Presented at Clarksburg West Virginia June 13 and 15, 1923 . . •V'.Vv 7 - .' •*. ?>,: ■-—’ft'Z 1 '•?•)■ ' y r- •'03C-- ■ . .'.t-v. '-.vV ,\-r- .. ••:• ... .. ,.>'v .-.- - . .-v-' ■ .* . - •-.••■ >'-• • •••• ■ ' ■ *» A PIONEER’S CABIN Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill https://archive.org/details/shawneetrailprogOOunse THE SHAWNEE TRAIL PROGRAM The Official City Seal was Designed by MISS VIRGINIA WOOD AN HISTORICAL PAGEANT Presented at CLARKSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA JUNE 13 and 15, 1923 CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE HOME COMING COMMITTEES L. K. Richards G. D. Theleen L. L. Young L. M. Sutton Louis A. Johnson. Mortimer W. Smith, Jr, C. B. W. Chapman. Arthur Heinze. Mortimer W. Smith, Jr Miss Ruth Souders. Louis A. Carr. Roy Ash. Mrs. Corinne Lockman. C. H. Wright. G. D. Theleen. A. F. Dennison. Samuel Mallison. F. H. Marvin. J. W. Wooddell. Jack Marks. Sheriff Laco L. Young., Rev. W. I. Canter.. James J. Devine. Jesse Wade... B. L. Hoffman. Chairman General Committee Roy Ash Secretary General Committee A. F. Dennison Jack Marks J. W. Wooddell .Chairman Parade Committee .Chairman Decorated Auto Parade .Chairman Industrial Parade ..Chairman Fraternal Night Parade .Chairman Ford Day Parade .Chairman Girls’ Doll Parade .Chairman Mardi Gras Parade .Chairman Registration and Reception Committee .Chairman Ladies’ Welcoming Committee .Chairman Industrial Athletic Meet Committee .Chairman Concession Committee .Chairman Program Committee .Chairman Publicity Committee .Chairman Historical Pageant Committee .Chairman Tourist Camp Committee .Chairman Free-Out-Door Attractions Committee .Chairman Race Meet Committee .Chairman Ministerial Committee .Chairman Finance Committee .Chairman Ford Day Committee .Chairman Decorations Committee HISTORICAL PAGEANT Pageant Committees EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE C. C. Grimmett, Chairman M. J. Henderson, Vice Chairman Hugh Jarvis, Treasurer P. H. Marvin, Executive Secretary OF COMMUNITY SERVICE Miss Verne Mathews, Asst. Sec’y. Mrs. M. L. McGraw H. H. Dawson Arthur Parsons PAGEANT EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE F. H. Marvin, Chairman L. P. Souders Coal, Oil and Gas—Hugh Smith Dance—Miss Ann Boggess Costume—Mrs. Wm. G. Osborne Grounds—C. C. Wood History—Harvey W. Harmer Industrial—D. F. McNicol HISTORY Harvey W. Harmer, Chairman Miss Emma Davis Mrs. A. W. Rapp Mrs. C. C. Jarvis Mrs. Walter Riddle Mrs. S. A. Smith COSTUME Mrs. Wm. G. Osborne, Chairman Mrs. Nelle Fletcher Allman Mrs. Virginia Garrett Miss Margaret George Mrs. Newell Hayman Mrs. E. C. Holmboe Music—Mrs. W. Lee Williams Stage Director—Forest G. Hall Stage Management—Dana Davis Transportation—H. A. Trench Photography—Floyd B. Sayres Production—Mrs. Ray Cuppet Programme—Samuel T. Mallison Prologue Writing—Mrs. B. F. Hornor COMMITTEE John C. Johnson William M. Swiger W. G. Tetrick S. R. Harrison Judge Haymond Maxwell Ray L. Strother COMMITTEE Mrs. A. L. Law Mrs. Robert Monroe Mrs. Amos Payne Mrs. Morgan Parsons Mrs. G. L. Pettrey Miss Virginia Wood PHOTOGRAPHY COMMITTEE Floyd E. Sayres, Chairman Mr. W. R. Hook Miss Mabel Bickle MUSIC COMMITTEE Mrs. W. Lee Williams, Chairman Vergil Bork Ernest E. Melville A. E. Kember C. C. Arms GENERAL CHORUS COMMITTEE Mrs. W. Lee Williams, Chairman Mrs. F. C. Devericks Eleanor Sloan Eva Rogers Edith White Natalie Simmerman Winifred Lynch Virginia Reynolds Mrs. F. L. Grant Virginia Wood Mrs. A. J. Smith Jesse Shinn Junius Musser D. L. Swiger INDUSTRIAL COMMITTEE D. E. McNicol, Jr., Chairman Greeley E. Hurst Max F. Johnson J. F. Early C. E. Margeson C. D. Newell G. Marting Geo. M. Boone Wm. F. Osborne C. W. Ankeny O. D. Dickey Wm. C. Manser, Jr. C. H. Wright 59S074 CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE COAL, OIL AND GAS Mr. Hugh Smith, Chairman GROUNDS COMMITTEE J. H. Ridenour H. W. Thrasher E. R. Rogers F. S. Turner PRODUCTION COMMITTEE Mrs. Ray Cuppet, Chairman Mrs. Margaret Lippard Mrs. Walter Riddle Miss Nannie Low DANCE COMMITTEE Miss Ann Boggess, Chairman Miss Isabelle McGowan Miss Angela McManaway Miss Verne Mathews Miss Sara Johnston C. C. Wood, Chairman A. H. Cundell Wade Robinson O. L. Showalter L. K. Richards ACCOMPANISTS COMMITTEE Miss Eliza Smith, Chairman Miss Virginia Lee Miss Augusta Caplan Wylma Smith Katharine Ernst Regina Bradford Virginia Ripley Evelyn Sewell Edith White Dana Davis, Chairman Earl Johnson Jimmy Lee Hornor Wayne Hornor Meyer Siegel Dudley Struve STAGE MANAGEMENT Dr. I. D. Cole H. A. Cropp George Lynch Clarence Waldeck John Koblegard, Jr. PROLOGUE WRITING Mrs. B. Frank Hornor, Chairman H. G. Rhawn Lila Shiras Morris Jarvis E. Bryan Templeman Anna Holmes Davis Richardson Judge Haymond Maxwell Rev. J. T. Carter Col. Guy D. Goff TICKET SALES COMMITTEE J. L. McMillan, Chairman Thomas G. Wilkes August Frenzel PROGRAMME COMMITTEE Samuel Mallison, Chairman Forrest G. Hall I. O. Ash D. R. Evan Paul Sheets L. W. Waugh Graham Lynch Wade Garrett Rev. E. B. Turner W. Roy Hashinger J. W. Law Lee Hedges Lyle B. Hornor Wayne B. Hornor O. L. Haught H. B. Kincaid John Denham Wade H. Coffindaffer J. Lee Hornor STAGE DIRECTOR’S COMMITTEE Chairman Fred Philpott, Chairman George McKinley Fred Clevenger PROPERTY COMMITTEE Raymond Rowe Ross Simpson Junior White Southern Pamphlets Rare Book Collection UNC-Chapel Hill HISTORICAL PAGEANT Officers of the Pageant PAGEANT DIRECTOR—Nina B. Lamkin, Department of Dramatics, Community Service, maintained by The Playground and Recrea¬ tion Association of America, New York City. ASSOCIATE DIRECTORS—Mrs. Harry G. Sturm, Extension Division, West Virginia University. Mrs. Charles W. Mason, Community Service of Clarksburg. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR—F. H. Marvin, Executive Secretary, Com¬ munity Service of Clarksburg. BAND DIRECTOR—Virgil Bork. DRUM CORPS DIRECTOR—Brother Constantine. CHORUS DIRECTORS—Mrs. W. Lee Williams. C. C. Arms. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Community Service of Clarksburg Foreword 'HE Historical Pageant brings to a close the first year of Clarks¬ burg Community Service in a wonderful demonstration of com¬ munity co-operation which carries more significance than can be expressed in printed words. The many activities of the year, touch¬ ing practically every religious, educational and fraternal organization, have made it easily possible to recruit the cast for the event which seems a fitting climax to many beneficial accomplishments. Pioneering in organized amusement and recreation, the move¬ ment has served as an inspiration to all the important cities surround¬ ing Clarksburg now considering or organizing community projects. Some of the outstanding accomplishments may be recorded as the marble and horse-shoe tournaments, Sunday School baseball and bas¬ ketball leagues, gymnasium classes for both men and women, dra¬ matic contest, community Christmas program and supervision of the municipal playgrounds. A recreation leaders’ school proved one of the most interesting and beneficial activities in that it developed a group of talented leaders to further broaden the scope of our work. We view the past with satisfaction and look to the future with a new hope and renewed inspiration. To those who have given so generously of their time, money and talent to make the institution a success, may this foreword convey a message of sincere appreciation. C. C. GRIMMETT, Chairman, Community Service of Clarksburg. HISTORICAL PAGEANT Authors of the Pageant The Pageant, “The Shawnee Trail,” has been written and pro¬ duced through the efforts of many people working together on a great community project which has as its aim a record of the achievements of the past, a tribute to our forbears, an appreciation of our traditions and a vision of future industrial and civic progress. The History Committee collected the data and wrote the his¬ torical sketches. The Prologues and other spoken parts were written by various persons. Credit for them is given in the pageant book. The Pageant was dramatized by the Pageant Director. The rural scenes were under the supervision of the Associate Director. The Pageant Executive Committee wishes to express its appre¬ ciation and thanks to all committees, organizations, and individuals who have labored so faithfully to make the production, a success. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Greeting Friends and gathered comrades, greeting As into your face we gaze. Welcome are both friend and stranger As they were in Indian days. Where our campfire burns this evening Theirs no doubt, was often made; Often on these hills around us They have rested in the shade. Looked upon this vale beneath them With its forests full of deer, How remote from all their fancies Such a picture as this here. Though this never was the homeland Of an Indian tribe for long. Yet the Cherokee and Shawnee Oft sang here their hunting song. Sang their songs of patriotism, They first loved our ‘rocks and rills.’ Loved the Elk Creek and the West Fork, And our green and wooded hills. Over mountains, hills and valleys, By their trails through forests dense Blazed the paths for us to follow When their fate had called them hence. Saw the same stars shine above them That will shine on us tonight, Called the Northern Crown the ‘Shawnees Round their council fire bright.’ Saw the Dipper as we see it, With one star we often lose, Called the big star in the Handle ‘Squaw that carried her papoose.’ Courtesy Samuel R. Harrison FIRST HOME OF THE PRINGLES HISTORICAL PAGEANT On Pinnickinnick red willow Gathered for their pipes of peace, Loved the hills thrown all around them As the Hellenes loved their Greece. One old sachem of the tree tribe In a solitude supreme, Sat for ages on the hilltop Musing in the age-long dream— Dreaming of when Indian hunters Came across the ‘Shawnee Trail,' Men of free and noble nation Whom no danger caused to quail. When their light canoes shot swiftly Past the West Fork’s wooded shore Did no voice prophetic warn them Soon they’d pass that way no more Gone—but left on hill and river Their imperishable name! When the sunset calls us also Can they say of us the same? Salem, Bridgeport, Milford, Shinnston, Grasselli, Zeising, Quiet Dell, Hepzibah, Lost Creek and Oral, Who our race from these could tell? Many names from many peoples— All make up the race of man, Gifts from this one, and from that one, Make today’s AMERICAN. —ANNA HOLMES DAVIS RICHARDSON. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE CHARACTERS AND GROUPS IN ORDER OF ENTRANCE AND LEADERS CAST PROPHET OF PINNICKINNICK.S. R. Bentley PRELUDE THE FOREST NYMPHS—Elizabeth Cummings, Vivian Kester, Mildred Burn¬ side, Ruth Born, Irma Queen, Pauline Mallory, Elizabeth Merifield, Agnes Flowers, Mary Prudence Thompson. VOICES OF THE FOREST—Girls of Victory High School, Verne Mathews. THE FOUR WINDS—Girl Reserves, Mrs. S, Ralph Thompson. THE FLOWERS—First Presbyterian Church, Mrs. V. Swearingen. THE FLOWERS—Clarksburg Baptist Church, Frankie Pearcy. THE FLOWERS—St. Paul’s M. E. Church, South, Mrs. C. W. Conrad. THE STAR CHILDREN—Ruby May Barnes, Evalind Miller, Alcinda McGee. SPIRIT OF AIR—Bernadine Carney. SPIRIT OF THE SUN—Mary Dorothy Post. SPIRIT OF THE WATER—Mary Dell Keough. AIR, SUN AND WATER—St. Joseph’s Academy, Mrs. M. J. Kennedy, Mrs. T. R. Mulheran. RAINBOW FAIRIES—Enterprise Four-H Club, Helen Martin, Lorene Sturm. EPISODE I SHAWNEE CEREMONIALS 1745-1765 Indian Chiefs PUCK-SE-KAW. CORNSTALK. LOGAN. TECUMSEH. PAXNOUS. BLUE JACKET . SWIFTFOOT . FIRE LIGHTER. INDIAN MEN—Red Men: Alexander Kerns, C. D. Fleming. C. W. Bachman ..Charles Batson .W. E. Baker ..Harry G. Post .A. M. Kerns Karl Wynn MEDICINE MEN—Charles Randolph, Curtis D. Fleming. INDIAN WOMEN—Pocahontas Lodge, Mrs. Curtis Fleming, Mrs. E. L. Griffith. INDIAN WOMEN—Maccabee Ladies, Mrs. K. E. Moore, Mrs. J. M. Faulkineer. INDIAN SCOUTS: Red Men: Raymond Kerns, C. M. Booth, Guy Fortney. INDIAN MEN AND WOMEN—First Presbyterian Church, Virgil Swearingen. INDIAN BOYS AND GIRLS—First Presbyterian Church, Mrs. George Coyle, Mr. George Coyle. INDIAN MEN AND WOMEN—Central Christian Church, Mrs. E. H. Harris, C. W. Brown. INDIAN BOYS AND GIRLS—Central Christian Church, Miss Nannie Lowe. INDIAN BOYS—Kappa Sigma Pi, Mrs. J. D. Hill, Bryan Flory, Fred Goff. INDIAN BOYS AND GIRLS—Bridgeport High School—Mrs. Walter Riddle, Forest G. Hall. LITTLE INDIAN CHIEF—Roy Taylor. INDIAN SCOUT—Carl Shriver. MEDICINE MAN—Dale Wilkinson. INDIAN BOYS—Boy Scouts, Hugh J. Smith, D. B. Frantz, H. Hemeyer. INDIAN GIRLS—Campfire Girls, Lena M. Criss, Thelma Criss. INDIAN DANCER—Mabel Corder. historical pageant episode II COMING OF FIRST SETTLERS 1765-1774 INDIANS AS IN EPISODE I JOHN SIMPSON. “D /r ti . JOHN PRINGLE. .V”***;'.M Baber SAMUEL PRINGLE..Ventley Dorr Pringle EARLY TRADERS—Central Christian Church, L. F. Deem Mrs C H HnrH? SURVFYT^q DE f? S ^~^ a n? a Sigmi Pi ’ Bryan Flor y» F red Goff. SURVEYORS—Central Christian Church, P. M. Baber. EPISODE III CALL TO INDEPENDENCE 1775-1783 Scene 1 A PIONEER RIDER. THE FRONTIERSMEN—The Central Christian Church Rev. THE FRONTIERSMEN—Kappa Sigmi Pi, Bryan Flory. THE FRONTIERSMEN—Bridgeport Group, Forrest G. Hall OTHER PIONEER MEN. P. M. Baber. Scene 2 THE FIRST CHURCH MINISTER—(JAMES SUTTON)—Reverend Benjamin Stout. DANIEL AND PRUDENCE DAVISSON—Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Davisson. RHODA WARD—Mrs. Pensy Cornwell. ELIZABETH STOUT—Mrs. Estelle Kelly. MARY EDWARDS—Miss Edna Lodge. THOMAS BARTLEY—Mr. T. J. Heavner. SAMUEL BEARD—(Singing Clerk)—Neal Lawson. MR. AND MRS. ZADOK GOODIN—Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Preston. THOMAS NUTTER—Mr. William Cropp. BENJAMIN HOLDEN—Reverend Paul Holden. NICHOLAS CARPENTER—Mr. George Camp. MARGARET ROBINSON—Miss Mary Faris. J. J. WALDO—Mr. Allen Fitzhugh. MEN AND WOMEN—Bridgeport, Mrs. Edward Garrett, Paul Sheets. CHILDREN—Children of Bridgeport. Scene 3 SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS THE TOWN CRIER — ENGLISH WOMEN — Daughters of the American Revolution, Mrs. R. S. Moore. ENGLISH WOMEN — Catholic Daughters of America, Mrs. M. J. Kennedy, Mrs. T. L. Mulheran. ENGLISH BOYS AND GIRLS — Shinnston, Mrs. Clyde McCarty. ENGLISH WOMEN — Quota Club, Miss Belle Leatherman, Mrs. Celia Gartlan. ENGLISH WOMEN — Corinne Club, Eleanor Merrill. ENGLISH WOMEN — Woman’s Club, Mrs. Olandus West, Mrs. Robert Morris, Mrs. John Steinbeck. ENGLISH WOMEN — Marcato Club, Miss Cora M. Atchison, Miss Mary Sheets. ENGLISH WOMEN — I Can’t Tell Club, Mrs. J. C. Johnson, Mrs. G. D. Theleen. GENERAL O.HARA — K. of C., Percy Byrd. FRENCH SOLDIERS —K. of C., Mr. J. P. Clifford, Mr. M. L. McGraw. CONTINENTAL SOLDIERS — K. of C. BRITISH SOLDIERS—K. of C. DRUM CORPS — St. Marys, Brother Constantine. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Scene 4 RECEPTION AND BALL All English Women in Scene 3. INTERLUDE 1 SPIRITS OF THE BLUE GRASS FIELDS OF WEST VIRGINIA—Mary Jo Miles, Frances Spires, Susan Smith, Bernadetta Slabaugh. BLUE GRASS FIELDS—St. Joseph’s Academy Girls, Mrs. M. L. McGraw, Mrs. T. R. Mulheran. EPISODE IV SPIRIT OF HARRISON COUNTY.Martha Dorsey COUNTY OFFICERS—Group from Rotary Club representing— B. L. Hoffman Nicholas Carpenter W. A. Watts William Robinson John P. Duval John Powers Benjamin Wilson Thomas Cheney William Lowther Jacob Westfall James Anderson Salathiel Goff Henry Delay Patrick Hamilton And other prominent citizens represented by direct descendants. BENJAMIN ROBINSON.Benjamin Robinson JACKSON.Miss Florie Jackson LEWIS.Mrs. T. Moore Jackson LEE.Mrs. J. J. Duncan DUNCAN.Mrs. Benjamin Britt HUMBIRD.Mrs. Lyle Smith AUSTIN.Miss Genevieve Foruth CHAPIN.Mrs. M. W. Smith SMITH.Mrs. Mortimer W. Smith (HORNOR.Mr. B. Frank Hornor (CARR. Mrs. B. Frank Hornor PRIM.Miss Gertrude Boggess CAMDEN.Mrs. A. D. Parr HURSEY.Mrs. Ella Hursey Wade STEELE.Mrs. John Hursey HAYMOND.Mrs. Ida Haymond Rapp VANCE.Miss Lillie (Vance) Stealey Waldeck.Mrs. Mallison PRITCHARD.Mrs. Myra Pritchard Hall BOGGESS.Miss Mary Boggess SETON . PECK.Miss Mary Peck STEALEY . GARRETT.Mrs. Ann Garrett Berry EIB AND YOUNG.Miss Hettie Young SOMERVILLE . McAULEY.Mrs. Homer Williams WILSONS.Mrs. John W. Brown HARRISON . JARVIS . LOWNDES . GOFF . moore . ADAMS.Mrs. Charles Finley MARTIN.Mrs. Clayton McKeehan CRISS.Mrs. Wm. Harrington COUNTY PICNIC GROUPS—Shinnston, Mrs. Clyde McCarty, Mr. D. W. Parsons. Scene 2 CLARKSBURG ESTABLISHED TOWN TRUSTEES Rotary Club.Howard Post, L. C. Shingleton WILLIAM HAYMOND...B. Frank Homo? HISTORICAL PAGEANT NICHOLAS CARPENTER.E. L. Long JOHN MEYERS.O. Ray Cuppet JOHN McCAULEY.Chas. D. Johnson JOHN DAVISSON.Dr. J. F. Williams PROMINENT CITIZENS DANIEL DAVISSON.. OBADIAH DAVISSON. AMAZIAH DAVISSON. SAMUEL COTTRILL. ANDREW COTTRILL. THOMAS NUTTER. MATHEW NUTTER. SOTHA HICKMAN. SAMUEL BEARD. THEO. SHINN. FIRST JURY TRIAL .E. L. Branch .E. B. Turner .W. R. Hoffman ,...Chas. H. Morgan .G. M. West .P. H. Koblegard ....Frank L. Wilson .W. A. Sawyer C. Wade Robinson .J. Wesley Law KIWANIS CLUB.Dana Davis, B. L. Hoffman, W. A. Watts JUDGE. Jack Crews PROSECUTING ATTORNEY.Dr. L. M. Robinson ATTORNEY FOR DEFENSE.John Smith, Jr. DEFENDANT. Clate Powell STATE WITNESS.Oscar Wilt, M. J. Henderson, B. A. Watts DEFENSE.Ward Fletcher, H. B. Bainbridge JURY—Dr. Langfitt, Scott Thompson, A. J. MacDaniels, Duffy Floyd, Raymer Parrish, Louis Carr, Jean Rolland, Harry Hoffman, Dr. A. T. Post, Dr. C. O. Post, O. T. Davis, Howard Henderson. Scene 3 AN INDIAN RAID PIONEER FAMILY INDIAN MEN in Episode I—Redmen'. INDIAN SCOUTS in Episode I—Redmen. INDIAN MEN—First Presbyterian Church, Central Christian Church. INDIAN BOYS—Kappa Sigmi Pi, Bridgeport, Boy Scouts. PIONEER MEN AND WOMEN in SCENE 2. Scene 4 THE PEACE TREATY ALL INDIAN CHIEFS, ALL INDIAN MEN and large INDIAN BOYS. ALL EARLY SETTLERS. EPISODE V Scene 1 ON THE WAY TO THE FIELDS MEN AND WOMEN — Saltwell Community Club, Mr. Geo. Nixon, Mrs. Harry Shinn, Bridgeport. Scene 2 GROUP SHOWING LUMBERING. _ _ GROUP WITH THE PACK CARAVAN, Lumberport—W. C. Whaley, R. T. Gray. GROUP WITH FIRST WAGON—Prospect Valley, James Coffman. SETTLERS—Clarksburg Baptist Church, Frankie Pearcy, V/. W. Walters. SETTLERS—D. O. K. K. Men, Floyd Stuart, S. C. Allen; Pythian Sisters, Mrs. F. C. Deverieks, Mrs. Mary Chidester. D. O. K. K. Ladies, Irene Morgan; Knights of Pythias. ^ __ _ 0 ... MEN AND WOMEN—M. E. Church, Miss Romanna Rowley, Mr. E. V. Smith. GROUP WITH COACH. , or PIONEER WOMEN—Business and Professional Women s Club, Nannie R. Lowe. MEN AND WOMEN—First Presbyterian Church, W. B. McFarland, Mrs. W. A. Broadwater. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE PHINNEAS CHAPIN.Phinneas Chapin Smith NANCY SOMERVILLE.Cleo Somerville YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN—First Presbyterian Church, Margaret George, Mary Bramham. CHILDREN—Clarksburg Baptist Church, Frankie Pearcy. WEDDING PARTY—Clarksburg Baptist Church, W. W. Waters, Frankie Pearcy MINISTER— Scene 3 STONEWALL JACKSON—Preston B. Gandy, Rotary Club. HIS SERVANT— SETTLERS IN SCENE 2. Scene 4 RECEPTION FOR GOVERNOR JOHNSON—Bridgeport Groups. MAN WITH KEG. HORSEBACK RIDERS. GROUP COMING TO RECEPTION—Bridgeport, Mrs. Walter Riddle, F. G. Hall, Allan Fitch. GOVERNOR JOHNSON—Morris Gluck, Bridgeport. GUESTS OF JOHNSON. REST OF CROWD AND FIDDLERS. EPISODE VI 1861-1863 PEOPLE AT MASS MEETING—Early Settlers and Previous Scenes. DELEGATES FROM HARRISON COUNTY—Parts Taken by Descendants of First Settlers. JOHN S. CARLILE.W. G. Stathers THOMAS L. MOORE.Dr. Luther Haymond JOHN J. DAVIS.John J. Davis Preston SOLOMON S. FLEMING.Dr. Donald H. Fleming FELIX S. STURM.Ralph J. Sturm JAMES LYNCH.Lawrence Lynch WILLIAM E. LYON.Ellis Lyon LOT BOWEN.Karl B. Kyle WILLIAM DUNCAN.Wallace Duncan WALDO P. GOFF.Col. Guy D. Goff B. F. SHUTTLEWORTH...Chas. Shuttleworth OTHER CITIZENS—Ladies of the G. A. R., Mrs. J. E. Henry, Mrs. E. A. Riley. ALL GROUPS OF CITIZENS IN EPISODE V. Scene 2 WHEELING CONVENTION ELEVEN DELEGATES FROM HARRISON COUNTY NAMED ABOVE. DELEGATES FROM OTHER COUNTIES—Maccabee Lodge, E. H. Palmer, C. M. Jones. SOME OF THE DELEGATES Wm. B. Zinn, Chairman. George R. Lathem, Secretary. W. W. Williams. E. P. Rohrbaugh. F. M. Chalfant. A. S. Withers. J. W. Hudson. P. M. Hale.;. W. L. Gratt. J. A. J. Lightburn. W. G. Willis. Col. Wheat. John J. Jackson. .E. H. Palmer .C. M. Jones .Harley Westfall .L. G. Dotson .Guy Copenhaver .J. P. Crown .Wm. Gabriel .James L. Gill Alfred E. Delmotte .Glenn McGary .Guy M. Queen .Dewey Clark .H. L. Sheets HISTORICAL PAGEANT j. woorter. . L Lightman REVEREND PETER LAISHLEY AND OTHERS—Maccabees, E. H. Palmer, C. M. Jones. DRUM CORPS—St. Mary’s School, Brother Constantine. Scene 3 RECEPTION TO DELEGATES ON THEIR RETURN CITIZEN S GROUPS Ladies of G. A. R., Mrs. D. H. Kelley, Mrs. A. G. Brown. PROMINENT CITIZENS, Represented by Group of Descendants, Miss Emma Davis; Sons of Veterans, J. M. Stealey. LITTLE WEST VIRGINIA.Esther Grace Henry LIBERTY.Mrs. Nida Crane UNCLE SAM.George Plum INTERLUDE 2 VOICES OF THE HILLS SPIRIT OP THE HILLS.Sarah Johnson WASHINGTON IRVING GIRLS.Mabel Marshall, Dora Johnson EPISODE VII Scene 1 AGRICULTURAL EXPANSION—FOUR-H CLUBS SPIRIT OF PROGRESS, Stealey.Metta Messenger HUB CLUB, Saltwell.Charles Righter SHINN’S RUN LEADERS.Blanch Harmer CANNING GIRLS, West Milford.Miss Bertha Lynch THE FLOWER GIRLS, Enterprise.Miss Helen Martin RAINBOW GIRLS, Enterprise.Lorene Sturm STEALEY CLUB, Clarksburg.Metta Messenger GIRLS’ CLUB, Lumberport. SEWING GIRLS, Shinnston.Mrs. Clyde McCarty PIG AND POULTRY, Shinnston.Mrs. Clyde McCarty ISAAC’S CREEK.Earl Piggott SARDIS.R. L. Dennison COMMUNITY CLUBS SALTWELL.Mr. George Nixon, Mrs. Harry Shinn GRASS RUN.Mr. M. L. Williams, Mrs. Frances J. Kells BROWN CLUB.Mrs. Mary Smith BRUSPIY FORK.Mrs. John Lang, Mr. J. C. Pratt GOOD HOPE.Mr. Sherman Burnside, Mrs. Chester Burnside MINERAL.Mr. L. F. Post, Mrs. W. L. Hall ISAAC’S CREEK.Mr. Guy Bates, Mrs. Guy Bates Scene 2 EDUCATIONAL EXPANSION MARCH OF PROGRESS—College Club, Mrs. Laura Showalter, Mrs. Virginia Scene 3 EDUCATIONAL EXPANSION W. C. T. U.Mrs. Newell Hayman, Mrs. W. H. Cheuvront MOTHERS CLUB. Mrs - l - J - Coston LOYAL TEMPERANCE LEGION.Mrs. A. J. McKinney AMERICANIZATION DEPT.Mrs. Walter Elliott, Lulu Luce SCIENTIFIC TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION DEPT.Mrs. W. H. Cheuvront DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA.Nelle Heflin, Leona Sayre Scene 4 INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION CLARKSBURG POTTERIES. PITTSBURG PLATE GLASS. INTERSTATE WINDOW GLASS. WEIRTON STEEL. OIL, COAL AND GAS... ...D. F. McNicol ...C. H. Wright ..M. F. Johnson ..G. E. Hurst Hugh G. Smith CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE INTERLUDE 3 HONOR TO THOSE WHO DID NOT RETURN Y. W. C. A. INDUSTRIAL CLUBS— Weirton Steel .Della Bane Empire Laundry .Edna Swisher, Madeline Barr EPISODE VIII Scene 1 SYMBOLIC CHARACTERS AMERICA—College Club.Iona Cuppett DEMOCRACY—College Club..Merel Allen SPIRIT OF WEST VIRGINIA—Women’s Club.Mrs. Olandus West PEACE—College Club.Martha Haislip TRUTH—College Club.Frances Williams JUSTICE—College Club.Agnes Gronemeyer MUSIC—Corinne Club.Jane McMurdo DRAMA—College Club.Margaret Lippard.. ART—Tuesday Club . EDUCATION—College Club.Hazel Leatherwood LITERATURE—Women’s Club.Mrs. S. A. Smith AGRICUTURE—Boys’ and Girls’ Four-H Clubs.Martha Thompson Hall INDUSTRY—Pythian Sisters.Mrs. D. T. Moneypenny HARRISON COUNTY—Bridgeport High School.Martha Dorsey CLARKSBURG—Catholic Daughters of America.Mrs M L McGraw GREATEST MOTHER IN THE WORLD—Red Cross.Mrs. Corinne Lockman Scene 3 CIVIC CLUBS American Legion Veterans of Foreign Wars Daughters of American Revolution Grand Army of the Republic Ladies of the G. A. R. Sons of Veterans Red Cross Ladies’ Auxiliary, Veterans of Foreign Wars W. C. T. U. Business and Professional Woman’s Club First Baptist Church M. E. Church Central Christian Church First Presbyterian Church Corinne Choral Club Marcato Club College Club Woman’s Club Tuesday Club Quota I Can’t Tell Club Washington Irving High School Victory High School Kappa Sigmi Pi Boy Scouts Camp Fire Girls Rotary Club Kiwanis Chamber of Commerce Red Men Pocahontas Maccabees and Lady Maccabees Pythian Sisters Knights of Pythias Women’s Benefit Association of Maccabees No. 34 A GROUP OF COLONIAL WOMEN HISTORICAL PAGEANT D. O. K. K. Ladies of D. O. K. K. Daughters of America Catholic Daughters of America St. Joseph’s Academy St. Mary’s High School Four-H Clubs of Harrison County Community Clubs of Harrison County CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE The Story of the Pageant THE SHAWNEE TRAIL The music for the Pageant is developed through the Band, a Gen¬ eral Chorus and a Special Chorus. PROLOGUES throughout the Pageant are read by THE PROPH¬ ET OF PINNICKINNICK. FIRST PROLOGUE Nature’s Gifts to West Virginia Summer! and our hearts turned toward the hills— Our hills, whose strength and beauty unforgot Call to the exile wheresoe’er he roam And make him know that where they are is home! O, green clad hills and sunny-lying slopes With summer mists and wintry snows outlined, (All Hills) If far removed from low desires and aims Thy scattered children still have tried to climb The steeps youth thought so easy to attain, The courage, strength, ideal, all are yours Who first directed upward each one’s gaze. We know in other places there are hills As beautiful as ours, Olympus high, Parnassus, and the hill where Muses dwelt, While far-famed Fujiyama enters in To every thought of those whose land it crowns But just for us Pinnickinnick looks down And holds out circling arms. Our fond old nurse (Pinnick- Who from our toddling days has watched our steps innick) Is still the first to welcome back each child! And with the calm serenity of age Points out wide stretching sweeps to tired eyes. Peace comes as she directs the gaze below Where in the lovely valleys of our hills The same sun shines that falls on Tempe’s Vale, And in the Vale of Kashmir famed in song. No sacred Nile or Ganges flows along, With crowded banks of worshippers devout, No legend-haunted castles crown our Rhine, Nor beautiful blue Danube names our waltz; Yet where Monongahela’s rippling notes Make running melody in Nature’s song, (Rivers) Where every little creek laughs in the sun, And ‘books in running brooks’ are borne along, There living streams of water flow for us, There are the magic Fountains of our Youth. HISTORICAL PAGEANT In other lands the changing seasons pass Each bringing its distinctive beauty gift Of wind and snow, of flower and changing leaf, Of summer storm, and sunshine through the rift; — But O, in West Virginia Now that summer’s there! For those in West Virginia In the flowering of the year (Flowers) Find in every dell and hollow Dainty flowers that crowned the May, See in fields, and by the roadsides Blossoms nodding a good day. There May-Apples’ waxy blossoms Deck wee Innocents close by, While the Rev. Jacks-in-Pulpits Frown as Johnny-jumps-up high. Golden hearted, peasant Daisy (With those petals lovers sigh on) Gaily dances in the fields with Pennyroyal, Dandelion: Bouncing Bet with Queen-Anne’s Laces Flirts with Joe Pye in the field, And with magic brew of Yarrow, Black-eyed Susan’s heart is healed. All like rosemary bring mem’ries All like pansies, thoughts disclose— But, there’s healing for all heartache In a home grown garden rose! Flowers have beauty, flowers have sweetness Live and laugh and have their day; Trees have wisdom, trees have knowledge, Still our oracles today. Every tree’s a Tree-of-Life, straight and whole Every leaf has healing in it for the soul, (Trees) Every maple, oak and beech Walnut, laurel,—each may teach All the World-Tree know heaven-high upon its knoll. In the orchard blossom-laden spreads a tree That has been a Tree-of-Knowledge unto me, There the ‘spirit of the wood’ Whispers all that makes life good— Homely joys, and friendships dear its fruit I see. The ‘Signal Elm’)— (A Symbol) There was a tree—from all trees else apart, Upon our southern hill alone it stood Its comrades gone, its life work seeming done, Yet there it stayed, to itself true and straight, Not clutching frantically at falling leaves, Nor cringing coward-like from wintry blasts, But taking each thing as it came in turn; For years a symbol on its lofty height, Of courage, strength, serenity and trust; A comrade fighting, winning victories too, The Master, and the Captain of its soul, Now it has gone—as we when comes our call, When Destiny would lead us farther on. The skies still smile, and stars shine from above Upon its vacant place. Yet in new form Our ‘Signal Elm’ remains to bid us hope, And listen for the ‘Scholar-Gypsy’ song— CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Those strains that shall draw all men’s souls as one Ah, who shall hear it first, and follow on! Not in ‘beguiling songs of fame’ its notes, Nor in the loud huzzahs of victory, Nor in the jingling of the coins of trade; But in the whispering of the summer breeze, Or broadcast by the wind before the dawn Or in the echo of a heart in tune. (Land o’ Dreams) What need have we to picture happier lands With skies more blue, or lovelier landscapes blest? This is our Land o’ Dreams, a dream come true And each heart feels the truth that HOME IS BEST! (Winds) To hills and valleys, rivers, flowers and trees, Waft, waft, ye winds, the ceremonial smoke, May there be peace forever in our camp, With goodwill unto every other folk! —ANNA HOLMES DAVIS RICHARDSON. “NATURE’S GIFTS TO WEST VIRGINIA” PRELUDE THE VOICES OF THE FORESTS THE FOREST NYMPHS come in a Dance of Greeting and sum¬ mon the Trees, the Flowers, the Star Children, the Four Winds, the Air, the Sun, the Water, and the Rainbow Fairies who dance the Story of the Forests. PROLOGUE The Trail of the Afooriginees S the rainbow smiles its promise of peace and security, while the thunder of the departing storm still distantly rumbles—so smiled this pleasing landscape to the Shawnees. When the great Workmaster pronounced it “Good,” picture to yourself this primitive loveliness! To these rich hills, hidden apart from the world’s eye, restore their forests of oak, chestnut, beech, walnut and hickory—carpeted with a profusion of wildflowers and sweet fern; the many streams reflecting the beauty of laurel and sycamore in their clear pools, from which flsh leap and splash in the sunshine; and roaming the uncharted expanse every variety of o’ame A Masterpiece Completed. The constantly changing hues from dainty spring to gorgeous environment which begets the spirit of mystery* the beholder is lifted above himself—charmed; and to the first dweller therein it was the veritable abiding place of the Great Spirit. The HISTORICAL PAGEANT murmuring trees breathe His praise. presence; the falling waters chant His The Indian, admitting and enjoying his kinship with beast and bird, belongs to it all as naturally as they. The Manitou guards His own. —LILY SHIRAS MORRIS JARVIS. EPISODE 1-1745-1754 CEREMONIALS OF THE SHAWNEES It is Springtime in West Virginia, the time of corn planting. The Shawnee Indians are gathering to celebrate the Corn Festival. The fires are lighted and the chiefs send the smoke to the Four Winds as they summon their people. In the ceremonial they ask the Great Spirit to bless the seed as it is planted and to bring the rain and the sun that the seed may grow, and that the harvest may be plentiful. The chiefs at this ceremonial are Cornstalk, Tecumseh, Paxnous, Logan, Puck-se-kaw, Blue Jacket and Swift-Foot. PROLOGUE The Coming of the First Settlers Surveyors at work with the grape vine for the chain and guided by the sundial and compass make roads for future villages and towns as they picture mills and factories in their vision of progress. Blue mountains in the distance lift their heads, A few brave men more daring than the rest, Ask: “What lies beyond those rugged peaks?” And so they came, and found beyond the crests This land of beauty, giving much of life. Men, hardy as the hills they conquered, came, Settling here, ’mid the pines, faithful women helping. Through days of hardship, nights of peril, on they pushed, Bowing the untracked forest by savage foe undaunted. At last they found a place beside a stream, Where fish and game in plenty did abound. Then here they marked the land and built their cabins, Sharing the pleasant vale so sternly won— A fitting compensation for the valor of this few, The Pringles and the Simpsons and the rest, Who pierced the trackless wilderness to win new homes Beyond the great blue mountains beckoning men. Today—they curled up in smug content—must honoring pause to pay To yesterday the tribute these brothers of the mountains, The first who came to this fair land of ours. —H. G. RHAWN. EPISODE 11-1754-1774 EARLY SETTLEMENT WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS “I hear the tread of Pioneers, Of Nations yet to be, The first low wash of waves, Where soon shall roll a human sea.” —WHITTIER Axi Indian Scout brings the news that the White Men are near- CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE ing the village. Great excitement reigns as John Simpson, the Eng¬ lish trader who first traversed this section, with John Pringle and his brother, and an Indian guide and interpreter come. They make friends with the Indians and trade with them. A Peace Ceremonial is per¬ formed. Other settlers reach the country west of the mountains and the first permanent settlement is made. Some of the first families were those of William Raymond, Benjamin Wilson, Elias Hughes, Ben¬ jamin Copeland, and the Hickmans. EPISODE III—1775-1783 Scene 1 THE CALL TO THE PEOPLE Patrick Henry’s call to the people “that the colony be immediately put Into a state of defense” traveled rapidly as the Convention at Richmond closed. The proposition to arm the colony had been carried and the committee, includ¬ ing Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, formulated their plans at once. The frontiersmen west of the mountain receive the news of the Battle of Lexington and they hasten away to old Fort Pitt, where they pledge their lives to the Cause of American Liberty. Scene 2 THE FIRST CHURCH IN HARRISON COUNTY 1776 In these first days of the struggle for national independence, when people gather in groups for prayer and to ask for guidance, the first Church in Harrison County is dedicated at Simpson Creek. The peo¬ ple gather from the hillside, some arriving on foot and others on horseback. The lining of the old hymn, “When I Can Read My Title Clear,” is followed by song and prayer. The record of the church must be kept clear and above criticism—so Rhoda Ward, whom the people say is a witch, is tried by the Church Council and excommuni¬ cated. The pastor's salary including contributions of hides, tobacco, wine, etc., is raised and the service ends with the Doxology and Prayer. Scene 3 AT YORKTOWN, OCTOBER, 1781 THE SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS n The ^ Town Cner is making his rounds, “Twelve o’clock and all’s well and Cornwallis is taken.” The news spreads quickly throughout the coloma 1 villages. Great rejoicing and thanksgiving to Almighty God follows the message of victory. 1^1 At /£ UI A’ clock i n the afternoon of the nineteenth of October, 1781, at Yorktown Cornwallis remaining in his tent, Major General Ollaia marches the British army past the lines of the combined r l ench and Contmenal armies and not without signs of repugnance makes his surrender to Washington. repugnance, The great struggle for Independence has been won, the last CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Article of Capitulation has been signed at Yorktown. The colonial women gathei to witness the ceremony and to rejoice over the victory. Scene 4 Each village holds its celebration—doing honor to our soldiers. This includes a reception and ball where many of the colonial dances are presented. INTERLUDE I THE BLUE GRASS FIELDS OF WEST VIRGINIA THE BLUE GRASS FIELDS OF WEST VIRGINIA bring their plentiful harvests as an offering to the colonies.—A Dance Drama. PROLOGUE The Commonwealth of Virginia 0 the hills of northwestern Virginia came pioneers of hardy stock —adventurous and sturdy. With broad vision unobscured by the light chaff of social fiction, men and women yearning for larger freedom and unhampered opportunity defied hardships, con¬ quered the wilderness and laid deep and firm the foundations of true American citizenship. The men were plain and unpretentious—inde¬ fatigable in industry and undaunted in courage. By their sides were women superb in personal charm, unsurpassed in home-making, un¬ afraid in the face of danger, and withal consecrated to virtuous and noble lives. Thus, without the mockery of assumed elegance, but guided and controlled by principles of simple living and plain dealing, there grew and flourished a national spirit of loyalty and a community sentiment of brotherhood that is our cherished inheritance. —JUDGE HAYMOND MAXWELL. EPISODE IV—1784-1800 Scene 1 THE COUNTY OF HARRISON In May, 1784, the General Assembly passed an act forming the County of Harrison out of the County of Monongalia. The first officers appointed by the Governor are named:— John P. Duval Benjamin Wilson William Lowther James Anderson Henry Delay Nicholas Carpenter William Robinson John Powers Thomas Cheney Jacob Westfall Salathiel Goff Patrick Hamilton William Haymond Other prominens citizens represented by their direct descendants HISTORICAL PAGEANT are: Jackson, Lewis, Lee, Duncan, Humbird, Austin, Chapin, Smith, Hornor, Carr, Prim, Camden, Hursey, Steele, Haymond, Vance, Wal- deck, Pritchard, Boggess, Sehrn, Peck, Stealey, Garrett, Young, Som- merville, McAuley, Wilson, Harrison, Jarvis, Lowndes, Goff, Moore, Adams, Marton, Criss, Robinson. William Lowther produces a com¬ mission as sheriff from the Governor. Benjamin Wilson takes the oath of office as clerk and the business of the County Court is trans¬ acted. William Haymond is recommended a principal Surveyor which is certified. “Ordered that a way from Clarksburg to the Monongahela river at Wickwires Ford be opened and that John Davisson be the sur¬ veyor thereof, from Clarksburg to the Widow Davisson’s graveyard; James Anderson from there to Robert Plummer’s, and John Goodwin from there to the ford.” Court adjourns and the settlers of Harrison county arrive for a county picnic—games, old songs and other recrea¬ tions make the day one long to be remembered. THE FIRST JURY TRIAL OF HARRISON COUNTY The first jury trial takes place and many of the citizens remain as spectators. The members of the first jury were:— Ebenezer Petty Adam O’Brien Edom Night Alexander Davisson Francis States Louis Duval Thomas McCann Charles Llarris Hezikiah Davisson William Haymond William Tanner John Cutright Scene 2 CLARKSBURG ESTABLISHED In 1778 Clarksburg was named after General George Rogers Clark and had many permanent homes though it was not established by an act of the Leg¬ islature until 1795. The neighborhood of Clarksburg was peopled by an excel¬ lent class of pioneers of English descent and at an early period took rank as an educational center. The Town Charter is signed by the first Trustees of the town:— William Haymond Nicholas Carpenter John Meyers John McCauley John Davisson Many other promment citizens are present. Announcement is made that the charter has been received for establishing Randolph Academy and that the Rev. George Towers, a native of England and a graduate of Oxford University, has been elected to supervise the work of the school. Many of the early settlers are representd by their de- Photo by Sayre Brothers THE SPIRIT OF WEST VIRGINIA—MRS. OLANDUS WEST CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE scendants in this scene. Randolph Academy was chartered in 1787 and opened its doors to the public in 1795. Scene 3 The Indians have carried on their depredations for many years. Massacres in which the Cunningham family, the West family and many others lost their lives, have mai ked the French and Indian war period in this region The settlers are constantly alert. The Indians seem to be always lurking in the background ready to attack the colonists. One of these raids in 1788 did much damage to the Monongahela Valley and brought new terrors to the settlers. A family fleeing from the Indians rush in to the village and are protected by the people as they flee from the oncoming savages and pray for a lasting peace between the Redmen and the Settlers. Scene 4 1795 THE PEACE TREATY The Indian Tribes assemble at the call of their chiefs, Tecumseh, Logan, Puck-se-kaw, Swift-Foot, and Blue Jacket. (Cornstalk was killed in an earlier raid.) General Wayne and the settlers meet them. Puck-se-kaw (or Jumper) speaks: “My Father, I have been in the woods a long time. I was not ac¬ quainted with the good works which were transacting at this place by you and all our great chiefs. Last spring our camp was robbed and what we have done was in retaliation for the injuries we sustained. As soon as I received this belt which you sent me by Blue Jacket I arose to come to you and brought with me these four prisoners. I now surrender them to you, my Father, and promise that we will do no more mischief. Father, we beg of you to forgive and receive your repentent children.” The treaty is signed which gives to the frontier the promise of a peace that secures life and liberty, and means progress in the paths of Agriculture, Education and Industry. EPISODE V—1800-1861 PROGRESS OF THE EARLY YEARS In Agriculture, Education and Industry Scene 1 ON THE WAY TO THE FIELDS IN THE EARLY DAYS From out the vista of the dim past proceed the sturdy pioneers with their flails, crude plows, water yokes, scythes and hoes. They surely evoke from one and all the feeling that we owe much to them and their efforts. All honor and tribute to them for the durable foundation upon which our later progress could only have been built. HISTORICAL PAGEANT Scene 2 EARLY SETTLEMENT LIFE The immense forests of early West Virginia yield much lumber which is brought to the streams and rivers and sent to centers where it is needed for industry. Early families travel over the mountains with pelts and furs for barter. Real caravans proceed with their horses fitted out with pack saddles. Bags filled with feed for the horses on the way out, are filled with salt on the way back. Later when the Northwest Turnpike is developed, progress in early travel is made and carts with solid wheels cut from logs are used. Soon the covered wagons and coaches appear. When messasges of importance were to be carried swift riders were used and the horses relayed with fresh ones at intervals in the journey. Phinneas Chapin and Nancy Somerville pass through here on their honeymoon. A group of students come to enter Northwest Virginia Academy. The boys and girls play games of this period. A wedding party journeying in search of a minister arrive and the ceremony and the festivities which follow are enjoyed by all the settlers. A pioneer wedding is an outstanding social affair of these early days. Scene 3 1842 “STONEWALL” JACKSON ON HIS WAY TO MILITARY ACADEMY In 1842 a vacancy occurs in the ranks at West Point Academy. Jackson hearing of it, sets about to gain the opportunity for study which he had eagerly hoped for. His application is strongly backed by those who have learned to value his integrity and exactness. Jack- son receives word from Mr. Hayes, the member from the district, that he will do all in his power to secure the appointment. Packing a few clothes in a pair of saddlebags he mounted his horse and accompanied by a seivant, rode off to catch the coach at Clarksburg which would take him to Washington. He reaches Clarksburg only to find that the coach has already passed, but undaunted by this he gallops on—and overtakes it at another point, and arrives in Washington on time. Scene 4 HARRISON COUNTY HONORS GOVERNOR JOHNSON Harrison county gathers to honor one of its citizens—now Gov¬ ernor of \ lrgima. It is always good to meet old friends and in antici¬ pation of this event many preparations have been made including the installing of a keg of liquor in a prominent place in the square The stage horn sounds in the distance, all is ready for the visitor The stage arrives and Governor Johnson receives a great ovation-endin* with a dance and an enthusiastic pledge of loyalty from his friends ° CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE One Community—One Flag The Statehood of West Virginia PROLOGUE 9 ND now West Virginia comes into her own. The territory be¬ tween the Alleghenies and the Ohio, complacent but long con¬ scious of its neglect by the government at Richmond, out of the exigencies of war, finds a way to independent statehood. The very character of its soil, as well as its climatic conditions, had produced a different race of people. They were the product of pioneers who had braved the dangers and the obstacles of wild beasts and savage men. Always such a heroism was out of kinship with the easy-going man¬ nerisms of tidewater Virginia. These men were the volunteer sentries at the outposts of civilization. Nature was conquered with her own weapons. Lofty conditions produced lofty minds, sound bodies, a tireless energy, a daring that achieved fine and marvelous results. Isolation fostered economy, independence and virtue—in the very nature of things West Virginia, a distinct sovereignty, arose. And how fitting its motto: “Montoni semper liberi”! The state is but a unit of our wonderful country, whose splendid achievements remain ours to emulate. Today mankind has many sins and many miseries. Yet this is not a world for the selfish greed of gain, or the selfish struggle of power. It is a world for sacrifice, sym¬ pathy and honest toil—where the selfishness of self must and will be lost in the service of others. He who seeks only the advancement of self is the merest earthworm. He who lives solely for place and fame is the merest trifler. Only he shall be honored with immortality who shall acknowledge that above the desires of men move the majestic laws of God, out of which come the intellectual and the moral—the imperishable freedom of the people—the inextinguishable lights of a Christian commonwealth. —COL. GUY D. GOFF. EPISODE VI THE MEETING IN CLARKSBURG ’Twas from the strong hearted pioneers—leaders in thought as well as in action—that the creators of our state were descended. Many differences had gradually been separating the western part of Vir¬ ginia from the eastern part and when the Ordinance of Secession was passed and Virginia seceded from the Union, they could not agree. A mass meeting is held in Clarksburg with John S. Carlile as the leading spirit, where all declare themselves for the Union. The con¬ vention at Wheeling is planned “To consider and determine upon such HISTORICAL PAGEANT action as the people of northwest Virginia should take in the present fearful emergency.” Eleven delegates from Harrison county are chosen to go to Wheel¬ ing_John S. Carlile, Thomas L. Moore, John J. Davis, Solomon S. Fleming, Felix S. Sturm, James Lynch, William E. Lyon, Lot Bowen, Waldo P. Goff, B. F. Shuttleworth. The citizens send them off with great enthusiasm and the Crea¬ tors of a State voice their loyalty to the principles for which they stand. Scene 2 THE WHEELING CONVENTION Carlile proposes immediate separation. “Let this convention show its loyalty to the Union and call upon the Government to furnish them with means of defense—and they will be furnished.” Colonel Wheat protests and a strong discussion follows. Carlile speaks: “I have been honored by drawing up the resolution and this convention is called to determine upon what action the people of northwestern Virginia should take in this fearful emergency. It con¬ templates action whcih will keep us in the Union and preserve to us and to our children and to all posterity the liberties prepared for such action.” The resolution is made and passed. Prayer is offered, the “Star Spangled Banner” is sung and with cheers “For the Union” the Con¬ vention adjourns. Scene 3 THE STATEHOOD OF WEST VIRGINIA The delegates return to Harrison county and with them many other delegates on their way to their homes. The citizens of Clarksburg receive them. An ovation is given the delegates in which Little West Virginia brings the new Star to the flag. INTERLUDE 2 THE VOICES OF THE HILLS The riches of the hills and the beautiful colors of spring and autumn are developed in a dance-drama. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE PROLOGUE The Torches of Education, of Agriculture, of Industry S the vanguard pushes on into the unknown, leaving behind it a trail which the army follows, so it is with Human Progress. From the smouldering spark of the pioneer’s fire comes the flame that lights the Torches of Expansion and Development. From the log school house, with its reading, writing and the “rule of three,” education expands into academies, universities and public schools, supported by a charitable literary fund out of which springs the system of free schools, which, administered by a state-wide or¬ ganization, carries the blessings of Education to all. The small clearing in the forest with its patches of corn, gives place to large areas of fertile land producing thousands of bushels of grain and countless tons of hay. In the place of “stone coal” from small banks and oil gathered in blankets from the surface of streams for medicinal use; and natural gas used only for evaporating salt water, there has developed a coal industry, third in production and value among the states of the Union; an oil industry producing over 16,000,000 barrels of oil a year; and a gas industry that not only gives comfort, luxury and wealth to us at home and others far removed, but has also drawn to us the steel men, the glass factories and the potteries.—E. BRYAN TEMPLEMAN. EPISODE VII—1864-1900 Scene 1 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT The Spirit of Progress leads the boys and girls into Four-H ac¬ tivities. They develop their projects, but best of all they develop HEAD, HAND, HEART and HEALTH. Real men and women are developed who establish farm homes. They then begin to think in terms of group activities and bring about Community betterment through Community Scoring. Communities eagerly vie with each other to improve conditions in their schools, churches, farms, homes, etc., to raise their score to the highest point. Scene 2 EDUCATIONAL EXPANSION THE MARCH OF PROGRESS Scene 3 Clubs and organizations who are doing educational work show us their principles and their ideals of progress. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Scene 4 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT The Oil, Coal and Gas Industries and the Potteries, Glass Fac¬ tories, Steel Plants and other Industries in Harrison county show their growth. PROLOGUE The Soldiers of All the Wars Oh memory! Sacred memory! Recall anew those treasured recollec¬ tions. Refresh our minds with deeds that speak of daring, valor, and of sacrifice, For truly can it be said of the sons of this old Mountain State, With our honored host, “Bravely they fought, and well”—the soldiers of all the wars. Twas not love for spilled blood, or flying darts, or of canon’s roar, But in defense of humble cabin homes, of women, and of children young, To transfer a wilderness primeval into an abode of civilization and liberty That our strong sires blazed the way, and took their places in French and Indian wars. And when the Mother Country’s yoke of oppression, beginning to gall, Called forth the brave to defend this land for liberty and for love, Though upon the National horizon no star had appeared for this old state Her strongest sons, their muskets seized and helped to win a place for thirteen other stars. In conflicts oft’, as Eighteen-Twelve, and that of Mexico, Wherever the call to arms did come, you were sure to find the Mountaineer And when the Civil strife arose her sons must part; some in Blue, some in Gray, Honored bravery marks their deeds, for what they thought to be the right, whichever the cause. When Liberty’s bugle sounded; first from tropic clime, then across the seas Sons of Blue and sons of Grey, side by side, in comradeship marched away What to them the Demon of war with terror beneath the sea, and in the air, For truth and freedom must prevail, that God may rule and thus remove all need for wars. —REV. J. T. CARTER. HISTORICAL PAGEANT INTERLUDE 3 HONOR TO THOSE WHO DID NOT RETURN A Mourning Processional in honor to those of our Heroes who did not Return from the Battle. EPILOGUE The Passing Years The legends are told, and the curtain descends On the first scenes of this drama of progress, Where, on the stage of the years, passed before us The men and the women whose names are recorded In luminous type on pages of history. Deeds of valor we saw—of high purpose— Of fearless endeavor—and ever before, Like the light of the Grail, gleamed freedom to come. And their souls reached forth to the mountains around them, Unconsciously breathed in those manifold beauties Of wondrous dawns and of nights in the open— Expanded, as unfolds in quiet places, When touched by the wind-blown hair of fair Daphne, The first pink bloom of the rank rhododendron. ’Tis but a beginning— Theirs was the vision—to us the fulfillment. The mind of man, like a subtle magician, Changed trees of the forest and cliffs of gray stone Into great cities—smoke shrouded—turbulent. The hills and valleys revealed to the sunlight Long hidden stores of wealth beyond measure And highways of commerce are noisy with traffic Where then ran the silent trails of the Shawnees. Swift wings of airplanes now cleave the clear blue In paths where the eagle once drifted and poised, In days long ago—in paths long forgotten. Splendid the heritage—straight the blazed way That leads to a future of higher achievement— Insistent the voice of the past urging onward The spirit courageous of our West Virginia. —HOMOZELLE MASON HORNOR EPISODE VIII America, Democracy, Truth, Justice, Peace, Education, Music, Art, Drama, Literature, Agriculture, Industry, Greatest Mother in CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE the World in symbolism appear in a grouping with West Virginia, Harrison County and Clarksburg, while on the field in a great Ensem¬ ble are gathered the Patriotic, Religious, Fraternal, Educational and Civic organizations in Harrison county. We pledge anew our loyalty to our Country and sing the “Star Spangled Banner,” then in a great Recessional we enact the closing scene in THE SHAWNEE TRAIL. THE PLEDGE TO OUR FLAG I pledge allegiance to my Flag, and to the Republic for which it stands, ONE NATION INVISIBLE, WITH LIBERTY AND JUSTICE FOR ALL. Photo by Ideal Studio THE SPIRIT OF HARRISON COUNTY—MISS MARTHA DOKShA AN OUTLINE OF THE EARLY HISTORY of HARRISON COUNTY WEST VIRGINIA Prepared by THE HISTORY COMMITTEE and MISS NINA B. LAMKIN So build your community that quickened conscience, larger vision, deeper devotion and equality of rights for all men will re¬ solve itself into an enthusiastic zeal for per¬ sonal service in the community. All who give service are torch bearers. Theodore Roosevelt HISTORICAL PAGEANT Trails of the Aborigines 1745-1765 [HE records of aboriginal occupation are, of necessity, read by means of bits of pottery, arrow-heads, and like relics. For un¬ counted generations the Red Man had roamed and hunted, en¬ joyed or quarreled with his neighbors, and worshipped his God in this trans-Allegheny wilderness. Abundant proofs of his residence are to be found scattered through the valley of Hacker’s Creek (Lewis county), and its tribu¬ taries. On every hill and in every glen are to be found those mys¬ teriously pitted “cup-stones” that have been given so much notice by archaeologists. In the main valley of that creek are the sites of seven Indian villages with their adjacent burying grounds. But by far the most interesting and puzzling record left by some vanished race is the great Ash Circle, located near the head waters of the creek, on the farm of the late John W. Marple, (Upshur county). A belt of dark ashes sixty feet wide encircles a clear inner space sixty feet in diameter. The circle, when discovered, (1821), was thickly strewn with fragments of bone, mussel shell, flint chips, scraps of pottery, arrow points, and stone relics—evidently the votive offerings of a tribe that had been either exterminated or driven away. These circles are unusual in American, or Old World antiquities. All at¬ tempts to solve the riddle have been futile. The permanent aboriginal inhabitants of West Virginia will probably remain undetermined. When the first explorers traversed this region there were no per¬ manent habitations, in which this region is unique. There is a tradition among the Iroquois of fierce and bloody wars fought when they conquered all the tribes as far west as the Missis¬ sippi and south as far as Alabama. West Virginia was included in the early conquests of this New York tribe. Several battles were fought among the West Virginia hills during which the streams are said to have run as with blood. It is quite possible that the Iroquois found an unconquerable tribe in possession of West Virginia whom they ex¬ terminated. In Withers’ Chronicles of Border Warfare it is stated: “At the time when Virginia became known to the whites, it was occupied by many different tribes of Indians. That portion of the state lying northwest of the Blue Ridge, and extending to the lakes \\as pos¬ sessed by the Massawomess. These were a powerful confederacy, rarely in amity with the tribes east of that range of mountains. Vi their subsequent history nothing is known. “As the settlements were extended from the sea shore, the Massa¬ womess gradually retired; and when the white population reached the Blue Ridge the region to the west was used by the Indians as a hunt¬ ing ground, and as a highway for the warriors of the different nations in their tribal wars and expeditions against each other. Very different is the case of the last mentioned Indians, those who made this their hunting ground and war path. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE The great Algonquin Nation, which included the Delawares, Min- goes, and Shawnees, with their many sub-divisions, were constantly met with by the pioneers; and those Indians were found in undisputed possession of a land of singular beauty, of great fertility and natural wealth. Some of the greatest Indian captains, orators and statesmen were Shawnees; among whom were Cornstalk, Paxnous, Blue Jacket, and Tecumseh. The great Logan was a Mingo chief, named for William Penn's secretary, John Logan. He was a true friend to the whites until his family was treacherously murdered by them. During the hunting season the Shawnees came here in great numbers, bringing their women and children with them and remaining several months. It was on such a trip about the year 1768, that Tecumseh, the greatest Indian military genius who has lived within historic times, was born. Some time after the Treaty of Greenville, 1795, Tecumseh was in the settlements of the upper Monongahela and visited Hacker's Creek. While there he stated in conversation that he was born on that creek. The name of Chief Cornstalk once thrilled the heart of every white man in Virginia, and terrified every family in the mountains. He possessed talents of a high order. If in the battle of Point Pleasant, Cornstalk manifested the bravery and generalship of a mighty leader; in the negotiations at Camp Charlotte, he displayed the skill of a statesman, joined to powers of oratory, rarely surpassed. His dignified recital of the wrongs which were oppressing his people; contrasting their once happy and powerful condition, with their present fallen fortunes and unhappy destiny; and his reasonable proposals for regulating future intercourse between the races, de¬ servedly places his name on the roll of great men—and simultaneous¬ ly gives rise to the reflection that no greater tragedy can befall a race than that its history shall be written by its enemies. —LILY SHIRAS MORRIS JARVIS HISTORICAL PAGEANT The Coming of the White Man 1765-1774 [HE first white man to traverse that part of West Augusta, which is now Harrison county, was John Simpson, said to be a great great uncle of General Ulysses Simpson Grant. Simpson, to¬ gether with John and Samuel Pringle, came into what is now Harrison county in 1764. Pringles were said to be deserters from the British army stationed at Fort Pitt, and a misunderstanding arising between them they parted company at the mouth of Three Fork creek on the Tygarts Valley river, Pringles going up the river and Simpson going up Pleasant Creek and passing over the divide came to a stream to which he gave the name of Simpson Creek. Leaving this stream where Bridgeport is now located, he came west to a stream which he called Elk Creek because he shot an elk in the water and thus provided himself with meat. Here he made his settlement right and built a rude cabin on the south side of West Fork river, opposite the mouth of Elk Creek. Here, Withers states, he remained for more than a year and saw not one human being. His food consisted of game, fish, blackberries, service berries, plums, ramps, pawpaws, persimmons, and various kinds of nuts. The chest¬ nuts which he stowed in the ground to prevent shriveling and which he made into bread, baking on heated stones are said to have made an excellent and nourishing food. Fire was started by placing tow into the powder pan of his rifle and igniting it with the flint. After this period he made one trip to the South Branch to trade what furs he could carry for ammunition, salt and meal, and return¬ ing to his camp alone remained until he could gather a canoe load of furs. With this cargo he paddled the West Fork river to Fort Pitt where he met traders with whom he made exchange for money and food, and continued his lonely journey down the Ohio, terminating on the river in Northern Kentucky, in the vicinity of Point Pleasant, the birthplace of General Grant. His “Squatters” right he assigned to Nicholas Carpenter, and the title was perfected to Carpenter in 1781, by a commission created to adjust claims and titles to lands. Carpenter erected on this land in the year 1786, an excellent two story log house, located about four hundred feet south of the brick house standing on Milford street and now occupied by Mrs. Nathan Musgrave. This was the birthplace of Mr. J. Erwin S. Stealey, one of the oldest and most respected native born citizens of Clarksburg. The house was razed in 1886, and the stone on top of the chimney bearing date of erection was accidentally destroyed a century after it had been placed there to commemorate the building of a house which at that time was one of handsome design and strongly built. Carpentei was killed by the Indians near Marietta, in 1791. After the disagreement with Simpson the Pringles followed the Valley river to the mouth of Buckhannon river, thence up that river to the mouth of Turkey run, about four miles north of Buckhannon, where they camped in a hollow sycamore tree said to be 3 CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE circumference. The third generation of this tree is standing on the same spot as the first, having sprung from the roots at the base of the stump. Here they lived for three years and suffered many inconveniences, but nothing daunted they remained and made short explorations to¬ wards the West. On one of their excursions they discovered a stream flowing west and followed it to its mouth they gave the name to the river into which it emptied, West Fork. This was Stone Coal creek where now stands the city of Weston, and the origin of the name of Weston was Westown, a town on the West Fork. After a residence there of nearly four years, they went to the South Branch country and prevailed upon several families to come out and make a settlement. Among them was John Jackson the immigrant from London, the ancestor of “Stonewall” Jackson. It was a settle¬ ment of virile courageous men and women, such as Elizabeth Cummins Jackson, the wife of John Jackson, and from this immigration grew a community of upright, loyal and patriotic people, which supremacy is maintained to this day, and descendants of the Pringles are among this citizenship. The quarrel mentioned by writers between Simpson and the Prin¬ gles could not have been very violent, because one of the Pringles af¬ terwards went to Kentucky and married Rebecca Simpson, a sister of John, and from this alliance the mother of General Grant is supposed to have descended. The first court for Harrison county was held at Buckhannon, and was held at the house of George Jackson, son of John Jackson. Another pioneer into West Augusta and whose descendants have taken a most active part in the affairs of this state from their arrival until the present day was Morgan Morgan. Quoting the historian, Callihan: “The Morgan family is of Celtic origin—extracted from the only white race or clan that was never conquered or subdued. The word ‘Morgan’ traced back to its Cymric origin, means ‘Seabrink’ or ‘one born on the seashore.’ Glamorgan County, Wales, is situated on the coast, takes its name from the Morgans. The family is very old: mem¬ bers of it held important posts in early English history, and were pro¬ vincial rulers. The West Virginia Morgans are descendants of Rev. Morgan Morgan, of Glamorgan County, Wales. In 1726, he came to what is now Berkeley county and near Bunker Hill made the first white settlement in what is now West Virginia territory, and here It!* c h urc h in this state, the Episcopal church. His son, David Morgan, was an engineer and worked with George Washington. On one of his trips with Washington they discovered the region on the Monongahela, afterwards taken up and settled by the Morgans. It was he who had the deadly encounter with two Indians near Prickets r ort. These, after a desperate battle, he killed, and with his compan¬ ions from the fort, skinned and tanned their hides, which were con¬ verted into various articles for ‘family use/ Mi. Daniel M. Ogden, of Clarksburg, at one time owned a purse made from the skin thus tanned. F HISTORICAL PAGEANT From Morgan Morgan has sprung a family that has played a most active part m professional, political, and various business pur¬ suits, and their achievements have been potent in bringino r West Vir¬ ginia to the front rank in this great republic. Governor Morgan on May 8, 1923, signed a bill passed by the leg- islature for an appropriation of five thousand dollars to erect a monu¬ ment to Morgan Morgan at Bunker Hill, in Berkeley county. In the year 1771, John Thomas settled on Booths creek and was one of the first, if not the first, surveyor to come into this region. He made many surveys of the earlier tomahawk rights. A grapevine was carried for the chain and boundaries were properly measured and marked. The instrument used was a combination sundial and com¬ pass, his guide by night and timepiece when the sun shone. In March, 1781, the cabin of Mr. Thomas was attacked by Indians early in the evening when the family consisting of the father, mother, seven small children and a young woman whose parents had been killed by the Indians, were at family devotions. The parents and six children were massacred and scalped. The young woman, Betsey Juggins, escaped but the eldest child, a boy fourteen years of age, was carried away captive and the cabin burned. In March 1888, one hundred and seven years after the site was ploughed, and among the stones and charcoal where had stood the chimney, the sundial was discovered in a brass case. The needle still trembles on its balance and turns to the North; the triangle working on its pivot, is raised to its position and marks the time of day. This instrument is now in the possession of Samuel R. Harrison. The first settlements made by families in this section was about two years after the arrival of Simpson, and the first white child to open its eyes in this wilderness was Adam Ice, in 1767, so called by reason of being the first to perpetuate the race in this cold and un¬ grateful forest. Notwithstanding the knowledge of the great dangers and hard¬ ships that threatened life at every turn, the passion for hunting, trap¬ ping, and acquiring rich lands for homes, impelled many to risk their all among a most savage foe, and thus make habitable a land of great promise, a land that has grown into one of the most prosperous sec¬ tions of our country, and has produced men of renown in science, lit¬ erature, law, statesmanship, soldiers, the pulpit and the industries that have created great wealth and made comfortable and luxurious homes. Are we grateful for what the pioneer has done for us ? —SAMUEL R. HARRISON CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE The Call to Independence 1775-1783 first Virginia Assembly—the first representative body in America—met on June 30, 1916, in the chancel of the church at Jamestown. The business transacted was of purely local inter¬ est—the price of tobacco, and matters of self protection—and the As¬ sembly adjourned in six days. One hundred and fifty years later, when Virginia and the other colonies that followed her had grown richer and more powerful, thoughtful men saw ominous clouds gathering, and the growing tyran¬ ny and oppression of England caused more and more apprehension and resentment among the liberty loving men of all colonies. When finally the odious Stamp Act was passed by the English Parliament, Virginia was the first to make open protest; and as a matter of prudence, the act was repealed in 1766. Meanwhile, in Virginia had been growing and developing the man whose eloquence was to stir the Colonies into action. The young country lawyer, Patrick Henry, had sprung into prominence almost over night by his brilliant speech in the “Parsons’ case,” in which he declared that the Crown had no right to over-ride the self-government of Virginia. The House of Burgesses was in session when the news of the Stamp Act reached Virginia, and when Patrick Henry saw that none of the older members of the House seemed disposed to raise a voice in protest, he scribbled a set of resolutions on the fly-leaf of an old law book, and gave them to the House with a rush of eloquence that set the tone for the whole country. He declared the right of the Colonies to tax themselves; and declared that Virginians were not bound to obey the Parliament when it acted against this privilege and that anyone who advocated such obedience was an enemy of the colony. After the House had adjourned and Mr. Henry had gone home, some of the more prudent members were for cutting out that last defiant resolution, but before that was done the resolutions in their original form had been sent throughout the Colonies, and had kindled the first flame of revolution. Later, when the ministers of Parliament declared their intention of removing to England for trial anyone charged with treason, Patrick Henry’s eloquence was not needed to make Virginia unanimous. See¬ ing the temper of the Colonies, Parliament now repealed all taxes ex¬ cept that upon tea—the smallest of the taxes, retained at the express comand of the king as an assertion of his right to tax the Colonies if he so pleased. But it was precisely that principle to which they ob¬ jected; and in 1772 Virginia invited several colonies to join her in forming Committees of Correspondence, that all might be of one mind in resisting further aggressions. Lord Dunmore was at this time governor of Virginia, and for a year he refused to call a meeting of the House of Burgesses, but did so at last in March, 1773. Hearing that a royal commission was to be sent from England to look into the matter of the burning of His Majesty’s ship, Gaspee, certain of the members of the House—among them Thomas Jefferson’ FIRST SETTLERS TRADING WITH THE SHAWNEES historical pageant Richard Henry Lee and Patrick Henry—came together to concert measures for the common protection, and by the end of the year five other colonies had adopted their suggestions and the Committees of Correspondence were at work. In March, 1774, the leaders of the government in England passed drastic measures closing the port of Boston, and suspending the charter of Massachusetts, and other measures. For some reason, it was not until June 2 that the new statutes were heard of in Boston and a month before that, in May, 1774, Virginia acted upon the news, and ordered that the first of June, the day when the Boston Port bill was to take effect, should be observed as a day of fasting and prayer Dunmore promptly dissolved them for their pains but they quietly re¬ assembled in the Raleigh Tavern, and thence issued a call for a gen¬ eral Congress. This action is signed by Peyton Randolph, of Virginia, president; Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, Richard Bland! Edmund Pendleton and Patrick Henry. Every colony but Georgia was represented. Thus both sides saw that their differences were not likely to be settled without arms; and what is considered the first battle of the Revolution soon followed. The frontier in western Virginia had been steadily pushed west¬ ward, and in 1774 the Indians had already by treaty given up their claim to all land east of the Ohio river. But they saw with sullen alarm that the white man was not likely to be satisfied with this, and that he was encroaching upon Indian territory west of the Ohio and in Kentucky. The French had made use of the Indians in the French and Indian wars, and had filled them with vindictive hatred of the English—a feeling which the conduct of the frontier men was not cal¬ culated to soften. Lord Dunmore, an ardent royalist, was not averse to turning this hatred to account against the western colonists and thereby weakening their powers of resistance when the time for arms should come. An agent of his was one Dr. John Connolly, whose ac¬ tivity in stirring up trouble between the Indians and the whites has been doubted by some; but in view of the following extract from a letter of his, it would seem that there are no reasonable grounds for doubt: “By directions from Lord Dunmore I have prepared the Ohio Indians to act in concert with me against His Majesty's enemies in this quarter." Surveyors were now at work on both sides of the Kanawha and along the Ohio, locating lands for the soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian wars; while settlers were pouring into the new land, building cabins and clearing cornfields. The Indians saw this, and ex¬ perience had not taught them to trust the whites as neighbors. Sav¬ age acts and atrocities on both sides followed one after another, and the Indians were not always the first nor the most to blame. Finally after the brutal murder of the family of the chief Logan by one Daniel Greathouse (not by Col. Cresap as has often been charged and as Logan was led to believe), the Indians in their vengeance made no distinction between the innocent and the guilty, and it was soon plain CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE that armed protection for the settlers was necessary. Homes were abandoned by the score, and all who could fled across the Alleghanies. While Lord Dunmore was slowly organizing his forces east of the mountains, the settlements were calling loudly for help; and at last Lord Dunmore ordered Col. McDonald, with a force of 400 men, to attack the Indian towns on the west of the Ohio, hoping by this to drive all the warriors back across the river to defend their own homes. By July Col. McDonald was at Wheeling, ready to obey the governor. The attack upon the peaceful Indians, the destruction of their villages and houses and fields and crops, and the killing of their women and children, remind us of later wars! Now Lord Dunmore undertook to raise two armies—one to be commanded by himself, to march first to Wheeling, where were Col. McDonald’s 400 men, thence to the junction of the Ohio and Kanawha rivers, to meet the second army. This was to be under the command of Gen. Andrew Lewis, and was to march to meet Lord Dunmore’s army via. the Greenbrier and Kanawha rivers. Gen. Lewis at once set about forming his army, and his brother, Col. Charles Lewis, collected several hundred men in east Augusta county, so that in a short time 1400 men were on the march for their place of rendezvous at Fort Union (now Lewisburg), near the Green¬ brier. But money was lacking (not Gov. Dunmore’s fault this time, since the Assembly had refused to give the appropriation he asked for), and supplies were scarce, and powder and ammunition, as always, pitifully short. Even such necessities as camp kettles were hard to obtain; and what with these difficulties and the rough, unsettled country, the ab¬ sence of roads, the unavoidable delays in various parts of the army, it was necessary to stretch out the line of march of 1400 men over 200 miles. But by heroic exertions, the army was on the march toward Wheeling by the last of September. By October 6 they had reached what is now Point Pleasant, where they were to join the army of Lord Dunmore; but instead of the army, Gen. Lewis found there dispatches informing him that Lord Dunmore had changed his plans (for the fourth or fifth time), and that he would march across the river to the Indian villages on the Scioto, and that Gen. Lewis should meet him at a designated place there. Preparations were at once made to continue the march, although the army was not ready for an advance, and not all the supplies had come. The Indians, half of them being the fierce Shawnees, were under the command of the able Cornstalk. They were well supplied with ammunition and inspired by the constant war-cry of Cornstalk, “Be strong! Be strong!” They reached the banks of the Ohio soon after Gen. Lewis came. On October 17, in obedience to still another order from Lord Dun- more, Gen. Lewis lead his army across the Ohio. Cornstalk, seeing fuither resistance to be hopeless, went to Gov. Dunmore and asked for peace. Lord Dunmore’s terms were most humane and just, and the Indians agreed to them with alacrity. Had the whites kept their part of the agreement, all would have gone well and much needless suffer¬ ing and bloodshed have been spared; but this solemn treaty was soon HISTORICAL PAGEANT followed by the treacherous murder of Cornstalk, then a hostage, and his entirely innocent son, Elinipsico. This victory and the treaty that followed made it possible for the next two. years for the men of the northwest to fight west of the Alleghanies. Armed hostilities were already in progress there as a proclamation of the king (though dated later than this), shows .... or in any way aiding or abetting the persons now in open arms and rebellion against our government . . . . ” and there can be no doubt that the northwestern Indians were “as much the mercenary troops of the British as the Hessians and others.” In March, 1775, the second Revolutionary Convention met in Richmond, and it was then, standing in the pew of the historic old St. John’s church, that Patrick Henry made his famous speech ending, “I know not what others may think, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!” In 1777 occurred the battle of Ft. Henry, also reckoned as a battle of the Revolution. Ft. Henry was at first Ft. Fincastle, after one of the titles of Lord Dunmore; but after the flight of Dunmore from Vir¬ ginia, the name was changed to Ft. Henry, in honor of Patrick Henry, then governor. It stood on the site of the present city of Wheeling, and not far from the fort was the residence of Ebenezer Zane, the first settler in that region. On a day in September from 300 to 500 Indians appeared before the fort, armed by the British and lead by Simon Girty. The garrison within the fort numbered forty-two men, with an unknown number of women and girls. After fighting bravely and effectively against the besieging Indians, the supply of powder in the fort was exhausted, and a young girl, Elizabeth Zane, volunteered to go to her brother’s house, about sixty yards distant, to procure some. When remonstrated with, she said that if she were killed she could be more easily spared than a man, and she was allowed to go. Strange to say, she went and returned in safety, bearing with her, tied up in a tablecloth, the precious powder. Thus the defense was continued, and the Indians finally driven away. But Harrison county was not formed until 1784, and Clarksburg was established in 1785, so that while this section fought bravely against the Indians, and suffered much at their hands, it was too far away and too sparsely settled to have any part in the stirring events of the Revolution, unless in individual cases. As West Virginians, we claim a part .in the glory of Virginia. Virginia was the first state to adopt a constitution; the first to recom¬ mend a declaration of independence; the Declaration was written by a Virginian; George Washington, a Virginian, was the commander-m- chief of the army and became the first president of the United States ; Virginia’s men were in the field for eight long years., beginning with the battle of Point Pleasant; the men who fought this battle \veie all Virginians; “Virginia gave to the service of the Revolution the elo¬ quence of Henry, the pen of Jefferson, the sword of Washington. —MRS. JOHN A. PRESTON CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Harrison County Formed 1784-1800 X N 1734, in the reign of King Charles, the County of Orange was formed and for want of knowledge of the country west of the Blue Ridge, the western boundaries of the country were describ¬ ed as extending westerly to the limits of Virginia, and in November, 1738, under the reign of King George II, that portion of the county of Orange lying beyond the Blue Ridge to the “Western Limits” of Vir¬ ginia, was divided into two counties by a line to run from the head spring of Hedgeman river to the head spring of the Potomac river, and that part of the said territory lying to the southwest of said line and beyond the top of the Blue Ridge was called the county of Augusta. That part of Augusta county lying west of the Allegheny mountains became known as the “District of West Augusta.” The General Assembly of Virginia in 1776 passed an act dividing the District of West Augusta into three distinct counties called Ohio, Monongalia and Yohogania, and the present territory of Harrison county was left within the bounds of Augusta county, and in 1779 the mountain region of Augusta county lying on the head of Elk river, Tygarts valley and Cheat river (embracing the present limits of Harrison county), was added to Monongalia. In May, 1784, the General Assembly passed an act forming the County of Harrison out of the County of Monongalia, providing that from and after the twentieth day of July next, that that part of Mo¬ nongalia county lying south of a line beginning on the Maryland line at Fork Ford on the land of John Goff, thence a direct course to the head waters of Big Sandy creek, thence down said creek to Tygarts valley of Monongalia river, thence down the same to the mouth of West Fork river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bingamon creek, (the present Harrison and Marion line), thence up said creek to the line of Ohio county ; that a court for the said County of Harrison shall be held by the justices named in the commission of peace for said coun¬ ty on the third Tuesday in every month after such division shall take place as is provided by law for other counties; that the said justices shall meet at the house of George Jackson at Bush’s old fort on Buck- hannon river in said county upon the first court day after the said division shall take place, and having taken the oath prescribed by law and administered the oath of office to, and taken bond of the sheriff, proceed to appoint and qualify a clerk and fix upon a place for holding court in said county, at or as near the center thereof as the situation and convenience will admit of, and shall proceed to erect the necessary public buildings at such place. In January, 1800, the legislature added a portion of Ohio county to Harrison, beginning with the mouth of the West Fork river thence with a northwest course to Buffalo creek, and up the same and its main forks, and then with the line of Ohio county to Harrison, and in 1804, another portion of Ohio county was added to Harrison, extend- ing the line farther north and west so as to include a part of what is now Doddridge and Tyler counties. HISTORICAL PAGEANT Harrison county as thus formed included either wholly or par¬ tially the following named counties: Randolph, Barbour, Marion, Pleasants, Jackson, Calhoun, Braxton, Pocahontas, Lewis, Tucker, Taylor, Wood, Wirt, Gilmer, Upshur, Webster, Ritchie, Tyler and Doddridge. Thus it will be seen that the present territory of Harrison county has at various times been included in Orange, Augusta, District of West Augusta and Monongalia counties. All the records made prior to the formation of the county were a part of the records of Monongalia and were destroyed when its court house was burned in 1796. Pursuant to the act of the General Assembly forming the county of Harrison, John P. Duval, Benjamin Wilson, William Lowther, James Anderson, Henry Delay, Nicholas Carpenter, William Robinson, John Powers, Thomas Cheney, Jacob Westfall, Salathiel Goff and Patrick Hamilton, justices named by the governor in a commission, met at the house of George Jackson on Buckhannon river on the 20th day of July, 1784, and William Lowther presented a commission from his excellency, the Governor, appointing him sheriff of the county, and he entered into a bond, with Benjamin Wilson as security and took the oath of allegiance to the commonwealth and oath of office as directed by law. Benjamin Wilson was chosen clerk of the court of said county and likewise took the oath. The court being thus organized transacted the following business: William Haymond was recommended to his excellency, the Gov¬ ernor, as the proper person to fill the office as principal surveyor, and James Anderson and Nicholas Carpenter were likewise recommended as the proper persons to fill the office of coroner, and John P. Duval as the proper person to be county lieutenant, and Benjamin Wilson, col¬ onel, Henry Delay, lieutenant colonel, and William Robinson, major. On the same day it was ordered that Clarksburg be the place for erecting the public buildings for the county, and that one-quarter of an acre of land or lot No. 8, formerly belonging to Daniel Davisson be appropriated for the purpose of erecting the public buildings upon, together with one-quarter of an acre, or lot No. 7, formerly belonging to Joseph Hastings, adjoining thereto, be applied to the aforesaid pur¬ pose, and these tw r o men agreed in open court to make a deed in fee simple for said land to the present court and their successors so long as the court house and other buildings shall continue thereon. The court ordered that the sheriff summon twenty-four free¬ holders for the grand jury of inquest for the body of the county to appear at the next November court. Ordered that George Jackson, John McCally, John Sleeth, John Wilson, Cornelius Westfall, John Goodwin, Edward Jackson, Benjamin Robinson, John Prunty and Robert Maxwell are proper persons to be recommended to the governor to fill the office of justice of the peace for said county. A _ TT ~ , T u Ordered that Salathial Goff, James Anderson, Henry Delay, Jacob Westfall, Patrick Hamilton, Thomas Cheney, William Robinson and John Sleeth are appointed to celebrate the rites of matrimony. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Ordered that Charles Harris, Obediah Davisson, James Runyan, Michael Johnson, Jacob Riffee, John Currence and Mathius Whiteman be appointed constables, and to appear at the next term of court to be sworn in. Ordered that George Jackson has a good and just right to build a mill on his premises in or adjoining Clarksburg on Elk river, so that said Jackson doth not effect any other person's land. John Powers, Benjamin Coplin and Christopher Carpenter were appointed surveyors of certain roads named to be laid out. Ordered that the court do meet at the house of Hezikiah Davis¬ son at Clarksburg at the next court day, and that court adjourned until the next court day. Thus these sturdy men, clad in their rude dress of the frontier, consisting of hunting shirt, leggings and moccasins, organized the county and establishing a government for the people in the wilderness, and having discharged their duty well and intelligently, mounted their horses and, with their rifles close at hand, struck out by various paths and trails through the woods to their cabins and unprotected families. The first court house was erected on the lot at the intersection of Main and Second streets, and the jail on the opposite side of the street where the First Presbyterian church now stands. The court house was built high enough above the ground, and was built on pillows to afford a place under the same for the hitching of horses. The First Jury Trial The first court trial in Harrison county was on the seventeenth day of August, 1784, between John Wolfe as plaintiff, and Alexander Maxwell, as defendant. It appears that three witnesses were exam¬ ined by the court and judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff for three pounds and costs. The first jury trial for the county was on the eighteenth day of November, 1784, in the suit of Sarah Currence against Barbary Shaver for a trespass. The jury was composed of Ebenezer Petty, Adam O’Brien, Edmon Night, Alexander Davisson, Francis States, Louis Duval, Thomas McCann, Charles Harris, Hezikiah Davisson, William Haymond, William Tanner and John Cutright, who returned a verdict for the plaintiff for six pence damages, which in our money today is eight and one-third cents. The court in the first year of the county’s history transacted many matters of business of great importance in that day, and of much interest to the reader of the present time, but space does not here permit even the enumeration of them. Clarksburg w ^ e man known to have visited the present site of Clarksburg, was John Simpson, who located his camp on the West Fork river, opposite the mouth of Elk creek, in what is now Stealey Heights. In 1772 other settlers began to locate their land nearby, and m 1773, Daniel Davisson located and took up 400 acres on which the principal part of the town is now located. u T *!?. next year found the lowing persons settled in the neigh- HISTORICAL PAGEANT r ff P avls J? 0 £’ .Qkad la h Davisson, Amaziah Davisson, Samuel Cottrill, Andrew Cottrill Thomas Nutter, John Nutter, Matthew Nut- °^ a Hickman and Samuel Beard. At a meeting of the settlers held probably m 1778, one of the Shinns suggested the town be named after General George Rogers Clark, who had gained great fame in the Indian wars and the war of the Revolution. In October, 1795, the General Assembly of Virginia passed an act establishing the town of Clarksburg in the county of Harrison nam¬ ing William Haymond, Nicholas Carpenter, John Myers, John Mc- Cally and John Davisson, as trustees of the town, and further provided that one-half acre of ground, either in one or two separate parcels shall be laid off by said trustees, and appropriated for erecting the court house and other public buildings. Said trustees were given power to lay off as many lots, streets and alleys as to them seemed convenient for the building of said town, and that the possessors of any lots in said town shall forfeit the same, unless he build one dwell¬ ing house of at least 16 feet square, either of stone, brick, frame or hewed logs with a stone or brick chimney by the first day of January, 1790. This time was afterwards extended for three years by an act of the General Assembly, and later again extended for five years. When the town was selected as the county seat in 1784, there were two rows of cabins extending from where the court house now stands to the Jackson house east of Elk creek, the site of which is now occupied by residence of Paul M. Robinson. Clarksburg was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly passed March 15, 1849, in which act the boundaries were given and in 1870 the town authorities accepted Chapter 47 of the Code and was governed under that chapter until 1897, when the town was given a special charter by an act of the legislature. In 1917, the legislature gave the city a new charter with a commission form of government, and enlarging the boundaries so as to include the towns of Adamston, Broad Oaks, Northview and Stealey Heights, and in 1921, the legisla¬ ture enacted the present charter or city manager form of government. In the early days the manufacturing and business interest of the town was principally located on what is known now as Mechanic street, and Pike street was known as North Back street. —HARVEY W. HARMER CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Progress of the Early Years Modes of Travel © 'HE first phase of road making was the broadening of the Indian trail, by the passing of wider loads over it. (The Indian, so far as is known, never lifted his finger to make his paths better in any one respect.) The beginning of the pack horse era was announced by the need of greater quantities of merchandise and provisions in the West to which these paths led. Probably by 1750 three routes, and only three, running through Pennsylvania and New York were made broader and deeper. We speak relatively when we use the term “broader,” for it was only sufficiently so to enable the horses to meet and pass without danger to their loads, and the wider and deeper these few roads became, the narrower and softer the lesser trails became. Of this pack saddle era, little has been written, and it may be well to quote from Doddridge’s notes a description of it: “The acquisition of the indispensable articles of salt, iron, steel and castings presented great difficulties to the first settlers of the western country. They had no stores of any kind—no salt, no iron, and no money to make purchases where the articles could be obtained. Every family collected what peltry and furs they could obtain through¬ out the year, for the purpose of sending them over the mountains for barter. In the fall of the year after seeding time, every family formed an association with their neighbors for starting the little caravan. The horses were fitted out with pack saddles, to the latter part of which was fastened a pair of hobbles made of hickory withe. A bell and collar ornamented their necks. The bags provided for the convey¬ ance of the salt were filled with feed for the horses on the journey, and part of this feed was left at convenient stages on the way down to provide for the return trip. Large wallets filled with bread, jerk, boiled bacon and cheese were for the refreshment of the drivers. At night, after feeding, the horses were turned out, and the bells were opened. Each horse carried back two bushels of alum salt, weighing eighty-four pounds to the bushel. “The caravan route from the Ohio river to Frederick, Md., cross¬ ed stupendous ranges of mountains, the path scarcely two feet wide, and travelling by horses in single file, over hill and dale, through moun¬ tain defile, over craggy steeps, around dizzy heights, where one false step might hurl horse and rider into the abyss below. To prevent such accidents the bulky baggage was removed in passing the dan¬ gerous places, to secure the horses from being thrown from their scanty foothold. The horses with their packs were marched in single file, the foremost led by the leader of the caravan while each successive horse was tethered to the pack saddle of the horse behind him. A driver followed behind to keep his eye upon the whole. “The pack horses used to carry bars of iron on their backs, crooked over and around their bodies—barrels and kegs were hung on each side of these.” Photo by Ideal Studio HISTORICAL PAGEANT Wheeled Vehicles First in the van came the great clumsy cart, having immensely high and solid wooden wheels. These were obtained by taking a thin slice from the butt of the greatest log that could be found in good con¬ dition, or by being built piecemeal by rude carpenters. These great wheels would go safely wherever oxen could draw them, many of their hubs being three feet from the ground. Thus the body of the cart would clear any ordinary brook or river at any ford which horses or oxen could cross. No rocks could severely injure such a vehicle and no rut could disturb its solid dignity. These solid carts could proceed nearly on the ancient bridle path of the pack horse age. Changes were necessary, however, where marshy places were found, for the carts chose the lower ground and the road was often a veritable “slough of despond. ,, Every great road had its “wet” and “dry” route. In one of the earlier road laws it was ordered that in wet and miry places the road should be laid out “six or ten rods in width,” though ordinarily ten to twelve feet was considered a fair width. By 1785 the great freight traffic by means of wagons had fully begun across the Alleghenies at many points. It is doubtful if any¬ where else in the United States wagoners did such a thriving business as on the three or four trans-Allegheny routes between the year 1785 and 1850, and another change was necessary in the construction of the roads. The wagons and carts could not climb the heights possible for the pack horse. The lower grounds were therefore chosen, and the wet regions were made passable by corduroying—laying logs closely together to form a solid roadbed. Those in charge of the wagons of course were most interested in keeping the roads passable, and when bad spots were found, they either skirted them or “corduroyed. After the passage of one wagon, the rains would probably obliterate nis effort at road repair, and the next victim would push his unwilling horses into an “unfathomed sea.” In many cases the bottom just “fell out” and many a driver lost his load in the “bottomless pit. Since the advent of the wagon was very obnoxious to the pack horse nien, these difficulties were only the just reward of their interference with the trade of honest men! A description of the old road freighter is interesting. Its bed was long and deep, bending upward at the bottom at either end. I he lower broad side was painted blue, with a movable board inserted above painted red. The top covering was white canvass and drawn over wooden bows. Many of the wagoners hung bells on a thin iron arch over the hames of the harness. The wheels of the freighter were of a size to the rest of the wagon. The first wagons used on the old roads had narrow rims, but it was not long before the broad rims came into use by those who made a business of freighting. I he nar row rims were always used by farmers. Tolls were less for broad wheels than for narrow ones, because of the lesswearon theroadbed. (One ingenious inventor planned a wagon which would P ass th e t oll gates free. It had the rear axle four inches shorter than the tront, making a track eight inches in width.) Nine horses were hitched to this wagon, three abreast. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE The day of the freighter and the corduroy road was a brighter one for the expanding nation than that of the pack horse, and the advent of the stage coach was as much in advance of both as the steam boat was in advance of the barge in river traffic. The social disturbance caused by the introduction of coaches on the pioneer roads gives us a glimpse of road conditions to be gained in no other way. Many historians give incidents showing the anger of the more important pack horse lines across the continent, at the coming of the stage. Coaches were overturned and passengers maltreated, horses were chastized and personal property ruined, and there was no lack of debate on the question of whether the stage coach was a sign of advancement or deterioration. Mails could not be carried so rapidly by coach as by a horseman, and when messages of importance were sent, they were always sent by an express rider. The advent of the wagon and coach promised to throw hundreds of men out of employment. Business was improved, but fewer hands were necessary. Again, the horses which formerly carried the freight of America on their backs, were not strong enough to draw heavy loads on either wagon or coach. They were ponies—they could carry a few score pounds with great skill over blind paths, but they could not draw heavy wagons. So, hundreds of pack horse owners saw alarming de¬ preciation of their property when great, fine coach horses were shipped in to carry freight and passenger loads. So it has ever been—conser¬ vatism dreading the advent of progress! The stage coach era heralded the age of advanced road building, but these macadamized roads were few and far between. Many road¬ ways were widened and graded, but they remained dirt roads, and a few plank roads were built. Hosts of road and turnpike companies sprang up in the first half of the nineteenth century. When Washington crossed the North Branch of the Potomac on the twenty-sixth day of October, 1784, at McCulloch’s crossing, he was on the track of what should be, a generation later, the Virginia highway across the Appalachian system to the Ohio basin. All told, Virginia had accomplished more in the way of road building into the old central West than all the other colonies combined, but not one inch of either of these great thoroughfares lay through Virginia territory when independence was secured and the individual states began their struggle for existence. It was Washington’s dream, but he died with¬ out its fulfillment. The Northwestern Turnpike However, the beginning of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, in 1825, stirred Virginia to action, and on the twenty-seventh of Febru¬ ary, 1827, the General Assembly passed an act to incorporate the “Northwestern Road Company.” A mistake which doomed this plan to failure was the arbitrarily outlining a road by way of certain towns without due consideration of HISTORICAL PAGEANT th e nature of the country between them. When the engineers got through Hampshire county by way of Mill Creek Gap, in Mill Creek mountain, and on into Preston county, insurmountable obstacles were encountered, and it was reported that the road would never reach Kmgwood. that moment the road languished, and only the intervention ot the state saved it. In 1831 a new act was passed by the Virginia Assembly, unique in character for its provisions. This was an act to provide for the construction of a turnpike road from Winchester to some point on the Ohio river.” The governor was made president of the company, and he, with the treasurer, attorney general and second auditor, were constituted a board of directors. The roadway was soon built, and not being dependent upon the stock that might be collected in the larger towns, the road made peace with the mountains, and was built through the southern part of Pres¬ ton county, leaving Kingwood some miles to the north. At each stretch of twenty miles, toll gates were to be erected, where the usual tolls were to be collected and the sum so raised to be paid into the State Board of Public Works, and the road to be a public highway forever. In an old letter, dated September 13, 1835, written to a minister in Philadelphia from the Presbyterian church in Clarksburg, we find the following: “We have a few days since received a letter from the Rev. Mr. Fairchild, who resides at Smithfield, Fayette county, Penn., in which he states that on the Monday before the third Sabbath of November next, himself and the Rev. Mr. Stonerode, of Uniontown, Penn., will be at this place to hold a four days' meeting and administer the sacra¬ ment. It would give us much pleasure if you could be here also. If you were to leave Philadelphia on the receipt of this letter and travel by the stage, you might be at this place within three weeks of this time. Your route would be to Baltimore, to Frederick, Hagerstown, Hancock, Cumberland, Uniontown, Smithfield, Morgantown, and then to Clarksburg.” This gives a fair idea of the time it took to make the journey, as well as the fortitude of these early ministers. A three weeks' trip, by stage, to attend a four days' meeting, in a small village of “from 600 to 700 inhabitants” in a county of 15,000!! In the days when the Northwestern Turnpike was created by leg¬ islative enactment, railways were only being dreamed of, and the promoters of railways were considered insane when they hinted that the mountains could be conquered by the steam engine. But the Northwestern Turnpike was the last roadway built from the seaboard to the West in the hope of securing commercial suprem¬ acy, and its decline and decay marks the end of pioneer road building across the first great American divide. Being started so late in the century, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, which was completed to Cumberland in 1845, stopped in a large part the busy scenes of the Northwestern Turnpike. The Baltimore and Ohio depot was established at Clarksburg in 1856 at the East and continued there for forty years, and removed CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE to its present location in 1898. It does not take a great stretch of memory to recall the old “bus” driven by Edward Nuzum, which called for passengers to the depot, at any time in either day or night, and the sight of the light of this old vehicle as it came down the “pike” was a sign that the “train was in” and “all’s well!” Development of Salt Works No great production of salt was undertaken in Harrison county, though it was manufactured in small quantities in almost every county in the state. The first salt well in West Virginia was drilled by Joseph and David Ruffner in 1808 on the bank of the Kanawha river at Charleston. Before that time sale had been made there from water collected in shallow holes. As early as 1753, and no doubt earlier, the Indians manufactured salt on the banks of this river. They boiled the water by collecting it in troughs and dropping hot rocks in it. When white people first began to make salt at that place they used iron kettles in which to boil it, and in consequence, the iron and other chemicals which it contained, gave the salt a red color. It was good salt, and the belief was that red salt was the best, and buyers often asked for it and bought it in preference to the purified article. The salt manufactures became the largest in the country. It was first sold at ten cents per pound, but in 1808 the price was reduced to four cents. The furnaces were fed with wood during the earlier years, and then coal was discovered and made use of. It was for the salt wells themselves to discover their best fuel, and to be the real discoverers of the greatest fuel yet found in West Virginia. The first gas well discovered, to which any practical use was made, was bored by salt makers on the banks of the Kanawha in 1845. The borers sought salt—but found gas, and used the fuel thus found to boil the brine. The first use of natural gas in the United States was in West Virginia. John Haymond and Benjamin Wilson commenced the manufacture of salt in Braxton county in 1809, but discontinued it in 1823, when it became cheaper to buy it than to make it. A great quantity was made during the war with Great Britain. The First Church The Rev. James Sutton, a Baptist minister, came to Bridgeport about 1774, and organized the Simpson Creek Baptist church, with five members, and this organization has continued with an unbroken history to the present day, and is probably the oldest church within the state, west of the Allegheny mountains. This church grew, and in June, 1784, it was determined two meeting houses should be built, one at Bridgeport, the other on Elk Creek, (the present Hopewell church.) From its organization, this church belonged to the Ketocton As¬ sociation, until 1802, when Union Association, (with this and eight other churches), was organized, and this church has remained a mem¬ ber of Union Association for more than one hundred and twenty years. This church is now occupying the fourth church building, and has had twenty-six pastors. From its membership six other churches CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE the Ve go b sp e e n i. 0rganiZed and deVen men HcenSed and ordained t0 P^ach .^l 10 baptists were the first to organize and build a church in Clarksburg. About the same year the town took its name, the Meth¬ odists organized a church, and this organization has continued and is now known as The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Clarksburg. Stonewall Jackson In writing of these early days, we must give especial mention to the greatest of Clarksburg’s sons—General Thomas Jonathan Jackson — Stonewall Jackson,” as he is familiarly known. • T i 1 • v « ^ was a son of John Jackson and Elizabeth Cummings Jackson, whose names were among that heroic group that blazed the way for those of us who come after, in the dan¬ gerous and trying days of the Indian wars. John Jackson and his sons bore arms in the War of Independence. Jonathan Jackson and his wife, Julia Beckwith Neale, began housekeeping in a brick cottage of three rooms, in the village of Clarksburg. It was in this modest cottage that Thomas J. Jackson, one of the greatest military geniuses the world ever saw, was born on January 21, 1824. When his father died three years later, every ves¬ tige of his property was swept away, and the young widow, left with three small children, two sons and a daughter, became dependent on the assistance of her relatives for a livelihood. When Thomas was six years old, his mother re-married a Captain Woodson, but she died within a year, leaving the boy a penniless or¬ phan. To the latest hours of his life he loved to recall her memory, and her influence always remained. After her death the children found a home with their father's brother, Cummings Jackson, who owned a farm in Lewis county. Life on the farm was a difficult one, and edu¬ cation was hard to obtain, but the boy's ambition was intense to secure an education and “prove himself worthy of his forefathers." Before he was nineteen his hopes were unexpectedly realized. The Military Academy at West Point not only provided a sound and liberal education, but offered an opening to an honorable career. In 1842 a vacancy occurred which was to be filled by a youth from the district in which Clarksburg was situated, and Jackson resolved to secure the appointment. Many objected saying that he had not suffi¬ cient education to even enter the Academy, but he replied that he had the necessary application, and he hoped that he had the capacity, and he was resolved to try. Mr. Hayes, the congressman from the district, was so impressed by the courage and earnestness of the young appli¬ cant that he promised to do all in his power for him. Not waiting for further word, young Jackson determined to go at once to Washington in order that he might be ready to proceed to West Point without a moment's delay. Packing a few clothes in a pair of saddle bags, he mounted his horse and rode off to catch the coach at Clarksburg. It had already passed, but galloping on, he overtook it at Bridgeport, and arrived in due time at Washington. Mr. Hayes at once introduced him to the secretary of war, and begged indulgence for him, on account of his pluck and determination. So good was the impression that he then and there received the appointment. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Lord Roberts, commander-in-chief of the British army, said: “In my opinion Stonewall Jackson was one of the greatest natural military geniuses the world ever saw. I will go even further than that—as a campaigner in the field he never had a superior. In some respects I doubt if he ever had an equal.” Although General Jackson’s residence in Clarksburg was limited to his early childhood, he was ever deeply attached to the town of his nativity—was always interested in, and in touch with its citizens, and the happenings there. He always counted among his warmest friends so many of Clarksburg’s distinguished citizens that it would be a task to enumerate them. Jackson’s high character as a man, his sincerity, his honesty, and unswerving truthfulness, entire freedom from the slightest trace of evasion in any form, his utter detestation of hypoc- racy, his absolute devotion to his friends, his unflinching sense of justice toward an enemy, are among the traits for which his home people may well hold him in admiration. While the world honors him as a soldier, the great pride of his own people is in the sending forth from their midst one who developed into such a lofty character. At the age of 26, Jackson wrote, “Rather than violate the known will of God, I would forfeit my life—such a resolution I have taken, and will abide by it, and mean to live by it.” If General Jackson were living, he would regard as his greatest achievement the number of souls that had been led to the Master through his instrumentality in the example which his soldiers had daily before them, of a considerate, kindly commander, living a spot¬ less life among them, placing his whole trust in his Creator, leading them from victory to victory, he so endeared himself to them, that they hungered for some of that same kind of religion—they sought after it, and got it, and became invincible. They carried that same brand of religion into their homes; their kindred became imbued with it; their descendants inherited it; and thus the influence of the quiet, godly man is still at work, bearing fruit today. He loved God first, next his fellowman. He was as modest as a woman, and could be as gentle as a little child. His life was a lesson to the student, and an example for all mankind—an enigma alone to the heedless and thoughtless. The fame of Stonewall Jackson is no longer the exclusive property of Virginia and the South; it has become the birthright of every man privileged to call himself American. —MISS EMMA K. DAVIS Lumbering On the advent of the first white people into Northwestern Vir¬ ginia, the greater portion of which lies in the former confines of Harri¬ son county, nearly the whole land area was covered with primeval for¬ ests of large trees, with the exception of here and there a small plot of land, which in some manner had been denuded of its trees, and which were called by the early settlers “Old Fields.” These old fields may have been caused by fires, originating from camp fires, burning or killing the timber and ere that portion of the land could again grow its trees it probably was seized upon by the Indians or other aborigines HISTORICAL PAGEANT and planted with Indian corn or other crops, and in that manner pre¬ vented from reforestation. On the cold mountain ridges and plateaus, in the deep river gorges, and along the banks of the cool mountain streams were the cone¬ bearing trees—the hemlock, the pines, the balsam fir and the red spruce. With these, and covering thousands of acres of cove and hill and river bottoms, were the giant oaks, hickories and maples, and the famous yellow poplar, black walnut and wild cherry, intermingled with numerous other broad leaf trees, sought in after years for their valuable lumber and fruits. These trees had grown and flourished and reached maturity, like thousands of their ancestors, undisturbed and unused except by the savage races and the wild animals that then lived in this otherwise uninhabited region. When our forefathers came into this wilderness country and set themselves to the task of building homes and clearing the lands for their crops of vegetables and grain, they found the forest a great detriment if not almost a menace to their welfare, yet this same forest proved a storehouse for many of the necessities of life. While some of the trees had to be felled and burned to get them out of the way, many others were used to build their cabins and other out-buildings, yet the earliest method of getting ground for growing crops was to girdle the trees with fire, which killed them but left their giant skeletons standing, through which the sun was enabled to shine and grow and ripen the vegetables and crops required for the suste¬ nance of the settler and his family. In this manner many millions of feet of timber of the finest grade was entirely destroyed, while many, many trees were felled with the ax and rolled together and burned to get rid of them entirely. However, this timber afforded indispensible material for the construction of dwellings and the manufacture of rude implements and tools. Thus it was that the products of the forest first came to be utilized and forest industries were begun with the earliest settlements. The story of the gradual but marvelous development of the vari¬ ous industries directly dependent upon the products of the forest can be traced through years in which farms have grown wide from the first small openings and towns and cities have sprung up throughout the county. The remarkable evolution of the devices for the manufacture of lumber is one of the best measures of the development of forest and timber industries. The adz, broad axe and frow, with which the pun¬ cheons and boards were shaped for the first log houses, were the fore¬ runners of the whip saw and the old-fashioned water saw mill. I he rude hand device known as a whip saw was carried easily with other belongings of the pioneers and was used principally in the eail> days before heavy machinery could be brought in. The contrivance is thus described by KercheveFs History of the Valley of Virginia. “The whip saw was about the length of the common mill saw (referring to the saw used in water mills) with a handle at each end and transversely fixed to it. The timber intended to be sawed was first squared with a broad axe, and then raised on a scaffold six or seven feet high. The able-bodied men then took hold of the saw, one HISTORICAL PAGEANT standing on top of the log and the other under it.” The author of this history adds further on, “The labor was excessively fatiguing, and about one hundred feet of plank or scantling was considered a good day's work for two hands.” In fact, this saw was very much like the hand cross-cut saw of our present day. Whip sawing early gave place, in many sections, to the manufac¬ ture of lumber on water-power saw mills. Two types of mills belong¬ ing to this class were in existence—the sash saw mill and the muley saw, the latter introduced later was less cumbersome and capable of more rapid work. The first saw mill built west of the Allegheny mountains was built by John Minear near the town of St. George, in Tucker county, in 1776. This mill was in the original confines of Harrison county. It is not definitely known when or where the first saw mill was built in the present confines of Harrison county. The next step in the evolution of sawing devices was the introduc¬ tion of steam-propelled rotary saw mills that were capable of being hauled from place to place. Later on the great band saws were intro¬ duced, but so far as the writer knows none of them was ever in operation in Harrison county. During the years when the more primitive types of saw mills were running, the lists of these industries includes the making and taking down the West Fork river flat boats, which boats were made at many points along the West Fork river in Harrison county and were loaded with produce and articles of trade and floated down the river to Pitts¬ burgh, and from there many of them continued on down the Ohio river and even down the Mississippi river to New Orleans. Rafting logs and running them to Pittsburgh was another and probably one of the lar¬ gest of the timber industries in Harrison county. After the timber accessible from the river was cut, then large amounts of logs were cut along the smaller streams and floated down to the river during the spring freshets and there rafted into large rafts and run to Pittsburgh and there disposed of. All told, thousands of such rafts were trans¬ ported by the flood waters of the West Fork in the spring time to a ready market. Many thousands of the finest logs were cut in extra long lengths, hewn on four sides and rafted and floated to market, and sold for steam or ship timber, of which none of higher quality grew than in Harrison county. The last raft of timber known to have been floated down the West Fork river was in the spring of 1898 and was run by Melville B. Bartlett, who formerly lived near the mouth of Robinson's run. Other branches of the timber industry were the making of staves, the hoop-pole industry, tan bark, shingles, cross ties for railroads, mine props for coal mines and telephone and telegraph poles. So that the timber and lumber industries—beginning in a small way with the earliest settlements of the county, and increasing to their maximum production—have meant as much in the way of ben¬ efits to the citizens of Harrison county as any other industry carried on within its borders. W. GUY TETRICK THE FIRST WHITE SETTLERS CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE The Creators of a State 1861-1863 Q ROTECTED by nature from being overrun by a mighty flood of colonists the country on the western slope of the Alleghanies was won by sturdy, strong hearted pioneers, leaders in thought as well as m strength—’twas from the blood of these that the Creators of our state came. On these mountainous slopes no cotton nor tobacco could be grown profitably so there was little need for slaves, and the very fight for existence that these forefathers of ours had made them appreciate freedom, independence and equality. For years the social, political and economic differences had been forcing the western part of Virginia away from the eastern part and when the Ordinance of Secession was passed and Virginia seceded from the Union, the leaders of the West could not and did not agree. A mass meeting was held at Clarksburg with many people from all over this part of the country excitedly denouncing the Ordinance of Secession and declaring themselves for the Union. John S. Carlile, later a delegate to the Richmond Convention, was the moving spirit. A preamble was adopted which recited the occurrences to the present time, and a resolution provided for the bold step of a general conven¬ tion of “five delegates of the wisest, best and discreetest men” from each county to meet in Wheeling on May 13th, 1861, “to consider and determine upon such action as the people of northwestern Virginia should take in the present fearful emergency.” The eleven delegates from Harrison county were John S. Carlile, Thomas L. Moore, John J. Davis, Solomon S. Fleming, Felix S. Sturm, James Lynch, William E. Lyon, Lot Bowen, Dr. Duncan, Waldo P. Goff and B. F. Shuttleworth. A few delegates from nearby counties were W. H. Williams, C. P. Rohrbaugh, Upshur county; F. M. Chal- fant, A. S. Withers, J. W. Hudson, P. M. Hale, J. Woofter, W. L. Grant, J. A. J. Lightburn, Lewis county; W. G. Willis, Col. Lee Roy Kramer, Waitman T. Willey, Monongalia county; Alfred Caldwell, An¬ drew Wilson, Colonel James S. Wheat, Ohio county; John J. Jackson, Wood county, a distant relative of Andrew Jackson. Twenty-six counties responded to this call by sending as their representatives men whose names have gone down in history on the Roll of Fame. Delegates marched with banners displayed, on which was inscribed, “New Virginia, Now or Never.” Carlile was determined to adopt a Constitution at once and form a government for the counties represented. Two days were spent in fierce debates, reason finally prevailed and to the honor of the future state plans were laid for another convention and the committee on state and federal relations brought in a report which was a master¬ piece of diplomacy. The second convention—the Constitutional Convention—met at Wheeling November 26, 1861, and adopted the following: “Resolved, That in view of the geographical, social and commer¬ cial and industrial interests of Northwestern Virginia, this convention CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE is constrained in giving expression to the opinion of their constituents to declare that the Virginia Convention in assuming to change the relations of the State of Virginia to the federal government have not only acted unwisely and unconstitutionally but have adopted a policy utterly ruinous to all the material interests of our section, severing all our social ties and drying up all the channels of our trade and pros¬ perity.” The Constitution was finally ratified and submitted to a vote of the people April 3, 1862. It received 18,862 votes for ratification to 514 for rejection. The Virginia legislature later passed an act giving the consent of that state to the formation and erection of West Vir¬ ginia, in accordance with the requirements of the federal government. The State of West Virginia was formally approved by President Lin¬ coln and the legislature New Year's day, 1863, and became the thirty- fifth state in the Union on the twentieth day of June, 1863. —JOHN C. JOHNSON HISTORICAL PAGEANT The Torches of Education, of Agriculture and of Industry 1864-1900 'HE earlier settlers of Harrison county seemingly appreciated the importance of educational advancement and what it would mean toward advancing civilization and good citizenship among its people in this section of the state. This county ranked high in educational pursuits shortly after it was former by the Virginia Assembly in 1784. It, however, at that time extended over a vast territory, reaching from the Maryland line to the Ohio river, with a front of sixty miles on that stream, and in¬ cluding the upper waters of that Monongahela river, all of the Little Kanawha and portions of the waters of the Big Kanawha. The Randolph Academy was chartered by an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed December 31, 1787, and provided that the first meeting of the trustees should be held on the second Monday in May, 1788, at Morgantown, and “Fix upon some healthy and con¬ venient place within one of the counties of Ohio, Marion, Harrison and Randolph for the purpose of erecting therein the necessary build¬ ings for the said academy.” In the year 1793, these trustees selected a site for this instiution in Clarksburg, Virginia, near where the Junior High School building now stands, and just east of the Towers school building. The building was erected and the school started in this same year. The trustees employed Rev. George Towers, who was graduated at Oxford, Eng¬ land, as its first principal, at a salary of $250.00 per annum. On November 12, 1789, the trustees of this institution were authorized by the legislature of the state of Virginia to raise a sum of money by lottery for use of the academy, not to exceed $1,000.00. The North Western Virginia Academy was incorporated March 26, 1842, as successor of Randolph Academy, with the following trus¬ tees: Edwin S. Duncan, John J. Allen, Samuel L. Hayes, William A. Harrison, Waldo P. Goff, Charles Lewis, George Pritchard, John W. Coffman, Augustine J. Smith, Richard W. Moore, Walter Ebert, Na¬ than Goff, Dr. David Davisson, Gideon D. Camden, John Stealey, John Talbott, Solomon Parsons, Joshua Smith, Adam Carper and John J. Swayze. The academy building was erected a short distance west of the Randolph building, or on the present location of what is known as the Towers building, and was completed and opened for the admission of pupils October, 1843, with Rev. Gordon Battelle as principal. In 1866, the building was occupied by the graded schools, which have since continued. The Broaddus Female College, of Winchester, Virginia, a Baptist institution, was removed to Clarksburg, West Virginia, in 1876, and for a short time occupied what was then known as the Bartlett Hotel building, the site of which now belongs to the court house park, hay ing been purchased by the county court from Lloyd Lowndes. I he trustees of this institution caused to be erected a large brick building in what was known as Haymond’s grove, and the school moved into it. HISTORICAL PAGEANT That location now is known as Broaddus addition. This institution was moved to Philippi in the year 1909. The Salem Academy was incorporated under the laws of West Virginia, December 28, 1888, to be located in the town of Salem. The charter provided that the institution is to be subject to the regula¬ tions of the Seventh Day Baptist Educational Society, for the purpose of teaching all the various branches of learning comprising a thorough academic and collegiate course. This institution was opened April 1, 1889, in the public school building, with J. L. Huffman acting principal. Shortly after the opening of the school the trustees caused to be erected adequate and convenient buildings in the western part of the town of Salem, at which place this institution has continued to the present time. In the year 1876, a small parish school was established in Clarks¬ burg, by the Catholic Church Society, under the direction of Miss Mary White. In 1881, a colony of the Sisters of St. Joseph was sent from Wheeling and a first-class academy for young ladies was opened. Centennial Hall was erected and in it the preparatory and parish schools were taught until recent years. Harrison county made little, if any, progress with the free school system while it remained a part of the state of Virginia, although Virginia had provided for the free school system about the year 1857. At the time West Virginia was formed, its first constitution provided for the establishment of the free schools, and the first legislature en¬ acted a free school system, and Dr. Emory Strickler, of Shinnston, was elected the first county superintendent of schools. The Clarksburg graded schools were opened in the academy build¬ ing in 1866, with John Conner as principal and four assistants. The free school system grew rapidly in public favor and became a great factor in advancing civilization and good citizenship in Harrison county, as well as the state. Industrial Development About the year 1812, John G. Jackson, of Clarksburg, began the manufacture of salt about three miles south of Clarksburg, on the West Fork river. This was quite an industry for Harrison county at that time, owing to the scarcity of that product in this section of the county. About the year 1800 a man named Conrad, who lived at Bull Town on the Little Kanawha river, now Braxton county, formerly Harrison county, owned a large herd of cows, and these cows discovered a salt deposit on Conrad’s farm. This salt deposit became known as a lick, which was frequented by cattle from the neighborhood. In the year 1809, John Haymond and Benjamin Wilson began the manufacture of salt at Bull Town, and continued until 1823, at which time the salt works were abandoned. The manufacture of salt at this place was then widely known in the United States and Great Britain during the A corporation was organized in Clarksburg in the year 1841, for the propagation of the silk worm for the manufacture of silk. The HISTORICAL PAGEANT building erected and used for this purpose was located near what known as the Barnes Crossing and was called Co-coonery. was I? ^1? Jackson began the manufacture of iron near what was then the town of Clarksburg. The location of this plant was on the hilk river, just beyond what is now known as Norwood addition to the city of Clarksburg. Clarksburg foundry and machine works, (J. F. Osborn Brothers and Company), located at the Northwestern Turnpike and Main street manufactured boilers, engines, mill machinery, steam pumps etc This iron foundry was originally established in 1838, and rebuilt and remodeled by the Osborn Brothers in 1863, which is still in operation. Chronology tells us that the first mill built in Harrison county was about the year 1776, and located on the east bank of Elk creek about the present site of what is known as the Lowndes Mill. Re¬ mains of the dam of this mill may still be seen at low water mark. A man by the name of George Jackson was permitted by the county court of Harrison county to erect a mill on the site of the pres¬ ent location of what is known as the Lowndes Mill. The “Point Mills” were later erected by John G. Jackson, on the bank of the West Fork river below the mouth of Elk creek, and about one mile from the court house, or just south of what is now known as Point Comfort. Coal is found in Harrison county in large quantities and some iron ore, also limestone for both agricultural and mineral purposes; pot¬ ter’s clay exists and has been worked to some extent; sandstone of good quality for building purposes; several mines of coal were worked on a comparatively large scale for gas manufacture prior to the year 1900. There are three veins of coal in Harrison county, namely: Pittsburg, Red Stone and Sewickly. The coal of Harrison county goes to the eastern and western markets, but particularly to the former, with an exceedingly high reputation for gas; it is also a good steam generator. Compared with the Pennsylvania and West Moreland coals of West Moreland county, Pennsylvania, (which have no superior in that state), the gas from Harrison county coal is superior in illuminating power, but not quite equal to them in purity, requiring more lime in purification. The development of oil and gas was practically in its infancy up to the year 1900. About ten or fifteen years prior to that date there were a few test wells drilled for oil and gas and these wells, or the larger portion of them, produced oil and gas in large quantities, thereby promising a great future for the development of oil and gas in this county. The Clarksburg Gas Company was organized in 1871, with the following officers: Lloyd Lowndes, president; Burton Despard, vice president; Richard T. Lowndes, treasurer; Evan A. G. Smith, secre¬ tary; Lloyd Lowndes, B. Despard, R. T. Lowndes, A. G. Smith, B. r. Shuttleworth, N. Goff, Jr., N. A. Shuttleworth, Edwin Maxwell and J. F. Osborn, directors. The first gas was made and used January 19, 1872. CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE Agriculture The Indians were the first to engage in agriculture in Harrison county. They cleared the forest in spots to make corn fields, and they pastured their herds in places where natural grass grew along river bottoms. When the white men came to this county, they took up agricul¬ ture or farming where the Indians had left it, but they soon enlarged and improved this business over that of the Indians. The Indians made farming an avocation, while the white men made it their prin¬ cipal business or vocation. However, agriculture was not carried on in this county by improved and scientific methods until after the year 1900. The surface of the county is rolling and hilly, and the hills being comparatively low and the valleys wide. There is much improved land and the soil is well cultivated and fertile, being mainly a clay and cal- carious loam, six to eight inches deep on the hills and twelve to eigh¬ teen inches in the valleys and on the level lands. The principal crops were corn, oats, wheat, rye and grass. The blue grass sods over the land spontaneously, making it rank among the best grazing counties of the state. There are none better, and the hills and valleys yield about alike. Harrison stood far at the head of the stock raising counties of the state, preceding the year 1900. About the year 1883, the annual amount of animals sold for slaughter reached one-half million dollars, and the total value of all live stock reached one and one-half millions. Along in that period she also took the lead in the production of hay and stood among the first in the production of butter. In the total value of all farm productions, she stood at the head, approximating about one and one-half millions of dollars annually. Stock cattle, of all grades and ages, were grazed until ready for market. Some dealers would cut large crops of hay and winter exten¬ sive herds of mixed ages; others confined themselves to grazing. Harrison county was also one of the leading counties in the state in the production of horses. —RAY L. STROTHER HISTORICAL PAGEANT Civic and Patriotic Ideals 1900-1923 HE ideals of the citizens of Clarksburg and Harrison county for a greater and more prosperous community were considerably inspired because of the possibilities of the natural resources de¬ veloped early in this period. The immensity of the production of coal oil and gas was such as to justify the belief that Clarksburg would eventually become a city worthy of the metropolis of Harrison county. The ideals of its citizens were realized to the fullest extent, so far as patriotism and love for home, state and country is concerned, at the inception of the World War, 1914. Historians will record the fact that 4,600 young men, the very best of its citizenship, responded to the call of country and were mustered in for service in the great struggle. Nineteen hundred of these boys were listed from Clarksburg proper, the balance from the mines and farms of Harrison county. Space will not permit reviewing the activities of all of the local civic and patriotic organizations during the war period. Suffice to say that they responded nobly and citizens generally subscribed to the various loans and other war drives to such an extent as to fill Clarksburg and Harrison county’s quotas without any difficulty. Some of the civic bodies that were organized during the period, 1900-1923, part of them as the result of the war and others through the desire of being of service to the community, are the Clarksburg and Harrison County Branch of the Red Cross, formed in 1917; Woman’s Civic Club, in 1916; the Boy Scouts of America, in 1917; Rotary Club, in 1916; Business and Professional Women’s Club, in 1916; Marcato Club, in 1905; Roy E. Parrish Post, American Legion, 1919; Meuse-Argonne Post No. 573, Veterans of Foreign Wars, 1920; Kiwanis Club, 1920; Quota Club, 1922; and Community Service of Clarksburg, in 1922. The Clarksburg Chamber of Commerce, the parent civic and com¬ mercial organization of the city, is the outgrowth of the Board of Trade, organized in 1906. This organization has constantly endeav¬ ored to uphold and perpetuate the ideals of its members and citizens generally for a greater and more wholesome community in which to live and work. Its war record alone justified its continued existence. The municipal government of Clarksburg, operating under the City Manager plan since 1921, is keeping step with other modern municipalities in taking care of the needs of its inhabitants. Great progress is being made in municipal works and will continue unabated so long as the wishes of its citizens are recognized. Fourteen religious denominations are recognized in Clarksburg and its adjacent territory and with two undenominationals. This list includes the Methodist Episcopal with fifteen church buildings; the Baptist with seven structures; the United Brethren with four, the Catholic with four; the Christian church with four; the Presbyterian with three; the Methodist Protestant with three; the Congregational, CLARKSBURG COMMUNITY SERVICE the Christ Episcopal; St. Mark’s Lutheran; Hebrew Congregation; the Latter Day Saints; the Christian Science; the Pentecostal Church of the Living God, and several missions. There are over fifty fraternal and affiliated organizations in Clarksburg. The Clarksburg Order of Elks, Masonic organizations and several others have their own substantial buildings. Nearly every fraternal body or lodge of standing in the country is represented in this community, all prospering and in a flourishing condition. Clarksburg’s ideals are still high: a vision for a city greater, the building of a prosperous and ideal city. G. D. THELEEN