RY' O F T H E E'.Ar-lGEUCAL Lutheran Sy^od and /VVJNJb I ri-Kluf i I K.T A REV. G. D. BERNHEIM, D. D REV. GEORGE H. COX, D. D. THE HISTORY Evangelical Lutheran Synod and Ministerium NORTH CAROLINA, IN COMMEMORATION OF THE COMPLETION OF THE FIRST CENTURY OF ITS EXISTENCE. G. D. BERNHEIM, D. D., and GEORGE H. COX, D. D. " Remember the days of old, consider the years of -many generations : ask Ihy father, and he will skew thee ; thy elders, and they will tell thee." (Deuteronomy xxxii. 7. ) 1902. PUBLISHED FOR THE SYNOD BY THE LUTHERAN PUBLICATION SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Copyright, 1902, BY G. D. Bernheim and George H. Cox. In trust for The Evangelical Lutheran Synod and Ministerium of North Carolina. PREFACE. It was no self-assumed undertaking that the authors of this History of the North Carolina Synod prepared this book for publication. They were appointed so to do by the Synod, as early as 1897, in order that it might be, when completed, an appropriate memorial volume for the Synod's approaching cen- tenary anniversary, in 1903. It has been a very pleasant, though by no means an easy, task to collect the material and write the history of this, the third oldest Lutheran Synod in America, and the Mother Synod of the Lutheran Church in the South. Many difficulties presented themselves in the prosecution of the work, chiefly the meagreness of early records, necessitating much searching and extensive correspondence in collecting re- liable facts. Time and labor have been unstintedly employed ; no pains were spared in consulting every book and document available to us that was likely to furnish any desired information on the subject. We herewith cheerfully acknowledge our indebtedness to "Bernheim's History of the German Settlements and of the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas," " Hazelius' American Lu- theran Church," "Saunders' Colonial Records" in the Wil- mington, N. C, Library, "Mann's Halle Reports," the "Helmstaedt Reports," " Rumple' s History of Rowan County," and last, but not least, the entire set of the printed Minutes of the North Carolina Synod, from 1S03 to the present time. With just and generous appreciation of what other Synods have accomplished, we feel assured that all who read these pages will be convinced that, under Divine blessing, the North Caro- lina Synod has been no unimportant factor in carrying on the work of the great Lutheran Church in America. IV PREFACE. If, by the reading of this History, the present and future members of the North Carolina Synod will be inspired to carry on the work of ministering at her altars with the pure Word and Sacraments, and extending her church work as faithfully as their predecessors have done, the authors will be fully satisfied that their labor has not been in vain. May God's blessing rest upon this History of our time-honored Synod, and may we all more and more be enabled to sing : "My Church, my Church, my dear old Church; My fathers' and my own." G. D. Bernheim, George H. Cox. CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER I. Early Colonial History 9 CHAPTER II. The Life and Labors of the First Lutheran Ministers in North Carolina 12 CHAPTER III. The Causes That Led to the Organization of the North Carolina Synod 21 CHAPTER IV. Confessional History of the Synod 27 CHAPTER V. Territory and Growth of the Synod 35 CHAPTER VI. The Rupture of 1S19 and 1S20 42 CHAPTER VII. The License System 52 CHAPTER VIII. The Synod's Connection With the General Bodies of the Church 5S CHAPTER IX. The Educational Work of the Synod 64 VI CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER X. The Catechetical and Sunday School Work of the Synod 75 CHAPTER XI. Miscellaneous Matters of Interest 79 CHAPTER XII. The Missionary Operations of the Synod 85 CHAPTER XIII. Retrospective and Prospective 94 CHAPTER XIV. Sketches of All Congregations Now Connected With the Synod 98 CHAPTER XV. Noteworthy Transactions of Synod 155 CHAPTER XVI. A Tabulated Sketch of Every Minister That Has Ever Been Connected With the Synod 164 CHAPTER XVII. The Growth of the Synod in the Number of Its Min- isters 178 CHAPTER XVIII. A Summary of Parochial Reports 180 CHAPTER XIX. A Summary of Financial Reports 182 CONTENTS. Vll PAGE CHAPTER XX. A Table Showing When and Where the Different Syn- odical Meetings Were Held 184 CHAPTER XXI. The Officers of Synod 188 CHAPTER XXII. A Table Showing the Work of the Board of Church Extension 190 CHAPTER XXIII. A Table Showing the Statistics of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society 191 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D Frontispiece Rev. George H. Cox, D. D Facing frontispiece Julia Carolina University, Helmstedt, Germany, where Rev. C. A. G. Storch was Educated 17 Rev. Daniel J. Hauer, D. D 55 Rev. Daniel I. Dreher 61 Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 67 North Carolina College, Ml Pleasant, N. C 71 Mont Amoena Female Seminary, Mt. Pleasant, N. C . . . . 72 Rev. Jacob Scherer 87 Rev. Paul Henkel and Wife 88 Organ Evangelical Lutheran Church, Rowan County, N. C 119 St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Salisbury, N. C. 126 St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Cabarrus County, N. C 129 St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Wilmington, N. C 134 St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church and Parson- age, Charlotte, N. C 143 St. James' Evangelical Lutheran Church, Concord, N. C. 146 HISTORY Evangelical Lutheran Synod NORTH CAROLINA. CHAPTER I. EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. The history of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina naturally begins with the history of the first Lutheran settlements in that wilderness, then but recently vacated by the Indians, now known as the Piedmont section of North Carolina. Early records of colonization are few, difficult to find, and, when found, meagre in the narrative of facts that we most desire to know. But careful research makes it tolerably certain that the first German settlements in the Piedmont section were made in those localities now known as Rowan and Cabarrus Counties, about the year 1747. "Saunders' Colonial Records" state that, in the year 1755, Governor Arthur Dobbs visited these localities and found twenty-two families of Germans and Swiss, who had settled there some seven or eight years previously, that is, about 1747. This antedates the settlement of the Moravians in that part of the State now known as Forsythe and other counties, as we learn from the life of their bishop, Spangenberg, who began the first (9) ^ IO HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. survey of the Wachovia tract in 1752, preparatory to the settle- ment of the Moravian colony, in 1753. These families, the children and descendants of the original German settlers of Pennsylvania, had left their homes and their kindred in search of farm lands that could be more easily ac- quired than in the older settlements. No doubt news of their success had been carried back to their relatives, friends, and neighbors, and very soon, during the years that immediately followed, the emigrant wagon train of these hardy Germans wound its way down the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania, through the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, over the rugged steeps of the Blue Ridge Mountains, into the inviting forest lands of North Carolina. " These German settlers were all industrious, economical, and thrifty farmers, not afraid nor ashamed of hard labor, and were soon blessed with an abundance of everything which the fertile soil and temperate climate of that portion of North Carolina could furnish them. As they were all agriculturists, they gen- erally avoided settling themselves in towns ; uninformed in the ways of the world, ignorant of the English language, and un- acquainted with the shrewdness necessary for merchandising, yet well informed in their own language and well read in their Bibles and other devotional German books, they remained at their own country homes, and enriched themselves with the pro- ductions of the soil." * The country to which they had come was an unexplored and almost impenetrable wilderness, in which many wild animals still were found, and which had but very recently been inhab- ited by none but the wild red man of the forest. The new colonists had before them very much hard work to be done, with nothing but their own strength and skill to ac- complish it. Forests were to be felled ; the wilderness of nature to be subdued ; the ground to be cultivated ; the wild animals of the forest to be conquered ; homes, school-houses, and churches to be reared ; and all the many things necessary to make a home in the wilderness. * Bernheim's History. EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. I I Prominent among their noble qualities was their religion ; and hence, amidst their homes, they built their churches and organized their congregations. St. John's, in Salisbury; Zion, commonly called Organ Church, on Second Creek, Rowan County ; and St. John's, on Buffalo Creek, in Cabarrus County, were the original mother-churches. These congregations were organized and their primitive houses of worship were erected very nearly about the same time. Their people were as one family. With the exception of Rev. Nussman, who died in 1794, their first pastors were the original organizers of the Synod, and the members of these congregations its bone and sinew. For many long years they were without regular pastors, having only the services of such preachers as might happen to pass through the country. In the older settlements, from which they had emigrated, there were but few Lutheran ministers, and none at all to spare. In America, at that early period, there were no schools or seminaries for the education and training of min- isters of their faith, and hence the only source from which to obtain pastors was the mother-church, in Germany, necessitat- ing a tedious and dangerous voyage in a sailing vessel across the ocean. Thither they turned, and with blessed results, for in 1773 came their first regular pastor, the Rev. Adolphus Nuss- man. Accompanying him was the school teacher, J. Gottfried Arends (Arndt), who, two years later, was ordained to the Gospel ministry. Then again, in 1788, came the Rev. Carl August Gottlieb Storch, in response to a call from Nussman for help in his work. These labored sedulously, in season and out of season, not only in the congregations of which they were pastors, but reaching out in all directions, traveling thousands of miles, through mountains and valleys, in all seasons of the year, covering an immense territory, organizing congregations wherever it was possible ; selecting, fitting, and preparing young men for the Gospel ministry, ordaining them to the same, and thus laying the foundations of the great work that has followed them, and that stands to-day as a lasting monument. to their ability, wisdom, and faithfulness. CHAPTER II. THE LIFE AND LABORS OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN MINISTERS IN NORTH CAROLINA. The immigration of German Lutherans to America began about the year 1680 ; the account of the Swedish and Dutch Lutherans not being included in this history. In a few years they made permanent settlements in New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Delaware, and North Carolina. Most of them had left the old Fatherland because of religious persecutions, and had come to the newly colonized country in search of freedom to worship God. They were, generally, very destitute in the things of this world, many of them being so impoverished by the war of the Spanish Succession as to be dependent upon the charity of Queen Anne of England, and the liberality of others, for both their passage across the ocean and for their sustenance for a time after arriving in America. Very few pastors of their own faith came with them, so that for long and wearisome years most of them were without any religious privileges, and their children without the opportunities of securing an education. The beginnings of the Lutheran Church in America were very small. The few pastors that were located here were men of ability, of strong faith and much physical endurance, but they could not cultivate the immense field, "White to the harvest," that was spread out before them. The demands upon them were greater than they could possibly meet, and hence constant ap- peals were sent to the mother-church in the Fatherland, the only source from which help could come. But it was a long, weari- some, and hazardous journey across the ocean in those days, and pastors who were willing to leave home and friends and sever the ties of relationship, and then undertake the long journey to labor in the wilderness of America, were not easily to be found. (12) LIFE AND LABORS OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN" MINISTERS. 1 3 Hence, although the population of the newly established col- onies rapidly increased, both by natural growth and by immi- gration, the increase of pastors was not in like proportion. Before the Revolutionary War there were in the whole terri- tory now occupied by the United States very few Lutheran ministers, probably not more than twenty-five, serving congre- gations that were scattered all the way from Maine to Georgia. In North Carolina, for more than a quarter of a century, the German settlers were without any regular pastors, and were de- pendent for the occasional administration of the Word and sacra- ments upon any preacher who might happen to pass through the country. Their school teachers would occasionally read a sermon for them, bury their dead, and, in extreme cases, baptize their chil- dren, but the congregations were wholly without regular pastoral care during all those years. Then, in 1772, after careful and, no doubt, prayerful consid- eration, Organ Church, of Rowan County, and St. John's Church, of Mecklenburg (now Cabarrus) County, after having unsuccessfully tried to secure a pastor from the older settlements in Pennsylvania, determined to send a delegation to the Father- land to appeal to their countrymen and brethren in the faith to send them a pastor, school teacher, and such pecuniary assist- ance as they needed to sustain them in order that they might have the Bread of Life broken to them in their own language, and by a pastor of their own faith, and also that their children might be instructed in the ways of righteousness, as well as to be taught, at least, the rudiments of a literary education. Accordingly, Christopher Rintleman of Organ Church, and Christopher Layerly of St. John's Church, two brave, honest, and consecrated men of God, representing sixty families, un- dertook the long and hazardous journey, at their own expense. Leaving their homes in 1772. they traveled, on horseback, to Charleston, S. C, and there took passage to Europe in an ordi- nary sailing vessel. In the execution of their commission they first visited Lon- don, in England, and then went to Hannover, in Germany, and 14 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. so earnestly and successfully did they present the petition of their constituents that they returned in 1773, bringing with them the Rev. Adolphus Nussman, as their pastor, and Mr. John Gott- fried Arends, as their school teacher, besides numerous and valuable gifts to their congregations, and promises of continued financial aid. Thus the Rev. Adolphus Nussman became their first pastor, and the pioneer minister of the Lutheran Church in the province of North Carolina. Born in Germany, in 1737, he was just in the prime of life. A convert from Roman Catholicism, a ripe and thorough scholar, a devoted and consecrated Christian, and an earnest and faithful preacher of the Gospel, he soon became very popular, winning the praise, admiration, and love of all who knew him. For twenty-one years, reaching through the stormy period of the Revolutionary War, he was instant in season and out of season, toiling amidst untold trials and difficulties, until God called him up higher. He was buried at St. John's Church, where, for twenty years, he had been the zealous and faithful pastor. Two years after their arrival, that is, in 1775, the school teacher, Arends, was examined and publicly ordained by Rev. Joachim Buelow, of South Carolina. The ordination took place in Organ Church, August 22d, 1775. Thus we learn that the Rev. Arends was the first Lutheran minister ever ordained in North Carolina. These two, Nussman and Arends, for twelve long years, labored together throughout the territory now known as the counties of Rowan, Cabarrus, Lincoln, Catawba, Iredell, Stokes, Davidson, Guilford, and other sections of the country. Arends was the second pastor of Organ Church, succeeding Nussman immediately upon his ordination, and serving the con- gregation for ten years. He was a native of Gottingen, in Ger- many, and when he came to America was about thirty-two years old. He was fully prepared for his work of teaching, as is at- tested by the credentials, which he brought, of which the follow- ing is a translation : LIFE AND LABORS OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN MINISTERS. " Certificate of John Gottfried Arends as School Teacher to North Carolina, October i6th, 1772. " Of his most serene Highness, most mighty Prince and Lord, Lord George the Third, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Liineburg, Arch Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire, and Elector, etc., real Privy Counselor and authorized President of the Royal and Electoral Consistory of this place, also of the Counselors of the Church Consistory, certifies herewith that the bearer of this, John Gottfried Arends, of Gottingen, in compliance with the desire of the Evangelical Lutheran congre- gation in North Carolina, namely, in Rowan Countv, to have a capable school teacher ; and to this end, according to the at- testation of the Governor, has sent deputies, and his royal Majesty and Electoral and serene Highness, our most gracious Lord, has commanded us to be serviceable to them ; after due examination for such an office, found him to be experienced, he also having promised, according to the custom of this country and the published appointment for a future school teacher, to conduct his office with all fidelity and diligence, and manifest obedience toward his pastor, modesty toward the congregation, and love for the children. " On the other hand, we do not doubt that the congregation will amply remunerate his serviceable labor, and make his stav, as well as that of the pastor, agreeable. " However, should he desire to return, and be able to do so, then we promise him a proportional school service in this country according to the measure of his deportment and the time of his service, provided he has labored six years, at least. " In testimony whereof we have affixed the royal and elec- toral seal and signature of the Consistory. "Given in Hannover, the sixteenth day of October, 1772. " Respectfully, " Kauff. " ( LARGE ) (. SEAL, j For two years he taught the children of the congregation, and then, upon the request of the congregation and with the ap- proval of Pastor Nussman, was ordained to the Gospel ministry, 1 6 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. on the eleventh Sunday after Trinity, 1775, as * s attested by his ordination certificate, of which the following is a translation : " Second Creek, Rowan County, N. C. ] "August 28, Anno Christi, 1775, r "Being the Eleventh Sunday after Trinity. J " The Rev. Mr. John Gottfried Arends has been examined by me, the Inspector over South and North Carolina, in the presence of several deacons, and thereupon ordained before the whole congregation, at their request. " The above-mentioned John Gottfried Arends is now, from this date, a regular Evangelical Lutheran pastor and minister. We recommend him, therefore, to the kind reception of all Christians at the North, and heartily wish that he may, as a friend of the Bridegroom, bring many souls to the marriage sup- per of the Lamb, and wait faithfully upon his office ; also, with exemplary life and pure doctrine, bring all the straying and de- ceived back to the fold. " This witnesseth out of love for the truth and its undoubted attestation. "Signed, Joachim Buelow, " Missionary and Inspector over South and North Carolina." During his ten years' service as pastor of Organ Church, he made numerous missionary tours, visiting scattered Lutherans, preaching the Word to them, baptizing their children, confirm- ing their young people, and organizing congregations wherever it was practicable. But his chief work was in Rowan County, until the close of the Revolutionary War, when, in 1785, he re- moved to Lincoln County and became the founder of the Lutheran Church in all of that territory lying west of the Catawba River. There he labored unceasingly until July 9th, 1807, when, being sixty-six years, six months, and twenty-eight days of age, worn and weary and blind, he passed triumphantly over into the land of eternal bliss, leaving as legacy, to the Church and his posterity, an enduring reputation for piety, humility, and zeal. He was buried beneath the old " Dutch Meeting-house," in Lincolnton. A tombstone marks the sacred spot, upon which is carved an easje, thirteen stars, and the motto of the then new JULIA CAROLINA UNIVERSITY, HELMSTEDT, GERMANY, WHERE REV. C. A. G. STORCH WAS EDUCATED. LIFE AND LABORS OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN MINISTERS. I 7 Republic, "E. PluribusUnum," and the following inscription, in " old German :" ''Here rests the body of the Rev. John Gottfried A rends. Having been a true Evangelical Preacher, and died July 9th, 1807, at the age of sixty-six years, six months, and twenty-eight days, of a kind of consumptive disease, after faithfully ad- ministering the office of preacher for thirty-two years. " ' Blessed are all those who die, like thou : They, to the rest of heaven, shall come.' " ' Remember, man, as you pass by, As you are now, so once was I ; As I am now you soon shall be, Therefore prepare to follow me.' " The Rev. Charles Augustus Gottlieb Storch was born, edu- cated, and ordained in Germany. In response to repeated calls from Nussman, at length, in 17SS, the Helmstaedt Missionary Society sent the Rev. Storch to his assistance. He was a man of remarkable ability, having a thorough university training, a close and painstaking student, and was well versed in all ques- tions of doctrine and Church polity then claiming the at- tention of the Church. For forty-three years he was the recog- nized leader of the Church in the South, and also exerted a strong influence in other parts of the country. Such was his scholarship that it was said he could converse fluently in five or six different languages. His life was full of labors for the Mas- ter, and men bestowed high honors upon him. In 1 8 14 he was called to St. John's Church, in Charleston, S. C, but he de- clined the call, thereby endearing him all the more to his con- gregation in Rowan County. He died March 27th, 1S31, in the full triumphs of a living faith, and was buried in Organ Church graveyard. In the language of Dr. Rumple, a Presbyterian minister, in his " History of Rowan County," X. C, " His long service of more than forty years, including the critical period of his people's transition from the use of the German to the use of the English language, did much to preserve Lutheranism from decay and extinction in Rowan County. It is because of his labors, 15 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. doubtless, that the Lutherans are, at the present day, equal in numbers to all other denominations together in this county." In the year 1787 Rev. Nussman's heart was gladdened in be- ing permitted to welcome another laborer into the mission field of the Lutheran Church in North Carolina. This was the Rev. Christian Eberhard Bernhardt, a native of Stuttgart, in the kingdom of Wiirtemberg. He was ordained in Wurtemberg, about 1785, and came to America in the year 1786. He landed at Savannah, and then proceeded to Ebenezer, Ga., where he remained twelve months. In 1787 he went to Rowan County, N. C, and labored among the churches there one year, doubt- less in that part of the county east of the Yadkin River, now known as Davidson County. In 1788 he took charge of the congregations in Stokes and Forsythe Counties, which had been organized and frequently visited by Rev. Nussman. Here Rev. Bernhardt was married, but the records do not mention the name of his wife. One year later he removed to Guilford County, where he remained to the close of the year 1800, when he accepted the call to become the pastor of Zion's and several other Lutheran churches in Lexington District, S. C. There he served until August 27th, 1809, when he passed over the river of death and entered into the land of eternal rest. He was a good and true servant of the Lord and did faithful work in His vineyard. Rev. Arnold Roschen was born, educated, ordained, and married in the city of Bremen, Germany. He came to America in 1788, arriving at Charleston, S. C, on the twenty-eighth day of November. He remained in Charleston ten weeks and then spent two weeks in his overland trip to North Carolina, arriving February 20th, 1789. His work was in Davidson County and his home was near Beck's Church, now belonging to the Ten- nessee Synod. Very little is known of him, except that he re- mained here but about eleven years, returning to Germany some time in 1800. Rev. Robert Johnson Miller was born and educated in Scot- land. He came to America in 1774, one year after the arrival of Revs. Nussman and Arends. He located in Charlestown, LIFE AND LABORS OF THE FIRST LUTHERAN MINISTERS. 1 9 Mass., engaging in mercantile business until the opening of the Revolutionary War, when he enlisted in the American army. The close of the war found him in Virginia, where, in 1784, he joined the Methodist Church and was licensed as a Methodist preacher. Laboring as such, he eventually came to North Caro- lina and preached in some of the western counties. About the year 1786 he became lay reader for the Whitehaven congrega- tion of Lincoln County. This was an Episcopal congregation, composed of Episcopalians, Lutherans, and, possibly, German Reformed. The congregation had been dependent upon Rev. Arends for the administration of the Word and sacraments, but now, as related in another chapter, Miller was ordained, upon the petition from this congregation. For twenty-two years he labored as a Lutheran pastor, faithfully serving several Lutheran congregations. Once he was elected President and thrice as Secretary of the Synod, and in 1S21, when he withdrew from the Lutheran Church, the President of Synod, Rev. G. Schober, in the name of the whole Lutheran Church, tendered him thanks for his many years of faithful service. He died in 1834, having lived a long and useful life in the service of the Master. The Rev. Paul Henkel was a great-grandson of Rev. Gerhard Henkel, who was one among the very first Lutheran ministers to come to America. He was born near where Salisbury now stands, in 1754, or about seven years after the first German set- tlements, and forty-nine years before the organization of the North Carolina Synod. In 1760 the family removed to Vir- ginia. When a young man, about twenty-two years old, he- began preparing for the Gospel ministry, under the instruction of the Rev. J. A. Krug, of Fredericktown, Md. He was ex- amined and licensed by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, and. afterward ordained by the same body, in Philadelphia, Pa.,. June 6th, 1792. He labored zealously, faithfully, and accept- ably in different parts of Virginia until 1S00, when he accepted a call to work in his native State. For five years he labored in Rowan and adjoining counties and then returned to Virginia, where he died on November 27th, 1825, loved and lamented by all who knew him. 20 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Such were the men who, under God, were the pastors and leaders of the churches in North Carolina, prior to and reaching up to the organization of the Synod, in 1803. In intellectual attainments and culture they were giants in their day and gen- eration ; in their pastoral aptitude and faithfulness they have never been excelled ; and their pulpit eloquence and power were such that vast congregations gathered to hear them, and many hundreds of souls were brought, under their ministration, to the saving knowledge of the truth as it is in Jesus. They were not confined, in their labors, to any geographical limits ; the whole country, destitute of the means of grace, was their pastorate, and all needy souls their care. Broadly, deeply, and firmly they laid the foundations of many congregations in different States : some in North Carolina, South Carolina, Vir- ginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and even in Indiana and Ohio. Their business was hunting for perishing, lost souls ; feeding them upon the blessed word and sacraments ; and instructing and confirming the young and old in the glorious faith " Once delivered to the saints." Long years ago their earthly toils were ended and they entered into that " Rest that remains to the people of God." Their blessed memory is with us, and the fruits of their labor we see all around us. God help us to follow them in their zeal and fidelity. CHAPTER III. THE CAUSES THAT LED TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. » During the fifty-six years that intervened between 1747, the time of the first German settlements in the Piedmont section of North Carolina, and 1S03, the time of the organization of the North Carolina Synod, many important events and changes had taken place, both in Church and State. Many of these events were fraught with deep interest and vital consequences. When we read of the trials and difficulties, labors and sacri- fices, privations and sufferings of those few pioneer pastors of our Church in North Carolina, it seems hardly credible that they could have endured so much and accomplished such really ^reat things as they did. Suppose, for example, that Nussman and Arends and Storch, like some others, had become discouraged and disheartened, and had abandoned the field, what would have been the conse- quences ? Certainly the progress of our Church would have been retarded for years, and, possibly, her destruction accom- plished by her members being carried over into other folds, as was the case, in some instances, in other parts of the United States. Among the causes leading up to the organization of the Synod was the Revolutionary War, with its attendant influences and results upon Church and State. The period just preceding the outbreak of the war was full of encouragement and hope to the German settlers. They had had many and severe struggles during the first years of their settlement in North Carolina, but at length, under the blessings of the Almighty, temporal success had crowned their efforts : peace, prosperity, and happiness were theirs to a greater extent, and in a higher degree, than ever before. So, too, the conditions and prospects of the Church of (21) 2 2 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. their love were brighter and more promising than they had ever been. Under the energetic, persevering, and faithful labors of their pastors, congregations had been organized and churches were being erected wherever there were Lutherans suf- ficient to justify the step, and, notwithstanding the immense amount of labor necessary to do so, these congregations were being faithfully served, and were growing in numbers, works, and fruits. True, there still were only a few pastors to occupy and cultivate the wide and growing field ; but, few as they were, they made up for the lack in numbers in their faith, zeal, and perseverance. Through the instrumentality of their pastors, an interest in the colony, and especially in their churches, had been created in the parent Church in Germany. And, as a result, men and means had already been sent over, and there were prospects and promise of continued assistance in the near future, so that the colonists confidently and joyfully looked forward to the time when they would be fully provided with pastors and teachers to supply all their spiritual needs. But, alas ! how soon were all these bright prospects blasted ! The colonies were plunged into a bloody and heroic struggle for liberty, that lasted for eight long years ; and that, when ended, although liberty and inde- pendence were secured, it left behind evil results, from which it took them many more years to recover. No matter how grand and inspiring the end contemplated, nor how glorious the final results, war is always a calamity. It inevitably brings death and destruction to both life and property. To the colonists in North Carolina, just emerging from their long and severe struggle, it came with blasting effects. Divi- sions were created between neighbors and friends, and even in families ; their hard-earned and closely husbanded means were, in a measure, swept away ; all progress and improvements ceased ; and the bright prospects, so lately theirs, disappeared like mist before the rising sun. Not only so, but under the baneful in- fluences of the war, the faith and morals of the people became unsettled ; the means of grace were partially, and, in some ocalities, wholly neglected ; resulting in apostasy, skepticism, CAUSES THAT LED TO THE ORGANIZATION. 23 and reckless infidelity. Rationalism also reared aloft its ser- pent head until, as a natural result, there was a breaking away from the old moorings of faith, and a corresponding godlessness and immorality of life. Our Lutheran colonists were not an exception to the general rule ; and hence the old Lutheran faith suffered, and the old symbols of that faith were set aside by many as old and effete ; or, if acknowledged at all, with such mental reservations as would eventually, if allowed to continue, have completely undermined and destroyed them ; while under the alluring name of liberty, church discipline was ignored and despised until the Rev. Storch was forced to admit that " Party spirit has risen to a fearful height. The prevalence of infidelity, the contempt of the best of all religions, its usages and servants, the increase of irreligion and crime, have occasioned me many sad hours. ' ' Another consequence of the war, already telling so heavily upon our colonists and the Church, was the withdrawal of pecu- niary aid and the furnishing of pastors by the Consistory of Hanover, in Germany, under whose supervision the churches in North Carolina had been, ever since the commissioners from Organ and St. John's congregations had laid their needs before it, in 1772. During the eight years of the war, all communication with Germany was, of course, interrupted. And after the war, the Consistory of Hanover became indifferent to the necessities of the churches in North Carolina, because George III., of the house of Hanover, was the reigning King of England, and the Consistory of Hanover naturally was antagonistic to the inde- pendence of the American colonies. Finally, they transferred them to the supervision of the Helmstaedt Mission Society ; otherwise the churches might have dwindled away and died. Even with this help the churches were reduced to a feeble and impoverished condition, from which there seemed, at that time, but little hope of recovery. It is one of the peculiarities of mankind to run from one ex- treme to another; and, true to nature, in 1800 and 1801, in the turning away from infidelity and rationalism, that had become 24 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. so widespread and devastating in its results, there swept over the land a tide of fanatical revivalism, of a character and de- monstration never known nor heard of before, causing wonder and surprise among both pastors and people, and resulting in a confusion of mind and a division of opinions. The German churches for a time, at least, governed by the wise counsels of their pastors, refrained from participation in the wild and extravagant doings of those around them. But seeing their neighbors and associates, under the influence of preaching and praying, so strangely and powerfully affected, and finding that even their own pastors did not understand this emotional religion and were unable to explain it to them, it is no wonder that they, too, at length, yielded to this mysterious influence, and were carried into the movement even, perhaps, against their own better judgment. The German Lutheran pastors were not, at first, agreed as to the worth and reliability of these new measures, and, naturally enough, felt the need of an organization, that would bring them into more intimate communion with each other, and be as a bond of union among them ; some kind of an organization through which they could meet and consult with each other, and thus protect themselves and their people against false views and erroneous practices as they existed around them. So, also, they realized the need of more pastors, and the difficulty in ob- taining them from Germany, hence the necessity of some kind of an organization among themselves that would not be under any foreign supervision, but have power and authority to ex- amine applicants for the ministerial office, and, when found qualified, ordain them. This was impressed still more forcibly upon them by the remembrance of the petition that had been presented to the Lutheran pastors of Rowan and Mecklenburg Counties, asking them to examine and ordain Robert Johnson Miller, in order that he might serve certain churches in Lincoln County. In compliance with the wishes of the petitioners, a meeting was called at St. John's Church, Mecklenburg County, for May 20th, 1794, and then and there was held the first ecclesiastical assembly of the Lutheran Church of North Car- olina. CAUSES THAT LED TO THE ORGANIZATION. 25 All the Lutheran pastors, Nussman, Arends, Storch, Roschen, and Bernhardt, were present, participated in the examination and ordination of Mr. Miller, and signed their names to his certificate, which, in a mutilated form, is still in existence.* The salient points in connection with this ordination are that previous to this time, Mr. Miller had been licensed by the Methodist Church to preach the Gospel ; that as such Methodist licentiate he had been preaching to an Episcopal congregation ; that those Episcopalians were highly pleased with him, and, there being no Episcopal Diocese in North Carolina at that time, peti- tioned the Lutheran pastors for his ordination ; and that that Lutheran Ecclesiastical Assembly, fully satisfied with his exami- nation, did ordain him to the Gospel ministry, he always to be obedient to the laws of the Episcopal Church. Thus he was the second pastor ever ordained by the Lutheran ministry in North Carolina. If there was any other business transacted at that meeting at St. John's, we have no record of it. And yet we can easily imagine that they must have consulted with each other, talked over the condition of the churches, and of their need of closer relations and more frequent intercourse. But, strange to say, there was no other meeting held, doubtless owing to the death of Rev. Nussman, which occurred only five months later, and the moving away of Revs. Roschen and Bernhardt a few years after that event. Nine years later, however, on May 2d, 1803, a special con- ference of ministers and layman was held in Salisbury, N. C, for the sole purpose of organizing themselves into a Synod, or conference, as it was then called. Who inaugurated the move- ment, and what, if any, preliminary steps were taken, we do not know, only they met and organized at that time and place. Revs. Arends, Storch, Miller, and Paul Henkel, that is, all the Lutheran pastors, together with fourteen lay delegates, constituted the convention. No list of congregations was published at that time, but there are good reasons for believing that Organ, St. John's of Salis- bury, Union, Lutheran Chapel, St. John's of Lincoln County, Reformation, St. Luke's of Davidson County, Pilgrim, Richland, * Bernheim's History, page 339. 26 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. St. Paul's of Alamance County, Lau's, Frieden's, Beck's, and Nazareth congregations were represented. Rev. Arends was made President and Rev. Miller, Secretary. The only business transacted was the taking of steps looking to the preparation and adoption of a constitution and arrang- ing for the first annual meeting, to be held in Lincolnton, on the third of the following October. Nussman, the old pioneer pastor, did not live to see that glad day, he having passed to his eternal reward soon after the meet- ing to ordain Pastor Miller, that is, November 3d, 1794. St. John's Church of Cabarrus County, one of the three mother-churches in North Carolina, was not represented, and did not take part in the organization of the Synod, not uniting with the Synod until its Fourth Convention, held in Organ Church, October 20th, 1806. At first there seems to have been no definite action as to the name the Synod should bear, being sometimes called " The Synod," and sometimes " The Synod of the Lutheran Church." But in 181 7 it was definitely fixed as " The Evangelical Lutheran German and English Synod of North Carolina and Adjacent States." This continued to be the official title until the dis- continuance of the use of the German language, when the words "German and English" were dropped. And when in the course of years other Synods were formed and her work was confined to North Carolina, the words " Adjacent States " were likewise eliminated. Now her official and chartered title is "The Evangelical Lutheran Synod and Ministerium of North Carolina." Thus the Synod was launched upon the sea of time. The grand old fathers, few but wise and noble, built, indeed, better than they knew. Little did they realize the importance of the step they had taken ! Little did they think of the strug- gles through which they and the whole Synod would be called to pass ! But they built in the name and fear of God, looking to Him for guidance, trusting all in His hands. And He accepted the trust, and has ever been with the Synod, leading, protecting, preserving, and blessing her abundantly. Truly may we exclaim in this centennial year of the Synod, " Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." CHAPTER IV. CONFESSIONAL HISTORY OF THE SYNOD. That the original fathers and founders of the Lutheran Church in America brought with them from the Fatherland a strong Lutheran consciousness, an abiding love for the dear old Church, .and an intelligent faith in her distinctive doctrines and usages is certainly beyond question or dispute. But it is also a well- known and lamentable fact that in the years that followed great changes took place, in many things, that were not always in full accord with the teachings of the Symbolical Books. Settled in a new and strange land : far removed from the direct influences of the old home Church ; surrounded by fanat- ical sects, all eager to proselyte ; with very few ministers of their own faith, and in some localities without any for years, it is not to be wondered at that the Lutheran confessional con- sciousness of their descendants became weakened, blurred, con- fused, and in some instances so vitiated as to be scarcely recog- nizable. As a result of these conditions, the records show that the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, the oldest Lutheran Synod in America, organized by Muhlenberg and his co-laborers in 1748, was for more than half a century without any distinctively Lutheran, official, confessional basis.* In her first Constitution, in both the original and the later revised editions, there was no mention of the Word of God or of any of our Lutheran con- fessions. So, too, the Ministerium of Xew York, the second oldest Synod in America, organized in 17S6, thirty-eight years after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and nineteen years prior to the North Carolina Synod, was for years in the same condition. * Prof. J. W. Richard, D. D., in Lutheran Quarterly, October, 1S95, page 459, etc. (27) 28 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Her Constitution was absolutely silent concerning the Bible and the Lutheran confessions, and did not even contain the word Lutheran. It is not strange, therefore, that the German Lutheran settlers in North Carolina, who had nearly all come from Pennsylvania, where so much laxness prevailed, should be found wanting in the same things. Here, too, they were not surrounded with any circumstances that specially called for a specific confessional statement. They were at peace among themselves, as well as with others around them ; there was and had been no assault made upon their Church or its doctrines, and hence there was no apparent necessity for dogmatical declarations as to their own faith, or the faith of the Church which they loved. In con- sequence, the Constitution adopted by the North Carolina Synod, at its first annual meeting at Lincolnton, N. C, October 17th, 1803, following the examples of the two older Synods, was intended simply as a statement of the principles or laws by which they proposed to be governed in carrying on the work of the Church and in maintaining discipline among both pas- tors and laymen, and not as a specific statement of the con- fessional basis of the Synod. As such, it did not contain the word Lutheran, nor any direct mention of the confessional writ- ings of our Church. But that does not mean, and should not be construed to mean, that the Synod, as such, had no Lutheran consciousness, was lacking in Lutheran faith, or that they questioned, doubted, or disputed any of the doctrines of the Lutheran Church, but only that there was, at that time, no known necessity for a formal and public confessional statement, and hence no such statement was made. When, in after years, the necessity arose, her specific declara- tion was not wanting. That the Synod, as such, held the true Lutheran position, the Word of God, the only and infallible rule of faith and practice, and the confessions of the Church correct interpretations of that rule, is evident from the fact that in her first Constitution she says (Article IV.): " No one shall be ordained to the ministry until the ministers who examine CONFESSIONAL HISTORY OF THE SYNOD. 29 him are fully satisfied that he has a sufficient and satisfactory acquaintance with the New Testament in the Greek language, his faith (doctrines of the Church), and the Latin language." There can be no question but that the expression " Doctrines of the Church" then meant and had reference to the Lutheran confessions, and hence, in this article of the Constitution, there is the subscription to both Word and confessions. Not, to be sure, in as definite, precise language as she used in after years, and yet clear enough that she understood what she meant, and there was no challenge to her position. From this position she has never receded. So far as authentic records are concerned, there are no evidences that she ever modified, denied, or rejected any article of the Lutheran faith, but has ever pressed on to a deeper conciousness and a fuller and clearer statement of what she believes. It is an interesting study to mark how the Synod gradually developed her Lutheran consciousness, more and more forcibly, plainly and formally expressing herself, as the times and circum- stances seemed to demand. Thus, in 1804, at the Second Annual Convention, she ordered that "The first twenty-one articles of the Augsburg Confession be printed on sheets so that all members of the congregations may obtain them at small price, so as to become acquainted with them.* In i8o6f, at the Third Convention, she ordered " That no pastor in our connection shall confirm children, except in case of absolute necessity, without a six-weeks' preparation before- hand." And when the question arose as to " Which Catechism should be the basis of instruction?" she unanimously and emphatically declared that the Catechism published by Ambro- sius Henkel might be used in explaining the meaning, but that "Luther's Smaller Catechism must ever be the basis of cate- chetical instruction." In 1 81 7 she revised her Constitution, and in 18 18 published it and twenty-two articles of the Augsburg Confession, together * See Printed Minutes, 1804, page 13. f See Printed Minutes, 1806, pages 14-15. 30 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. with other matter, in a book, that afterward became a bone of contention, and was popularly called " Luther," which by the direction of the Synod had been prepared by Rev. G. Shober, and which was ' ' highly approved ' ' and ' ' unanimously adopted ' ' by the Synod. The following is the Constitution : " Constitution of the Evangelical Lutheran German and English Synod of North Carolina and Adjacent States, as Revised and Enlarged at their October Ses- sion, 1817. "Article I. The first twenty-one articles of the Confession delivered to the assembled Diet at Augsburg, in Germany, by the Lutheran divines, known by the name of the Augsburg Confession, as extracted from the Bible, is the point of union of our Church. Every minister, before ordination, pledges him- self to the same. " Article II. The Synod consists of ordained ministers and candidates to the ministry, and is to meet annually, on Trinity Sunday, in rotation of counties. " Article III. Every congregation hath a right to send dep- uties, such as are in full communion of our Church, and if they produce a certificate of their election they are entitled to a seat and vote. "Article IV. All deputies have a right to vote, by congre- gations, so that every congregation has a vote, and the majority decides ; but the lay deputies, taken together, have no more votes than the number of ministers belonging to our ministry respecting general concerns. " Article V. Every Synod elects a President, Secretary, and Treasurer. The first two officers must be ordained ministers, and belong to our ministry. " Article VI. No person shall be admitted to administer the Word, except he be recommended in writing, and, on examina- tion, found to be sufficiently qualified ; and not before he is twenty-one years of age. "Article VII. No preacher (except he is ordained or licensed by a Synod in the United States, and bearing sufficient credentials of the same, and of his moral conduct) is admitted as belonging to our Church, before he is licensed in writing, sealed with the ministerial seal, and signed by the President and countersigned by the Secretary. These licenses are only granted for one year, except in extraordinary cases. Every license ex- CONFESSIONAL HISTORY OF THE SYNOD. 3 1 presses the degree of authority thereby given, and on expiration of the same the authority ceaseth. " Article VIII. The degrees of our ministry are : Catechet, candidate, deacon, and pastor. The first two degrees are under license ; the third under ordination, but confined to his congre- gations; the last conveys general authority, but he must have studied divinity in a seminary, or with an ordained minister, for three years, and have made tolerable progress in the classic lan- guages, but, in particular cases, exceptions may be admitted. "Article IX. It is incumbent on the Synod, as far as pos- sible, to provide that such congregations as have no regular min- isters appointed, and who apply for the same, may be served by visiting ministers, with all ministerial functions ; and that the Lord's Supper may be celebrated at least twice in each year. And the holy sacrament is always to be celebrated in the con- gregation, at the opening or meeting of a Synod, to which all full members of our Church, from other congregations, are to be invited. The President is to appoint the ministers for that pur- pose, if there is no settled minister in such congregation. "Article X. Every minister, of every grade, is to keep a register of baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and burials, in his congregation, and report the same annually to the Synod, with such other memorable occurrences as deserve attention. " Article XI. It is the duty of every preacher to instruct all children of our members, from twelve years old and upwards, in the Catechism, and to confirm them, or have them confirmed, in their baptismal vow, by authorized ministers, and admit them to the sacrament, when they are sufficiently enlightened. The Small Catechism of Dr. Luther, in the German language, and the Christian Catechism, in the English language, are to be used for such instruction, and the doctrine is to be explained for six weeks prior to the confirmation, if possible. "Article XII. Only such as are baptized and (when that was done during infancy) confirmed, and have partaken of the Lord's Supper with us, can be acknowledged full members of the Church. "Article XIII. This Constitution can be altered or amended when two-thirds of all ministers and deputies agree." Now notice that Article I. of this Constitution reads thus : "The first twenty -one articles of the Confession, delivered to the assembled Diet at Augsburg, in Germany, by the Lutheran divines, known by the name of the Augsburg Confession, as ex- tracted from the Bible, is the point of union of our Church. 32 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Every minister, before ordination, pledges himself to the same." Of this, two things are important. It was the first officially declared specific confessional basis of the Synod, and it was the first formal and public avowal of the recognition of the Augs- burg Confession by any Lutheran Synod in America. In 1818, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, the oldest and by far the largest body in America bearing the Lutheran name, in- augurated a movement looking to a closer union of all the Lutheran Synods in America. In 181 9 she sent out to those Synods a proposed " Plan of Union." In that plan there was no formal confessional basis suggested, and the Bible and the Lutheran Confessions were not so much as named. In 1820, when the General Synod was formally organized, the North Carolina Synod was represented by Rev. G. Shober. Acting under instructions given by the unanimous voice of the Synod, at the convention held in April, 18 19, he endeavored, in the name of the Synod, though unsuccessfully, to secure the recognition of the Augsburg Confession in the plan of union, and in the proposed constitution for the new general body. Of this effort of the North Carolina Synod and the results flowing from it, Dr. J. W. Richard, in the Lutheran Quarterly for October, 1895, says : " Fortunately for the Lutheran Church in the United States, the New York Ministerium, which took part in the adoption of the Constitution at Hagerstown, in 1820, did not send delegates again until 1837 ; and the Pennsylvania Ministerium, whose delegation at Hagerstown outnumbered all others together, withdrew prior to the meeting of T823, and was not represented again on the floor of the General Synod until 1853, thus giving the Lutheran Confessional Consciousness, which existed in the North Carolina and Maryland-Virginia Synods, time to grow and strengthen until the body should be- come Lutheran in reality as it was in name." As evidence of the Synod's continued advancement upon the principles laid down in her first Constitution, and that she in- tended that her pastors should be competent to teach true Lutheran theology, in accordance with those principles, she, in CONFESSIONAL HISTORY OF THE SYNOD. 33 1S46, adopted the following questions, to be propounded to all candidates for ordination : " 1. Do you believe the Scriptures of the Old and New Tes- taments to contain the Word of God, and that it is the only in- fallible rule of faith and practice ? "2. Do you believe that the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God are taught in a manner substantially correct in the doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Confession ? ' ' This continued to be the doctrinal basis of the Synod until 1869, when, as a further evidence of her determination to pre- serve and maintain her distinctive Lutheran basis, she adopted, unanimously, the following : 1. " We believe that the Canonical Books of the Old and New Testaments are given by inspiration of God, and are the perfect and only rule of faith and practice."' " We believe that the three general creeds, the Apostolic, Nicene, and Athanasian, exhibit the faith of the Church univer- sal, irv accordance with this rule." 111. " We believe that the unaltered Augsburg Confession is, in all its parts, in harmony with the Word of God, and is a correct exhibition of doctrine." "We believe that the Apology, the Catechisms of Luther, the Smalcald Articles, and the Formula of Concord are a faith- ful development and defense of the doctrines of the Word of God as set forth in the Augsburg Confession." To this basis the Synod adhered unreservedly until 1889, when she, unanimously and without debate, adopted her present Confessional Basis, which is as follows : "The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina con- fesses that the Canonical Books of the Old and New Testa- ments are the Word of God, given by inspiration of the Holy 34 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Ghost, and are the clear, only, and sufficient rule of faith ; that the three general creeds, Apostles' , the Nicene, and the Atha- nasian, exhibit the faith of the Church universal, in accordance with this rule ; that the unaltered Augsburg Confession is, in all its parts, in harmony with this rule of faith, and is a correct ex- hibition of its doctrine ; and that the Apology, the Larger and Smaller Catechisms of Luther, the Smalcald Articles, and the Formula of Concord are a faithful development and defense of the doctrines of God's Word and of the Augsburg Confession. All her questions concerning the faith of the Church, its min- isters or congregations, and the administration of the Word and sacraments, shall be judged and decided according to this rule and these Confessions. ' ' Thus we have briefly traced the confessional history of the Synod, from its beginning up to the present, and the only con- clusion that can be drawn is that her elaborate and unequivocal Lutheran Confessional Basis of to-day is but the outcome, the natural growth and developement of the fundamental principles- embodied, though ever so crudely, in her first Constitution. In the course of her long and eventful life it is not surprising if there have been those in her ranks, at different times, who> were unsound and un-Lutheran in faith or practice, or both. It has been so in nearly all Synods. But if there have been any such, the responsibility, the blame, should be laid upon them personally, and not upon the Synod. For, as such, there is no record of her ever having denied or rejected any doctrine of the Lutheran faith. She has always stood, as she stands to- day, squarely upon the Word of God as the rule of faith, and the Confessions as correct exponents of that rule. CHAPTER V. TERRITORY AND GROWTH OF THE SYNOD. To us, of the present day, who have always enjoyed the ad- vantages and blessings of Synodical relations, it seems strange that in the early life of our Church in America so many years were permitted to pass away before the congregations were or- ganized into Synods. But, strange as it may seem to us, it is, nevertheless, true, that although the first German Lutheran im- migrants came to Pennsylvania about 16S0, and that their first congregations were organized very soon thereafter, yet it was not until sixty-eight years later, that is, 1748, that the Ministerium of Pennsylvania was organized. And, although the first Lutheran immigrants settled in New York about 1621, and their first congregation was organized in 1664, yet it was not until one hundred and forty-seven years later, and thirty-eight years after the formation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, that is, 1786, that the Ministerium of New York was organized. So, too, in the territory afterward occupied by the North Carolina Synod. Although the first German settle- ments in the Piedmont section were made in 1747, and the first congregations were organized somewhere between then and- 1766, yet it was not until fifty-five years after the formation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, fifty -six years after their first set- tlement was made, and when their first congregations were about forty years old, that the Synod was organized. Why this long delay, can be matter of conjecture only, as no records concerning it have been found. But when we remember that Rev. Nussman had succeeded, before the Revolutionary War, in placing the Lutheran Church in North Carolina in con- nection with the parent Church in Germany : that through this arrangement substantial help in both men and means had been received, and the Church thereby greatly benefited : that after (35) 2,6 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. the war Nussman made strong and successful efforts to renew the relationship which had been severed by the war ; that his principal congregation, St. John's, of Cabarrus, had adopted resolutions and made pledges concerning the funds donated ; and that the congregation did not participate in the organiza- tion of the Synod, we are led to the inference that Rev. Nussman must not have favored the severing of their relations with the Church in Germany, and the formation of a Synod to be inde- pendent of all other ecclesiastical bodies. Being the senior minister, loved, honored, and respected by all, it was perfectly natural for both pastors and congregations to defer to his opinions and wishes, and hence the Synod was not organized until nearly nine years after his death. When, however, the Synod was organized, in 1803, the Church was aroused and enthused as it never had been be- fore. New life and hope and energy were thereby created in the minds of pastors and people, resulting in a rapid growth in numbers and strength and a wide expansion of territory. At the organization of the Synod, as stated in a former chap- ter, there were present and participating four ministers and fourteen lay delegates, presumably representing, at least, four- teen congregations. In those early days they did not publish the list of pastors, lay delegates, and congregations belonging to Synod, as we do now, and hence it is impossible for us to know just what congregations then constituted the Synod, and who the lay delegates were. That we may realize how rapidly the Synod grew, let us take a glance at those early records. At the Fourth Convention, held in 1806, St. John's Church, Cabarrus County, and Indian Creek Church were received. At the Eighth Convention, held in 1810, one congregation in North Carolina and Bethel, St. Peter's, and Zion Churches, of South Carolina, were received and the following preachers, churches, elders, deacons, and lay readers were reported as be- longing to the Synod : TERRITORY AND GROWTH OF THE SYNOD. 37 IN ROWAN COUNTY, N, . C, , Rev. C. A. G. Storch, Pastor. Churches. Elders. Deacons. Zion's, i. e., Organ Theobald Lentz George Huthman. George Michael Heilig. . John Miller. Adam Steuerwald John Edelman. Adam Grass Nicholas Beringer. Buffalo Creek, i. ■-I !* b H A z f J c lomtly 1807 — 1872. Rev. W. H. Cone J Rev. J. G. Neiffer 1872— 1876. Rev. T. W. Dosh, D. D 1876— 1877. Rev. W. J. Smith 1S7S— 1SS3. Rev. William Stoudenmire 1884 — 1886. Rev. C. B. King 18S6— 1896. Rev. L. E. Busby, D. D 1896. St. John's Church, located in Cabarrus County, N. C, six miles east from Concord and three miles west from Mt. Pleasant. The exact date of the organization of the congrega- tion is not known, but it was, no doubt, shortly after the arrival of the first German emigrants from Pennsylvania, in 1747. Its first house of worship was located near Buffalo Creek, about one and one-half miles north from Mt. Pleasant and about three miles east from the present church. It was a rude log-hut, built of unhewn pine logs, and was without floor, windows, or chimney. Here was also its first graveyard, the marks of graves being still visible. The house was built and owned jointly by the Lutherans and German Reformed. In 1894, during the pastorship of Rev. J. Q. Wertz, a beauti- ful monument was erected to mark the spot, an address being delivered by Rev. George H. Cox. The second house of worship was located about one-half mile from the present location, on the land now belonging to Mr. Archie Cline. This was also a log-house and owned jointly. Here was the second graveyard, several graves being yet dis- tinctly visible. We do not know when this house was erected, nor how long it was used, but at length, in 1771, a peaceable 130 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. separation from the German Reformed was agreed upon, this being the first positive date preserved in the history of the con- gregation. Up to that time it had been known as "Dutch Buf- falo Creek Church, " but from then until now as "St. John's Church," though the old name continued to cling to.it for many years. The third house of worship was located in the midst of what is now the St. John's graveyard. The house was built chiefly at the expense of one member, Captain John Paul Barringer, and, as a mark of appreciation, the congregation had a large, elevated, and enclosed pew constructed for the exclusive use of him and his family. The fourth house of worship was built upon the site of the third, it having been removed. This was a frame building and was larger and better than any that had preceded it. It was begun in 1784 and was dedicated July 4th, 1785. Being painted red, it came to be called and was known, as long as it stood, as " The Old Red Meeting-house." The fifth (present) house of worship is a substantial brick struc- ture, 80 x 55. Originally it had a gallery and side doors, after the style of the times. It was erected in 1845 an ^ dedicated August 2 2d, 1846, and was used without material change for about forty-three years. Then, in 1888, the interior was com- pletely remodeled, making it a modern church, with vestibule, library, infant class-room, and council-room, and having a seat- ing capacity of six hundred. It was rededicated February 10th, 1889, the service and sermon being delivered by the pastor. Rev. S. L. Keller. Near the church stands the parsonage. It is a neat frame building, two stories high, containing seven rooms, nicely fin- ished and partly furnished, having all necessary conveniences and comforts. A separate building stands close by, erected for the pastor's study. From the beginning the congregation has followed the true Lutheran custom of having the school -house alongside of the church. At first one house served for both church and school- house. Then, as far back as the time of the first pastor, Rev. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 131 A. Nussman, a separate house was built, in which the teacher both lived and taught. October 2 2d, 1782, Jacob Fegert, Marx Haus, and Jacob Thieme, three members of the congregation, entered one hun- dred acres of government land, in trust, for the congregation. The same being that on which the church property now stands. It is very valuable now and is a source of considerable income to the congregation. The congregation is one of the largest in the Synod, numbering at the present three hundred and eight members. Although it is one of the three mother-churches of the Synod and has the honor of having entertained the first ecclesiastical meeting ever held by Lutherans in North Carolina, it did not participate in the organization of the North Carolina Synod, nor become an integral part thereof until its Fourth Annual Conven- tion, in 1806. Since then it has taken an active part in all the work of the Synod, many important events having had either birth or culmination in its house. General Barringer, of Revolutionary fame, as well as many other men prominent in the affairs of church, county, and State, have been reared spiritually in old St. John's. The graveyard is one of the largest in all the surrounding country, containing about four acres, and nearly or quite four thousand graves. Here lie buried the remains of three Lutheran ministers, Rev. Adolphus Nussman, Rev. Jacob W. Barrier, and Rev. William Artz. Pastors. Rev. Adolphus Nussman 1 774 — 1794. Rev C. A. G. Storch 1796 — 1797. Rev. Adam N. Markerd ' 1797 — 1800. Rev. C. A. G. Storch 1800 — 1821. Rev. Daniel Scherer 1821 — 1831. Rev. Henry Graeber 1832 — 1843. Rev. John D. Scheck 1844 — 1857. Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D 1858— 1860. Rev. J. B. Anthony i860 — 1867. Rev. L. C. Groseclose 1867 — 1872. Rev. D. M. Henkel, D. D 1872— 1S75. Rev. R. W. Petrea 1876— 1887. I32 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Pastors. Rev. S. L. Keller 1887— 1890. Rev. Peter Miller 1890 — 1893. Rev. J. Q. Wertz 1894— 1896. Rev. S. D. Steffey 1896. The aggregate of vacancies since 1774, when the congregation secured its first pastor, is about six years. St. Paul's Church, Rowan County, N. C, is located five miles south from Salisbury. It was originally known as " Hols- houser's Church," so named because the land was given by Andrew Holshouser, near where was the Holshouser Mill, now known as the Heilig Mill. Mr. Holshouser was a member of the German Reformed Church, and the congregation was a union congregation. It was organized about the year 1835. ^ ne nrst mention of it is in the Minutes of the Synod of 1837. In 1866 it became wholly Lutheran, the German Reformed establishing what is now known as " Mt. Hope Church." The present house of worship, which is the second building, is a fine large brick structure. It was dedicated July 21st, 1872, by Rev. W. Kimball, who was then pastor. During the pas- torate of Rev. C. A. Rose the house was enlarged and re- modeled at a cost of $1600.00, and is now one of the most complete and handsome country churches in the Synod. It was rededicated April 29th, 1894, Rev. George H. Cox, D.D., preach- ing the sermon. The seating capacity is about four hundred and fifty. Number of members two hundred and eighty-five. The congregation has an interest in the parsonage at Zeb, four miles northwest from Salisbury, near Bethel Church, with which it is in pastoral relation. Pastors. Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1835— 1843. Rev. Benjamin Arey 1843 — 1845. Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr 1845 — 1855. Rev. B. C. Hall 1855— 1859. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. J 33 Pastors. Rev. J. L. Smithdeal 1859 — 1860 Rev. W. Kimball , 1S61— 1876 Rev. W. H. Cone 187S— 1SS0 Rev. B. S. Brown 1881— 18 Rev. V. R. Stickley 1882—18 Rev. C. A. Rose .' 1884— iS, , Rev. V. Y. Boozer J 899- Five ministers have come from this congregation, viz.: Revs. J. H. Fesperman, C. L. T. Fisher, J. H. C. Fisher, C. A. Brown, and W. W. J. Ritchie. St. Paul's Church, Iredell County, N. C, is located three miles east from Statesville. The congregation was organized by Rev. Benjamin Arey, and was admitted to Synod in 1840. The first house of worship was erected about one mile from the present location. It was a frame building, 60 x 40, and was used until 1885, when the present house was erected. It is a neat frame building, after the modern style of architecture, about 60 x 30, and having a seating capacity of three hundred. It was dedicated in 1S86 by Rev. H. M. Brown. The present mem- bership is thirty. In the graveyard is the grave of Rev. Caleb Lentz. Pastors. Rev. Benjamin Arey 1840 — 1846 Rev. W. H. Fink 1846— 1847 Rev. J. B. Anthony 1847 — 1849 Rev. B. X. Hopkins 1849 — 1852 Rev. W. G. Harter 1S52. Rev. S. Scherer 1852 — 1855 Rev. John Swicegood 1855 — 1856 Rev. Paul Kistler 1856 — 1857 Rev. W. Gearhardt, D. U 1S57 — 1S59 Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr 1S59 — 1S60 Rev. G. Stingly 1S60— 1S61 Rev. J. L. Smithdeal 1863— 1S65 34 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Pastors. Rev. Paul Kistler 1870. Rev. J. H. Fesperman 1871 — 1874 Rev. W. R. Ketchie 1875 — 1879 Rev. J. B. Anthony 1880— 1882 Rev. H. M. Brown 1S82— 1887 Rev. W. Kimball 1888— 1889 Rev. T. H. Strohecker 1889— 1890 Rev. D. W. Michael 1891— 1894 Rev. G. S. Diven ^95 — 1896 Rev. B. S. Brown 1896 — 1899 Rev. R. A. Helms 1899. The aggregate of vacancies is six years. St. Paul's Church, corner of Sixth and Market Streets, Wilmington, N. C, was organized by a committee appointed by the North Carolina Synod, consisting of Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr., and Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D., in the old Presbyterian Church that used to stand on Front Street, on May 31st, 1858. There were fifty-eight members, of whom the following were elected as the first council : Trustees — J. G. Bauman, H. B. Eilers, H. Von Glahn, E. Schulken, and II. Vollers. Elders — N. Bremer and A. Adrian. Deacons — W '. Knohl and H. Rehder. The congregation rented the " Session House ' ' of the Protestant Episcopal Church, where they worshiped until they were prepared to go into their own property. On February 15th, 1859, the lot upon which the church now stands was purchased, and the corner-stone was laid September 6th of the same year. In i860 the church was under roof, and in 1861 the lecture-room was so far completed as to enable them to hold divine service and Sun- day school there. By this time the war between the States was raging, and, in consequence, all work on the church was sus- pended. When the city fell into the hands of the United States troops they took possession of the church and destroyed or SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 35 mutilated everything, leaving nothing but bare walls and the roof, thus entailing upon the congregation increased expense and labor, so that the church was not completed until 1869, anc ^ dedicated, August 22d, 1870, by Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D., Rev. C. H. Bernheim, Rev. L. Muller, and Rev. W. A. Julian. The house is a stucco-covered brick structure, 90 x 45 feet, with a steeple 125 feet high, inside and outside most beautifully finished, and has a seating capacity of four hundred. The congregation has a large and commodious parsonage on a lot adjoining the church lot. It is a two-story frame building, with all modern conveniences. They also own what is called the "Luther Memorial" building, for Sunday and parochial schools. It was first erected in 18S3, and opened for use in 1884. January 12th, 1894, it was destroyed by fire, but was im- mediately replaced by a more elegant building, the corner-stone being laid July 18th, and the house dedicated, September 30th, 1894. In this building the congregation maintains a regular parochial school, the only one in the North Carolina Synod. The congregation numbers three hundred and fifty members. Pastors. Rev. J. H. Mengert 1S59 — 1S62. Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D 1S70— 18S2. Rev. F. W. E. Peschau, D. D 1S82— 1S93. Rev. Karl Boldt 1893 — 1S97. Rev. A. G. Voigt, D. D 1S98. The aggregate of vacancies during the existence of the congre- gation has been nine years lacking one month. St. Paul's Church in the city of Asheville is a mission congregation, under the control of the Board of Missions of the United Synod in the South, but connected with the North Caro- lina Synod. 136 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. The organization was effected September nth, 1892, by Rev. F. W. E. Peschau, D. D. , with twenty-five names enrolled. There are now about forty members. They have no church building,, but worship in a rented hall. The mission has been served by Rev. F. W. E. Peschau, D. D 1892— 1894. Rev. L. E. Busby 1894 — 1896. Rev. C. B. King 1896— 1897. Rev. C. B. Cox 1898 — 1900. St. Paul's Church, Alamance County, N. C, is located six miles from Burlington, on the old Salisbury and Hillsboro Road. The congregation was for many years known as "Graves Church." It was organized about the year 1795, probably by Rev. C. E. Bernhardt, and was composed of Lutherans and Ger- man Reformed, but in a few years, about 1801, it became wholly Lutheran, and no doubt was one of the congregations that par- ticipated in the organization of the Synod in 1803. Two buildings have preceded the present house of worship, which is a neat frame edifice, 40 x 35. It was erected in 1893, and comfortably seats about three hundred persons. The present membership is sixty. The congregation owns one-half of the parsonage at Gibson- ville, it having formerly been connected in a pastorate with old Frieden's Church. It is now, however, a part of the Guil- ford pastorate. Pastors. Rev. C. E. Bernhardt, Rev. S. Rothrock, Rev. Philip Henkel, Rev. C. H. Bernheim, Rev. Ludwig Markert, Rev. W. Kimball, Rev. Jacob Scherer, Rev. E. P. Parker, Rev. William Artz, Rev. C. B. Miller, Rev. John D. Sheck, Rev. H. M. Brown. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 37 St. Peter's ( Krauth Memorial) Evangelical Lutheran Church is located in Rowan County, N. C, about two miles from Rockwell, on the Yadkin Railroad. The exact date of the first organization is not known, but it was probably between 1S25 and 1830. The congregation be- longed exclusively to the Tennessee Synod. During the year 1S55, Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr., and Rev. S. Roth- rock, D. D. , held services with the congregation, which resulted in the organization of a congregation in sympathy with the North Carolina Synod, to which one-half the property was ceded. In 1858 this congregation was received as an integral part of the North Carolina Synod, Rev. S. Rothrock being the pastor. The first house of worship was a frame building, about 40 x 30, with the old-fashioned gallery, pulpit, etc. While under the pastorship of Rev. T. H. Strohecker, April 7th, 1883, the corner-stone of the new church was laid and the house was dedicated, June 29th, 1884, Rev. J. B. Davis, D. D., preaching the sermon, and the members of the Conference, there in session, participating in the services. It is a neat frame build- ing, 60x40, in gothic style, and neatly finished inside and out. Its seating capacity is about three hundred. The congregation is now all one, belonging to the North Carolina Synod, but when the change took place is not definitely known. Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr. , Rev. J. A. Linn, Jr., Rev. H. A. Trexler, and Hon. L. H. Rothrock are children of this con- gregation. The present membership is two hundred and forty- six. Pastors. Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1S55 — 186S Rev. S. Scherer 1S6S — 1870 Rev. W. H. Cone 1S71 — 1S77 Rev. J. A. Linn, Jr 1S77— 18S0 Rev. T. H. Strohecker 1SS1 — 1SS5 Rev. H. A. Trexler 1SS6— 1S92 Rev. W. P. Huddle 1893— 1S97 Rev. W. B. Oney 1897— 1S9S Rev. E. W. Leslie 1809. 138 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. St. Matthew's Church, of Rowan County, is located eleven miles east from Salisbury, on the Bringle Ferry Road. In the year 1838 twenty young persons from the neighborhood went to Organ Church to be catechised and confirmed by Rev. Henry Graeber, and then were organized into a congregation by the Rev. Benjamin Arey. John Hartman, Jacob File, An- drew Frick, and Peter Klutz constituted the first council. The congregation worshiped in barns and private dwelling-houses for a number of years, until the first house of worship was erected. It was a frame building, nearly square, with gallery on three sides, and stood near the present building, in what is now the graveyard. The first child baptized in the congregation was Michael Bame, son of Samuel and Anna Bame. The baptism was ad- ministered by Rev. Benjamin Arey, in a barn, on April 16th, 1838. The present church house was erected in 1882, and dedicated in 1884 by Rev. J. B. Davis, D. D., and Rev. V. R. Stickley. It is a neat frame building, 60 x 40, with vestibule, gallery, two council-rooms, tower and bell, and niche in rear of the pulpit. The parsonage is located two miles from the church, on the Bringle Ferry Road. It is a two-story frame building, contain- ing seven rooms, and nicely finished, and was erected in 1889. The congregation numbers three hundred and six members. Pastors. Rev. Benjamin Arey, Rev. J. A. Linn, Jr., Rev. J. D. Sheck, Rev. R. L. Brown, Rev. William Artz, Rev. T. H. Strohecker, Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D., Rev. H. A. Trexler, Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr., Rev. W. P. Huddle, Rev. W. Kimball, Rev. W. B. Oney, Rev. L. C. Groseclose, Rev. E. W. Leslie. Rev. W. H. Cone, St. Matthew's Church, Wilmington, N. C, is located in that part of the city called Brooklyn, N. Fourth Street, above Bla- den. In the year 1890 some of the members of St. Paul's Evan- SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 39 gelical Lutheran Church, realizing the necessity for another Lutheran Church in Wilmington, took the first step toward the desired end by the organization of a Sunday school, in a rented hall, on Fourth Street. The school grew so rapidly as to very soon demand larger and more suitable quarters. A lot was pur- chased and the work of building begun in 189 1. In the follow- ing year, 1S92, ten members of St. Paul's, having secured letters of honorable dismission for the purpose, on March 21st, organ- ized the congregation. The building was soon completed. It is a beautiful chapel, in gothic style, 55 x 30, with a spire 70 feet high. All is nicely finished and in churchly order. The congregation also owns an excellent school-building, ad- joining the church. It was originally intended for a parochial school, but is now rented to the City School Board for the use of the public school. On July 28th, 1895, the pastor of St. Matthew's, by instruc- tions from Synod, organized a congregation in New Bern. Since then the few members who were there have united with St. Matthew's. The pastor of St. Paul's, Rev. F. W. E. Peschau, D. D., served the congregation from the beginning until April 27th, 1892, when Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D., became pastor, and served until October 15th, 1899, when, on account of the infirmities of age, he tendered his resignation. On November 5th, 1899, the congregation accepted the resignation and made the Doctor pas- tor emeritus. He supplied the church until July 1901, when the Rev. C. W. Kegley became the pastor, and was installed the following 25th of August by the President of Synod and the Rev. R. C. Holland, D. D. St. Matthew's Church, Davie County, N. C, was organ- ized by Rev. Benjamin Arey in 1847. The church building is of logs, 50 x 36, and was erected in 1850, and dedicated by Rev. H. M. Brown in 1882. During 140 HISTORY OK NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. the pastorship of Rev. R. L. Brown the house was remodeled and enlarged, Rev. Brown presenting the bell. It will seat comfortably about three hundred. The present membership is- forty. Pastors. Rev. Benjamin Arey 1840 — 1845 Rev. J. Crim 1845 — 1861 Rev. W. Kimball 1861— 1866 Rev. W. R. Ketchie.. : 1866—1882 Rev. H. M. Brown 1882— 1886 Rev. R. L. Brown 1888— 1892 Rev. E. P. Parker 1892— 1893 Rev. H. E. H. Sloop 1894— 1896 Rev. W. Kimball 1896— 1898 Rev. B. S. Brown 1898 — 1899 Rev. R. A. Helms 1899. St. Enoch's Church is located in the town of Enochville,. Rowan County, N. C. The congregation is an off-shoot from Lutheran Chapel Church, and was organized at Mr. Philip Over- cash's residence, in August, 1835, by Rev. P. A. Strobel. The first house of worship was a frame building, erected shortly after the congregation was organized, at a cost of $1500.00. It was dedicated the second Sunday in September, 1839, by Revs. W. Artz, S. Rothrock, and P. A. Strobel. The present building is a fine brick structure, 70 x 50, beauti- ful and churchly in all its appointments. It was erected in 1873, at a cost of $7000.00. It is calculated to comfortably seat seven hundred persons. . The dedication services were held September 20th, 1874. The present number of members is two hundred and ninety-four. This congregation has produced numbers of prominent per- sons, among whom are Mr. W. T. H. Plaster, a teacher of three generations ; Rev. J. W. Rumple, Rev. T. J. Yost, Revs. W. A. and J. L. Deaton, and Rev. B. S. Brown. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 141 An excellent parsonage stands near the church, containing eight rooms ; a two-room study. All necessary outbuildings, an orchard, garden, and two or three acres of land. All of which is in good condition and belongs to the pastorate, consist- ing of St. Enoch's and Trinity Churches. Pastors. Rev. P. A. Strobel 1837— 1S41. Rev. W. G. Harter 1841 — 1849. Rev. J. H. Coffman 1849 — 1850. Rev. B. N. Hopkins 1S50 — 1S52. Rev. J. S. Heilig 1S52— 1S66. Rev. J. W. Barrier 1S66— 1S67. Rev. A. D. L. Moser 1S68— 1873. Rev. W. A. Julian 1874 — 1S79. Rev. W. A. Lutz 1SS0— 1S91. Rev. V. R. Stickley 1S92. The longest vacancy in sixty-five years was seven months. To this congregation belongs the honor of inaugurating the " Church Extension Fund " of the North Carolina Synod, which was done by contributing $75.00 in cash at its semi-centennial exercises, in August, 1SS7. St. Stephen's Church is located in Cabarrus County, N. C.j two and a half miles from Cold Hill, on the Concord Road. Early in 1S37, John Peck, John Lentz, Solomon Nussman, Peter Troutman, Henry I. Barringer, and George Culp held a meeting in the school-house and decided to build a church in the neighborhood. The congregation was organized on Christ- mas Day, 1 S 3 7 , at the home of Mr. John Peck, with thirty-two members. Four of these were German Reformed, and the rest were Lutherans. The first officers were : Elders, John Lentz, Lutheran, and John Peck, German Reformed ; Deacons, Solo- mon Nussman, Lutheran, and Charles Barrier, German Reformed. One month later, i. c, January 30th, 1838, a congregational meeting was held, when Elder John Peck resigned and Henry Lentz, a Lutheran, was elected in his place, and there never was 142 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. another German Reformed officer elected by the congregation, so that in reality St. Stephen's has always been wholly Lutheran. The first house of worship was begun before the congregation was organized, and finished shortly after. This has been re- placed by a more modern building, which was erected in 1880 and dedicated June 10th, 1883, under the pastorship of Rev. W. Kimball. It is a neat frame building, 60 x 40, with gallery in one end, and has a seating capacity of four hundred. The present membership is one hundred and thirty-seven. In the year 1897 St. Stephen's and Mt. Olive's erected a roomy and comfortable parsonage, near St. Stephen's Church, together with all necessary outbuildings. Pastors. Rev. P. A. Strobel 1837— Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1S43— Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr 1855 — Rev. L. C. Groseclose 1864 — Rev. R. L. Brown 1866— Rev. W. R. Ketchie 1S73 — Rev. P. A. Strobel 1874— Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1876— Rev. W. Kimball 1880— Rev. A. D. L. Moser 1885— Rev. George H. Cox 1888 — Rev. J. M. Lingle 1894 — Rev. P. H. E. Derrick 1895— Rev. G. A. Riser 1898— Rev. W. A. Dutton 1900. 843 854 863 866 873 874 875 879 883 887 897 St. Mark's Church is located in the town of China Grove, Rowan County, N. C. It was organized in 1894, by Rev. C. A. Marks, and was com- posed of members of the Lutheran Chapel Church, then living in the town. Their beautiful house of worship was erected in the same year. By the year 1896 the congregation had grown so as to r ST. MARK'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH AND PARSONAGE, CHARLOTTE, N. C. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 43 necessitate the enlargement of the house. It is an excellent building, and both beautiful and churchly in all its appoint- ments. The present membership is one hundred and sixty. Pastors Rev. C. A. Marks , 1894— 1896. Rev. J. Q. Wertz 1896. St. Mark's Church, Charlotte, N. C, is located on North Tryon Street of that city. The congregation was organized in January, 1859, by Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D. It had a severe struggle for existence for several years, being weak in numbers. Gradually, however, it grew and prospered, being assisted financially by Synod, until during the pastorship of Rev. T. S. Brown, when it became self- sustaining. The first house of worship was a neat frame building at the corner of College and Seventh Streets, and was purchased from the Methodist Episcopal Church South. The second was also a frame structure on North Tryon Street, one block from the present location. The present building is of brick. It was erected in 1885, and was dedicated, November 3d, 1885, by Rev. T. S. Brown, Rev. W. S. Bowman, D. D. , and Rev. E. A. Wingard, D. D. It has a seating capacity for four hundred, and a Sunday school room on the lower floor. It is elegantly furnished and finished, and is the most beautiful church in the North Carolina Synod. To Rev. T. S. Brown, Prof. W. A. Barrier, and Messrs. Jacob Duls, S. E. Linton, T. L. Seigle, and H. L. Klueppelberg the credit of its erection and completion belongs. Present member- ship one hundred and seventy-five. The congregation also owns an elegant parsonage. The first house for the pastor was located at the corner of Tenth and Pine Streets. It was built in 1893, and was sold in 1899. 144 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Then a new one was built on the church lot, 408 North Tryon Street, at a cost of $3000.00. It is a three-story frame build- ing, containing eight rooms, with all modern conveniences, and is probably the best parsonage in the Lutheran Church in either of the Carolinas. Rev. C. L. Brown, missionary in Japan, was baptized in this church in 1876, and Prof. W. A. Barrier, who remembered the United Synod's Theological Seminary in his will, was an active member. Pastors. Rev. A. Phillipi 1859— 1860. Rev G. D. Bernheim, D. D 1861— 1865. Rev. N. Aldrich , 1865— 1874. Rev. E. A. Wingard, D. D 1876— 1882. Rev. T. H. Strohecker 1882. Rev. T. S. Brown 1882 — 1891. Rev. W. S. Bowman, D. D 1891— 1897. Rev. C. B. King 1897— 1898. Rev. R. C. Holland, D. D 1898. St. Michael's Church is located in the town of Troutman, in Iredell County, N. C, on the A. T. and O. R. R., about six miles from Statesville. The congregation was organized in 1815, by Rev. R. J. Miller, and was admitted to Synod in October of the same year, under the name of "New Pearth." The organization was ef- fected in "Cambridge Associate Presbyterian Church," about two miles south from the present location, where the first communion was had on August 27th, 181 5. The congregation continued to worship there until about the year 1823, when a Mr. Daniel Walcher donated land for a church site about one and one- quarter miles southwest from where Troutman' s now is. The land was given to the Lutherans and Episcopalians jointly, and upon it they erected a union house of worship, made of logs, about 36 x 25. For several years both denominations worshiped in this house, then the Episcopalians voluntarily withdrew and SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 45 erected a church of their own a few miles distant. The date of this movement is not known, but persons who have been reared in the neighborhood, and who are now fifty years old, have never heard an Episcopal clergyman preach there. About the year 1850 the house was considerably enlarged and improved, and the congregation continued to worship in it until it had erected the present building. The corner-stone was laid August 19th, 1886, and the dedicatory services were held August 14th, 1892, by the pastor, Rev. D. W. Michael, assisted by Rev. Prof. J. D. Shirey, D. D. It is a handsome frame building, 60 x 36, with recess, council-rooms, etc. A comfortable and convenient parsonage belongs to the con- gregation. It is a two-story, eight-room, frame building, with usual conveniences, located in the town near the church. Rev. Simeon W. Harkey, D. D., and his brothers were born and reared in this congregation. The congregation, in the past, has been very strong; the present membership is two hundred and twelve. Pastors. Rev. R. J. Miller 1S15— 1821. Rev. John Reck 1825 — 1830. Rev. J. T. Tabler 1832. Rev. Benjamin Arey !§37 — 1853. Rev, Paul Kistler 1856— 1858. Rev. James D. Stingley 1S60 — 1862. Rev. G. D. Bernheim, D. D 1862— 1865. Rev. W. Kimball 186S— 1870. Rev. J. H. Fesperman 1S71 — 1877. Rev. J. B. Anthony 1878— 1S80. Rev. H. M. Brown 1S82— 1887. Rev. W. Kimball 1SS8. Rev. T. H. Strohecker 18S9— 1S91. Rev. D. W. Michael 1S91 — 1894. Rev. George S. Diven 1S95. Rev. B. S. Brown 1896— 1899. Rev. R. A. Helms 1899 — 1900. A remarkable thing in this congregation is that during its •existence, eighty-eight years, its aggregate of vacancies has been nineteen years. 146 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. St. James' Church is located in the town of Concord,. Cabarrus County, N. C. The original members were nearly all from Coldwater congregation. The exact date of the organiza- tion is not known, but was, probably, about 1841 or 1842, and was effected by Rev. W. G. Harter, who was the first pastor. The first house of worship was built on what is now called Mt. Pleasant Street. It was a large frame building, well fin- ished, and was dedicated April 6th, 1843, tne sermon being de- livered by Rev. Henry Graeber. The building still stands and is used by the town for a high school. The second and present house of worship is a large brick structure, standing at the corner of Union and Corbin Streets. It was erected in 1882, and was dedicated May 10th, 1891, by the pastor, Rev. W. G. Campbell, assisted by Rev. S. T. Hall- man, D. D., Rev. J. M. Hedrick preaching the sermon. It is modern in all its appointments, having a corner tower 112 feet high, a lecture-room and an infant class-room in the basement, and a pipe-organ in the auditorium. Its seating capacity is- something over five hundred. The congregation also owns an excellent parsonage, standing on an adjoining lot to the church, on Corbin Street. It is a sub- stantial brick building, containing seven rooms and all modern conveniences. The present membership is two hundred and ninety-five. Pastors. Rev. W. G. Harter 1842 — 1853 Rev. D. I. Dreher 1854— 1869 Rev. C. H. Bernheim 1872 — 1873 Rev. W. W. Bowers 1874 (died in office) Rev. J. H. Harry 1874 — 1875 Rev. L. A. Bikle, D. D 1876— 1880 Rev. S. T. Hallman, D. D 1880— 1883 . Rev. W. G. Campbell 1886— 1893 Rev. M. G. G. Scherer 1893— 1896 Rev. C. B. Miller 1896— 1901 Rev. W. H. Hiller 1902. The aggregate of vacancies is about three years. ST. JAMES' EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, CONCORD, N. C SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 1 47 St. Andrew's Church is located at the corner of West Depot and Valley Streets, Concord, N. C. It was a colony of Lutherans from different congregations attracted to Concord by work found in the cotton mills, and was organized September ioth, 1893, by Rev. George H.- Cox, D. D., then President of the Synod. The church house is a neat frame structure, 46 x 32, built in gothic style. It was erected in 1889 and 1890, the work being carried on by the St. James' congregation and superintended by its pastor, the Rev. W. G. Campbell. It was dedicated Novem- ber 7th, 1897, by Rev. V. R. Stickley, the President of Synod, assisted by the pastor, Rev. H. A. McCullough, and Revs. J. Q. Wertz and C. B. Miller. The congregation numbers eighty- nine members. It has received considerable aid from Synod and is not yet self-sustaining. In 1899 a parsonage was erected by the pastorate, and was located on the corner of West Depot and Walter Streets. It was a neat cottage, containing ten rooms. It was destroyed by fire September 21st, 1900, but was immediately rebuilt by St. Andrew's congregation alone. The congregation was supplied by Rev. W. G. Campbell and other near-by pastors until November, 1894, then the following served as Pastors. Rev. J. D. Shealey 1S94— 1895. Rev. H. A. McCullough 1S95— 1898. Rev. W. B. Oney -1898—1900. Rev. C. A. Brown 1900 — 1901. St. Luke's Church is located fourteen miles west from Salis- bury, on the Sherill's Ford Road. The congregation was or- ganized in 1870, by Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D. The corner-stone of the church building was laid in April, 187 1, and the edifice was completed and dedicated in May, 1872, by Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D., and Rev. J. G. Neiffer. It is a large 148 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. brick structure, 60 x 40, with gothic windows and an inclined floor, and with a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. The congregation also has an excellent parsonage, located about three-quarters of a mile west from the church, and built in 1879. It is a two-story house, with an L, containing six rooms, and has attached a well of good water, stable, garden, orchard, and six acres of land. There are eighty members. Pastors. Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1869— 1875. Rev. V. R. Stickley 1876— 1882. Rev. J. D. Shirey, D. D 1882— 1889. Rev. H. C. Haithcox, D. D 1890. Rev. B. W. Cronk 1891— 1894. Rev. H. W. Jeffcoat !894 — 1900. Rev. B. S. Brown 1900. During this time the congregation has been vacant in the ag- gregate of four years. St. Luke's Church, Tyro, Davidson County, eight miles West from Lexington, was first known as " Swicegood's Meeting- house," and afterward as " Sandy Creek. " It is one of the oldest congregations, and, in all probability, took part in the organization of the Synod in 1803. Just when it was organized we do not know, as no records can be found. Rev. Christopher Eberhardt Bernhardt came from Germany to North Carolina in 1787 and Rev. A. Roschen in 1788, and labored in that part of Rowan County lying east of the Yadkin River, now known as Davidson County, and in 1800 the Rev. Paul Henkel came from Virginia and labored in the same field, Rev. Bernhardt having removed to other parts. The prob- ability is that one of them organized the congregation some- where between 1787 and 1800. The original members of the congregation were what have since been called " Pennsylvania Germans," who settled in that neighborhood as early as 1764. The congregation is now worshiping in its fourth church building, all of which have stood upon the same ground. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. 149 The first was a rude log-house, 24 x 20, which was destroyed by fire. The second was a reproduction of the first. The third was a frame building of the same size. The fourth and present house is a neat frame building, 58 x 35, with gallery, annex, and two council-rooms, and having a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. It was erected in 1 86 1, and dedicated the same year by Rev. W. A. Julian. A commodious two-story parsonage stands near the church, which was built in 1854, and which is deeded to the Trustees of the pastorate. The present membership is one hundred and eighty. We are not sure that we have the full list of pastors, but, so far as known, the following have served at different times and for different periods : Pastors. Rev. Paul Henkel, Rev. W. A. Julian, Rev. G. Shober, Rev. W. H. Cone, Rev. L. Markert, Rev. A. D. L. Moser, Rev. Jacob Scherer, Rev. J. D. Bowles, Rev. Jacob Miller, Rev. C. H. Bernheim, Rev. D. P. Rosenmiller, Rev. P. E. Zink, Rev. John Tabler, Rev. R. W. Petrea, Rev. Daniel Jenkins, Rev. J. M. Hedrick, Rev. Benjamin Arey, Rev. D. W. Michael, Rev. Jacob Crim, Rev. \V. Kimball, Rev. J. B. Anthony, Rev. T. H. Strohecker, Rev. L. C. Groseclose, and the present pastor, Rev. P. J. Wade, who took charge in 1898. Shiloh Church is located twelve miles west from Winston, N. C, in Forsythe County, and constitutes a part of the Forsythe Mission. It is unknown when the congregation was first organized, but there are traditions reaching back to a very early date. It is supposed to have been a union congregation with the Moravians, as some of the pastors of that church preached there. It is now 150 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. entirely Lutheran, but when the separation was effected is not known. The first house of worship was erected about a quarter of a mile from the present site. It was an old-time log-house, 30 x 20, with the old-fashioned galleries. The present house is a brick structure, 46 x 32. It was erected in 1880 to 1882, and was dedicated by the members of the Northern Conference in October, 1884. Its seating capacity is three hundred. The number of members is forty-two. The Forsythe Mission has an excellent parsonage located near Rural Hall. It was erected in 1895, in the place of the old parsonage that stood near Nazareth Church, twelve miles north- east from Shiloh. Pastors. Rev. Paul Henkel, Rev. E. P. Parker, Rev. John Swicegood, Rev. W. R. Ketchie, Rev. W. Kimball, Rev. H. M. Brown, Rev. J. R. Sikes, Rev. H. A. Trexler, Rev. W. A. Lutz, Rev. R. L. Bame. Salem Church is located on the Beattie's Ford Road, seven miles west from Salisbury. There were twenty-two persons living in that neighborhood, who were members of Organ Church, situated seventeen miles away. Becoming wearied with the long journey to and from their church, at their request, in 1850, the Rev. B. N. Hopkins organized them into a congregation under the name of Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church. For some reason, not now known, the congregation did not make application for and was not admitted to Synod until 1854 ; since then it has always taken an active part in all the work of the Synod. The first house of worship was erected in 1850. It was a frame structure, 50 x 35, with a gallery at the back end. In 1882 the present building was erected. It is a churchly SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. I5 1 structure, 50 x 36, with a seating capacity of four hundred, and is free from debt. It was dedicated November 25th, 1883, by the pastor, Rev. J. D. Shirey, D. D., assisted by Rev. W. A. Lutz, who preached the dedicatory sermon. Mr. John Barger donated thirty acres of land when the con- gregation was first organized. Upon this tract the church stands, as also an excellent parsonage erected during the pastorship of Rev.V. Y. Boozer, in 1894. It is a two-story frame building, con- taining six rooms, nicely finished, and with all things arranged for the comfort and convenience of the pastor. It belongs to the Salem pastorate. The present membership is one hundred and thirty-five. The congregation has had but few and short vacancies. Pastors. Rev. B. N. Hopkins 1850 — 1 Rev. J. S. Heilig 1854— 1 Rev. Jacob Crim 1859 — 1 Rev. S. Scherer 1S62 — 1 Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D 1868— 1 Rev. V. R. Stickley 1875 — 1 Rev. J. D. Shirey, D. D 1882— 1 Rev. H. C. Haithcox, D. D 1889— 1 Rev. B. W. Cronk 1890 — 1 Rev. V. Y. Boozer 1S94 — 1 Rev. H. N. Miller, Ph. D 1895— 1 Rev. H. A. Trexler 1897 854 859 862 868 875 S90 894 895 897 Trinity Church is located in Cabarrus County, N. C, miles from Concord. The congregation originally came out from old St. John's Church, and was organized by Rev. J. S. Heilig, in 1857. The first house of worship was a frame building, 40 x 30, erected the same year of the organization. The present house is a brick structure, 60 x 40, with a seating capacity of four hundred, and cost $3000.00. It was erected in 1897, and was dedicated on the second Sunday in November, 1897. 152 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. The sermon was delivered by Rev. M. G. G. Scherer. Rev. J. Q. Wertz and Rev. H. N. Miller, Ph. D., assisted Pastor Stickley in the dedicatory exercises. The congregation owns an interest in the parsonage at Enoch- ville, N. C. The present membership is seventy-four. Pastors. Rev. J. S. Heilig 1857— 1866 Rev. J. W. Barrier 1866— 1867 Rev. A. D. L. Moser 1868— 1873 Rev. W. A. Julian 1874 — 1879 Rev. W. A. Lutz 1880— 1891 Rev. V. R. Stickley 1892. Union Church, originally known as "Pine" Church, is located in Rowan County, N. C, five miles southeast from Salis- bury. There are no records to show when the congregation was first organized, but, judging from other historical facts and dates that are recorded, it is reasonable to suppose that the congrega- tion was organized by Rev. J. G. Arends in the year 1784, and was one of the congregations that participated in the organization of the Synod in 1803. Of the first house of worship very little is known, except that it was built of pine logs, and hence called the "Pine Meeting- house." The present building is of brick, 60 x 40, with gallery in one end, and with a seating capacity of about four hundred. It was. erected in 1878 and 1879, during the pastorship of Rev. R. L. Brown, and was dedicated on the first Sunday in December, 1879, the President of Synod, Rev. L. A. Bikle, D. D., preach- ing the sermon. Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D. , lies buried in the graveyard near the church. SKETCHES OF CONGREGATIONS. I 53 The congregation owns a nice parsonage, two-stories high, with an L, containing six rooms. There are also necessary out- buildings, and several acres of land. The membership is now two hundred and sixty-eight. Pastors. Rev. J. G. Arends, Rev. W. H. Cone, Rev. C. A. G. Storch, Rev. A. U. L. Moser, Rev. Daniel Jenkins, Rev. R. L. Brown, Rev. S. Rothrock, D. D., Rev. J. M. Hedrick, Rev. William Artz, Rev. J. W. Strickler, Rev. J. B. Anthony, Rev. J. Q. Wertz, Rev. L. C. Groseclose, Rev. C. A. Brown, Rev. S. Scherer, Rev. J. P. Miller. Zion Church is located fourteen miles south from Greens- boro, in Guilford County, N. C. It was organized about the year 1812, by Rev. Jacob Scherer, and was composed of members transferred from Lau's Church, with which it has always been in pastorate relation. At first it was a union church, composed of Lutherans and German Reformed. In 1820, when the Ten- nessee Synod was organized, a part of the Lutherans united with that Synod, and from then until 1845 there were three congre- gations worshiping in one house. Then it became wholly Lutheran, and remains so to this day, although two congregations are jointly owning the property. The congregation belonging to the North Carolina Synod now numbers twenty-eight members. The Tennessee congregation has always been numerically the stronger. The first house of worship erected when the congregation was first organized was a log-house, with end and side galleries. The present building is a pretty frame structure, erected in 1856, and is 50 x 40, with a seating capacity of about four hun- dred. J 54 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Pastors. Rev. Jacob Scherer, Rev. William Artz, Rev. John Swicegood, Rev. Simeon Scherer, Rev. B. C. Hall, Rev. William A. Julian, Rev. E. P. Parker, Rev. A. D. L. Moser, Rev. B. W. Cronk, Rev. H. M. Brown. CHAPTER XV. NOTEWORTHY TRANSACTIONS OF SYNOD. 1803 Monday, May 2d, the first conference or convention to organize the Synod of North Carolina met in Salisbury, N. C. The Sunday previous several of the ministers preached in Pine Church, now Union Church, where the Holy Supper was administered to many communicants. The ministers present at this convention were : 1. Rev. Johann Gottfried Arends, of Lincoln County. 2. Rev. Robert J. Miller, English Lutheran preacher, of the same county. 3. Rev. Carl August Gottlieb Storch, near Salisbury. 4. Rev. Paul Henkel, from Abbot's Creek, Rowan County. It was resolved that Pastor Paul Henkel should visit Rev. Arends' congregation next August, and perform the necessary Ministerial Acts, because Pastor Arends' want of sight and other bodily infirmities disabled him from attending to them. This was accordingly done. 1803 Monday, October 17th, the North Carolina Synod re- assembled with the above-mentioned ministers and Philip Henkel as Catechist. Place of meeting, Lincolnton, N. C. At this meeting the first Constitution was adopted. 1804 Very little business was transacted at this meeting of the Synod, because most all the ministers were incapaci- tated on account of the prevailing fever. 1810 Protracted meetings were recommended, to last three days, to which Moravian and Reformed ministers should be welcomed to assist ; this was resolved on motion of Rev. Philip Henkel. At this meeting, Rev. Gottlieb Schober, of the Moravian Church, was ordained as a Lutheran minister. (J55) T56 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. 1811 The Minutes contain the " Extract of the Journal of Rev. Robert Johnson Miller, the First Missionary of the Lu- theran Church in North Carolina." The Minutes were printed for the first time in the English language, and contain ' ' A Proposed Constitu- tion for an Orphan School in the United States, Consti- tuted by the Synod of the Lutheran Ministry of North Carolina," containing ten articles. Also an order of service for the burial of the dead. 1813 The Minutes of this meeting are lengthy, 52 pages. They contain the missionary journals of Revs. R. J. Miller and Jacob Scherer ; besides extracts of sermons, and ac- counts of remarkable occurrences, furnished by Rev. Miller. 1 814 An Appendix to the Minutes contains the correspondence of Revs. Storch and Schober with Bishop Von Vleck, of the Moravian Church, for a supply of ministers, which was fruitless, as the Bishop laments that the want of min- isters is also great in his own Church. 1815 The Synod ordered a special conference to be held in Bethel Church, Lexington District, S. C, by Revs. Storch, Miller, and Schober, and the Lutheran ministers in the vicinity, to adjust certain difficulties and misun- derstandings of the rules of Synod. This conference was held and the best results followed. Their report was submitted at the next meeting of Synod. 1816 Trouble arose in Synod, from Lincoln County, N. C, about the ordination question, that licensed candidates should not perform Ministerial Acts without having been first ordained. But the Synod resolved that it would not act differently from the Pennsylvania Ministerium, that a licentiate could with good conscience perform all minis- terial duties. 1817 A letter was read from Rev. John Bachman, D. D. , of Charleston, S. C, in which he expressed the desire that a theological seminary, to educate ministers, would be estab- lished ; that his congregation Avould cheerfully contribute NOTEWORTHY TRANSACTIONS OF SYNOD. 1 57 toward this object. That he regrets not being able to attend this Synod, though he belongs to the New York Ministerium, because of the season of the year in which the North Carolina Synod is held. It was also ordered that the book, " Luther," be pub- lished in the English language, and that the English minutes be published in the same. 1819 Time of meeting changed from Trinity Sunday to second Sunday after Easter ; this was done to elect and send deputies to the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, held in Baltimore, Md., on Trinity Sunday, for the purpose of forming a general union of all Lutheran Synods, which resulted, a year later, in the organization of the General Synod. This change of time became the beginning of the division in the North Carolina Synod, and occurred at St. John's Church, Cabarrus County, then called Buffalo Creek Church. 1820 Repeated and earnest efforts were made at this Synod to heal the breach made in the Synod last year, but without success, so the following fall the seceding party organized the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod. 1821 Rev. R. J. Miller took his departure from Synod to unite with the Episcopal Church, and Rev. J. E. Bell reported by letter that he had united himself with the Presbyterian Church. 1824 A letter from South Carolina was read, informing the Synod that the ministers in that State had taken steps to form their own Synod, but desiring to labor in har- mony with this body, which feeling was reciprocated, and, in 1825, a delegate was appointed to visit said Synod. 1827 First settled pastor sent to Illinois — the Rev. John C. A. Schoenberg. 1828 " The Evangelical Lutheran Missionary Society for North Carolina and Adjacent States" was organized. 1831 March 27th, the Rev. C. A. G. Storch, Senior of this 158 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Ministerium, departed this life, of which the Synod made honorable and affectionate mention. 1832 The second and very lengthy Constitution adopted. 1834 The congregation at Hillsboro, 111., organized by Rev. Daniel Scherer, was received in connection with the North Carolina Synod. 1835 Messrs. Charles Fisher, Emanuel Shober, Daniel M. Bar- ringer, Colonel John Smith, and Rev. Daniel Jenkins were appointed a committee to formulate a plan for a manual labor school, in the bounds of Synod, and to re- ceive bids for its location, which, however, resulted fruit- lessly, doubtless owing to the overture made by the Synod of South Carolina the next year ( 1836), when Rev. E. L. 1836 Hazelius, D. D., and Mr. Henry Muller were sent as com- missioners to induce this Synod to make the classical and theological institution at Lexington, S. C, also our insti- tution of learning. The liberal offer of the South Caro- lina Synod was accepted, and this relationship continued until the establishment of North Carolina College. 1840 The third Constitution of Synod adopted, and printed in the Minutes, as formerly. 1841 " The Secretary brought to the notice of Synod the con- dition of the lands bequeathed to the Directors of the Seminary at Gettysburg, Pa., amounting to two thousand acres or more, by our late venerable Father Shober, stat- ing that during an interview lately had with E. Shober, Esq., executor, he (E. Shober) stated that he had written to the President of the General Synod, and to the Direc- tors of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, request- ing them to appoint an agent to dispose of the lands, to prevent intrusion, etc.; and that all his communications thus addressed had been treated with neglect. He also informed the Secretary that, since the death of his father, he had regularly paid the taxes on said lands, but that he could do so no longer. Whereupon, it was "Resolved, That the President correspond with the Directors of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg,, NOTEWORTHY TRANSACTIONS OF SYNOD. 1 59 relative to the lands bequeathed to that institution by our venerable Father Shober, deceased, with a view that they may not be lost to the Church." 1842 The President of Synod reported that he had addressed "a letter to the Board, and received an answer from their Secretary, Rev. John X. Hoffman, in which he assures us that due attention shall be paid to the subject, and that every effort will be made to secure the bequest of Father Shober. ' ' Later on the Synod was informed that Rev. S. S. Schmucker was authorized to sell these lands ; but as they were located in the mountains of Xorth Carolina very little was realized from the sale of them. Had they been retained until this time, they would have become exceedingly valuable for the timber alone that was stand- ing on them. 1843 Considerable money was raised for a Centenary Fund, and- several succeeding Synods made large additions thereto. These funds were applied to the various objects of the Synod, and finally to the then future college. 1846 Another Constitution of the Synod was adopted, and appended to the Minutes. 1852 The first step was taken toward the establishment of a male institution of learning in the bounds of the Synod ; suggested in the President's report; and 1853 In commemoration of the semi-centennial of the organi- zation of the Synod, the establishment of the Western Carolina Male Academy, Mount Pleasant, X. C, was decided at a convention held for that purpose in Con- cord, X. C, July 21st, 1S52, and carried into effect. In the year 1859 the academy became a college. Special services were resolved to be held in all the churches in gratitude to God for His blessing during the past fifty years of the existence of the Synod. 1855 The fifth Constitution of Synod was adopted and printed with the Minutes. Also at a convention preceding the meeting of Synod, all the congregations connected l60 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD, with the Synod formed themselves into regular pastorates, making in all about twelve charges. 1858 A committee was appointed to visit the cities of Wilming- ton and Newbern, to inquire into the condition of the German and English Lutherans residing there, with the view of organizing Lutheran Churches in those places. The committee succeeded in organizing St. Paul's Luth- eran Church in Wilmington. 1859 St. Mark's Lutheran Church in the city of Charlotte was organized. The establishment of these new congrega- tions in these two important cities of our State gave the Synod a prominence in the Church-at -large, and a spirit of progress which has been a blessing to it up to this time. Rev. John H. Mengert was chosen as the mis- sionary in Wilmington, and Rev. Alexander Phillippi the missionary to labor in Charlotte. 1861 The Synod to a certain extent severed its connection with the General Synod, as the war between the States made " it impracticable to send our delegates to the next meet- ing to convene at Lancaster, Pa." 1862 The Synod finally withdrew from the General Synod, and resolved to form, in connection with other Lutheran Synods in the South, a Southern General Synod of their own. 1868 The first step was taken to arrange for a colored Lutheran ministry to labor exclusively among the colored popula- tion of this State, which finally resulted in forming their own Synod. The female seminary at Mount Pleasant, N. C, be- came an institution of the Synod ; the money for that purpose having been collected at the North by Rev. G. D. Bernheim. 1869 At an adjourned meeting of Synod, held in Salem Church, Rowan County, August 26th, 1869, the North Carolina Synod adopted a thoroughly Lutheran doctrinal basis, conformable to the teachings of the symbolical books. 1870 The sixth Constitution of Synod, as adopted at the ad- NOTEWORTHY TRANSACTIONS OF SYNOD. l6l journed meeting of last year, was appended to and printed with the Minutes of this year. 187 1 The Synod dissolved its connection with the Southern General Synod. 1879 The seventh Constitution of Synod was printed with this year's Minutes. 1880 The " Proposed Constitution for the Use of Congregations of the Synod" was published with the Minutes; so also was the Constitution of Synod republished. 1881 Synod reunited with the General Synod of the South. 1887 Synod was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of North Carolina. (See Minutes, page 18. ) Synod was informed of the merging of the Southern General Synod into the United Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the South, which was consummated June, 1SS6, without a negative vote, thus healing the long-continued division of 1819 and 1820, "and uniting all the Lutheran Synods in the South Atlantic States into one general body. ' ' 1889 The colored Lutheran ministers were organized at their special request into a separate Synod of their own, under the name and title of the Alpha Synod ; they subse- quently united themselves with the Missouri Synod. August 27th, 18S9, a new or revised Constitution of Synod was adopted, making the eighth in number. 1891 Two important legacies for the benefit of our Church in North Carolina were reported this year ; they were made by Capt. W. A. Barrier, who departed this life in Char- lotte, October 8th, 1890 ; and Capt. T. L. Seigle, also of Charlotte, who died February 27th, 1891 : both these legacies were in favor of St. Mark's Lutheran Church, Charlotte; that of Capt. Barrier also included 51000.00 to North Carolina College and a considerable sum to our Southern Theological Seminary, with the proviso that, if said seminary should fail of being established, the amount intended for that institution should be given to this Synod for the benefit of Home Missions. A copy of 1 62 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Capt. Barrier's will is published in the Minutes of this year. 1892 Several years ago a legacy was left to Synod by Mr. M. A. Blackwelder, which was, however, involved in litigation, and Synod did not receive any benefit from it until 1892 (see page 25 of Minutes of Synod), when Synod dis- posed of its interest in the land to Mr. A. D. Misen- heimer for the sum of $500.00. 1896 The Synod this year was called upon to mourn the loss of three of its most useful and worthy members: Rev. J. B. Davis, D.D. , was taken from earth to heaven in Salem, Va. , January 3d, 1896, formerly President of North Caro- lina College, an able preacher, and a very scholarly man. The next was Mr. I. Frank Patterson, the honored Treas- urer of Synod, called away in the midst of his years and usefulness, and who bequeathed to the Synod the sum of $2000.00, the interest of which is to be devoted to Home Missions in the bounds of this Synod ; a very timely legacy and very much needed. Mr. Patterson died at China Grove, N. C, February 18th, 1896. After him, the Lord called Rev. Prof. J. D. Shirey, D. D., Presi- dent of North Carolina College, to his rest, who departed this life in Mount Pleasant, N. C, on Easter Sunday morning, April 5th, 1896. Rev. B. H. W. Runge's death was also reported at this Synod. This young brother was but thirteen days in the ministry, and died in Wil- mington, N. C, June 15th, 1895. 1899 The Theological Seminary of the South was removed from Newberry, S. C, to Mount Pleasant, near Charleston, S. C, in the fall of 1898, and has now a local habitation of its own, which has brought it at once into prominence and gave it prosperity. It was reported in the Minutes in the following glowing terms: "It is with special gratitude and encouragement we can call attention to the fact that this school of the prophets has been perma- nently established in a home of its own in Mount Pleasant, NOTEWORTHY TRANSACTIONS OF SYNOD. 1 63 S. C. , a suburb of the city of Charleston ; and that, at its head, has been secured the services of our beloved brother, Rev. J. A. Morehead, who, with the able assistance of the local talent of Charleston, afford the institution a strong and ample teaching force." CHAPTER A TABULATED SKETCH OF EVERY MINISTER THAT {Read across both pages.) w a s Names of Ministers. Licensed, Where, When, by Whom. Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. T Adolph Nussmann Johann Gottfried Arends Arnold Roschen Christopher E. Bernhardt Charles A. G. Storch. . . . Robert J. Miller PaulHenkel As a converted Roman Catholic priest... Organ Church, Aug. 28, 1775, by Rev. Joachim Buelow. 2 3 4 5 6 As teacher, Oct. 16, 1772, in Gottingen, Germany. Came to North Carolina, fall of 1788.... Helmstaedt, Germany, March 12, 1788, by Rev. J. C. Velthusen, D. D. St. John's, Cabarrus, May 20, 1794, by the Lutheran ministry in North Carolina. Philadelphia Pa., June 6, 1792, Pennsyl- vania Ministerium. Union Church, N. C, April, 1805, North Carolina Synod. Abbot's Creek Church, Oct., 1808, North Carolina Synod. Came to North Carolina, Sept. 1788... . 7 8 9 June, 1800, by Pennsylvania Minis- terium. Davidson Co., Oct. 22, 1804, North Carolina Synod. Abbot's Creek, Oct. 22, 1804, North Carolina Synod. Philip Henkel John Ludwig Markert.. . John Michael Rickert. . Gottlieb Schober Organ Church, Oct. 21, 1810, North Caro- lina Synod. *3 J 4 IS t6 Organ Church, Oct. 23, 1810, North Carolina Synod. Organ Church, Oct. 23, 1810, North Carolina Synod. In South Carolina, spring of 1812, by Rev. Storch and others, in special conference. Lau's Church, Oct. 18, 1812, North Caro- lina Synod. Lincolnton, N. C, April 6, 1812, by North Carolina Synod. Lau's Church, Oct. 20, 1812, North Caro- lina Synod. St. John's, Cabarrus, April 28, 1819, North Carolina Synod. In 1822, by G. Dreher and M. Rauch, committee of North Carolina Synod. Charles Z. H. Schmidt. . 17 Lincolnton, April 6, 1812, North Caro- lina Synod. Lincolnton, April 6, 1812, North Caro- lina Synod. Lau's Church, Oct. 19, 1812, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 19, 1812, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 20, 1812, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 20, 1812, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 20, 1812, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. 19 20 John Yost Meetze Philip Roth . 23 Jacob Miller June 4, 1822, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. (164) XVI. HAS EVER BEEN CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. j Admitted to 3 North Carolina g Synod, Whence, Removed, How, When. Age. Yrs. Mos. Dys. Buried. i The pioneer Lutheran pastor in North Car- olina. 2 One of the organizers of the North Carolina Synod. 3 Returned to Germany. Died Nov. 3, 1794. Died July 9, 1807.. 3 Some. 6 28 4 Oct. 20, iS Died in South Carolina, 47 Aug. 27, 1809. One of the organizers of Synod. One of the organizers of Synod. One of the organizers of Synod. Oct. 17, 1803, as cate- chet. Labored in Davidson Co.,N. C. Died March 27, 1831 66 9 11 Died 1834 70 11 11 Died Oct. 9, 1S33 54 17 Died Nov. 22, 1850 Dropped by North Caro- lina Synod, May 4,1833. Died June 29, 1838 Labored in Stokes and . Forsythe Counties. Always a member of Died Aug. 13, 1854 North Carolina Synod. Nothing more heard of him. Labored in South Car- olina. An organizer of South Carolina Synod. An organizer of South Carolina Synod. Died July 28, 1875 85 Died March 2, i860 73 Died in Tennessee, 1814. Died in South Carolina, Sept. 4, 1829. Died in Lincoln Co., July 49 11, 1839. Died Feb. 26, 1869 8S > An organizer of South Died May 7, 1833 . Carolina Svnod. Labored in Guilford Co., N. C Expelled Oct. 21, i8i7,by North Carolina Synod. Died in 1824. St. John's Grave- vard. Cabarrus Co., N. C. Lincolnton, N. C. Labored in Davidson Co.,N. C. Near St. Michael's Came to America two Church, South years before Storch. Carolina. Organ Church. Lenoir, N. C Returned to Episcopal Church, June, 1821. New Market, Va. . . Abundant in labors. Randolph Co., N. C. Labored often as trav- eling missionary. Portland Mills, Ind. First Missionary of Synod in Ohio, In- diana, and Illinois. Salem, N. C. Guilford Co. Wanted to be ordained as a Reformed min- ister. Lexington District, United with Tennessee S. C. Synod. Columbus, Texas . . Abundant in labors. Lexington District, S. C. Lincoln Co., N. C. Lexington Count}-, Honored for his long S. C. and useful life in the Church. Lexington District. S. c. 23 Moved to Indiana. (165) i66 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Names of Ministers. David Henkel John Peter Schmucker. 26|jacob Zink 271 Andrew Henkel 28 Adam Miller 29' John Dreher 30 Daniel Scherer I 31 ! Daniel Walcher 32 Joseph E. Bell 33 Martin Walther.. . . 34 Michael McMakin. 33 Jacob Moser 3 6iMartin Kibler 37|Adam Grimes 38 Andrew Seechrist.. 39;John Reichert 40 Samuel Herscher. . . 41 William Jenkins. Daniel J. Hauer, D. D. John C. A. Schoenberg John Reck John P. Klein (Cline).. Julius C. W. Schyler. . . 47 Henry Graeber, M. D.. 48AVilliam Artz Licensed, When, Where, by Whom. June 6, 3(819, by Philip Henkel.. May 30, 1820, Lincolnton, N. C. July 19, 1820, Solomon's, Tenn., Tennes- see Synod. July 19, 1820, Solomon's, Tenn., Tennes- see Synod. Was never ordained Oct. 19, 1813, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 19, 1813, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 18, 1814, Organ Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 19, 1814, Organ Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 17, 1815, Emanuel's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 17. 1815, Emanuel's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 22, 1816, Guilford Co., North Caro- lina Synod. Oct. 22, 1816, Guilford Co., North Caro- lina Synod. Oct. 22, 1816, Guilford Co., North Caro-ljune 6, 1819, by Philip Henke Una Synod. Oct. 21, 1817, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. Oct. 22, 1817, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. May 31, 1820, Lincolnton, North Caro- lina Synod. May 31, 1820, Lincolnton, North Caro- lina Synod. Ordained, When, Where, by Whom. June 18, 1821, Lau's Church, North Caro- lina Synod. Was never ordained June 18, 1821, Lau's Church, by North Carolina Synod. April 4, 1824, St. John's, Lexington Dis- trict, S. C, by South Carolina Synod. June 18, 1821, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. June 18, 1821, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. June 19, 1821, Lau's Church, North Carolina Synod. June 4, 1822, Pilgrim's Church, North Carolina Synod. Was never ordained. May 4, 1831, Organ Church, North Caro- lina Synod. Was never ordained Jan. 14, 1824, St. Michael's, S. C, by I South Carolina Synod. May 4, 1824, St. John's, Cabarrus, ] May 7, 1828, Union Church, Rowan, North Carolina Synod. I North Carolina Synod.. May 9, 1826, Zion's Church, Botetourt May 6, 1829, St. John's, Wythe, Va., by Co., Va., North Carolina Synod Jan. 15, 1824, St. Michael's, South Carolina Synod. 49 1 David P. Rosenmiller. I 50 Jacob Kaempffer John T. Tabler Samuel Rothrock, D. D, Daniel Jenkins Edwin A. Bolles. North Carolina Synod May 7, 1828, Union Church, Rowan, North Carolina Synod. May 10, 1826, Zion's Church, Botetourt [ Co., Va., by North Carolina Synod Zion's Church, Va., May 8, 1826, North St. John's, Virginia, May 6,1829, North Carolina Synod. I Carolina Synod. St. Paul's, Lincoln Co., May 9, 1827,' North Carolina Synod. June 7, 1818, by Pennsylvania Synod. . Fredericktown, Md., Sept. 5, 182 Lau's Church, May 4, 1830, North Caro- Organ Church, May 4, 1831, North Caro- lina Synod. | lina Synod. Lau's Church, May 4, 1830, North Caro-Organ Church, May 4, 1831, North Caro- lina Synod Lau's Church, May 4, 1830, North Caro- lina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Lincoln Co., May 21, 1832, North Carolina Synod. Frieden's Church, May 4, 1833, North Carolina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Virginia, May 7, 1834, North Carolina Synod. Pilgrim's Church, May 17, 1836, North Carolina Synod. lina Synod. Organ Church, May 4, 1831, North Caro- lina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Virginia, May 7, zi North Carolina Synod. Ebenezer, Georgia, March 12, 1837, by South Carolina Synod. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. 167 2 Admitted to g North Carolina S Synod, Whence, e> When. Removed, How, When. Age. Yrs.Mos.Dys. Remarks. 24 Died June 15, iS 25 26 27 Died April 23, 1870. Died July 6, 1844.. Lincoln Co An organizer of Ten- nessee Synod. Labored in Virginia. Germantown, Ohio. 29 Died 1847, Lexington J District, S. C. 30 Died April 4, 1852 62 31 Expelled by North Caro- i lina Synod, May 5, 1823. 32 Joined the Presbyterians, May 20, 1821. 33 34 Joined the Tennessee' ; Synod. 35 Died Dec. 26, 1865 36 Joined the Maryland Synod. 37 Died March 22, 18c Washington Co., Va. Mt. Carmel, 111 Labored in North Car- olina and Illinois. An organizer of South Carolina Synod. In his 83d year. Wilkes Co. Expelled May 5, 1835. Died in South Carolina. 40 Expelled by South Caro- lina Synod, Nov. 26, 1825. 41 Died Oct. 27, 1877 42 Died Nov. 27, 1901 Died New Market, Va. Shelbyville, Tenn. . Labored in Tennessee. Hanover, Pa. Missionary to Illinois. 46 47 Mar) land and Virginia Died Sept. n, 1843 50 7 13 Synod, 1828. 48 Died April 19, 1876 71 10 18 49 Died Sept. 26, 1880 7r 3 4 50 Died Jan. 20, 1SS0 79 5 27 51 Expelled Sept. 28, 1841. 52 Died Nov. 2, 1894 84 n 6 Organ Church. St. John's, Cab. Co. Lancaster, Pa. Glen Rock, Pa. Union Church, ' Labored all his life in Rowan Co., N. C. North Carolina, a ■ ministry of sixty-one years. Died Dec. 22, 18 3i 9 12 Columbia, S. C. HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. 56 Names of Ministers. Licensed, Where, When, by Whom. Benjamin Arey John Schweisguth (Swicegood). Elijah Hawkins Pilgrim's Church, May 17, 1836, North Carolina Synod. Pilgrim's Church, May 18, 1836, North Carolina Synod. St. John's Church, Lexington, S. C, I Nov. 16, 1836, South Carolina Synod. Philip A. Strobel St. John's Church, Lexington, S. C, Nov. 16, 1836, South Carolina Synod. Jacob Crim St. John's, Charleston, S. C, Nov. 16, 1837, South Carolina Synod. John J. Greever St. Michael's Church, Oct. 6, 1840, North Carolina Synod. N.Aldrich St. Michael's Ch., Oct. 6, 1840, North Carolina Synod. Gideon Scherer St. Michael's Church, Oct. 6, 1840, North Carolina Synod. John D. Scheck j Ebenezer, Georgia, Nov. 26, 1827, South Carolina Synod. William G. Harter iSt. John's, Charleston, S. C, Nov. 16, I 1837, South Carolina Synod: Joseph A. Linn St. James' Church, Concord, May 6, j 1844, North Carolina Synod. Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. Zion's Church, Virginia, May 16, 1838, North Carolina Synod. Hopewell Church, Aug. 31, 1851, North Carolina Synod. Zion's Church, Virginia, May 16, 1838, North Carolina Synod. Zion's Church, Virginia, May 16, 1838, North Carolina Synod. Sandy Creek, N. C, Nov. 7, 1841, North Carolina Synod. Zion's Church, Virginia, May 24, 1842, North Carolina Synod. Ebenezer, Georgia, Nov. 31, 1841, South Carolina Synod. Zion's Church, Virginia, May 24, 1842, North Carolina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Newberry District, Nov. 21, 1830, South Carolina Synod. St. John's Church, Broad River, S. C, Nov. 13, 1838, South Carolina Synod. St. Matthew's Church, Rowan, July 27, 1845, North Carolina Synod. By Methodist Church in 1832 Was never ordained Jacob B. Anthony William H. Fink iOrgan Church, May 3, 1847, North Carolina Synod. John H. Coffman ISt. Paul's, Catawba, May 8, 1848, North : Was never ordained Carolina Synod. Burrell N. Hopkins j St. John's, Cabarrus, May 9, 1849, North Was never ordained Carolina Synod. Levi C. Groseclose Pine Grove, Va., Sept. 6, 1849, South western Virginia Synod. John S. Heilig 1 St. Stephen's Church, May 6, 1851 North Carolina Synod. St. Peter's Church, Virginia, Sept. 24, 1S50,' Southwestern Virginia Synod. St. Enoch's Church, Oct. 29, 1854, North; Carolina Synod. Simeon Scherer St. Peter's, Virginia, Aug. 30, Southwestern Virginia Synod. William Gerhard, D. D.. Mifflinburg, Pa., Sept. 28, 1847. . Daniel I. Dreher St. Matthew's Church, South Carolina, Nov. 16, 1853, South Carolina Synod. Bryant C. Hall Fredericktown, N. C, May 8, 1855, North Carolina Synod. Paul Kistler Ebenezer, Georgia, Nov. 31, 1841, South Carolina Synod. Caleb Lentz St. Enoch's, North Carolina, May 6, 1856, North Carolina Synod. William A. Julian St. Enoch's, North Carolina, May 6, 1856, North Carolina Synod. G. D. Bernheim, D. D..,St. Andrew's, Lexington District, S. C, 1 Nov. 14, 1849, South Carolina Synod. John L. Smithdeal St. Paul's, Alamance, N. C, May 3, 1858, North Carolina Synod. John H. Mengert University of Basel, Aug., 1836. Daniel H. Bittle, D. D. . Cincinnati, Ohio, April 18, 1848. St. Peter's Church, Virginia, Sept. 24, 1850, Southwestern Virginia Synod, Pottsville, Pa., May 29, 3850, Pennsyl- 1 vania Ministerium. Concord, N. C, June 8, 1856 Luther Chapel, North Carolina, Aug.j 29, 1858. St. Matthew's Church, South Carolina. Nov. 16, 1843, South Carolina Synod, j Luther Chapel, North Carolina, Aug.j 28, 1858, North Carolina Synod. Salem Church, North Carolina, May 29,' 1859, North Carolina Synod. Charleston, S. C, May 15, 1853, South! Carolina Svnod. Baden, Germany, Oct. 2, 183c Dayton, Ohio, April 17, 1849. Louis A. Bikle, D. D St. Mark's, Charlotte, May 28, 1859, North Carolina Synod. Alexander Phillippi.D.D St. Mark's, Charlotte, May 28, 1859, North Carolina Synod. Organ Church, May 4, 1862, North Caro- lina Synod. Wytheville, Va., Aug., 1861, Southwest- ern Virginia Synod. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. 169 Admitted to North Carolina Synod, Whence, When. Removed, How, When. Age. Yrs.Mos.Dys. 72 Died July 11, 1876 73 Pennsylvania Minis- Ministerium of Pennsyl- terium, 1855. ; vania, 1861. 74 South Carolina Synod. Died Feb. 18, 1871 75 From Methodist Died July 19, 1864 Church. 76 South Carolina Synod, Joined the Methodists in May 2, 1856. J 859. 77 Died Sept. 30, 1863. 78 79 South Carolina Synod. April 29, 1858. 80 Died 55 J Honorably dismissed j May 29, 1855. 56' I Died Sept. 9, 1870 75 57 South Carolina Synod,: May 30, 1837. 58 South Carolina Synod, Died May 30, 1837. 1 59 South Carolina Synod, ; Died April 23, 1839. 60 Died June 30, 1877. . . 61 Died June 3, t866 62 One of the organizers of Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod. 63 South Carolina Synod,, Died. Sept. 24. 1841. 64 South Carolina Synod,' Died. Sept. 24, 1841. 65 [Died March 16, 1864. 66 Methodist Church, [Died Nov. 20, 1886 May 6, 1844. 67 j Dropped Nov. 12, 1850, by South Carolina Synod. 68 Expelled by North Caro- lina Synod, May 1, 1852. ' 69 Expelled by North Caro- lina Synod, May 4, 1853. 70 Southwestern Virginia To Southern Illinois Synod, May 1, 1851. I Synod, 1873. 71 Died Aug. 12, 1885 83 To Tennessee Synod, 81 Evansville, Ind., April Died Oct. 26, 1876 62 4 10 28, 1859. 82 Salem, Va., April 28, Died Jan. 14, 1874 54 7 8 Shady Grove, N. C. JDansville, N. Y. Texas. Burke's Garden, Va. Charlotte, N. C. Organ Church Killed going from .church by a fall from his horse. Mt. Pleasant, N. C. Concord, N. C 'Transferred to Mary- land Synod, Sept. 8, 1866. Frieden's Church, Gibsonville, N.C. Organ Church, North Carolina. Lau's Church. First principal of W. Ca. Male Academy at Mt. Pleasant, N. C. Ancram, N. Y Transferred to South Carolina Synod, Jan.- 9, i860. Gardenville, Md... First pastor of St. Paul's, Wilmington. Savannah, Ga First President of North Carolina College. Moved to Virginia. 170 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Names of Ministers. Licensed, Where, When, ey Whom. Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. .99 100 101 James R. Sikes Whitson Kimball... James D. Stingley. . Martin M. Miller George F. Schaefer . W. H. Cone J. W. Barrier A. D. L. Moser L. W. Heydenreich. Sandy Creek, N. C, May 7, i860, North Carolina Synod. Sandy Creek Church, May 5, i860. North Carolina Synod. Charleston, Nov. 18, 1846, South Caro- lina Synod. St. Mark's Church, Charlotte, May 2, 1863, North Carolina Synod. Organ Church, May 4, 1862, North Caro- lina Synod. Ad interim, May, 1858 Organ Church, July 4, 1866, Conference of North Carolina Synod. Bethlehem Church, Oct. 19, 1863, South Carolina Synod. Frieden's Church, Aug. 5, 1861, North Carolina Synod. Organ Church, May 4, 1862, North Car- olina Synod. St. Andrew's Church, Nov. 14, 1849, South Carolina Synod. Was never ordained Hollidaysburg, Pa., Sept., 1865, by Alle- ghany Synod. Salem, Va., Au^., 1858, Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod. Was never ordained St. Mark's, Edgefield, Oct. 22, 1866, South Carolina Synod. Charles H. Bernheim . . . Bethlehem Church, Nov. 13, 1855, South Carolina Synod. J. H. Fesperman Lau's Church, May 2,1868, by North j Carolina Synod. R. L. Brown 'Lau's Church, May 2, 1868, North Car- olina Synod. Lau's Church, May 2, 1868, North Car- olina Synod. Jan., 1861, South Carolina Synod VV. R. Ketchie J. D. Bowles Philip M. Bikle, Ph. D. Jacob G. Neiffer W. E. Hubbert 02 E. P. Parker 103 P. E. Zink 104 H. M. Brown 05 D. M. Henkel, D. D.... 06 J. B. Davis, D. D 107 J. H. Harry 108 Calvin W. Sifferd, D. D. 109 T. W. Dosh, D. D no V. R. Stickley in R. VV. Petrea 112 E. A. Wingard, D. D... . 113 S. S. Rahn, D. D 114 William A. Lutz 115 Franklin P. Cook 116 J. A. Linn Washington Co., Va., 1868, by South- western Virginia Synod. Organ Church, Aug. 26, 1872, North Carolina Synod. New Market, Va., Oct. 5, i£ see Synod. Virginia Synod Smith Co., Va., Aug., 1873, Southwest- ern Virginia Synod. Ebenezer Church, Georgia, April, 1874, Georgia Synod. Pine Grove Church, Oct. 31, 1858, South Carolina Synod. Salem Church, Oct. 15, 1871, North Car- olina Synod. Salem Church, Oct. 15, 1871, North Car- olina Synod. Salem Church, Oct. 15, 1871, North Car- olina Synod. Sept., 1861, Georgia Synod Salem Church, Aug. 29, 1869, North Car- olina Synod. Floyd Co., Va., 1870, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. Frieden's Church, Sept. 29, 1872, Confer- ence of North Carolina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Rowan, May 4, 1873, North Carolina Synod. St. Paul's Church, Rowan, May 4, 1873, North Carolina Synod. New Market, Va., Sept. n, 1849, Tennes- see Synod. 1834, Virginia Synod Concord, July 26, 1874, North Carolina Synod. St. John's Church, Cabarrus, May 1, 1875, North Carolina Synod. Smith Co., Va., Oct. 1875, Southwestern Virginia Synod. St. Enoch's Church, May 7, 1876, North Carolina Synod. St. Luke's Church, Newberry Co., S. C, 1875, South Carolina Synod. Mt. Pilgrim Church, Nov. 1, 1874, Georgia Synod. St. Peter's Church, May 5, 1877, North Carolina Synod. St. Peter's Church, May 5, 1877, North Carolina Synod. St. Peter's Church, May 5, 1877, North Carolina Synod. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. 171 Admitted to North Carolina Synod, Whence, When. Removed, How, When. Age. Yrs.Mos.Dvs. Buried. Remarks. 85 Died Jan. 21, 1895 62 9 23 Gibsonville, N. C. 86 Died May 23, 1898 : 70 1 25 Lutheran Chapel. A very useful minister. 87 Mississippi Synod, May Died. 2, ihoi. Pittsburgh Synod, 1882. Virginia Synod, May 3, 1866. Killed in battle June 7, 30 8 19 ! Bethel Church, Ro- 1864. wan Co., N. C. South Carolina Synod May 2, 1867. East Pennsylvania Svnod, April 30, __ 1868. South Carolina Synod April 30, 1868. ■ 90 9 1 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Georgia Synod, April 29, 1869. 99 100 Virginia Synod, Aug. 25, 1870. 101 Southwestern Virginia Synod, Aug. 23, 1871. 102 103 104 Died July 20, 1867 •. ! 26 10 5 St. John's, Cabar- rus Co. Died July 26, 1893 ! 56 10 24 iCharlotte, N. C. Died March 18, 1879 73 8 2 4 Brooklyn, N. Y. Died Jan. 20, 1901 ' 69 9 14 Near Conover, N. C. To South Carolina Synod in 1874. To Maryland Synod, July 13, 1870. To District Synod of Ohio, Sept. 24, 1875. To Southwestern V* ginia Synod, April 7,1 1877. Died Dec. 23, 1892. Virginia Synod, May 1,1873. Virginia Synod, April 28, 1S75. To Indiana Synod, March 3. 1876. Died Feb. 26, 1895 108 To Southern Illinois Synod, June 10, 1875. I 109 South Carolina Synod, Died Dec. 24, 1889 59 1 3 Burkittsville, Md. May 2. 1876. no Southwestern Virginia Synod, May 2, 1876. in To Southern Illinois Synod, April 7, 1888. | 112 Smith Carolina Synod, To South Carolina Sept. 8, 1876. Synod, r'eb. 15. 1883. ! 113 South Carolina Synod, To South Carolina March 23, 1877. Synod, Oct., 1879. 114 115 To District Svnod of Ohio, April, 1878. 116 172 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Names of Ministers. Licensed, Where, When, by Whom. Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 J3 1 132 z 33 *34 W.J. Smith. B. S. Brown. Frieden's Church, May 5, 1878, North Carolina Synod. Frieden's Church, May 5, 1878, North Carolina Synod. D. J. Koontz (colored).., |Mt. Pleasant, May 1, 1880, North Carolina I Synod. S. T. Hallman, D. D....]St. Paul's Church, Newberry Co., Oct. Walhalla, S. C, Oct. 17, 1869, South Caro- 19, 1868, South Carolina Synod. I Una Synod. Oct. 30, i860, Virginia Synod Augusta Co.,Va., Oct. 20, 1861, by Vir- ginia Synod. Apollo, Pa., fall of 1873, Pittsburgh: By Pittsburgh Synod, 1876 Synod. 1877, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. Smyth Co., Va., Aug. 25, 1878, by South , western Virginia Synod. Pottstown, Pa., 1879, by Ministerium of Pennsylvania. J. D. Shirey, D. D F. W F. Peschau, D. D J. L. Buck Thomas H. Strohecker. T.S.Brown ; Washington, D. C, Oct., 1881, by I Maryland Synod. Nathan Clapp (colored) Samuel Holt (colored). J. M. Hedrick C. A. Rose J. C. F. Rupp W. Stoudenmire J. W. Strickler I May 20, 1882, Southwestern Virginia i Synod. Madison, Va., April, 1877, Southwestern Virginia Synod. W. G. Campbell W. R.Brown... H. A. Trexler. Clover Hollow, Giles Co., Va., Aug. 27, 1882, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. Augusta Co., Va. , Aug., 1877, by Virginia Synod. Easton, Pa., June 22, 1886, by Ministerium of Pennsylvania. Easton, Pa., June 22,1886, by Ministerium of Pennsylvania. St. Michael's Church, Iredell, May 3, 1887, North Carolina Synod. Holston Synod, Sept. 25, 1872. ► J. G. Schaidt . Pennsylvania Ministerium, 1875. B. W. Cronk Botetourt Co., Va., Aug., 1884, by Salem, Va., Aug., 1885, by Southwestern Southwestern Virginia Synod. Virginia Synod. (Sandy Creek Church, July 10, 1887, North Carolina Synod. [Philadelphia, Pa., June 7, 1887, by Minis- terium of Pennsylvania. IConcordia Church, Sept. 17, 1887, North Carolina Synod. Lancaster, Pa., June, 1888, by Ministerium C.B.King St. John's Church, Wythe Co., Va., 1885, Southwestern Virginia Synod. George H. Cox, D. D Clover Hollow, Va., Aug., 1882, by South- western Virginia Synod. 1884, North Carolina Synod. 1884, North Carolina Synod. Clover Hollow, Va., Aug., 1881, South- western Virginia Synod. D. W. Michael S. L. Keller C. B. Miller J. H. Wyse C. A. Brown C. A. Marks I1876, by Virginia Synod H. C. Haithcox, D. D. . J. Q. Wertz of Pennsylvania Salisbury, Aug. 29, 1889, North Carolina Synod. Giles Co., Va., Aug., 1877, by Southwest- ern Virginia Synod. Danville, Pa., June 16, 1873, Susquehanna Synod. Orangeburg, S. C., Oct., 1881, South Caro- lina Synod. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. 173 Admitted to North Carolina Synod, Whence, When. Removed, How, When. Age. Yrs.Mos.Dys. Buried. To Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod, March 20, 1883. South Carolina Synod, May 29, 1880. South Carolina Synod, May 2, 1883. Middle Tennessee Synod, May 3, 1882. Southwestern Virginia Synod, May 3, 1882. Pennsylvania Minis- terium. May 3, 1S82. Southwestern Virginia Synod, May 2, 1883. Died May 27, 1890. To South Carolina Synod, Oct. 22, 1883. Died April 5, 1896 To Pittsburgh Synod, April 18. 1893. To Southwestern ^ ir- ginia Synod, 1889. Concord, N. C First President of Al- pha Synod. [i 20 Mt. Pleasant, N. C. To Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod, April 19. 1892. Organizer of Alpha 1 Synod, May 8, 1889. Organizer of Alpha Synod, May 8, 1889. Died Feb. 17, 1895 50 Moved to Ontario, Can- ada. Dropped May 3, 1892. Pennsylvania Minis- terium, Aug. 10, 1886. 135 1 Pennsylvania Minis- I terium, Sept. 21, 1886. i3 6 | To Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod, 1890. To Susquehanna Synod, July 13, 1893. To Southwestern Vir- ginia Synod, Dec. 20, Holston Synod, Dec. 10, 1887. Holston Synod, May 3, 1888. Southwestern Virginia Synod, May 31, 1887. Pennsylvania Minis- terium, Feb. 1, 1888. Pennsylvania Minis- terium, Nov. 26, 1888. South Carolina Sj'nod, I May 2, 1890. East Ohio Synod, May I 2, 1890. South Carolina Synod, I May 2, 1890. To Tennessee Synod, 1890. To South Carolina Synod, March 19, 1894. To Virginia Synod, Dec. 3, I 895- i To South Carolina! Synod, 1890. To South Carolina Synod, 1890. To Virginia Synod, Feb.' 17, 1896. To Northern Illinois Synod, Dec. 9, 1890. Virginia Svnod, Aug. 16, 1884. ' Southwestern Virginia Died July 2, 1899 42 3 Synod, July 9, 1884 Pittsburgh Synod, April 24, 1885. Maryland Synod, No- vember 13, 1884. Southwestern Virginia ' Synod, Dec. 18, 18 _ Alleghany Synod, July. Charlotteville, Va. 21 Lutheran Chapel, N. C. President of Elizabeth Female College at Charlotte. 174 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. 153 154 155 IS6 *S7 158 *59 160 161 162 163 164 rf5 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 i74 ^5 176 177 Names of Ministers. Licensed, Where, When, by Whom. C. L. T. Fisher Taney town, Md., 1884, Maryland I Synod. W. P. Phifer (colored) . . Licentiate of Maryland Synod W. S. Bowman, D. D. . . ; Martin sburg, Va., Dec. 3, 1853, Virginia I Synod. Peter Miller [New Market, Va., Oct. 26, 1858, by [Oct. 22, i860, by Virginia Synod Virginia Synod. Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. Baltimore, fall of 1885, Maryland Synod. Charlotte, April 28, 1890, North Carolina Synod. Woodstock, Va., Oct. 20, 1856, Virginia Synod C. C. Lyerly March, 1881, Southern Illinois Synod.. , W. A. Deaton I , M. Wolf. H. M. Petrea... J. H. C. Fisher . W. P. Huddle.. R. L. Bame . . . . W. H. Stutts. KarlBoldt... St. John's Church, Illinois, 1886, by South ern Illinois Synod. St. Enoch's Church, May 3, 1891, North Carolina Synod. M. G. G. Scherer B. H.W. Runge H. E. H. Sloop V. Y. Boozer H. W. Jeffcoat J. D. Shealy P. H. E. Derrick H.N. Miller, Ph.D.... H. A. McCullough L. E. Busby, D. D S. D. Steffey W. B. Oney C. L.Miller G. A. Riser C. B. Cox A. G. Voigt, D. D R. C. Holland, D. D... ;St. Paul's Church, Rowan, May 3, 1892, North Carolina Synod. Martinsburg, W. Va., Oct. 7,1889, by Washington, D. C, Oct. 9, 1890, Maryland Maryland Synod. j Synod. Salem, Va., Aug. 25, 1885, by South-Pembroke, Va., Aug. 19, Southwestern western Virginia Synod. , Virginia Synod. (Lutheran (. hapel, May 5, 1893, North Carolina Synod. 1 Lutheran Chapel, May 5, 1893, North Carolina Synod. Oswego, N. Y., Sept. 9, 1889, bylRed Hook, N. Y., Sept. 28, 1890, by Synod of New York and New: Synod of New York and New Jersey. Jersey. New Market, Va., Oct. 1, 1882, by Vir- Waynesboro, Va., Oct. 14, 1883, by Vir- ginia Synod. ■ ginia Synod. St. Paul's Church, Wilmington, June 2, 1895. Bethel Church, Rowan, Aug. 23, 1894. . . . Bethel Church, Rowan, Aug. 23, 1894. Bethel Church, Rowan, Aug. 23, 1894... . Union Church, Lexington Co., S. C, 1891, by South Carolina Synod. Baltimore, Md., Oct. 5, 1893, by Mary- Frostburg, Md., Oct. n, 1894, by Mary- land Synod. land Synod. St. Michael's Church, Lexington Co., S. C.,Oct. 27, 1895, South Carolina Synod. Salem, Va., Aug., 1889, by Southwest- Burke's Garden,Va., Aug., 1892, by South ern Virginia Synod. I western Virginia Synod. Burke's Garden,Va., Aug., 1881, South-[Clover Hollow, Va., Aug., 1882, South- western Virginia Synod. I western Virginia Synod. Burlington, May 1, 1898, North Carolina I Synod. 1 Burlington, May 1, 1898, North Carolina I Synod. Organ Church, July 6, 1898, North Carolina Synod. Norristown, Pa., May 22, 1883, Pennsyl- vania Ministerium. Aurora, W. Va., Oct. 1868, by Virginia Hebron Church, Madison Co., Va., Oct., Synod. 1869, Virginia Synod. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. !75 gj | Admitted to a i North Carolina Removed, How, age. s Synod, Whhnce, < When. ,. ,, ^ Buried. Remarks. S When. Yrs.Mos.Dys. Z \ 148 Nebraska Synod, May 1 2, 1890. the Alpha Svnod, May 8, 1889. 150 Georgia Synod, May 1, Died March 26, 1900. ... 69 7 23 Charleston, S. C. 1 l8 9 J - i5ijVirginia Synod, Oct. To Southwestern \ ir- 30, 1890. ginia Svnod, Jan. 15, 1894. 152 Southern Illinois To Central and Southern I Synod, June 6, 1890. Illinois Synod, Dec. 7, l8 97-„ Synod, Sept. 28, 1891. 154 New York and New Died March 5, 1899 Poplar Mount, N.C. | Jersey Synod, June 28, 1890. | Aug. 29, 1S93. i56 i Maryland Synod, | March 24, 1892. 157 Southwestern Virginia To Yirginia Synod, Synod, May 2, 1893. March 24, 1897. 158 To Central Illinois , Synod, Nov. 30, l8 94; terium, April 25, 1894. 160 South Carolina Synod, To South Carolina 1 May 3, 1894. Synod, Jan. 19, 1898. 161 West Pennsylvania To South Carolina 1 Synod, May 3, 1894. Synod, Sept. 5. 1899. _ 6, 1896. 164 165 166 South Carolina Synod, To South Carolina 1 Nov. 27, 1894. Synod, Dec. 3. 1895. 167 Georgia Synod, Julv 6, To South Carolina 1895. Synod, Jan. 19, 1899. 168 Maryland Synod, Sept. 30, 1895. 169 South Carolina Synod, To South Carolina April 17, 1896. Synod, Aug. 11, 1898. 170 South Carolina Synod, May 4, 1896. 171 Southwestern Yirginia Synod. June 10, 1896. 172 Southwestern Yirginia To Yirginia Synod, , Synod, March 9, 1897. April 20, 1900. !73 : To Tennessee Synod, May 18, 1898. 174 To Virginia Synod, Oct. 16, 1899. 175 To Holston Synod, March 11, 1901. i76South Carolina Synod, June 17, 1898. 177 South Carolina Synod, 1 1 June 30, 1898. 1 176 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. Names of Ministers. P. L. Miller P. J. Wade. Licensed, Where, When, ey Whom. Lebanon, Va., Aug. 23, 1891, Virginia Synod. Ceres, Va., Aug., 1889, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. East Radford, Va., Aug., 1896, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. New Market, Va., Aug. 25, 1895, by Vir ginia Synod. St. Peter's Church, West Virginia, Oct., 1891, by Potomac Conference of the Vir- ginia Synod. Rural Retreat, Va., Aug. 19, 1898, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. Augusta Co., Va., Aug. 23, 1896, by Vir- ginia Synod. Newberry Co., S. C, Oct. 19, 1899, by South Carolina Synod. Salem, Va., Aug. 1885, by Southwestern Virginia Synod. Holly Grove, N. C., 1889, by Tennessee Synod. Rural Retreat, Va., 1893, by South- Blueridge Springs, Va., 1897, by South- western Virginia Synod. J western Virginia Synod. C. R. W. Kegley j .Salem, Va., Aug. 18, 1901, by Southwest- I ern Virginia Synod. E. W.Leslie R. A. Helms W. W. J. Ritchie ' E. L. Folk ' Botetourt Co., Va., May, 1885, by [ Southwestern Virginia Synod. J.P.Miller 185 W. A. Dutton . Ordained, Where, When, by Whom. TABULATED SKETCH OF MINISTERS CONNECTED WITH THE SYNOD. 177 s S3 z 178 179 180 181 182 U83 184 U 186 Admitted to North Carolina Synod, Whence, When. Removed, How, When. Remarks. Ohio Synod, July 22,1 To Wittenberg Synod, 1898. I March 19, 1901. Southwestern Virginia 1 Synod, Sept. 15, 1898. Southwestern Virginia Synod, April 8, 1899. Virginia Synod, July) 11, 1899. South Carolina Synod, Dec. 7, 1899. Virginia Synod, Jan. 26, 1901. TennesseeSynod, Dec. 23, 1900. Southwestern Virginia Synod, May 19, 1900. Southwestern Virginia Synod, Aug. 18, 1901.1 CHAPTER XVII. THE GROWTH OF THE SYNOD IN THE NUMBER OF ITS MINISTERS. A. D. 803 803 804 806 809 8lO 8ll 8l2 813 814 815 816 817 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 Minis- ters. 10 II II 8 6 7 7 15 7 7 10 9 9 Candi- dates. 5 6 6 5 11 7 9 9 5 5 4 4 Cate- chets. 3 2 7 7 6 10 6 6 5 5 Licen- tiates. Total. 5 7 7 7 11 12 14 17 22 2 3 25 25' 26 22 20 20 19 11 10 15 15 15 16 19 19 12 11 11 11 15 13 13 13 16 14 10 12 12 12 12 Remarks. Convention organized. No change reported. No change reported. Tennessee Synod was formed. South Carolina Synod organized. Minutes very incomplete. Catechets no longer admitted. Synod of (Southwestern ginia was formed. Vir- (178) GROWTH OF SYNOD IN NUMBER OF ITS MINISTERS. 179 A. D. Minis- Candi- I Cate- Licen- Total ters. ! dates. 1 chets. tiates. 1 85 1 8 1852 10 185.1 10 1854 10 I8SS 12 I8S6 12 1857 i.l 1858 1.1 IHSQ 16 i860 18 1861 18 1862 19 1863 21 1864 16 186S 14 1866 17 1867 14 1868 16 1869 19 1870 IS 1871 14 1872 18 1873 20 1874 19 187s 22 1876 19 1877 23 1878 21 1879 23 18S0 23 1881 24 1882 27 1883 29 1884 2S 188S 29 1886 28 1887 IO 1888 .IS 1889 32 1890 .14 1891 .16 1892 37 189.1 .18 1894 .12 1895 ss 1896 34 1897 14 1898 36 1899 39 1900 14 190J I 35 14 14 13 13 15 17 17 18 21 23 18 15 18 16 19 22 18 17 18 20 19 22 19 23 23 23 23 24 27 29 25 29 Remarks. The licensure system abolished. Colored ministers admitted. Colored ministers formed the Alpha .Synod. Heavy losses by death and re- movals. CHAPTER XVIII. A SUMMARY OF PAROCHIAL REPORTS. _ A Bap tisms, 1 J3 3 J3 ° ■v " -c I 3 gw V > O u < " u < 1 fc m H Cfi 1803 1810 27 1812 36 13 414 141 • 1813 28 768 266 . 1814 16 868 266 . . 22 1815 22 473 133 ■ • 36 1816 87 924 454 • . 80 1817 67 1060 442 . . 62 5 1819 67 975 518. ■ 94 1820 83 1019 446 . • 75 1821 39 578 189. . 107 1822 11 606 237 • . 122 1823 13 434 220 . • 72 1824 6 312 112 . • 5° 1825 24 1335 14 461 223 . . 80 1826 37 1393 11 453 149 • . 120 1827 34 1509 35 613 198 . . 128 1828 39 1927 26 667 245 • . 126 .'.'.'. 1829 40 1794 36 492 357 • . 122 1830 45 1888 29 636 264 . • 98 13 250 1831 33 1732 13 493 217 . • 94 14 1832 1833 1994 2 441 144 . • 7i 2 71 1834 24 1621 18 387 233 • • ! 71 6 71 1835 2 3 1572 19 321 155 • • 75 13 1836 19 1789 11 289 "3 • • 40 16 '68 440 1837 26 1759 8 356 213 . • 7i 10 22 605 1838 36 2024 17 321 223 . • 77 12 6 465 1839 22 1641 11 322 190 . . 46 14 3i 655; 1840 37 1 886 1 361 176 . • 98 10 26 450 1841 35 2343 5 344 130 . . 120 11 37 543 1842 23 1929 1 1 273 169 . • 83 7 15 345 1843 17 1463 93 56. • 76 4 12 85 1844 21 1882 9 185 238 87 . . 122 3 1845 17 2093 20 3i6. ■ 158 3 28 152 1846 21 2272 11 205 161 . • 154 5 35 196 1847 24 2082 23 229 174 1 2 97 4 1848 30 2523 26 236 217 . . 129 7 9 60 1849 23 2215 22 264 199 s 7 59 .2 80 1850 26 2482 39 294 281 - 6 68 5 201 1851 35 2472 18 264 161 7 5i 6 No report. First published list of congregations. First report. 54 slaves baptized. 40 slaves baptized. 7 slaves and 1 Indian baptized. 1 1 slaves baptized. 3 slaves baptized. No report. 25 received by letter. 47 received by letter. 2 received by letter. 4 received by letter. 9 received by letter. S.W.Va. Synod formed. 17 received by letter. 14 received by letter. 27 received by letter. 12 received by letter. 20 received by letter. (180) SUMMARV OF PAROCHIAL REPORTS. 181 . Bap isms. - 3 t/i 1? 2 2 Jg 1 | H | J Remarks. rf 3 2 ? 3 u z u — = x j" 1 > 28 2587 < — u < fa cfl — tn 1852 41 200 196 39 77 10 25 160 1853 25 2513 41 229 251 26 61 4 11 90 1854 29 2812 30 239 162 16 69 4 1855 26 2697 39 176 212 25 96 10 20 163 1856 25 2682 3 1 200 104 32 115 10 37 335 1857 28 2620 29 131 1S9 50 96 13 40 45 » 1858 32 3360 92 265 246 80137 18 5° 380 1859 24 3171 68 233 414 58 117 26 120 799 i860 38 3942 65 253 114 50 102 29 So 595 1861 39 4083 60 301 258 49 97 33 170 1 22 1 1862 38 4250 73 332 318 41 162 21 97 644 1863 38 4055 26 251 96 26317 23 113 677 1864 37 4110 59 178 315 42 226 12 71 416 1865 Few ministers present. No report. 1866 32 3109 75 159 210 16 222 11 33 250 1867 32 3471 63 139 200 34 53 « 88 752 1 868 33 3351 37 191 161 140 68 20 119 782 1869 33 3903 72 173 178 50 73 15 92 725 1S70 39 4201 97 299 254 77 S 5 28 1S81576 1871 3i 3555 35 253 153 109 105 2 3 177 1335 1872 40 4266 44 220 150 62 78 2 152 1150 1873 36 3843 23 137 "5 60 82 14 119 809 1874 41 4201 28 238 162 So 101 24 169 1345 1875 37 4131 62 283 379 145 100 24 167 1211 187635 3320 5° 251 183 55 96 26 198 1380 1877 41 4170 33 297 213 91 139 28 21S 1684 187843 45 oS 38 322 212 70134 30 266 1884 187944 4S06 77 377 315 63 131 35 3202559 1880 48 4689 36 386 190 64 123 32 267 1872 1S81 5o 4823 29 294 223 124 106 29 279 1875 1882 55 4833 29 324 176 72 98 28 267 1741 1883 56 4670 45 359 322 93 114 313 2708 1884 47 4145 3i 381 217 84106 339 2784 1885 44 410S 18 3i5 204 74 112 233 2149 1S86 50 4150 25 343 287 86 133 ... ■ 107 2596 1887 49 4613 46 3i8 293 140 146 283 3208 1888 51 4524 62 388 258 102 153 348 3640 1889 53 6310 36 343 294 l 33 55 44 53 6 346i 1890 54 6162 44 332 306 89 77 55 429 5757 1891 52 6519 47 4i5 307 109 78 5° 600 4902 1S92 53 690S 21 368 329 121 87 5° 627 4947 1893 53* 6844 49 434 274 I3 6 , 72 49 602 4791 1894 sn 7116 4i 269 37S 109 86 56 663 4834 1S95 57 7077 3i 3°3 326204 67 52 6605125 1896 62 70S7 39 330 278 152 102 57 691 5262 1897 60 7136 29 35i 219 115 99 58 6S05314 1898 53 6392 37 297 277 129 89 54 643 5290 1899 60 7347 *3 353 283 141 78 59 9035705 1900 62 8167 40 415 256209 118 54 637 5244 1901 58 8i73 17 352 296 168 90 5° 664 5469 CHAPTER XIX. A SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL REPORTS. Date. "5 ■3 c >. a 1 i XI s c 3.2 w a -a W c c he U OJ c > c a! O H Remarks. 1811 $43 4° 53 20 27 05 41 01 40 85 39 9° 47 7° $70 44 $113 84 53 20 173 75 41 01 40 85 39 9° 47 7° 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 146 70 1817 1818 No Synod held. 1819 234 12 51 00 49 IO 58 60 70 66 47 45 25 94 62 01 62 19 85 07 96 17 59 78 63 06 4 1 52 39 92 45 °6 46 84 47 2 1 94 24 74 46 69 87 66 50 62 18 48 74 33 *7 41 81 S 8 06 57 28 52 24 42 72 5° 49 52 97 64 79 60 09 64 89 71 06 88 42 77 63 70 62 $246 75 480 87 51 00 49 IO 58 '60 70 66 93 °5 25 94 62 01 62 19 85 °7 96 17 74 °3 152 65 4 1 52 56 09 76 00 63 8 4 58 71 655 94 3" 46 378 75 34° 8 5 256 39 105 75 99 i° 257 11 235 24 131 96 157 82 132 63 163 73 189 19 132 25 208 90 197 52 187 40 487 86 «8 ?8 1821. .. 1823 1824 1825 1826. .. 45 60 1827 1828. .. 1829 1830 1831 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 *§44 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 T850 14 25 89 59 16 17 3° 94 17 00 11 50 31 00 * 84 43 no 85 69 21 35 49 34 03 40 55 41 97 35 68 77 °8 78 08 56 74 136 22 1 53° 7° 237 00 224 45 163 5o 125 00 21 52 31 9° 174 75 155 21 39 °° 28 50 11 83 56 5° 1851 1852 1853 T854 1855 1856 1857 JS67 46 148 81 73 11 80 31 36 19 64 50 67 33 #59 52 $36 03 3 6 3 25 27 00 695 69' 860 64 * Education added. (182) SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL REPORTS. 183 Date. 1858. 1859. i860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. Remarks. Sioo 70 §i* , 4 89 105 55! *43i 85 I °» 35 118 22 119 99 215 00 572 5o 353 15 2 '3 94 3°5 49 763 19 t f22I40 OO $251 61 fe37 357 25 23034 695 25 1027 485 80 911 616 20 1594 2627 00 3199 Only Home Mission Society. 1866 109 18 1867 129 68 1868 ! 79 05 l86 9 I 9 2 95 l8 7° : 293 77 1871 400 17 l8 72 J 497 35 l8 73 426 19 l8 74 ! 3 J 9 6 7 1875 I 213 59 l8 76 ; 413 7i I §77 342 93 1878 37648 1879 413 40 1880 417 85 1881 502 90 1882 560 52 1883 736 60 1884 367 24 1885 ( 303 71 1886 : 342 10 1887 282 75 1888 i 285 38 1889 307 60 1890 1 305 91 18 ii I 265 27 1892 j 279 65 l8 93 251 31 1894 , 246 60 1895 i 272 59 1896 556 q8 ^7 ! 449 34 1898 567 36 18^9 451 80 1900 506 1 8 1 joi 538 18 14 5° 27 00 52 00 Confederate money. Confederate money. Confederate money. No report. Few min- isters present. ^153 00 §134 r 5 356 35 |ji8 00 !:334 6° 1,67 5i 338 02 109 3*5 574 5°4 85 958 32 Incomplete. Reports mixed. Reports mixed. All objects included. All objects included. 515 65 119 00 348 24 All objects included. All objects included. 40 00 426 359 277 69 506 51 443 16 753 66 766 16 786 07 651 88 604 77 685 62 714 91 855 15 956 33 881 25 708 61 973 32 912 27 653 *3 670 44 585 93 $174 36 73 7° 733 29 22 47 136 52 204 25 168 00 509 10 291 20 429 9 1 1429 89 "3 57 276 18 380 34 33 1 54 556 36 239 16 146 37 60 05 135 36 122 58 224 25 152 61 400 03 467 17 187 15 130 22 265 10 57 1 47 1226 97 1726 13 1451 98 1270 68 713 68 1 140 80 421 54 614 54 356 68 348 38 161 15 489 3 1 1329 23 1544 15 434 447 55° 487 1151 525 697 1685 1228 1386 1652 2050 3728 2799 2658 2601 2039 2803 1863 1914 Missions included. Missions included. Missions included. Missions included. Missions included. 1764 1818 2658 * Mission only. t North Carolina College Endowed. § General Synod delegates. || General. X No report. OTHER FINANCIAL REPORTS. 18S3 contains the report of the first Church Extension Fund collection, which has done much good, and is in a prosperous condition ; but as the figures are evidently reported wrong at times, they cannot be embodied here. State of funds in 1900, §1923.90. 1886 the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies were organized, which have been very successful in all these years, raising over §1000.00 annually at the present time. 1 84 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. T3 T3 JS SSw :S ^ >% rr-( ctf rr-i oScSgSctSo3gScCp3cjo3c3 >3 <-J cd OS 3 «j 3 . o_l o e «* C § S g * -I *e11 • c 5 c <-> 3 1-1 — w o c -S :uu o o £>£& CH 2 rj C UJ ^ C ^) n j J2 s O S 3 Ms -O V i- .3 9 3 3-= » - pT 5 ■M c! *3 pG u £ £££ £•% £* a o £ 2 SU 3,3 5t C.S - 9 g J a _cT 3 -3 ^ 5 u-s gU .9 3.CJ U u u u •o T3U 3 J2 c S i: a g i Sis*; JS^ti /J3 cj H -PS ■Si *J -Q 03 ■- • W J O -73 g"3MM r JJSOH 52 - G ■" S -9 -S oi cC gq _j a a- 1 r= ^ •= as c - o ^^ ' 3 >^U -E? c ° c w 3 5 r j b 2 3 o 5 2 oU 3 rX »U„ bo S^ gj U "g S « g U - m "S | ° ^ -™ S 6 a^ -3 N > ■ ■ ; : oo > : : o m i OW rf Thmmmh m X' O '. CO 00 00 C<3 00 00 Qs — ° O " _f *- 00 00 - oo -3 rB ■£ S •£ S 0"m~-5-G f4 s-, "OO r^O i-no O -I M tl N ^ .m m h m N H^^ i* c- cr~ u-%%* u u u u u "p^ o o o Sj2 "'S S S52 S S'C ^ u ti o 3o JTO-u cjoo uo Cu_f3 000<vO t^OO OsO h ti fl TABLE OF SYNODICAL MEETINGS. 185 £■ 5* ....>; s.; >, £-6 £ >*>,>*>, ^-3 — >,>,>,>,« as.. _^i ,2 , rt rt ctf cs c3 x w rt rt ri -~"C~ >>>*•>->>-<>>>>>*>-.>>%!£ >->-■>-,>, >-, y -O 13 -O TJ TJ * t; "O -o T3 -O £ b =JsisJ^j3is^s_2is rt ™ B «* «J g « _3 £ s a 3 s s — r 3 3 s 3 a cs us n ;~ :- m 'P- "S 'H "C "E 'C — — 'n v 'n "C "C — . tfi Mi/) m x r- r- 1 x x x x m x x infe^^^^^^i,-— ■- — — — — — r-i ^ .« >» ' ._ a U »f) X. 3 3 3 ^J3 s 1 ^ a 1 1 - m ^ " Jj c"§ 01 C jg _| jg o-| o„ ,n „« S $ 9J >> I* s c «s o| "^ 2*3 "B J Jj £ -d . '5 a bo ,Jj "^ ~'_iJ:' —1 g "5 c ' .— 3c "^ ' ' .i! ? "S "3 """ H 5 x D x ^ C x £ x x £ x £ x x x — : x x x D Q x x x x £ £ — £ x x 7 . '~ 00 CO ' ■2 -3- 00 'OO " cc "^ OC _-«-~; -zc zc - _ "_, io w - - _ -^'C'SitN'OutCM (N m r; p a ^j~~x t^ .■-> .w *0 ,>,>, >>-n T ^ >^ ^'C — -Can — S *S "3 *5 S S S S S < C x x <"2 S S <"S S S *S <"<"S S § << i86 HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA SYNOD. >> ^ >^ ^ > , >-. >, >, : C3 pj ct -O T3 T3 " rt dj oj 3j o3 &j c "O c s c c c ~d 5u T3 "C t^ T3 T3 U = «J I) u u u oj id oj ca 3 3 C T3 T3 ~ 13 <" .S O .2 51 CM 1- q~ ;. n U 3 n 2 a « J? -^ 3 3^1^ 3 3 „ w o o >, • u X, £ 5" *** •C 3 -T^ -CO , 3 r-T C O 3 g 13 o >> g _ c /? - a U "So « c ° -§£ 3-§^i2CJ S^U I E 3 5 & ■ ■-» S Pi u u .« J= 3 ■S J3 5 =5 U *~ 5^u^G^uu M u CD OJ £ 3 „C_) .3 _, 3 &H "O T3 "S § •"> o ^OgQ 3 . I H H jj J3M ; S o Us" 1 (J "3 O ?s "c .. rO Tf w-) CC (J „' N M M "T"^ r^OO CO r i-i vo vn *-0 t-i •-• ^r «.n vn -1 i- 4 - i-i 00 00 00 ^o t-^00 00 0<0 00 fq ro 00 °° OC CO co - - „ CO CO - --5 ~ T3 « - - -cococo „ - -coco - - r^_C wn-""^^; — c i-i.s.CvOi'")^!-! — J5J1 h m h ^j)j: h m J j: N co _,- _r *J o 00 jr" _r _r o co M M C1 N o c>co _r_r ■ * ° r ^ ^ *■ - " ^ CO N M N ph ro M <;, >,— ^ >, >^ cs « oa .? ,2 ■ U :2 2 I u >N -2--,' 2 u u ^2 io C a; _.' = — 1) <->£ j c - sj X! : ) £ y 5 p*x: >- — U 3 n u-S 3 % « x ^ ^ X! o J- . j." O 9 £ ^T j3 O X! ~ c ~ c ju o P-, ~ ~_ 7-. £j Ji 5 ~ c o '5 (j ' .' .' . . . "§ T W^j . .'.'.£& x x v: x x -1 x O ^ x x x x IS O » X < £ '- If ||| ■ji & - os^\on -.on- 1 "- 1 o\ "^co . w .. N x: xl ^n - ° | ^ 2 n 2 « - a .-. ^ n "C *c >^ >^ £c >■• >^'g >- Sc >^ & ^'g '£ „ S ON ON - x < S< n -)- u->\0 -— r-~co Cn o — — — CC W X OC r, X X X Cn.^ On,^ CHAPTER XXI. THE OFFICERS OF SYNOD. DATE. PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. TREASURER. 1803. R« v. J. G. Arndt. Re ■v. R. J. Miller. No Treasurer. 1804. ' ' Paul Henkel. ' < " << a 1 1 1806. < ' C. A. G. Storch. ' Christoph Bernhardt. tt a 1809. < i a a t ' Ludwig Markert. " a l8lO. < < " " ' ' Gottlieb Schober. " " l8ll. ' t a a i ' Philip Henkel. " " l8l2. < < R. J. Miller. ' G. Schober. Re\ . G. Schober. 1813. < ' C. A. G. Storch. tt tt t 1814. ' i a a < < " " i t " ' I8I5. < ' Philip Henkel. ' Jacob Scherer. a 1 1 t I8l6. ' ' C. A. G. Storch. ' G. Schober. 1 1 " ' 1817. ' i it it \ t ' " " " a t 1819. ' t it it ' t < << << it a t 1820. ' ' " " < i a a tt " ' l82I. ' ' G. Schober. ' ' Jacob Scherer. a 1 1 t 1822. ' t tt < ' " " " it t 1823. < < C. A. G. Storch. 1 " " « " ' 1824. ' ' Jacob Scherer. ' ' Daniel Scherer. (i a t 1825. < ' G. Schober. ' ' Jacob Scherer. " " ' 1826. ' (It 4£ " " ' 1827. ' ' " " 1 1 " ' 1828. ' ' Jolm Reck. 1 1 " ' 1829. < t a a tt it t 1830. < t a a tt 1 1 t 1831. < ' Henry Graeber. " a t 1832. ' ' Henry Graeber. j ' ' William Artz. Mr. Theobald Lentz. I8 3 3- ' ' " " j ' ' " " i ( " " 1834. < ' " " ' ' " " Re\ . S. Rothrock. I835- ' ' Jacob Scherer. | ' ' Henry Graeber. " William Artz. 1836. ' ' William Artz. ' < 11 a Col John Smith. l8 3 7- ' ' Henry Graeber. : ' ' S. Rothrock. Mr. Theobald Lentz. 1838. < ' William Artz. t a .4 M. Barrier. 1839. < « " " < t << a Col J. Shimpoch. 1840. ' ' S. Rothrock. ' ' P. A. Strobel. Mr. D. M. Isenhauer. 184I. ' ' K. Graeber. ' < J. D. Scheck. " A. Richard. 1842. ' ' J. D. Scheck. ' W. G. Harter. " " " 1843. ' ' William Artz. ' t a tt Col J. Shimpoch. 1844. < i a a t ' S. Rothrock. " " 1845. ' ' J. D. Scheck. ' < tt << D. Barringer, Esq. 1846. < ' S. Rothrock. ' ' J. B. Anthony. M. Barrier, Esq. 1847. ' ' " " ' ' J. A. Linn, Sr. tt tt 1848. ' ' J. B. Anthony. ' ' W. G. Harter. a tt 1849. ' ' B. Arey. ' ' J. A. Linn, Sr. a a 1850. ' ' W. G. Harter. ' J. Crim. a it I8 5 I. ' 1 J. A. Linn, Sr. j ' ' W. G. Harter. a a 1852. ' ' William Artz. | < ' J. A. Linn, Sr. a a (188) OFFICERS OF SYNOD. 189 DATE. PRESIDENT. SECRETARY. TREASURER. 1853- Rev. J. A. Linn, Sr. Rev. L. C. Grosclose. M. Barrier, Esq. 1854. " S. Rothrock. " W. G. Barter. I855- a .. 11 " L. C. Groseclose. " " " 1856. " Wm. Gerhardt. " S. Scherer. !< II << I857- " L. C.Groseclose. " D. I. Dreher. it a a 1858. " J. A. Linn, Sr. it a a a a a 1859. " William Artz. " J. S. Heilig. a a a i860. " S. Scherer. " D. I. Dreher. a a a l86l. " J. D. Scheck. " G. D. Bernheim. 11 a ti 1862. " D. I. Dreher. " J. A. Linn, Sr. 1863. " G.D. Bernheim. " L. A. Bikle. Major L. G. Heilig. 1864. " J. Crim. " J. B. Anthony. " " " 1865. " J. B. Anthony. " L. A. Bikle. M. Barrier, Esq. 1866. " S. Rothrock. " W. Kimball. Dr. P. A. Seaford. 1867. " N. Aldrich. " W. A. Julian. a a tt 1868. " L. A. Bikle. " N. Aldrich. " " " 1869. " W. A. Julian. " L. A. Bikle. " " " 1870. " W. Kimball. " C. H. Bernheim. " " " 187I. " S. Rothrock. " T. G. Neiffer. it a a 1872. " W. H. Cone. " W. Kimball. Major L. G. Heilig. I873- " J. D. Bowles. " A. D. L. Moser. " " " 1874. " S. Rothrock. " W. R. Ketchie. a a 41 1875. " " " " R. L. Brown. a a a 1876. " L. A. Bikle, D. D. " C. H. Bernheim. Rev. S. Rothrock. 1877. " L. A. Bikle, D. D. " W. Kimball. " " " 187S. " G. D. Bernheim, D. D. " L. A. Bikle, D. D. ii 11 11 1879. " L. A. Bikle, D. D. « J. S. Heilig. a a a 1880. " S. Rothrock. " T. A. Linn, Jr. Col. P. N. Heilig. 1 88l. " V. R. Sticklev. " W. J. Smith. " " " 1882. '.' S. T. Hallman. " " " " " " 1883. it a a " J. A. Linn, Jr. " " " 1884. " J. A. Linn, Jr. " T. S. Brown. ii 11 11 1885. " W. A. Lutz. " B. S. Brown. " " " 1886. " F.W. E. Peschau, " J. L. Buck. a a a 1887. " D.D. " " " a a ii 1 888. " " " '< " C. B. King. 11 a tt 1889. " " " " " " " a it tt 1890. " G. H. Cox, D.D. " " " Mr. I. F. Patterson. 1 891. n 11 II it it a a a a a 1892. a 11 11 a a a tt i< 11 11 1893. a 11 11 it tt a tt 11 a 11 1894. " B. S. Brown. tl a u 11 a tl 1895. " " " tt a a 11 11 11 * 1896. " V. R. Sticklev. " M. G. G. Scherer. "J. D. Heilig. 1897. " H. N. Miller, Ph. D. 11 11 11 1898. " C. A. Rose. " L. E. Busby, D. D. 11 ii 11 1899. tt a a * a tt a it 11 11