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NIGER FLORA. 
 
Sir W^. 3. ^oaktx. 
 
 ICONES PLANTARUM. 
 
 Nflu Series. 
 
 Vols. I— IV. ContainluK eacb lOO Plates, with Explituatious. 
 
 8vo. Cloth. London. 1842—47. Each £1 8«. 
 
 THE LONDON JOURNAL OP BOTANY. 
 
 %olH. I..VI. YVlth 34 Plates each. 
 
 8vo. Boards. London, 1842 — 47. 
 Rednceit to £1. per Vol. 
 
 l^xaitmox Scf)lEtben. 
 
 THE PLANT; 
 
 A IIIOCRAPHY. 
 
 IN A SERIES OF POPULAR LECTURES ON BOTANT. 
 EDITED AND TRANSLATED 
 
 BY A. H E N F R E Y, F.L.S. 
 
 SHitl) JTifae flTolourclJ ^Plntca, anH ilbirtcm ffliSloolJcutg. 
 8i'o. London, 1848. 15s. 
 
/: 
 
 UNION COLLEGE 
 
 SCHENECTADY, 
 
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"^^M^^^Mi^f 
 
 ii,4 
 
 
NIGER FLORA: 
 
 AN ENUMERATION OE THE PLANTS 
 
 OF WESTERN TROPICAL AFRICA, 
 COLLECTED BY THE LATE 
 
 DR. THEODORE YOGEL, 
 
 BOTANIST TO THE VOYAGE OF THE EXPEDITION SENT BY HER BEITANNIC MAJESTY TO THE 
 
 RIVER NIGER IN 1841, 
 
 UNDER THE COMMAND OF 
 
 CAPT. H. D. TROTTER, R.N., &c. 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA, 
 
 By p. B. WEBB, ESQ., 
 
 AND 
 
 FLORA NIGRITIANA, 
 
 By dr. J. D. HOOKER, R.N., F.R.S., and GEORGE BENTHAM, ESQ. 
 
 WITH 
 
 A SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF DR. VOGEL. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 SIR W. J. HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L., F.RA. & L.S. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE LINNJEAN SOCIETY, AND DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS OF KEW. 
 
 gmitfr g:fan TTfffac;. a fHap, anU iFtftg plates. 
 
 UNIOX COLLEGE 
 
 HIPPOLYTE BAILLIERE, PUBLISHER, 
 
 219, REGENT STREET, 
 
 PARIS : J. B. BAILLIERE, 13, RUE DE l'eCOLE DE MEDECINE. 
 
 MADRID : BAILLY BAILLIERE, CALLE DEL PRINCIPE. 
 
 1849. 
 
L I) N U I) N : 
 
 Printed by Schiilze and Co., 13, I'oland Street. 
 
 
TO 
 
 CAPTAIN HENRY DUNDAS TROTTER, R.N. 
 
 &c., &c., &c. 
 
 Commander of the Expedition sent by Her Britannic 
 Majesty, Queen Victoria, to tlie River Niger, with the view 
 of obtaining information respecting the adjacent countries, and 
 of forming treaties with the native Chiefs against the Slave 
 Trade, as well as of promoting Agriculture and Commerce; 
 under whose auspices most of the Collections described in the 
 following pages were formed ; — this work is dedicated. 
 
 With sentiments of the highest regard and respect. 
 By his faithful friend and servant. 
 
 The Editor. 
 
 Royal Gardens, Kew, 
 Nov. 1, 1849. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The majority of the Plants described in tlie following pages 
 were entrusted to the Editor, for the purpose of publication, 
 by the African Civilization Society, which, as is well known, 
 was formed in London in 1839, through the instrumentality 
 of the late Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton. That enlightened and 
 philanthropic statesman, deeply impressed by the aggravated 
 horrors of the Slave Trade, was extremely anxious to try, what 
 appeared to him to be the only remedy, to put down that 
 iniquitous traffic by the encouragement of lawful trade and the 
 advancement of Africa itself to a condition in which she would 
 no longer find it her interest to furnish the slavers with supplies 
 for their market. 
 
 Many persons of influence and sound judgment, uniting 
 with Sir Fowell in his views, and Government having taken 
 up the subject cordially, the " Niger Expedition" was dis- 
 patched, under the command of Capt. H. D. Trotter, in 1841. 
 
 Dr. Theodore Vogel, a German gentleman of high scientific 
 attainments, was selected as chief Botanist to the Expedition, 
 and with him was associated INIr. Ansell, strongly recommended 
 by the Horticultural Society of London. 
 
 Very great and unusual pains were taken to render the 
 service less dangerous to the health of those engaged in it, 
 than had been the case with former attempts to explore intra- 
 tropical Africa. Indeed, every precaution that could be thought 
 of — every guard against the climate — were, as was believed, 
 employed ; — yet, it cannot be denied, there was a failure, and 
 
VIU PREFACE. 
 
 it would truly appear from this^ and from former voyages of a 
 similar character, that the European constitution is incapable 
 of withstanding the effect of that deadly atmosphere. 
 
 But while we deplore the loss of so many brave ofl&cers and 
 men, engaged, voluntarily, in this most sacred cause, it would 
 be unjust to shut our eyes to much good that has hereby been 
 accomplished. It has proved to the natives the real intentions 
 of the English, and convinced them of our sincerity in esta- 
 blishing mutual, and beneficial, and a wholesome commerce, 
 and that we have no sinister ends of our own to answer. Of 
 this, too, they were the more convinced, when they saw their 
 friends, who had been rescued from captivity, returning with 
 the Expedition. It further showed, that the only hope of 
 enlightening the sons of Africa is by native agency : and it is 
 with no small pride that the Editor of this Work, in the 
 capacity of Director of the Royal Gardens of Kew, is at this 
 moment giving in charge a considerable collection of useful 
 Tropical plants for introduction into Africa, to two native 
 Missionaries (recently ordained by the Bishop of London), — 
 than whom he knows not any well educated Europeans more 
 competent to estimate the value of such importations, or likely 
 to feel more interest in their successful cultivation and use. 
 
 Among those who fell victims to the climate of Niger, was 
 Dr. Vogel. Happily for science, he was not among the most 
 early to be attacked by fever. He formed his collections with 
 uncommon energy, while even a slight portion of health and 
 strength remained to him ; and the number of species amassed 
 by him, in a short space of time, and under the most disad- 
 vantageous circumstances, reflects great credit upon his memory; 
 but the condition of the specimens shows, that the climate is as 
 unsuited to the preservation of plants, without greater advan- 
 tages than a small and crowded steamer can afford, as it is to 
 the human constitution. — Mr. Ansell, though he fortunately 
 survived the effects of the climate, was yet too ill, from a very 
 early period of the voyage, to make any extensive or well- 
 preserved collections. These facts must plead the apology for 
 the imperfect nature of many of the descriptions. The work. 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 however, the Editor is sure, will be hailed by every friend of 
 Botany, and by every one interested in the vegetable produc- 
 tions of Western Tropical Africa, as a Prodromus of a Flora of 
 that region; — something upon which a more perfect super- 
 structure will be hereafter built : and he begs the particular 
 attention of Travellers in the Niger territories, and coasts 
 adjacent, to the subjoined " Desiderata" in the principal branches 
 of botanical science. 
 
 In the present brief, general preface it only remains for the 
 Editor to express his grateful acknowledgements to the dis- 
 tinguished Botanists who have aided in bringing out this 
 volume. Dr. J. D. Hooker had volunteered to describe the 
 whole of the plants, but unexpectedly, when considerably 
 advanced in the work, an opportunity offering of exploring 
 regions of a widely different character from those of the present 
 Flora, and which was embraced by him, the assistance of others 
 was rendered essentially necessary. Mr. P. B. Webb, already 
 so familiar with the vegetation of the Canary Isles, and the 
 opposite coasts of Africa, generously undertook to describe 
 all the Cape de Verd Islands Plants, Dr. Miquel the Fici, 
 Mr. Miers the Menispermea, and last, but not least in point 
 of extent of service, it devolved upon our inestimable friend, 
 Mr. Bentham, to publish the majority of the plants of the 
 continent of Tropical Western Africa. 
 
 Editor. 
 
 Royal Gardens, Kew, 
 Nov. 1, 1849. 
 
DESIDERATA 
 
 BOTANICAL COLLECTORS IN WESTERN TROPICAL AFRICA. 
 
 A FIRST glance at the Flora Nigritiana will show how very 
 imperfect our acquaintance yet remains^ not only with the luxu- 
 riant wild vegetation of West Tropical Africa, including the 
 herbs or trees which furnish many of its most valuable pro- 
 ducts, but even with many of the plants in general cultivation 
 there. This circumstance may in a great measure be ascribed 
 to the want of any of those permanent botanical establishments 
 which have afforded us so much useful information on the 
 vegetation of the East and West Indies, and have been the 
 means of effecting so many valuable exchanges of plants res- 
 pectively cultivated in the two hemispheres. Tropical Africa 
 has never even had a resident botanist, and all our knowledge 
 on the subject has been derived from travellers who have either 
 perished there before their mission has been completed, or 
 have hastened home to avoid the effects of the deadly climate. 
 Much is therefore now to be done by a collector who will 
 carefully note down any authentic particulars he can learn, 
 and any observations that occur to him, relating to the plants 
 of which he preserves specimens. 
 
 Such information will always be the more valuable the 
 more cautiously it is collected, avoiding as much as possible 
 mere hearsay information, and noting down in all cases the 
 sources whence it is derived. It is also important that the 
 memoranda should be on labels attached to the dried specimens, 
 to avoid the numerous mistakes arising from the mismatching 
 memoranda and their specimens by the time they reach the hands 
 
XU DESIDERATA. 
 
 of the working botanist at home. So in regard to the spe<''iraens 
 themselves, an isolated leaf, a separate flower, or even a fruit 
 are insufficient alone to determine the species. A perfect dried 
 specimen includes /o/i«^e, flower , a.ndjruit, with notes on size, 
 colour, and other points which it cannot indicate ; a flowering 
 branch with foliage is generally sufficient to identify a • well 
 known species, but the description of a new one is always 
 imperfect, and often wholly inefficient without the fruit. Where 
 that is too bulky or too succulent to be laid in with the flower- 
 ing and leaf specimens dried flat, and if preserved in spirits, or 
 dried without pressure, portions of the foliage should be inva- 
 riably attached to it as the sole means of future identification 
 with the corresponding flowering specimen. 
 
 In a purely botanical and systematic point of view, any 
 plants not enumerated in the following Flora, and more espe- 
 cially those mentioned as imperfectly known would be the most 
 valuable. Palms, and other large Monocotyledons, bulbous-rooted 
 and smooth thick-leaved plants of the same class, aquatic plants 
 in general, whether floating or immersed, and cryptogamic 
 productions have hitherto been but seldom collected. So it is 
 also with Artocarpete and other large-fruited trees, Cucurhitacece, 
 and all plants which require a little extra care in drying, and a 
 little extra ingenuity in gathering, such specimens as may supply 
 the requisite information. 
 
 To the geographical Botanist, Western Tropical iVfrica is of 
 peculiar interest, as being (next to the Arctic Regions), the 
 point where the greatest number of s]:)ecies or forms belonging 
 to the Eastern and Western hemisjiheres are found to meet. 
 It may be consequently expected to furnish many valuable data 
 respecting the migration of species, either naturally or by 
 human aid, and the circumstances which determine the regions 
 of analogous forms among endemic species. 
 
 The most important information we have on this subject is 
 summed up in Brown's justly celebrated Appendix to Tuckey's 
 Conaro. The facts since collected tend still farther to confirm 
 the supposition that the greater number of cultivated plants 
 have come to the Negroes of Western Africa from the East, 
 
DESIDERATA. XUl 
 
 including even some of American origin, which like the Maize 
 and the Arachis, were so early cultivated in Asia as to give rise 
 to doubts whether they were not known there before the dis- 
 covery of the New Continent. Among those now cultivated in 
 America as well as Africa, and not known, or of recent intro- 
 duction into Asia, the majority (as for example, some species 
 of Panicum, Amommn, &c.) have been carried over to America 
 from Africa; and few only {Manihot?, Indigofera Anil, some 
 species of Dioscorea, &c.) appear to have been introduced from 
 America into Africa, or are among the naturally indigenous 
 species to both countries. Additional facts tending to elucidate 
 these points are much wanted. 
 
 The weeds of cultivation, and other plants which accompany 
 man in his migrations, are mostly, like the cultivated plants, of 
 Eastern origin, although many are likewise now common in 
 cultivated parts of Tropical America. The principal points to 
 be attended to in respect to this class, are, how far they become 
 really naturalized by maintaining themselves and spreading 
 beyond the crops with which they were originally introduced. 
 
 The cosmopolite indigenous species are, within the tropics, 
 chiefly aquatic or marshy, or belonging to the glumaceous or 
 cryptogamic orders. The laws which are supposed to regulate 
 their diffusion, being deduced from the number of recorded 
 stations, the collector should never neglect them on the ground 
 of their being common elsewhere. The preserving specimens 
 of widely spread species is the more important, as it is often 
 difficult for the most experienced botanist to be certain of the 
 identity of plants observed at different periods, without an actual 
 comparison of specimens, and it is only by a careful observation 
 of variations of form occasioned by diversity of soil and climate 
 that any satisfactory judgment can be formed of the systematic 
 limits of species and races. 
 
 The indigenous species common to West Tropical Africa and 
 Tropical America, appear to be chiefly found near the sea, or at 
 any rate do not penetrate beyond the first hills ; few, indeed, of 
 the really maritime species are Asiatic or East African, with the 
 exception of such as are diffused over all Tropical sea coasts. 
 
XIV DESIDERATA. 
 
 in the nterior of the country, Eastern and Asiatic species 
 become much more numerous as the American ones disappear. 
 In regard to all these travelled species, we are in want of trust- 
 worthy data as to the stations they occupy, how far from the 
 sea, from the habitations of man, or from the regions of cultiva- 
 tion, their scarcity or abundance, the limits of the tracts they 
 occupy, and other circumstances tending to elucidate their mode 
 of transmission. 
 
 The endemic plants of West Tropical Africa are of the 
 greatest interest, as supplying data for speculations on the laws 
 regulating the geographical dissemination of analogous forms. 
 Senegal and other drier northern parts of our region, not only 
 have many identical species, but still more of analogous ones to 
 those which prevail through Nubia and Arabia, eastward to 
 the hot, dry plains and table-lands of India. In the moist, 
 close regions about the mouths and branches of the Niger and 
 the island of Fernando Po, some curious analogies may be 
 observed, with corresponding forms in Madagascar, Ceylon, 
 and the Malayan Archipelago. With these Asiatic forms are 
 mixed, in various parts of the region, African representatives of 
 American genera, which appear to find here their extreme 
 Eastern limits. European and South African forms, genera as 
 well as species, are more completely excluded from this than 
 from any other Tropical region. For all data from which any 
 general conclusions under this head can be formed, we must 
 rely entirely upon the geographical notes supplied by local 
 collectors. 
 
 The practical, economical and commercial botany of West 
 Tropical Africa is less known, perhaps, than any other branch. 
 Products of the greatest value have been exported during a long 
 course of years, without our being able to form any idea of the 
 plants which supply them. Every collector has sent home a 
 diflferent leaf as that of the " African Teak," or " Oak." The 
 learned researches of Dr. Pereira have not yet, for want of the 
 requisite data, solved the doubts as to what one or more species 
 of Amomum furnish the hot, acrid seeds now imported as 
 Guinea Grains. Similar doubts hang over the species or 
 
DESIDERATA. XV 
 
 varieties of Habzelia, whose seeds were also known as Guinea 
 Grains or Ethiopian Pepper, and of Cubeba, supplying, accord- 
 ing to Tlionning, the Ashantee Pepper. To such points we 
 would particularly direct the attention of the resident Natu- 
 ralist, and in their case more than in any other, we look for 
 personal information. The reports of the natives, as received 
 through Europeans, are scarcely ever to be trusted, and it 
 happens but too frequently that even the local commercial 
 men who deal in them, either through ignorance or from 
 mistaken views of interest, mislead scientific men in their 
 replies to such inquiries. 
 
 Our best general information on this as on all other import- 
 ant points of the Botany of West Tropical Africa, is contained 
 in Brown's already quoted "Appendix." A few additional 
 notes on edible fruits of Sierra Leone are contained in a paper 
 by Afzelius, in " Sierra Leone Report, 1794," and another of 
 the late Mr. Sabine, in the fifth volume of the " Transactions 
 of the Horticultural Society of London ;" and many valuable 
 memoranda are dispersed through Schumacher and Thonning's 
 description of Isert and Thonning's Guinea plants, in the foiu'th 
 volume of the " Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences 
 of Copenhagen." This account, divided between two parts of 
 those Transactions, has also been separately published under the 
 title of '^ Beskrivelse af Guineiske Planter," and has been 
 always quoted in the following Flora, with the paging of this 
 separate edition, the only one that we are in possession of. 
 Dr. VogeFs collection, though full of memoranda on botanical 
 points, which have materially assisted in the determination and 
 description of the specimens, contains but little information on 
 points of economical and practical botany. He was, indeed, for 
 too short a time in the country to enable him to collect authentic 
 data, and he well knew that mere hearsay reports from ignorant 
 natives were of little or no value. The extent and comparative 
 excellence of his collection show that neither zeal nor ability 
 were wanting, so long as his health was spared, in rendering it 
 as botanically serviceable as possible. 
 
 G. B. 
 
lirections for placing tf)£ plates. 
 
 The View of Clarence Harbour, Fernando Po. — To Face the 
 
 Title Page. 
 The Plate (Tab. I.) Representing Two Views dpon the Niger. — 
 
 To Face Page 54 of the " Journal of the Voyage." 
 The Map. — To be placed at the End of the " Journal of the 
 
 Voyage." Page 72. 
 The Botanical Plates I — L, to be annexed at the end of the 
 
 Volume. 
 
MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 DR. J. E. T. V G E L: 
 
 Amongst the numerous sacrifices consequent on the 
 unfortunate expedition to the Niger, science is not without her 
 pecuHar loss. Whatever reUance may be placed on wealth 
 and a careful choice of means, it must be admitted that little 
 has been accomplished by the numerous and deeply calculated 
 plans for obtaining a more perfect knowledge of the interior 
 of Africa. Amongst many other individuals, one of the 
 naturalists of the expedition, to whose memory the following 
 pages are dedicated, has succumbed to the destructive 
 influence of the climate. If, however, according to the 
 expression of a philosopher, it be the province of eloquence 
 to commemorate illustrious minds, whose labours, owing 
 to an unfortunate concurrence of circumstances, have not 
 been productive of commensurate effects, and so, to com- 
 pensatcf for the want of incident, a more skilful pen than 
 mine is requisite. I must be contented to show what the 
 world and what science have lost, by the simple relation 
 of a few circumstances, and by extracts from the last official 
 records of the deceased. 
 
 JuHus Rudolph Theodor Vogel, or as he frequently called 
 himself by an abridgement of his baptismal name, Theodor 
 Vogel, was born at Berlin, on the 30th of July, 1812. 
 While yet a boy, he showed a decided inclination for the 
 
 * Translated from the German of Dr. L. C. Treviranus, in the Zinncea, 
 vol. X, by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. — Ed. 
 
 t F, Hemsterhuis, Qiuvres philoKophiques, i. 268. 
 ^r B 
 
2 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 study of history, geography, and the productions of nature. 
 No book was read by him with greater delight than Robinson 
 Crusoe. He knew it almost by heart ; and in all probability its 
 perusal awakened in him that eagerness to visit countries yet 
 unexplored by science, which was hereafter destined never to 
 leave hira. He received his first scientific education at the 
 Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium at Berlin, of which Spilleke 
 was then the director, from which establishment he was 
 dismissed with the testimonial No. I. The Gymnasium, 
 however, afforded no opportunity of acquiring botanical 
 knowledge ; but, under the guidance of Ruthe, upper master 
 of the Gewerbschule, he commenced studying and collecting 
 plants. With him he went as a pupil weekly to botanize 
 in summer, and if he had leisure for a day or two, it was 
 devoted to more distant excursions. At the beginning of 
 the summer term, 1832, Vogel was a student at the Univer- 
 sity of Berlin, where he attended the philosophic and 
 humanity lectures, but more especially those of Natural 
 History. On the 5th of August, 1837, he was made Doctor 
 of Philosophy : the subject of his inaugural thesis, which has 
 also been published separately, being a Synopsis of the 
 genus Cassia. The year after, he qualified himself as Private 
 Tutor at the Berlin University in the botanical department, 
 and in the first half of 1839, exchanged his situation for 
 a similar one at the University of Bonn, aided by a 
 government allowance, in consequence of which he was 
 obliged, at the same time, after the death of Professor F. 
 Nees von Esenbeck, to perform the duties of his office. 
 During the latter part of his academical course, and after 
 its completion, Vogel turned his attention principally to 
 descriptive botany; for which the collections at Berlin, 
 especially of Brazilian plants, furnished rich materials. 
 
 His talents were peculiarly applied to Leguminous plants. 
 As early as the year 1837, four treatises by him appeared in 
 the eleventh volume of the Linncea : " De Sivartzeis observa- 
 tion.es/' " Dalbei'giearum Genera Brasiliensia" " De Casal- 
 jnneis Brazilice," and " Synopsis generis Cassice pars altera.'^ 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 3 
 
 In these, several new genera are proposed, numerous new 
 species are briefly but characteristically described, and many 
 already known have received important corrections. In the 
 year 1838, in conjunction with Dr. Schleiden, he published 
 some greater and lesser treatises, which, for the most part, 
 have reference to the same family, in the 19th volume of 
 the Acta Acad. Nat. Curiosoriim, entitled " Contributions to 
 the history of the development of the parts of the flower in the 
 Legumhiosde., and on the Albumen, especially of Leguminosce,^^ 
 both accompanied by numerous illustrations ; and in the 
 46th of Poggendorf's Annalen der Chemie und Physick, on 
 ^'Amyloid, a neiv vegetable substance.'' At the same time 
 appeared, in the 12th volume of the Linnoia, a continuation of 
 his labours on the leguminous plants of South America, 
 in an Essay on Brazilian Hedysarea. In the year 1839, 
 also, he continued his task with his wonted perseverance, 
 and in the 13th volume of Linnaa, we find two treatises 
 connected with it, viz. : on BraziUan Viciece, and observations 
 on American Bauhinice. In 1840, he received, for investiga- 
 tion, the Leguminosce collected by the late Prof. Meyen in 
 his journey through Brazil, Peru and China, and the results 
 of this labour appear in an Essay in the supplement to the 19th 
 volume of the Acta Acad. Nat. Curios. The 15th volume of 
 Linnaea contains three of his treatises ; viz. Remarks on the 
 existence of Amy lum in Cryptogamous plants ; Additions and 
 corrections to the Synopsis of the Genus Cassia; and 
 Remarks on some species of the genera Thymus and Ori- 
 ganum. There is also in Buchner's " Repertorium fiir die 
 Pharmacie, 1840," a Review of the species of the genus 
 Origayiwn and a Description of Thymus coriaceus. Mr. Mar- 
 quardt found this undescribed species of Thymus in many 
 apothecaries' shops and collections of Materia Medica, 
 amongst stores of Origanum Creticum. 
 
 As Vogel's position in Bonn rendered a perfect know- 
 ledge of the plants in its neighbourhood requisite, pre- 
 parations were commenced for a Flora of Bonn ; to which he 
 devoted much time, and for which he undertook many 
 
 B 2 
 
4 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 excursions. In August, 1830, he made acquaintance with a 
 member of the African Civilization Society, which had arisen 
 in London under the patronage of Prince Albert, with the 
 view of extending civilization amongst the natives of Western 
 Africa and putting an end to the slave trade, who chanced 
 then to be at Bonn. The British Government fitted out 
 three steamers,* destined to run into the Niger, or Quorra, 
 at its entrance into the Bight of Benin, on the western coast 
 of Central Africa, to penetrate by this vast navigable river, 
 into the interior of this little-known country, to make treaties 
 with the inhabitants, and to establish an emporium at some 
 suitable place. A Botanist was needed, to ascertain the 
 vegetable productions of the country and the capabilities of 
 the soil; and Dr. Vogel was found willing to hold this office, 
 hoping by these means to satisfy his eager desire to explore 
 a rich and almost unknown vegetation. He undertook, there- 
 fore, in September and October of the same year, a journey 
 to England, to make a personal acquaintance with the com- 
 mittee of the society : returned for a few weeks to Germany, 
 to arrange definitively his affairs, and finally left Bonn on the 
 2nd of December, 1840, to enter upon his journey, having 
 obtained from the proper authorities a two years' leave of 
 absence. 
 
 The departure of the expedition, which, according to the 
 first plan, was to be in the end of January, 1841, was 
 deferred from various circumstances and impediments to the 
 third week in May; when, finally, the ships left Plymouth 
 harbour and Europe, Dr. Vogel embarking in the Wilber- 
 force. During his four months' residence in England, Vogel 
 prepared himself in every possible way for his new destina- 
 tion, and in the parts for March and July of a Journal 
 entitled " The Friend of Africa," he published an " Essay on 
 the Botany of Western Central Africa ;" in which the hitherto 
 written treatises on the vegetable productions of this part 
 of the world were reviewed. From Madeira he addressed 
 
 • The Albert, the Wilberforce, and Soudan. 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 5 
 
 letters to his relations and friends in Europe ; but they never 
 reached their destination. From Sierra Leone he wrote on 
 the 30th of June, as follows : 
 
 "We sailed from Madeira by TenerifFe to St. Vincent, 
 one of the Cape de Verd Islands, and from thence came here. 
 At Teneriflfe we remained a day ; but I was able to take only 
 a cursory glance, since I M^as unwell on the passage from 
 Madeira thither, and did not venture to leave the ship. We 
 remained a fortnight off St. Vincent : the island is small, but 
 has an excellent harbour, and was therefore the rendezvous 
 of the ships belonging to the expedition. Anything more 
 comfortless than the view of this island, I never beheld : 
 one might believe that after the formation of the world, a 
 quantity of useless surplus stones was cast into the sea; and 
 that thus the Island of St. Vincent arose. There is nothing 
 but hills and mountains (some of them 2500 feet high) ; with 
 small valleys, which in the broader parts are very sandy, 
 without a plant deserving the name of tree : while the 
 vallies themselves produce scarcely a species ; for in my first 
 excursion, I found in four hours only two species, of which 
 one, a lavander, was completely dried up. What had been 
 wanting here, namely moisture, was in a few days but too 
 abundant. On the part of the coast where we are at present, 
 the rainy season has begun; that is, the first portion of it, 
 which announces itself by single thunder-storms with violent 
 wind (tornados.) Sometimes on the passage my cabin got 
 very wet, and what was worse, my plants. Since we have been 
 at Sierra Leone, the weather is generally clear by day ; but 
 towards evening there comes heavy rain or a thunder-storm, 
 and last night we had one, such as I never witnessed before. 
 
 "On entering the river at Free Town, the shore, on 
 which the town stands, is bordered at a short distance by 
 a range of hills, exhibiting a very pretty appearance with 
 their gentle swelling summits and insolated lofty trees. A 
 rich vegetation stretches from the shore upwards, which 
 captivates the eye by its soft bright green, such as is only 
 seen in the tropics, and gives the whole an incomparably 
 
6 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 charming character. I rushed eagerly into these woods; and 
 much regret that the short time of our stay did not permit 
 me to do more ; for we were obliged to proceed. The object 
 of the colony here is to teach the Africans active habits and 
 to christianize them : there are, I think, above 40,000 in the 
 colony, and many of their villages are built close to the 
 town ; so that, for miles, there is no cultivation. Since we 
 left St. Vincent, the temperature has been nearly the same. 
 The thermometer there was generally 81° Fahr. in my cabin: 
 here it is about 84°, and sometimes in the middle of the day 
 reaches 86°. This heat is not greater than with us in 
 summer ; but the shghter refrigeration of the atmosphere 
 by night, and the power of the sun, make it seem often more 
 intense than it is. An awning is spread over the deck, 
 under which, when there is a breeze, it is always cool. 1 
 am very comfortable on board, except when my collections 
 are lying about. When I return laden with plants, I have 
 no where to prepare them ; and when they are dry, the 
 damp insinuates itself to such a degree, that I am compelled 
 to redry them. This is very troublesome ; and on board a 
 ship, especially a man of war, there is no especial place for 
 preparing or preserving plants. I am quite a nuisance to 
 my messmates when I unpack ; and so is the servant 
 who announces breakfast, lunch, &c. ; for the table must be 
 cleared, and I must be oflf. Then I try to work on deck ; but 
 there the wind and rain attack me ; so that I have to contend 
 with all the elements. I am here quite amongst the negroes, 
 for there are few white persons in the town ; and during my 
 excursions I frequently do not see one during the whole 
 day. I cannot, however, say that this seems altogether 
 strange to me: on our voyage outward, we had many 
 black sailors in our ship ; and their number has gradually 
 increased in the course of our progress." 
 
 From Cape-Coast Castle roads, where the ships belonging 
 to the expedition arrived on the 24th of July, Vogel writes 
 as follows: "Our passage from Sierra Leone hither has 
 been rather tedious. We set out from that port with but 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 7 
 
 little fuel, and were therefore necessitated twice after we left 
 Monrovia (Liberia), viz. at Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, 
 to cause wood to be felled, to enable us to proceed. Our 
 voyage has been constantly along the coast ; so that we have 
 had ample opportunity for observing the remarkable nation 
 of the Kroo : a people who dwell scattered along the coast, 
 and often undertake long coasting voyages in small canoes. 
 These canoes are built almost exactly in the same way as 
 the little skiffs which at Berlin are called Seelen-verkaufer ; 
 but made of a single piece only. The natives sit in them 
 generally naked : they use broad oars and a very small 
 rudder ; and do not trouble themselves when the craft upsets ; 
 for they have commonly nothing to lose, and if they carry 
 garments with them, they are soon dried. They have mostly 
 a piece of cloth, bound round the head, which, when they 
 come on board, they place round the loins, and think them- 
 selves full dressed with great ivory rings round the ankles, 
 and belts or chains round the foot or arm. We had many 
 of their young people on board, for they are tolerably docile, 
 and are therefore hired by the coasters, to perform such hard 
 labours as are considered prejudicial to Europeans. When 
 they have earned so much money by their voyage, as will 
 enable them to buy one or more wives, they return home, 
 establish the women, and leave them for a new expedition, 
 until they get eight or ten more wives, who must support 
 them ; for all field-labour, &c., is performed by females. 
 Including these Kroos and other negroes, "who are employed 
 in various ways about the ship, we are now considerably 
 more than one hundred men strong : frequently, therefore, 
 when I have been for a time at that part of the vessel which 
 they occupy and where alone smoking is allowed, and return 
 to the quarter-deck where only the officers are, I feel quite 
 relieved from the bustle. It is now the rainy season and 
 we have had in Monrovia and Grand Bassa a week of 
 continued rain ; during which the sky has been for many 
 successive days as dark as it can be with us in autumn only. 
 Besides, the African brooks, when they are swollen with 
 
8 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 rain, assume the privilege of making tlieir way down the 
 footpaths ; and I was therefore obliged for hours to wade up 
 to the knees in water. I was indeed, in general, whether at sea 
 or on land, as wet as it was possible to be. One advantage 
 accrued from the rain, it kept the decks water-tight; whereas 
 before, I was regularly soaked by the water when they were 
 washed at five o'clock in the morning ; and frequently part of 
 my collection got damaged. At Cape Palmas we arrived at a 
 spot where an intermission of the rainy season takes place, 
 and from thence to this place we have enjoyed delight- 
 ful weather. The passage, however, was longer than we 
 expected; so that water ran very short; and one day we were 
 absolutely placed on half-allowance : otherwise we should 
 scarcely guess that we were in a foreign zone. As regards 
 meat and drink, we have several times a week salted beef or 
 pork, and in general, other kinds of meat preserved in her- 
 metically sealed cases. Hares, poultry, &c., prepared in 
 this way, often appear at table. These ship-stores are 
 preferred to the fresh provisions which are presented to us 
 on landing. My situation on board is very tolerable. The 
 captain gives me all the liberty possible; and I hope, 
 when we have once arrived at the proper field of action, to 
 meet with every encouragement from him. My health has 
 been very good ; and although tliere cannot but be some 
 irksome hours to men shut up in a ship, I have yet, on the 
 whole, felt happy and contented, and only look forward 
 with impatience to the time when my own peculiar service 
 will begin." 
 
 The next letter from Vogel was written from Accra, on the 
 4th of August. 
 
 " We remain here but a few days, so that I can acquire 
 only a very superficial view of the vegetation of the coast. 
 Real forests lie at some distance in the interior, that is, about 
 thirty English miles : — too long an excursion, even were it 
 not desired that nobody should sleep on shore, for fear of 
 fever. Yet I have been twelve or fourteen miles into the 
 interior, in the district of Aquafim, to inspect a Danish 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 9 
 
 settlement. There was a geologist with me, and we were 
 received by the Danish Governor with the greatest civility. 
 Such a journey on foot being considered too difficult for an 
 European, large flat baskets, used here instead of sedan- 
 chairs, were placed at our disposal, and four negroes to carry 
 each basket. There were, besides, a number of negroes, to 
 take charge of our luggage ; so that our caravan amounted 
 to seventeen persons, besides ourselves. At the coff"ee-plan- 
 tation there is a house arranged with European accom- 
 modations, where we were surrounded with all tlie luxury of 
 the civilized world, and had for dinner French asparagus. 
 The spot was lovely, pleasantly varied with hill and dale, 
 mostly covered with savannahs ; where the grass is taller and 
 stronger than in our own meadows, and between the tufts grew 
 little bushes, instead of flowers. I think that I saw BUghia 
 sapida in cultivation, and remarked that Schumacher men- 
 tions it under a name diff'erent from that by which it is known 
 to the natives. The negroes who accompanied us on this 
 excursion were slaves; for the Danes still have slaves, but 
 they seem well off", and were merry and cheerful beings. 
 On the whole, I found in the short periodof my acquaintance 
 with them, no diff"erence in their behaviour or dealing from 
 the free negroes at Cape Coast Castle; except that the 
 latter are shameless in demanding money for drink. At 
 Cape Coast, it is absolutely necessary to keep an immo- 
 derate number of servants ; and on an excursion from thence, 
 our train of attendants consisted of thirty-six persons. There 
 is no difficulty in this, for the blacks go as servants merely 
 for food and clothing, which in this cHmate costs little : 
 or they are sent when boys by their fathers to an Eu- 
 ropean, that they may in this way learn something. The 
 houses of Europeans here are very large, roomy, and well 
 built, raised high above the ground to make them airy, 
 and furnished with open verandahs for the same purpose. 
 Europeans, however, do not in general remain long, since 
 the climate on the coast is not suitable to their constitution. 
 The few who are here seem to lead a miserable life : the 
 
10 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 society is very limited and monotonous, and their wishes are 
 confined principally to making money ; in which many fail. At 
 Cape Coast, the small white shells which we use for orna- 
 menting horses' bridles are given in exchange as coin ; they 
 are called cowries : a thousand of them are worth about a 
 guelder, in the interior they are worth more : we hqve with 
 us whole sacks of them. Gold-dust also appears at first a 
 very curious medium of exchange ; it is used especially in 
 Cape Coast and Accra, where it is washed from the sand of 
 the river banks which flows through the town. Every one of 
 the market people carries a small pair of gold-scales : with 
 which he weighs out for a silver-groschen, or perhaps for a 
 sechser, its worth of gold-dust: they then take these very 
 small grains with them, wrapped up in a piece of rag. All 
 these market people are natives, and sell palm-oil, cocoa-nuts, 
 diflFerent kinds of fruit, fish, home-woven cotton, &c. The 
 clothing of the men consists simply of a napkin round the 
 loins ; or in addition, a long piece of cloth passed under one 
 arm and over the other. They remove it from the shoulder 
 when they meet a white man, and lay bare the heart by way 
 of salutation. The women have these garments, and others 
 in addition. The cloth round their loins is larger, and furnished 
 behind with a monstrous bustle : the bigger this is, the more 
 respectable is the woman, and the larger her family : in many 
 it projects like a saddle. Little children are perfectly naked. 
 So soon, however, as a young girl assumes a piece of cloth by 
 way of clothing, it is furnished with a bustle, which with time 
 is made gradually larger. 
 
 " Although I have at present had no opportunity of admir- 
 ing the full splendour of tropical vegetation ; yet many objects 
 have fallen in my way which induced me to examine and to 
 gather them. I regret very much that I have so many diffi- 
 culties to overcome, in reference to ray collections, from the 
 scanty room on shipboard, and the humidity of the weather. 
 If not attended to daily, everything is covered with mould ; 
 and even the paper in the chests becomes quite damp. Per- 
 haps, after much pains, I am so fortunate as to get my 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 1 1 
 
 plants dry, with the help of the sun and steam-engine ; but I 
 have still to look to them again, and often find cause enough 
 for repeating the process. Notwithstanding all this trouble, 
 the specimens are bad, they fall to pieces and mould con- 
 tinually ; and I must sit down under the sorry consolation, 
 that I have effected with all my zeal as much as circumstances 
 would allow." 
 
 On the 9th of August, the little fleet, after it had directed 
 its course from Accra straight across the Bight of Benin, 
 reached that mouth of the Niger which is called Nun, and 
 Vogel writes from thence on the day of arrival, as follows : 
 
 " Last night, without any remarkable wind, there was so 
 
 strong a rocking of the ship, that I scarcely slept a wink. I 
 
 was up late for the first time, namely, after eight o'clock, and 
 
 was not present at the morning prayers ; which a German 
 
 Missionary, from Sierra Leone, the Rev. Frederick Schon, 
 
 performs from half past seven to eight. Breakfast comes 
 
 between eight and nine : to-day we had ham and yams, and 
 
 as usual, coffee without milk. The atmosphere was so thick 
 
 that we could often not see half a mile, though when there 
 
 was for a moment a clear sky, we descried the mouth of a 
 
 river, which we took for the Nun; therefore we anchored 
 
 about six miles from the shore. The rain came down 
 
 in torrents, and the whole of the gun-room was flooded. 
 
 I betook myself to my cabin, from the window of which 
 
 I let down the shutter to enable me to see ; but the 
 
 cabin and bedding were soon so soaked from the entrance 
 
 of the rain, that I was obliged to fly to the deck in my 
 
 mackintosh. The awning is not waterproof, and the water 
 
 stood in many places two inches deep ; nevertheless, I tried 
 
 to wile away the time there till dinner. This takes place 
 
 between two and three, and, thanks to preserved meats, yams, 
 
 pastry, &c., is very comfortable. Afterwards, the carpenter 
 
 was in requisition to make my cabin water-tight. The 
 
 window- shutter was closed and the bed dried, as well as 
 
 circumstances permitted. The stove was again placed in 
 
 the gun-room J so that we had the pleasant warmth of 
 
12 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 87^ Fahr. There was enough to occupy me till tea in putting 
 my cabin to rights. At six o'clock we have tea, without 
 milk, and sea-biscuit. At half-past seven, evening prayers. 
 The rain having somewhat abated, my companion and I 
 sought for a tolerably dry place, where wrapped, in my 
 cloak, I might smoke a cigar; and then I took a. seat in 
 the gun-room, where I am writing this letter. The violent 
 rolling of the ship, however, still continues ; and its effect 
 is evidenced in my more than ordinarily bad writing. 
 
 " August 12. — We lie at anchor in the open sea, two or 
 three miles off Cape Nun : a stately fleet, consisting of the 
 three steamers, with a large transport and a small one, 
 which will accompany us up the river. There is much to 
 be done : the last stores are to be taken out of the transport, 
 which leaves us here, and the ships supplied as much as 
 possible with coal, that we may proceed up the Niger without 
 delay, to its confluence with the Tschadda. 
 
 *' Sunday f August 15, p.m. — At last we have run into the 
 Nun, after having endured, while at anchor, the most frightful 
 swell, and at the same time scarcity of water. The expedition, 
 in fact, commences to-day ; after long delay, we are at length 
 arrived at the place where our observations are to begin. The 
 vegetation, when viewed from the ship, appears extremely 
 luxuriant, and there is something like a forest. "We shall 
 probably remain some days in this place. I only hope that 
 the rain will permit me to make good use of the time." 
 
 At length, on the 11th of September, the expedition reached 
 the confluence of the Niger and Tschadda, and on the 18th 
 of September, Vogel thus writes : 
 
 " We arrived a week since at this place, which I conceived 
 I might consider as an occasional place of rest. We reck- 
 oned on a six days' course hither, with no delay at the mouth 
 of the Nun : instead of this, from our first arrival at the Nun 
 (on the 10th of August), to our coming here, a month 
 has elapsed. At Aboh and Iddah some days were spent; till 
 the desired contracts against the slave trade were concluded 
 with the Kings. This stay was, however, little to my purpose. 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 13 
 
 for circumstances hardly allowed me at either place to go on 
 shore ; and at the latter I was unwell, though not extremely 
 so. 
 
 *' At Iddah, the country which was before low and flat, 
 begins to be elevated and rises in mountains 2000 feet high, 
 which, with occasional interruptions, extend to this place, 
 where they are confined to the right bank of the river. 
 Here and there, spots occur, which remind one of the Rhine: 
 the bed of the river is, however, too broad (generally above 
 half a mile) to be picturesque, and is often broken and 
 enlarged by various islands. The mountains are bare, 
 without any signs of human industry : once only I saw a 
 village on the top of a hill, which appeared very pretty. 
 Mount Patteh, in whose neighbourhood we lie, is a quadran- 
 gular mountain on the right bank, rising precipitously on all 
 sides about 1200 feet high, with many patches of forest, and 
 thickly clothed everywhere with plants. At its foot grow 
 many slender Oil- P alms ; so that the whole picture, painted 
 with the fresh green which the rainy season has produced, 
 is very lovely. As I sit under the awning on the 
 quarter-deck, and look towards that spot, I cannot help 
 being pleased with the view, beholding in the solitary 
 Baobabs, and the OiUPalms, though familiar to me now for 
 weeks, forms which still interest me from their novelty. 
 
 " We have bought a piece of land on the right bank, 
 extending from Mount Patteh to Beaufort Island, and at this 
 moment are preparing a habitation for the person who is to 
 have the charge of the station at the foot of the mountain. 
 The land is decidedly of bad quality, and a better situa- 
 tion will be sought for : the other bank is far more suitable, 
 but it has been rejected as too low; indeed, it is now under 
 water. It is impossible for me, at present, to say any thing 
 of the nature of the vegetation. We certainly have not 
 here the usual exuberance of the tropics ; perhaps, since I 
 have been on the river, I have collected three hundred 
 species. No single family gives a peculiar character to the 
 vegetation, but this depends on a mixture of many families. 
 
14 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 Yet it is possible I may be deceived ; for scarcely any trees 
 at present are in blossom, many have only fruit, and others 
 are without any characteristic organ. The Baobabs are abun- 
 dant, most of them have the habit of old thick oaks, only 
 they are perhaps proportionally lovv^er, but I have met 
 with none which has answered the expectation raised by 
 Adanson and Golberry. Among Palms, the Oil Palm alone 
 is frequent along the river and in marshy places: the Fern 
 Palm occurs here and there ; and the Cocoa extends as far as 
 Iddah. I believe that I saw through the telescope a Tree 
 Fern. Parasitical Orchidece grow occasionally, though not 
 commonly, lower down the river ; here I have not met with 
 one. A leafless Euphorbia, forming monstrously thick bushes, 
 grows on Mount Patteh. Lianes are abundant; but their 
 tree-like stems aff"ect little the character of the landscape ; 
 they form, with the mother-stem, a thick vegetable mass. 
 The most interesting are the towering and climbing herba- 
 ceous plants, which, especially along the shore, invest the 
 shrubs and trees to a great height, often presenting real vege- 
 table walls, adorned with the sparkling blossoms of Convol- 
 vuli, Cucurbit acea, and AsclepiadecB. There is no fruit here 
 adapted to European palates : the best is the Hoff-Plum, 
 which is worse than our Sloes, and its name indicates its 
 quality. On the coasts grow good Pine-apples, Bananas, 
 &c., but they are introduced : the latter alone are cultivated 
 here, though rarely. Horses are very scarce and not larger 
 than asses ; and the oxen resemble sheep. Butter and milk are 
 rarely or never procurable ; the eggs which are brought are all 
 set upon; we have nothing but old hens for poultry. Bearing 
 these matters in mind, I cannot help exclaiming with 
 Ovid: 
 
 ' Heu terra felici non adeunda viro.' 
 
 The natives, who come to us from far and near, behave 
 extremely well ; they have never shewn the slightest sign of 
 enmity, on the contrary, they are rather too confiding. 
 They are not of that deep black hue which is observable in 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 15 
 
 Other Africans, and in this neighbourhood they have often 
 very good features. They understand spinning and 
 making cloth : they know how to work in iron, to manu- 
 facture knives, sabres, nails, &c. : they cultivate also the 
 fields with some degree of skill. It is sad, however, to 
 think, that they have possessed the same aptness for these 
 arts, probably from an almost inconceivable time, without 
 making any improvement : they lack that spiritual energy 
 which renders every acquisition a step to further advance- 
 ment. We have a daily market on the shore ; whither the 
 inhabitants of a neighbouring village resort in great numbers, 
 to sell or barter what they possess. Small looking-glasses, 
 framed in paper, meet with very ready purchasers; and I 
 shall never forget the joy which beamed in the eyes of 
 many, when they first beheld their own faces in a mirror. The 
 women, especially, cannot be satisfied with gazing on them- 
 selves, smeared with the powder of a red wood and their 
 short hair standing upright in little tufts, so that they 
 appear more like horned devils than human beings. In 
 general, however, they prefer what is useful to trifles, pro- 
 vided the latter be not too dazzling and enticing; as, for 
 instance, a bright red cap edged with gold. 
 
 " We brought with us a quantity of articles of female 
 dress, often ornamented absurdly enough, as gauze handker- 
 chiefs, sashes, &c. ; which they accept as presents with suffi- 
 cient indifference; whereas they are very eager after large 
 pocket handkerchiefs, which they wear round the loins. The 
 men are all armed with bows and arrows. They value their 
 arrows very highly, which are strongly poisoned : one of 
 them, however, lately sold me all his implements of war, 
 viz., arrows, quiver and bow, a short wooden arm-plate, a 
 knife and an iron ring, for 2000 cowries, about a dollar and a 
 half, which is however not above half the original price. All 
 these things are made convenient for use, and strong, but 
 generally without much art. The way they string their bow, 
 which is about four feet long, is clever. In the right hand they 
 hold a knife, with a hollow handle, through which they pass 
 
16 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 four fingers and the middle of the hand : on the thumb they 
 have an iron ring, and draw between this and the handle the 
 bowstring; so that they cannot injure the hand. Besides, 
 they are ready, as soon as the arrow is discharged, to use 
 the knife. There is a peculiar custom in the whole of 
 Africa, called " dash." Before a person deals with a stranger, 
 a present is given, called in African-English, "dash." As 
 the Africans expect that strangers or Europeans give far 
 more than they receive, this system is a sort of indirect im- 
 post, and unpleasant to those who are not prepared for it ; 
 and I have seen many a silk handkerchief given away in this 
 manner for nothing. The cotton ones, which I had bought, 
 have done me good service in this way. 
 
 " The weather has been very pleasant for travelling. The 
 rainy season, which we have had in perfection, bestows at pre- 
 sent only an occasional shower : I expect therefore that the 
 river, now at its height, will soon begin to fall. The heat in the 
 afternoon is generally up to 83° Fahr., seldom so high as 
 87° or 90°. At night it sinks to 76° or 74°, which feels very 
 cold after the heat of the day. But the sun has peculiar 
 influence here, especially when it bursts forth gradually after 
 a gush of rain : it is then so burning, that I am glad to use 
 an umbrella and a straw hat. 
 
 ^' The country we have so slowly examined is pronounced 
 unhealthy. It is no wonder then that the African fever, or 
 rather fevers, kept in check during the journey itself by the 
 excitement, has broken out most terribly ; so that the ships 
 are so many lazarettos. At present we have had few deaths ; 
 but what may take place, it is impossible to say ; for no 
 sickness is more deceptive, or undergoes quicker changes, 
 than this fever. Before the evil proclaimed itself so loudly, 
 the plan was as follows : One ship, the Wilberforce, was to 
 go up the Tschadda — this is still to be done. The two other 
 ships were to ascend the Niger, as far as Bussah or higher. 
 If they could not proceed further, two great boats were to 
 be manned, and, if possible, to reach Timbuctoo. Now, 
 however, a plan is arranged for sending the smallest vessel. 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 1 7 
 
 the Soudan, down the river, to convey the sick to Fernando 
 Po. I think we shall be back here from the Tschadda in 
 from four to six weeks ; and since the rainy season will then 
 be over, and I hope the alluvium on the shore so broad as to 
 enable us to dwell there with comfort, I trust to be in 
 fixed quarters and able to make wider excursions. Since 
 being unwell a few days at Iddah, I have felt healthy and 
 strong. The climate is, however, very injurious to an 
 European constitution ; and Sierra Leone also is considered 
 unhealthy : I have, however, found myself quite well after 
 strong exercise. I ascended Mount Patteh, which is about 
 1200 feet high, about six o'clock in the morning, without 
 much fatigue : I was perfectly well ; I botanized, returned at 
 two, took my luncheon and rested. But the whole afternoon 
 I found myself so extremely exhausted and incapable of doing 
 the least thing, as I never was before : with this consolation, 
 however, that I did not experience the shghtest feeling of 
 illness. Every one of us, who is not sick, is plagued with 
 itching on the skin, and eruptions : this affliction, together 
 with the mosquitos, which, however, at present have not 
 been numerous, do not let us sleep at night. In short, it is 
 a wretched existence for a European." 
 
 The unhappy fate of the Expedition is too well known. 
 Vogel writes on this subject from Clarence Cove, in the island 
 of Fernando Po, on the 22nd of October ; " We were desirous 
 of proceeding farther, to begin a real voyage of discovery; 
 when the tropical fever, which w'e had long feared, but at 
 last considered as left behind, broke out with such a degree 
 of virulence, that in a short time almost all the Europeans 
 were seized, and most of them suffered severely. On the 
 same evening on which I wrote my last letter (18th of Sep- 
 tember), I fell ill of the fever, which assumed a serious 
 aspect. The sea air being considered the best remedy against 
 the malady, we went all together down the river to this place. 
 First, the Soudan Avith the sick ; then our ship, the Wilber- 
 force ; and lastly, the Albert, after it had proceeded up the 
 Niger for some days, was finally compelled to return, and to 
 
 c 
 
18 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 bring all the Europeans with her. It is now the intention of 
 the conductor of the Expedition to sail to Ascension, which 
 is considered peculiarly healthy, there to await the perfect 
 recovery of the sick, and in March, when a better climate 
 for a European constitution is expected, again to ascend 
 the Niger. 1 heard that I might be allowed to spend the 
 interval at this place. They brought me on shore in a very 
 high fever, and I have been now almost three weeks here. 
 The fever, which on my way was almost always upon me, has 
 left me for the last week and a half; and I am now, as I 
 believe, out of all danger. But my strength returns very 
 slowly, and I shall scarcely be able for these six weeks to 
 resume my botanical investigations. At present I cannot 
 walk, but stumble over my own feet. One of the ships, the 
 Wilberforce, is gone to Ascension : the Albert, which arrived 
 later, is here, and will wait for the recovery of her sick," 
 
 " Of the Island of Fernando Po itself I can say little : I 
 have not yet been in a condition to look round me. Yet it 
 seems rich in plants, and I hope especially that the examina- 
 tion of the mountains may prove productive ; for they are 
 mainly covered with thick woods ; and the highest point is 
 above 10,000 feet high. The accommodations are but limited 
 and poor. All the houses are merely made of boards, 
 knocked together, and are raised on strong posts, which are 
 obliged to be frequently renewed to keep off the vermin, and 
 to facilitate the current of air. They are constructed, princi- 
 pally, with a view to airiness : the windows, that is the 
 shutters, do not close : the roof is seldom water-tight, and in 
 the walls and floor are great holes, so that during a heavy rain, 
 such as prevailed yesterday, our chamber is almost flooded ; 
 and it is merely the holes in the floor M'hich, allowing the 
 water to escape, give some relief. The German Mineralo- 
 gist belonging to the Expedition, who is somewhat more 
 advanced than myself towards recovery, will remain here ; 
 and we have clubbed together for our housekeeping; but 
 even this is expensive. Anything in the shape of a kitchen is 
 out of the question. To the open space under the house, which 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 19 
 
 is beaten hard like a barn-floor, the cook brings every day 
 his iron grate, and prepares, with a monstrous consumption 
 of wood, in four or five iron pots, every thing that can be 
 procured for food. There is, however, no great choice. We 
 have fowls, and beef when ships come, but only then, and 
 occasionally fish. Yams never fail, and they are excellent ; 
 so that I prefer them by far to our potatoes. What a pity 
 that there is no possibility of introducing this plant at 
 home ! We can have them every day ; indeed the poorer 
 people live almost entirely upon yams. Add to this, rice, 
 which however is not cultivated here; and it is almost all 
 that the country can aflord to set a poor invalid on his legs 
 again ; and it is little enough ! If any thing else be wanted, 
 it must be procured from Europe. For our domestic affairs, 
 we are obliged to have two servants, of whom one is cook. 
 Each receives daily a shilling; so that the two cost above 
 three pounds sterling a month, and we have to keep them 
 too. Both together do not accomplish in a day half so much 
 as one European would. Meanwhile, my life passes in eating, 
 drinking and sleeping ; for 1 am fit for nothing else, and am 
 unfit even for that. The Expedition will go up the Niger 
 again in March, and it is hoped will be in a condition to 
 remain there till autumn ; if so, we shall return at the end of 
 next year to Europe. Should I regain my strength by the 
 commencement of the dry season, and be able to devote so 
 many months to this island, I expect to reap such a harvest 
 as will content me for some time." 
 
 Vogel's last letter is from the same place, dated the 22nd 
 of November, and is as follows : " Since I wrote last, there 
 has been no great alteration. My recovery is tardy, but pro- 
 gressive ; or, rather, I have been well for some time ; only 
 my strength returns very slowly. Yet I am able to under- 
 take moderate excursions : longer ones I must defer ; till the 
 occasional rains cease entirely. I am most desirous of going 
 to the mountains and to lead there for some time a really 
 natural existence ; for here there is a wretched mixture of 
 artificial and natural. For these last five weeks, we have 
 
 c 2 
 
20 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE 
 
 had every thing in our domestic arrangements to superintend 
 ourselves ; otherwise we must have engaged more servants, 
 and that is not only expensive, but we have quite enough to 
 do to manage the two we have. An African servant will not 
 listen to orders, but will do every thing out of his own head ; 
 and if his taste does not agree with his master's, the master 
 he thinks must comply with his. If I say to the cook, 
 " this must not be dressed so," he answers quietly, "That is 
 how I like it ;" and if my servant, contrary to my directions, 
 goes out for the whole evening, he says coolly, " When you 
 have got your meal, you have nothing more to do with me." 
 It is often difficult to procure any thing for dinner : we have 
 had no meat for two days, and there was none to be got for 
 money. The same is often the case with bread, and if one 
 has not a stock of ship Ijiscuit, there is great difficulty about 
 it. The light afforded by a palm-oil lamp is worse than that 
 of the lamps which, in Germany, are allowed to servants, and 
 this is very bad when we have any work to do in the evening. 
 What I chiefly dislike is the host of ants, beetles, moths, &c., 
 which swarm every where : they are very destructive to my 
 collections ; and 1 wage constant war with them. Besides 
 the wasps, flies of all sorts, lizards, salamanders and rats pay 
 us constant visits ; so that a Zoologist ought to rejoice in 
 having so good an opportunity to make their acquaintance." 
 
 While Vogel was busied in this manner with plans and 
 preparations for future exertions, which bade fair to be pro- 
 ductive, and this perhaps too early for his strength, the seeds 
 of the last fatal malady were developed. In December, that 
 is, at the time when the rain ceases to pour down in torrents, 
 cold and damp weather prevailed in the island, which is 
 highly prejudicial to Europeans. 
 
 In consequence, on the 4th of December, Vogel was seized 
 with a dysentery which confined him to bed, and daily ex- 
 hausted his strength. Dr. Thomson, surgeon of the Soudan, 
 Dr. Mc William, of the Albert, and other pliysicians, paid 
 him the greatest attention ; and Herr Roscher, the companion 
 of his journey, his fellow-lodger and friend, never left the 
 
OF DR. J. R. T. VOGEL. 21 
 
 bed-side of the patient, who bore all the sufferings conse- 
 quent on his complaint with the strength of mind peculiar to 
 him, and without ever losing heart. In spite of all, on the 
 thirteenth day of his illness he expired, and without pain, 
 about mid-day, on the 17th of December. His death 
 was calm and peaceful. He had spoken daily of the ex- 
 pected wanderings amongst the mountains, and even a few 
 minutes before his death he asked his friend if he had got 
 every thing ready for their excursion. His mortal remains 
 were committed to the earth the same evening by the side 
 of Captain Bird Allen, who departed before him. The ship's 
 company carried the coffin, which was attended by the 
 commander. Captain Fishbourne, Dr. Mc William, Captain 
 Beecroft, Dr. King, Mr. Scott and his wife, and many of his 
 fellow voyagers, by all of whom he was esteemed on account 
 of his benevolent and noble disposition, and his really Chris- 
 tian virtues. His little property, according to contract, came 
 into the possession of the African Civilization Society ; and 
 it is to be hoped that his collections and journals, the 
 precious relics of an activity, which was extinguislied at the 
 moment when a wider and more worthy field of action 
 presented itself, will not be lost to science. 
 
 Vogel was by nature large and well-formed : his constitu- 
 tion, with the exception of a slight weakness in the chest and 
 a tendency to rheumatism, was excellent : his countenance 
 serious but benevolent, and exciting confidence. Active, 
 without immoderate energy, he rested not till the work he 
 had undertaken was accomplished. As a man, he was a 
 fearer of God, of strict integrity, high-minded, indulgent 
 towards faults ; warm in speech, though with a constant ob- 
 servance of propriety. Towards his friends, he was always 
 true and devoted ; towards his colleagues, upright, disinte- 
 rested and conciliatory. As a teacher, during the short time 
 he was so employed, he excited approbation and love, and 
 much was to be expected from him had he lived longer. 
 What he would have done as a writer, is incontestibly shewn 
 by his publications. 
 
JOURNAL 
 
 VOYAGE TO THE NIGEll.* 
 
 Wednesday, May 12. — After seven o^clock, p.m., we quitted 
 Devonport. Knowing that I should be attacked with sea- 
 sickness, and not be able to attend with accuracy to many 
 matters, I determined to confine my attention during the 
 voyage to the subject of temperature, and more espe- 
 cially to that of the sea, which I therefore ascertained 
 at noon, and noted in my meteorological journal. The 
 weather being favourable, I suffered less, although never 
 quite free from sea-sickness, than I had expected, and became 
 anxious to extend my observations to the temperature of the 
 air, and to the barometer. Our instrument had not been 
 rectified, and being without a thermometer to mark the 
 temperature of the quicksilver, was rather useless : in our 
 days, such imperfect observations are of little value. Nor 
 could I find on the whole deck a place for my thermometer, 
 without exposing it to many dangers ; and the contrivance 
 proposed by me for that purpose, and approved of by the 
 Captain, is not yet finished. 
 
 This evening I paid particular attention to the phospho- 
 rescence of the sea. In this latitude it is not seen except in 
 the wake of the ship. Only the waves nearest the vessel 
 
 * Translated from the original German Journal of Dr. Vogel, in 
 the possession of the African Civilization Society, by the kindness of 
 F. Scheer, Esq., of Kew Green. — Ed. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 23 
 
 were illuminated, and in fact, it appeared to me, that it was 
 solely the case with those actuallj^ in contact with it. If so, the 
 phosphorescence would seem, here at least, to be the result 
 of mere mechanical friction. It did not appear to be much 
 influenced by the moisture or dryness of the atmosphere, for 
 being very strong on Saturday evening, when the psychro- 
 meter showed a diiference of 1.1° (56.1° against 55°). No 
 animals or plants were picked up. At a distance I descried 
 some dolphins, others saw Algae and Nautili; and some tired 
 swallows settled on the ship. 
 
 Friday, May 21. — We reached Madeira in the morning. 
 The Flora of this island has become of late better known, 
 through Mr. Lowe, who has described many new species. I 
 intended to devote the few days of our stay to the study of 
 the indigenous plants ; but the uncertainty of our departure 
 did not allow of distant excursions, and obliged me to limit 
 myself to the vicinity of Funchal. I took immediately a 
 walk along the south-eastern coast, with Mr. Lowe, who 
 kindly pointed out the habitat of many indigenous species, 
 amongst which were chiefly Mathiola Maderensis, Sideroxylon 
 Marmulana, etc. On Saturday, 32nd, I was early on horse- 
 back, towards the Ribeira Frio ; where, according to Mr. 
 Lowe, the choicest native plants are to be found. The road 
 crossed Mount Church j whose barren precipices are at first 
 covered with Spartium scoparium, higher up with shrubs of 
 Laurus and Erica, and then especially with the magnificent 
 Vaccinium Maderense. On the summit it was dreadfully 
 cold, with fog, sometimes like rain. The valley was filled 
 with mist, clearing occasionally, just enough to see the 
 Laurus trees that hung down from the surrounding steeps. 
 This Laurus, several interesting Ferns, and a few other plants, 
 were, owing to the bad weather, the unexpectedly small produce 
 of this trip. On the succeeding Sunday, I chiefly visited the 
 gardens about the town. The singularly favourable situation 
 of Funchal, enjoying in consequence of the protection af- 
 forded by the surrounding mountains against cold winds, an 
 invariably moderate temperature, has been frequently dwelt 
 
24 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 upon. I had plenty of opportunity to perceive this ; for 
 during my stay, the weather was there constantly fine and 
 warm, with, at the utmost, a gentle shower ; but once 
 beyond the mountains, I experienced the most furious winds, 
 and the valleys M'ere filled with thick mists, loaded with as 
 much moisture as heavy rains. It were interesting .to ascer- 
 tain the duration and intensity of these mists, which are 
 remarkably dense, and must be highly beneficial to a barren 
 island and fertilizing to its valleys. Later in the season, the 
 weather is said to be clear and settled in the interior also. 
 The valley of Funchal receives several rivulets, and has not 
 at this time any deficiency of water. Chestnut-trees abound 
 in the valleys, and the lower declivities are frequently covered 
 with patches of Pines. To the gardens at Funchal the pre- 
 vailing state of the atmosphere is highly genial, and they 
 command splendid prospects towards the town and bay. One 
 really may fancy oneself in the East when walking, and still 
 more when riding between these gardens, which are enclosed 
 with stone walls, over which it is easy to behold the nu- 
 merous hedges of roses full of bloom. The singular spectacle 
 of the union oi Bananas and Pine-apples with our European 
 fruit-trees, has been frequently noticed, and is particularly 
 attractive to any new comer. Horticulture, from what I 
 could see, was chiefly practised for profit's sake : though in 
 several gardens there were some choice plants, which struck, 
 on account of their finer growth, the European traveller, who 
 had hitherto only seen them in the greenhouse or stove. Large 
 Dracanas were rare : whether this tree still occurs in an un- 
 cultivated state, I know not : no one collects the Gum-Dragon, 
 except as a curiosity. Dr. Renton showed me some fine 
 Coffee-trees, covered with fruit, of which the quality is said 
 to be good. He regretted, that instead of Festuca Donax, the 
 Bamboo was not more generally grown, as it succeeds so 
 well ; and I agree with him. 
 
 On Monday and Tuesday I made excursions in the valley 
 called the Corral; and to the great water-fall, which yielded me, 
 besides the common plants of Madeira, a few rare ones, viz.: 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 25 
 
 Ranunculus grandifolius, Semjjervivum sp., Sinapidendron 
 fi'utescens, Lowe^ Bystropogon punctatus, Herit., Bupleurum 
 salicifoUum, Sol., Physalis puhescens, &c. According to my 
 limited experience, the Flora of Madeira is of a thoroughly 
 South-European character ; only a very few plants, chiefly 
 Draccena, pointing out an extra-European mixture. I do not 
 speak of the neighbourhood of Funchal : a botanical garden 
 there, established with proper judgment, would lead to 
 brilliant results. A novice in travelling revels in the southern 
 forms here first offered to his view. 
 
 Of two individual plants I will only here observe, that the 
 indigenous Parietaria is that known in Germany as P. diffusa. 
 Of Cassia I only saw Cassia bicapsularis, L., the true species, 
 flowering, but not in fruit, during my stay. Cassia ruscifolia, 
 which is indigenous, according to Jacquin, in Madeira, Mr. 
 Lowe assures me, certainly does not grow in the island ; and 
 that Cassia occidentalis exists only in a single garden. The 
 history of these species remains therefore still obscure. 
 
 Tuesday, May 25. — Left Madeira in the evening. I had 
 exposed myself too much during my last excursion to the 
 waterfall, to the soaking rain, burning sun, and wet, in wading 
 through brooks. The guide had committed an error 5 for 
 these people engage to conduct you any where, whether they 
 know the place or not. I was, consequently, several days 
 unable to move ; and when we arrived, on Friday the 28th of 
 May, in the port of Santa Cruz, 1 could do no more than 
 cast a few glimpses on the island. The next day I resumed my 
 observations on the temperature of the sea ; but my illness, 
 which was an entire interruption of the digestive powers, 
 continued till we reached Cape de Verd Islands. 
 
 Thursday, June 3, we were off St. Vincent. We had 
 mistaken the small adjoining Sta. Lucia for the former, and 
 approached it so closely, that we could examine the nature 
 of its shores, which gave only a prospect of wildness and 
 sterility. Sailing along the high cliffs of the western coast of 
 St. Vincent, I looked anxiously for some traces of vegetation, 
 but only distinguished, far off, a few shrubs, and it was dark 
 
26 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 ere we anchored at Porto Grande. I liastened the next 
 morning earl3' on deck, impatient to survey, for the first 
 time, an entirely tropical vegetation. The back of the bay is 
 flat and sandy, with a few cottages on the north-east side : 
 beyond the shore rise hills overtopped in the distance by 
 mountains. I could clearly descry two main valleys, reaching 
 far inland, and exhibiting the same white sand as the beach. 
 Every place was burnt up and bare of vegetation, except a 
 few shrubs in one of the valleys, whither I directed my first 
 walk, and found these were Tamarix Senegalensis, a shrub 
 mostly 6 to 7 feet high, but sometimes a small tree, being 
 the only plant, I might almost say the only object, which 
 in these valleys affords any shadow. After a search of four 
 hours, climbing several hills and crossing as many valleys, 
 I only met with two plants, the same Tamarix, and a low 
 shrub-like Lahiata, {Lavandula formosa ?) almost dried up, 
 with few leaves and some blossoms just opening. I found 
 subsequently, that this plant spreads over the whole island. 
 The Great Desert, whose horrors are so eloquently described 
 by travellers, cannot exhibit a more desolate aspect than 
 this part of St. Vincent. Yet the soil ought to be fertile, for 
 it is a conglomerate of large and small bits of basalt, in 
 a loamy and chalky soil, closely covered in many places with 
 dried grass, forming natural hay and furnishing scanty 
 fodder to cattle and goats, when they have not the Tamarix 
 to nibble at. This soil only wants water, and we may guess, 
 from these remnants of its vegetation, how fertile it must 
 be, when supplied during the brief rainy season with some 
 moisture.* To the above-mentioned plants of the plain, (if I 
 may so express myself, where there is only hill and dale), I 
 could add subsequently very few more. A small Euphorbia, 
 perhaps prostrata or serpyUifolia, but appearing new to me, 
 a few littoral plants, esj^ecially Zygopliijllum album or sim- 
 plex ; and on tlie shore, Cassia obovata^ just then in blossom 
 
 * According to the natives, the wet season lasts from the beginning 
 of August to the middle of October, jjretty regularly ; but sometimes very 
 little rain falls. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 27 
 
 and fruit, and extending about 600 feet (German ?) up the 
 mountains. This scanty harvest induced me to explore the 
 higher regions for more botanical treasures ; but even there 
 1 found frequently the same barrenness. The mountain 
 chain, which borders the western side of the chief valley, 
 rismg frequently to 1500 feet, only afforded me a dozen 
 species on its northern declivity. Two spots however were 
 more productive, viz : the highest ridge and the next highest, 
 situated rather more towards the middle of the island. The 
 former is undoubtedly the richest, and hence goes by the 
 name of " Monte Verte." It is a basaltic rock, topping a 
 gradually ascending table-land, according to my barometrical 
 admeasurement, as high as 2500 feet. It is the only moun- 
 tain in the island, having its summit always enveloped in 
 clouds ; consequently there are, on its upper half, many well 
 watered spots, whilst every thing else is burnt by drought. 
 
 Of the difference between the lower and mountain vege- 
 tation I can hardly speak ; but it seemed clear that many 
 plants, flourishing on the mountain, did also grow in the 
 lower country, though now dried up. With the Tamarix of 
 the plain, grows a shrubby Euphorbia (I believe the only 
 frutescent Ewpliorh'ai of the island) commonly 2 or 3 feet 
 high ; but sometimes a small tree, with twenty or thirty 
 leaves amongst the blossoms at the ends of its branches, it 
 is characteristic of the mountains and gives an agreeable 
 verdure to the clefts, abounding in the upper valleys and 
 reaching to the very top of Monte Verte. It appears to be 
 the same found by Brunner at St. Jago, and mentioned as 
 Euph. genistoides ? I think it is an undescribed species. A 
 spreading, creeping, branching, completely leafless Ascle- 
 piadea, occurred frequently, at 500 feet, on small flats, or 
 pendent from rocks, sometimes with white flowers at the 
 tips of the branches. A handsome Statice, a Camjjamda 
 (related to dulcis) a Labiata with red flowers and coriaceous 
 leaves, {Lavandula?), a Sida, which I am inclined to think 
 new, with a LinarHa, Borago Africana, Echium, Tribulus 
 teiTestris, Achyranthes aspera, Lotus sp., half a dozen Com- 
 
28 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 posit(E, a shrubby Urtica, a flowerless Sempervivum, and a 
 few Graminea and Cyperacece, formed in this region a 
 pleasant spectacle ; such as one would hardly have expected 
 on an apparently desert island. The general aspect of vege- 
 tation was very European, enhanced by Samolus Valerandi, 
 Nasturtium officinale, and Plantago mi?ior 7 To these situations 
 were some cultivated plants ; but they looked, at least just 
 now, very poorly : Beans (especially Lablab) Maize, Cucum- 
 bers, a few Bananas, Cotton, Ricinus, and Batatas, seemed 
 to be the chief, but hardly in sufficient quantity for 
 the six or seven hundred inhabitants. The Bananas, fur- 
 nished to us, were said to come from St. Antonio. There 
 were also a few Sycamore figs, and Jatropha Curcas ; there are 
 said to be some Guavas and Papayas. A creeping Convol- 
 vulus is much grown, and in reply to my repeated inquiries, 
 1 was always assured that it m'es used as thatch. 
 
 In Cryptogamia this island is proportionally still poorer. 
 Four Ferns, all at above 400 feet, a few Confervas, perhaps 
 three or four Mosses, on the top of Monte Verte, all without 
 fructification, and Alga on the sea coast very sparingly. 
 Of insects, I found chiefly flies and grasshoppers; few 
 beetles. On the whole I have collected here about eighty 
 or ninety Phanerogamia in flower. 
 
 Wednesday, June 6. — Towards the evening we quitted this, 
 certainly most sterile island, after a stay of thirteen days. 
 I had been most anxious to visit the adjacent island, which 
 from all accounts appeared more interesting ; but this wish 
 could not be indulged, the uncertainty of our departure 
 rendering such an excursion hazardous. However, the 
 Wilberforce had now to go there, (to Terrafal Bay) for water. 
 We anchored off" St. Antonio on the same evening, without 
 exactly recognising the spot where we were. In the morning 
 we descried the green shore, proving to be the valley which 
 was to furnish the water. There is a plantation intersected 
 by a clear brook, full in the upper part, but caught in ponds 
 near the coast, for the purpose of irrigating the grounds ; and 
 as the distance is considerable, the ground very dry, and the 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 29 
 
 conduits ill contrived, much valuable water is lost. It 
 would be better to conduct the water in the exact direction 
 of the chief valley, which would shorten its way to the 
 coast considerably. The map of Vidal, however excellent, 
 is not quite correct as regards this valley. Our short stay 
 did not allow me to visit the whole valley. Close to the 
 shore were many plants of Asclepias gigantea, whose shining 
 coriaceous leaves attracted notice, even from on board ship. 
 The plantation consists chiefly of some Sugar-cane, Cotton, 
 Papaya, Citrons, Limes, Guavas, Ricinus, Curcas, and Figs. 
 Higher up the valley Bananas are chiefly grown, with Cassia 
 occidentalis. Cocoa and Capsicum. Amongst the plants on 
 the sandy shore, there were frequently Argemone Mewicana, 
 Heliotr opium, a Sonchus, several Grasses, &c. The other 
 indigenous plants correspond mostly with those of St. Vin- 
 cent, but grow more luxuriantly. The same Sida was 
 common : the usual Euphorbia fprostrata ?), Cassia obovata, 
 Tribulus terrestris, the leafless Asclejjiadea of St. Vincent, 
 Boracjo Africana and Tamarix Senegalensis were also found 
 here : in the part of the plantation nearest the shore grows 
 an Indigofera (near Ind. Anil) a new species of Phaca, [Phaca 
 micrantha) ; and a Plumbago, which if it be P. scandens, 
 mentioned as belonging to St. Jago, must be indigenous on 
 these islands. The brook in the main valley was full of 
 Bamboo, which looked very pretty, especially where inter- 
 twined with Convolvolus near a small cascade. Along the 
 stream there I also noticed an Epilobium, Plantago, Cyperus 
 and Samolus Valerandi. Orchil is chiefly exported from this 
 island. 
 
 Friday, June 18. — Left St. Antonio at noon. Unfavourable 
 winds and the rolling of the sea made me sick for several 
 days; and I found it not a little disagreeable to be every 
 morning soaked with water, dripping into my cabin ; when 
 the deck was washed overhead. The first days, especially, it 
 poured through in absolute streams, and swamped every thing. 
 Of course, my plants suffered not a little, and many things 
 were so spoiled, that I was absolutely forced to throw them 
 
30 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 overboard. If I were a surgeon in the Royal Navy, I would 
 make most humble supplication that more care should be 
 devoted to the construction of ship's decks, and recommend 
 their being water-tight, which surely cannot be difficult; and 
 if I were not attended to, I would add, like a second Cato 
 Censorius, to every report a " ceterum censeo" that the decks 
 be rendered water-tight. It must be surely extremely 
 injurious to health to lie in wet beds.* On my recovery, 
 (Tuesday 22) I recommenced my observations on the tempe- 
 rature of the sea, and was surprised to find it in this latitude 
 still so high. It, however, soon decreased, and towards the 
 coast became very irregular. With regard to the observa- 
 tion of Tuesday, June 22, at half past three, p.m., of 86° 1', 
 I will here especially observe, that every care had been 
 taken to avoid any chance of error. 
 
 Saturday, June 26. — We anchored towards evening at 
 Free Town, Sierra Leone, which presents a very charming 
 appearance. From the Cape of Sierra Leone to the town, 
 gentle undulations, bordered by a mountain chain, on which 
 one may distinguish isolated trees, run close to the shore of 
 the river ; while the intermediate space, and even far up the 
 ascent, is covered with the most luxuriant vegetation, bril- 
 liantly shining in the full tropical freshness of the rainy 
 season, which has just set in. Between the shrubs, many 
 negro villages, full of closely set cottages with pointed roofs, 
 are sprinkled up to the town, and beyond it along the river. 
 The town itself has a very pleasing appearance : though laid 
 out in regular streets, the houses stand as yet singly amongst 
 trees and shrubs. Probably the aspect of the country may 
 not always Ije so agreeable : we are now at the end of the 
 tornadoes, when the land has been considerably invigorated 
 by rains : a few months earlier it probably looked very dif- 
 ferent. Some turns of the mountain-road afford indeed 
 most splendid prospects. The vegetation of Sierra Leone 
 has been so often described, that my observations, limited 
 
 * This defect, it is well known, does not occur generally in men-of- 
 war, and seldom except in man-of-war steamers. — (H. D. Trotter). 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER, 31 
 
 as they were by our short stay, can hardly be worth notice. 
 What may perhaps not be generally known, is the fact, that 
 Orchidacece occur here frequently : at Mr. Whitfield's I saw 
 a collection of more than thirty species, which he means to 
 take to Europe in a living state. The edible fruits, so inte- 
 resting through Sabine's publication of Brown's Remarks 
 in Don's Collection, were not just now to be met with, and it 
 requires, in fact, more local knowledge than can be acquired 
 in a {e\Y days, to get them together. I inquired a great deal 
 after the somewhat mystical Cream-fruit of Afzelius. The 
 name was unknown ; and several persons, even Mr. Whit- 
 field, guessed from my description, that it must be a fruit 
 they called Bird-lime ; of which the said gentleman gave me 
 a dried, nearly ripe specimen. It is not eaten readily by any 
 body. Although there are here discrepancies, I must after 
 all believe, that we have yet to learn whether Cream-fruit, 
 Bird-lime and Don's sweet Pishanin are, or are not, iden- 
 tical. The Oil Palm {Elais Guineensis) is the only one 
 occurring often near Free-Town. It is monoecious ; the 
 male flower growing above the female. It produces fruit 
 (perhaps not always) when only 7 feet high ; and before the 
 lowest ribs have decayed. I also saw a Leguminosa, belong- 
 ing, as far as I could judge from the fruit, to the genus 
 Afzelia, but if so, it would form a separate division. Though 
 a rich flora, it was not, either near the town or in the 
 mountains, by any means so luxuriant as the descriptions had 
 led me to expect. The soil is a close clay, impregnated with 
 iron, and cannot therefore be fertile. It having been soon 
 ascertained that the land near the town could not yield so 
 much as had been expected, the attention of the earlier 
 emigrants was already directed towards other parts of the 
 vicinity ; I know not with what success. It is singular, 
 that this thickly peopled colony should not produce any 
 thing fit for exportation : the trade in teak or camwood 
 seems only a waste of the rich endowments of nature. This 
 surely is a matter worth consideration. The Africans, col- 
 lected here in such multitudes, furnish abundant and cheap 
 
32 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 labourers, and yet there is no cultivation on an enlarged 
 scale. Much diligence is used to convert and educate the 
 "liberated Africans;" but without any beneficial influence 
 on the neighbouring tribes. This is not very satisfactory, 
 and shows that if it was intended to extend civihzation to 
 these parts, great faults must have been comnrjitted ; and also 
 proves that the Africans are not inclined to follow a good 
 example. The liberated Africans, on their arrival at Sierra 
 Leone, are apprenticed with a planter till their twentieth 
 year; after that, a piece of land is apportioned to them, from 
 which they raise a scanty maintenance. On the whole, their 
 villages appeared to me, as far as I saw them, clean and 
 cheerful (of course cum grano s(iUs). But the total want of 
 hospitality, for we often found it impossible to get anything 
 to eat, was painful. 
 
 During the few days that we spent here, the weather was 
 mostly fine : the sky generally bright, with a hot sun, though 
 sometimes clouded : towards evening tornadoes occurred, 
 bringing frequently several hours' rain. After having abun- 
 dantly enjoyed the noise of African tongues and the offen- 
 sive exhalations of their persons, especially on Thursday, 
 when the Kroomen and negroes were engaged, v,e left Free 
 Town on Friday, July 2, about noon. Taking the " Soudan" 
 in tow, we made but slow progress, and only got to Mon- 
 rovia,* on Monday, July 5, and cast anchor in the bay. 
 The few hours wdiich I devoted to a walk towards the head 
 of Cape Mesurado, taught me, that the vegetation is very 
 similar to that of Sierra Leone. Sarcocephalus esculentus 
 grew abundantly ; and the fruit called pomegranate by Don, 
 occurred sparingly. A Poivrea, with beautiful red flowers, 
 seems new. Cassia occidentalis, BotTeria Kohautiana, and 
 an herbaceous Phyllanthus grew in abundance. Around the 
 dwelhngs Coffee-trees had been planted, but left to grow 
 too freely ; Limes, Figs, Curcas, Guavas, Ananas, Anona 
 muricata and also Cytisus Cajan and Arrov)root were 
 
 * Monrovia is the capital of the American colony of Liberia. — (H. D. 
 Trotter). 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 33 
 
 cultivated ; Bananas and Oil Palms occurred of course. 
 The plantations were no doubt extensive, but during my 
 short stay, I could not see more than those of Cotton and 
 Sugar. Anona muricata is much eaten, both here and at 
 Sierra Leone, under the name of Soursop ; and I was assured 
 that it is considered the finest fruit of all ; but I could not 
 taste it without disgust : altogether I cannot join in the 
 praise of African fruit. The land was not very rich. On 
 the shore there is the same iron clay as at Sierra Leone, and 
 somewhat higher up to the Cape it also prevails (according 
 to Rosher), only finer-grained and firm. In several places 
 water (rain?) has percolated, and caused it to assume singular 
 shapes, almost models of mountain ridges. 
 
 Monrovia Town has a pleasing appearance, many of the 
 houses are large. Few white people are seen. The coloured 
 population, with hardly any of whom I had intercourse, ap- 
 peared inquisitive, obtrusive, and fond of idleness : no traces 
 of hospitality, but an eagerness to make money, and a desire 
 to affect importance. The connection* between Liberia and 
 the United States I could not make out very clearly. There 
 is but one flag flying in Monrovia, that of the United 
 States, viz: on the house of the Governor; professedly 
 because he is the American Consul. The school-house is a 
 large hall, hung with maps of Africa and America; there 
 were also near the raised desk some philosophical instru- 
 ments, used by the missionary, who had some prepared heads 
 of animals, as he told me, to exhibit during his lectures. The 
 boys and girls are taught in the same room ; but as I was 
 there only during the free hours, I could not witness the 
 method of instruction practised. It is singular, that instead, 
 as we hear, of Liberia being on good terms with the 
 natives, it is always at war with them. The last war ended 
 
 * The settlement of Liberia is under the control of a Society, in the 
 United States : the Superintendent being appointed by the Society and 
 not by the United States' government. By the laws of the United States, 
 the Federal Union cannot possess colonies beyond the seas. — (H. U. 
 Trotter.) 
 
 B 
 
34 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 about six months ago. The inhabitants allege the destruc- 
 tion of the slave factories as the cause. 
 
 The rainy season had now fairly set in, and my cabin being 
 so damp that I could not dry either plants or paper, to form 
 a collection became impossible, and I carried away but a few 
 single specimens. 
 
 Near Monrovia, is a Kroo town ; whence fishermen, in their 
 small canoes and with angling lines, came paddling about our 
 ship. Except a slight covering on the head, they were quite 
 naked : in warm weather, this was probably the fittest 
 attire for them. 
 
 Towards the evening of Tuesday, July 6th, we left Mon- 
 rovia, and until Thursday evening, were in tow of the Albert. 
 We then proceeded, by ourselves, to Grand Bassa, where we 
 anchored on Friday morning, for the purpose of taking in 
 fuel. We stayed several days ; not one of which passed 
 without rain, sometimes most violent throughout the entire 
 day. This, and other circumstances, limited my researches to 
 the immediate vicinity of the shore ; where, however, I found 
 more plants than I was able to preserve. I made a collection 
 of about a hundred specimens, at the risk of losing every- 
 thing by the wet. Many plants, especially the Monocotyle- 
 done, were not yet in flower; and I regretted this most 
 especially in the case of the numerous parasitical Orchidece. 
 The shore is flat and sandy ; and the sand has drifted so far 
 inland, that I never got beyond it. There were no forests, 
 only bushes, intermingled with isolated high trees ; which I 
 could not determine, for they were all without blossom or 
 fruit. The African Bombay appeared amongst them, and 
 the same Spondias as at Sierra Leone, forming a con- 
 siderable tree ; respecting which I feel doubtful whether it be 
 identical with S. Mrjrobalanus. The pride of this coast is the 
 Elais, often growing in clumps of twelve or more, exhibiting 
 under different circumstances a different habit, and giving a 
 considerable variety of aspect to the country. This Palm is 
 of generally moderate height, and constitutes with various 
 FicL the chief masses of wood. The underwood consists of 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 35 
 
 close-growing shrubby Rubiaceae, with shining leaves, inter- 
 mingled with Gloriosa superba, Cissi, Leguminosce, Banisterice, 
 as creepers, leaving hardly room for Melastoma and other 
 low plants that peep through with their fine blossoms. It is 
 a very interesting sight, that of a few Oil Palms growing in 
 a clump ; the ribs of the lower leaves still adhering to the 
 stems, which are clothed with a fresh verdure of parasitical 
 Ferns and Orchidacea ; whilst other parasites, such as Ferns, 
 Pothos, AnoncB, Commelince, small Rubiacecs and LeguminoscB, 
 choose the airy shelter of the foliage for their habitation. 
 Of single plants one might specify Sarcocephalus, which 
 occurs frequently, the same Phyllanthus as in Liberia, 
 Schmidelia Africana, a genus of Apocynece, apparently new 
 and near TaberncBmontana, remarkable for its double fruit as 
 large as a child's head, the seeds nestling in the almost woody 
 pulp, wild Sugar-cane, not in blossom, Conocarpus erectus, 
 var. /3. a small shrub, a probably new Cassytha, Scaevola 
 (really different from S. Lobelia}), IndigofercB sp. Cann<2 sp. 
 Cassia occidentalis (culf^.), Borreria Kohautiana, &c. The 
 Stylosanthes forms a close jungle, with its erect and much 
 branched stem, about 1^ foot high, along the sandy shore. 
 A few open spaces amongst the shrubby woods were covered, 
 as if cultivated, with Cyperaceae ; amongst which a species of 
 Eriocaulon is frequent. A few more watered spots showed 
 Gr'asses, with a beautiful Orchidea 2 or 3 feet high. Near the 
 village, I found Euphorbia drupifera, Schum. An excursion to 
 the river enabled me to examine the Mangrove woods, where 
 a Rhizophora (different from R. Mangle r), but not yet in 
 ripe fruit, formed the bulk of the woods : amongst it an 
 Avicennia, Ixxdgxwg by the leaves, different from that at Sierra 
 Leone {nitida ?), was frequent ; and the shrubby Conocarpus 
 racemosus (is it not identical with an American species?), which 
 so far as I know, has not yet been enumerated amongst African 
 plants, but inhabits similar situations at Sierra Leone. Inter- 
 mixed with these, Drepanocarpus lunatus rendered my pro- 
 gress very difficult. Pandanus Candelabrum, without leaves, 
 occurs here for the first time, in swamps. An Anona (a tree 
 
 D 2 
 
36 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 10 to 12 feet high), in fruit, and apparently very similar to 
 chrysocarpa, Lepr., if not the same, was not uncommon in 
 these swamps. Leguminous trees seem rare, and do not 
 attain a large size : there are no Mimosa or Ccesa/pinicB. Of 
 cultivated plants, the Sweet Cassada is most valued and 
 grown ; also Rice, various sorts of Capsicum, Papaiv and 
 plantains, and Holcus here and there, with Ananas in large 
 quantities amongst the shrubs. 
 
 Our anchorage was between a town belonging to Lil)eria, 
 called Idine (according to the pronunciation), and the River 
 Keun, but nearer the latter. The jungle begins with the 
 flat shore; and the native villages, consisting of a few huts, 
 are situated amongst it. The Kroomen live near the shore : 
 the natives are of another race. The cottages of the former 
 which I visited, were neat and clean, built of mats, square, 
 with pointed roofs ; and generally a raised floor, 1^ feet above 
 the ground, composed of plaited palm-ribs. The Kroomen 
 themselves appeared rather intelligent; and they pleased me 
 by their straightforward and modest behaviour, touching 
 none of my things witliout permission, which might have 
 served as a good example to the people of Liberia. 
 
 Wednesday, July 14. — We left in the afternoon, and 
 anchored on Friday, July 16th, about ten o'clock, a.m., ofi" 
 Cape Palmas, to take in a fresh supply of fuel. The Cape is 
 formed bv a narrow projection into the sea; on the foremost 
 part of which, the houses of the American colony have been 
 built. The dwellings of the fishermen are situated on the 
 part nearest the main land. Their huts are very different 
 from those of the Kroomen of Grand Bassa, being without 
 raised floors, and having much more pointed roofs. The 
 buildings of the American colony are straggling, and they 
 extend, I was told, about four miles into the interior. 
 There are none but people of colour at the Cape ; the only 
 whites, if I understood rightly, being a few missionaries, who 
 devote all their attention to the natives. At this colony, the 
 soil is very bad : the rock, frequently protruding through it, 
 consists of hornblende (micaceous slate). The soil is a very 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 37 
 
 hard iron-clay, in small clumps, originating, according to 
 RoshePs statement, in the debris of decomposed granite veins 
 traversing the rock ; but to me it appears that the rock itself 
 has much to do with the formation. Further up the stream, 
 the land is said to be good. North of Cape Palmas, the river, 
 according to the statement of the Governor, is navigable for 
 seven miles with canoes, and empties itself into the sea, 
 through several mouths. From a distance, the Cape has an 
 agreeable aspect : the isthmus is well clothed with vegetation, 
 and beyond it the beautiful forms of the Oil and Fan-jjalms 
 are seen. 
 
 My excursions were limited to the isthmus and nearest 
 parts. On the isthmus grows Phoenix spinosa, Th., a low 
 shrub : beyond the river it is said to produce flowers and 
 fruit. A few Cocoas* had been planted, some years back, and 
 were still small, as were the trees of Arioiia muricata. The 
 plants chiefly cultivated seemed to be Cassava, Sweet-potato, 
 Bananas, Plantains, Indian corn, and Rice ; while Cassia occi- 
 dentalis was seen in every cultivated spot : the same Spondias 
 as before grows also here : Coffee had been introduced from 
 Monrovia : here and there the indigenous species of Cotton had 
 been raised : Arachis hypogaa (Africana ?) I found planted in 
 one place. In the native Flora, which, however, I have 
 hardly seen, Rubiacece, Convolvidacece, Leguminosce were 
 chiefly conspicuous. The same Anona (near chrysocarpa) 
 as in Grand Bassa grew here : Pandanus Candelabrum on dry 
 ground ; several sorts of Figs, amongst which is the small 
 fruited kind of Grand Bassa -.Jatropha Curcas was frequently 
 employed for fences. Amongst the underwood I found a 
 small shrubby tree, related to Belvisia (Napoleona), and 
 probably a distinct genus nearly approaching it, it bore blos- 
 
 * The inhabitants believe, that whoever plants a Cocoa-palm will die, 
 before it produces fruit (i. e. in about seven years). The Chief of the 
 fishermen yielded at last to the entreaties of the American Governor, and 
 put some Cocoa-nuts on the ground : he then drove cattle over the spot, 
 that he might not incur the consequences of planting and covering them 
 with earth ! 
 
38 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 som and fruit ; the latter convinced me that I had seen the 
 same, and a species but little differing from it, at Grand 
 Bassa. 
 
 Sunday, July 18. — We left Cape Palmas about 2 p.m., and 
 were off Cape Coast Castle on the evening of Saturday, the 
 24th. On Sunday, Captain Trotter issued a circular, prohibit- 
 ing any one belonging to the expedition from remaining all 
 night on shore : the unhealthy season here having begun. The 
 Gold Coast was of the greatest importance to me, the plants 
 described by Schumacher forming a sort of standard for the 
 African Flora ; but I deemed it best to be careful, and to 
 decline all friendly invitations to stay on land; although this 
 would have been of infinite advantage in collecting, and in 
 fact was almost indispensable. 
 
 The vicinity of the town exhibits no great fertility : granite 
 and gneiss, often naked, extending to the coast. A few miles 
 inland, a fine black loam prevails, apparently very favourable 
 for cultivation ; and further inland still, the soil is said to be 
 extremely fertile, consisting probably of vegetable mould. 
 On account of the heavy surf, it is impossible to land, other- 
 wise than in canoes ; and in this and every case where you 
 are obliged to depend on negroes, punctuality is out of the- 
 question ; and much time was always lost. A trip to the Model 
 Farm, five miles inland, now under the superintendence of 
 Mr. Wilson, promised to make this place very interesting. 
 The major part of this plantation lies on the declivity of a 
 hill, consisting of indifferent soil, (decomposed granite) ; whilst 
 before and beyond it, the land is excellent. They call this 
 plantation " Napoleon.'^ The dwelling-house is on the top 
 of the hill, and commands a very interesting prospect. The 
 plantations consist chiefly of Coffee-trees, only a few years 
 old : some, covered with fruit, were, according to Mr. Wilson, 
 of only seven months growth, which seems truly wonderful, for 
 in the West Indies, Coffee bears no fruit even in the best soils 
 under eighteen months. Besides Coffee, Bananas, Plantains, 
 Arrow-root, Yams, Lhnes, Lemons, Oranges and Indian corn 
 were much cultivated. In the grounds of the natives, Indian 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 39 
 
 corn^ Bananas, Plantains and Yams, were conspicuous, but 
 no Holcus (!) From the Indian corn they prepare a very 
 sour bread, which with Banatias, constitutes their chief food. 
 Palm-soup, a native dish, when made of boiled Palm-nuts 
 only, is very well flavoured. They pick the nuts off those 
 young stems of the Elais Gnineensis which have not yet lost 
 any of the leaves, and consider these as superior to the fruit 
 of older plants, and cut them also down, to collect palm-wine. 
 Besides this Palm, there is the Cocoa; which frequently 
 assumes a singular aspect from the multitude of birds^ 
 nests appended to the mid-rib of the leaves, and which 
 might be taken at a distance for fruit, and had formerly 
 puzzled me in drawings. The birds hang their nests in this 
 position to protect them against the cats ! The Fan-palm 
 grows too at Cape Coast Castle, but apparently is less 
 frequent. To judge by parts of the stems which I met 
 with, Calamus must occur further in the interior. 
 
 Another excursion was about six or seven miles inland, to 
 Orange Town and Quowprath. Here the soil was fertile, 
 with good vegetable mould and extensive plantations of /wc?«aw 
 corn; Bromelias skirting the former plantations. The best 
 habitations of the natives resemble those of the Ashantees, 
 and have a square court in the middle, its four sides 
 surrounded by buildings. 
 
 It is almost impossible to travel in European clothes ; espe- 
 cially during this season, when the water collected in the 
 roads reaches often up to the middle. Besides, great exer- 
 tion or exposure to the sun is dangerous, and occasionally 
 fatal to new comers. The residents go out in smajl carriages, 
 drawn by four negroes, or travelling-chairs carried by two. The 
 former can only be used on tolerably good roads, and the latter 
 have also their inconveniences. For instance, I was myself 
 upset in the middle of a puddle ; because my bearers slipped ; 
 but I happily fell on an adjacent dry grass-plot. It is a great 
 inconvenience for persons who, like me, travel ex professo, 
 that at such places as Cape Coast Castle, it is impossible to 
 hire the necessary vehicles, but you must be dependant on 
 
40 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the kindness of others. I had the good fortune to find, in 
 Mr. Henry Smith, a man who anticipated all my wants with 
 the utmost affability, assisting me, in fact, in every possible 
 manner. 
 
 There is much less of botanical interest near the town than 
 I had expected, the number of plants increasing materially 
 with the distance from it. The present season, immediately 
 subsequent to the rains, is not very favourable: the rain had 
 nearly ceased on the coast, and only a few showers fell now 
 and then; but a few miles inland, much rain prevails about 
 this time ; and on my trip to Quowprath, about six miles, I 
 got thoroughly soaked. I saw many plants without flowers 
 or fruit; but not one that was Monocotyledonous, though 
 many are said to occur with splendid flowers. The difference 
 of the vegetation from what we had last visited, was very 
 striking. Here Leguminosoi were predominant, and RubiacecB 
 less so ; Mimosoi, with their characteristic foliage, which I had 
 hitherto seen but rarely, became conspicuous. The country 
 is varied with hill and dale, and covered with shrul)s 6 or 7 
 feet high, intermingled with single lofty trees^ particularly 
 Bombax, in leaf, but without blossom or fruit, which the 
 inhabitants call Iron-wood. 
 
 I found another single tree of considerable height, with 
 flowers and fruit : it seems to be a new genus related to 
 Crescentia. The fruit is filled M'ith solid firm pulp, 2 feet 
 long, 1| foot broad hanging downwards, as also does the 
 flower, by a long pedicel. About the town, and in its vici- 
 nity, grows a half-shrubby Cassia, similar to occidentalis, but 
 with a round divided fruit which might be taken for that of 
 C. Sophora. The true Cassia occidentalis occurs likewise. 
 Poinciana pulcherrima, just coming in flower, prettily lined 
 the roadsides ; and in the jungle grows a yellow Coniposita 
 (I only saw two Compositce in flower) which often adorned 
 great parts of the way, and seems diff'used over the whole 
 coast. Sarcocephalus was seen in blossom and fruit. The 
 new genus of Apocynece, with large fruit, did not occur. A 
 beautiful avenue of Hibiscus populneusQ) planted at the west 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 41 
 
 end of the town, forms one of the marked features of Cape 
 Coast Castle. As we were about to proceed to Accra, I 
 thought it important to avail myself of the opportunity and 
 to visit, if possible, the Danish settlements, founded in the 
 interior by Isert, and to obtain information respecting them, 
 which had not been received at all of late. The Wilberforce 
 was not ready for sea ; but the Albert left on Friday, the 
 30th July ; and Captain Trotter allowed me to make the 
 passage in this vessel, thus saving much of my time. We 
 anchored on Saturday afternoon, at British Accra ; but it was 
 late before I got on shore ; for the surf would not let us land 
 without canoes, which, as at Cape Coast Castle, are made 
 pointed at one end, and provided with a high bulwark. 
 
 As my excursions led into the mountains. Dr. Stanger 
 offered to accompany us ; and Mr. McLean, who went with 
 us on shore, kindly provided us with quarters for the night, 
 it being too late to proceed to Danish Accra. Sunday 
 morning, the 1st of August, we set out in two little carriages, 
 each drawn by four negroes, (here also the common way of 
 travelling for Europeans) for Danish Accra ; where we called 
 on Mr. Richter, a Danish merchant, and accompanied by 
 him visited the Danish Governor, Mr. Dall; to whom Mr. 
 Richter and Mr. McLean introduced us. 
 
 The fortifications here are not important : they consist of 
 a few large houses, with loftj", airy rooms surrounded by a 
 wall and breastwork, and are inhabited by the Europeans. 
 They are white-washed and conspicuous at a great distance. 
 The Danish fort is classic ground for a botanist, for here 
 Isert and Thonning made the collection, through which we 
 became acquainted with this Flora. The humane spirit of 
 Isert, so warmly expressed in his writings on behalf of the 
 negroes, rendered this place highly interesting to me ; and 
 the more so, as we were engaged in an enterprize, aiming at 
 the objects which he had endeavoured to attain during the 
 latter years of his life. I inquired anxiously after his esta- 
 blishments in the interior, but could obtain no official infor- 
 mation about them. After Isert's decease, they had gone 
 
42 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 to decay. Mr. de Khon, who is said to have assumed the 
 management, and introduced the plough, and is represented 
 in various works which I have read, to have effected so 
 much, never came here, as Mr. Richter and the Danish 
 Governor positively assured me ! Since his time, indeed, 
 no one took any trouble about these plantations ; and about 
 1808, they were altogether given up. Every thing is now a 
 wilderness, and the place not to be recognised. Flindt esta- 
 blished about this time, another plantation on the River 
 Volta near the Fort, the main object being distillation : but 
 this was soon discontinued. About ten years ago, I believe 
 another plantation was formed at the foot of the mountain 
 in Aquafim, named " Frederic's Gau ;" and as we wished to 
 visit it, Mr. Dall had the kindness to indulge us ; but he 
 told us it was not extensive, and the superintendent 
 being ill, it could not be in a very satisfactory state. The 
 distance is fourteen or fifteen miles : the only mode of getting 
 there is in a sort of palanquin or basket, carried by two 
 poles, on the head of two or four negroes. Mr. Dall, by 
 providing abundantly for all our wants, caused our cortege 
 to amount to about sixteen persons. The direction, accord- 
 ing to compass, was almost exactly N. by E. We started, 
 at half past eleven o'clock. The first and greatest part of 
 the way leads through Savannahs, covered with Grasses and 
 Cyperacea, intermixed with many species of shrubby and 
 half- shrubby Leguminosce, besides a few Mulvacea, and 
 some tall, but more generally only moderately high trees, 
 viz : Bombax, the genus which I mentioned at Cape Coast 
 as perhaps related to Crescentia,^ Ficus, Fan-palms, Euphorbia 
 drupifera, very conspicuous from its naked spur-like branches, 
 bearing only a few stiff inversely spathulate leaves at the 
 extreme points, and near the villages and huts Tamarinds 
 and Hibiscus populneus. Towards the coast, the soil is sandy 
 like decomposed sandstone ; but soon improves, from the 
 culture of Indian Corn, Cassava, Yams, Arachis, various 
 sorts of Cucumbers, and Bananas, Cocoas are little culti- 
 * May it not be the Bignonia tulipifera, Scliumacher ? 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 43 
 
 vated here ; or in any part of Africa, which I have seen. 
 We crossed several ridges of hills affording pleasant views 
 over the surrounding country, covered with fresh green, and 
 struck then into the jungle; where the shrubs, common 
 on this coast, grew abundantly, about a man's height, 
 and closely interwoven with creepers. Leguminosa dimi- 
 nished, and Rubiacea increased. Sarcocephalus, described by 
 Schumacher as Ceplialina esculenta, Th., is not uncommon. 
 We arrived at the settlement towards six o'clock, p.m., too late 
 to see much. The house of the superintendent lies half-way 
 up the mountain ridge, and is roomy and comfortable, and 
 being white-washed is conspicuous far off. At the foot of 
 the mountain is a negro village and the plantation. Monday, 
 August 2nd, having passed the night, in consequence of the 
 friendly care of Mr. Dall, most comfortably, and supplied 
 with every convenience, we were off at dawn of day ; 
 thermom. 73^° Fahr. The mountain is a quartz rock, covered 
 in many places, and often to the depth of several feet, with 
 vegetable mould, overgrown, where not cultivated, with 
 Brushwood. The site of the house was at an elevation of 
 about 1000 feet, and 100 above it grew a high Oil Palm. 
 The brushwood consisted chiefly of Rubiacece, interwoven 
 with Convolvulus : few in flower and none remarkable. In 
 the plantation were the usual edible plants of this country :. 
 the settlement consists of a coffee ground, of no great 
 extent. Governor Dall told us that about three years back, 
 the trees had been destroyed by an insect, and they were 
 now very small, 3 to 4 feet high, but thriving and bearing 
 abundantly. The soil is excellent and rich ; but the esta- 
 blishment looked neglected, which must be ascribed to the 
 absence of the superintendent. Close by is another coffee 
 ground belonging to Mr. Richter ; but none of our compa- 
 nions speaking English, I only heard of it after our return. 
 Near these grounds is an avenue of Soursojjs {Anona muri- 
 cata) and Oranges, and close by several trees just now bearing 
 ripe fruit, clearly the Akee, or Blighia sapida. They seem 
 to have been planted ; but on looking into Schumacher^s 
 
44 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 description of Guinea plants, I found a Cupmiia edulis, men- 
 tioned as an indigenous tree, which I dare say, is identical 
 with the above. 
 
 As we had only leave of absence until sunset of this day, 
 we were obliged to content ourselves with the slight survey 
 of a few hours, and after enduring an hour's heavy rain, we 
 started at eleven o'clock and came back by the same road, 
 though being down-hill, we got on faster ; and having returned 
 sincere thanks to Governor Dall and Mr. Richter for their 
 obliging and liberal assistance, we arrived in good time at 
 British Accra ; where we found that the hour of departure 
 had not yet been fixed. 
 
 As soon as I got on board the Wilberforce, my first care 
 was to shift my entire collection, especially the plants 
 gathered since we arrived at Cape Coast Castle ; but though 
 I had taken all possible care, much was spoilt and almost 
 everything in a bad state. It has been my lot with almost 
 all my collections on this coast, that after endless labour, I 
 could only get together ill-conditioned plants ; for dampness 
 and want of room are obstacles impossible to be overcome, 
 and which forced me at last to satisfy myself with the mise- 
 rable consolation, that I have done all the circumstances - 
 would admit. I mention this, on purpose, that in case my 
 collection comes into other hands, I may not be accused of 
 negligence. I have sacrificed every convenience to gain 
 room, and spared no trouble to overcome the dampness of 
 the ship and of the atmosphere, but without success. The 
 general arrangements of a man-of-war do not give much 
 opportunity for such experiments. When will the time 
 arrive, that expeditions, whose result must depend on the 
 observations of naturalists, will afford them, from the outset, 
 the appropriate and necessary accommodation ? At present, 
 the vessels are fitted up for other purposes, and it is left to 
 chance, to discover a little nook for the philosopher. I was 
 now obliged to devote the two days remaining which we spent 
 at Accra, to the drying of my collection ; that all might not 
 be lost. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 45 
 
 Thursday, August 5. — We left Accra after midnight, 
 and cast anchor on Sunday, the 9th, at the mouth of a 
 river, supposed to be the Nun. The weather was gloomy, 
 and a dense rain falling all day, caused the wet to make its 
 way through the shutters, so that it was difficult to find a dry 
 place, even for standing room. We stayed there the whole 
 day, and sailed next morning for the mouth of the Nun, 
 anchoring about nine miles off it, alongside the Albert. 
 
 Friday, August 13. — The want of water, already felt 
 the day before, was now more severely experienced ; 
 although we had collected some rain on Monday. How such 
 an Expedition came to be unprovided with water, especially 
 when we consider that, on no account, ought we to have made 
 use at first of the Niger water, is incomprehensible to me ! 
 It had been easy to obtain abundance of good water at 
 Danish Accra. 
 
 Sunday, August 15. — We quitted our anchorage at half 
 past eleven, a.m., and crossed without difficulty the bar; 
 beyond which we cast anchor beside the Albert, at about 
 a quarter to two, p.m. Here we stopped four days; during 
 which I could only examine the right bank of the river, 
 because I had no boat to get to the opposite side ; where the 
 greater extent of land and a village seemed to offer more 
 interest. The river is here perhaps 10,000 yards wide ; and 
 the stream carries down a great deal of sand. The tide 
 showed itself very distinctly, running perhaps three or four 
 knots an hour, and the current seeming to set more on 
 the left shore, which appears to be a mere sandbank, or 
 sandy foreland, than on the right, which is covered with 
 jungle, immediately beyond the sandy strand. The mouth 
 of the Nun looks like a Delta, on a small scale ; at least now, 
 during the rainy season, being intersected by many shallow 
 watercourses, forming, further on, low lands covered with 
 Mangroves, similar to what I observed at Bassa Cove (Grand 
 Bassa). The Avicennia appeared to prove, that the one 
 hitherto seen, with quite naked leaves (A. nitida ?) at Grand 
 Bassa, is but a variety of that at Sierra Leone. In these 
 
46 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mangrove swamps, the Oil palm often grew, covered with 
 parasitical Ferns, (I found only two species of Ferns besides 
 those, which are terrestrial), and on somewhat higher ground, 
 Drejjanocarpus lunati/s, Ormocarpus verrucosus^ a few shrubby 
 RubiacecB, and a few Mimosea. Of the trees, intermixed with 
 the Mangroves, little can be said : they were not many, and 
 all covered, to the very top, with parasites. Some belonged to 
 the genus Bombax. This land, if it can be so called, was but a 
 few feet above high-watermark, and consisted of sea-sand and 
 vegetable remains. The beach was quite flat, hardly higher 
 than the sea, covered in many places with water, and formed 
 of sand, mixed with mica, probably carried down by the 
 Niger, and giving its shores a shining and peculiar appearance. 
 In some places, the strand is clothed with jungle close to the 
 sea, consisting of Chrysobalanus Icaco and Ecastophylluin 
 Broivnei ; the fruits of the former, of a beautiful red, were very 
 conspicuous. Intermingled with these grew Melastomace(S, 
 Diodia maritima, Th., some other small Rubiacea, and Sco- 
 paria dulcis ; while the border, towards the higher woods, 
 was frequently ornamented with the beautiful yellow flowers of 
 Hibiscus tiliaceus. Amongst these shrubs, spots might be seen, 
 here and there, covered with tall rough Grass and Cijperace(Bj 
 to the height of a man, and higher, bound together by Con- 
 volvuli, Cassytha, and other Lianes, rendering them perfectly 
 impenetrable. I found several places closely matted with 
 Stylosanthes Guineensis, forming carpets ; upon which one 
 might cross pools without observing them. The most 
 barren and sandy places were much overgrown with a Te- 
 leianthera, R. Br., {Illecebrum obliquum, Schum. ?) an Euphor- 
 bia {trinervia, Schum.?) but especially with a yellow-flowered 
 creeping Dolichos and Convolvulus Pes Caprts, {rotundifol. 
 Schum ), which latter is diff'used over the whole coast from 
 Monrovia. An Umbellifera {Hydrocotyle interrupta, l3. 
 platyph. DC), grew every where on the beach amongst 
 the Mangroves, and seems to overspread the whole coast. 
 A species of Malaghetty Pepper, differing from that in 
 Grand Bassa by the long beak of the fruit, was frequent. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 47 
 
 On one spot, amongst the Mangroves, I noticed, on the de- 
 caying roots, a delicate white plant, having white scales instead 
 of leaves, and three flowers : it was a parasite on the roots, 
 but sent forth roots of its own. I have preserved a few 
 specimens in spirits. Upon the whole, I have seen too little 
 of the vegetation here, to compare it with that of any place 
 hitherto visited on the coast. On the opposite shore, they 
 cultivate Cocoa Palms, of which the natives brought us 
 the nuts : on the right bank, where we did not now see any 
 inhabitants, the Cassada showed traces of abandoned plan- 
 tations. The scenery is not remarkable. At the entrance, 
 the left side presented a pleasant prospect, from the familiar 
 forms of the forest and Cocoa Palm : on the opposite shore, 
 beyond the forest and brushwood, there appeared a sort of 
 lagoon ; while behind that, the Mangroves rose into an erect 
 and lofty- stemmed wood. 
 
 Of the natives, I saw only few, and none very near. They 
 seemed to be well-formed, robust men, with their hair 
 frequently shorn in a crest shape, but having nothing par- 
 ticular in their dress. I was told that they have a language of 
 their own (Bassa language). The weather was changeable, al- 
 ternate rain and sunshine, the former moderate and the 
 heat never oppressive. By day and night, but especially 
 during the day, a fresh sea-breeze prevailed. 
 
 Fridaij, August 20. — At break of day, we proceeded up 
 the rivei', and although it rained violently, every one was in 
 high spirits at our at last moving onwards, and beginning, 
 after so much detention, the Expedition itself. A little 
 above the bar, the river, dividing into creeks and branches, 
 is very wide ; resembling a lake ; but the only branch deep 
 enough for the steamers, at present known to unite with the 
 upper part, called " Louis Creek," is narrow in proportion, 
 at one part only sixty to eighty English yards wide. So 
 far, the shore is covered with Mangrove {Rhizophora), 
 which, with its roots descending from the branches, has 
 a singular appearance ; but this is only the case with old 
 trees ; for the young Mangroves often form woods of dense 
 
48 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 foliage, now in the full splendour of green leaves — a glorious 
 sight ! Only in a few places, I saw Ferns spring out of 
 the water amongst the Mangroves. A little beyond Louis 
 Creek, the character of the vegetation underwent a marked 
 change : although the country was still much covered with 
 Mangroves, they receded to the back-ground, and the stream 
 itself was lined with young, still bushy, Oil-Palms : Pandanus 
 Candelabrum showed, not seldom, its grass-like leaves; while, 
 here and there, other trees mixed with them ; until, near 
 Sunday Island,* (about thirteen English miles from the sea), 
 the Mangroves and Pandanus disappear. Then the shore 
 was lined with small trees and shrubs, with fresh glossy 
 foliage, backed by the tall and elegant forms of fully grown 
 Oil palms, a view which can never tire our sight. These 
 Palms are 60-80 feet high. The stems are thickest in the 
 middle; but the contraction towards the bottom is hardly 
 perceptible. The top is rounded. The leaves are long, their 
 tips somewhat pendent ; the lower leaves more so, which 
 causes the cylindrical shape. 
 
 Hitherto we had met few natives ; but they now began to 
 show themselves, more and more numerous, in their small 
 canoes. Their thatched huts, close to the river, were sur- 
 rounded by plantations of Pisang, descending apparently into 
 the water. I saw occasionally Bombax trees, or Leguminosa 
 and Mimosea, easily distinguishable by their peculiar foliage; 
 and some other trees, which might have been taken for 
 species of Ficus. The trees increased in number : towards 
 evening, we passed shores covered with tall Reeds, beyond 
 which thick forests extended ; but under no circumstances 
 was there a deficiency of Oil Palms. Alternating with 
 reeds, we observed plantations of Pisang and Sugar-cane, 
 completely in water ; close to small villages which became 
 very numerous. After sunset, we anchored in the midst of 
 the stream. From Alburka Island we reckon to have 
 made thirty-five English miles, (or forty from the sea.) 
 
 * The influence of the tide extends only as far as " Sunday Island." — 
 (H. D. Trotter.) 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 49 
 
 Saturday i August 21. — We proceeded, the three ships in 
 company, at day-break. The vegetation resembled, on the 
 whole, what we had seen yesterday : the trees often descend- 
 ing close to the water, and exliibiting a mass of parasites of 
 most singular forms. Sometimes I saw flowers, and fruit, 
 which only made me regret, that I could not examine them 
 closer. In Madeira I botanized on horseback, at Cape Coast 
 Castle out of a carriage, and at Accra in a basket ; but from 
 a steam-ship it was impracticable. The villages became very 
 frequent : in the plantations we saw (through the telescope) 
 besides Pisang and Sugar, occasionally Cassada, Maize and 
 Yain ; to which may be added the Oil palm and the Cocoa, 
 similar to the latter, but (here at least) not so slender, being 
 rather short and of vigorous growth. But whilst the Oil 
 palm grew every where, the Cocoa showed itself only near 
 villages : a sure proof of its not being indigenous. Soon 
 after noon, an attempt was made to proceed by another than 
 the usual branch of the river, round an island ; but we found 
 that it did not speedily join the main stream ; and we were 
 separated from the other vessels, which had taken the eastern 
 branch. After sunset we anchored, having come about thirty - 
 six miles. Soon after entering the western branch, we 
 perceived on the right shore a village of clay cottages, 
 from whence a chief came off to us : the village was called 
 Otuo. The men in the canoes were a robust race, and, like 
 others who visited us in the course of tlie day, had a line or 
 mark drawn over the forehead down to the nose. Their 
 clothes showed nothing remarkable ; but the hair of some 
 was divided into squares, like a chess-board ; while others wore 
 it plaited, in numerous little tails, which stood erect on the 
 head like so many horns. They spoke the Bassa language. 
 The shore was generally very low, rising but little above the 
 river, at the most elevated part perhaps 4 feet; while the 
 bared roots of plants made me think that the water is 
 sometimes higher than at this time. 
 
 Sunday, August 22. — Proceeding at break of day, we soon 
 
 E 
 
50 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 perceived on the left side a town : the first we had yet seen, 
 situated on an elevation of 6 to 10 feet above the river, and 
 containing clay cottages, each with a covered court-yard ; 
 while higher up were some magazines or warehouses. I saw 
 here no Cocoa j^alms ; but in the course of the day a few single 
 ones occurred. The natives, M'ho assembled on the shore, 
 to the number of several hundreds, it M^as fancied, men- 
 tioned the name of the town as " Amasuma" and that of the 
 river as " Oguberri." Further on we came to two equally 
 wide branches of the river, with equally strong currents, 
 joining together : after some consideration, the easternmost 
 was chosen, and at two o'clock we arrived at a similar place, 
 but where the western channel was very narrow. We pro- 
 ceeded a short way upwards ; and Captain Allen caused two 
 plants to be fetched by the boat, which was towing. One is 
 probably a new Dalbergia, and one a Creeper, which I had 
 watched eagerly ever since " Sunday Island.^' It climbs 
 up the trees along the shore, to their very summits, and 
 then drops many thread-like stalks, 6 feet long, covered at 
 the top with bundles of yellow flowers, which often reach the 
 ground. It appears a new genus, closely aUied to Mucuna; 
 and I call it provisionally Mucuna flagelUpes. Both plants 
 were unfortunately without fruit. Returning down this 
 branch, we saw, close to the fork on the left side, a village, 
 the name of which we understood to be Haddi, i. e. small 
 box. Towards sunset, we arrived again at the eastern or 
 main branch, left on Saturday, which is, at the place of sepa- 
 ration, a river of 3 to 4000 feet wide : its shores are elevated 
 some feet and covered with reeds and shrubs : on the left 
 bank, immediately opposite to the fork, stands a village, or 
 rather three small ones, somewhat apart and consisting of 
 clay huts, and magazines, raised on posts. The name of the 
 last of the three sounded like " Obokriga.^' Not far beyond 
 this we anchored, when it got dark. The general character 
 of the country was the same as yesterday ; but the shores 
 being somewhat higher, I was able generally to see the soil. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 51 
 
 though frequently the shrubs and plants were immersed up 
 to their lower leaves. The vegetation appeared the same as 
 before. 
 
 Monday, August 23. — Again in movement at break of day. 
 On the shore, which was lower than on the previous day, 
 we noticed a few villages ; and some negroes came alongside 
 in canoes and on board. They wore not only the streak 
 down the forehead, but mostly three parallel hnes on each 
 cheek-bone. Towards ten o'clock we arrived at a village on 
 the right shore, named in Laird's expedition " Ibu," and 
 "Little Ibu" in Allen's chart :* the inhabitants called it Ocro- 
 tombi or Korotumbij but it was some time, before we could 
 clearly hear the name. The chief, who came on board, wore 
 an old blue European jacket, and a perfectly new green cap, 
 with tassel strings. It had rained in the morning : towards 
 noon the weather cleared, and a boat going on shore to take 
 the sun's meridian, I joined it, and we landed at a plantation, 
 where the ground, about 4 or 5 feet above the level of the 
 water, consisted of good vegetable soil, mixed with clay and 
 sand, and cultivated with Cocoa trees, Yams, and Capsi- 
 cum. Sorghum {7'ubrum ?) grew apparently indigenous, and 
 formed grassy forests, 10 or 11 feet high. The geographical 
 latitude was found to be 5^ 14' N. The spot was a little 
 lower down than that called Ofitulo on Allen's map. 
 Towards ten o'clock we approached Stirling's Island, and on 
 account of the violent rain, we cast anchor there for a short 
 time : the rain felt very cold (refer to my Meteorol. Journal). 
 We proceeded about three o'clock ; the rain continuing 
 till night, with variable violence. Shortly before dark we 
 passed a place on the right shore, called, according to 
 
 * Lieut. Allen's chart of the River Niger or Quorra, published by- 
 Bate, in the Poultry, London. — Lieut. AVilliam Allen, who surveyed the 
 river in 1832 — 3, in the Alburka steamer, under Messrs. Lander and 
 Laird, was second in command on the Niger Expedition, and Comman- 
 der of H.M. Ship Wilberforce, the steamer in which Dr. Vogel ascended 
 the river.— (H. D. Trotter). 
 
 E 2 
 
52 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 Mr. Brown, " Ingliana." Near it I noticed an extensive plan- 
 tation of Bananas ; and soon after this, we cast anchor. The 
 borders of the rivers were every where covered with forests, 
 reaching to the water's edge, or with intervening high grass, 
 {Sory/mm saccharinuni ?) Amongst these, there were" frequently 
 places cleared for plantations, or they might be natural 
 open spots in the forests, where high trees would stand 
 singly. A great inconvenience and misfortune it is that 
 we are obHged to drink such bad water: it has not only 
 a dirty colour, but owing to its being saturated with decom- 
 posed vegetable and animal matter, a sickening taste, which, 
 though somewhat lessened, is not removed by filtration. 
 
 Tuesday, August 24. — At eight o'clock we passed so near 
 the shore, that I could botanize ; and I observed the blos- 
 soms of a high tree {Mimosa) and of a climber, a Tetracera, 
 perhaps not different from T. Senegalensis {obovata ?) Towards 
 ten o'clock we came to the Benin (Warree) branch. On the 
 point of land, between the two arms of the river, a signal-post 
 Avas erected, and this gave me the opportunity of visiting 
 the shore for a few minutes, and I found it covered with the 
 Sorghum, previously noticed. An j^schynomene, Cassia 
 mimosoides and a Malvacea, were all I could pick up in the 
 hurry. Thougli, from on board ship, the shore had appeared 
 swampy, it proved firm to the water's edge ; and I am 
 inclined to believe that spots, looking marshy at a distance, 
 are not really so. Perhaps some swamps may be formed 
 in dry weather by the receding of the waters; but since 
 our quitting the Mangrove country, I have not observed 
 any absolute morasses : on the contrary, the land appears 
 every where to rise 2 or 3 feet above the water, though 
 what are now creeks may become swamps in the dry 
 season. We descended the Benin (Warree)* branch for a few 
 
 * ITie brancli is erroneously called the Benin branch in Allen's Chart. 
 It leads to Warree or Warri, and oiight therefore to be called the 
 Warree branch. — (H. D. Trotter). 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 53 
 
 miles : it nowise differs from the main river, except that the 
 stream is somewhat narrower. By four o'clock we returned 
 to the point of junction ; and during our short stay, a great 
 many canoes assembled about us. Some were large and 
 carried twelve or sixteen persons, others fewer; and some 
 had only one in them. The canoes are the same as l^efore, 
 with a high and broad stern. One man stood steering with a 
 paddle. There were perhaps sixteen canoes, containing 
 about one hundred and ten people, who had come mostly 
 from Obiah, on the right shore of the river. Their dress had 
 nothing very peculiar. The main difference consisted in the 
 various coral and pearl strings, or ivory and brass rings, 
 which they wore on arms and legs, and in the manner of 
 dressing the hair. The latter struck us particularly, now 
 that so many individuals had collected, and we could look 
 down on their heads, from the deck of our ship. Some had 
 cut their hair so round and formally, that it bore the most 
 deceptive semblance to a wig : some shaved their heads 
 quite bald; while others only kept a portion of hair behind, 
 or a large portion forming a narrow ridge across, or it was 
 allowed to grow high in the middle of the head, like a small 
 steeple. Some whimsical fellows exhibited merely a narrow 
 strip of hair from behind to the front, looking like the crest 
 of a helmet, or perhaps an oblong square ; or it was cut in 
 chequers, and the remaining portion twisted into numbers of 
 little tails ; while others wore their hair like our European 
 dandies, arranged in various ways on the sides of the head. 
 The river,* at the separation of the Benin (Warree) branch, 
 
 * The branch which here separates from the Nun or main branch of 
 the Delta of the Niger, runs to the sea by the town of Warree or Warri, 
 falling into the Bight of Benin to the north-west of the mouth of the 
 Nun river. Captain Becroft of the Ethiope, Mr. Jamieson's steamer, 
 was the first to ascend the Niger by this branch, in 1840. Lieutenant 
 Allen had previously conjectured it to be the Benin river, with which, 
 however, there is only a communication by creeks. This accounts for 
 Dr. Vogel calling it the Benin branch in his Journal. 
 
 Above the separation of these two branches, the river may be properly 
 
54 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 is about a mile wide : the commencement of this branch 
 measured 696 yards. At five o'clock we quitted the Benin 
 (Warree) branch, returning into the main stream, which has 
 here a lake-like appearance, surrounded with high trees: 
 many of the canoes followed, spreading over .the water, 
 and greatly enlivening the scene by zealously rowing to keep 
 up with us. Towards sunset we cast anchor. The weather 
 was very cheerless, being generally rainy, except at noon. 
 
 Wednesday, August 25.— Proceeded at the usual time. 
 Much rain and therefore several stoppages. At noon we 
 reached a place, marked on Allen's map, Egaboh, but now 
 called " Ulok." The sun showing itself, and an attempt to 
 make observations following, I was enabled to land for a 
 short time. The grass along the shore was not a Sorghum, 
 but some other genus. Close to the water-side grew a fig- 
 tree, with very small fruit. The neighbouring chief, an old 
 leprous man, came on board : he wore a drummer's jacket 
 given him at the time of Laird's expedition (he seemed to 
 have taken great care of it) and carried an iron staff divided at 
 the top and ornamented with brass rings. After some deten- 
 tion, occasioned by heavy rains, we pursued our course, the 
 stream being generally about half a mile wide, and the vege-> 
 tation the same as heretofore. Approaching the creek that 
 leads to Ibu (Aboh)* the current proved so strong, that we 
 
 called the Niger, the name by which it has been so long known in the 
 civilized world. The natives have no name for the river, excepting 
 the general appellation of " Water," which varies with the different 
 languages spoken on the banks. Mungo Park found it called " Joliba" 
 in the higher parts of the river. In the Houssa country it is called 
 " Quorra."— (H. D. Trotter). 
 
 * Schijn says the proper name of this town is not Ibu, but " Aboh." 
 The town had hitherto been called by Europeans " Ibo" or " Eboe," 
 and was generally supposed to be the capital of the whole of the Ibo 
 country ; but we ascertained that its proper name is " Aboh," and that 
 it is the principal town of the territory of the same name, which forms a 
 part only, and that probably the most western, of the Ibo country. 
 (H. D. Trotter).— See Captain Trotter's Report to Lord Stanley; Parlia- 
 mentarj' Papers relating to the Niger Expedition, p. 91. 
 
JjS^r^ • r'-^fi'^tif^ 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 55 
 
 could hardly make way against it : on the preceding day it 
 had only been one and a half or two knots an hour. Towards 
 half past seven we cast anchor at the Ibu (Aboh) creek, 
 abreast of the creek leading to the town of Aboh. 
 
 Thursday, August 26. — Early in the morning, the Captain 
 and myself rowed about in the Ibu (Aboh) creek, and col- 
 lected a {q\v plants. This creek, at present very wide, is 
 without a current : the main channel measures perhaps 100 
 yards. The right shore is now inundated; the shrubs being 
 altogether covered with water, and the grasses immersed to 
 their ears, on which snails, ants and small beetles had settled, 
 by way of refuge, in great numbers. We had taken on board, 
 on the previous day, a man who wanted to go as pilot to 
 Aboh : he seemed to be a careful and clever person. Granby, 
 our interpreter " for Brass and Ibo," recognised him as an 
 old acquaintance, he (Granby) having lived here a long while 
 before being sold to the Europeans. The Ibo man was 
 rejoiced to see him again, and expressed his astonishment, 
 that a man sold to the Europeans should return; it being the 
 general opinion that such slaves were used for food ! 
 
 Large canoes were fastened in the jungle : they had come 
 from the Brass country, chiefly to purchase palm oil, for 
 which purpose, large casks lay on board, under roofs of 
 matting. Aboh is on the opposite side of the shore, here 
 intersected by several small creeks : otherwise it is covered 
 to the water's edge with brushwood, behind which are the 
 huts. I gathered on this occasion a few MimosecB, Sapinda- 
 cece, and Ruhiacece ; but the most interesting was a shrub 
 {Polyand. Pentag., fruct. placentis 5 parietalibus) apparently 
 a new genus of BixacecB. In the main stream, and even in 
 the smaller creeks was a Pistia, perhaps Pistia Stratiotes : 
 it does not, however, seem to grow here, but to float down 
 the Niger, where it may be seen drifting in large masses. 
 Some specimens were in flower : fruit I could not discover. 
 In the morning we had a visit from King Obi's son : towards 
 noon he came himself, with a lot of noisy followers, and 
 
56 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 henceforth we were constantly surrounded by many canoes. 
 These people wear either a piece of cloth round the loins, or 
 portions of European dresses ; only King Obi had both 
 coat and trowsers. Obi is between fifty and sixty, with a 
 true Negro face, but cunning. The son is a finely formed, 
 strong, powerful young man. King Obi brought with him 
 one of his wives, a very young person, and a daughter, 
 dressed in African style, i. e. scms g^ne. When this was 
 observed. Commissioner Cook gave to the wife a red, and 
 Captain Allen to the daughter, a coloured gown ; but the 
 latter was not pleased with hers. One might mention several 
 peculiarities about their attire ; but such things, and their 
 smoking pipes, &c., did not particularly interest me. Several 
 women wore enormous ivory rings round the legs. The 
 account I have before given of the various ways of dressing 
 their hair might be extended. The desire to possess what- 
 ever they saw, was unequivocal ; but I heard of no thefts. 
 There were a good many tools scattered about on deck, 
 which in the confusion might easily have been taken. The 
 weather was rainy and very uncomfortable. 
 
 Friday, August 27. — Through incessant rains the ground 
 got swampy, in fact so muddy, that it became impossible ta 
 make any extensive excursions. Besides some plants pre- 
 viously mentioned, I collected Cucurbitacea, Apocynece, a 
 Ficus and a species of Malaghetty pepper, which, judging by 
 the leaves and fruit, is identical with that at the mouth of the 
 Nun River : a fine Costus was very common : a Salvinia, not 
 rare in the creeks, and a Ceratophyllum, which I had seen 
 before in Aboh creek. On the stems of trees grew three 
 species of Mosses : on the ground none. Whoever may have 
 the good fortune to investigate these creeks in a boat, would 
 probably find many Cryptogamia, new to the African 
 Flora. 
 
 Saturday, August 28. — I had yesterday seen a tree, about 
 thirty feet distant from the water's edge, of moderate height, 
 with three long straight branches, closely appressed at the top,. 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 57 
 
 and bearing a corymb of rose-coloured blossoms, rising from 
 the terminal cluster of leaves. Having noticed this object 
 through the telescope from the deck, I of course wished to 
 obtain the flower, and landing, I asked two negroes (from 
 Sierra Leone) who accompanied me, whether they would 
 procure it; but they both declared it impracticable, because 
 of the high grass. I therefore cut a way with my knife ; but on 
 reaching the tree, I found it too lofty for me to get to the top 
 without loss of time ; the period for which the boat was lent 
 me having expired. To-day, I succeeded again in obtaining 
 the boat for a short while; and I found fortunately one 
 amongst the negroes who climbed the tree, about 16 feet high, 
 and gathered a few branches with an iron hook. I record 
 this circumstance here intentionally, as an instance of my 
 nearly daily difficulties. Amongst the few plants which 
 I collected, there were many that occur along the wliole 
 coast ; as, for instance, Sarcocephalus. According to what 
 Mr. Schon told me, the name of this place, which I had 
 considered to be Ibu, is Aboh. In the afternoon we left Ibu 
 (Aboh,) and steamed it by moonlight till eleven o'clock, when 
 we cast anchor. Sunday, 29th, we did not move. Weather 
 very bad. 
 
 Monday, August 30. — Started by day-break. Neither the 
 country nor the river offered any thing new. 
 
 Tuesday, August 31. — I had twice an opportunity of 
 visiting the shore for a short while. The first time, I found a 
 terrestrial Orchidea, 4 feet high : a great part of the jungle 
 on the right shore consisted of a Fig-tree, with long branch- 
 lets, covered with fructification shooting out from the old 
 wood : its white bark was visible at a great distance. The 
 ants were here dreadfully troublesome. At two o'clock, when 
 passing an island, we perceived a strong very sweet smell, 
 (almost like the Tetracera which I had collected on the 24'th), 
 but I could not descry any flowers through the telescope. 
 In the afternoon we saw, at a distance, on the left shore, the 
 first low hills, and soon afterwards a water-course on the 
 
58 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 same side ; apparently quite still, for the current of the Niger 
 ran in a sharply distinct line athwart it. This part, including 
 the hills and river, is said to be called "Oredtha;'^ it is 
 opposite Kirro market, (so named in Allen's chart.) In this 
 branch of the river grew many Pistue ; but higher up the 
 Niger, we also met them floating in large quantities. This 
 plant appears to have been displaced, by rising waters, from 
 its tranquil domicile, as is frequently the case with others : 
 for we pass many small floating islands of grass and other 
 plants, clumps of rolled-up grass, and stems of huge trees, 
 appearing in the distance, with their roots and branches 
 partly emerging from the water, exactly like canoes. The 
 river, since we left Ibu, (Aboh), continues about half-a-mile 
 in width, sometimes more : the water very muddy, and of a 
 clay colour : the shores low, covered with brushwood, inter- 
 twined with so many creepers as to form, sometimes for 
 great distances, a vegetable wall. This wall was particularly 
 remarkable on the left side of the said still water ; behind it 
 rose a few hillocks, with much cultivation, {Sorghum vul- 
 gare ?) amongst which single trees were interspersed. A 
 peculiar feature of this part consists in the small huts raised 
 on poles along the shore ; from which the natives, according, 
 to Brown, drop their fishing-lines into the river. 
 
 Wednesday, September 1. — This morning the river was 
 very wide, in one part above a mile, and covered with Pistice. 
 There were hills, especially on the left side, but they ceased 
 before we reached Damugu.* Of this place we only discerned 
 a few huts, the first round ones, with a pointed overhanging 
 grass roof. On the whole we saw to-day but few villages : 
 if there are more, they must lie beyond the jungle. Nor did 
 we observe any Cocoa palms, which had occurred in several 
 places on the previous day. About Damugu, the country 
 seems covered with high forests : hitherto, there had been 
 only low woods. Towards evening, we saw isolated high 
 trees, apparently covered with blossoms ; but through the 
 * Or Adda-Mugu.— (H. D. Trotter.) 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 59 
 
 telescope we descried these fancied flowers to be white birds, 
 {Egrets?) of which several stalked, here and there, along 
 the shore. 
 
 Thursday, September 2. — Beyond Damugu, the land 
 appears again lower and covered with jungle. I think that 
 the shores of the main river are mostly lined with forests, 
 and the islands covered with grass and underwood. To- 
 wards noon we came to finely wooded hills ; and in the 
 evening, King William's Mountain appeared, (see Allen's 
 chart.) I had twice the opportunity of going for a short 
 time on shore. First to an open place, covered with 
 grass ; where I found Cassia Absus, mimosoides ? a Psoralea, 
 some Gramhiece, Malvacea and Schmidelece : a Sarcocephalus 
 grew likewise here. The second time was near a village ; 
 where the cottages are round, and plaited of palm-leaves 
 and grass. Storehouses, raised on poles, are filled with Indian 
 corn. A Tephrosia (toxicaria), almost arborescent, was 
 planted about the huts, which a Krooman told me, was used 
 to benumb the fish. A fine red flower, on a high tree, could 
 not be procured : it appeared to be Beauvois' Spathodea ; 
 and I fancied I had seen it several times in the Delta. 
 
 Friday, September 3. — We can quite overlook the country 
 from on board our vessel. On both sides, the river is mar- 
 gined at some distance with hills : further off", towards the 
 north, rise mountains, enveloped with blue mist. Only on 
 the left side, the hills approach the shore, and are, for 
 the space of about a quarter of a mile, quite abrupt to about 
 100 feet high, of red sandstone, visible, because of its bright 
 colour, at a great distance. The top is often covered with 
 overhanging vegetation. On this hill stands the town of 
 Attah*, (Iddah), surrounded by cultivated grounds. In the 
 distance grow Cocoa palms and Baobab trees, the latter 
 bearing long pendent fruit. This morning I had another 
 
 * Attah is the name of the chief, and not of the town ; or rather, Attah 
 is the title of the chief, who is styled the Attah or King of Egarra, or 
 more generally "the Attah." The town is called Iddah. — (H. D. 
 Trotter.) 
 
CO JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 opportunity of going on shore. The ground in front 
 of the hill, and down the river, is now quite covered with 
 water. Some way up, I found a Baobab tree, apparently con- 
 sisting of several steins joined : it was by no means low, per- 
 haps 30 feet high to the branches, and altogether 70 to 80 feet 
 high. The fruit is remarkable, suspended from stalks li foot 
 long ; but I could only collect a few specimens, being obhged 
 to return. We moved to the right shore, where the " Sou- 
 dan" already was, to cut fire-wood, the " Albert" remaining 
 behind, and lay close to the shore; of vA'hich a considerable 
 breadth was inundated. In the afternoon, a number of 
 natives arrived to see what we were doing ; especially, (as they 
 said), because the people of the Attah sometimes come here 
 to make slaves. They appeared never yet to have been in 
 contact with Europeans : they wore the country cloth round 
 their loins, and were armed with bows and arrows, the latter 
 with only wooden points. The quivers seemed to be formed 
 of goatskins. Their town is said to be five miles inland, and 
 is called ^' VVaapa.^' The country is called Angori, and is 
 under the chief of this town. 
 
 According to one of our free negroes, a native of these 
 parts, this district belongs to " Benin Country,'^ which 
 extends to the sea. The " Great King" of it sacrifices daily 
 three human beings. (!) It was singular that none of the 
 Angori people had canoes, although their plantations 
 came down to the edge of the river. One, of Yams [Dioscorea 
 saliva) and Maize, was situated close to our vessel : amongst 
 these plants grew a few Tephrosice, which, a " Nufi man" told 
 me, were used in his country for catching fish, and are seen 
 both wild and cultivated. The brushwood near the river 
 consisted chiefly of Quisqualis obovata, (Schum.), which, 
 whether bearing white or red flowers, had a beautiful 
 appearance ; — and a Poinna, Sjjondias, Sarcocephalus, a few 
 Oil palms, Lonchocar/ms formosa, &c. 
 
 Saturday, September 4. — A trip into the interior showed 
 me that the soil on the hills is much mixed with sand, owing 
 to the decomposed sandstone. I could not get far; the 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 61 
 
 land being chiefly savannahs, the remnants of decayed forests : 
 Tamarinds, and other Le gummosa, a Banisteria, (?) and 
 Bombaw were conspicuous, besides other trees, ah-eady men- 
 tioned. Of herbaceous and shrubby plants I found, amongst 
 the Cypei^aceae and Grasses, chiefly Leguminosce^ Desmodium, 
 Cassia, Malvacece, Eiqjhorblacece, {Phyllantkus, Tragia). 
 Near the shore, in water-holes, grew frequently a Lemna,^ 
 now in flower. A flowering Loranthus, with verdigris-co- 
 loured fruit, was parasitical on a Legumhiosa, now almost 
 under water. 
 
 The burning sun, which came out after rain, gave me a 
 violent head-ache. Towards evening, we proceeded a few 
 miles up the river, and staid there during Sunday the 5th of 
 September, in company with the other vessels, keeping 
 the Sabbath as a day of rest. The current ran here extremely 
 strong, about three knots and a half per hour. 
 
 Monday, September 6. — I felt very unwell ; and towards 
 noon slight fever came on, which exhausted me much. 
 In the evening we followed the "Albert" to Iddah, and 
 grounded near the eastern inundated part of English Island. 
 Here we remained till Wednesday, September 8, in the 
 evening, when we succeeded in getting afloat again, and 
 proceeded a few miles upwards. 
 
 Thursday, September 9. — Till mid-day I felt unwell and 
 weak, but then got better. We approached the mountains, 
 which proved to consist of small ridges, 1,000 to 2,000 feet 
 high ; and the scenery was sometimes very pretty, the 
 mountains being overgrown with trees to the top. The hills, 
 which we passed first, and then the mountains, seemed 
 to form several (more than two ?) basins ; through which 
 the river had forced its way, as is frequently the case with 
 mountain streams. We proceeded along the eastern branch, 
 to the Bokweh Island. The foremost mountains of King's 
 Peak (so called in AUen^s chart) came down to the river, 
 and we could clearly distinguish large strata in the declivity 
 
 * Is it different from L. minor, of Europe ? The leaves are distinctly 
 striated ; whicli, so far as I recollect, is not the case in our plant. 
 
62 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 and down to the bottom. At the northern end of the island, 
 a beautiful prospect was suddenly disclosed, upon the 
 mountains on the right shore, from Mount Jervis to Mount 
 Saddleback, (see Allen's chart), contrasting, at th6 moment 
 we came out of the channel, most distinctly with the horizon, 
 then strongly illuminated by the setting sun. I observed no 
 great change in the vegetation ; unless perhaps less grass 
 prevailed on the right shore. AVe never before saw so many 
 canoes descending the river as to-day : some very large : all 
 had a small scaffolding in the middle ; and in some of them 
 were horses, no bigger than donkeys. The current, where we 
 anchored a little above Bokweh Island, was three knots and 
 a half. 
 
 Friday, September 10. — To-day we passed the mountains, 
 most of which rise in elongated ridges; but others are isolated, 
 their slopes covered with large boulders, between which is a 
 thick brushwood. The scenery is very pretty : mountains 
 often like those of the Rhine ; but castles and vineyards 
 are wanting, and the rivers too wide and full of island and 
 swamps. About noon, we stopped near a small island, 
 beyond Mount Soracle (in Allen's chart) ; the name of 
 ■which, according to some natives who came on board, was 
 Dagore. I was again unwell and could not go on shore ; but 
 Roscher, who did, found the island of granite formation, and 
 he brought me a few plants. Between Mount St. Michael and 
 Mount Franklin in Allen's chart, stood a village, situated 
 on a partly isolated hill ; the first, which I had observed here, 
 built on a considerable elevation ; most of the villages being 
 close to the river, so that, because of the unusual rise of 
 water, a portion of the huts are under water. A Leginninosa 
 with the habit of Robinia, and violet blossoms now in full 
 splendour, struck me : I also saw here and there a Baobab 
 with fruit : yesterday I noticed many Cocoas, to-day none. 
 Near a village, on the right shore, a little above Maconochie 
 island, grew some Fan palms ; and we subsequently met with 
 more : before this, I had only seen one in the Delta. We 
 anchored about half-wav between Mount Franklin and the 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 63 
 
 confluence of the Niger and Chadda. The current runs two 
 and a half knots. 
 
 Saturday, September 11. — Before eight o'clock we cast 
 anchor off Adda-Kuddu, the place which had been prelimi- 
 narily fixed upon for the model-farm. The river expands 
 here to a lake ; while, to the extreme left, the confluence with 
 the Chadda is seen. Mountains above 2000 feet high are 
 visible in every direction at a distance. The landing-place 
 was remarkable for the many boulders, lying one over the 
 other, surrounded and partly overgrown with shrubs and 
 trees. In one conspicuous place I found a Baobab, looking 
 much like an old Oak. Close by, were several others, one 
 quite denuded, the rest with a little foliage, but all showing 
 their characteristic pendent fruit. Being still poorly, I took 
 Captain Trotter's advice and went on shore. The ruins 
 of Adda-Kuddu surrounded the place, and were already 
 covered with vegetation. 
 
 Cylindrical holes, several feet deep, and 2 feet in diameter, 
 and bricked for making dyes, were still visible. The ruins 
 of African towns offer nothing picturesque. We hurried to 
 some spot ; from whence we might survey the country. 
 About the town, the habitations of which had been round 
 clay huts, lies a level valley bounded by low hillocks, which 
 promised the territory best fit for cultivation. To get at it, we 
 had to pass a place, where seemed to have been something like 
 a ditch and wall. The valley itself had evidently been culti- 
 vated at one time, but is now covered with Graminea, 
 Cyperacede, a {q\y small Euphorbice, Malvacea, and particularly 
 Leguniinosoe ; amongst which two Tephrosia, one 5 or 6 feet 
 high, were the most remarkable plants, rendering our pro- 
 gress very difficult by their woody stalks. The valley was 
 nearly dry, with only a few puddles of rain water ; and the 
 ground is pretty well cleared, with here and there a few 
 large pieces of broken rock. The soil consisted of decom- 
 posed granite, and if it ever had been mixed with vegetable 
 earth, it is exhausted by former cultivation. Quartz remained 
 abundantly in it, in the shape of coarse sand, and I could 
 
64 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 not help condemning the soil as extremely indifferent. The 
 inhabitants of Adda- Kuddu, upon their town being destroyed 
 by the Felahtis, removed to the opposite side of the river, 
 and built there the town called " Schimri," (afterwards I 
 heard other names for the new Adda-Kuddu) close to the 
 shore. It is now, by reason of this year's unusually high 
 water, quite inundated ; and therefore the people have erected 
 another new city. The chief or governor (or Aneidjo) ap- 
 pointed by the King of Iddah, paid us a visit. His compa- 
 nions wore the Nufi Toba, an under-dress with wide sleeves, 
 reaching to the knuckles. He was decorated with large bells 
 on the wrists ; and a slave fanned him with a leathern fan. 
 In the afternoon we proceeded up the Niger, to Stirling Hill, 
 to examine the country : it was difficult to learn at whose 
 disposal it was ; but at last we were assured, that an inde- 
 pendent tribe, said to be very savage, dwelt on the mountain. 
 I was requested, towards sunset, to examine the soil in the 
 valley, and found it no better, than at Adda-Kuddu. There 
 were plantations of Maize and Yams. Mr. Carr had, in the 
 meantime, been on the hill, and detected a rich vege- 
 table soil. We returned immediately to Adda-Kuddu, which 
 we reached at dark. The current here is two knots. The 
 natives had brought cocoa-nuts on board, and on my inquiry, 
 they said, the tree grew on the other shore ; but afterwards 
 they asserted, that it was not found here at all. Mr. Brown 
 had brought me from thence a Unona (!) and an apparently 
 entirely new genus of the family of Legum'mosce, with a fruit 
 similar to Swartzia, and I subsequently found this little tree 
 every where on the shore about Stirling. 
 
 Snnday, September 12. — We remained quietly at anchor. 
 
 Monday, September 13. — I went on shore to botanize 
 amongst the ruins of Adda-Kuddu ; but the hot sun quickly 
 forced me back. Papaws are here still frequent ; also some 
 sorts of Cucurbitacece, which, with Asclepiadea and Creejjers, 
 have overgrown the ruined huts. A Lemna growing in a 
 puddle was the same as I had seen at Iddah. I observed 
 here but a single Pistia float by ; whilst the day before, we 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 65 
 
 met with them in abundance, floating on the Quorra (Niger). 
 In the afternoon I went again to Stirling hill, and explored 
 it for a short time; but found the soil to consist of sand- 
 stone, impregnated with iron, and therefore bad. A few 
 spots only exhibited vegetable soil, formed of decomposed 
 plants. 
 
 Tuesday, September 14<. — At six o'clock we climbed 
 Mount Patteh. It is rather steep, difficult of ascent, and 
 covered with many boulders of red iron sandstone. The 
 pea-like formation is remarkable. There were single strata 
 of quartz. The cultivation of Yams, Capsicum, Gvinea-grain, 
 (now without blossom or fruit) a bean or Dolichos, and a few 
 Bananas, continued to the summit. A streamlet, running 
 down from somewhere about midway of the mount, had a 
 bed of clay, which is also more or less mixed with the soil 
 generally ; and along this channel the chief brushwood grew. 
 Largish isolated trees are met over the whole declivity, pro- 
 bably remnants of former forests. It looks as if the useful 
 trees had been preserved. Four species occurred particularly 
 often ; Baobab ; Parkia, now without fruit or blossom, but 
 with foliage ; Sarcocephalus, sometimes a stately tree, but 
 with long branches showing a disposition to climb ; and the 
 Hog-plum {Spondias), but this chiefly at the summit. The 
 barometer gave 1200 feet, according to a hasty calculation, 
 (subsequently 1150), above the level of the Niger. On the 
 top is table-land (level plateau) much cultivated, and covered 
 often with brushwood and a tree with yellow flowers, I think 
 Beauvois' Spathodea ;* another tree, of which blossomf and 
 fruit are preserved in acid, a shrubby Mimosa and species of 
 Ficus, without fructification. A species of Tephrosia was fre- 
 quently cultivated. I saw no Palm. The natives appeared, as 
 yet, to have had no communication with Europeans : they were 
 armed with bows and arrows, much like those of the country 
 
 * A handsome tree, with dark scarlet flowers, of the same genus, was 
 frequent on the declivity. 
 
 f A high, much branched, leafless Euphorbia, the juice of which is 
 said to cause blindness. 
 
 F 
 
66 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 near Angori : their arrows are said to be poisoned ; and 
 their clothes consisted of stuffs, manufactured by themselves. 
 They were of a gentle nature ; and the mere word " scanu*' 
 was sufl&cient to conquer their diffidence. For some presents 
 which we gave them, they expressed their thanks by bowing 
 to the ground, and strewing repeatedly dust on the forehead, 
 perhaps tM^elve times : the women uncovered the bosom and 
 put dust on it. Decency amongst the women seemed to 
 require, that the upper garment should be tightly fastened 
 above the bosom, so as to cover it completely. The boys 
 we saw were circumcised. 
 
 Towards two o'clock I returned, not feeling well, for I 
 had exerted myself too much. The sun had been clouded, 
 and I had latterly protected myself with an umbrella ; never- 
 theless in the afternoon and evening I felt so tired, and yet 
 so heated and restless, that I cannot recollect ever having 
 been so uncomfortable and disabled, without absolute ill- 
 ness. Every exertion seems now to produce more or less 
 this effect. Restlessness and exhaustion, burning of the skin 
 and eruptions, become quite insufferable. 
 
 Tuesday, September 14. — To-day I had to take care of the' 
 plants, which I gathered yesterday, and wished to arrange 
 my collection, for which purpose I had been unable to 
 obtain either room or a case, and was therefore obliged to 
 preserve them, as best I could, in bundles in my cabin : 
 a plan which was good neither for them, nor for myself. 
 My assistant, now somewhat trained, was unfortunately the 
 best linguist, and our intercourse with the natives being very 
 great, I could hardly ever avail myself of his aid. At a 
 distance this all appears trivial ; but to a traveller in my 
 situation the frequent repetition of such trials is extremely 
 disheartening. The natives, perceiving our wishes, brought 
 chiefly arms on board, some apparently made in a hurry for the 
 occasion; also calabashes, mats and sacks of plaited grass, 
 honey, palm-wine, stuffs of their own manufacture, reels of 
 cotton, earth-nuts, yams, goats, sheep, poultry and fat. In 
 return they took cowries, cloth, wearing-apparel and particu- 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 67 
 
 larly looking-glasses : the latter being chiefly bought by the 
 women. The women are often beautifully painted with red 
 Camwood (?) pulverized and made into balls as large as a fist, 
 and thus sold : the eyelids they paint with antimony, which 
 they brought with them on board in very neat cylindrical 
 cases made of skins. 
 
 Wednesday, September 15. — The intercourse with the 
 natives continued. They bring, besides the things mentioned, 
 tobacco, which they call taba, in flat rolled disks ; also a chalk- 
 like substance, prepared from burnt bones, with which they 
 rub the fingers when spinning, it is called Eflfu in the Aku 
 language, Alii in Houssa; they kept this in small calabashes, 
 or in masses like elongated dice : whips of hippopotamus 
 skins, called Uoji : some rice, grown on the left shore, 
 and a few Limes. The process for discharging their arrows 
 seemed to me ingenious. They have a knife with a some- 
 what broad handle into which they insert the hand,* and pull 
 up the string of the bow with the back of the handle, being 
 thus sure not to hurt the hand, and are thus ready to 
 kill with the knife whatever the arrow may have hit. On 
 the left upper arm they carry arrows for their immediate use 
 in a wooden quiver. 
 
 Thursday, September 16. — Captain Trotter wished me to 
 visit the left shore. The current on the right side, 
 where we were at anchor, was 1 and li knots ; but towards 
 the middle it ran much stronger ; and in some places the boat 
 could hardly make way against it. We kept therefore, after 
 reaching the left bank of the Niger, close to the jungle, (I 
 must not say shore; for every thing was under water). 
 Amongst different things, 1 noticed a rather thick tree, 
 30 feet high, which attracted my attention by its large fruit : 
 
 * In Treviranus' Memoir occurs the following quotation from a letter of 
 Dr. Vogel's, more clearly showing their manner of using the bow. " In 
 the right hand they hold a knife with a hollow handle, through which 
 they place four fingers in the middle of the handle. On the thumb they 
 have an iron ring, and draw between this and the handle the bowstring, 
 so that they cannot injure the hand." — (See Memoir, p. 15.) 
 
 F 2 
 
68 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 it is apparently an Artocarpus. The Kroomen call it Oqua, 
 and told me that they eat the boiled seed. I saw only fruit 
 and female blossoms : no male flowers. The tree contained 
 much milky juice. Besides this I found here a seeniingly new 
 species of ^MOw«, and the above-mentioned genus of Lc^m- 
 minos(B, occurring often as a small branchy tree, with white 
 flowers, remarkable for its bright red terminal leaves. In 
 those nooks, where the current was weak, the Pistia grew in 
 large quantities, mixed with Ceratophyllum, without fructifi- 
 cation, and the Salvinia, and Jimgermannia {?) of Ibu. At 
 last we reached a bit of dry land, deep in the bush ; where 
 some negroes had pitched their tent-like straw huts for 
 temporary dwellings. They told me that they had come 
 from the opposite side (from Dgaggu ?) to plant this place, 
 against the rainy season ; but they had not yet begun. The 
 ground, now inundated, would be cultivated in the dry season, 
 for it all consisted of rich vegetable soil. 
 
 On my return, I could find no place but the deck for my plants. 
 I then went on board the " Albert," to make my report to 
 Captain Trotter, but was obliged to stop there a long time, 
 for want of a boat to return. In the meantime, we had a 
 heavy shower of rain, and on my subsequent arrival in the 
 " Wilberforce" I found not a few of my plants spoiled, or 
 quite lost, amongst them the Anona ; and I was unable to care 
 for the rest, every nook that I could use havang been filled 
 long since, and my cabin was crammed nearly full. During 
 the last four weeks, for want of suitable boxes in which to 
 preserve my collections, I was unable to do almost any- 
 thing in Botany. 
 
 Friday, September 17. — I bought to-day a complete set of 
 arms of Adgho for 2000 cowries. Captain Allen purchased an 
 ox for 30,000 cowries, from the son of a former chief of Adda- 
 Kuddu, whom he called Mallen Katab, and who had poisoned 
 old Pascoe and the Kroomen. This son, Machmakal, was 
 one of the handsomest negroes I ever saw ; but he wanted to 
 give his father's name differently. He made me a present of 
 a pair of shoes of antelope hide, very well made. He under- 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 69 
 
 Stood a little Arabic, though he could not pronounce it 
 according to Miiller's notions, but he wrote it; and singularly 
 enough, he put the paper not in the customary oriental manner 
 before him, nor writing the letters from the top downwards, 
 but so, that they must be read in the usual manner. 1 have 
 his name and mine written by him. I had understood his 
 name as Makola. According to Miiller, what he wrote, is in 
 the Algerine dialect, meaning : Machmakal.*^ 
 
 Saturday, September 18. — The number of sick increases 
 considerably ; and the " Soudan" is to take them to-morrow 
 down to the sea. I, therefore, lorote letters to-day. I continue 
 unwell ; head-ache and fever. 
 
 WRITTEN LATER, AT FERNANDO PO. 
 
 Sunday, September 19. — Decided, but slight fever. The 
 " Soudan^' leaves for the sea. 
 
 Monday, September 20. — It is settled that the " Wilber- 
 force" shall also proceed to sea with the sick, which have 
 much increased in number; and my first resolve was to 
 remain here ; but our circumstances on shore were such, that 
 as an invalid, I could hardly hope to be comfortable, and I 
 therefore take Captain Allen's advice, which is to go down 
 to sea in the " Wilberforce," and stop at Fernando Po. 
 
 Tuesday, September 21. — At six o'clock in the morning 
 we proceeded down the river, I becoming daily worse. We 
 arrived at Fernando Po on the 1st of October, and I earnestly 
 entreated to be put on shore ; for the vessel was to pro- 
 ceed to Ascension Island, and stop there several months; 
 which would have been for me worse than a prison. On 
 leaving the ship I had still violent fever, which only quitted 
 me after a week and a half. In the landing of my collection 
 I was kindly assisted by Mr. Forster. Of several of the 
 most interesting fruits, however, which, until disabled, I had 
 kept on deck to dry, nothing Avas to be seen. I regret espe- 
 cially the fruit of Adansonia, ripe fruit of Artocarpus, a fruit, 
 
 * Vocrel's Private Journal. 
 
70 JOURNAL OF THE 
 
 the blossom of which I have never seen, from Mount Patteh, 
 being amongst the most interesting, with many more. Captain 
 Allen had the goodness to order us a lodging at Mr. White's, 
 the agent of the West African Company ; and Mr. Roscher 
 having also determined to remain here, he and I agreed to 
 live together. The house intended for us not being quite 
 ready, Mr. White was so kind as to give us, in the mean 
 time, quarters in his own dweUing. We found soon how 
 difficult it was to procure on this island the necessary provi- 
 sion ; and as we had to be our own housekeepers, we asked 
 for some articles from on board ship, that we might not at 
 the outset be quite bare. 
 
 On the 5th of October we landed. They sent us from 
 our mess a few necessary utensils, cups, plates, &c., which 
 were not to be obtained any how at Fernando Po, and for 
 which we felt very grateful; but time forbade their fur- 
 nishing us with the least provisions, the " Wilberforce" 
 sailing on Saturday. On Monday, October 18, we quitted 
 Mr. White's house ; to make room for the sick which had 
 arrived on the previous day, by the " Albert." I had 
 to be carried to our new residence, for we were in miser- 
 able plight J and to get a piece of bread for money on the 
 island, was actually impossible. If acquaintances had not 
 obligingly supplied us in some degree, we should have 
 had to fast this and the next day, in the strictest sense 
 of the word. We, therefore, addressed Captain Trotter, 
 who made arrangements, by which we were at least spared 
 the necessity of running about in the heat of the day 
 for provisions ; as all those, who have no stores of their own, 
 are obliged to do. 
 
 Here I stop. My recovery proceeds but slowly; to-day 
 (October 25), I am not yet able to walk for half an hour. 
 What concerns our stay at Fernando Po must be written 
 hereafter. 
 
 These are the concluding words of the Botanical Journal. 
 In Dr. Vogel's private Journal there are some few entries after 
 
VOYAGE TO THE NIGER. 71 
 
 this date, referring mostly to personal affairs, despatches, 
 provisions, and the like. 
 
 It would appear that, towards the end of November, he 
 felt strong enough to begin his botanical excursions, 
 and says : " The heat is too great to allow convalescents 
 who are still very weak, to work much. Besides plants, I 
 have now taken to collecting insects. Roscher has quite a 
 mania for sporting ;" — and again : — 
 
 December 2. — " We had intended to proceed this week into 
 the mountains, to the tent which had been erected for Cap- 
 tain Trotter ; but ever since Sunday, Roscher has been ill, 
 probably in consequence of his sporting, often in the heat of 
 the sun ; and Thomson, who during the absence of the 
 " Albert,'^ remains here as doctor, attends him. There are 
 several cases of fever : amongst them White, the store- 
 keeper, and the doctor : all people who have been here for 
 some time ! The weather is certainly not genial to European 
 constitutions. Mornings and evenings are dull and foggy; 
 though not so thick but that one can see the country : noon and 
 afternoon changeable, a few hot hours, with west and south 
 wind. Because of Roscher's illness I must attend to our 
 housekeeping, which comes rather awkward to me. In the 
 meantime, I continue my previous way of living, i. e. I make 
 excursions from three o'clock till dusk (6 o'clock), but am 
 very anxious to get into the mountains. Yesterday I went 
 towards the farm ; to seek for the Calamus which Roscher had 
 seen, but could not find it." 
 
 With these words Dr. Vogel's private Journal ends ; and 
 we may here introduce an extract from the Report of Captain 
 Trotter, addressed to the Right Honourable Lord Stanley, 
 Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, dated March 
 15, 1843. 
 
 " We found at Clarence Cove, Fernando Po, on our 
 return in the Albert from the Niger, Dr. Vogel and Mr. 
 Roscher. These indefatigable gentlemen, of whose zeal on 
 
BOTANY 
 
 NIGER EXPEDITION.* 
 
 NOTES ON MADEIRA PLANTS." 
 
 So great was Dr. Vogel's zeal in the cause of Botany, 
 that his collections were commenced before leaving England, 
 during the few days spent by the Niger Expedition in 
 Plymouth Sound. The plants in question consist princi- 
 pally of Alffce, and being only the common South of England 
 species, and foreign to the object of this Memoir, need no 
 further notice. 
 
 During his four days' stay at Madeira, although unable to 
 make any distant excursions, Dr. Vogel formed a very ex- 
 cellent Herbarium, having been assisted in his investiga- 
 tions by the Rev. Mr. Lowe. These plants we deem worthy 
 of enumeration ,• as shewing what future voyagers may expect 
 to obtain during an equally short visit; and facilitating the 
 troublesome task of determining their names by those general 
 works on Botany in which alone the Madeira plants are de- 
 scribed. The names of those collected by the Antarctic 
 Expedition! on its outward voyage are added to this list : 
 the majority of which, having been gathered (in October) at a 
 very diiferent season, were not met with by Dr. Vogel. 
 
 All the species have been determined by Dr. Lemann ; 
 
 • By Sir W. J. Hooker and Dr. J. D. Hooker. 
 
 t The smallness of this collection is to be attributed to the temporary 
 ill health of the Botanist of the Antarctic Expedition during the ships' 
 ten days' sojourn at Madeira. 
 
74 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 whose botanical accuracy and acquaintance with the Floras 
 of S. Europe, Madeira, and the Canaries, entitle us to place 
 great reliance on the authenticity of the nomenclature. That 
 gentleman has also favoured us with some notes on the 
 Botany of Madeira, as compared with other neighbouring 
 islands, which we beg to acknowledge most heartily, and 
 which are embodied in the following remarks. 
 
 The Island of Madeira contains 672 species of flowering 
 plants and Ferns, of which 85 are absolutely peculiar, and 
 480 common to Europe ; 280 are common to Madeira and 
 the Azores (whose Flora is estimated at 425 sp.) ; 312 (or 
 probably more) to Madeira and the Canaries ; and 170 to the 
 neighbourhood of Gibraltar (where 456 have been collected.) 
 
 It is remarkable that out of 400 European, and these Me- 
 diterranean species, indigenous to Madeira, not more than 170 
 occur in Gibraltar : for it were natural to suppose that the 
 majority of 480 species are very widely dispersed throughout 
 the S. Europe, and must have migrated by way, as it were, of 
 Gibraltar, if transported across the ocean to Madeira. It is 
 further worthy of observation, that the Azores, though very far 
 to the westward, and the Canaries to the south, both contain 
 many more of the Mediterranean plants seen in Madeira, than 
 does Gibraltar. 
 
 A considerable number of the Madeira plants belong 
 to genera not found in the adjacent continent,* but in the 
 Canaries, Azores, or Cape de Verd Islands; thus indicating a 
 botanical affinity between these groups and confined to them.f 
 
 * Except, possibly, on the hitherto unexplored Atlas Mountains on 
 the Morocco coast. 
 
 t The following are some of the leading features of the N. Atlantic 
 Island Flora, as distinguishing it from the continental. 
 
 1 . Genera confined to the four groups, and represented in two or more of 
 the islands, are : — 
 
 Melanosdiiium, (Madeira and Azores.) 
 
 AicT^on}^^^-'^'^''^ ^"'l Canaries.) 
 
 Sinapidendron, (Madeira and Cape de Verd Islands.) 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 75 
 
 The evidence of this relationship is very decided, from 
 the pecuharity of the genera or species giving rise to it. 
 Though comparatively few in number, their characters are 
 so prominent and so widely dififerent from the Mediterranean 
 plants which accompany them, that the latter, though nume- 
 rically much the greatest, seem superadded, and, as it were, 
 intruders on the former. 
 
 The Canaries and Madeira, from their central position and 
 various other causes, are the centre of this Botanical region, 
 called by Mr. Webb the " Macaronesian," and exhibit more 
 peculiarity than the Cape de Verds, (as far as they are at 
 present known), or the Azores. There can be little doubt 
 Madeira was even more peculiar in its vegetation than now, 
 previous to the destruction by fire of the luxuriant forests, of 
 which, almost clothing the lower parts of the island, we have 
 historic_l evidence. Not only does such a catastrophe de- 
 stroy species, but their place is afterwards occupied by strong- 
 growing imported weeds, which prevent the re-appearance of 
 the native plants by monopolizing the soil. 
 
 With very few exceptions, the Mediterranean are the 
 only plants found in Madeira and the Canaries besides what 
 are confined to those islands : in the Azores, on the other 
 hand, more Northern European species are associated with 
 
 PhTlis'"'''' } (Madeira and Canaries.) 
 Campylanthus, (Canaries and Cape de Verd Islands.) 
 2. Orders represented by closely allied, but peculiar genera : — 
 
 SCROPHULARINE^, 
 
 Isoplexis, (Madeira,) and Callianassa, (Canaries.) 
 
 Campanulace^. 
 
 Musschia, (Madeira,) and Canarina, (Canaries.) 
 
 which are further represented by the singular Campanula Vidalii in the 
 Azores, and the equally distinct C. Jacohasa in the Cape de Verd Islands. 
 Other instances of representation by peculiar species are found in the 
 Seneciones and Sonchi, and in the curious EuphorhicB of the Canaries and 
 the Cape de Verds, and several other genera. 
 
76 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 them. In the Cape de Verds, far to the south, W. African 
 and W. Indian plants replace those of the Mediterranean. 
 
 The Island of Madeira participates in the Flora of the 
 W. Indies to a much greater degree than does any part of 
 the adjacent continent : — that this is in a great measure due to 
 the dampness of its insular chmate, is clear, from the plants 
 in question being almost entirely Ferns, viz. : — 
 
 Acrostichum squamosum, Sw. 
 Aspidium moUe, Siv, 
 Asplenium monanthemum, Sw. 
 
 „ furcatum, Sw. 
 
 Trichomanes radicans, Sw. 
 
 species found nowhere on the continent of Europe, or in 
 N. Africa. The presence of a plant belonging to the other- 
 wise exclusively American genus, Clethi'a, is striking, be- 
 cause indicating a further relationship with the Flora of 
 the New World, but of a very different character from the 
 above. 
 
 The Helichrysa of Madeira are allied in rather a remarkable 
 degree to the S. African species of that genus : a fact which 
 reminds us that the Myrsine Africana^ a Cape of Good 
 Hope plant, is a native of the Azores, but of no intervening 
 latitude on the West coast of Africa or the Atlantic Islands, 
 nor indeed anywhere else but Abyssinia. Though not a 
 subject falling immediately within the province of the pure 
 Botanist, it may not be amiss here to state, that the four 
 Island-groups in question have been conceived by my friend. 
 Professor Forbes, to be the exposed remains of one continuous 
 and extended tract of land, which formed the western prolon- 
 gation of the European and African shores. He points to 
 the specific identity of these islands and Europe, as affording 
 Botanical evidence of this ingenious theory, which, however, 
 he chiefly rests on geological grounds. Regarded in this 
 light, the question Avill resolve itself, in the opinion of most 
 Botanists, into one concerning the power of migration, and 
 the probability of transport having taken place, to a verv 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 77 
 
 great extent, over the Atlantic Ocean, and against the pre- 
 vailing direction of the winds. It may be contended that 
 such a migration would have peopled these islands solely, or 
 mainly, with certain of the more transportable classes of plants; 
 and that the result must be, that the number of species belong- 
 ing to each natural order would be great in proportion to the 
 facility with which they bear transportation : while only those 
 orders could be numerous, which possess that faculty in an 
 eminent degree. But such are not the characteristics of the 
 Mediterranean plants found in Madeira. 
 
 On the other hand, the existence of such a continent, 
 during the period when these islands bore the plants which 
 they now produce, would argue the former presence of 
 a very large Flora belonging to the type which now distin- 
 guishes the islands in question from the Mediterranean ; and 
 of whose previous existence the remaining species, peculiar 
 to them, are the indication. Against this theory it might 
 be urged, that more specific identity between the plants 
 of the several insular groups, would then be the natural 
 consequence, than now is seen : for the affinity of vegetation 
 between the different islands consists, not in identical species, 
 but in representatives. The same agent, in short, which 
 effected the peopling of the several groups with the plants 
 of continental Europe, would also have distributed more 
 equally the non-European species over the same area. 
 
 It is, however, to the lofty peaks of Atlas that we must 
 look, if any where, for the continental representatives of 
 those peculiar plants which mark the North Atlantic Insular 
 Floras. Thus, we expect to find the productions of the Galapa- 
 gos Archipelago on the higher levels of the Cordillera; and the 
 mountains of St. Thomas, Fernando Po and the Cameroons, 
 on the west coast of Tropical Africa, may yet exhibit to us the 
 Botanical features of St. Helena. Outlying and high islands 
 commonly partake in the peculiar vegetation of a climate cooler 
 than belongs to the low lands of the adjacent continent ; 
 though, in the case of Juan Fernandez, they sometimes 
 exhibit genera equally isolated in botanical affinities as their 
 habitats are in geographical position. 
 
78 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 CATALOGUE OF " MADEIRA PLANTS."* 
 
 1. Ranunculus grandifolius, Loive. — Ribiera Yr\o,'Vogel. 
 
 2. R. repens, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 3. Papaver dubium, L. — Curral, Vogel, 
 
 4. Fumaria media, Loisel. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 5. Matthiola Maderensis, Lowe. — Funchal, Vogel & J. D. H. 
 
 6. Cheiranthus mutabilis, UHer. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 7. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. — Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 8. Arabis albida, Stev. — Ribiera Frio, and Grand Waterfall, 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 9. Cardamine hirsuta, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 10. Teesdalia Iberis, DC. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 11. Sinapidendron frutescens, Lowe. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 12. Raphanus Raphanistrum, L. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 13. Viola Maderensis, Lowe. — Road to the Curral, /. D. H. 
 
 14. V. sylvestris, Lam. — Ribiera Frio and Grand Waterfall, 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 15. Linum angustifolium, Huds. — Funchal, Vogel & J. D. H, 
 
 16. Malva parviflora, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 17. Sida carpinoides, DC. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 18. S. rhombifolia, L.— Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 19. Hypericum humifusum, L. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 20. H. perforatum, L. — Funchal, Vogel & J. D. H. 
 
 21. H. glandulosum, ^i^. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 22. H. grandifolium, Chois. — Curral, J. D. H. 
 
 23. Erodium Botrys, Bertol. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 24. Geranium rotundifoHum, L. — Curral and Grand Water- 
 
 fall, Vogel. 
 
 25. Oxalis corniculata, L. — Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 26. Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, L. — Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 27. Polycarpon tetraphyllum, L.fil. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 28. Cerastium glomeratum, Thuill. — Curral and Funchal, 
 
 Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 * Collected by the Botanist of the Niger Expedition ; to which are 
 added those of the Antarctic Expedition, drawn up by C. Lemann, Esq., 
 Cantab. F.L.S. &c. &c. 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 79 
 
 29. Cerastium trivial e, Link. — Curral, Voffel, J. D. H. 
 
 30. Stellaria uliginosa, Murr. — Curral, Vogel, J, D. H. 
 
 31. S. media, Sin. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 32. Silene Gallica, X.— Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 33. Ulex Europaeus, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel, 
 
 34. Genista virgata, DC. — Curral, Fogel, J. D. H. 
 
 35. G. Maderensis, Webb. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 36. Lathyrus spheericus, Retz. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 37. Lotus glaucus, ^i^.— Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 38. Medicago tribuloides, Lam. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 39. Psoralea bituminosa, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 40. Vicia sativa, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 41. Scorpiurus subvillosus, L. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 42. Ornithopus perpusillus, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 43. Cassia bicapsularis, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. (intro- 
 
 duced ?) 
 
 44. Acacia Farnesiana, Willd. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 (introduced ?) 
 
 45. Chameemeles coccinea, Lindl. — East Coast, Vogel. 
 
 46. Alchemilla arvensis. Scop. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 47. Poterium verrucosum, Ehr, — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 48. Fragaria vesca, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel ; Curral, /. D. H. 
 
 49. Lythrum Graefferi, Tenore. — Curral, /. D. H. 
 
 50. Sempervivura glutinosum. Ait. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 51. S. villosum, Ait. — Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 52. S. aizoides, Lam. — Funchal ? Vogel. 
 
 53. Umbilicus pendulinus. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 54. Saxifraga Maderensis, Don. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 55. Bupleurum salicifolium, Solander. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 56. Crithmum maritimum, L. p. latifolium. — East Coast, 
 
 J. D. H. 
 
 57. Sambucus nigra, L, — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 58. Galium Aparine, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 59. Sherardia arvensis, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 60. Phyllis Nobla, L.— Curral, Vogel. 
 
 61. Ageratum conyzoides, L. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 62. Phagnalon saxatile, DC. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
80 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 63. Eclipta prostrata, L.} — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 64. Bidens leucantlia, WillcL — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 65. Chrysanthemum pinnatifidum,Zy.^/. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 66. Artemisia argentea, L'ii/er. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 67. Helichrysum obconicuin, DC. — Sea-coast, /. D. H. 
 
 68. H. melanophthahnum, Lowe. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 69. Gnaphalium luteo-album, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 70. Calendula arvensis, L. — Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 71. Galactites tomentosa, il/te/jc/i. — Hab.? Vogel. 
 
 72. Tolpis pectinata, DC— Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 73. T. crinita, Lowe. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 74. T. umbellata, i^er^o/.— Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 75. Thrincia nudicaulis, Lowe. — Curral, Vogel; Funchal, 
 
 /. D. H. 
 
 76. Sonchus ustulatus, Lowe, (leaves.) — South-east coast, 
 
 /. D. H. 
 
 77. Campanula Erinus, L. — Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 78. Centranthus Calcitrapa, Diifr. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 79. Vaccinium Maderense, Lm/<:. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel; Pico 
 
 Ruivo, ./. D. H. 
 
 80. Erica arborea, L. — Curral, /. 7). H. 
 
 81. E. scoparia, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel; Pico Ruivo, 
 
 /. D. H. 
 
 82. Clethra arborea. Ait. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 83. Heberdenia excelsa, DC fil. (leaves.)— Curral, J. D. H. 
 
 84. Sideroxylon Marmulana, C. Sm. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 85. Convolvulus altheeoides, L.— Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 86. C. solanifolius, Lowe. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 87. Plautago Lagopus, Hall. a. ft. Lusitanica. — a. Grand 
 
 Waterfall, ft. Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 88. P. Coronopus, Z..— Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 89. P. arborescens, Poir. — South-east coast, J. D. H. 
 
 90. Globularia longifolia, Ait. — South-east coast, Vogel ; 
 
 Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 91. Echium plantagineum, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 92. E. fastuosum, Jacq. — llab ? Vogel. 
 
 93. Myosotis repens, Don. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 81 
 
 94. Lavandula viridis, AiL — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 95. L. pinnata, L.fil. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 96. Bystropogon punctatus, UHer. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 97. Origanum virens, Link. — Curral, J. D. H. 
 
 98. Micromeria varia, Benth. — Curral, /. D. H. 
 
 99. Melissa Calamintha, L. /S. villosissima, Benth. — Curral, 
 
 /. D. H. 
 
 100. Prunella vulgaris, Mcench. — Grand Waterfall and Ri- 
 
 biera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 101. Cedronella triphylla, Mcench. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 102. Stachys hirta, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 103. S. arvensis, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 103. S. Betonica, Benth.^Uab. ? Fogel. 
 
 103. Clinopodium vulgare, L. — Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 104. Sideritis Massoniana, Benth. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 105. Teucrium abutiloides, UHer. — Curral, /. D. H. 
 
 106. Lantana aculeata. Ait. — /. D. H. 
 
 107. Antirrhinum Orontium, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 108. Sibthorpia peregrina, — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 109. Veronica acinacifolia, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 110. V. Anagallis, L. — Curral, Vogel, 
 
 111. V. arvensis, L. — Hab.? Vogel. 
 
 113. Odontites Holliana, 5ew^/i. (fruit.) — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 113. Physalis pubescens, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 114. Hyoscyamus Canariensis, Ker. — Funchal,/. D. H. 
 
 115. Vinca major ? not wild. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 116. Olea (Phillyrea, B.C.) Lowei, DC. — Maritime spots, 
 
 J. D. H. 
 
 117. Jasminum odoratissiraum, L. — Funchal, Vogel. 
 
 118. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. — Funchal, /. D. R. 
 
 119. Suseda laxifolia, Lowe. — East coast, J. D. H. 
 
 120. Ruraex Maderensis, Lowe. — Curral, Vogel. 
 131. R. Acetosella, L.— Hab. ? Vogel 
 
 133. R. aculeatus, L. — Curral and Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 123. Polygonum maritimum, L. — East coast, /. D. H. 
 
 134. Mercurialis annua, L. var. jB, (M. ambigua, L. fil.) — 
 
 Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 G 
 
82 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 125. Euphorbia Peplus, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 126. E. hypericifolia, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 127. Persea Indica, Sp)'. — Curral, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 128. Oreodaphne foetens, Nees. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 129. Apollonia Canariensis, Nees. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 130. Myrica Faya, Mr.— Mr. Veitch^s garden, /. D. H. 
 
 131. Parietaria Lusitanica, L. ? (P. Maderensis, Rchb.) — 
 
 Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 132. Ephedra alata. Dene. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 133. Peristylus cordatus, Lindl. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 134. Himantoglossum secundiflorum, Lindl. — Ribiera Frio, 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 135. Amaryllis Belladonna, L. — Road to Curral, J. D. H. 
 
 136. Ruscus Hypoglossum, L. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 137. Commelina communis, L. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 138. Juncus glaucus, Sm. — Hab.? Vogel. 
 
 139. J. filiformis, Z.— Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 140. Isolepis Saviana, Schult. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 141. Carex divulsa, Gooden. — Curral, Grand Waterfall, Ri- 
 
 biera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 142. Panicum vaginatum, Swtz. — Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 143. P. repens, i.— Funchal, J. D. H. 
 
 144. Pennisetum cenchroides. Rich. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 145. Lagurus ovatus, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 146. Cynosurus echinatus, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel, 
 
 147. C. elegans, Desf. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 148. Dactylis glomerata, L. ? — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 149. Melica ciliata, L. — Curral and Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 150. Poa megastachya, Koel. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 151. Briza minor, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 152. B. major, L. — Curral and Ribiera Frio, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 153. Aira prajcox, L. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 154. A. caryophyllea, L. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 155. Avena hirtula, Lag. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 156. Bromus maximus, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 157. Festuca bromoides, L. — Curral, Grand Waterfall and 
 
 Ribiera Frio, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 83 
 
 158. Festuca jubata, Z/Owe. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 159. Andropogon Halepensis, Sibth. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 160. A. hirtus, X.— Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 161. Polypodium vulgare, L. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 162. Gymnogramraa Lovei, Hook, and G?'ev. — Ribiera Frio, 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 163. Notholcena lanuginosa, Desv. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 164. Grammitis Ceterach, L. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 165. Adiantum renifornie, L. — Hab. ? Vogel. 
 
 166. A. Capillus Veneris.— Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 167. Pteris aquilina, L. — Curral and Ribiera Frio, Vogel, 
 
 J. D. H. 
 
 168. P. arguta, Vahl. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 169. Lomaria Spicant, Desv. — Grand Waterfall, Vogel. 
 
 170. Athyrium Filix-foemina, Rol/i. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 171. Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, L.{A..productum,'Lowe). 
 
 Curral, Vogel ; Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 172. A. monanthemum, Sm. — Ribiera Frio. Vpgel. 
 
 173. A. anceps, Soland. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 174. A. palmatum, Sivtz. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 175. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. — Funchal, Vogel, J. D. H. 
 
 176. Nephrodium moUe, Br. — Funchal, /. D. H. 
 
 177. Aspidium angulare, Sm. — Curral, Vogel. 
 
 178. A. elongatura, Swtz. — Ribiera Frio, Vogel. 
 
 179. A. falcinellum, Swtz. — Ribiera Frio and Curral, Vogel, 
 
 J. D. H. 
 
 180. Davallia Canariensis. — Ribiera Frio and Curral, /. D.H. 
 
 181. Lycopodium denticulatum, Willd. — Curral, Vogel, 
 
 J. D. H. 
 
 TENERIFFE. 
 
 The next point visited by the Niger Expedition, after 
 leaving Madeira, was the island of TenerifFe : where the 
 vessel in which Vogel had embarked remained but a few 
 hours. The same island, and the same port, Santa Cruz, 
 had been touched at by the Antarctic Expedition during the 
 previous winter. Teneriffe is always held to be classic 
 
 g2 
 
84 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 ground by the Naturalist, as the opening scene of the labours 
 of Humboldt, who there first appreciated, in their full extent, 
 the laws governing the geographical distribution of plants. 
 His life-like pictures of the natural phenomena,- observed 
 during an ascent of the famous Peak, have given to many 
 succeeding scientific travellers that impulse which has turned 
 their thoughts and steps from closet studies and the pursuit 
 of Natural History at home, and induced them to seek far 
 distant scenes, in the West, the East and the South. 
 
 The Peak itself is seldom descried : one hurried glimpse of 
 its very apex, from upwards of sixty miles' distance, was all 
 we obtained : it then appeared like a little short and broad 
 cone high in the clouds, or rather as an opaque triangular 
 spot on the firmament. It is difficult to imagine this to be 
 the " culminating point ;" that mighty mass, at whose base 
 the toil-worn traveller pauses ; who, having surmounted four- 
 fifths of the mountain, finds his heart quail at beholding a 
 " Pelion upon Ossa piled," so stern, so stony and so steep. 
 
 Much and deeply did the officers of Captain Ross^ and 
 Trotter's Expeditions deplore the necessity of hurrying 
 from this spot, most interesting to the sailor; being the 
 point for which every circumnavigator first steers, and from 
 whence, with chronometers carefully corrected at its well- 
 determined position, he takes his departure. For years, 
 too, this was the prime Meridian, distance in longitude 
 at sea having been at one period reckoned from Tenerifte, as 
 zero, by all the seafaring nations of Europe ; and by some it is 
 so still. From the days of the earliest circumnavigators, to 
 the present, the words •' we sighted the Peak of Teneriffe," 
 indicate that page in the narrative, from which all that is 
 interesting in the voyage commences. 
 
 In the History of Geology, the Canary Islands hold a 
 conspicuous position. Von Buch developed his theory of 
 craters of elevation from what he there observed : his name 
 too recalls, and most appropriately, that of his fellow-la- 
 bourer on the same shores, Christian Smith, the amiable 
 and gifted Swede, who first, after Humboldt, explored their 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 85 
 
 Botany. Christian Smith returned to Europe to embark 
 in the ill-fated Congo Expedition : when he again saw the 
 Peak of Teneriife, he welcomed it as a familiar object, and 
 bade it adieu, rejoicing that a still more novel field of inquiry 
 was opened to him, beyond this scene of his early exertions. 
 A few short months terminated his life and hopes : like Vogel, 
 he fell a victim to the dread fever of the pestilential coast of 
 Africa : like him, too, he was a martyr in the cause of Bo- 
 tanical Science. 
 
 Fraught with so many and such touching associations, no 
 naturalist-voyager can see the Fortunate Isles rising, one 
 by one, on the horizon of the mighty Atlantic, without a 
 feeling of melancholy, while he reflects on the fate of these 
 his two predecessors — both accomplished Naturalists of their 
 age and day — whose prospects and hopes were in every 
 respect as bright, perhaps brighter, than his own. 
 
 The excellent and beautiful work of Mr. Webb, on the 
 Natural History of the Canaries, leaves little to be said, 
 especially of their Botany, and renders even an enumeration 
 of the few species gathered by Vogel and the Botanist of the 
 Antarctic Expedition unnecessary ; for they were all collected 
 within a very few miles of Santa Cruz, during a very hurried 
 walk, and scarcely include a dozen kinds. This locality is 
 one of the most barren of the whole group, especially in the 
 immediate neighbourhood of the sea. The broad frontage of 
 cliff and mountain, reaching upwards for several thousand 
 feet above the town, and fore-shortened to the view from 
 seaboard, presents a progressive increase of verdure from 
 the water's edge to the mountains. At this season, when 
 the vines are out of leaf, nothing green meets the eye. 
 The trees, either standing singly or in very small clumps, 
 dot the alternate ridges and steep gullies with which the 
 slopes are everywhere cut like the edge of a saw, producing 
 that spotty effect in the landscape so admirably rendered 
 in the phytographical illustrations of Mr, Webb's work, 
 and which is eminently characteristic both of the Canaries 
 and Madeira. 
 
86 BOTANY OF THE 
 
 The Kleinia, Euphorbia and Plocama are three plants 
 which the voyager recognizes long before reaching the shore ; 
 and they are so singular, whether as regards habit, locality, 
 or botanical characters, that the opportunity of seeing them 
 in a wild state, even from the sea, must be deemed a privi- 
 lege by the Botanist. 
 
 CAPE DE VERB ISLANDS. 
 
 The voyage, from the Canaries to the Cape de Verd 
 Islands, generally presents a hiatus in the journals of those 
 sea-faring Naturalists who have followed this route. Before 
 arriving at the Canaries, landsmen have scarcely recovered from 
 the novelty of ship-board and its eflfects ; nor has there been 
 time, since leaving those islands, to become thoroughly inured 
 to the monotony of a sailing life. At first sight, the Cape 
 de Verd Islands are very disappointing. It is true that we 
 had passed from an extra-tropical latitude to far within the 
 tropics J but the change in position was not accompanied 
 with a corresponding difference, still less with luxuriance, 
 in the vegetation and scenery. Yet these apparently barren 
 islands have associations of great interest ; and their exami- 
 nation yields both pleasure and profit. They afforded us 
 the first glimpses of the fever-smitten coast of Africa, and of 
 slavery. Even here the black man, deprived of freedom, 
 and an alien to the land in which, though guiltless, he is 
 a prisoner for life, is apt to be regarded as a mere object 
 of Natural History by his Caucasian fellow-creature; who, 
 before he has time for reflection, may perhaps be excused for 
 pausing to consider, whether a being so different in features 
 and social position, be really of the same origin as himself; 
 whether, in short, the poor African is a race of the same 
 stock, or a species ajiart. 
 
 There are many other circumstances, connected with 
 these islands, which keep the mind busy while in their 
 neighbourhood. They form the western extreme of the Old 
 World, of what was the whole world to civilized man, till 
 
NIGER EXPEDITION. 87 
 
 within the last very few hundred years ; and hence, with the 
 North Cape and Cape of Good Hope, they constitute the 
 three saUent points in the geography of the eastern Atlantic. 
 In many of their physical features, they form a continuation 
 of the great Sahara desert, that mysterious blank on our maps, 
 upon whose sea of sand so many of our venturous countrymen 
 have embarked, to be heard of no more. The hitherto unex- 
 plored mountains of the Cape de Verds rise 8000 feet and 
 upwards above the sea, in serried ridges and isolated peaks ; 
 promising a rich harvest to some Botanist, who may in those 
 higher and cooler parts of the islands rely on immunity from 
 disease and a temperate climate. There he may expect to find 
 new types of plants; for the Mountain Flora of Western 
 Tropical Africa is wholly unknown ; and of its probable 
 nature even we can form no guess. To conclude, the Lin- 
 naean axiom of "semper aliquid novi ex Africa" has never 
 yet proved false. A Naturalist cannot see the shores of that 
 continent without feeling that no other spur is required to 
 exertion, in a field to which such a motto still applies with 
 so much force. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA; 
 
 OR A 
 
 CATALOGUE OF ALL THE PLANTS 
 
 AS YET DISCOVERED IN THE 
 
 CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS. 
 
 FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF 
 
 J. D, HOOKER, ESQ. M.D. R.N., DR. T. VOGEL, 
 
 AND OTHER TRAVELLERS. 
 
 BY 
 
 P. BARKER WEBB. 
 
 vaiuai Triprjy fcXura 'ClKiayoio 
 'Eff^an^ irpos yv^ruQ. 
 
 HESIOD. THEOG. 27 J. 
 
PREFACE* 
 
 The collections from which the following catalogue was 
 composed were formed in a hurried manner by diflFerent 
 Botanists while on their way to more fertile regions, during 
 the short stay made by the vessels in which they sailed, 
 at one or the other of the Cape de Verd Islands. They were 
 confided to me for publication by Dr. J. Dalton Hooker, 
 on account of the supposed affinity of the Flora of these 
 islands to that of the Canarian Archipelago. They do not 
 probably contain more than a small portion of the coast 
 vegetation, with a sprinkling of that of the neighbouring 
 hills, to the height, in general, of less than 3000 feet. The 
 mountains of the interior of the larger islands and the lofty 
 Island of Fogo, supposed to attain nearly 8000 feet, still 
 remain unvisited, and are, botanically speaking, unknown. 
 It may be added, as some palliation for possible errors 
 in this list of names, that a portion of the materials 
 were in a state which almost defied the powers of the most 
 intrepid nomenclator : those, for example, of the Sapotece, 
 from which, through his intimate knowledge of the Order, 
 M. Decaisne was enabled to elicit a new species, contained 
 
 * The Introduction to the following Florula of the Cape de Verd 
 Islands, drawn up by the author of the Florula itself, explains the 
 nature of the collections and the motives that induced us to request 
 his aid in this portion of the " Flora of the Niger Expedition." We 
 here tender our sincere thanks for the generous manner in which 
 he undertook the task, and for the extreme care he has devoted to 
 the accurate determination of the plants. Tlie ability Mr. Webb has 
 displayed, and the classical polish with which the whole is executed, 
 speak for themselves. — W. J. H. 
 
92 PREFACE. 
 
 but a single flower. Such a result, derived from so much 
 previous experience, cannot have existed in every case ; and 
 some perhaps of our new species, founded upon imperfect 
 materials, or even those assimilated to species already 
 known, may not carry with them equal authenticity. But 
 so much care has been taken in ascertaining their identity, 
 essential for botanico-geographical data, that it is hoped 
 that no grave errors have occurred. Collected, too, in 
 diflferent seasons, deficiencies of one set were occasionally 
 made up by the better state of those supplied by other tra- 
 vellers. 
 
 The most complete collections were those of Dr. J. D. 
 Hooker and the much lamented Theodore Vogel. They 
 may be said to form the groundwork of the Spicilegia : 
 though both were formed in the dry season, that of Dr. 
 Hooker in November 1839, and that of Vogel in June 
 1841. Another very interesting set, gathered by Forbes, 
 in a much better season, March and April 1822, and 
 most liberally communicated by the Horticultural Society, 
 has afforded many species in the best order. To these must 
 be added a small collection made by that accomplished 
 naturalist, Mr. Darwin, (the property of the Cambridge 
 University Museum) and generously confided for pub- 
 lication to Dr. Hooker by Professor Henslow : it has 
 added some interesting species to the catalogue. The 
 rules of the British Museum forbid the loan of the treasures 
 contained within its walls ; and it is through the collation 
 by Dr. J.^D. Hooker of the specimens of the other herbaria 
 with^that of Christian Smith, preserved in that establish- 
 ment, that 1 have been enabled to cite his plants and to 
 quote the catalogue, contained in his journal, published in 
 Captain Tuckey's Voyage to the Congo. Those of Forster 
 I have not been able to see. 
 
 The late Dr. Brunner, of Berne, on his return from Senegal, 
 visited several of the Cape de Verd Islands. The species he 
 there gathered appeared in his Ergehniss, originally published 
 in the " Flora od. Bot. Zeitung." I was obligingly furnished 
 
PREFACE. 93 
 
 by him with a nearly complete set of his plants, and by this 
 means have been enabled to cite his synonomy with certainty. 
 
 Lastly, the Professor Administrators of the Museum of 
 Natural History of Paris, confided to me, with their well- 
 known liberality, a collection, formed probably for the Por- 
 tuguese government, and brought from Lisbon in 1808 by 
 M. Geoffrey St. Hilaire. This was accompanied by no 
 written document by which the native country of the plants 
 could be ascertained ; but the identity of the very great 
 majority of the species with those of the British collections 
 from the Cape de Verd Islands, leaves no reasonable doubt of 
 its origin. The specimens are generally satisfactory, and 
 were evidently picked up at a moment when vegetation 
 was starting into life and in its most florid state. It 
 has added some highly interesting and characteristic species 
 to our list. With this collection, there was brought at the 
 same time from Lisbon, another, supposed to have come 
 from Brazil. The following circumstance, which might lead 
 us to imagine that some confusion may have taken place 
 between these two sets of plants, has been pointed out to 
 me by M. Adrien de Jussieu. The genus Asteranthos, taken 
 from the latter set by Desfontaines, belonging as it does to 
 the strange African Order of the Napoleonece beautifully 
 illustrated by the descriptions and drawings of this dis- 
 tinguished naturalist, never having since been met with in 
 America may very possibly have wandered to the Brazilian 
 set from that formed in the Cape de Verd Islands, and 
 thus be in reality, what from analogy might be supposed 
 a denizen, not of America, but of Africa. At any rate 
 it is useful to call the attention of travellers to the existence 
 of this geographical doubt, in order that it may be investi- 
 gated and cleared up. 
 
 The present catalogue, compiled from these several sources, 
 owing to the causes referred to above, contains only 250 species 
 of ferns and flowering plants. Of these 204 belong to 
 the Dicotyledonous orders, only 31 to Monocotyledones, and 
 13 to Eqmsetacece and Ferns. It is probable, however, that 
 
94 PREFACE. 
 
 the proportion of Dicotyledons to Monocotyledons cannot 
 be entirely depended upon, as it stands in this list ; but that 
 the latter should be rated somewhat higher ; because Professor 
 Parlatore, who kindly undertook to describe the grasses, 
 left several in the English collections untouched, and did 
 not inspect those contained in the Cape de Verd collec- 
 tion of the Museum of Paris. Add to this, the fugacious 
 nature of many Monocotyledonous genera renders their 
 collection by a casual visitor doubtful; whereas of many 
 Dicotyledons and Ferns some remains may be found at 
 all seasons. 
 
 Of our 250 species, upwards of 48, or nearly a fifth, 
 are either found in the Canaries or belong to decidedly 
 Canarian genera and forms : about 25, or a tenth, belong 
 to the Arabico-Nubian region : the Mediterranean series 
 is represented by about a twelfth. The remainder are 
 either common to most tropical regions, or Senegambian, or 
 belonging to the islands. It is singular that in a country 
 contiguous to the Old World, and amongst so restricted 
 a number of plants, nearly a third should turn out to be 
 species previously undescribed ; although Mr. Bentham had 
 already published two Lahiatce and three Scrophularmea from 
 the collections of Forbes and Brunner. These prefatory 
 remarks may be terminated with one word in justification of 
 our title oi Spicilegia Goryonea. It must certainly be conceded, 
 of all that lay that beyond the " Fortunate Isles" the geogra- 
 phical knowledge of the ancients was exceedingly vague. 
 Nevertheless the text of Pliny shows that they had a 
 competent notion even of the Niger, its divergence into 
 many streams or cKTroTray, as mentioned by Ptolemy, and 
 its gradual rise, like that of the Nile, after the tropical 
 rains, which is recorded by Pliny. After the Canaries, 
 Ptolemy speaks of the promontory called Gannaria or Cape 
 Blanco : near it is the island of Arguin, supposed to be 
 the Cerne of Pliny. The next promontory mentioned is 
 the Hesperian Ceras, which can hardly be any other than 
 that of Cape Verd, where the continent is most protruded 
 
PREFACE. 95 
 
 towards the west ; and the isles opposite to it will be the 
 Gorgadesj or Isles of the Gorgons. " Contra hoc promon- 
 torium Gorgades insulse narrantur, Gorgonum quondam 
 domus, bidui navigatione distantes a continente."* It is 
 right however to mention, that D'Anville places the Gorgades 
 at the Bissagos, probably too far to the south, opposite 
 to no promontory, and close to the continent. 
 
 P. B. W. 
 
 * Plin. lib. VI. c. 36. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 I. Anonace^, Juss, 
 
 1. Anona squamosa, Linn, Sp. PI. p. 757. Dun. Monogr.p. 69. 
 DC. Sijst. \.p. 472. Prodr. \. p. 85. Brunn. Ergehn.p. 15, 
 — Ic. Rumph. Amh. 1. t. 46. Sloane, H'cst. Jam. t. 221. 
 Rheed. Mai. 3. t. 29. Jacq. 0^5. ^. 6./. 1. 
 
 FIab. Arbor 20-pedalis, quae in ins. S. Jacobi, sylvis ut 
 pluriraum destituta, nemora ad summitatem collium vallis 
 S. Dominici efficit. (/. Dalton Hooker, n, 131. November, 
 1839. sp. fructifera.) 
 
 2. Anona Senegalensis, Pers. Syn. 2. p. 95. Guill. et Perr. 
 Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 5. Brunn. Ergebn. p. 14. — Ic. Deless. /<?, 
 Sel. 1. t. 86. 
 
 Hab. In vallibus S. Dominici et Organorum ins. S. Jacobi 
 {Brunn. 1. c.) Anona trijjetalte, Linn, in catalogo Smithiano 
 (Tuck. voy. p. 250) enumerates nulla extant in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, specimina (/. Dalton Hooker, in litt.) 
 
 II. Menisperme^, Juss. 
 
 3. Cocculus Leaba, DC. Syst. 1. p. 250. Richard, in Tent. 
 Fl. Sen. I. p. 13. Leeeba, Forsk. Fl. Ailg.-Arab. p. 108 (ex 
 specimine Forsteriano Mus. Brit, et scheda sua inscripta 
 St. Jago, Cape de Verd (nee maris Australis ut CandoUeus 
 credebat.) {J. Dalton Hooker, in litt.) Menispermum 
 Leeeba, Del. Fl. d'Eg. descr. des pi. p. 140. Menispermum 
 ellipticum, Poir. Supjil. p. 657. Cocculus Epibaterium, 
 DC. Syst. p. 530, et Cocculus ellipticus, ejusd. ibid. p. 526. 
 Smilacina anomala, genus forte novum, Chr. Smith, /. c. p. 
 
 H 
 
98 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 249 ! (/. Dalton Hook, in litt.) — Ic. Forst. /. c. t. 54. 
 
 Delile, FL d'Ey. t. 51./ 2 et 3. 
 
 The discovery, made by Dr. J. D. Hooker, of the identity 
 of tlie Leceba of Forskal with the Epibate7'ium of Forster, 
 has cleared up an error which might have long remained a 
 blot on science. Though evidently the same species as the 
 Egyptian, our plant is smoother, the young shoots alone 
 being pubescent. The name Leceba was published a year 
 previous to that of Forster : we may therefore retain it in 
 preference to pendidus., by which no species of the genus 
 can be distinguished from another, they being all climbers 
 and pendulous. 
 
 III. PAPAVERACEiE, JuSS. 
 
 4. Argemone Mexicana-, Linn, Sp. PL p. 727. Chr. Smith, 
 in Tuck. voy. p. 250 ! (/. Dalton Hook, in litt.) — a. floribus 
 luteis, stylo subnullo. — Ic. Bauh. Prodr. t. 92. Curt. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 243. Wight, III. Ind. bot. 1. /. 11.— yS. floribus 
 pallide luteolis, stylo brevi. A. ochroleuca, Sweet, Brit. flow. 
 Gard.—lc. Sweet, I. c. t. 242. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1343. 
 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypio satis et ad apicem usque Montis 
 Verdo ins. S. Nicolai, necnon in sinu Tarrafal sive Tama- 
 ricum ins. S. Antonii {Forbes, n. 27, 11, et 7, April, 1822). 
 In arena maris ins. S. Jacobi {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 135. 
 November 1839). In maritimis ins. S. Antonii copiosa, 
 (7%. Vogel, n. 43. Junio 1841.) 
 
 5. Papaver Rhoeas, Linn. Sp, PI. p. 726. — Ic. Engl. bot. t. 
 645. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Paris.) 
 
 6. Papaver, sp. nov. ? P. orientali affin. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 This specimen of Poppy is in a very imperfect state, so 
 that we are unable to describe or refer it to any known 
 species. The flower-stalks, somewhat hispid with erect ap- 
 pressed hairs, arise at once from the root, and are naked and 
 nionanthous. What remains of the leaves shows them to 
 have been very hispid and like those of P. Rhoeas on a large 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 99 
 
 scale. The summit of the peduncle has the annular swelluig 
 large and papillated with the scars of the stamens. The 
 capsule measures about six lines in length, and three in 
 breadth : it is cylindraceo-turbinated, nearly glabrous, trans- 
 versely torulose, and divided longitudinally into eight or nine 
 ribs, which are themselves striated lengthways on the back. 
 
 IV. Crucifer^e, Juss. 
 
 7. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 4. p. 110. 
 Sisymbrium Nasturtium, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 916. — Ic. En(/L 
 Bot. t. 855. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith herb. ! fid. /. D. Hooker 
 in litt.) In montibus ins. S. Vincentii, ad alt. 1500 ped. 
 {Th. Voffel, n. 33. Junio 1841 : specimina macilenta.) 
 
 8. Sinapis nigra, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 933. Engl. Bot. t. 969. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith! in herb. Mus. Brit. fid. 
 
 /. D. Hooker in litt.) In eadem ins. ad apicem montis 
 cujusdam vallis S. Dominici {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 139. 
 November 1839. spec, florida.) In eadem ins. (C. Darwin, 
 spec, sine flore et fructu.) 
 
 9. Sinapidendron (Podocarpica, Webb,) gracile, Webb ; ramis 
 elongatis lignosis gracihbus albidis, foliis ovato- vel spathu- 
 lato-lanceolatis tenuibus glabris margine sparse vel obso- 
 lete grosse dentatis denticulis muticis vel spinuloso-api- 
 culatis, spicis ad apicem ramorum elongatis gracillimis, 
 pedicellis filiformibus, calycis foliolis apice pilosis, petalis 
 longe unguiculatis, ovario gynophoro setaceo-filiformi duplo 
 longiore, stylo brevi, stigmate capitato subdiscoideo, sihqua 
 lineari, valvis tenuibus glabris subtrinerviis podocarpio 
 gracili insidentibus, seminibus 1-seriatis pendulis testa 
 (immersa) mucilaginosa, cotyledonibus incumbentibus con- 
 duplicatis.— Ic. (Tab. I.) Hook. Ic. PI. t. 751. 
 
 Hab. In vallibusins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, n. 30, die 29 Martii, 
 1822, spec, florida et fructifera) et in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. 
 {Mus. reg. Par. !) 
 
 Tab. I. Fig. 1. flower;/. 2. petal;/. 3. ovarium; /. 1. siliqua; 
 
 H 2 
 
00 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 /. 5. seed 5 /. 6. embryo; /. 7. transverse section of the 
 same ; — all magnified. 
 
 10. Sinapidendron Vogelii, Webb ; ramis crassis nodosis, 
 foliis rotundatis ovatisque crassis subtus nervosis pilis 
 brevibus strigoso-hirtis raargine dentatis vel demum 
 crenato-dentatis, basi integris cuneatis petiolatis, spicis 
 basi hirsutis, calyce subsaccato strigoso, petalis amplis 
 flavis aurantiaco-maculatis ? in unguem attenuatis, ovario 
 lato gynophoro tenui triple longiore, stigmate capitato 
 subsessili, siiiqua . . . . — Ic. (Tab. II.) Hook. Ic. Plant, 
 t. 752. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii, {Vogel, n. 32. Junio 1841, spec, 
 florida.) Scientise martyris manibus banc plantara dicatarn 
 voluimus. 
 
 The region to which the genus Sinapidendron belongs we 
 have elsewhere called Macaronesian. The two Sinapidendrons 
 of the Cape de Verd islands differ from the Madeira and 
 Canarian species in having a long slender support to the 
 ovary, and fruit analogous to that of the Capparideee. No 
 other characters, however, of any value, present themselves, 
 so as to authorize their separation as a genus. 
 Tab. II. Fig. 1. flower; f. 2. petal; /. 3. stamen; /. 4. siii- 
 qua : magnified. 
 
 11. K.omg2i intermedia, Webb; Lobularia intermedia, e/w^c?. 
 Phyt. Can. \. p. 92. — Ic. Hook. Loud. Journ. of Bot. v. 5. 
 i. 6. ubi in errorera inscripti Koniga Brunonis. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus aridis ins. S. Niculai (Forbes, die 27 
 Martii, spec, florida et fruct. !) In montosis ins. S. Vin- 
 centii [Th. Vogel, n. 70. Juni 1841, spec, fructifera.) Hujus 
 plantcE in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. [Mus. reg. Par.) specimina 
 extant procera : an sp. diversa ? 
 
 The specimens from the Island of St. Nicholas do not 
 appear essentially distinct from what we formerly gathered 
 in Tenerifte. Those from St. Vincent are very dwarfish, and 
 have small regularly spathulate and very hairy leaves ; dif- 
 ferences which may perhaps be caused by the season in 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 101 
 
 which they were collected. It occurs in the Cape de Verd 
 herbarium of the Paris Museum, with much broader leaves 
 and larger flowering stems ; but I cannot venture to separate 
 these specimens from the plant described in the " Phyto- 
 graphia Canariensis ;" for, in a genus where the species vary 
 so exceedingly, and at the same time are so alike, it is only 
 by the observation of the living plant under cultivation that 
 such doubts can be effectually removed. 
 
 V. RESEDACEiE, DC. 
 
 12. Caylusea canescens, St. Hil. 2eme mem. sur les Resedacees 
 
 (Montpell. 1837) p. 29. Reseda canescens, Linn. Syst. 
 
 Veg. ed. 12. (1767) p. 33, non ejusd. Sp. PL ed. 1. (1753) 
 
 p. 448. nee ed. 2. (1764) j9. 644. Vahl, Sijmb. 2. p. 52. Willd. 
 
 Sp. PI. 2. p. 817. excl. patria et prater Forsk. syn. omnibus. 
 
 Lamrk. encycl. 6. p. 158. excl. patria Salmantica et syn. 
 
 omnibus prater Vahl et Forsk. ! Reseda Mediterranea, Linn. 
 
 Mant. p. 564 ex herb. ! Reseda hexagyna, Forsk. PI. JEg. 
 
 p. 92. Reseda podocarpos, Viv. PI. ^g. dec. p. 7. — Ic. 
 
 Viv. I. c. t. 2.f. 3. 
 Hab. In aridis ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 165. 
 
 November 1839, sp. florida et fruct.) 
 
 The above composes the very intricate synonymy of this 
 curious plant. The name canescens was originally given by 
 Linnoeus to a species of Reseda, mentioned by Clusius, 
 belonging to the actual genus Astrocarpus. This species has 
 been admirably elucidated by M. Gay in the " Archives de 
 la Flore de la France et d'Allemagne" of Schultz, 1842, 
 p. 35, and named A. Clusii, which includes both the original 
 Reseda canescens, L., and the R. purpwasceiis, ejusd. A few 
 years afterwards, in the " Systema Naturae," Linnaeus, pro- 
 bably from forgetfulness, without advertising his readers or 
 informing them from whom he had received it, substituted 
 for his original R. canescens, and under the same name, a 
 totally diff"erent plant, sent to him probably from Palestine 
 or Egypt. This plant was our present species. Hence has 
 arisen the greatest confusion, most of the authors who 
 
102 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 followed liim confounding the two indiscriminately. Vahl 
 was the first to doubt whether the R. canescens of the Syst. 
 PI., which he recognized as the R. hexagyna of Forskahl, was 
 not distinct from the plant called by the same name in the 
 two editions of the Species Plantarum. M. de Tristan 
 (Mem. du Mus. 18, p. 395) pointed out the peculiar nature 
 of the fruit of this species; andM. de St. Hilaire, having still 
 further investigated its structure, raised it to the rank of a 
 genus, without however unravelling its synonyms. 
 
 The R. Mediteri'anea of Linnaeus, Mant., another very 
 doubtful species, must, I consider, likewise merge in this. 
 The specimen preserved under that name in the Linnean 
 herbarium, I found, on examination, to be certainly a Cay- 
 lusea, and I believe a cultivated specimen of C. canescens, 
 St. Hilaire. M. Gay, however, for whom I inspected it, 
 and who has since seen it himself, thinks that it may pos- 
 sibly be a fragment of Caylusea Abyssinica {R. Abyssinica, 
 Fresen. Museum Senck. 2. p. 106) distributed by the 
 Esslingen un. itin. in the Abyssinian collection of Schimper 
 under the No. 103. 
 
 VI. Capparide^. 
 
 13. Gynandropsis triphylla, DC. Prodr. 1. 238. Cleome 
 triphylla, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 498. — Ic. Herm. Lugd. p. 505. 
 Descourtilz, Fl. des Ant. t. 44. 
 
 Hab. Circa Porto Praya ins. S. Jacobi, {Hooker fit. n. 196. 
 November, 1839). Planta est annua circa tropicos sparsa 
 quee Fortunatas non attingit. 
 
 VII. ClSTINE^. 
 
 14. Helianthemum Gorgoneum, Webb ; canle fruticoso, ramis 
 pilis floccosis asperatis albidis, foliis latis ovatis lan- 
 ceolato-ovatisque acutis pannosis subenerviis cinereo- 
 pubescentibus petiolatis, stipulis ianceolato-linearibus in- 
 conspicuis caducissimis petiolo duplo triplove brevioribus, 
 calycibus floccoso-tomentosis, foholis latis rhomboideo- 
 ovatis subacutis dcmum obtusissimis crassis coriaceis, 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 103 
 
 nervis obsoletis 3-5 costato-nervosis, petalis aurantiacis 
 basi purpurascentibus, staminibus ovarium globosum vil- 
 losum vix excedentibus, filamentis crassis purpureis, stylo 
 elongato, capsula rotunda pubescente. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 A£&ne est H. Canariensi sed omnibus partibus major fortior- 
 que, stipulse crassiores, breviores, foliola calycina latiora 
 apice baud contorsa, crassa, aurantiaca, oculo purpureo 
 nee luteo, stamina crassiora ovario vix longiora nee pis- 
 tillum integrum subsequantia, capsulee valvis late ovatis 
 nee ellipticis. Cum tot sint et tales diflferentioe stirpes, 
 ut probabile est, diversas, confundere voluimus. Generis 
 zonam temperatam incolentis species est ultima versus 
 eequatorem protensa. 
 
 VIII, POLYGALEJE, 
 
 15. Polygala erioptera, DC. Prodr. 1. p. 326. Guill. et Perott. 
 Flor. Sen. Tent. p. 38. — Ic. Deless. Ic. select, t. 15. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Antonii {Vogely n. 50. Junio, 1841) in 
 ins. S. Vincentii locis saxosis et arenosis {Vogel, n. 58, 
 Junio, 1841) in planitie circa Porto Praya ins. S. Jacobi 
 {J. D. Hooker, n. 134. November, 1841). 
 
 An hue referenda P. obtusata, Brunner, circa Porto Praya 
 observata ex speciminibus quae sub oculis habemus in 
 eodem loco a cl. Hookero fil. lectis ? Plantse sunt ambce 
 Senegalenses atque ^gyptiaco-arabicee nondura in Fortu- 
 natis lectse. 
 
 16. Polygala micrantha, Guill. et Perr. 1 Fl, Sen. Tent. p. 39. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mns. reg. Par.) specimen 
 
 unicum cujus flores aliquantulum majores quam in planta 
 Senegalensi, capsula ovata, semina tota villosa elongato- 
 oliveeformia. 
 
 IX. FRANKENIACEiE. 
 
 17. Frankenia ericifolia, Chr. Smith in Buck, Beschr. der 
 Can. Ins. p. 154, DC. Prodr. 1. p. 350. Phijt. Can. 1. 
 
104 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 p. 132. Brunn. Ergebn. p. 73, excl sy. Desf.-~\c. Phyt. 
 Can. t. 45 et t. 17. 
 Hab. Ad Salinas ins. Sal {Forbes, n. 1. die 26 Martii, 1822) 
 in clivis maritimis arenosis ins. S. Vincentii (Vogel, n. 8). 
 In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 X. CaRYOPHYLLEuE. 
 
 18. MoUugo bellidifolia, Ser. in DC. Prodr. I. p. 391. Phar- 
 naceum spathulatum, Swartz, Fl. Ind. occ. 1. p. 568. Phar- 
 naceum bellidifolium, Poll'. Encycl. 5. p. 262. — Ic. Plum. 
 PI. Amer. t.2l.f.l. 
 
 Hab. Occurrit hcec planta in apricis aridis circa Porto Praya 
 ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 163. November, 1839). 
 Planta est circa tropicos sparsa quee et in Nubia obvia, 
 {Kotschy, n. 119. die 3 Octobr. 1839). 
 
 19. Polycarpia nivea. Nob. Achyranthes nivea, Ho7't. Kew. 
 ed. 1. 1.^. 286. ed. 2. 2. p. 57. Polycarpia Candida, TFebb, 
 Phyt. Can. 1. p. 138. Helichrysum? an Phagnalon? Brunn. 
 Ergebn. p. 77. Polycarpia glauca, Chr. Smith, Tuck. p. 250. 
 {Hook. fit. in litt.) Polycarpia candidissima, Bert. Miscell. 
 111.— Ic. Phyt. Can. t. 21. Bert. /. c. t.l.f. 1. 
 
 Hab. Valde vegeta crescit in arenis ins. S. Antonii {Th. 
 
 Vogel, n. 2) occurrit quoque ad dimidium Monte Verede, 
 
 ins. -S. Vincentii sed minor {Th. Vogel, n. 54, Junio, 1841.) 
 
 In ins. Sal {Brunner in herb, nostro). 
 
 The Cape de Verd specimens of this plant are much 
 stronger than those of the Canaries, and the flowers are some- 
 what larger ; but during a careful examination as well of the 
 flowers as of the fruit, no really distinctive characters what- 
 ever presented themselves. The specimen of Illecebrum 
 gnaphalodes, sent to Desfontaines by Schousboe himself, is 
 in a different state of vegetation, and offering besides some 
 distinction in the forms of the floral teguments, it requires 
 to be seen in other stages before its real position can be 
 decided. 
 
 20. Polycarpia Gayi, Webb. 
 
 a. helichrysoides ; fruticosa, ramis fuscis nodosissimis, inter- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 105 
 
 mediis brevibus, ramulis tomentosis albis, foliis oppositis 
 vel verticillato-aggregatis rotundato- vel ovato-spathu- 
 latis subobtusis crassis tomento brevi molli albo undi- 
 que tomentosis subsericeis basi petiolatis, stipulis liberis 
 minutissimis lanceolatis acutis, floribus ovato-cylindra- 
 ceis, laciniis calycinis subtomentosis late scariosis margine 
 ciiiato-laceris, petalis lanceolatis acutis erosis, staminibus 
 cura petalis et urceoli parapetaloidei lobis crenulatis alter- 
 nantibus, ovario longius stipitato, stylo brevi, stigmate 
 2-lobo. 
 Hab. In ins. Sal petrosis Brunner (n. 172). In herb. ins. 
 
 Cap. Vir. [Mus. reg. Par.) 
 |3. halimoides ; sufFrutex, ramis elongatis cortice papyraceo 
 fusco lacero tectis, junioribus sordide cinereo-pubescen- 
 tibus vix nodosis, internodiis distantibus, foliis spathulato- 
 lanceolatis oppositis vel verticillato-aggregatis obsolete 
 undulatis tomento brevissimo albido argentatis basi in 
 petiolum brevem crassum attenuatis liberis, stipulis liberis 
 minimis late scariosis caducis, cymis confertis, floribus 
 cylindraceis, laciniis calycinis late scariosis, petalis oblongo- 
 lanceolatis obtusis, staminibus cum petalis et urceoli 
 parapetaloidei lobis emarginatis alternantibus, ovario de- 
 presso ovato-3-angulari breviter stipulato, stylo brevi, 
 stigmate orbiculari capitate. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 y. lycioides ; sufFrutex, ramis rectis duris divergentibus, 
 ramulis pubescentibus, internodiis brevibus, foliis oppo- 
 sitis vel verticillato-aggregatis lanceolatis in petiolum 
 brevem attenuatis pube stellata puberulis mox glabres- 
 centibus ciliatis, stipulis minimis scariosis, cymulis crassis 
 depressis pubescentibus, laciniis calycinis lanceolatis exte- 
 rioribus papposo-scariosis, petalis ovato-lanceolatis acutius- 
 culis, staminibus cum petalis et urceoli parapetaloidei 
 lobis rotundatis alternantibus, stylo brevi, stigmate amplo 
 capitato. 
 II AB. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 We had origiually considered as species these three very 
 
106 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 distinct forms ; but our indefatigable friend, M. J. Gay, who 
 is preparing with his well-known accuracy a most interesting 
 monograph of the group, informs us, that after a laborious 
 and minute examination of the flowers, which occupied eight 
 days, he has been led to reduce them to simple variaties 
 of a common species, which, though intimately allied to 
 Polycarpia nivea, nob., differs essentially from that plant. 
 21. Paronychia illecebroides, Webb; caule prostrato ramo- 
 sissimo, ramis filiformibus pubescentibus, stipulis foliis 
 lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus acutis puberulis dimidio 
 brevioribus, bracteis flore brevioribus, calycibus brevis- 
 sime mucronulatis, mucrone recto vel inflexo. — Herniaria 
 illecebroides, Chr. Smith, in Tuck. voy. p. 250 / ex herb. 
 Mus. Brit. {J. D. Hooker, in litt.) — Ic. (Tab. VII.) 
 Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 756. 
 Had. Communis est in insulis Gorgoneis. In sinu Tarrafal 
 sive Tamaricumms. S. Antotiii {Forbes, n. 24. die 2 Aprilis, 
 1822, spec, florida). In ins. S. Jacobi, vulgaris (/. Dalton 
 Hooker, n. 112. November, 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) In 
 ins. S. Vincentii ab alt. 500 ped. usque ad cacumen Montis 
 Verede {Th. Vogel, n. 25, Junio, 1841, spec, deusta.) 
 Radix lignosa ; ramis filiformibus prostratis ; stipulis hyalinis, 
 oblongis, ciliatis, apice setaceis, folio duplo triplove bre- 
 vioribus. Folia oblongo-linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, 
 angusta, brevissime petiolata, acuta, pubescentia. Flores 
 omnes axillares ; bracteis hyalinis, ovatis, calyce breviori- 
 bus. Calyx cylindraceus, hirsutus, foliolis oblongis angustis 
 costato-trinerviis brevissime mucronulatis, mucrone cras- 
 siusculo inflexo, margine vix scariosis. Ovarium globu- 
 losum, hirtum. Capsida exigua, ovato-rotundata. Semen 
 glabrura. Embryo vermicularis, hemicyclica. 
 Affinis est heec species P. polygonifolia, DC, a qua plurimis 
 notis differt, stipularum sciUcet et bractearum quoad folia 
 et flores longitudine, calycis forma et mucrone. A 
 P. argentea, Lamck. cui flores ut plurimum capitati longius 
 quoque recedit. 
 Tab. VII. Fig. 1. flower, included within the bracteie ; 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 107 
 
 f. 2. bractea ; /. 3. flower removed ; /. 4. same cut open ; 
 /. 5 . ovarium j /. 6. seed ; /. 7. embryo \ — all magnified^ 
 
 XI. SlLENE^. 
 
 22. Silene Gallica, Linn. Sp. PL p. 595. Silene Anglica e/ 
 Lusitanica, ejusd. ibid. — Ic. Engl, bot. t, 1178. 
 
 Hab. Specimina valde vegeta hujus plantee extant in herb, 
 ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par) 
 
 XII. Malvace^, Juss. 
 
 23. Gossypium nigrum. Ham. var. punctatum. Gossypium 
 punctatum, Ghiill. et Perr. .' FL Sen. Tent. p. 62. Brunner 
 Ergebn. p. 75. — Ic. nulla ex toto varietatem nostram ex- 
 primit: folia habet fere G. micranthi, Cavan. Diss. 6. t. 193. 
 sed valde tomentosa, involucrum autem et florem G. Pe- 
 ruviani, ej. ib. t. 168. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith ! in herb. Mus. Brit, 
 /. Z>. Hooker, in litt.) Ad sinum Tarrafal sive Tamaricum 
 ins. S. Antonii {Forbes, n. 12. die 2 April, 1822, spec, 
 flor. et fruct.) In eadem ins. ^S^. Antonii et in Monte 
 Verede ins. S. Vincentii {Th. Vogel, n. 55 et 5. Junio, 
 1841, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 24. Malva spicata, Linn. Sp. PL p. 967. Cav. Diss. 2. p. 80. 
 Malva ovata, ejusd. ibid. p. 81. — Ic. Cav. L c. t. 20. f. 2 
 et4. 
 
 In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith ! in herb. Mus. Brit. /. Dalton 
 Hooker in litt.) In valle S. Dominici et in planitie oppidi 
 ejusd. ins. {J. D. Hooker, n. 185 et 187. November, 1839, 
 spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 25. Sida spinosa, Linn. Sp. PL p. 960. DC. Prodr. \.p. 460. 
 — Ic. Pluk. Phytogr. t. 9./. 6. 
 
 /3. Foliis ovato-subrotundis. — Sida alba, Linn. L c. DC. 
 
 L c. GuilL et Perr. FL Sen. Tent. p. 74. Wight et Am. FL 
 
 Pen. Ind. or. p. 58. Sida repens, Chr. Smith, in Tuck. voy. 
 
 p. 250 ! (Herb. Mus. Brit. fid. /. D. Hooker, in litt.) 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith) ibid. (/. D. Hooker, 
 
 n. 189. et /8. n. 194. November, 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
108 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 26. Sida stipulata, Cav. Diss. 1. p. 22. DC. Prodr. \. p. 460. 
 — Ic. Cav. I. c. t.S.f. 10. 
 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypio consitis ad sinum Tarrafal ins. 
 <S. Antonii {Forbes, n. 11. die 2 Aprilis, 1822, spec. fl. et 
 fruct.) In valle /S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, {J. D. Hooker^ 
 n. 190. November, 1839, spec. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 27. Sida rhombifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 961. Cav. Diss. 1. p, 23. 
 
 DC. Prodr. \. p. 462. Webb, Phyt. Can. 1. p. 36. Sida 
 
 canescens, Cav. I. c. p. 23. Sida Canariensis, Willd. Sp. 
 
 PL 3. p. 755. DC. Prodr. 1. p. 462.— Ic. Cav. /. c. t. 3. 
 
 /. 12 ett. 8./. 3. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 186. November, 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) In ins. 
 S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 37. die 17 Junii, 1841, spec. flor. 
 et fruct.) 
 
 28. Sida cordifolia, Linn. Sp. PL p. 961. DC. Prodr. 1. 
 p. 464. Wight et Am. FL Pen. Ind. or. 1. p. 58. Sida 
 herbacea, Cav. Diss. 1. p. 19. DC. Prodr. I. p. 463. Sida 
 rotundifolia, Cav. ibid. p. 20. DC. ibid. p. 464. Sida altheei- 
 folia, Swartz, Prodr. p. 101, atque auct. omnium. Sida 
 Africana, PaL de Beauv. FL d'Oiv. 2. p. 87. — Ic. Cav. L c. 
 t. 3./. 2. t. 13./. 1. t. 194./. 2. PaL de Beauv. L c. t. IIQ. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi vulgaris, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 184, 
 197 et 198, November 1839, sp. flor. et fruct.) In eadem 
 ins. {Darwin) et cop. in herb. ins. Cap. Virid. {Mus. reg. 
 Par.) 
 
 29. Sida urens, Linn. >S^. PL p. 963. DC. Prodr. 1. p. 465. 
 Guill. et Perr. FL Sen. Tent. p. 73. Sida micans, Chr. Smith, 
 in Tuck. Journ. 250! (/. D. Hook, in litt.) — Ic. Cav. Diss. 
 l.t.2.f. 7. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 188. November 
 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) et in herb. ins. Cap. Virid. {Mus. 
 reg. Par.) 
 
 30. Abutilon jt?enj9Zoc<p/b/mm, G. Don, Wight et Am. Pr. FL 
 Pen. Ind. Or. Sida periplocsefolia, Sp. PL p. 962. DC. 
 Prodr. 1. p. 467.— Ic. Pluk. PhyL t. 74. /. 7. Dill. Hort. 
 Elth. t, 3./. 2. Cav. Diss. 1. t. 5./. 2. mala. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 109 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. Dalton Hooker,) n. 192. November 
 1839.) In eadem ins. {Darwin) et in herb. ins. Cap. Virid. 
 {Mas. reff. Par.) 
 31. Abutilon glaucum, Webb ; Sida Asiatica, Cav. Diss. 1. 
 p. 31. quoad plantam Senegalensem et t. 7.f, 2. non ejusd. 
 Diss. 5. t. 128. /. 1. Guill. et Perr. ! Fl Sen. Tent. p. 67. non 
 Linn. Sida glauca, Cav. Ic. 1. p. 8. t. 11. Sida mutica, 
 Del.! III. Fl. Eg. Voy. de Caill. p. 60. n. 45. Brunn. 
 Ergebn. p. 113. Sida polycarpa, Chr. Smith, I. c. p. 250. 
 (/. D. Hooker, in litt.) 
 Hab. In ins. Sal. {Brunner !) In ins. S. Jacobi rarior, (/. 
 Dalton Hooker, n. 196. November 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 Ad dimidium montis Verede ins. S. Vincentii, et in ins. 
 S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, n. 85 et 30, spec. fl. et fr.) 
 Brunner was perfectly right in considering this to be the 
 true Sida mutica of Delile. A specimen from Senegal, iden- 
 tical with the S. Asiatica of the Flor. Sen. Tent, and with 
 the Cape de Verd plant, is so named in the herbarium of 
 Desfontaines by that distinguished botanist himself. It 
 is likewise the plant sent by Despreaux from the Canaries ; 
 and which we named Abutilon Indicum in the Ann. des Sc. 
 nat. (2eme ser. 13. p. 132), the specimens being without 
 flower or fruit; because the authors of the Pr. Flor. Pen. Ind. 
 Or. seem to consider the A. Indicum hardly distinct from the 
 A. Asiaticum, of which Dr. Wight has given a good figure in 
 his Icones. The carpels in the Indian plants are however acute, 
 whereas in ours they are rounded at the apex. Hence the 
 excellent name of Delile, which, however, must give place 
 to the earlier appellation of his predecessor, Cavanilles. The 
 confusion which has arisen in the species is OM'ing entirely 
 to the latter author, who originally confounded Adanson's 
 specimen from Senegal, in the Jussieean herbarium, with the 
 Indian plant of Plukenet and Linneeus ; and thus De Candolle 
 and the authors of the Fl. Sen. Tent, were led astray. 
 Besides the form of the carpels in the Indian plant, which is 
 distinctly marked in the figure of Plukenet and by Cavanilles 
 himself, Diss. 5. t. 128. f, I. e et/, the seeds of this species 
 
110 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 are smooth, with a few hairs about the hilum ; whereas in the 
 Cape de Verd and Egyptian plant they are entirely covered 
 with hair. After having merged the present plant in his Sida 
 Asiatica, Cavanilles cultivated it from Senegalese seeds, and 
 reproduced it under the name of Sida glauca, thereby adding 
 to the confusion ; though this name must necessarily be 
 adopted by us. It is not only a question of nomenclature, 
 but important geographically; as we thus obtain a purely 
 African species in the place of an Asiatic plant, reappearing 
 somewhat unaccountably in Egypt, the Canaries, the Cape 
 de Verds, and Senegal. 
 
 32. Adansonia digitata, Linn. Sp. PL ed. 1. app. p. 1190. 
 Adans. Mem. de VAcad. Roy. des Sc. 1761. p. 218. Chr. 
 Smith in Tuck. voy. p. 249 ! (fid. /. D. Hooker^ in litt.) 
 Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 76.— Ic. Prosp. Alj). PL 
 Mg. t. 67. Adans. /. c. t. 6 et 7. Cav. Diss. 5. /. 157. 
 Gaertn. 2. t. 135. Lamck. III. t. 588. Juss. Fl. des Ant. 3. 
 t. 33 et 34. 
 
 Had. Prope Portum Praya, ins. S. Jacobi, arbor unica. {J. 
 Dalton Hooker^ n. 141. November 1839, spec, floridum.) 
 
 XIII. Byttneriace^j R. Br. 
 
 33. Waltheria /w</ic«, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 941. Waltheria Ame- 
 ricana, ejusd. ibid. Waltheria microphylla, Cav. Diss. 6. 
 p. 317. Waltheria elliptica, Cav. I. c. Phyt. Can. 1. p. 41. 
 — Ic. Cav. I. c. t. 170./. 2. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi [C. Darivin.) 
 
 The figure of Cavanilles, cited above, comes nearest the 
 specimen collected by Mr. Darwin. For the numerous 
 forms and synonyms of this polymorphous plant see Wight 
 and Am. Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. p. 67 ; to which may be 
 added Waltheria arborescens^ Cav. /. c. t. 170./. 1. 
 
 XIV. TiLiACE.^, Juss. 
 
 34. Melhania Lepriewii, Webb ; Brotera Leprieurii, Guillem. 
 et Perr. FL Sen. Tent. p. 85.— Ic. (Tabs. IV. V.) Hook. 
 Ic. Plant, t. 753 et 755. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. Ill 
 
 Had. In planitie aprica circa Portum Praya, ins. S. Jacobi, 
 {J. Dalton Hooker; n. 195. Novembre 1835, sp. florida et 
 fructifera.) In eadem ins. {Danvm, n. 301) ,• vidi quoque 
 speciraina plura in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. (Mus. reg. Par.) 
 Obs. The authors of the Fl. Pen. Ind. Or., in their 
 remarks on Melhania incana, Heyne, observe that it ex- 
 ceedingly resembles the figure of Brotera ovata, Cav., said to 
 have distinct styles. This, indeed, is the only character 
 which separates Melhania and Brotera. A careful examina- 
 tion, however, of the species which constitute this latter 
 genus, has proved to me that no such character in reality 
 exists, and that it must therefore merge in Melhania, In 
 the Brotera ovata^ formerly cultivated by Desfontaines in the 
 Paris Garden, probably from seeds sent by Cavanilles him- 
 self, and preserved in his herbarium, as well as in the 
 B. Lepriemni and B. bracteosa of the Fl. Sen. Tent, in the 
 Delesserian herbarium, I have found a very distinct style, 
 not so conspicuous as in the species formerly placed under 
 Dombeya, equally so, however, with those of the group of 
 true Melhanias, to which M. ovata and M. Leprieurii belong, 
 M. bracteosa will form another group with M. Kotschyi, 
 Koch. The error of Cavanilles and of the authors of the 
 Fl. Sen. Tent, arose from the shortness of the style, and 
 from its being frequently masked at a certain age by the 
 ascendant hairs of the ovary; so that its divisions seem 
 to be separate to their base, and to be seated directly 
 on that body, though they are really connected below, and 
 form a single column, as visible as in many of the neigh- 
 bouring genera. The species of this genus are still exceed- 
 ingly puzzling ; and it is not impossible but that the M. 
 Leprieurii may hardly be distinct from the M. velutina, 
 Forsk., or the M. iticana, Heyne : it seems, too, to bear 
 a remarkable resemblance to Melhania ovata. But I have 
 not sufficient data by which to determine their identity 
 or their difference. From a herbaceous plant, as it appears 
 at first, M. Leprieurii becomes in time a low woody shrub. 
 
112 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Tab. IV. Fig. 1. unexpanded flower;/. 2. ditto with the 
 
 sepals expanded. 
 Tab. V. Fig. 1. petal;/. 2. portion of starainal column; 
 
 f. 3. ovarium ; /. 4. transverse section of ditto ; f.-'o. ovule; 
 
 /. 6. ripe fruit;/. 7. transverse, and/. 8. longitudinal 
 
 section of ditto ; / 9. fruit burst open ; /. 10. seed ; /. 11. 
 
 vertical section of ditto ; /. 12 and 13. embryo : all more 
 
 or less magnified. 
 
 35. Corchorus trilocularis, Linn. Mant. p. 77. Chr, Smith, 
 Journ. in Tuck. voy. p. 251. DC. Prodr. 1. p. 504. Guill. 
 et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 88. Wight et Am. Prodr. Fl. Pen. 
 Ind.p. 72. — Ic. Jacq. Hart. Vind. t. 173. 
 
 Hab. In valle umbrosa ad orientem Portus Praya, ins. S. 
 Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker^ n. 168. November 1839, sp. 
 fl. et fruct.) Chr. Smith places this species in his list 
 amongst the " Plantee boreali-Africanse quae simul Cana- 
 rienses ;" but it has never, that 1 know of, been found in 
 those islands. 
 
 36. Corchorus olitorius, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 746. DC. Prodr. 1. 
 p. 504. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 87. Wight et Arn. 
 Fl. Pen. Ind. Prodr. p. 73. — Ic. Gaertn. t. 64. Lamck. ///. 
 t. 478. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, rarius, (/. Dalton 
 Hooker, n. 156. Nov. 1839, sp. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 37. Corchorus tridens, Linn. Mant. p. 566. DC. Prodr. 1. 
 p. 505. C. Burmanni, ejusd. ibid. C. trilocularis, Burm. Fl. 
 Ind.p. 123. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 89.— Ic. Pluk. 
 Phyt. t. 127. f. 4. Burm. /. c. t. 37./ 2. 
 
 Hab. In humidiusculis ins. S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, n. 42. 
 Junio 1841. 
 
 38. Corchorus Antichorus, Roeuschel, Nomencl. Bot. ed. 3. 
 (1797) p. 158, nomen, Antichorus depressus, Linn. Mant. 
 p. 64. et Regn. Veg. ed. 13. (cur. Murray) p. 297. DC. 
 Prodr. \. p. 504. Brunn. Ergebn. p. 161. Jussisea edulis, 
 Forsk. Fl. jEg. Ar. p. 210. Caricteria, Scop. Introd. p. 255. 
 Corchorus sect. Antichorus, Endlich. Gen. p. 1008. Cor- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 113 
 
 chorus fruticulosus, Vis. PI. ^g. etNub. p.2\. — Ic. Linn. 
 
 /. Dec.fasc. 3. t. 2. Vis. /. c. t. 3./. 2. 
 Hab. In planitie Porto Prayemi, ins. S. Jacobi, vulgaris, (/. 
 
 Dalton Hooker, n. 166. Nov. 1839. In ipsis oppidi plateis 
 
 {Brimner 1. c.) In ins. S. Vincentii et S. Nicolai, {Th. 
 
 Vogel.) 
 
 This species, first found by Forskahl in Arabia, and de- 
 scribed by Linnaeus in the Mantissa, though it reappears 
 in these islands, belongs essentially to Nubia and the 
 Arabian peninsula. Aucher found it at Mascato (exsicc. 
 n. 4286), Schimper near Djedda (exsicc. n. 813), Brocchi 
 and Kotschy (it. Nub. n. 342) near Chartum, at the con- 
 fluence of the White and Blue Rivers, which unite there 
 in the latitude of the Cape de Verd Islands to form the 
 Nile, and the latter likewise at Tekele, on the borders of 
 Cordofan. It cannot certainly be separated generically from 
 Corchorus. Professor Visiani justly describes it as fre- 
 quently pentamerous ; and probably on that account he did 
 not recognize it as the Antichqjfiis of Linnaeus, of which 
 it scarcely forms a separate division, but should be placed in 
 the section Coretoides of De Candolle. Both Forskahl and 
 Brocchi say it is edible, like its congener, C. olitorius, L., 
 a circumstance not mentioned by our voyagers. 
 
 39. Triumfetta Lappula, Linn. Sp. pi. p. 637. T. Plumieri, 
 Gaertn. p. 137. — Ic. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 255. Descourt. 
 
 - Fl des Antilles, 2. t. 101 et 102. Da Arr. Fl.Jium. t. 5. 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 191, Nov. 1839.) 
 
 40. Triumfetta pentandra, Rich, in Guill. et Perr. FL Sen. 
 Tent. p. 93.— Ic. Rich. /. c. t. 19. 
 
 Hab. In locis umbrosis vallis S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, 
 
 {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 177. Nov. 1839.) 
 • The Cape de Verd specimens differ from the plant figured 
 in the Flora of Senegambia in having the leaves entire 
 and not 3-lobed. The reduction of the stamens to five, 
 alternating with the petals, and that of the glands to ihe 
 smallest proportion, with the almost entire suppression of 
 
 I 
 
114 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 the urceolate appendix to the torus, occur equally in our 
 plant. 
 
 41. Grewia echinulata, Del. Cent, des plantes de Caill. p. 82. 
 n. 70. Grewia corylifolia, Guill. et Perr. Fl. .Sen. Tent, 
 p. 95.— Ic. Guill. et Perr. /. c. t. 20. 
 
 Hab. Arbuscula 15-pedalis ad apicera collium alt. 1000 ad 
 
 2000 ped. in ins. S. Jacobi, Avellance sylvulas mentiens (/. 
 
 Dalton Hooker, n. 175, Nov. 1839), speciminaflor. etfruct. 
 
 In ead. ins. (7". R. H. Thomson) in herb. Chr. Smith, Mus. 
 
 Brit, ex cl. J. D. Hooker^ in litt. 
 
 Mr. Arnott (in Ann. des Sc. Nat. 2eme ser. Bot. 2. p. 236) 
 considers this plant not specifically distinct from the G. 
 pilosa of the Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. p. 79. et Hook. Comp. bot. 
 Mag. t. 10.) It is safer, however, to keep the two apart, 
 till their positive identity has been fully confirmed. The 
 African plant is everywhere smaller, more particularly its 
 flowers; its leaves are much more villous, the leaflets of 
 the calyx are thinner and transparent, with nerves more 
 conspicuous and divaricated. 
 
 XV. Olacine^, Mirb, 
 
 42. Ximenia Americana, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 497. DC. Prodr. 1. 
 p. 533. X. multiflora, Jacq. Amoen. p. 106. Heymassoli 
 spinosa, Aubl. Gmjan. p. 324. — Ic. Lmck. 111. t. 297. /. 1 
 et 2. Jacq. /. c. t. 297. /. 31. Aubl. /. c. t. 125. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, [Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit. fid. 
 J. D. Hooker in litt.) 
 
 XVI. Sapindace^, Juss. 
 
 43. Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 925. Car- 
 diospermum hirsutum, Chr. Smith in Tuck. Journ. p. 249. 
 (fid. J. D. Hook, in litt.— Ic. Rheed. Mai. t. 28. Rumph. 
 Amb. t. 2i. /2. Lamck. ///. /. 317. Camb. Mem. du Mus. 
 IS.t.l.f.A. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, (J. Dalton Hooker, n. 160. spec. fl. et 
 fruct.) 
 Melia Azederach is likewise in the collection (herb. C. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 115 
 
 Danvin), but can scarcely perhaps be considered indige- 
 nous. 
 
 XVII. OXALIDE^, DC. 
 
 41. Oxalis corniculata, L. /S/;. PL p. 624. — Ic. Jacq. Ox. t. 5. 
 
 Had. In rupibus Montis Verede, ins. S. Vincentii, {Th. 
 Vogel, n. 35. Junio 1841. spec, pusillum.) In ins. S, 
 Jacobi, [Chr. Smithin herb. Mus. Brit, ex CI. /. D. Hooker.) 
 In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 XVIII. Zygophylle/E, R. Br. 
 
 45. Tribulus terrestris, Linn. Sp. PL p. 554. Guill. et Perr. 
 FL Sen. Tent. p. 139.— Ic. Reich. Ic. FL Germ, et Helv. 
 t. 161. /. 4821. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 157. Nov. 
 1839, spec, florida et fructifera.) 
 
 46. Tribulus cistoides, Linn. Sp. PL p. 554. — Ic. Pluk. 
 Phyt. t. 67. f. 4. Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 103. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus sinu Tarrafal {Forbes, n. 20, die 2 
 Aprilis, 1822, sp. flor. cum fructu mature.) In ins. S. Vin- 
 centii {Forbes, n. 4. sp. flor.) In planitie lapidosa ins. 
 S. Jacobi (/. D. Hooker, n. 159. November, 1839, sp. 
 fruct. cum floribus, et Chr. Smith, ex CI. J. D. Hooker.) 
 In ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 500 pad. {Th. Vogel, n. 34. 
 Junio, 1841.) In ins. S. Antonii (Id. n. 31. sp. flor.) 
 This is a true Tribulus, and not a Kallstrcemia, and there- 
 fore perfectly distinct from the K. cistoides, Endl. {Syn. FL 
 Ind. Occ. in Ann. des Wien. Mus. 1. p. 184.) 
 
 47. Fagonia Cretica, Linn. Sp. PL p. 553. Brunn. Ergebn. 
 p. 69. In sinu Tarrafal ins. S. Antonii {Forbes, n. 23. 
 die 2 Aprilis, 1822, sp. fl. et fruct.) ; in rupestribus ins. 
 S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 41. Junio, 1841, sp. fructifera) ; 
 in ins. Salis {Brunner, 1. c.) 
 
 48. Zygophyllum Fontanesii, Webb, Phyt. Can. \. p. 17. 
 Zygophyllum album, Desf. FL Atl. — Ic. Phyt. Can. t. 1. 
 
 Hab. In arena maris ins. S. Vincentii, frutex raniosus dif- 
 fusus {Vogel, n. 121. Junio, 1841, spec, fruct.) 
 
 I 2 
 
1 1 6 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 49. Zygophyllum simplex, L. Mant. p. 68. Z. portulacoides, 
 Forsk. Fl. Mg. Ar. p. 88. Z. stellulatum, Chr. Smith ! in 
 Tuck. Journ. p. 250 qui zonae temperatee per errorera 
 civeui dixit cum sit ex toto littoralis (/. D. Hooker in litt.) 
 Fagonia prostrata, Brimn. ! Ergebn. p. 69. — Ic. Forsk. 
 ic. 12. 
 
 In ins. Salts {Forbes sine n. Brunner .'J Circa Portu7n Fraya 
 ins. S. Jacobi planta maritima. [J. D. Hooker, n. 179. 
 November, 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) In ins. S. Antonii 
 {Th. Vogel, Junio, 1841, sp. unicum sole ustum.) In ins. 
 S. Jacobi {Darwin, sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 XIX. Rhamne^, Juss. 
 
 50. Zizyphus Jnjuba, Lamck. Encycl. 3. p. 318. Rhamnus 
 Jujuba, L. Sp. PI. p. 282. Z. sororia, Schult. Syst. 5. 
 p. 338. Z. insularis, Chr. Smith in Tuck. Journ. p. 250, 
 spec, pessimum (fid. J. D. Hooker in litt.) — Ic. Rhced. 
 Mai. 4. /. 41. Rumph. Arab. 3. /. 36. Pluk. Phyt. t. 312. 
 / 4. 
 
 The true Z. Jujuba, remarkable for its tawney down, and 
 not the Z. orthacantha, DC. of Senegal, which Brunner says 
 he saw in San Tiago {Ergebn. p. 127), of which the down is 
 white in the specimens given me by Mr. Perrottet. A 
 specimen, apparently of the latter, occurs without flower or 
 fruit, in the herb, of the Paris Museum. 
 
 XX. Leguminos^e, Juss. 
 
 51. Crotalaria Senegalensis, Bad. in DC. Prodr. 2, p. 133. 
 Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 165, excl. syn. Del. In 
 rupestri1)us ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 146 et 147, 
 November, 1839, sp. flor. et fruct.) ibid. {Chr. Smith, in 
 herb. Mus. Brit. excl. /. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Our plant appears perfectly distinct from the C. macilenta, 
 Del. Cent. PL Afr. p. 35. /. 3./. 2, with which it has been 
 associated by the authors of the Fl. Sen. Tent. The leaves, 
 as well as the whole plant, are more pubescent and the leaf- 
 lets more oblong and obovate and not elliptic. The flowers 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 117 
 
 are half and sometimes less than half the size of those of 
 the Nubian species, the calyx and its teeth shorter, the 
 standard much more ample, very hairy and not pubescent 
 only outside, nor entirely yellow, Ijut marked with longitu- 
 dinal streaks of red; it is about the same length as the wings 
 and not longer; the wings are narrow and oblong, not wide 
 and spathulate, the plicatures all placed much nearer the 
 apex; the keel is longer than the wings and standard, 
 instead of being about the length of the wings and shorter 
 than the standard ; the fruit is oblong-oval and when ripe 
 the base of the style which forms the apex is placed nearly 
 in a straight line with the upper suture ; whereas in the 
 Nubian plant the ripe fruit is nearly round, and the apex 
 forms an angle with the suture. Notwithstanding the great 
 similitude of these plants, presenting as they do so many 
 differences, it is more prudent to keep them apart. Our 
 comparison was made with the plant of Kotschy (Iter Nub. 
 n. 24.) 
 52. Crotalaria microphylla, Vahl., ^ymh. 1. p. 52. Benth. 
 
 Enum. Legiim. in Hook, Lond. Journ. of Bed. 2. j9. 573. 
 
 C. pumila, Hochst. et Steud. Exsicc. Arab. Schlmp. 1837. 
 
 n. 778. 
 Hab. In rupibus maritimis ins. S. Antonii {Forbes, die 
 
 2 Aprilis, 1822, sp. unicum fructiferum.) 
 
 I had at first distinguished this plant specifically under 
 the name of C. triyonelloides ; but after a careful examination 
 it seems scarcely possible to separate it from C. microphijlla, 
 Vahl; though the branches which are stouter appear less 
 procumbent and the leaves are more approximated. The 
 upper leaflets in both, as in C. humilis, Eckl., frequently 
 become linear and elongated and sometimes simple. The 
 pubescence and the stipules are identical ; the segments of the 
 calyx in our plant are however somewhat narrower and more 
 sharply pointed. Unfortunately, we have no perfect flowers; 
 but the keel is apparently of the same form: the fruit, ripe 
 in our specimen, though otherwise similar to the unripe fruit 
 of that of Schimper, is a little larger. 
 
1 1 8 SPICTLEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 53. Lotus Jacobaus, Linn. Sp. PL p. 109L DC. Prodr. 2, 
 p. 210.— Ic. Commel. Hort. Amst. 2. /. 83. Curt. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 79. 
 
 Hab. In zona temperata ins. S. Jacobi (Chr. Smith, 1. c. 
 p. 250. In rupestribus maritimis ad sinum Tarrafal ins. 
 S. Antonii {Forbes, n. 18. die 2 April, 1822, spec, florida 
 valde hirta, foliis latioribus, carina et vexillo pallidis, alls 
 atropurpureis, specimina his similia sed graciliora in 
 eadem ins. legit Th. Vogel). In vallibus ins. S. Nicolai, 
 [Forbes, n. 18. die 29 Maii, 1822, sp. florida, alis et vexillo 
 atropurpureis, carina pallida.) In palmetis ins. S. Jacobi 
 {Forbes, n. 5. die 5 April, 1822, spec, florida et fructifera, 
 alis atropurpureis, carina et vexillo pallidis. Ad apicem 
 montis cujusdam acuti vallis S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi ad 
 alt. 2000 ped. (/. D. Hooker, n. 153. November 1839, spec, 
 fructifera et florida, alabastris novellis undique prodituris, 
 gracilia foliosissima, foliis angustis, alis et vexillo atropur- 
 pureis, carina pallida.) 
 
 It appears that this plant grows from the sea-coast to an 
 elevation of 2000 feet, varying according to its station in 
 the breadth and hairiness of its leaves and in the colour of its 
 petals ; though these are never entirely yellow, like those of 
 Lotus Brunneri. 
 
 54. Lotus melilotoides, Webb ; caule frutescente, ramis elon- 
 gatis diff'usissimis moUiter pilosis, foliis sessilibus foliolis 
 stipulisque elongatis lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus basi 
 attenuatis pilosis viridibus, junioribus rufo-hirtis, bracteis 
 linearibus flores vix excedentibus, calycis turbinati hirti 
 dentibus lanceolatis apice setaceis, alis lanceolatis carinas 
 longitudine vexillo acutiusculo vix brevioribus. Flores 
 videntur rosei ; affinis estL. anthylloidi, Yent., sed foliorum 
 forma et pubescentia diftert. 
 
 Had. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mtis. reg. Par.) 
 
 55. Liotns 2mrpureus,Vfe\ih-, caule frutescente, ramis diff"usis, 
 foliis appresse pilosis virentibus, stipulis ovatis cum acu- 
 mine, foliolis latis ovatis velobovatis obcordatisque, calyce 
 urceolato distincte 2-labiato, dentibus lineari-lanceolatis 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 119 
 
 apice setaceis labii superioris longioribus, inferioris dente 
 intermedio lateralibus duplo fere longiore, carina vexillo 
 obtusiusculo subbreviore alls oblongis breviore. — Icon. 
 Tab. VI. Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 757. 
 Hab. In arvis et in EupJiorbue TuckerancR sylvis ins. S. Ni- 
 cholai {Forbes, die 30 Martii 1822, spec florida.) 
 This species, though very distinct, is allied to L. macranthus, 
 Lowe, {L. Portosanctanus, Nob. in Steud. Nomenclat.) of which 
 the flowers are pale purple. Those of our plant have the keel 
 and standard rose-coloured and the wings tipped with deep 
 purple. Some of the leaflets are as much as 4 lines long by 
 2^ wide. 
 
 Tab. VI. Fig. 1. flower; /. 2. vexillura; /. 3. ala; /. 4. ca- 
 rina ; /. 5. ovarium : — magnified. 
 
 56. Lotus coronilleefolius, Webb; caule frutescente, ramis 
 elongatis gracilibus diff"usissimis glabellis, stipulis lanceo- 
 latis, foliis petiolatis foliolisque petiolulatis latis obovatis 
 obcordatisque parce et appresse pubescentibus viridibus, 
 junioribus fulvis, calycis turbinati pubescentis dentibus 
 subaequalibus basi ovatis apice lineari-setaceis, vexillo 
 glabro, carina acuta alis obtusis longiore, stylo breviter 
 1-dentato. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 This species in its general appearance resembles the Lotus 
 spartioides, Nob. (Phyt. Can.), but is easily distinguished by 
 the form of its leaves and of the teeth of its calyx. 
 
 57. Lotus Brunnerij Webb; caule fruticoso procumbente, 
 foliis pube cinerea adpressa sericeis, stipulis lanceolatis 
 sessilibus petiolo brevioribus caducis foliolis obovato lan- 
 ceolatis, pedunculis paucifloris, calycibus urceolato-campa- 
 nulatis sericeo-pubescentibus, dentibus lanceolatis acutis, 
 corolla lutea, vexillo elliptico subacuto carina sublongiore. 
 Lotus anthylloides ? Brunn. Ergebn. p. 86 ! non Vent. ! 
 ex sp. Malmaisonensi herb. Desfont. — Icon. Tab. III. 
 Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 754. 
 
 Hab. *' In insulec ^alis lapidosis magna copia sed constanter 
 
120 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 flore luteo nunquam atropurpureo." {Brunner, in scheda 
 speciminis nobiscuin communicati.) 
 
 A plant, perfectly distinct from the L. anthylloides, 
 Vent., of which Brunner had seen no authentic -specimen 
 when he originally associated them, nor of L. Jacob(Bus 
 of which he afterwards considered it a mere variety. It 
 differs from the latter by the form of its leaves, by its 
 appressed and not villous and patent pubescence, by its 
 short sessile stipules, by the teeth of the calyx being merely 
 acute and not more or less filiform at the extremity and by 
 the form and colour of the corolla. 
 
 Tab. III. Fig. 1. flower; /. 2. vexillum ; / 3. ala; /. 4. ca- 
 rina; f. 5. stamina and ovaria ; /. 6. ovarium ; /. 7. pod ; 
 /. 8. seed : — maynified. 
 
 58. Lotus glaucus, Hort. Kew, ed. 1, 3, p. 92. Chr. Smith in, 
 Thick, voy. p. 250. quanquam nulla extant in herb. Mus. 
 Brit, specimina (ex cl. J. Dalton Hooker, in litt.) Phyt. 
 Can. 2. p. 84..— Ic. Phyt. Can. t. 61. 
 
 Hab. In regione temperata. ins. S. Jacobi, {Chr. Smith, I. c.) 
 In ins. S. Vincentii, {Th. Vogel, n. 75. Junio 1841, sp. 
 fructifera, et n. 74. parce florifera.) 
 
 The leaves of the Cape de Verd plant are much broader than 
 those of the Canarian and Madeiran specimens, and resemble 
 those of L. Lancerottensis, Nob., from which, however, as 
 well as the typical form it is distinguished by its one or two 
 flowered capitules and by the narrow teeth of its calyx. 
 Christian Smith mentions an L. lanatus, sp. n. Tuck. voy. 
 p. 251. ; but Dr. J. D. Hooker informs us that he has 
 not identified such a plant in his herbarium at the British 
 Museum. 
 
 59. Indigofera hirsuta, L. Sp. PL p. 1062. Lamck, Encycl. 
 3. p. 246. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 174. Walp. 
 Repert. l.p. 660. — Indigofera Guineensis, Thonn. et Schum. 
 K. Darsk. Vid. Selskap. Afhandl. 4i. p. 140. — Ic. Astra- 
 galus spicatus, siliquis pendulis hirsutis, foliis sericeis, 
 Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 14, Hemispadon pilosus, Endl. Atakt. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 121 
 
 /. 3. ex Walp. I. c. sed planta raacrior quam in speciminibus 
 nostris. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. [Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 60. Indigofera iinctoria, L. Sp. PI. p. 1061. a macrocarpa, 
 DC.Prodr.p. 244. GuiU.et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. I. p. 178. 
 — Ic. Pluk. Phytogr. /. 165./. 5. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii, frutex tripedalis, {Th. Vogel, Jun. 
 1841, sp. fruct.) 
 
 61. Indigofera viscosa, Lamck. Encycl. 3. p. 247. DC. Prodr. 
 2. p. 227. Guill. etPerr. Fl. Sen. Tent. 1. p. 180. Indigo- 
 fera glutinosa, Perr. in DC. I. c. non Vahl ! — Ic. IVendl. 
 Sert. Han. t. 12. 
 
 Hab. In locis graminosis planitiei ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton 
 Hooker^ Nov. 1839, sp. macilenta fruct. et florida, flores 
 coccinei.) 
 
 62. Indigofera Senegalensis, Lamck. Encycl. 3. p. 248. Guill. 
 et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 183. Indigofera tetraspernia, Vahl 
 in herb. Desf. ! Pers. Syn. 2. p. 325, non Thonn. et Schum. 
 PI. Guin. nee DC. Prodr. 
 
 Hab. In herb ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 63. Indigofera linearis, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 184. 
 Hab. Vulgatissima circa Portum Praya, ins. S. Jacobi, {J. 
 
 D. Hooker, n. 151. Nov. 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 64. Tephrosia bracteolata, Guill. et Per. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 194. 
 Hab. In vallis Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, [J. Dalton Hooker, 
 
 Nov. 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 65. Tephrosia anthylloides, Hochst. in Kotsch. Sched. It. 
 Nub. 1841, n. 1841. et Schimp. It. Abyss. 1842, n. 721. 
 
 Hab. Speciraina 2 fructifera in ins. parva Coturnicum, prope 
 ins. S. Jacobi, a cl. J. Dalton Hooker lecta, aliaque flor. et 
 fruct. in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. (Mus. reg. Par.) hue referenda 
 opinor. 
 
 66. Sesbania punctata, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 265. Guill. et Perr. 
 Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 198. 
 
 Hab. In palmetis ins. S. Jacobi, {Forbes, n. 8. die 5, April, 
 1822, sp. florida.) 
 
 67. Zornia angustifolia, Smith in Rees Cycl. n. 1. DC. Prodr. 
 
122 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 2. p. 316. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 203. Hedysarum 
 diphyllum, a. Linn. Sp. PL p. 747. — Ic. Rheed. Malab. 9. 
 /. 82. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 143. Nov. 
 1839, sp. pusillum.) 
 
 68. Desmodium tortuosum, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 332. Humb. et 
 Kunth ! Nov. Gen. et Sp. 6. p. 521. Hedysarum tortuosum, 
 Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. p. 107. Desmodium terminale, 
 Fl. Sen. Tent. ! p. 307. an DC. Desmodium ospriostreblum, 
 Steud. in sched. Schimp. It. Abyss, sect. 2. n. 1039 ! — 
 Ic. Sloane, Hist, of Jam. 1. t. 116./. 9. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, June 1841, sp. fl. et 
 fr.) In vallibus et in pascuis siccis ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton 
 Hooker, n. 148 et n. 149, Nov. 1839, sp. fl. et fr.) 
 Apparently a common plant in tropical regions, parti- 
 cularly those of the New World. It begins to flower at 
 a very early stage, and varies exceedingly in the strength of 
 its stem and the size of its leaves and pods, on which 
 account it will probably be found to have a synonymy as 
 wide as its geographical range. The specimens of Hedysarum 
 tenellum, Kunth ! (in the herb, of the Museum of Paris) 
 appear to be a delicate form, and Hed. Cumanense ejusd. ! 
 a robust individual, with larger and more elliptic leaves, of 
 this species, very similar to the specimens of Vogel, gathered 
 in St. Antonio. I have not, however, ventured to unite 
 these species, the authentic specimens not admitting of 
 sufficient examination. 
 
 69. Mysicarpus vaginalis, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 353. Guill. et 
 Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 210. Wight et Am. Pr. Fl. Pen. Ind. 
 Or. 1. p. 233. Hedysarum vaginale, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1052. 
 — Ic. Pluk. Phyt. t. 59./. 3. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 70. Arachis hypogaea, Linn. Sj}. PL p. 1040. DC. Prodr. 
 2. p. 474. Arachidnoides Americana, Nissole Mem. de VAc. 
 des Sc. 1723. p. 387. Arachis Africana et A. Asiatica, Lour. 
 FL Coch.—lc. Pluk. Phyt. t. 60. / 2. Rumph. Amb. 5. 
 t. 156. t. 2. Trew, Ehret, t. 3./. 3. Nissol. I c. t. 19. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 123 
 
 Hab. Extat ex ins. Cap. Vir. in herb. Mus. reg. Par. 
 
 71. Soemnieringia psittacorhyncha, Webb ; ramis robustis 
 striatis glaberrimis fulvis, stipulis amplis coriaceis oblongis 
 latioribus rotundatis sessilibus amplexicaulibus integerrimis 
 striato-venosis glabris, foliis abrupte pinnatis 5-jugis, 
 foliolis brevissime petiolulatis, petiolulis crassis stipellatis, 
 stipellis caducis ovato-flabellatis obliquis obtusis e basi 
 8-nerviis reticulato-nervosis pellucido-puncticulatis co- 
 riaceis margine membranaceis integerrimis, spicis dicho- 
 tomis basi stipulatis imbricatim bracteatis, bracteis am- 
 plissimis membranaceis sessilibus connatis nervoso-reti- 
 culatis glaberrimis integerrimis imbricatis obcordatis florem 
 foventibus, florii)us in axillis bractearuni solitariis pedun- 
 culatis, pedunculo parce piloso bistipulato, stipulis scariosis 
 ovatis sessilibus apice ciliolatis persistentibus, calyce 
 bilabiatim bipartito corolla vix breviore chartaceo striato, 
 labio inferiore compresso carinato 3-dentato dentibus 
 acutis pilosulis, superne 2-dentato basi ad unguem vexilli 
 gibbo, corollae papilionacese vexillo oblongo apice assur- 
 gente medio incumbente basi utrinque auriculato ungui- 
 culato, ungue reflexo plicato, alis vexillo incumbente invo- 
 lutis rectis oblongis ab apice ad basin plicaturis deorsum 
 spectantibus corrugatis unguiculatis per auriculas con- 
 natis carinse petalis liberis deflexis recurvis psittaci rostrum 
 aduncum referentibus duplo longioribus, staminibus 10 
 in phalanges 2-5 andras intra carinae petala recurvas 
 connatis, ovario breviter stipitato elliptico recurvo 2- 
 ovulato hirto, stylo ascendente glabro, stigmate apicillari, 
 legumine * * * *, seminibus * * * *. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 Though this plant differs in many particulars from the 
 original Soemmeringia, in the absence of fruit it is not 
 possible to separate them. The corolla appears to be tawney 
 or yellow, with the tip of the keel purple. 
 
 72. Phaca Vogelii, Webb ; cinereo-villosa, ramis gracilibus 
 elongatis foliosis decumbentibus, foliis subsexjugis, foliolis 
 
124 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA, 
 
 parvis ovatis, spiels axillaribus densifloris folio demum 
 subduplo longioribus, floribus exiguis sessilibus, calyce 
 campanulato pilosissimo, dentibus linearibus subeequalibus, 
 corolla calycem vix excedente, legumine minin\o inflato 
 elliptico-ovato acutiusculo pilosissimo. — Ic. (Tab. VIII.) 
 Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 758. 
 
 Hab. In rupibus maritimis ins. *S^. Antonii {Forbes, n. 2. die 
 2 April. 1822, sp. florifera cum fructu immaturo.) Ibid. 
 {T7i. Vogel, n.46. Junio 1841, sp. florifera et fructifera.) 
 
 Herba diffusa, lignescens; raniis 1-2-pedalibus, decumbenti- 
 bus, erassitie pennae columbinas, pube ascendente villosulis, 
 foliosissimis. Folia impari-pinnata, pedieello brevi nudo, 
 subsexjuga, jugis approximatis, foliolis exiguis sessilibus, 
 ovato-lanceolatis, obtusiusculis vel mucronulatis, integerri- 
 mis, utrinque pilis subappressis cinereo-villosis. Spica 
 e foliorum fere omnium axillis prodeuntes, 12-16-florae, 
 folio demum subduplo longiores, filiformes, duriusculi, 
 incurvuli, post foliorum casum persistentes. Flores minimi 
 inconspicui, glomerati, subsessiles, bracteis filiformibus, 
 hirtis, calyce duplo brevioribus subtensi. Calyx campanu- 
 latus, hirtus, persistens, dentibus brevibus linearibus, 
 acutis, suboequalibus, superioribus latioribus. Corolla flava 
 calycem vix excedens, post fecundationem ab ovario inflato 
 protrusa. Vexillum oblongo-ellipticum, apice rotundatum 
 emarginatum, concavum, alae oblongse vexillo breviores, 
 carina lata obtusa incurva valde concava longiores et cum 
 ea per seculos connexse. Stamina 10, filamento vexillari 
 libero. Ovarium 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum, ellipticum, pi- 
 losissimum. Stylus brevis, arcuatus, mox antrorsum re- 
 curvus. Stigma capitatum, demum antrorsum decline. 
 Legumen parvum, inflatum, ovato-ellipticum, apice acu- 
 tiusculum, 1-loculare, 2-spermum, demum ad suturam 
 superiorem debiscens. Semina elongato-reniformia, scro- 
 biculata, nigerrima. Embryo perlspenliio mucilaginoso 
 immersus, cotyledonibus ovato-ellipticis, petiolulatis, supra 
 radiculam claviformem incumbentibus. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 125 
 
 Tab. VIII. Fig. 1. flower ; /. 2. vexillum ; /. 3. ala; / 4. ca- 
 rina ; f. 5. ovarium ; /. 6. lateral ; /. 7. front view of legume; 
 /. 8. transverse section of ditto : — all magnified. 
 
 73. Dolichos Daltoni, Webb ; caule annuo gracillimo volubili 
 pilis patentibus mollibus hirtulo, stipulis oblongis acutis 
 nervosis, pedicellis elongatis gracilibus pilosis, foliolis 
 elliptico-obliquis acutis appresse pubescentibus demum 
 glabris ciliatis stipellis 2 minimis filiformibus raunitis, 
 bracteis filiformibus basi dilatatis, floribus 1-2 in axillis 
 foliorum pedunculo brevissimo insidentibus, calycis tubo 
 brevi, laciniis elongatis filiformibus ciliatis, leguminibus 
 compressis falcatis (iramaturis) pilosulis 4-5-spermis, semi- 
 nibus planis nigris. 
 
 Hab. In pascuis ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, Nov. 
 1839, sp. unicum macrum. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. 
 reg. Par.) sp. adulta florida et fructifera. 
 
 74. Lablab vulgaris, Sav. Diss. p. 15. DC. Prodr. 2. p. 401. 
 Wight et Am. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1. p. 250. Dolichos 
 Lablab, L. S. PL Lablab niger, Moench, Meth. p. 153. 
 Dolichos Benghalensis, Jacq. H. Vind. et D. purpureus 
 ejusd. fragm. p. 45. Pro syn. reliquis cf. W. et Arn. 
 1. c— Ic. Rumph. Amb. t. 136, 137, et 1841. /. 1. Jacq. 
 Vind. 2. t. 124. fragm. t. 55. Smith, Ex. Bot. i. 74. 
 Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. 2. Suppl. t. 15. Ker, Bot. Reg. 
 t. 830. Sav. /. cf. 8-9. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, sp. fruct.) In herb, 
 ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 75. Voandezeia subferranea, Du Pet. Thou. Gen. Mad. n. 77. 
 DC. Prodr. 2. p. 474. et Mem. Leg. p. 464. Guill. et Perr. 
 Fl. Sen. Tent. 1. p. 254. Arachis Africana, Burm. Fl. Cap. 
 Prodr. p. 22. non Lour. Glycine subterranea, Linn. Dec. 
 p. 37. Mant. p. 442. Sijst. ed. Murr. p. 548. IVilld. Sp. 
 PI. p. 1053.— Ic. Linn. Dec. 1. 17. DC. Mem. t. 20./. 106. 
 
 Hab. Extat hsec planta in herb ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. 
 Par.) ubi vulgo " Obizendanbanbi" ex scheda. 
 
 76. Cajanus Indicus, Spreng. Syst. 3. p. 248. Wight et Arn. 
 
1S6 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. \.p. 256. Cytisus Cajan, L. Sp. PL 
 p. 1041. Syst. ed. Murr. p. 555. Variat vexillo nunc toto 
 luteo nunc extus striis purpureis picto. Cajanus flavus et 
 Cajanus bicolor DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 85. Prodr. 2. 
 ^. 406.— Ic. Pluk. Phyt. t. 231./. 3. Rheed. Malab. 6. 
 /. 13. Jacq. Obs. t. 1. et Cytisus pseudo-Cajan, hort. 
 Vind. 2. t. 119. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 77. Rhynchosia minima, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 385. Guill. et Perr. 
 FL Sen. Tent. 1. p. 214. Dolichos minimus, L. Sp. PL 
 p. 1020. Glycine, Chr. Smith, in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. 
 Mus. Brit. {J. D. Hooker in Utt.)— Ic. Jacq. Obs. t. 22. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith). In ins. Sails humi- 
 diusculis {Brunner in herb, nostro, Ergebn. p. 109). In 
 herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 78. Rhynchosia Memnoma, DC. Prodr. 2. p. 386. Glycine 
 Memnonia, DeL FL d'Eg. p. 100.— Ic. Del. /. c. t. 38./. 3. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, November, 1839, sp. 
 fruct.) In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 79. Abrus precatorius, Linn. Syst. p. 533. Glycine Abrus, 
 Sp. PL p. 1025.— Ic. Pluk. Phyt. t. 214. /. 5. Rheed. 
 Malab. 8. t. 39. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 32. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) In ins. 
 S. Jacobi, valle Organorum {Brunner). 
 
 80. Cassia obtusifolia, Linn. Sp. PL p. 539. (excl. syn. 
 Rumph.) DC. Prodr. 2. p. 493. Guill. et Perr. FL Sen. 
 Teat. p. 260. Vog. Syn. p. 24. Torr. et Gray, FL N. Am. 1. 
 p. 394.— Ic. Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 62. f. 72. Sloane, Hist. Jam. 
 2. t. 180./. 5. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 76./. 2. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 146. November, 
 1839, sp. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 81. C-dssia. occidentalis, L. Sp. PL p. 54^0. Collad. Mon.p. 107. 
 DC. Prodr. 2. p. 497. Wight et Am. Prodr. FL Pen. Ind. 
 Or. p. 290. Vog. Syn. p. 21. Torr. et Gray, FL N. Am. 1. 
 p. 294. Pro syn. reliquis cf. Walp. Repert. bot. 1. p. 816. 
 — Ic. Comm. Hort. Amst. 1. t. 26. Ker, Bot. reg. t. 83. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 127 
 
 Hab. In ins. S, Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 150. November, 
 1839, sp. flor. et fr.) Ibid. {Chr. Smith et Thomson in 
 herb. ins. Cap. Vir. Mas. Brit. J. D. Hooker, in litt.) 
 
 82. Cassia bicupsularis, Linn. Sp. PL p. 538. DC. Prodr. 2. 
 p. 494. Vog. Syn. p. 18. Cassia sennoides, Jacq. Collect. 
 
 1. p. 74>. DC. I. c. Brunner, Ergebn. p. 37 ! — Ic. Plum. ed. 
 Burm. t. 76. f. 1. Jacq. Fragm. t. 58. et Ic. rar. 1. t. 170. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Brava {Brunner in herb, nostro !) 
 
 83. Cassia obovata, Collad. Monogr. p. 92, DC. Prodr. 2. 
 p. 492. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. p. 260. Vog. Syn. 
 p. 36.— Ic. Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 33./. 2. C. Senna, Nect. Voy. 
 Eg. t. 1. Hayne, Arzneigew. t. 42. 
 
 Hab. In alveis siccis rivorum ins. Salis {Forbes, n. 4. 26 
 Maii, 1822, spec, florida.) Ad oram maritimam et in 
 montibus ins. S. Vincentii usque ad altitudinem 500 ped. 
 {Vcgel, n. 6. Junio, 1841, sp. florida, fructu immature.) 
 
 84. Cassia jnicrantha, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. 1. p. 262. 
 Walp. Repert. 1. p. 834. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 85. Cassia microphylla, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 529. DC. Prodr. 
 
 2. p. 505. Cassia geminata, Vahl, herb. Schum. Beskr. 
 Guin. Plant. 2. p. 228. Guill. et Perr. Fl. Sen. Tent. 1. 
 
 p. 263. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. fMus. reg. Par. J 
 
 86. Dicrostachys nutans, Benth. in Hook. Journ of Bot. 4. 
 p. 352. Caillea Dichrostachys, Guill. et Per. Fl. Sen. Tent. 
 1. p. 240. Desmanthus trichostachys et nutans, DC. 
 Prodr. 2. p. 445 — 6. Brunn. ! Ergebn. p. 54. — Ic. DC. 
 Legum. t. 67. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi montosis (Brunner in herb, nostro). 
 
 87. Acacia dlbida, Guill. et Perr. FL Sen. Tent. 1. 245. 
 Brunn. Ergebn. p. 4. A. albida ^, Senegalensis, Benth. in 
 Hook. Lond. Journ of Bot. \. p. 505. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi (Brunner, 1. c.) 
 
 88. Acacia Arabica, Guill. et Perr. FL Sen. Tent. 1. p. 250. 
 A. Arabica, a toraentosa, Benth. I. c. p. 500. 
 
128 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, arbor 30-pedalis (/. D. Hooker^ 
 n. 145, November, 1839, sp. sine flore et fructu.) 
 
 89. Acacia Farnesiana, Willd. Sp. PL 4. j). 1083. Benth. 1. c. 
 p. 494. Mimosa Farnesiana, Linn. Sp. pi. p. 1506. Va- 
 chellia Farnesiana, Wight et Am. Prodr. Ft. Pen. Ind. or. 1. 
 p. 272. Farnesia odora. Gasp. Descr. di uno nuov. gen. 
 p. 5.— Ic. Aid. Hort. Farn. p. 2 et 7. Pluk. Phyt. t. 73. 
 f. 3. Descourt. Ft. des Antil. t. 1. Gasp. /. c. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi (J. D. Hooker, November, 1839) 
 circa Portum Praya et in valle S. Dominici fBrunner, 
 Ergebn. p. 5.) 
 
 XXI. Tamariscine^, a. de St. Hil. 
 
 90. Tamarix Gallica, Linn. Sp. PI. Webb, Obs. in Hook. 
 Lond. Journ. of Bot. 3. (1840) jo. 429, et in Ann. Sc. Nat. 
 2eme ser. 16. (1841) p. 264. T. Canariensis, mild. Act. 
 Ber. (1812—13) ed. 1816. p. 77. ex DC. Prodr. 3. p. 96. 
 Webb, Phyt. Can. I. p. 171. T. Senegalensis, DC. I. c. 
 Guill. et Perr.! Fl. Sen. Tent. 1. p. 309.— Ic. Phyt. Can. 
 t. 25. Webb in Hook. Lond. Journ. I. c. t. 15. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii ubi ssepe arbor fit mediocris fTh. 
 Vogel, n. 7. Junio, 1841, sp. fl. et fr.) In ins. S. Jacobi 
 (C. Darwin, Thomson, in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. Mus. Brit. 
 J. D. Hooker, in litt.) In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. 
 Par.) 
 
 XXII. Onagrarie^e, Juss. 
 
 91. Epilobium parviflorum, Schreb. Spic. p. 146. Mert. et 
 Koch, Deutschl. Fl. 3. p. 14. Phyt. Can. 2. p. 7.— Ic. Fl. 
 Dan. t. 347. Engl. Bot. t. 795. 
 
 Hab. Ad rivulos in ins. S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 24. Junio, 
 1841, sp. floriferum.) In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. 
 Par.) (sp. procera valde hirsuta.) 
 
 XXIII. CuCURBITACEiE, JuSS. 
 
 93. CitruUus Colocynthis, Schrad. in Eckl. et Zeyh. enum. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 129 
 
 p. 279. Linneea, 12. p. 414. PhyL Can. 2. p. 3. Cucumis 
 Colocynthis, L. Sp. PL p. 1435. DC. Prodr. 3. p. 302. 
 Chr. Smith in Tuck. Voy. p. 251. Wight et Am. Prodr. 
 Ft. Pen. Ind. or. 1. p. 342. Brunn. Ergebn. p. 50. — Ic. 
 Nees, PI. off. 12. ^.11. Turp. Fl. mid. t. 128. Wight, Ic. 2. 
 ^. 498. 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypio satis ins. ;S^. Jacobi, (Forbes, n. 12. 
 die 5 April, 1822.) Ibid. (/. D. Hooker, n. 133 et Darwin) 
 in ins. S. Antonii, (Th. Vogel, n. 23.) 
 
 93. Momordica Charantia, L. Sp. PI. p. 1433. DC. Prodr. 
 Z.p. 311. Wight et Am. Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. or. p. 348. 
 Brunn. Ergebn. p. 90. Momordica Senegalensis, Lamck. 
 Encycl. 4. p. 239. Chr. Smith in Tuck. Journ. p. 249. 
 Momordica muricata, IVilld. Sp. PL 4<. p. 602. — Ic. Rumph. 
 Amb. 5. ^. 151. Rheed. MaL 8. t. 10. Hill. Sex. syst. class 
 21. ord. 10.— Ic. Wight, Ic. 2. t. 504. 
 
 Hab. In sylvis Phcenicis dactylifera, ins. S. Jacobi {Forbes, 
 n. 9. die 5 April, 1822, sp. fl. et fruct.) Ibid. {Chr. Smith, 
 in herb. ins. Cap. Vir. Mits. reg. Par.) in valle S. Domi- 
 nici ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 162. November, 1839, 
 sp. fl. et fructifera.) 
 
 XXIV. PORTULACACEJS, JuSS. 
 
 94. Portulaca oleracea, Linn. Sp. PL p. 638. Phyt. Can. 1. 
 p. 169.— Ic Lob. Ic.p. 388. Turp. Fl. med. 5. t. 283. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 109. November, 
 1839, sp. jam diu fructifera.) Ibid. {Chr. Smith, in herb, 
 ins. Cap. Vir. Mus. Brit, et in herb. Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 95. Aizoon Canariense, Linn. Sp. PL p. 700. DC. Prodr. 3. 
 p. 453. Phyt. Can. 1. p. 207.— Ic. Pluk. Phyt. t. 503. 
 /. 4. Niss. Acta Act. Par. 1711. i. 13. /. 1. DC. PL 
 grasses t. 136. 
 
 Hab. In campestribus ins. Salis {Forbes, n. 5. die 26 Martii, 
 1822, sp. juniora). In ins. S. Jacobi {C. Darwin sp. fruc- 
 tifera). 
 
 96. Umbihcus horizontalis, DC. Prodr. 3. p. 400. Cotyledon 
 horizontalis, Guss ! Ind. sem. in Bocc. 1826. Prodr. FL 
 
 K. 
 
130 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 sice. 1. p. 517. Presl, Fl. sice. 1. p. 517.— Ic. Ten. Fl. 
 Neap. t. 234/ 1. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. fMus. reg. Par.) 
 
 XXV. Melastomace/e. 
 
 OsBECKiA, L. Char. gen. reformatus.* — Ca/ya; campanulatus, 
 4 seepius 5-fidus ; divisuris simplicibus (id est interiore 
 membrana non duplicatis ut in plurimis Melastomacearum 
 generibus) ovatis vel triangularibus, acutis ; tubo birsuto 
 vel piloso. Corolla petala 4-5, obovata, mucrone piliformi 
 vel setis aliquot fasciculatis baud raro terminata inter- 
 dumque ciliolata. Stamina 8-10, alternative majora et 
 minora ; filamentis glabris ; antberis lineari-subulatis, apice 
 uniporosis; connectivo infra loculos longe producto et in 
 insertione filamenti varie conflato, srepius biauriculato. 
 Ovarium 4-5-loculare, ovatum, ad medium usque tubo 
 calycino vittis 8-10 antheras in pracfloratione intus reflexas 
 separantibus adbeerens, apice setis styli basin cingentibus 
 coronatum. Stylus filiformis vel utrinque subulatus. 
 Stigma subcapitellatum aut punctiforme. Ovula nume- 
 rosa, placentis 4-5 subtriquetris centralibus affixa. Cap- 
 sula calyce persistente vestita, loculicide 4-5-valvis. Se- 
 mina minuta cocbleata. — Osbeckise omnes frutices siijfru- 
 ticesve 1-3-pedules, ealicliorum partium America; australis, 
 Africsc, Indiae nee non insularum quarumdam Oceani Atlan- 
 tici Indicique incola, nee, quod tnirum est, e Nepaliee mon- 
 tibus temperatis omnino exules. 
 
 97. Osbeckia Princeps, Dec. ; fruticosa, ramis dense hirto- 
 tomentosis rufescentibus, foliis 1-3-pollicaribus petiolo 
 4-8 lineas longo instructis. DC. Prod. 3. 7;. 110. Rhexia 
 Princeps, Bonpl. Rhex. tab. 45. 
 The genus Osbeckia is probably the only one in the 
 
 family of Melastomaceee which is found both m the New 
 
 and the Old World ; unless botanists prefer, which is fre- 
 
 * We are indebted to M. Ch. Naudin, wlio has paid much attention to 
 the difficult family of the Melastomacece, for the description of this species 
 of Osbeckia. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 131 
 
 quently the case, to divide it into as many genera as there 
 are parts of the globe or even islands wherein it occurs ; 
 though I doubt whether there are sufficient characters for 
 doing so. But if the genus itself is cosmopolite, such is not 
 the case with its species, which seem generally to be included 
 in restrained limits ; yet, the group being widely disse- 
 minated it is not surprising that in the present instance, 
 contrary to the usual rule, our plant differs from the few 
 species hitherto found on the neighbouring continent 
 of Africa. However this may be, it certainly does not 
 differ from the O. Princeps of Bonpland and DecandoUe found 
 in Brazil. This we have ascertained by attentively examining 
 the specimen from the same country in the herbarium of the 
 Museum of Paris. We have grounds to suppose its true 
 native country to be Africa, whence it may have been 
 brought into the New World by the negroes. 
 
 XXVI. Umbellifer^, Juss. 
 
 Trib. nov. TdrapleurecB, Pari. 
 
 Fructus a dor so lenticulari-compressus. Mericarpiorum ^'w^a 
 4 prominentia, (Equalia. — Tribus ad Umbelliferas orthos- 
 permas pertinens, fructus forma ad Angeliceas et Peuce- 
 dineas accedit, sed ab utrisque omnino differt jugis 4 pro- 
 minentibus, quorum 2 ex secundariis formata, nee margi- 
 nalia in alam expansa. — Pari. 
 
 Tetbapleura, Pari. ; Calyx . . . Petala . . . Mericarpia jugis 
 primariis 5, lateralibus marginantibus prominentibus, duo- 
 bus aliis dorsalique obsoletis fere nullis, secundariis 4, 
 duobus dorsali proxirais elevatis marginantium magnitu- 
 dine, duobus aliis subnuUis, unde mericarpia quadrijugata. 
 VittfB solitarise sub jugis quatuor prominentibus, commis- 
 sura 2 vittata, vittae omnes filiformes. Carpophorum bi- 
 partitum. /Semen complanatum. -^/^wmew carnosum, car- 
 nosum, planiusculum. — Pari. 
 
 98. Tetrapleura insularis, Pari. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii [Tli. Vogel.) 
 
132 SPICILEGTA GORGONEA. 
 
 Hujus species ramum pessimurn tantum possideo, sic ejus 
 descriptionem mihi ullo modo non licet adumbrare. Pari. 
 
 99. Tetrapleura . , . . sp. ? 
 
 Hab. In raontosis ins. S. Jacobi [J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 XXVII. RUBIACE^, Juss. 
 
 100. Hedyotis (Oldenlandia) Burmanniana, R. Br. in Wall. 
 Cat. n. 868. Wight et Arn. Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. I. p. 
 415.— Ic. Rheed. Mril. 10. t. 35. Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t.U. 
 
 Hab. In umbrosis ins. S^ Jacobi, (J. Dalton Hooker, spec. 
 
 duo florida et fructifera cum sequente sub eodem numera 
 
 commixta.) 
 
 It is not without much hesitation that I introduce the 
 present species here ; but I cannot find any perceptible 
 difference between the two specimens named above, and 
 others from India, under the same name, sent either by 
 Roxburgh or Wallich to Lambert. Our plant may perhaps 
 prove not distinct from the H. long'ifolia, Schum., a little 
 known species. From the following it differs, not only 
 in having its peduncles two-flowered, but likewise by its 
 much larger fruit and the wider lanceolate teeth of its calyx, 
 which are more subulate at their apex. 
 
 101. Hedyotis (Oldenlandia) corymbosa, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 274. 
 DC. Prodr. 4 p. 426.--Ic. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 212. /. 1. 
 ex DC. I. c. 
 
 Hab. In locis umbrosis circa Portum Praya, ins. S. Jacobi, 
 {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 172. Nov. 1839, sp. fructifera.) 
 Christian Smith cites in his catalogue (Tuck. voy. p. 252) 
 
 the Hed. Capensis : no specimen, however, of this plant is 
 
 found in his herbarium at the British Museum, (/. Dalton 
 
 Hooker in litt.) 
 
 102. Hedyotis (Oldenlandia) i7r^«^a,Willd. Sp.Pl.l.p. 567. 
 DC. Prodr. 4. p. 425. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 103. Hedyotis (Kohautia) stricta, Smith in Rees Cycl. 17. 
 n. 21. DC. Prodr. 4. jo. 430. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. (Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 133 
 
 104. Borreria Kohautiana, Cham, et Schlect. in Limusa, 1828. 
 p. 311. DC. Prodr. 4. p, 541. Sperraacoce verticillata, 
 Linn. Sp. PL p. 148. quoad plantam Africanam Chr. Smith 
 I. c. p. 249. (ex cl. /. D. Hooker in litt.)— Ic. Dill. Hort. 
 Elth. t. 277. f. 358. 
 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypii, {Forbes, n. 1. die 1 April, 1822, 
 spec, fructifera.) In campis apertis ins. eadem, fruticulus 
 parvus, floribus albis capitatis. (/. Dalton Hooker, n. 174. 
 Nov. 1839, sp. florida et fruct.) 
 
 Spermacoce " diversi generis videtur," Chr. Smith, 1. c. 
 p. 249, (in herbario suo deest J. D. Hooker, in litt.) 
 
 105. Mitracarpum* /S'ewe^a/ew^e, DC. Prot^r. 4. JO. 572. Stau- 
 rospermura verticillatura, Thonn. ex Schum. Act. Hafn. 2. 
 ;?. 93. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 106. Galium Aparine, Linn. y. scaberrimum, Webb, Phyt. 
 Can. 2. p. 183. G. hispidum, TVilld. Enum. 1. p. 154. G. 
 scaberrimum, Hornem. Hort. Hafn. \.p. 135. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 107. Galium rotundifolium, Linn. var. villosum, Webb, Phyt. 
 Can. 2. p. 185. G. rotundifolium, a. Linn. Sp. PI. 1. p. 
 156. G. hirsutum, Nees, et Bach. Hor. phys. Ber. p. 113. 
 G. Neesianum, Req. in DC. Prodr. 4. p. 600. — Ic. Bocc. 
 Sice. t. 9. f. 1. Moris. Hist. 2. s. 9. t. 21. /. 3. Barr. Ic. 
 304. Nees, /. c. t. 22. 
 
 Hab. Prope apicem Montis Gurdo, ins. S. Nicolai, {Forbes, 
 d. 30 Martii, 1822, spec, florida cum fructu juniore.) 
 
 XXVIII. Globularie^, DC. 
 
 108. Globularia amygdalifolia, Webb ; caule fruticoso, follis 
 lanceolatis ovato-lanceolatisque in petiolum brevem atte- 
 nuatis 1-nerviis divaricato-nervulosis, capitulis ad apicem 
 ramulorum axillari1)us approximatis subumbellatis, pe- 
 dunculis folio vix brevioribus pilosis, bracteis paucis 
 oblongis distantibus, involucri squamis oblongis acutis 
 ciliatis, calycis tubulosi dentibus basi lanceolatis apice 
 
 * Mitracarpum, sed non bene, scripsit generis cl. auctor. 
 
134 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 subulatis ciliatis bracteola sublongioribus, corolla3 calycem 
 paullo excedentis labio superiore subnullo inferiore trifido 
 laciniis linearibus, genitalibus corollce longitudine vel 
 breviter exsertis. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 This plant approaches very nearly the G. salicifolia, Lamck. 
 but differs in the shape of its leaves, in the length of its 
 peduncles, in the form of the teeth of the calyx, and its 
 much shorter stamens and style. In none of the speci- 
 mens from Madeira, or from the Canary Islands, is there any 
 approximation towards the Cape de Verd plant : this identity 
 of form is so remarkable that I am induced to consider it 
 specifically different. 
 
 XXIX. Composite, Jiiss. 
 
 109. Vernonia cinerea, Less. inLinncea, 1829, p. 291. et 1831, 
 ji. 673. DC. Prodr. 5. ^j. 24. Conyza cinerea, Linn. Sp. PL 
 p. 1208. Chrysocoma violacea, Schum. PL Guin. 158, ex 
 DC— Ic. Pluk. Phyt. t. 243./. 3. Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 14. 
 /. 1. Burm. Thes. ZeyL t. 9Q>.f. 1. 
 
 Hab. In campis Gossypio consitis ad sinum Tarrafal, ins. 
 S. Antonii, {Forbes, n. 10. die 2 April. 1822.) In vallibus 
 umbrosis ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 200. Nov. 
 3 839.) In cultis ins. S. Antonii, {Th. Voyel, n. 35. Jun. 
 1841.) Spec, omnia florida et fructifera. 
 
 110. Erigeron mn'mw, Webb ; suffrutex, ramis divaricatis vel 
 rectis pubescentibus, foliis ovatis lanceolatis oblongisve 
 dentato-serratis serraturis apiculatis utrinque pubescenti- 
 bus in petiolum brevem basi attenuatis, panicula laxa vel 
 conferta, pedicellis filiformibus hispidis, capitulis parvis, 
 involucri squamis linearibus pubescentibus, pappo rufo 
 denticulate, ligulis brevissimis discum baud superantibus 
 2-3-dentatis, florum hermaphroditorum styli ramis lineari- 
 lanceolatis acutis. 
 
 Hab. Passim in ins. S. Nicolai, forma major, foliis ovatis, 
 {Forbes, n. 36. die 27 Martii, 1822.) In ins. S. Antonii, forma 
 eadem sed panicula valde conferta {Forbes, sine n.) In ins. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 135 
 
 S. Vincentii, a medio ad apicem Montis Verede, {TJi. Vogel, 
 n. 48 et n. 49, forma parva, foliis oblongis.) In ins. S. 
 Antonii, {Th. Vogel, n. 9. foliis fere linearibus apice tantum 
 dentatis, capitulis minimis.) 
 
 111. Conyza. pannosa, Wehh; caule lignescente erecto piloso, 
 ramis junioribus setosis, foliis ovatis obtusis grosse crenato- 
 dentatis inferioribus petiolatis superioribus basi attenuatis 
 sessilibus dentibus usque ad caulem protractis, panicula 
 corymboso-cymosa, pedunculis pedicellisque hirsuto-pube- 
 scentibus, involucri squamis linearibus vel lineari-lanceo- 
 latis apice apiculatis margine scariosis glabrescentibus 
 pappo rufulo subscabro brevioribus, floribus radii foemineis 
 filiformibus, corolla apice minutissima denticulata denticulis 
 insequalibus, stigmate corollam duplo excedente, antberis 
 acutis ecaudatis, styli ramis lanceolatis dorso papillosis, 
 achaenio sub-complanato ad peripherium papilloso parce 
 piloso albido. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii ad partem tertium superiorum 
 Montis Verede, ubi copiosissima, {Vogel, n. 52. Jun. 1841. 
 spec, fructifera et florifera.) 
 
 112. Conyza odontoptera, Webb ; caule elato tenuiter pube- 
 scente cum ramis per totara longitudinem alls runcinato- 
 dentatis, foliis oblongis dentatis acutis glanduloso-puberulis, 
 panicula racemosa patula, capitulis amplis, involucro pauci- 
 seriali squamis linearibus acutis punctulato-glandulosis, 
 receptaculo piano punctulato nudo, pappo albido sub- 
 scabro, floribus radii plurimis filiformibus denticulato- 
 truncatis, disci S-dentatis, stylo papilloso, achenio4-angulo 
 subcompresso. 
 
 Hab. In herb. Mus. reg. Par. sp., floridum et fruct. 
 
 Though this species has all the appearance of the section 
 Pterocaul(B of the genus Blumea, and comes near thei?. odo7i- 
 toptera (male Pterodonta) of De Candolle, its anthers, entirely 
 without Cauda or appendices, necessitate its being placed in 
 the genus Conyza. These artificial sections, however, of 
 very similar plants, require revision. 
 
 113. Phagnalon melanoleiicum, Webb; fruticulus, ramis te- 
 
136 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 nuibus incurvis tomento pannoso albo vestitis, foliis 
 alternis lanceolatis majoribus ssepe poUicaribus 4 fere lin. 
 latis margine revoluta undulata in petiolum brevem atte- 
 nuatis, junioribus ssepe in axillis fasciculatis supra tomento 
 albo araneoso deciduo tectis mox atrovirescentibus subtus 
 albo-tomentosis, pedunculis ad apicem ramorum vel in 
 axillis supremis vel oppositifoliis solitariis vel geminatis 
 2-3-chotomis filiformibus tomentosis apice nudis, involucri 
 campanulati glaberrimi nigrescentis squamis 5-serialibus 
 exterioribus ovatis mediis oblongis interioribus linearibus 
 margine scariosis denticulatis apiculatis, capitulis pauci- 
 floris heterogamis, floribus omnibus tubulosis, foemi- 
 neis pluriserialibus filiformibus 5-dentatis, stylo exserto 
 ramis elongatis obtusis, hermaphroditis sub 8 campanu- 
 latis glabriusculis, antheris basi attenuatis ecaudatis, styli 
 ramis exsertis superne claviformibus apice subtruncatis 
 stigmatoso-papillosis, receptaculo angusto, acheniis oblongis 
 subcompressis erostris, pappo albo pilosiusculo florura 
 foemineorum 3-4-setoso hermaphroditum 5-setoso. — Ic. 
 (Tab. IX.) Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 759. 
 
 Hab. In Monte Ve^'ede, ins. S. Vincentii, ultra alt. 1000 ped. 
 usque ad apicem, {T/i. Vogel, n. 37. Junio 1841, spec, 
 florida et fructifera.) 
 
 Tab. IX. Fig. \. hermaphrodite ;/. 2. female flower, both 
 magnified. 
 
 114. Phagnalon luridum, Webb; fruticulus lignosus durus 
 multirameus foliosus, ramis fuscis nigrisque striatis supe- 
 rloribus gracilibus tomento parco fusco indutis, foliis alternis 
 lineari-lanceolatis basi attenuatis saepe 2-pollicaribus 2-3 
 lin. latis inferioribus petiolatis petiolo tenui margine re- 
 volutis eroso-dentatis, junioribus pube fusco-cinerea parca 
 obsitis demum glabratis lucidis nigris, pedunculis termi- 
 nalibus 2-3-chotomis filiformibus nigris junioribus fusco- 
 puberulis apice parce squamigeris, involucro turbinato- 
 campanulati glaberrimi nigrescentis squamis scariosis 
 inferioribus ovato-oblongis mediis lineari-oblongis inte- 
 rioribus linearibus angustissimis acutis apice subfimbriato- 
 
SPICILEGI.\ GORGONEA. 137 
 
 ciliatis, capitulis paucifloris heterogamis, floribus foemineis 
 pluriserialibus filiformibus apice setoso-denticulatis styli 
 ramis elongatis setaceis obtusis, hermaphroditis paucis 
 cylindraceo-campanulatis laciniis glabris acutis stylo sub- 
 exserto ramis cylindraceis apice subclavatis truncatis stig- 
 matoso-papillosis, receptaculo piano foveolato, acheniis ova- 
 to-oblongis compressiusculis erostris pilosis, pappo albo 
 superne scaberulo fl. foem. 2-3-setoso herm. 5-setoso. 
 Hab. In Monte Verede, ins. S. Vincentii, ultra alt. 1000 ped. 
 {Vogel, n. 51. Junio 1811, spec, fructifera et quodam 
 florida.) 
 
 115. Pluchea ovalis, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 450. Pers. Syn. 2. 
 p. 424. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii, ubi austrum et favonium spectat 
 ad alt. 500 circiter pedum, frutex ramosus 2-3-pedalis, 
 {Vogel, n. 45. Junio 1841, spec, florida et fructifera.) 
 
 116. Inula (Limbarda) leptoclada, Webb; caule erecto, 
 ramis gracilibus, pilis crispulis superne hirtulis fuscis, foliis 
 distantibus oblongis lingulatis acutis basi auritis semi- 
 amplexicaulibus margine dentatis pubescentibus dentibus 
 quandoque subobsoletis, capitulis ad apicem ramulorum 
 confertis subcymosis, pedunculis filiformibus, foliis minimis 
 stipatis, involucri squamis anguste linearibus acuminatis 
 glanduloso-puberulis, receptaculo subplano, floribus om- 
 nibus hermaphroditis, radii 3-dentatis aliquando subligu- 
 latis, disci 5 -dentatis, dentibus brevibus ovatis subacutis, 
 genitalibus inclusis, styli ramis brevibus, antheris 2-setis, 
 acheniis (immaturis) cylindraceis leviter apice constrictis 
 hirsutis, pappo denticulate albo basi libero. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap, Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 Valde affinis est sp. nostra plantas ^thiopicae a cl. Kotschyo 
 olim lectoe (1839 — 38, n. 26), sed folia habet raagis denti- 
 culata, ramos decumbentes, capitula in paniculo laxiore 
 disposita, involucri squamis loevioribus, acheniis compres- 
 siusculis et sub apice vix ac ne vix constrictis. PuUcariam 
 quoque Arabicam refert sed pappus duplex et aliee a Pull- 
 caria notae differentiales. 
 
138 SPICILEGIA CxORGONEA. 
 
 117. Pegolettia Senegalensis, Cass. Did. 38. p. 230. DC. 
 Prodr. 6. p. 481. Brunn. Ergehn. p. 97. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Salis^ {Brunner, 1. c.) 
 
 118. Francoeuria crispa, Cass. Diet, des Sc. Nat. p..4'i, 38 et 
 374. DC. Prodr. 5. p. 475. Schultz, Bip. in Phyt. Can. 2. 
 p. 222. Aster crispus, Forsk. Fl. JEg. Arab. p. 150. 
 Inula crispa, Pers. v. 2. j9. 450 (excl. syn. Vent.) Fran- 
 coeuria diffusa, Shuttleiv. in Brunner Ergebn. p. 72, — Ic. 
 Inula crispa, Del. ! Fl. d'Eg. t. 45. f. 2. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Salts planitiebus siccis {Forbes, n. 3, die 26 
 Maii, 1822). Provenit magna copia in lapidosis ins. Sal. 
 {Brunner, ms. in herb, nostro.) 
 
 Our plant, described by Shuttleworth as a distinct species, 
 is identical with the Senegambian specimens in the herb, of 
 Desfontaines, and of M. Gay, described by Cassini in the 
 Diet, des Sc. Nat. vol. 38, as F. crispa. It is undoubtedly 
 of stronger growth than the Egyptian plant: the capitules are 
 much larger; and, instead of being merely ciliated, the scales 
 of the involucrum are covered with down. This is likewise 
 the case with the Canarian specimens ; but their capitules 
 are not larger than those of the Egyptian plant ; and as after 
 a minute inspection of the inflorescence and fruit no other 
 tangible difference is discernible, this plant can scarcely be 
 considered specifically distinct. 
 
 119. Odontospermum, Neck. C. H. Schultz, Bip. in Phyt. 
 Can. 2. p. 231. 
 
 We formerly remarked to our friend and collaborator, 
 Dr. C. H. Schultz, of Deux Fonts, that Lessing, and after 
 him De Candolle, by adopting the errors of Moench, who 
 misunderstood the genus Asteriscus of Tournefort, and by 
 giving that name to the well assorted group called Nauplius 
 by Cassini, had been the unintentional cause of considerable 
 confusion. The Asteriscus of Tournefort belongs in reality 
 to the genus Pallenis, Cass. ; since from Buphthalmum spino- 
 sum, Li., its sole occupant, both the character and the figure 
 of that genus were taken by him ; to which he appended two 
 other species, Buph. maritimum and aquaticum, which do not 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 139 
 
 accord either with the character or figure of his genus. One 
 of these was unadvisedly considered by Moench to constitute 
 the Tournefortian genus, and to it he attaches the name and 
 cites the figure of that author. Dr. Schultz adopted our 
 views and has shewn besides that the Odontospermum of 
 Necker, composed of the two species wrongly appended by 
 Tournefort to his genus Asteriscus, is identical with Nauplius, 
 and not with Borrichia as De Candolle imagined. 
 
 It might have been preferable to retain the names of 
 Cassini for genera he has so well defined ; but the question 
 having been once mooted and more ancient names erro- 
 neously applied, the law of priority must now be fully carried 
 out. Pallenis, Cass, must reassume its name of Asteriscus, 
 Tourn., and Nauplius that of Odontospermum and the two 
 genera will stand thus : 
 Asteriscus, Tourn. non Moench, nee Less., nee DC. Pallenis, 
 
 Cass. 
 Odontospermum, Neck. Asteriscus, Moench, Less. DC, non 
 Tourn. Nauplius, Cass. 
 
 We here give three new species of the latter genus. The 
 first, 0. Smithii, resembles so closely in appearance the 
 O. sericeum, C. H. Sch. Bip. as to be easily taken for it ; but 
 the pappus and the teeth of the corolla are perfectly distinct. 
 The second, O. Daltoni, has very much the aspect of 0. inter- 
 medium, ejusd. ; the third, O. Vogelii, that of some forms of 
 O. stenophyllum, ejusd. ; but they are in reality quite different 
 plants. 
 
 120. Odontospermum Smithii, Webb ; fruticulus robustus, 
 ramis crassis fuscis, foliorum cicatriculis rugulosis juniori- 
 bus sericeo-albidis, foliis latis ad apicem ramorum con- 
 gestis spathulato-lanceolatis in petiolum dilatatura atte- 
 nuatis sericeis albis, involucri foliolis spathulatis, interiori- 
 bus oblongis basi concretis, capitulis amplis, floribus exte- 
 rioribus ligulatis, ligulis elongatis apice 3-dentatis, denti- 
 bus ovatis acutis, floribus disci tubo cylindraceo medio 
 constricto basi coriaceo albido laciniis lanceolatis acutius- 
 culis subtus papillosis membrana marginali destitutis. 
 
140 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 antlieris basi caudatis caudis laceris, styli raniis elongato- 
 lanceolatis, fl. radii acheniis triquetris angulis pubescen- 
 tibus, pappo illic sublongiore, disci 4-angulatis, pappo 
 eequali paleis achenia amplectentibus concavis (^orso cari- 
 natis carina denticulata superne hirsutis apice in setam 
 fuscam productis. 
 Had. In rupibus ins. S. Nicholai (Forbes). 
 
 121. Odontospermum Daltoni, Webb ; fruticulus erectus, 
 ramis virgatis dichotomis inferioribus rufis superioribus 
 pubescenti-hirtis subalbidis, foliis sparsis distantibus li- 
 neari-spathulatis in petiolum longiusculum sensim atte- 
 nuatis, involucri oblongi squarais exterioribus basi atque 
 interioribus totis inter se concretis, capitulis mediocribus, 
 floribus exterioribus ligulatis, ligulis linearibus apice 
 breviter ovato S-dentatis, disci tubulosis, tubo cylindraceo 
 superne constricto laciniis lanceolatis acutis margine mem- 
 brana denticulato-fimbriata auctis, antheris basi caudatis, 
 caudis breviusculis basi sublaceris, styli ramis spathulatis 
 obtusiusculis, acheniis setosis, ligularum triquetris, pappo 
 setaceo vix denticulate subsequali ad angulos vix longiore, 
 paleis achenia amplectentibus concavis dorso acutis integris, 
 apice glabellis denticulatis obtusiusculis cum acumine. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus sinus Tarrafal ins. S. Anionli [Forbes, 
 die 2 April. 1822, sp. juniora florida). In collibus alt. 
 1000 ad 2000 ped. que vallem S. Dominici obvallant in ins. 
 S. Jacobi (J. D. Hooker, n. 201, November, 1839, sp. fl. 
 et fructifera.) 
 
 122. Odontospermum Voyel'd, Webb ; fruticulus difFusus, 
 ramis dichotomis albis, foliis sparsis lineari-spathulatis in 
 petiolum attenuatis utrinque sericeis, capitulis parvis ovatis, 
 involucri squamis lanceolatis imbricato-appressis inter se 
 concretis. 
 
 Var. ^, Darwini, foliis elongato-linearibus confertis, capitulis 
 majoribus rotundatis, corollae dentibus hirsutioribus ligulis 
 longiusculis valde papillosis breviter et acute dentatis. 
 
 Flares disci tubulosi, tubo cylindraceo medio vix constricto 
 basi crasso colorato, laciniis lanceolatis obtusiusculis mem- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 141 
 
 brana margine subintegerrima auctis. Anthe?'^ breviter 
 caudatse, caudis basi laceris. Styli rami ovato-claviformes 
 obtusi. Achenia exteriora 3-quetra pappo ad angulos 
 multo longiore, disci 4-gona, striata, subglabra, ad angulos 
 setosa. Pappus setaceo-paleaceus, basi dilatatus, distans, 
 brevis, seta unica ad angulum internum longe producta. 
 PalecB achenia amplectentes concavae, apice acutee setoso- 
 hirtse dorso carinatse, carina fimbriata. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii {Forbes, n. 2. die 1 Aprilis, 1822, 
 sp. unicum floridum.) Inter rupes Montis Verede, ins. 
 >S. Vincentii ab alt. 800 circiter ped. usque ad cacumen. 
 ' Fruticulus pulcher, ramis decumbentibus, ramulis arrectis.' 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 46 et 80. Junio, 1841, sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 /S. Da?'wini, in ins. S. Jacobi {Darwin, sp. florida.) 
 
 123. Blainvillea Gayana, Cass! Diet. 47. p. 90. DC. Prodr. 
 5.J9. 492. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus ins. S. Jacobi vulgaris {J. D. Hooker, 
 
 n. 182. November, 1839, sp. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 Cassini, in his description of this plant (1. c. p. 91), says 
 that the pappus is formed of three squamules, between which 
 there exist some rudiments of smaller imperfect squamellules. 
 The fact is that the pappus is biserial, the exterior composed 
 of two or three aristae continuous with the nerves of the 
 angles of the achenium, the interior shorterj of many aristae 
 fringing the margin of the disk {puivillus, Cass.), which 
 surrounds the base of the corolla and nectarium. This 
 latter organ is slightly elongated in the form of a beak, more 
 so indeed in this species, than in any other of the genus. 
 
 124. Zinnia pauciflora, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1269. Rudbeckia 
 foliis oppositis hirsutis ovato-acutis, Zinn. hort. G(stt. 
 p. 409. Zinnia lutea, Gcertn. 2. p. 459. — Ic. Zinn. L c. 
 t. 1. Gaertn. /. c. t, 172. 
 
 Var. /S. multiflora. Zinnia multiflora, Uvnn. Sp. PL p. 1269.— 
 Ic. Linn. fil. Dec. t. 12. 
 
 Hab. Var. a. in ins. S. Jacobi {Darwin). Var. /S. ad apicem 
 coUis alt. 2000 ped> in valle S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi 
 (/, D. Hooker, n. 206. November, 1839. sp. flor. et fruct.) 
 
142 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Ambse ut credibile est formae cum Tagete patula, Linn, 
 ex hortis urbanis olim erant transfugee et nunc e civibus 
 Americanis Africse metoecee factee sunt. 
 
 125. Sclerocarpus Africanus, Jacq. Act. helv. 9. (1786) p. 31. 
 DC. Prodr. 5. p. 566.— Ic. Jacq. l. c. t. 2. f. 1. et Ic. rar. 
 
 1. t. 176. 
 
 Hab. In petrosis ins. S. Jacohi {J. D. Hooker, n. 183. Nov. 
 1839. sp. fruct.) In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 sp. florifera. 
 
 126. Bidens bipinnata, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1166. DC. Prodr. 5. 
 p, 603.— Ic. Moris. Hist. s. 6. /. 7. /. 23. Herm. Parad. 
 t, 123. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 127. Viidens pilosa, Linn. C. H. Schultz. Bip. in Phyt. Can. 
 
 2. p. 212. 
 
 Var. a. radiata, C. H. Sch. Bip. I. c. Coreopsis leucantha, 
 Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1282. Bidens leucantha, Willd. Sp. PL 3. 
 p. 1719. DC. Prodr. 5. p. 598. Bru7m. Ergebn. p. 26. 
 
 Var. yS. discoidea, C. H. Sch. Bip. L c. Bidens pilosa, Linn. 
 Sp. PL p. 1166. Willd. Sp. PL V. S. p. 1719. DC. Prodr. 5. 
 p. 1597. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi vulgatissima, ubi achenia uncis armata 
 ambulantibus mense Novembre valde niolesta (J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 201. Nov. 1839, sp. florida et fruct. discoidea, unicum 
 radiatum). In ins. S. Vincentii et S. Antonii (Th. Vogel,) 
 spec, discoidea et radiata in speciminibus autem Viriden- 
 tibus radius et quasi exstincturus nee pulchre et conspicue 
 explicatus ut in Canariensibus et Maderensibus. 
 
 128. Tagetes patula, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1249. DC. Prodr. 5. 
 p, 613.— Ic. Dod. Pemph. p. 255. Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 279. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi [Darivin). In planitie Porto Prayensi 
 {J. D. Hooker, n. 205. Junio, 1839, specimina florifera). 
 
 129. Artemisia (Absinthium) Gorgonum, Webb ; caule fru- 
 tescente, ramis robustis fulvo-tomentosis, foliis flavide 
 tomentosis, supra sulcatis subtus 1-nerviis 2-3-pinnati- 
 partitis, pinnis latis oblongis versus apicem 3-5-dentato- 
 lobatis, paniculis thyrsoideis, capitulis raediocribus nutan- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 143 
 
 tibus, involucri squamis late ovatis apice rotundatis 
 margine scariosis laceris dorso leviter tomentosis, recep- 
 taculi convex! setis brevibus latis acutis, floribus glabris 
 tubulosis laciniis lanceolatis acutis, radii paucis foernineis, 
 disci hermaphroditis, genitalibus inclusis, antheris oblongis 
 apice longe acuminatis acutissimis loculis basi subacutis, 
 styli ramis truncatis apice breviter et parce papilloso-peni- 
 cellatis. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {3Ius. reg. Par.) 
 Ramis robustis, involucri squamis, corollte antherarum et 
 stigmatum forma, ab affini A. Canariensi differt. Generis 
 borealis conturmalis extremus sequinoctii eestus subit. 
 
 130. Gnaphalium luteo-fuscum, Webb ; herbaceum, totum 
 albido-tomentosum, radice lignescente nigro, foliis infe- 
 rioribus spathulatis petiolatis superioribus oblongis apice 
 spathulatis sessilibus subamplexicaulibus obtusiusculis, 
 capitulis coryraboso-cymosis heterogamis, floribus foernineis 
 multiserialibus, hermaphroditis paucis, involucri squamis 
 scariosis glabris acutissimis fusco-luteis demum sordide 
 fuscis, acheniis nigris ovatis costatis glabris. 
 
 Hab. In petrosis supra medium Montis Verede ins. S. Vin- 
 centii {Vogel, n. 38. 55. 56. Junio, 1841, sp. florida et 
 fructifera.) 
 
 131. Gnaphalium luteo-album, L. Sp. PL 1196. DC. Prodi'. 6. 
 p. 230.— Ic. Engl. Bot. t. 1003. Fl. Dan. t. 1763. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus umbrosis ins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, n. 26. 
 die 27 Martii, 1822) et in arvis Gossypinis sinus Tarrafal 
 ins. ;S^. Antonii (Id. n. 5, die 2 ApriUs, 1822, spec, florida.) 
 
 132. Centaurea Melitensis, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1297. Var. a. 
 conferta, C. H. Schultz, Bip. Phyt. Can. 2. p. 360. — Ic. 
 Bocc. PL sic. et MeL t. 35. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) Spec, flori- 
 dum. 
 
 133. ^chm'idtin fai'inulosa, Webb; caule fruticoso brevi crasso, 
 foliis lanceolatis et lineari-lanceolatis sessiUbus margine 
 sparse dentatis apice attenuatis integerrimis cum panicula 
 juniore tomento albo deciduo farinoso coronata, panicula 
 
144 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 brevi subumbelliformi nuda squamigera, involucri squamis 
 exterioribus brevissimis, interioribus filiformibus glabres- 
 centibus margine scariosis, acheniis turbinatis costulatis 
 subpapillosis, pappo 4-5-setoso, squamulis iutermediis 
 plurimis interjectis. 
 Hab. In summo cacumine Montis Verede ins. S. Vincentii 
 [Th, Vogel, n. 53. Junio, 1841, spec. 2. florifera et fructi- 
 fera) . 
 
 134. Urospermum picroides, Desf. Cat. hort. Par. ed. 1. 
 p. 90. DC. Prodr. 7. p. 116. Tragopogon picroides, L. 
 Sp. PL 1111.— Ic. Lamck. ///. t. 640./. 3. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 135. Lactuca nudicautis, Murr. N. comm. Goett. 3. p. 74. 
 C. H. Schultz, Bip. in Linruea, \h.p. 725. Chondrilla nudi- 
 caulis, Linn. Mant. p. 278. Microrbynchus nudicaulis, Less. 
 Syn.p. 139. DC. Prodr. 7. p. 180. excl. var. /S.— Ic. Murr. 
 I. c. t. 4. 
 
 Hab. In saxosis ins. S. Jacohi [J. D. Hooker, n. 202. Nov. 
 
 1839. spec, fructifera.) 
 
 Dr. Schultz rightly observes that the original M. nudi- 
 caulis, Less, is a mere section of Lactuca, distinguished 
 solely by its achenia having a beak shorter than in the 
 other species. We shall show hereafter that the remaining 
 species, placed by DC. in this genus, together with his variety 
 /3. of the original species, belong to the genus Rhabdotheca, 
 Cass. Microrhynchus therefore must be entirely abandoned. 
 
 136. Sonchus oleraceus, a. et /S. Linn. Sp. PL p. 1110. 
 Sonchus oleraceus, Koch, Syn. {ed. 2.) 2. p. 497. — Ic. 
 Hayne, Arzjieigen, t. 48. 
 
 Hab. Ad apicem montis cujusdam in valle S. Dominici ins. 
 S. Jacobi (J. D. Hooker, n. 203. Nov. 1839, spec, fructi- 
 ferum) in cultis ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 500 ped. {Th. 
 Vogel, n. 08. sp. flor.) et in cultis ins. S. Antonii {Th. 
 Vogel, n. 30. sp. fructiferum, Junio, 1841.) 
 
 137. Sonchus Daltoni, Webb ; caule brevi crasso lignoso 
 apice foliosissimo, foliis anguste lanceolatis apice atte- 
 nuatis runcinato-lobatis lobis latis rotundatis denticulatis 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 145 
 
 glabris utrinque viridibus, petiolo basi iacrassato coriaceo 
 amplexicauli, caulinis oblongis acutis basi in appendicem 
 rotundato-cordiformem aniplexicaulem dilatatis, inflores- 
 centia unibelliformi, capitulis rotundatis, iavolucri ovatO' 
 rliomboidei squamis acutis glabris margine minutissime 
 denticulatis. 
 
 Sonchum congestum, Link, refert sed involucri squamae valde 
 diversse. — Ic. Tab. nost. X. 
 
 Docto atque indefesso Josepbo Dalton Hooker orbem An- 
 tarcticam jam visuro ejusque floram illustraturo stirpem 
 inter primas quas Britannia relicta compulit sacram dica- 
 tamque voluimus. 
 
 Hab. In cacumine coUis abrupti alt. 1500 ped. in valle 
 S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 199. Nov. 
 1839) et in ins. S. Vincentii copiosus ad apicem Montis 
 Verede {Th. Vogel, Junio, 1841. sp. flor.) 
 
 Tab. X. Fig, 1. floret ; /. 2. achsenium : — both magnified. 
 
 Rhabdotheca, Cass. 
 
 Great confusion has all along existed in the classification 
 of the plants attributed by DC. to the genus Microrhynchus, 
 founded originally by Lessing on the second species of 
 Lomatolepis, Cass. viz. L. {Chondrilla, L.) nudicaulis, Cass. To 
 the genus thus constituted by Lessing from this single plant, 
 De Candolle appended in his first section three others, 
 Sonchits divaricatus, Desf,, as a mere var. of M. nudicaults, 
 Less., (we made the same mistake in the //. Hisp.), M. patens, 
 DC. and M. asplenifoHus, ejusd. The original M. nudi- 
 caulis, and perhaps M. patens, alone truly belong to the 
 genus. M. nudicaults, yS divaricatus {S. divar. Desf.) is in 
 reality a very distinct species, in which, as in the cognate 
 species, M. asplenifoHus, the pappus is entirely sessile, there 
 being at no time any appearance of beak either in the ovary 
 or fruit. These plants, therefore, require to be removed from 
 their present position ; and we must see to what genus they 
 can be conveniently attached. 
 
 The first was erroneously supposed by De Candolle 
 
 L 
 
146 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 to be the plant described by Cassini as his Rhnbdotheca 
 sonchoides. He was led astray probably by the article itself 
 of the Diet,, in which the genus Rhabdotheca is described ; 
 M'here the author says that the plant on which it is founded 
 was ticketed S. divaricatus in the herbarium of M. Gay. 
 By an inspection, however, of the plant itself, I find it to 
 be the Sonchus chondrilloides, Desf. [Zollikoferia chondril- 
 loides of DC), and it is the type of his genus Zollikqferia, 
 as well as of the more ancient genus Rhabdotheca, Cass. 
 This latter name must therefore prevail. Under this genus 
 1 consider that our present plants ought to be placed. It is 
 distinguished from Sonchus, by its aspect approaching more 
 to that of the Lactucece than the Sonchece, by its capitulum 
 not swelled at the base, by the scales of the involucrum being 
 usually bordered by a wide scarious margin, the outer ones 
 remarkably shorter, and by its tetragonal or rarely sub-5- 
 gonal, sharp or rounded, not compressed achenia, rarely 
 though sometimes attenuated towards the summit or base, 
 and more or less papillated or scabrous. The following are the 
 species which compose the genus Rhabdotheca thus considered. 
 
 R. chondrilloides, — R. sonchoides, Cass., Zollikoferia chon- 
 drilloides, DC, and probably likewise his second species 
 Rhabdotheca {Zollikoferia) pumila. 
 
 R. divaricata, — Sonchus divaricatus, Desf. Ann. Mus. 2. 
 p. 212. t. 46. M. nudicaulis, Webb, It. Hisp. excl. syn. non 
 Less. Microrhynchus nudicaulis, ^ divaricatus, DC. 
 
 R. asplenifolia ! — Prenanthes asplenifolia, Willd. Mici'or- 
 hynchus asplenifolius, DC 
 
 To these I add two new species and the Sonchus spinosus, 
 DC, which cannot remain with the section Atalanthus of 
 Sonchus where De Candolle has placed it, with which it has 
 so little affinity. Its capitulum, achenia, and general aspect, 
 approach much more closely those of our present group ; 
 though its admission renders the genus less uniform. 
 138. Rhabdotheca picridioides, Webb ; caule basi suffru- 
 
 tescente foliorum cicatricibus superne annulato apice sub- 
 
 rosulato-folioso, foliis oblongis in petiolum basi dilatatum 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 147 
 
 amplexicaulem angustatis apice rotundato-obtusis margine 
 spinulosis glaberrimis, scapo longissimo terminali tereti 
 striato glabro fusco apice vel rarius per totam longitudinem 
 ex axillis squamaruin floriferis, iuflorescentia subramosa, 
 pedicellis squamis sessilibus ovatis acutis margine undu- 
 lato-scariosis cum involucro continuis dense obsitis, invo- 
 lucri squamis inferioribus brevissimis conformibus ovato- 
 lanceolatisque interioribus elongatis subscariosis capitulum 
 cylindraceum efFormantibus, flosculis inferne pilosis, antheris 
 basi caudatis, pappo pluriseriali exteriore simplici interiore 
 denticulate, acheniis elongatis 4-gonis angulis obtusis apice 
 vix attenuatis interioribus sublaevibus exterioribus squa- 
 moso-scabridis. — Ic. Tab. nostr. XI. 
 The achenia of this species are somewhat longer than those 
 
 of the original R. diondrilloides, with the angles blunt, or as 
 
 Cassini expresses it subcylindraceous ; but the granulation is 
 
 nearly the same. 
 
 Hab. In fissuris rupium ins. S. Nicolai, {Forbes, n. 34. die 
 27 Martii, 1822, spec, florida et fruct.) In Monte Verede 
 ins. S. Vincentii ab alt. 1000 ped. usque ad apicem [Th. 
 Vogel, n. 43. 44. Junio, 1841 spec, florifera et fruct.) 
 To this species the description of another, though not 
 
 within the province of our Flora, may be appended.* 
 
 Tab. XI. Fig. 1. floret; /. 2. ach senium : — both magnified. 
 
 139. Rhabdotheca spinosa, Webb ; " Thorny shrub sow- 
 thistle of Africa." Parkins, Theatr. p. 804. Prenanthes 
 spinosa, Forsk. Fl. Mg. Arab. p. 144, Brunner, Erg. p. 104. 
 Lactuca spinosa, Lamk. Encycl. 3. j). 408. Sonchus spi- 
 nosus, DC. Prodr. 7. p. 189. — Ic. Parkinson, /. c. Phytogr. 
 Can. 2. t. 125. 
 
 * Rhabdotheca Brunneri, Webb ; fruticulosa, ramis glabris horizontahbus, 
 foliis ramorum oblongo-linearibus linearibusque elongatis integerrimis, 
 inflorescentia corymbosa, pedicelli squamis ovatis, capitulis subcyhn- 
 draceis squamatis, involucri glabri foUolis exterioribus lanceolatis 
 anguste scariosis, acheniis 4-gonis elongatis apice baud attenuatis 
 angulis subacutis striatis interioribus dense squamulosis. — Sonchus 
 "ex ins. Sor et palude Limnutt," Brunn. Ergehn. p. 116. Sonchus an 
 Prenanthes ? ex siccis juxta paludem Limnutt ; ejusdem in herh. nostro ! 
 
 L 2 
 
148 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Hab. In siccis ins. Boa Vista {Brunner in scbedis herb, 
 nostri.) 
 
 Achenia queedam 4-gona, plura nunc obsolete nunc omnino 
 5-gona, angulis obtusiusculis, transverse rugulosis, spatio 
 inter angulos sulcato. — Planta est quoad ordinationem 
 difficilis neque Soncho nee Pi'enanthi uti nunc consti- 
 tuentur conjungenda, atque hue potius inter concives 
 Africanos facie et patria similes melius collocanda est, 
 quanquam achenia potius Sonchorum habeat virorum, sed 
 involucrum Rhabdothecce. 
 
 XXX. Campanulace^, Juss. 
 
 140. Campanula (Medium) Jacobcea, Chr. Smith, in Tuck. 
 Voy. p. 251. (Herb. Mus. Brit, ex /. D. Hooker) ; fruticu- 
 losa, caule noduloso lignescente cavo, ramis diffusis albidis 
 junioribus fuscis strigoso-hirtis foliosis, foliis spathulato- 
 ovalibus lanceolato-ovatis obtusiusculis strigoso-hirtis sub- 
 tus pallidis nervosis basi attenuatis caulinis breviter petio- 
 latis superioribus semiamplexicauhbus, calycis tubo brevi 
 cyathiformi laciniis anguste lanceolatis strigoso-ciliatis, 
 corolla campanulata tequali calycis laciniis 3-plo longiore, 
 iilamentis plano-filiformibus basi dilatatis glaberrimis, cap- 
 sula depressa, seminibus ovatis. Variat floribus coeruleis 
 albisve. — Ic. nost. tab. XII. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Nicolai fissuris rupium {Forbes, n. 35. die 
 27 Martii, 1822, spec, florida.) In ins. S. Antonu {Forbes, 
 n. 4. April, /8 alba spec, flor.) In rupibus collis acuti 
 Campanula sp. n. perpulchra in vallis /S. Dom., ins. S. 
 Jacobi ad alt. 2000 ped. {J. D. Hooker, November, 1839, 
 spec. flor. et fruct.) In monte Verede, ins. S. Vincentii 
 ah alt. 1500 ped. usque ad summitatem {Th. Vogel, n. 73. 
 Junio 1841, specimina adusta.) In ins. S. Jacobi {Darwin.) 
 
 Tab. XII. Fig. 1. stamen;/". 2. pistillum : — both magnified, 
 
 XXXI. Cyphiace^, D.C. 
 
 141. Cyphia Stheno, Webb; caule elongato sarmentoso 
 tenui flexuoso herbaceo glaberrimo vel superne parcissirae 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 149 
 
 piloso basi squamulato, foliis distantibus glabris sparsim 
 glanduloso-dentatis acutis inferioribus 3-angularibus, supe- 
 rioribus linearibus, floribus axillis foliorum sumraorura 
 solitariis pedicellatis, pedicello filiformi puberulo supra 
 medium bibracteolato, bracteolis lineari-spathulatis inte- 
 gerrimis vel denticulatis, calyce turbinate 5-fido, tubo 
 brevi inter costulas pubescente, laciniis tubo duplo lon- 
 gioribus lineari- oblongis obtusis infra medium laciniato- 
 dentatis glabratis, corolla calyce 3-plo longiore apice 
 purpurea subtus lutescente ultra medium tubulosa, tubo 
 leviter incurvo 2-labiato, laciniis agqualibus, 3 superioribus 
 arrectis lanceolatis acutis extus glabris pilis albidis pubes- 
 centibus venosis, petalis mox basi solutis, staminibus 5, 
 tubo corollse inserta subdimidio breviora, filamentis liberis 
 basi latioribus, superioribus apice pilosulis, stylo stamini- 
 bus breviore crasso glabro complanato stigmate simplici 
 rotundato sublaterali, ovulis a placentis ad apicem loculi 
 cujusque sitis pendulis. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 XXXII. AsCLEPIADEiE, JuSS. 
 
 142. Sarcostemma Dalloni, Dene. ; ramis teretibus aphyl- 
 lis, umbellis terminalibus, pedicellis glabris, corollee laciniis 
 ovatis ex oblique acuminatis glaberrimis, coron. staininea 
 exter. plicata sinubus subsequalibus obtusis, folior. coronas 
 inter, basin aequantibus, fol. coronas inter, rotundato-ovatis 
 gynostegio incumbentibus, stigmate pentagono medio ma- 
 milloso, folliculis lineari-lanceolatis glabris. Decaisne, MSS. 
 — Ic. Tab. nostra XIV. 
 
 Sarcostemma nudum, Chr. Smith, in Herb. Mus. Brit, (ex cl. 
 /. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Hab. Ad apicem co Ilium et in rupestribus maritimis \r\s. S. Ja- 
 cobi, " caulis baud volubilis" (/. D. Hooker, Nov. 1839, sp. fl. 
 et fruct.) Ibid. {Forbes, n. 11. die 5 Aprilis, 1822.) In 
 ins. S. Antonii (Th. Vogel, n. 22. Junio, 1841.) In ins. 
 S. Vincentii, " Asclepias, caule basi lignoso, ramis difFusis 
 teretibus viridibus procumbentibus vel pendulis. Latex 
 
150 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 albus, flores rari, folia nulla vel pauca marcida." [Th. 
 Vogel) 
 Tab. XIV. Fig. 1. flower; /. 2. corona: — both magnified. 
 
 143. Calotropis procera, R. Br. in Hort. Keio. ed, 2. p. 78. 
 Decaisne, in DC. Prodr. 8. p. 535. — Ic. Apocynum Syria- 
 cum, Clus. Hist. 2. p. 87. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1792.] 
 
 Hab. In insula parva Coturnicum Partus Praya, ins. S. Ja- 
 cobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 207. Nov. 1839.) Ibid. [Chr. Smith,) 
 in Herb. Mus. Brit, (ex cl. J. D. Hooker.) In ins. S. An- 
 tonii, {Th. Fo^e/, sine num.) 
 
 144. Periploca lavigafa, Hort. Kew. 1. p. 301. — Ic. Periploca 
 punicsefolia, Cav. Ic. 3. p. 91. t. 217. Periploca angusti- 
 folia, La Billard. Dec. 2. t. 7. Periploca rigida, Viv. PI. lib. 
 spec. t. G.f.f. 3. 4. h. 
 
 Had. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 XXXIII. Gentiane^e, Juss. 
 
 145. Erythreea ramosissima, Pers. Syn. 1. p. 283. " Cen- 
 taurium minus palustre ramosissimum, flore purpureo." 
 Vaill. Bot. Par. p. 32. Gentiana pulchella, Swartz, Act. 
 Holm. 1783.— Ic. Vaill. /. c. t. 6./. 1, Swartz, I. c. t. 3./. 8 
 et 9. Fl. Dan. t. 1637. Engl. Bot. t. 458. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacohi {Chr. Smith ex sp. Mus. Brit, a cl. 
 J. D. Hooker, viso.) 
 
 XXXIV. BlGNONIACE^E, JuSS. 
 
 146. Sesamuni radiatum, Schum. Guin. 282, ex DC. Sesa- 
 mopteris radiate, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 251. excl. syn. Endl. 
 Heudel. exsicc. Seneg. n. 547 ! 
 
 Nolo hue S. gracilis, Endl. iconem cum celeb. DC. adducere, 
 nam plantcE nostrse caulis nee gracilis, dense villosus nee 
 glaberrimus, folia nunquam trisecta aut glabra, calyx 
 corolla capsula hirsutissima. Caulis superne 4-gonus, pilis 
 crispis villosissimus, foliosus. Folia villoso-pubescentia, 
 subtus glaucescentia, inferiora rotundato- vel ovato-rhom- 
 boidea irregulariter et grosse dentata, superiora lanceolata 
 subintegerrima acuta. Calyx persistens laciniis lineari- 
 lanceolatis extus villosis. Corolla conspicua, purpurascens, 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 151 
 
 villosa. Capsula crassa 4-gona, pollicaris vel poUice brevior, 
 2 vel 2i lin. lata brevissime acuminata. Semina nigra, 
 testudinea, hinc plana illinc convexa, pyriformia, sulcis e 
 medio ad marginem radiantibus ornata. Testa Crustacea 
 per totum marginis peripherium in laminas binas quarum 
 altera plana, altera testudinis modo gibba, solubilis ; tegmen 
 chartaceum albescens, apice chalaza basi ]n\o notatum. 
 Cotyledones ovato-rotundatee, compressse, carnosee ; radicula 
 cotyledonibus triple brevior. 
 
 XXXV. CONVOLVULACE^, JuSS. 
 
 147. Rivea tilicefolia, Chois. Conv. Or. p. 25, et in DC. Prodr. 
 9. p. 325. Convolvulus tilieefolius, Desrouss. Encycl. 3. 
 p. 544. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii. "Caulis sarmentosus et volu- 
 bilis, ssepe quoque colitur tantum modo sicut visum est 
 ut sarmenta ad tecta straminis modo tegenda inserviant." 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 27. Junio, 1841, sp. florida). 
 
 148. Batatas panicidata, Chois. in DC. Prodr. 9. p. 339. a 
 lobata. Convolvulus paniculatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 223. 
 Ipomoea Mauritiana, Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. 11. p. 73. 
 Ipomoea gossypiifolia, Willd. enum. p. 208. Ipomoea pani- 
 culata, R. Br. Prodr. p. 486. Convolvulus roseus, KuntJi, 
 Syn. p. 222.— Ic. Jacq. /. c. t. 200. Ker, Bot. Mag. t. 62. 
 
 Hab. Ad dimidiura et inde ad apicem usque Montis Verede, 
 ins. S. Vincentii, caulis prostratus. {Th. Vogel, n. 64. 
 Junio, 1841, spec florida cum ramis aliis jam diu fructi- 
 feris.) 
 
 149. Batatas pentaphylla, Chois. Conv. Or. p. 54. et in DC. 
 Prodr. p. 339. Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or. p. 3. Convolvulus 
 pentaphyllus, Linn, Sp. PL p. 223. Ipomoea pilosa, Cav. 
 Ic. 4. p. 11.— Ic. Cav. /. c. t. 353. Jacq. /. c. t. 319. 
 Wight, /. c. t. 834. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus ins. S. Jacohi {J. D. Hooker, n. 138. 
 Nov. 1839, flores albi, spec, fructifera apice florida.) Ibid. 
 {Ckr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, ex cl. /. D. Hooker.) 
 
 150. Ipomcea Pes-caprce, Sweet, Hort. sub Lond. ed. 2. p. 289. 
 
152 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Cbois. in DC. Prodr. 9. p. 319. Convolvulus Pes-capree 
 et Convolvulus brasilianus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 226. Ipomoea 
 maritima et Ipomoea carnosa, R. Br. Prodr. p. 486. Con- 
 volvulus retusus, Coll. hort. nip. app. 3. /;. 31. — Ic. Ipomoea 
 maritima, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 319. Coll. I. c. t. 8. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi ad pagum Villa do Rio {Forbes, n. 10. 
 d. 5 April. 1822, spec, florida.) Ad littora ins. >S. Jacobi 
 frequens {Brunn. sp. flor. in herb, nostro.) Ibid. {Darwin, 
 sp. sine fl. et fruct.) In ins. S. Jacobi {Chr. Smith, in herb. 
 Mus, Brit, ex cl. J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 151. Ipomoea leucantha, Jacq. Coll. 2. p. 280. Chois. in DC. 
 Prodr. 9. p. 382. Convolvulus leucanthus, Desrouss. 
 Encycl. 2>. p. 541.— Ic. Jacq. Ic. rar. 2. /. 318. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus ins. S. Jacobi, flores dilute carnei 
 {J. D. Hooker, n. 137. November, 1839, spec, fructifera et 
 juniora florida.) 
 
 152. Ipomoea Coptica, Roth, n. sp. p. 110. Chois. in DC. 
 Prodr. 9. p. 384. Convolvulus copticus, Linn. Mant. 
 p. 559. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, {J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 161. Nov. 1839. spec. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 153. Ipomoea Cairica, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 222. (sub Convolvulo). 
 Ipomoea palm ata, Forsk. Fl. yEg. Arab. p. 43. — Ic. C. Bauh. 
 Prodr. p. 134. Moris, Hist. s. 1. t. 4./. 5. (cum ic a C. B. 
 mutuata.) Barrel. Ic. t. 319 (cum ic. eadem Bauhiniana) 
 et t. 320 (cum ic. propria). Convolvulus ^Egyptius, Vesling. 
 Obs. t. 74. Bot. Mag. 699. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker.) Ibid. {Chr. Smith, 
 in herb. Mus. Brit, ex cl. /. D. Hooker.) 
 
 154. Ipomoea sagittata, /3 diversifoha, Chois. in DC. Prodr. 9. 
 p. 372. Convolvulus diversifolius ! Vahl, MSS. in herb. 
 Desf. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) sp. unicum 
 
 sine flore et fructu. 
 
 The leaves of our plant are softly downy and the auricles 
 somewhat rounded at the point. It is perhaps distinct; but 
 in the absence of flower and fruit it is not possible to decide 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 153 
 
 this. The plant of Vahl has no hairs, like those of Desfon- 
 taines and Michaux ; but more than two species are probably 
 confounded under this name. 
 
 155. Ipomoea muricata, Ker, Bot. Reg. in notulis ad cole. v. 4. 
 Convolvulus muricatus, Linn. Mant. p. 44. I. bona-nox, 
 var. /3 purpurascens, Ker, Bot. reg. t. 290. Calonyction 
 speciosum, /3 muricatum, Chois. in DC. Prodr. 9. p. 345. 
 Notwithstanding the admonitory note of Linnaeus, repeated 
 
 by Ker, this plant is still referred by M. Choisy to his Calo- 
 nyction bona-noxj of which the /. muricata, Jacq. is really a 
 variety. Not so our plant ; if we rightly refer to this species, 
 on account of its annual stem and small capsules, a fragment 
 collected by Vogel, and of which there exists a specimen in 
 the herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 156. Evolvulus linifolius, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 392. Chois. iti 
 DC. Prodr. 9. p. 449. Convolvulus herbaceus erectus &c. 
 P. Br. Jam. p. 152. — Ic. P. Browne, I. c. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) et ex ins. 
 S. Jacobi, {Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, ex cl. /. D. 
 Hooker.) In ins. S. Jacobi, [Darwin.) 
 
 XXXVI. BORAGINE^, JUSS. 
 
 157. Pollichia africana, Med. Bot. Beobacht. (1784) p. 248, 
 num. 223. Philosophisch. Bot. pars 1. p. 32. "Cynoglos- 
 soides Africana verrucosa et hispida." Isn. act. ac. Par. 
 ("1718) p. 256. Borraginoides angustifolia, flore palles- 
 cente, cseruleo. Boerhaav.ind. alt. p. 188. Borrago africana, 
 LAnn. Sp. PI. p. 197. Trichodesma africana, R. Br. Prodr. 
 p. 496. Borago, Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, ex cl. 
 J. D. Hooker, Borago gruina, ejusd. Tuck. Voy. p. 250. — 
 Ic. Isnard. /. c. /. 11. Boerhaav. I. c. t. 9. sed sine numero, 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus sinus Tarrafal sive Tamaricum ins. 
 S. Antonii, {Forbes, n. 17. d. 2 April. 1822, spec, florida et 
 fructifera.) In eadem ins. {Th. Vogel, n. 20. sp. floridum.) 
 In ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 500 ped. {Th. Vogel, n. 67. 
 Junio, 1841, sp. florida et fructifera.) 
 
 Ut Medorum et Persarum ita Botanicorum leges stabiles 
 
154 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 firm?eque servandse ; hoc tantum modo inextricabilis fu- 
 gienda confusio. Nulla autem jure antecessionis sive ut 
 dicitur ^jnon^a^w sacriorem fuisse legem necesse est. Hoc 
 lege Pollichia Medici, jam diu a celeberrimo • Roberto 
 Brown deletse, pristini honores reparandi, Solandriana 
 delenda. Hoc ill. Brownium eflfugisse videtur cum Tri- 
 chodesmam suam, nunc ex albo eradendam, designaverit. 
 Oculatus enim Medicus non tantum in opere, cui titulus, 
 non plane immeritus, Philosophische Botanik, magno scru- 
 tatore citatum, anno 1789 divulgatura (eodem scilicet quo 
 in Hort. Kew. suam Solander) sed jam ab anno 1783 in 
 observationibus suis {Botanische Beobachtungen,) uti ipse 
 advertit pro Boraginibus Indica et Africana constitutam, 
 PollicJtiam omnium primus juris publici anno 1784 fecerat 
 et species fusius descripserat, quod ex libro facile viden- 
 dum. Pro Pollichia Sol. Meerburgia campestris scribenda 
 quod nomen setate provectius. 
 
 158. Heliotropium hispidum, Forsk. (sub Lithospermo.) 
 Fl. Mg. Arab. p. 38. Heliotropium undulatum, Vahl, 
 Symb. p. 13. Heliotropium crispum, Desf. ! Fl. ail. 
 
 159. Heliotropium undulatum, (3 ramosissimum, Lehni. ! As- 
 perifol. \. p. 57. Ic. et Descr. p. 24. forma elongata macra. 
 Schutt. Syst. 4. p. 30. et 728. Heliotropium plebeium, 
 Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, (ex cl. /. D. Hooker.) — 
 Ic. Desf. I. c. Lehm. I. c. t. 40. 
 
 Hab. In rupibus sinus Tarrafal sive Tamaricum ins. 
 S. Antonii, [Forbes, n. 21. d. 2. April. 1822. spec. flor. et 
 fruct.) In ins. S. Vincentii (Idem, n. 3.) In rupibus prope 
 Portum Praya in ins. ;S. Jacobi, flores pallide purpurei 
 (/. D. Hooker, n. 124. Nov. 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 In cultis S. Vincentii et S. Antonii [Th. Vogel, n. 23. 33. 
 et 69. Junio, 1841, sp. fl. et fruct.) In ins. S. Jacobi, 
 [Darivin.) 
 
 Flores quanquam hujus speciei pallide caerulescentes scrip- 
 serit cl. J. D. Hooker, albos Forskahl et Desfontaines, 
 non aliam credemus nostram, nulla enim apparet diff'e- 
 rentia nisi cocca forsan raagis angusta ac rugosiora, sed et 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 155 
 
 hoc variabile, extant enim specimina quae iEgyptiaca ex 
 toto referant. 
 
 160. Echium stenosiphon, Webb ; caule fruticoso strigoso, 
 ramis fuscis pilis aculeatis strigosis foliis strigosissimis 
 ovato- vel rhomboideo-rotundatis margine sinuatis acutis 
 vel obtusis inferioribus sinuato-lobatis breviter petiolatis 
 superioribus sessilibus, spicis ramosis foliosis basi nudis 
 apice floridis, floribus densis secundis, bractea oblonga 
 calycis laciniis oblongis vel linearibus subeequalibus lon- 
 giore, corolla hirsuta coerulescente calyce 4<-plo vel 5-tuplo 
 longiore tubo cylindraceo subarcuato ima basi squamarum 
 annulo instructo, fauce vix ampliato, lobis brevibus ; sta- 
 rainibus exsertis infra medium tubi insertis, stylo sta- 
 minum longitudine apice glabro sub apice usque ad basin 
 pilosissimo, ovarii lobis angustis acutis glabris. — Ic. Tab. 
 nostra XV. 
 
 Hab. Undique in insula S. Nicolai {Forbes, n. 32. die 29 
 Martii, 1822, spec, floridum minus scabrum.) In monte 
 Verede, ins. S. Vincentii ultra 1000 ped. alt. frutex bipe- 
 dalis ramosus {Th. Vogel, n. 81. Junio, 1841, spec, florida.) 
 
 Tab. XV. Fig. 1. flower: — magnified. 
 
 161. Echium hijpertropicum, Webb; caule fruticoso, ramis 
 robustis fuscis cicatricibus foliorum notatis, ramulis pilis 
 strigosis appressis cinereis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis basi 
 attenuatis sessilibus utrinque pilis crebris brevibus tenui- 
 bus appressis e bullio lato piano prodeuntibus strigoso- 
 incanis nervis prominentibus margine planis ciliatis, pani- 
 cula thyrsoidea ramosa, bracteolis oblongis subfalcatis 
 calycis longitudine cinereo-hirsutis apice strigosis, floribus 
 carneis vel albidis. calycis tubo brevissimo laciniis 4 lineari- 
 lanceolatis quinta lanceolata, corolla calyce subduplo lon- 
 giore campanulata vix incurva extus pilosiuscula, tubo 
 crasso, lobis ovato-lanceolatis acutis, lacinia infima minore, 
 staminibus exsertis subincurvis glabris purpureis(?) stylo 
 leviter piloso. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 Affinis est E. giganteo differt tamen foliorum forma et pubes- 
 centia et floris characteribus. Non minus ab E. Descaisnei 
 
156 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 diversum est cui flores lactei nee coerulescentes ut in Phyt. 
 Can. (v. 2. p. 49.) falso diximus quod nuper ex specimi- 
 nibus, insulse Lancerottse pulchre florescentibus cl. Bour- 
 geau cognovimus. 
 
 XXXVII. Labiate, Juss. 
 
 162. Ocymum Basilicum, Linn, (1764<, ed. 3.) 2. p. 833- 
 Benth. Lab. Gen. et Spec. (1832-36.) p. 4. Basilicum in- 
 dicunij Burm. Herb. Amboin. (1747) ^>ar5 5.j!?. 266. Soladi 
 Tirtava. Rheed Hort. Malab. (1690) pars 10. js. 171. Ocy- 
 mum Americanum, Jacq. Hort. Vind. (1766) 3. — Ic. Burm. 
 I. c. t. 93. mediocris. Rheed, /. c. t. 87. mediocris. Jacq. /. 
 c. t. 86. bona. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi in valle S. Dominici, {J. D. Hooker^ 
 n. 121. November, 1839, spec, fructifera.) 
 
 Hab. haec species in regionibus calidioribus orbis veteris et 
 novi sed illic si indigena incertum. Occurrit in oris utris- 
 que Lybiae calidioris (ex Benth.) in insula Mauritii (ex 
 Benth.) in regionibus Indise intra Gangem Mace ! Wight ! 
 in insula Taprobana, (ex Benth.), in insula Java Commer- 
 son ! in insulis Philippianis Commerson ! ad insulas An- 
 tillicas in ins. Jamaica, Murray ! in Brasilia, Martins ! 
 
 Calycis tubus intus pilosus. Mericarpia oblonga, laevia, ni- 
 grescentia, humectata mucilaginosissima. Cotyledones ob- 
 longae, obtusee, cordatse, radicula parva, crassiuscula. 
 
 163. Ocymxxm suave, Willd. Enum. (1809) 2.^j. 629. Benth. 
 Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832-36) p. 7. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi, [Dartvin, n. 276. specimen flo- 
 ridum.) 
 
 Legitur haec planta in Senegambia prope urbem Kandoniae, 
 Heudelot ! (exsicc. n. 769 in herb. Delessertiano) atque 
 inde in insulam Madagascarice, (ex Benth.) in insulam 
 Sanctse Mariee, Richard! (exsicc. n. 23. in herb. Deles- 
 sertiano), et in insulam Anjouan, Richard ! (exsicc. n. 239. 
 in herb. Delessertiano) procurrit. 
 
 Calycis tubus intus nudus. Mericarjna rotundato-ovata, 
 excavato-punctata, fusca, humectata non muciiaginosa. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 157 
 
 Cotyledones mericarpio conformes cordatae, radicula parva 
 crassiuscula. 
 
 164. Hyptis spicigera, Lamk. Diet. 3. />. 185. Benth. Lab. 
 Gen. et Spec. (1832-36) p. 78. Nepeta maxima, Sloane 
 Hist, of Jam. (1707) t. 8. bona. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 Occurrit bsec species sed infrequens in vetere orbe et in novo 
 in Senegambia per ripas Casamancse, Le Prieur et Per- 
 rottet ! in berb. Delessertiano in Madagascaria, (ex Benth.), 
 in ins. Lu9on, prope Manillam, (ex Benth.) ; in ins. Antil- 
 licis in berb. Desf. ! in ins. Jamaica in uUginosis circa 
 urbem St.- Jago de la Vega, (ex Sloane) ; in Peruvia et 
 Brasilia, (ex Benth.) 
 In hac specie folia floralia parva primum ovata, integra, mox 
 3-4 lineari-partita et ab banc causam bracteolas esse plures 
 celeb. Bentham apparuit. Calyx (8 m. metr. longus) tu- 
 bulosus, 10-striatus, 5-dentatus ; dentibus tubo dimidio 
 brevioribus. Corolla apice villosa. Filamenta parum ex- 
 serta, exteriora longiora. Stylus inclusus. Stamina in- 
 trorsa adsequans. Mericarpia oblongo-ovata, obtusa, ad 
 basin exteriorem cicatricula minuta fungosa notata. Co- 
 tyledones ovatse, obtusse, cordatse, radicula parva crassius- 
 cula. 
 
 165. Lavandula rotundifolia, Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 
 
 Hab. Ubique in insula *S^. Nicolai, {Forbes, n. 33. die 27 
 Martii, 1822, sp. florida et fructifera) ; ad medium montem 
 Verede, ins. S. Vincentii, (Vogel, n. 77. Junio, 1841, spec, 
 fructifera et florida.) In ins. S. Antonii, {Vogel, n. 5.) et 
 in herb. Mus. reg. Par. 
 
 Frutex ramis lignosis, glabris, elongatis, basi foliosis. Folia 
 petiolata, late oblongo-ovata, laciniato-dentata, basi cu- 
 neata, glabra, coriacea, rugoso-nervosa ; floralia scariosa, 
 ovata, acuta, 5-striata, cinereo-puberula, calyce breviora, 
 in spicara adpressam crassiusculam ramosam disposita. 
 Cymulce uniflores. Calyx sub 2-labiatus, tubuloso-ovatus, 
 15-striatus, 5-dentatus, dentibus ovatis acutis subsequali- 
 bus, fructiferis recurvis. Corolla calycem sub 2-plum 
 
158 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 superante ; tubo angusto, pilis reflexis intus piloso, labio 
 superiore bifido, inferioris 3-lobi lobo medio multo majore. 
 Antherae ciliatffi. Stylus glabrescens, lobis stigmatosis 
 ovatis latiusculis. Mericarpia atro-purpurascenta, dorso 
 basi cicatricula magna notatis, humectata dense mucila- 
 ginosa, 
 
 166, Lavandula coronopifolia, Poir. ! Did. Supjjl. (1813) 111. 
 p. 308. De Gingins, Hisi. Nat. des Lav. (1827) p. 160. 
 t. 9. bona. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Spec. (1832-36) p. 151. 
 Lavandula multifida, Burm. Fl. Indie. (1768) ic. 38. [mala) 
 Lavandula stricta, Delile ! Fl. Mgypt. (1813) 1. p. 9-1. 
 ic. 32. y. 1. [optima.) 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii, [Vogel, n. 48.); et in collibus et 
 
 declivitatibus in S. Vincentii, [Vogel, n. 24. Junio, 1841.) 
 In ^gypto ad sinum arabicum, Delile ! in herb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 In Arabia Petrsea, prope montem Sinai, N. Bove ! exsicc. 
 
 n. 59. prope Wadi Hebran, W. Schimper ! exsicc. n. 141. 
 
 prope Djeddam Botta ! in herb. Mus. Paris. 
 
 This plant certainly is the L. coronopifolia of Poir. and the 
 L. stricta of Delile. Although the spikes are more ramified, 
 its general appearance agrees with what Delile mentions in his 
 description, " cette espece est principalement caracterisee par 
 ses longs epis lineaires." 
 
 The Baron Gingins de Lassaraz, in his clever " Histoire 
 Naturelle des Lavandes,'* has attached great importance to 
 the forms of the lobes of the style ; and I firmly believe 
 with this botanist that they form good specific characters. 
 
 167. Lavandula dentata, Linn. (^;ec. (1764) 11. jj. 800. 
 Desf. Flor. Atl. (1796) \\. p. 14. Ging. de Laz. Hist. Nat. 
 Lav. (1826) p. 138. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Spec. (1832-36) 
 p. 148. Webb. Phyt. Can. (1845) p. 57.— Ic. Ging. de Laz. 
 /. c. t. v.f. i. (ic. pulchr.) 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. [Mus. reg. Par.) 
 Occurrit hsec species in Europa per regiones maris interni 
 et in plagis rupestribus Africpe occidentalis inde per insulas 
 Maderensem Fortunatosque usque ad insulas Cap. Viridis 
 devenitur. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 159 
 
 Observandum corollam calyce vix longiorem, filarnentis pilo- 
 sulis, stylo apice piloso, lobis oblongis, obtusis, meri- 
 carpiis oblongis, obtusis, cotyledonibus cordatis, radicula 
 parva crassiuscula. 
 
 168. Salvia ^gijptiaca, Linn. Spec. (1762) p. 33. Desf. F/or. 
 Atl. (1796) \. p. 19. (ubi perperani annua dicitur.) Delile, 
 Flor. Mgypt. illustr. (1812) p. 49. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. 
 (1832-36) p. 309. De Noel, in Phytog. Canar. (1845) 2. 
 p. 6. Salvia pumila, Benth. I. c. p. 726. Cambess. Voy. de 
 Jacquemont, Bot. p. 128. — Ic. Cambess. /. c. t. 133. De 
 Noe, I. c. bona. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii, in arenosis {Forbes, specimina 
 n. 1. fructifera, 1° die Aprilis, 1822.) In campis siccis 
 insulfe S. Jacobi frequens, (/. D. Hooker, specimina fruct. 
 n. 123. November, 1839.) In insula S. Antonii, [Vogel, 
 specimina n. 29.) nee non in vallibus arenosis S. Vincentii, 
 (n. 9. Junio, 1841.) 
 
 Ab Oceano Atlantico stirps usque ad Pentapotamidem Indise 
 Borealis tractum agri Cachemyriani confinem. Per trans- 
 versam Africam Asiamque excurrit inter lat. bor. grad. 22 
 et 33 ubique inclusa occurrit. In agro Tunetano interiore 
 circa Cafsam (Desf. I) In collibus magnre Syrteos (ex 
 Viviano, sub nomine Thymi hirti.) In insula Teneriffse, 
 (Webb !) In desertis ^gypti Inferioris circa Cahiram, 
 (Forsk. et Delile) et Suez (Delile !) In Arabia circa 
 Djeddam (Schimper ! exsicc. n. 820.) Ad sinum Persicum, 
 (Aucher ! exsicc. n. 5216.) In collibus gypsaceis et 
 salinis Indife Borealis ad Hydaspem Flumen, circa Pen- 
 dadenkhan, ad viam inter Lahore et Cachemyr, (Jacque- 
 mont! herb, quae S. pumila, Benth.) 
 
 169. Micromeria Forbesii, Benth. ! Lab. Gen. et Spec. (1832- 
 36) p. 376. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Nicolai, in saxosis montis Gourdo, (die 
 Martii 30, 1822, Forbes, n. 5. spec, florida et fruct.) In 
 insula S. Antonii, in rupestribus ubi ex alto desilit aqua 
 (Junio, 1841, Th. Vogel, n. 93. spec, florida et fruct.) 
 
 Radix robusta. Caules difFusi, hirtuli. Folia breviter petio- 
 
160 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 lata, rotundato-ovata, acuta, Integra, utrinque hirtula, su- 
 periora elliptica. Ci/mula pedunculatse, folio breviores, 
 bracteolatee ; bracteis linearibus, 3-6 floribus. Calyces tu- 
 bulosi, hirtuli, IS-striati, intus ad basin dentium pilosi. 
 Corolla extus pilosa, calyce subduplo longior, labium 
 superius bifidum, inferius longius, lobis rotundatis, medio 
 aliquando emarginato. Mericarpia oblonga, obtusa. fusca, 
 humectata parum mucilaginosa. 
 
 170. Stachys arvensis, Linn. (1764) 1. p. 814. Benth. Lab. 
 Gen. et Spec. (1832-36) p. 550.— I c. Curt. Flor. Land. 
 1817, 1. bona. Reich. Icon. Bot. (1832) tab. 967. bona. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Viridis, {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 171. Leucas Mariiuicensis, Br. Prod. Flor. Nov. Holl. et ins. 
 Van Diem. (1810) 1. p. 504. Benth. Lab. Gen. et Spec. 
 (1832-36) p. 617. Leucas Schimperi, Hochst. ! exsicc. Ab. 
 n. 15. — Ic. Clinopodium Martinicense, Jacq. Stirp. Americ. 
 Hist. (1763) p. 173. t. 177. f. 75. (calyx solus).) Phlomis 
 Caribsea, /«cg. Ic. Plant. Rar. (1781-86) I. p. 11. t. 110. 
 pulch. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 Occurrit hsec species ad oras utrisque Africse calidioris in 
 Senegambia prope Bakel (Heudelot ! exsicc. n. 121.) In 
 insula Madagascarioe, per provinciam Emirnensem, (Bojer !) 
 Ad Adoam, in Abyssinia, (Schimper! (exsicc. n. 15.) In 
 regionibus Birmanicis, prope montem Toang Dong, (ex 
 Benth.) Ad insulas AntiUicas, in insula Martinense, 
 (Goudot !) In insula Hispaniola, (Poiteau !) Ad plagos 
 Boreales Australesque Americae. Rio Janeiro, (Commer- 
 son !) etiam in Canada, (herb. Vaillant !) [Herb. Mus. reg. 
 Par.) 
 
 Corolla apice incurva, dentes calycis subaequans, labium su- 
 perius emarginatum, extus et intus hirsutissimum, inferius 
 vix longius, 3-lobum, lobis lateralibus oblongis truncatis 
 emarginatisve, medio majore latioreque bifido. Filamenta 
 longe viscoso-pilosa, inclusa. Stylus longitudine staminum 
 introrsorum. Mericarpia oblongo-ovata, obtusa, dorso 
 superne glandulosa, ceterum Isevia, atro-fusca. Cottjledones 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 161 
 
 oblongfe obtusse cordatse, radicula longiuscula crassius- 
 cula. 
 
 172. Ajuga Iva, Schreb. Plant. Vert, unilab. Gen. et ^pec. 
 {1774) p. XXV. Benth. Gen. et Sp. (1832-36) p. 698. Teu- 
 crium Iva,' Linn. Spec. (1764) j9. 787. Desf. FL Atl. (1796) 
 11. p. 3.— Ic. Lobel. Plant. Hist. (1576) p. 208. bona. 
 Sibth. Flor. Grcec. t. 525. ^optima.) 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii, ad montium basin, {Vogel, 
 n. 20. Junio, 184<1, spec, macilenta.) 
 
 Hsec planta in Europa a gradu boreali 45, usque in insulas 
 Cap. Viridis. In Gallia, (Maille !) In Dalmatia, (Petterl) 
 In Lusitania, (Welwitsch !) In Hispania, (Chaubord !) 
 In Grsecia, (Despreaux !) In Algeria, (Durieu !) In insulis 
 Canariensibus, (Webb !) 
 
 XXXVIII. Verbenace^, Juss. 
 
 173. Verbena officinalis, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 29. — Ic. Fl. Dan. 
 t. 628. Engl. Bot. t. 767. Turp. Fl. Med. Savi, Mat. Med. 
 Tosc. t. b2,fig. dextra. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Doininici, ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 120. Nov. 1839, spec, floriferum.) Ad rivulos vallis 
 Pico {Brunner, Ergebn. p. 123.) 
 
 XXXIX. Solanace^, Juss. 
 
 174. Physalis Alkekengi, Linn. Sp. PL p. 262.— Ic. Matth. 
 {ed. Valgris, 1665) p. 1070. Blackw. Herb. t. 161. Savi, 
 Mat. MM. Tosc. t. 59. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {Darwin.) 
 
 175. Physalis somnifera, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 161. Physalis 
 flexuosa, ejusd. ibid. — Ic. Matth. {ed. Valgris, 1685) ]). 
 1071. Clus. Hist. 2. p. 85. Barr. Ic. 149. Cav. Ic. 2. 
 t. 103. Sibth. Fl. Grcec. t. 233. 
 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypii, ins. S. Jacobi, et circa sinum Tar- 
 rafal, ins. S. Antonii, {Forbes, n. 2 et 27. d. 2 et 5 Aprilis, 
 1822, spec. flor. et fruct.) Ad radices montium S. Vin- 
 centii, et in vallibus, arbustura pedale, {Th. Vogel, n. 29 et 
 
 M 
 
162 SPICTLEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 59. Junio, 184'1, spec. flor. et fruct.) Circa Porto Praya, 
 ins. S. Jacobi, [J. Dalton Hooker, n. 119. Nov. 1839.) In 
 ins. S. Jago et Brava, {Brunner, in herb, no^r.) 
 
 17G. Cdi'^sicxxvci frutescens, var. a. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 271. Cap- 
 sicum frutescens, IVilld. \. p. 1052. F'mgerh. Monog.p. 17. 
 Brunn. Er'gebn. p. 35. — Ic. Ruraph. Amb. 5. t. 88. f. 3. 
 Fingerh. /. c. t. 4./. d. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. AntoniU " sufFrutex, ramis ascendentibus vel 
 procumbentibus," [Th. Vogel. n. 16. Junio, 1841, spec, 
 flor. et fruct.) 
 
 177. Capsicum microcarpum, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 86! 
 (ex specim. CandoUeano, herb. Mercier.) Fingerh. Monogr. 
 p. 19 — Ic. Fingerh. /. c. t. 4./. b. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Doininici, ins. S. Jacobi. " Flores albi, 
 rami sarmentosi arbuscuHs dependentes." (/. D. Hooker, 
 n. 116. Nov. 1839, sp. fl. et fr.) 
 
 178. Datura Stramonium, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 225. — Ic. Turp. 
 Fl. Med. 6. t. 332. 
 
 Hab. In valle S, Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 1]8. Junio, 1839, spec, florida. 
 
 179. Datura Metel, Linn. Sp. PL 256.— Ic. Fuchs. Hist, 
 p. 690. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, (Darwin.) 
 
 180. Lycopersicum cerasiforme, Dunal, Hist, des Solan, 
 p. 113. Solanum pomiferum, fructu rotundo parvo molli, 
 
 nunc luteo, nunc rubro, Moris. Hort. H. bles. p. 195. — Ic. 
 Dun. /. c. t. 3. B. 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, [J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 164. Nov. 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) In raonte Verede, 
 ins. S. Vincentii, ab alt. 1000 pedum et superne [Th. Vogel, 
 T). 36. Junio, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 181. Solanum nigrum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 266. Koch, Syn. Fl. 
 Germ. ed. 2. p. 584. Solanum Guianense, Brunn. .' Ergebn. 
 p. 115. lion Lamck. — Ic. Reichb. PI. Crit. t. 954. et 
 
 Solanum pterocaulon, t. 955. 
 Hab. In arvis Gossypii, sinus Tarrafal, ins. S. Antonii, 
 {Forbes, n. 16. d. 2 Aprilis, 1822, spec, florida.) In ins. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 163 
 
 5. Antonii, (Th. Vogel, n. 8. Jun. 1841, sp. fl. et fr.) In 
 
 ins. S. Jacobi, [J. Dalton Hooker, n. 130. November, 1839, 
 
 spec. flor. et fruct.) In umbrosis ins. Boa Vista, (Brunner, 
 
 in herb, nostro spec, vegetum procerum.) 
 183. Solanum fuscatum, Jacq. Coll. 1. p. 51. — Ic. Jacq. Ic. 
 
 rar. t. 42. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, valle S. Antonii, {J. Dalton Hooker, 
 
 n. 117. Nov. 1839, spec, fructifera,) ibid. Chr. Smith, in 
 
 herb. Mus. Brit. (cl. /. D. Hooker.) 
 
 XL. SCROFULARINEiE, JuSS. 
 
 §. Campylantliecs, Webb, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Seme Ser. 3. ^. 33. 
 Phyt.Can. Z. p. 1.25. 
 
 Character tribus reform. 
 
 Calyx 5-fidus ; laciniis festivatione imbricatis, subgequalibus, 
 2 superioribus paululum majoribus. Corolla tubus infun- 
 dibuliformis, laciniis planis, 2 anticis minoribus, pestivatione 
 interioribus. Stamina 2, postica anticorum vestigio nullo, 
 declinata, antheris arete appressis, loculis acutis, confluen- 
 tibus. Stylus clavatus, integer. Capsula coriacea, septi- 
 cide bifida, valvis mox bipartitis quadrifida, columna pla- 
 centifera tota libera. Semina plurima, plana, campylo- 
 tropa, chalaza hiloque approxirnatis ; testa reticulata, 
 appressa, in alam periphericam producta. Embryo peri- 
 phericus vel hippocrepidoideus. — Frutices regionis Maca- 
 ronesiacse desiccatione nigrescentes ; foliis crebris sparsis, 
 superioribus alternis, scspe crassis. Flores spicati, bracteati, 
 piedicellis basi bibracteolatis. — Campylantheas nee Salpiglot- 
 tideis uti nunc in lucidissima coordinatione reconstituuntur, 
 nee Gerardeis ipsis convenientes in tribulum iterum suam 
 reducere maluimus. 
 
 183. Campylanthus Benthami, Webb. Campylanthus sal- 
 soloides, ejusd. Phyt. Can. 3. p. 126. quoad plan tarn Gor- 
 goneam non Roth. 
 
 Var. a. glaber, foliis filiformibus glabris, calycis laciniis gla- 
 bellis ciliatis. Campylanthus glaber, Benth. in DC. Prod. 
 
 M 2 
 
164 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 10. p. 508 et 596. Eranthemum salsoides, Chr. Smith, I. c. 
 p. 251. herb. Mus. Brit.! ex d. J.Dalton Hooker.— Ic. 
 Tab. XV. 
 
 Var. /3. hirsutus, foliis planis oblongis, superioribus filiformi- 
 bus cum ramulis hirsutissimis, calycis laciniis puberulis 
 demum glabrescentibus. 
 
 IIab. In rupestribus totius montis Gurdo, ins. S. Nicolai, 
 {Forbes, n. 9. var. a; n. 17. planta junior, foliis hirsutis, 
 var. floribus albis, sine num., die 30 Martii, 1822, sp. flor. 
 et fruct.) Ad apicem montis abrupti vallis S. Dominicij 
 ins. S. Jacobi, ad alt. 1200 ad 2000 ped. (J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 128. Junio, 1839, sp. var. a. florida et fruct.) In ins. 
 S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, n. 35. b. sp. procera fructifera.) In 
 montibus ins. S. Vincentii, ad alt. 800 ped. " Fnitex par- 
 vus. Caulis digiti crassitie ramis pluribus (srepe depen- 
 dentibus) depressis. Folia crassiuscula, subcarnosa, fructus 
 juglandis olent. Flores secundi. Corollce tubus luteus ; 
 limbus violaceus. Stamina medio corolla? tubo inserta, 
 loculo altero superiore, altero inferiore. /S/«7??za perforatum, 
 ovarium multiovulatum." [Th. Vogel, n. 72. Junio, 1811, 
 spec, macra. var. /3. florida et fructifera.) 
 
 Frutex duriusculus ; ramis tenuibus, albidis, foliorum cica- 
 tricibus crebris nodulosis. Folia sparsa, stirpis junioris 
 (sive formse |3.) plana, oblongo-spathulata, acuta, basi in 
 petiolum attenuata, dense glanduloso-tomentosa : var. a. 
 filiformia, elongata, glabra, basi tantum et in axillis parce 
 pubescentia. Raniorum apices in forma /3. liirsutissimi, 
 sed jam ad spicas floriferas glabrescunt. Spic(E rectius- 
 culffi, 3 vel plures aggregatse, foliosse, secundre. Bractea 
 filiformis, bracteolis basalibus vel sub dimidio pedicelli 
 filiformis gracillimi nutantis sitis. Calyx ]\Jimor subglabra- 
 tus, laciniis 2 inferioribus longioribus recurvis, gland uloso- 
 pubescens vel glaber, laciniiis lanceolatis acutis margine in 
 varietatibus ambabus ciliatis, corollse tubo subduplo bre- 
 vioribus. Corolla ex cl. Forbes, (in var. a. aliquando alba,) 
 ccerulea, secundum cl. Th. Vogel in var. /3. limbus vio- 
 laceus, tubus luteus, ex cl. /. Dalton Hooker, (var. a.) 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. J 65 
 
 carnea, glabra, tubo crassiusculo sequali, medio circiter su- 
 perne flexo, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutis. Stamina 2, 
 sub medio tubi inserta; antberis oblongo-ovatis vel subreni- 
 formibus, glanduloso-pubescentibus, loculis junioribus basi 
 acutiusculis, divaricatis, superne confluentibus. Capsiila 
 elongato-ovata, glabra, nervosa, nitidiuscula, apice rotun- 
 data, subcrenata, calyce persistente longiora. Se7ni7ia ro- 
 tundata, vel subreniforniia, nigra, ala membranacea alba 
 cincta. 
 
 Differt a C. salsoloide, Roth^ foliis junioribus sfepe planis, 
 liirsutissimis var. a. tenuioribus, spicis rectis, calycis la- 
 ciniis lanceolatis, ciliatis glabris vel glabrescentibus, corollse 
 glabrae tubo crassiore, laciniis lanceolatis, antheris lon- 
 gioribus, acutioribus, capsula obtusiore calyce longiore, 
 seminibus nigris. 
 
 Tab. XVI. Fig. 1. flower; /. 2. anthers; /. 3. germen ; 
 y. 4. capsule : — all magnified. 
 
 184. Celsia betonicoefolia, Desf. Fl. All. 2. p. 58. Benth. in 
 DC. Prodr. 10. p. 245. Chr. Smith, I. c. p. 251. Celsia 
 arborescens, ejusd. in herh. Mus. Brit. 
 
 Hab. Ad apicem montis abrupti, alt. 2000 ped. in valle 
 S. Dominici, ins. ;S^. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 128. 
 November, 1839, spec, glabra vegeta fructifera.) In di- 
 midio superiore Monies Verede, ins. S. Vincentii, [TJi. 
 Vogel, n. 82. Junio, 1841, spec, deusta glutinoso-tomen- 
 tosa florida et fructifera.) 
 
 185. Linaria dichondrcsfolia, Benth.; ramis rectiusculis ri- 
 gidis albido-tomentosis, foliis utrinque dense pubescen- 
 tibus albidis demum desicc. nigrescentibus inferioribus 
 rhomboideo-cordatis superioribus rotundato-cordatis vel 
 basi truncatis, petiolo tenui, pedunculis filiformibus de- 
 curvis petiolo longioribus, calycis laciniis lineari-lanceo- 
 latis linearibusque acutis tomentosis, corolla calyce sub- 
 duplo longiore pubescente labio sup. 2-lobo inferiore elon- 
 gato laciniis ovatis obtusis, calcare brevi recurvo, capsula 
 ovata calyce sublongiore pubescente duriuscula ab apice 
 usque ad medium valvatim dehiscente. — Linaria dichon- 
 drgefolia, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10. /;. 270. 
 
166 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus umbrosis, ins. S. Nicolai, [Forbes, n. 16. 
 die 27 Martii, 1822, sp. fructifera et florida.) In ins. ;S7. 
 Vincentii, [Th. Vogel, n. 13, 15, et 16, Junio, 1811, sp. 
 fruct.) 
 
 186. Linaria Brunneri, Bentli. in DC. Prodr. 10. p. 270. L. 
 alsinsefolia, Brunn. Ergebn. p. 84. non Sprevg. 
 
 Var. a. vera; ramis elongatis rectiusculis rigidulis,pilis densis 
 longis patulis pilosis, foliis nigricantibus lanato-hirtis de- 
 mum glabris, inferioribus rotundatis acutis basi subcor- 
 datis aliquando subsagittatis petiolis gracillimis, superiori- 
 bus ovatis lanceolatisque basi cordatis vel rotundatis ob- 
 solete crenatis, pedunculis filiformibus, calycis laciniis ob- 
 longo-lanceolatis acutis hiitis, corolla calyce duplo longiore, 
 labio superiore bifido, inferiore latiusculo 3-fido, laciniis 
 ovatis, calcare brevi sacciformi leviter incurvo, capsula 
 ovato-rotundata duriuscula pilosa calyce longiore ab apice 
 usque ad medium valvatim dehiscente, seminibus oblongo- 
 rotundatis, angulatis tuberculatis. 
 
 Var. /3. parietaricefolia ; ramis filiformibus pilis deflexis den- 
 siuscule pilosis, foliis tenuibus viridibus desiccatione sub- 
 nigrescentibus pubescentibus demum glabris ciliatis infe- 
 rioribus rbomboideo-rotundatis acutis b^si cordatis soepe 
 auriculatis vel subsagittatis, superioribus ovato-rotundatis 
 basi truncatis vel subcordatis eroso-crenatis, summis in- 
 tegris, calycis laciniis linearibus acutis, corolla calyce sub- 
 duplo longiore, labio superiore 2-fido, inferiore 3-fido 
 angusto elongato laciniis lanceolatis, calcare brevi angusto 
 uncinatim recurvo, capsula magis cliartacea. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus umbrosis et in rupestribus ad sinum 
 Tarrafal, ins. S. Antonii, {Forbes, n. 22. d. 22 April. 1822, 
 et n. 15. d. 2 April, sp. fl. et fruct.) Vulgaris preesertim 
 in rupibus ins. S. Jacobi, (J. Da/ton Hooker, n. 126. Nov. 
 1839, sp. fl. et fr.) In ins. S. Vincentii, [Th. Vogel, n. 9, 
 10, 11, 12 et 14. Junio, 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) In ins. 
 S. Antonii, TJi. Vogel, (p. 26. sp. flor. et fruct.) In ins. 
 S. Jacobi, (Dartrin.) In insulis Salis et S. Jacobi, {Brunner, 
 in herl). nostro.) 
 
 187. Scrofularia arguta, Hort. Kew. p. 302. Pliyt. Can. 3. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 167 
 
 p. 131. Auch. exsicc. 5057. S. peregrina, var. ? Wydl. 
 Scrof.p. 28. Walp. Repert. 3. p. 106. 
 
 188. Doratanthera linearis, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10. p. 347. 
 Anticharis Arabica, Hochst. in Sched. Kotsch. PL Nub. 
 exsicc. n. 90 ! non Endl. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii, {Th, Vogel, n. 53. Junio, 1841, spec, 
 unicum adustum fructiferum.) 
 
 XLI. Orobanche2e. 
 
 189. Phelypcea Brunneri, Webb ; scapo simplicissimo lon- 
 gissimo, florum squamis bractealibus oblongis navicula- 
 ribus in apicem longe attenuatis laceris acutis calycem 
 excedentibus, bracteolis linearibus, calycis dentibus lan- 
 ceolatis acutis, coroUis magnis luteis arcuato-tubulosis, 
 fauce ampliata, lobis subfequalibus acutis, genitalibus sub- 
 exsertis, filamentis basi cum corollee tubo pilosis, antheris 
 sagittatis parce pilosis. Phelypsea lutea, Brunner ! Eryebn. 
 p. 100, pro parte., non Desf. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Miis. reg. Par.) et in ins. Salts, 
 
 {Brunner.) 
 
 The above description is taken principally from Brunner's 
 specimen. With this plant he sent at the same time what 
 he believed perhaps to be a younger specimen of the same, 
 but which is quite distinct, perhaps from N. Boro in Senegal, 
 of which we subjoin a description.* 
 
 * Phelypsea Hesperugo, Webb ; scapo simplicissimo juniore obtuso brac- 
 tearum appendicibus exsertis comato, bracteis calyce longioribus-^basi 
 lineari-lanceolatis apice in appendicem crassum linearem protensis, 
 bracteolis sublinearibus, calyce fisso lobo axili lineari posteriore basin 
 corollcE amplectente 4-dentato, dentibus lanceolatis margine subscariosis 
 acutis, corolla tubulosa tubo elongato calycem bis vel ter excedente 
 leviter arcuato cylindraceo fauce augusta vix dilatata glaberrima, lobis 
 superioribus lanceolatis basi ovatis cucullatis, lateralibus lanceolatis 
 acutis, inferiore longiore angustiore lingulata acuta, staminibus cum 
 corollac tubi basi glabris, antheris sagittatis calvis, stylo glaberrimo, 
 stigmate lato cyathiformi. Phelypcea lutea, Brunn. ! 1. c. pro parte ex 
 specimine ab indefesso inventore cum planta anteriore misso : non 
 Desf. 
 
168 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 XLII. ACANTHACE^, JuSS. 
 
 190. Dicliptera verticiUaris, Juss. ; in Ann. Mus. 9. j). 208, 
 (excl. synon. prseter Lamck. omnibus, ex scheda Jussiaeana 
 autographa herb. Desf.) Justicia verticiUaris, Lamck. III. 
 p. 40 (ex autopsia facta herb. Lamck. a celeb, a L. de 
 Jussieu, non Linn. fil. nee Vahl, excl. syn. et patria Prom. 
 Bon. Sp.) 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, 
 
 n. 122. Nov. 1839, spec, florida et fruct.) 
 
 It appears that Lamarck confounded a specimen of our 
 plant, which he had received from Sierra Leone, with the 
 Justicia verticiUaris , Linn. fil. On this erroneous /. verti- 
 ciUaris the illustrious Jussieu founded his Dicliptera ver- 
 ticiUaris, as is evident from the following note, in his own 
 handwriting, attached to a specimen of our present plant 
 from the West Indies in the herb. Desf., verbatim as follows : 
 *' Justicia verticiUaris, Lam. ill., sic in herb. Lam., specimen 
 ex Sierra Leone. — Dicliptera verticiUaris, J." As the true 
 J. verticiUaris, L. fil. belongs to another genus, the name 
 equally applicable to our species may remain. But should 
 it be thought necessary to change it, the plant might be 
 called D. Jussiaei. 
 
 191. Peristrophe bicalyculata, Nees ab Esenb. Dianthera 
 bicalyculata, Retz. Act. Holm. 1775. p. 297. Dianthera 
 Malabarica, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 85. (ex cl. Syn. Rheed.) 
 Dianthera paniculata, Forsk. Fl. ^^g. Arab. p. 7. Justicia 
 ligulata, Lamck. III. p. 40. Cav. Ic. 1. p. 52. Justicia Mala- 
 barica, Chr. Smith, herb. Mus. Brit, (ex cl. J. D. Hooker.) — 
 Ic. Retz, t. c. t. 9. Lamck. III. t. 12./. 2. Cav. /. c. t. 71. 
 
 Hab. In vallibus ins. S. Jacobi non infrequens (/. D. Hooker, 
 n. 171. Nov. 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 192. Dicliptei'a iinibeUata, Juss. I. c. Justicia umbellata, 
 Vahl, Enum. 1. ^;. 111. 
 
 11 A B- In arvis ins. Brava, {Brunner, Ergebn. p. GO.) 
 
 The fragments of two other species of Acanthacae are 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 169 
 
 found in the herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) but not in 
 a state to be described. 
 
 XLIII. PRIMULACEiE, JuSS. 
 
 193. Samolus Valerandi, Linn. Sp. PL 1. p. 243. — Ic. Gsertn, 
 1. t. 30. Lamck. III. 2. t. 101. FL Dan. t. 198. Encfl. Bot. 
 t. 703. Schkuhr, Handb. t. 40. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii aquosis montanis ab alt. 500 ped. 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 83. Junioj 1841. spec. flor. et fruct.) in ins, 
 S. Jacobi {Darivin.) 
 
 194. Anagallis ccerulea, Schreb. Spic. FL lijjs. p. 5. Chr. Smith, 
 /. c. p. 252 !— Ic. EngL Bot. t. 1823. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, 
 ex cl. J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 XLIV. Sapote^, Juss. 
 
 195. Sapota margijiata, Due. ; ramulis glabratis novellis to- 
 mentosis, foUis obovatis obtusis supra glabris subtus petio- 
 lisque tomentosis raarginatis coriaceis dein glabratis, flori- 
 bus axillaribus paucis glabris, pedicellis petiolum superan- 
 tibus, foliolis calycinis rotundatis glabris, corollre laciniis 
 calycem parum superantibus rotundatis ciliolatis, squamis 
 ligulatis obtusis, filamentis dilatatis, ovario superne piloso 
 6-loc\ilare, loculis uniovulatis. {Decaisne, MSS. nobiscum 
 benevole comm.) — Ic. nostra Tab. XIII. 
 
 Hab. Hujusce arboris individua duo tantum viva ad ped. 
 
 20 alt. accedentia, scopulo ad apicem montis abrupti alt. 
 
 circiter 2000 ped. vallis S. Dondnici protecta, in ins. 
 
 S. Jacobi. Fructus junior ramique succo albo lactescente 
 
 scatent. Flores pauci. {J. D. Hooker, n. 114. Nov. 1839. 
 
 sp. fructus juniores et florem unicum gerentia.) 
 Tab. JLlll.' [Fiff. 1. flower; /. 2. portion of corolla, stamens 
 
 and scales ; /. 3. hair case to it. 
 
 XLV. Plumbagine^, Juss. 
 
 196. Plumbago occidentalis, Sweet, Hort. sub. p. 428. Plum- 
 bago Zeylanica, var. Hornem. Hort. hafn, \. p. 190. Plum- 
 bago Zeylanica, (3. Roem. et Schult. Syst. 4. p. 4. 
 
170 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 Hab. In coUibus vallis S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi baud 
 frequens, iiores candidi (/. D. Hooker, n. 181. Nov. 1839. 
 spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 197. Plumbago scandens, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 215. — Ic^ Sloane, 
 Hist, of Jam. 1. t. 133./. 1. Jacq. Stirp. Am. t. 13. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 198. Statice Brunneri, Webb ; foliis rosulatis rotundatis 
 obcordatisque in petiolura attenuatis, scapo erecto aphyllo, 
 ramulis secundis elongatis ramis abortivis pungentibus 
 adnatis creberrime papillatis, bracteis exterioribus rotun- 
 dato-ovatis interioribus oblongis vel rotundato-oblongis 
 dorso hirsuto-pubescentibus, calycis tubo hirsuto. Statice 
 pectinata, Brunner, Ergebn. non Hort. Kew. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Salis lapidosis [Brunner, in schedis herb. 
 
 nostri.) 
 
 This plant is certainly nearly allied to >S. pectinata, Hort. 
 Kew. ; its inflorescence, however, is very different, its abor- 
 tive branchlets recalling, though in a slighter degree, the 
 S. articulata, Lois. The papillated branches and the broad 
 bracteal scales give it something the look of S. pruinosa, 
 Del., in place of the light appearance of S. pectinata, Hort. 
 Kew. 
 
 199. Statice Jovi-barba, Webb; caule lignoso brevi, foliis 
 dense imbricato-rosulatis oblongo-spathulatis margine ad 
 apicera undulatis basi attenuatis infimis breviter petiolatis 
 amplexicaulibus coriaceis glabris, scapo e foliorum rosula 
 protruso gracili ancipite glabro apice subulato, spiculis 
 secundis eleganter recurvis, bracteis exterioribus ovatis 
 acutis interioribus elongato-lanceolatis acutis glabris, brac- 
 teola hyalina 1-nervi obliqua, calyce profunde 5-partito, 
 laciniis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, tubo gracili 5-costato 
 glabro, corolla zygopetala versus apicem campanulata bre- 
 viter 5-fida, antheris ovatis papillatis, stylis apice clavatis 
 stigmatoso-papillosis. 
 
 Hab. Copiosa in rupibus montis Verede ab alt. 1500 ped. 
 usque ad apicem nee non in aliis montibus ins. S. Vin~ 
 centii [Th. Voyel, n. 30. Junio, 1841, spec, florida.) 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 171 
 
 XLVI. Plantagine.e, Juss. 
 
 200. Plantago major, Linn. Sp. PL p. 163.— Ic. FL Dan. 
 461. Eiiffl. Bot. t, 1558. Schkuhr, Handb. t. 23. 
 
 Hab. In aquosis Montis Verede, ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 
 1500 ped. et in ins. S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 28 et 34. 
 Junio, 1841, sp. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 201. Plantago Psyllium, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 167.— Ic. Sibth. 
 Fl. GrcEc. t. 149. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 XLVII. Nyctagine/e, Juss. 
 
 202. Boerhaavia ereda, Vahl, Eniim. 1. p. 284. — Ic. Jacq. 
 Hort. Vind. 1. ^. 5. 6. 
 
 Hab. In vallibus arenosis ins. S. Vincentii, boreee et Favonio 
 conversis (Th, Vogel, n. 21. Junio, 1841. sp. mancuni sine 
 fiore et fructu sed hue referendum.) 
 
 203. Boerhaavia joawicwZtf^a, Lamck. ///. \. p. 10/ 
 
 In Boerhaaviarum cognitione incerti multum adest; CEdipo 
 suo egent nee hie synonymiano ullam adducere ausus sim. 
 Planta nostra eadem est certo ac species Lamarckiana indi- 
 cata, ex specimine herbarii Desf. ab ipso cum Lamarckii 
 planta collato. A Boerhaavia erecta, cui fructu glaber folia 
 punctata foliis impunctatis et fructu pilis glandulosis vestito 
 difFert. Hinc videtur Poiretiura {Encycl. 5. p. 53) has 
 plantas mutuo confudisse. Plantae nostras valde affinis 
 est B. jjrocumbens, Roxb., sed hujusce fructus magis elon- 
 gatus pilis albidis vix viscosis hirtus, ex spec. herb. 
 Lambert. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii: caules plures procumbentes, suf- 
 frutescentes, 3-pedales, flores rubri (77*. Vogel, n. 24. 
 Junio, 1841. sp. fl. et fruct.) 
 
 204. Boerhaavia c?icAo/omc, Vahl, Enum. \. p. 290. Valeriana 
 scandens, Forsk. Fl. jEg. Ar. p. 12. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 205. Boerhaavia repens, Linn. Sp. PL p. 5 ? Del. Fl. d'Eg. 
 
172 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 J). 2. Cent, des pi. d'Afi\ p. 93. Vis. Fl. d'Eg. et Nub. p. 4. 
 Boerhaavia vulvarifolia, Poir. Encycl. 5. jo. 55. Bocrhaavia 
 suberosa, Chr. Smithy I. c. p. 249. Herb. Mus. Brit, (ex cl. 
 /. D. Hooker.)— \c. Del. I. c. t. 3./. 1. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi prope Porto Praya locis umbrosis 
 vulgaris et in rupestribus (/. D. Hooker^ n. 1G7. Nov. 
 1839, spec. flor. et fructif.) 
 
 XLVIII. Amarantace^, Juss. 
 
 206. Alternanthera sessilis, R. Br. Prodr. 1. p. 417. Ille- 
 cebrum sessile, Linn. Mant. p. 345. — Ic. Pluk. Phytogr. 
 t. 133./. 2. Burm. Zeijl. t. 4. Rumph. Amb. G. t. 15./. 1. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Darivin.) 
 
 207. Achyrantbes argentea, Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p. 1191. 
 Acbyrantbes aspera, a. Sicula, Linn. Webb, Phytog. Can. 
 p. 194. Acbyrantbes virgata, Poir ! Encycl. Suppl. 2. p. 10. 
 — Ic. Bocc. PI. Par. t. 9. Lamck. III. t. 168./ 1. Sibtb. 
 Fl. GrcBC. t. 244. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi vulgatissiraa (/. D. Hooker^ n. 170. 
 Nov. 1839. spec, fructifera, gracilia, caule albido, foUis 
 tenuibus pilosis vix appressis nee sericeis.) 
 
 208. Acbyrantbes G6rj»em, Willd. Sp. PI. I. p. 1191. Acby- 
 rantbes aspera, /3. indica, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 295. Acbyrantbes 
 obtusifolia, Jjumck. Encycl. \. p. 545. Acbyrantbes crispa, 
 Poir ! Encycl. Suppl. 2. p. 10. — Ic. Pluk. Phytogr. t. 10. 
 
 / 4. Burm. Zeylan. t. 5./ 3. 
 Hab. In collibus, ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, n. 169. Nov. 
 1839. spec. flor. et fruct.) Ibid. {Brunner, \. c.) 
 
 209. ^rua Javanica, Juss. Gen. p. 88. ^rua, Forsk. Fl. ^g. 
 Ar. p. 170. Illecebrum Javanicum, Linn. Syst. ed. Murr. 
 p. 266. Acbyrantbes, Chr. Smith, in herb. Mus. Brit, (ex 
 cl. J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 This is a very variable plant, tbe forms it assumes may be 
 tbus cbaracterised. 
 Var. a, Forskalii, fobis oblongis vel ovatis obtusis, sjHca 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 173 
 
 crassiuscula, floribus majoribus, perigonii laciniis lanceo- 
 latis acutis. — Hue spectat varietas latifolia Vahl et 
 JE. JEgyptiaca, Gmel. — Habitat in ^gypto, Senegalia et 
 ins. Gorgoneis. 
 Var. /3. Bovei, foliis lineari-lanceolatis utrinque albescen- 
 tibus, spica tenuiore, floribus minoribus rotundatis spisse 
 lanatis, perigonii laciniis ovatis seepe obtusis. — Habitat 
 in Arabise monte Sinai {Bove), Kenne in desertis, (Sieber.) 
 The flowers of our specimens, as well as of those collected 
 by Perrottet^ Heudelot and Brunner in Senegal, are some- 
 what less woolly than those of the Egyptian plant, and the 
 leaves are always oblong; but I can perceive no specific diff'e- 
 rence. 
 
 Hab. In rupestribus sinus Tarrafal ins. /S. Antonii {Forbes, 
 n. 25). In ins. S. Jacobi prope Portum Praya {J. Dalton 
 Hooker, n. 107. Nov. 1839.) In ins. S. Vincentii rupes- 
 tribus {Th. Voyel, n. 79.) 
 
 210. Lestiboudesia trigyna, R. Br. Celosia trigyna, Linn. 
 Mant. p. 212.— Ic. Jacq. Hort. Vinclob. 3. t. 15. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 108. Junio, 1839, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 211. Amaranthus gracilis, Desf., Tabl. de VEcole Bot. ed. 1. 
 [im^p. 43. Poir. Encijcl. Suppl. 1. p. 312. JVebb, Phyt. 
 Can. 3. ^.191. Amaranthus viridis, Linn. Sp. PL 2. p. 1407. 
 quoad syn. Sloanii et Pisonis. Chenop. caudatum, Jacq. 
 Coll. 2. p. 325. Amaranthus oleraceus, Lamck. Encycl. 1. 
 p. 116. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, (J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 109. Nov. 1839, spec, fructifera.) In eadem ins. {Dar- 
 win) in ins. >S^. Antonii usque ad apicem montis Verede 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 12. 13 et 87. Junio, 1841, spec, fructifera et 
 flor.) 
 
 212. Amaranthus spinosus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1407. — Ic. Herm. 
 H. lAigd. Bot. t. 33. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Boa Vista {Brunner, 1. c.) 
 
174 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 XLIX. CHENOPODIEiE, DC. 
 
 213. Chenopodium murale, Linn. Sp. PL p. 318. Moq- 
 Tandon, Monog. p. 32.— Ic. Curt. Fl. Lond. t. 20. Engl 
 Bot. t. 1722. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 110. Nov. 1839. 
 spec, florida et fruct.) In ead. ins. {C. Darwin.) In ins. 
 S. Vincentii, (Th. Vogel, n. 86. Junio, 1841, sp. fructifera 
 sicca.) 
 
 214. Ambrina ambrosioides, Spach, Suites a Buff'. 6. p. 297. 
 Moq. Tandon, Monog. p. 40. Chenopodium ambrosioides, 
 Linn. Sp. PL p. 320.— Ic. Barrel, t. 1185. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, (J. Dalton Hooker, n. 111. Nov. 
 1849, spec, florida.) In eadem ins. (C. Darwin.) 
 
 215. Suffida maritima, Moq. Tandon, Mo^io^r. ^;. 127. Che- 
 nopodium maritimum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 321. — Ic. Fl. Dan. 
 t. 489. EngL Bot. t. 633. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, sine num. Jun. 1841. 
 spec, florida et quaedam fruct.) 
 
 L. POLYGONE^, JUSS. 
 
 216. Persicaria serrulata, Webb et Moq. Tandon, Phytog. 
 Can. 3. 219. Polygonum serrulatum, LaGasc. Nov. Gen. 
 Sp. p. 14. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, [J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 104. Nov. 1839, spec, fructiferum.) In eadem insula, 
 (C Darwin.) " Rumicem quendam quern maximum vocat 
 in ins. S. Jacobi, ad rivulos vallis Pico vidit Brunner." 
 {Ergebn. p. 110.) 
 
 LI. EUPHORBIACE^, JuSS. 
 
 217. Dalechampia Senegalensis, A. L. ; caule volubili pu- 
 bescente substriato, stipulis ovato-lanceolatis hirsutis acutis 
 integerrimis, foliis fere ad basin 3-lobis, lobis lanceolatis 
 acutis margine argute denticulatis, subtus grosse nervoso- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 175 
 
 reticulatis pube spissa utrinque tomentosis inferioribus 
 saepe lobulatis, involucri foliolis rotundato-ovatis apice 
 breviter 3-lobato-dentatis dentibus ovato-lanceolatis denti- 
 culatis utrinque tomentosis grosse 5-nerviis, appendiculis 
 stipulaceis 4 lanceolatis acutis tomentosis, florum mascu- 
 lorum involucello longe pedunculato cyathiformi truncate 
 grosse crenulato, floribus masculis pedicellatis, pedicello 
 flore longiore glanduloso basi bracteato, bractea lanceolata 
 acuta, antherarum subsessilium fasciculo longe stipitato 
 calj^cis lacinias lanceolatas excedente, florum fern, invo- 
 lucelli diphylli foliolis late ovatis fimbriatis, floris inter- 
 medii longius pedicellati calycis 9-laciniati lateralium 6- 
 laciniatorum laciniis lanceolatis pinnatis, pinnis glanduloso- 
 hirsutis, ovario orbiculari-depresso cum stylo glanduloso- 
 hirto, stigmate obtuso obsolete triangulari, florum pedicellis 
 cum calycis laciniis papposis longe accretis, capsula orbi- 
 culari-trigona depressa hirta. 
 
 Nostras valde affinis est Dalechampia papposa, Endl. (Atakt.) 
 sed foliis dentatis aliisque notis distincta, sed afiinior 
 Dalechampia qusedam Nubica quam ad Montem Arasch- 
 Kool legit sedulissimus Kotschy (d. 30 Sept. 1839) quam- 
 que sub num. 84 fautoribus suis misit associatio itin. 
 adjecto in Schedis nomine D. Cordofana, Hochst., sed 
 nullibi a cl. viro descriptam invenio. Diflert involucro 
 longiore florum femineorura (quos unicos vidi) involucello 
 latiore calycibus multo magis hirsuto-papposis ovarioque 
 strigosiore sed ulterius examinanda et forsan vix diversa. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {Darwin,) et in herb. ins. Prom. Vir. 
 {Mus. reg. Par.) Specimina sua habuit celeb. Jussiaeus 
 ab Adansonio et a cl. Geoff'roy, anno 1788. 
 
 218. Phyllanthus scabrellus^ Webb; caule annuo difl'uso, 
 ramulis debilibus 4-gonis angulis pilis dentiformibus sca- 
 bris, stipulis apice filiformibus basi lanceolatis, foliis bre- 
 vissime petiolatis ovatis vel suborbiculatis pallidis subtus 
 scabrellis mox glabris, margine obsolete denticulatis, nervis 
 evanidis, floribus in axillis foliorum solitariis erectiusculis, 
 calycis laciniis saepe 5 ovatis vel lanceolato-ovatis late 
 
176 SPICILEGIA GORGONE\. 
 
 scariosis medio dorso tantum herbaceis, ovario disco 
 obsolete subcrenato stipato, capsula complanata glaberrima 
 lucida. — Phyllanthus, (n. 987), Schimper exsicc. Arab. 
 Associatiouw itin. 1837, in arena prope Djeddam, et hujus 
 videtur esse var. glabrescens, Phyllanthus, (n. 89), Kotsch. 
 It. Nub. a Monte Arasch-Kool. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 105. spec, 
 fructiferum.) In ins. S. Antonii, [Th. Vogel, n. 17. Junio, 
 1841, spec, macrura adustuni.) Extat quoque in herb. 
 Mus. reg. Par. cum priore in Senegambia ab indefessis 
 Perrottet et Leprieur lectus. 
 
 219. Phyllanthus Thonningii, Schum. ! Beskriv. Af. Gtcin. PL 
 p. 192. Phyllanthus virgatus, Vahl MSS. in herb. Jnss. ! 
 caule lignoso, ramis virgatis 4-gonis glabris, stipulis basi 
 dilatatis apice acutis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo- 
 lanceolatis apice latioribus apiculatis basi subattenuatis 
 margine minutissime denticulatis subtus subglaucescen- 
 tibus nervosis, floribus in axillis foliorum solitariis pen- 
 dulis, calycis laciniis sajpissime 6 apice orbiculatis basi 
 attenuatis glabris margine scarioso angusto cinctis, ovario 
 glandulis 5-6 oblongis stipato, capsula pomiformi glabra. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 103 et 107. 
 Nov. 1839, specimina floribus femineis etfructibus onusta.) 
 
 220. Euphorbia Chamasyce, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 652. — Ic. Clus. 
 Hist. 2. p. 187. 
 
 Hab. In vallibus arenosis ins. S. Vincentii sub Tamarice, 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 57. Junio, 1841, spec, fruct.) 
 
 221. Euphorbia Forskdlii, Gay, in Phytog. Can. 3. ined. 
 Euphorbia thymifolia, Forsk. Fl. JEg.-Ar. p. 94. Del. ! Fl. 
 JEg. Til. p. 63. non alior. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 105. Nov. 
 1839, sp. fl. et fruct.) In eadem ins. [Darwin.) In herl). 
 Mus. reg. Par. spec, florida et fructifera. Frequens in 
 ins. S. Antonii, {Th. Vogel, n. 17.) et in rupibus S. Vin- 
 centii, ad alt. circiter 500 ped. {Th. Vogel, n. 18. Junio, 1841, 
 spec, fruct.) 
 
 222. Euphorbia hypericifolia, Linn. var. piisilla, glaberrima. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 177 
 
 prostrata, foliis integerrimis vel obsolete serruiatis, capsulis 
 glabris. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) specimen 
 unicum, ubi vulgo ex scheda vocatur " TerhinaP 
 
 223. Euphorbia Braslliensis, Lamck, Encycl. vol. 2. p, 423. 
 Euphorbia hypericifolia, Linn. var. (excl. Gay, in schedis 
 herb, nostr.) 
 
 Hab. In herb. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) forma gracilis, foliis 
 parvis vix serrulatis, capsulis hirtulis. 
 
 224. Euphorbia 5corc?^/b/^«, Jacq. Coll. p. 113. Willd. Sp, PI. 
 vol. 2. p. 896. Euphorbia tomentosa, Pers. Enchir. 2. 
 p. 13.— Ic. Jacq. Ic. rar. 9. /. 476. 
 
 Hab. In herb. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) spec, florida. 
 
 225. Euphorbia Tuckeyana, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. p. 615. 
 i^nomen sine descript.) E. arborea, Chr. Smith, in Tuck. 
 Voy. p. 251, {nomen sine descript.) Herb. Mas. Brit. ! {excl. 
 J. D. Hooker) ; arborescens, ramis crassis fuscis cica- 
 tricibus fol. not., foliis ad apicem ramorum oblongis vel 
 oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis vel subacuminatis mar- 
 gine membranaceis obsolete sinuatis, basi in petiolum 
 attenuatis vel subsessilibus glabris floralibus amplis ob- 
 cordato- vel tetragono-ovatis, involucri campanulato-tubu- 
 losi hrabo 4-fido laciniis oblongis apice bitidis glandulis 
 quadratis ad angulos brevissime 2-dentatis vel sublunatis 
 bidentatis, staminum bracteis (perianthii masculi rudi- 
 mentis) basi inter se connatis, laciniis filiformibus pecti- 
 nato-dentatis, ovario ovato, capsula triquetro-pomiforrai vel 
 elongato-ovato, semine fusco raarmorato, epistomio me- 
 diocre pileato. 
 
 Hab. Per totam ins. >S'. Vincentii communis ab alt. 200 ped. 
 usque ad montium cacumina et alt. 2500 ped. frutex 
 saepius 2-3-pedalis sed aliquando arbor 6-pedaUs, rami 
 glabri, sub apice foliis circa 20 vestiti. {Th. Vogel, n. 122, 
 Junio, 1841, spec. flor. et fruct.) nee non in alia scheda 
 specimina vidimus non aliter diversa sed brevioribus invo- 
 lucri squamis apice lunatis et conspicue dentatis. Ad basin 
 mentis cujusdam abrupti vallis S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi, 
 
 N 
 
178 SPICTLEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 frutex 5-8-pedalis, succo lacteo scatens; larvam perpulchram 
 Sphingis Euphorbioi? quee foliis hujus specie! vescebatur 
 observavi, (/. Dalton Hooker, n. 115, Nov. 1839, spec, 
 fructifera.) In herb. Mus. reg. Par. specimen floridura. 
 Christian Smith says of this species in his journal, 1. c. 
 p. 243 : " I found at last an Eiqjhorbia, which bore so near a 
 resemblance to E. piscatoria, as scarcely to be distinguished 
 from it." Again, p. 27, in Tuckey's Journal, he says : " At 
 the height of about 1600 feet I at length found the hills and 
 small valleys covered with large bushes of a Tithymalus re- 
 sembling E. piscatoria, but the identity difficult to be esta- 
 Mished." 
 
 226. Ricinus communis, Linn. ; Sp. PI. p. 1430. — Ic. Lob. 
 Hist. p. 392. Blackw. herb. t. 148. Turp. Fl. Med. t. 298. 
 Schkuhr, Handb. t. 312. Nees ab Es. Gen. germ. 2. t. 38. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, (J, Dalton Hooker, n. 74. Nov. 1839, 
 spec, fruct.) 
 
 227. Dalechampia Cordafana, Hochst. in Kotsch. exsicc. It. 
 Nub. n. 84 ! Dalechampia inedita Senegalensis, A. de Juss. 
 Euphorb. p. 56. D. trijoartita, R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. ? 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi, {Darwin, n. 287 et 288, sp. flor. et 
 
 fruct.) 
 
 Our specimens of this singular plant would resemble en- 
 tirely the D. papposa, Endl. {Atakt. t. 20 et 21.) were its 
 leaves not always dentate. I can see no difference whatever 
 between this and Kotsch y's plant : it is therefore a native of 
 either Ethiopia. 
 
 LII. MoREiE, Endl. 
 
 228. Ficus Lichtensteinii, Link, Enum. Hort. Bei'. 2. p. 451. 
 Hab. In vallibus ins. S. Nicolai, {Forbes^ n. 20. d. 29 Martii, 
 
 1822, sp. fructifera.) 
 
 The young fruit of our species is turbinate, but when ripe 
 lemon-shaped, or nearly round (globuliform), about the size 
 of a small playing marble. The plant corresponds perfectly 
 with F. Lichtensteinii formerly cultivated at the Jardin du 
 Roi at Paris, and which probably came from Berlin, as it is 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 179 
 
 named thus without doubt by Desfontaines in his herbarium. 
 Sprengel unites the species with Ficus Capensis, Thunb. 
 
 LI II. Urtice^, Juss. 
 
 229. ForskahUa procridifolia, Webb ; ramis lignosis pilis 
 patuUs strigosis, foliis lanceolatis acutissimis basi atte- 
 nuatis scabris supra viridibus subtus cinereo-tomentosis 
 subtriplinerviis nervis ascendentibus margine argute ser- 
 rato-dentatis dentibus spinosis, bracteis lanceolatis scariosis, 
 involucro amplo turbinate tubo parce piloso, laciniis ob- 
 longis acutis nudis, antheris rotundatis, stylis pilosissimis 
 longe exsertis, fructu elHptico subconvexo basi in pedi- 
 cellum brevem attenuate. 
 
 230. YoYsVkhXm Candida, Chr. Smith ! I.e. etherb. Mus. Brit. 
 (ex cl. /. D. Hooker) non Linn. fil. 
 
 This plant is nearly aUied to Forsk. tenacissima, L., from 
 which it differs in the shape and sharper teeth of its leaves, its 
 larger and more decidedly funnel-shaj)ed involucrum, by its 
 styles much longer and more hairy, and by the shape of its fruit. 
 Hab. In petrosis et in declivibus aridis vallium ins. S. Ni- 
 
 colai {Forbes, n. 19 et 39. d. 27 et 29 Martii, 1822, sp. 
 . fructifera.) Circa Portum Praya, ins. S. Jacobi {J. Dalton 
 
 Hooker, n. 113.) Specimina vix dum florida. In ins. 
 
 S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 51.) et in ins. S. Vincentii frutex 
 
 dumosus ssepe 2-pedalis {Th. Vogel, n. 71. Junio, 1841, 
 
 spec, fructifera et florida.) 
 
 231. Forskahlia viridis, Ehrenb. ; caule basi lignoso, ramis 
 pilis ascendentibus hirtis vel glabrescentibus, foliis ovato- 
 lanceolatis basi attenuatis subscabris utrinque viridibus vel 
 tomento cinereo sordide albidis triphnerviis nervis divari- 
 catis margine vix revolutis crenato-dentatis dentibus ssepe 
 irregularibus vel subobsoletis, involucro turbinate apice 
 dilatato tubo ad angulos piloso, laciniis late ovatis foliaceis 
 obtusis vel obtusiusculis, stylo breviusculo pubescente, 
 fructu ovali. Forskahlia viridis, Ehrenb. ex hart. Berol. 
 Desf. Cat. Hart. Par. ed. 3. p. 347. 
 
 Hab. In vallibus altioribus circa Portum Praya, ins. S. Ja- 
 
 N 2 
 
180 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 cobi, {J. D. Hooker^ n. 113. Nov. 1839, spec, vix dum 
 florida.) In herb. Mus. reg. Par. spec, florida. 
 
 LIV. Orchide^, Juss. 
 
 232. Habenaria Petromedusa, Webb ; petalis 3 exterioribus 
 ovato-lanceolatis 3-nerviis acutis, 2 interioribus profunde 
 2-partitis exteriorum fere longitudine lacinia superiore 
 oblonga paullulum breviore, inferiore setaceo, labello pe- 
 talis exterioribus parutn longiore usque ad medium 3-fido 
 laciniis filiformibus medio breviore lateralibus divergen- 
 tibus, calcare germine breviore filiformi basi gracillimo 
 apicem versus sub latiore supra labellum incurve, anthera 
 rotundata incurva subtus in cornua 2 horizontalia pro- 
 ducta appendicibus 2 ipsa excedentibus (antheris abortivis) 
 horizontaliter porrectis apice deflexis crassis glandulosis 
 subtensa, germine gracili in pedicellum longum desinente. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 Radix Caulis sesquipedaUs, ei-ectus, gracilis, foliosus. 
 
 Folia ovato-lanceolata, divergentia, 4 poll, longa, 1^ poll, 
 lata. Spica tenuis, sub-3-pollicaris, floribus circiter 15 
 laxis. Bractece lineares, germine 4 lin. long, metiente 
 multo breviores. Petala exteriora circiter \\ lin. longa, 
 I lin. lata. 
 
 This may perhaps be identical with the species described 
 by Swartz in Persoon's Synopsis as Orchis ichneumonea 
 {Habenaria ichneumonea, Lindl.) found by Afzelius at Sierra 
 Leone ; but it is not possible to decide this from his short 
 description. 
 
 Two other Orchideous plants, apparently of the Epiden- 
 drous tribe, occur in the Portuguese collection, but unfor- 
 tunately without flower or fruit. 
 
 LV. ASPARAGINE^, Juss. 
 
 233. Asparagus scoparius, Lowe, Prim. Mad. p. 11. As- 
 paragus plocamoides, Webb, in Steud. Nomencl. p. 150. A. 
 stipularis, Brunn. Ergebn. p. 20 ? 
 
 Hab. Fruticulus facie et magnitudine A. officinalis, Linn. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 181 
 
 Ad apices monticulorum circa Porto Praya et mentis 
 abrupti in valle >S. Dominici, ins. S. Jacobi : cortex argen- 
 teus, {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 10. 2 Nov. 1839, spec, sine 
 flore et fructu, pedicellis solis superstitibus.) 
 This species is common in TenerifFe, on dry rocks, in the 
 
 lower, or African region, where it acquires the height of 
 
 8 feet, or more. It differs from A. officinalis in having very 
 
 numerous fasciculated flowers. 
 Asparagus ? 
 
 A parte media usque ad apicem montis Verede, ins. /S. Vin- 
 centii : frutescens, ramis longis divaricatis dependentibus 
 reclinatis, [Th. Vogel, n. 4. Junio, 1841, spec, foliis fere 
 destituta sine fl. et fruct.) 
 The young branches of this plant are green and striated, 
 
 like those of A. amarus, but the leaves are more aciculated 
 
 and the bracteee subtended by a stronger and longer prickle. 
 There exists in the herb. Mus. Par. a single specimen of 
 
 a species of Smilax very nearly allied to /S. Canariensis, Willd., 
 
 but evidently diflfering from it. 
 
 LVI. JuNCE^, Juss. 
 
 234. Juncus«CM/M5, Lamck. £7^c^/c?. 3.J0. 268. Juncus acutus, 
 a. Linn. Sp. PI p. 463.— Ic. Engl. BoL 1614. 
 
 Hab. In aquosis sub apice montis Verede, ins. S. Vincentii. 
 {Th. Vogel, n. 42. Junio, 1841, spec, fructifera.) 
 
 LVII. COMMELYNE^, R. Br. 
 
 235. Commelyna canescens, Vahl, Enum. 2. p. 73. Roem. et 
 Schult. Syst. I. p. 535. Mant. 1. p. 338. Kunth, Enum. 
 4. p. 50. 
 
 Hab. In valle S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi (J. Dalton Hooker, 
 n. 101. Nov. 1839, spec, flor.) 
 
 LVIII. NAIADE.E, Juss. 
 
 236. Votamogeton pusillus, L. Sp. Pl.p.184. Smith, Fl. Brit, 
 p. 95.— Ic. Engl. Bat. t. 215. El Dan. t. 1451. Nees ab 
 Esenb. fluvial, t. 4. /. 9. et seq. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {Darwin, spec. flor. et fructifera.) 
 
182 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 LIX. Cyperace^, Jusa. 
 
 237. Cyperus alojjecuroides, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. p. 38. /. 8. /. 2. 
 Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 19. 
 
 Hab. In valle -S^. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi Cyperum hunc 
 unicum stirpemque aquaticam unicam inveni (/. D. Hooker, 
 n. 100. Nov. 1839, spec, fructifera.) 
 
 238. Cyperus mucronatus, Rottb. /Q. albidus, Vahl, Enum. 2. 
 jy. 348. K\xnth,Enu7n.p. 17. Cyperus Isevigatus, Zi?m. Ma7it. 
 p. 179. Rottb. Gram. p. 19. C. lateralis, Forsk. FL JEg.- 
 Arab. p. 13. Cy^tv\xs\Xiono%i?ic\\y\x&, Link iti Buck, Beschr. 
 Can. Ins. p. 138.— Ic. Rottb. /. c. t. 16./. 1. 
 
 Hab. In monte Verede ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 500 et 600 
 ped. {Th. Vogel, n. 113) et ad rivulos ins. S. Antonii {id. 
 n. 64, 75 et 99. Junio, 1841, spec. flor. et fruct.) 
 
 239. Cyperus jEgyptiacus, Glox. Obs. p. 20. Kunth, Enum. 
 2. p. 48. Schoenus mucronatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 63. 
 Scbeucbz. Gram. p. 367. — Ic. Glox, /. c. t. 3. Scheuchz. /. c. 
 t. 8. / 1. Mert. et Koch, Deutschl. Fl. 1. p. 450. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. Mus. reg. Par. 
 
 240. Cyprus artiailatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 66. Kunth, Enum. 
 2. JO. 53.— Ic. Sloan. Hist. Jam. 1. /. 81./. 1. 
 
 Hab. In rivulis ins. <S. Nicolai, die 27 Martii, 1822, (Forbes, 
 n. 38. spec, floriferum.) 
 
 241. Cladium Mariscus, R. Br. Prodr. p. 236. Schoenus 
 Mariscus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 62. Cladium Germanicum, 
 Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1. p. 75.— Ic. Schrad. /. c. t. 5./. 7. 
 Fl. Dan. t. 1202. Engl. Bat. t. 950. 
 
 Hab. Ab austrum ins. S. Vincentii in palude ad alt. circiter 
 500 ped. {Th. Vogel, n. 26. Junio, 1841, spec, flor.) 
 
 LX. Gramine.e,* Juss. 
 
 242. Setaria verticillata, Palis, de Beauv. Agrost. p. 51. Pari. 
 
 * Graminum Virideiisium nomenclationem et dcscriptiones benevo- 
 lentiec debemus cl. atque ainicissimi agrostographi Philippi Parlatore, 
 Florentini. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 183 
 
 Fl. Pal. 1. p. 37. et in Webb Phyt. Caii. ined. Panicum 
 
 verticillatum, Lin. Sp. PL 8.2. Desf. Fl. All 1. p. 57.— 
 
 Ic. HorL Gram. Aust. 2. p. 11. lab. 13. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi {J. Dallon Hooker, n. 97. November, 
 
 1839.) In ins. S. Anlonii {Th. Vogel, n. 59. Junio, 1841.) 
 Obs. Variat foliis omnino glabris (specim. ex S. Jacobi) vel 
 
 pilosis (specim. ex ins. S. Antonii.) 
 
 243. Pennisetum cenchroides., Rich, in Pers. Syn. 1. p. 73. 
 Kunth, Enum. pi. 1. p. 162. Pari. PI. Novae, p, 42. et in 
 Webb, Pliyt. Canar. ined. et in Fl. Pal. \.p. 34. Pennisetum 
 distylum, Guss. Index Semin. H. R. Bocc. anno 1826. p. 8. 
 et Fl. sice. Prodr. ^uppl. 1. p. 12. et Syn. Fl. sice. 1. 7?. 115. 
 Pari. Fl. Panorm. 1. p. 71. Bert. Fl. Ital. 1. p. 593. 
 Cenchrus ciliaris, Linn. ! mant. 320. Desf. ! Fl. All. 2. 
 p. 387 ex eorum herbariis. — Ic. Gieseckelc. t. 23. ex Kunth, 
 Phyt. Can. Ic. ined. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, Junio, 1841.) 
 De identitate Penniseti distyli, Guss. cum Cenchro ciliari, 
 Linn, confer quod scripsi in Plant. Nov. et in Fl. Palerm, 
 
 244. Pennisetum lanuginosum, Hochst. in Flora Botan. Zeit. 
 ann. 1844. jy. 252. var. a. 
 
 Hab. Graminum species copiosissima pabulum optimum et 
 semper viride preebet cum reliqua calore usta. (/. Dallon 
 Hooker, n. 95. November, 1839.) 
 
 In specimine ex insula Sancti Jacobi, quod possideo, culmus 
 superne non basi ramosus et folia villosula, sed spica, in- 
 volucrum et spicularum partes cum descriptione et spe- 
 cimine Hochstetteriano ad amussim conveniunt. 
 
 245. Pennisetum myurus, Pari.; panicula spiciformi densi- 
 flora elongata subulata, spiculis solitariis, involucri setis 
 exterioribus paucis, interioribus basi plumoso sublanatis, 
 earura altera spiculos subduplo superante, culmis apice 
 ramosis, vaginisque glaberrimis, foliis late linearibus superne 
 scabris. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi copiosa (/. Dalton Hooker, n. 92. 
 
 November, 1839.) 
 Radio: deest. . . .Cidmus ereetus, teres, striatus, glaberrimus, 
 
.184 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 apice ramosus, vestitus. Vagina laxfle, striatae, glabrae, 
 internodio fere dimidio breviores. Ligul<B loco setarum 
 series. Folia late linearia, 2-3 lineas lata, acuminata, 
 striata, plana, in pagina superiore et margine scabra. Pa- 
 nicula spiciformis, terminalis, densiflora, elongata, 2-3| 
 poll, longa, subulata, subgracilis, multiflora, rufescens. 
 Rachis subflexuosa, angulata, ad angulos sub lente ciliato- 
 scabros denticulata. Spicule approximatfe, alternfe, sessiles, 
 solitaria^. Involucri setce exteriores paucse, breves, inje- 
 quales, scabrse, interiores basi plumoso-lanatee, longitudine 
 valde inasquales, maxima parte spicula longiores, altera 
 omnium longior, spicula solitaria intra involucrum breviter 
 pedicellata, basi lanugine alba tecta, biflora. ValvcB caly- 
 cince valde ineequales, inferior spicula tertia parte minor, 
 ovata, acuta, enervis, superior spiculam longitudine su- 
 ])erans, oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata et mucronato- 
 aristata, hyalino-albida, puberula, quinquenervis, nervis 
 obsolete purpurascentibus, a basi ad apicem protractis, 
 nervo carinali puberulo et apicem versus ciliato-scabro. 
 Flosculus inferior neuter, ejus valvar incequales, inferior 
 major oblonga, obtusa, apice lacera, hyalino-albida, pube- 
 rula, quinquenervis, carina ciliolato-scabra; superior lineari- 
 lanceolata, acuta, apice aristulata, margine ciliolata. Flos- 
 culi superioris hermaphroditi valvae cartilaginese nitidse, 
 Iseves, inferior superioreni angustiorem araplectens. Sta- 
 mina 3. Styli 2, stigmatibus exsertis, plumosis, purpu- 
 rascentibus, 
 
 A Penniseto lanuyinoso precipue differt panicula subgracili, 
 densiflora, magis elongata et subulata, spiculis approxi- 
 matis minoribus, solitariis, baud ternis, setis interioribus 
 brevioribus nee dense lanatis, valva calycina superiore 
 apice mucronato-aristata, aliisque notis. 
 
 246. Pennisetum ciliatum, Pari. ; panicula spiciformi densi- 
 flora elongata, spiculis solitariis, flosculu inferiore neutro, 
 involucri setis exterioribus paucis brevibus setaceis, inte- 
 rioribus setaceis basi plumosis, omnibus spicula longiori- 
 bus, altera longissima, culmo ramoso ad nodos pubescenti- 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 185 
 
 tonientoso, foliis linearibus, supra scabris, basin versos 
 longiuscule villoso-ciliatis. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii ad dimidium mentis Verede {Th. 
 Vogel, n. 112. Junio, 1841.) 
 
 Radix fibrosa, fibris crassiusculis, rufescentibus, subpubescen- 
 tibus. Cidmus ertciViS etsubascendens, 1^2 pedalis, teres, 
 striatus, glaber, ad nodos pubescenti-tomentosus, totus ves- 
 titus, ramosus. Vaffina laxiusculse, striates, glabrae, internodio 
 subduplo longiores. Fo/ia linearia, l|-2 lin. lata, acuminata, 
 elongata, striata, plana, subtus levia, margine et pagina supe- 
 riore scabra, basin versus longiuscule villoso-ciliata. Ligula 
 semilinearis, ciliato-lacera. Panicula spiciformis, densiflora, 
 H-3 pollices longa, subgracilis, acutiuscula, basi vagina 
 folii supremi involucrata, pallida (ex sicco). Rachis glabra, 
 denticulata. Spicules solitarisBj parvEe, alternse, sessiles, bi- 
 floree. Involucri setse exteriores paucee, setacese, sub lente 
 scabriuscul^e, spicula breviores vel subsequales, setse inte- 
 riores setace^e, sub vitro scabriusculse, basi plumosfe, lon- 
 gitudine valde insequales, inferior minor, lineari-oblonga, 
 acuta, hyalino-membranacea, enervis, margine apicem versus 
 sub lente subciliolato, superior spicula longitudine sub- 
 sequalis, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, submucronata, hyalino- 
 membranacea, puberula, quinquenervis, nervo carinali sca- 
 briusculo. Flosculi neutri valde insequales, valvula inferior 
 major oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtuse subemarginata, in 
 medio emarginaturse mucronata, hyalino-membranacea, pu- 
 berula, obsolete subquinquenervis, nervo carinali apicem 
 versus sub lente scabriusculo, superior minor et angustior, 
 acuta, margine scabriusculo. Flosculi superioris herma- 
 phroditi valvse cartilaginese, nitidse, inferiore majore su- 
 periorem amplectente. Styli connati, stigmatibus plumosis, 
 elongatis, fuscis. 
 
 247. Digitaria 6re%erfl, Roth, Nov. Sp.S7. Roem. et Schultes, 
 Syst. Veg. 2. p. 474. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi [J. D. Hooker, n. 87. November, 
 1839.) 
 
 248. Panicum Daltoni, Pari. ; spicis simplicibus oblongis 
 
186 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 obtusis, spiculis muticis, racheos raniis raargine superne 
 sub spicularum insertione setosis, foliis glabris planis 
 margine cartilagineo eleganter serrulato-scabris, culmo 
 ramoso vaginisque glabris. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi {J. Dalton Hooker, n. 83. Nov. 
 1839. 
 
 Radix fibrosa, fibris albidis, villosulis. Culmus ascendens, 
 ramosus, pedalis et ultra, glaber, levis, striatus, superne 
 aliquo tactu nudus. Vagince cornpressse, striata, laxse, 
 glabrfie. Ligida nulla. Folia late linearia, 2-2i lin. lata, 
 acuminata, plana, striata, glabra, levia, margine cartilagineo 
 eleganter serrulato-scabra. Panicula terminalis, subgracilis, 
 2-3 poUicaris, subsecunda, fere ut in Panico Colono, Linn. 
 Rachis flexuosa, striata, externe convexo-obtusangula, in- 
 terne ad spicules excipiendos canaliculata, glabra, margine 
 precipue scabra. Ejus rami alterni spicarum axem effor- 
 manteSjflexuosi, subcompressi, margine ciliato-scabri, etsub 
 spicularum insertione 1-2 setas albas, rigidas, spiculam sub- 
 requantes gerentes. Spica alternjE, simplices, erectfe, rachi 
 subapproximatse, oblongse, obtusse, superiores breviores e 
 viridi-purpurascentes. Spicule ovatse, unilaterales, mutica?. 
 Valv(S calycintB valde insequales, inferior minima, cor- 
 dato-ovata, acuta, trinervis, nervis viridibus, scabris, 
 superior major, ovato-concava, quinquenervis, nervis va- 
 lidis, viridibus, scabris. Flosculi hermaphroditi valva; carti- 
 lagineo, glabra, nitidse, inferior major ovata, acuta, su- 
 periorem angustiorem longitudinaliterque striatam am- 
 plectens. Flosculi neutri valva? coroUinse insequales, inferior 
 major ovata, acuta, quinquenervis, nervis scabris, viridibus, 
 superior hyalino-membranacea, minor, obtusa. 
 
 Hab. Affine Panico Colono, Linn., sed foliis margine cartila- 
 gineo serrulato-scabris, spicis brevioribus, ramisque racheos 
 setosis, aliisque notis satis superque distinctum. In her- 
 bario Musai Britannici planta hac ex India Orientali extat 
 sub nomine Panici Cruris- Corvi ut Panicum Crus-Corvi ex 
 herbario Linneano inspectione milii a Panico Crure-Galli 
 vix diversum videtur et sicut hujus varietatem teneo. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 187 
 
 249. Panicum rachitrichum, Hochst. in Flor. Bot. Zeit. 1844, 
 p. 254. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi, vallibus circa oppiduni Porto 
 Pray a {J. D. Hooker, n. 83, November, 1839.) 
 
 250. Paspalum scrohiculatum, Linn. Mant. \. p. 29. Rcem. et 
 Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2. p. 296. Kunth, Enum. PL 1 p. 53. 
 
 Hab. In insula *S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 251. Aristida Adscensionis, Linn. Sp. PI. 121. Kunth, Enum. 
 PL 1. p. 160. Pari. PL Nova, p. 44. et in Webb, Phyt. 
 Canar, ined. et FL Palerm. 1 p. 59. — Ic. Aristida coeru- 
 lescens, Desf. FL AtL t. 21. f. 2. 
 
 Hab. In ins S. Jacobi, circa Porto Praya, copiosa. Gramen 
 fragile, culmi dirupti et aristae glomes efFormant qui cruri- 
 bus ambulantium adhoerent Isedantque (/. D.Hooker, n. 91. 
 November, 1839.) 
 
 252. hgros[\s stolonif era, 1j.\ Sp. PL 93. Gnss. FL Sic. Prodr. 
 l.p.57. Pari. F/. Palerm. 1. jo. 66. Agrostis verticillata, 
 VilL Hist, des PL du Bauph. 2. p. 74. Guss. FL Sic. Syn. 
 l.p. 134. Bert. FL ItaL \ p. 408.— Ic. Trin. Sp. Gram. 
 
 fasc. 8. 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii {Th. Vogel, Junio, 1841.) 
 Confer observationes nostras in FL PaL L c. 
 
 253. Sporobolus insularis, Pari. ; panicula spiciformi cylin- 
 dracea conferta continua, ramisadpresso-erectis superiori- 
 bus brevissimis, spiculis oblongis, valvis calycinis acutius- 
 culis inferiore paleis breviore superiore subeequali, foliis 
 linearibus subulatis rigidis glabris, ligula brevissima trun- 
 cata ad angulos pilorum fasciculo munita, vaginis glabris 
 margine superiore piloso-ciliatis, culmo ramoso rigido 
 tereti. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii in altioribus montis Verede 
 (Th. Vogel, n. 97. Junio, 1841.) 
 
 Radix .... fibris albidis, villoso-lanatis, Culmi casspitosi, 
 erecti, subpedales, teretes, striati, glabri, penitus vestiti. 
 Folia linearia, subulata, acuminata, rigida, striata, glabra, 
 margine scabriuscula. Vagince striatee, glabrae, margine 
 superne villoso-ciliatcc, vagina suprema paniculec basin 
 
188 SPICILEGTA GORGONEA. 
 
 involucrante. Ligula brevissima, truncata, ad extremi- 
 tates pilorum fasciculo munita. Panicula spiciformis, cy- 
 lindracea, conferta, continua, 4-5 pollices longa, ejus rami 
 adpresso-erecti, superiores brevissimi. Rachis valde striata, 
 glabra. Spiculce parvse, pallide flavse, oblongfe^ uniflorse. 
 Valvce calycinse acutiusculse, oblongse, carinatse, carina sub 
 lente scabriuscula, albo-membranacepe, glabrse, longitudine 
 insequales, inferior corolla brevier, superior subsequalis. 
 Valv<s corollinse albo-membranacefe, glabrae, acutiusculae, 
 inferior uninervis, subcarinata, superior bicarinata. 
 Sporobolo Capensi, quem ex Capite Bonse Spei possideo, 
 affinis, sed diflfert culmo tereti, ligulis vaginisque ad mar- 
 gines superne pilosis, panicula minus elongata, baud basi 
 interrupta, valvis calycinis acutiusculis non acutatis. 
 
 254. Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Syn. \.p. 85. Pari. Fl. Panorm. 
 p. 124. et in Webb, Phyt. Canar. ined. et Fl. Pal 1. p. 88. 
 Ten. FL Nap. ^. p. 70. Bert. Fl. Hal. 1. p. 112. Panicum 
 Dactylon, lAnn. Sp. PL 85. Sibth. et Smith, FL Grac. Prodr. 
 1. p. 40, Paspalon Dactylon, DC. Fl. Franc. S. p. 15. 
 Digitaria Dactylon, Scop. FL Cam. \.p. 52. Vis. FL Dalm. 
 l.j». 54. Cynodon linearis, Willd. Enum. 30. Panicum 
 lineare, Burm. Ind. 26. t. 10. — Ic. Sibth. et Smith, FL 
 Grac. t. 60. Host, Gram. Austr. 2. p. 15. /. 18. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Antonii (Th. Voffel, Junio, 1841.) 
 
 255. Eleusine Indica, Gsertn. /. c. Kunth, I. c. Humb. et 
 Kunth, Nov. Gen. p. 165. Pari, in Webb, Phyt. Canar. ined. 
 Cynosurus Indicus, Linn., Willd. L c. — Ic. Trin. Ic. t. 71. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Antonii {Th. Vogel, n. 62. Junio, 1841.) 
 
 256. Eragrostis pulchella. Pari. ; panicula spiciformi laxius- 
 cula stricta, ramis brevibus erecto-patentibus, spiculis 4-6- 
 floris, valvis calycinis acutis corollinaque inferiore trinervi 
 apice obtusiuscula cum acumine, carina sub lente ciliolato- 
 scabris, valva corollina superiore longe pectinato-ciliata, 
 culmo brevi gracili, foliis planis glabris ligula vaginisque 
 margine longe piloso-ciliatis. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi, valle S. Dominici {J. D. Hooker, 
 n. 81. November, 1839.) 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 189 
 
 Radix fibrosa, fibris tenuibus, albidis, pubescentiljus, Culmus 
 gracilis, teres, striatus, glaber, simplex, erectus, 4-5-polli- 
 caris, totus vestitus. Folia linearia, 1-1 ^ lineam lata, 2 
 pollices fere longa, acuminata, plana, glabra, levia, margine 
 scabriuscula, striata. Vagince laxse, internodio longiores, 
 striatee, margine piloso-ciliatEe. Ligulce loco pilorum series, 
 ad margines longiorum. Panicula spiciformis, laxiuscula, 
 stricta, subbipollicaris, basi subinterrupta. Rachis glabra, 
 teres, ejus rami filiformes, breves, erecto-patentes vel subad- 
 pressi, sub lente scabriusculi. <^icM/«4-6-flor8e,ovat8e,parv8e. 
 Valvce calycince^, subsequales, membranacese, albid8e,concav8e, 
 carinatse, carina viridi sub vitro ciliato-scabra, apice acuta, 
 flosculo proximo breviores. Valvce corollince membra- 
 nacese, albidse, parum insequales, inferior major, lanceolato- 
 oblonga, obtusiuscula cum mucronulo, trinervis, nervis 
 viridibus, nervo carinali sub lente ciliolato-scabro : su- 
 perior ovata, obtusa, bicarinata, carinis pilis longis pecti- 
 nato-ciliatis. 
 
 257. Saccharum Tenefiffa, Lin. Jil. Suppl. p. 106. Sibth. et 
 Smith, Fl. Gi-(Ec. p. 39. t. 53. Biv. Sic. PL manip. 4. p. 5. 
 t. 1. Guss. Fl. Sic. Prodr. I. p. 137. et Syn. Fl. Sic. 1. 
 p. 159. Bert. Fl. Ital. \. p. 328. Pari, in Webb, Phyt. Can. 
 ined. Panicum Teneriflfee, Br-oivn, Prodr. 1. p. 39. Kunth, 
 Enum. PI. 1. p. 98. Panicum villosum, Presl, Cyp. et 
 Gram. Sic. p. 18. Tricholsena micrantha, Schrad. in Schultes, 
 Syst. Veg. Mant. 2. p. 163.— Ic. Biv. /. c. Sibth. et Smith, 
 I. c. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jacobi rupestribus (/. D. Hooker, n. 84. 
 Junio, 1839.) In ins. S. Vincentii {TJi. Vogel, n. 98. 
 Junio, 1841.) In ins. S. Antonii [id.) 
 
 258. Andropogon hirtum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1482. Sibth. et Smith, 
 Fl. Grac. Prodr. I. p. 48. Desf. Fl. All, 2. p. 378. Pari. 
 FL Palerm. 1. p. 269. — Ic. Host, Gram. Austr. 4. t. 1. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Vincentii rupibus excelsioribus (Th, Vogel, 
 n. 108. Junio, 1839.) 
 
 259. Andropogon /oyeo/a^Mm, Delil. FL Mgypt. 16. t. 8. /. 2. 
 Kunth, Enum. PL p. 490.— Ic. Delil. /. c. 
 
190 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA, 
 
 Hab. In insula S. A?itonii {Th. Vogel.) 
 
 260. Andropogon, sp. ? 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii [Th. Vogel, n. 636. Junio, 1839.) 
 
 261. Andropogon, sp. ? 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Jagi {Th. Vogel, n. 63.) 
 
 Mala speciraina habeo unde harum duarum plantarum 
 
 diagnosin facere vel descriptionem adumbrate baud 
 
 possum. 
 
 262. Heteropogon contortum, Roem. et Scbultes, Syst. Veg. 2. 
 p. 836. Nees ab Esenb. in Linnaa, p. 284. Andropogon 
 
 contortum, L. Sp. PL 1480. Brown, Prodr. 1. ^;. 401. 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi montosis, ad altitudinem 800 pedum 
 cujus inter culmos crassos siceosque errant seque abscon- 
 dunt (J. D. Hooker, n. 89. November, 1839.) 
 
 263. Heteropogon, sp, ? 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi ad apiceni coUium (/. D. Hookei', 
 n. 90. November, 1839.) 
 
 Stirpem nee genus ob speciminis imperfectione determinate 
 exacte nequeo. 
 MoNACHYRON, Pari. Gen. Nov. Andropogoneis aflF. ? 
 
 Spicules triflorpe, flosculo inferiore neutro, univalvi, medio her- 
 mapbrodito, superioreque masculo, bivalvi. Valva calycina 
 unica, a floribus remota, linearis, membranacea, mutica, 
 flosculis valde brevior. Flosculi inferioris valva corollina 
 unica, concavo-carinata, apice bifida, e sinu aristata, arista 
 setacea, subulata, recta, arefactione subflexuosa. Flosculi 
 medii valvse corollinae 2, subscquales, membranacefe, mutica;, 
 concavo-carinatse, apice obtuse bifidse. Stamina 3. Styli 
 breves. Stigmata aspergilliformia ? Caryopsis . . . . ? Flos- 
 culi superioris valvse corollinse 2, subsequales, inferior valvam 
 corollinam flosculi inferioris semulans, superior bicarinata, 
 apice subbifida. 
 
 Genus ab spicularum structura, qua; mea sententia difficil- 
 lissime explicanda, certe singularis et ab omnibus Gra- 
 minum generibus omnino distinctum. — Nomen ex gluma 
 calycina unica fiovo^ una et axvpov gluma desumpsi. An valva 
 corollina flosculis inferioris ut valvam alteram calycinam 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 191 
 
 sit habenda et spiculse biflorse unde genus ad Avenaceas sit 
 referendum ? 
 
 264. Monacliyron villosum, Pari. 
 
 Hab. In insula S. Jacobi {J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 Radio? fibrosa, fibris tenuibus, puberulis. Culmi erecti, sub- 
 pedales, graciles, basi geniculati, ramosi, teretes, superne 
 aliquo tractu nudi ibique pube horizontali alba velutini. 
 Folia anguste linearia, 1-1^ lin. lata, acuminata, longiuscula, 
 striata, inferne levia, superne pilis brevibus adpressis sub 
 lente munita. Vagince laxse, valide striatic, pilosse, pilis 
 brevibus velutinis, aliis longioribus crassioribus inter- 
 mixtis. Ligulce loco pilorum series. Panicula ramosa, 
 2-2| poll, longa, acutiuscula, ramis subgeminis, ramo altero 
 breviore, capillaribus, flexuosis. Spicules solitarise, tri- 
 flor?e, flosculo inferiore neutro univalvi, intermedio her 
 maphrodito bivalvi, superiore masculo bivalvi, pedicel- 
 latee, pedicellis apice incrassatis villosisque. Valva ca- 
 lycina unica bracteseformis, membranacea, linearis, obtusa, 
 basi piloso-barbata, apice sub vitro scabra. Flosculi infe- 
 rioris valva corollina unica, membranacea, oblongo-lanceo- 
 lata, apice acute bifida, exquisite quinquenervis, nervo 
 carinali in aristam setaceam, subulatam, scabram, arefiic- 
 tione flexuosam, valva ipsa subaequalem terminato, dorso 
 undique pilis albis vestita. Flosculi niedii valvse corollinse 
 2, flosculo inferiore dimidio breviores, inter se subsequales, 
 membranacere, concavo-carinatas, carina a medio ad apicem 
 glandulis nigris minutis prsesertira in valva superiore 
 munitse, apice obtuse vel truncato-bifidse, valva inferior 
 latiuscula, quinquenervis, valvam inferiorem genitaliaque 
 amplectens. Stamina S, antheris linearibus, luteis, utrin- 
 que eraarginatis, grandibus. Styli breves. Stigmata as- 
 pergilliformia ex apice floris egredientia. Caryopsidem 
 non vidi. Flosculi superioris valvse corollinse insequales, 
 inferior valvam corollinam flosculi inferioris semulans sed 
 pauUo angustior, superior brevior, linearis, bicarinata, 
 carinis apicem versus longiuscule ciliato-villosis, apice sub- 
 bifida. Stamina 1-2. 
 
192 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 LXI. EQUISETACEiE. 
 
 265. Equisetum pallidum, Bory ! Exp. de Moree, Bot. p. 282. 
 Equisetum ephedroides, ejusd. Fl. du Pelop. p. -66. — Ic. 
 Bory, ExpM. de Mor. Bot. t. 35. Fl. du Pelop. t. 37. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 LXII. FiLICES. 
 
 266. Ophioglossum reticulatum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1518. 
 Ophioglossum cordatum e^ reticulatum, Plum.Jil.p. 141. — 
 Ic. Plum. I. c. t. 164. Lamck, ///. /. 864./. 2. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 267. Cystopteris odorata, Presl, Tent. p. 93. Aspidium odo- 
 ratum, Bory ! in Willd. Sp. PL 5. p. 286. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus siccis umbros. ins. S. Nicolai (die 
 29 Martii, 1822. Forbes, n. 23. spec, sorophora.) Ad 
 occidentem et meridiem ins. S. Vincentii ad alt. 600 ped. 
 {Th. Vogel) apicem versus monticuli cujusdam in valle 
 S. Dominici ins. S. Jacobi [J. D. Hooker.) 
 
 268. Pteris ensifolia, Desf. AtL 2. p, 401. Bury, FL PeL 
 p. 68. Pteris longifolia, Guss. Syn. Fl. Sic. 2. pars 2. 
 p. 657, an Linn. ? a qua secundum cl. Bory. 1. c. difFert. — 
 Ic. Alp. Exot. p. 66. Bocc. Mus. t. 46. Bory, L c. t. 39. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus umbrosis humidis ins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, 
 p. 24. d. 30, Mart. 1822.) In ins. S. Antonii {Th. Vogel). 
 
 269. Adiantum Capillus Veneris, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1558. — Ic. 
 Matth. {Valgris 1565) p. 1201. Cam. epiL p. 924. EngL 
 Bot. t. 320. Turp. FL Med. t. 94. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Antonii et S. Nicolai {Forbes n. 14 et 25.) 
 
 270. Adiantum Capillus Gorgonis, Webb ; stipite tereti Isete 
 purpurascente pilis mollibus subpaleaceis fulvis hirtulo, 
 rachide apice nudiuscula seepe radicante, fronde pinnata, 
 pinnis remotiusculis subsessilibus subflabellato-3-angula- 
 ribus sulcato-lineatis pilosis, margine inferiore a basi leviter 
 incurvo, interiore a rachide dimoto subincurvo, margine 
 superiore profunde 3-4-laciniato, sinubus latis divaricatis 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 193 
 
 laciniis oblongis apice latioribus rotundatis, crenatis, indu- 
 
 siis latis quadratis hirtis. 
 Hab. In muris Sacchari agrorum villium insulse S. Nicolai 
 
 {Forbes, n. 21. d. 30 Martii, 1822.) In sylvis Euphorbia 
 
 et alibi passim in ins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, 3. d. 30 Martii, 
 
 1822) ad apicem Montis Verede, ins. S. Vincentii {Th. 
 
 Vogel, n. 5. Junio, 1841.) In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. 
 
 reg. Par.) 
 
 Though this species comes near the Adiantum caudatum, 
 Linn., and A. hirsutum, Bory, the shape and the incisures of 
 the leaves, as well as of the indusia, are very distinct. It 
 may perhaps be the plant called A. incisum by Forskahl, 
 {Fl. yEg. Arab. p. 187) but it does not agree with the short 
 description he gives of that species. 
 
 272. Asplenium polydactylon, Webb ; stipitis robusti per 
 totam longitudinem paleacei nervo medio tereti marginibus 
 revolutis, fronde ad apicem stipitis a basi digitato-radiata 
 sexies dichotoma, dichotomia summa brevi eequali pinnis 
 linearibus latiusculis planiusculis apice 2-3-dentatis, den- 
 tibus 2-apiculatis. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 A nostra B, radiatum, Presl, quod verum quoque Asplenium 
 nee Blechnum, difFert stipitibus debilibus filiformibus basi 
 nudis, fronde quater raro quinties dichotoma, pinnis angustis 
 ssepe longitudine insequalibus, apice acutis vel irregulariter 
 ad latera dentatis. 
 
 Our comparison has been established with a plant brought 
 by Commerson from the Mauritius in the herbarium of Des- 
 fontaines, and ticketed " Asplenium radiatum, Sp. PI. 308," 
 in the handwriting of Willdenow, which agrees perfectly with 
 the figure of Vahl. To which, or whether to either of these, 
 the synonymy of Forskahl should be appended, appears doubt- 
 ful, unless Vahl had himself seen the plant of that author. 
 
 273. Ks^\Q.n\\xxi\ palmatum, Lamck. Encycl. 2. 302. Swartz, 
 Syn.p. 75.— Ic. Pluk. Phytogr. t. 287./. 4. 
 
 Hab. Ad arborum radices in declivibus umbrosis ins. S. Ni- 
 colai, {Forbes, d. 3 Martii, 1822.) 
 
 o 
 
194 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 274. Asplenium Canariense, Willd. Sp. PL 5. p. 336. A. gemi- 
 naria, Bory, lies Fort. p. 313. 
 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii [Th. Vogel.) In herb. ins. Cap. 
 Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 275. Aspidium molle, Swartz, Syn. p. 49. Willd. Sp. PL 5. 
 p. 246. Link, FiL Spec. p. 100. Brunner, Eryebn.p. 20. — 
 Ic. Jacq. Ic. Rar, 3. t. 640. Schkuhr, Crypt. Germ. t. 34. b. 
 
 Hab. In umbrosis humidis ins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, n. 22. 
 die 30 Martii, 1822.) 
 
 276. Aspidium elongatum, Swartz, Syn. p. 55. Polypodium 
 elongatum, Hort. Keiv. S. p. 465. Nepbrodium elongatum, 
 Lowe Nov. FL Mad. p. 5. 
 
 Hab. In declivibus umbrosis ins. S. Nicolai {Forbes, n. 27. 
 
 die 29 Martii, 1822.) 
 
 A species of Nephrodium occurs in the herbarium of the 
 Cape de Verd islands of the Paris Museum, but without sori, 
 and scarcely therefore determinable. 
 
 277. Nothochlsena Maranta, R. Br. Prod. p. 146. N. subcordata, 
 Desv. Journ. S.p. 92. Encycl. SuppL-ii.p. 110. Acrostichum 
 Maranta, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1527. A. subcordatum, Cav. Anal, 
 de Cienc. Nat. 4. p. 97. A. Canariense, Willd. Sp. PL 5. 
 p. 121 / (ex spec. herb. Desf. a viro celeberrimo notato.) 
 Pteris Canariensis, Presl, Syn. p. 145. Ic. Schkuhr, Crypt. 
 Gewachst. t. 4. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 278. Nothochlsena lanuginosa, Desv. Encycl. Supjil. 4. p. 110. 
 Acrostichum velleum, Hort. Keiv. ed. 1.3. p. 457. Acros- 
 tichum lanuginosum, Desf. FL Atl. 2. /;. 400. — Ic. Desf. 
 /. c. t. 256. Schkulir, Crypt. Germ. 1. /. 1. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 LXII. Musci.* 
 
 279. Notarisia crispata, Montag. in fVebb et Berth. FL Can. 
 Sect. ult. p. 14. N. Cupensis, Hanipe in Linncea. Ortho- 
 
 • I am indebted to my learned collaborator and excellent friend. 
 Dr. Montagne, for the following list of the few Cellular plants con- 
 tained in the collections from the Cape de Verd Islands.- — P.B.W. 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 195 
 
 trichum ? crispatum, Hook, et Grev. Edinb. Journ. of Sc. 
 \.p. 115. Coll. n. 119. 
 Hab. In summo Monte Verede ad altitudinem 400 hexap. 
 supra mare lecta, ins. S. Vincentii, {Th. Vogel.) 
 
 280. Macromitriura, sp ? 
 
 Specimina sterilia, cum priori mixta inveni. {Th. Vogel). 
 M. Nepalensi quoad habitura simile at foliorum forma 
 diversum, vix vero determinandum. 
 
 LXIII. Hepatic^. 
 
 281. Ma.rcha.ntia. papillata, Raddi. — Nees ab Esenb. Hep. Eur. 
 4. p. 109. Syn. Hepat.p. 258. 
 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 282. FruUania nervosa, Montag. /. c. p. 55. Nees, Lindg. 
 et Gottsche, Syn. Hepat. p. 439. 
 
 Hab. Cum prioribus et eisdem immixta. 
 
 Obs. Specimen, licet singulum adsit, hancce speciem in 
 
 plantis Canariensibus olira describendis conditam genui- 
 
 nam esse pulchre et abunde confirmans. 
 
 LXIV. Fungi. 
 
 283. Coniothecium anisosporum, Montag. MS. ; acervulis 
 minutis hemisphgericis confluentibus erumpentibus atris, 
 sporis conglomeratis magnitudine variis fusco-atris e glo- 
 boso-oblongis angulatis impellucidis, episporio papulose. 
 
 Hab. Ad corticem arborum. {Th. Vogel.) 
 
 Pustul(B minutee, vix ^ millim. diametro metientes, aterrimae, 
 spheeriam quamdam mentientes, sparste aut tandum con- 
 fluentes. Sporee sub epidermide candicante conglobatae 
 et conglutinatee, quoad magnitudinem multum variantes, 
 ^2-i^ ad TT^^ millim. crassse, globoscE, oblongee, angulatge, 
 opacee, episporio papuloso vestitse, corticem baud cons- 
 purcantes. 
 
 Ab omnibus speciebus hucusque cognitis hsec episporio papu- 
 loso diflferre videtur. 
 
 o 2 
 
196 SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 
 
 LXV. LiCHENEs, Linn. 
 
 284f. Ftvem'm Jianicans, Fries, Lick. Eur. Borrera, Ach. 
 Hab. In ins. S. Vincentii lecta, {Th. Vogel, n. 117 et 118.) 
 
 285. Ramalina usneoides, Montag. Crypt. Bras, nee non in 
 Explor. Sclent. Alger, cum icone. Alectoria usneoides, 
 Ach. 
 
 Hab. In arboribus /S. Vincentii. 
 
 286. Ramalina scopulorum, Ach. 
 
 Hab. In rupibus basalticis ins. S. Vincentii ad altitud. 
 250 hexapod. supra mare lecta. {Th. Vogel^ n. 115.) 
 
 287. Roccella tinctoria, Ach. 
 
 Hab. Ad rupes cum priori (Collect, n. 116.) 
 
 288. Parmelia leucomela^ Fries, Lick. Eur. Borrera, Ach. 
 Hab. In herb. ins. Cap. Vir. {Mus. reg. Par.) 
 
 LXVI. Alg^, Linn. 
 
 281. Sargassum fissifoliuniy Ag. Syst. Alg, I. p. 303. Montag. 
 
 /. c. p. 132 cum descriptione. Fucus fissifolius, Mert. in 
 
 Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, t. 5. j». 180. 
 Hab. In mari Atlantico prope Cap. Vir. (/. D. Hooker). 
 
 290. Cystoseira Abies marina, Ag. Spec. Alg. \.p. 54. Montag. 
 /. c. p. 137. 
 
 Hab. In littore Ins. Cap. Vir. (/. D. Hooker.) 
 
 291. Galaxaura umbellata, Lamx. 
 
 Hbb. In oris insulae S. Vincentii inter maris rejectamenta, 
 {Th. Vogel.) 
 
 292. Galaxaura yr«_^i/i5, Lamx. 
 
 Hab. In littore ins. S. Antonii, cum priore rejecta. 
 
 293. Liagora decussata, Montag. MS. ; fronde calce incrus- 
 tata filiformi tereti virgato-ramosa, ramis oppositis, ramulis 
 decussatis subulatis erectis apice nudo vinoso-lilacinis. 
 
 Hab. Ins. S. Vincentii, ad oras rejecta. (Legit cl. Forbes.) 
 
 Alga maxime spectabilis et inter omnes hujusce generis 
 
 species pulcherrima. Frons basi scuto parvulo rupibus 
 
 affixa, albo-incrustata, filiformis, setam porcinam, si de- 
 
 nuduta, crassa, cum crusta vero sat crassa et fragilissima 
 
SPICILEGIA GORGONEA. 197 
 
 qua obducta est pennam passerinam adsequans, sensitn 
 attenuata, spithamsea, a basi ramosa. Rami ut pluriraura 
 oppositi, longissimi, virgati, ramulis instruct! brevibus, 
 bilinearibus, decussatis ! subulatis, erectis, infer ne ut et 
 frons calce porosa incrustatis albis, apice nudo lilacinis vel 
 hoc colore quern Galli vocant lie de vin tinctis. Totius 
 frondis nee non ramorum primariorum circurascriptio gene- 
 ralis lanceolata, ita ut planta taxiformis dici potuisset. 
 Structura omnino generis. Sporarum glomeruli inter iila 
 moniliformia horizon taliter irradiantia nidulantes et in 
 ramulis laterales, sphserici, -j^ millim. crassi. Sporas 
 minimae, obovatse, inter paraphyses e nucleo centrali quo- 
 quo versus irradiantes, dichotomas, articulatas obvise. 
 
 SpecieSj si qua, genuina nee cum ulla alia confundenda. 
 
 293. Alsidium triangulares L Agarah, in Linnasa 15, p. 28. 
 
 Hab. In ins. Cap, Vir. [Forbes.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA; 
 
 OR, A 
 
 CATALOGUE OF THE PLANTS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RIVER NIGER, THE ISLAND OF FERNANDO PO, 
 
 AND ADJACENT PARTS OF 
 
 WESTERN TROPICAL AFRICA; 
 
 FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF 
 
 Dr. Th. VOGEL: 
 
 TO WHICH ARE ADDED THOSE OF 
 
 MR. G. DON AND OTHER TRAVELLERS : 
 
 BV 
 
 JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., R.N., F.R.S., L.S., &c. 
 
 AND 
 
 GEORGE BENTHAM, ESQ. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The following pages contain a complete enumeration of all 
 the plants collected by the late Dr. Vogel and his companions 
 at Sierra Leone and other parts of the Guinea Coast, on the 
 River Niger and its branches, and in the Island of Fernando 
 Po, and of those gathered by Mr. George Don, chiefly at Sierra 
 Leone and in the Island of St. Thomas, when collecting for the 
 Horticultural Society. It had been wished to include also all 
 other collections from the same country to which access could 
 be had, but it was found that the work would thus have been 
 extended beyond the prescribed limits, both as to bulk and 
 time; it has therefore been confined to the above-mentioned 
 enumeration, with the occasional addition of a few others of 
 peculiar interest, from the Hookerian Herbarium. At the same 
 time, all other species hitherto pubhshed from Western Tropical 
 Africa, including Senegambia, are mentioned by name, and 
 wherever unpublished species have been found in the Herbaria 
 of Sir W. Hooker or of Mr. Bentham, they have been alluded to 
 under their respective genera, and the geographical range of 
 each species is given as far as known wherever they extend 
 beyond the region here in question. The geographical botanist 
 will thus find a Flora as complete for his purpose as the 
 materials could furnish. 
 
 The manuscript, as far as the Leguminosce inclusive, was 
 prepared, with such exceptions as are specially indicated by 
 notes, by Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker previously to his departure 
 for India. This manuscript has been revised by Mr. Bentham, 
 who has prepared for press the remainder of the natural Orders. 
 In this, however, he has been guided by a considerable number 
 of analyses made by Dr. Hooker, and some memoranda made 
 by Dr. Planchon in the Hookerian Herbarium. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 I. Ranunculace^. 
 
 1. ClemsLtiB ffrandiflora, DC. Syst. Veg. 1. p. 151. — C. chlo- 
 rantha, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1234. — Sierra Leone^ Don. 
 The west coast of Africa offers a striking instance of the 
 scarcity of Ranunculaceae in all hot^ damp and low climates ; 
 for there it is represented by a solitary genus, and of this genus 
 one other species only is known as an inhabitant, the C. hirsuta, 
 Guill. and Pen*., from the Cape de Verd. It is probable that, 
 as in Tropical Asia, the genus affects hilly localities, for no 
 species occur in any of the collections made on the flat and 
 humid coasts south of Sierra Leone. 
 
 II. DiLLENIACEiE. 
 
 1. Tetracera scabra, Hook. fil. ; ramis pedunculis foliisque 
 subter prsecipue scaberulis, his petiolatis obovatis obtusis basi 
 angustatis super glaberrimis albo-punctatis subter nervis pilo- 
 sis, marginibus integerrimis tenuiter recurvis, paniculis race- 
 mosis multifloris, pedicellis villosis, sepalis rotundatis pube- 
 scentibus ciliatis. — Nun River, Vogel; Niger, below Ab6h, 
 Ansell. 
 
 Frutew volubilis. Rami asperi. Folia 3-5 unc. longa, 1^-3^ 
 lata, super (siccitate) saturate fusca subnitida, subter pallida ; 
 juniora subspathulata utrinque scaberula ; seniora punctulata, 
 punctis demum concavis. Sepala extus rubescentia. Petala, 
 staminaque albida. Ovaria in omnibus quos examinavimus 
 
204 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 floribus tria, quorum duo sempei* abortiri videntur. Ovula 
 pauca. T. Senegalensi proxima, differt rainis foliisque subter 
 asperis, floribus minoribus, sepalisquc rotundatis et pubes- 
 centibus. 
 
 In the presence of several species of Tetracera, Tropical 
 Western Africa partakes of the botanical features both of the 
 east coast of South America and Intertropical Asia. The species 
 are confined to the hottest, dampest and most shaded forests of 
 all these regions. All of the African species are more nearly 
 allied to those of the New than of the Old World. 
 
 2. Tetracera Senegalensis, DC. Prodr. v. 1. p. 68. Guill. et 
 Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 2. — T. obovata, DC. et Guill. et Perr. 
 I. c. — Senegambia, Sierra Leone and the Bight of Benin, 
 Afzelius, Don, &c. 
 
 Apparently a very common species north of the Equator, but 
 not occurring in the collections of the Niger Expedition. 
 
 3. Tetracera ahiifolia, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. v. I. p. 68. — Sene- 
 gambia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, Smeathman, Afzelius^ 
 Don, &c. 
 
 The only other species of this order known as W. African, is 
 T. rugosa, Guill. and Perr., a name unnecessarily changed by 
 Steudel to T. Guillemini, on the supposition that there was 
 already a T. rugosa, H.B.K., which we cannot find to have been 
 anywhere described. 
 
 III. ANONACEiE. 
 
 1. Anona muricata, Linn. (Sour-sop). — Sierra Leone (cult.), 
 Vogel. 
 
 2. Anona squamosa, Linn. (Sweet-sop). — Sierra Leone (cult.), 
 Vogel. 
 
 A plant now equally and universally diffused over the tropics of 
 both the New and Old World, and to which St. Hilaire, with some 
 shew of probability, assigns the E. Indies as its native place. 
 It is particulai-ly abundant about Portuguese colonies, and its 
 Brazilian name of "Ata^' is considered by that author as all 
 but conclusive in favour of its Asiatic origin. On the other 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 205 
 
 hand, it is unknown on the continent of Asia except as a culti- 
 vated plant, and there universally regarded as a colonist from 
 the W. Indies. It is not, however, the less valued on account 
 of its foreign origin, for we read of it as, in seasons of famine, 
 proving the staff of life to the Hindoos, whilst its acrid seeds 
 are used to clean vermin from the body, for which purpose they 
 are powdered and mixed with the ilour of Cajana or Ervum 
 Lens. 
 
 3. Anona cherimoUa, Mill.; DC. Prodr. v. \. p. 85. — A. tri- 
 petala. Ait. (Cherimolia.) — Cape de Verds and W. Africa, 
 (cult.) 
 
 A very abundant plant, and quite naturalized in the Cape de 
 Verd Islands. In a dried state it is with difficulty distinguished 
 from the preceding, and chiefly by the more pubescent leaves. 
 This plant is an undoubted native of the New World. 
 
 4. Anona palustris, L. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4226, [Alligator 
 apple.) — Grand Bassa Cove, Vogel. 
 
 Not alluded to by Vogel as in a state of cultivation, though 
 we cannot doubt that sucb was the case. It is a native of the 
 West Indies, and common along the Brazilian coasts. Its fruit 
 is hardly edible, and certainly not palatable. Hitherto it has 
 not been introduced into Asia, though it is one of the few 
 species of this genus that has flowered and ripened its fruit in 
 England. 
 
 5. Anona Senegalensis, Pers. DC. /. c. GuilL et Perr. Fl. 
 p. 5. Deless., Ic. Set. 1. p. 23, t. 86. — A. arenaria, Schum. 
 et Thonn. Beskr. p. 257. — Senegambia, SierraLeone, Bight of 
 Benin, Congo River, Perrottet, Afzelius, Don, Christ. Smith. 
 Doubts have been thrown upon the Asiatic and even African 
 
 origin of any of the species of Anona, from the fact of none 
 having been hitherto found in Asia, and from those species 
 which that continent shares with Africa being assuredly natives 
 of the New World. The number of stations, however, assigned 
 to A. Senegalensis, from between localities so widely apart as 
 the Congo and Sierra Leone_, is in favour of the genus being 
 African, as is the fact that neither this nor A. glauca and chry- 
 
206 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 socarpa have been found in any part of America. We are 
 inclined to cite Anona as an instance of the greater affinity 
 existing between W. Africa and E. America, than the latter 
 shares with any other part of the Old World. 
 6. Anona glauca, Thonn. ct Schum. Beskr. p. 259. Guill. et 
 
 Perr. Fl. Seneg. \. p. 5. — Senegambia and Cape Coast Castle, 
 
 Brunner and Brass (in Mus. Brit.) 
 
 A seventh species is ^. chrysocarpa. Guill. et Perr. 
 
 It is singular that the Anona reticulata (BuUock^s heart, 
 of the West Indies) is nowhere mentioned as cultivated in 
 Tropical Africa ; it is a far from unpalatable fruit, and very 
 abundantly spread over the East and West Indies. 
 
 The Monodora myristica, Dun. (Calabash nutmeg), does not 
 exist in any of our W. African collections, but is probably a native 
 of the continent of Africa. It is always quoted as an inhabitant 
 of Jamaica, where, according to Mc. Fadyen, (Flora of Jamaica, 
 p. 12), but one tree of it exists, and where the generally-received 
 opinion is, that it was introduced from the continent of South 
 America. Mr. Brown, on the other hand, argues for its African 
 origin, and the probability of its having been carried by the 
 negroes to Jamaica. 
 1. Hablitzia ^Mfo/>ica, Alph. DC. Mem. Anon. p. 31. — West 
 
 coast of Africa, from Senegambia to the Bight of Benin. 
 
 It was with considerable anxiety that this, the " Guinea" or 
 " Malaghata pepper," was sought for, but in vain, amongst the 
 collections of the Niger Expedition, for it is a plant of which 
 we know but little botanically ; though its seeds were an article 
 of export for upwards of two centuries, and were once highly 
 prized as a condiment, it is now never seen and seldom 
 heard of, except by the curious. 
 
 So important an article of commerce was it, that the name of 
 " Grain Coast" was given to a long tract of land in the Bight of 
 Benin, and the establishment of the towns of Grand Bassa and 
 Cape Pal mas was due to its importance. Up to the close of the 
 18th century, the Guinea pepper was in great request ; when 
 the still more aromatic and pungent grain of the Eastern 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 20 7 
 
 Archipelago di'ove the milder condiment from the table and 
 market. 
 
 It was a plant very early known to the Arab physicians ; 
 Serapim calls it " fulful alsuaden," that is. Pepper of the Black 
 people, whence our name of iEthiopian pepper. The French, 
 " Grain de Zelim," is derived from the Arabic name of " Azelim/' 
 given to it by Avicenna. 
 
 Alphonse De Candolle cites this genus as confined to Western 
 Africa and the Western Indies. The only other African species is 
 H. undulata, A. DC, {Xylopia undulata, Pal. Beauv.) from 
 Benin. 
 
 1. Coelocline parviflora, A. DC. /. c. Uvaria parviflora, A. Rich, 
 in Fl. Seneg. p. 9, t. 3, f. 1. — Senegambia, Perrottet ; 
 Quorra, Vogel. 
 Flores plerumque solitarii, axillares, \-^ unc. longi. Sepala 
 3, late ovata, acuta. Petala linearia, sepalis quintuplo lon- 
 giora. Ovaria 4. 
 
 A veiy similar species, or probably variety of this, from the 
 Congo River, {Christ. Smith), has the leaves narrower and 
 sharper at the base ; whilst a third, also in the British Museum, 
 and gathered by Smeathman, has villous and hairy ramuli, with 
 longer and still more acuminate leaves. The flowers and fruit 
 of all are very similar. To these three species, as many other 
 W. African ones may be added ; C. acutiflora, A. DC, C. po- 
 ly carpa, A. DC, and C oxypetala, A. DC, all from Sierra 
 Leone. 
 
 1. Artabotrys macrophylla, Hook. fil. ; glabra, foliis amplis late 
 ovatis V. elliptico-oblongis utrinque rotundatis et apice abrupte 
 acuminatis subcoriaceis super nitidis, pedunculis oppositifoliis 
 lateralibusve uncinatis ramosis multifloris, pedicellis brevis- 
 simis crassis, sepalis e basi lata acuminatis, petalis ovato- 
 lanceolatis calyce duplo longioribus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Arbor parva, apice ramosa. Rami diam. pennse anserinse, teretes; 
 cortice atro, striato. Folia brevissime petiolata, fere pedalia, 
 8-10 unc. lata, svibcoriacea, super splendentia, subter pallida, 
 opaca, costa muricata, venis prominulis. Panicula 2 unc. 
 longa, lignosa ; pedunculo primario caule continuo et ejusdeni 
 
208 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 diametro, statim ramoso ; ranio altero uucinato-recurvo, ramulis 
 
 brevibus multifloris bracteatis pubescentibus ; bracteis ovatis v. 
 
 obovatis, extus velutinis. Pedicelli vix 2 lin. longi, infra florem 
 
 incrassati ; floribus pro planta parvis. Sepala crassa_, patentia, 
 
 3-4 lin. longa, basi 3 lin. lata^ tumida, extus velutina^ in acumen 
 
 lineare recurvum producta. Petala 6, coriacea, inter se 
 
 subsequalia, extus velutina, basi dilatata et intus lamina car- 
 
 nosa aucta^ supra laminam pauUo constiicta ed divergentia. 
 
 Stamina numerosa, multiseriata. Ovaria plurima. 
 
 The specimens are imperfect^ but the inflorescence as well as 
 
 the flowers, in so far as we have been able to ascertain their 
 
 structure, sufficiently indicate their close affinity to the genus 
 
 Artabotrys, of which the species hitherto described are all from 
 
 the East Indian Archipelago, or from the south-eastern parts of 
 
 the Asiatic continent. 
 
 1. Uvaria? Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; glabi'a, foliis breviter petiolatis 
 anguste obovali-oblongis breviter acuminatis margine subun- 
 dulatis basi rotundato-subcordatis subter glaucis, pedicellis 
 unifloris solitariis geminisve, calyce obtuse repando-trilobo, 
 petalis ovatis obtusis crassis extcrioribus latis calyce duplo 
 longioribus interioribus oblongis minoribus, staminibus glan- 
 dulosis, carpellis (v. carpellorum articulis ?) breviter stipitatis 
 oblongis monospermis. (Tab. XVII.) — On the Quorra, at 
 "Sterling/' Vogel 
 Rami validi ; ramuli horizontals, patentes, dein erecti, elongati 
 et hinc inde semel in spiram torti, unde verosimiliter scau- 
 dentes, epidermide atra, punctis albis conspersa. Folia sub- 
 membranacea, 3-6 unc. longa. \\ unc. lata, petiolo 2 lin. 
 longo, super in sicco nitidula, subter pallidiora glaucescentia 
 v. rubescentia. Pedicelli semiunciam longi, fructiferi in 
 parte inferiore denudata ramulorum siti, ad axillas foliorum 
 delapsorum. Flores quorum fragmenta tantum adsunt, pani. 
 Calijcis lobi brevissimi, obtusi. Petala cxteriora, (forte non- 
 dum perfecte accreta), li lin. longa, crassa, glabra, sestiva- 
 tione verosimiliter anguste imbricata. Stamina pauca, (sub- 
 definita ?) ; filamentum breve, crassum ; councctivum fila- 
 mento subsequalc et sicut illius apex, glandulis conspersuni, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 209 
 
 subquadratus ; loculi oblongi marginales. Carpella (v. car- 
 pelloriim moniliformium articuli inferiores ?) circa 6, 3^-4 lin. 
 longa, siccitate nigra, Isevia et glabra, oblonga, obtusa cum 
 mucrone parvo, sed ex speciniinibus baud patet si mucro e 
 styli reliquiis superest, vel stipitem indicat articulorvim supe- 
 riorum arbortientium seu delapsorum. Pericarpium teimiter 
 carnosum, semini arete adbserens. Semen in carpello (seu 
 articulo) unicum, loculum arete implens, exarillatum, raphe 
 completa pereursum. Testa tenuiter coriacea, integumentum 
 interius membranaceum, cum exteriore conferruminatum, intus 
 productum in plicas numerosas transversales parallelas, cum 
 illas albuminis alternantes et juxta rapbin plica angusta 
 verticali inter se connexas. Albumen corneum, ruminatum, 
 laminas format borizontales numerosas cum plicis integumenti 
 alternantes, et irregulariter inter se connexas, lamina verticali 
 fere continua rapbi opposita ad perij)heriam tamen baud 
 attingente; lamina altera verticali cum priore ad angulam 
 rectam disposita bine inde laminas duo v, plures connectente. 
 Plate XYII. Fig. 1. flower; /. 2. one of tbe outer petals; 
 /. 3. stamen ; /. 4. vertical, and /. 5. transverse section of 
 tbe carpel and seed, (in wbicb, bowever, by an error of tbe 
 artist, tbe vertical plates of tbe albumen are represented as 
 continuous witb tbe pericarp) ; /, 6. portion of tbe surface 
 of tbe connectivum sbowing tbe glands ; all magnified, espe- 
 cially the last.^ 
 
 * The sketch made by Dr. Hooker of the only tolerably complete 
 flower that he could find, shows that the number of stamens is much 
 fewer than in most Uvarice : this circumstance, together with the 
 form of the anthers and the apparently monospermous carpels, induced 
 Dr. Planchon to suggest that this plant should constitute a distinct 
 genus, under the name of Clethrospermum, allied to Oxandra. The 
 state of the flower examined was such, however, that it was not pos- 
 sible to ascertain whether the number of stamens was really definite, 
 nor yet to investigate the structure of the pistils ; and although the 
 carpels look as if they were complete and constantly monospermous, 
 yet precisely the same appearance is often assumed by the moniliferous 
 fruits of some Uvarice, when reduced by accident or by abortion to a single 
 articulation, and it is therefore impossible, without further materials, 
 
 P 
 
210 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 3. Uvaria gracilis, Hook. fil. ; glabra, ramulis gracilibus ul- 
 timis pubescentibus, foliis breviter petiolatis submembra- 
 naceis obovato-lanceolatis longe et obtuse acuminatis basi 
 subangustatis et juxta petiolum obscure cordatis subter pal- 
 lide glaucis venis rubris, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis, 
 sepalis patulis obovatis obtusis, carpellis glaberrimis breve 
 eylindraceis Isevibus subglaueescentibus longe stipitatis (an 
 nunc moniliformibus ?) toro parvo capitato insertis mono- 
 spermis. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Rami crassit. pennse corvinse, parce ramulosi ; cortice cinereo, 
 striate, nunc albo-puuctato. Folia 3 unc. longa, 1^ lata, 
 ima basi emarginata v. cordata, supra medium gradatim 
 latiora, deinde angustata, apice subobtusa v. acuminata, super 
 pallide viridia vix nitentia, subter alba, glauca; petiolo 2 
 lin, longo. Pedicellus fructus uncialis. Lobi calycini \ unc. 
 longi, coriacei, persistentes. Torus parvus, I5 lin. lat., apice 
 planus. Carpella parva, patentia, f unc. longa, pedicello 
 sequilongo sufFulta, utrinque obtusa, apiculata. 
 Specimens rather imperfect, but belonging to a very distinct 
 
 species. Some of the carpels are distinctly monospermous, while 
 
 others appear to be the lowest loculus of a monihform carpel. 
 
 Seeds very aromatic. 
 
 3. Uvaria globosa, Hook. fil. ; ramis gracilibus, ramulis velu- 
 tinis, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongo-ellipticis lanceolatisve 
 basi rotundatis apice angustatis utrinqiie nitidis ad venas 
 subter pracipue pubescentibus marginibus tcnuiter recurvis, 
 floribus axillaribus solitariis v. binis brevissime pedicellatis 
 
 to give any character to distinguish this species from Uvaria, as generally 
 extended to include Uiiona, or even from those species of true Uvarice, 
 which Blume includes in his group Ambigua. The vertical laminae of the 
 seed are by mistake described by Dr. Planchon as folds of the integu- 
 ment almost meeting in the axis ; when in fact they are the continuous 
 portions of the albumen itself, by which the horizontal plates are more 
 or less connected together. They are continuous with each other, occa- 
 sionally forming a cross in the centre, and extend nearly to the circum- 
 ference, the most complete of them being opposite to the rajjhis, from 
 whence a narrow vertical fold of the integument projects into a slight 
 furrow in the albumen. — ((i. B.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 211 
 
 velutinis, carpellis 3-4 breviter stipitatis globosis dense fer- 
 
 rugineo-pubescentibus toro capitato insertis, seminibus bise- 
 
 riatis. — Accra ; Vogel. 
 
 Rami graciles, teretes, ramulosi, erassitie peunse anatinse ; cor- 
 
 tice atro tenuiter striate albo-punctato ; ramulis patentibus, 
 
 ascendentibus, piibe rufa velutinis. Folia 2-4-uncialia, |-1 
 
 unc. lata, forma varia, pleraque lanceolata, rarius ovalia v. 
 
 oblonga, e basi semper rotundata, ad | longit. sensim latiora, 
 
 deinde angustata, summo apice acuminata v. obtusa, utrinque 
 
 siccitate kiride rufo-fusca; petiolo 1 lin. longo. Pedunculi 
 
 1-2-llori, 1 liu. longi, validi, velutini. Flores parvi, extus 
 
 dense sericei, pilis rufis nitidis. Sepala late ovato-triangu- 
 
 laria, basi connexa, 2 lin. longa. Petala (in flore manco 
 
 observata) exteriora late ovata obtusa, calyce paullo lon- 
 
 giora, sestivatione verosimiliter imbricata, interiora baud visa. 
 
 Stamina baud numerosa, lineari-clavata ; antherfe filamento 
 
 sequilongse, connectivo incrassato, loculis linearibus lateralibus. 
 
 Carpella pauca, singula 3-4 lin. diametro, stipite linea bre- 
 
 viori, rufo-velutina, vertice obtusissima v. depressa et notata 
 
 cicatrice styli. Semina 4-7, borizontalia, laminis endocarpii 
 
 separata, exai'illata, mutua pressione variis modis verticaliter 
 
 compressa, testa nitida coriacea, integumento interiore more 
 
 plerumque Anonacearum intra plicas albuminis producto, 
 
 costa verticali interiore vix in laminam producta. 
 
 This species is evidently congener with several of the Eastern 
 
 Uvariee retained in the genus by those who confine it within the 
 
 naiTowest limits, although the stamens appear to be less numerous 
 
 than they usually are. It is very nearly allied to, if not identical 
 
 with an undescribed Cape Coast specimen, which has rather 
 
 broader, less acuminated leaves, almost cordate at the base, and 
 
 somewhat larger flowers. 
 
 Four other West African species of Uvaria are enumerated ; 
 two by DC, U. macrocarpa and U. ovata ; and two by Schu- 
 macher, U. cordata and U. cylindrica, which may belong to 
 some of the above or following species. There are further, four 
 undescribed in the British Museum, two of them from Sierra 
 Leone, one from the Congo River, and the fourfh from Cape 
 
 p 2 
 
212 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Coast Castle, making in all eleven species of this or closely allied 
 genera. Tlie difficulty, however, of ascertaining even the 
 generic characters is very great, without the presence of very 
 good specimens, both of the flower and fruit ; the relation 
 between the carpological and floral characters not having yet 
 been sufficiently made out by the monogi'aphists who have 
 studied the Anonacea.^ 
 
 Another West African genus oi Anonacea, Hexalobus, A.D.C. 
 including two species, completes the Order as existing on that 
 coast, which thus enumerates upwards of twenty native species, 
 a very large proportion for a Flora so little known, and so 
 defective in number of species. In the predominance of 
 Afionacea, this Flora resembles that of the islands of the Indian 
 Archipelago, to which the whole coast is related more markedly 
 in its botany, than to the continent of America. 
 
 IV. MENISPERMACE^.f 
 
 Gen. Nov. Jateorhiza. — Fl. dioici. — Masc. Sepala 6, ovata, 
 biseriata, exteriora paulo minora, sestivatione irabricata. Petala 
 6, ovata, sepalis breviora, apice truncata, lateribus introflexis 
 stamina tegentibus. Stamina 6, petalis opposita : filamenta 
 crassa, apice arete refracta, et in connectivum aniplum car- 
 
 • The aestivation of the corolla especially has been little attended to, 
 and is likely to afford valuable auxiliary characters. In most general 
 works, as in Endlicher's " Genera" and Lindley's " Vegetable Kingdom," 
 the petals are said to be valvate in each series ; and although, in the most 
 recent work on the subject, Martius and Endlicher's " Flora Brasiliensis," 
 the imbricate aestivation of the petals of Duguetia is noticed, yet even in 
 that work the valvate festivation is included, as well in the ordinal cha- 
 racter, as in the generic character of Guaiteria ; whereas in most, if not 
 all species of true Guatterice, Uvarice, Unonce, and some others, the petals 
 will be found more or less to overlay each other in the bud, as readily 
 indicated by the rounded form of their apex. In Anona, and all others where 
 they are truly valvate, that arrangement naturally occasions them to 
 terminate in a point, at least in the young state. — (G. B.) 
 
 t The MS. of this order has been entirely drawn up by Mr. Miers, 
 from whose able pen we may shortly hope for a complete monograph, 
 where the species, here only alluded to, will be fully described. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 213 
 
 nosuin terminata : antheree extrorsse, dorso affixse, 4-lob8e, 
 2-valv8e, rima transversali hiantes, Ovaria rudimentaria 3, 
 centralia^ punctiformia. — Fl. fosm. Sepala ut in masc. Petala 
 6, cuneato-obovata, crassiuscula, apice emarginata, lateribus 
 introllexis stamina volventibus. Stamina sterilia 6, petalis 
 dimidio breviora ; filamenta tenuiora, compressa, lobo rotun- 
 dato apiculata. Ovaria 3, libera, erecta, oblonga, gibba, 
 extus dense glanduloso-pilosa, supra gynophoram sub-3- 
 gonam imposita, 1-locularia, ovulounico fuuiculo brevi angulo 
 interne supra medium appenso. Stylus brevis, crassus, sub- 
 excentricus. Stigma 3-partitum, laciniis 2-3-fidis, reflexis. 
 Drupa S, abortu paueiores, ovatae, earnos?e, l-spermse. Nux 
 ovata, dorso convexa, tuberculata, pilis fibrillosis densissime 
 plexis indutaj ventre l?evis, concava. Semen loculo con- 
 forme, meniscoideum. Embryo intra albumen carnosum 
 quasi 2-laminare fere rectus, lamello exteriori simplici, 
 tenui, interiori crassiori, et in rugis plurimis transversalibus 
 profunde ruminatis, testa tenui in plicis insinuata, cotyledo- 
 nibus membranaceo-foliaceis, spathulato-oblongis, lateraliter 
 divaricatis, et in locellis sejunctis utrinque positis, radicula 
 supera, brevi, tereti, ad apicem spectanti, centrifuga. — Suf- 
 frutices Africse tropicse debiles, volubiles, setis rigidis, vel 
 pilis setosis vestitce ; folia alterna, magna, petiolata, cordata, 
 rotundata, palmatim 3-5-7 -loba ; racemi axillares, elongati, 
 pedicellis laxis, S-7-floris, floribus vagis, pro ordine 
 majusculis, bracteatis, sessilibus, bracteis longissime setoso- 
 ciliatis. 
 Jateorbiza strigosa, Miers. Cocculus ? macrantbus, Hook.fil. in 
 Hook. Ic. PL 759 (Tab. nostr. XVITI) ; foliis rotundato-3-lo- 
 batis, basi profunde inciso-cordatis, lobis 3-angularibus acutis 
 mucronatis auriculis basalibus rotundatis, marginibus parallelis 
 fere approximatis, submembranaceis reticulatis supra nitidis 
 subtus pallidioribus 7-nervibus nervis utrinque setoso-strigosis, 
 setis adpressis rigidis rufulis longiusculis, margine dense 
 setoso-ciliatis ; petiolo striato auriculis basalibus duplo lon- 
 giore arete setoso-strigoso ; racemo axillari. — Clarence Cove, 
 Fernando Po, Vogel ; Congo, Tuckey in Herb. Mus. Brit. 
 
214 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Tliis is very distinct from the two other well-known species ;* 
 
 and I have retained for it the more appropriate specific name of 
 
 strigosa, previously given by me to the Congo specimen : this 
 
 point, however, would certainly have been ceded in favour 
 
 of the distinguished author of the Flora Antarctica, did not 
 
 the name of macrantha convey a very incorrect idea of the 
 
 species, for its flowers, when expanded, are scarcely more than 
 
 2 lines in diameter, and although large for the order, they are 
 
 not greater than those of /. palmata, or the flowers of some 
 
 other genera, and are assuredly diminutive when compared 
 
 with those of plants in general. The leaves, from the insertion of 
 
 the petiole, to the summit of the middle lobe, are 7\ inches long, 
 
 the lateral lobes measure 6 inches, the depth of the basal lobes 
 
 is 2 J inches, so that the total length is 9^ inches, their extreme 
 
 breadth being 9 inches, and the length of the petiole 5^ inches. 
 
 Plate XVIII. Fig. 1. Masc. flower, forced open ; /. 2. three of 
 
 the six stamens ; /. 3. female flower ; /. 4. one of the petals 
 
 of the female flower, with three sterile filaments ; f. 5 . ovaria 
 
 and styles. 
 
 1. Cissampelos Vogelii, Miers ; ramulis dcmum glabris; foliis 
 
 $ palatis, $ subpeltatis, cordatis deltoideo-obovatis apice 
 
 obtusiusculis emarginatis sinu mucronatis, supra sparse pubes- 
 
 centibus, subtus griseo-glaucis et pubescentibus 5-7-nervibus, 
 
 pctiolo tomentoso ssepe refracto limbo fere sequilongo; ra- 
 
 cemis ,1 ternis petiolo 4-plo brevioribus, ? axillaribus solitariis 
 
 rarius binis scorpioideo-flexuosis gracilibus folio longioribus, 
 
 floribus pedicellatis 7-9 fasciculatis folio reconditis, sepalo 
 
 oblongo extus piloso, petalo obcordato miuimo ovarioque 
 
 glabris. — On the Quorra Kiver ; Vogel. 
 
 A very distinct species : the leaves of the male plant are 
 larger than those of the female, being 2\ inches long, including 
 the basal lobes, and 2j inches from the petiole at the sinus, they 
 are 2\ inches broad, the petiole being 1^ to 2 inches long> and 
 its insertion half a line within the margin. The female inflo- 
 
 « 1. Jateorhiza palmata, Miers, (Coccnlus palmatus, DC. Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. tab. 29/0-2971) ;— and 2. J. Columba, Miers, C. palmatus. Wall. Cat. 
 n. 4953, (in hort. Bot. Calcutta' cult.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 215 
 
 rescence consists of axillary, slender, lax, scorpioid spikes, 2| 
 inches long, with very small bracteiform mucronate leaflets, each 
 enclasping about 7 minute pubescent flowers. 
 2. Cissampelos comata, Miers ; foliis suborbicularibus cordatis 
 
 apice emarginatis mucronatis, petiolo sub-brevi, race- 
 
 mulis 3-4 in axillis junioribus fasciculatis dichotome divisis, 
 
 pedicellis capillaceis, petalo glabro margine crenato, anthera 
 
 8-loba. — On the Quorra ; Vogel ? 
 
 The specimen consists only of a floriferous branchlet about 
 10 inches long, with a single basal leaf of the parent stem, 
 about 1 J in diameter, on a short petiole only ^ of an inch ; the 
 axils of the floriferous branch exhibit leaflets of similar form, 
 the lower ones being half an inch diameter and expanded, di- 
 minishing upwards to the size of 2 lines; there are generally 
 3 capillary racemules about 1 inch long ; the sepals are pilose 
 
 outside, the petals quite glabrous Is it the female of C. Vo- 
 
 gelii ? — but the shape of its leaves does not accord with the suppo- 
 sition. 
 
 The other Tropical W. African species of Cissampelos are C. 
 Owariensis, Beauv., from Cape Coast and Oware, C. mucronata, 
 A. Rich., extending across from Senegambia to Abyssinia and 
 the Island of Bourbon, and three unpublished species, of which 
 two from Congo, are in the British Museum, and one from 
 Senegambia in the Hookerian herbarium. 
 
 The Cocculus Cebatha, DC, (which includes C. Leaba, epiba- 
 terium and ellipticus, DC), mentioned under the first of these 
 names above, (Spicil. Gorgon, p. 97), extending from Senegambia, 
 and Cape Verd, to Egypt, Abyssinia and Arabia ; and Tinospora 
 Bakis, Miers, or Cocculus Bakis, A. Rich., found also both in Se- 
 negambia and Abyssinia and a new species of my genus Holopeira, 
 (founded on Cocculus villosa, DC, and its allies), complete the 
 list of Tropical W. African Menispermacece, (J. Miers.) 
 
 V, Nymph^ace^. 
 
 1. Nymphsea cmrulea, Savigny; DC. Prodr. \. p. 114. — Sene- 
 gambia, Perrottet ; Cape Coast, Don. 
 
216 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The liiiiited aeconmiodation under which Dr, Vogel suffered, 
 probably prevented him from preserving the species of this 
 genus, which appears to abound in Western Tropical Africa. 
 Three other species inhabit Senegambia, N. rufescens, micrantha 
 and abbreviata (all of Guill. and Perr.) ; whilst a fourth 
 abounds along the coast, N. dentata, Schum. and Thonn. {N. Lo- 
 tus, Pal. de Beauv.) ; and two additional ones, N. maculata 
 and N. Guineensis, Schum. and Thonn , have been described 
 from Guinea. 
 
 VI. Papaverace.e. 
 The widely diffused Argemone Mexicana is included by 
 Guillemin and Pen-ottet in the Flora of Senegambia. 
 
 VII. Ckucifer.e. 
 
 An Order as impatient of hot, low and humid climates as are 
 
 the Ranunculacece. One species of Nasturtium is enumerated 
 
 by De Candolle as a West iVfrican plant. Crucifera in genei-al 
 
 appear to be in a great measure represented by the following order. 
 
 VIII. Capparide/E. 
 
 1. Ritchiea erecta, Hook, fil.; (Tab. XIX et XX.) fruticosa, 
 erecta, ramosa, ramis verrucosis, foliis patulis longe petiolatis 
 3-f()li()latis, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis breviter acimiinatis basi 
 angiistatis integerrimis, racemo terminali nuiltifloro, scpalis 
 lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis lineari-ligulatis, staminibus 
 numerosis calyce longioribus, antheris parvis. — Fernando 
 Po, Vugel. 
 
 Frutex glaberrimus. Petioli teretes, 3-4-unciales, stricti. Fo- 
 liola pctiolo sequilonga vel longiora, nunc 6-8 unc. longa, 
 breviter petiolata. Racemus terminalis, 2-3-uncialis, cicatri- 
 cosus ; pedicellis \ unc. longis, erectis, basi utrinque bracteo- 
 latis. Sepa/a ^-poUicaria, acuminata, marginibus puberulis. 
 Petala anguste linearia filamentaque albida. Atithera parvse, 
 nigrescentes. 
 A very handsome species, and quite distinct from the following 
 
 in the erect, branching and not climbing habit, the much longer 
 
 petioles, smaller flowers and differently shaped leaflets and 
 
 petals. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 217 
 
 2. Ritchiea fragrans, Br. App. Clapperton^ p. 225. — Sierra 
 
 Leoue^ Afzelius, Don. 
 
 From Brown's observations in the paper referred to^ it appears 
 that there are other African species of the same genus known to 
 him. 
 
 1. Capparis linearifolia, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, caule gracili 
 scandente ? tereti parce ramoso, stipuhs aculeiformibus mi- 
 nutis vix recurvis, foUis breviter petiolatis Hneari-oblongis 
 muticis subcoi'iaceis arete condupUcatis integerrimis aveniis, 
 peduncuHs multifloris axillaribus soKtariis foHo sequilongis 
 brevioribusve patentibns interdum ramosis^ floribus parvis 
 eorymbosis pedicellatis, alabastris globosis, sepalis ovalibus 
 concavis, petalis calycem vix superantibus obovatis^ stamini- 
 bus circa 15, petahs sequilongis toro brevissimo insertis. — 
 Sierra Leone, Forbes. 
 
 Caulis crassitie pennse corvinse, subflexuosus; internodiis ^-l 
 unc. longis. Petioli 2 lin. longi. Folia 2-pollicaria, 4 unc. 
 lata, siccitate viridia. Pedunculi patentes, in axillis foliorum 
 omnium solitarii, horizontals, teretes, glaberrimi. Flores 
 5-8 apicem versus pedunculi, circiter 4 lin. diametro. An- 
 ther<2 majusculse. — An planta dioica ? 
 This is a remarkably distinct species. 
 
 2. Capparis erythrocarpa, Isert. Berl. Nat. 9, j). 339, /. 9. DC. 
 Prodr. \. p. 246. — An C. Afzelii, DC. I. c.'i — Accra, Vogel ; 
 Guinea. 
 
 The descriptions in DC. Prod, do not serve to distinguish 
 C. erythrocarpa from C. Afzelii, though the latter agrees best 
 with VogePs plant, simply from its meagreuess. The apices of 
 the leaves are obtuse in this specimen. 
 
 There are several other pubHshed W. African species of Cap- 
 paris, some of which extend over a remarkably wide range, 
 viz. : C. polymorpha, A. Rich, from Senegambia and Abyssinia ; 
 C. corymbosa, Lam., from Senegambia and Sennaar ; C. tomen- 
 tosa, Lam., from Senegal and Delagoa Bay (Forbes) ; C.puberula, 
 DC, from Cape Coast, (Brass) ; and Gambia, (Don) ; C. Brassii, 
 DC, and C. fascicularis, DC, both from Cape Coast (Brass) ; 
 C. Thonningii, Schum. and C. reflexa, Schum., both from 
 
218 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Guinea ; but possibly these may be the same as some of those 
 
 previously named, though very imperfectly described. 
 
 1. Mferua Currori, Hook. fil. ; glabcrrima, caule tereti, cortice 
 
 pallido albo-punctato^ foliis ad apices ramulorum sparsis bre- 
 
 viter petiolatis oblongo-obovatis obtusis apiculatis basi angus- 
 
 tatis integerrimis aveuiis subeoriaceis, corymbis axillaribus 
 
 terminalibusque paucifloris, pedicellis flore brevioribus, calyce 
 
 basi anguste-cylindi'aceo, corona petaloidea subbipartita. — 
 
 Elephants' Bay, Dr. Curror. 
 
 Rami crassitie pennse anserinse, hinc inde timiidi ; cortice Isevi, 
 
 pallide rufa, punctis albidis aspersa ; ramulis cicatricosis. 
 
 Folia uncialia, plana, siccitate subcoriacea, (an carnosula?), 
 
 obtusa V. emarginata, apicula acuta, costa vix prominula. 
 
 PediceUi 3 lin. longi. Alabastra ^-uncialia. Calycis tubus 
 
 segmentis acutis longior. 
 
 A very curious species, but the specimens are far from good. 
 There are four other W. African species of Mcerua, viz. M. An- 
 golensis and M. Senec/alensis, from Angola and Senegal, M. 
 rigida, Br., common to Senegal and Central Africa, and an un- 
 described species found both in Sennaar and Senegal. 
 
 1. Cleome peniajihylla, Linn. Sp. PL 938. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, 
 and elsewhere along the coast, abundant. 
 
 2. Cleome Gnineensis, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto simplici v. e basi 
 ramoso sparse piloso folioso, foliis 3-foliolatis, floralibus breve 
 petiolatis, foliolis ellipticis utriuque acutis integerrimis pilo- 
 siusculis ciliatis, pedicellis axillaribus gracillimis glandidoso- 
 pilosis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, petalis anguste spathulatis, 
 staminibus 6 toro brevi insertis, capsulis stipitatis linearibus, 
 stylo gracili, valvis glaberrimis reticulatim venosis, seminibus 
 rufis biseriatis orbiculatis profunde transversim sulcatis. — - 
 Gynandropsis triphylla, DC. in part. ? — Sierra Leone, Cape 
 Coast, Grand Bassa and Stirling, Vogel; Senegal and 
 Guinea. 
 
 Herba bipedalis. Caulis sulcatus, superne hispidulus. Folia 
 inter se conformia ; foliolis |-pollicaribus, petiolo sequilongis, 
 latitudine variis. Flores 4 lin. longi, petalis pallide purpureis, 
 ovario staminibusque inclusis. Pedicellus fructifer ^ unc. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 219 
 
 longus. Slliqua suberecta, 1| unc. longa, valvis planis j uuc. 
 latis. 
 3. Cleome /o/io5a. Hook. til. ; caule prostrato basi lignoso, ramis 
 erectis foliosis petiolis pediinculisque dense glanduloso-pube- 
 scentibvis, foliis 5-foliolatis supremis 3-foliolatis, foliolis bre- 
 vissime petiolulatis late obovatis obtusis apiculatisve iitrinque 
 pubescentibus integerrimis subcoriaceis, floi'ibus in axillis 
 supremis pedunculatis, sepalis anguste lineari-lanceolatis glan- 
 dulosisj petalis late obovato-spathulatis, toro brevissimo, sta- 
 minibus 6 basi monadelphis, tbecaphoro valido glanduloso, 
 siliquis stij^itatis linearibus in stylimi crassiusculum obtusum 
 angustatis. — Elephant^s Bay, (South of the Line), Dr. 
 Curror. 
 Caulis basi lignosus, cortice pallido. Rami pedales, stricti, 
 parce ramosi, foliosi, teretes, stviati. Folia inter se conformia, 
 petiolis \ unc. longis. Foliola petiolis gequilonga. Pedunculi 
 \ unc. longi. Sepala submenibranacea, j-pollicaria. Petala 
 (sicca) pallide rufo-purpurea, calyce duplo longiora. Stamina 
 vix exserta. Capsulce 2-pollicares, vix 2 lin. latse, pedicello 
 ^ uuc. suffultse ; valvis paulo concavis. Semina perplurima, 
 iramatura minuta, rufa. 
 
 A species closely resembling Polanisia viscosa (an abundant 
 tropical, and even African plant, though not in Herb. Vogel), 
 but differing in the obsolete torus and pedicellate capsules. 
 Foliage resembling C. pentaphylla. 
 
 The other W. African species of Cleome, are C. monophylla, 
 Linn., and C. angustifolia, Forsk., from Senegambia, and C. 
 acuta, Schum., from Gviinea. 
 
 There are also two other West African genera of Capparideee, 
 which, however, appear contined to the dryer and more desert 
 latitudes of the North Tropic, and these range from Western 
 Asia westward ; these are Cadaba, of which C. farinosa is com- 
 mon to Senegal, Sennaar and Arabia, and Boscia, containing 
 two species, B. Senegalensis, A. Rich., and B. angustifolia, 
 A. Rich, both Scnegambian plants. The Streblocarpus angusti- 
 folia of Senegal, and Cratoeva Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn., 
 from Guinea, together with Stroemia trifoliata, Schum. ct 
 
220 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Thonn. (probably the same plant as Cadaba farinosa, complete 
 the list of W. xVfrican Capparidea known ; the Calycandra 
 pinnata of A. Kichard being a leguminous plant. 
 
 IX. FLACOURTIANEiE. 
 
 1 . Flacourtia Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; arborea, dioica, ramis nunc 
 spinescentibus, foliis alternis petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis 
 apice angustatis obtusis serratis nitidis transverse reticulatis, 
 racemis axillaribus brevibus puberulis petiolo paulo longiori- 
 bus 6-8-floris, floribus 4-meris, sepalis late ovatis obtusis 
 ciliatis, stigmatibus 5-6. — Niger River^ at Aboh, Vogel. 
 Rami validi, teretes, cortice rufo-brunneo, punctis albidis no- 
 tato ; ramulis sub lente puberulis. Folia 3-4 unc. longa, 1 2 
 lata, basi subacuta, apice obtusa, obtuse serrata, utrinque 
 nitida ; petiolo \ unc. longo, glabro v. puberulo. Pedunculi 
 erecti. Fl. $ pedicellati ; pedicello 1-2 lin. longo calyce basi 
 intruso. Ovarium sub 6-loculare. Fructus carnosus, ruber. 
 Closely resembling the Indian F. sapida, but the leaves arc 
 longer, narrower, more beautifully shining, reticulated and regu- 
 larly serrated, and the female flowers are very different. There 
 is a new species of this genus from Senegal in the Hookerian 
 Herb. ; and two others from Guinea, F. edidis, Schuni., and 
 F.flavescens, Willd., are described by Thonning. 
 
 1. Oncoba ^/ffMca, Hook. fil. — Ventenatia glauca, Pal.de Beauv. 
 FL Ow. et Ben. 1. p. 29. t. 17.— Fernando Po, Vogel; 
 Benin, Pal. de Beauv. 
 
 The identity of the genera Oncoba, Forsk., Heptaca, Lour., 
 Ventenatia, Pal. de Beauv., Lundia, Thonn. et Schum., and 
 Xylotheca, Hochst., is shown by Dr. Planchon in the sixth vol. 
 of the London Journal of Botany, p. 295, where also he has 
 given the distinctive characters of the several species. Among 
 them, a second W. African species is the O. spinosa, Forsk., 
 extending apparently from Sencgambia to the Yemen. 
 
 2. Bixa Orellana, Linn. — Grand Bassa, Vogel; Sierra Leone 
 and Accra, Don. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 221 
 
 X, VlOLARI^. 
 
 1. lonidium thesiifolium, DC. Prod. 1. p. 309. — I. rhabdo- 
 spermum, Hochst. in Herb. Un. Itin. — Senegal, Heudelot ; 
 Accra, Vogel, Don. 
 
 Var. /3. chenopodiifolia, Guill. et Perr. — Senegal, Heudelot ; 
 Cape Coast, Don. Also a native of Upper Egypt. 
 
 2. lonidium siiffruticosum, Ging. in DC. Prod. 1. p. 311. — 
 Accra, Vogel, Don. 
 
 A protean plant, and probably only a large var. of the pre- 
 ceding, owing its stature to the more humid atmosphere of the 
 Bight of Benin. /. linifolium, DC, is probably another variety, 
 as well as I. enneaspermum, Vent,, and Viola Guineensis and 
 V. lanceifolia, Schuni. et Thonn. The species has a very wide 
 range, extending through Nubia and Upper Egy])t to Eastern 
 Tropical Africa, Madagascar, East India and Tropical Australia. 
 
 Some American species are hardly to be distinguished from 
 the African, except by their smooth, not striated seeds.* The 
 two Oware species of Ceranthera, described by Palisot de 
 Beauvois, and two other Senegal ones (in Herb. Hook.) com- 
 plete the small catalogue of known W. African Violarice. 
 
 XI. SAUVAGESIACEiE. 
 
 1. Sauvagesia erec^a, Linn. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don; Senegal, 
 and abundant throughout Tropical America. 
 
 XII. PoLYGALEyE. 
 
 1. Polygala arenaria, Willd. Sp. 3. p. 880. — On the Quorra, 
 
 Vogel and Ansell; Guinea. 
 
 Allied to the P. Vahliana (of East India), but the foliage is 
 very different. Flowers about 20, deflexed, densely imbricated 
 into a sort of strobilus. 
 
 * This appears, however, to be a constant, and therefore important 
 character. — (G. B.) 
 
222 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 2. Polygala nutans, Hook. fil. ; annua, pubcscens, caulc erecto 
 parce ramoso, foliis oppositis patulis subsessilibus linearibus 
 V. lineari-lanceolatis obtusis utrinque pilosis, racemis axillari- 
 bns crectis 8-10-floris foliis dimidio brcvioribus, floribus im- 
 bricatis deflexo-nutantibus, sepalis ext. liberis int. late elliptico- 
 ovatis hirsutis ciliatisque capsula pilosa brevitcr oblonga ])ro- 
 funde emarginata ^ longioribus, carina dorse longe cristata. — 
 Accra, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis gracilis, 6-uncialis, patentim pubescens. Folia uncialia, 
 2-4 lin. lata. Racemi ^ unc. longi. Flores albidi v. vi- 
 rescentes, 2-3 lin. longi, alis obtusis. 
 
 Also an Abyssinian plant, and closely allied to P. erioptera 
 and P. arenaria. The flowers are similar in all, but are not so 
 densely imbricated in this as in the latter, from which it further 
 differs in the narrower foliage ; a variable character however. 
 
 3. Polygala rarifolia, DC. Prod. 1. p. 332. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 Suffrutex bipedalis, glaberrima. Rami stricti, graciles, diam. 
 pennse corvinse, virgati, nudi, profunde sulcati, cortice viridi. 
 Folia per-pauca. Racemi axillares, scd e lapsu foliorum quasi 
 ramei, unciales, stricti, erecti, multiflori. Flores lactei, majus- 
 culi, \ unc. longi, breviter pedicellati ; sepalis parvis, concavis, 
 2 anticis coalitis, apicibus libei'is, interioribus liberis, oblongis, 
 subcoriaccis, valde concavis ; carina cristata. Stigma peta- 
 loideum, concavum ; bracteolis floralibus 3, minimis. 
 
 4. Polygala Donii, Hook. fil. ; caule subcrecto, gracili, puberulo, 
 foliis plurimis alternis linearibus utrinque angustatis sub- 
 acutis V. obtusis obscui'e puberulis 1-nervibus marginibus vix 
 rccurvis, racemis terminalibus gracilibus multifloris, pedi- 
 ccllisbasi 3-bracteolatis, floribus majusculis nutantibus, sepalis 
 ext. liberis, alis oblique obovato-rotundatis basi angustatis 
 ciliatis capsula quadrata emarginata pilosa duplo longioribus, 
 carina dorso cristata. — Sierra Leone ? Don. 
 
 Caulis in exempl. solitario simplex, 5-uncialis, teres. Folia omnia 
 conformia, erecta, poUicaria, 2 lin. lata, obscure puberula, 
 subter uni-costata; internodiis ^ unc. longis. Racemi 3, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 223 
 
 terminales, intermedio 2-unciali 20-floro, lateralibus abbre- 
 viatis. Florum pedicelli gracillinii. Ala 3 lin. longse^ ciliatse. 
 Capsula subquadrata^ angulis ro-tundatis. 
 Apparently a very distinct species, easily recognized by the 
 form of the alee, 
 5. Polygala Guineensis, Willd. Sp. 3. p. 882. — P. multiflora, 
 
 Poir. Diet. 5. p. 497? — Accra, Ansell. 
 Hei'ba bipedalis, di-trichotome ramosa. Rami gracillimi, erecti, 
 virgati. Folia \\-2 unc. longa, filiformia, vix \ lin. lata, 
 subflexuosa, erecta, viridia. Racemi terminales, erecti, 4-5 
 unc. longi. Flores secundi, parvi, bracteolis setaceis valde 
 caducis sufFulti, pedicellati, patentes v. nutantes, coerulei, 
 pedicellis 1 lin. longis, subclavatis. Sepala 2 exteriora coalita, 
 apicibus liberis. Alee obovatfe, glaberrimje, concavse, 1| lin. 
 longse. Cat'ina longe cristata. Capsula obovato-quadrata, 
 glaberrima, apice biloba. 
 
 A remarkably distinct, and singularly slender species. 
 The remaining W. African species known to me are, 1 P. 
 erioptera, DC, a species common to Senegal, Egypt and Arabia : 
 it is probably identical with P. triflora and linearifolia, Roth, 
 (non auct.) in which the leaves are sharp ; in all the carina is 
 crested, though P. triflora is placed erroneously in the group 
 *' carina nuda." 2. P. paniculata, Lin. var. Africana, DC, 
 from Senegal, a species widely diffused in Amexnca, some 
 specimens from the Plata River have the flowers as small as 
 the African, but white, and it is possibly further identical with 
 the P. capillaris, E. Meyer, from South Africa ; and, lastly, 
 3. P. obtusata, Guill. et Perr., from Senegal, which completes 
 the list of W. African Polygalce. 
 
 1. Lophostylis oblongifolia, Hochst. in Ratisb. Flora, 1842, n. 
 15. — On the Quorra, Vogel, who describes it as a middle- 
 sized tree ; Senegal. 
 
 Dr. Vogel's specimen is imperfect, and in fruit onlv, but I 
 think referable to this species, which has a wide range, being 
 found also in Abyssinia. The propriety of separating this 
 from Securidaca is perhaps doubtful. 
 
224 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 1. Carpolobia lutea, Don, Gen. Syst. 1. p. 370. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Rami gracilcs, virgati, puberuli, teretes, ilexuosi, patentes. Folia 
 alterna, subdisticha, breve petiolata, obovata, in acumen elon- 
 gatum apice obtusum angustata, glaberrima, integerrinia, 
 submembranacea, reticulatim venosa, vii*idia, 2-4 unc. longa. 
 Racemi axillares^ solitarii, breves, 2-5-flori, infra folia orti 
 et iis tecti, graciles, j unc. longi, pubescentcs. Flores erecti, 
 \ unc. longi, brevissime pedicellati ; pedicellis basi bracteolatis. 
 Sepala 5, ciliata; 3 longioribus ovato-lanceolatis, obtusis, 
 cseteris oblongis. Petala calyce ter longiora, in tubum fissum 
 basi coalita ; 4 subsequalia, oblongo-spathulata, venosa ; quinto 
 carinseformi, duplo majore. Stamina 5 ; filamentis ad me- 
 dium monadelphis. Stylus gracilis ; stigmate parvo, capi- 
 tato. 
 
 A very handsome plant, ill described by its discoverer. 
 The calyx and corolla are both irregular, and formed of five 
 pieces, of which one of the latter resembles the ala of a papil- 
 ionaceous flower. This explains the structui'e of the flower of 
 those Polygal<e in which two of the petals are -wanting, or only 
 represented (as in P. Donii) by a lobe at the base of the two 
 smaller petals. 
 
 2. Carpolobia alba, Don, 1. c. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 The two other species described by Don are leguminous 
 plants, which will be noticed hereafter under Baphia and Brac- 
 teolaria.* 
 
 XIIL DroseracEvE. 
 
 There are two species of Drosera, from W. Tropical Africa, 
 preserved in the British IMuseum, D. Burmanni, Vahl, and 
 D. Indica, Linn. They are both from Sierra Leone [Afzelius), 
 and are also natives of India. To the D. Indica, Dr. Plan- 
 
 * See my observations and generic character of Carpolobia, in Hook. 
 Journ. Bot. v. 4. p. 104.— (G. B.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA, 225 
 
 chon refers also the D. minor of Thonii. and Schum. from 
 Guinea. 
 
 XIV. Frankeniace^. 
 The Frankenia pulveruUnta extends as far south as Senegal. 
 
 XV. Caryophylle^. 
 
 1. Mollugo nudicauUs, Lam. — M. bellidifolia^ Ser. in DC. 
 
 Prodr. 1. p. 391. — Cape Coast^ Don; on the Quorra, 
 
 Vogel; Senegal. 
 
 Common to the W. Indian Islands, and also to Egypt, Mada- 
 gascar and the East Indies. 
 
 Three other species, M. cervina, Ser., M. verticillata, Linn., 
 and M. denticulata, Guill. et Perr., are W. African. 
 
 XVI. LlNE^. 
 
 1. Hugonia Planchoni, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXVII.) ; ramis 
 petiohsque ferrugineo-pubescentibus, foliis lanceolato-oblongis 
 cuspidatis utrinque acutis remotiuscule serrulatis glabris 
 nitidis rigide chartaceis pulchre reticulato-venosis, stipulis 
 bracteisque pinnatipartitis laciniis subulatis, cymis axillaribus 
 brevibus 3-5-floris, stylis staminibus longioribus — Sierra 
 Leone, Afzelius, Vogel ; Accra, Vogel. 
 A most distinct and handsome species. 
 
 Frutex scandens. Cirrhi in parte inferiore ramulorum alterni, 
 nunc nulli. Ramuli angulati, ramique subteretes cicatricibus 
 stipularum albis notati. Folia sat conferta, alterna, 3-5^ 
 poll, longa, 10-20 lin. lata, petiolo vLx 2 lin. longo. Stipulfe 
 ob lacinias subulatas conspicu?©, bracteis conformes. Sepa- 
 lorum pars in alabastro externa subsericeo-rufescens, parte 
 tecta glabra nitida. Petala flava (ex Vogel) anguste v. latius- 
 cule cuneata, staminibus stylisque lougiora. Bacca sicca, glo- 
 bosa, Piso subsequalis, mucronata, calyci subsequalis.* 
 
 * The above character and description were drawn up by Dr. Planchon. 
 
 Q 
 
226 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Plate XXVII. — Fig. 1. flower, slightly magnified; f. 2. 
 
 petal ; /. 3. stamens and pistil; /. 4. fruit ; /. 5. transverse 
 
 section of the same ; the three last magnified. 
 
 A second West Tropical African species, the H. Afaelii, Br., 
 from Sierra Leone, has been described by Planchon in the Lond. 
 Journ. Bot. v. 7. p. 525. 
 
 XVII. Malvace^. 
 
 1. Malachra capitata, Linn. — Congo Uiver, Christ. Smith. 
 
 Another species, M. hispida, Guill. et Perr., is confined to 
 Senegal. 
 1. Urena lobata, Linn. — U. diversifolia, Schum. et Thonn. 
 
 Besh'.p. 308.— U. virgata, Guill. et Perr. ? Fl. Seneg. p. 48. 
 
 A most abundant W. African plant, of wliich I think I can 
 recognize the following varieties : 
 a. Caule griseo, pilis stellatis sparsis aspero, foliis integris 3-5- 
 
 lobisve subter petioloque cano-pubescentibus, calyce hispido. 
 
 — Fernando Po, Nun and Quorra Rivers, Vogel ; Sierra 
 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 The common East and West Indian form of the plant. 
 /3. Foliis super pilis sparsis fulvis obsitis subter canis vix pilo- 
 sis, calyce dense hispido lobis elongatis. — On the Nun, Vogel. 
 y. Undique pilis patentibus in caulem stellatis obsita, calyce 
 
 dense hispido. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Very similar to a Phillippine Island state of the plant. 
 S. Foliis profunde 3-lobis, lobo intermcdio lineari-elongato, late- 
 
 ralibus oblongis subacutis. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Similar to a Brazilian variety. 
 £. Foliis minoribus flaccidis pilis stellatis patulis pubescentibus, 
 
 calyce hirsuto. — Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Identical with cultivated sjiecimens from the West Indies and 
 indigenous East Indian ones. 
 
 Guillemin and Perrottet describe two other Urenoi ; U. obtu- 
 sata and U. virgata, whose claims to specific distinction appear 
 doubtful to me. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 227 
 
 1. Paritium tiliaceum, Linn. Hibiscus Guineensis, DC, Prod. 
 5, p. 454, non Don. — Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Nxin River, 
 Vogel. 
 
 2. Paritium guinquelobwm, Hook. fil. ; ramis puberulis, petiolis 
 elongatis pubescentibus peduneulis foliisque super punctis 
 minimis asperis, foliis late cordato-rotuudatis coriaceis 3-cus- 
 pidatis V. dense 3-lobis suberoso-dentatis super puberulis 
 subter ad nervos stellatim pilosis, floribus in racemum sub- 
 spicatum axillarem folio sequilongum dispositis, involucelli 
 foliolis calyce brevioribus, calyce capsulam vix superante. — 
 Hibiscus quinquelobus, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 482. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Ramuli ultimi herbacei, teretes, crassitie pennse anserinse, striati, 
 pube sparsa simplici v. stellata. Folia 5 unc. longa, 7 lata, 
 basi profunde cordata, sinu lato v. contracto. Pedunculus 
 axillaris, strictus, 9 unc. longus, basi nudus, superne I'amosus, 
 ramis abbreviatis. Pedicelli brevissimi, 2 lin. longi, basi 
 bracteolati, bracteolis nunc foliaceis. Calyx 5 lin. longus, 
 cano-pubescens ; involucelli foliolis subulatis. Corolla (pur- 
 purea?) 1^ unc. longa. 
 There are three other W. African Paritia : P. virgatum, 
 
 Guill. et Perr., P. sterculicefolium, G. et P., and a third unde- 
 
 scribed species — all from Senegal. 
 
 1. Abelmoschus esculentus, Wight etArn. — Hibiscus esculentus, 
 Linn. — W. Africa, {cult.) 
 
 2. Abelmoschus moschatus, Moench. — Hibiscus Abelmoschus, 
 Linn. — Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 1. Hibiscus vitifolius, Linn. ; /3. caule patentim piloso, foliis ca- 
 lyceque pilis fulvis stellatis. — H. strigosus, Schum. et Thonn. 
 Beskr. p. 314 — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 This differs from the usual East Indian state of the plant, in 
 the greater \illosity and many stellate setse, or hairs, which, 
 together with the toothing of the leaves, are very variable 
 characters. In some varieties, the whole plant is merely hoary. 
 
 2. Hibiscus physaloides, Guill. et Perr., Fl. Seneg.p. 52 — H. ad- 
 scendens, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 482. — St. Thomas, 
 
 q2 
 
228 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Don; Valley of St. Domingo, St. Yago, Cape de Verds, 
 /. D. Hooker."^ 
 
 3. Hibiscus asper, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto superne angulato 
 sufFruticoso tuberculis minimis sub-aculeato, foliis .patentibus 
 longe petiolatis petiolo scabrido palmatim 7-partitis utrinque 
 aspevulis, lobis liueaiibus acutis obtusisve integris v. sinuato- 
 dentatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis, 
 involucelli laciniis subulatis calj'cera pilosum sequantibus. — 
 Sierra Leone, Miss Turner, (in Herb. Hook.) 
 
 Statura, babitusque H. cannabince, sed major, caule inermi, 
 
 foliisque 7-lobis. Flores \\ unc. diam. 
 
 A very fine species. The petioles and lacinise of the leaf are 
 3-5 inches long. 
 
 4. Hibiscus Guineensis, G. Don, Gard. Did. I.j9. 481, wowDC ; 
 caule herbaceo inermi piloso (pilis furcatis), foliis sublonge 
 petiolatis late rotundato-cordatis superioribus 3 caeteris 5-lobis 
 obtuse serratis uti-inque sed subter prsecipue pilosis lobis 
 acutis acuminatisve, pedunculis brevibus clavatis axillaribus 
 V. in racemum dispositis hispido-pilosis, involucelli foliolis 
 lineari-subulatis calycem capsulamque sequantibus, calycis 
 segmentis appresse pilosis ovato-subulatis sinu obtuso, corolla 
 ampla, capsula ovato-globosa acuminata hispido-strigosa, se- 
 minibus angulatis vix tuberculatis. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The above description closely accords with Wight and Ar- 
 nott's (Prodr. Flor. Pen. Ind. Or. p. 49) character of Wallich's 
 H. lunarifolius ; and indeed the only distinction I can trace 
 between this and original specimens of the E. Indian plant is, 
 that in the latter, the calyx and involucellum are considerably 
 longer than the fruit, in H. Guineensis shorter than that 
 organ. 
 
 The Hibiscus cannabinus of the E. Indies is also a native 
 of Senegal, and a fifth species, from the same countiy, H. verru- 
 cosus, Guill. et Perr., is described in the Flora Senegambise. 
 
 5. Hibiscus Surattensis, Linn. — Accra and St. Thomas, Don. ; 
 Senegal. Also an E. Indian species. 
 
 * Omitted above, p. 107. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 229 
 
 The H. diversifolius {Hibiscus, Jacq., H. scaber, Mich.), a 
 N. American species, is a native of Senegal, as is also H. rostel- 
 latus, Guill. et Perr. ; and four species, H. versicolor, H. 
 triumfettaifolius, H. congener, and H. ohtusatus, are described 
 by Schumacher from Guinea. 
 
 The old genus. Hibiscus, is a very important one in W. Africa, 
 there being, besides the above-enumerated species : one of Bom- 
 bycella : Hibiscus clandestinus, Cav., from Senegal ; three of 
 Creinontia, all natives of Senegal : H. Senegalensis, Cav., H. tu- 
 bulosus, Cav. (also an E. Indian plant), and H. ribesiifoUus, Guill. 
 et Perr. ; one sp. of Fugosia : F. digitata, Pers. ; and three of 
 PavoJiia : P. Zeylanica, Willd., P. triloba and P. hirsuta, Guill. 
 et Perr. 
 
 1. Gossypium Barbudense, L. — G. punctatum et G. prostratum, 
 Schum. et Thonn. Beskr., p. 310, 311. — Fernando Po and 
 Cape Palmas, Vogel, (near habitations). 
 Var. ? hirsutum, ramis molliter et patentim pilosis, seminibus 
 obovatis fusco-castaneis glabriusculis, ubique v. basi gossy- 
 pinis, gossypio albo. — Sierra Leone, Miss Turner, (in Herb. 
 Hook.) ; Accra, Don. 
 
 Dr. VogeFs specimens being in flower only, I cannot deter- 
 mine the variety to which it may belong. Don^s specimens 
 differ from Miss Turner's only in the seeds being cottony all 
 over. 
 
 1. Wissadula rostrata. — Sida rostrata, Schum. et Thonn., Beskr. 
 p. 306— S. stellata, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 499.— Abutilon 
 laxiflorum, Guill. et Perr., FL Seneg. p. 66. — A. parviflorum, 
 A. St. Hit. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1. p. 201.— Sida periplocifolia, 
 . /3. caribaea, DC. Prodr. 1. p. 468. — Abutilon periplocifolium, 
 Don, IVebb, supra, p. 108. — Cape Coast, Vogel, Thonning ; 
 St. Thomas, Don. ; Senegal. 
 
 Var. /3. foliis subrugosis Accra, Vogel. 
 
 A common West Indian plant, closely allied to W. hirsuta, 
 Presl, but apparently differing, as well in the absence of the 
 rigid hairs characteristic of that species, as by the fruit, of 
 which the carpels are more divergent at the apex, with longer 
 points. The Ceylonese plant, which probably originally sug- 
 gested the specific name periplocifolia, appears to be quite dis- 
 
230 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 tinct. It has been called W. Zeylanica by Medik, the founder 
 of the genus Wissadula, but ought perhaps to retain the Lin- 
 nsean specific name. 
 
 1. Abutilon Asiaticum, G. Don, (Sida, Linn.) Accra, Vogd.; 
 Senegal. 
 
 Common to both the East and West Indies. 
 
 2. Abutilon Indicum, G. Don, (Sida, Linn.) — an S. glauca, 
 Cav. Ic.l. t.W ? — S. grandiflora, G. Don, Gard. Diet, \, 
 p. 501.— St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Equally common in the Eastern and Western hemispheres. 
 
 Five other species are recorded by Guill. et Perr, as natives of 
 Senegal, viz. : A. ramosum, tortuosum, macropodum, sparman- 
 nioides, and fruticosum, and the Sida Guineensis, Schum. et 
 Thonn., is probably also an Abutilon. 
 
 1. Sida rhombifolia, Linn. — S. retusa, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1, 
 p. 492. — S. rugosa, Sehum. Thonn. Beskr.,p. 304 ? — Senegal ; 
 Nun River, and Ebu, Vo(/el ; St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The majority of the specimens of this plant which I have 
 examined, have shortly bicuspidate carpells. It is a native of 
 both the E. and W. Indies, 
 
 2. Sida linifolia, Cav. — S. linearifolia, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr, 
 p. 303. — Senegal ; Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, Accra, and 
 Quorra River, Vogel, Don, &c. 
 
 A West Indian plant, varying much in stature and the breadth 
 of the leaves. 
 
 3. Sida cordifolia, Linn. — S. althseifolia, Sw. — S. Africana, Pal, 
 Beauv. 2. p. 87. 1. 116. — S. decagyna, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. 
 p. 307 ? — Senegal to Benin, Vogel, and others. 
 
 Var. foliis minoribus. S. cordifolia^ L. ? — St. Thomas and Ac- 
 cra, Don. 
 
 A very common species in the wanner regions of both hemi- 
 spheres. 
 
 4. Sida urens, Linn. — S. sessiliflora, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. 
 p. 491, et S. debilis, G. Don, I. c. ? — Senegal, St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 Also both an East and West Indian plant. The West African 
 specimens are very slender, and the carpels shortly 2-cus- 
 pidate. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 231 
 
 5. Sida stipulata, Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 23./, 10. — S. prostrata, 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. ;;. 490.— Sierra Leone, Vogel, 
 Don. 
 
 These specimens have slender aristae to the carpels. The 
 species is a native of both the East and West Indies, and is con- 
 sidered by Dr. Planchon as a mere variety of S. acuta. 
 
 6. Sida retusa, Linn. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The leaves of these specimens are either obtuse or acute, and 
 scarcely retuse, as is frequently the case with East Indian speci- 
 mens, where it occurs as far east as the Phillippine Islands. 
 The carpels terminate in a subulate point. Dr. Planchon con- 
 siders it a mere variety of S. rhombifolia. 
 
 7. Sida acuta, Burm., Cav. diss. I. p. 15. t. 2./. 3. — S. ovata, 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 492.— Cape Coast, Vogel ; St. 
 Thomas, Don. 
 
 Certainly identical with the East Indian species of this name. 
 Don^s specimens have luxuriant foliage, 
 
 8. Sida Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; gracilis, erecta, glaberrima, caule 
 virgatim ramoso, foliis petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis acutis 
 insequaliter subacute serratis basi rotundatis, stipulis glaber- 
 rimis petiolum superantibus, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis 
 (rarius biuis) unifioris gracilibus medio articulatis petiolis ter 
 longioribus, calyce glaberrimo segmentis acuminatis, cai'pellis 
 subsenis 2-rostratis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Suffrutex 2-3-pedalis, ramosus. Caidis crassitie pennse cor- 
 viuge. Stipula majusculse, petiolum gracilem -^ unc. longum 
 superantes. Folia utrinque glaberrima, 1^-2 unc. longa, 
 4-5 lin. lata, submembranacea. Pedunculi graciles, erecti, 
 Carpella dorso rugosa, rostris paulo divaricatis. 
 I believe this to be a very distinct species, more similar to the 
 N. American S. Elliottii than to any other. It differs from 
 S. spinosa and all its varieties in wanting the spine, and in the 
 long peduncles; from S. stipulata, (which it otherwise much 
 resembles), in the stipules ; from S. acuta, by the same charac- 
 ters, and from S. rhombifolia in the smooth leaves, which are 
 not hoary. 
 
 There are four other W. African Sida, all from Senegal ; 
 
232 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 S. grewioides, Guill. et Perr,, S. spinosa, L., S. canescens, Cav., 
 and a possibly iiudescribed species. 
 
 The above, with two plants belonging to other genera of 
 Malvacecs, viz., LMgunea ternata, Cav., and Bastardia^angulata, 
 Guill. et Perr., complete the catalogue of W. African Ma/- 
 vacece. 
 
 XVIII. BOMBACE^. 
 
 1. Adansonia digitata, Linn. — Cape Verd to Congo, various 
 travellers, Vogel, Don, &c. 
 
 2. Bombax Buonopozense, Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2, 
 p. 42. t. 83 ? glaberrimum, foliis palmatis longe petiolatis,^ 
 foliohs anguste elliptico-lanceolatis membranaceis utrinque 
 angustatis acuminatis apicem versus remote ciliato-serratis. — 
 Station uncertain in Vogel's collection ; Sierra Leone, Miss 
 Turner. 
 
 The flowers of B. Buonopozense are contained in Herb. Hook., 
 and to that plant the leaves preserved by Vogel may belong, 
 though there are probably other W. African species of the 
 genus. 
 
 3. Eriodendron anfractuosum, DC. Prodr. 1. p. 479. An 
 Bombax Guineense, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 302. ? — 
 Congo River, Christ. Smith. A common East Indian tree. 
 
 XIX. Sterculiace^. 
 
 1. Sterculia tragacantha, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1353. — S. pu- 
 bescens, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 515. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 One of My. Don^s specimens is in fruit, and the following 
 
 description may be added: 
 
 Carpella 2, globosa, breviter stipitata, subrostrata v. mucro- 
 
 nata, reticulata, dense ferrugineo-pubescentia. 
 
 This species, like the East Indian S. urens, yields a gum 
 resembhng Tragacanth. The iS. pubescens of Don's Herb, (not 
 Gard. Diet.) is the following plant. 
 
 2. Stercuha obovata, Br. in PI. Jav. Rar. p. 233. —Congo 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 233 
 
 River, Christ, Smith ; Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegambia, 
 
 Herb, Hook, 
 
 Leaves smaller than in the foregoing, and more shortly 
 petiolate. 
 
 The /S. tomentosa, Guill. et Perr., is the only other W. African 
 species. 
 
 1. Cola acuminata, Br. PI, Jav. Rar. p. 237. 
 a. Foliis longe petiolatis anguste lineari-obovatis acuminatis. 
 
 Sterculia acuminata, Pal. de Beauv. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 /3. Foliis breviter petiolatis latioribus coriaceis. — B. nitida. 
 
 Vent. ? — S. macrocarpa, Don. — S. verticillata, Schum. et 
 
 Thonn. — Lemania Bichy, DC. — Fernando Po, Vogel ; St. 
 
 Thomas and Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 This is the well-known Cola-nut, of which the var. ^. is the 
 only one cultivated in the New World. 
 
 The Sterculia cordifolia, Cav., from Senegambia, is considered 
 by Brown (PL Jav. Rar. p, 237) to be a second species of Cola. 
 In the same work, a third plant, allied to Cola, but scarcely of 
 the same genus, is alluded to as gathered in Sierra Leone by 
 Afzelius, and three W. African species of Courtenia are enume- 
 rated : C. Afzelii, Br., from Sierra Leone and Congo ; C. triloba, 
 Br., from Senegambia ; and C. ? heterophylla, Br. {Sterculia hete- 
 rophylla, Pal. Beauv.), from Oware. 
 
 XX. Byttneriace^. 
 
 1. Waltheria Indica, Linn. An W. Gnineensis et W. Africana, 
 
 Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 295, 296. ? 
 
 A very common W. African plant ; also abundant both in the 
 East and West Indies. 
 
 A second species, closely allied to one from Brazil, is in Heude- 
 lot's Senegambian collection. 
 1. Melochia corchorifolia, Linn. — Polychlsena simplex et P. ra- 
 
 mosa, G. Don, Card. Diet. 1. jo. 488.— Senegal, Quorra river 
 
 and Cape Palmas, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Very variable in the size and breadth of the foliage. 
 
 Another, and probably new species of this genus, occurs in 
 Senegambia. 
 
234 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 XXI. TlLIACE^. 
 
 1. Corchorus tridens, Linn. — Abundant along the West coast 
 of Africa, also in the East Indies. 
 
 2. Corchorus acutangulus, Lam. Diet. — C. alatus, G. Don, 
 Gard. Diet. 1. p. 542, 2. p. 104. — Senegal, Cape Coast, and 
 Quorra River, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 A frequent East and West Indian species. 
 
 3. Corchorus olitorius, Linn. — C. lanceolatus et C. longicarpus, 
 G. Don, I. c.,p. 543. — Senegal, Quorra, Vogel; St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 A fourth species, C. brachycarpus, Guill. et Perr., occurs in 
 Senegal. The three Guinea species, described by Schumacher 
 and Thonning, C. angustifolius, C. polygonus, and C. muricatus, 
 are probably the same as some of the preceding ones. 
 
 1. Triumfctta rhomboidea, Jacq. Amer. p. 147. t. 90. — Cape 
 Coast, Grand Bassa and Quorra Eiver, Vogel; St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 Certainly identical with the W. Indian plant. 
 Var. /3. glabriuscula. — Bassa Cove, Ansell. 
 Var. y. foliis omnibus brevi-petiolatis basi ovato-cuneatis. — Cape 
 
 Coast and Accra, Don. 
 
 Also a W. Indian variety, having all the leaves like the upper 
 ones of the first. All the varieties have membranous leaves, broad 
 and undivided, the lower abrupt, and not cuneate at the base. 
 
 2. Triumfetta glandulosa, Lam. Diet. 3. p. 421 ? — Quorra 
 River, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis glabriusculus. Folia submembranacea, super vix pu- 
 berula, subter velutino-pubescentia, superiora basi cuncata, 
 inferiora basi latiora ; omnia subcordata, obscure triloba. 
 Stamina 12 et plura. Fructus deest. 
 The plant agrees tolerably with Lamarck's description, except 
 
 the leaves being less velvety. 
 
 3. Triumfetta velutina, Vahl, Symb. 3. p. 62. — Accra, Vogel. 
 Differs (possibly not specifically) from T. mollisy in the more 
 
 cuneate base of the coriaceous leaves, which have shorter petioles, 
 and are more tomentosc beneath ; the stems, too, are more 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 235 
 
 shrubby, and the toothing of the leaves less decided. The young 
 capsules are densely villous between the aculei, in which respect 
 the plant differs from VahFs description, but this character 
 depends on age. 
 
 4. Triumfetta trilocularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2. p. 462. — Nun 
 River, Vogel. 
 
 Specimens very bad, but apparently identical with a Zanzibar 
 species, called T. semitriloba by Bojer, but which diflFers from 
 De Candolle's description of that plant in the leaves not being 
 velvety beneath. 
 
 Caules erecti, rigidi. Folia late ovata, obscure lobata v. Integra, 
 basi ovato-cuneata, rigida, vitrinque puberula, insequaliter 
 serrata, 1-1 j unc. longa ; petiolo l|-pollicari. Capsula im- 
 maturse globoss, pubescentia, inter setas albida. 
 The T. trilocularis, Guill. et Perr., appears to be the T. rhom- 
 boidea, Jacq., judging from the imperfect specimen in Herb. 
 Hook. 
 
 5. Triumfetta angulata, Lam, Diet. 3. p. 421 ? — Gambia, Capt. 
 Boteler, (in Herb. Hook.) 
 
 Folia superiora sessilia, ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, nunc late 
 rhomboidea, triloba, pubescentia et sericeo-pilosa, subter ve- 
 lutina. Capsulce immature globosse, pedicellatse, setosse, to- 
 mentoque albido dense opertse. 
 
 6. Triumfetta eriophlebia, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto ramoso laxe 
 patentim piloso villosiusculo, foliis petiolatis deflexis supe- 
 rioribus lanceolatis, inferioribus late ovatis sub 3-lobis, om- 
 nibus acuminatis basi rotundatis ad petiolum cordatis sub- 
 grosse irregulariter dentatis utrinque hirsutis pilis patulis, 
 nervis subter dense albo-lanatis, floribus mediocribus axillari- 
 bus pedicellatis subracemosis, sepalis longe acuminatis, 
 staminibus 10, ovario hispido, capsula immatura lanata setis- 
 que uncinatis tecta. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Petioli \ unc. longi. Folia 2|-pollicaria, submembranacea, pilis 
 
 patulis fulvis vestita. 
 
 Complete specimens, both flowering and fruiting, are required 
 of the Triumfett<p. to determine the limits of the species ; and 
 such are rare in our Herbaria. The size of the flower and 
 
236 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 arming of the capsule probably afford better characters than the 
 variable foliage; it should always be mentioned whether the 
 capsules described are ripe or not. Wight and Arnott hint at 
 the probability of the number of East Indian species being 
 much exaggei'ated, for these authors remark, that characters 
 drawn from the suppression of parts of the flower and shape of 
 the leaves, are not to be depended iipon. 
 7. Triumfetta, sp. ? — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Caulis lignosus, ramosus, pilis patulis stellatis velutino-pubes- 
 cens. Folia breve petiolata, petiolo I unc. longo, 1^-polli- 
 caria, basi lata, ad petiolum cordata, utrinque dense velutino- 
 tomentosa, coriacea, triloba, insequaliter serrata, segmentis 
 infimis glandulosis. Capsula immatura uncinato-setosa, inter 
 setas pubescens; matura globosa puberula, breviter setosa, 
 3-5-cocca; coccis 1-spermis; seminibus majusculis. 
 In a genusal ready involved in so much confusion, I unwil- 
 lingly insert another doubtful species. The present is out of 
 flower, but would appear very distinct from its congeners. 
 
 Two other species of this genus are mentioned and first 
 described by Guillemin and Perrottet, T. cordifolia and T. pen- 
 tandra, both from Senegal. Schumacher and Thonning have 
 also described one from Guinea, under the name of T. mollis ; 
 a specimen from Senegal of Heudelot's is either this species 
 or one closely allied to it, and another gathered by Don, at 
 Sierra Leone, in leaf only, if not the T. cordifolia, may be 
 distinct from all the foregoing. 
 
 1. Grewia carpinifolia, Juss. Ann. Mns. 2. p. 91. t. 51./. 1. — 
 Cape Coast, St. Thomas and Accra, Vogel and Don. Also 
 a native of Senegal and Oware. 
 
 Grewia, as was to be expected, is a large W. African genus, 
 whence the poverty of the Niger collections in one so con- 
 spicuous and easily collected is remarkable. Besides the above, 
 six species are enumerated, chiefly '^however from Senegal, viz. : 
 
 1. G. betuloifolia, Juss., closely allied to, and probably identical 
 with the G. populifolia, Vahl, and if so, a plant ranging from 
 Senegal, through Arabia and Persia, to the Peninsula of India ; 
 
 2. G. corylifolia, Guill. et Perr. (G. villosa, Hort. Mai.) also 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 237 
 
 a native of Senegal, Nubia and the East Indies. 3. G. bicolor, 
 Guill. et PeiT., from Senegal. 4. G. meyalocarpa, Pal. Beauv., 
 from Benin. 5. G. guazumcefolia, Juss., from Senegal and East 
 India. 6. G. mollis, Juss., a native of Senegal and Benin ? 
 1. Ompliacarpus Africanus, Hook. fil. ; ramulis puberulis, 
 foliis breve petiolatis ovatis acuminatis super glaberrimis ni- 
 tidis subter puberulis integerrimis v. obsolete serratis, fructi- 
 bus oblique obovato-cuneatis compressis. — Sierra Leone ; Don. 
 IVutex majusculus. iJami teretes ; cortice atro; ramulis fusco- 
 pubescentibus, viscosis ? Folia 2 unc. longa, subcoriacea. 
 Flores paniculati. Fructus | unc. longus. 
 Of this curious plant, whose only congener is a Borneo 
 species described by Korthals, I have seen but very imperfect 
 specimens. Except by the somewhat different shape of the 
 fruit, the two species are hardly distinguishable. It affords a 
 remarkable instance of the relation between the littoral Flora of 
 W. Africa and that of the hot damp Malayan Archipelago, and 
 which contrasts so strongly with the Flora of the drier northern 
 parts of Tropical West Africa, as Senegal, Cape Verd, &c., the 
 t)T)es of whose vegetations, and many of the species themselves, 
 are prolonged eastward through Sennaar, Abyssinia, and Arabia, 
 to the Peninsula of India. 
 
 Glyph^a, Hook. fil. (nov. gen.) 
 
 Calyw ad basim 5-partitus, laciniis oblongis, sestivatione valvatis, 
 decidms. Pe^aZa angustelanceolata,sessilia,basinuda. Stamina 
 plurima, hypogyna ; filamentis gracilibus baud complanatis ; 
 antheris basifixis immobilibus erectis linearibus, connectivi 
 angusti productione brevissime apiculatis loculis 2 laterali-in- 
 trorsis, apice rimula brevi poriformi introrsum dehiscentibus. 
 Ovanwrn subsessile (gynophorosaltem baud conspicuo) instylum 
 apice acuto stigmaticum attenuatum, abortu (?) 3-loculare, 
 loculis ad angulum internum superposite pauciovulatis, et inter 
 ovula contracto-interruptis, inde in locella superposita uniovu- 
 lata divisis. Fructus subcapsularis ? (fragmenta ejus tantum 
 video) fusiformi-oblongLis, verticaliter pluricostatus (10-cos- 
 tatus, Hook, fil.), mesocarpio crasso aride suberoso, locellis 
 
238 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 monospermis paucis (pro carpello singulo 2-3 uniseriatis), 
 endocarpio cartilagineo subindehiscente limitatis ; columella 
 in fructu forsann on sponte irregulariter fracto in fila soluta. 
 Semina ad medium anguli interni locelli cujusve ^ peritrope 
 inserta, transverse late oblonga, anatropa. Embryo in axi 
 albuminis rectus; cotyledonibus semini conformibus, baud 
 crassis, facie plana sibi invicem applicitis, radicula exserta 
 lineari-oblonga versus hilum directa. — Frutex Africse occiden- 
 talis tropica?, facie et vegetationis Grewia, rauiis virgatis. 
 Folia alterna, disticha, petiolata, lanceolata, cuspidata, remote 
 et insequaliter repando-serrata v. denticulata, triplinervia, 
 cseterum penninervia, rigide membranacea, glabriuscula. SH- 
 pula non visge. Umbellce 3-4-flor8e, pedunculatse, ssepius 
 oppositifolise, nunc axillares, basi ebracteatse, bracteolis ad 
 basim pedicellorum caducis. Flores lutei.* 
 
 1. Glypbsea greivioides, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXII.) — Grewia late- 
 riflora, G. Don, Gard. Did. \. p. 549. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Ramulif petioli, pedicellique pube parca stellata conspersi. Folia 
 variant lanceolata v. late elliptica, basi subcordata v. obtu- 
 siuscula. Pedunculi umbellse 1-2-pollicares. Pedicelli 5-12 
 lin. longi. Fructus erectus, Ij unc. longus, utrinque atte- 
 nuatus, subacutus, axi fibroso percursus. Semina 2 lin. longa, 
 Isevia, pallide brunnea. 
 A very distinct genus, allied closely to the Javanese Diplo- 
 
 phractum, Desf., (Mem. Mus. 5. p. 34. t. 1.) as well as to the 
 
 true Grewia. 
 
 Plate XXII. Fig. 1. expanded flower, slightly magnified; 
 f. 2. ovary ; /. 3. fruit, natural size ; f. 4. the same, cut 
 across; f. 5. longitudinal section of the same; /. 6. seed; f. 7. 
 the same, cut through in the direction of the rhaphe. 
 
 1. Christiana cor dif alia, Hook, fil., foliis pctiolatis oblongo- 
 ovatis obtusis basi cordatis 5-nervibus super glaberrimis sub- 
 ter molliter ferrugineo-pubescentibus obsolete 3-lobis inte- 
 gerrimis, corymbo terminali, pedunculis pedicellisque velutino- 
 
 * The above character is copied from that given by Dr. Planchon in 
 the " Icones Plantarum," t. 7C0. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 239 
 
 pubescentibus, calyce 3-lobo persistente, carpellis 2-4 brevis- 
 sime stipitatis subglobosis velutino-tomentosis 1-locularibus 
 2-valvibus 1-spermis. — On the Quorra, opposite Stirling, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Arbor excelsa ; trunco mediocri. Rami validi, teretes ; cortice 
 pallido fibrose, punctis albidis notato. Petioli stricti, 2| unc. 
 longi, vix puberuli. Folia 8-10 unc. longa, 5-6 lata, oblongo- 
 cordiformia, obtusa, subobliqua, nunc obscure lobata, plana, 
 siccitate ferrugineo-fusca, membranacea. Corymbus 6 unc. 
 longus, amplus, pluries ramosus : ramis primariis validis, sub- 
 elongatis; pedicellis breviusculis. Calycis lobi 2 lin. longi, 
 coriacei, obtusi. Carpella diametro Pisi sativi, moUiter 
 tomentosa. Testa pulchre irrorata, e membranis 3 constans ; 
 exteriore dense Crustacea; intermedia tenuior, inter crus- 
 taceam et membranaceam, atra ; interior tenuissima, albu- 
 mini appressa. Albumen copiosum, carnosum. Cotyledones 
 maximse, foliacese, venosse ; plumula minima ; radicula teres 
 crassa. 
 A very handsome plant, agreeing well with Christiana in the 
 
 three-lobed calyx, but in the fruit and habit allied to Brown- 
 
 lovia, Roxb. 
 
 2. Christiana 4^"^^^^^^ I^C. Prod. \. p. 516. — On the Congo 
 River, Christ. Smith. 
 
 1. Honckneya ficifolia, Willd. in Ust. Del. ex DC. Prod. 1. 
 p. 506. — Clappertonia, Meissn. Gen. p. 36 (28). — Grand 
 Bassa, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don. ; Senegal. 
 
 Sepala 5, 3 v. omnia glandula globosa apiculata instructa. 
 Petala late rotundata, breviter unguiculata, imbricata, convo- 
 luta, rubro-coerulescentiaio, [Vogel). Stamina basi coalita, 
 plura incompleta, setiformia, 12 elongata, antherifera; an^ 
 theris versatilibus, elongatis ; loculis utrinque liberis. Ovarium 
 8-loculare setosum ; loculis multiovulatis, ovulis 2-serialibus, 
 placentis axillaribus affixis. Semina parva, orbicularia, plano- 
 convexa. Testa e membranis 3 constans ; exteriore membra- 
 nacea ; intermedia Crustacea ; interiore tenuissima. Albumen 
 carnosum. Embryo axillis, latitudine albuminis. Cotyledones 
 latissimae, planse ; radicula crassa terete. 
 
240 FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 
 
 This outer coat of the testa is usually described as an 
 arillus. The hairs of the fruit are described by Vogel as 
 always of a reddish-brown colour on one side of it^ and green 
 on the other. 
 
 XXII. DlPTEROCARPE^. 
 
 1. Lophira aZa^a, Banks. — Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 108. /. 
 
 24. — Sierra Leone, Don. ; Senegal. 
 
 A low shrub, 2 to 3 feet high, according to Don. The 
 structure of the wood is highly curious. 
 
 XXIII. Clusiace^e. 
 
 1. Pentadesma butyracea, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 619. — 
 Sierra Leone and St. Thomas, Don. (The Butter- and Tallow- 
 tree of W. Africa.) 
 
 XXIV. TERNSTR(EMIACEiE. 
 
 The true Ternstrcemiacece, now known to be so numerous in 
 
 Tropical America and Asia, have no representative in West 
 
 Tropical Africa since Ventenatia and Cochlospet'muJii have been 
 
 removed by Planchon, the one to BixinetB, the other to the 
 
 neighbovirhood of Geraniacea. The following genus, however, 
 
 and the others forming Planchon's group of Ixionanthea, are 
 
 so nearly related to Ternstrosmiacece, that it may be convenient 
 
 to consider them merely as a tribe of that order. 
 
 1. Oclai\ioco%m\x^ Africamis,* Hook. fil. (Tab. XXIII.) rhachidi- 
 
 bus et pedicellis exceptis glaberrimus, foliis alternis brevissime 
 
 petiolatis oblongis sparsis cuspidatis, cuspide callis paucis 
 
 subglandulosis secus marginem instructo, utrinque acutis 
 
 margine leviter incrassato et revoluto integris v. subrepandis 
 
 rigide chartaceis nitidis subtus pallidioribus pulchre et te- 
 
 nuissime venosis, racemis axillaribus 1-3 folio brevioribus, 
 
 pedicellis fasciculatis petala sub fructu sequantibus rhachidi- 
 
 busque puberulis, petalis sub fructu induratis calyce plus 
 
 * This character is copied from that drawn up by Dr. Planchon, 
 " Icones Plantarum," t. 773. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 241 
 
 duplo longioribus, staminibus styloque exsertis. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 D07l. 
 
 Although at first sight this interesting plant might appear to 
 differ generically from the original O. Ror'aima, Benth., from 
 Guyana, a more close inspection shows those differences to be 
 merely specific. The leaves, which have in both the same firm 
 texture and glossy surface, are here scattered on the branchlets, 
 instead of being collected rather densely towards their apex; 
 the inflorescence consists of racemose fascicles, not of a sub- 
 coi-ymbose panicle; the petals become thicker, and might be 
 called almost woody, a character w^hich, connected with all 
 others, marks out the affinity of both plants with the genus 
 Ixionanthus of Jack. (Planchon.) 
 
 Plate XXIII. Fiff. 1. flower, long after fecundation; /. 3, 
 petal, with two stamens ; /. 3. pistil, with the disc and lower 
 parts of the filaments ; f. 4. vertical section of the same ; 
 /. 5. fruit in the persistent flower; f. 6. transverse section of 
 the same ; /. 7. seed, with the arilliform production of the 
 exostome. 
 
 XXV. Erythroxyle^. 
 
 1. Erythroxylon, possibly E.ferrugineum, Cav.? — From VogePs 
 collection, without the precise station. The specimen is 
 evidently of this genus, but quite undeterminable as to species. 
 It does not appear to be the same as E. emarginatum, Schum. 
 et Thonn. from Guinea, the only species as yet published 
 from Western Africa. 
 
 XXVI. Hypericine^. 
 
 1. Psorospermum /errM^iwewm, Hook. fil. ; caule tereti erecto, 
 foliis brevissime petiolatis elliptico-obovatis oblongisve obtusis 
 v. acutis adultis glabratis subter reticulatis immaturisque 
 utrinque ferrugineo-tomentosis, marginibus leviter revolutis. 
 pedunculis axillaribus sub-3-chotomis pedicellisque rufo- 
 tomentosis, sepalis obtusis pubescentibus fascicules staminum 
 pentandros sequantibus, petalis intus subvillosis. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
242 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Rami cortice pallide griseo rimoso tecti ; ramiilis ferrugineo-to- 
 mentosis. Petioli \ unc. longi. Folia 1-2-uncialia, |-1 unc. lata, 
 super siccitate fusca, subnitida, subter pallidiora, reticulatira 
 venosa, pube stellata ferrugineo-subtomentosa. Cymce sub 
 12-florae; pedicellis post anthesin elongatis, ^ unc. longis. 
 Flores 3 lin, longi. Androphoi'a ciliato-barbata. Baccce im- 
 maturse globosse, acuminatse, 5-loculares, loculis-3-vacms, 
 cseteris 2-spermis ; testa seminis scrobiculata. 
 Closely allied to the P. febrifugum, Spacb^ but the leaves are 
 
 smaller, and not white underneath, nor are the cymes dense. 
 
 2. Psorospermum tenuifolium, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXI.) ; gla- 
 berrimum, ramis teretibus, ramulis oppositis, foliis petiolatis 
 membranaceis ellipticis utrinque angustatis punctis opacis 
 notatis, pedunculis axillaribus, cymis multifloris, pedicellis 
 sepalisque subacutis glaberrimis, petalis intus villosis, andro- 
 phoris pentandris, ovario 5-loculari, loculis 2-ovulatis, bacca 
 globosa abortu 3-loculari, loculis 1 -2-spermis, testa subco- 
 riacea scrobiculata. — Nun River, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex 10-pedalis, ramosus. Rami teretes, cortice pallido striato ; 
 ramulis gracilibus. Petioli 2-4 lin. longi. Folia 3-4-polli- 
 caria, 2-2^ unc. lata, ssepe insequilateralia, glaberrima, apice 
 angustata, acuminata ; super siccitate fusco-castanea, vix 
 nitida, subter pallidiora, utrinque punctis minimis sparsa, 
 costa prominula; penninervia, nervis parallelis. Pedunculi 
 \ unc. longi, deinde ramosi, pedicellis perplurimis, 1-2 lin. 
 longis. Flores pai'vi. Petala albido-lutescentia ex Vogel. 
 Baccce siccitate nigrae, in vivo ex Vogel nigrescenti-purpu- 
 rascentes ; 2-3 lin, diametro. Testa seminum coriaceo-car- 
 nosa, albumine nullo ; cotyledonibus conduplicatis, sparse 
 nigro-punctatis. 
 In this and the following species the cotyledons are remarkably 
 
 conduplicatc, a character possibly peculiar to the African species, 
 
 as may be also the delicately membranous nature of the perfectly 
 
 smooth leaf. 
 
 Plate XXI. Fig. 1. flower;/. 2. pistillum ; /. 3. fruit, nat. 
 size; f. 4. the same, magnified; f. 5. transverse section of 
 the same ; /. 6. seed ; /. 7. embryo. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 243 
 
 3. Psorospermum alternifoliuin, Hook. fil. ; glaberrimum, ramis 
 validis teretibus, ramulis crassis elongatis glaucis, foliis petio- 
 latis inferioribus alternis omnibus obovato-oblongis obtusis 
 acutisve valde coriaceis basi angustatis super nitidis subter 
 glaucis reticulatim venosis sparse nigro-punctatis, pedunculis 
 axillaribus lateralibusve laxe paniculatis, paniculis di-tri-cho- 
 tomis, sepalis 4-5 glaberrimis obtusis, petalis basi squamula 
 minima auctis apice inflexis acuminatis intus subvillosis, an- 
 drophoris barbatis 5-7-andris, ovario 5-loculari, loculis sub 
 2-ovulatis, bacca abortu 2-3-loculari, loculis 2-spermis, testa 
 scrobiculata. — Sierra Leone ; Don. 
 
 Frutex 2-pedalis. Raniuli diametri pennfe corvin?e, la^ves, gla- 
 berrimi. Petioli 4-6 lin. longi. Folia erecta, superiora 
 opposita, csetera alterna, 4-7 unc. longa, 3-4 lata, seniora 
 rigida, coriacea, super nitida, venosa, subter opaca, albido- v. 
 coeruleo-glauca, nigro-puuctata. Panicula 3 unc. longa, 
 ramis gracilibus erectis. Floras 3 liu. longi. Bacca parvse, 
 vix 2 lin. latse, calyce paulo aucto suffultse. Semina omnino 
 ut in P. tenuifolio. 
 A noble species ; remarkable for the alternate lower leaves, 
 
 stout ramuli, the glaucous hue of the latter, as of the petioles, 
 
 and under sides of the leaves, the large panicles, small 
 
 berries, and conduplicate cotyledons. 
 
 The other species of this genus are P. Senegalense, Spach, 
 
 which is the Hypericum Gnineense, Linn., (but perhaps not 
 
 Vismia Guineensis of Choisy), a Senegambian plant, and P. 
 
 febrifugum, Spach, fromAngola. 
 
 1. Ho-von^z. paniculata, Pers. Syn. 2. p. 91 (sub Arungana). — 
 Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, Vogel ; SieiTa Leone, Don. ; 
 Senegambia. 
 I cannot distinguish the W. African specimens from those of 
 
 the Mozambique, Mauritius and Madagascar. Vogel remarks 
 
 that it is a shrub, and Don a tree 20 ft. high. 
 
 ] . Vismia Leonensis, Hook. fil. ; ramulis teretibus oppositis 
 velutino-pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis late elliptico-ovatis 
 oblongo-lanceolatisve utrinque angustatis membranaceis 
 
 R 2 
 
244 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 super glabratis siibter ferrugineo-tomentosis nigro-punctatis, 
 cymis axillaribus paucifloris, pedicellis elongatis pedunciilo 
 sequilongis sepalisque obtusis pubescentibus, bacca globosa 
 pulposa 5-loculari, loculis polyspermis, seminibus subcylin- 
 draceis. — Sierra Leone ; Vogel, (cult.), Don. 
 
 Rami graciles ; cortice pallide cinereo rimoso ; ramulis divari- 
 catis. Petioli 2-3-pollieares. Folia inferiora parva, late 
 elliptico-oblonga, 1-1 1 unc. longa, superiora niajora, oblongo- 
 lanceolata, 4-polliearia, in apieem acuminatam angustata, sub- 
 membranacea, margine obscure undulata, super fusco-brunnea^ 
 opaca, subter pallidiora, flavo-fusca v. rufo-ferruginea, pube 
 stellata subtomentosa, penninervia. Pedunculi graciles, 4 lin. 
 longi, dichotome v. subumbellatim ramosi. Baccce diametro 
 Pisi majusculi. Testa Crustacea pallide flavo-brunnea, lex'iter 
 reticulata, albumine v. endopleura parca ; embi-yone tereti, 
 cylindraceo. 
 The specimens are flovverless, but the structure of the fruit 
 
 and seed so entirely accord with the S. American VismicB, that 
 
 though perhaps the only extra-American species of the genus, I 
 
 refer it to that with little hesitation. 
 
 It is to be borne in mind that it appears to abound at Sierra 
 
 Leone, where Vogel distinctly says it is in cultivation. 
 
 The Lancretia svffriiticosa, Del., a plant common to Senegal 
 
 and Egypt, is the only other W. African Hypericinea known to 
 
 XXVII. Malpighiace^. 
 
 1. Acridocarpus plagiopterus, Guill. et Perr. FL Seneg. 1. p. 
 123. t. 29. — Anomaloptcris obovata, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 
 1. 642. — Sien-a Leone, Don.; Senegambia. 
 
 2. Acridocarpus Smeathmanni, Guill. et Perr. /. c. p. 124. 
 Anomaloptcris spicata, Don, I. c. — Sierra Leone, Dofi. 
 
 3. Acridocarpus longifoliiis. Hook. fil. ; glaberrimus, ramis graci- 
 libus, foliis alternis breve petiolatis lineari-oblongis elongatis 
 apice angustatis acuminatisque margine undulatis membra- 
 naceis subter vix glandulosis, petiolo biglanduloso, raceme 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 245 
 
 terminali breviusculo paucifloro, pedicellis gracillimis sepalis- 
 que puberulis, bracteolis subvilatis eglandulosis. — Anomalop- 
 teris longifolia, Don, I. c. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 Frutex 8-pedalis. Rami graciles, crassitie pennse anatinse, 
 teretes ; cortice pallide cinereo ; ramulis rufescentibus. Folia 
 5-10 unc. longa, 21-4 lata, oblongo-obovata v. lineari-obovata, 
 ramea obovato-lanceolata ; membranacea, utrinque glaberrima, 
 integerrima, in petiolum non angustata, superne in apicem 
 obtusum acutumve angustata, super fusco-viridia, reticnlatim 
 venosa, subter pallide viridia, glandulis paucis notata ; petiolo 
 \ unc. longo. Racemus terminalis, 4-pollicaris, pedunculo 
 pube ferruginea vestito ; pedicellis gracilibus, \ unc. longis. 
 Flores flavi, h unc. lati. Sepala late oblouga, pviberula, 
 unico basi glandula maxima depressa notato. Petala calyce 
 quadru])lo longiore ; marginibus erosis. 
 
 This is Don^s Anomalopteris longifolia, so called in his 
 collections, though differing from the uisufficient and inaccurate 
 description in the " Gardener's Dictionary." It cannot, how- 
 ever, be the A. Guineensis of Adrien Jussieu, which that author 
 particularly describes as having very coriaceous leaves, whereas 
 those of this plant are even more membranous than in A. 
 Smeathmanni. 
 
 4. Acridocarpus Guineensis, Adr. Juss. Malpigh. p. 231 ; ramis 
 validis supremis pubervilis, foliis alternis breve petiolatis co- 
 riaceis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis glaberrimis 
 super IfBvibus subter reticulatim venosis, petiolo biglandu- 
 loso ; racemis lateraHbus, pedunculo valido, pedicellis sepalis- 
 que oblongis pubescentibus, bracteolis subulatis, samaris 
 glabris, ala gradatim dilatata apice oblique rotundata. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Frutex sarmentosus, 4-5-pedalis ; ramis pendulis, apices versus 
 prjBcipue puberulis. Folia 6-10 unc. longa, 3-4 lata, coriacea, 
 super opaca Isevia, subter palhdiora venis prominulis reticulata, 
 remote punctata, basi glandulis majusculis 2-3 instructa ; 
 petiolo incrassato, ^ unc. longo. Racemi 3-4 unc. longi, 
 erecti, multiflori; pediceUis infimis curvatis, | unc. longia. 
 
246 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Calycis lacinise oblongse. pubescentes. Corolla flava ; petalis 
 fere I unc. longis. Ovarium dense pubescens. Samara 2- 
 pollicaris, glabra v. puberula, e basi dilatata, latior quam in 
 A. Smeathmanni et playiopteride. 
 
 5. Acridocarpus corymbosus, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXIV) ; ramis 
 sparse tuberculatis, foliis breviter petiolatis coriaceis elliptico- 
 ovatis oblongisve acutis integeiTimis glaben-imis super Isevi- 
 bus subter reticulatim venosis basi biglandulosis, racemis 
 axillaribus terminalibusque corymbosis pubescentibus folio 
 multoties brevioribus, pedunculo sursum incrassato, pedicellis 
 elongatis gracilibus, floribus parvis. — Cape Coast Castle, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Arbuscula. Rami diametro pennse anatinse ; cortice fusco, 
 tuberculis sparsis instructo. Folia 3 unc. longa, If lata, 
 basi obtusa, glandulis (nisi ad apicem petioli) nullis, v. in- 
 conspiciiis, super fusco-brunnea, subter pallidiora, opaca; 
 petiolo 2 lin. longo. Pedunculus vix uncialis post anthesin 
 subclavatiis. Inflorescentia corymbosa, corymbo 1 unc. lato, 
 Hiultifioro ; bracteolis parvis, subulatis ; pedicellis gracilibus, 
 I unc. longis. Calycis lobi rotundati, extus puberuli, unico 
 basi glaudula depressa instructo. Flores \ unc. lati. 
 
 Plate XXIV. Fig. 1. flower, without the petals; /'. 2. stamen; 
 /. 3. ovary ; all more or less magnified. 
 The other W. African species of this genus are, A. Cavanil- 
 
 lesii) Adr. Juss., from Sierra Leone ; A. Angolensis, Adr. Juss., 
 
 from Angola ; and an undcscribed Senegambian species in the 
 
 Hookcrian Herbarium, collected by Heudelot. 
 
 1. Heteropterys Africana, Adr. Juss., Malp. p. 202. — Sierra 
 Leone, and Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Senegambia. 
 
 2. Heteropterys Jussieui, Hook. fil. ; foliis elliptico-oblongis 
 lincari-lanccolatisve acuminatis coriaceis super lucidis planis 
 bullatisve subter reticulatim venosis glaucis, paniculis tcrmi- 
 nalibus trichotome ramosis pubescentibus, calycis laciniis 
 biglandulosis, samara circumscriptione semicirculari ala plana 
 semini conforme. — Sierra, Leone, Don, Vogel. 
 
 There is little but the very different form of the samara to 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 24? 
 
 distinguish this from H. Africana. Each carpel has a broad 
 semicircular wing, produced equally above, below, and out- 
 wardly. 
 
 The above are the only two extra-American representatives of 
 a genus numbering no less than eighty-two species, and afford 
 a striking example of the relation subsisting between the East 
 American and West African Floras. 
 1. Triaspis odorata, Adr. Juss. in Deless. Ic. 3. p. 21. t. 36. — 
 
 Fernando Po, Vogel ; Guinea, Thonning. 
 
 The T. flabellaria, Adr. Juss., from Senegambia, concludes 
 the catalogue of W. African Malpighiacea. 
 
 XXVIII. Sapindace^e. 
 
 1. Cardiospermum Halicacabum, Linn., var. hirsutum. — Fre- 
 quent along the coast, from Cape Verd to the Niger River. 
 
 2. Cardiospermum microcarpum, H.B.K. Nov. gen. et sp. 5. 
 p. 104.— Senegambia ; also in VogeVs collection, without the 
 precise station, but probably as frequent as C Halicacabum. 
 A very distinct plant from the former, in the small, short, 
 
 broadly-triangrJar, trigonous capsviles, depressed at the top, 
 although when in flower only it is difficult to distinguish it. 
 Both species vary in the greater or less degree of pubescence 
 of the stems, young leaves, and pods, or in their perfect smooth- 
 ness, yet it is probably the C. Halicacabum that Schumacher and 
 Thonning refer to as C. hirsutum, and that the C. microcar- 
 pum is their C. glabrum. Both species are so widely diffused 
 over Tropical America, the whole of Africa, the East Indies, and 
 the islands of the Pacific, that we have no other data to deter- 
 mine which is more particularly their native country, than this, 
 that America is the exclusive station for all other known species 
 of the genus. The C. microcarpum has been since published 
 by Miguel (Linnsea, p. 18. 359), under the name of C. acumina- 
 tum, and Cape-Verd specimens of it were included under C. Hali- 
 cacabum in the first portion of this vol., p. 114. 
 \.Y^^A\m\Q, pinnata, Linn.— Senegal, Sieber ; Sierra Leone, 
 
248 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Cape Coast, Fernando Po, St. Thomas, and Congo River, 
 
 Christ. Smith, Vogel, Don, &c. 
 
 An abundant W. African plant, variable in the size of the 
 foliage, from which P. Senegalensis, Juss., P. uvata, Schum. et 
 Thonn., and P. Ajiicana, Don, do not appear to be distinct. 
 It is also frequent in the West Indies. The only other West 
 African species of this large American genus, and the only one 
 hitherto published as extra-American is the P. spheerocarpa, 
 Rich., from Guinea. 
 
 1. Schmidelia Africana, DC, Prod. 1. p. 610. — Ornitrophe 
 tristachyos, Schum, et Thonn., Beskr. p. 188 ? — Sierra Leone, 
 Aboh, Quorra, and Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Senegal, Sieber, &c. 
 Apparently a very common species along the coast, and very 
 
 closely allied to the S. Abyssinica, Ilochst., from Abyssinia, and 
 to the S. melanocarpa and leucocarpa, Presl. {RJms., E Mey. in 
 PI. Drege MS.), from South Africa ; but all these appear to have 
 rather larger flowers. The S. serrata from E. India, and 
 S. Cominia from the West Indies, have the leaves always downy 
 underneath. 
 
 2. Schmidelia hirtella, Hook. fil. — S. monophylla. Hook. fil. 
 in Ic. PI. t. 775 (Tab. XXV.) Ramis pctiolis foliisque 
 subter pubescenti-pilosis, foliolo solitario membranaceo obo- 
 vato-oblongo basi angustato apice abrupte longe acuminato 
 remote argute dentato, costa super puberula, racemis axillaribus 
 multifloris petiolo paulo longioribus, floribus parvis 4-mcris, 
 petalis intus dense villoso-barbatis, glandulis (inter stamina et 
 petala) obcuneatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex. Ramuli gracilcs, subllexuosi, teretes, pubescenti-pilosi ; 
 cortice pallido. Folia alterna 1-foliolata. Petiolus ^-un- 
 cialis, erecto-patens. Foliolum amplum, 6-7 unc. longum, 
 3 latum, ad apices venularum dentatum, super luride vires- 
 cens subter pallidius, ad axillas veuarum lanuginosum. Ra- 
 cemi unciales ; pedicellis 1-2-floris. Pedunculus gracilis, pube- 
 scens. Flares mascidi globosi, ^ lin. lati. Sepala 2 exteriora 
 minora et angustiora, interiora lata, concava. Petala obo- 
 vata, unguiculata, sepalis multoties minora, intus barba de- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 249 
 
 pendente aucta. Squamula carnos?ej petala sequantes^ emar- 
 
 ginatje. Stamina 8 ; filamentis crassiusculis glaberrimis. 
 
 FL foeminei ignoti. 
 
 A very distinct species, though belonging to a unifoliolate 
 group, which is common to the W. Indies, Brazil, S. Africa, 
 and Ceylon. One of the S. African ones named by E. Meyer, in 
 Drege's collection, Rhus monophylla, has been rightly placed 
 by Presl in Schmidelia, under the name of S. monophylla in 
 his Botanische Bemerkungen, a work we had not seen when we 
 first gave the same name to the present species. 
 Plate XXV. Fig. 1. bud ; /. 2. flower without the calyx ; f. 3. 
 
 petal ; all magnified. 
 
 The S. affinis, Guill. et Perr., of Senegal, probably the same 
 as Ornitrophe magica, Schum. et Thonn. from Guinea, and Orni- 
 trophe thijrsoidea^ Schum. et Thonn., are the only other West 
 African congeners. 
 1. Sapindus Senegalensis, Poir. Did. 6, /?. 666. — S. Guineensis, 
 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. \. p. 666? — Senegal, Brunner ; on the 
 
 Gambia, Don. 
 
 The S. saponaria, Linn., is said by Brunner to be cultivated 
 in Scnegambia and at St. Yago (Cape de Verd), and to have 
 become almost wild in woods of the valley of San Domingo, in 
 the latter island. 
 
 1. DemhoWidipinnata, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr.p. 242. — Prostea 
 pinnata, Camb. in Mem. Mus. Par. 18. p. 39. — Guinea, in 
 Vogel's collection without the exact locality. 
 
 2. DeinboUia ? grandifolia, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, ramis vali- 
 dis, petiolis elongatis teretibus Isevibus basi incrassatis, foliolis 
 amplis alternis subremotis breve petiolulatis lineari-oblongis 
 lanceolatisve basi inaqualiter cuneatis rotundatis integei'rimis, 
 paniculis axillaribus folio brevioribus ramosis, fructibus didy- 
 mis subbaccatis. — Cape Palmas, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor 8-pedalis. Rami Iseves, crassitie digiti minoris. Petiolus 
 2-pedalis, teres, glaberrimus, cortice pallide fusco. Foliola 
 8 unc. ad pedalia, super leviter, subter profundius reticulata, 
 pallide viridia, subcoriacea, vix nitida ; petiolulis 3 lin. longis. 
 Panicula fructifera pedalis, ramosa, erecta ; ramis subangu- 
 
250 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 latis pallide punctatis, sub lente puberulis. Pedicelli fructus 
 
 lignosi, 3 lin. longi. 
 
 A very handsome species, but unfortunately neither in flower 
 
 or fruit. The latter having fallen away, I have- taken the 
 
 brief description of that organ from a note on the ticket, by 
 
 Dr. Vogel, which adds that it is lemon-colour. The leaflets are 
 
 very large. 
 
 3. Deinbollia insignis, Hook. fil. ; glabra, foliolis 13 v. ultra 
 amplis alternis brevissime petiolulatis oblongo-ellipticis acu- 
 minatis undulatis basi obtusissimis, paniculis infrafoliaceis ad 
 axillas foliorum delapsorum elongatis, sepalis extus puberulis, 
 petalis glabris ciliatis, staminibus ciliatis. — Fernando Po, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Truncus subarborescens, orgj^alis, 2 poll, diametro, apice coro- 
 nam fert foliorum bipedalium. Horum uncium adest nee 
 perfectum, pars enim inferior deest ; glaberrimum est, rhachis 
 crassa obtuse subangulata. Foliola alterna, 8-10 poll, longa, 
 3-4' poll, lata, petiolulo crasso brevissimo v. vix uUo, utrinque 
 viridia, ncrns pinnatis et venidis reticulatis numerosis promi- 
 nulis scabriuscula. Paniculce semipedales ad pedales, infra 
 comara e trunco ortse, parum ramosse, novellas puberulse. 
 Ramuli breves, irregulariter subcymosaj. Pedicelli breves, 
 superne incrassati, tomentosi. Sepala 5, orbiculata, concava, 
 valde imbricata, parum ina^qualia, 21-3 lin. diametro. Pttala 
 5, sepalis minora, orbiculata, intus basi squama lata plus 
 minus ciliolata aucta. Discus carnosus, parum prominulus. 
 Stamina circa 20 ; filamenta brcvia, liirta ; anthera oblongo- 
 sagittatffi, filamentis paullo lougiores, dorso ciliatse. Ovarium 
 hirtellum, trilobum. Stylus brevis, trilobus. Fructus deest. 
 
 1. Blighia 5G/>?rfa, Keen. Ann. Bot. 1806. v. 2. p. 571 — Cupania 
 edulis, Schum. et Thonn., Beskr. p. 190. — 'Cultivated at 
 Frederiksgaue, Vogel ; found wild on the plains of Guinea, 
 according to Thonning. 
 
 Lecaniodiscus, Planch.* (nov. gen.) 
 Calyx 5-partitus. Petala 0. Discus calycis fundum occupans 
 
 • From Vogel's imperfect specimens, Dr. Hooker was unable to make 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 251 
 
 obscure 10-crenatus. Stamina 10, intra disci marginem in- 
 serta, antheris oblongis. Ovarium villosum, apice vix in 
 styluiu brevissimura attenuatunij intus triloculare. Stigma 
 crassum, reflexo-trilobum. Ovula in loculis solitaria erecta. 
 Drupa obovoidea v. globosa, styli reliquiis apicalibus, intus 
 abortu unilocularis. Semen arillo mucoso involatum. Em- 
 bryo rectus, cotyledonibus crassis conferruminatis, radicula 
 parva. — Frutex ? Africse occidentalis tropicse, habitu Cupanice. 
 Folia impari-pinnata, foliolis oppositis v. alternis integer- 
 rimis. JRacemi breves axillares, floribus secus rhachin fas- 
 ciculatis, bre\dter pedicellatis. 
 
 1. Lecaniodiscus cupanioides. Planch. MS. — Accra, Vogel ; 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; also Senegambia, Heudelot, in the 
 Hookeriau Herbarium. 
 
 Frutex v. arbor, ramulis sulcatis pubescenti-tomentosis. Folio- 
 rum petiolus communis 3-6-pollicaris, sulcatus, puberulus. 
 Foliola 6-11, breve petiolulata, obovata obtusa v. brevissime ob- 
 tuso-acuminata, basi breviter angustata, margiue integerrima, 
 at obscure undulata, submembranacea, supra siccitate fusco- 
 brunnea, subtus pallidiora, glabra v. subtus ad costas pube- 
 rula, penninervia, venulis inter nervos reticulatis. Racemi 
 l|-2 poll, longi, rhachide rufo-tomentello. Bradece parvse, 
 caducissimse. Pedicelli solitarii v. 2-3-ni, puberuli, 2 lin. 
 longi. Calycis lacini?e fere 2 lin. longse, oblongse, obtusse, 
 crassiusculje, intus extusque pubescentes, per anthesin re- 
 flexse. Discus I5 lin. diametro, piano- patellseformis, crena- 
 turis vix conspicuis et fere usque ad marginem calycis fun do 
 adnatus. Stamina glabra, ovario vix longiora. Anthera 
 filamento paullo breviores, biloculares, rimis longitudinalibus 
 dehiscentcs. Ovarium sessile, ovoideo-globosum, dense villo- 
 sum. Stylus brevissimus in lobos latos crasse stigmatosos 
 ovato-hippocrepideos deflexos brevissime divisus. Drupa 
 
 out the genus of this plant, and had referred it with doubt to Cupania, of 
 which it has the habit. Dr. Planchon having since found a flowering 
 specimen in Heudelot's collection, and ascertained that they belonged to 
 an entirely new genus, I have drawn up the abbreviated character from 
 the two specimens. — (G. B.) 
 
252 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 semi-unciam longa, extus tomentosa et in vivo (ex Vogel) 
 
 lutea, pericarpio tenuiter carnosa, endocarpio tcnui. Semen 
 
 cavitatem fructus impleus, arillo mucoso (cujus rudimentum 
 
 jam sub ovulo ante anthesin apparet) involutum. • 
 
 The apetalous flowers^ and the remains of the stigmate at the 
 
 summit of the fruit, and not lateral, distinguish this genus from 
 
 Sapindus, and bring it nearer to Schleichera, from which it is 
 
 readily distinguished by the calj^, the anthers, and the embryo. 
 
 1. Dodonsea viscosa, Linn. — On the Gambia, Don; Senegal, 
 
 Sieber. 
 
 Don's specimens, in excellent fruit, are undoubtedly identical 
 with the Jamaica plant, which Schlechtendahl, with reason, 
 considers as the best entitled to retain the Linnaean specific 
 name. Sieber's specimens, which the same botanist establishes 
 as a distinct species, under the name of D. Kohautiana, appear 
 to be only a slight variety, partly accidental, from the manner 
 in which the resinous exudation has dried, so as to give them a 
 scaly appearance. D. repanda, of Schum. and Thonn., from 
 Guinea, is evidently closely allied, but may be distinct. 
 
 The Erioglossum caulifiorum, Guill. et Perr., from Senegam- 
 bia, referred by Arnott to the Cupania canescens, Pcrs., is the ■ 
 only other W. African Sapindacea known to me besides the 
 following, considered by Plauchon as forming with Melianthus 
 and Bersama, a distinct Order, Melianthece, but which undoubt- 
 edly bears considerable afiinity to, if it be not a mere tribe of, 
 Sapindacea. 
 
 1. l>iata\ia. paullinioides, Planch. (Tab. XXIX) ; foliis cum impari 
 7-10-jugis, foliolis oppositis v. passim alternis petiolatis lan- 
 ceolatis breviter cuspidatis utrinque acutis glabriusculis 
 (nervis subtus tantum pilosulis) remote serrulatis serraturis 
 incurvis, supra siccitate nigrescentibus subtus pallidis, racemo 
 oppositifolio pedunculato plurifloro, bracteis parvis subulatis, 
 pcdicellis calyce brevioribus v. eum sub?equantibus, petalorum 
 lamina lineari-oblonga cristulis parvulis basi ornata v. uuda, 
 ungue pro parte sericeo-albido, stylo inferne piloso stamini- 
 busque exsertis. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 Frutex (vcrosimiliter scandens) facie Paullinia. Ramu/i pe- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 253 
 
 tiolique communes rliachidesque racemi sulcati et pube de- 
 tersibili primum hinc inde sparsi, demum glabrati. Stipulce 
 in unam extra-axillarem brevem, ovatam, dorso sericeam con- 
 cretse. Racemus 7-pollicaris, inferne nudus, medio cicatrici- 
 bus pedicellorum notatus, apice confertiflorus. Flores illis 
 JEsculi Hippocastani minores, leviter irregulares. Calyx 
 profunde 4-fiduSj lacinia infera (antica) apice bidentata (e 2 
 constante). Petala o, sestivatione imbricata, infimo emar- 
 ginaturse lacinise infimse calycis respondente^ inde sepalis 2 
 connatis alterno^ cseteris angustiore. Stamina 4. Fila- 
 menta basi dilatata, duorum petalorum infimorum connata, 2 
 lateralium libera. Glandula carnosa, brevis, sepalo postico 
 opposita, propter stamina externa. Ovarium 4-loculare pilis 
 rufis vestitum. Stigma pyramidato-truncatum. {Planchon). 
 Plate XXIX. Fig. 1. bud, side view; /. 2. flower; /. 3. the 
 same, with only the stamens, pistil, gland, lower petal and 
 one of the posterior petals ; f. 4. stamens, gland, and pistil, 
 back view ; /. 5. gland ; f. 6. ovary, vertical section ; f. 7. 
 summit of the style ; all more or less magnified. 
 
 XXIX. Meliace^.* 
 
 1 . Turrpea Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; ramulis pubescentibus, foliis 
 elliptico-ovatis acuminatis integerrimis ad venas pubescenti- 
 bus, floribus pedicellatis pentameris, calyce brevissime den- 
 tato, tubi staminei dentibus 10 setaceis demum patentibus, 
 ovario 12-loculari, styli parte inflata apice tantum stigmatosa 
 petala non excedente. — Sea Coast, Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex (fide Vog.) ramosissimus, ramis elongatis sarmentosis, 
 pube brevi subvelutina obtectis. Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 2-3 
 poll, lata, acumine obtusiusculo, margine integerrima subun- 
 dulata, insquilatera et basi s?epius obliqua, ima basi obtusa et 
 rotundata v. brevissime aculata, membranacea, penniner\ia et 
 
 * The characters and descriptions in this and the two following Orders 
 are drawn up by myself Irom Dr. Hooker's memoranda, as well as from 
 my own examination of the specimens. (G. B.) 
 
254 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 reticulata, costis et venis primariis pi'cTsertim subter pube 
 brevi tomentellis, petiolo circa 3 lin. longo pubesccntc ; folia 
 novella venis dense hirtis flavicant. Pediinculi in axillis su- 
 perioribus bipollicares, apicc umbellam fcrunt pluri- (8-10?) 
 floram. Pedicelli toraento minimo canescentes, 4-o lin. longi, 
 basi bracteis parvis sericeis confertis stipati. Calyx cupuli- 
 formis, tomentellus, lineam longiis. Petala 10-11 lin. longa, 
 lineari-oblonga, basi longe angustata, extus in sicco vix 
 tomento tenuissimo leviter canescentia, in vivo fide Vogel 
 intus albida et patentia. Tubus siamineus dimidio petalorum 
 longior, tenuiter cylindracea, intus infra apicera pilosulus, 
 cseterum glaber; dentes apicales setacei, antheris vix 
 brevioreSj superue integri v. bifidi et papilloso-serrulati, in 
 alabastro erecti et inter antberas stylo appressi, per anthesin 
 reflexo-patentes.* Antherce ad apicem tubi subsessiles, ob- 
 longo-lineares, connective in apiculam uncinato-inflexam pro- 
 duct©. Stylus usque ad apicem antherarum tenuis, dein 
 inflatus, oblongo-linearis, glandula stigmatosa crassa sub- 
 integra depressa coronatus. Ovarii loculi 12 vidi in flores 
 paucos quos examinavi. 
 
 2. Turrsea propinqua, Hook. fil. ; ramulis glabriusculis, foliis 
 elliptico-oblongis obtusis v. vix acuminatis integerrimis (v. 
 apice lobatis ?) basi angustatis glabris v. vix ad venas minute 
 puberulis, floribus pedicellatis pentameris, calyce brevissime 
 dento; tubi staminei dentibus 20 setaceis demum patentibus, 
 ovario 12-loculari, styli parte inflata apice tantum stigmatosa, 
 petala superante. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Rami quam in prsecedente tenuiores, nonnisi juniores tenuissime 
 puberuli. Folia minora et angustiora, majora in specimine 
 vix tripollicaria, semelque in specimen folium apice lobatum 
 occurrit. Pedunculi pollicares, pedicellis in umbella semi- 
 
 * The arrangement of these curious appendages in the bud, as well as 
 the texture of the upper portion of them, seem to indicate that they are 
 destined, as well as the hooks on the top of the anthers, to perform some 
 function at the time of fecundation, perhaps analogous to that of the 
 collecting hairs found in so many plants at the same period on the style or 
 other contiguous parts. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 255 
 
 poUicaribiis 6-10-uis bracteolis paucis parvis basi stipatis. 
 
 Flores minores quam in T. Vogelii, albi, fragrantissimi 
 
 (ex Don). Petala semipollicaria crassiuscula, extus siccitate 
 
 canescentia. Calyces et genitalia T. Vogelii in omnibus nisi 
 
 stylo ratione calycis longiore et dentibus tubi staminei (in 
 
 flore unico a me examinato) 20 nee 10. Ovarii loculi 12. 
 
 The T. heterophylla, Sm., the only species mentioned by 
 
 Bennett in his review of the genus as from West Tropical 
 
 Africa, is different from either of the above. Don has likewise 
 
 published (Gard. Diet. 1. p. 678) a T. quercifolia from Sierra 
 
 Leone, which may possibly be the same as T. lobata, since 
 
 published and figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 4.) from 
 
 the some country. This belongs to Bennett's first division, 
 
 although Roemer, on geographical grounds, places it in his 
 
 genus Rutaa, founded on Bennett's second division. 
 
 1. Melia Azederach, Linn. — M. augustifolia, Schum. Thonn. 
 
 Beskr.,p. 212. — Sierra Leone, Don, probably cultivated. 
 1. Trichilia emetica, Vahl, Symb. 1. p. 31. — Goniostephanus 
 tomentosus, Fenzl, Flora, 1844, p. 312. — Elkaja emetica, 
 Forst. Rcem. Syn. Mon. Hesperid. p. 116. — Sierra Leone, 
 Herb. Hook. ; Senegambia, Heudelot. Also a native of 
 Nubia and Arabia. 
 
 The T. Prieuriana, A. Juss., from Senegambia (to which 
 T. Ruppeliana, Fresen., from Abyssinia, appears closely allied) 
 and an undescribed one from Senegambia are the only other 
 West African species known to me, but Dr. Planchon suggests 
 that the Limonia ? monadelpha, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 217. 
 is probably also a Trichilia. 
 
 1. Carapa Guineensis, Sweet, Hort. Brit, et in A. Juss. Mem. 
 
 Mel. p. 90. — C. Touloucouna, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 1. 
 
 p. 128. — Touloucouna gigantea, Roem. Syn. Mon. Hesperid. 
 
 1. p. 123. — Senegal, Sierra Leone, Don? 
 
 This tree produces an oil employed in making soap for 
 
 anointing the body, as is the case with the C. Guianensis, of 
 
 which species Ad. Juss , and others who have examined the two 
 
 plants, suspect that the African one may be a mere variety. 
 
256 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The number of parts of the flowers, although usually different in 
 he two, is expressly stated by Jussieu not to be so constant 
 in C. Guianensis as to warrant the making use of it as a specific 
 distiction, still less as a generic one, as proposed by Roemer, 
 apparently without re-examination of specimens. 
 1. Khaya Senegalensis, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. \.p. 130. /. 
 
 32. — Senegal, Brunner ; Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Wood like Mahogany, and very useful for various purposes. 
 
 The Ekebergia Senegalensis is the only other West African 
 plant of this order known to me. (G. B.) 
 
 XXX. AURANTIACEiE. 
 
 1. Glycosmis ? Africana, Hook, fil.; foliolis solitariis oblongo- 
 ellipticis breviter acuminatis margine recurvis coriaceis, drupis 
 obovoideo-oblongis (abortu ?) monospermis. — St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 Specimen unicum fructiferum, formis unifoliolatis latifoliis G. 
 citrifolia: {lAmonia parviflora, Sims, L. citrifoUa, Willd. et 
 DC. non Roxb. quae Glycosmis ? citrifolia, W. et Arn. ct 
 Roem. Syn ) simile, sed baccarum forma certe diversa. Petioli 
 teretes, 3-4 lin. longi, apice articulati. Foliolum 4-6 poll, 
 longum, 2-2| poll, latum, coriaccum, nitidum, pellucido- 
 punctatum, vcnulis a costa divergentibus tenuibus crebris 
 parallelis reticulatisque. Inflorescentia omnino G. citrifolicp. 
 Flores desunt sed ex calycis vestigiis pentameri videntur. 
 Drupoi 4-5 lin. longse, stigmate subsessili disciformi coronatae, 
 pericarpio carnoso cellulis oleiferis numerosis, endocarpio 
 membranaceo ; pulpa in sicco nulla apparet. Semenvimcnm, 
 ex apicem pendulum, cavitatem implens j testa rigide mem- 
 branacea ; embryo ad hilum spectans ; cotjdedones crassa?, 
 carnosae, basi integrre, cellulis oleiferis numerosis ; radicula 
 brevissima, plumula minima. 
 1. Claussena anisata, Hook. fil. — Amyris anisata. Wild. Spec. 2. 
 p. 337.— Fagarastrum anisatum, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 
 87. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 257 
 
 The genus Amyris had already been restricted to American 
 plants by Kimth and others ; Wight and Arnott showed that 
 the Indian ones at least belonged to Avrantiacea, and chiefly 
 to Claussena. Don, however, in establishing the genus Fa- 
 garastrum for the African species, retained them among Tere- 
 binthacea, without alluding to Aurantiacea. Presl has since 
 perceived the affinity to the latter order of the South African 
 species, but -nithout comparing it either with Claussena or 
 with Willdenow^s A. anisata, (from which it is separated by 
 characters so slight as possibly not even to be specific), created a 
 new genus under the name of Myaris. Both African species, 
 C. anisata and C. infrqnalis, are very near in habit and cha- 
 racter to the C. WiUdenoivn, but differ, not only in the form 
 of the leaves and other minor points, but also in what at first 
 might appear more important, that the ovules are usually, 
 especially in C. i?iaqualis, collateral and not superposed. It 
 must be observed, however, that even in the Indian species the 
 o\Tiles are collaterally inserted, although from the form of the 
 cell they place themselves one above the other as they are 
 developped, the placenta becoming slightly elongated into an 
 umbilical cord. In C. anisata and inaqiialis, the number, form 
 and size of the cells is variable ; they arc usually small, and 
 according to that form, the ovules at the time of flowering lie 
 either more or less superposed, or absolutely side by side, 
 especially in C. inaqualis. 
 
 1. Citrus aurantium, Linn. — C. articulata, Willd. in Spreng.Syst. 
 3. p. 334 ? — Cape Palmas and Isle of S. Antonio, Vogel, (pro- 
 bably cultivated.) 
 
 The only other W. African Aurantiacea published is Citrus 
 paniculata, Schum. and Thonn., from Guinea, which, however, 
 from the character given, can scarcely be a true Citnis. — 
 (G. B.) 
 
 XXXI. OLACINEiE. 
 
 1. Heisteria parvifolia, Sm. in Bees' Cycl. v. 17; ramulis an- 
 gulatis, foliis ovatis oblongisve acuminatis coriaceis, calycis 
 fructiferi profunde lobati lobis subcordato-ovatis acutiusculis 
 
 s 
 
258 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 V. obtusis post fructus delapsos patentibus sinubus reflexis. — 
 Sierra Leone, Whitfield; Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, 
 Vogel; Senegal. 
 
 The specimen described by Sir J. Smith was a small-leaved 
 one, hence his name is not very appropriate although there do 
 not appear to be sufficient grounds for changing it. The species 
 is so closely allied to a common, although hitherto undcscribcd 
 Brasilian species,* that one is almost tempted to consider it as a 
 mere variety. The leaves are, however, usually rather smaller, 
 narrower and thinner, and the divisions of the enlarged calyx 
 not so blunt, with the sinus more rellexed. Both, however, may 
 be mere forms of H. cauliflora, Sm.f 
 
 Some specimens, in leaf only, gathered by Vogel in the woods 
 
 of Fernando Po, and stated by him to be those of a shrub 
 
 bearing a bitter fruit called Kola, of which the seeds are chewed 
 
 by the natives, are conjectured by Dr. Planchon to belong to a 
 
 new species of Heisteria, but there is no evidence to confirm 
 
 the supposition, and some remains of flower-stalks seem to show 
 
 an inflorescence very diff'erent from that of Heisteria. 
 
 1 . Strombosia ? grandifolia^ Hook. fil. ; foliis amplis obovali- v. 
 
 elliptico-oblongis acuminatis, floribus axillaribus congestis bre- 
 
 viter pedicellatis, calycis brcvissime adhserentis limbo profunde 
 
 5-fido, ovario sublibero triovulato, stigmate obsolete trilobo. — 
 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex arborescens (ex Vog.) Rami teretes, Iseves, graciles, uti 
 
 tota planta glaberrimi. Folia 5-7 poll, longa, 3-4 poll, lata, 
 
 petiolo semipollicari, apice in acumen subsemipollicave pro- 
 
 ducta, margiue integerrima v. undulato-sinuata, basi rotundata 
 
 v. cuneato-acutata, submembranacea, nitida, costa valida et 
 
 • H. Raddiana, (Benth MS.) 'ramulis subangulatis, foliis ovatis oblon- 
 gisve obtusis v. breviter acuminatis crasso-coriaceis nitidis, calycis fruc- 
 tiferi profunde lobati lobis ovato-orbicularibus obtusissimis post fructus 
 delapsos patentibus, sinubus subreflexis. — Rio Janeiro, Raddi, Gardner, 
 5379 and 5378 ? 
 
 t To this I should refer, besides Cayenne specimens, Hostmann's n. 
 194, from Surinam, and Gardner's n. 2516, 2787, and 5974, from Tropical 
 Brasil. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 259 
 
 nervis primai'iis pinnatis subtus prominulis percursa, et 
 venulis transversis creberrimis avcuato-subparallelis reticulata. 
 Nodi tloriferi axillares, flores plures parvos inconspicuos bre- 
 viter pedicellatos ferunt. PediceUi apice incrassati, carnosuli, 
 cum toro et calycis tiibo continui. Calyx minimus, subcam- 
 panulatus, tubo brevissimo fere omnino adhserente, lobis bre- 
 vibus ovatis obtusis. Petala 5, oblonga, restivatione valvata, 
 apice inflexa, basi inter se cohferentia, superne intus villosa. 
 Filament a ipetalis opposita, numero iis scqualia et alte adnata. 
 Anthera ovato-oblongfe. Ovarium crasso-carnosum apice 
 pulvinato-depressum et (pressione petalorum) 5-angulatum, 
 prope basi intus excavatum in loculos tres spurios apice 
 confluentes. Ovula 3, e parte uniloculare pendula. Stylv.'^ 
 brevissimus, apice crasse stigmatosus et obsolete trilobns. 
 Fructus non vidi. 
 
 There is little doubt, even M'ithout having seen the fruit, 
 that this plant is referable to Blume's genus, Strombosia, as 
 characterized by Gardner, although in the Ceylonese plant, and 
 probably also in the Javanese, the ovary is pentanierous, and 
 the calyx adheres rather higher up. Dr. Gardner is evidently 
 correct in his views of the affinities of the genus, although 
 we can scarcely agree with him and Blume in describing the 
 ovary as immersed in a fleshy disk. The thick fleshy mass 
 at the base of the style appears to us to be perfectly continuous 
 with, and to form part of the ovary itself, which in most Ola- 
 cinecB is very fleshy and thick compared with the ovulifei'ous 
 cavity. 
 
 Rhaphiostylis, Planch, (nov. gen.) 
 
 Flores hermaphroditi. Calyx parvus, liber, 5-partitus. Petala 
 5. Stamina totidem, iis alterna, sterilia nulla- Ovarium uni- 
 loculare, ovulis 2, hinc ab apice pendulis collateralibus. Stylus 
 excentricus, basi postice gibbus, gibbo sulcato. Fructus .... 
 Inflorescentia axillaris. — Frutices Africje tropicis glabri. Folia 
 alterna integerrima perennantia. Flores in nodos axillares 
 plures pedicellati, iis Apodytis similes. 
 
 1. Rhaphiostylis Beninensis, Planch. MSS. — Apodytes Beni- 
 
 s 2 
 
260 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 netisis, Hook. fil. in Ic. PI. t. 778. et tab. nostr. 28. — 
 Cape PalmaSj Vogel. 
 Frutex (ex Vog.) glaberrimus. Ramuli teretes v. striati. Folia 
 pctiolataj ovali- v. elliptico-oblonga, breviter et obtuse acumi- 
 nata, integerrimaj margine recurvo, basi obtuse angustata, 
 rigicle mcmbraiiacea v. subcoriacca, costa venisque paucis pri- 
 mariis validis, rete venarum tenui; 2-4 poll, longa, f-H poll, 
 lata, petiole bilineari canaliculato. Pedicelli in nodos axil- 
 lares per 10-12 aggregati, teuues, erecti, uniflori, 2-3 lin. 
 longi, ima basi minute bracteolati. Alabastra oblonga, 3 lin. 
 longa. Calyx minutus, fere ad basin 5-partitus, laciniis ovato- 
 triangularibus acutis basi leviter imbricantibus. Petala li- 
 ncaria, (teste Vog. albo-viridia), apice uncinato-inflexa, intus 
 glaberrima. Filamenta tenuissime ciliata, a basi ultra medium 
 concavo-dilatata, superne filiformia. Anthera oblongse, pol- 
 iine trigono. Ovarinm sessile, ovatum, compressum, giabrum, 
 obliquuin. Stylus cxcentricus, filiformis, incurvus, basi postice 
 dilatatus in gibbum superne sulcatum, sulco fere ad medium 
 styli obscure continue ; styli apex clavato-stigmatosus obli- 
 quus. 
 
 The characters derived from the flower are so nearly those of 
 Apodytes, that in the absence of the fruit. Dr. Hooker had 
 described it as a new species of that genus. Dr. Planchon has, 
 however, named it as a new genus, and in this I should be dis- 
 posed to agree with him, chiefly on account of the inflorescence, 
 which in Olacinece appears very constant. The character de- 
 rived from the ovary and style is also remarkable, and forms 
 a positive distinction from those of Apodytes. The fruit remains 
 unknown. 
 
 Plate XXVIII. Fig. 1. flower, before expansion ; f. 2. stamen; 
 
 /. 3. ovary and calyx ; /. 4. vertical section of the ovary ; 
 
 /. 5. transverse section of the same; f.Q. ovule, which should 
 
 have been drawn in the inverse position, as in/. 4. 
 
 A fine specimen, also in flower only, from Heudelot's Sene- 
 
 gambian collection, is considered by Dr. Planchon as a second 
 
 species, but I do not see any character to distinguish it by. 
 
 Dr. Hooker observes that in Rhnphiolepis the base of the corolla 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 261 
 
 (so called) is inserted on the apex of the pedicel, but not imme- 
 diately within the calyx, whose true nature is probably that of an 
 involucre, as suggested by Brown. 
 
 Olacinece, considering the smallness of the Order, rather 
 abound in Western Tropical Africa, there being besides the 
 above, four other species known belonging to other genera, 
 viz. : Ximenia Americana, L., common to both the New and. the 
 Old World ; Groidia celtid'ifoUa, Guill. et Perr., a Senegal plant 
 closely allied to an Abyssinian congener ; Icachia Senegalensis, 
 Juss , and another undescribed species of Icacina, gathered by 
 Heudelot in Senegambia. — (G. B.) 
 
 XXXII. VlNIFER^. 
 
 1. Cissus casia, Afz. in DC. Prod. 1. p. 628; caule glaberrimo 
 terete glauco, foliis petiolatis late cordatis obscure angulatis 
 subacutis ciliato-denticulatis super glabratis subter puberulis 
 reticulatim venosis,»pedunculis gracilibus superne pedicellis- 
 que elongatis puberulis paucifloris, floribus parvis, drupis late 
 obovatis. — Guinea, Afzelius; Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don, 
 (Countiy Grapes.) 
 
 Rami crassitie pennse oloringe, pulchre glauci. Folia 5 unc. 
 longa, super pube fulva sub lente subtilissime couspersa, 
 luride viridi-fusca, subter pube tenui grisea ornata ; petiole 
 puberulo, sub | unc. longo. Cirrhi validi, bi-multifidi. Pe- 
 dimculus 2-pollicaris, di- trichotomus, gracilis, pedicellis 5 
 unc. longis, floribus triplo longioribus; alabastris breviter 
 cylindraceis, obtusis ; petalis 4, solutis. 
 
 This differs from C. rufescens in the longer and more slender 
 pedvmclcs, in the fewer, smaller and less crowded flowers, and 
 in the glaucous stems. The nerves of the leaf are not rufescent 
 in any of Vogel's specimens : those of Don's Herb, are between 
 the Senegalese and Dr. Vogel's in this character. 
 
 2. Cissus argute, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, caule subgracili ob- 
 scure tetragono basi subpolygono, foliis sublonge petiolatis 
 ovatis acuininatis basi profunde cordatis argute serratis den- 
 tibus erectis, stipulis late ovatis, cirrhis gracilibus, pedun- 
 
262 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 culis petiolo subsequilongis plerisque trichotomis puberulis, 
 
 cymis subumbellatis S-lO-floiis. — Oii the Quorra^ at Ibu, 
 
 Vogel. 
 /8. Foliis paulo majoribus magis angustatis, floribus.majoribus, 
 
 petalis nou cohpcrentibus. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 Rami fusco-virides, crassitie pennse anserinte. Folia utrinque 
 
 glaberrima, siccitate rugulosa et crispata, 2-3 unc. (in /3. 4 unc.) 
 
 longa; 2\ lata^ basi profunda cordata, pleraquc late ovata, 
 
 abrupte acuminata^ superiora angustiora; petiolo |-| longit. 
 
 folii. Stipules late ovatse. Pedunculi subgraciles, puberuli ; 
 
 ramis pediccllisque pube fiilva tectis. Calyx cyathiformis ; 
 
 margine integro. Petala 1 lin. longa, apice cohserentia v. 
 
 soluta ; stamina basi glandulis aucta. 
 
 Easily to be recognized by the crisp, smooth, and sharply- 
 toothed leaves. 
 
 3. Cissus uvifera, Afz.? DC. Prod. 1. }?. 028; glaberrima, 
 caule valido obscure tetragono, foliis sublonge petiolatis co- 
 riaceis late ovatis acuminatis basi obtuse cordatis retusisve 
 remote serratis subter nervosis, cirrhis validis, baccis longe 
 pedicellatis globosis 1-locularibus 1-spermis, petalis 4 apice 
 cohserentibus. — An C. populnea, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 
 134 ? — Sierra Leone and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Caules validi, diam. pennse olorinse, 4-goni v. obscure polygoni, 
 angulis siccitate nunc tubcrculatis, striatis sulcatisve. Folia 
 3-5 unc. longa, 2-3^ lata, basi truncata v. cordata, sinu la- 
 tissimo ; petiolo i-2-pollicari subpeltatini affixo. Cym(B pau- 
 ciflorfC ? ramis puberulis; pedicellis ^-uncialibus. 
 Specimens very imperfect, and differing from the descriptions 
 
 of C. uvifera in the leaves not being entire. 
 
 4. Cissus pctiolata, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, caule suberoso ob- 
 tuse tetragono striato glabcrrimo, foliis longissime petiolatis 
 pallide viridibus subeoriaccis opacis late ovatis obtusis basi 
 5-nerviis latissime cordatis obscure sinuato-denticulatis, pe- 
 dunculis ramisque cyma? elongatis diehotomis paucifloris, stylo 
 elongato, baccis majusculis oblongis.— Aguapim, Vogel. 
 
 Caules siccitate pallide flavi, fragiles, suberosi, striati, ranudique 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 263 
 
 profunde 4-sulcati, angulis obtusis. Folia 3-4 unc. longa, 
 ovata^ lobis basi rotundatis, utrinque fusco-viridia, opaca, 
 nervis non pvomiuulis ; petiolo foliis longiore^ gracili ; sti- 
 pulis caducis. Racemi petiolo subsequilongi, trichotome ra- 
 mosi ; rauiis glabeiTimis, gracilibus, fructiferis divaricatis. 
 Bacccs paucse, virides, 4 unc. longse. 
 
 A most distinct species^ though in an imperfect state. It is 
 alHed to an Abyssinian plant^ and also to the Cape C. fragilis, 
 E. Mey., but the remarkable length of the petioles and pedicels 
 will at once distinguish this. 
 
 5. Cissus jyroc?wc/«, Afz. ? DC. Prod. 1. jj. 629 — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 Folia integra, lauceolata, acuminata, obscure serrata, glaberrima, 
 basi rotundata, baccis obovatis. 
 Specimens too imperfect for determination. 
 
 6. Cissus glaucophylla, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto ? glaberrimo 
 tereti Iffivi subglauco, foliis longe petiolatis late ovatis acumi- 
 natis profunde cordatis lobis rotundatis integerrimis v. sinuato- 
 dentatis coriaceis super Isevibus aduitis coeruleo-glaucis, 
 nervis subter prominulis obscure puberiilis, stipulis late ovato- 
 rotundatis, cirrhis nullis, paniculis terminalibus triphotomis 
 multifloris, petalis 4 cohserentibus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Ramuli obsciu'e 4-goni. Folia late ovato-cordata v. suborbi- 
 culata, subpeltatim petiolata, 3-5 unc. longa, 2-3^ lata, in 
 acumen elongatum producta, super Irevia, juniora atro-fusca, 
 senioi'a pulchre glauca, subter castauea, opaca ; petiolo folio 
 breviore. Racemi 2-3-unciales, compositi, subcymosi, multi- 
 fiori, pedicellis ramisque puberulis. Flores umbellati, parvi, 
 1 lin. longi. Calyx cyathiformis, depressus. Petala 4, ca- 
 lyptratim cohserentia, basi calyce latiora. Stamina 4. Stylus 
 gracilis, breviusculus. 
 
 7. Cissus tetraptera, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, ramis crassis car- 
 nosis tetrapteris ad nodos constrictis striatis, foliis breve 
 petiolatis late reniformi-rotundatis profunde cordatis 5 -lobis 
 carnosis utrinque sub lente (e rhaphidibus perplurimis) cre- 
 berrime punctato-striatis subargute serratis, cirrhis crassis 
 clongatis, pedunculo tcrminali brcvi apice umbellato, pedicellis 
 
264 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 elongatis, floribus niajusculis 4-petalis. — Elephant's Bay, (S. 
 of the Line), JDr. Curror. 
 Rami crassitie digiti minoris, striati, valde caniosi, tetraquetri, 
 angulis alatis, alis undulatis, pallide virides. Stipulcc trans- 
 verse elongatse, breves. Petiolus 3-4-uncialis. Folia 2 unc. 
 lata, crassa, carnosa, siccitate viridia, subtiliter reticulata, 
 subpellucida, fasciculis rhaphidium valde conspicuis. Pedun- 
 culus oppositifolius, pollicaris, striatus, \ unc. diametro, apice 
 5-radiatus. Rami f unc. longi, unibellulam sub 7-florem 
 gereutes; pedicellis 4 Im. longis. F/o?*e5 majusculi. Calyx 
 brevis. Petala breviter ovato-oblonga ; staminibus 4 ; stylo 
 cylindraceo stigmate sitnplici. 
 
 Possibly a young branch of C. Currori, but in that plant I 
 find no trace of an alate stem ; the panicle is different, as are 
 the toothed lobes of the leaves. The raphides are in both so 
 conspicuous as to cause a projection of the cuticle over the 
 crystals, and give the semblance to the whole plant of being 
 pubescent. 
 
 8. Cissus Leonensis, Hook. fil. ; caule robusto tereti puberulo 
 et setoso, foliis late orbiculatis cordatis palmatim 5-lobis super 
 pubescentibus subter rufo-lanatis, lobis ovato-oblongis acumi- 
 natis argute serratis, cirrhis multifidis, panicula vage decom- 
 posite ramosa, ramis alternis, corolla pentapetata calyptrseformi. 
 — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 CauUs herbaceus, crassus, teres, fuscus, pubescens, setisque 
 patentibus sparsis instructus. Folia 8 unc. lata, submem- 
 branacea, late cordata, supra medium lobata, super luride 
 fusca, sub lente subarachnoidea et puberula, subter lana 
 tenui rufa subappressa instructa ; nervis 5, validis, radianti- 
 bus, pubescentibus ; petiolo 4 unc. longo, pubesccnti ; stipulis 
 deciduis. Panicula brevis, pubescens, 2 unc. longus ; pedi- 
 cellis brevissimis. Flores parvi, fere lineam longi, globosi. 
 Calyx cyathiformis, margine integro submembranaceo. Pe- 
 tala breviter ovata, crassiuscula, apice arete cohserentia. Sta- 
 mina 3. Ovarium depressum, pentagonum, angulis sulcatis, 
 filamenta foventibus ; stylo brevi, conico, crasso, truncato, 
 10-sulcato, apice depresso v. subinfundibuliformi. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 265 
 
 This should probably be referred to Vitis, from the decom- 
 posed panicle^ with always alternate branches, characters which 
 would afford better characters for distinguishing these genera 
 than thos'e now in use. 
 
 9. Cissus Currori, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, foliis amplis 3-folio- 
 latis, petiolo valido, foliolis petiolulatis ovatis obtusis basi 
 cordatis grosse et obtuse subduplicato-crenatis carnosis punctis 
 prominulis (raphidibus) notatis, stipulis ovatis acutis, panicula 
 effusa, pedunculo elongato ramis dichotoniis divaricatis, flori- 
 bus majusculisj petalis 4 non cohgerentibus. — Elephant's Bay, 
 (S. of the Line), Dr. Curror. 
 
 Species omnium e sectione trifoliolata ornatissimus, arborescens, 
 ramosus, carnosus. Rami crassitie digitis majoris, profunde 
 striati, glabrati. Stipulce ramo angustiores, \ unc. longse. 
 Petiolus 3-4-uncialis, striatus. Foliola 6 une. longa, 4 lata, 
 plana, siccitate pallide flavo-viridia, pellucida, basi cordata, 
 sinu angusto, petiolulo folioli intcrmedii fere unciali. Pedun- 
 culi axillares v. terminales, 3-4 unc. longi, erecti, stricti, 
 petiolo graciliores, dichotome ramosi ; ramis divaricatis, pluries 
 divisis ; pedicellis brevibus ci'assis. Cirrhi nulli ? Flores 
 4 unc. longi. Calyx parvus, cyathiformis. Corolla calyce latior; 
 petalis breviter ovato-oblongis, obtusis. Stamina 4 ? Ova- 
 rium depressum, latum, 4-gonum, profunde 4-sulcatum, 
 stylo valido, subelongato, stigmate simplici. Bacca junior 
 ovoidea. 
 A noble species, to which I have attached the name of its 
 
 lamented discoverer. It is described by him as a much branched 
 
 and very succulent tree. 
 
 10. Cissus Tbuensis, Hook. fil. ; parce pubescens, caule gracili te- 
 reti obscure angulato apice subtomentoso, foliis breve petiolatis 
 3-foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatis elliptico-ovatis ovato-lanceola- 
 tisve acuminatis argute serrato-dentatis utrinque sed subter 
 prsecipue puberulis, cirrhis filiformibus divisis, pedunculis 
 elongatis alterne ramosis pubescentibus, ramis pedicellisque 
 brevissimis, floribus parvis, petalis 4 apice dcmum liberis, 
 obovatis. — Ibu and Nun River, Vogcl. 
 
 Species gracilis, scandens. Caules crassitie pennae corvinse. 
 
266 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 pube teuui superne deusiore sparsa. Stipul(B parvee, ovatae. 
 Petiolus uncialis. Foliola patula^ intermedio paulo longiore, 
 H-2 unc. longa, |-| lata, basi rotuudata, utrinque fusca, 
 opaca, petiolulo \-^ unc. longo. Pedunculus 2-4:-uncialis, 
 tenuis, ramis alternis divaricatis. Calyx breviter cyatbiformis. 
 Petala 4, ovata, apice non coba^rentia. Stamina 4. Stylus 
 brevissimus. 
 
 Inflorescence imperfect in tbese specimens. Closely allied to 
 Vitis carnosa, Wall., but tbe wbole plant is less hairy. 
 
 11. Cissus tenuicaulis, Hook. fil. ; caule gracili striate parce 
 piloso, foliis longe petiolatis 5-foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatis in- 
 termedio majore lateralibus geminis lanceolatis acuminatis 
 basi rotuudatis grosse serratis membranaceis utrinque pilosis, 
 cirrhis elongatis gracillimis, racemis folio sequilongis, fruc- 
 tiferis dicbotome ramosis, ovario disco carnoso immerso, 
 baccis late pyriformibus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis crassitie pennse passerinse, glabratus v. superne precipue 
 parce pilosus, obscure striatus. Stijjula late ovatae, obtusse. 
 Petiolus gracilis, glaberrimis, 2-pollicaris. Foliola l|-2 unc. 
 longa, super fusco-viridia, subter pallidiora, utrinque pilis 
 albidis sparsa, petiolulo subhispido-pubescente. Flores mi- 
 nimi. Calyx breviter cyatbiformis. Petala 4, apice cobse- 
 rentia. Stamina 4. Discus urceolaris. Stylus crassus, brevis ; 
 stigmate capitato. Baccce sub 3-liu. longse. 
 Except in the pubescent leaves, this hardly differs from 
 
 C. Japonica. It is also very near the E. Indian C. capreolata, 
 
 which is hoAvever a densely pubescent plant. 
 
 12. Cissus membranacea, Ilook. fil. ; glaberrima, flaccida, caule 
 gracillimo tereti striato, foliis petiolatis trifoliolatis, foliolis 
 petiolulatis lateralibus longioribus ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve 
 acuminatis basi valde insequalibus serrato-dentatis membra- 
 naceis, cirrhis gracillimis, pedunculis trichotomis paucifloris 
 fructiferis elongatis petiole sequilongis, floribus minimis. — 
 Among Voxel's plants, without the precise station. 
 
 Caulis diametr. pennse passerinse. Petioli 2-3 unc. longi ; sti- 
 pulis parvis, membranaceis, late ovatis, obtusis. Foliola 2-3 
 unc. longa, 1-1^ lata, subpellucida, summa obscure puberula. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 267 
 
 iutermedio plerumqiie basi obtuso v. in petiolulura augustato, 
 lateralibus geminis basi valde insequalibus, latere exteriore 
 deorsum angustato, interiore rotundato, v. in lobvim producto; 
 petiolulo intermedio elongate, nunc pollicari. Flores ut in 
 C. tenuicauli. 
 
 The oblique bases of the more regularly and conspicuously 
 serrated leaflets, and smaller flowering panicle, will at once dis- 
 tinguish this from the C. Japonicus. 
 
 13. Cissus Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; setoso-pubescens, caule her- 
 baceo tereti crassiusculo profunde striato, stipulis orbiculari- 
 ovatis acuminatis, petiolis pubescentibus elongatis 5-foliolatis, 
 foliolis obovato-lanceolatis in petiolulum angustatis acuminatis 
 dentatis membranaceis super glaberrimis subter ad nervos 
 prsecipue pubescentibus, panicula efi'usa axillari ampla alterne 
 et dichotome ramosa, ramis niultifloris, floribus pedicellatis 
 cylindraceis pubescentibus, petalis linearibus apice fornicatis 
 dorso setis glanduloso-capitatis ornatis. — Fernando Po, on 
 the sea shore, Vogel. 
 Caules prostrati, ramosissimi, sarmentosi. Rami herbacei, 
 pallide flavi, profunde sulcati, pubescentes et setis sparsis 
 ornati. Stipula niajusculse, late ovato-rotundatse, acumi- 
 natse. Petioli 4-6 unc. longi, graciles, pubescentes. Fo- 
 liola omnia plana, 2-3 unc. longa, 1-1 1 lata, basi in 
 petiolulum \ unc. longum pubescentem angustata, super 
 glabrata v. glaberrima, subter puberula, nervis discoloribus 
 rufo-pubescentibus. Panicula composita 6-8 unc. lata ; pe- 
 dunculo stricto 4 unc. longo, pubescente, setoso et striato, ad 
 axillas bracteolato, bracteolis oblongis ligulatisve, pedicellis 
 insequilongis. Calyx breviter cyathiformis, pubescens, sub 
 4-lobus. Petala erocta, pubescentia, linearia. Ovarium ob- 
 longum, profunde 4-sulcatum ; stylo elongato ; stigmate sim- 
 plici. 
 
 In the unusual form of the flower this is related to the 
 C. cymosa, but the stipitate glands, or glandular haii's of the 
 petals, form a prominent and beautiful diagnostic character, and 
 the whole plant is much less pubescent. 
 
268 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 It is allied to the Abyssinian C. mollis, Steud , but the 
 leaflets are smaller and more delicate^ less pubescent and 
 broader; the stipules smaller; panicles much larger^ and of a 
 different form. All these three species have the four or five 
 glands of the disc firmly cohei'ing with the ovarium, which thus 
 appears deeply 4-grooved. 
 14. Cissus cymosa, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 82. — Guinea, 
 
 Thonning ; Accra, Vogel. 
 Flores clavati. Petala 4>, erecta, apice fornicata, cucullata, 
 
 dorso gibboso-incrassata, pubescentia. 
 
 The predominance of this genus in Western Africa is highly 
 indicative of its humid atmosj^herc and jungly coast. Four 
 other species are described as inhabiting the same country : 
 C. rufescens, Guill. et Perr., of Senegambia (very closely 
 allied to C. casia) ; C. quadrangularis, Wall. (C. triandrus, 
 Schum.), a plant also common to Arabia and the continent of 
 India; C. gracilis, Guill. et Perr., and C. bifida, Schum. et 
 Thonn. 
 1. Leea Guineensis, Don. — Sierra Leone, Cape Palmas, St. 
 
 Thomas, and Fernando Po, Vogel, Don. 
 
 XXXIII. CoCHLOSPERME.E.* 
 
 1. Cochlospermum PlancJioni, Ilook. fil. ; caulc subarbore- 
 scente, raniis puberulis striatis foliosis, ramulis petiolis foliis- 
 que subter subvelutino-tomentosis, foliis late orbiculari-reni- 
 formibus profunde cordatis 5-lobis, lobis rotimdatis obtusis 
 
 * See Lond. Journ. Bot. 6, p. 294, where Dr. Planchon has, 
 with great sagacity, pointed out the affinities of Cochlospermum and 
 Amoreuxia, and I perfectly agree with him in their separation from 
 TenistroemiacecE, although I cannot subscribe to all his speculations on 
 the grouping of this and several of the following Orders. Their real 
 relative positions appear to me to be far from being, as yet, satisfactorily 
 ascertained, I therefore leave them, for the present, nearly in the order in 
 which De Candolle had placed them, however Convinced I am that 
 several of the smaller groups might be advantageously united as tribes 
 of larger Orders. — (G. B.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 269 
 
 obscure sinuato-dentatis, floribus in ramulos ultimos axillari- 
 bus, sepalis 5 insequalibus rotundatis pubescentibus 2 ex- 
 terioribus minoribus. — Quorra Eiver, in savannahs^ Vogel. 
 Arbuscitla 6-pedalis. Rami crassitie pennse olorinse, pube grisea. 
 Petioli |-1 unc. longi. Folia coriacea, 2^-3 unc. longa, 
 3-4 lata, super atro-fasca, (siccitate) nitida, subter pube densa 
 grisea; venis primariis palmatim radiatis, venulis obscuris. 
 Alahastra \ unc. longa. Flores lutei. 
 
 This and the C. tinctorium, A. Rich., are the only W. Afri- 
 can species known to me. 
 
 XXXIV. Geraniace.^. 
 
 Though S. Africa may be considered as the head-quarters of 
 Geraniaceae, and the N. shores of the same continent are not 
 deficient in species, yet one species only exists within the Tropic, 
 the Monsunia Senegalensis, Guill. et Perr. 
 
 XXXV. OXALIDE^. 
 
 1. Biophytum sensitivum, D.C. Prod. 1, p. 690. — On the 
 
 Quorra at Attah, Vogel. 
 
 An abundant E. and W. Indian plant. 
 
 It is remarkable that no species of Oxalis, not even the else- 
 where ubiquitous 0. corniculata, or O. stricta, appears to be 
 found on the West Intertropical African coast. 
 
 A species, apparently of Averrhoa, is in the Hookerian Her- 
 bariau , collected in Senegambia by Heudelot. 
 
 XXXVI. Zygophylle^e. 
 
 1. Kallstroemia minor, Hook. fil. ; subsericeo-pilosa pube- 
 sccnsve, foliolis 3-jugis oblique ovato-oblongis obtusis v. 
 mucronulatis, pedicellis petiolo brevioribus, floribus parvis, 
 coccis dorso muricatis ] -locularibus 1-spermis. — Tribulus 
 pubescens, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1, p. 669. — Cape Coast, 
 Don, Vogel. 
 
 A. Tribulo cistoidi differt capsula lO-cocca, a Kallstroemia 
 maxima statura, foliolisque paucijugis. 
 
270 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 1 have separated this from K. maxima, on the grounds of its 
 constantly smaller size, and the few leaflets. 
 1. Tribulus cistoides, Linn. — Sierra Leone? Don. 
 
 This is one of the very few plants common to the West 
 Indies and Pacific Islands, being found in Oahu. It varies 
 much in the size of the fruit, which in these AV. African speci- 
 mens is particularly large. 
 
 The D'ibulus terrestris is a native both of Senegal and 
 Guinea. 
 1. Zygophyllum simplex, Linn. — Benguela, Dr. Curror. 
 
 A plant common to the shores of the Red Sea, the banks of 
 the Nile, and the Cape de Verd Islands, but not that I am 
 aware of to any other part of the W. coast of Africa, except 
 Benguela. 
 
 Fagonia Arabica, a native of Arabia, as well as of N. Eastern 
 Africa, is also a Senegal plant. 
 1. Balanites Mgyptiaca,^ Del. Fl. Mg. p. 77, t. 28,/. 1. — 
 
 Senegal, Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 Also a native of Abyssinia, and a variety of it, by some 
 considered as a distinct species, extends to the dry plains of 
 Bengal. 
 
 XXXVII. Zanthoxvle.t:. 
 
 1. Zanthoxylum ruhescens. Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; ramis 
 aculeatis, foholis circa 11 suboppositis ovali-oblongis longe 
 acuminatis basi acutis crebre pellucido-punctatis petiolo acu- 
 leato supra canaliculato, floribus diclinis, masculis paniculatis 
 parvis tetrameris. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex orgyalis, ramidis rubentibus, aculeis validis conicis recte 
 reflexis v. recurvis. Foliorum petiolus 8-9-pollicaris, Foliola 
 2-3 poll, longa, pollicem lata, glabra, membranacea. Pani- 
 cula ampla, bis terve racemoso-ramosa, ebracteata. Flores in 
 
 * Brown removes Balanites from Zygophyllem, but as I am not aware 
 that he has published his ^aews of its real affinities, and as, at any rate, 
 it is in some measure related to Zygophyllea, I have left it here at the end 
 of the Order.— (G. B.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 271 
 
 specimine omnes abortu masculi, parvi, albidi, per 2-3 e 
 
 tiiberculis secus ramos sessilibus v. pedunculatis orti, pedi- 
 
 cello lineam longo fulti. Sepala 4, minima, orbiculata. 
 
 Petala 4, ovato-oblonga, lineam longa. Stamina 4, petalis 
 
 subsequilonga. Ovarii rudimentum carnosum. 
 
 This agrees in so many respects with the description given in 
 
 the Flora Senegambise of the Z. Leprieurii, which is drawn up 
 
 from imperfect female plants, that our plant might be taken for 
 
 the male of the same species, were it not that the number of 
 
 parts of the flower appear to be constantly quaternary, not 
 
 quinary. 
 
 2. Zanthoxylum ? a very bad specimen, affording no materials 
 to distinguish it from the American Z. pterota. — Cape Pal- 
 mas, AnselL 
 
 The Z. Senegalensis, D.C., and the above-mentioned Z. Le- 
 prieurii, Guill. et Perr., both from Senegal, are the" only other 
 W. African species known ; the Z. polygamum of Schum. and 
 Thonn. being probably the same as the Z. Senegalensis. 
 
 XXXVIII. SlMARUBE^. 
 
 1. Brucea paniculata, Lam. Did. 1, p. 472. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don. 
 
 The only other W. African species of this Order known, is 
 the Hannoa undulata, Planch. {Simaba ? undulata, Guill. et 
 Perr.) from Senegal. 
 
 XXXIX. OCHNACE^. 
 
 1. Ochna dubia, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. \. p. 137. t. 35. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Another W. African Ochna has been published, the O. mul- 
 tijiora, DC, fi'om Sierra Leone. 
 1. Gomphia glaberrima, Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 22. 
 
 t. 71. — Oware, Beauvois ; Sierra Leone, Whitfield, Don. 
 
 The slender panicles, and smaller, broad, nearly globose 
 carpels, are the best characteristics of this species. The nei-ves. 
 
272 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 which are defined on the leaf, form a more or less oblique angle 
 with the costa. 
 
 2. Gomphia reticulata, Pal. Bcauv. /. c. t. 72. — Benin, Beau- 
 vuis ; Sierra Leone, Forbes, Vogel. 
 
 It is not easy to distinguish this from G. glaberrima, without 
 the flowers. The whole plant is more robust, much darker in 
 colour when dry, the leaves have stronger and better defined 
 nerves, forming a right-angle with the costa. The foliage 
 varies much in breadth, and is more or less (but never sharply) 
 serrated. Judging from the buds, the flowers are smaller. 
 Panicles simple or branched in both. Neither Bcauvois' 
 figures or descriptions assure me that these two are the plants 
 he describes, nor that the latter are distinct from one another. 
 
 3. Gomphia Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acu- 
 minatis basi in petiolum brevem angustatis obscure sinuato- 
 dentatis coriaceis utrinque lucidis venis e costa ascendenti- 
 bus, panicula robusta ramis infimis elongatis ascendentibus, 
 calycc fructifero majusculo, carpellis 3-4 globosis calyce in- 
 clusis lobis dimidio brevioribus. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex ramosus. Rami teretes ; cortice pallide brunneo. Folia 
 4-6 unc. longa, 1^-2 lata, siccitate utrinque pallide flavo- 
 brunnea, costa valida; venis primariis ^-| unc. distantibus, 
 prominulis; venulis creberrimis, parallelis. Panicula 3 unc. 
 longa ; pediccllis calyce sequilongis longioribusve. Calyx 
 fructifer majusculus ; lobis non reflexis, suberectis, sub- 
 coriaceis, fere ^ unc. longis. Carpella maguitudine grani 
 piperis. 
 
 This I distinguish from G. reticulata by its more coria- 
 ceous leaves, remote ascending veins, which run obliquely, and 
 are united by venules of extreme tenuity and regularity. 
 The much larger, broader, calycine segments distinguish it 
 from G. glaberrima. 
 
 4. Gomphia/ara, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 216. (fide Planch.) 
 — G. macrocarpa, Hook. fil. MSS. Planch, in Lond. Journ. 
 Bat. V. 6, p. 2 ; foliis anguste elliptico-oblongis acuminatis 
 in petiolum angustatis argute serratis coriaceis planis reticu- 
 latim vcnosis, venis primariis subremotis ascendentibus pani- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 273 
 
 Cilia basi ramosa, carpellis calyce reflexo longioribiis teretibus 
 utviuque obtusis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Rami teretes. Folia subnitida, 6-pollicaria, 2 unc. lata, super 
 fusco-viridia, subter jiallidiora, utrinque reticulatim venosa; 
 veuis e eosta ascendentibus, deinde margine parallelis, re- 
 motis, \i\ prominulis ; venulis transversis conspicuis reti- 
 culata; supra basin ad apiceui serrata; petiolo \\ unc. longo. 
 Panicula terminalis ; florifera 4 unc. longa ; fructifera elou- 
 gata; pedicellis \-^ unc, loiigis. Calycis lobi pedicellum 
 fequantes v. breviores, post anthesin reflexi. Carpella 1-3, 
 ^ unc. longa, teretia, breviter cylindracea, utrinque rotun- 
 data. 
 
 Readily to be distinguished by tbe sharply serrated leaves, 
 which are very coriaceous, and especially by the large cylin- 
 drical carpels. The veins and venules are not distant from one 
 another, as in the following, the former ascend from the costa, 
 and on approaching the margin run parallel to it for a conside- 
 rable distance. 
 
 5. Gomphia Turnercs, Hook, til.; foliis elliptico-oblongis v. 
 anguste lineari-lanceolatis in apicem longe acuminatis et in 
 petiolum angustatis, valde coriaceis, obscure crenatis integer- 
 rimisve, utrinque lucidis Ifevibus, venis inconspicuis, pani- 
 cula elongata ramosa, ramis patentibus gracilibus, floribus 
 ternis subfasciculatisve, pedicellis calyci fequilongis. — Sierra 
 Leone, Miss Turner, Don, Vogel. 
 Rami teretes, subgraciles ; cortice pallido. Folia elongata, 
 utrinque fusco-castanea v. viridia, nitida, subter pallidiora, 4-6 
 unc. longa, lj-2 lata, in petiolum \ unc. longum angustata, 
 apice in acumen gracile producta ; costa valida ; venis pri- 
 mariis subremotis, ascendentibus ; venulis valde inconspicuis ; 
 folia juniora margine obscure crenulata. Panicula 6-8 unc. 
 longa, ramis elongatis gracilibus. Flores bini, terni v. sub- 
 fasciculati, nutantes, | unc. lati ; pedicello \-^ unc. longo. 
 Petala late obovata, orbiculata, subunguiculata, intense 
 lutea. 
 
 The flowers of this plant entirely resemble those figured by 
 Beauvois as G. reticulata, from which the compound panicle, 
 
 T 
 
274 FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 
 
 very narrow, coriaceous, and plane (never undulate) leaves, at 
 once distinguish the present species. 
 
 6. Goniphia calophylla, Hook. til. ; foliis obovato-lanceolatis 
 basi gradatim angustatis, abrupte acuminatis rarius apice 
 angustatis marginibus undulatis venis parallelis confertissi- 
 mis creberrime striatis subnitidis, racemo laterali foliis sub- 
 sequilongo v. breviore, pedunculo compresso v. ancipiti, pedi- 
 cellis gracilibus, laciniis calycinis post anthesin patulis, car- 
 pellis subglobosis. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel j Cape Coast 
 and Fernando Po, Vcf/el. 
 Rami teretes ; cortice cinereo, raniulis compressis. Folia 5-7 
 unc. longa 14-2^ lata, basi ad petiolum brevem cuneata, 
 deinde gradatim dilatata, apicem versus rotundata v. angus- 
 tata et acuminata, margine undulata v. subcrispato-incras- 
 sata, venis transversis perplurimis parallelis ; stipulis brevi- 
 bus, ovato-triangularibus. Racemi basi nndi, supra medium 
 densiflori ; pedunculo compresso ancipiti ; pedicellis solitariis 
 binis ternisve gracilibus \ unc. longis. Cahjcis laciniae post 
 anthesin patentes, lineari-oblongse. Carpella parva, globosa, 
 laciniis calycinis breviora. 
 
 A very handsome species, of which the flower is unknown to 
 me. The nervation of the foliage exactly resembles that of 
 Elvasia Hostmannia, Planch. 
 
 7. Gomphia offinis, Hook. fil. ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acumi- 
 natis basi angustatis submembranaceis nitidis majoribus un- 
 dulato-crispatis integerrimis, nervis parallelis confertissimis 
 transversis, panicula terminali, ramis gracilibus augulatis, 
 pedicellis subelongatis, carpellis calyce longioribus globosis. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Rami teretes ; cortice pallido subrugoso striato. Folia apices 
 versus ramulorum, 3-4 unc. longa, 1-1 1 lata, submembra- 
 nacea, utrinque nitida. Panicula 2-3 unc. longa ; ramis 
 strictis paucifloris gracilibus ; pedicellis fructiferis § unc. 
 longis, gradatim incrassatis. Calycis lacinise parvse, pedi- 
 cellis ^ breviores. 
 
 Allied to the G. calophylla in the nervation of the leaves, 
 which are, however, smaller, more membranous and glossy, and 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 275 
 
 narrower above the middle. The inflorescence, too, is pa- 
 niculate, not I'acemose, the peduncle angular and not so 
 compressed, the calycine segments smaller, and the carpels 
 larger. 
 
 XL. Rhamne^. 
 
 1. Zizyphus Baclei, DC. Prod. 2. p. 20. — Guill. et Perr. 
 
 FI. Seneg. t. 37. — Attah and Quorra, Vogel; Senegal. 
 
 Z. orthacantha, DC, which is possibly a variety of Z.jujuba, 
 is a native of Senegambia. The true Z. jujuba is found at 
 Mozambique, and thence eastward through the Peninsula of 
 India to the Indian Archipelago. 
 1. Ventilago denticulata, Willd., DC. Prod. 2. p. 38. — V. ma- 
 
 deraspatana /3, W. et Am. Prod. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1. p. 
 
 164. — Celastrus difFusus, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 6. — 
 
 St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The disc of the flower is smooth, or only very slightly hairy, 
 in other respects I am unable to distinguish these specimens 
 from some of the forms from the Indian Peninsula. I have not, 
 however, seen the fruit. 
 
 XLI. Chailletiacee.* 
 
 1. Chailletia toxicaria, Don, DC. Prod. 2. p. 57; folus petio- 
 latis ovato-oblongis v. oblongo-sublanceolatis obtuse acumi- 
 natis basi acutis rotundatisve subcoriaceis glabris, cymulis 
 contractis raro foliiferis in pedunculo axillari vix ramoso 
 solitariis paucisve, petalis bifidis, stylo breviter trifido, drupis 
 canescentibus. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel ; and, apparently 
 the same species, Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Frutex dumosus, inflorescentia partibusque novellis canescenti- 
 bus, cseterum glaber. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, sa?pe obliqua, 
 acumine brevi obtuso v. retuso, margine ssepius undulata, 
 
 * By G. Bentham. 
 
 T 2 
 
276 FLORA NTGRITIANA. 
 
 adulta utrinque glabra, supra opaca, subtus siccitate sub- 
 rubentia, ad axillas veuaruin foveolata, reticulato-vennlosa, 
 petiolo crassiusculo 3-4 lin. lougo fulta. Stipula minutee, 
 caducse. Pedunculi in axillis superioribus solitarii, nunc 
 breves cymulam unicam ferentes, nunc 1-3-pollicares, cymulis 
 pluribus scssilibus v. breviter pedicellatis, uudis v. bractea 
 foliacea fultis ; cymula infinia ssepe ex ima basi pedunculi 
 orta ; omnes in glomerulum contractje v. rarius leviter evo- 
 lutse, cano-tomentospe. Pedicelli florentes vix lineam longi, 
 fructiferi longiores, incrassati. Sepala 5, ovata, extus tomen- 
 tosa, fere 1^ lin. longa, a^stivatione imbricata. Petala ob- 
 longo-linearia, calyce pauUo longiora, apicc breviter bifida, 
 extus pubcrula, intus glabra et linea elevata a sinu loborum 
 decurrente carinata. Stamina petalis aquilonga. Squamoe 
 hj^iogynfe petalis opposita;, breves, emarginatse, tomentosfe, 
 inter se liberie sed continuee. Ovarium dense tomeutosum, 
 conicuin, triloculare. Styli glabri fere ad apicem coaliti v. 
 rarius demuni ad medium soluti. Ovula in loculis gemina. 
 Drupa ovoidea v. subglobosa, pollicem longa, obtusa v. acu- 
 minata, extus tomentosa, abortu monosperma v. rarius dis- 
 pernia. 
 
 One of G. Don's Sierra Leone specimens has narrower leaves, 
 and may possibly be the plant described by D. Don under the 
 name of C ere.cta. If so, it would appear not to be specifi- 
 cally distinct from C. toancaria. The form of the fruit is very 
 variable in the dry specimens, owing perhaps to its being 
 gathered at different stages of maturity. 
 
 2. Chailletia affinis, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis longiuscule 
 petiolatis ovali-ellipticis obovatisve obtuse acuminatis basi 
 acutis rotundatisve subcoriaceis glabris, cymis laxiusculis 
 in pedunculo axillari libero v. petiolo adnato solitariis paucisve, 
 drupa glabrata. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Closely resembling C. toxicaria in the colour, venation and 
 consistence of the leaves ; it appears, however, to differ in the 
 longer petioles, broader leaves ; looser infiorcscence and smooth 
 fruits, and from some remains of petals and stamens, the flowers 
 appear to have been larger. There are, however, neither per- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 277 
 
 feet flowers nor mature fruits to admit of determining whether 
 it be really specifically distinct, or a mere variety of C. toxi- 
 caria, 
 
 3. Chailletia snbcordata, Hook. lil. ; foliis breviter petiolatis 
 late-ovatis vix acuminatis basi subcordatis glabris v. ad costas 
 puberulis, cymis in pedimculo brevi axillari libero solitariis 
 multifloris, ramulis evolutis, petalis profunde bifidis, stylo 
 breviter trifido. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex raraosus, orgyalis et altior, ramulis tomentellis. Folia 
 3-4 poll, longa, 2|-3 poll, lata, nunc obtusissima, nunc 
 acumine brevi acutiusculo terminata, margine integerrima v. 
 obsolete sinuata, basi late rotundata obtusissima v. ad petiolum 
 ssepius cordato-emarginata, novella tomentella, adulta glabrata, 
 rigide membranacea v. subcoriacea, venis primariis subtus 
 puberulis, axillis venarum baud foveolatis, sed glandulse ad- 
 sunt scutelliformes hinc inde per paginam inferiorem sparsse. 
 Petioli 2 lin. longi. Stipulce angustse, acut?e, petiolo bre- 
 viores. Pedunculi petiolo longiores. Cymce juniores densse, 
 mox dichotome evolutse, ramulis vulgo 4 demum semipolli- 
 caribus. Pedicelli vix semilineam longi, bracteola parva sub- 
 tensi, sub flore articulati et infra articulationem post flores 
 delapsos persistant. Flores ut videtur exsiccatione cadusis- 
 simi, alabastra juniora tantum in speciminibus super sunt, 
 globosa, tomentosa, vix lineam diametro. His sepala sesti- 
 vatione imbricata ; petala brevia, lata et fere bipartita ; ova- 
 rium et stylus C. toxicaria. 
 
 4. Chailletia oblonga, Hook. fil. ; foliis petiolatis oblongis acu- 
 minatis basi acutis ramulisque glabris, cymis laxis in pedun- 
 culo brevi libero axillaribus v. terminalibus subpaniculatis, 
 pedicellis calyce sublongioribus, sepalis lanceolatis, petalis 
 calyce dimidio longioribus stamina s\ibfequantibus, stylo elon- 
 gato apice breviter bifido, drupa obovali-oblonga tomentosa. 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 Arbor, ranmlis tenuibus foliisque glabris v. novellis vix to- 
 mentellis. Folia ramulorum florentium 2-3 poll, longa, 1-1 i 
 poll, lata ; inferiora tamen et ramorum sterilium duplo ma- 
 
278 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 jora ; etiaui iu sicco viventia, apice in acuuieu breve latum 
 producta, basi acuta, petiolo 1-2-lineari fulta; foveolaj paginse 
 inferioris omnino deesse videntur. Stipula minutse. Cymee 
 leviter tomentellre, graciles et laxe dichotomjx^j folio tatpen multo 
 breviores. Bructece minuta? v. obsolette. Pedicelli 2-2\ liu. 
 longi, supra medium articulati. Sepala augusta, 1| lin. longa, 
 extus tomentosa, sestivatioue valde irabricata. Petala glabra, 
 anguste linearia, fere 3 lin. longa, ad duas tertias integra, 
 dein biloba, lobis vix divergentibus, sinu acuto intus carinato- 
 prominente. Stamina petalis Adx longiora. Glandulce b\q3o- 
 gynse basi brcvissime connatse. Ovarium breve, tomentosum, 
 biloculare. Stylus staminibus longior, glaber v. basi leviter 
 pubescens, apice brevitcr bitidus. Drupa ultrapoUicaris, 
 fulvo-tomentosa, ssepins bilocularis, disperma. Seminis testa 
 membranacea ; cotyledoues crassse, carnosrc ; radicula supera, 
 brevissima. 
 
 5. Chailletia^oWZ»imf/«, Planch, in Hook. Ic. t. 792. (Tab. XXX); 
 ramulis cinereo-tomentellis, foliis petiolatis amplis ovali- 
 oblongis basi acutis glabris, cymis amplis multifloris in pe- 
 dunculo brevi libcro axillaribus, pedicellis brcvissimis, sepalis 
 oblongis, petalis calyce plus dimidio longioribus quam stamina 
 brevioribus, stylo elongato apice bveviter bifldo, drupa obo- 
 voidea tomeutosa. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Ramuli tomcuto diu persistente ciucrei, crassiores ac iu prsece- 
 dente. Folia 6-9 poll, longa, 2^-4 poll, lata, acumine obtuso 
 v. acuto interdum brevissimo, margine integerrima v. obsolete 
 sinuata, siccitate fusco-rubentia, ad costas pilis raris puberula, 
 cseterum glabernma, petiolo 4-6 liu. longo fulta. Stipulce 
 parvjE, decidupe. Cyma pluries dichotomse, usque ad 3 poll, dia- 
 metro, nuuc pedunculo ima basi bifido geminae videntur, nunc 
 peduuculo communi bren fult?e. Bracteofa minutte. Pedicelli 
 vix semiliueares, articulati. Sepala linea paullo longiora, obtu- 
 siuscula, extus tomcntosa, distincte imbricata. Petala et geni- 
 talia C. oblonga, sed stamina longiora. Drupa etiam pariter 
 dense tomentosa sed latior et brevior, maturam tamen non vidi. 
 
 Plate XXX. F/</. 1. flower; /. 2. petal, with the hypogynous 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 279 
 
 scale opposed to it ; this scale is however represented too 
 
 narrow at the base^ and too evidently connected with the 
 
 petal; /. 3. anther, back view : all magnified. 
 
 The Rhamnus imniculatus, Schura. et Thonn. ; which De Can- 
 dolle had, wdthout examination, referred doubtfully to Ceanothus, 
 under the name of C? Guineensis, (Prod. 2. p. 30), is evidently, 
 from Thonning's detailed description since published, a Chail- 
 letia nearly allied to C. toxicaria, and if really a distinct species, 
 should receive the name of C. paniculata. A seventh species, as 
 yet unpublished, is among Heudelot's Senegambian plants, which 
 gives to Tropical Africa nearly half the total number of species 
 now known of this small Order, whose affinities with Hippo- 
 ci'ateaceae and Celustrineae become more and more evident as 
 the species are better known. The valvate calyx, mentioned 
 among the distinctive characters by Lindley (Veg. Kmgd. 
 p. 583), is a mistake ; all the species known to me have it 
 imbricated in aestivation, as originally described by De Candolle ; 
 so much so, that one division of the calyx is usually entirely 
 concealed by the others in the bud. The characteristic disc of 
 Celastrinea, which in Hippocrateacece is united with the fila- 
 ments in a fleshy mass, is represented among Chailletiacece by 
 the hypogynous glands, which are sometimes slightly connected, 
 so as to form a real disc, only difl'ering from that of several 
 Celastrinea by being more deeply lobed. The three groups 
 might indeed be considered, without inconvenience, as three 
 tribes of one natural Order. — (G. B.) 
 
 XLII. HlPPOCRATBACE^. 
 
 1. Hippocratea rotundifolia, Hook, til.; caule tereti scandente? 
 cortice Isevi, foliis petiolatis late oblongis rotundatisve obtusis 
 V. subacuminatis rugosis utrinque reticulatis coriaceis, pani- 
 culis axillaribus terminalibusque dichotouiis ramis erectis 
 elongatis, petalis rotundatis concavis, disco depresso concavo, 
 antheris 4-lobatis extrorsum dehiscentibus. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 Rami cortice griseo-fusco la3vi tecti. Folia opposita, 4-5 unc. 
 
280 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 longa, 34-4^ lata, margine undulata, pallide flavo-viridia, 
 utrinque opaca, consimilia ; venis prominulis reticulata, ru- 
 gulosa, subcoriacea. Panicula folio longior; ramis strictis, 
 ad axillas compressis, gracilibus. Flores lutei. 
 Very near a West Indian species common to Demerara and 
 St. Vincents, but the leaves are much broader, not marked with 
 raised dots, more rugulose and opaque on the upper surface. 
 
 There are five other W. African species of this genus, viz. : 
 H. Richardiana, Guill. et Perr., from Senegal ; H. Indica, 
 Willd., common to Senegambia, the East Indies, and probaby 
 Madagascar; H. paniculata, Vahl, ranging from Sierra Leone 
 to Senegal ; H. macrojihylla, Vahl, from Sierra Leone ; and H. 
 velutina, Afz., from Guinea. 
 
 1. Salacia prinoides, DC. Prod. \. p. 571; ramis teretibus 
 sparse pustulatis, ramulis comprcssis, foliis (inferioribus sub- 
 oppositis) petiolatis valde coriaceis late ellipticis utrinque 
 obtusis integerrimis v. obscure sinuato-dentatis opacis super 
 luridc virescentibus subter pallidioribus nervis divaricatis, 
 pedicellis axillaribus solitariis paucisve aggregatis petiolo sequi- 
 longis, lobis calycinis brevibus obtusis, petalis late oblongis 
 obtusis, disco elevato, filamentis ovario sequilongis, antheris 
 sub-urceolatis. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 Frutex ? glaberriuuis. Rami cortice atro-castaneo Isevi obscure 
 pustulato tccti. Folia 3-4 unc. longa, l|-2 lata, suprema 
 opposita, inferiora approximata, sed vere alterna, super vix 
 nitida, subter pallidiora, vcnis inconspicuis reticulata ; petiolo 
 } unc. longo. Pedicelli validi, erecti, 1-llori, infra tlorcm in- 
 ci-assati. Flo?'es flavo-virides, j unc. diametr. Calycis lobi 
 lati, coriacei, orbiculati. Petala calyce ter longiora, obtusa, 
 fusco-striata. Discus erectus, subclongatus. Filamenta com- 
 pressa, ligulata, recurva ; antheris rubris, tilamento bis 
 latioribus, tran verse elongatis, 1-locularibus, rima lata superne 
 hiantibus. 
 
 I am unable to distinguish this from the Salacia prinoides of 
 Malacca, but have given a detailed description of the African 
 specimens, with which more copious ones of the Indian species 
 than I have had access to, should be com})ared. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 281 
 
 2. Salacia Senegalensis, DC. Prod. 1. p. 570. — Sierra Leone 
 and Accra, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 Specimens of a similar Senegambian plant, collected by 
 Brunner, are possibly a different species. 
 
 3. Salacia affinis, Hook. fil. ; ramis teretibus, cortice pallide 
 rufo verrucis 4-lobis pallidis dense consperso, foliis sub- 
 oppositis alternisque petiolatis elliptico-oblongis acuminatis 
 basi angustatis subiutegerrimis coriaceis super luridis sub- 
 nitidis, subter pallidioribus, venis reticulatis, pedicellis axillari- 
 bus fascicnlatis unifloris gracilibus petiolum superantibus, ala- 
 bastris cylindraceis, lobis calycinis late rotundatis, petalis late 
 oblongis obtusis apicibus incurvis, disco conico, filamentis 
 planis elongatis. — Sierra Leone, Wliitfield. 
 
 Rami diametro pennse corvinse. Cortex pallide ruber, undique 
 
 verrucis parvis flavo-fuscis 4-sectis sparsa. Folia 3 unc. 
 
 longa, 1^ lata, versus apicem obscure serrata ; petiolo \ unc. 
 
 longo. Flores axillis in superioribus perplurimi, \ unc. lati, 
 
 pedicellis fere ^ uncialibus. 
 
 Very closely allied to S. Senegalensis, but the leaves are very 
 obscurely serrated, the flowers larger, petals broader, and the 
 warts on the stem larger and more numerous. 
 
 4. Salacia cornifolia, Hook. fil. ; ramis teretibus, cortice griseo 
 verruculato, ramulis Isevibus glaberrimis, foliis oppositis petio- 
 latis ellipticis utrinque angustatis apice obtusis rarius ellip- 
 tico-lanceolatis longe acuminatis coriaceis super nitidis subter 
 pallidioribus reticulatis margine tenuiter recurvo obscure 
 sinuato-serrato, pedicellis 2-3 axillaribus validis 1-floris pe- 
 tiolo longioribus, alabastris globosis, disco depresso annulari, 
 filamentis brevissimis, antheris rima hippocrepiformi extror- 
 sum hiantibus vix 2-locularibiis, baccis pai'vis pyriformibus 3- 
 locularibus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Rami sparse verruculati ; ramulis oppositis, patentibus, com- 
 pressis. Folia 3-4 unc. longa, 1^ lata, forma varia, utrinque 
 angustata, apice plerumqne obtusa, petiolo ^ unc. longo. 
 Flores j unc. diam. ; pedicellis ^ pollicaribus, superne incras- 
 satis. Stamina fere ut in Hvppocratea, sed rima vere dorsalis. 
 
282 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Fructus ^ unc. longus, obscure trigonuSj siccitate fusco- 
 
 viridis. 
 
 In the structure of the flower^ the depressed disc^ short 
 filaments, and especially in the apparently all but 1 -celled 
 anthers, this approaches Hippoo'atea, from which genus, how- 
 ever, the inflorescence and fruit remove it. 
 
 5. Salacia joyri/brmis, Walp. Rep. \. p. 402; ramis prsecipuead 
 petiolura compressis, cortice atro-fusco Isev'i, foliis petiola- 
 tis oppositis alternisque subcoriaceis oblongis utrinque rotun- 
 datis nimc subacuminatis plerumque integerrimis super niti- 
 dis subter pallidioribus opacis reticulatis, pedicellis plurimis 
 axillaribus 1-floris petiolo jequilongis, alabastris globosis, 
 fructu pyriformi obtuse trigono. — Calj^so pyriformis, G. 
 Don in Gard. Diet. \. p. 629. — Mountains of Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Senegambia. 
 
 Frutex scandens ?. Rami elongati, teretes. Folia 4-5 unc. 
 longa, 2-2 i lata, siccitate super fusca, nitida, subter palli- 
 diora, subfcrruginea ; venis divaricatis ; petiolo ^-g unc. 
 longo. Flores \ unc. diametro, petalis oblongis obtusis, disco 
 conico, filamentis basi latissimis. Fruetus (lid. Don) mag- 
 nitudine Pyri " Bergaraot" dicti, edulis. 
 This is one of the few edible fruits of Western Africa, of which 
 
 an account, drawn iip by Sabine, appears in the Hort. Soc. Trans. 
 
 v. 5. p. 459. under the name of Tonsella pyriformis. 
 
 6. Salacia elomjata, Hook. fil. ; ramis validis obscure tubercu- 
 latis V. granulatis, ramulis la^vibus ad axillas foliorum com- 
 pressis, foliis petiolatis oblongo-obovatis elongatis basi an- 
 gustatis apicc rotundatis v. subacuminatis obscure sinuato- 
 serratis integerrimisve super nitidis subter pallidioribus opacis 
 coriaceis, pedunculis axillaribus fructiferis petiolo longiori- 
 bus. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Exemplar miserrimum, priori affine, differt foliis magis coriaceis 
 angustioribus basi non rotundatis, venisque foliorum multo 
 minus a costa media divcrgcntibus. Alabastra globosa. 
 This is evidently a distinct species from the former, although 
 it appears to have been confounded with it in Don's Herba- 
 rium. 
 
FLORA MIGRITIANA. 283 
 
 7. Salacia erecta, Walp.^ Rep. 1, p. 402 ; ramis tevetibus 
 superne subangulatis, cortice subgranulato, ramulis com- 
 pressis angulatis, foliis oppositis breve petiolatis ellipticis 
 elliptico-lanceolatisve utviuque angustatis regulariter serratis 
 super subnitidis, pedicellis axillaribus, fructu ovato-cordato 
 obtuse trigone. — Calypso erecta, G. Don, Gard. Diet. \. p. 
 629. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Fnitex babitu Theds viridis. Folia 2^ unc. longa, 1 lata, sub- 
 coriacea, basi angustata, sed in petiolum non desinentia, 
 apiceni versus obtuse acuminata^ super Isevia, subter venis 
 prominulis reticulata. Fructus | unc. longus. 
 Specimens ratber imperfect. 
 
 8. Salacia debilis, Walp. Rep. 1. p. 402; caule tereti striate 
 l8e\d, foliis breve petiolatis subcoriaceis ovalibus v. elliptico- 
 oblongis utrinque subangustatis vix acutis obscure serratis, 
 floribus parvis axillaribus fasciculatis, pedicellis gracillimis 
 erectis.' — Calypso debilis, G. Don, Gard. Diet. \. p. 629. — 
 Senegambia, Heudelot ; Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Rami cortice fusco tecti. Folia ssepius elliptica, 2-2 1 unc. 
 longa, \-\\ lata, super Isevia, subnitida, subter pallidiora, 
 venis prominulis reticulata. Pedicelli \-\ unc. longi, fili- 
 formes, stricti, erecti, uniflores. Flares patentes, 1 lin. lati. 
 Lobi calycini rotundati, ciliati. Petala patula, lineari-ob- 
 longa, obtusa. Stamina 3 ; filamentis brevissimis ; antberis 
 late subreniformibus, emarginatis, transverse dehiscentibus, 
 unilocularibus. 
 Easily to be recognized by tbe small tiower and very slender 
 
 pedicels. The babit is that of an Elaodendron. 
 
 9. Salacia ? rufescens. Hook. fil. ; ramis teretibus l^evibus striatis, 
 ramulis creberrime flavo-punctatis, foliis breve petiolatis sub- 
 membranaceis elliptico-oblongis v. oblongo-lanceolatis utrin- 
 que angustatis obtusis siccitate subcrispatis rufescentibus 
 sinuato-dentatis, pedicellis solitariis binisve axillaribus 1-floris 
 petiolum superantibus, alabastris globosis, lobis calycinis 
 petalisque ? rotundatis, antberis transverse elongatis. — Sierra 
 Leone, Voyel. 
 
 Rami cortice fusco tccti. Folia patiila, 2-3 unc. longa, 1-1 1 
 
284 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 lata, in apicem obtusum angustata, basi iu petiolum 1-2 lin. 
 
 longum desinentia, opaca, subter pallidiora ; venis incon- 
 
 spicuis. Pedicelli | unc. longi. Flores 1^ lin. lati. Caly- 
 
 cis lobi concavi, late rotundati. Petala brevissime unguicu- 
 
 lata. Discus ampins, planns. Stamina filamentis brevissimis ; 
 
 antheris transversee longatis, cylindraceis ; polline trigono. 
 
 The solitary specimen differs very much from any other 
 
 species, though wanting any more striking character than 
 
 the rufescent colour. Having seen no fruit, the genus is 
 
 perhaps doubtful. The form of the anther is nearly that of 
 
 Hippocratea, but the inflorescence is very different. 
 
 The only other described West African Salacia, the S. Afri- 
 carta, DC. {Tonsella, Willd.) from Guinea, may possibly be the 
 same as some one of the preceding species. 
 
 XLIII. Celastrine^.* 
 
 1. Celastrus (Catha) Setiegalensis, Lam. DC. Prod. 2. p. 8. — 
 
 On the Gambia, Don ; Senegal. 
 
 The C. coriaceus, Guill. et Perr,, also from Senegal, and 
 the C. lancifolius, Schum, et Thonn., from Guinea, are the 
 only other W. Tropical African species, and belong likewise to 
 the section or genus Catha, well distinguished in most cases 
 from the true Celastri by the axillary inflorescence, short style 
 and thin incomplete arillus, although the numerous South 
 African species have not yet been sufiiciently examined to ascer- 
 tain the real value of these characters. Prcsl has farther sepa- 
 rated some species to form his two genera Encentrus and Poly- 
 acanthus, to the former of which the C. coriaceus might be 
 referred, wi're the chief character, the two-celled ovary and 
 capsule, constant, but though the number of cells be indeed 
 generally two, I have occasionally found three. So again, in 
 Polyacanthus stenophyllus, neither the supposed quaternary 
 parts of the flower, nor the unilocular capsule are by any means 
 constant in one and the same individual, and both genera must 
 
 * By G. Bentham. 
 
FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 285 
 
 necessarily be reunited with Catha, whether the latter be retained 
 as a separate genus or as a section of Celastrus. — (G. B.) 
 
 XLIV. Terebinthace^.* 
 
 1. Canarium ? edule, Hook. fil. — Pachylobus edulis, G. Don, 
 
 Gard. Diet. 2. p. 89.— St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The fruit described by Don, on which he founded the genus 
 Pachylobus, does not appear to differ from that of Canarium ; 
 and the foliage, of which alone there is a specimen, is very like 
 that of some species of that genus. It differs from that of 
 C. commune in the midrib of the leaflets being hispid under- 
 neath. The flower is unknown. 
 
 The only other W. Tropical African plant known of the tribe 
 of Bursere<B is the Balsamodendron Africanum, Arn., {Heude- 
 lotia, A. Rich.) from Senegal. 
 
 1. Spondias lutea, Linn. — S. aurantiaca, Schum. et Thonn. 
 Beskr. p. 225 ? — Sierra Leone, cultivated, Vogel. 
 
 2. Spondias dubia, A. Rich. Fl. Seneg. \.p. 153. — Grand Bassa, 
 Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don ; Senegal, Sieber. 
 
 3. Spondias ? Zanzee, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 79. — Fer- 
 nando Po ? Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 This species, and another from Senegambia closely allied to it, 
 {S. microcarpa, A. Rich,), difi'er from Spondias in their poly- 
 gamous and tetramerous flowers, with the petals much more 
 decidedly imbricate, and when better known will probably be 
 found to form with Harpophyllum caffrum, Bernh. (or Spondias 
 caffra^ Meissn.), a distinct section of Spondias, or possibly a good 
 separate genus. The specimens of S. Zanzee are very imperfect, 
 and insufficient to afibrd any decided character to distinguish it 
 from S. caffra ; the young fruit is like that of the true Spondias, 
 but small. 
 
 Another W. African species, Spondias Birrea, A. Rich., fi-om 
 Senegal and Abyssinia, has since been established as a distinct 
 genus by Hochstetter, under the name of Sclerocarga. 
 
 * By G. Bentham. 
 
286 FLORA. NIGRITIANA. 
 
 1. Odina Oghigee, Hook, lil Spondias Oghigee, G. Don, Gard. 
 
 Diet. 2. p. 79. — Sierra Leoue, Don ; Grand Bassa, Vogel, who 
 states that the bark is converted into powder by the natives 
 and mixed with other snbstances to form a paint for the face. 
 This species appears to be so very near to the East Indian 
 
 0. Wodier, that the imperfect specimens of the collection 
 afford no positive character to distinguish it. They are perhaps 
 more pei'fectly glabrous than the East Indian ones, and the 
 leaflets rather less numerous. The ovary is, as in O. Wodier, 
 unilocular, with one ovule suspended from the top of the cavity, 
 and is crowned by four short styles, each of which is truncated 
 and apparently stigmatic at the apex. 
 
 There are two other W. African species, O. acida and O. velu- 
 tina, both from Senegal, and published by A. Richard, under 
 the new generic name of Lannea, but since correctly referred to 
 Odina by Endlicher. 
 
 1. Sorindeia heterophylla, Hook. fil. ; foliis simplicibus pinnatisve 
 foliolisque oblongis coriaceis glabris, venulis anastomosanti- 
 bus convergentibus in vcnulas spurias versus axillas venarum 
 reversas, paniculis axillaribus laxis, floribus masculis 10-15- 
 andris. — Sapindus simplicifolius, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 
 666. — Sierra Leone, Don, 
 
 Habitus, glabritics, inflorescentia et florcs masculi onniino S. 
 Madagascariensis ; flores focminei et fructus dcsunt. Foliola 
 speciminis alterius omnia simplicia, infcriora 8 poll, longa, 4 
 poll, lata, petiolo ultrapollicari, superiora 3 poll, longa, 2 poll, 
 lata, petiolo 3-4-lineari ; omnia brevissime et obtuse acumi- 
 nata, basi acutiuscula et a?qualia, nisi folio infimo maximo cui 
 basis hinc valde dilatatur; paniculce in axillis superioribus 
 folio multo longiorcs, pauciflorfe. In speciminibus ceteris 
 pariter florifcris folia onniia pinnata; his foliola 3-7, foliis 
 simplicibus similia sed ssepius angustiora et basi plus minus 
 inffiqualia. Calyces ut in S. Madagascariensi breves, bre- 
 vissime 5-dentati. Petala 4, sestivatione valvata. Stamina 
 10-15, disco planiusciilo inordinate inserta, pleraque tamen 
 marginalia. 
 The singular venation of the leaflets and leaves of this plant, 
 
FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 287 
 
 may be traced in a slight degree, and very irregularly, in the 
 leaflets of the Sorindeia Madagascariensis, and more distinctly 
 in the simple leaves of a species from Penang (Wallich, n. 8505) 
 and Malacca (Grifiith) apparently referable to the same genus, 
 as well as in the Dupuisia juglandifolia mentioned below, but 
 not in any other terebinthaceous plant I am acquainted with. 
 
 A species of Sorindeia, from Congo, is alluded to by Brown, 
 and has been named S. Africana by De Candolle, but being as 
 yet undescribed, I have no means of judging whether it be 
 different from the above S. heterophylla or not. 
 1. Dupuisia? longifolia, Hook. fil. ; foliolis 15-18 anguste ob- 
 longis coriaceis glabris supra glaucis subtus elevato-penni- 
 nervibus rete venularum inconspicua, panicula mascula ampla 
 floribunda ferrugineo-tomentella, disco staminifero rufo-hirto. 
 — Sierra Leone, on the borders of marshes, Vogel. 
 Arbor excelsa. Foliorum petiolus cum rhachi bipedalis et longior. 
 Foliola 6-8 poll, longa, 1^-2 poll, lata, inferiora sublanceo- 
 lata, basi rotundato-cuneata, apice breviter acuminata; ul- 
 tima subfequaliter oblonga basi longe acutata ; omnia subtus 
 siccitate leviter rubro-fusca; petioluli breves, crassi. Pani- 
 culce semipedales ad pedales, e ramis ortre ad axillas foliorum 
 delapsorum, pyramidato-ramosissinife, tcmento minuto ferru- 
 ginese. Flores in specimine omnes masculi, brevissime pedi- 
 cellati, subfasciculati, ebracteati, uutantes, duplo fere majores 
 iis Sorindeice Madagascariensis, Calyces breves, lati, ferru- 
 ginei, dentibus 5 brevibus distantibus. Petala \\ lin. 
 longa, crassa, glabra, jestivatione valvata, per antliesin pa- 
 tentia. Discus planiusculus dense hirsutus. Stamina 5, 
 petalis breviora ; antherse filamento longiores. 
 The original species, Diqmisia juglandifolia, A. Rich., from 
 Senegal, diflers from the above by its broader leaflets, of a 
 thinner texture, with the venation of Sorindeia, by its smaller 
 flowers and smoother panicle, &c. Both are evidently nearly 
 allied to Sorindeia, and satisfactory specimens are wanting to 
 ascertain with certainty whether the two genera ought or not 
 to be united. In the mean time the number of the stamens. 
 
288 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 equal to that of the petals, not double that or more, will serve 
 to characterize Dupuisia. 
 
 1. Anacardiuin occidentale^ Linn. — St. Thomas, Don; Fer- 
 nando Po, Vogel. 
 
 The remaining Terebinthaceee mentioned as inhabiting W. 
 Tropical Africa are the Rhus villosa, Linn., a Cape plant inserted 
 in the Flora Senegambise as found at Cape Verd, and a species 
 of Anaphrenkim, E. Mey., or Heeria, Meissn., from Senegal, 
 distributed amongst Sieber's plants under the name of Vitex 
 terna. It appears to be identical with a Cape plant occurring 
 in some old collections, as well as in Drege's, and since pub- 
 lished by Bernhardi, under the name of Anaphrenium nmcro- 
 natum, and by Presl under that of Rhus salicifolia ; it is also 
 scarcely distinct from the Abyssinian Anaphrenium Abyssini- 
 cum, Hochst., or Ozoroa insignis, Delile, (G. B.) 
 
 XLV. CONNARACE^.* 
 
 There has been considerable confusion in the circumscription 
 of the genera of this small Order, owing to De Candolle^s having 
 overlooked the fact that Ga^rtncr's Omphalobium was founded 
 on the fruit of Linnjeus' Connarus monocarpus, the original 
 species of both genera being evidently one and the same plant, 
 Gaertner's name must consequently be entirely suppressed, and 
 the chief character of the three genera, so well defined by 
 Brown, and which still include the whole Order, would stand 
 thus : 
 
 \. Connarus. Calyx imbricatus. Ovarium et stylus 1 (ra- 
 rissime 2 ?). Ovula sutura ventrali affixa. Capsula stipi- 
 tata. Semen cxalbuminosum. — Omphalobium, Gaertn. 
 
 2. Rourea.f Calyx imbricatus. Ovaria et styli 5, Ovula e 
 
 • By G. Bentham. 
 
 t Wight and Arnott, taking the same view of the limitation of the 
 genera, have (Pro Jr. 1. p. 143) by mistake described the calyx of Con- 
 narus monocarpus as glabrous, which has misled others as to the identity 
 of this typical species. The calyx is clothed with a short rusty down in 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 289 
 
 l)asi ovarii erecta. Capsulse (abortu sa;pe solitarise) sessiles. 
 
 Semen exalbuminosum. — Connarus, DC. ; Byrsocarpus, 
 
 Schum. et Thonn. ; Anisostemon, Turczan. 
 3. Cnestis. Calyx valvatus. Ovaria et styli 5. Ovula e basi 
 
 ovarii erecta. Capsulse (abortu ssepe solitarise) sessiles. Semen 
 
 albuminosum. 
 
 Since Brown published his observations in his celebrated 
 Appendix to Tuckey's Congo^ as little has been added to our 
 knowledge of the affinities of the Order as to that of the genera 
 themselves. Their intimate connection with Averrhoa and the 
 Oxalklece on the one hand, and with Copaifera and allied 
 Leguminoscs on the other, so clearly pointed out by him, has 
 only been further confirmed. Planchon has indeed proposed 
 the uniting Oxalidece, Connaraceas and Leguminosoi into one 
 group, or even Order, but for this there appear to be no better 
 grounds than there would be for uniting Rubiacea with So'O- 
 phularineee, Gentianea and Apocyneis, on account of the inter- 
 mediate Loganiacece. Arnott, and latterly Lindley, in order to 
 obviate the anomaly of placing an Order where the stamens are 
 almost always very distinctly hypogynous, in a group of pro- 
 fessedly perigynous Orders, have removed Connaracece from 
 their usual place next to Leguminoscs to the neighboui-hood of 
 Oxalidea and Zanthoxylece. That may be their best situation, 
 but as the real distinction between h}^ogynous and perigynous 
 insertion of the stamens, important as it usually is, is not yet 
 correctly understood, and as in this respect LeguminoscB them- 
 selves are variable, I have preferred leaving Connaraceae in their 
 old place. Several species, both of Rourea and of Cnestis, have 
 very evident stipules ; almost all Legumknosm of the tribe of 
 CynometrecB have the flowers nearly or quite as regular as in 
 Connaracea ; and in Copaifera, besides the arillus, we may 
 observe the radicle at a considerable distance from the hilum on 
 the back of the seed near its base, although not so far as in 
 Connarus, where it is also on the back of the seed, but near its 
 summit. 
 
 this as well as in the greater number of true Connari, as mentioned by 
 •' -'nnceus in his generic character. 
 
 U 
 
290 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 1. Connarus Africanus, Lam. Diet. 2. p. 95, — Omphalobiuni 
 Africanuni, DC. Prod. 2. p. 85. — Sierra Leone, Do/i. 
 Two other W. African species of Connarus have been pub- 
 lished : C. floribundus, Schum, ct Thoun. {Omphalohium Thon- 
 nin(/ii, DC.) from Guinea, and O. Smeathnianni,' DC, from 
 Sierra Leone. 
 
 1, Rourea coccinea, Hook. fil. ; glabra, foliolis 7-11 (parvis) 
 oblique ovali-ellipticis orbiculatisvc obtussissimis retusisvc 
 membranaceis v. demum coriaceis reticulars, cymis laxe 3-5- 
 floris, staminibus stylos duplo superantibus. — Byrsocarpus 
 coccinea, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 226. — Cape Palmas, 
 Accra and on the Quorra, Vogel; Seneganibia, Heudelot ; 
 Guinea, Thonning. 
 
 The leaflets vary much in number, breadth and consistence, 
 but these differences appear to depend much on age and on the 
 vigour of the shoots ; they seldom attain an inch in length. 
 Small stipules may often be observed on the young sterile shoots. 
 The flowers are precisely those of the true Rourea, the stamens 
 most decidedly hypogynous, the ovaries hairy, the pod smooth, 
 of a bright scarlet when fresh, and straighter than in most 
 Roureee, but not otherwise difiering from the generic type. 
 
 Schumacher and Thonning describe a second species of 
 Rourea from Guinea, under the name of Byrsocarpus punicea, 
 and Omphalohium villosum, DC. from Sierra Leone and Sene- 
 ganibia, is a third. To the latter species may probably be 
 referred the Cnestis obliqua, Pal. dc Bcauv., from Oware. I 
 have a fourth unpublished species, gathered by Captain Middle- 
 ton at Grand Bassa, remarkable in the calyx, which is only very 
 shortly divided into five imbricately a;stivatcd lobes, or rather 
 teeth, and in the stamens less distinctly hypogynous, although 
 in 'the absence of fruit it cannot be gcnerically distinguished 
 from Rourea. 
 1. Cnestis corniculata, Lam. Diet. 2. p. 23? — Grand Bassa, 
 
 Vogel. 
 Frutex, ex Vog., arborescens. Ramuli et foliorum juniorum 
 petioli communes ferrngineo-villosi, demum glabrati ct verru- 
 culosi. Stipuhe parvjc, rigida?, acutissima. Foliola 7-9, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 291 
 
 ovata V. ovato-lanceolata, acuminata^ basi rotuudata, 1-1^- 
 poUicaria, coriacea, venulosa, juuiora ad costam subtus hir- 
 suta, adulta glabrata. Panicula floriferse laxse, graciles, foliis 
 lougiores. Bractece ad ramificationes setacese^ villosse. Pedi- 
 celli ultimi 2-3 lin. longi, capillares, infra medium articulati. 
 Calyx lineam longus, sepalis lanceolatis acutis sestivatione val- 
 " vatisj extus pallide roseis. Petala calyci a^quilonga, lanceo- 
 lata, extus puberula, alba. Stamina hypogyna, basi vix con- 
 nata, calyee breviora^ alterna alternis breviora. Carpella 5, 
 sessilia, pubescentia, in stylos breves desinentia. Ovula 2, a 
 basi ovarii erecta. 
 
 The other W. Tropical African species of Cnestis are C.fer- 
 ruginea, DC, from Sierra Leone, and C.pinnata, Pal. de Beauv., 
 from Oware : Brown mentions also several new species as being 
 contained in C. Smithes Congo collection. — (G. B.) 
 
 XLVI. LEGUMlNOSiE.* 
 
 1. Crotalaria genistifolia, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. /j. 335 ; 
 Benth. Enum. Leg. in Loud. Journ. Bot. 2. p. 479. — Gu.inea, 
 Isert ; Accra, Vogel. 
 
 2. Crotalaria Vogelii, Benth. /. c. p. 561. — On the Quorra, at 
 Stirling, Vogel. 
 
 3. Crotalaria ononoides, Benth. /. c. p. 572. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 4. Crotalaria ochroleuca, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 138 ; erecta ? 
 ramis virgatis vamulis petiolisque tenuiter subsericeo-pilosis, 
 stipulis minutis, foliolis elongatis lineari-lanceolatis supra 
 glabris subtus appresso-pubei'ulis, racemis terminalibus sub- 
 elongatis plurifloris, calycis dentibus tubo subtriplo brcviori- 
 bus, vexillo late elliptico acuminato, carinse rostro falcato, 
 leguraine subsessili oblongo polyspermo. — St, Thomas, Don. 
 
 Habitu, statura et magnitudine florum C. brevidenti, Benth., 
 simillima, differt vexillo acuminato, carina falcata et legumine 
 majore, ampliore. 
 \n habit and foliage this species may also be compared with 
 
 C. lanceolata, E. Mey., from South Africa, which however has 
 
 * By J. D. Hooker and G. Bentham. 
 
292 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 inucli siiiallcr floweri! ; the acuminated standard is like that of 
 C. macrocurpa. There is also a C. pallida, Ait., from "Africa," 
 whicli is only known by a very short phrase, as applicable to 
 this as to several other species. 
 
 5. Crotalaria /tf/ca^a, Vahl, Benth. I. c. p. 585. — C.obovata, G. 
 Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 138. — Bassa Cove, Ansell ; Cape 
 Palmas and Cape Coast, Vugel ; Aecra^ Don. 
 
 6. Crotalaria 6'/?7a/a, DC, Benth. I. c. p. 586. — Senegal, Per- 
 rottet ; St. Thomas, Don. This is found in many parts of 
 Africa, South Asia, and in the West Indies, but in some of 
 the stations whence it has been sent it is probably cultivated 
 or introduced. 
 
 7. Crotalaria incana, Linn., Benth. I. c. p. 587. — Senegal, Per- 
 rottet ; Sierra Leone, Don. — An American species perhaps 
 introduced only to the Old World. 
 
 8. Crotalaria Goreensis, Gudl. et Perr., Benth. I. c. p. 589. — 
 Senegal, Perrottet ; Gambia, Captain Boteler, Heudelot ; 
 Accra, Thonning, Don, Vogel. Also a native of Upper Egypt. 
 
 9. Crotalaria lotifolia, Liun. DC. Prod. 2. p. 134.— Cape Coast, 
 Vogel. — A West Indian species, from which VogeFs imperfect 
 specimen does not appear to differ. 
 
 10. Crotalaria, sp. n. ? allied to some of the S. American shrubby 
 trifoliolate species, but the specimen is insufficient for deter- 
 mination. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 This is, next to Indigofera, one of the most numerous dicoty- 
 ledoneous genera in W. Tropical Africa, as besides the above 
 ten, no less than sixteen other species are known to inhabit that 
 region, viz.: 1. C. arenaria, Benth. 2. C. glauca, Willd. 3. C. 
 Leprieurii, Guill. et Perr. 4. C. calycina, Schranck, (a common 
 S. Asiatic species.) 5. C. Perrottctii, DC. 6. C. gracilis, Walp. 
 7. C. ebenoides, Walp. 8. C. iodina, Benth. 9. C. niacrocahjx, 
 Benth. 10. An unpublished species from Senegambia allied to 
 C. medicaginea, ham. 11. C. sp/i(e7'ocajya,Vcrrot. 12. C. jwly- 
 carpa, Benth. 13. C. Senegalensis, Bade, (also found in Nubia). 
 14. C. lathyroides, Guill. et Perr. 15. C. podocarpa, DC. (also 
 found in Cordofan), and 16. C cylindrocarpa, DC. 
 
 One species of Lupirais, L. tennis, Fursk., is cited in thr 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 293 
 
 • 
 
 Flora Senogambise, besides which the only other W, African 
 s})ccies known of the tribe of Genistece, is the Xerocarpus hir- 
 sutus, Guill. et Perr., from Senegal and Cordofan. 
 
 Of the tribe of Trifo/iea, no species has as yet to my know- 
 ledge been found in W. Tropical Africa, although a few^ have 
 been gathered in the eastern portion of that continent within 
 the Tropics as well as in North and South Africa. 
 
 AcANTHONOTUS, Bcuth. IncUgofercB sp., Auct. Char. gen. ref. 
 
 Calyx profunde quinquefidus, laciniis lanceolato-subulatis. Pe- 
 tala breve unguiculata, inter se calycique a^quilonga ; vexillum 
 obovatum, aire lineari-oblongre liberre, carina recta, edentula, 
 segmentis fere a basi connatis. Stamina diadelpha, antherre 
 late didym?e, connectivo in acumen producto basi dorso piloso. 
 Ovarium breviter stipitatum, lineare, obliquum, in stylum va- 
 lidum uncinatum productum. Stigma subsimplex. Legumen 
 indehiscens, falcatum, latiusculum, compvessum, echinatum, 
 hispido-setosum, dorso bicarinatum. Semen solitarium. 
 1. Acanthonotus echinatus, Benth. — Indigofera echinata, Willd. 
 et Auct. — Senegambia, Heudelot ; on the Quorra, at Attah, 
 Vogel. 
 
 A widely distributed plant, common to West Africa, Ceylon, 
 and the Peninsula of India. The leaves vary much in form, 
 from broadly obovate and very blunt, to oblong and rather 
 acute at both extremities, or elliptical ; all these forms may be 
 seen in the W. African specimens, although the Indian ones are 
 rather more constantly obovate. 
 
 1. Indigofera bracteolata, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. \. p. 176. 
 — Senegambia; on the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 2. Indigofera enneapliylla, Linn.— S. Thomas, Don ; Cape Palmas 
 and Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 3. Indigofera sp. very near /. tetrasperma, Vahl, and I.panicu- 
 lata, Perr., but possibly distinct. There is only a single 
 specimen in Vogel's collection without any precise locality. 
 
 - It appears to be an erect annual, four or live feet high, nuich 
 branched in the uj)per part, the upper leaves arc simple and 
 like those of /. tetrasperma, but the lower leaves are w^anting, 
 
294 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 « 
 
 and there is no fruit, so that it cannot be accurately de- 
 scribed. 
 
 4. Indigofcra Nigritana, Hook. fil. ; caule tereti crecto ramoso, 
 ramulis gracilibus glabratis, stipulis lineari-subulatis, foliolis 
 lineari-obovatis subacutis strigillosis, caulinis 2-3-jugis, rameis 
 ultimis floralibusque simplicibus, pedicellis axillaribus filifor- 
 niibus unitloris, calycis strigosi 5-partiti laciniis lanceolato- 
 subulatis subsequalibus, vexillo obi on go calyce bis longiore, 
 ovario biovulato, legumine appresse piloso breviter oblongo 
 compresso dispermo. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis herbaceus, 2-3-pedalis, superne pyramidatim ramosus, 
 ramulis strictis sulcatis, ultimis filiformibus. Petioli graciles, 
 ^-J poll, longi. Foliola ramea 3 lin. longa, floralia minora, 
 ultima bracteseformia. Pedunculi 5-f poll, longi, apicecurvati 
 V. geniculati. Flores \\ lin. longi. Calyx glandulosus. Legu- 
 men fere 2 lin. longum, atrofuscum, seminibus suborbiculatis. 
 
 5. Indigofera endecaphylla, Jacq. DC. Prod. 2. p. 228, — I. 
 anceps, Vahl, DC. /. c. — I. Schimpcriana, Hochst. PL Abyss. 
 — Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, Vogel; found also in Senegal 
 and Guinea, in Abyssinia and East Tropical Africa, southward 
 to Port Natal. 
 
 G. Indigofera simplicifolia, Lam. DC. Prod. 2. p. 222. — On the 
 Quorra, at Attah, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Smeathmann. 
 These are luxuriant specimens, above three feet high, though ap- 
 parently an annual, the stems are nearly simple, as described by 
 Lamarck, and certainly not very much branched, as appears to 
 have been the case with the specimen seen by De Candolle. 
 The larger leaves are five inches long and half an inch broad, 
 but the upper ones are scarcely above an inch and a half long 
 as stated by Lamarck. VogePs specimens are not in fruit, but 
 the ovary is long and slender, with numerous ovules. 
 
 7. Indigofera dendroides, Jacq. DC. Prod. 2. p. 227. — Savannahs 
 of the Quorra, Vogel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 8. Indigofera hirsuta, Linn. DC. Prod. 2. p. 228. — I. astragahna, 
 DC. I. c. — I. ferruginea, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 370. — 
 I. fusca, G. Don, Card. Diet. 2. p. 211. — Cape Coast, and on 
 the Quorra Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 295 
 
 A widely diffused species^ extending from Tropical Africa 
 tliroug:h the whole of Southern Asia to the Philippine Islands 
 and North Australia, and varying considerably in most of these 
 locahties. 
 9. Indigofera ^mY, Linn. — I. micinata, G. Do7i, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 
 
 208. — Sierra Leone and on the Quorra, Don, Vogel; cultivated. 
 
 The name Anil, given by Linn?eus to the West African and 
 American indigo, is derived from a Hindostanee term applied to 
 the Indian indigos, and especially to the /. tinctoria, and signi- 
 fying blue. Both the /. tinctoria and /. argentea are also cul- 
 tivated in West Tropical Africa. 
 
 Besides the above nine species, the same region possesses at 
 least twenty-seven other species of Indigofera, viz. : 1. /. [Ame- 
 carpus) Senegalensis, Lam. (/. tenella, Schum. et Thonn., and 
 Brissonia trapezicarpa, Desv.) from Senegal and Nubia ; 2. /. 
 diphylla, Vent., from Senegal ; 3. /. Perrottetii, Guill. et Perr., 
 from Senegal; 4. /. oligosperma, DC. [1. glutinosa, Schum. et 
 Thonn.) Senegal, Guinea and Nubia; 5. /. macrocalyx, Guill. et 
 Perr., Senegal ; 6. /. nigricans, Vahl, (7. elegans, Schum. et 
 Thonn.) Guinea; 7. /. piilchra, Vahl, Senegal and Nubia; 
 8. /. procera, Schum. et Thonn., Guinea; 9. /. trichopoda, 
 Guill. et Perr., Senegal ; 10. /. tetrasperma, Schum. et Thonn., 
 (nee Vahl ex Webb, supra p. 121), Guinea; 11. I. paniculata, 
 Pers., Sierra Leone ; 12. /. viscosa, Lam. (/. glutinosa, Guill. et 
 Perr., and possibly /. lateritia, Willd.), Senegal and Guinea, and 
 thence across Tropical Africa to the East Indian Peninsula ; 
 13. /. sessiliflora, DC, Senegal; 14. /. linearis, DC., Senegal 
 and Cape Verd Isles ; 15. /. siibulata, Vahl., (/. Thonningii, 
 Schum.) Guinea ; 16. /. pilosa, Poir. (/. Guineensis, Schum. et 
 Thonn.), Guinea; 17. /. aspera, Guill. et Perr., Senegal and 
 Cordofan; 18. /. Prieureana, Guill. et Perr., Senegal; 19. /. 
 lasiantha, Desv., Angola ; 22. /. macrophyUa, Schum. et Thonn., 
 Guinea ; 23. /. secundiflora, Poir., Guinea, and four unpublished 
 species from Senegal. The /. or nithopo diodes of Schum. and 
 Thonn., cultivated in Guinea, appears to be the /. tinctoria. 
 
 Of the allied genus, Cynmopsis, there is one Senegambian 
 species, C. Senegalensis, Guill. et Perr., also found in Nubia. 
 
296 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The widely diffused genus. Psoralen, has as yet no representa- 
 tive in West Tropical Africa, althouprh one species at least has 
 been found in Nubia. Of the two known species of Requienia, 
 one is from Senegal, R. obcordata, DC. 
 
 1 . Tephrosia Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; fruticosa, ramulis pedunculis- 
 que vclutino-toraentosis, stipulis lauccolato-subulatis caducis, 
 foliolis 6-10-jugis lineari-oblongis obtusis emarginatisve api- 
 culatis subtus pra^cipue adpresse sericeis, floribus amplis, 
 braeteis late ovatis acuminatis, calyeis lati dentibus late ob- 
 longis obtusis, vexillo emarginato dorso sericeo, alis cum carina 
 basi connatis, filamento superiore basi apiceque libero, legu- 
 mine breviter falcato liueari-oblongo valde compresso dense 
 fulvo-villoso. — On the Quorra, and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Frutex arborescens, 8-10-pedalis, ramis suberectis, ramulis sul- 
 catis, pube conferta. Stipuloe 2 lin. longge. PetioU pubentes, 
 6-8 poll, longi, pube fulva dense obtecti. Foliola l|-24-polli- 
 caria, ^-| poll, lata, infcrne subangustata, supra grisea sericco- 
 pubeseentia, subtus dense albo-sericea, venis prominulis obli- 
 que parallelis striata, costa ferruginea. Racemi terminales, 
 validi, erecti, pluriflori, subpyramidati. Bracteae eaductc. 
 Flores magnitudine Pisi sativi. Calyx late hemisphajricus, 
 supra medium 5-fidus. Corolla purpurea; vexillum latins 
 quam longum, erectum, patens, dorso argenteo-sericeum, basi 
 albo-maculatum, breviter unguiculatam ; aire late dolabri- 
 formes, obtusse, transverse rugosa). Ovarium liueare, velu- 
 tinum. Leyumen 5 poll, latum, planum, sub-18-spermum. 
 A very handsome species of the same group as /. toxicaria, 
 and which, like that species in the W. Indies, is cultivated by 
 the natives and used for poisoning fish. 
 
 2. Tephrosia densijiora, llook. fil. ; fruticosa, ramulis peduncu- 
 lisque pube tenui dense obtectis, stipulis lineari-subulatis, 
 foliolis obovato-oblongis late emarginatis obcordatisve subtus 
 prtccipue pubescenti-sericeis, racemis terminalibus, braeteis 
 anguste lanceolatis, calyeis villosuli dentibus 4 brevissimis 
 quinto subulato revoluto, vexillo sericeo, alis liberis, legumine 
 leviter arcuato late lineari dense villoso. — Pattch, Vogel. 
 Frutex ramosus. Folia 3-5 poll, longa ; foliola 1 j-l^ poll, longa. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 297 
 
 G-9 lin. lata^ supra pubc tcnui appressa, subtus scricea^ costa 
 ferruginea. Racemi sub-4-pollicares. Bractece extus sericeo- 
 tomentosffi, intus glabrae. Pedicelli 6 lin. longij villosuli. Calyx 
 \\ lin. longus, latior quam longus. Vcocillum fere \ poll, lon- 
 gum_, latissime orbiculatum, dorso dense serieeo-villosum, bre- 
 vissime unguiculatum, apice emarginatum ; alse basi tranverse 
 rugosa3. Filamentum superius basi apicequeliberum. Legu- 
 men pendulum, 3-1 poll, longum, 5 lin. latum, planum, apice 
 oblique et abrupte acuminatum, undique dense villosum. 
 Allied to T. Vogelii, but less hairy, with much smaller flowers, 
 
 narrower pods, broader and more emarginate leaflets, and very 
 
 different calyx and bracts. It is said by Yogel to be a cultivated 
 
 species. 
 
 3. Tephrosia A^iseUii, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto basi lignoso pavce 
 ramoso, ramis pedunculisque laxe patentim pilosis, stipulis 
 subulato-filiformibus, foliolis sub-7-jugis lineari-oblongis 
 obtusis vix emarginatis, subtus laxe et molliter sericeo- 
 pilosis, racemis terminalibus strictis elongatis multifloris, 
 bracteis lineari-subulatis, calycis dentibus 4 brevissimis infe- 
 riore longiore, vexillo sericeo, legumine late lineari-oblongo 
 subarcuato compresso parce piloso marginibus villoso-ciliatis. 
 — Savannahs on the Quorra at Stirling, Ansell, Vogel. 
 
 Svffrutex erectus, 3-pedalis, simpliciusculus. Caulis strictus, 
 griseus v. pallide rufescens, villis mollibus laxis. Stipul<B 
 5 lin. longfe, persistentes. Petioli 4-7 poll, longi, pube pal- 
 lide fulva. Foliola 1^-2 poll, longa, 3-5 hn. lata, basi vix 
 angustata, apice retusa, pilis albidis marginata. Racemi semi- 
 pedales ad pedales, floribus secus axem geminis. Bractece 
 stipulis consimiles, pedicellos duplo triplove superantes. Calyx 
 vix lineam longus, hemisphsericus, dentibus 2 superioribus 
 eonnatis, cseteris subulatis, inferiore longiore. Vexillum late 
 elliptico-oblongum, emarginatum, unguiculatum, dorso pilis 
 fusco-bruuneis dense sericeum ; alse basi cum carina connatae, 
 transverse rugosge. Filamentum superius basi et apice li- 
 berum. Ovarium dense sericeum. Legumen 1^-1 1 poll, 
 longum, 4 lin. latum, plano-compressum, basi apiceque an- 
 
298 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 gustatuni, sub-7-spermum, faciebus pilosis, marginibus in- 
 crassatis villoso-ciliatis. 
 
 4. Tcphrosia elongata, Hook. fil. ; suffruticosa, erecta, caule 
 tereti ramulisque cinereo-pubescentibus, stipulis oblongo-lan- 
 ceolatisj petiolis elongatis, foliolis sub-12-jugis anguste lincari- 
 oblongis obtusis apiculatis si\pra glabratis subtus appressc 
 sericeis, racemis longissirais multifloris, bracteis ovato-oblongis, 
 petliccUis brevibus, vexillo calyce breviter 5-dentato sextuplo 
 longiore dense velutino, legumine leviter arcuato lineari com- 
 presso velutino. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Suffruiex tripedalis. Caulis strictus, ramis raris valde elongatis 
 laxe foliatis. Folia spithamea, suberecta^ petiolo velutino- 
 pubescente, stipulis 1| lin. longisextus sericeis. Foliola ses- 
 quipollicaria, 2^ lin. lata^ vix basi angustata, costa subtus 
 ferruginca. Racemi interdum bipedales, parte florifera per 
 anthesin 4-unciali, fruetifera pedali. Flores sfepius gemini, 
 erecto-patentes, purpurei, 9 lin. longi, pedicello 2-lineari 
 bracteaque sericeis. Calyx brevissimus, dente inferiore subu- 
 late, 2 summis fere ad apicem connatis. Vexillum sessile, 
 late obcordatum, dorso dense fulvo-sericeum ; alse basi ca- 
 rinse vix cohserentes, medio transverse rugulosBe. Fila- 
 mentum supremum basi et apicc liberum. Legumen erecto- 
 patens v. borizontale, acuminatum, 3 poll, longum, 2^ lin. 
 latum, plano-compressum, marginibus incrassatis, sub- 14- 
 spcrmum. 
 
 5. Tc\>\\vo%\K fasciculata, Hook, fil.; fruticosa, ramis validis 
 tcretibus pubescentibus, petiolis elongatis, stipulis ovato-lan- 
 ceolatis, foliolis 6-9-jugis linearibus cmarginato-bilobis supra 
 glabratis subtus albo-sericeis, racemis terminalibus erectis 
 brevibus, pedicellis brevissimis, floribus erectis fasciculatis, 
 legumine lineari compresso velutino. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex erectus, orgyalis. Stipults infimse foliaceje, 3-4 lin. 
 longse. Petiolus 6-8-pollicaris. Foliola 2 poll, longa, 3 lin. 
 lata. Racemi ut videtur densiflori, soli fructiferi milii 
 noti. Flores delapsi iis T. elongates similes. Legumina fas- 
 ciculata, patula, 2j poll, longa, \ poll, lata, sub-11-sperma, 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 299 
 
 faciebns pilis flavo-fuscis pubescentibus, marginibus incras- 
 
 satis. 
 
 Most nearly allied to" T. elongata, but the leaves are longer, 
 the stipules very different, and the pod broader and fewer- 
 seeded. 
 
 6. Tephrosia^e-TMOsa, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 232 ; caule 
 erecto sublignoso flexuoso superne ramulisque pubescenti- 
 pilosis, stipulis iiliformi-subulatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis lineari- 
 lanceolatis subacutis supra pubescentibus subtus argenteo- 
 sericeis, racemis terminalibus abbreviatis sericeo-villosis, flo- 
 ribus confertis, bractcis svibulatis, calyce brevissimo, legumine 
 late-lineari subtoruloso sub-8-spermo. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Fruticulus l-l|-pedalis, caulibus ssepe angulatim flexuosis basi 
 denudatis stipulis pollicaribus solis persistentibus. Petioli 
 molliter flavo-pubescentes. Foliola supra grisea, subtus pilis 
 rufesceutibus tecta. Racemus florens sesquipollicaris, fruc- 
 tifer parum elongatus. Legumen suberectum, vix arcuatum, 
 faeiebus torulosis sericeo-pubescentibus, marginibus incras- 
 satis fulvo-tomentosis. Semina late oblonga, testa nitida, 
 nigra, flavo-irrorata. 
 
 7. Tephrosia elegans, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 376. — Sa- 
 vannahs on the Quorra, Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 Simillima T. brevipedi, e Guiana ; differt foliolis plerisque bi- 
 jugis, floribus minoribus, calycis laciniis latioribus petalisque 
 obtusioribus. 
 
 8. Tephrosia pulchella, Hook. fil. ; caule erecto simplici basi 
 lignoso superne subfastigiatim ramoso, ramis petiolisque gi'a- 
 cilibus adpresse puberulis, foliolis 4-5-jugis anguste lineari- 
 cuneatis retusis emarginatisve supra glabratis subtus argenteo- 
 sericeis, floribus axillaribus solitariis parvis brevissime pedi- 
 cellatis, calycis segmentis subsequalibus subulatis, legumine 
 erecto dense villoso. — On the Quorra, at Stirling, Vogel. 
 
 Buffrutex gracilis, tripedalis, ramulis erectis virgatis. Stipules 
 minimse. Petiolus 4-9 lin. longus. Foliola sensim e basi 
 angustata, |-| poll, longa, |-1 lin. lata, inferiora raro sesqui- 
 pollicaria, supra obscure griseo-puberula subtus argentea costa 
 ferruginea. Flares parvi, pcdicello 1 lin. longo bracteam sub- 
 
300 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ulatam exccclcntc. Calyx dense scrieeus, ad medium 5-fidns. 
 Vexillum orbiculari-oblongum, unguiculatum ; ahc cum carina 
 vix adliserentes, medio obscure tranvcrsim reticulatse. Ova- 
 rium dense sericeo-pilosura, sub-12-ovulatum. 
 9. Tephrosia linearis, Pers. Syn. 2. j)- 330. — Senegal ; Accra, 
 Vogel ; also a native of Cordofan. 
 
 The genus Tephrosia seems peculiai'ly abundant towards the 
 northern or drier regions of West Tropical African Flora, all 
 but one of the following additional known species being found 
 in Senegambia, viz. : 1. 7". bracteolata, Guill. et Perr., and 2. 
 T. platycarpa, Guill. et Perr., both from Senegal ; 3. T. humilis, 
 Guill. et Perr., from Senegal and Cape Vcrd; 4, T. apoUinea, 
 DC, from Senegal ? Nubia and Arabia ; 5. T. leptostachya, DC, 
 from Senegal and Nubia ; 6. T. lineata, Sebum, et Thonn. 
 (perhaps the same as T. leptostachya, DC, and T. purpurea, 
 Pers.) from Guinea; 7. T. gracilipes, Guill. et Perr., from Se- 
 negal; 8. T. uniflora, Pers. (to this may possibly belong the 
 Senegambian T. apollinea, as well as the T. anthylloides, Hochst.; 
 the true Galega apollinea, Delille, being probably a veiy different 
 species), Senegal and Nubia ; 9. T. lathyroides, Guill. et Perr., 
 from Cape Verd ; 10. T. hirsuta, Schum. et Thonn. (perhaps, 
 as well as T. lathyroides, the same as T. uniflora) from Guinea ; 
 11. T. diyitata, DC, from Senegal; and one, or perhaps two, 
 unpublished species from Senegambia. 
 
 The T. toxicaria, presumed by Tussaud to have been intro- 
 duced into the West Indies from West Africa, docs not aj)j)car 
 in any of the collections from the latter country, where other 
 species are cultivated for the same purpose of poisoning fish. 
 It may also be stated, as further evidence that T. toxicaria is 
 really American, not African, that the American Continent pos- 
 sesses other indigenous species much nearer allied to that one 
 than to any African ones. 
 
 1. Scsbania aculeata, Pers. — Accra, Vogel; Senegambia, and 
 widely diffused over Africa and the East Indies, and intro- 
 duced into the West Indies. 
 3. Scsbania yEgyptiaca, Pers. — S. punctata, DC. — Sierra Leone 
 and Quorra River, at Attah, Vogel; Senegambia, and, like 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 301 
 
 the preceding species, diffused over Africa and East India as 
 far as the Philippine Islands. 
 
 Three other Senegambian species have been described, S. lep- 
 tocarpa, DC, S. pachycarpa, DC. and S. pubescens, DC, of 
 which two at least, if not all three, are also found in Nubia. 
 1. Agati grandiflora, Desv., DC. Prod. 2. p. 266. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. — Introduced from E. India, where also it appears 
 to be generally, if not always, more or less in a state of culti- 
 vation. 
 
 No other genus of true GalegecB, nor yet any of the large 
 tribes of Astragalea or Vicece, have as yet been found in West 
 Tropical Africa, although a few have been gathered in Nubia. 
 
 1. Stylosanthes Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr.p. 351, et 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 381 ? — S. erecta, Pal. de Beauv. 
 Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 28. t. 77. — Vog. Linncea, 12. p. 68.— 
 Senegambia to Guinea ; Cape Coast Castle, Grand Bassa and 
 Nun River, Vogel ; Whydah, Don. 
 
 Certainly very closely allied to the West Indian S. procum- 
 bens, and perhaps only a luxuriant variety. It is usually a much 
 larger plant, thickly covering large patches of ground, and 
 rising to the height of a foot and a half, but not really erect, on 
 which account it may be better to adopt Schumacher's name 
 than Palisot de Beauvois's. The flowers are usually more nu- 
 merous than in S. procmnbens, but not always so. 
 
 The East Indian S. mucronata, Willd., slightly differing from 
 the preceding, has also been found in Senegal. 
 
 2. Stylosanthes viscosa, Sw., Vog. Linnosa, 12. p. 66. — Sieri'a 
 Leone, Don. The specimens are precisely similar to the 
 common American form. 
 
 1. Arachis hypoycea, Linn. — Abundantly cultivated in West 
 Tropical Africa. In addition to Mr. Brown's observations 
 (App. Cong.) on the probable country and migrations of this 
 plant, it may be stated that the discovery of several other 
 species of the same genus in Bi*azil is additional evidence of 
 the American origin of the A. hypogtea. 
 
 1. Zornia diphyllu, Fcrs,, var. ylochidiata.—Z. glochidiata, 
 
302 FLORA NIGRJTIANA. 
 
 Reich. DC. Prod. 2. p. 316.— Z. biarticulata, G. Don, Gard. 
 
 Diet. 2. }J. 288. — Accra, Vogel, Don ; Scnegambia. 
 
 The distinctions between the common American, Asiatic and 
 
 African forms of this widely diffused plant prove to be very 
 
 inconstant, as already observed by Vogel ; and it is now no longer 
 
 possible to view them as forming more than one species, found 
 
 in almost every hot country visited by botanists, 
 
 A new species of Geissaspis, remarkable for its entire, not 
 
 ciliated bracts, is amongst Heudelot^s Senegambian })lants. 
 The same Senegambian collection includes the Herminiera 
 
 elaphroxylon, Guill. et Perr., which must be removed to Hedy- 
 
 sareae, the pod being certainly articulated when quite ripe, and 
 
 an allied plant, which appears to be the same as the Abyssinian 
 
 Acrotaphros bibracteata, Steud. 
 
 1.. Ormocarpum verrucosum, Pal. de Beauv. Fl. Oiu. et Ben. 1. 
 p. 96. t. 58. — Grand Bassa, in marshy places and in maritime 
 sands on the Nun River, and in the island of Fernando Po, 
 Vogel; Oware. 
 
 2. Ormocarpum coronilloides, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 279 ; 
 foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis multijugis oblongis utrinque 
 obtusis niucronulatis, leguminis articulatis striatis glabris 
 v. pilis glanduliferis raris instructis. — Rathkea glabra, Schuni. 
 et Thonn. Beskr. p. 355 j — var. a. petiolis pedicellisquc 
 glauduloso-puberulis, St. Thomas, Don ; — var. /S. petiolis 
 pedicellisque glabrioribus, on the Niger, Mc William. 
 Very similar to a Philippine Island plant, which appears to 
 
 be the ^schynomcne colutoides of A. llichard, and which as 
 
 well as our plant, may be mere varieties of the East Indian O. 
 
 sennoides, the degree of glandular hairiness of the inflorescence 
 
 and pods being evidently very variable. 
 
 1. iEschynomene aspera, Linn. DC. Prod. 2. p. 320. — Nun 
 and Quorra llivers, Vogel; Accra, Don. These specimens 
 differ but slightly from the common East Indian form in 
 the bracts and calyxes being more acuminated and smooth, 
 but do not appear to be specifically distinct. 
 The /E. Indica, Linn., which probably includes ^. macro- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 303 
 
 •poda, DC, JE. quadrata, Schum. ct Thonn., and ^. sensitiva, 
 Pal, de Beauv.j a common East Indian plant, is found in Senegal 
 and Guinea, extending also to Covdofan ; and the American 
 ^. sensitiva, Sw., as well as an apparently new species, are in 
 Heudelot^s Senegambian collection. 
 
 Sprengel, under the name of Smithia spicata, has described a 
 presumed Senegambian plant, which must remain a puzzle 
 until it has been seen by some more accurate botanist. No 
 true Smithia has as yet been found to our knowledge in Western 
 Africa, athough one species [Kotschya Africana, Endl.) is a 
 native of Upper Egypt. 
 
 1. Uraria j^ic/a, Desv., DC. Prod. 2. p. 324?. — Cape Palmas 
 and Quorra River, at Addanda, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don. — 
 A common East Indian species, also recorded as a native of 
 Guinea by Schumacher and Thonning, whose plant is erro- 
 neously referred by Walpers to Desmodium. 
 
 1. Desmodium (Pleurolobium) oxybracteatum, DC. Prod. 2. p. 
 334 ?— D. grande, E. Mey. Comm. PI. Afr. Austr. p. 124. 
 — D. paleaceum, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 209. — Aboh, 
 Vogel; Senegambia; also S. East Africa, Madagascar and 
 Mauritius. VogeFs specimens closely resemble the eastern 
 ones, Heudelot's are rather less vigorous, but all appear to 
 belong to one species, varying very much in the hairiness of 
 the fruit, as is the case with so many Desmodia. 
 
 2. Desmodium (Chalarium) latifolium, DC. Prod. 2. p. 328. — 
 D. lasiocarpum, DC. I. c. — Hedysarum deltoideum, Schum. et 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 361. — Accra and Quorx'a River, Vogel; 
 St. Thomas, Don ; Senegambia and Guinea. A very common 
 East Indian plant extending as far as the Philippine Islands. 
 
 3. Desmodium (Heteroloma) Mauritianum, DC. Prod. 2. p. 
 334. — H. fruticulosum, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 363. — 
 D. linearifoliura, D. ramosissimum et D. tenue ? G. Don, 
 Gard. Diet. 2. p. 294. — St. Thomas and Sierra Leone, Don ; 
 Grand Bassa, Cape Palmas, &c., Vogel. — A Mauritius plant, 
 extending probably all across the African continent. 
 
 4. Desmodium (Heteroloma) incanwa, DC. Prod. 2. p. 332. — 
 D. sparsiflorum, G. Don, Gard. Did. 2. p)- 2^^. — Sierra 
 
304 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Lconc and St. Thomas, Don ; rernando Po, Vogel. — A 
 common American s})ecies, said to be found also in the 
 Mauritius 
 5 Desmodiuni (Ileteroloma) oxalidifolium, G.Don, Gard. Diet. 
 2. p. 295. — St. Thomas, Don ; sandy shores of the Nun 
 River, near the sea, Vogel. 
 Caules e basi radicante ^-2-pedales, prostrati, gracilcs, apicibus 
 adscendentibus, parce subsericeo-pilosi. Stiptdee 3 hu. long?o, 
 persistcntes, lanceolatse, setaceo-acuminatae. Petioii \-\ poll, 
 longi. Foliola late obovato-orbiculata, l-l|-pollicaria, mem- 
 branacea, pallide viridea, supra sparse puberula. Pedunculi 
 terminales, elongati, pauciflori, pcdicellis subgeminis filifor- 
 mibus semipollicaribus. Bractea lanceolatse setaceo-acumi- 
 natje. Flores 2 lin. longi. Calyx pubescens, profunde par- 
 titus, seguientis subulatis. Legumen pollicare, articulis 
 4-5 longioribus quam latis, bine fere rectis, illinc convexis, 
 faciebus planis glochidiato-pubescentibus. 
 Apparently allied to D. ccespititium, DC, and closely re- 
 sembling a Javanese species. 
 
 Besides the above, there are three described Desmodia from 
 W. Tropical Africa, viz. : D. lanceolatum, Schum. ct Thonn., 
 from Guinea, D. ovalifolium, Guill. et Perr., and Z>. terminule, 
 Guill. et Perr. (referred by Webb to the common W. Indian 
 D. toi'tuosum), both from Senegambia, and a fourth apparently 
 new one in Heudelot's collection. 
 
 1. Nicholsonia reptans, Mcissn. Linnaaf 21. p. 260. — Des- 
 niodium triflorum, DC. Prod. 2. p. 334. —D. Bullamense, 
 G. Don, Gard. Did. 2. p. 291. — Hedysarum granulatum, 
 Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 362. — Accra, Vogel. — A very 
 common weed in hot damp climates within the Tropics, both 
 of the New and the Old AYorld. Meissner is quite right in 
 transferring it from Desmodium to Nicholsonia, to which 
 genus belong four or five other E. Indian and Mauritius 
 species ])ublished as Desmodia. 
 1. Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. Prod. 2. p. 353. — Stirling, at the 
 continence, Ansell ; also Senegal, Cordofan, and very abun- 
 dant in East India, as far as the Philippine Islands. 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 305 
 
 A second species, A. rugosiis, DC, to which probably belong- 
 also Hedysarum rugosum and H. ovalifolium, Schuni. et 
 Thonn., is a native of Senegal and Guinea, extending to Cov- 
 dofan. 
 
 Of the genus Abrus, which connects Viciecc with Phaseolece, 
 one species, the common A. py-ecatorius , is included in the 
 Senegambian Flora. It is found abundantly within the Tropics, 
 both in the New and the Old World, bvit in many places evidently 
 introduced. 
 1. Centrosema decumbens, Mart. — Benth. in Ann. Mus. Vind. 
 
 2. p. 120. — Cape Coast, Vogel. — A common South American 
 
 plant, ranging from the West Indies to South Brazil. The 
 
 genus is also, with this exception, exclusively American. 
 
 Clitoria Ternatea, a common East Indian plant, introduced 
 into many parts of America, is found also in Senegambia, and 
 over a great portion of Tropical Africa. 
 1. Glycine labialis, Linn. — TVight et Am. Prod. Penins. hid. 
 
 Or. 1. p. 200. — St. Thomas, Don. — A common Tropical plant, 
 
 both in the New and the Old World. 
 
 The G. Senegalensis, DC, is generally supposed to be a mere 
 variety of G. parvifiora, Lam., (which latter is correctly referred 
 to G. labialis) ; but some specimens in Heudelot^s Senegambian 
 collection, agreeing well with De Candolle^s character, are 
 certainly distinct. Besides the longer racemes, and longer and 
 smoother pods, the calyx is essentially different, being divided 
 into four instead of five teeth, and each tooth is broader. Hoch- 
 stetter's Kennedya Ai'abica, from Cordofan, appears to be the 
 same as the Senegambian plant. 
 1. Johnia IFilldenoivii, Hook. fil. — Glycine hedysaroides, Willd. 
 
 Spec. 3. p. 1060. — Accra, Don ; in Vogel's collection without 
 
 the precise locality. 
 
 This species, well described by Thonning under Willdenow's 
 name, is certainly congener to the Johnia Wightii, Arn., and to 
 the Bujacia anonychia, E. Mey., which is scarcely specifically 
 distinct from the Indian plant. In all I find the stamens mo- 
 nadelphous, and all bearing anthers, the upper stamen being 
 free only at the base. In the Johnia vestita, Arn., however, 
 
 X 
 
306 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 the u])pcr stamen is entirely free. All these small genera, 
 allied to Ghjcine, require a general revision. 
 
 Another Guinea plant, the Glycine bijlora, Schum. et Thonn., 
 may possibly be a Johnia, but is at present insufficiently de- 
 scribed to determine the genus. 
 
 1. Dioclea (Pachylobium) reflexa, Hook. fil. ; ramulis petiolis- 
 que patentim pilosis, foliolis ovatis brevissime acuminatis 
 tenuiter eoriaceis supra glabris subtus hirsutis, infloreseentia 
 rufo-tomentosa, floribus confertis brevissime pedicellatis, brac- 
 teis lanceolatis persistentibus reflexis, calycis eampanulati 
 laeinia infima tubo vix breviore, carina rostrata alis breviore, 
 legumine ovato-oblongo planiusculo I'ufo-villoso. — Dolichos 
 coriaeeus, Gi'ah. in Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 5563. — Cape 
 Palmas, near the sea-coast on the Quorra, and Fernando Po, 
 Vogel. 
 Frutex scandens, ramis teretibus glabratis ad nodos ramulisque 
 patentim pilosis. Stipuke medio affixfe, lanceolato-subulatae, 
 reflexje. Petioli 3 poll, longi, pilis flaccidis patentibus fulvis 
 obsiti, stipellis setaceis. Foliola 3-5 poll, longa, 2-3 lata, 
 breve petiolulata, reticulato-venosa, supra nitida, subtus pal- 
 lidiora. Pedunculi bipedales, inferne glaberrimi, siipra me- 
 dium pubescentes et dense tlorigeri. Bractea semipollicares, 
 ligulatfe, acuminatse, rufo-velutin?c, reeurvse. Flores per 2-4 
 ad quemquam nodum brevissime pedieellati, splendide rubro- 
 purpurei. Calyx rufescenti-sericeus, 4 lin. longus, basi bi- 
 bracteolatus, tubo late ovato-hemisphserico, ore 5-lobo, lobis 
 lateralibus late oblongis obtusis, summis paullo brevioribus, 
 infimo angustiore longiore. Vexillum glaberrimum, calyee 
 bis longius, ungue late lineari, lamina latissime obcordata ; 
 alro vexillo paullo longiores, obovato-quadrata?, basi auricula 
 reflexa appendiculataj ; carina coriacea. Ovarium villosissi- 
 mum. Legumen planum, crasso-coriaceum, in specimine 
 adhue immaturum sed jam 5 poll, longum, 2 poll, latum, 
 sutura seminifcra valde incrassata. 
 
 A species, as far as hitherto known, only found in East India, 
 and some other parts of the Old World, although belonging to an 
 otherwise exclusively American genus. It closely resembles the 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 307 
 
 Brazilian D. violacea, whose violet-coloured bracts are straight 
 and erect, whilst in the West African one they are always reflexed, 
 as in another yet unpublished Brazilian species, (Gardner, n. 
 2117), in which however the flowers are very different. 
 
 Two species of Canavalia are mentioned as inhabiting W. 
 Tropical Africa, the C. obtusifolia, DC, common on the 
 sea-coast of Senegal and Guinea, and of East Tropical Africa, 
 Asia and America, and C. gladiata, DC, from Guinea, a 
 commonly cultivated East Indian species. The first of these 
 is described by Schumacher and Thonning under the name of 
 Dolichos obovatus ; and that species is followed by a D. ovali- 
 folius, which is unknown to us, but judging from the ex- 
 pression "csetera uti in prsecedenti,'' it may be another Cana- 
 valia. 
 
 1. Mucuna urens, DC, Prod. 2. p. 405. — Fernando Po, Vogel; 
 Accra, Don; also Guinea. — Apparently identical with the 
 West Indian plant figured by Plumier. 
 
 2. Mucuna flagellipes, Vogel, MS. ; caule foliisque glabris, 
 foliolis oblique ovatis subcordatis apice abrupte acuminatis 
 membranaceis nitidis, pedunculis longissimis apice racemosis, 
 bracteis late ovato-cymbaformibus sericeis, calycis late hemi- 
 sphserici dentibus 3 ajquilongis obtusis. — On the banks of the 
 Niger, most abundant, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis lignosus, scandens, arbores altissimas superans (fide Vogel) . 
 Ramuli teretes. Petioli 3-4 poll, longi, sulcati. Foliola 5 
 poll, longa, 3 poll, lata, basi valde oblique rotundata v. plc- 
 rumque plus minusve cordata, apice in acumen 4-5 lin. longum 
 obtusum producta, petio]u.lis 2 lin. longis. Pedunculi 3-6 
 pedes longi, funiformes, nudi, apicibus floriferis incrassatis pu- 
 bescentibus, parte florifera tripollicari geniculatim flexuosa, 
 nodis florigeris 12-16. Bracteca \\ poll, longae, latissimre, 
 pilis fulvis pungentibus obsitse, tridentatse. Vexillum \\ 
 poll, longum, viridi-lutescens ; alse obtusse, vexillo fequilongse, 
 basi lineis sericeis percursse, cum carina breviore subacuta 
 connatse. 
 
 1. Erythrina Vogel'n, Hook. fil. ; inermis ? subglabra, caule sul- 
 cato, foliolis ovato-oblongis oblongisve obtusis coriaceis reti- 
 
 x2 
 
308 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 culatim venosis, racemis terminalibus strictis multifloris, 
 calyce spathaceo vix jjuberulo apicc rcflcxo obscure tvidcntato, 
 vexillo calyce multo breviore^ alls calyccin a-quautibus, carina 
 triente lougiore. — Fernando Po, Voyel ; Accra, Den. 
 
 Caulis lignosus, cortice albido. Petioli 2-3-pollicares, infra pc- 
 tiolulos 1 lin. longos gland uligeri. Foliola 4 })oll. longa, latc- 
 ralibus minoribus, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora. Pedunculi 
 8-12-poliicareSj stricti, multiflori, dense pubescentes. F/ores 
 Ij poll, longi, solitarii v. gemini, brevissime pedicellati. 
 Calyx 4< lin. longus, coriaceus. VexiUum paullo curvatuni. 
 Legumen deest. 
 Vogel cites this as a medicinal plant. Don's specimens are 
 
 hardly determinable : their flowers appear rather larger than 
 
 Vogers. 
 
 2. Erythrina Sejiegalensis, DC. Prod. 2. p. 413. — E. Guineensis, 
 G. Don, Gard. Did. 2. p. 371. — Sierra Leone, Do7i. Scnc- 
 gambia to Guinea, extending, according to A. Richard, as far 
 as Abyssinia. 
 
 1. Phaseolus lunatus, Linn. — Fernando Po, Vogel. — A plant 
 extensively cultivated in Tropical countries, especially in Asia 
 and Africa. 
 The P. vulgaris is enumerated by Schumacher and Thonning 
 
 as being in cultivation in Guinea, and Guillemin and Perrottet 
 
 have described another species, P. Senegalensis, as a nati\e of 
 
 Senegambia. 
 
 1. Vigna oblonga, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 86. — Sandy banks of 
 the Nun River, near the sea, and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 An American sea-coast plant, very near V. glabra, but the 
 leaflets are always remarkably blunt, besides some difierences in 
 the flowers. 
 
 2. Vigna multiflora, Hook. fil. ; pilosula v. glabra, stipulis 
 breviter auriculatis, foliolis membranaceis ovato-rhombeis, 
 pedunculis folio longioribus supra medium multifloris, pedi- 
 cellis calyce subbrevioribus, calycis late campanulati dentibus 
 tubo brcvioribus supremo latissimo integro latcralibus obtusis 
 infima angustiore, carina nuda erostri, leguminibus glabris 
 levitcr falcatis. — Fernando Po, on the sea-coast, Vogel. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 309 
 
 Herba volubilis^ V. gracUi affinis^ seel omnibus partibus major. 
 Rami bine incle pilis reflcxo-patentibus liirti v. omnino gla- 
 brati. Stipules 1-3 lin. longpe, late lanceolatsie^ acutse, striatse^ 
 basi in auriculam brevem acutam infra insertionem productse, 
 glabrae v. piloso-ciliatfe. Petioli infra foliola 2-3 poll, longi, 
 inter foliola semipollicareSj bine incle prsesertim prope basin 
 patentim pilosi. Stipellce parvse, obtusse, fere glanduliformes. 
 Petiohdi 1-1| lin. longi, villosi. Foliola 14-3-pollicaria ; 
 terminale late rbombeum^ lateralia valde insequilatera^ basi 
 truncata v. subeordata^ omnia apice breviter acuminata, utrin- 
 que viridia, margine ciliata, ad costas jiilis nonnullis utrinque 
 Inspidula et in pagina superiore pilis raris conspersa. Pe- 
 dunculi infra flores 3-5-pollicares, parte florida 1^-2-polli- 
 cari. Pedicelli ad quemquam nodum gemini v. rarius 3-4-ui, 
 per antbesin calyce ssepius breviores, fructiferi paullulum elon- 
 gati. BractecE et bracteolte parvse, oblongo-lineares. Calyx 
 fere V. glabrce nisi dentibus latioribus raulto obtusioribus. 
 Petala glabra, iis V. glahrcB subsimilia. hegumenXh-V^ lin. 
 Ion gum, vix 2 lin. latum. 
 
 Like tbe V. gracilis, tbis species cannot be generically sepa- 
 rated from tbe V. glabra of Savi, wbicb is mucb nearer to tbe 
 true Dolichos tban some of tbe following. Unfortunately, tbe 
 very indifferent specimens existing in herbaria, scarcely admit 
 as yet of any exact limitation of tbis and tbe allied genera. 
 
 3. Vigna ? sp., apparently near V. multiflora, but tbe specimen 
 is too bad to determine. — Near tbe town of St. Ann de Chiaves, 
 Don. 
 
 4. Yigna unguiculata, Walp. Rep. \. p. 779. — Dolichos ungui- 
 culatus, Linn, et Auct. — Cape Coast, Vogel. — Extensively 
 cultivated in W. Tropical Africa, as it is in other parts of 
 Africa, Asia and America. 
 
 5. Vigna linearifolia, Hook, fil.; caule volubili scabro v. piloso, 
 stipulis lanceolatis acuminatis pilosis, petiolis hispidis, foliolis 
 longe lineari-lanceolatis bispidulis transverse reticulatis, pe- 
 dunculis pilosis apice 2-3-floris, calycis laciniis 5 longe lan- 
 ceolato-setaceis, legumine densissime velutino-villoso. — Sa- 
 vannahs of the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
310 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Caules pluri-pedales, inter graniina volubiles^ rigiduli, teretes, 
 infcrnc glabvati, supcrne scabri ct pilosi, internodiis elongatis, 
 Stipulce 3-4 liii. longse, basi in auriculam brevem obtusissi- 
 mam adnatam infra insertioncm productfe. Pelioli 11-2- 
 pollicares, petiolulique pilis rigidulis bispidi. Foliola rigi- 
 dula, 6-8 poll, longa, vix semipolliccm lata, utrinque scabrida 
 et pilosnlaj penninervia ct lineis parallelis crebris transversis 
 pulcbre reticulata. Pedunculi oppositifolii, validi, 1-1 4 poll, 
 lougi, apice incrassati. Flores niajusculi^ sessiles v. brevis- 
 simc pedicellati. Calyx semipollicaris, tubuloso-campanu- 
 latus, tube brevi basi obtuse, laciniis plus duple tubi longi- 
 tudine, subulato-acnminatis. Vexillum late obcordatum, bre- 
 viter unguiculatum, lamina basi utrinque hamata, extus lutea, 
 intus purpurascens ; alse purpui'ese, carinre cohserentes, basi 
 hinc calcaratse. /S^^/^walateralcvix productum. Legumen 1| 
 poll, longum, 2 lin. latum^ sub-10-spermum, pilis rigidis 
 atropurpureis vestitum. 
 
 6. Vigna reticulata, Hook. fil. ; caule volubili supcrne foliis 
 pedunculisque setosis, stipulis ovato-lanccolatis acuminatis, 
 foliolis anguste ovato-lanceolatis acutis creberrime transversim 
 reticulatis, pedunculis apice sub-2-floris, calycis laciniis 5 
 subulato-setaceis, legumine vclutino-tomentoso pilis fulvis con- 
 sperso. — Savannahs at Accra, Voyel. 
 
 V. linearifolicB simillima, sed duplo major, pilis fulvis rigidiori- 
 bus, foliolis stipulisque latioribus, legumine fere 2^-pollicare, 
 indumcnto diverso. 
 The beautiful tranverse reticulations on the leaflets of this 
 
 and the preceding species distinguish them from any of their 
 
 congeners. 
 
 6. Vigna Nigritia, Hook. fil. ; caule volubili sparse piloso, sti- 
 pulis ovato-lanceolatis basi in auriculas 2 productis, petiolis 
 hispidis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis utrinque pilosis, pedunculis 
 pilosis folio longioribus apice multifloris, calycis glabri brevius 
 campanulati dentibus 5 obtusis, legumine glabrato apice 
 hamato-nuicronato. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis pallide flavo-fuscus, scabcrulus, supcrne pilosus. Stipidee 
 2\ lin. longtP, striata, glabriuscuUic, ciliatrc, auriculis infra 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 311 
 
 insertionem brevibus acutis. Petioli pollicares. Foliola 2 
 poll, longa, i-2^ lata, basi rotundata truncata v. cuneata, 
 triuervia, reticulatim venosa, pallide viridia, lateralia obliqiia. 
 Pedunculi 2-4-pollicares, validi, sulcati, pilis retrorsis. Flores 
 brevissime pedicellati. Calyx 1 liu. longus, glaberrimus. 
 Vexillum 4 lin. longum, latissimuni, recuwiim, pallide ro- 
 seum, uugue brevissimo, lamina basi utrinque auriculata ; 
 alse intensius coloratse, basi hiuc auriculatse. Legumen sub 
 lente minutissime puberulum, leviter curvatuiii, 1^ poll. Ion- 
 gum. Semina oblonga, rufo-fusca. 
 
 A most distinct species, of which the specimen is very im- 
 perfect. 
 
 8. Vigna Thonningii, Hook. fil. — Plectrotropis hirsuta, Schwn. 
 et Thann. Beskr. p. 339. — Cape Coast and Fernando Po, 
 Vogel. 
 
 This answers very well to Thonning's description of the plant 
 he gathered at Aguapim. It comes very near to the American 
 V. carinalis, Benth. Bot. Snlph., and like that species, the 
 V. angustifolia, and some other African and Asiatic species, 
 is remarkable for the much-curved oblique keel with a lateral 
 spur on one side only, on which character Schumacher and 
 Thonning founded their genus Plectrotropis. Although they can 
 scarcely be admitted to the generic rank thus accorded, they 
 will probably be found to constitute a good sectional group in 
 the now extensive genus Vigna. 
 
 Besides the above eight species, West Tropical Africa pos- 
 sesses at least three others, viz. : V. gracilis, Hook. fil. {Do- 
 lichos, Guill. et Perr.), from Senegambia; V. Nilotica, Hook, 
 fil. [Dolichos, Delile), from Senegambia, Nubia and Egypt ; 
 and V. angustifolia, Hook. fil. {Dolichos, Vahl, Plectrotropis, 
 Schum. et Thonu.), from Senegambia and Guinea. 
 
 Of the genus Dolichos, although it be essentially African, no 
 true representative appears to have been found within the West 
 Tropical region, the D. nervosus, Schum. et Thonn., being 
 probably the Lablah vulgaris, Savi, which is common over a 
 great part of Africa, and exists in Senegambia and Guinea, either 
 wild or cultivated, as well as Pachyrrhizus angulatus, Rich., 
 
312 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Voandzeia subterranea, Dup. Thou., and Cajanus Indicus, Spr.^ 
 to which last must probably be referred the Cytisus Gvineensis, 
 Schuiii. ct Thonn. — A Senegainbian plant, supposed to be a 
 Psophocarpus, but of which only the fruit and foliage are 
 known, has been published by Desvaux under the name of 
 P. palustris, and by Guillemin and Perrottet under that of 
 P. palmettorum. It appears, however, to be at least as nearly 
 allied to the Brazilian Diedngia as to the Asiatic Psopho- 
 carpus. 
 1. Cyanospermum ccilycinum, Hook. fil. — llhynchosia calycina, 
 
 Guill. et Peri'. Fl. Seneg. 1. p. 214. — Sierra Leone, Don, 
 
 Vogel. 
 
 Although the caruncle of the seed is exti'emely small in this 
 species, yet the general habit, the calyx and corolla are those 
 of Cyanospermum rather than Rhynchosia, and it has also the 
 peculiar blue seed of the former genus. The constricted pod 
 occurs also in Rhynchosia phaseoloides, which is in every other 
 respect a true Rhynchosia. 
 
 1. llhynchosia Memncniu, DC. Prod. 2. p. 38G. — St. Thomas, 
 Don ; Senegal, Nubia, and Upper Egypt. 
 
 2. llhynchosia f/e/zi/is. Hook. fil. ; prostrata v. volubilis, pubes- 
 cens, stipulis parvis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis subulatisve, 
 foliolis mcmbranaceis rhombeo-orbicularibus abrupte acumi- 
 natis lateralibus insecpiilateris, raceniis axillaribus densifloris 
 j)etiolo multo brevioribus, bractcolis lineari-lanceolatis pedi- 
 cello longioribus, calycis laciniis lanceolato-subulatis infima 
 clongata, leguniine patcntim piloso rufo. — Dolichos debilis, 
 Don, MSS. — Glycine macrophylla, Schurn. et Thonn. Beskr. 
 p. 318 ?— St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Caulis gracilis 2-3-pedalis. Siipnlce decidu?e, 2 lin. longa^, 
 striata;. Petioli 2-pollicares, graciles, canaliculati. Folio- 
 turn terminale 2| poll, longum, lateralia minora, omnia utrin- 
 que pubcrula et subtus glandulis miminis creberrime punc- 
 tata. Racemi l-l|-pollicares, dcnsillori. Bracteolce stipulis 
 angustiores, sEepius rufescentes et rigiduli ; pedicelli suberecti, 
 1-2 lin. longi. Crt///.r 3 lin. longus, anguste campanulatus, 
 ])ubescens et glandulosus, laciniis subulatis tubo longioribus, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA, 313 
 
 inferiore cseteris triente majore. Vcxillum calycem superans, 
 
 oblungum^ basi biauriculatum ; alaj angustse, vexiilo bre- 
 
 viores, carinse breviori coh?ei*entes. 
 
 Closely allied to the East Indian R. densiflora, it differs 
 chiefly in its much smaller calyces. 
 
 The other W. Tropical African species are: 1. R. minima, 
 DC. from Senegambia and Guinea^ a common Tropical plant in 
 both hemispheres; 2. R. caribcea, DC, a West Indian plant, 
 found also in Senegal and Guinea, unless the species alluded to 
 under that name in African Floras, be rather the R. Me.mnonia ; 
 3. R. faginea, Guill. et Perr., from Senegambia, a species 
 which should perhaps be transferred to Eriosema or Arcyphyl- 
 lum ; and 4. R. argentea, Desv., from iVngola, which is entirely 
 unknown to me. 
 
 1. YiVioB&mdi glomeratum, Guill. et Perr. FL Seneg. 1, p. 216, 
 (sub. Rhynchosia). — Sierra Leone, Don; Cape Palnias and 
 Quorra River, Vogel; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 /Q. minor, ramis laxe \dllosis, foliolis vix pollicaribus. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 2. Eriosema spicatum, Hook. fil. ; molliter rufo-pubescens v. 
 glabrescens, caule suberecto, stipulis liberis lanceolatis vix 
 acuminatis, foliolis elliptico-ovatis obtusis, pedunculis folio 
 pluries longioribus apice racemum spiciformem ferentibus, 
 floribus reflexis, bracteis minimis, calyce obtuse 5-dentato, 
 legumine oblongo-obovato rufo-tomentoso. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Senegal. 
 
 Fruticulus pedalis, parce ramosus. Stipulce 2 lin. longse. Fetioli 
 poUicares. Foliola rigidula, sesquipollicaria, minute glandu- 
 loso-punctata, reticulato-venosa, nervis venulisque subtus 
 prominulis, lateralia terminali minora. Pedunculi semi- 
 pedales, stricti ; parte florifera 1-2-pollicari. Flores brevis- 
 sime pedicellati, arete reflexi, 4 lin. longi. Calyx breviter 
 campanulatus, 1 lin. longus, puberulus, sub lente glandulosus. 
 Vexillum oblongo-obcordatum, lamina basi biauriculata et 
 biappcndiculata, ungue brevi ; aire carinam subsequautes. 
 Legumen fere semipollicem longum, 2 lin. latum, tomento 
 niolli rufo subsericeum. 
 
314 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 3. ^riosema, podostachyuniy Hook. fil. ; caule erecto piloso v. 
 glabrato, stipulis liberis lanceolatis acuminatis, foliolis ovatis 
 acutis V. obtusiusculis pubcrulis v. supra glabratis, pcduncu- 
 lis folio pluries longioribus puberulis apicc raceiiium spici- 
 formem ferentibus, floribus reflexis, bracteis lanceolato-subu- 
 latis, calycis 5-fidi dentibus late ovatis acutis, leguminc 
 patentim sericeo-piloso. — Grand Bassa, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 Caulis tripedalis, strictus, basi perennis, rufo-fuscus, supernc 
 prsecipue patentim et retrorsum pilosus. Stipiilce 4 lin. longse. 
 Petioli pollicares, ssepius patentim pilosi et rufo-pubescentcs. 
 Foliola bipollicaria, viridia, subtus pallidiora, ad nervos pube- 
 rula, punctis glandulosis minutis confertis. Pedunculi 8-10- 
 pollicares, stricti, pilosi v. glabrati. Flores iis E. spicati 
 similes, vexillo absque apice rubris. Legumen late oblongum, 
 semipollicare, pilis patentissimis subsericeis villosum. Semina 
 nitida, ilavo nigroque irrorata, hilo elongato. 
 Near E. sjncatum, but a much larger plant, more or less 
 
 clothed with spreading hairs, longer peduncles, larger stipules 
 
 and bractere, and more pointed teeth to the calyx. 
 
 The E. cajanoides, (E,hynchosia Gidll. et Perr.) from Sene- 
 
 gambia, is the only other species of the genus known to be a 
 
 native of W. Tropical Africa. 
 
 Don has also described a Flemingia Guineensis, from Guinea, 
 
 but there do not appear any specimens in his collection. 
 
 1. Ecastaphyllum Broivnei, Pers, — DC. Prod. 2. j)' 211. — 
 Grand Bassa and Nun River, Vogel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 — A plant widely diffused over Tropical America, from the 
 West Indies to Brazil. 
 
 1. Dalbergia saxatilis, Hook. fil. ; inflorescentia excepta glabra, 
 foliolis 4-jugis oblongis utrinque rotundatis emarginatis 
 venoso-reticulatis terminali obovato, paniculis folio ter brevio- 
 ribus pilosiusculis, bracteolis parvis lineari -oblongis, calycis 
 late campanulati glabrati vix striati dentibus lateralibus bre- 
 vibus obtusis inferiore elongato, legumine elliptico-lincari 
 graciliter stipitato. — Sierra Leone, Do7i ; Senegambia, Heu- 
 delot. 
 
 Bamuli nitidi, obscure striati. Petioli 3-4-pollicares, gracilcs. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 315 
 
 Fuliola pollicaria, subtus glaucescentia. Calyx basi rotuii- 
 
 datuSj medio coustrictus. Stamina ut in congeueribus. 
 
 Oviila 2-3. Legumen 4-4^ poll, longum, 1-lj poll, latum, 
 
 breviter et laxe reticulatum^ membraiiaceum^ albidum, sti- 
 
 pite subpiloso 4 lin. longo. Semen in parte centrali suberosa 
 
 uniciim. 
 
 There are two other specimens in a very imperfect state, 
 
 which are either varieties of the preceding, or distinct species, 
 
 differing apparently in the calyx as follov/s : 
 
 /3. Donii, calycis glabriusculi basi obtusi dentibus lateralibus 
 longioribus obtusis. — Sierra Leone ? Don. 
 
 y. Ansellii, calycis puberuli basi acutiuscnli dentibus latera- 
 libus brevioribus acutiusculis. — Cape Palmas, AnselL 
 
 2. Dalbergia pubescens, Hook. fil. ; rufo-pubescens, foliolis 
 5-jugis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis utrinque obtusis basi 
 ssepe insequalibus, racemis axillaribus terminalibusque folio 
 brevioribus, bracteolis parvis, calycis late campanulati vclu- 
 tini dentibus latis acutis, ovario hirsuto. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Rami lignosi, cortice fusco, ramulis obscure angulatis. Petioli 
 3-4 poll, lougi, stricti. Foliola 1-2-pollicaria, coriacea, 
 obtusa V. emarginata, basi rotundata v. rarius superiora 
 angiistata, supra pilis sparsis puberula, subtus pilis rufis 
 densius vestita. Racemi l-ll-pollicares. Pedicelli l^-lineares. 
 Calyx 1 lin. longus, latiusculus, 4-dentatus, dente supe- 
 riore latiore emarginato, lateralibus latis brevibus subacutis. 
 Vexillum late oblougum, emarginatum, ungue gracili laminae 
 fequilongoj alse liueari-oblougai obtusse basi hinc hamato- 
 auriculatse ; carina bis latior. Filamentorum tubus more 
 generis bipartitus, antheris basifixis didymis. Ovarium longe 
 stipitatum, pedicello piloso. 
 Two other species of Dalbergia occur in Senegambia, the 
 
 D. melanoxylon, Guill. et Perr., and an a])parently undescribed 
 
 one in Heudelot's collection. 
 
 1. Drepanocarpus lunatus, Meyer. — DC. Prod. 2. p. 420. — 
 Grand Bassa and Nun River, Vogel; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 1. Pterocarpus esculent us, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 330. 
 
3 1 6 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ■ — Quorra Ri\'ci", at Aboh^ Vogel, who remarks that the fruit 
 is eaten by the negroes, and that the tree forms a thicket 
 along one side of the creek. It is found also in Senegal and 
 in Guinea. 
 The Senegambian collections contain also the P. erinuceus, 
 
 Poir. ; the P. lucens, Lepr., and a fourth apparently undcscribed 
 
 species. 
 
 OsTRYOCARPUs, Hook. fil. (nov. gen.) 
 
 Calyx breviter campanulatus, basi contractus, ore obscure 5-den- 
 tato. Vexillum late rhomboideum, ungue brevissimo lato, 
 glabrura, recurvum. Alee vexillum pequantes, oblongo-cultri- 
 formes, basi hiuc auriculata?, ungue gracili. Carina petala alis 
 conformia. Stamina 10, diadelpha, antheris ovatis. Ovarium 
 sessile, sericeo-pubescens, triovulatum, stylo glabriusculo 
 filiforme apice stigmatoso. Legumen orbiculare, plano-com- 
 pressum, coriaceum, margine seminifero incrassato canalicu- 
 lato, abortu monospermum. Frutex sarmentosus, foliis 
 impari-pinnatis, floribus paniculatis. 
 
 1. Ostryocarpus riparius, Hook. fil. — Sierra Leone and Fer- 
 Po, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Rami lignosi, cortice pallido verrucoso, uti folia glaberrimi. 
 Petioli stricti, teretes, supra sulcati, 4-8 poll, longi. Foliola 
 bijuga cum impari, opposita, 6-8-pollicaria, coriacea, petio- 
 lulata, oblonga, utrinqnc rotundata v. subacuta, reticulatim 
 venosa. Paniculce axillares terminalesque, petiolo requi- 
 longfe V. longiores, ramosse, ramis pubescenti-sericcis multi- 
 floris. Flores ilavidi, in ramulis propriis glomerati, pedi- 
 cellis ^ lin. longis. Calyx pubescens 1^ lin. longus, brac- 
 teolis parvis rotundatis appressis. Petala 3 lin. longa. 
 Legume?i in sicco atrum, 2 poll, longum, ut videtur inde- 
 hiscens, valvis planis obscure reticulatis. Semen immaturum 
 1 poll, longum, oblongum, in medio legumine situm. 
 This plant has the habit of some of the smaller-flowered 
 
 Lonchocarpi, but the stamens are distinctly diadelphous, and 
 
 the pod is remarkable. 
 
 1. Lonchocarpus Formosianus, DC. Prod. 2. p. 2G0. — Robinia 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 317 
 
 argcntiflora, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 353. — St. Thomas, 
 Don ; on the Quorra, Cape Pahnas, Graud Bassa, &c., Vogel. 
 From Senegal to Guinea, and thence to the east coast, 
 where it is said to be planted ; and if, as is probable, this be 
 but a mere variety of the R. sericeus, DC, it is an American 
 species not uncommon both in the West Indies and in 
 Brazil. 
 
 Am(mg the numerous species which have been collected 
 under Lonchocarpus, but very few have as yet been described 
 in fruit, and in those few so many differences are observable in 
 the pod, that almost each has been proposed as the type 
 of a separate genus. The present species, although one of 
 those on which Kunth^s Lonchocaiyus was originally founded, 
 has not the membranous wingless pod of L. latifolius and 
 macropJiyllus, which he described, nor the coriaceous wingless 
 one of Sphinctolobium virgiUoides, nor yet the curiously winged 
 one of Neuroscapha GuiUeminiana, but one in some measure 
 intermediate between those of the two latter. With the habit 
 and flowers of Neuroscapha, and a pod in general form like 
 that of the same genus, the broad wings are replaced by a 
 slightly prominent longitudinal nerve on each side of the 
 seminal suture. It is, therefore, safer for the present to leave 
 the genus Lonchocarpus entire, until a sufficient number of 
 fruits shall have been observed, to show whether these slight 
 modifications correspond with any real difierences in habit or in 
 flower. 
 
 2, Lonchocarpus ? macrostachyvs, Hook. fil. ; ramis foliisque 
 glabris, foliolis 5-7 oblongis obtuse acuminatis basi rotun- 
 datis coriaceis, panicula ampla multiflora, ramulis pedicel- 
 lisque brevibus velutinis, calycis velutini dentibus 5 brevibus, 
 bractcolis late ovatis, vexillo glaberrimo. — On the Quorra, at 
 Ibaddi, Vogel. 
 Rami ramulique lignosi, teretes, cortice pallide fusco verrucis 
 pallidis notato. Petioli 5-8 poll, longi, stricti, Foliola 
 6-8 poll, longa, 2\ poll, lata v. inferiora minora, basi inter- 
 dum subcordata, apice abrupte acuminata, acumine brevi 
 
318 FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 
 
 obtiiso, supra nitida, subtus sub lente interdum pills adpres- 
 sis subtilissimc sericca, nervis primariis subtus prominenti- 
 bus et reticulatim vcnulosa^ petiolulo 2 lin. lougo. Pani- 
 cul(E terminales v. laterales, ssepe pedales. Floras conferti 
 albo-virides, pedicellis 1 liu. longis. Calyx campanulatus, 
 curvatusj 2 lin. longus, deatibus obtusis. Vexillum late 
 obovatum, reflexum, basi biauriculatum, ungue gracili ; aire 
 vexillo a^quilong?e, lincari-oblongse, obtuspe ; carina paullo 
 major, obtusa. Filamentum vexillare ima basi liberuni. 
 Stylus fere ad apicem scriceus. Ovarium dense sericeuni, 
 4-ovulatum. 
 A very handsome plant, the racemes and calyxes nearly black, 
 
 with a velvety pubescence. The pod is unknown, and it is, 
 
 therefore, doubtful whether it belongs to Lonchocarpus or 
 
 Milletia. 
 
 1. Milletia macropJiylla, Hook. fil. ; (Tab. XXXII. XXXIII), fo- 
 liolis 11-15 oblongis subtus ferrugineo-pubescentibvis, stipellis 
 subnullis, racemo elongato thyrsoideo ferrugiueo-tomentoso, 
 calycis ore truncato vix dcntato, vexillo alisquc cxtus glabris, 
 carina apice villosa, filamento vexillari hinc ad medium adna- 
 to, legumine tomento brevissimo rufo-sericeo. — Fernando Po, 
 (cultivated), Vogel. 
 
 Arbor parva. Folia 1-2-pedaHa ; foliola opposita, 3-G poll, 
 longa, \\-2\ poll, lata, acuminata, basi angustata v. cuncata, 
 petiolulo S-J; lin. longo, nervis primariis subtus parallelis 
 prominentibus rufis. Pedunculi jam infra medium florifcri, 
 ramulis nodiformibus v. vix evolutis pluritloris inferioribus 
 remotis, summis approximatis. Flores quam in cajtcris spc- 
 ciebus niajores, purpurei, pedicellis 1-2 lin. longis. Calyx 
 ferruginco-velutinus, basi bracteolis 2 parvis appressis stipa- 
 tus. Fexillum pollicare, fere orbiculatum, basi late trunca- 
 tum, crassum, glabrum ; alae lineari-oblongfe, longe unguicu- 
 latje, vexillo paullo brenores ; carina petala alis subsimilia, 
 paullo latiora. Filamentum vexillare versus medium cum 
 cseteris connatum, basi apiceque liberum. Legumen lineare 
 V. lineari-lanceolatum, basi angustatum et brevdter stipitatum, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 319 
 
 plano-compressum, coriacco-lignosuni, ad suturam iitramque 
 
 prresertim seminiferam iucrassatum, 3-6-spermum. Semina 
 
 orbiculata, funiculo basi carunculato. 
 
 Notwitlistanding the colierence of the tenth stamen, we have 
 no hesitation in referring this plant to MiUetia, an Asiatic and 
 African genus, numerous in species, including the two which 
 Hochstetter has endeavoured to distinguish under the name of 
 Berrehera. The pod, of all the species where it is knoMTi, is 
 intermediate between that of the shrubby TephrosicB of the 
 section Mundulia, and that of Sphinctolobium virgilioides : the 
 valves adliere closely round the seeds till perfect maturity, when 
 the pod, in drying up, opens sometimes, if not always, in two 
 valves. 
 Plate XXXII. XXXIII. Fig. 1. wing of the corolla; / 2. 
 
 keel ; /. 3. stamens and pistil ; /. 4. pistil : all magnified. 
 jB. Aboensis, pube copiosiore, foliolis angustioribus, bracteolis 
 
 majoribus ramulis floriferis magis evolutis. — Aboh, Ansell. 
 
 — Very near the Fernando Po form, and not distinguishable 
 
 as a species. The specimens are, however, incomplete and 
 
 without fruit. 
 
 Besides the above, the Senegambian collection contains 
 several species of this and allied genera. Among them two, or 
 perhaps three, have every appearance of Mil etice, though 
 without fruit : a fourth, agreeing with Schumacher's and Thon- 
 ning's Robinia cyanescens, has a somewhat different habit : a 
 fifth, the Lonchocarjms laxiflorus, Guill. et Perr., appears to be 
 congener with the Abyssinian and Nubian Philenoptera ; and a 
 sixth, in flower only, is evidently the type of a new genus. To 
 some of the above may possibly be referable the Robinia multi- 
 flora, Schum. et Thonn., R. Thonningii, Schum., and R. Gui- 
 neensis, Willd., all three Guinea plants. 
 
 There is likewise one W. Tropical African species described 
 of the American genus Andira, viz. A. Africana, Guill. et Perr. 
 from Seneganibia. 
 Baphia, Afzl. Char. Gen. ref. — Calyx spathaceus, antice fissus, 
 
 postice integer vel 3-5-denticulatus. Corolla restivatio papi- 
 
 lionacea ; vexillum orbiculatum ; alpe ovato-oblongfe ; carina 
 
320 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 falcata. Stamina 10, libera, omnia fertilia, anthcris ob- 
 longis. Ovarium subsessile, pluriovulatuiii, stylo lncur\() 
 brevi apicc stigmatifero. Legumea oblongo-lineare, plano- 
 compressum, rectum (v, falcatum ?), valvulis coriaceis matu- 
 ritate dehisceutibus, mavginibus leviter incrassatis. — Frutices 
 V. arbores Africaure, Dalhousice affines, foliolis ad apicem 
 petioli solitariis, pedicellis axillaribus fasciculatis brevibus 
 unifloris apice bibracteolatis. 
 
 1. B. spathacea, Hook. fil. ; foliolis oblongis acuminatis caule- 
 que glabris, calyce subcoriaceo ferrugineo-puberulo, brac- 
 teolis ovatis. — Bassa Cove, Ansell. 
 
 Rami ramulique virgati, superne interdum leviter puberuli. 
 Foliorum petiolus semipollicaris, basi et apice leviter incras- 
 satus et articulatus, foliolum 3-4 poll, longum, 1| latum, 
 acuminatum, basi rotundatum, coriaceum, supra nitidulum 
 et obscure reticulatum, subtus pallidius, venis prominulis 
 retieulatum. Folia floralia supei'iora minora et caduca, et 
 flores in racemum bracteatum dispositos apparent. Pedicel/ i 
 per 2-4 fasciculati, 2 lin. longi. Bracteolte lineam longae, 
 calyci adpressa?. Calyx% emipollicaris, recurvo-adscendens, 
 acuminatus, apice obtusiusculus et integer, antice usque ad 
 basin fissus, extus pube ferruginea subsericeus. Petala 
 tenuia, glabra; vexillum calycem vix ?cquans, orbiculatum, 
 emarginato-bifidum, brevissime unguiculatum ; alai vcxillo 
 paullo breviorcs; carinse petala alis fequilonga sed latiora. 
 Ovarium villosum, apice attenuatum. 
 
 2. B. pubescens, Hook. fil. ; ramulis pediccllisqiie ferruginco- 
 pubescentibus, foliolo obovato-oblongo acuminato supra 
 glabro nitido subtus pubescente v. glabrato, calyce subcoria- 
 ceo puberulo, bracteolis orbiculatis. — In VogeVs collection, 
 without the precise station. 
 
 Rami teretes, superne praesertim parce pubescentes. Foliolum 
 2-3 poll, longum, 1-1^ poll, latum, apice in acumen lineare 
 obtusum productum, basi svibacutum ; in petiolo 2-3 lin. 
 longo articulatum. Infloresceniia B. spathacea, pedicellis 
 plurimis 4-5 lin. longis sessilibus v. rarius pedunculo coni- 
 muni brevissimo fultis. Calyx oblique obovato-oblongus 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 321 
 
 apice obtusus, tenuissime puberulus. Vexillum sessile, or- 
 biculatuiiij emargiuato-bifidum, calycem sequans; alse lineari- 
 oblongpe, vexillo sublongiores ; carinfe petala alls consimilia 
 nisi paullo latiora. Legumen (vbc maturum) 3 poll, longum, 
 9 lin. latum, rectum, stylo acuminatum, valvulis planis 
 coriaceis glaberrimis. Semina circa 3. 
 
 Differs from the preceding species in its smaller flowers, 
 
 with a less coriaceous calyx shorter in proportion to the petals, 
 
 besides the general pubescence of the branches. 
 
 3. Baphia hoematoxylon, Hook. fil. ; glabra, foliolis ovali- 
 
 oblongis acuminatis, calyce membranaceo glabro tridentato. — 
 
 Podalyria hoematoxylon, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 202. — 
 
 Carpolobia versicolor, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 370? — 
 
 Cape Coast, Don, Vogel ; also Guinea, Thonning. 
 
 Although we have no hesitation, at the suggestion of Dr. 
 
 Planchon, in referring the above three plants to the genus 
 
 Baphia of Afzelius, so imperfectly figured and described by 
 
 Loddiges (Bot. Cab. t. 367) ; yet we do not feel justified in 
 
 identifying the B. hoematoxylon as a species with the original 
 
 B. nitida, which is said to have pinnate leaves. Brunner (Flora 
 
 1840, v. 2. Beibl. p. 22), describes a plant which he supposes 
 
 may be B. nitida, which is evidently the Dialium nitidmn, and 
 
 can hardly be the one Afzelius had in view. Desvaux has 
 
 described, under the name of Delaria pyrifolia, a Guinea plant 
 
 which must belong either to the present or to one of the two 
 
 following genera. The calyx and inflorescence described by him 
 
 are those of Baphia, but the broad leaves and stipitate ovary 
 
 refer rather to Leucomphalus . The same author's Delaria 
 
 ovalifolia is probably very different. We know of no Brazilian 
 
 plant at all like it. 
 
 Bracteolaria, Hochst. Char. Gen. Calyx spathaceus antice 
 fissus, demum bipartitus, segmentis reflexis, sestivatione val- 
 vatis, integris v. postico bidentato. Petala subsequilonga, 
 calycem superantia ; vexillum orbiculatum, alee et carinse 
 petala ovata. Stamina 10, libera, omnia fertilia, antheris 
 oblongis. Ovarium subsessile, villosissimum, biovulatum, 
 
322 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 stylo incurvo glabro apice stigmatifero. — Frutices v. arbores 
 Africanpe^ Baphice similes, foliolis ad apicem petioli solitariis, 
 floribus pcdiccllatis ad axillam bvactea; solitariis in racemos 
 axillares v. ad apicem caulis paniculatos dispositis. 
 Though closely allied to Baj)hia, and like that genus very 
 
 near to Dalhousia, the differences in the calyx and inflorescence 
 
 induce us to maintain these genera as distinct, at any rate until 
 
 the fruit shall be known. 
 
 1. Bracteolaria jt>o/y^a/ace«, Hook. fil. ; puberula, foliolis ovali- 
 ellipticis acuminatis basi rotundatis cuneatisve supra glabra- 
 tis, calycis segmentis integris, bracteolis orbiculatis. — Carpo- 
 lobia dubia, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 370. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex scandens, ramulis puberulis, striatis. Petioli 1-2-pol- 
 licares, pilosiusculi. FoUolum 3-5 poll, longum, 11-2 poll, 
 latum, acuminatum, basi rotundatum v. subcor datum, pallide 
 virens. PaniciiIcB axillares et terminales, compositse e race- 
 mis gracilibus 2-3 poll, longis, puberulis. Bractece minutse. 
 Pedicelli sparsi, 1-2 lin. longi. Calyx 2 lin. longus, ante 
 anthesin ovoideus, obtusus, per anthesin fissus in segmenta 2 
 reflexa, membranacea, ovata, concava, extus puberula. Brae- 
 teolce calyci appressse, parvse, ciliatse. Petala subsequilonga, 
 calyce dimidio longiora ; vexillum sessile, late obcordatum, 
 reflexum, maculis luteis notatum ; alse patentes, late oblongse 
 obtusse, brevissime unguiculatse. Ovarium villosum, stylo 
 glabro. 
 There is another unpublished species of Bracteolaria amongst 
 
 Heudelot's Senegambian plants. 
 
 Leucomphalus, Benth. (nov. gen.) 
 
 Calyx demum bipartitus, segmentis reflexis, sestivatione valva- 
 tis integris. Petala subsequilonga, calycem superantia ; 
 vexillum late obovatum integrum; alse lineari-oblongaj ; 
 carinae petala alis similia nisi latiora. Stamina 10, libera, 
 omnia fertilia, antheris linearibus. Ovarium longe stipita- 
 tum, pluriovulatum. Legumen longe stipitatum oblique 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 323 
 
 semi-orbiculatum, subfalcatum, valvulis coriaceis convexis, 
 margiuibus vix incrassatis. Semina pauca vel solitaria, 
 funiculo in carunculum incrassato. — Frutex Africse tropicse, 
 Baphiae et Bracteolaria habitu similis. 
 1. Leucomphalus capparideus, Benth. — Planch, in Hook. 
 Ic. t. 784. (Tab. XXXI.) Fernando Po, in woods, Vogel. 
 Frutex e basi plerumque vamosus, ramulis gracilibus glabris 
 Isevibus. Folia glabra, unifoliolata. Petiolus |-l-pollica- 
 ris. Foliolum ovatum v. ovato-oblongum, acuminatum, basi 
 acutum V. rotundatum, 3-5 poll, longum, l|-3 poll, latum, 
 rigide chartaceum, nitidulum, reticulatum. Racemi v. pani- 
 culse axillares et terminales, ramis brevibus. Pedicelli breves, 
 secus ramos solitarii, sparsi. Bracteola; sub calyce parvse 
 orbicidatse. Flores niagnitudine Bracteolari<B polygalacece et 
 iis subsimiles. Legumen | poll, longum, 6 lin. latum, stipite 
 poUicari fultum, valvxdis glabris flavo-x'ufescentibus crassius- 
 culis. Semen ssepius solitarium, transverse oblongum, funiculo 
 brevi crasso fungoso. 
 
 This again is very near to the two preceding genera, and 
 especially to Bracteolaria, of which it has the calyx and inflores- 
 cence, but the pod is very remarkable, nearer to that of 
 Swartzia than of any other leguminous genus. The sestivation 
 of the corolla, however, leaves no doubt as to its place among 
 Sophore(P, near Baphia and the allied genera. 
 Plate XXXI. Fig. 1. calyx unopened; /. 2. flower (an inac- 
 curate representation) ;f. 3. anther ;/. 4. ovary. 
 1. Sophora tomentosa, Linn. DC. Prod. 2. p. 95. — S. crassifo- 
 lia, Duham., et S. littoralis, Schrad. DC. I. c. — S. nitens, 
 Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 201. — Cape Palmas, Vogel. — A 
 common sea-coast plant, both in the New and the Old 
 World. 
 1. Parkinsonia aculeata, Linn. — Frequent along the west coast 
 of Africa, as well as in East India, and in Tropical America, 
 from whence it is usually said to have been introduced to the 
 Old World. The occurrence, however, of a second species 
 amongst Zeyher's South African plants, would rather tend to 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 show that Africa may be also the native country of P. acii- 
 
 leata. 
 1. Guilandina Bonduc, Linn. — Cape Pulnias, Vogel. — Abun- 
 dant along the west coast, and like the Parkinsonia, found 
 
 also in Asia and America. 
 1. Csesalpinia imlcherrima, Sw. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 
 — Cultivated here, as in other Tropical countries, for the beauty 
 
 of its flowers. 
 
 An undescribed species of the Asiatic genus Mezoneurum 
 occurs in Heudelot's Senegambian collection. 
 
 1. Cassia Sieheriana, DC. Prod. 2. p. 489.— Cathartocarpus 
 conspicua, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 453. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Senegal. 
 
 2. Cassia l<svigata, Willd. — Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 19. — Sierra 
 Leone and Fernando Po (cultivated), Vogel. — An American 
 species found from Mexico to Brazil, but perhaps in some 
 instances cultivated. 
 
 3. Cassia occidentalis, Linn. — Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 21. — Abun- 
 dant along the coast, Vogel, Don, &c. ; common also in 
 Tropical America and East India, but often in cultivation 
 only. Among the numerous varieties observed of this species, 
 two occur most frequently in W. Tropical Africa, the one 
 with smaller leaflets, and shorter and sti*aighter pods, the 
 other with larger leaflets and longer cm'vcd pods. To the 
 latter form belongs the Chamcefistula contorta, G. Don, Gard. 
 Diet. 2. p. 452. 
 
 4. Cassia obtusifolia, Linn. — Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 24. — Fer- 
 nando Po, Cape Palmas, &c. ; abundant near habitations, 
 Vogel ; Senegambia ; frequent in Amex'ica. It may not be 
 specifically distinct from the E. Indian C. Tora, Linn., 
 which is also found in Senegambia, and other parts of West 
 Africa. 
 
 5. Cassia -465M5, Linn. — Vog. Syn. p. 50. — C. viscosa, Schum. 
 et Thonn. Beskr. p. 205. — On the Quorra at Attah, Vogel; 
 Senegambia, also Abyssinia and Egypt, and frequent in East 
 India. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 325 
 
 6. Cassia mimosoides, Linn. — Vog. Syn. p. 68. — Cape Coast, 
 
 and Accra, Vogel ; Cape Palmas, Ansell. Common along 
 
 the west coast of Africa, as well as in East India. Besides 
 
 the C. microphylla, Willd , and the other synonyms adduced 
 
 by Vogel, this species includes also the C. yeminata, Vahl, 
 
 described by Schumacher and Thonning. 
 
 The other W. African Cassice, are : C. Afzeliana, Vog. from 
 
 Sierra Leone, C. podocarpa, Guill. et Perr. from Senegambia, 
 
 and C. obovata, Linn., and C. micrantha, Guill. et Perr., both 
 
 of which extend from Senegambia to Egypt and Arabia. 
 
 The Cordyla calycandra from Senegambia, and the Sivartzia 
 marginata, Benth., from Angola, are the only known West 
 African species of the sub-tribe Sivai'tziea. The authors of 
 the Flora Senegambife had already recognized, in their addenda 
 to the first volume, that their Calycandra was congener with 
 Lom-eiro's Cordyla, but it does not appear that "Walpers was 
 justified in identifying the Senegambian plant with Lom-eiro's 
 East African species. 
 
 The Tamarind [Tamarindus Indicus, Linn.) is not uncom- 
 mon on the W. African coast, but most probably in cultivation 
 only. 
 
 1. Afzelia bracteata, Vog. MS. (Plate XXXIV. XXXV.) ramis 
 foliisque glabris, foliolis 4-5-jugis oblongo-ellipticis obova- 
 tisve obtusis supra nitidis subtus subglaucis, paniculis termi- 
 nahbus subsimplicibus cano-pubescentibus, bracteis ovatis 
 reflexis, petali summi ungue lobis calycinis triplo longiore. — 
 Sien'a Leone, Vogel ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 Arbor mediocris, ramis teretibus, ramulis pendulis striatis 
 verruculatis. Petiolus communis 3-4-poUicariSj supra obscure 
 sulcatus. Foliola opposita, brevissime petiolulata, 2-3 poll, 
 longa, 1-li poll, lata, coriacea. Panicula erecta, folio sequi- 
 longa, basi tantum divisa in racemos dense floridos, rhachide 
 bracteis calycibusque ut in A. Africana, pube brevi canescen- 
 tibus. Bradece 3-4 lin. longse, ovatcc, obtusse, diu persis- 
 tentes et per anthesin reflexse. Flores (teste Heudelot) pul- 
 chre coccinei et odorati, pedicellis suberectis quam bractea 
 subtendens paullo iongioribus. Bracteolce ad apicem pedi- 
 
326 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 celli bracteis similes sed paiillo minores. Calycis tubus 
 4-5 lin. longiis, cylindricus, lobi 4 lin. longi^ ovati, obtusi, 
 extus pubescentes, intus colorati. Petalum sumnnim seu 
 vexillum erectum, ungue demum ultra pollicem lougo pube- 
 \'\\\o, lamina late rotundata bifida ; petala lateralia minima. 
 Stamina 6-8, vexillo breviora. Ovarium stipitatura, oblique 
 lanceolatum, pubescens, in stylum filiformem incurvum 
 desinens, 8-10-ovulatum. 
 Plate XXXIV. XXXV. Fig. 1. flower;/. 2. pistil; both mag- 
 nified. 
 
 The original A. Africana, Sm., from Sierra Leone, gathered 
 also by Heudelot in Senegambia, has much larger leaves and 
 leaflets, and the flowers considerably smaller; a third unde- 
 scribed species was found by Heudelot in Senegambia, and if, 
 as is supposed, the Pancovia of Willdenow, from Guinea, belongs 
 to this genus, it constitutes a fourth species. 
 1. Anthonota, sp. n. ? — Sierra Leone, Don. The specimen is 
 not in a state to describe. 
 
 Besides the above and the original A. macrophyUa, Pal. de 
 Beauv., from Oware, there arc two other undcscribed species of 
 Anthonota, both in Heudelot's Senegambian collection. 
 
 Berlinia, Soland. (uov. gen.) 
 
 Char, Gen. — Alahastruni bracteolis 2 tandem bivalvatim apevtis 
 persistentibiis inclusum. Calycis tubus cylindricus, limbus 
 5-partitus. Petala 5,' summum longissime unguiculatum, 
 csetera lineari-spathulata, sessilia, calyci subfequalia. Sta- 
 mina 10, longe exserta, omnia fertilia. Ovarium stipitatum, 
 pluriovulatum, in stylum filiformem attenuatum. — Arbor 
 Africae tropicje Afzelia et Anthonotee affinis, ramulis pen- 
 dulis, foliis abrupte pinnatis, racemis v. paniculis sessilibus 
 terminalibus. 
 
 1. Berlinia acuminata, Soland. in Herb. Banks MS. (fide 
 Planchon in Herb. Hook.) — Bassa Cove, Ansell, also from 
 Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Arbor (fide Heudelot) 20-30-pedalis, ramulis pendulis glabris 
 Uovellis ferruginco-puberuhs. Foliorum petiolus communis v. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 327 
 
 semipedalisj subteres, glaber; foliola 3-4-juga brevissime 
 petiolulata, pleraque opposita v. subalterna, oblonga, acumi- 
 nata, basi angustiora at obtusa, saepius in?equilatera et sub- 
 falcata 4-7 poll, longa^ circa 2 poll, lata, coriacea, nitidula, 
 glabra, subtus reticulato-venosa. Racemi terminales, nunc 
 6-8-pollicares subsimplices nunc a basi ranaosi et breviores, 
 corymbum foliis breviorem formantes, pube brevissima canes- 
 centes. Bractece brevissimse, orbiculatse, ante anthesin caducse. 
 Pedicelli fere pollicares, rigiduli. Bracteolae pollicem exce- 
 dentes, ante anthesin clausse, alabastrum simulantes oblique 
 clavatum obtusum basi longe attenuatum, per anthesin apertse, 
 obovato-spathulatse, obtusissimse, crassse, intus extusque pube- 
 scentes. Flores albi, usque ad anthesin intra bracteolas om- 
 nino reconditi. Calycis tubus semipollicaris, glaber ; lacinise 
 paullo breviores^ oblougse^ obtusse^ fere glabrae, petaloidese. 
 Petalum summum 2-2j-pollicare, extus pilosvim, basi in un- 
 guem longum canaliculatum et subulatum angustatum, lamina 
 late orbiculata, profunde bifida, margine crispula ; lateralia 
 et inferiora inter se conformia, lineari-lanceolata, calycem 
 sequantia. Stamina basi pilosula, summum a cseteris dis- 
 cretum ; filamenta apice attenuata ; antherse ovato-oblongse, 
 versatiles. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, villosum. 
 Ansell's specimen has larger leaves and flowers, and a longer 
 simple raceme than Heudelot's, where the raceme is branched 
 and forms a panicle, and possibly the two may belong to distinct 
 species, although in every other respect they appear identical. 
 The fruit is unknown, and therefore its exact relation to the 
 two preceding African genera, Afzelia and Anthonota, to the 
 Asiatic Intsia Amhoinensis, [Outea bijuga, Wall. ?), and to the 
 American Eperua, Parivoa and Outea, cannot at present be 
 determined, although there is no one of these genera to which it 
 could be united more than to the other. The distinctions drawn 
 from the flower between the three African genera may thus be 
 shortly stated : 
 
 Afzelia. Flores jam ante anthesin e bracteolis exserti. Calycis 
 segmenta 4. Petala 1-5. Stamina fertilia 6-10. 
 
328 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Anthonota. Florcs ante anthcsin intra bracteolas inclusi. Ca- 
 
 lycis segmenta 4. Petala 1-3. Stamina fertilia 3-8. 
 Berlinia. Flores ante anthesin intra bracteolas inclusi. Ca- 
 lycis segmenta 5. Petala 5. Stamina fertilia 10. . 
 Schumacher and Thonning describe a species of Schotia, from 
 Guinea, under the name of S. simplicifolia, which is entirely 
 unknown to us. 
 
 Three species of Bauhinia are natives of West Tropical Africa, 
 B. I'ufescens, Lam., from Senegambia, found also in South 
 Africa and the Mauritius ; B. Adamoniana, Guill. et Perr., and 
 B. reticulata, DC, both from Senegal. The B. Thonningii, 
 Schum., appears to be a variety of the latter, distinguished by 
 the leaves slightly downy underneath, and the pods densely 
 covered with rusty down, it occurs both in Senegal and Guinea. 
 The Nubian B. tamarindacea, Delile, supposed by the authors 
 of the Flora Senegambire to be the same species, has a very dif- 
 ferent pod. 
 
 1. Cynometra Vogelii, Hook. fil. ; glaben*ima, foliolis unijugis 
 elliptico-oblongis utrinque obtusis apice emarginatis aveniis, 
 floribvis in racemos axillares fasciculatis breve pedicellatis 
 decandris, ovario villoso, legumine oblongo falcato rugo- 
 sissimo. — On the Niger, at the confluence, Vogel, Ansell ; 
 also in Senegambia. 
 Arbor teste Vogelio habitu Mali, nunc frutex arborescens (15- 
 20-pedalis ex Heudelot). Ramuli cortice griseo tecti ver- 
 ruculosi. Petiolus 2 hn. longus. Foliola 2-2| poll, longa, 
 9-12 lin. lata, plana, coriacea, eglandulosa : Gemmce floriferae 
 axillares, obtectse bracteis imbricatis ovato-cymbiformibus ob- 
 tusis scariosis ciliatis. Pedicelli graciles, 2 lin. longi, pube- 
 ruli. Flores 3 lin. diametro, rosei et odori ex Heudelot, albi 
 teste Vogel. Sepala 4, petaloidea, lineari-oblonga, subciliata, 
 extus puberula. Petala 4, patula, sepalis paullo longiora, 
 oblonga, obtusa. Filamenta pctalis dimidio longiora, antheris 
 parvis. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, uniovulatum, stylo 
 Ifeviusculo curvato. Legumen 1-1^ poll, longum, | poll, 
 latum, utrinque obtusuni, valde convcxum, dorso canalicu- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 329 
 
 latum, suberosum. Seminum testa tenuis, cotyledones siccse 
 
 atrse. 
 2. Cynometra ? tetraphylla, Hook. fil. ; glaberrima, foliolis bi- 
 
 jugis valde insequilateris obtusis coriaceis subtus reticulatis jugi 
 
 inferioris ovato-rotundatis, jugi superioribus niajoribus ovato- 
 
 oblongis. — Sierra Leone, on the ascent to the Sugar-loaf 
 
 Mountain, Don. 
 
 A single specimen, in a very imperfect state, without flowers 
 or fruit, but most probably a Cynometra. The lower pair of 
 leaflets are from half an inch to an inch long, the upper ones 
 twice as long. In one of the axillae are several of the scariose 
 bracts, which usually surround the inflorescence in the genus. 
 
 Heudelot^s collection contains a third undescribed species of 
 Cynometra, from Senegambia. 
 
 1. Dialium Guineense, Willd. — D. nitidum, Guill. et Perr. Fl. 
 Seneg. I. p. 267. i. 58. — St. Thomas and Sierra heone, Don ; 
 from Senegal to Guinea. All the flowers we have opened 
 have one petal, as observed by Bennett in his valuable notes 
 on the genus, PI. Jav. Rar. p. 136 et seq. 
 
 2. Dialium discolor, Hook. fil. — Codarium discolor, DC. Prod. 
 2. p. 520. — On the Quorra, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 Besides the differences in foliage mentioned by De Candolle, 
 the panicle is looser, with fewer flowers than in D. Guineense, 
 the ultimate cymes more compact, the flowers rather smaller, 
 containing two petals instead of one, and the anthers are nearly 
 sessile. 
 
 The Senegambian collections contain also two species of 
 Detarium : D. Senegalense, Gmel., and D. microcarpon, Guill. 
 et Pen'., and an vmdescribed species of the American genus, 
 Cr^idya. 
 1. Parkia Africana, Br. App. Oudn. p. 234. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don, and apparently frequent along the coast, 
 1. Erythrophleum Guineense, G, Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 424. — 
 
 Fillsea suaveolens, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. l.p. 242. t. 55. 
 
 — Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 1. Pentaclethra macrophylla, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 
 
 p. 330. — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
330 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The Entada scandens occurs among Heudclot's Senegambian 
 
 plants, and a second species from the same country is described 
 
 in the Flora Senegambise, under the name of E. Africana. 
 
 1. Piptadenia ? -4/^ncana, Hook. fil. ; iuennis, ramulis petiolis 
 
 inflorescentiaque puberulis demum glabratis, glandulis nullis, 
 
 pinnis 10-12 jugis, foliolis multijugis linearibus supra nitidis, 
 
 floribus glabris, ovario subsessili glabrp. — On the Niger, at 
 
 Aboh, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 Arbor excelsa. Folia iis P. communis simillima ; pinnse 2-3- 
 
 pollicares ; foliola 4 lin. longa, leviter falcata, obtusa v. acu- 
 
 tiuscula, basi valde obliqua, glabra v. minute ciliata, supra 
 
 nitidula, subtus subrufescentia. Spicce bipollicares, in pani- 
 
 culas axillares v. terrainales dispositse. Flores polygami secus 
 
 rhachin sessiles, albidi, cum staminibus 2 lin. longi. Calyx 
 
 brevds, cupuliformis, ore truncato leviter undulato. Petala 
 
 lineari-lanceolata, acuta. Stamina 10, antheris apice glandu- 
 
 liferis. Ovarium subsessile, glabrum, pluriovulatum. 
 
 These specimens, in flower only, can only be distinguished 
 
 from the Brazilian P. communis by the absence of all glands on 
 
 the petiole, and by the nearly sessile ovary ; characters which 
 
 may possibly prove not to be absolutely constant in the 
 
 genus. 
 
 Four other Mimosece, with glanduliferous anthers, are natives 
 of West Tropical Africa, viz. : Tetrapleura Thonningii, Benth.,* 
 from Guinea; Prosopis ? ohlonga, Benth., from Senegambia, to 
 which may perhaps be referred the Coulteria Africana, Guill. ct 
 Perr. ; Dichrostachys nutans, Benth., from Senegambia, ex- 
 tending through a considerable portion of Tropical iVfrica ; and 
 Neptunia uleracea, Lour., a common aquatic plant, both in the 
 New and the Old World. 
 1. IMimosa asperata, Linn. — On the Niger, Vogel. — Abundant 
 
 • In the Spicilegia Gorgonea, above, p. 131, Parlatore has given the 
 name of Tetrapleura to an Umbelliferous genus, not being then aware of 
 my having previously published the Mimoseous plant referred to in the 
 text under the same name. The volume of Hooker's Journal of Botany, 
 in which it is described, though published in 1842, did not reach Florence 
 till 1847.— (G. B.) 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 331 
 
 on the west coast, as well as in East Tropical Africa and 
 America. 
 
 1. SchrancMa, leptocarpa, DC. Proc?. 2. j^. 443. — Accra, Don; 
 Cape Coast, Vogel. — An American plant, not unfrequent in 
 Guinea and Brazil, the only species of the genus hitherto 
 found in the Old World. 
 
 1. Leucsena ^/a«ca, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4i. p. 416. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. — Cultivated here, as in many parts of 
 Africa and Asia. Its native country is probably either Tro- 
 pical America, or some of the islands of the Pacific. 
 
 1. Acacia Farnesiana, Willd. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, probably 
 cultivated here, as in other parts of Africa, Asia, America, and 
 the south of Europe. It is indigenous to America, and said to 
 be also a true native of East India. 
 
 2. Acacia Adansonii, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 1. p. 251. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don, judging from a very imperfect specimen ; 
 Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 3. Acacia Arabica, Willd., var. tomentosa, Benth. in Lond. 
 Jonrn. Bot. 1. p. 500. — On the Niger, Vogel; Senegal to 
 Egypt and Arabia, and thence to the East Indies. 
 
 4. Acacia ataxacantha, DC. Prod. 2. p. 459. — On the Quorra, 
 Vogel; Senegal. 
 
 5. Acacia, pentagona. Hook. fil. — Mimosa pentagona, Schum. et 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 324 ; fruticosa, glabra, aculeis plurimis 
 sparsis recurvis, stipulis lineari-lanceolatis striatis persistenti- 
 bus, glandula petiolai'i elevata, pinnis 6-10-jugis, foliohs ultra 
 20-jugis linearibus, capitulis globosis subpaniculatis, calyce 
 corolla parum breviore, ovario glabrato. — Cape Coast, Vogel ; 
 Guinea. 
 
 Very near to the Asiatic A. pennaia, but easily recognized by 
 the rigid stipules, from 2 to 4 lines long. 
 
 The other West Tropical African species of Acacia are A. Sie- 
 beriana, DC, A. Sing, Guill. et Perr., and Prosopis dubia, 
 Guill. et Perr., all three from Senegal, and most probably closely 
 allied to each other, if not forming but one species -, A. Seyal, 
 Delile, extending from Senegal to Nubia and Upper Egypt ; 
 A.fasciculata, Guill. et Perr., from Senegal; A. albida, Delile, 
 
332 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 from Senegal to Upper Egypt; and A. saccharata, Benth., 
 A. Verek, Guill. et Perr., and A. macrostachya, Reichb., all three 
 from Senegal. 
 
 1. Albizzia altissima, Hook. fil. ; ramulis petiolisque'feiTugineo- 
 puberulis, stipulis subulatis deciduis, pinnis 5-6-jugis, foliolis 
 8-multijugis lineari-oblongis in?equilateris glabris, glandula 
 in petiolo et inter pinnas supremas, pedunculis solitariis axil- 
 laribus, capitulis amplis multifloris, floribus sessilibus glabris, 
 calyce tubuloso 5-fido corolla dimidio breviore. — Cape Coast 
 and Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor ex Vog. altissima. Folia 4-6 poll, longa ; foliolis 4-5 lin. 
 
 longis, 1^-2 lin. latis, obtusis v. acutiusculis. Pedunculi gra- 
 
 ciles, in specimine solitarii (an tamen et fasciculati more 
 
 affinium occurrunt ?) pollicares. Flores albi. Affinis A. amarcB 
 
 et A. myriophyllae. 
 
 Besides the above^ the following Albizzia have been found 
 in "West Tropical Africa : A. Lebbek, Beuth.^ from Senegambia, 
 a common Asiatic and Egyptian plant, perhaps cultivated in 
 West Africa; A. rhombifolia, Benth., from Senegambia, which 
 may not be distinct from A. glaberrima, Benth., from Guinea ; 
 and A. ferruginea, Benth., extending from Senegambia to 
 Abyssinia. 
 
 The Calliandra porioricensis, Benth., is described by Schu- 
 macher and Thonning from Guinea, under the name of Mimosa 
 Guineensis. It is a Tropical American tree, frequently cul- 
 tivated for ornament in Egypt and other countries bordering on 
 the Mediterranean, and probably introduced into Guinea. 
 
 Two species of Zygia complete the list of West Tropical 
 African Leguminoscs : 1. Inga Zygia, figured by De Candolle, 
 and named by Walpers Zygia Brownei, although it may be 
 doubtful whether Browne's Jamaica plant be the same, and 
 
 2. Mimosa adiantifolia, Schum. et Thonn., which appears to 
 be identical with E. Meyer's South African Zygia fastigiata. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 333 
 
 XLVII. CHRYSOBALANEiE.* 
 
 1. Parinai'iuni excelsum, Sab. — DC. Prod. 2. p. 527. — St. 
 Thomas and Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegal. 
 
 The structure of the flower, both of this species and of the 
 P. Senegalense, has been accurately described in the Flora 
 Senegambise, but in the plates of both species the artist has 
 misrepresented several analytical details, especially as to the in- 
 sertion and arrangement of the stamens. 
 
 2. Parinarium curateUafolium, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis 
 oblongo-ellipticis obtusis basi insequalibus, novellis subtus 
 niveis, adultis concoloribus coriaceis margine undulatis supra 
 scabrellis subtus tomentellis, calycis vix insequalis laciniis 
 lanceolatis acutis, staminibus fertilibus circa 8 unilateralibus. 
 — On the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel ; Senegal, Heudelot. 
 
 Arbor mediocris. Ramuli teretes tomentosi. StipidcB lineari- 
 lanceolatse, caducissimse. Folia 2-3 poll, longa, 1-1| poll, 
 lata, margine undulata et obscure crenata, basi obtusa et 
 insequalia, petiolo 2-4 lin. longo eglanduloso, novella supra 
 puberula subtus niveo-tomentosa, adulta supra subglabra sub- 
 tus vix pallidiora. Paniculae 3-4-pollicares, tomentosse, cymis 
 laxe paucifloris secus ramos racemosim dispositse. Bracteee 
 ovato-lanceolatse, acuminatse, concavse, caducissimse. Flores 
 magnitudine P. excelsa. Calyx niolliter tom^entosus, tubo 
 basi hinc paullo amplior, laciniis acuminatis tubo sequilongis. 
 Petala ovata, calyce breviora. Stamina fertilia vix calyce 
 longiora, sterilia plm-a, brevia, valde insequalia. Ovarium et 
 stylus P. excelsce. 
 I describe this chiefly from Heudelot^s specimen, which is in 
 
 flower, with young leaves. VogeFs has only old leaves and 
 
 some peduncles, from which the fruit has fallen off, but I have 
 
 little doubt of both belonging to one species. 
 
 3. Parinarium polyandrum, Benth.; foliolis oblongis ovatisve 
 
 * This and the succeeding Orders have been entirely worked up by 
 Mr. Bentham, although he has generally been much assisted by the 
 previous determinations of most of the species in the Hookerian Her- 
 barium. 
 
334 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 coriaceis glabris nitidis basi biglandulosis, calycis subsequalis 
 crassi laciniis petalisque orbiculatis obtusis, staminibus uume- 
 rosis (circa 40) iu orbem fere coinpletam dispositis. — Ou the 
 Quorra, at Attah, Vogel. 
 Frutex arborescens, prsetcr inflorcscentiam glaber, ramis verru- 
 cosis^ ramulis brevibus. Stipulce ovatse, caducissimse. Folia 
 breviter petiolata, 3-4 poll, longa, 1 -2 poll, lata, apice obtusa, 
 basi cuneata v. rotundata, margine rccurvo, utrinque glaber- 
 rima j glandulis ad apicem pctioli sitis parvis scutelkeformi- 
 bus. Panicula termiualis, brevis, cymoso-ramosissimaj flori- 
 bunda, ramis crassis, brevibus, pubescentibus. Bractea or- 
 biculatse, caducissimse. Calyx fere 4 lin. longus, tubo crasso- 
 cariioso turbinato-campanulato subsequali, extus tomentoso 
 intus glabro ; lacinise 2^ lin. longse, ovato-orbiculatse, con- 
 cavse, obtusissimse, intus glabrae, extus pubescentes, restiva- 
 tione valde imbricatse. Petala orbiculata, calycem subsequantia, 
 caducissima. Stamina circa 40, fertilia, petalis plus duplo 
 longiora, basi in orbem completum disposita et brevissime et 
 oblique connata, ad latus pistilliferum floris dejecta, ad latus 
 oppositum rariora, sterilia tamen nulla detexi. Ovaria in 
 floribus 2 examinavi, in altero duo vidi in altero tria, distincta, 
 omnia lateri calycis adnata et villosissima, singula more generis 
 biovulata, ovulis dissepimento spurio sejunctis. Stylus inter 
 ovaria a basi eorum natus, glaber, adscendens, more generis 
 flcxuosus. 
 
 The multiplication of ovaries is singular among Chrysoba- 
 lanea, but may not be constant even in the species, as there is 
 but a single specimen and I could only dissect two unopened 
 flowers. The glandular leaves, fleshy calyx, and numerous 
 stamens, might at first suggest the establishmont of a distinct 
 genus, but in a Malacca plant gathered by the late Dr. Griffith,* 
 which has also coriaceous biglandular leaves and a similar calyx, 
 there are but about twenty-five fertile stamens, with somes hort 
 
 * P. Griffithianum, foliis oblongis acuminatis coriaceis glabris nitidis 
 basi biglandulosis, calycis subaequalis crassi laciniis petalisque orbiculatis 
 obtusis, staminibus fertilibus numerosis (circa 23) unilateralibus, sterili- 
 bus paucis minimis. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 335 
 
 abortive ones on the opposite side, forming a gradual passage 
 through Jack's and other Eastern species to the more common 
 forms of Parinarium. On the other hand, those species which 
 De Candolle had placed in his section Neocarya, characterized 
 chiefly by the stamens being all fertile, prove to have in fact 
 fertile ones on one side, and sterile on the other, as in Petro- 
 carya ; and the genus must, if at all, be divided on other prin- 
 ciples. 
 
 Taking as the essential character of Parinarium, among Chry- 
 sobalane<s, the spurious dissepiment which separates the ovules, 
 the species we are acqiiainted with may be distributed into three 
 sections, viz. : 
 
 §. 1. Petrocarya {Balantium, Desv.) Calyce sequali v. vix 
 gibbo, laciniis acutis, staminibus fertilibus ssepius paucis 
 (7-8 V. rarius 10-15.) — To this section belong the African 
 P. excelsum and P. curatellcefolium, the whole of the 
 known American species, (four from Guiana or the West 
 Indies, and three or four from Brazil), and most probably 
 among Asiatic ones the P. Sumatranum [Petrocarya, Jack.), 
 P. glaberrimum, Hassk., and P. scabrum, Hassk., which 
 three last I have not seen. 
 §. 2. Sarcostegia. Calyce sequali v. vix gibbo carnoso laciniis 
 obtusis, staminibus numerosis (25-40, rarius 11 ?), foliis 
 basi biglandulosis. — To this belong the Afi'ican P. poly- 
 andrum, the Asiatic P. Griffithianum, and possibly also 
 P. Jackianum, {Petrocarya excelsa. Jack.) which is un- 
 known to me. 
 §. 3. Neocarya. Calyce basi hinc gibboso-saccato, laciniis 
 obtusis, staminibus plurimis fertilibus (circa 15). — Con- 
 fined to the two following African species. 
 4. Parinarium macrophyllum. Brown, G. Don, Trans, Hort. 
 Sac. 5. p. 452. — St. Thomas and Sierra Leone, Don. 
 The leaves are as much as nine inches long and five broad, 
 closely sessile and broadly cordate at the base ; in other respects 
 they much resemble those of P. Senegalense. The down of 
 the stem, leaves and inflorescence, the inflorescence itself and 
 the flowers are so much alike in the two species as to suggest 
 
336 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 the idea that, notwithstanding the difference in the form of 
 the leaves, they may be mere varieties of one. 
 
 The P. Senegalense, Perr., has hitherto been found in Sene- 
 gambia only. 
 
 1. Chrysobalanus Icaco, Linn. — Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, 
 very common, Vogel; Senegal and Guinea, also in the West 
 Indies and in Tropical America, but possibly introduced there 
 from Africa. What is frequently mistaken for it is the C. 
 pellocarpus, which is truly indigenous and frequent in Tropical 
 America, and which, as well as the C. oblongifoUa, from the 
 United States, has a much less fleshy fruit than the African 
 species. 
 
 2. Chrysobalanus ellipticus, Soland. — DC. Prod. 2. p. 526. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 The C. luteus, from Sierra Leone, mentioned by Sabine, is 
 not amongst Don's plants. 
 
 Besides the above Chrysobalanea, no species of the extensive 
 Order of Rosacea appears to have been founded in West Tropi- 
 cal Africa, although there is scarcely another district of the 
 globe where it is not more or less numerously represented. 
 
 XLVIIL CoMBRETACEiE. 
 
 1. Tcrminalia (Catappa) glaucescens. Planch, in Herh. Hook. ; 
 foliis sparsis longiuscule pctiolatis ovali-ellipticis breviter 
 supra acuminatis basi obtusis v. inajqualiter acutis eglan- 
 dulosis nitidis subtus glaucescentibus, drupa samaroidea glau- 
 cescente ala longa apice retusa. — On the Quorra, at Attah, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Arbor mediocris, ramulis crassiusculis apice pubescentibus mox 
 glabratis. Folia secus ramulos sparsa, adulta semipedalia, 25-3 
 poll, lata, in acumen breve obtusum producta, basi ssepius 
 rotundata, interdum valde inpequaliter angustata, coriacea, 
 supra glabra et demum lucida, pube brevissima marginata, 
 subtus glaucescentia ad costam venasque primarias puberula, 
 cseterura glabra v. pilis brevibus conspersa; petioli l-l|-pol- 
 licares. Flores desunt. Pedunculi fructiferi axillares, polli- 
 cares, pubescentes, a medio ad apiccm cicatrices ostendunt 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 337 
 
 crebras florurn delapsoruui. Drupce samaroidese, stipite 2-3 
 lin. longo fultae, cum alis 1^-2 poll, longse, 7-9 liu. latse, 
 apice obtusissimse et seepe emarginatse,, basi rotundatse v. sub- 
 cuneatse ; drupa ipsa in media ala oblouga, sarcocarpio cras- 
 siusculo carnoso, endocarpio osseo. Semina pei'fecta non 
 vidi. 
 
 Two other species are mentioned as West African, T. ma- 
 crop f era and T. avicennoides, Guill. et Perr., both from Se- 
 
 negambia. 
 
 1. Conocarpus erecta, Jacq., /3. prucumbens, DC. Prod. 3. p. 
 16. — Sierra Leone, Vogel; on the Gambia, Don. 
 According to Vogel, the woody stems of this species spread 
 
 over the ground for a considerable space, sending up a number of 
 
 erect branches. 
 
 The Anogeissus Jeiocarpus, Guill. et Perr., is a native of Sene- 
 
 gambia. 
 
 1. Laguncularia racemosa, Gaertn. fil. — DC. Prod. S. p. 17. — 
 Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, Vogel. Also in Senegal, and 
 a common maritime plant in Tropical America. 
 The Guiera Senegalensis, Lam., extends from Senegal to 
 
 Cordofan. 
 
 1. Poivrea grandiflora, Walp. Rej). 2. p. 64. — Combretum 
 grandiflornm, Don, DC. Prod. 3. p. 21. — C. Afzelii, Don, 
 Linn. Trans. 15. p. 437. — Sierra Leone, Don, Whitfield, 
 Miss Turner; Munrovda, Vogel. — Fructus late 5-alatus. 
 Embryo 5-angulatus, cotyledonibus crassiusculis convolutis, 
 minus tamen quam in P. cuinosa. 
 
 It appears to have been by mistake that Don placed his 
 C. grandiflornm in his octandrous division of Combretum, for 
 although a tetramerous flower may have been found by chance, 
 by far the greater part, all indeed that 1 have seen, are penta- 
 merous, and the seed has the cotyledons certainly convolute. 
 The thorns in this and other Poivrece are formed of the lower 
 portion of the petiole, which remains attached to the stem, 
 becoming hard and prickly aft r the upper portion has fallen off 
 with the leaf. 
 
 2. Poivrea constricta, Benth. ; glabra in inflorescentiam pu- 
 
 z 
 
338 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 berula, spinifera, foliis obovali-ellipticis vix acuminatis basi 
 obtusis, spicis brevibus simplicibus confertifloris, bracteis sub- 
 nullis, calycis tubo adnato elongate, limbo infundibuliformi 
 supra basin in collum contracto, petalis cuneato-oblongis 
 extus villosis. — On the Quorra, at Aboh, often growing in the 
 water, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex erectus (ramis nunc sarmentosis ? ex Vog.) cortice albido. 
 Petiolo7'um bases persistentes indurato-spinescentes. Folia 
 alterna v. rarius opposita, adulta 3-4 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, 
 obtusa cum acumine brevissimo, basi rotundata v. rarius obso- 
 lete cordata, rigidule chartacea, utrinque viridia, reticulato- 
 venosa et creberrime minuteque punctata. Spices terminales, 
 rhachide vix poUice longiore puberula. Bractea minutissimse 
 V. omuino desunt. Flores pentameri, semel tamen etiam te- 
 tramerum vidi. Ovarium (seu calycis tubus adnatus) 3 lin. 
 longum, o-striatum, tenue, pubescens. Calycis pars libera 
 (lirabus seu fauces) infundibuliformis, 6 lin. longa, supra 
 ovarium inflata, dein in collum longum constricta, apice cam- 
 panulata et 5-loba, extus parce pubescens, lobis triangularibus 
 acutis sestivatione valvatis. Petala 1| lin. longa, coccinea ? 
 Stamina longiuscule exserta. Ovula 2, a funiculis longis 
 suspensa. Fructus non visus. 
 
 3. Poivrea con/erta, Benth. ; scandens, glabra v. vix puberula, 
 spinifera, foliis obovali-ellipticis acuminatis basi obtusis, ra- 
 cemis brevissimis multifloris in panicvilam capituliformem 
 confertis, floribus pedicellatis tubo adnato elongato limbo 
 tuboloso-campanulato, petalis late ovatis glabris. — In woods, 
 Fernando Po, Voffel. 
 
 Frutex super arbores volubilis. Ramuli et petioli juniores 
 minute puberuli, mox glabrati. Petiolorum bases persis- 
 tentes, indurato-spinescentes. Folia opposita, 3-5 poll, 
 longa, 2-2| poll, lata, chartacea, reticulata, utrinque vi- 
 ridia ct creberrime pu.ncticulata, petiolo semipollicari. Pa- 
 niculce fere corymbiformes, subsessiles v. ramulos breves ter- 
 minantes, 1^ poll, latse, e racemulis pluribus compositse 
 quorum rhachides vix 5 lin. longi. Bractece pai*vse setaceae. 
 Flores pentameri, breviter pedicellati. Ovarium (seu calycis 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 339 
 
 tubus aduatus) 2^ lin. longuni^ puberulum. Calycis limbus 
 (seu pars libera) glaber, 2^ lin. longus, dentibus breviter et 
 late triaugularibus. Petala cocciuea, linea breviora, fere orbi- 
 eulata. Stamina longe exserta. Ovula 2. 
 
 4. Poivrea comosa, Walp. Rej). 2.2). 64. — Combretum comosum, 
 G. Don, DC. Prod. 3. p. 20. — Ejusdem var. bracteis latiori- 
 bus quae Combretum intermedium, G. Don, et DC. 1. c. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 In both varieties the flowers are pentamerous, and in the 
 
 seeds of the first variety at least, the cotyledons are thin and 
 
 convolute. 
 
 The only other W. Tropical African species is the P. aculeata, 
 
 DC, from Senegal, which is also found in Cordofan. 
 
 1. Combretum spinosum, Don. — DC. Prod. 3. j'>. 20. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 The bases of the petioles remain on the branches, and harden 
 into thorns, as in most Poivrea ; but the flowers are tetramerous, 
 and the cotyledons fleshy and not convolute. As in all the 
 Combreta and Poivrea I have examined, the seed is marked 
 with as many angles as the fruit has wings, and even the 
 embryo is moulded as it were into the same form, for the angles 
 retain their position with regard to the seed, whatever be the 
 texture or arrangement of the cotyledons. 
 
 2. Combretum racemosum, Pal. de Beauv. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 
 20. — To the synonyms adduced by Guillemin and Perrottet 
 (Fl. Seneg. p. 285) must be added that of C. leucophyllum, 
 Don, DC. 1. c. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 3. Combretum fuscum, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; scandens, 
 inermis, ramulis inflorescentiaque ferrugineo-puberulis, foliis 
 oppositis oblongis ellipticisve breviter acuminatis basi rotun- 
 datis demum glabratis, spicis brevibus densis paniculatis, 
 bracteis minimis, calycis limbo tubuloso-campanulato, petalis 
 spathulatis limbo calycino pluries brevioribus. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel ; Grand Bassa, Ansell. 
 
 Frutex scandens, ramis teretibus v. ad nodos compressius- 
 culis. Folia majora 6-8 poll, longa, 24-3 poll, lata, apice 
 in acumen breve angustata, utrinquc siccitate fusca et 
 
 z 2 
 
340 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 glabra, superiora minora, floralia uumerosa parva, in vivo ex 
 Vog. alba et e longinquo nitentia, siccitate tamen pariter ac 
 cauliua fusca et opaca. PetioU omnino decidui, 2-4 lin. 
 longi. Paniculce breves, floribundse ; spicse ultimse peduncu- 
 latte, 6-8 lin. longre, floribus confertis. Bracteolx lineares, 
 crassse, 1-2 lin. longge, caducissirase. Flores tetvamcri. Ca- 
 lycis tubus adnatus brevissiinus, limbus 1| lin. lougus, disco 
 staminigero tomcntoso usque ad medium limbi attingente, 
 dentibus triangularibus acutis. Petala minima, glabra. 
 Ovula 2. 
 
 This agrees in many respects with Don's description of C. 
 mic7'anlhutn from the same country ; but he describes the flower 
 spikes as simple and axillary ; and if the Senegal plant referred 
 to Don's species in the Flora Senegambiaj be really his, it is 
 very different from ours in the petals and other details of the 
 flower. 
 
 4. Combretum cuspidatum, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; scandens, 
 inermis, ramulis infloresccntiaque ferrugineo-puberulis, foliis 
 oppositis ovali-ellipticis acuminatis basi rotundatis demum 
 glabris, spicis paniculatis, bracteis minimis, calycis limbo cya- 
 thiformi minute dcntato, potalis orbiculatis concavis integerri- 
 mis limbo calycis multo bvovioribus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 Frutex scandens, ramuli ad nodos compressiusculi, novelli uti 
 petioli et pedunculi fei-rugineo-pubescentes, demum glabrati. 
 PetioU 3- i lin. longi, cum foliis ex toto decidui. Folia nia- 
 jora semipedalia, 3 poll, lata, summa minora, omnia siccitate 
 supra fusca ct glabra, subtus pallidiora, glabra sed creberrime 
 glanduloso-punctata, apice in acumen semipollicare obtusum 
 abrupte producta, basi rotundata. Paniculce axillares v. 
 terminales, basi foliatse, apice nudse, semipedales v. longiores, 
 pluries ramosse, spicis ultimis 1-2-pollicaribus laxis. Brac- 
 teolce perpaucse adsunt lineares, parvse, crassse. Flores 4- 
 meri, parvi. Calycis tubus adnatus semilineam longus, hir- 
 sutus, limbus (seu fauces) cyathiformi-cam})anulatus, | lin. 
 longus, dentibus brevissimis. Petala semilinea breviora, 
 reflexa, glabra, concava, integerrima, vix unguiculata. Stamina 
 fere 2 lin. longa. Ovula 2. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 341 
 
 5. Combretum sericeum, Don. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 21. — C. her- 
 
 baceum, Don, I. c. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Stems herbaceous, simple, a foot, or a foot and a half high, 
 proceeding from a woody trunk, approaching in that respect to 
 the habit of the East Indian C. nanum. The flowers are gene- 
 rally tetramerous, but probably sometimes pentamerous, as 
 Don places the species in the decandrous division of the genus, 
 and I have occasionally seen one of the petals much broader 
 than the other, or even divided into two, with a very small 
 calycine tooth between the two ; but I have never observed more 
 than eight stamens. 
 
 Besides the above species, nine Combreta have been described 
 from W. Tropical Africa, viz. : C. mucronatum, Thonn., from 
 Senegal and Guinea, from which however must be excluded 
 C. intermedium, Don, which is a mere variety of Poivrea co- 
 mosa ; C. micranthum, Don, from Senegal and Sierra Leone ; 
 C. paniculatum, Vent., from Senegal, which is certainly distinct 
 from Poivrea comosa, referred to it by Guillemin and Perrottet; 
 C. ahum, Perr. ; C. glutinosum, Perr. ; C. chrysophyllum, Guill. 
 et Perr., and C. ni(/ricans, Lepr., all from Senegal ; C. tomen- 
 tosum, Don, from Sierra Leone ; and C. macrocarpon, Beauv., 
 from Oware. 
 1. Quisqualis ebracteuta, Pal. de Beauv. — DC. Prod. S. p. 23. 
 
 — Q. obovata, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 218. — On the 
 
 Quorra, Vogel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 XLIX. Rhizophore^. 
 
 1. Rhizophora Mangle, Linn. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 32. — Sene- 
 gambian coast, Don, and others. 
 
 2. Rhizophora racemosa, Mey. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 32. — Sierra 
 Leone and Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Guinea Coast, Herb. Hook. 
 Both these are American species, at least as far as the speci- 
 mens show, I can detect no diflferences. The Asiatic species, 
 some of which are found on the eastern coasts of Africa do not 
 appear any of them to have spread to the western coast. 
 
 1. Cassipourea Africana, Benth. ; glabra, foliis obovali-ellipticis 
 oblongisve apice rotundatis vel brevissime obtuseque acumi- 
 
342 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 natis integerrimis v. pauciserratis coriaceis. — Ou the Quorra, 
 opposite Stirling, Vogel. 
 Folia 2 V. raro 3 poll, longa. Inflorescentia C. ellipticce. Flores 
 desunt. Pedicelli fructiferi lineam longi. Ca/y^" persistens, 
 2^ liu. longus, coriaceus, glaber, ultra medium in lacinias 5 ob- 
 longas valvatim fissus. Capsula glabra, calyce brevior, obtuse 
 trigona, apice depressa, trivalvis, trilocularis, dissepimentis 
 membranaceis. Semina in loculis solitaria, (adjecto tamen ovule 
 abortivo) pendula, ovoidea: testa chartacea; albumen carnosum; 
 embryo albumini fere sequilougus, rectus ; cotyledones foliace», 
 late ovatfe ; radicula cotyledonibus sequilonga, ad hilum spec- 
 tans. Stylus in fructu persistens, flexuosus, apice incrassatus. 
 This may possibly be the species alluded to by Brown in the 
 Appendix to Tuckey's Congo, and named by De Candolle C. 
 Conge7isis, but not described. Without the flowers, (of which 
 the buds in the specimen are still in the earliest stage), this 
 plant can only be distinguished from the "West Indian C. ellip- 
 tica by the smaller and more coriaceous leaves. 
 
 Anisophyllum, Don, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Calyx liber v. basi breviter adnatus, cyathiformis, 4-fidus, lobis 
 pestivatione valvatis. Discus carnosus fundum calycis occu- 
 pans, inter stamina et ovarium glandulosus. Petala 4, 
 lobis calycinis alterna, disco inserta, biloba, lobis laciniato- 
 flmbriatis, laciniis subulatis apice inflexis. Stamina nu- 
 mcro petalorum dupla, disco inserta ; antherse versatiles, bi- 
 loculares, loculis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium tri- 
 lobum, triloculare, in speciminibus a me visis semiabortivum. 
 Frutices v. arbores, foliis stipulatis alternis integerrimis co- 
 riaceis, 5-nervibus, floribus secus pedunculos supra-axillares 
 sessilibus parvis. 
 
 1 . Anisophyllum laurinum, Don MS. ; foliis quintuplinervibus, 
 spicis ebracteatis. — Sierra Leone, Don; Senegambia, Le- 
 prieur, ex Herb. Hook. 
 
 Frutex v. arbor, partibus novellis pube rara minuta appressa 
 conspersis, demum glabratus. Stipulce lanceolatse, alise mi- 
 nim^e, aliw 2-3 lin. longse, caducissinuc. Folia adulta 3-4 
 poll, longa, 1-1 1 poll, lata, ovata v. oblonga, acuta, basi 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 343 
 
 ciineata, coriacea, siccitate flavescentia, opaca et impunctata, 
 costis 5 subtus prominentibus, quarum 2, ad basin attin- 
 gentes, ssepe fere marginales sunt v. cum margine confluunt 
 et vix conspicuse, 2 cum costa media paullo altius et insequa- 
 liter confluunt, venulis transversis numerosis. Pedunculi 
 prope basin innovationum supra axillas inferiores solitarii, 
 2-3-pollicares, tenues, jam infra medium usque ad apicem 
 interrupte floriferi. Bi'actece omnino deesse videntur. Flores 
 arete sessiles, 1^ lin. diametro. Calyx glaber v. minute pu- 
 berulus, ultra medium fissus in lobos 4 late ovato-triangulares, 
 sestivatione valvatos. Petala calyce paullo longiora, glabra, 
 ad medium biloba. lobis irregulariter fissis in lacinias subu- 
 latas quarum plerseque apice inflexse. Stamina petala sub- 
 jequantia, glabra, filamentis apice inflexis, antheris ovatis. 
 Ovarium disco impositum, villosum, depresso-trilobum et 
 obsolete triloculare ; nee ovula nee stylum detexi. 
 A remarkable plant, evidently allied to Cassipourea, not- 
 withstanding its alternate leaves and apparently polygamous 
 flowers. Its exact affinity cannot however be determined, until 
 the perfect ovary and fruit shall have been seen. A second 
 species,* with the same foliage and structure of flowers, but 
 unfortunately with the like imperfection in the ovaries in the 
 only flower I could examine, is among Mrs. General Walker^s 
 Ceylon plants. It difiers specifically from the African one in 
 the presence of small bracts, in the form of the petals and some 
 other slight points. 
 
 L. ONAGRARIiE. 
 
 1. Jussisea villosa, Lam. — W. et Am. Fl Penins. 1. p. 336. — 
 St. Thomas, Don. — A common East Indian plant. 
 
 2. Jussisea acuminata, Sw. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 54. — On the 
 Quorra, at Attah, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don. — A West Indian 
 species. 
 
 3. Jussisea linearis, Willd. — DC. Pi'od. S.p. 55. — Grand Bassa, 
 Voffel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 * Anisophyllum Zeylanicum ; foliis fere a basi 5-nervibus, spicis te- 
 nuiter bracteolatis. 
 
344 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The remaining Onagrariede described as West Tropical African 
 are Jussicca stolomfera, Lepr. et Perr., and J. altissima, Lepr., 
 Prieurea Senegalensis, DC, considered by Guillemin and Per- 
 rottet as another species of Jussicea, and Isnardia ^multiflora, 
 Guill. et Perr., all from Senegal. 
 
 LI. Lythrarie^. 
 
 There are no specimens belonging to this Order either in the 
 Niger collection or in those of Don from West Tropical Africa, 
 although no less than fifteen species are enumerated in the 
 Senegambian Elora, viz. : Ameletia tenella and elatinoides, (both 
 described under Ammannia), Ammanma filiformis,J)C, A. Se- 
 negalensis, Lam., A. aiiriculata, Willd., A. gracilis, Guill. et 
 Perr., A. salsuginosa, Guill. et Perr., A. floribunda, Guill. et 
 Perr. J A. pruinosa, Guill. et Perr., A. crassicauUs, Guill. et 
 Perr., A. aspera, Guill. et Perr., Nesea erecta, radicans and 
 Candollei, Guill. et Perr., and Laiusonia alba, Lam. 
 
 LIL Tamarisein,e. 
 
 This small Order or genus is also, in West Tropical Africa, 
 as far as hitherto known, confined to Senegambia, from whence 
 a species has been described under the name of Tamarix Se7ie- 
 galensis, but which is probably, as suggested by Webb, a mere 
 variety of the T. Gallica, so widely diffused over South Europe, 
 North Africa, and the temperate regions of Asia. 
 
 LIIL Melastomace.e. 
 
 Nearly the whole of the West African plants of this Order 
 belong to the tribe Osbeckiece, and though hitherto chiefly 
 referred to the two Asiatic genera, Osbeckia and Melastoma, 
 a closer examination shows them to belong to groups, generic 
 or sectional, perfectly distinct from both the Asiatic and Ameri- 
 can ones, although perhaps nearer allied to the former. The 
 chief characters which separate them from Osbeckia and Melas- 
 toma, as now limited, will be best seen from the following 
 eynopsis : 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 345 
 
 Osbeckia.^ Calycis lacinise deciduse, appendicibus squamse- 
 formibus setosis in tiibo sparsis. Antherfe uniformes. Cap- 
 sula loculicide dehiscens. — (Sect. 1. Osbeckia. Species 
 AsiaticEBj antheravum loculo in filameutum subsessili connec- 
 tive ad insertionem biauriculata. — Sect. 3. Podocalia. Species 
 Africanse, antherarum loculo in filamentuin stipitato mediante 
 connectivo basi breviter producto.) 
 
 Dissoiis. Calycis lacinipe deciduse, appendicibus squamseformi- 
 bus setosis in tubo sparsis. Antherse biformes. Capsula 
 loculicide dehiscens. Species Africanse. 
 
 Heterotis. Calycis lacinise persistentes, appendicibus squamse- 
 formibus vel in tubo sparsis vel sub limbo numero definite in 
 annulum dispositis v. omnino nullis. Antherse biformes. 
 Capsula loculicide dehiscens. Species Africanfe. 
 
 Tristemma. Calycis lacinise persistentes, tubo ciliaruni annulis 
 1-5 cincto V. nudo. Antherje uniformes. Capsula irregula- 
 riter disrupta. Species Africanse. 
 
 Melastoma. Calycis lacinia? decidu?e^ tubo squamis paleaceis 
 setisve imbricatis obtecto. Antherse biformes. Capsula irre- 
 gulariter disrupta. Species Asiaticse. 
 In all the African species of the above genera, excepting the 
 
 Senegambian plants of doubtful affinity mentioned below, I have 
 
 always found the flowers pentamerous; in several of the Asiatic 
 
 ones, especially among the Osbeckia, they are tetramerous or 
 
 variable. 
 
 1. Osbeckia tubulosa, Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 143. 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 
 Caulis adscendens, 1-2-pedalis, annuus (nee fruticosus). Flores 
 pauci, subsessiles, ssepe in spicam interruptam unilateralem 
 aphyllam dispositi. Bractea ovatse, acutse, membranaceo- 
 scariosse v. coloratse, calyce multo breviores, deciduse. Squamce 
 calycis breves, apice palmatim setosse, duas tertias calycis ob- 
 
 * It will be observed that I do not concur entirely with M. Ch. 
 Naudin in his generic character of Osbeckia, given above, p. 130, which 
 in several points is not applicable to the majority of the Asiatic species. 
 These, whether as genera or sections, must surely be distinguished from 
 the majority at least of the American ones. 
 
346 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 tegentes, calycis collo subnudo. Lacinia calycinee, petala, et 
 
 stamina caducissima. Anthera erostres, uniporosse, uni- 
 
 formes, connectivo infra loculum breviter producto, in fila- 
 
 nientum articiilato, ad insertionem subintegro. 
 
 Although, as ah-eady stated, this plant may be separated 
 
 from the Asiatic Osbeckice by the form of the connectivum of 
 
 the anther, yet this character is so slight, and the anthers of 
 
 some of the Asiatic species are as yet so little knowTi, that I 
 
 have preferred considering it as forming with the following 
 
 species a section of Osbeckia to establishing it as a distinct 
 
 genus. The form of the calyx brings it nearest to those 
 
 species which Korthals proposes to separate under the name of 
 
 Ceramiocalyx, on account of characters which do not appear to 
 
 me to be either definite or constant enough to found a genus. 
 
 2. Osbeckia multijiora, Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 
 
 143. — ]\Ielastoma Afzelianum, Don, in Trans. Wern. Soc. — 
 
 DC. I. c. p. 147. — Sierra Leone, Do7i. 
 
 Tlie stem of this species, although hard, is probably herba- 
 ceous, not frutescent. I have been able to examine the anthers 
 but very imperfectly, on account of the insufficiency of the 
 specimens. 
 
 The Osbeckia Senegambiensis, Guill. et Perr,, from Sene- 
 gambia, if the anthers are really all equal and similar, is pro- 
 bably a third species of this group, the two small appendages, 
 mentioned as being on the filaments near the summit, being 
 probably the extremity of the connectivum where it is inserted 
 on the filament. 
 
 DissoTis, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Calyx ovoideo-tubulosus, ovario mediantibus costis adnatus v. 
 demum liber, limbi lacinise 5, deciduse, apice pluri-setosse ; 
 squamse palmatim setosse in tubum sparsse v. subseriatim dis- 
 posita. Petala 5, ampla. Stamina 10, anthcris lineari-fal- 
 catis rostratis uniporosis, 5, petalis opposita, connectivo lon- 
 gissimo filiformi postice in appendices 2 tenues producto, 5, 
 laciniis calycinis opposita, anthcris dimidio minoribus connec- 
 tivo brc\i sed paritcr filiformi et bicalcarato. Ovarium disco 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 347 
 
 setoso coronatum, 5-loculare. Stylus sequalis v. superne le- 
 viter incrassatus, apice truncato-dilatatus et stigmatosus. Cap- 
 sula calyce inchisa, fere libera, 5-locularis, valviilis 5 loculi- 
 cide dehiscens. Semina numerosa, eochleata. — Herba Afri- 
 cana, erecta, habitu Choetogastris Americanis approximans. 
 
 1. Dissotis grandiflora, Benth. — Osbeckia grandiflora, Sm. in 
 Rees' Cycl. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 143. — Melastoma elongatuui, 
 Don, in Mem. TVern. Soc. — DC. I. c. p. 147. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don; and apparently the same species in Heudelot's Sene- 
 gambian collection. 
 
 Radix ex Don tuberosa. Caules stricti, parum ramosi, 1-1|- 
 pedales. Bradece scarioso-membranacere, calyce multo bre- 
 viores. Calycis tubus 4 lin. longus, squamis vix seriatis ; 
 lacinise 3 lin. longse, anguste oblongse, rigidule subscariosse, 
 margine ciliolatse, apice stellato-setosse. Flores ampli. An- 
 therarum majorum loculus fere 5 lin. longus, connective 
 semipollicari sustensus. 
 The very long connectivum and dissimilar anthers are the 
 
 chief points which distinguish this plant from Osbeckia. 
 
 Heterotis, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Calycis tubus ovatus v. oblongus, ovario mediantibus costis 
 adnatus v. demum liber ; limbi lacinise 5, persistentes, mem- 
 branacete, reflexse, apice uni- pluri-setosse ; squamse seti- 
 ferse in tubo sparsse, vel sub limbo numero definito (calycis 
 laciniarum tequali v. duplo) in annulum dispositse v. omnino 
 deficientes. Petala 5, ampla. Stamina 10, antheris lineari- 
 falcatis subrostratis uniporosis, 5, petalis opposita, connective 
 elongato filiformi postice in appendices 2 obtusas v. in unam 
 biiidam producto, 5, laciniis calycinis opposita, antheris mi- 
 noribus, connectivo brevi postice leviter emarginato. Ovarium 
 disco setoso coronatum, 5-loculare. Stylus sequalis v. su- 
 peiTie leviter emarginatus, apice truncatus stigmatosus. Cap- 
 sula calyce inclusa, fere libera, 5-locularis, valvulis 5 loculicide 
 dehiscens. Semina numerosa, eochleata. — Herbce suffruti- 
 cesve Africanse, procumbentes v. ascendentes, rarius crectse. 
 Flores terminales, solitarii v. capitati. 
 
346 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 §. 1. Floribus solitariis v. distinclis, intra bracteas parvas 
 sape deciduas breviter pedicellatis, squamis in tubo calycis 
 sparsis. — Heterotis. 
 
 1. Heterotis Icevis, Benth. ; glabra, procumbens, folii^ ovatis or- 
 biculatisve, floribus solitariis, calycis squamis sparsis paucis 
 parvis 1-3-setosis, snmmis cum laciniis calycinis alternantibus. 
 — On the Nun, Vogel. 
 
 Caules l-2-i}eclales, basi humifusi et radicantes, ramis breviter 
 adscendentibus, prseter cilias interpetiolares glaberrimis. Folia 
 semipollicaria vel raro fere pollicaria, acutiuscula, basi acuta 
 rotundata v. subtruncata, integerrima, membranacea, glabra, 
 trinervia v. rarius sub-5-nervia, petiolo gracili 3-6 lin. longo 
 glabro nudo v, parce setoso, linea setarum utrinque cum 
 petiolo opposito juncto more plerumque Osbeckiai'um. Flores 
 ad apices ramulorum solitarii, majusculi, intra folia summa 
 approximata et bractearum par par\ um pedicello lineam longo 
 fulti. Calycis tubus ovoideus, 4 lin. longus, basi attenuatus, 
 sub limbo leviter contractus, membrauaccus ; squam?e in tubo 
 sparsffi paucse, plerjeque ad setam simplicem v. tripartitam 
 reductse, 5 summse laciniis calycinis alternantes paullo ma- 
 jores palmatim trisetiferpe ; lacinise limbi anguste lanceolatpe, 
 tubo fere pequilongse, reflexse, margine minute ciliolata', apice 
 unisetse. Petala late obovata, purpurea, (8-9 lin. longa). 
 Stamimim filameuta laciniis calycinis subncquilonga ; connectiva 
 majorum loculo sequilonga, appendicibus posticis dilatatis | 
 lin. longis, minorum vix latitudine loculi longiora; loculus 
 ipse 4 lin. longus. Capsula calyce paullo aucto inclusa, 
 supra medium sparse pilosa et annulo pilorum seu setarum 
 coronata, basi plus minus calyci adhserens, superne loculicide 
 dehiscens. 
 2. Heterotis J»/^^mo5a, Benth.; procumbens, foliis ovatis subor- 
 biculatisve cauleque pilosis, floribus solitariis, calycis squamis 
 sparsis numerosis plumoso-setosis summis cum laciniis caly- 
 cinis alternantibus. — Melastoma plumosum, Don, in Mem. 
 Wern. Soc. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 147. — Osbcckia rotundifolia, 
 Sm. in Rees' Cycl. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 143. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel; Accra, Don. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 349 
 
 Habitus et foliorum forma H. lavis, sed tota planta piloso- 
 setosa, calyces breviores, squamae numerosse setis numerosis 
 plumosse quarum summse stellatim dispositse, lacinise limbi 
 longius ciliatre. Flores rubri. 
 
 3. Heterotis prostrata, Benth. ; caule procumbente strigoso- 
 pubescentCj foliis ovatis oblongisve glabriusculis, floribus 
 solitariis, calycis squamis numerosis sparsis ciliatis apice stel- 
 lato-setosis, summis cum laciniis calyciuis alternantibus. — 
 IMelastoma prostrata, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 220, — On 
 the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel ; Guinea. 
 
 JRami elongati, pube in parte inferiore fere pulveracea, superne 
 
 strigosa. Folia l-ll-pollicaria, utrinque acutiuscula, mem- 
 
 branacea, trinervia v. rarius 5-nervia, nervis basi petioloque 
 
 tenui strigoso-setosis, cjeterum glabra. Calyces magnitudine 
 
 eorum H. Icevis, sed obtecti squamis numerosis linearibua 
 
 plumoso-ciliatis. Petala (ex Vog.) carnea. 
 
 The Melastoma decumbens, Pal. de Beauv. Fl. Oiv. et Ben. v. 
 
 1, p. 69. t. 21, or Osbeckia decumbens, DC, is evidently another 
 
 species of Heterotis, belonging probably to the present section, 
 
 but the details of his figure and description are too vague and 
 
 too little to be relied on to establish the characters satisfactorily 
 
 without seeing his specimens. 
 
 §. 2. Floribus solitariis v. distinctis intra bracteas parvus bre- 
 vissime pedicellatis, calycis squamis 10 sub limbo in annulum 
 dispositis. — Cyclostemma. 
 
 4. Heterotis antenn'ma, Benth. ; caule decumbente setoso-ci- 
 liato, foliis laaceolatis ovatisve, petiolo dilatato longe ciliato, 
 floribus paucis distinctis, calycis squamis 10 sub limbo in 
 annulum dispositis longe pectinato-ciliatis. — Osbeckia an- 
 tennina, Sm. in Bees' Cycl. — DC. Prod. d. p. 143. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 Caulis ut videtur humilis, basi decumbens, superne divaricato- 
 ramosus, setis longis prsesertim ad nodos ciliatus. Folia 1-3- 
 pollicaria, supra setis longis hirsuta, subtus glabriora. Flores 
 ssepius gemini v. terni, intra bracteas parvas et folia summa 
 approximata brevissime pedicellati. Calycis tubus prseter 
 
350 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 squamanim annulum omnino glaber et Isevis, membranaceusj 
 fere omnino ab ovario libei* ; squamse lineares, basi dilatatse, 
 lacinias calycinas sfcpius sequantes v. superantcs ; lacinijc 
 parce ciliatse, apice paucisetre. Stamina et fructus omnino 
 prsecedentium. 
 
 §. 3. Floribus solitarits v. distinctis singulis hracteis scariosis in- 
 volutis, calyce Icevi nuilo. — Leiocalyx, Planch, in Herb. Hook. 
 
 5. Hcterotis segregata, Benth. ; sufFruticosaj appresse strigil- 
 losa, foliis oblongis subovatisve 5-nei'vibus, floribus ad apices 
 ramulorum 1-3-nis distinctis, singulis bracteis scariosis invo- 
 lutis, calyce la?vi nudo. — On the Nun and at Aboh, Vogel ; at 
 the confluence, Ansell. 
 
 Caulis basi frutescens subbipedalis ; rami (erecti ?) tetragoni, 
 uti folia strigis arete appressis adnatisque* parum conspicuis 
 obtecti ; cilise intrapetiolares breves v. obsolete. Folia 2-4 
 poll, longa, 8-18 lin. lata, acutiuscula, v. breviter acumi- 
 nata, basi rotundata v. acutiuscula, rigidule membranacca, 
 strigis paginse superioris longioribus arcuatis, inferioris ra- 
 mealibus similibus ; costse subtus valde prominentes. Flores 
 ad apices ramulorum 1-3, singuli brevissime pedicellati v. 
 sessiles, at non capitati. Bracteee 4, scariosse, brunnese, per 
 paria opposite et imbricantes, calycis tubum aequantes v. 
 paullo breviores et eum arete includentes, obovatse, concavai, 
 truncatfe, glabrae, Iseves; adsunt etiam interdum 2 extcriores 
 angustiores longiores et laxiores subfoliacese et dorso strigil- 
 losse. Intra bracteas ciliee nonnull?e observantur ut in pie- 
 risque affinibus, calycis basin cingentes sed e receptaculo 
 seu pedicelli summitate nee e calyce ipso ortre. Calyx cseterum 
 omnino nudus, tubus oblongo-ovoideus fere semipoUicaris, 
 sub limbo contractus ; limbi lacinise lanceolatae, acutae, mar- 
 gine ciliolata?, reflexse, vix 3 lin. longse. Petala perfecta mihi 
 desunt, sed ex alabastro ampla videntur, et sec. Vog. ])ur- 
 
 * In a large number of Mdastomacecc, the hairs of the up})er side of 
 the leaves and of other parts, where they appear to be appressed, are in 
 fact adnate in the greater part of their length. 
 
FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 351 
 
 purea sunt. Capsula calyce parum aucto inclusa, loculicide 
 dehiscens, calycis tubo membranaceo irregulariter disrupto 
 obtecta. Semina numerosissima, minuta. 
 §. 4. Florihus capitatis, cum bract eis scariosis calyces includen- 
 tibus intermixtis, calyce tubo nudo v. squamis paucis stellato- 
 setosis in tubo sparsis. — Wedeliopsis, Planch, in Herb. 
 Hook. 
 
 6. Heterotis the<Bfol%a, Benth. ; caule erecto glabro v. ad 
 angulos scabi'o, ciliis intrapetiolaribus longis rigidis, foliis 
 oblongis, novellis pilosis, floribus capitatis bracteis scariosis 
 involutis, calyce Isevi nudo. — Melastoma theeefolia, G. Don, 
 Gard. Diet. 2. p. 764. — Sierra Leone, Don ; a single very im- 
 perfect specimen. 
 
 Caulis validus, cortice albo Isevissimo, angulis solis exasperatis. 
 Folia novella jam pollicaria, ciliis interpetiolaribus usque ad 
 4 lin. longis, adulta desunt, Flores in capitulo ultra 6, arete 
 imbricati, bracteis calyces sequantibus intermLxti, nil tamen 
 superest nisi capsulse 6-7 lin. longse, calycium bractearumque 
 reliquiis obtectse. 
 
 7. Heterotis cornifolia, Benth. ; caule subglabro, ciliis inter- 
 petiolaribus tenuibus, foliis brevissime petiolatis oblongis 5- 
 ner\dbus parce strigosis ad costas ciliatis, floribus capitatis 
 bracteis scariosis involutis, calycis tubo versus medium 
 squamis paueis stellato-setosis onusto, laciniis glabris. — Grand 
 Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Buffrutex videtur, ramulis plerisque glabris etiam ad angulos 
 Isevibus, ciliis interpetiolaribus paucis 1-2 lin. longis. Folia 
 bipollicaria, acuta, basi rotundata et in petiolum vix lineam 
 longum contracta. Capitula pauciflora, intra folia suprema 
 sessilia. Bractea latse, calyce longiores, apice subfoliaceae, 
 dorso costatse et secus costam setosse. Calycis tubus ovoideo- 
 oblongus, 7 lin. longus, sub limbo contractus ; squamse se- 
 tosse interdum ad setam unicam reductse paucse, in zona 
 calycis medium circumdante sparsse ; linibi lacinise lanceolatse, 
 acutse, glabrae et vix ciliolatse, fere 3 lin. longse. Corolla 
 ampla, rubro-purpurea. Stamina quam in affinibus ma- 
 jora, antheris longiuscule rostratis. Capsula calycis tubo 
 
352 FLORA NIGRITIANA.. 
 
 inclusa et eo brevior, annulo pilorum more affiniuni co- 
 ronata. 
 
 8. Hetcrotis Vogelii, Bcnth. ; cmile minute strigilloso ciliis 
 interpetiolaribus parvis, foliis petiolatis ovatis 5-7-nervibus 
 supra sparse strigosis subtus pallidis subnudis, floribus capi- 
 tatis bracteis subfoliaceis iuvolucratis, calycis tubo nudo laciniis 
 ad costam strigillosis. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, 
 
 Caidis basi lignosus, laxe flexuoso-ramosus. Folia pauca, dis- 
 tantia vel ad apices ramorum approximata, 2-3-pollicaria, 
 subtus siccitate pallida v. albido-flavicautia. Flores in capi- 
 tulo pauci, bracteis vel omnino foliaccis vel basi plus minus 
 scarioso-dilatatis involucrati, majusculi sed minores quam in 
 speciebus pra?cedentibus. CaJycis tubus ovoidco-globosus, 
 vix 5 lin. longus, basi ciliis numerosis circumdatus, ipse tamen 
 nudus ; lacinige 4 lin. longae, acute acuminata!, margine mi- 
 nute ciliolatse, dorso percursse costa strigoso-ciliata. 
 There is an imperfect specimen in the Senegambian collection 
 which Dr. Planchon considers as belonging to the same species, 
 although it appears to have rather smaller flowers. 
 
 9. Heterotis capitata, Benth. ; caule pubescente, foliis breviter 
 petiolatis late ovatis 5-nervibus supra sparse strigosis subtus 
 glabriusculis pallidis, floribus capitatis bracteis scariosis v. 
 apice foliaceis involucratis, calycis tubo nudo laciniisque gla- 
 bris. — Melastoma capitatum, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 2. p. 764. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 This species is evidently allied to H. Voffelii, but the leaves 
 are broader, the stem covered on the sides, as well as the angles, 
 with numerous short hairs, and the calyx without hairs or ap- 
 pendages, except the long cilise, with which it is surrounded at 
 its insertion on the stalk. The flowers appear to be about the 
 size of those of H. Vogelii, but are fewer in the head, as far 
 one can judge from the specimens. 
 
 Beside the above, the Melastoma cymosum, DC, or M. co- 
 rymbosum, Bot. Mag. t. 904, from Sierra Leone, to judge from 
 the figure and description, may be referred to Heterotis, although 
 it does not agree in habit or inflorescence with any of the 
 foregoing groups. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 353 
 
 Tristemma, Juss. 
 
 Char. Gen. — Calycis tubus ovatus v. oblongus, ovario basi om- 
 nino adnatus et altius cobserens mediantibus costis, cinctus 
 annulis ciliarum parallelis 1-5 vel rarius nudus; limbi lacinise 
 5, persistentes, reflexse. Petala 5, mediocria. Stamina 10, 
 conformia; antheris lineari-falcatis subrostratis uniporosis, 
 connectivo brevi postice bidentato. Ovarium disco setoso 
 coronatum, 5-loculare. Stylus sequalis v. superne leviter in- 
 crassatus, apice truncato-stigmatosus, Cajisula calyce in- 
 clusa et ei plus minus adnata, maturitate irregulariter dis- 
 rupta, rarius subvalvatim dehiscens. Semina numerosa. — 
 Herb(E sufFruticesve Africanre, decumbentes ascendentes v. 
 rarius erectae. Flores terminales, capitati, v. rarius solitarii, 
 singuli bractearum paribus 1-3 involuti. 
 
 As far as can be judged from dried specimens, the placentae 
 in this genus appear to be more fleshy than in the preceding 
 genera, or almost pulpy, and the general affinity is much rather 
 with Melastoma than with Osheckia or Heterotis. The rings 
 of cili?e in most of the species are very remarkable in their 
 arrangement. 
 
 1. Tristemma littorale, Benth. ; caule adscendente ramoso ob- 
 tuse tetragono parce strigoso v. \sev'\, foliis ovatis oblongisve 
 5-nervibus parce strigosis, floribus capitatis, bracteis imbri- 
 catis exterioribus foliaceis calycibusque glabris Itevibus nudis, 
 — Fernando P6, on the sea-shore, Vogel. 
 
 T. albifloro simile sed glabrius, petioli longiores, florum capi- 
 tula breviter pedicellata, bractese angustiores omnino glabrae 
 V. extimae rarius dorso strigis paucissimis onustae. Herha 
 est ex Vog. annua, procumbens, ramis adscendentibus 1-2- 
 pedalibus. Petala rosea. Folia in speciminibus aliis semi- 
 pedalia, in aliis 2-3-pollicaria. 
 
 2. Tristemma albiflorum, Benth. ; caule adscendente ramoso 
 acute tetragono parce strigoso, foliis ovatis oblongisve 5- 
 nervibus supra strigosis, floribus capitatis, bracteis imbricatis 
 latis dorso strigosis, calycibus laevibus nudis v. corona pilorum 
 
 A A 
 
354 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 inconiplcta cinctis. — Mclastoma albifiorum, G. Don, Gard. 
 Diet. 2. p. 7G4. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 Folia 2-3-pollicaria, ad apices ram uloruni approximata. Capitula 
 sessilia, l-6-floi*a. Bractere calyces aequantes e,\ ei appressse 
 V. rarius apice brcviter foliaceo-productpe. Calycis tubus 
 ovario longior, superne contractus, lacinifc lato-lanceolatae, 
 tubo duplo breviores, minute ciliolatse. Antherarum connec- 
 tiva breviter biauriculata. 
 
 3. Tristerama Schumacheri, Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 311. — 
 Benguelen, Curror, in Herh. Hook. ; Gaboon coast, Middleton, 
 in Herb. Benth. ; Senegambia and Guinea. 
 
 This species very much resembles in habit the two preceding 
 and the following one, but is readily known by the single ring 
 of hairs surrounding the calyx. The T. incompletum, Br., 
 from Congo, may possibly, as suggested by the authors of the 
 Flora Senegambia, be a variety of the same species with slight 
 traces of a second ring of hairs, which, however, I have not 
 observed on the more usual form. 
 
 4. Tristemma coronatum, Benth. ; caule ascendente minute 
 strigoso, foliis ovatis supra strigosis, floribus subcapitatis, 
 bracteis oblongis lanceolatisque laxiusculis apice foliaceis, 
 calycis tubo globoso ciliarum annulis 4 distinctis cincto. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 This again, judging from a single specimen, is very near the 
 three preceding ones in appearance, but remarkable from the 
 four completely distinct parallel rings of hairs which surround 
 the calyx at the distance of above half a line from each other. 
 
 5. Tristemma hirtum, Vent, ex DC. Prod. 3. p. 144. — Pal. 
 de Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 1. p. 94. <. 57 ; caule suffruticoso, 
 ramis acute tetragonis vel quadrialatis longe barbato-pilosis, 
 foliis ovatis hirsutis, floribus capitatis, bracteis imbricatis latis 
 strigosis apice subfoliaceis, calycis tubo ovato ciliarum annulis 
 3 distinctis cincto. — On the Nun, Vogel. 
 
 6. Tristemma involucratum, Benth. ; caule procumbente, ramis 
 longe barbato-pilosis, foliis ovatis acuminatis hirtis, floribus 
 subcapitatis, bracteis scariosis appressis pilosis, calycis tubo 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 355 
 
 \irccolato cincto ))ilis nunierosis in zonam unicam dense 
 
 inibricatis. — Melastonia involucratunt, Don, in Mem. Wern. 
 
 Soc. — DC. Prod. '6. p. 147. — Sierra Leone. Don. 
 
 I only find a single flower on the specimen, which is re- 
 markable by the hairs or ciliffi, not arranged in any distinct 
 rings, but thickly collected in one broad belt surrounding the 
 middle of the calyx, forming in this respect a transition to the 
 hairs or scales which cover the calyx of the true Melastomas : 
 the stamens, however, as far as I could judge, appear to be 
 those of a Ti-istemma. 
 
 In the Senegambian Flora another species is described, under 
 the name of T. erectum ; and Heudelot^s collection contains an 
 undescribed plant belonging to the tribe of Osbeckie^e, but 
 scarcely referrible to any of the foregoing genera. It is a small 
 erect annual, with tetramerous flowers, resembling rather the 
 American Arthrostemmas than the Asiatic Osbeckice. 
 
 DiNOPHORA, (gen. nov.) c tribu Rhexiearum. 
 
 Calyx urceolato-turbinatus basi ovario adhaerens, apice liber 
 membranaceus brevissime sinuato-dentatus. Petala 5, late 
 ovata, acutiuscula. Stamina 10, conformia, antheris subros- 
 tratis uniporosis, connective basi brevitcr producto posticc 
 leviter dilatato emarginato. Ova7'ium 5-loculare, apice 
 nudum. Capsula membranacea, cum calyce membranacco 
 maturitate irregulariter disrupta ? Semina numerosissima, 
 placentis carnosulis affixa, cochleata, vix rugosula. — Suffrutex 
 Africanus, habitu Spenneris simillimus, floribus majoribus. 
 
 1. Dinophora spenneroides, Benth. — Fernando Fo, Vogel. 
 
 Caulis 3-5-pedalis, ramosissimus, basi frutescens ; rami divari- 
 cati, herbacei, tetragoni, ad angulos pilis interdum glandu- 
 losis rariter ciliati, cscterum glabri. Folia cujusvc paris paullo 
 inajqualia, majora 2-4-pollicaria, ovata v. oblonga, acuta v. 
 acuminata, margine ciliato-serrata, basi cordata, membranacea, 
 5-7-nervia, supra strigis paucis conspersa, cseterum glabra ; 
 petiolo altero ssepe pollicari, altero dimidio breviore. Inflo- 
 resctntia Spenneroi. Panicula laxa, ramis gracilibus op- 
 positis laxe dichotomis, flor'bus in dichotomiis v. ad 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 apices ramulorum pedicello 3-4 lin. longo fultis. Bracteae 
 minutse^ subulntjie. Calyx fere 3 lin. longus, glabcrrimus, 
 Isevis, basi acutus, supra ovarium paullulum constrictus ; 
 dentes lati obtusissimi bi'evissimi v. fere obsoleti; Petala 3 
 lin. longa. Ovarium glaberrimum, per anthesin niediantibus 
 costis fere ad apiceui calyci adnatum, vertice libero nudo 
 calyee tamen breviore. Stylus basi attenuatus, apice trun- 
 catus. Capsula membranacea, vix valvatira debisccre videtur 
 sed pcricarpium membranaceuui cum calyee tenuissimo saltern 
 in speciminibus siccis disrunipitur. 
 
 This plant is so very near in most respects to the American 
 genus Spennera, that I should have considered it as a species 
 of it, but that in the present state of our knowledge of 
 Melastomaceee it seems necessary to keep separate those genera 
 where the cells of the ovary are reduced below the number of 
 parts of the floral envelope, from those which are strictly iso- 
 merous. 
 
 1. Spathandra cmrulea, Guill. et Pcrr. Fl. Seneg. p. 113. t. 71. 
 — Sierra Leone, Vogcl, Don ; Scncgambia. 
 It is to the tribe of Memecyleof, not to that of Chariantheoi, 
 that this genus should be referred ; indeed it is only to be 
 distinguished from Memecylon itself by the three-ribbed leaves 
 and the cotyledons, which arc more fleshy and less plaited, 
 although in Spathandra coeruJea they arc to a considerable 
 degree irregularly wrinkled and folded. The unilocular ovary 
 is not alluded to in the ordinal character either in Endlicher's 
 Genera or in Lindley^s Vegetable Kingdom, although in both 
 works Spathandra and Memecylon arc included among Melas- 
 tomacecB : the little importance, however, of this anomaly in 
 certain calyciflorous Orders is shown, as well by its occasional 
 occurrence among Myrtacece and Rubiacece, as by the very 
 natural genus Mouriria, (the American representative of Meme- 
 cylon), which includes both unilocular and plurilocular species. 
 This circumstance is much in favour of the supposition, that 
 in these Orders the placentae often proceed on Schleiden's 
 theory from a prolongation of the axis, and not from the 
 margins of the carpellary leaves. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 357 
 
 2. Spathandra niemecyloides, Benth. ; foliis breviter petiolatis 
 ovatis vix coriaceis, corymbis breviter peduuculatis paucifloris, 
 baceis oblongis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Tola glabra. Folia majora 6-8 poll, longa, 3-4 poll, lata, apice 
 in acumen latum augustata, basi rotundata, rigide membra- 
 nacea v. subcoriacea, multo tamen tenuiora quam in 8. 
 ccerulea, trinervia v. interdum sub-5-nervia, petiolo 2-3 lin. 
 longo. Flores desunt. Fructus in corymbis parvis pauci ad 
 axillas foliorum annotinorum. Pedunculus communis semi- 
 pollicaris, pedicellis unifloris oppositis 2-3 lin. longis, bracteis 
 nullis V. jam delapsis. Baccae nondum matur£e ovoideo- 
 oblongfe, 3-4 lin. longse, apice constrictsej calycis limbo 4- 
 sinuato coronatse, intus uniloculares, ovulis paucis quorum 
 unum auctum, csetera abortientia. 
 
 3. Spathandra fascicularis, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis 
 breviter petiolatis ovatis coriaceis, floribus in umbella bre- 
 vissime pedicellata fasciculatis, bracteis persistentibus, baceis 
 globosis. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Tola glabra. Folia fere /S. ccerulea, nisi petiolo longiore, per- 
 fecta tamen non vidi. Umbella axillares, fere sessiles v. pe- 
 dunculo communi 1-2 lin. longo fultse, floribus ultra 10, 
 pedicellis 1 lin. longis receptaculo incrassato insertis et brac- 
 teis intermixtis brevibus latis membranaceis fuscis persistenti- 
 bus. Baccce globosse, lineam diametro, calycis limbo amplo 
 4-dentato coronatse, intus uniloculares. Ovula plurima 
 abortiva. Semen unum grandefactum, cavitatem implens, ei 
 S. coerulei simile, sed in fructu a me aperto nondum ma- 
 turum erat. 
 
 1. Memecylon Donianum, Planch, in Herb. Hort. Soc. ; ra- 
 mulis teretiusculis, foliis subsessilibus oblongis acurainatis 
 basi acutis coriaceis uninervibus, corymbis brevibus laxe 
 paucifloris, baceis globosis. — Pavetta lateriflora, G. Don, Gard. 
 Diet. S.p. 575. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Folia pleraque 5 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, rigide coriacea, acu- 
 mine brevi abrupto acutiusculo, marginibus recurvis, costa 
 subtus prominente, venis transversis inconspicuis v. rarius in 
 pagina superiore obscuris in venulam marginalem tenuem 
 
358 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 coufluentibus. Peduncvii axillarcs, gcniini, 2-3-cbotoiiM, 
 crassi, breves. Flares ilesuut. Pcdicelli fructifeii 2-3 lin. 
 longi. Baccce 6-8 lin. dianietro, 1-2-spernuc. Se?r/innm 
 testa Crustacea^ cotylcdones quaui niaximc irregulariter pli- 
 cata3 ; radicula crassa, carnosa, incurva, ad hilum spectans. 
 
 LIV. Myrtacea'. 
 
 1. Psidium pomiferum, Linn, (the Guava). — Sierra Leone, Don ; 
 Cape Coast, Vogel, who states it to be a shrub common in 
 thickets ; although it is probably introduced. The })cduncles 
 in both specimens are one-flowered, but the fruit, at least in 
 Don's specimen, is globose. 
 
 The Psidium Guineense, Sw., cultivated in the West Lidies, 
 is said to have been introduced there from Guinea, but it does 
 not a})pear that any African specimens have been found. 
 
 1. Eugenia Michelii, Lam. — DC. Prod. 3. j). 263. — Cape 
 Coast, Vogel, cultivated under the name of Barbadoes 
 Cherry. 
 
 2. Eugenia coronata, Vahl, — DC. Prod. S. p. 271. — Schum. et 
 Thonn. Beskr.p. 230. — Accra, Don. 
 
 Pedicelli 3 lin. longi, intra bracteas ])arvas ovatas acutas con- 
 cavas ciliatas orti, aj)ice sub calyce bibracteolati, bracteolis 
 ovatis rigidulis I liii- longis cum pediccllo subcontinuis. 
 Ovarium biloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo circa 4. 
 
 3. Eugenia calycina, Bcnth. ; ramis glabris, foliis ovatis elli])- 
 ticis oblongisve basi acutis breviter petiolatis glabris nitidis, 
 ])edunculis in axillis suj)crioribus unifloris folio brevioribus 
 apice bibracteolatis, calycis tubo hemisphajrico tomentoso, 
 lobis amplis orbiculatis glabratis. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Folia 2-3-pollicaria, obtusa v. brevissime acuminata, marginibus 
 recurvis, costa subtus prominula, venis primariis paucis con- 
 spicuis juxta marginem conflucntibus. Pedunculi in axillis 
 summis solitarii, vel ad apices ramulorum foliis floralibus 
 abortientibus fasciculati, basi bractca oblonga lineam longa 
 sti])ati, 8-9 lin. longi, rigiduli, minute ])ubcruli. Bractcolce 
 sub florc orbiculatsc, concavse, 1-1 1 lin. longsc. Alahastrum 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 359 
 
 globosum, 4 lin. diametro, album. Calycis tubus hemisphge- 
 
 ricus, linea paullo longior, pilis brevibus appressis rufescen- 
 
 tibus dense obtectus, lobi orbiculati, concavi^ fere 5 lin. lati, 
 
 2 exteriores ciliolati, 2 interiores audi. Petala calyce majora, 
 
 ciliolata, in specimine nondum expansa. Ovarium biloculare, 
 
 ovulis in quoque loculo 6-8. 
 
 4. Eugenia memecyloides, Benth. ; glabra, ramulis compressis, 
 
 foliis amplis oblongis acuminatis basi acutis breviter petiolatis, 
 
 pedunculis petiolo brevioribus axillaribus congestis unitloris 
 
 ebraeteolatis, bacca depresso-globosa. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex ex Vog. 4-pedalis, emittens e sunimitatibus ramulos nu- 
 
 merosos virgatos plantam quamdam parasiticam simulantes. 
 
 Specimen adest unicum ramuli foliati et fructiferi, ad nodos 
 
 compressi. Folia 5-6-pollicaria, 2-2^ poll, lata, coriacea at 
 
 non nitida, raarginibus revolutis, subtus peuuivenia et crebre 
 
 punctulata. Pedicelli fructiferi 1-1^ lin. longi. Baccce 4-5 
 
 lin. diametro, calycis limbo brevi 4-lobo coronatre. Semen 
 
 abortu solitarium, cotyledonibus crassis conferruminatis. 
 
 The Eugenia caryophylloides, DC, from Sierra Leone, must 
 
 be very near the last species, especially in the form and size of the 
 
 leaves and in inflorescence, but the leaves are said to be im- 
 
 punctate, and the branches, nerves of the leaves, peduncles and 
 
 tube of the calyx to be downy. 
 
 1. Jambosa vulgaris, DC. Prod. 3. p. 286. — Sierra Leone and 
 
 St. Thomas, Don ; probably cultivated. 
 1. Syzygium Oivariense, Benth. — Eugenia Ovvariensis, Pal. 
 Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 20. t. 70.' — Jambosa Owariensis, 
 DC. Prod. 3. p. 287. — Grand Bassa, Vogel; Oware. 
 The only other West Tropical African species of true Myrtea 
 hitherto described is the Syzygium Guineense, DC, from Senegal 
 and Guinea, which is very nearly allied to the preceding species. 
 Both belong to the genus (or section) Syzygium, admirably 
 defined by Wight in his review of Indian Myrtacece. 
 
360 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 (SUBOKI). NAPOLEONE.Ii.) 
 
 ] . Napoleona Vogelii, Hook, et Planch. (Tab. XLIX, L.) ; 
 glaberriina, foliis lanceolato-ellipticis brevitei' ct obtusiuscule 
 cuspidatis basi acutis leviter repandis, glandulis 2 impressis 
 supra basim folii margiiii laminae adnatis v. contiguis puncti- 
 formibus, floribus axillaribus snbsessilibus, corolla flava intus 
 medio rubra, coron?e exterufe laciniis (70-75) linearibus liberis, 
 internse 4O-fid0e laciniis sequaliter late lineai'ibus integris, 
 bacca depresso-globosa, seminibus intra loculos solitariis 
 longe reniformibus v. geminis superpositis brevioribus. — Cape 
 Palmas, Vogel. 
 Species a N. imperiali et N. Heudelotii foliis minoribus brevi- 
 ellipticis nee oblongis et colore florum distinctissima. Folia 
 l|-3 poll, longa, 15-20 lin. lata, petiolis baud crassis 1-2 lin. 
 longis. Corolla generis, obsolete 5-loba, lobulis flabellatis, 
 crispis, circiter 30. Coronce exterioris lacinise corolla plus 
 quam duplo brevioi'es, flavescentes ; internse flavescenti-albidse 
 lacinige sat profunda, uninerves, obtusiusculse. Antheres 10, 
 lineari-oblongfe, uniloculares. Discus urceolatus, crassus, 
 margine leviter lobatus. Ovarii structuram internam in iiore 
 unico imperfecto rite observare non licuit. Bacca corticosa, 
 magnitudine et facie fructus Punica, cortice extus rubescente 
 punctulis albis crebre consperso, scptis pulposis in specimini- 
 bus nostris exsiccatis et semi-collapsis et cum integumento 
 seminum conglutinatis. Semina majora a basi ad apicem 
 loculi extensa. — [Planchon.) 
 
 I have here inserted the above brief account of this curious 
 plant in the words of Dr. Planchon in Hooker's Icones. It 
 had been that botanist^s intention to have entered into a detailed 
 exposition of his views of its affinities in the present work ; but 
 the completion of this Flora having devolved upon me, we 
 are deprived of the benefit of his observations. I myself have 
 had no opportunity of examining the living specimens which have 
 flowered in this counti-y, and therefore refrain from adding any 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 361 
 
 speculations of my own to all that has been said on the subject. 
 I would merely observe that, from the various dissertations 
 published, especially by Ad. de Jussieu, (Ann. So. Nat. Par. 
 Ser. 3. V. 2. p. 22), Lindley, (Veg. Kingd. p. 728), and Hooker, 
 (Bot. Mag. t. 387), it would appear that, notwithstanding the 
 striking discrepancies of detail in the drawings of Beauvois, 
 Jussieu, Lindley and Hooker, the N. Heudelotii and N. Vogelii 
 are not really specifically distinct from the original N. impei'ialis, 
 and that of all the different affinities suggested, no hypothesis is 
 more plausible than that suggested by Planchon, and partly con- 
 curred in by Lindley, that the place of Napoleona is near Barr-ing- 
 toniets, among anomalous Myrtacece. If the corona, or rings 
 of filaments, called by some the intermediate and inner corollse, 
 be regarded as sterile stamens, they will be found to be as analo- 
 gous to the stamens of Myrtacea: in their insertion on the 
 fleshy disk crowning the ovary as in their folded arrangement 
 in the bud. In neither respect can they be compared with the 
 rings of filaments in Passiflorae. 
 Plate XLIX, L. Fig 1. flower, cut open ; /. 2. upper and 
 
 stigmatic portions of the style ; /. 3. fruit ; /. 4. the same, 
 
 vertical section; /. 5. transverse section of the same; /. 6. 
 
 seed. — Fig. 1 and 2 magnified : the remamder natural size. 
 
 The Asteranthos of Desfontaines, which A. de Jussieu has 
 shown to be probably a native of Angola, does not appear to 
 have been again found by any collector. 
 
 LV. HOMALINE^. 
 
 1. Blackwellia Africana, Hook. fil. ; foliis ovato-oblongis bre- 
 viter calloso-dentatis glabris coriaceis, racemis paniculatis, 
 floribus secus ramos elongatos subsessilibus parvis pentandris, 
 petalis calyce subduplo longioribus. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Ramuli et inflorescentia pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata, 
 4-5 poll, longa, 2-21 poll, lata, obtuse acuminata, marginis 
 dentibus glanduloso-callosis ssepius distantibus et hand pro- 
 fundis, basi obtusa, venis primariis validis subtus prorainulis, 
 
362 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 utrinquc opaca et pallescentia. Stipuloi hiuc inde ad folia 
 floralia supersunt lineari-cuncat.T, 2-3 lin. long?e ; foliorum 
 rauiealiuui omnes delapsse, Flores secus ramos panicula? 
 folio longiorisj ad axillas bracteolarum solitarii v. fasciculati, 
 singuli vix 1^ lin, diametro. Calycis tubus breviter et late 
 turbinatus, ovario adhserens^ limbi laciiiise crassiusculse, trian- 
 gulares, acutEe, J lin. longse, aestivatione in primo juventute 
 verosimiliter valvatse, sed omnes quas vidi jam alabastro 
 increscente apertse erant. Petala (perigonii lacinije interiores) 
 ovata, obtusa, concava, crassa, pubesccntia, calycis laciniis 
 duplo longiora, aestivatione leviter imbricata. Stamina his 
 opposita et paullo breviora, glabra. Glandulce breves, latse, 
 tomcntosse. Styli brevissimi 4 v. 5. Ovarii placentae to- 
 tidem, 3- (v. 4- ?) ovulates. 
 
 DissoMERiA, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Calyx profunde 4-fidus, tubo brevi basi vix ovario adnato, 
 laciniis aestivatione imbricatis. Petala 8, persistentia, calycis 
 laciniis majora, cum glandulis totidem alternantia, aestivati;>ne 
 duplici scric imbricata, per anthesin connivcntia. Stamina 
 plurima in phalanges 8 petalis oppositos (singulis 6-andris) 
 disposita; antherae subglobosae, connectivo crasso carnoso, 
 loculis introrsis longitudinaliter dchiscentibus. Ovarium 
 fere omnino liberum, unilocularc. Styli 4, rarius 3, fili- 
 formes, apice minute stigmatosi. Ovula ex apice cavitatis 
 ovarii pcndula, placentis tot quot styli parvis vix distinctis, 
 singulis 3-4-ovulatis. Capsula indehisccns, crasso-coriacea, 
 seminibus abortu solitariis v. paucis. — Frutex ? foliis alternis 
 stipulatis, spicis axillaribus interruptis. 
 
 1. Dissomeria crenata, Hook. fil. — At the Confluence, on the 
 banks of the Niger, Ansell. 
 
 Frutex ? ramulis verrucosis, novellis inflorescentiaque puberulis. 
 Folia altcrna, breviter petiolata, ovata, irregulariter crenata 
 et hinc inde sinuato-lobata, crcnaturis sa;pe minute glandu- 
 losis, basi acuta v. obtusa, subcoriacca, pennincrvia et rcticu- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 363 
 
 hito-venosa, axillis venarum subtus fasciculum pilorum fo- 
 veutibus, cfBterum glabra v. juniora minute puberula. Stipulce 
 liucares, foliacese, 3 lin. longs, valde caducse. Spicce in 
 axillis superioribus cum pedunculo 3-5-pollicares, jam infra 
 medium interrupte floriferse, floribus arete sessilibus, iufe- 
 rioribus dissitis, superioribus approximatis, singulis subglo- 
 bosis fere 5 lin. diametro. Bracteae 3, fusco-membranacea;, 
 una exteriore (bractea subtendens), duse (bracteolee) interiores 
 oppositse. Sepala 3 lin. longa, lato-ovata, obtusissinia, basi 
 breviter connata, margine ciliolata, membranacea, venulosaj 
 dorso puberula. Petala consistentia et pube sepalis similia 
 sed duplo majora, basi angustata et distincta, circa fructum 
 persistentia et globoso-conniventia. Glariduke breves, latse, 
 cum petalis discum hypogynum et subperigynum margi- 
 nantes. Stamina intra petala fasciculatim inserta, ssepissime 
 ad quoddam petalum sex, rarius 5 ; filamenta filiformia, pilis 
 longis patentibus barbata, petalis sequilonga v. vix longiora. 
 Ovarium dense hirsutum. Sty It exserti, ultra medium pilis 
 longis barbati, apicem versus fere glabri. 
 The almost entirely free ovary, and the number of petals, 
 as well as that of the glands and of the bundles of stamens, 
 being double that of the calycine segments, sufficiently dis- 
 tinguish this genus from Blackwellia and Homalium, inde- 
 pendently of the remarkable size and form of the flowers. 
 R. Brown mentions a Madagascar genus with a free ovary, but 
 without any further indications to show how far it differs from 
 ours. 
 
 Two other Homalinece have been described from W. Tropical 
 Africa ; Homalium anyustifolium, Sm., from Sierra Leone, (of 
 which the true genus is doubtful), and Byrsanthus Broivnei, 
 Guillem., from Senegambia. The generic name of the latter 
 has been changed by Endlicher to Anetia, on account of the 
 pre-existence of PresFs Byrsanthus among Lobeliacea ; but if, 
 as is suspected, with every probability of correctness, by A. De 
 Candolle, the latter should prove to be really not different 
 from Siphocampylos, the name of Byrsanthus should be re- 
 tained for Guillcmin's plant. 
 
364 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The close affinity^ so well pointed out by Brown between 
 this Order and Passifloreca, has been objected to by Lindley, 
 (Veg. Kingd. p. 742), on account of their " inferior ovary, to say 
 nothing of their want of stipules and glands on the "leaves, of 
 the presence of glands at the base of the floral envelopes, and 
 of their erect and very different habit \' but besides Dissomeria 
 and the Madagascar plant alluded to by Bi'own, in which the 
 ovary is truly free, the other genera off'er, as observed by 
 Brown, very difierent degrees of adherence, and in almost all 
 cases the summit, which is the only ])lacentiferous portion, is 
 free ; stipules, though very deciduous, may be found on the 
 young branches of most, if not all the species ; glands exist in 
 the crenatures of the leaves of several species, and are not universal 
 in Passiflorece ; and the habit is surely much nearer to that of 
 Smeathmannia and the allied genera than to any Cactece or 
 Loasece. The glands of the flower, combined with the insertion 
 of the stamens, remain the only essential characters which pre- 
 vent the actual union of Homalinece with Passiflorece. 
 
 LVI. PASSIFLOREiE. 
 
 1, Smeathmannia j9M6escens, Sol. — DC. Prod. 3. p. 323. — Bu- 
 lowia insignis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 247 ? — Sierra 
 Leone, Don; Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 2. Smcathmannia laviyata, Sol. — DC. I. c. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel, Don ; Senegambia. 
 
 Brown has described a third species, a variety of S. laevigata, 
 from Sierra Leone, under the name of S. media. 
 
 Crossostemma, (gen, nov.) 
 
 Calycis tubus brevissimus patelliformis, laciniaj 5, ovatse, ob- 
 scure uninerves, sestivatione valde imbricata. Petala 5, tubo 
 calycino inserta, sepalis subconformia sed majora et magis 
 colorata, et distincte 3-5-nervia. Corona e filamentorum 
 serie unica ad basin petalorum composita. Gt/nojjhorum bre- 
 vissimum, expansum in discuni dcprcssum, dentibus seu ap- 
 pendicibus marginalibus 5 brevibus crectis acutis cum sta- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 365 
 
 minibus alternantibus. Stamina 5, ad marginem disci inter 
 dentes iuserta, filamento in alabastro brevissimo, anthera 
 magna oblongo-lineari. Ovarium in medio disco sessile, 
 oblong o-triquetrum, superne in stylum brevem attenuatum, 
 stigmate magno dilatato integro coronatum, intus uniloculare, 
 placentis 3 parietalibus, ovulis in quaque placenta plurimis 
 biseriatis. 
 1. Crossostemma laurifolium, Planch, in Herb. Soc. Hurt. 
 
 Land. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Frutex scandens, glaberrimus. Folia alterna, petiolata, ob- 
 longa, brevdter acuminata, integerrima, basi acuta, 3-4 poll, 
 longa, subcoriacea, nitidula, utrinque venosissima, eglandulosa 
 V. ad apicem petioli obscure biglandulosa. Cirrhi ex axillis 
 sterilibus orti. InflorescenticB axillares, solitarise, pedunculo 
 communi semipollicare cymam ferente laxe paucifloram 
 flexuosam, ramis ultimis 3 lin. longis, medio articulatis (pedi- 
 cellis unifloris terminatis). Bracte(B minutse setacese v. nullse. 
 Flores ex sclieda Doniana lutei, (semipollicem diametro ?) 
 in specimine nondum aperti. Sepala et petala in alabastro 
 subsimilia late ovata, obtusa, concava, et crebre lineato-punc- 
 tata, hsec vero evidentius coloi'ata et venis 3-5 percursa, ilia 
 viridiora, extima minora, et vena unica brevi additis rarius 2 
 brevissimis lateralibus notata. Fructum baud vidi. 
 Though closely allied to some of the numerous forms of 
 Passiflora, this genus is at once distinguished by the very 
 short gynophorum, and the entire style. The collection con- 
 tains but a single specimen, with few buds in a perfect 
 state. In the only one- 1 dissected I could not ascertain very 
 precisely whether the delicate ring of filaments forming the 
 corona at the base of the petals was continuous or interrupted 
 opposite each petal. 
 
 1. Modecca cissampeloides, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis cor- 
 dato-orbiculatis 5-nervibus obsolete 5-lobis integerrimisque 
 membranaceis glabris subtus albidis, petiolo apice glandu- 
 lifero, fl. foem. petalis linearibus ad basin loborum calyci- 
 norum insertis et iis brevioribus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Tota planta glaberrima. Ramuli teretes, cinerascentes v. albidi. 
 
366 FLORA. NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Cirrhi axillares, simplices v. ramosi, interdum floriferi. Folia 
 2-3 poll, longa et lata, petiolo subpoUicari, glandula niajiis- 
 cula ad summum apiccm petioli in facie superiori. Panicnla; 
 vel terminales vel axillares supra cirrhos enatfe, laxae, e cymis 
 paucis secus rhacliin altcrnis brcviter pedunculatis compositfc, 
 rliachi interdum in cirrliuui abeunte. Flores foeminei tantum 
 adsunt, 5-6 lin, diametro, tubo late hemisphserico, laciniis 
 calycinis ov ato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis, ajstivatione sub- 
 valvatis, lineis coloratis crcbris pcrcursis. Petala fere di- 
 midio breviora, ad basin laeiniarum inserta et cum iis alter- 
 nantia, anguste linearia, persistentia, consistcntia calyci siniilia 
 V. paullo tenuiora. Corona pilorum brevissimorr.m sub 
 petalorum insertione vix conspicua. Squamce (seu stamina 
 abortiva ?) 5, breves, acutse, disco hypogyno tenui in finulo 
 calj^cis inserts. Ovarium fere sessile, ovato-globosum, sub- 
 triquetrum, glaberrimum. Stigmata 3, subsessilia, flabellata, 
 crenata. Placenta 3, parictales, pluriovulatge. 
 
 2. Modecca cynanchifolia^ Bentb. ; foliis cordato-ovatis oblon- 
 gisve acuminatis vix sinuatis membranaceis concoloribus, 
 petiolo apice glandulifero, fl. masc. petalis oblongo-linearibus 
 niargine fiuibricatis ad basin loborum calycinoruni insertis et 
 eos subffiquantibus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Tota planta glabcrrima. Rami tenues. Cirrhi et inflorcscentia 
 M. cissampeloidis. Folia l0ete\irentia, 2-4 poll, longa, 1-2 
 poll, lata, basi late cordata, subtrinervia, margine intcgerrima 
 V. obsolete sinuata. Glandula nunc ad apicem petioli, nunc 
 in limbo ipso ad insertionem petioli sita. Floi'es quam in 
 M. cissampeloidi minora videntur, scd in specimine unico 
 mascula et vix aperta. Calycis laciniae anguste ovato-oblongpe, 
 lineato-punctatse, margine membranacco-hyalina?, integral, 
 ffistivatione valvatai v. vix angustissime imbricate. Petala 
 membranaceo-alba, tenuia et vix punctata, ol^tusa, marginibus 
 breviter lacero-fimbriatis. Corona e filis paucis brevissimis 
 composite. Antherce 5, majuscula^, oblonga^, filamentis bre- 
 vissimis. Ovarii rudimcntum minimum. 
 
 3. Modecca? tenuifolia, Planch, in Herb. Hook; foliis cordato- 
 ovatis acuminatis integris v. sinuato-lobatis membranaceis 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 367 
 
 concoloribus, petiolo sub apice biglanduloso, fl. masc. petalis 
 ovatis finibriatis prope basin tubi calycini insertis et calyce 
 plus duplo brevioribus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 Planta tota glaberrima. Folia ampla, majora semipedalia, 3-5- 
 nervia, glandulis petioli niajusculis, a limbo distinctis. Cirrhi 
 floriferi, cymis in medio cirrho 2-3 alternis brevitcr peduncu- 
 latis laxifloris. Flores quam in prsecedentibus majores; calyx 
 8 lin. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, ad tertiara partem 5- 
 lobus, laciniis ovatis obtusis sestivatione leviter imbricatis ; 2 
 exteriores margine integerrimse, tertia hinc integerrima hinc 
 inflexa membranacea et leviter fimbriata, 2 interiores ad mar- 
 ginem utrumque inflexa et leviter fimbriata. Petala 5^ prope 
 basin calycis inserta, tubo calycino subbreviora, breviter un- 
 guiculata, margine pectinato-lacera. Corona e filamentis 
 brevibus composita ad basin petalorum. Antherce 5, oblongje, 
 filamentis bi'evissimis. Ovarii rudimentum parvum. 
 A second specimen from Grand Bassa appears to belong to 
 the same species. It is a female, of which the fruit is fallen off, 
 which, according to Vogel, w'as a berry with three parietal 
 placentae. 
 
 The only other West Tropical African Passiflorece known arc 
 Modecca diversifolia, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, and 
 M. lobata, Jacq., from Sierra Leone, and the very imperfectly 
 described Kolbia elegans, Pal. de Beauv., from Benin. 
 
 LVII. CUCURBITACE^. 
 
 1. Melothria triangularis, Benth.; foliis late deltoideis acutis 
 denticulatis membranaceis scabris, floribus longe pedicellatis 
 in eadem axilla solitariis v. geminis monoicis, corolla glabra 
 lobis integris, fructibus globosis glabris. — Aboh and Fer- 
 nando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Caules filiformes, glabri v. scabrelli. Cirrhi apice sfepius bifidi. 
 Folia exacte triangularia v. basi subangulata, lateribus 1^-2 
 poll, longis, 5-nervia, utrinque glabra sed tuberculis crebris 
 scabra, denticulis marginalibus irregularibus remotis. Pedicelli 
 filiformes, ex eadem axilla s^epius gemini, alter masculus 8-10 
 
368 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 lin. longus, alter foemineus duplo longior. Flores mascuH 
 lincam longi, campanulati, tubo calycis corolla'que in ununi 
 arete connato, dentes calyeini minuti, eum lobis corollinis 
 ovatis integris albis tubo suo paullo longioribus alternantes. 
 Stamina 3^ medio tubo inserta; iilamenta brevia; antherpe 
 bilocularcs, loculi duarum magis discreti conuectivo apiculato, 
 tertise magis approximati connectivo crassiore mutico, omnes 
 dorso minute ciliolatse. Glandula in fundo corollsemajuscula, 
 globosa. Flores fmminei : ovarium subglobosum, pedicello apice 
 incrassato-ealloso insidens, apice in collum brevem acuminatum. 
 Calyx et corolla quoad pars superior fere maris. Stamina nulla. 
 Discus ut in mare globosus^ stylum fcrt corollam fere fequan- 
 tem apice trifidum, lobis crasse dilatato-stigmatosis. Baccce 
 globosse, 3-4 lin. diametro, seminibus 1^ lin. longis com- 
 pressis, et forma iis Cucumeris subsimilibus. 
 
 2. Melothria deltoidea, Benth. ; foliis late deltoideis subacutis 
 sinuato-dentatis membranaceis scabriusculis, pedunculis pe- 
 tiolo brevioribus ex eadem axilla geminis monoicis v. solitariis, 
 corolla glabra lobis integris^ fructibus (ovoideis ?) subglabris. 
 — Bryonia deltoidea, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 429? non 
 Am. — Aboh, Vogel, and Guinea, if I am correct in referring 
 Vogcl's specimen to Thonning's species. 
 
 Specimen cum illis M. triangularis intermixtum, sed certc 
 diversum. Caulis multo firniior, costis elevatis angulatus. 
 Folia usque ad 3 ])oll. lata, evidontius dcntata. Pedicelli 
 multo breviores. Flores masculi paullo majores, dentibus 
 calycinis setiformibus dimidium limbi corollini fpquantibus. 
 Anthera latiores, breviores. Ovarium pilosiusculum. Fructus 
 nondum maturus jam longior et apice attenuatus nee globosus, 
 demum glabratus. 
 
 1. Bryoniae sp. ? — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 The male flowers, so far as I can judge from very young 
 buds, are those of a Br-yonia ; but the inflorescence is difl'erent, 
 and there are no female flowers : I therefore refrain from de- 
 scribing the plant. 
 
 2. Bryonire sp. ? — Fernando Po, Vogel. A small fragment, with 
 the remains of fruitstalks, but no flowers. 
 
FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 369 
 
 There are three sixpposed species of Bryonia described from 
 West Tropical Africa, viz. : B. Perrottetiayia, Scr., from Senegal, 
 and B. fmtidissima, and B. capillaris, Schum. et Thonn., from 
 Guinea. None of them agree with either of the above. 
 1. iEchmandra? ? v. Rhynchocarpse ? sp. — A very imperfect 
 specimen in fruit, gathered south of the Line by Curror, and 
 not in a state to be described. 
 
 The Rhynchocarpa fcetida, Schrad., is a Guinea plant, not in 
 the collections before us. 
 
 1. Momordica Vogelii, Planch, in Herb. Hook.; foliis ample 
 cordato-ovatis integris sinuato-dcntatis, floribus monoicis 
 ex diversis axillis, masculis umbellatis in involuci-o longius- 
 cule pedicellatis, corolla calyce triplo longiore, tubo echinato, 
 foemineis solitariis geminisve, fructibus ovato-acuminatis echi- 
 natis. — Fernando Po, VogeL 
 Caulis glabcr et Ifevis. Folia pleraque 4 poll, longa et lata, 
 remote denticulata et subsinuata, basi late cordata et in 
 petiolum angustissime decurrentia, Isetevirentia, membranacea, 
 pedatinervia, ad venas marginesque minute puberula, cseterum 
 glabra. Cirrhi simplices v. bifidi. Pedunculi petiolum sub- 
 sequantes. Involucrum orbiculatum, apice srepius dentatum, 
 3-4 lin. longum, coloratum. Pedicelli masculi ssepius 3-5, 
 semipollicares. Calyx profunde 5-fidus, tubo brevi costato 
 parce echinato, lobis 2 lin. longis ovatis obtusis medio crassis 
 et parce piiberulis margine membranaceis. Corolla lutea, 
 petalis obovatis, 8-9 lin. longis. Antherce (exsiccationc valde 
 compressse) vel distinctse vel facile separabiles. Flores foe- 
 minei brevius pedicellati ; ovarium oblongum, 3 lin. longum, 
 echinulatum, in collum attenuatum, intus uniloculare, pla- 
 centis parietalibus membi'anaceis ovula involveutibus. Calyx 
 et corolla quam in mare minores. Fructus in specimine im- 
 maturus poUicaris, utrinque acutus, squamis longis muricatus, 
 ex Vog. maturus ruber et trilocularis. 
 
 The description of Momordica foetida, Schum. et Thonn., 
 from Guinea, agrees so well in most respects with the above 
 plant that I should have considered it the same, but that 
 Thonning expressly says that the calycine segments are acute. 
 
 B B 
 
370 FLORA N1GRTTI.\NA. 
 
 2. Moniortlica Senegalensis, Lam. — DO. Prod. 3. p. 311. — On 
 
 the Gambia, Boteler ; a very bad specimen. The species 
 altogether may be a mere variety of M. Charnntium. 
 
 3. Momordica cissoides, Planch. iw//er6. Hook.; foliis trisectis, 
 segmentis petiolulatis denticulatis, intermedio ovato, laterah- 
 bus oblique ovato-rhombeis breviter subbilobis, floribus mas- 
 culis umbellulatis, pedicellis involucre brevioribus, calycis la- 
 ciniis oblongis uncinato-mucronatis corolla dviplo brevioribus. 
 — In hedges, at Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 Planta dioica videtur, tota glabra excepta pube rara minima 
 ad venas foliorum vel inflorescentiam. Pefioli snb])ollicares, 
 apice trifidi, petiolulis 2-4 lin. longis, scgmentum intermedium 
 bipollicare, lateralia breviora et valde obliqua, omnia mucro- 
 nulata, margiiie remote denticulata, basi aciita v. truncata, 
 membranacea, glabra et punctis minutis scabrella. Peduiiculi 
 pctiolo longiores, floribus in speciminibus nostris omnibus 
 masculis. Involucrwn reniforme, 9 lin. latum, breviter cre- 
 nulato-dentatum v. integerrimum, scabro-puberulum, glan- 
 dulis paucis scutellatis per paginam interiorem dispersis, 
 pr?ecipue versus marginem. Pedicelli 5-G, puberuli. Calyx 
 fere 5-partitus, laciniis ovali-oblongis pubcsccntibus. Petala 
 5 lin. longa, papulosa, alba, basi intus purpurco-maculata. 
 Antherce flexuospe, vel distinctce vel facillime separabiles. 
 
 4. Momordica maculata, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis tri- 
 sectis, segmentis petiolulatis obovali-oblongis sinuato-dentatis 
 lateralibus bipartitis, floribus foemineis in involucre solitariis, 
 calycis tubo glabro laciniis subulato-acuminatis. — On the 
 Quorra, opposite Adda, Vogel. 
 
 Planta dioica ? caule angulato glabro v. ad nodos villosulo. Petioli 
 crassi, striati, poUicares, apice trifidi uti petioluli (3-G lin. 
 longi) pube brevi scabridi. tegmentum intermedium 3-3i 
 poll, longum, \\ poll, latum, apice obtusum irregulariter 
 sinuatum et dentibus paucis calloso-mucronatis notatum, basi 
 acutum, membranaceum, Iseviusculum ; lateralia minora, 
 usque ad basm in duo divisa, at lobi non v. vix petiolulati. 
 Pedunculi petiolum subsequantes. Involucrum orbiculatum. 
 Flores examinare nequivi, alabastrum enim unicum tantum 
 
FLORA NIGPxITIANA. 371 
 
 vidi foeitiineum, breviter pediccllatum, ovario ovoideo, laciniis 
 calycinis loiigius acmiiinatis quam in affinibus. 
 5. Momordica guttata, Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; foliis trisectis, 
 segmentis petiolulatis ovatis acutis v. acuminatis sinuato- 
 dentatis lateralibus bipartitis, iioribus masculis umbcllatis, 
 pedicellis involucro brevioribus^ calycis laciniis lanceolatis 
 subulato-acutis. — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don. 
 M. maculate valde aiiinis, scd diversa videtur foliis acutioribus, 
 involucris majoribus reniformibus. Flores masculi in uni- 
 bella 5-6, pedicellis cal3'Ce brevioribus. Calycis lacinise 24 
 lin. lougse. Petala multo majora, basi maculata, in speci- 
 mine tamen nostro nondum aperta. Stamina cobserere vi- 
 dentur in phalanges duo. 
 
 Dr. Planchou considers Don's plant to belong to a different 
 species ; but I can find no essential difference in the very unsa- 
 tisfactory specimens in the collections. I have indeed conside- 
 rable doubts whether M. macukita may not be merely the 
 male individual of M. guttata. Both these species, as well 
 the M. cissoides, differ in some respects from the more usual 
 forms of Momordica. They are to all appearance dioecious, the 
 leaves decompound, the flowers very shortly pedicelled in the 
 involucre, the petals yellowish-white with purple spots at the 
 base, and the anthers, if not quite free, yet more distinct than 
 in most species. I have not seen the fruit of either, nor yet 
 been able to examine any female flower. The scutclliform 
 glands on the upper surface of the involucres are very irregular 
 in number and in arrangement, and are often wholly wanting. 
 
 The only other known West African species, the M. anthel- 
 mintica, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, is described as having 
 still more divided leaves than either of the foregoing. 
 1. huSdiScabra, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 405. — Aboh, Vogel; 
 Accra, Don ; Fernando Po, very abundantly in hedges, Vogel. 
 Dr. Planchon considers the Fernando Po plant to be speci- 
 fically distinct, but it agrees as well as the other with Thonning's 
 description ; and although at first sight there appear to be some 
 differences, it is probably owing to the Fernando Po specimens 
 being all females, and the Continental ones in the collections 
 
 B B 2 
 
37'2 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 before us, all males. Possibly, indeed, the original L. scabra 
 itself may be but a variety of the common East Indian L. acu- 
 tangula. The rudimentary stamens in the female flowers vary 
 in number, according to Vogel. In the flowers I opened there 
 were five. 
 
 Adenopus, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Flores (dioici ?) masculi : Calyx tubulosus 5-dentatus. Petala 
 5, ad apicem tubi calycis inserta, margine integra v. leviter 
 crispata. Stamina 5, medio tubo calycis inserta, filamentis 
 brevissimis, antheris longe linearibus flcxuosis diadelphis. 
 
 Floi'es fceminei Herba; Africanje hinc Luffcn hinc Tri- 
 
 chosanthi affincs. Folia palmatim lobata, petiolo apice bi- 
 glanduloso. Flores masculi raccmosi. 
 
 1. Adeno])ns longiflorus, Benth. ; foliis 5-lobis vix scabriusculis, 
 calycis tubo petalis longiore infra medium longe attenuato 
 basi dilatato. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 
 Caulis tenuis, striatus, glaber. Cirrhi stipulares unilaterales ; 
 stipula altera parva glanduliformis. Foliorum petiolus 6-10 
 lin. longus, sub lamina auctus glandulis 2 oppositis linearibus 
 divaricatis; lamina 3 poll, longa et lata, angulato-5-loba, 
 lobis 1-3 intermediis productioribus, omnibus acutis et mar- 
 gine sinuato-dcntatis, dentibus mucronatis, utrinque sub- 
 glabra et punctato-scabriuscula, trincrvis, ncrvis lateralibus 
 bifurcatis. Flor. masc. ; pedunculi axillares, folio multo 
 breviores, breviter 3-5-flori. Bractea parvre, dentatae. Pe- 
 dicelli 2-3 lin. longi. Calycis tubus If poll, longus, in- 
 curvus, junior puberulus, demum glaber, apice 2 lin. latus, 
 sub staminum insertione gradatim contractus, prope basin 
 abrupte dilatatus ; limbi lacinife lineari-lanceolatre, glandu- 
 loso-dentatse, vix 2 lin. longae. Petala pollicaria (v. majora ?) 
 obovata, et, tanquam e specimine male siccato apparet, 
 margine ci'ispa sed integra. Antheree 8-9 lin. longse, ex- 
 trorsse, mediantibus connectivis in corpuscula 2 connexse, 
 loculis a basi ad apicem flexuosis. 
 
 2. Adenopus breviflorus^ Benth. ; foliis 5-lobis scabris, calycis 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. ' 373 
 
 tiiho })etalis niulto breviore basi vix attenuato. — From the 
 
 Niger Expedition, without the precise locahty. 
 
 Habitus A. longiflora, sed foha profundius lobata, majora et 
 
 scabra, glandulis petiolaribus crassis conicis. Stipula cirrho 
 
 opposita foliacea, subreniformis, denticulata, 3-4 lin. longa. 
 
 Pedunculus florum masculorum crassus, foha subsequans, 
 
 apice raceinoso-lO-12-florus. Bractea foliacese, cuneat^ v. 
 
 ovatse, acutaj, denticulatse, 2-5 liu. longse. Pedicelli semi- 
 
 polHcares. Calycis tubus 9 liu. longus, a basi ad apicem 
 
 gradatim latior. Antheroi infra medium tubi insertse^ ut 
 
 videtur diadelphse. Petala pollice longiora, ovata, basi in 
 
 unguem brevem contracta, margine crispa. 
 
 It is with great reluctance that I have established this genus 
 
 upon a knowledge of the male flowers only; but the two 
 
 species were so evidently congeners, and so remarkable in the 
 
 peculiar glands of the leaves, that I was unwilling to pass them 
 
 over, and they could not be united with Litffa, Trichosanthes or 
 
 Gymnopetalum, with all of which they have more or less of 
 
 affinity. 
 
 There remain two Cucurbit ace(je in the collection which I am 
 compelled to leave undetermined ; the one, from Fernando Po, 
 appears to be a Cucumis with the hairiness of Benincasa : the 
 flowers, according to Vogel, are white, but in the specimens are 
 not in a state to be examined. The other, also from Fernando 
 Po, with deeply palmately lobed leaves and long male racemes, 
 has only a few young buds, which in their structure resemble 
 those ojF Laiffa ; yet I can scarcely believe the plant to belong 
 to that genus. 
 
 The Cucumis arenarius qxiA. C. chrysocoma, Schum. et Thonn., 
 both from Guinea, complete the list of known Cucurbitacece 
 from West Tropical Africa. 
 
 LVIII. PORTULACE^. 
 
 1. Portulaca oleracea, Linn. — Accra and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 A common sea-coast plant, a[)pearing very early on newly 
 formed islands. 
 
374 . FLOKA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 2. rovtn]nca foliosa, Kcr. — DC. Prod. v. 3. p. 353. — P. pro- 
 lifcra, Schum. ei Thonn. Beskr. p. 239. — On the Quoira, at 
 Attah, and sandy shores of the Nun, Vogel ; Guinea, 
 
 1. Talinum a-assi/olium, Willd. ?— Z>C. Prod. v. S.-p. 357?— 
 Accra, Vogel. — A very bad specimen, which appears to be 
 either this or the T. triangulare, both of them American mari- 
 time plants. 
 
 I. Trianthema obcorduta, Roxb. Fl. hid. v. 2. p. 4i5. — Cape 
 Coast, Vogel. — A common East Indian plant. 
 The Sesuvium Portulacastrum, Linn., a common Tropical 
 
 maritime plant, is also a native of Senegal ; and S. brevifuliwn, 
 
 Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, may not be specifically distinct 
 
 from it. 
 
 LIX. Paronychie.e. 
 
 1. Polycarpa'a stellata, DC. Prod. 3. p. 374. — Accra, Vogel, 
 Ansell; on the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 This species varies much in the calyx, which is more or less 
 acuminated, and often more or less covered with longish hair. 
 
 2. Polycarpa^a glubrifolia, DC. Prod. 3. p. 374. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 3. Polycarpfca linearifolia, DC. Prod. 3. p. 374. — On the 
 Quorra, Vogel, Ansell ; Whydah, Do7i ; Senegal. 
 
 De Candolle describes a fourth species from Senegal, P. te- 
 nuifolia. 
 
 LX. CaASSULACEiE. 
 
 There are no species belonging to this Order in the collections 
 before us, and the only one published from West Tropical 
 Africa is the Kalanchoe crenata, Haw., from Guinea. 
 
 LXL SAXlFRAGEiE. 
 
 1. Vahlia silenoides, A. DC. Prod. 4. p. 54. — On the Gambia, 
 
 Don. 
 
 Two other species of Vahlia, V. ramosissima, A. DC, and 
 V. tomentosa, A. DC, are also natives of Scnegambia. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 375 
 
 LXII. Umbelliferje. 
 
 1. Hydi'ocotyle petiolaris, DC. Prod. 4. p. 60. — Cape Palmas, 
 
 Grand Bassa, and on the River Nun, Vogel, Ansell ; also 
 
 East Tropical Africa and Madagascar. 
 
 Both this plant and the South African H. Caffra, INIeissn,, 
 are very variable in the length of the petioles and in the crena- 
 tures of the leaves, as well as in inflorescence ; and there is 
 considerable doubt whether either is really distinct from the 
 South American H. Bonariensis, Lam. 
 3. Hydrocotyle Asiatica, Linn. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 6L — St. 
 
 Thomas, Don. — A common plant within and south of the 
 
 Tropics in both hemispheres. 
 
 LXIIL LORANTHACE^. 
 
 1. Loranthus Pentagonia, DC. Prod. 4. p. 303. et Coll. Mem. 
 6. /. 8. — On the Gambia, Don. 
 
 2. Loranthus Belvisii, DC. /. c. — L. lanccolatus. Pal. Beauv. 
 Ft. Ow. et Ben. t. 69. — Aboh, Cape Coast and Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel, who gathered it at the latter station on Psidiuui py- 
 riferum, and observes that the flowers are red, striped with 
 white and tipped with brown, and the fruit red, assuming a 
 greenish tinge when quite ripe ; Grand Bassa, Ansell ; Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 3. Loranthus |(Scurrula) leptolobus, Benth. ; glaber, ramis vbc 
 compressis, foliis petiolatis ovatis obtusis basi rotundatis, pe- 
 dunculis breWssimis fasciculatis umbellatim pavicifloris, bracteis 
 parvis appressis, corolla tenui scabra basi Eequali hinc fissa 
 limbi' lobis 5 angustissime linearibus. — On the Quorra, at 
 Attah, Vogel. 
 
 Rami crassiusculi, teretes v. ad nodos leviter compressi, verru- 
 culoso-punctati. Folia opposita, magnitudine et forma varia, 
 pleraque lato-ovata, 3 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, apice obtu- 
 sissima, basi rotundata, crassa, penninervia, glabra vel sicci- 
 tate scabra, superiora ssepe angustiora ; petioli semipollicares 
 vel pauUo longiores. Flores numerosi, ad axillas congesti, 
 fere sessiles ; pedicelli nempe rarissime lineam excedunt. 
 
376 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Bructeola ovata, concava, crassa, calyce brevior et ci adnata. 
 Calyx vix linea longior, margine breviter libero undulato. 
 Corolla sesquipollicaris, tenuis, extus leviter papulosa, basi 
 baud dilatata, apice paullulum clavata, fere usque ad medium 
 fissa in laminam profunde 5-fidam lobis angustissimis ; color 
 (ex Vogel) luteus apice ruber. Ovarium per anthcsin basi 
 cum pcdunculo continuum et infra apicem in discum cum 
 calyce connatum expansum, cseterum a calyce liberum. Bacca 
 (ex Vog.) cupreo-viridis. 
 4. Loranthus Nigritanus, Hook. fil. ; ramis ferrugineo-villosis, 
 foliis ovali-ellipticis oblongis sublanceolatisve supra glabris 
 subtus ferrugineo-tomentosis, pedunculis brevissimis umbel- 
 latim 3-5-floris, bracteis orbiculatis patentibus ovario lon- 
 gioribus, corollse ferrugineo-hirsutae basi gibbfe apice bine 
 tissa? laciniis 5 lineari-cuneatis. — On the Quorra, at Patteli, 
 Vogel ; on the Niger, Mac William. 
 Hamuli teretes v. ad nodos leviter compressi, tomento sub- 
 floccoso rubro-ferrugineo vestiti^ novelli pilis lougioribus vil- 
 losi ; rami vetustiores denudati. Folia 1^-3-pollicaria, cras- 
 siuscule membranacea, novella utiinque tomentosa, adulta 
 supra glabrata, subtus tomento subfloccoso ferruginea. Flores 
 fere sessiles, in axillis congest!, piUs longis rubro-ferrugineis 
 dense vcstiti. Braclece extcriores 2 lin. latse, crassiusculse, 
 uudulatse, pateutes, orbicuiatie, basi angustata?, interiores 
 minorcs angustiores apice breviter patentes. Calyx Ij lin. 
 longus, basi ovario adnatus, limbo libero truncato integro 
 quam ovarium longiore. Corolla 15-16 lin. louga, supra 
 calyccm inflata, dcin abrupte contracta, fei'e ad medium fissa, 
 lobis liuearibus acutis basi angustatis. 
 
 The ovary of this s])ecies is similar in general structure to 
 those described by Griffith, in his paper on Loranthus and 
 Viscum, in the 18th vol. of the Linnrcan Transactions. In that 
 of L. leptolobus, however, the ovary at the time of flowering, 
 enclosed within the calyx, appears to be free from it, excepting 
 in a transverse line a little below the top, corresjjonding with 
 the commencement of the epigynous disc, common to so many 
 calvciflorous Orders. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 377 
 
 The remaining West Tropical African Loranthi are L. cupu- 
 latus, DC, and L. dodoneccfolius, DC, from Senegal, L. Thon- 
 n'utgii, DC, from Guinea, and L. sessilifolius, Beauv., from Oware. 
 It is perhaps the only extensive geographical region, especially 
 in warm climates, from which no species of Viscum appears to 
 have as yet been brought. 
 
 LXIV. RUBIACE^. 
 
 This large Order, so natural and well defined, and yet so diversi- 
 fied in detail, is very abundant in Tropical countries, and more 
 especially so in West Africa. Its tribes, as successively proposed 
 by De Candolle, Jussieu and A, Richard, and finally adopted in 
 the Prodromus, are generally easy of determination, but in some 
 of the details perhaps too artificial, and a few slight changes 
 and transpositions might render them more conformable to 
 nature, without interfering with their practical utility. Too 
 much reliance has perhaps been placed on the number of car- 
 pellary parts, and not enough on placentation (insertion of 
 ovules), which, with the sestivation of the corolla, might in 
 many instances better serve, both for the definition and for the 
 grouping of genera. The Nauclece, well marked by their in- 
 florescence and seeds, form an excellent tribe, if made to 
 include Sarcocephahis, Anthocephalus and Cephalanthus.^ In 
 the Cinchonea there is little to alter ; although the line of de- 
 marcation between them and the Rondeletiece is at present very 
 ill defined. The remainder of the many-ovuled tribes require 
 some re-arrangement. The two-celled genera often present a 
 third cell, and the many-celled are not unfrequently reduced 
 to two. Gardenia itself has not the characters assigned to the 
 
 * The seeds of Cephalanthus, although sohtary in each cell, are inserted 
 on a pendulous placenta, as in Stepheyyne, and have, like the rest of 
 Naiiclece, a wing-like expansion at their apex, although it be so small as 
 to have escaped the notice of most botanists. It appears to me also, 
 that in the young ovary there are a few additional minute abortive ovules, 
 but of that I do not feel certain. 
 
378 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 tribe to whicli it gives its name, and the hardening of the 
 endocarp, which distinguishes the polypyrenous from tlie muhi- 
 locidar berry, is but a vague character. It might be better 
 to suppress the two last tribes {Isertiea and Hameliea), and 
 re-distribute the whole into three : Gardtniea, with fleshy 
 indeliiscent fruits; Ro)ideleti(B, with dehiscent or pluricoccous 
 fruits and interpetiolar stipules; and Hedi/otea, with dehiscent 
 or pluricoccous fruits and conpetiolar stipvdes. For the subdivision 
 of Gctt'deniece, the placentation appears to afford good characters, 
 although I have not as yet examined with this view the whole of the 
 genera. Probably three distinct forms will be found : Eugar- 
 deniece, with parietal placentae not reaching the axis ; Randiea, 
 with the ovules more or less immersed in thick fleshy placentse ; 
 and Bertierea, (or say Hameliea ?) with thinner placentre, 
 superficial ovules, and little or no pulp to the berry. Some 
 genera of the last group come into close connection with some 
 Rondeletiets, and from the latter the passage is very gradual 
 into Hedyotece ; yet I am unable to suggest any better distinction 
 between them than those generally adopted. Of the tribe 
 Isertiece, DC, Mttabolos would take its place among HedyotecB, 
 next to Hedyotis {Euhedyoiis, Arn.), from which it differs but 
 slightly as a genus ; Gonzalea among Rondeletiea, close to 
 Lerchea ; Isertia and Bruhismania among Gardeniece {Ber- 
 tierece) . The greater part of the Hameliece would also range in 
 the last-mentioned subtribe ; for which, on that account, the 
 name Hameliea might be retained. Morelia, however, as 
 well as Alibertia, Schradera, and perhaps one or two more, 
 would be classed in the subtribe Randiea. To the same sub- 
 tribe I should refer Cordlera, and a few imperfectly known 
 genera allied to it, in which the ovules are said to be large, 
 fleshy and peltate, but which have most probably large 
 fleshy peltate placentse, with one or more ovules immersed 
 therein, but not easily distinguishable in dried specimens. 
 Among the solitary-ovulated tribes, the only alteration of im- 
 portance which suggests itself is the consolidation of the two 
 tribes of Guettardiece and Coffecece into one, as neither the two- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 379 
 
 or many-celled ovai-y, nor the drupaceous or baccate fruit 
 appear to be sufficiently absolute distinctions to separate tlieni 
 as tribes. The whole might take the name of Coffetea, and be 
 divided into four or five subtribes, chiefly according to the 
 {estivation of the corolla* and insertion of the ovules, viz. : 
 Vanguericce, (including Morindea and Canthium), yviih. a valvate 
 {estivation and pendulous ovules ; Guettardece, with an imbricate 
 aestivation and pendulous ovules ; Ixorece, with an imbricate sesti- 
 vation and laterally attached ovules; Pstjchotriew, (including 
 CejjhaelidecB), with a valvate aestivation and erect ovules. Possibly 
 a fifth might be inserted between Guettardea: and Ixorece, with 
 an imbricate aestivation, like in those two tribes, but diff"ering 
 from Guettardea in the baccate, not drupaceous fruit, and from 
 Ixorece in the ovules suspended from the apex, or nearly so, but 
 I am not acquainted with the fruits of a sufficient number of 
 species of Chomelia, Chiococca, Kraussia, &c., to ascertain 
 whether they can be really so separated from Guettardece even as 
 a subtribe. I am doubtful also whether the few genera wdth 
 an imbricate aestivation, and ovules erect or ascending, should 
 be reckoned among IxorecB, or form an intermediate subtribe 
 between them and Psychofriece. They are chiefly South Ameri- 
 can, and require further examination. 
 1. Sarcocephalus esculentus, Sab. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 368. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 The fruit of this plant appears to me to be improperly 
 described as an agglomeration of berries. The syncai'pium, 
 especially the upper portion, consisting chiefly of the e])igynous 
 discs and summits of the calyxes, is indeed fleshy; but the 
 divisions, formed of the combined parietes of adjoining fruits, 
 are scarcely so ; the two cells of each fruit have no pulp, and 
 the dissepiment which separates them is membranous. The 
 placentae are adnate : the seeds (as yet unripe in the fruit I 
 
 * The imbricately aestivated corollse of Ruhiacece are usually convolute 
 as in Apocyneee ; but since it is frequently difficult, if not impossible to as- 
 certain whether it is so constantly, I have preferred using the more general 
 term imbricated (of which the convolute is a modification) in opposition to 
 valvate. 
 
380 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 examined) are short, orbicular, flattened, with a narrow 
 wing at their apex, and are suspended by tiliforni funi- 
 cuh, sometimes very short, sometimes twice as long as the 
 seed. 
 
 A second species of this genus, with broader leaves and 
 larger stipules, was found by Kotschy in Nubia. 
 1. Stephegyne Africana, Korth. — Nauclea Africana, Willd. — 
 DC. Prod. 3. p. 345. — Nauclea platanocarpa, Planch, in 
 Hook. Ic. PI. t. 787. — Platanocarpum Africanum, Hook. fil. 
 MS. (Tab. XXXVII.)— On the Quorra, at Attah, where it 
 forms a handsome tree of 30 feet high, and at Accra, where 
 it is a bush of little more than a man's height, with 
 white flowers, turning yellowish, Vogel; Sierra Leone, Don ; 
 Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 The confusion which has crept into our synonymy of this 
 plant is owing to Vogel's specimens having been mixed with 
 those of Sarcocephalus, and Dr. Planchon having unfortunately 
 examined a fruit of the latter plant as belonging to the Ste- 
 phegyne. The heads of the true Stephegyne are not far ad- 
 vanced towards maturity ; but the young capsules are precisely 
 as described by Korthals in his generic character, perfectly 
 distinct, though closely connected in a head, with linear pendu- 
 lous placenta;, each bearing several ascending imbricated ovules. 
 I cannot either agree with Dr. Planchon in considering this 
 plant and Sieber's Senegal specimens as specifically distinct from 
 Willdcnow's. The receptacle in all our specimens is certainly 
 pilose, and VVilldenow corrected his first character of " capitulis 
 sessilibus^' to that of " subsessilibus," the peduncle being usually 
 very short beyond the last pair of leaves. 
 
 Tab. XXXVII. Fig. 1. flower with two bracteolre;/. 2. the same 
 in a more advanced stage ; J". 3. young fruit. 
 There is among Vogel's Fernando Po specimens, one without 
 flowers or fruit, but which has the appearance of a species of 
 Sarcocephalus or Stephegyne. It is a tree, with large leaves 
 and A cry large foliaceous stipules, thus far agreeing with 
 Nauclea stipulosa, DC, a Senegambian ])lant, which may 
 very possibly be rcfernble to Stephegyne. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 381 
 
 1. Uncaria Africana, G. Don, Gard. Did. S. p. 471. (Tab. 
 XLII.) — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 
 Tab. XLII. Fig. 1. ripe capsule ; /. 2. the same, with one 
 valve (one half of the calycine tube ?) removed, showing the 
 endocarp (or real capsule ?) and columella ; /. 3. unripe cap- 
 sule ; /. 4. seeds : all more or less magnified. 
 
 1. Crossopteryx /einyM^ff, Benth. ; foliis ovatis glabratis, co- 
 rollse tubo limbo suo triplo longiore, staminibus semiexsertis. 
 — Rondeletia febrifuga, Afz. ex G. Don, Gard. Did. 3. j9. 516. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 The generic character of Crossopteryx may be completed as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Calycis limbus 5-partitus, lobis dentiformibus crectis. Corolla 
 hypocrateriformis, extus villosa, tubo tenui, limbo 5-lobo, 
 laciniis oblongis obtusis festivatione imbricatis, fauce iutus 
 nuda. Stamina ad apicem tubi inserta, antheris oblongis 
 apiculatis plus minus exsertis. Stylus filiformis apice clavato- 
 bilobus. Ovarium biloculare, placentis dissepimento adnatis, 
 ovulis imbricato-appressis. 
 Heudelot^s Senegambian collection contains specimens, both 
 
 in flower and fruit, of C. Kotsdiyana, a species which extends 
 
 into Nubia, and specimens, in flower only, of a new species. 
 In Don's Sierra Leone collection is an imperfect specimen, 
 
 in fruit only, of a plant belonging to the tribe Cinchonece, which 
 
 it is impossible to determine for want of flowers, more especially 
 
 as from the capsules it would appear to form a new genus allied 
 
 to Cascarilla or Remijia. 
 
 1. Gardenia (Macrotheca) Vogelii, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXXVIII. 
 XXXIX.) ; inermis, glabra, foliis membranaceis acurainatis 
 subrepandis, floribus sessilibus, calycis dentibus limbo tubu- 
 loso multo brevioribus strictis acutis, corollse tubo longissimo, 
 limbi lobis oblongo-linearibus, fructu cylindraceo-fusiformi. — 
 Near Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 Folia oblonga, 6-10 poll, longa, alia basi acuta petiolo 5-8 lin. 
 longo sustenta, alia, prsecipue prope basin ramulorum, petiolo 
 brevissimo basi subcordata, omnia in acumen breve obtusum 
 v. acutiusculum apice producta, rigide membranacea, costa 
 
382 FLORA NIGRITIANA 
 
 venisque primariis ntrinque proiiiinulisj retc venularum subter 
 pra;cipuc conspicua. Stipulce in vaginam brevcm irregu- 
 lariter fissam coalitse. Flores ad apices ramulorum solitaiii. 
 Calycis limbus fere pollicaris. Corolla alba, tubo 5-G poll. 
 longOj limbi laciniis sesquipollicaribus leviter obliquis paten- 
 tibus. Frucius cylindraceo-fusiformis, tripollicaris, crassitie 
 digitis niiuoris, sed uiatuvus verosimilitei* major, calycis limbo 
 persistente coronatus, intus unilocularis, placentis 3 parieta- 
 libus stipitatis sed baud ad medium loculi attingcutibus. 
 Semina compressa, pulpa mixta, in specimine noudum nia- 
 tura. 
 
 The Gardenia lutea, Fresen., an Abyssinian and Nubian 
 plant, is also contained in Heudelot's collection ; and tbere is a 
 G. nitida, Hook., from Sierra Leone, which I have not seen, 
 and of which the ovary is undescribed, but which is never- 
 theless most probably a genuine species of the same genus. 
 The three ternate-leaved species enumerated in the Prodromus, 
 G. triacantha, DC, from Senegambia, and G. fernifolia, Thonn., 
 and G. ■medicinalis, Vahl, from Guinea, are entirely unknown to 
 me. 
 
 This genus. Gardenia, well characterised by De Candolle, 
 and subsequently by Wight and Arnott, belongs exclusively to 
 the Old World. It is readily distinguished by its unilocular 
 ovarium and parietal placentae from all others, except perhaps 
 some American Amaiouce and Genipcp, which require further 
 examination. De Candolle, however, in his Prodromus, was 
 obliged to retain under Gardenia many anomalous species 
 which he found there, and of which he had no opportunity 
 of examining the ovary, removing to Randia only such species 
 as he had ascertained to be bilocular. Thence arose the 
 confusion into which these genera have been again thrown by 
 subsequent botanists. 
 
 Amongst the bilocular species collected by authors under 
 Randia, may be observed at least five groups, wliich may be 
 either considered as distinct genera, or as sections of Randia, 
 viz. : 
 1. Rothmannia, remarkable for its long funnel-shaped corolla. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 383 
 
 contains several African and one East Indian species. Amongst 
 tbeni, R. Bowieana differs from the others by the calycine 
 limb divided to the base. 
 
 2. Randia [Ceriscus). Lobes of the calyx not divided to the 
 base of the limb, and often foliaceous. Corolla of a thick 
 consistence, with a short thick tube, and broad, blunt, often 
 undulate lobes. These species are all African or Asiatic, and 
 include, amongst others, R. dumetorum and its allies, as well 
 as Lachnosiphonium, Hochst., in my specimen of Vv^hich at 
 least the ovary has certainly two cells only. 
 
 3. Randia {GenipantJia) . Calycine limb tubular or campanu- 
 late, with short teeth. Tube of the corolla cylindrical, not 
 twice as long as the calyx, lobes pointed. — African species, 
 connecting- Randia with Oxyanthiis. 
 
 4. Randia {Oxyceras). Calycine lobes long and narrow, usually 
 divided to the base. Tube of the coi'olla slender and cy- 
 lindrical, not much longer than the calycine lobes. — All 
 American species. 
 
 5. Randia {Euclinia). Calycine lobes usually short and not 
 divided to the base. Tube of the corolla considerably longer 
 than the calycine lobes, and slightly dilated under the limb. — 
 The genuine species are all American, excepting perhaps one 
 vmdescribed one from Seneganibia, which comes very near 
 to them, and the R. longistyla, differing rather more in 
 the remarkable style, which may probably hereafter be consi- 
 dered as the type of a sLxth group. 
 
 Oxyanthus, with its very slender tubed corolla and small 
 
 calyx, and Griffithia, with a very deciduous limb of the calyx are, 
 
 again, in close connection with the above groups. 
 
 1. Rothmannia Stanley ana, Hook.; foliis subcoriaceis nitidis 
 
 glaberrimis, calycis laciniis subulatis strictis tubo suo multo 
 
 brevioribus, corollse subglabrse v. vix puberulse tubo longis- 
 
 simo. — Gardenia Stanleyana, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4185. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 A specimen in fruit in the Hookerian Herbarium, gathered 
 by Captain Boteler on the Gambia, appears to belong to the 
 
384 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 same species. This fruit, the size of R. Buwieana, is distinctly 
 ribbed. 
 
 The Rothmannia longiflora, Salisb., may possibly be the 
 same as R. Stanleyana ; yet it were better to retaip Hooker's 
 specific name, in order to avoid confusion with the R. Boivieana, 
 which was called Randia loyigijiora by Salisbury. 
 3. Rothmannia malleifera, Hook. ; foliis coriaceis subnitidis 
 
 glaberrimis, calycis laciniis subulatis strictis tubo suo lon- 
 
 gioribus, corolla extus dense tomentosa. — Gardciiia malleifera, 
 
 Hook. Bat. Mag. t. 4307.— Gardenia Whitfieldi, Lindl. Bat. 
 
 Reg. 18i5 sub t. 47. — Sierra Leone, Don, Whitfield, Mi.ts 
 
 Turner. 
 
 Fruit globose, larger than in R. Bowieana, and not ribbed. 
 Lindlcy's synonym, not being taken up in the indexes to the 
 Register, had been nearly overlooked by myself, as it has been 
 by other botanists. 
 3. Rothmannia Boivieana ; foliis membranaceis, novellis hirtellis 
 
 demum glabratis, calycis limbi 5-partiti laciniis linearibus 
 
 subddatatis patentibus, corolla glabra. — Gardenia longiflora, 
 
 Ait. — Randia longiflora, Salisb. — Gardenia macrantha, Roem. 
 
 Schult. Syst. 5. p. 237. — Randia macrantha, DC. Prod. 4. 
 
 p. 388. — Randia Bowieana, Hook. But. Mug. t. 3409. — 
 
 Gardenia longifolia, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 499. — Sierra 
 
 Leone, Don, Whitfield, and others. 
 
 Fruit globose, or somewhat pear-shaped, not ribbed, and 
 nearly an inch and a half in diameter. 
 
 For the history of the synonymy of this plant sec Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. sub t. 4307 ; to which I would only add that the Gardenia 
 Devoniana, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1846, t. (53, appears to be (from 
 the figure) a well-marked, broad-leaved variety at least, if not a 
 good species ; and that although both R. malleifera and R. 
 Boivieana are in Don's Herbarium, it seems to be the latter 
 species only, with membranous leaves, to which he gave the 
 name of longifolia. 
 
 The completely bilocular ovary readily distinguishes the 
 genus from Gardenia, and the long funnel-sha])ed throat 
 
FLORA NIGRJTIANA. 385 
 
 of the corolla from Rundla. Among the preceding species, 
 R. Bowieana and Devoniana differ from the others in their calyx ; 
 all agree in their ovules more or less immersed in a fleshy 
 placenta, which is either adnate to the dissepiment, or sessile 
 and peltate. In the East Indian R. maci'ophylla, Br., the pla- 
 centae of the ovary are stipitate and bifid, nearly as in Mussaenda. 
 I have not had an opportunity of examining the South African 
 species. 
 
 1. Randia (Ceriscus) Sherbormce,\io6k. — Gardenia Sherbornise, 
 Hook. Boi. Mag. t. 40 i4; volubilis, foliis glabi'is coriaceis, 
 pedicellis solitariis axillaribus petiolo. brevioribus bracteatis 
 unifloris, calycis lobis lato-cuneatis foliaceis obtusissimis, 
 corolla infundibuliformi-campanulata calyce duplo longiore, 
 stylo staminibusque inclnsis. — Sierra Leone, Herb. Hooker. 
 
 2. Randia (Ceriscus) Doniana, Benth. — Gardenia calycina, G. 
 Don. Gjard. Diet. 3. p. 497, (non Randia calycina, Cham. 
 Schl.) subscandens ? foliis glabris coviaceis, pedicellis axillari- 
 bus solitariis petiolo brevioribus bracteatis unifloris, calycis 
 lobis lato-oblongis cuneatiave foliaceis acutiusculis, corolla 
 infmidibuliformi-campanulata calycem breviter superante, 
 stylo staminibusque inclusis. — Sierra Leone, Do7i. 
 
 I had some doubts whether this might not be the same as 
 R. SherbornicB, but the leaves are narrower and more pointed, 
 and the corolla considerably smaller. 
 
 3. Randia (Genipantha) acuminata, Bcuth. ; glabra, foliis sub- 
 sessilibus longe cuueato-oblongis acuminatis, corpiibis axilla- 
 ribus breviter pedunculatis, calycis limbo tubuloso minute 
 dentato, corollse tubo cylindrico brevi, lobis acutis. — Gardenia 
 acuminata, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 499. — Pomatium 
 dubium, G. Don, ibid. p. 505. — Sierra Leone, Don; on the 
 Nun River, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor parva. Folia 8-9-pollicaria v. fere pedalia, superne 8-4 
 poll, lata, a medio ad basin angustata, ibidem oblique sub- 
 cordata, apicc abrupte acuminata, rigide membranacea v. char- 
 tacea. Stipula latse, breviter cuspidatae. Peduncidi solitarii, 
 axillarcs, ^-1 poll, longi, apice divisi in ramos breves cymoso- 
 plurifloros. Braclea parvse. Pedicelli brevissimi. Ovarium 
 
 c c 
 
386 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 lineam longum ; calycis limbiis tubulosus 3 lin. CoroUam 
 apcrtam non vidi, scd alabastrum mox florendum tubum 
 ostcndit calycc paullo longiorcm, ct lacinias iis R. genipoifiorde 
 simillimas. Ovarium biloculare ; placentse stipitatse loculos 
 iterum fere dividunt. Ovula numerosa, placentis semiimincrsa. 
 Bacca ovoidea bipollicaris, utrinque subacutata^ longitiidi- 
 naliter costis numerosis obtusis percursa. Sernina compressa, 
 horizontalia, placentis pulposo-carnosis immersa. 
 This s])eciesj if I have made no error in matching the flower- 
 ing and fruiting specimens, differs remarkably from the three 
 following in the size of the fruit, which resembles in some 
 particulai's that of Oxyanthits, of which, however, it has not 
 the flowers. The habit is, in some respects, intermediate 
 between the two genera. 
 
 4. Ilandia (Genipantha) genipaflora, DC. Prod. 4, j)- ^^9. — 
 Niger Expedition, Vogel, without the precise locality ; Sene- 
 gambia, Heudelot. 
 
 The fruit .i« about 4 lines diameter, very much like that of 
 Morelia in appearance, but that it is two-celled only. It is 
 crowned with the tubular limb of the calyx till very nearly ripe, 
 when that part usually falls off. 
 
 5. Ilandia (Genipantha) reticulata, Benth. ; foliis ovali-oblongis 
 acuminatis inter venas transversim reticulatis, floribus axil- 
 laribus breviter pedicellatis fasciculatis, bracteolis in cvipulam 
 connatis, calycis limbo tubuloso breviter dentato. — Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel, Don ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Ramuli et folia novella minutissime puberula, planta cjcterum 
 glabra. Folia breviter petiolata, 3-4-pollicaria, basi acuta, co- 
 riacea, iis R. genipaflora primo intuitu simillima, sed venulse 
 transversse crebrse utrinque prominent dum in R. genipcefloree 
 evanescunt. Stipulce brevissinise, latfe, breviter setacco-cuspi- 
 datse. Flores in cymas contractas dispositi, ad axillas con- 
 gesti, vix petiolum superant. Bractea lineam longje, in 
 cupulam brevem connatte. Calyx 2 lin. longus, truncatus, 
 dcntibus 5-6 brevissimis, in speciminibus floriferis vix con- 
 spicuis, in fructiferis evidentioribus. CoroUae tubus breviter 
 exsertus, faux leviter dilatata, lacinise 5-7, oblongo-lineares. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 387 
 
 acutse, 2 lin. longse, sestivatioue imbricata. Anthera liiieares, 
 acutse, corollam subsequantes. Ovarium biloculare (rarius 
 3-loculare ?) placentis peltatis, ovulis in quoque loculo circa 
 sex immersis. Fructus pisi magnitudine, calycis limbo co- 
 ronatus. 
 
 6. Randia (Genipantha) coriacea, Benth. ; glabra, foliis ovatis 
 oblongisve brevissirae acuminatis crasso-coriaceis vix venosis, 
 floribus axillaribus confertis sessilibus, bracteolis in cupulam 
 connatis, calycis limbo cupulato vix dentato. — Grand Bassa, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Tota planta glaberrima videtur. Folia breviter petiolata, 3-4- 
 pollicaria, basi ssepius acuta, penninervia, rete venularum vix 
 conspicua. Stipulce breves, latpe, longe setaceo-cuspidatae. 
 Flores fere R. reticulata et pariter 5-7-mei-se, sed sessiliores, 
 calycis limbo latiore. Ovarium biloculare. Ovula placentis 
 immersa, in quoque loculo ssepius 4. Fructus ovato-globosus, 
 Isevis, 3 lin. longus. Semina in quoque loculo 1-3, omnino 
 Randia. 
 This and the preceding species have much the habit and 
 
 flowers of Coffea Arabica and its allies, although the structure 
 
 of the ovary is so different. 
 
 7. Randia longistyla, DC. Prod. 4. p. 388.— Gardenia longi- 
 styla, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4322. — Oxyanthus villosus, G. 
 Von. Gard. Diet. 3. p. 494. — Sierra Leone, Don, Whitfield; 
 Senegambia. 
 In the single ovary I examined, the placentae appeared 
 
 scarcely to cohere in the axis, and I have not seen the fruit. 
 
 Possibly this plant may form the type of a distinct genus. 
 
 There is in Heudelot's Senegambiau collection an unpublished 
 
 species of Randia {Genipantha) allied to R. reticulata. 
 
 1. Oxyanthus speciosus, DC. Prod. 4. p. 376. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. — Folia coriacea, basi acuta et subsequalia. 
 
 2. Oxyanthus /ormo^MS, Hook. fil. (Tab. XL. XLL) ; glaber- 
 rimus, foliis amplis oblongis basi obliquis, corymbis multi- 
 floris, calycis dentibus brevissimis acutis, corollse tubo foliis 
 vix breviore. — Cape Palmas, Vogel. 
 
 c c 2 
 
388 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Caulis subherbaceus, erectus, subsimplcx, ramis tetragonis ad 
 nodos supcriores compressiusculis. Folia breviter pctiolata, 
 majoni 8-10 poll, longa, 2^-3 poll, lata, apice breviter acu- 
 minata V. acutiuscula, basi oblique obtusa v. cordata; coriacea, 
 penninervia. Stipulce lato-lanceolatir, interdum fere polli- 
 eares. Corymhus axillaris, breviter pedunculatus, divisus in 
 ramos plures 2-4-floros et fere in paniculam elongatus. Pe- 
 dicelli ebracteati, circiter semipollicares. Calycis tubi pars 
 adnata (sen ovarium) lineam longa, limbus ovario fere jequi- 
 longus. Corollce tubus tenuis, 4-5 poll, longus, limbi lobis 
 angustis pollice brevioribus, a-stivatioue imbricata. Antherce 
 paullo infra apicem tubi subscssiles, lineares, apiculo brevi 
 terminatse. Ovarium biloculare ; placentis peltatis, ovulis 
 numerosis baud immersis. Stylus tubum corollfe subsequans, 
 apice fusiformis et acute brevissimeque bifidus. 
 3. Oxyanthus Tiionnbigii , Bcnth. ; pubescens, foliis oblongis 
 basi valde obliquis truncatis, racemis brevibus plurifloris, 
 calycis dentiljus acuminatissimis. — Ucriana racemosa, Schwn. 
 et Thonn. BesJcr. p. 107. — Accra, Vogel. 
 Although the specimen is only in young fruit, without 
 flowers, I have no hesitation in referring it to Thonning's plant, 
 both from its description, and from the identity of the station. 
 The calyx and the form of the leaves at the base prevent the 
 uniting it with 0. hirsutus, and the pubescence distinguishes it 
 from O. speciosus. 
 
 3. Oxyanthus breviflorus, Benth. ; glaberrimus, ramis ad nodos 
 comprcssis, foliis amplis oblongis basi obliquis, corymbis 
 multifloris, calycis dentibus brevissimis obsoletisve, corolla? 
 tubo brevi. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 The leaves and inflorescence are exactly those of O. formosus, 
 the flowers ai'c too young to judge of their exact size, but they 
 are evidently so very much shorter than those of O. formosus, 
 and the teeth of the calyx so small or so nearly obsolete, that 
 the specimens cannot belong to that species, nor yet to either of 
 those described in the Prodromus. The branches are also 
 much more compressed under the leaves, and the stipules 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 389 
 
 smaller. One specimen is in fruit, which is a hard, almost dry, pear- 
 shaped berry, and about an inch long, with two cells separated 
 by a thin dissepiment almost obliterated in the pulpy placentae. 
 Two other described species, O. tubiflorus, DC, and O. hir- 
 sutiis, DC, are both from Sierra Leone, and there is an unpub- 
 lished one in Heudelot's Senegambian collection. 
 
 The Megacarpha pyriformis, Hochst. Flora, 1844, p. 551, 
 from Port Natal, is evidently an Oxyanthus, closely alhed to 0. 
 breviflorus. 
 
 1. Morelia Senegalensis, A. Rich. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 617. — 
 Aboh, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegal. 
 This genus has considerable affinity with the small-fruited 
 Randice of the section Genipantha, from which it chiefly differs 
 in the ovary being completely divided into four perfect cells. The 
 ovules, of the shape of those of Randia, are two or three in 
 number in each cell, and more or less immersed in a fleshy 
 placenta, peltately attached to the internal angle of the cell. 
 The seeds are precisely those of Randia, 
 
 1. Stylocoi-yne conferta, Benth, ; foliis obovato-oblongis acu- 
 minatis basi acutis subtus ad venas ramulisque minute jjube- 
 rulis cseterum glabris, corymbis terminalibus subsessilibus 
 densis, calycis pubescentis limbo acute 5-dentato, corollse 
 lobis linearibus tubo suo sublongioribus. — On the Nun 
 River, Vogel. 
 Frutex humanse altitudinis. Ramuli juniores compresso-tetra- 
 goni, pilis minutis appresse puberuli, demum glabrati sub- 
 teretes. Stipulce persistentes, latfe, rigide membranaceae, cus- 
 pidatse integr?e v. summse bicuspidatse. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, 
 pleraque obovata cum acumiue seraipoUicari, rarius anguste 
 oblonga, omnia basi acuta, petiolo 5-6-lineari, siccitate nigri- 
 cantia, consistentia rigidule chartacea, supi-a nitidula. Co- 
 rymbus intra folia summa tripartitus, ramis brevibus apice 
 dense cymiferis, cymis singulis 10-20-floris, pedunculis com- 
 pressis bracteisque minutis pubesccntibus. Calycis tubus 
 (seu ovarium) semilineam longus, limbus lineam longus, ad 
 medium divisus in dentes 5 acutos subpatentes, in fructu 
 juniore persistens, in maturo obliteratus. Corolla extus 
 
390 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 glabra, alboviridis ex Vogcl ; tubus tenuis, 2^ lin. longus, 
 intus superne leviter pubcscens ; limbi lacinire 3 lin. longre, 
 acutje, festivatione valde inibricata;. Antherae lineares, ad 
 faucem mediante filamento brevissimo insertae, coroUse laciniis 
 paullo breviores. Stylus corolla paulio longior, apice longe 
 subclavatus, integei-, medio minute papuloso-pubescens. Bacca 
 junior calyce coronata, matura nuda, globosa, 4 lin. diametro, 
 ])ericarpio teuuiter carnoso. Semina in quoque loculo plu- 
 rima, irregulariter Lemispliferica, hilo lato ovato, placeutse 
 peltatim affixa. 
 
 2. Stylocoryne nitidula, Benth. ; ramis glaberrimis, foliis ob- 
 longis longe acuminatis basi acutis ad axillas venarum subtus 
 barbulatis cseterum glaberrimis, corymbis laxis terminalibus 
 V. demum axillaribus, calycis glabri v. apice minute puberuli 
 limbo acute 5-dentato, corollse- lobis oblongo-linearibus tubo 
 sue sublougioribus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, IVhitfield. 
 
 Primo intuitu S. confertcB simillima, sed folia angustiora, longius 
 acuminata, axillse venarum plerreque minute foveolatje v. bar- 
 batse; pubes venarum et ramulorum omnino deest, et vix 
 in inflorescentia apparet, et inflorescentia laxior. Calyces 
 puberuli, lineam longi, dentibus brevissimis. Corolla fere 
 S. coiiferta. Bacca juniores calyce coronatae, demum sub- 
 nudse. 
 
 3. Stylocoryne grandiflora, Bentb. ; glaberrima, foliis oblongis 
 ellipticisve acuminatis basi acutis, corymbis laxis terminalibus 
 sessilibus, calycis glabri limbo truncato obsolete dentate. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Tota planta vel omnino pilis destituta, v. paucissimis munita in 
 ramulos inflorescentise. Ramuli Iseves, teretes v. vix com- 
 pressi. Stipul(B brevissima?, truncatne, margine subciliata? v. 
 brcvissime cuspidatse. Folia 4-6-pollicaria v. etiam longiora, 
 basi longiuscule angustata, apice breviter acuminata, mem- 
 branacco-chartacea, utrinque viridia, Irevia, Corymbi intra 
 folia summa v. in axillis supremis sessile.s, laxe tricbotomo- 
 ramosi, foliis multo breviores. Calyx \\ lin. longus, turbi- 
 nato-globosus, vix obsolctissimc dcntatus. Corollce tubus 
 vircns, poUicc paullo longior, consistcntia quam in affinibus 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 391 
 
 crassiore, vix superue latior ; limbi lacinise 4 lin. lougse, ob- 
 longae, obtusae, albidfe, extus viresceutcs, sestivatioiie valde 
 imbricata. Aritherce ad faucem subsessiles, linearesj lacinias 
 subsequautes. Stylus brevitcr exsevtus, superne leviter in- 
 crassatus. Ovarium ^-loculare, ovulis in quoque loculo Q, 
 placenta membranacea v. vix carnosa immersis. Bacca de- 
 presso-globosa. 
 The three preceding species, as indeed the whole genus 
 
 Stylocoryne, are closely allied to Pavetta in habit as well as in 
 
 flowers, although so far removed by the many-ovulated cells 
 
 of their ovary. 
 
 1. MQmi\?LJasminiJlora, DC. Prod. 4<. p. 390. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don, Vogel, and others; Fernando Po, Vogel. — A plant very 
 nearly allied to the Mussaenda of the section Landia, es- 
 pecially to M. elegans. The flowers, according to Vogel, are 
 white with a yellow eye. 
 
 1. Mussaenda 4/^e/e7, G.Don, Gard. Diet. S. p. 490 ; abortu 
 dioica, ferrugineo-pubescens v. villosa, foliis petiolatis ellip- 
 tico-oblongis breviter acuminatis basi subobtusis, cymis densis 
 masculis niultifloris corymbosis, foeminies solitariis paucifloris, 
 sepalo bracteajformi amplo albido villoso, calycis limbi lobis 
 ovatis foliaceis ovario foemineo niulto brevioribus, corolla 
 dense villosa. — Sierra Leone, Don ; Aboh, Vogel ; South of 
 the Line, Curror. 
 
 Frutex videtur subscandens. Ramuli teretes, pilis brevibus 
 ferrugineis plus minus vestiti. Siipulce lat?e, bifidfe, caducse. 
 Folia 3-5-pollicaria v. raro longiora, latitudine varia, ad venas 
 utrinque ferrugineo-pubescentia et inter venas pilis parvis 
 conspersa, supra siccitate fusca, subtus pallida, veuis paral- 
 lelis prominentibus ; petioli 3-5 lin. longi. Cynice ad apices 
 ramorum deusiflorse, pilis aureis v. ferrugineis dense vestitse, 
 masculpe ssepius 3-4 in corymbum brevem dispositse, foerainese 
 fere semper solitarife videntur. Bractece parvse. Calycis 
 tubus per anthesin in fl. masculis 1| lin. longus, turbinatus, 
 ovarium 2-3-loculare semiabortivum includens ; limbus stel- 
 lato-patens, 4-5 lin. diametro, lobis ovatis acuminatis utrinque 
 villosis ; calycis extimi lobus bractcseformis sajpe 3-pollicaris, 
 
392 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 in vivo (ex Vogel) albiis, in sicco flavicans ; floris foeniinei 
 calycis tubus 5-6 lin. longus, ovarium pcrf'cctum 2-3-loculare 
 multiovulatum fovens. Corolla tubus pollicaris, basi tenuis, 
 supra medium amplior, extus pilis reflexis dense, vcstitus, 
 intus superne pilis longis aureis reflexis elausus. Antherce 
 inelus?e, linearcs, in flore foeminco minores. Discus parvus 
 glaber. St?/lus apice 2-3-fidus, in flora masculo abbreviatus, 
 nune brcvissimus. Fructus oblongo-fusiforaiis, 1;^ poll, lon- 
 gus^ calycis vestigiis coronatus^ durus, siccus, indeliiscens^ 
 extus dense villosus. 
 
 2. Mussaenda ^ra>«^?^ora, Ben th. ; (abortu dioica ?) ferrugineo- 
 villosa, foliis brevissime pctiolatis ovatis oblongisve acumi- 
 natis basi obtusis, cymis (masculis ?) confertis corynibosis, 
 calycis laciniis maximis ovato-oblongis acuminatis foliaceis 
 tubo (masculo ?) pluries longioribus, extima bractea^formi 
 maxima villosa, corolla villosissima. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Ramuli teretes, superne prsesertim pilis longis ferrugineis re- 
 flcxo-patentibus dense vestiti. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, utrinque 
 prsecipue ad venas ferrugineo-pilosa. Cymce in specimine 
 plures, dense 5-6-flora3. Braclea lineares 3-5 lin. longse. 
 Calycis tubus 1^ lin. longus, limbi lobi 9 lin. longi, 3 lin. 
 lati, basi angustiores, apice acute acuminati mcmbranaceo- 
 foliacei (colorati?) utrinque villosi. CoroUam apertam non 
 vidi, alabastra jam calyces excedunt, villosissima sunt, tubo 
 medio dilatato, pili intcriorcs, stamina ct stylus omnino 
 florum masculorum M. Afzelii. 
 
 3. Mussaenda tenuiflora, Benth. ; abortu dioica, scabro-hirtella, 
 foliis pctiolatis oblongo-ellipticis basi acutis, cymis multifloris 
 masculis pluribus pedunculatis foemineis paucioribus, calycis 
 laciniis subulatis tubo sublongioribus, corolla calycc pluries 
 longiore tenui extus villosa, fructu oblongo villoso ecostato 
 calycis laciniis coronato. — Fernando Po, on the sea coast, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Rami ct folia pilis brcvibus rigidis plus minus conspersa v. 
 vestita. Folia 3-5-poIlicaria, brcviter ct acute acuminata, 
 concoloria v. subtus pallida, p(;tiolo brevi rarius ])ollicari. 
 Stipulve ucutcP^ bifldse. Flores masculi in cymas dcnsas con- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 393 
 
 gesti, sessiles. Bractea parv?e. Calycis tubus turbinatus^ 
 1^ lin. lougus, villosus^ laciniis subulatis basi subdilatatis 
 2 liii. longis demum stellato-pateutibus ; lacinia bracteseforrais 
 longe petiolata 2-3-pollicaris, pubescens, albovirens. Corolla 
 pollicaris, tubus tenuis, medio ampliatus, extus vii-idis, iutus 
 a medio ad apicem pilis Havis clausus; limbi lacinise 1^ lin. 
 longse, cuspidatje, reflexo-patentes, aurantiacse. Anthera 
 lineares, inclusfe. Stylus brevis, nunc brevissimus. Ovarium 
 biloculare, multiovulutum, sed post anthesin non grandescit 
 et ovula abortiunt, Flores fceminei in corymbum laxiusculum 
 sinipliciorem dispositi, singuli breviter pedicellati, ovario seu 
 calycis tubo per anthesin ovato-oblongo jam 2-3 lin. longo. 
 Calycis lacinise quam in mare tenuiores. Corolla maris sed 
 in medio minus ampliata, antberis minoribus. Stylus tubo 
 corollse sequilongus, apice breviter bifidus. Fructus coriaceus, 
 exsuccus, bilocularis, semipollicaris. 
 
 4. Mussaenda Isertiana, DC. Prod. 4. p. 371. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Though generally smooth, or nearly so, this plant appears 
 
 to be occasionally hairy. The flowers are like those of M. tenui- 
 
 flora, from which however it is readily distinguished by the very 
 
 small, broadly-lanceolate, pointed divisions or teeth of the calyx. 
 
 /3 ? laxijlora, pilis longis hispida, inflorescentia laxa. — Sierra 
 
 Leone, Vogel. — A single specimen, with a few leaves and two 
 
 fruits remaining on it. These are about 9 lines long, hairy, 
 
 without ribs, and crowned by the very short teeth of the 
 
 calyx. It may possibly be a distinct species, or, on the other 
 
 hand, the mere female individual of M. Isertiana. 
 
 5. Mussaenda (Landia) elegans, Schum. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 372. 
 — Bertiera coccinea, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 506. — Sierra 
 Leone, Aguapim, and Accra, Vogel, Don, and others ; Senegal 
 and Guinea. 
 
 A beautiful plant, with fiery red flowers, near 2 inches 
 diameter when expanded, apparently variable in the hairiness 
 and form of the leaves. The calycine lobes are usually slightly 
 dilated above the middle, and occasionally one of them shows a 
 tendency to expand into a green leaf. 
 
394 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The M. erythrophylln, Sclium. et Thonn., from Guinea, is 
 the only remaining West African species of Mussaenda pub- 
 lished. 
 
 1. Bcrticra Pomatium, Benth. — Pomatium spicatura, Gcertn. — 
 DC. Prod. 4. p. 391. — Wendlandia pilosa, G. Don, Gard. 
 Diet. 3. p. 519. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don ; Senegal. 
 
 I cannot find the slightest character to distinguish Pomatium 
 as a genus from Bertiera. The teeth of the calyx are not really 
 deciduous, but, originally very short, they become worn away as 
 the fruit ripens. 
 
 2. Bertiera laxa, Benth. ; ramulis inflorescentiaque puberulis, 
 foliis oblongis acuminatis basi angustatis supra glabris 
 subtus minute puberulis, thyrsis laxis flexuosis, floribus secus 
 ramos paucis sessilibus, dentibus calycinis minimis, fructibus 
 ])uberulis obscure striatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Ramuli novelli pube minuta subferruginei, rami annotini gla- 
 brati. Stiptda foliacese, utrinque solitaripe, et inter se basi 
 brevissime connate, vaginantes, semipollicares, oblongo-lan- 
 ceolatse, acutse, ferrugineo-puberulse. Folia -i-? poll, longa, 
 li-2 poll, lata, membranacea v. demum subcoriacea, petiolo 
 3-6 lin. longo, Paniculce thyrsoidese, terminales, solitarise 
 V. geminse, foliis summis ssepius breviores, rhachide flexuosa 
 comprcssa ferrugineo-pubescente, bracteis parvis subulatis 
 acutis, ramis paucis simplicibus v. bifidis 3-8-floris. Flores 
 solitarii, secus ramos sessiles v. ramos terminantes. Calyx 
 ])ubcscens, lineara longus, dentibus minutis obtusiusculis vix 
 discum floris superantibus. Corolla (quam ipse non vidi) ex 
 icone a J. D. Hookero ad florem unicum dcpicto, calyce 5-ies 
 longior, infundibuliformis, extus villosa, tubo tenui, limbo 
 5-lobo, festivatione imbricata. Antherce lineares, basi sagit- 
 tatse. Fructus eo B. Guianensis paullo major, costis minus 
 prominentibus, cpeterum oranino conformis, bilocularis, disse- 
 pimento tenui, seminibus angulatis placentse parvis affixis. 
 
 3. Bertiera ? macrocarpa, Benth. — Wendlandia racemosa, G. 
 Don, Gard. Diet. S. p. 519. — Siei'ra Leone, Don. 
 
 The fruit, on Don's specimen, is not a capsule, but fleshy and 
 indehiscent, ovate, about 4 lines long, crowned with the remains 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 395 
 
 of a small cup-sha])cd calycine limb ; it is two-celled, witli 
 stipitate biiid placenta?, and innumerable small flat angular 
 seeds, not imbedded in pulp. The plant is therefore not a 
 Wendlandia any more than the other West African species 
 referred to that genus by Don. The specimen is without 
 flowers, the habit and inflorescence are those of Bertiera, the 
 leaves are 8 or 10 inches long, the branches of the thjTsus very 
 short. The fruit, however, is much larger, and difl"erently 
 shaped from that of any Bertiera I am acquainted with ; the 
 genus must therefore remain in some measure doubtful. 
 
 1. Pouchetia Africana, DC. Prod. 4. p. 393. — Wendlandia 
 virgata, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 519. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel, Don ; Senegal. 
 
 Pedicelli calyce duplo longiores. Ovula in quoque loculo plu- 
 rima, ab apice loculi pendula. 
 
 2. Vo\xchei\2L pai'viflora, Benth. ; foliis ovatis acuminatis, stipulis 
 petiolo sublongioribus, floribus sessilibus in paniculis axilla- 
 ribus fasciculatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor parva, ramis horizontalibus foliisque distichis ex Vog. 
 folia pinnata siraulantibus, tota glaberrima excepta pube in 
 inflorescentia parca, ramulis teretibus ad nodos compressis. 
 Folia breviter petiolata, 3-4-pollicaria, acumine sa^pe semi- 
 pollicari v. longiore, basi acuta^ chartacea, siccitate fusca, 
 subtus pallida. Stipula latse, longiuscule acuminatfe, ca- 
 riuatse, integrse, 2-4 lin. longse. Panicula oppositse, folia 
 subsequantes, parum ramosne, floribus interrupte fasciculatis 
 sessilibus quam in P. Africana multo minoribus. Bractecc 
 minutse. Calyces semilineam longi, dentibus 5 acutis. 
 Corolla alba, infundibuliformis, tubo | lin. longo, limbo tubo 
 requilongo 5-fido, laciniis oblongis patentibus, jestivatione im- 
 bricatis. Stamina ad faucem inserta, filamentis brevissimis, 
 antheris oblongo-linearibus exsertis. Stylus supra medium 
 bifidus. Ovarium biloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo ge- 
 minis, ab apice loculi pendulis. Fructus non vidi. 
 Wendlandia sulcata, of Don, from Sierra Leone, may be 
 another Bertiera or Pouchetia, Ijut there is no specimen in his 
 collection which I can identify with his description. The labels 
 
396 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 " Iledyotis sulcata" and " Hedyotis ])ilosa" were both with the 
 speciuicus of Bertiera Pomatiwn, the former, however, had 
 evidently been misplaced. 
 
 1. Urophyllum riibens, Benth. ; foliis petiolatis elliptico-oblongis 
 
 vix acuminatis basi acutis coriaceis nitidis ramisque gla- 
 
 berrimis, cymis multifloris petiolos vix fequantibus, calycis 
 
 limbo integerrimo. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex orgyalis, ramis teretibus v. vix compressis. Stipulos 
 
 foliacese, lineari-oblongfe v. obovatse, 4-6 lin. longre. Folia 
 
 4-5 poll, longa, 2-24 poU- ^^ta, margine leviter revoluta, 
 
 coriacea, nitidula, penninervia, siccitate rubentia, in vivo 
 
 titrinque viridia; petiolo semipollicari v. paullo longiore. 
 
 Pedunculi axillares^ 3-4 lin. longi, minute puberuli, apice 
 
 cymam ferentes 10-20-floram. Flores fere U. glabri. Calyx 
 
 brevis, limbo cyathiformi truncato edentulo. Corolla \\ lin. 
 
 longa, extus glabra, tubo brevi, intus ad faucem villosissimo, 
 
 laciniis 5 JEstivatione valvatis. Ovarium 4-loculare, disco 
 
 crasso umbilicato radiatim sulcato coronatum. Styhis 5-sul- 
 
 catus, apice fusiformis acutiusculus subbilobus. Ovula in 
 
 loculis numerosa, placentis axilibus vix carnosis affixa. 
 
 There is no doubt that this plant is congener with Uro- 
 
 phylluin, Wall., (1824), which includes Axanthes, Blum., 
 
 (1825), and in many respects allied to U. glabrum, although the 
 
 ovary is only four- celled in the flow'ers I have examined, and the 
 
 style entire, but apparently divisible into two lobes. The 
 
 number of cells varies in some of the Eastern species from four 
 
 to five, in others I find, as in this species, 4 cells w-ith a two- 
 
 lobed style, and sometimes two of the dissepiments have ap- 
 
 })eared to me to be not quite complete. The external furrows, 
 
 in this, as in other thickened styles, depend, not on the number 
 
 of its divisions, but upon the pressure of the external organs — 
 
 the stamens or the edges of the petals, with w^hich they 
 
 generally agree in number. The genus extends over the whole 
 
 of the East, from Madagascar to the Philippine Islands, and 
 
 is apparently numerous in species ; it corresponds among mul- 
 
 tiovulatc Rubiacece to Lasiantlms and Vanguerin among the 
 
 uuiovulate genera. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 397 
 
 2. Uropliylluni h'lrtellum, Bentli, ; ramis pubcrulis, foliis ainplis 
 obovali-ellipticis subacmninatis basi acutis chartaceis subtus 
 hirtis, cymis multifloris fructiferis laxis petiolos siibsequanti- 
 bus, calycis limbo integro. — Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 Ramuli obscure quadrilaterales. Folia 8-10 poll, longa, 3-4 
 poll, lata^ acumine brevi acutissimo^ basi longe angustata in 
 petiolum 1-2-pollicarem, cousistentia cbartacea_, supra minute 
 et sparse puberula, subtus pilis sparsis hirta, venis parallelis 
 more fere Dilleniacearum subtus valcle prominentibus. Nee 
 stipulas nee flores vidi. Baccce magnitudine Ribesios rubrce, 
 juniores limbo calycino tandem fere obliterato coronatse, 4-5- 
 loculares. Semina niunerosa, ut in cseteris speciebus foveo- 
 lato-exculpta. 
 
 1. Sabicea ferruginea, Benth.; ramulis villosis, foliis ovatis 
 oblougisve subtus ferrugineo-tomentosisj stipulis subcordato- 
 ovatis magnis, floribus in capitulo longe pedunculato involu- 
 crato numerosis sessilibus, calycis laciniis lineari-subulatis 
 tubo subduplo longioribus. — Cepbaelis ferruginea^ G. Don, 
 Gard. Diet. 3. p. 605. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Rami scandentes ?, ramuli teretes, uti petioli et nervi foliorum 
 pilis ferrugineis appressis dense vestiti. Folia 3-5-pollicaria, 
 petiolo semipollicari, latins v. angustius ovata, acuminata, basi 
 obtusa, supra siccitate nigricantia, ad venas birtellu et pilis 
 paucis parvis conspersa, subtus dense obtecta tomento ferru- 
 gineo molli. Stipulce petiolo sequilongse v. longiores, foliacese, 
 intus glabrae, extus pilosfe, 3-5-costat8e, integrte et acutius- 
 culse V. superiores bicuspidatrc. Pedunculi in axillis solitarii, 
 3-4-pollicares, ad apicem capitulum ferunt depresso-globosum, 
 1^-2 poll, diametro, 30-50-florum. Bractece involucrantes 
 6-10, foliacese, ovato-lanceolatse, acute acuminatse, flores sub- 
 sequantes, uninerves, pilosse, extimse latiores intima3 angustse. 
 Flores subsessiles, omnino Sabicea, 4-5-meri. Calycis pilosi 
 tubus adbserens 1 lin. longus, pars limbi tubulosa 1 lin., 
 lacinise subulatse molles pilosse 4 lin. longse. Corolla seini- 
 pollicaris, tubulosa, extus basi glabra superne appresse pilosa, 
 intus basi glabra supra medium pilosa, laciniis extus villosis 
 intus basi glaberrimis, sestivationc valvatis. Stamina infra 
 
398 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 mediam tubi inserta, inclusa, filamcntis brevissimis, antherls 
 oblongo-lincavibus. Stylus corollain sequans, apice 4-5-fidus, 
 lobis spatliulatis intus stigmatosis. Ovarium 4-5-loculare, 
 loculis multiovulatis. 
 
 2. Sabicca capitelluta, Benth. ; ramulis villosis, foliis ovatis 
 oblongisve subtus dense albido-tomentosis, stipulis brevibus 
 late rotundatis, floribus in capitulis oppositis breviter pedun- 
 culatis pluribus sessilibus, calycis laciniis linearibus tubo vix 
 longioribus. — Fernando Po, on the sea shore, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex sarmentosus S. cinerece, Aubl., siminima. Folia 3-4- 
 polUcaria, late v. anguste ovata, plus minus acuminata, basi 
 rotundata v. superiora angustata, supra pilis brevibus raris 
 conspersa, subtus tomento albido v. leviter ferrugineo vestita, 
 petiolo semipoUicari v. longiore. Stipulce (saltem supcriores) 
 latiores quam longre, obtusissimse, undulatai. Capitala 6-10- 
 flora, pedunculo 1-3 lin. longo t'ulta, globosa, semipollicem 
 diametro. Bractece involucrantes 4-6, ovatse, acutte, villo- 
 sissimse, exteriores latse concave. Flores 5-meri. Calycis 
 villosissimi laciniae demum stellato-pateutes. Corolla 5 lin. 
 longa, extus superne villosa, laciniis patentibus crassiusculis 
 intus glabris, eestivatione valvata. Fructus pisi magnitudinis, 
 globosus, villosissimus, calycis limbo coronatus, 5-locularis, 
 polyspermus. 
 
 3. Sabicea Vogelii, Benth. ; foliis ovatis oblongisve utrinque 
 viridibus ramulisque hirtis, stipulis ovatis, umbellis breviter 
 pedunculatis multifloris, calycis laciniis linearibus submem- 
 branaceis tubo suo pluries longioribus. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Frutex sarmentosus, habitu et foliis S. hirtcB, S\v., simil- 
 limus. Ramuli tenues, nunc dense hirsuti, nunc fere 
 glabri. Folia 2-3-pollicaria, rarius longiora, plus minus 
 acuminata, basi rotundata v. acuta, utrinque pilis longiusculis 
 hirta, subtus pallidiora, at minime albida nee tonientosa. 
 Stipules quam in S. hirta minus dilatatse. Pedunculi 2-6 
 lin. longi, apice 10-20-flori. Bracteoi involucrantes 2 v. 4, 
 oblongffi. Flores omnes pedicellati, pedicellis valde inrequa- 
 libus (1-4 lin. longis) hirtis. Calycis tubus hirsutissimus, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 399 
 
 vix lineam longus, lacinife 3-4 lin. longse, subfoliacese, supra 
 glabra?, subtus hirsut?e, |-| lin. latae. Corolla calycis laciuias 
 fequans (v. breviter superans ?), lacinise 5, extus villosse, intus 
 glabrae, restivatione valvata. Ovarium 5-loculare, multiovu- 
 latum. Frudus globosus, 1^ lin. diametro, calycis limbo 
 coronatus. 
 /3. villosior, floribus in capitulo [subsessilibus. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 4. Sabicea venosa, Bentli. ; foliis ovatis utrinque viridibus ra- 
 mulisque liirsutis, stipulis ovatis, corymbis breviter peduncu- 
 latis oppositis laxe multifloris, calycis laciniis lineari-lancco- 
 latis tubo suo duplo longioribus corollse tubo niulto breviori- 
 bus. — Virecta lutea, G. Don, Gard. Did. 3. p. 531 ? — Sierra 
 Leone, Don ; Senegarabia, Heudelot. 
 
 Prsecedenti et S. hirtce quoad habitus et folia similis ; bsec vero 
 subtus magis villosa, venis parallelis uumerosis in pagina 
 inferiore prominentibus. Pedunculi 2-4 lin. longi. Flores 
 nee in capitulum nee in umbellam conferti, sed pedunculi 
 ramuli plus minus evolvuntur et cymam formant petiolo 
 sublongiorem. Bradece pauca?, parvse, lanceolatae. Pedi- 
 celli ultimi calycis tubo breviores. Calycis tubus villosus, 
 f lin. longus; lacinise 4 v. 5, insequales, majores 1^ v. raro 
 2 lin. long?e. Corolla tubus villosus, 4 lin. longus, lacinise 
 4-5, intus glabrse. Frudus 1^ lin- diametro, 4-5-locularis. 
 
 5. Sabicea calycina, Benth. ; foliis ovali-oblongis cordatis utrin- 
 que viridibus ramu^lisque hirtellis, stipulis ovatis, umbellis 
 longe pedunculatis multifloris, calycis laciniis majoribus ovatis 
 coloratis tubo multoties longioribus, — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Rami volubiles, pilis appressis plus minus hirti. Folia 3-4- 
 pollicaria, acuminata, basi auriculis rotundatis cordata, mem- 
 branacea, utrinque viridia, ad venas liirsuta et inter venas 
 pilis paucis conspersa. Petioli ssepe pollicares. Stipulce fo- 
 liacese, 3-4 lin. longse. Pedunculi fere glabri, 2-3-pollicares, 
 apice 10-20-flori. Bradem involucrantes semipollicares, ob- 
 tusse, 4 exteriores latissime subcordatse, interiores ovatse, 
 membranacese, virentes v. subcolorataj. Pedicelli valde ina3- 
 quales, uti calyces fere glabri. Calycis tubus lineam longus. 
 
400 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 lacinise 3-5, valdc inscqualcs, iiicmbranacea?, foliacejp, rubi- 
 cuudffi, majores 6-7 lin. longre, 3 lin. latse. Corolla 8-9 liii. 
 loiiga, alba, sJBpius pentamera, glabra, laciniis brevibus ovatis, 
 jestivatione ut videtur valvata. Fructus \\ lin. Igngus, car- 
 nosulus, 4-5-localaris. 
 
 Peltospermum, (gen. nov.) e tribu Rondeletiarum. 
 
 Calycis dentes 5, breves, persistentes. Corolke infundibuli- 
 formis faux intus villosa, linibi lobi 5, subpatentes, sesti- 
 vatione valvata. Stamina versus apiceni tubi inscrta, fila- 
 mentis brevibus. Ovarium biloculare loculis pluriovulatis, 
 disco crasso coronatum, stylo apice oblongo-clavato subin- 
 tcgro. Capsula dicocca, coccis apice loculicidc delusccntibus. 
 Seniina plurima, placent?e carnosa^ peltatiiu affixa, orbiculata, 
 mavgine hyalina at non alata. — Frutex Africanus. Stipuhe 
 utrinque solitarire lata? cuspidat?e. Panicula terminalis, 
 raniis oppositis bifidis, tloribus secus ramulos sessilibus. 
 
 1. Peltospermum ^anicw/a^Mm, Benth. — Fernando Po, on the 
 sea coast, Vogel ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Frutex ex Vog., arborcscens, ramis teretibus v. comprcssius- 
 culis. novellis minute bifariam puberulis, adultis glabratis. 
 Stipulce breves, latae, herbacere, acumine subulato brcvi 
 cuspidatse, glabra;, deciduse v. ])otius setate obliteratfe. 
 Folia ovato-lanceolata v. oblonga, acuta, basi cuneata, 3-4 
 poll, longa, merabrauacea, pennineivia, glabra v. ad venas 
 subtus pubcrula, petiolo 3-6 lin. longo. Panicula ter- 
 minalis, laxe thyrsoidea, semipcdalis ad pedalem, glabra v. 
 minute pubcrula, ramis oppositis inter se distantibus vigidis 
 2-4-pollicaribus infra medium bifidis v. inferioribus iteruni 
 paniculatis. Folia floralia infima interdum caulinis sub- 
 similia, cffitcra ad bracteas rcducta. Bractea vamulorum 
 minuta;. Flores secus ramulos 1-3-natim sessiles, uno srepc 
 in bifurcatione alari. Calyx | lin. longus, tubo omnino 
 adnato, limbo in dentes 5 parvos acutos Eequales diviso. 
 Corolla 4 lin. longa, extus glabra, intus ^upra medium pilosa, 
 tubus tenuis supra medium in faucem ampliatus; limbi 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 401 
 
 lacinise breves, acutfe, vix patenteSj intus extnsque glabrse, apice 
 brevissirae inflexo-mucvonatse. Anthera parvfe, versus apicera 
 tubi (ad basin faucis) subsessiles, omnino inclusse. Stylus 
 apice dilatatas in massam oblongam vix brevissirae emargi- 
 natam. Cajisnla subglobosa, dura, 1^-2 lin. longa, dentibus 
 calycinis coronata, maturitate septicide bipartita, coccis apice 
 breviter transversim deliiscentibus. Placetifa dissepimento 
 peltatim affixse, crassse, carnos?e. Semina in quaque placenta 
 circa 15, semiimmersa, irregulariter orbiculato-depressa, testa 
 membranacea in niarginem periphericam hyalinam sed crassi- 
 usculam nee vere alseformem dilatata. Embryo brevis. 
 The affinity of this genus with Lerchea is evident, but 
 independently of the great difference in habit and inflo- 
 rescence, the fruit of Lerchea consists rather of the in- 
 dehiscent cocci of Metabolos and Gonzalea than of the 
 dehiscent capsules of the majority of Rondeletiecs, and the 
 included stamens, the seeds and placentation will supply suf- 
 ficient distinctive characters between the two genera; whilst 
 those indicated by Bennett as separating Lerchea from TVend- 
 landia and other Rondeletiea, M'ill also serve to separate Pelto- 
 spermum from them. The margin of the seed shows (at least 
 in the dry state) an approach to the wings of some Cinchoneous 
 seeds, but less decided than in several plants retained among 
 Rondeletiea. The inflorescence of our genus is that of Bertiera, 
 but the carpological, as well as floral characters, are very 
 different. 
 1. y'lYecidi procumbens, Sm. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Of the Virecta muWflora, Sm., I have a Sierra Leone spe- 
 cimen, but not from either of the collections now described. 
 The V. paniculata, Don, from Sierra Leone, is not in his her- 
 barium under that name, and probably does not belong to 
 the genus. V. ela/ior, DC, from Angola, is unknown to me, 
 and may possibly be a Pentas. 
 
 The Argostemma pumilum, Benn., from Sierra Leone, is not 
 in our collections. 
 
 1. Tenths parviflora, Benth. in Bot. Mag. sub t. 4086. — Accra, 
 VogeL 
 
 D D 
 
402 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Rami volubiles, novelli pilis paucis brevibns siibglandulosis bir- 
 tellij demum glabrati. Stipules brevitcr vaginantes, setis 
 utrinque 2-3 glandulosis. Folia 2-3 poll, longa^ circa pol- 
 licem lata, acutiuscule acuminata, basi in petiolum brevem 
 angustata, membranacea, utrinque \aridia, subtus pallidiora, 
 supra pilis brevibus raris conspersa, subtus ad costas pinnatas 
 elevatas pubescentia, inter costas subavenia, glabra. Cym<2 
 terminales, pedunculatse v. rarius foliis floralibus 2 stipatse 
 quam folia caulina niulto angustioribus. Flores secus cymse 
 ramos breves subfasciculatos subsessiles. Bractece parvse, 
 lanceolatse. Calycis extus glanduloso-hirtelli tubus semi- 
 lineam longus, limbi laciuice 6, lineares, subfoliacese, ina?- 
 quales, majores lineam longse. Corolla, ex Vog. coerulescens, 
 extus glabra; tubus 3 lin. longus, intus supra medium bar- 
 batus, cseterum glaber ; lacinise 5, vix | lin. longa), acutius- 
 culse, utrinque glabrae, sestivatione valvata v. vix leviter imbri- 
 cata. Stamina tubo inclusa, in parte superiore intra pilos 
 inserta, filamentis brevibus, antheris linearibus medifixis. 
 Ovarium biloculare, placentis peltatis, ovulis numerosis non 
 immersis. Stylus apice clavatus, bifidus. Capsula septicide 
 breviter divisa, coccis intus apice debiscentibus. Semina 
 angulata. 
 
 This genus was founded on the Pentas carnea of our gardens, 
 the origin of which is unknown, but is most probably Tropical 
 African. Two other W. African species, Vireda elatior, DC, 
 from Angola, and Hedyotis pentandra, Schum. et Thonn., from 
 Guinea, have been referred to the same genus, though with 
 some doubt. 
 
 1. Kohautia n^irfa, Benth. ; ramis trichotomis fasciculatis di- 
 varicatis, foliis anguste linearibus obtusis, stipulis vaginanti- 
 bus breviter setiferis v. nudis^ floribus trichotome corymbosis, 
 corollse lobis oblongo-linearibus, capsula dentes calycinos su- 
 perante. — West Africa, south of the Line, Curror. 
 Caules rigidi, cphedroidei, ramuli sfepe fasciculati, foliis abortivis 
 intermixtis. Folia pauca, distantia, l-l^-poUicaria, crassius- 
 cula, avenia. Inflorescentia K. grandiflora, sed flores minores 
 K. strictce. Calyx turbinatus, semilineam longus, dentibus 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 403 
 
 latis obtusiusculis. Corolla intus extusque glabra; tubus 
 fere 5 lin. longus, tenuis, superne abrupte ampliatus et sub 
 limbo constrictus ; limbi laciuite 1 \ lin. longse, sestivatione 
 levissinie imbricatse. Capsula compresso-globosa, calycis 
 tubo omniuo adnato fere duplo longior, apice loculicide 
 dehiscens, ad medium deutibus calycinis parvis circumdata. 
 Semina plurima (in quoque loculo 8-10), placentis crassius- 
 culis semiimmersa, ovoidea, lateraliter affixa. 
 
 2. Kohaut'ia parvijlora, Benth. ; foliis lineari-subulatis margine 
 subrevolutis, stipulis vaginantibus utrinque bisetis, floribus 
 secus ramos paniculse 2-3-cliotomos breviter pedicellatis sub- 
 fasciculatis, corollae parvse laciniis oblongis, calycis dentibus 
 acutissimis capsulam superantibus. — Attah and Accra, Vogel, 
 Ansell, Don. 
 
 Caules ramosissimi, erecti, virgati, graciles, glabri. Folia tenuia, 
 rigidula, majora pollicaria, pleraque multo minora. Inflo- 
 rescentia irregulariter fasciculato-corymbosa, pedicellis ultimis 
 ssepius calyce brevioribus v. paullo longioribus. Denies ca- 
 lycini tubo calycis florentis turbinato longiores, acutissimi. 
 Corolla vix 2 lin. longa, laciniis limbi sestivatione subvalvatis, 
 cseterum uti antherse et stylus omnino Kohautics. Capsula 
 compressa-globosa, subdidyma, vix apice brevissime libera, 
 dentibus calycinis acutissimis distantibus coronata, loculicide 
 bivalvis. Placenlce crassiusculse, seminibus numerosis angu- 
 latis semiimmersis. 
 This may possibly be the Hedyotis strida, Sm., from Sierra 
 
 Leone, but it certainly is not the Kohautia stricta, DC, from 
 
 Senegal, which that author describes as having the tube of the 
 
 corolla 5 lines long. 
 
 Besides the K. stricta, there are three other W. African 
 
 species known, all from Senegal, viz. : K. grandiflora, DC, 
 
 K. Senegalensis, Cham. Schl,, and an undescribed small-flowered 
 
 one. 
 
 1. Oldenlandia virgata, DC Prod. 4. p. 425. — Accra, Don; 
 Sierra Leone. 
 
 2. Oldenlandia herbacea, DC Prod. 4. p. 455 ? var. csespitosa, 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 FLORA NIGR1TIA.NA. 
 
 procumbens. — Cape Pahnas, Voyel. — A small plant, with the 
 habit of O.pumila, but with the capsules of O. het'bacea and 
 corymbosa. I have not been able to find any flowers. The 
 «pecies to which I have referred it is apparently £i common 
 one in Tropical countries. 
 
 3. Oldenlandia corymbosa, Lam. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 426. — In 
 various parts along the coast and on the Niger. — It is another 
 of the common Tropical weeds. The lower part of the plant 
 in the African specimen is sometimes hairy, and the stipules 
 vary much in length. 
 
 4. Oldenlandia laxijlora, Benth. ; glaberrima, caule elongato, 
 foliis subsessilibus oblongis lanceolatisve uninervibus flaccidis, 
 pedunculis axillaribus elongatis apice laxe dichotomis, calycis 
 fructiferi truncati dentibus 4 parvis remotis. — On the Nun 
 Rivei', Vogel. 
 
 Caules flaccidi, pluripedales. Folia 2-3 poll, longa, \-\ poll, 
 lata, tenuia, Isetevirentia. Stipule vaginantes, truncatfe, 
 nud^e V. utrinque 1-2-seta?. Pediinculi axillares, 5-2-polli- 
 cares, apice dichotomi, ramis divaricatis, pedicellis ultimis 
 3 lin. longis unifloris. Corollas non vidi. Calyces fructiferi 
 1^ lin. longi, paullo latiores, lateraliter compressi, apice trun- 
 <;ati, dentibus parvis acutis. Capsida calyce paullo brevior, 
 apice rima loculicida dehiscens. 
 
 This appears to have some affinity with 0. macrophylla and 
 0. pentandra, but the former is described as having the pe- 
 duncles racemiferous, with opposite pedicels, and the latter 
 as being pentamerous, on which account it may possibly be 
 a species of Pentas, although the number of parts is not the 
 character to be relied on for the distinction of the latter genus. 
 
 Besides the four species above enumerated, seven species of 
 Oldenlandia are described as West African, viz. : O. sabulosa, 
 DC, O. riparia, DC, O. linearis, DC, and 0. macrophylla, 
 Lepr. Perr., from Senegal ; 0. lancifolia, DC, O. longifolia, 
 DC, and 0. pentandra, DC, from Guinea ; but these annual 
 weeds vary so much in appearance, according to age, season, 
 or station, that it is very probable a more careful investigation 
 would much reduce the supposed number of species. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 405 
 
 There is also one true Hedyotis, from Senegambia; H. 
 Goreensis, DC. 
 
 Otomeria, (gen. nov.) e tribu Hedyotidearum. 
 
 Char. Gen. — Calycis tubus oblongus, limbus 4-5-partitus, la- 
 cinia altera foliacea cseteris multo longiore. Corolla tubus 
 filiformis, apice paullo dilatatus, ad faucem intus pilosus, 
 limbi laciniis 5 lineari-oblongis, gestivatione imbricata. An- 
 thers lineares, intra villos faucis subsessiles. Stylus disco 
 carnoso impositus, filiformis^ apice vix brevissime bifidus. 
 Ovarium biloculare^ loculis multiovulatis. Capsula oblonga, 
 calycis laciniis coronata^ submembranaceo-dicocca, coccis intus 
 longitudinaliter dehiscentibus placentas lineares denudanti- 
 bus. Semina plurima ovoidea v. angulata. — Habitus Otio- 
 phora. 
 
 1. Otomeria Guineensis, Benth. — Grand Bassa^ Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 Svffrutex ramosus, bipedalis; ramis herbaceis teretibus v. 
 obsolete tetragonis^ prsesertim ad nodos pilosis, demum gla- 
 bratis. Vagince stipulares brevissimse, divisse in lacinias 
 ciliseformes pilosas utrinqiie circa 6. Folia petiolata, 1-1 1- 
 poUicaria, ovata, acutiuscula, basi cuneata, membranacea, 
 penninervia, ad costas petiolosque parce pilosa, caeterum glabra. 
 Spicce terminales, solitariae v. ternse, semipedales, glabrse v. 
 minute puberulse, interrupte multiflorse. Flares secus rhachin 
 geminatim sessiles, fasciculis alternis, in spica juniore ap- 
 proximatis, demum remotis, bracteis minutis fultis. Calycis 
 tubus glaber, per anthesin lineam longus, lacinia maxima 
 2 lin. longa, oblonga v. lanceolata, viridis, glabra, cseterse 
 multo minores, dentiformes, inter se insequales, una ssepe 
 deficiente. Corolla tubus tenuissimus, 3 lin. longus, 
 extus subglaber; limbi lacinise vix lineam longse, extus hir- 
 tellse, intus glabrae. Capsula 2 lin. longa, lateraliter sulcata. 
 Semina in quoque loculo ]0-20, mutua pressione difFormia, 
 testa tenui foveolato-exculpta, albumine carnoso, embiyone 
 recto. 
 This curious genus has so exactly the peculiar inflorescence 
 
406 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 and flowers of Otiophora, Zucc, (from Madagascar), that I 
 could scarcely convince myself that it was really distinct without 
 the examination of a considerable number of ovaria and capsules 
 of both plants, the one being constantly polyspermous, and 
 therefore a Hedyotidea, whilst the other has the monospcrmous 
 cocci of Spermacoceoi. 
 
 1. Morinda quadrangularis, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 545. — 
 Sierra Leone, Do7i, Vogel. 
 
 This is a true Morinda, with the leaves nearly of M. citrifolia, 
 and is allied to that species, but is remarkable by the quadran- 
 gular branches and compressed peduncles. The heads of flowers 
 are also much smaller than in M. citrifolia. 
 
 2. Morinda lucida, Benth. ; arborea, glaberrima, ramis subte- 
 retibus, foliis brevissime petiolatis ovalibus nitidulis, stipulis 
 abbreviatis, pedunculis oppositifoliis subternis compressius- 
 culis, capitulis parvis globosis. — On the Quorra and Fernando 
 Po, Vogel. 
 
 Folia fere M. citrifolia, 5-6-pollicaria, sed petiolus vix 2-2^ 
 liu. longus et consistentia forte subcarnosa. Stipulce in 
 ramulis novellis brevissimsc, lat?e, subbifidse, mox fere oblite- 
 ratas, Pedunculi tenues, sesquipollicares. Capitula quam 
 in M. citrifolia multo minora. Baccce in capitulo paucae, 
 omnino connata^ in syncarpium subglobosum 8-9 lin. dia- 
 metro, singulse 4-pyrcnse, pyrenis monospermis. 
 
 3. Morinda longifiora, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 555. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 Frutex scandens, ramulis floriferis supra-axillaribus oppositis. 
 Pedunculi in axillis oppositi, et ad apices ramulorum terni, 
 breves, 3-5-flori. Ovaria connata, 4-loculariaj loculis uni- 
 ovulatis. Calycis limbus cupularis, truncatus, ovario a3qui- 
 longus. Corolla fere bipollicaris. 
 
 Another specimen, gathered by Vogel in Fernando Po, looks 
 very much like Don's plant, but it is in leaf only, with the remains 
 of fruit-bearing peduncles. One of these peduncles has at its 
 extremity a singular peltate expansion, the nature of which 
 does not clearly ajipear. 
 
 Three other published Morinda are from W, Tropical Africa: 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 407 
 
 M. geminata, DC, from Senegal, which appears to diflfer from 
 M. lucida chiefly by its pubescence ; M. palmetorum, DC, 
 from Senegal, and M. chrysorhiza, DC, from Guinea, which 
 latter is very near to M. quadrangularis. 
 
 1. Cuviera acutiflora, DC Prod. 4. p. 468. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don, Whitfield; Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Folia alia 4-6 poll, lata, subsessilia ; alia longiora, angustiora, 
 distincte petiolata, omnia coriacea, basi subsequalia et acuta. 
 Cymce dichotomse, paniculseformes, multiflorse, in axillis su- 
 perioribus v. ad apices ramulorura opposita?, breviter pedun- 
 culatse. Br acted lineares, basi angustatfe, 3-6 lin. longse. 
 Flores sessiles. Calycis lacinise 3-4 lin. longse, bracteis 
 similes. Corolla tubus 2 lin. latus, late turbinatus, intus 
 extusque glaber nisi intus medio pilis paleaceis reflexis 
 densis annulatus; lacinise 4 lin. longse, lanceolatse, subulato- 
 acutissimse, rigidulse, aestivatione valvata, per anthesin reflexse. 
 Antherce parvse, oblongse, mediantibus filamentis brevibus ad 
 sinus laciniarum corollse affixse, per anthesin extus reflexfe. 
 Ovarium 5-loculare, ovulis solitariis, infra apicem affixis, 
 pendulis. Drupa ovoidea, 9-10 lin. longa, obtuse pentagona, 
 calycis laciniis coronata, intus pentapyrena. 
 
 2. Cuviera subuliflora, Benth. ; foliis oblongis basi obliquis 
 subcordatis, cymis axillaribus subsessilibus floribundis, corollse 
 laciniis longissime subulato-acuminatis. — Fernando Po, on 
 the sea shore, and, apparently the same species, at Aboh, 
 growing in the water, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex arborescens, totus glaber, ramulis Isevibus subteretibus. 
 Folia subsessilia, semipedalia ad pedalia, breviter acuminata, 
 basi valde obliqua lata v. angustata et plus minus semicor- 
 data, consistentia chartacea v. vix coriacea. Stipula latae, 
 connatse, in specimine plerseque jam detritse. Cymce panicu- 
 Iseformes, bre\iores confertiores et sessiliores quam in C. acu- 
 tiflora. Bractece et lacinise calycinse multo longiores et 
 acutiores, post anthesin accretse ; lacinias vidi calycinas usque 
 ad pollicem longas et bracteas sesquipollicares, per anthesin 
 tamen breviores et angustiores sunt. Corolhe, in specimiui- 
 bus male desiccatse, iis C. aculifloroi paullo minorcs sunt, 
 
408 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 laciniis tamen acuuiine subulato 3-4 lin. longo terminatis. 
 Annulus interims tubi e paleis brevibus retlexis constat. 
 Stamina versus apicem tubi inserta, antheris ovato-oblongis 
 connective acuminatis. Ovarium S-loculare^ ovulis solitariis 
 pendulis. Stigma C. acutiflorce. 
 
 The Pachystiyma venosum, Hochst., from South-east Africa, 
 appears to be a third species of Cuviera, a genus which comes 
 very near to Vangueria and Canthium, as well in inflorescence, 
 aestivation, style and ovules, as in the curious ring of reflexed, 
 often scaly hairs, in the tube of the corolla. 
 
 The Ancylanthus rubiginosus, Desf., from Angola, is not 
 among our collections. 
 
 1. Vangueria? canthioides, Benth. ; incrmis, pubescenti-hirta, 
 foliis ovatis oblongisve acuminatis basi rotundatis, cymis bre- 
 vissime pedunculatis subtrifloris, corollfe pentamerse tubo 
 supra medium annulato. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Habitus fere Canthii discoloris, sed ovarii loculi 4 v. rarius 3. 
 Ramuli pihs brevibus rufis hirti. Folia vix bipollicaria, ob- 
 tuse acuminata, subtus paUida, utrinque pilis brevibus hirtella. 
 Flores breviter pedicellati. Calyx hirtellus, f lin. longus, 
 limbo brevissimo 5-dentato. Corolla extus glaber; tubus 
 calyce duplo longior, intus supra medium pilis longis reflexis 
 paleaceis annulatus ; limbi lacinife glabrae, reflexae, tubo vix 
 breviores. Stylus apice globoso-capitatus, obsolete 4-den- 
 tatus. 
 
 As Vangueria and Canthium are only known from each other, 
 when in flower, by the number of cells of the ovary, this plant 
 must, in the absence of fruit, be referred to the former genus, 
 although in habit it comes so very near to some Canthia. 
 1. Canthium horizontale, Benth. — Phallaria horizon talis, Schum. 
 et T/ionn. Beskr. p. 112. — Cape Coast, Vogel ; Guinea. 
 Although I have not seen Thonning's specimens, his descrip- 
 tion indicates most clearly a Canthium, and Vogel's single 
 specimen, although in fruit only, agrees with it as far as it 
 goes. Like the rest of the genus, the fruit is generally very 
 oblique, and reduced to a single cell, although occasionally a 
 perfect didymous two-celled berry is met with. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 409 
 
 2. Canthium discolor, Benth. ; inerme v. rarius spinosum, foliis 
 ovatis oblongisve acuminatis basi cuneatis subtus pallidis ad 
 venas raruulisque novellis riifo-pubescentibus, cymis pedun- 
 culatis ramosis multifloris, corollse pentamerse tubo ad me- 
 dium anniilato. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel. 
 Specimina inermia, ramo vmico vetustiore excepto^ cui spinse 
 axillares oppositse divaricatse 8-10 lin. longse (pedunculi abor- 
 tivi ?) ; partes novelli pube brevi rufescunt, adulti glabrati. 
 Folia subbipollicaria v. raro longiora, acumine brevi obtuso, 
 basi acuta v. obtusiuscula at minime cordata, consistentia 
 membranaceo-cbartacea^ supra siccitate fusca, subtus pallida 
 sublutescentia, reticulato-venosa ; petiolo bilineari. Stipulce e 
 basi latiuscula subulatse, 1-3 lin. longse. Cym(e breviter pe- 
 dunculatfe, multiflorse^ dimidium folii sub?equantes. Calycis 
 limbus 5-fidus, lobis parvis ovatis obtusiusculis patentibus. 
 Corolla 2 lin. longa, tubuloso-campanulata, intus versus 
 medium pilis reflexis subpaleaceis annulata, caeterum intus 
 extusque glabra, lobis 5 reflexis dimidium tubi sequantibus, 
 sestivatione valvata. Stylus exsertus, apice nodoso-incrassatus, 
 summo apice minute bifidus et stigmatosus, sub stigmata ap- 
 pendice mitrseformi auctus. Fructus ut in affinibus nunc 
 didymus, nunc loculo altero abortiente dimidiatus, obliquus. 
 I should have taken this for the Phallaria spinosa, Schum. 
 et Thonn.j but that the two branches of each cyme are said to 
 be in that plant simplicissimi, and the leaves are described as 
 larger. 
 
 3. Canthium hispidum, Benth. ; foliis brevissime petiolatis cor- 
 dato-ovatis oblongisve ramulisque pilis longis sparsis hispidis, 
 cymis brevissime pedunculatis dense multiiloris, calyce trun- 
 cato vix dentato, corollse tubo laciniis longiore. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 Ramidi volubiles, pilis longis fuscis patentibus hirti. Folia ma- 
 jora 4-pollicaria, late cordato-ovata, ramealia ssepe vix pollice 
 longiora, basi leviter cordata v. rotundata, omnia acuminata, 
 supra siccitate nigricantia, pilis longis conspersa, subtus 
 pallida pilis rarioribus. Stipulae breves, cuspidatse, hir- 
 
410 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 sutse, caducse. Inflorescentia C. Cornelia, v. cynije brevius 
 pedunculatse. Calyces parvi^ dense villosi. Corolloi 3 lin. 
 longse, S-merse, extus glabrae, intus more affinium pilis longis 
 paleaceis reflexis annulatse. Ovarii loculi 2. Fructus non 
 vidi. 
 4. Canthium anomocarpum, DC. Prod. 4. p. 475. — Niger Ex- 
 pedition, without the exact locality, Vogel; Senegal. 
 Vogel's specimens have smaller and more shining leaves than 
 the Senegambian ones, but both appear to belong to one 
 species, both agreeing with De Candolle's characters, and having 
 the young shoots compressed, the stipules narrow, rigid and 
 acute, the cymes reduced to a head or umbel, either all but 
 sessile, or borne on a peduncle about a line long. The fruit- 
 bearing pedicels are from half an inch to an inch long, but 
 from the remains of flowers, it is evident that they were much 
 shorter at an earlier stage. The fruit is usually dimidiate, as 
 described by De Candolle, yet occasionally a perfect didymous 
 one may be observed. 
 
 The remaining W. Tropical African species of Canthium are : 
 C. Cornelia, Cham. Schl., C. subcordatum, DC, and C. Sene- 
 galense, A. Rich., {Plectronia hirsuta, DC.) from Senegambia ; 
 C. Thonningii, {Phallaria spinosa, Schum. et Thonn.), from 
 Guinea, and two undescribed species in Heudelot's Senegambian 
 collection. 
 
 The genus Canthium should without doubt be placed next to 
 Vangueria and Cuviera, in the subtribe for which I have pro- 
 posed the name of Vanguieriea ; as a genus, it should probably 
 include (as partly suggested by Arnott and others) Plectronia, 
 Linn., Psydrax, G?ertn., Dondisia, DC, Phallaria, Schum. et 
 Thonn., Mitrastigma, Harv., Psilostema, Klotzsch., and Chio- 
 cocca barbata, Forst. On the other hand, Kraussia, Harv., 
 {Carpothalis, E. Mey.), referred to Canthium by Endlicher, 
 is very different, both in the estivation of the corolla and the 
 form of the fruit. Mitriostigma, Hochst., again, diflfcrs still 
 more widely, being a Gardenieous genus, closely allied to 
 Fernelia, notwithstanding the character assigned to it bv 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 411 
 
 Hochstetter, which can only be explained by the supposition 
 that he had unfortunately examined flowers and fruit belonging 
 to widely different genera. 
 
 Craterispermum, (nov. gen.) e subtribu Vanguieriearum. 
 
 €har. Gen. — Calycis linibus brevis, subsinuatus. Corollte tubus 
 brevis, limbi lacinise 5, inflexo-acuminatre, sestivatione indu- 
 plicato-valvata. Stamina ad faucem inserta ; filamenta brevia, 
 antherse oblongse, subexsertse. Stylus apice clavatus sub- 
 integer. Ovarium biloculare, ovulis solitariis ab apice loculi 
 pendulis. Bacca globosa, Isevis, abortu (an constanter ?) 
 unilocularis, monosperma. Semen pendulum, hemisphseri- 
 cum, extus Iseve, intus excavatum fere pateriforme, albumine 
 carnoso-subcorneo, embryone parvo. — Frutex Africanus, cy- 
 mis densis multifloris axillaribus pedunculatis. 
 1 . Craterispermum laurinum, Benth. — Coffea laurina, Smeathm., 
 
 DC. Prod. 4. p. 499. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel. 
 Frutex glaberrimus, siccitate flavicans. Ramuli crassi, novelli 
 compressiusculi. Folia 5-6-pollicaria, obovali-oblonga, bre- 
 vissime et obtusa acuminata, basi in petiolum longe angus- 
 tata, rigida, coriacea, reticulato-venosa. Stipula latse, sub- 
 connatse, acutiusculse, cauli adpressse. Pedunculi axillares v. 
 supra-axillares, ancipites, \-\ poll, longi, apice cymam densam 
 subcapitatam ferentes, ramis brevissimis crassis compressis. 
 Flares arete sessiles, ad apices ramulorum cymse dense aggre- 
 gati. Calyx semilineam longus. Corolla fere Psychotrice, 
 li lin. longa, (apertam tamen non vidi) ; tubus brevis, intus 
 fere usque ad faucem glaber et nudus, fauce laciniisque intus 
 villosulis. Bacca subexsucca, pisiformis, siccitate viridi-fla- 
 vescens, 2-3 lin. diamctro, calycis vestigiis oblique umbilicata. 
 Semen loculum fere implens ; albumen sectione transversali 
 hippocrepicum. 
 
 With the flower of a Psychotria, and the fruit nearly that of 
 Chasalia, this plant has the axillary inflorescence and pendulous 
 ovules of the Vanguieriece. From Coffea, to which it had been 
 referred from imperfect examination, it differs in several es- 
 sential characters, both in the flower and fruit. 
 
412 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 * 
 
 Cremaspora, (geu. nov.) 
 
 Char. gen. — Calycis limbus campanulatus, 5-dentatus. Corolla 
 hirta, intus ad faucem leviter pilosa ; tubus brevis ; limbi 
 patentis lacinise 5, oblongse, ^estivatione imbricata. Stamina 
 ad apicem tubi inserta, filameutis brevibus, antheris oblongo- 
 lincaribus. Stylus birtellus apice (integer?) acutiusculus. 
 Ovarium biloculare, ovulis solitariis ex apice loculi pendulis. 
 Bacca ovoidea^ Isevis. Semen abortu (an constanter ?) soli- 
 tarium, Iseve, raphe distincto percursum, albumiue corneo 
 baud excavato, embryone parvo. — Frutex ? Africana, floribus 
 parvis, in capitula axillaria subsessilia confertis, bracteis in- 
 termixtis. 
 1. Cremaspora Africana, Benth. — Coffea hirsuta, G. Don, Gard. 
 Did. 3. p. 581.— Sierra Leone, Don; also apparently the 
 same species in the Island of Zanzibar, on the S. E. coast of 
 Africa, Helsing. and Bojer. 
 Ramuli pubescentes v. hirtelli. Stipules utrinque solitariae, e 
 basi dilatata subulatse, deciduse, 1-3 lin. longse. Folia ovata 
 V. oblongo-elliptica, 3-4 poll, longa, breviter acuminata, basi 
 rotundata v. acutata, supra glabra, nitidula, subtus praesertim 
 ad venas hirtella, petiole brevi hirtello v. pubescente. Flores 
 vix petioles exccdunt, uti bractcte dense sericeo-villosi. Calyx 
 vix 2 lin. lengus, dentibus acutis erectis. Corolla calyce 
 subduplo longior, Antherce corolla brevieres. Bacca 4 lin. 
 longa, calycis vestigiis coronata, abortu (in specimine exami- 
 nato) unilocularis, monosperma. Semen Iseve, ad latus in- 
 terius raphe tenui percursum. 
 
 Although Don's specimens are very imperfect, they are suffi- 
 cient to show great discrepancies from the character of Coffea^ 
 to which genus he had referred them. The structure of both 
 flower and fruit, confirmed by very good Zanzibar flowering 
 specimens in the Hookerian Herbarium of what appears to 
 be the same species, shows great affinity to Kraussia, also a 
 S. African plant, but the form of the fruit, as well as some 
 peculiarities in the calyx and style, and the general habit, have 
 induced me to establish it as a distinct genus. It is not im- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 413 
 
 posible, however, that the discovery of other species, or a better 
 knowledge of the present one, may hereafter render it necessary 
 to unite Cremaspora with Kraiissia. 
 
 1. Baconia corymhosa, DC. Prod. 4. p. 485. — Sierra Leone, 
 Whitfield; Senegal. 
 
 The Senegambian collection contains also a second unpub- 
 lished species, with nearly sessile leaves. The genus has the 
 imbi-icate aestivation and terminal inflorescence of Ixora and 
 Pavetta, but the ovules are attached much higher up in the 
 cells, so as to be nearly pendulous, besides the slight differences 
 in the flower pointed out by De Candolle. 
 
 1. Coffca Arabica, Linn. — C. stenophylla, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 
 3. p. 581. — Commonly cultivated along the coast, and also 
 perhaps indigenous. 
 
 The Coffee plant appears to be very variable in the size and 
 form of its leaves. A specimen of VogeFs, cultivated at Cape 
 Palmas, (with the observation that it is wald in Monrovia), has 
 the leaves 10 inches long and 4 inches broad. In Don's C. ste- 
 nophylla, from Sierra Leone, they are 4 or 5 inches long, 
 by about 1^ broad, with rather long points. Other specimens 
 are intermediate, and some even have them still narrower than 
 Don's. The genus, confined to its proper limits, has the sesti- 
 vation and placentation of Ixora and Pavetta, with an axillary 
 inflorescence and a peculiar seed. 
 
 The Coffea microcarpa, DC, from Senegambia, if a true 
 Coffea, is unknown to me. 
 
 1. Ixora brachypoda, DC. Prod. 4. p. 488. — Sierra Leone, 
 Grand Bassa, Cape Palmas, &c., Vogel, Don, and others ; 
 Senegal. 
 Folia valde variabilia, pleraque descr. CandoUei conforniia, 
 summa ssepe minora, subsessilia, basi late rotundata, ramealia 
 interdum angusta, basi et apice acuta, longius petiolata. Co- 
 rymbus laxus, terminalis, pedunculo foliis breviorev. longiore. 
 Calycis denies brevissimi. Corolla alba, apice rosea ; tubus 
 9-10 lin. longus, limbi lacinise acutiusculse, oblongo-lineares, 
 glabrae v. vix pilis paucissimis hirtella;, more generis sestiva- 
 tione contorto-imbricatse. Fructus globosus, pisiformis. 
 
414 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The Lvora laxiflora, Sm., which I have from an old Sierra 
 Leone collection, is very much like the above, but the stipules 
 are much smaller, and the lobes of the corolla are more or less 
 haiiy on the upper side. 
 
 2. Ixora Gumeensis, Benth. ; glabra, foliis breviter pctiolatis 
 elliptico-oblongis vix acuminatis subcoriaceis laevibus, co- 
 rymbo subsessili foliis multo breviore, calycis limbo truncato 
 subintegerrimo, corollse laciniis tubi dimidio subbrevioribus. 
 — Guinea coast, [Herb. Hook.) 
 Specimen imperfectum, Pavettis nonnullis simile, sed stylus 
 apice bifidus. Stipula breviter vaginantes, in speciraine fere 
 destructse. Folia 5-6 lin. longa, 2 poll, lata, consistentia 
 coriacea, et minus venosa quam in plerisque locoris. Petioli 
 marginati, 3-4 lin. longi. Corijmbus trichotomus, ramis com- 
 pressis. Corolla tubus 7 lin. longus, lacinise glabra3 3 lin. 
 longfe, Fructus non vidi. 
 
 1. Pavetta Oioariensis, Pal. de Beauv. ? Fl. Oiv. et Ben. \. p. 
 87. t. 52. — On the Quorra, Vogel ; Oware, Beauvois. 
 
 Specimina fructifera tantum adsunt, tota siccitate luride virentia. 
 Ramuli juniores compressi. Stipiilce latfe, acuminat?e, cras- 
 siusculffi; paucissimse tamen in speciminibus supersunt. 
 Folia 4-6 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata, basi in petiolum sub- 
 pollicarem augustata, subcoriacea, la^via, pennincrvia, obscure 
 venulosa. Corymbus foliis summis multo brevior, pcdunculo 
 3-6 lin. longo compresso, ramulis trichotomis pariter com- 
 pressis, pedicellis ultimis superne incrassatis (fructiferis) 2-3 
 lin. longis. BacccB ovoideo-oblongse, 3-4 lin. longre, encrves, 
 calyce minuto coronatse, at nondum maturse. Flares non 
 vidi. 
 
 2. Pavetta neurocarpa, Benth. ; glabra, stipulis caducis, foliis 
 pctiolatis elliptico-oblongis anguste acuminatis basi acutis, 
 corymbis terminalibus subsessilibus, baccis depresso-globosis 
 tenuiter costatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Specimina omnia fructifera, primo intuitu iis P. Owariensis 
 simillima, sed fructus forma distincta. Folia 6-8 poll, longa, 
 circa 3 poll, lata, apice abrupte producta in acumen angustum 
 acutissimum 6-8 lin. longum, basi srepius imeqiialia sub- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 415 
 
 coriacea nitidula, nervis pinnatis subtus prominulis, petiolo 
 1-1 poll, longo. Stipule ovatffi^ cito deciduse. Inflorescentia 
 P. Owariensis, at pedunculas brevior, interdum subnullus. 
 Flores desunt. Baccce exsuccse, fere 4 lin. diametro^ latera- 
 liter subcompressse, in vivo ex Vog. albidse^ calycis vestigiis 
 umbilicatse, costis 8 tenuibus percursse, pericarpio tenui, intus 
 biloculares dispermse. Semina hemispha3rica, intus plana et 
 medio dissepimento affixa, extus convexa Irevia, testa tenui, 
 albumine carnoso-corneo intus excavato. Embryo parvus. 
 
 3. Pavetta genipafolia, Sebum, et Tbonn. Beskr. p. 78. — Sierra 
 Leone and Cape Coast, Vogel -, Guinea. 
 
 These specimens also are in fruit only, they agree, however, 
 with Tlionning's description. The old leaves become smooth 
 even underneath in some specimens, in others they are pubescent 
 underneath. The corymb is dense, but when in fruit cannot be 
 called globose. The seeds are hemispheerical, plane on the 
 inner surface, with the albumen hollowed out as in P. neuro- 
 carpa. 
 
 4. Pavetta ? Icevis, Benth. ; glaberrima, foliis longiuscule petio- 
 latis ellipticis oblongisve breviter acuminatis basi longe an- 
 gustatis coriaceis Isevibus, pedunculis axillaribus petiolo lon- 
 gioribus laxe trichotomis multifloris. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex in omni parte glaberrimus, Isevis ; ramulis teretibus v. 
 ad nodos compressis. Stipulee triangulares, acutse v. biden- 
 tatse, cito destructse. Folia 6-8-pollicaria, paucivenia, cras- 
 siuscula, costa media subtus lata prominula, marginibus sub- 
 tus recurvis. Pedunculi ssepius ex una tantum axilla orti, 
 (an potius terminales ramo axillari excurrente ?) 2-3-pollicares, 
 angulati, apice in ramos tres laxe plurifloros divisi. Flores 
 mihi desunt. Baccce in vivo rubrse, magnitudine Pisi, semi- 
 nibus hemisphsericis, albumine intus non excavato. 
 
 5. Pavetta ? ienuifolia, Benth. ; glaberrima, foliis petiolatis 
 ovalibus v. oblongo-ellipticis breviter et obtuse acuminatis basi 
 angustatis membranaceis, pedunculis axillaribus petiolo bre- 
 vioribus trichotomis multifloris. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Prsecedenti affinis, sed folia membranacea, petiolis brevioribus. 
 
416 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 venis magis approximatis ; pedunculi raulto breviores et flores 
 confertiores. Baccce ex Vog. pariter rubr?e. 
 The two last species differ in some respects from the gene- 
 rality of the genus, for the inflorescence is apparently axillary, and 
 the albumen is not excavated on the inner face. There are no 
 flowers to enable me to ascertain whether there may not be 
 other differences. 
 
 The other West Tropical African species known are : P. 
 Smeathmanni, DC, from Sierra Leone, which appears to be 
 nearly allied to the two last, P. pnrviflora, Afz., and P. siib- 
 glabra, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, and P. canescens, DC, 
 from Angola. Some of these plants may, howevez-, possibly be 
 referrible to Stylocoryne. 
 1. Rutidea parviflora, DC. Prod. 4. p. 495. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don, IVhitfield ; Cape Palmas, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 Frutex scandens. Folia 2-4-pollicaria, acuminata, infra medium 
 
 angustata, basi obtusa v. subcordata, breve petiolata. Corolla 
 
 sestivatio imbricata. Ovarium uniloculare, o\'ulis geminis e 
 
 basi cavitatis ascendentibus. Fructus luteus, magnitudine Pisi. 
 
 AVith the flowers nearly of a Pavetta, but pentamerous and 
 
 smaller, this plant has the ovary of a Faramea, and an albumen 
 
 much more ruminate than in any Grumilia. 
 
 1. Grumilia psychotrioides, DC. Prod. 4. p. 495. — On the 
 
 Niger, at Aboh, V^ogel ; Senegal. — These specimens, like 
 
 those described by De Candolle, are in young fruit only, and 
 
 afford no farther illustration of the real affinity of the plant. 
 
 1. Chasalia ? laxiflora, Benth. ; glabra, (scandens?), stipulis 
 
 brevibus truncatis subconnatis, foliis oblongis acuminatis 
 
 basi acutis, panicula laxa terminali pauciflora, bracteis sub- 
 
 nullis, calycis limbo minute dentato disco oblongo multo 
 
 breviore. — Sierra Leone, Don ; Grand Bassa, Ansell. 
 
 Frutex videtur, ex omni parte glabcrrimus, ramis volubilibus 
 
 teretibus Isevibus. Stipulce brevissimse, membranacese, cauli 
 
 appressse, cito decidure v. destructor. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, 
 
 nunc anguste oblonga, nunc elliptica, v. fere ovata et obovata, 
 
 longiuscule acuminata, basi angustata, petiolo subsemipollicari. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 417 
 
 Panicnla terminalis^ pedunculata, foliis paiillo longior v. 
 brevior, glabra, raraulis brevibus oppositis subcompressis 
 cymoso-paucifloris. Bractece ad squamas minimas reductse, 
 V. rarius par foliorum floralium adest sub ramis infimis pani- 
 culfe. Pedicelli liueam longi, cum ovario et calyce continui. 
 Calycis limbus minutus, deutibus acutis vix conspicuis. 
 Corollee tubus 4-5 lin. longus, angulatus, extus glaber, 
 intus basi glaber, ad faucem pilis paucis viUosulus ; limbi 
 lacinise oblougse, crassiusculse, apice inflexse, sestivatione 
 induplicato-valvatse. Stamina supra medium tubi inserta; 
 filamenta brevia ; antherse longe lineares, medifixje, tubo 
 inclusse v. vix exsertse. Discus epigynus oblougus, trun- 
 catus, fere | lin. longus. Stylus apice bifidus, lobis com- 
 planatis summo apice triangularibus stigmatosis. Ovarium 
 biloculare, ovulis e basi loculorum erectis solitariis. 
 Altbougb I have not seen the fruit of this species, I have 
 little hesitation in referring it to that group of Chasalice which 
 includes a number of East Indian plants hitherto placed in 
 Psychotria, although differing both in flower and fruit from the 
 genuine Psycliotrice, whether East Indian or American. They 
 all agree with Chasalia in the lengthened tube of the corolla, 
 and the smooth fruit, with the albumen exceedingly hollowed 
 out on the inner face : they only differ, indeed, from the Mau- 
 ritius specimens by their laxer habit and more slender flowers.* 
 2. Chasalia parviflora, Benth. ; glabra, stipulis brevibus con- 
 natis brevissime acuminatis, foliis oblongis acuminatis basi 
 acutis, corymbo terminali multifloro, floribus aggregatis. 
 
 • Amongst the East Indian species which should be thus transferred 
 to Chasalia may be mentioned Psychotria ophioxy hides. Wall., P. ctcrvi- 
 Jlora, Wall., P. ambigua, Weight et Am., n. 8358, 8361, 8363 and 8390, 
 of WaUich's Catalogue, and n. 2317 of Cuming's Malacca plants. The P. 
 adenophylla. Wall., and n. 8345 of his Catalogue are Grumilice, but P. 
 elliptica, Roxb., (P. Reevesii, Lindl.), appears to me to be rather a true 
 Psychotria. Ptederia ternata. Wall., Psychotria oxyphylla. Wall., and 
 n. 8342 and 8389 of Wallich's Catalogue, seem to be species of 
 Geertnera. 
 
 E E 
 
418 FLORA NTGRITIANA. 
 
 calycis limbo brevissimo truncate disco late depresso breviore. 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex mediocris, ramis debilibus. Stipulce in cupulam latam 
 brevem et brevissime bifidam connatse^ ramo haud-appressse. 
 Folia 2-3-pollicaria, membranacea, acumiue vulgo brevi, basi 
 in petiolum 3-6 lin. longum angustata. Peduncidi termi- 
 nales, pollicares, trichotomi, ad ramos inferiores sjepius fo- 
 liorum floralium pare unico bracteati^ ramulis brevibus, flo- 
 ribus ad apices ultimorum subcapitato-congestis, corjanbo 
 toto foliis multo breviore. Corolla tubus 1^ lin. longus, limbo 
 5-partito, lobis late oblongis glabris tubo suo duplo breviori- 
 bus, sestivatione ut videtur valvata, flores tamen vix perfectos 
 vidi. Bacca, adbuc immatura, globosa, Isevis, 2 lin. dia- 
 metro, calycis vestigiis umbilicata, dipyrena. Semina ut in 
 speciebus Asiaticis hemispbferica videntur et albumine 
 excavato concavo-pateriformia, sed matura milii desunt. 
 
 1. Psychotria? reptans, Bentli. ; caule lignoso reptante v. 
 scandente, ramis brevibus erectis birsutis, foliis oblongis 
 acuminatis subglabris, stipulis utrinque in unam magnam 
 cordatam bifidam subconnatis, paniculis pedunculatis multi- 
 floris axillaribus subterminalibusque, corollje laciniis tubi 
 dimidium vix supcrantibus apice dorso appendiculatis. — Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 
 Caules prostrati radicantes v. subvolubiles, lignosi, apliylli. 
 Ramuli crecti scmipedales v. vLx longiores, uti petioli et pe- 
 dunculi pilis ferrugineis dense vestiti. Stipula 4-6 lin. 
 longse, utrinque solitaria^ et bifidpe v. fere ad basin divisse, 
 lobis stipulisve singulis semicordatis basi bre%dter adnatis 
 apice acuminatis margine undulatis. Folia 2-4-pollicaria, 
 breviter petiolata, basi acuta v. rotundata, membranacea, 
 glabra v. ad venas subtus hirtclla. Panicula ovatse v. co- 
 r)'mbiformes, pedunculatse, foliis breviores, ramis oppositis 
 apice breviter trichotome cymosis. Bractea ad ramos pri- 
 maries opposita?, angustse, acutse, ramis breviores. Flores in 
 cymis conferti, parvi. Calyx vix semiliueam longus, dentibus 
 4 triangularibus acutis. Corolla tubus glaber, 1^ lin, longus j 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 419 
 
 faux intus villosa ; lacinise lanceolatse, acutse, extus versus 
 
 apicem tuberculo cristaeformi appendiculata?, iutus fere glabrte. 
 
 Stamina inclusa. Stylus exsertus, lobis subteretibus longius- 
 
 culis apice subcapitato-stigmatosis. 
 
 Not having seen the fruit, I am rather doubtful whether this 
 may not be another species of Chasalia, but the general ap- 
 pearance is that of Psychotria, and it is evidently allied to the 
 following : 
 
 2. Psychotria obscura, Benth. ; glabriuscula, scandens, foliis 
 breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis oblongisve acuminatis, 
 stipulis magnis utrinque geminis v. subconnatis singulis ovato- 
 lanceolatis acuminatis, paniculis pedunculatis laxis axiUaribus, 
 cymis ultimis ebracteatis, corollse laciniis tubi dimidium sub- 
 seqantibus apice dorso appendiculatis. — Accra, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex ramulis elongatis scandentibus glabris v. minute pube- 
 rulis. Stipules fere semipollicares, caducse. Folia subtri- 
 pollicaria, membranacea, glabra v. subtus minute puberula, 
 petiolis 1-2 lin. longis. Pedunculi 1^-2-pollicares, ramis 
 oppositis apice cymiferis. Bractea angustse acutse ad ramos 
 primarios. Flores P. reptantis, sed paullo majores, tubo fere 
 2 lin. longo. Stamina (in specimine) exserta. Stylus in- 
 clusus. Bacca rubra, putamine 10-costato dipyreno. Semina 
 dorso sulcata, sulcis costisque illis endocarpii oppositis, at 
 albumen non ruminatum ut in Grumiliis. 
 
 3. Psychotria Doniana, Benth. ; ramis pubescentibus, foliis 
 amplis oblongo-lanceolatis basi longe angustatis, stipulis latis 
 apice bidentatis, pedunculis axillaribus brevibus apice tricho- 
 tomis, cymis ultimis subcapitatis ebracteatis, pyi'enis obtuse 
 costatis. — St. Thomas, Don, a single specimen with a single 
 fruit and remains of abortive flowers. 
 
 Rami juniores compressi, demum teretes, pube brevissima scabri. 
 Folia 7-8 poll, longa, 2 poll, lata, Isetevirentia, subtus pallida, 
 membranacea. Stipula 2 lin. longse, membranacese v. sub- 
 cartilaginese, deciduee, Pedunculus petiolo brevior ; cymis 
 ultimis capitato-multifloris. Bacca 3 lin. diametro. 
 
 4. Psychotria latistipula, Benth. ; subglabra, foliis amplis 
 
 E E 2 
 
420 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ovatis ellipticisve breviter acuminatis, stipulis late obovato- 
 orbiculatis acutis bifidisve deciduis, paniculis axillaribus bre- 
 viter pedunculatis cymis ultimis umbellatis, bracteis ovato- 
 lanceolatis involucrantibus, baccis subglobosis pedicellatis 
 acute costatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Fi'utex videtur ex omni parte glaber v. tomento ferrugineo parco 
 in inflorescentia parti'busque novellis pubescens. Folia 5-6 
 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata, membranacea, glabra, basi in 
 petiolum semipoUicarem angnstata. Stipula semipollicares, 
 margine iimbriatse. Pedunculus communis vix petiolum 
 sequans, ramis paniculse oppositis trichotomis. Bractece fo- 
 liacefe, oblongo- v. ovato-lanceolatse, inferiores ad ramos pani- 
 culse semipollicares, interiores sub cymis ultimis 2-4 lin. 
 longse, acutse. Flores desunt. Pedicelli fructiferi 1-li lin. 
 longi, subumbellatim aggregati. Baccce 2 lin. diametro, in 
 sicco insigniter costatse. Semina dorso Isevia, nee sulcata. 
 5. Psychotria Vogeliana, Benth. ; ramis pubeseentibus, foliis 
 ovali-ellipticis utrinque angustatis chartaceis supi'a nitidulis 
 subtus pubeseentibus, stipvilis latis utrinque acutis bitidis 
 lacerisve, paniculis axillaribus longiuscule pedunculatis tri- 
 chotomis, cymis ultimis subcapitatis, bracteis lato-ovatis, 
 baccis ovoideis costatis. — On the Quorra, at Aboh, Vogel. 
 Frutex 3-5-pedalis. Bami novelli compressi, demum teretes, 
 breviter pubescentes. Stijmlce 3-4-lineares videntui', sed fere 
 omnes jam delapsfe. Folia 4-5-pollicaria, rigidiora quam in 
 prsecedentibus, siccitate ferruginea, costis subtus valde pro- 
 minentibus pubeseentibus, inter costas fere glabra. Pedvnculi 
 2-3-pollicares. Bracte(B lata?, margine lacerse, 2 lin. longa?, 
 ultimse sub cymis ultimis subconnatfe. Flores non vidi. 
 BacccB 3 lin. longa?, brevissime pedieellatse, endocarpio 10- 
 costato, seminibus leviter sulcatis. 
 
 This species is nearly intermediate between Psychotria and 
 Cephaelis, but cannot be separated generically from P. latifolia. 
 Six species of Psychotria are enumerated by Schumacher and 
 Thonning from Guinea, none of which I am able to identify, 
 and probably some of them do not belong to the genus as now 
 limited. Amongst them, P. multifiora must be near to my P. oh- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 421 
 
 scura, differing in the entire stipules and short peduncles ; 
 P. obvallata is probably a Geophila, P. cltrysorhiza, a Morinda, 
 and P. KoUy, possibly, an Ixora ; P. umbellata and P. triflora, 
 if true Psychotrice, arc very different from any species known to 
 me. P. anyustifolia, G. Don, from Sierra Leone, is probably 
 either a Pavetta or a Stylocoryne. 
 
 1. Cephaelis coriacea, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. p. 606; glabra, 
 foliis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque angustatis tenuiter coriaceis 
 nitidulis, stipulis amplis bitidis bipartitisve, pedunculis mo- 
 nocephalis, bracteis pluribus subconnatis flores tequantibus, 
 calycibus glabris breviter dentatis. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Ramuli juniores et pedunculi compressi, demum teretes. Folia 
 3-4 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata, basi in petiolum brevem an- 
 gustata, venis pinnatis subtus prominentibus, utrinque ni- 
 tidula, subtus pallida. Stipules foliacete, semipoUicares, de- 
 ciduse, summse angustse. Pedunculi foliis breviores. Capi- 
 tulum hemisphsericum, multiflorum. BractecB circa 8, majores 
 fere semipoUicares, ovato-lanceolatse, interiores minores, omnes 
 foliaceee. Calyx brevis, limbo cupulato irregulariter dentato 
 non ciliato. Corolla glabrae tubus 3 lin. longus, limbi lacinise 
 linea breviores, sestivatione valvatse ; faux pilis paucis annulata. 
 A?it.her(e exsertse. 
 
 2. Cephaelis bidentata, Thunb. in Rcem. et Schult. Syst. 5. 
 p. 214 ? abortu dioica, glabra, foliis ovatis oblongisve char- 
 taceis nitidulis, stipulis amplis bidentatis, pedunculis 1-3- 
 cephalis, bracteis 2-4 latis connatis floribus brevioribus, calycis 
 dentibus ciliatis, baccis ovoideis costatis. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel, Don ; Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, Vogel ; Sene- 
 gambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Arbor parva v. frutex elatus ramosus, v. interdum reptans v. 
 subscandens. Ramuli novelli compressi, mox teretes. Stipulce 
 latse, subsemipollicares, apice acute bidentatse v. breviter 
 bifidse, margine undulate, basi cordato-adnatse. Folia nunc 
 3-4-pollicaria, nunc duplo majora, venis parallelis pinnatis 
 prominulis, basi angustata, petiolo nunc vix 2-3 lin., nunc 
 pollicem longo. Pedunculi axillares, ancipites, 3-6 poll, longi ; 
 foeminei 1-cephali v. rarius 2-cephali, masculi srepius 3- 
 
4 '22 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 cephali. Brudece in involucrum bifidum lobis bidentatis 
 connatae, crassiusculse, subcamosfe^ in capitulo foemineo flores 
 fere ajquantes, in masculo iis multo breviores. Capitula be- 
 misphserica, dense multiflora, floribus subsessilibus-, recepta- 
 culo carnoso. Culycis limbus cupulatus, lineam longuSj den- 
 tibus 5 longe et irregulariter ciliatis. Corolla glabra, alba, 
 3 lin. longa, fauce ampla, lobis 5 brevibus. Stamina in 
 masculis, stylus in foemineis, exserta. Pedicelli fructiferi 
 plus minus evoluti, interdum lineam longi. Bacc<s 2 lin. 
 longffi, endoearpio seminibusque insigniter costatis sulcatis- 
 que. 
 
 It is possible tbat more than one species may be here con- 
 founded, although I am unable to distinguish them in the 
 dried specimens. 
 
 1. Geophila reniformis, Cham, et Schlecht. DC. Prod. 4. j9. 537 ; 
 var. ? foliis obtusissimis retusisve. — On the Nun, Vogel ; St. 
 Thomas, Don. 
 
 The leaves are more deserving of the epithet reniform, than 
 the generality of the South American specimens, yet as far as 
 the specimens go, they do not show any other distinctive 
 character. 
 
 2. Geophila hirsuta, Benth. ; foliis cordato-ovatis oblongisve 
 acutiusculis utrinque ad venas petiolisque hirsutis, pedunculis 
 abbreviatis, (bracteis subulatis ?), — On the Nun River, Vogel. 
 
 Affinis G. violacecB, sed folia superiora angustiora, tota planta 
 siccitate nigrescit et raulto hirsutior est quam unquam vidi 
 varietates G. violacece. Cahjcis lacinise pilis longis ciliatse. 
 Specimina flores paucissimos ferunt. Planta, teste Vogelio, 
 dioica est. 
 A third species, near G. reniformis, with remarkable broad 
 
 bractese, is in Heudelot^s Seuegambian collection. 
 
 1. Octodon filifolium, Thonn., DC. Prod. 4. p. 540. — On the 
 Quorra, Vogel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 1. Borreria Kohauiiana, Cham, et Schlecht., DC. Prod. 4. p. 
 541. — Frequent in cultivated grounds, Senegal and Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel, Don, and others ; also Cape Verd Isles, (supra 
 p. 133), and apparently S. E. Africa. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 423 
 
 2. Borreria ramisparsa, DC. Prod. 4. p. 544. — St. Thomas^ 
 Don; Senegal. — var. major multiflora. — On the Quorra, at 
 Patteh, Vogel. 
 
 A common Tropical Brazilian weed^ with exactly the appear- 
 ance of B. parviflora, but in the African, as well as in the 
 American specimens, two of the calycine teeth are always very 
 minute. 
 
 1. Spermacoce Ruellia, DC. Prod. 4. p. 554. — Accra, Vogel, 
 Don; on the Quorra, Vogel, Ansell; Senegal. 
 
 These specimens appear to combine the characters of *S^. 
 Ruellia: and S. galeopsidis, DC. The length of the teeth 
 of the calyx is variable. The species is very different from any 
 other I am acquainted with, and remarkable for the size of the 
 capsules. 
 
 2. Spei'macoce palmetorum, DC. Prod. 4. p. 553 ? — Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel. 
 
 This agrees better with Thonning's description of his Dioidia 
 scahra than with De Candolle's character of 8. palmetorum, to 
 which he refers Thonning's plant with doubt. The leaves are 
 oblong-lanceolate, the calycine teeth very unequal, one or two 
 of them being longer and broader than the rest. 
 
 3. Spermacoce pilosa, DC. Prod. 4. p. 553. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 4. Spermacoce sp., near S. phyllocephala, DC, but with broad 
 leaves. — A single imperfect specimen from Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 Three other species have been described from W. Tropical 
 Africa: S. phyllocephala, DC, S. stachydea, DC, and S. chce- 
 tocephala, DC, all from Senegal. 
 1. Mitracarpium Senegalense, DC. Prod. 4. p. 553. — Sierra 
 
 Leone, Vogel; Accra, Don; Cape Verd Isles, Senegal, 
 
 Guinea and Nubia. 
 1. Diodia arenosa, DC Prod. 4i. p. 564 ? — Sierra Leone, Don ; 
 
 a Brazilian species. 
 
 The specimen is barely in flower, and insufficient to charac- 
 terize it if it be really distinct from the Brazilian plant, of which 
 it has all the appearance. It is very near D. ariiculuta, but 
 
424 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 has larger leaves, which are rough on both sides. The flowers 
 are also larger, and the calycine teeth longer. The stipular ciliae 
 are occasionally expanded into short linear leaves. 
 
 2. Diodia maritima, Schum. — DC. Prod. 4. p. 564. — On the 
 Nun River, Vogel ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 3. Diodia breviseta, Benth. ; caule scandente, ramis tetragonis, 
 angulis pubescentibus, foliis ovali-lanceolatis oblongisve utrin- 
 que acutatis scabris, stipularum setis fructu brevioribus, ver- 
 ticillis multifloris, calycis laciniis 4 reflexis fructu oblongo 
 Isevi ecostato subtriplo brevioribus. — -Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Very near to the West Indian D. scandens and D. sarmen- 
 
 tosa, differing chiefly in its numerous small fruits, with a much 
 thinner pericarp. 
 
 4. Diodia (Ilcxasepalum) vaginalis, Benth. ; procvimbens, gla- 
 bra, foliis scssilibus oblongo- v. lineari-lanceolatis rigidis, 
 eiliis stipularibus rigidis subdilatatis, fructibus oppositis a 
 dorso comprcssis acute costatis calycis laciniis subsenis coro- 
 natis. — At Grand Bassa and on the Nun, creeping in the 
 sands, Vogel. 
 
 Folia subbipollicaria, 2-3 lin. lata, basi interdum ad margines 
 brevissime ciliata, costa crassa subtus prominula. Stipularum 
 vaginae 2-3 lin. longse, nunc internodiis longiores subimbri- 
 catse, nunc dissitse ramo inter nodos compresso-tctragono ; 
 ciliae rigidse, acutse, interdum subfoliacea^, circa 2 lin. longje. 
 Corolla G lin. longa, faucc ampla. Fructus dicoccus, coccis 
 a dorso valde comprcssis, lateribus suberoso-dilatatis, margi- 
 nibus acutis, dorso tricostato. Semen compressum, prope 
 basin affixum. Embryo fere albuminis longitudine, ra- 
 dicula recta cotyledonibus sublongiore, ad basin fructus 
 spectante. 
 
 This agrees with De Candolle's description of Hexasepalum 
 angustifolium, from Mexico, in every respect but in the leaves 
 being much broader. Although in habit it is in some measure 
 intermediate between Diodia and Hydrophylax, yet there does 
 not appear to be sufficient in the size and more corky con- 
 sistence of the fruit to separate it generically from Diodia, 
 which contains other species with five or six teeth to the calyx. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 425 
 
 The list of Rubiacea known from West Tropical Africa will 
 be completed with two species, one gathered by Vogel in Fer- 
 nando Po, the other by Don in Sierra Leone, the specimens of 
 which are insufficient even to gness at their genus, and three 
 published plants of doubtful affinity : Stipularia Africana, Pal. 
 de Beauv., from the River Galbar, Hylacium Owariense, Pal. 
 de Beauv., from Oware, and Benzo7iia corymhosa, Schum. et 
 Thonn., from Guinea. 
 
 LXV. CoMPOSIT.«. 
 
 1. Oiospermum Nigritanum, Benth.; caule pviberulo, foliis bre- 
 vissime petiolatis ovali-oblongis basi angustatis subtus pu- 
 bescentibus, capitulis nudis, corolla glabra achenio oblongo 
 longiore. — On the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel. 
 
 Herba 0. Wightianoe habitu subsimilis, sed minus villosa. Folia 
 2-3-pollicaria, rugosula, remote subdentata, supra fere glabra, 
 subtus prsesertim ad venas pubescentia. Inflorescentia et 
 capitula 0. Wightiana, hfec vero bracteis foliaceis destituta, 
 alia terminalia, alia pauca lateralia subsessilia v. pedunculata. 
 Involucri squamse multiseriales, acutissimse, margine sca- 
 riosse, dorso puberulse, exteriores minores angustse, interiores 
 3-4 lin. longse, flores subfequantes. Receptaculum planum 
 nudum. Flores numerosi. Corolla tubus tenuis, superne 
 ampliatus. Shjli rami subulati, acuti, recurvi. Achenium 
 oblongum, 10-costatum, inter costas minute glandulosum, 
 apice truncatum, omnino nudum. 
 
 1. Sparganophora Vaillantii, Gsertn. DC. Prod. 5. p. 12. — 
 S. Africanus, Gartn. DC. I. c. — St. Thomas, Don. — Senegal 
 to Benin, and common in Tropical America. 
 After a careful comparison of several African with American 
 
 specimens, I cannot discover the slightest difference. Both 
 
 vary in the blunter or sharper teeth of the leaves, and both are 
 
 sometimes smooth, though generally more or less pubescent. 
 The Ethulia conyzoides, Linn., a common East Indian weed, 
 
 extends through Africa to Senegal. 
 
 1. Herderia stellulifera, Benth.; decumbens, ramis laxe co- 
 
426 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 rymbosis polycephalis, acheniis hispidulis, pappo simplici 
 coroniformi fimbriate stellato-patente. — Sierra Leone, Don; 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Herba ramosissima, diffusa, habitu et inflorescentia formis de- 
 cumbentibus Vernonia cinereee subsimilis. Pubes ferru- 
 ginea, in ramulis novellis sublanosa, demum parca, in foliorum 
 pagina superiore rara v. nulla. Folia petiolata, ovata, 1-1 ^- 
 pollicaria, integra v. sinuato-dentata, membranacea, ramealia 
 minora interdum obovata, summa parva, oblonga. Corymbi 
 laxi, irregulares, foliis paucis parvis bracteati. Capitula quam 
 in Ethulia minora. Involucri squamre subbiseriales, lineari- 
 oblongse, acutse, virides, puberulse ; adjectis nonnullis exte- 
 rioribus minoribus setaceis. Receptaculum planum, nudum. 
 Flores in capitulo circa 20, liomogami, involucro paullo 
 longiores, violacei. Corolla tubuloso-campanulata, superne 
 pilosiuscula, basi attenuata, laciniis 5 tubo sequilongis, apice 
 extus glandulosis. Anthera lineares, ecaudatfe. Styli lobi 
 subulati, recur\a, acutiusculi. Achenia | lin. longa, obscure 
 angulata, undique hispidula. Pappus albus, stellato-patens, 
 constans e paleis brevissimis fimbriato-multifidis ; setis ex- 
 terioribus nullis. 
 
 This plant has more the habit of Ethulia than of Herderia 
 truncata, but differs from the former genus in the involucre, 
 achenia and pappus. The pappus has the scales shorter than 
 in Herderia truncata, and there is either no trace at all of outer 
 setae, or they are so short and slender as to be scarcely per- 
 ceptible. Perhaps the two genera, Ethulia and Herderia, ought 
 to be united. 
 
 The original Herderia truncata appears to be confined to 
 Senegal, whence I have what I believe to be a third species, 
 gathered by Michelin. 
 
 1. Vernonia cinerea, Less. — DC. Prod. 5. p. 24, Webb, supra, 
 p. 134. — Sierra Leone, Vogel; Senegal and Guinea. A most 
 abundant East Indian and Tropical African species. 
 
 2. Vernonia Doniana, DC. Prod. 5. p. 23. — Sierra Leone, Don, 
 Miss Turner, who states it to grow about 6 feet high in the 
 Leinster Mountains. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 427 
 
 3. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) conferta, Benth. ; fruticosa ? ramis 
 tomentosisj foliis amplis obovali-oblongis sinuatis basi angus- 
 tatis petiolatis supra ad venas subtus ubique tomentosis, pa- 
 niciila ampla floribunda aphylla, capitulis subsessilibus 10- 
 12-floris, involucri squamis brevibus obtusis interioribus 
 lineari-oblongis acutis, achenio glabro, pappi sordid! setis 
 exterioribus paucissimis brevibus. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Folium unicum adest pedale, 5 poll, latum, subtus sordide to- 
 mentosum, petiolo sesquipollicari. Pcmicula pedalis, capitulis 
 secus ramos numerosos divaricatos subsessilibus, ovoideis, 4 lin. 
 longis. Flores involucrum sequantes, glabri. Pappus e setis 
 sordidis rigidulis vix denticulatis constans, iuvolucro sub- 
 Ion gior. 
 
 4. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) Guineensis, Benth. ; berbacea ? erecta, 
 ramis subfloccoso-tomentosis, foliis lanceolatis serratis supra 
 araneosis demum glabris subtus dense tomentosis, corymbis 
 oligocephalis, capitulis late ovoideis 25-30-floris, involucri 
 sqamis obtusis dorso tomentosis, pappo exteriore interiori 
 triplo breviore. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Specimen bipedale, virgato-ramosum, apice fastigiatum. 7b- 
 mentum paginfe inferioris foliorum raniorum et pedunculorum 
 densum, subfloccosum, albo-rubens. Folia 2-3-pollicaria, 
 acutiuscula, grosse serrata, basi angustata, sessilia v. breviter 
 petiolata. Capitula 5-6 lin. longa, 4-5 lin. lata. Involucri 
 squamse rigidse, pauciseriatse, exteriores breves, interiores 
 oblongfe, pappo vLx breviores. Flores breviter exserti, glabri. 
 Styli lobi subulati, acuti, Receptaculum vix alveolatum, 
 planum, nudum. Achenia pubescentia, leviter costata, 
 minute glandulosa. Pappus rufescens, nitens, fragilis, setis 
 subdilatatis, seriei exterioris latioribus ciliatis. 
 
 5. Vernonia (Lepidaploa) Vogeliana, Benth. ; fruticosa, pube- 
 rula, foliis petiolatis oblongis utrinque longe angustatis sub- 
 integerrimis membranaceis, cymis terminalibus paniculsefor- 
 mibus ramosissimis subaphyllis, capitulis pedicellatis 8-10- 
 floris, involucri squamis oblongis, exterioribus ovatis obtusis, 
 achenio pubescenti-glanduloso, pappi serie exteriore interiori 
 quadi'uplo breviore. — At Clarence, in Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
428 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Species quoad habitum inflorescentiam ,involucrum et pappi 
 
 colorcni simillima V. extenscB et V. grandi, DC, et V. Sene- 
 
 galensi, Less. A priori differt foliis margine integerrimis v. 
 
 vix crispulis nee serratis et capitulis minoribus^ involucra 
 
 nempe vix 2 lin. nee 3^ lin. longa, squamis minus inaequali- 
 
 bus. A V. Senegalensi distinguitur pappi exterioris brevitie 
 
 et acheniis pubescentibus. Frutex est, teste Vogelio, 6-8 
 
 pedalis, floribus albis. Papjms rufescens, involucro duplo 
 
 longior. 
 
 6. Y evnoiixdi Senegalensis, Less., LinncBa 4:. p. 2Qo. — Decaneu- 
 
 rum Senegalense, DC. Prod. 5. p. 68. — Annabon Island, 
 
 south of the Line, Curror ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 In this species, the external pappus is much longer than in 
 
 any of the preceding, but considerably shorter than the inner 
 
 one. In the V. amygdalina, Delile, {Decaneurum, DC.) from 
 
 Senegal and Nubia, which differs from the present species 
 
 chiefly in the hispid achenia, the external pappus is also still 
 
 longer; but even in that species there is a very perceptible 
 
 difference in the length of the two series. In the Gymnanthe- 
 
 mum Abyssinicunf, Schultz Bip. (at least in my specimen, Un. 
 
 Itin. 1st. Ser. n. 31), which has the habit of the foregoing, and 
 
 which ought, with them, to be referred to Vernonia, the external 
 
 pappus is, as in most Vernonia, scarcely more than a fourth of 
 
 the length of the inner one, but so very deciduous, that if the 
 
 head of flowers is not opened with care, the external setae will 
 
 only be found loose amongst the others. All these species, 
 
 moreover, are so closely allied in habit to V. extensa and some 
 
 other species of the Old World, that they cannot well be 
 
 generically separated, especially as they have not the involucral 
 
 characters ascribed by De Candolle to Decaneurum. In all, the 
 
 setae of the pappus are denticulate, and of a more or less ruddy 
 
 colour. To the same set of Vernoniae belongs probably the 
 
 Candidia Senegalensis, Ten. Cat. Ort. Nap. p. 79, which is 
 
 unknown to me. 
 
 The other West African Vernonice are V. pandurata, Link, 
 from Congo, and V. pauc'iflora, Less., from Senegal ; besides 
 two species of Wehbla : ]V. serratuloides, DC, from Senegambia, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 429 
 
 and W. Smithii, DC, from Congo, which Schultz Bipontinus 
 
 reunites with Vernonice. In this he may be right, as well as in 
 
 the restoration of the older name of Gymnanthemum to De 
 
 Candolle's genus Decaneut'um : it is only to be regretted that, 
 
 as the policy of these changes may not be generally admitted, 
 
 he should have created much confusion by transferring the two 
 
 names he proposes to suppress, to new genera of Compositie. 
 
 1. Gymnanthemum angustifolium, Benth. ; pubescens, foliis (su- 
 
 perioribus) lineari-lanceolatis rugosis subtus albo-tomentosis, 
 
 capitulis laxe subcorymbosis, involucri globosi squamis nume- 
 
 rosis, exterioribus setaceo-acuminatis recurvis, interioribus ob- 
 
 longo-lanceolatis scariosis. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Pars tantum superior plantse adest corymboso-paniculata. Ra- 
 
 muli pilis laxiusculis glandulis intermixtis pubescentes. Folia 
 
 nonnisi floralia adsunt 1-2-pollicaria. Capitula semipollicem 
 
 diametro, ad apices ramulorum solitaria, uno alterove secus 
 
 ramulum ad axillam bractese linearis breviter pedunculate. 
 
 Involucri squamae seriebus numerosis imbricatse, exteriores 
 
 abeunt in acumen filiforme reflexum, interiores erectse, acu- 
 
 tiusculse, 3 lin. longse. Receptaculum planum, leviter alveo- 
 
 latum. Flares numerosissimi, squamis interioribus breviores. 
 
 Corolla graciles, glabrae, superne vix ampliatae, laciniis 5 
 
 linearibus. Styli lobi subulati, acuti. Achenia glabra, 
 
 costis 10 approximatis, valleculis angustissimis glandulosis. 
 
 Pappi setae subaequales, barbellis rigidis longiusculis plu- 
 
 mosae. 
 
 This is a true Gymnanthemum, agreeing in every respect with 
 De Candolle^s generic character of Decaneiirum. It is unfor- 
 tunate that that distinguished botanist, in uniting two already 
 published genera, did not follow the usual rule of adopting for 
 the whole the oldest of the published names, although unmean- 
 ing and applied to an ill-defined group. Cassini's name having 
 since been restored by Schultz Bipontinus, we feel compelled to 
 adopt it. 
 
 1. Elephantopus scaber, Linn. — St. Thomas, Don ; Senegambia, 
 East India and America. 
 This species should include the five first of De Candolle 
 
430 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 (Prod. 5. p. 86) as proposed by Schultz Bipontinus, (Linnsea 
 18. p. 594) ; for the characters, by which he afterwards (Linna^a 
 20. p. 515) thought that the East Indian one might be distin- 
 tinguished, do not hold good. The African specimens before 
 me come nearest to the form described by De Candolle as 
 E. Martii, which is chiefly Brazihan, but is also found in other 
 parts of the world. 
 
 1. Ageratum conyzoides, Linn. — As common along the coast, 
 from Senegal to Benin, Vogel, Don, and others, as it is in 
 other parts of Africa, Asia and America. 
 1. Adenostemma Perrottetii, DC, Prod. 5. p. 110? — St. 
 Thomas, Don. 
 
 There are two specimens, the one nearly smooth, the other 
 more hairy, both belonging apparently to the Senegambian species 
 described by De Candolle, and probably not really distinct from 
 the common West Indian A. Sivartzii. 
 
 1. Mikania chenopodiifolia, Willd. DC. Prod. 5. p. 201. — 
 Common from Senegal to Fernando Po, Vogel, Don, and 
 others. 
 
 This plant is sometimes quite smooth, in other specimens 
 the upper surface of the leaves and the angles of the branches 
 are rough, with short hairs, and the inflorescence has more or 
 less of glandular pubescence. It is closely allied, both to the 
 common American M. scandens and to the East Indian M. vo- 
 lubilis, and all three may be varieties of one species. 
 1. Erigeron persiceefolium, Benth. ; herbaceum, elatum, glabrum 
 V. apice pubcrulum, foliis sessilibus subamplexicaulibus elon- 
 gato-lanccolatis acutissimis remote denticulatis, corymbo com- 
 posite polycephalo, involucri squamis linearibus acutis margi- 
 natis discum fequantibus, floribus foemineis numerosissimis 
 disco brevioribus extimis tenuissinie ligulatis, iuterioribus 
 truncatis subdentatis, centralibus paucis hermaphroditis. — 
 St. Thomas, Don. 
 Canlis bipedalis, in specimine simplex. Folia 3-5 poll, 
 longa, versus medium 5-8 lin. lata, denticulis minutis re- 
 motis V. raro nullis. Ramus apice confertim corymbosus, 
 ramulis corymbi exterioribus gracilibus, pedunculis ultimis 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 431 
 
 brevissimis. Capitula quam in E. Canadensi paullo majora. 
 Involucri squanije insequales, pauciseriales, dorso virides pu- 
 berulpe^ margine siccse subscariosse. Flores foeminei omnes 
 pappo breviores, exteriores in ligulam angustissimam brevem 
 producti, interiores stylo suo dimidio breviores ; masculi in 
 medio capitulo vix deni, pappo suo subrequales, basi tenues, 
 superne incrassati, angulati, 5-fidi. Achenia compressa, 
 glabra. Pappus tenuis rufescens. 
 
 The Erigeron spathulatum, Schura. et Thonn.^ and E. exsti- 
 pulatum, Sebum, et Thonn., both from Guinea^ are unknown to 
 me. The latter is most probably a Blumea. 
 1. Mieroglossa j»e/io/aris, DC. Prod. 5. p. 321. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Accra and Fernando Po, Vogel ; Senegambia. 
 The largest leaves are above three inches long and two broad. 
 The Sierra Leone variety of M. voluhilis mentioned by De 
 Candolle is probably rather the present species, which has 
 occasionally a slight tendency to climb, and is certainly in other 
 respects very near to the true M. volubilis. The generic name 
 has been altered to Frivaldia by Endlicher, on the plea of 
 the pre-existence of a Microglossa among Birds : a circum- 
 stance not now generally considered as requiring the change. 
 The whole genus is, by Schultz Bipontinus, proposed to be 
 united with Erigeron, and there is no doubt that the circum- 
 scription of Erigeron, Blumea, Pluchea and their allies requires 
 considerable modification ; but the wholesale alterations pro- 
 posed cannot be adopted until the characters of the new groups 
 shall have been given, and shown to have been verified on the 
 very numerous species now known from both hemispheres. 
 
 The Microtrichia Perrottetii, DC, is not in our collections. 
 A Senegal plant in the Hookerian Herbarium, evidently a 
 congener, does not precisely agree with De CandoUe's cha- 
 racter, and probably forms a second species, and there is in the 
 same Senegambian collection a specimen of an apparently new 
 genus, allied to Pteronia and Chrysocoma. 
 1. Sphseranthus Senegalensis, DC. Prod. 5. p. 370. — Senegal 
 and Sierra Leone, Don, and others. 
 The Grangea ceruanoides, Cass., and G. procumbens, DC, 
 
432 FLORA NIGRITIANA, 
 
 are confined to Senegal ; the Berthelotia lanceolata, DC, ex- 
 tends from Senegal to the Ganges, the Conyza fastigiata, 
 Wilkl., is common to Senegal and Mauritania. C. dentata, 
 Willd., is only known from Senegal, and C. amcena, Link, 
 from Congo. 
 
 1. Bluniea Perrottetiana, DC. Prod. 5. jo. 443. var. ? latifolia. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. — The same variety, as well as the form 
 originally described, are found in Senegal. 
 
 This plant is probably a mere variety of a widely spread 
 species, including Conyza thyrsoidea, Pers., from Tropical 
 Africa, Bliimea Dregeana, DC, from South Africa, and two or 
 three supposed species of Blumea from East India. 
 
 2. Blumea Senegalensis, DC. Prod. 5. p. 449. — On the Gambia, 
 Don. 
 
 The remaining W. Tropical African species are B. solidagi- 
 noides, DC, from Sierra Leone, B. oloptera, DC, from Senegal, 
 and B. Guineensis, DC, from Senegal and Guinea. Of the 
 allied genus, Pluchea, there is one species, the P. ovalis, DC, 
 from Senegal. 
 
 1. Epaltes Brasiliensis, DC. Prod. 5. p. 461. — St. Thomas, 
 Don ; African coast, south of the Line, Curror ; a common 
 Brazilian plant. 
 
 A plant, in every respect similar to Vicoa Indica, DC, but 
 without rays, which would bring it nearer to Varthemia, is in the 
 Hookerian Herbarium, gathered on the Gambia by Captain 
 Boteler ; and the Francomria crispa, DC, a common Egyptico- 
 Arabian plant, and Pulicaria incisa, DC, are both natives of 
 Senegal. 
 
 1. Pegolettia mucronata, Benth. ; puberula, subviscida, ramis 
 elongatis virgatis, foliis sessilibus lincari-sublanceolatis inte- 
 gerrimis v. 1-2-dentatis mucronatis, pappo interiore plumoso 
 achsenio plus duplo longiore, exterioris paleis setaceo-multi- 
 fidis. — Elephant's Bay, south of the Line, Curror. 
 Rami adscendentes sesquipedales. Pubes brevior et rarior 
 quam in P. Senegalense. Folia secus ramos sparsa, majora 
 semipollicaria, omnia pr?cscrtim superiora rigidule mucronu- 
 lata. Capitula ad apices ramulorum solitaria, magnitudine 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 433 
 
 P. Senegalensis, ramulo sub capitulo incrassato. Achenia quani 
 
 iu P. Senegalensi breviora, striata, leviter hii-tella ; pappus 
 
 interior siccitate coerulescens ; exterioris palese hyalinse, ultra 
 
 medium iu setas tenuissimas fissae. Anthera longe bicau- 
 
 datae. Stylus exsertus, lobis apice valde dilatatis fere clavatis. 
 
 The Pegolettia Senegalensis, DC, extends from Senegal 
 through Nubia, to Arabia, if, as it appears to me, the Kuhnia 
 Arabica, Hochst. (DC. Prod. 7. p. 267), be really the same 
 species. The Ceruana Senegalensis, DC, is only known from 
 Senegal. 
 1. Eclipta erecta, Linn., DC. Prod. 5. p. 490. — Senegal to 
 
 Benin. As common a weed in Africa as in Asia and 
 
 America. 
 1. Coronocarpus Prieureanus, Benth.; foliis subsessilibus ob- 
 
 longo-lanceolatis capitulo ovoideo brevioribus, ligulis circa 8. 
 
 — Blainvillea Prieureana, DC. Prod. 5. p. 492. — On the 
 
 Quorra, at Attah, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 The specimens are in a half-rotten state, but agree with De 
 Candolle's character. They closely resemble also the Corono- 
 carpus Kotschyi, {B'lpterotheca Kotschyi, Schultz Bip.), from 
 Nubia, but are more hairy, the leaves are narrower, the heads 
 of flowers rather smaller, the ligulse much smaller, and yellow 
 or orange, (not purple), and the achenia much shorter and less 
 hairy. 
 
 The genus Coronocarpus, Schum. et Thonn., accidentally 
 overlooked by De Candolle and subsequent botanists, differs 
 from Blainvillea chiefly in the sterility of the ligulae or florets of 
 the ray. It is evidently identical with Dipterotheca, Schultz 
 Bip., and possibly also with Harpephora, of Endlicher. The 
 minute appendages at the base of the achenia, on which Schultz 
 Bipontinus proposes to establish a distinct subtribe, are curious, 
 but probably of less importance than he seems to attach to 
 them. Traces of them may be seen in some of the Asiatic 
 species of Blainvillea ; and, probably, in other Composite with 
 very paleaceous receptacles they will be found, if carefully 
 sought for. Taking the flower-head as a contracted spike, the 
 
 F F 
 
434 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 palere of the receptacle represent the subtending bracts, and the 
 appendages in question a pair of opposite bracteolre on the 
 pedicel (callus basilaris) of the flower; and it is well known 
 how very rarely the presence or absence of such bracteolse can 
 be made available even as a good generic character. In the 
 Coronocarpus Prieureanus, they are generally smaller than in 
 C. Kotschyi, but occasionally as much as | of a line long. 
 
 Whether the genus should be referred to EcUptece among 
 Asteroidece, or to Coreopsidece among Senecionidea, is a matter 
 of doubt. Its close affinity is evident with Blainvillea, Wedelia 
 and Viguiera, genera now classed in three different subtribes. 
 
 2. Coronocarpus Gayanus, Benth.; foliis petiolatis ovatis v. 
 ovato-lanceolatis, pedunculis eapitulo ovoideo subbrevioribus, 
 ligulis circa 8. — Blain\allea Gayana, Cass. — DC. Prud. 5. 
 p. 492, Webb, supra, p. 141. — On the Quorra, Vogel ; Con- 
 fluence of the Niger, Ansell ; Senegal and Cape Verd Isles, 
 var. /3 ? peduncularis. pedunculo eapitulo 2-3-plo longiore. — 
 Accra, Don. 
 
 Herba annua, erecta v. adscendens, 1-2-pedalis, undique seabra 
 v. hispida. Folia 2-3-pollicaria, petiolo 2-4 lin. longo. In- 
 volucri squanife imbricatre, siccse, striata, appressse ; exteriores 
 plus minus foliaccffi et dorso villospe, iuteriores margine 
 ciliatfc. Palece complicatpe, flores includentes et iis bre- 
 viores. Ligiila parvro, orbiculatrc, ex Vog. albida; v. pallide 
 rosea. Achenia compressiuscula, villosa, pappo brcvi ca- 
 lyculato-dentato, aristis (in his speeiminibus) vix pappum 
 interiorem superantilms. Squamts basilares brevissim?e, sed 
 in acheniis plerisque certe adsunt. Specimen Doniauum 
 valde mancum est. 
 
 3. Coronocarpus helianthoides, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr.p. 393 ; 
 foliis breviter petiolatis, capitulis longe pedunculatis liemi- 
 sphsericis, ligulis circa 20. — Wedelia Africana, Pers. — DC. 
 Prod. h.p. 539. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel; Accra, Vogel; 
 Guinea and Oware. 
 
 Habitus et folia fere C. Gayani. Petioli breviores. PeduncuU 
 1-6-pollicarcs, nudi v. sub apice monophylli. Cajntuli foi*ma 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 435 
 
 a prsecedentibus facile distinguenda. Achenia pubescentia, 
 
 apice calyculata, aristis minimis ssepius vix conspicuis^ squamis 
 
 basilai'ibus brevissimis. 
 1. Crypliiospermum repens, Beauv. — DC. Prod. 5. p. 497. — 
 
 Fernando Po, Vogel ; Guinea and Benin. 
 1. Ambrosia Senegahiisis, DC. Prod. 5. p. 525. — St. Thomas, 
 
 Don ; Senegal. 
 1. Lipotriche Broionei, DC. Prod. 5. p. 544. — Buphtbalmum 
 
 scandens, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 392. — Cape Coast, 
 
 Niger River, at Aboh, Fernando Po, Vogel ; Guinea Coast. 
 Folia longiuscule petiolata, ovata, acuminata, irregulariter den- 
 
 tata V. rarius angulato-lobata, basi bastata cordata v. rarius 
 
 rotundata et ssepius inajqualia, membranacea, plus minus bis- 
 
 pidula, 2-4 poll, longa. 
 
 It is possible that there may be more than one species, but 
 the specimens do not afford any positive characters to dis- 
 tinguish them. It is a very different species from the South 
 African PsathurochcBta Dregei, although Schultz Bipontinus 
 appears to be right in reducing the latter as a genus to Lipo- 
 triche. 
 1. Sclerocarpus Africanus, Jacq. — DC. Prod. b. p. 566. — Cape 
 
 Palmas, Ansell ; Senegal and Guinea, and thence through 
 
 Nubia, Abyssinia and Arabia to East India. 
 
 1. Bidens pilosa, Linn. — Webb, supra, p. 142. — B. abortiva, 
 Schum. et Thonn. Beskr, p. 383. — Sierra Leone and Accra, 
 Vogel; St. Thomas, Don. — A common American plant, 
 which has spread over a great part of Africa. 
 
 Besides the varieties occasioned by the presence or absence of 
 the ray, several of these specimens vary much in their leaves, 
 which are more decidedly pinnate than usual. 
 
 2. Bidens bvpinnata, Linn. — DC. Prod. v. 5. p. 603. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 Another common American plant, now found also in Senegal 
 and in several parts of North Africa and South Europe. Don^s 
 specimen is a mere fragment, but appears to belong to this 
 species. 
 
 F F 2 
 
436 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The Verbesina ciliata, Sclmm. et Thonn., from Guinea, is 
 insufficiently described to determine the genus into wliicli more 
 recent classifications would place it. 
 
 1. Spilanthes caulirhiza, DC. Prod. 5. p. 623. — Eclipta fili- 
 caulis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 390 ? — St. Thomas, Don ; 
 Guinea and Nubia. 
 
 2. Spilanthes costata, Benth. ; glabriuscula, foliis petiolatis ob- 
 lon^is ovatisve subintegerrimis^ capitulis ovato-conicis dis- 
 coideis, involucri squamis ovatis obtusis flores subajquantibus, 
 acheniis puberulis 3-4-costatis, costis crassis, 2 validioribus 
 apice in acumina brevia productis. — Cape Palmas and Cape 
 Coast, Vugel. 
 
 Caules elongati, basi radicantes, uti folia et inflorescentia glabri 
 V. vix pilis minutis scabrelli. Folia 1-2-pollicaria, obtusa, 
 basi angustata, integerrima v. rariter et minute dentata. Pe- 
 dunculi 2-4-pollicares, superne paullo incrassati. Capitula 
 qviam in S. oleracea 'paullo minora. Involucri squamse late 
 ovatai, \\ lin. longse, exteriores subfoliaccfe, intcriores mem- 
 branaceffi angustiores, in paleas obovali-oblongas leviter con- 
 cavas abeuntes. Flores omnes tubulosi subcampanulati, 5- 
 dentati, hcrmaphroditi. AnthercB inclusse. Stylus basi bul- 
 boso-callosus, ramis apice truncatis. Schema a latere com- 
 pressa, utriuque tamen convexa et latere uno costato sub- 
 triquctra, v. utrinque costata et teti'agona ; costis duabus 
 (antica posticaque) validioribus demum fere suberosis ciliolatis, 
 in aristam seu mucronem brevein crassam productis. 
 I am not acquainted with any other Spilanthes with the 
 peculiar achenia of this species, which has entirely the habit of 
 the genus. 
 
 1. Chrysanthellum Senegalense, DC. Prod. 5. j9. 631.— On the 
 Quorra, at Pattch, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 It is most probable that the four species of Chrtjsanthellum 
 described by De Candolle, as well as the Hinterhubera Kotschyi, 
 Schultz Bipont., are mere varieties of one species, in which 
 the achenia vary very much in the development of their peri- 
 carp. If such be the case, this small annual is common to the 
 West Indies, Brazil, Tropical Africa and East India. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 437 
 
 A variety of Cotula anthem aides, Linn., is described from 
 Senegal^ and C. sphceranthus, Link, probably not a true Cotula, 
 is from the Congo River. One species of Helichrysum, H. glu- 
 tnaceum, DC, has been found on the sea coast of Senegal, and 
 another, apparently new, was gathered at Little Fish Bay, in 
 15*^ S. lat., by Mr. Thwaites, but should probably be considered 
 as a stray plant of the South African Flora. Three species of 
 Gnaphaliuin have been found in Senegal ; the cosmopolite G. 
 luteo-alhum, Linn. ; the common Egyptian G. Niliacum, Del. ; 
 and the G. gracitlimum, Perr., peculiar to Senegal. 
 
 1. Gynura cernua, Benth. — Cremocephalum ceruuum, Cass. — 
 DC. Prod. 6. p. 298. — Cacalia uniflora, Schum. et Thonn. 
 Besh\ p. 382. — Confluence of the Niger, Vogel. — An East 
 Indian and Mauritius species. 
 
 Neither in these specimens, nor yet in cultivated ones fronr 
 the Berlin Botanical Garden, can I find any florets entirely 
 •without anthers ; although the florets generally are much more 
 slender than in most Gynuroe, and those of the circumference 
 more especially so, with their anthers probably sterile. As, 
 moreover, the G. aurantiaca, described below, is intermediate 
 in habit, as well as in the thickness of the florets, between 
 Cremocephalum and Gynura, it seems advisable to unite the 
 two genera as pi'oposed by Lessing. Moench^s name of Crasso- 
 cephalum has the right of priority, but has been rejected as 
 being compounded of a Latin and a Greek word ; and, of the two 
 proposed by Cassiui, Cremocephalum has only been given to 
 one species, and is not applicable to the majority, whilst Gy- 
 nura is not only very expressive of the principal character of the 
 genus, but its rejection would necessitate the changing nearly 
 five-and-twenty well established names. 
 
 2. Gynura polycephala, Beuth. ; erecta, elata, foliis amplis 
 lyrato-pinnatifidis, corymbi compositi ramis elougatis pleio- 
 cephalis, capitulis breviter peduncvilatis nvitantibus, involucri 
 squamis interioribus circa 30, flosculis tenuibus (exteriorum 
 antheris cassis). — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Herba 2-3-pedalis, minute puberula, caule striato. Folia petio- 
 lata, semipedalia, membranacea, lobis inciso-dentatis acutis. 
 
438 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ultimo maximo, superiora minora minus incisa, summa (in 
 ramulos paniculse) lineavia. Liforescent'ta Eridhitis. Ca- 
 pitula cernua, iis G. cernuee simillima. Flores ex Vogel e 
 brunneo rubri. Flosculi iis G. cernuee similes; antheris 
 tamen evidentius acuminatis. 
 
 3. GjTiura crepidioides, Bentb. ; erecta, scabro-pubescens, foliis 
 ovatis inciso-dentatis basi longe angustatis, capitulis longe 
 pedunculatis subcorymbosis, involucri squamis interioribus 
 circa 15, flosculis tenuibiis (exteriorum antheris cassis). — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; and, apparently the same species, Se- 
 negal, Heudelot. 
 
 A smaller plant even than G. cernua, and usually more 
 hispid. The inflorescence is less simple than in that plant, 
 less compound than in G, polycephala, and it difi'ers from both 
 in the naiTower heads of the flowers, with about half the 
 number of scales to the involucre. 
 
 4. Gynura vitellina, Benth. ; glabriuscula, caule difl'uso radicante, 
 ramis adscendentibus parce ramosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis 
 grosse dentatis, capitulis ad apices ramorum solitariis cernuis, 
 involucri squamis interioribus circa 20, flosculis omnibus 
 conformibus hermaphroditis involucrum breviter superauti- 
 bus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Rami e caule prostrato 1-2-pedales, angulati, compressi v. sub- 
 teretes, in ramulos 2-4 monocephalos divisi. Fulia longiuscule 
 petiolata, membranacea, 1-3 poll, longa, basi cuneata trun- 
 cata V. cordata, juniora pubescentia, demum fere glabra; 
 petiolo ^-1-pollicari, ssepe prresertim ad folia superiora basi 
 biauriculato. Ramuli in pcdunculos remote bracteatos abeunt. 
 Capiiula quam in speciebus Indicis latiora. Involucrum 5 
 lin. longum, squamis interioribus acutis margine membra- 
 naceis ct ultra medium diu connatis, dorso herbaceis striatis 
 et minute puberulis; bractese seu squamse exteriores parvre, 
 setacca3. Flores (ex Vogel), aurantiaci vel vitellini, numero- 
 sissimi, omncs hermaphroditi, corolla superne latiore quam in 
 prjEcedentibus. Styli rami superati cono subulato acuto 
 pubescente. Receptacidum minute fimbrillifin'um. Achenia 
 striata, minute pubcrula. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 439 
 
 This species is certainly intermediate between the three 
 preceding and the East Indian Gynura, the corollas are not so 
 slender as in the former^ and always all ahke^ and not so thick, 
 although more numerous than in most GijnurcB. Their colour 
 is different from that of the generality of species in which it is 
 recorded. 
 
 1. Emilia sonchifoUa, Cass. — DC. Prod. Q.p. 302.— Sierra Leone, 
 Don. — A common East Indian and Tropical African plant, 
 which has become naturalized also in some parts of America. 
 The almost universally prevalent genus, Senecio, is repre- 
 sented in West Tropical Africa by two species only, S. strictus, 
 DC, and S. Perrottetii, DC, both from Senegal; and the 
 two large sub-orders of Carduacece and Labiatiflorce by three 
 species, two of Centaurea, C. Perrottetii, DC, and C. Sene- 
 galensis, DC. ; and one of Dicoma, D. tomeniosa, Cass. ; all 
 also from Senegal. 
 
 1. Cichorium Intybus, Linn. — St. Thomas, Don ; to all appear- 
 ance identical with the common European plant. 
 The other Cichoraceoe from West Tropical Africa are : Picris 
 humilis, DC, from Senegal ; Lactuca taraxacifolia, Schum. et 
 Thonn., from Senegal and Guinea ; Brachyramphus Goreensis, 
 DC, and Rhabdotheca Brunneri, Webb, both from Senegal. 
 
 LXVL Campanulace^. 
 
 Of this Order there are no specimens in the collections before 
 us, nor does it appear that any have been found within the hot 
 regions of Guinea and the Niger, although Senegambia has 
 furnished five. Lobelia Senegalensis, A. DC, Cephulostigma 
 Perrottetii, A. DC, C. Prieurii, A. DC, Wahlenbergia ri- 
 jmria, A. DC, and W. cervicina, A. DC, the latter species 
 extending also into Egypt. 
 
 LXVII. G00DENOVIE.1:. 
 
 1. Scsevola Senegalensis, Presl ? A. DC. Pi'od. 7. p. 507? — 
 Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Elephant Bay, south of the Line, 
 Curror ; Senegal. 
 
440 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The specimens are very imperfect. The tube of the corolla 
 is very woolly inside, but the l()])cs appear to ])e nearly smooth, 
 as in the South African S. Thunbergii, Roth. Both species 
 arc probably not distinct from the S. Plumieii, a sea-coast 
 plant belonging to both the New and the Old World. 
 
 LXVIII. UTRICULARINE.E. 
 
 Of this Order also we have no specimens from the Niger Expe- 
 dition, but the following eight W. Tropical African species have 
 been published : Utricularia steUaris, which, from Senegambia, 
 extends over nearly the whole of Africa and East India ; U. 
 inflexttf Forsk., confined to Africa, from Guinea to Nubia and 
 Egypt ; U. ambigua, A. DC, and U. arenaria, A. DC, from 
 Senegambia; and U. spiralis, Sm., U. micropetala, Sm., U. 
 striatula, Sm., and U. pubescens, Sm., from Sierra Leone. 
 
 LXIX. SAPOTACEiE. 
 
 1. Chrysophyllum albidum, G. Don, A. DC. Prod. S. p. 162. 
 
 — St. Thomas, Don. 
 Folia semipedalia, subtus tomento minuto vix sub lente distincto 
 argcnteo-micantia. Pedicelli umbellato-fasciculati, vix 2 lin. 
 longi. Sepala orbiculata, vix linea longiora, coriacea, sesti- 
 vatione valde imbricata. Corolla calyce paullo longior, lobis 
 marginc tomentosis leviter imbricatis. Appendices inter lobos 
 minutse, inflexse, vix conspicu?e. Stamina medio tubo inscrta, 
 corollam subsequantia, glabra ; filamenta antheris duplo lon- 
 giora ; antherce extrorsae, connectivo supra loculos longius- 
 cule producto. Ovarium villosum, depressum, 5-loculare. 
 Ovula solitaria, lateraliter prope basin loculi affixa, adscen- 
 dentia, fere orbiculata, a latere comprcssa. Stylus glaber, 5- 
 sulcatus, apice obtusus, pnnctis stigniatosis vix conspicuis. 
 The presence of appendages (or abortive stamina) alternating 
 wnth the lobes of the corolla, would probably remove this plant 
 from Chrysophyllum : these appendages are however so minute 
 as to be readily overlooked ; and the absence of fruit does not 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 441 
 
 admit of determining as yet into what other genus the species 
 should be placed. 
 
 2. Chrysophyllum obovatum, G. Don, A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 163. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel{?) 
 
 Neither specimen has flower or fruit, and the identity of 
 VogeFs with Don's is therefore doubtful. The species itself 
 remains very uncertain. 
 
 3. Chrysophyllum Africanum, A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 163. — Sierra 
 Leone; Fernando Po, Vogel? 
 
 Don's Herbarium contains no specimen of the Sierra Leone 
 plant, and Vogel's specimens have no flowers. This species 
 also must therefore be doubtful. 
 
 The other West Tropical African Sapotacea are Sapota se- 
 ricea, A. DC, from Guinea; Sideroxylon dulcificum, A. DC, 
 from Guinea ; Bassia Pm-kii, G. Don, from Bambara ; and 
 Omphalocarpum procerum, Pal. de Beauv,, from Oware, most of 
 them very imperfectly known. 
 
 LXX. Ebenace^. 
 
 1. Euclea angustifolia, Benth,; ramis pubescentibus, foliis li- 
 nearibus crassiusculis tomentellis mox glabratis, floribus foe- 
 mineis subsolitariis, calyce pubescente, corolla subglobosa 
 hirta brevissime 5-6-loba. — West Africa, south of the Line, 
 Curror. 
 
 Frutex habitu E. pseudebeno, E. Mey., affinis, pube ramulorum 
 densa canescente facile distinctus. Folia 1-2 poll, longa, 
 1-1^ lin. lata, apice rotundata et mucrone brevi terminata, 
 basi angustata, coriacea, costa media tenui vix prominula, 
 cseterum avenia, pleraque alterna, rarius subopposita. Flares 
 foeminei tantum adsunt, et ssepissime solitarii, nutantes, 1^ 
 lin. longa, pedicello lineam longo reciu'vo rarissime bifloro. 
 Calyx brevissimus, 5-6-lobus. Corolla fere globosa, extus 
 densissime hirsuta, lobis brevissimis latis obtusis, intus sub 
 fauce leviter hirta, csetcrum glabra. Stam'mum vestigia 
 nulla. Ovarium sessile, globosum, dense villosum, intus 4- 
 loculare. Stylus brevis, glaber, fere ad basin bipartitus. 
 
442 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ramis crassis cuneato-dilatatis emarginato-bilobis. Ovula in 
 loculis solitaria, pendula. 
 1. Diospyros Senegalensis, Perr. in DC. Prod. 8. p. 234 ? — On 
 the Quorra, at Stirling, and in Fernando Po, Vogel ; Scnc- 
 ganibia, Heudelot. 
 
 The specimens from these three different localities may belong 
 to distinct species, but, if so, they are insufficient to distinguish 
 them. The Quorra specimen, in leaf, with a portion of a 
 single fruit, agrees best with De Candolle's description ; that 
 from Fernando Po has only a few small leaves, with the re- 
 mains of the calyx after the fruit has fallen off. The Senegal 
 specimen in the Hookerian Herbarium, has smaller and less 
 coriaceous leaves than those mentioned in the Prodromus, but 
 they are younger. It is a branch of a male plant in bud : the 
 flowers are in axillary bunches of three or four, with a short 
 quadrifid calyx, and about twelve stamens. 
 
 The Noltea ti'icolor, Schum. ct Thonn., from Guinea, is 
 probably a species of Diosjjyros. 
 
 1. Maba vaccinicefolia, Benth. ; ramulis hirsutis, foliis ellipticis 
 acutis siibcoriaccis supra ad costam subtusque sparse hirtellis, 
 calycis foeminei hirti lobis obtusissimis, baccis oblique ellip- 
 soideis. — St. Thomas, about 2,000 feet up the peak of the 
 island, Don. 
 Fruticulus diffuse ramosissimus, ramulis novellis pilis longius- 
 culis rigidis vestitis, ramis annotiuis jam glabratis. Folia 
 pleraque subpollicaria, nonnulla paullo majora, alia vix 
 semipollicem excedunt, omnia apicc obtusa, basi sub- 
 cuneata, petiolo brevissimo hirto ; pagina superior pra^ter 
 costam hirtellam glabra, inferior pilis rigidulis conspersa, 
 costa prominente hirsutiore. Flares desunt. Ovarium ex 
 ovulis in fructu persistentibus biloculare videtur, ovulis in 
 quoque loculo geminis pendulis. Bocca solitaria?, subsessilcs, 
 calyce persistente lineam longo late et brevissime trilobo 
 fultse, 4 lin. longre, hinc contract?e, illinc valde convexnc, 
 pilis appressis conspersai ; pericarpio tenui ; intus abortu 
 imiloculares. Semen abortu unicum, cllipsoideum, ab apicc 
 loculi pendulum, hinc longitudinalitcr sulcatum ; testa mem- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 443 
 
 brauacea ; albumen nullum ; cotyledones crasspe, carnosse, 
 lateri sulcato parallelse ; radicula brevissima ad hilum spec- 
 tans. 
 Besides the above, there are two W, African species of Maba 
 
 published, M. Guitieensis, A. DC, from Guinea, and M. 
 
 Smeathmanni, A. DC, from Sierra Leone. 
 
 I omit the Sii/racece, because the Styrax Guineensis, G. Don, 
 
 the only supposed W. African species published, does not belong 
 
 to the Order. 
 
 LXXI. Jasmines. 
 
 1. Jasminum nodijiorum, Afz., DC. Prod. 8, p, 309. — Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Leaves usu.ally ternately verticillate, the petioles 4 to 5 lines 
 long, articulate near the base. 
 
 2. Jasminum dichotomum, Vahl, DC. Prod. 8. p. 307. — J. 
 Guineense, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 4. p. 60. — Whydah, Don ; 
 Senegal and Guinea, 
 
 Very near /. noctifloi'um ; but the petioles ai'e shorter, and 
 the lobes of the corolla much longer and more pointed. The 
 teeth of the calj'x are also rather longer. 
 
 3. Jasminum pauciflorum, Benth. ; ramulis hirsutis, foliis op- 
 positis breviter petiolatis ovatis acuminatis subtus petiolisque 
 pubescentibus supra demum glabris, pedunculis subbifloris, 
 pedicellis elongatis superne incrassatis, calycis lobis circa 6 
 subulatis. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex volubilis, quoad folia et pubem a /. Sambac et /. jm- 
 hescente baud absimilis, sed pedicelli in pcdunculo brevi 
 axillari v. terminali seep ins gemiui, 6-8 lin. longi, nee calyce 
 subbreviores. Cahjcis tubus 1 lin., lacinire 2 lin. longse. 
 Corolla deest. Bacea subglobosa, calycem subsequans. 
 
 LXXIL Apocyne^. 
 
 1. Landolphia Oivariensis, Beauv. A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 320. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Oware. 
 There are two other West African genuine species of Lan- 
 
444 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 dolphia, the L. Heudelotii, A. DC, and an unpublished one in 
 my herbarium, communicated by Michelin,* both from Sene- 
 gambia, besides the following, with a rather different aspect, yet 
 apparently belonging to the genus, 
 
 2. Landolphia florida, Benth. ; ramis foliisque glabris, cymis 
 pedunculatis multifloris, staminibus infra medium tubi co- 
 rollse clongati insertis. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 Frutex alte scandens, ramis glabris verruculosis. Folia petio- 
 lata, elliptica, 3-6 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata, utrinque obtusa, 
 glabra, chartacea v. subcoriacea, venis primariis distantibus, 
 venulis transversis crebris reticulatis. Cymce coryrabosfe, 
 terminales, dense multiflorse, breviter pedunculat?e. Flores 
 uti tota inflorescentia tomento brevi velutini. Bractea pedi- 
 cellos subajquantes, ovatse, squamseformes. Pedicelli circa 
 lineam longi, crassi. Calyx linea paullo longior, fere ad 
 basin 5-partitus, lobis ovato-oblongis, parum inaqualibus, 
 intus eglandulosis. Corolla tubus 7-8 lin. longus, tenuis, 
 circa stamina paullo incrassatus, intus superne pilosus ; la- 
 cinise anguste oblongse, tubo subrequilongpe, fere glabrre, 
 albse basi intus lutescentes, a?stivatione dextrorsumf convo- 
 lutse. Stamina ])aullo infra medium tubi inserta ; antherse 
 oblongse, filamento paullo longiores, altera sfcpius cfeteris 
 majore. Glandiilce hypogynre luilla?. Ovarium depresso- 
 globosum, dense villosum, uniloculare, placentis duobus parie- 
 talibus pluriovulatis. Stylus filiformis, superne fusiformi-in- 
 crassatus, summo apice divisus in lobos 2 breves latos prje- 
 cipue ad margines stigmatosos. 
 
 In the absence of fruit, this plant agreeing as well with the 
 character of Willvghheia as with that of Landolphia, I refer it 
 provisionally to the latter as being a West African genus ; but 
 it is most probable that, when better known, the two genera 
 
 * L. Michelini, Benth. ; foliis subtus raraulisque velutino-pubescenti- 
 bus, cymis subsessilibus densis, antheris medio tubo insertis. — Flores fere 
 L. Owariensis. 
 
 f We use this word in the sense adopted by De Candolle, from left to 
 right, (supposing oneself in the centre of the flower), not /ro?n the right, 
 as it is used by some botanists. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 445 
 
 will be united. Both appear to be climbers, although the 
 published Landolphios are not described as such. The tube 
 of the corolla is much longer in our plant than in other 
 Landolphioi, and the stamens inserted lower down, but these 
 cannot be generic distinctions if the fruit coincides. 
 
 Heudelot^s Senegambian collection comprises what appears 
 to be a fifth species, in some respects resembling the L.florida, 
 but with rather smaller flowers and an entirely smooth ovary, 
 which nevertheless is unilocular, as in all the other species. 
 
 The Vahea Senegalensis, A. DC, another Senegambian plant, 
 is unknown to me. 
 
 Clitandra, gen. nov. e tribu Carissearum. 
 
 Calyx parvus, 5-partitus, eglandulosus. Corolla tubus supra 
 basin contractus, dein ventricosus, ad faucem intus pilosam 
 esquamatam contractus, limbi lacinise angustse, dextrorsum 
 convolutffi. Stamina ad basin partis ventricosi tubi inserta, 
 filamentis tenuibus, antheris nutantibus ovatis obtusis fila- 
 mentis sequilongis. Nectarium nullum. Ovarium unicum 
 biloculare, dissepimento tenui (vix completo ?) Ovula pauca. 
 Stylus brevis, conicus, apice dilatatus, supra dilatationem 
 vix productus, vertice integro stigmatosus. — Frutex di- 
 chotomus, floribus parvis in cymas axillares oppositas dis- 
 positis. 
 
 1. Clitandra cymulosa, Benth. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Frutex, inflorescentia excepta, glaber v. punctis minutis (resi- 
 nosis ?) irroratus. Rami verrucosi. Folia opposita, elliptico- 
 oblonga, 3-4-pollicaria, abrupte acuminata, basi in petiolum 
 angustata, coriacea at non nitida, venis primariis a costa 
 valida divergentibus crebris parallelis. Cymoi oppositge, mul- 
 tiflorffi, petiolos (corollis neglectis) vix sequantes, minute 
 velutino-puberulse. Bractece miuutse. Calyx minute velu- 
 tino-pubescens, semilineam longus, lobis acutis. Corolla 
 extus glabrse tubus vix 2 lin. longus, supra ovarium valde 
 contractus dein abrupte ampliatus; lacinise lineari-oblong?e, 
 tubo Eequilongge. Stamina in parte dilatata tubi nidulantia. 
 
446 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 antheris a stylo liberis niitantibus et minorlbus quam in 
 
 plerisque Apocyneis. Ovarium glabrum. Stylus vix ovario 
 
 longior. 
 
 This genus is allied in some respects to Landolphia and 
 Couma, in others to Carissa. Its really axillary inflorescence is 
 different from that of most of the allied genera. The placentae 
 of the ovary^ although they meet in the centre, scarcely appear 
 to cohere, and the fruit is unknown : the genus therefore cannot 
 be veiy exactly defined ; yet I am unable to refer the plant to 
 any of those hitherto published. 
 1. Carpodinus dulcis, G. Don. — A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 329. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 The specimens marked in Don's collection by the above 
 name, as also by that of Sweet Pishamin, have neither flower 
 nor fruit; the stems are pubescent, and the leaves are not 
 perfectly smooth. The tendrils proceed from the forks of 
 the branches, and appear to represent transformed peduncles. 
 Of the other species mentioned, C. acida, Don, there is no 
 specimen in the herbarium. 
 1. Carissa edulis, Schum. et Thonn. — A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 332. 
 
 — Accra, Vogel ; rather common in Guinea, Thonning. 
 
 These specimens, in fruit, with very young buds, agree better 
 with Thonning's description than with Schumacher's character ; 
 for the leaves are not cordate. Yogel observes that the berries 
 are black and edible. Thonning says that they have a very 
 agreeable flavour, much like sweet cherries, and make an excel- 
 lent soup for the sick. 
 
 The C. pubescens, A. DC., from Senegambia, appears to be 
 very near tbe preceding. 
 1. Uauwolfia Senegambice, A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 340. — Sierra 
 
 Leone and Grand Bassa, Vogel, Don ; Senegambia. 
 BacccB (folliculi carnosi) 2, distinctre, substipitatae, magnitudine 
 
 Pisi, obovoideo-globosK, intus l-2-sperm8e. Semina matura 
 
 desunt. 
 
 It is probable that the R. vomitoria, very imperfectly de- 
 scribed by Sprengel, and stated to be from Guinea, is the same 
 species. Vogel, on one of his labels, describes the plant as a 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 447 
 
 branching shrub^ on another as a tree, which he states to be 
 cultivated. 
 
 The Senegambian collection contains a new species of the 
 Sovith African genus, PvptolcBna, so remarkable for the form 
 of the calyx, with its numerous glands, elegantly arranged in a 
 a double row withinside. 
 
 1. Taberntemontana /o?j^/^ora, Benth. ; glabra, foHis oblongo- 
 ellipticis abrupte acuminatis basi acutis, petiolis basi dilatatis, 
 pcdunculis laxe subtriiloris, calycis lobis ovali-oblongis, co- 
 rollse tubo longissimo paullo infra medium ventricoso con- 
 torto et staminifero. — Sierra Leone, Vogel ; Senegambia. 
 Ranmli crassiusculi, uti tota planta glaberrimi, ad nodos gum- 
 mam resinosam ssepe scatentes. Folia crassiuscula, 4-6- 
 pollicaria, latitudine varia, venis paucis a costa divergentibus, 
 venulis inconspicuis. Petioli ad caulem in vaginam expansi, 
 et linea transversali connexi. Pedunculi e dichotomiis soli- 
 tarii, crassiusculi, folio multo breviores, in pedicellos 3-3 
 vix pollicares unifloros sub flore incrassatos divisi. Calycis 
 lobi inpequales, 3-5 lin. longi, obtusissimi, glandulis ad 
 quemque lobum ultra 13. Corolla tubus tripollicaris. 
 Ovarium et genitalia Taberncemontana;. 
 
 I describe this plant from Heudelot's Senegambian specimen. 
 VogeFs, from Sierra Leone, has every appearance of belonging 
 to the same species, although the leaves are rather narrower. 
 There is no corolla; but two persistent though shrivelled calyces, 
 enclosing imperfect ovaries and the remains of some fruit- 
 stalks, show that, if not the same species as Heudelot's, it is 
 closely allied to it. Vogel states it to be a handsome tree, with 
 the aspect of a Citrus and a milky juice. 
 
 3. TabernjBmontana crassa, Benth. ; glabra, foliis ellipticis ob- 
 longisve breviter acuminatis basi acutis, petiolis basi dilatatis, 
 cymis confertim pluriiloris, calycis lobis breviter orbiculatis, 
 corollce tubo longiusculo paullo infra medium ventricoso con- 
 torto et staminifero. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 Frutex arborescens, succo lactescente, affiuis T. longiflorce et 
 petioli pariter in vaginam expansi et linea transversa connexi. 
 Rami crassiores. Folia majora, crassiora, breviter petiolata. 
 
448 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 CyrrKB ad apicem pedunculi li-2-pollicaris 12-15-flor0e, ramis 
 
 pedicellisqne vix 2 lin. longis. Calycis lobi \\ lin. longi et 
 
 lati, glandulis 7-9 ad basin cujusve lobi. Corollam apertam 
 
 non vidi, alabastrum omnino T. lonyiflorm nisi brevius ct 
 
 crassius. Folliculi ex Vog. oblique obovoideo-globosi, caruosi, 
 
 seminibus creberrimis in pulpa nidulantibus. 
 
 The size of the fruit is not stated on Vogel's label, but this 
 
 is probably the plant he alludes to in his Journal as " a genus 
 
 apparently new and near TaberrKBmontana, remarkable for 
 
 its double fruit, as large as a child's head, the seeds nestling in 
 
 the almost woody pulp/' Both the above species are nearly 
 
 allied to T. ventricosa, Hochst., from Port Natal, and with it 
 
 form a very distinct group of Tabernamontana, which from the 
 
 published description I should suspect to be allied to Du Petit- 
 
 Thouars' Madagascar genus, Voacanga. 
 
 3. Tabernsemontana subsessilis, Benth. ; glabra, ramulis dicho- 
 tomis, foliis obovali-oblongis acuminatis inferne angustis et 
 ima basi obtusis membranaceis, pedunculis subbifloris, lobis 
 calycinis amplis oblongis, corollse tubo calyce subtriplo lon- 
 giore supra medium ampliato et staminifero, folliculis ovoideo- 
 oblongis acuminatis. — Liberia, Vof/el. 
 
 Valde affinis T. yrandiflorfe, Jacq., (ex America Tropica.) Folia 
 iis simillima nisi basi sjepius obtusa, cujusve paris uti in 
 specie citata insequalia. Pedunculi communes longiores. Ca- 
 lycis laciniffi minores (vix 5 lin. longse) et angustiores ; glan- 
 dulis in genere normalibus. Coi'olla tubus paullo longior. 
 Folliculi l5-2-po]licares, carnosi, iis T. grandiflorce valde 
 similes. 
 
 4. Tabernsemontana ? sp. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 A single specimen, without flowers, with a pair of follicles 
 very much like those of the preceding species, but the leaves are 
 very different in consistence and venation, and the inflorescence 
 appears to have been a compact sessile cyme. As the genus 
 must remain doubtful, I refrain from giving it a name. 
 
 I have not seen the T. Africana, Hook., from Senegal, Sir 
 W. Hooker not having received any specimen from the tra- 
 veller for whom he described it. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 449 
 
 RouPELLiA, Wall, e.t Hook. geu. nov. e trilju Tabernce- 
 montanearum. 
 
 Calyx 5-partitus, glandulis baseos (circa 13) in annul um dis- 
 positis. Corollce tubus infundibuliformis ; faux coronata li- 
 gulis 10 sequidistautibus basi in anuulum connatis; limbi 
 lacinise 5, latse, sestivatione sinistrorsum convolutse. Stamina 
 tubo inserta, inclusa, filamentis brevissimis^ antheris sagittatis 
 longe acuminatis. Nectarium nullum. Ovaria 2, adpressa, 
 glabra. Stylus filiformis, apice in massani 5-sulcatani an- 
 theris cobserentem dilatatus, ultra dilatationem vix productus 
 et brevissime emarginatus, (summo vertice stigmatifer ?) 
 Fructus ex R. Br. VoacangcB v. Urceola. 
 1. Roupellia grata, Wall, et Hook, in Bot. Mag. tab. 4466. 
 
 ined. — Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 Frutex glaberriraus, habitu Tabernmmontanas Africanas refe- 
 rens, quoad formam corollse diversissimus et insignis. Folia 
 opposita, breviter petiolata, semipedalia v. etiam majora, ovalia 
 V. oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi acuta, crassius- 
 cula, venis primariis a costa media divergentibus subtus 
 prominulis, rete venularura parum conspicua; petiolus ad 
 caulem parum dilatatus et intus glandulis 2 parvis acutis 
 quasi stipulatus. Cyma terminales, sessiles, 6-8-florse, fere 
 umbellffiformes. Bractea ovato-lanceolatre, acute acuminatse, 
 dorso carinatse, 1^-2 lin. longje. Pedicelli bracteis longiores, 
 calyce breviores. Calycis lobi obovati, 6-8 lin. longi, mem- 
 branacei, apice colorati. Corolla alba, roseo tincta ; tubus 
 sesquipoUicaris, superne ampliatus, intus extusque glaber ; 
 lacinise late obovatse, margine crispse, pollice paullo longiores; 
 coronse iigulge lanceolato-lineares, erectre, pulchre rosese, 4-5 
 lin. longse. Sta^nina ad originem partis ampliatse tubi in- 
 serta ; filamenta brevia, crassa, leviter papulosa ; antherse in 
 acumen tubum corolla subsuperantem productse, medio tan- 
 tum polliniferse. Ova^'iimi insidens disco crasso, hand tamen 
 in nectarium producto. 
 
 This handsome plant, now flowering in our stoves, was re- 
 cognized by Brown as the Cream Fruit of Afzelius, referred 
 
 G G 
 
450 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 to in the Congo Appendix as a new genus, with a flower 
 resembling that of Vahea and the fruit that of Voacnnga, or 
 Urceola. Some other new plants from Congo and Sierra Leone 
 are also alluded to on the same occasion : they are however un- 
 known to us. 
 
 The Malouetia Heudelotii, A. DC, appears to be confined to 
 Senegambia. 
 
 1. Vinca rosea, Linn. — Cape Coast, Vogel. — A common plant 
 
 in the warmer regions of both hemispheres, especially near 
 
 the sea, but said to have been introduced only into Africa 
 
 and Asia from America. It must be observed, however, that 
 
 all the other species of Vinca belong to the Old World. 
 
 The Plumiera Africana, Mill., said to have been raised from 
 
 seeds sent by Adanson from Senegal, has not since been found 
 
 in that country. The Adeniiim Honghel, A. DC, is a Senegalese 
 
 plant, differing but very slightly from the A. obesum, R. et S., 
 
 which extends from Nubia to Delagoa Bay. 
 
 1. Holarrhcna Africana, A. DC. Prod. 8. p. 414. — Rondelctia 
 
 floribunda, G. Don, Gard. Diet. S.p. 516.— Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 The two other W. African species, H. landolphioides, A. DC, 
 
 and H. ovata, A. DC, are both from Senegal. 
 
 1. Isonema Smeathmanni, Roem. et Schult. — A. DC. Prod. 8. 
 
 p. 415. — Grand Bassa, Vogel, Ansell ; Senegambia, Heu- 
 
 delot. 
 
 Ramuli juniores, inflorescentia et flores pilis brevibus pube- 
 
 scentes, rami adulti glabrati. Folia brevissime petiolata, 
 
 obovali-oblonga, vix acuminata, basi obtusa, 3-4 poll, longa, 
 
 1-1^ poll, lata, rigidule membranacea, supra glabra, subtus 
 
 ad venas hirta et inter venas pilis nonnullis conspersa. Cgmce 
 
 oppositaj, breviter pedunculatsc, in thyrsum seu paniculam 
 
 terminalem 3-4-pollicarem dispositae, singulse 6-10-florse. 
 
 Bractea parvre, acutse. Flores a pedicello brevi recurvo 
 
 nutantes. Calyx linea paullo longior, lobis acutiusculis ; 
 
 glandulse baseos geminatim v. interdum ternatim ap- 
 
 proximata;, cum laciniis calycinis alternantes. CorollcB tubus 
 
 cylindricusj 4 liu. lougus, extus velutinus, intus ad medium 
 
 annul o denso pilorum clausus et lineis 5 pilorum a stamini- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 451 
 
 bus usque ad annulum decurrentibus notatus, c^eterum glaber ; 
 
 lobis ovato-oblongis tubo brevioribus sestivatione sinistrorsum 
 
 contortis. Ovaria apice hispida, stylo glabro. 
 1. Strophanthus sarmentosus, DC. — A. DC. Prod. S. p. 418. — 
 
 — S. Senegambise, A. DC. I. c. — Sierra Leone, Don, Miss 
 
 Turner ; Senegal. Flowers whitisb, with deep red stripes. 
 
 The other W. African species are S. pendulus, Kumnier, 
 from Senegambia, closely allied to if not the same as S. sar- 
 mentosus : S. hispidus, DC, a very distinct species from Sierra 
 Leone, and S. laurifolius, DC, the exact station of which is not 
 given. 
 
 The Nerium scandens, Schum. et Thonn., the genus of 
 which, according to recent definitions, is uncertain, and Mo- 
 tandra Guineensis, A. DC, both from Guinea, are unknown 
 to me. 
 
 Oncinotis, gen. nov. e tribu Echitearum. 
 
 Calyx 5 -partitas, eglandulosus. CoroUce hypocraterimorphaj 
 tubus subcylindricus, faux coronata ligulis 5 integris cum 
 lobis alternantibus, lobis sestivatione sinistrorsum contortis. 
 Stamina prope basin corollse inserta ; filamenta brevissima ; 
 antherse lineari-sagittatffi, apice nudse, auriculis baseos externe 
 uncinato-recarvis. Nectarium e glandulis 5 basi connatis 
 ovatis obtusis. Ovaria 3, apice pilosa, nectario sublongiora. 
 Stylus brevis, superne fusiformi-dilatatus sulcatus et antheris 
 cohserens, ultra dilatationem productus et in lobos 2 lanceo- 
 latos stigmatosos divisus. 
 
 1. Oncinotis nitida, Benth. — Sien-a Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex scandens, glaber, ramulis compressis demum teretibus. 
 Folia opposita, linea tenui conncxa, breviter petiolata, obovali- 
 oblonga, pleraque subtripollicaria, abrupte acuminata, mar- 
 gine subrecurva, basi acuta, glaberrima, nitida, eleganter 
 venosa; vense primariaj a costa valde divergentes prope 
 marginem confluunt in venulam in medio spatio versus 
 costam recurvam et mox ramulosam ; axillae venarum ma- 
 jorum ssepe foveolatse at non pilosK. Cynmla opposite, in 
 
 G G 2 
 
452 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 thyrsos axillares breves v. ad apicem rami paniculatos dis- 
 
 positse ; rhachide thyrsi valde corapressa ; cymse ipsse uti 
 
 calyces et corollse sEepius brevitcr puberulse. Bractea mi- 
 
 nuta;. Pedicelli lineam longi. Calycis lobi linea paullo 
 
 longiores, ovati, obtusi, laxi, membranacei, ciliolati, interiores 
 
 exterioribus paullo rainores. Corollce tubus fere 2 lin. longus, 
 
 superne amplior; tubus intus a fauce ad insertionem sta- 
 
 minura pilis reflexis dense villosus, infra stamina glaber; 
 
 lacinise oblongse, tubo subsequilongse ; faucis ligulse erectse, 
 
 f lin. longse. Filamenta intus fascicule pilorum penicillata; 
 
 antherse omnino nudse, summo apice acutse et polline desti- 
 
 tutse, auriculis baseos clavellatis. Ovaria uectario vix lon- 
 
 giora, ovulis numerosissiniis amphitropis. 
 
 The externally hooked bases of the anthers, the cal}^ and 
 
 nectai'y, bring this plant very near to Motandra as characterized 
 
 by A. De Candolle ; but the scales in the throat of the corolla 
 
 and the absence of those tufts of hairs wliicli suggested the 
 
 name of Motandra prevent the uniting it with that genus. 
 
 1. Baissea Leonensis, Benth. ; glabra, cjTuis paucifloris folio 
 
 multo brevioribus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don. 
 Frutex alte scandens. Folia petiolata, ovali-oblonga v. elliptica, 
 acuminata, 2-3-pollicaria, more B. multiflora eleganter venu- 
 losa, venis ultirais crebris transverse reticulatis, sed basi omnia 
 acuta et consistentia tenuiorc quam in specie citata. Pedunculi 
 nunc cymam unicam paucifioram ferunt, nunc adduntur 
 etiam 2 opposite in medio pedunculo ; inflorescentia tota 
 glabra v. vix minutissime puberula. Bracfea minutfc. Flares 
 B. multiflorfB forma similes sed multo minores. Calyx vix 
 semilineam longus, eglandulosus. Corolla albae v. rosese 
 tubus 1^ lin. longus, fere campanulatus ; lacinise ligulatse, 
 aestivatione sinistrorsum contortfc. Nectarium brcAassimum. 
 Stylus supra dilatationem subulato-productus. 
 The Baissea miiltiflora, A. DC, from Senegambia, has cy- 
 lindrical coriaceous follicles, above a foot long, scarcely more 
 than a quarter of an inch thick, and clothed with a rusty down : 
 the seeds are numerous, about 9 lines long, truncate at the 
 upper end, with a long and exceedingly dense coma. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIaNA. 453 
 
 There is also, iu Vogel's collection^ a specimen in fruit of 
 some plant of the tribe of Echitece, which agrees in foliage and 
 in the glands of the petiole with Strophanthus sarmentosns, 
 but the inflorescence appears to be different. 
 
 LXXIII. AsCLEPIADE^. 
 
 There are no specimens iu the collection belonging to the 
 first tribe, Periploceee ; but two species have been described from 
 Angola, the Zucchellia Angolensis, Dene., and yEchmolepis 
 myrtifolia, Dene. 
 
 ] . Secamone myrtifolia, Benth. ; volubilis, glabra, foliis ovatis 
 
 acutiusculis v. subacuminatis basi rotundatis cuneatisve 
 
 utrinque glabris novcllis vix punctatis, cymis ferrugineo-pu- 
 
 berulis in paniculas axillares folio lougiores dispositis, corolla 
 
 glabra, coronEe staminese foliolis gynostegii dimidium sequan- 
 
 tibus compressis falcinulatis apice incurvo-hamatis, stigmate 
 
 brevi obtuso. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Affinis S. multiflora, sed infloresccntia diversa. Folia breviter 
 
 petiolata, 1^-2| poll, longa, \\ poll, lata, subcoriacea, costa 
 
 media subtus prominente, venis obscuris, sub lente miuu- 
 
 tissime punctulata. Cymce pedunculatae, secus pedunculum 
 
 communem oppositse, una terminali, v. in axillis supremis 
 
 solitarise et breviter pedunculatse. Flares magnitudine 
 
 eorum S. Thunbergii, extus rubri, intus flavi. 
 
 The Ichnucarpus Afzelii, Roem. et Schult., from Sien-a 
 
 Leone and Guinea, is probably an Asclepiadeous plant, and 
 
 possibly a Secamone, judging from the words quoted from 
 
 Afzelius that the internal parts of the minute flowers " formant 
 
 columnam petalis dimidio breviorem, teretem, superne cras- 
 
 siorem, apice rotundatam et inferne cinctam, ut apparet, filis 
 
 brevioribus subulatis gracillimis erectis.'^ 
 
 There are two W. African species of Xysmalobiuiu ; X. Heu- 
 delotianum, Dene., from Senegambia, and X. sessile, Dene., 
 from Angola. 
 1. Cynoctonum acuminatum, Benth. ; volubile, glabrum, foliis 
 
454 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ovali-oblongis acuminatis sinu lato cordatis auriculis rotun- 
 datis subtus glaucis supra ad petiolum glanduliferis, pedun- 
 culis folio multo brevioribus multilloris, floribus subumbel- 
 latis, corona staminea ore lO-loba^ lobis antheris oppositis 
 crasso-clavatis integris, alteniis dimidio minoribus, stigmate 
 breviter apiculato subintegro. — Sierra Leone^ Don. 
 Folia 1^-25-pollicaria, a petiolo palmatim S-nervia, acumine 
 longiusculo acuto. Pedunculi semipollicares ; inflorescentise 
 axis paullulum elongata in racemum brevissimura umbellse- 
 formem. Pedicelli 1| lin. longi. Flores vix linea longiores. 
 Mass(B poUinis parvse, apice attenuato affixse, pen dulse quidem 
 sed valde divaricatge et fere horizontales. 
 The Calotropis procera, Br., common over a great part of 
 Africa and E. India, is also found in Senegal. Pentatropis spi- 
 ralis, Dene., extends from Senegal to Nubia. 
 1. Sarcostemma, sp. — Sierra Leone, Don; Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 A leafless climber, which from the single flower preserved I 
 am unable to distinguish from the E. Indian S. brevistigma, of 
 which it appears to have the corona and stigmata, but with 
 rather a larger corolla. 
 
 Two species of Oxystelma are from W. Africa, and have been 
 named O. Senegalense and O. Bornuense by Decaisne, after 
 their native countries. 
 
 1. Dsemia Angolensis, Dene, in DC. Prod. 8. p. 544. — Common 
 from Senegal to Angola, Vogel, Ansell, Don, and others. 
 There are two varieties of this plant : one, the Ascl. con- 
 volvulacea, Schum. et Thonn., having the corolla of a deep pur- 
 ])le at the base with greenish-white divisions, is the more northern 
 form found in Senegambia and Guinea, as far as Accra; the 
 other, with large leaves and a pure white corolla, extends from 
 Cape Coast, southwards. This is the Ascl. scandens figured by 
 Palisot de Beauvois, and the A. muricata (not echinata, as mis- 
 quoted in the Prodromus) of Schumacher and Thonning. The 
 Senegambian collection contains also a third form, probably a 
 distinct species, with a longer tube to the corolla. 
 
 The four W. Tropical African species of Gomphocarpiis, are 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 455 
 
 all from Angola, viz. : G.pulchellus, Dene., G. lineolatus, Dene., 
 
 G. cr'istatus, Dene,, and G. chironioides , Dene. 
 
 1. Tylophora sylvaiica, Dene, in DC. Prod. 8. p. 610. — Cape 
 
 Palmas and Fernando Po, Vogel ; Senegambia. 
 
 Dr. Planchon eonsiders the Fernando Po specimens as be- 
 longing to a distiuet species, with larger and deeper coloured 
 scales to the staminal corona ; but on a careful comparison with 
 the Senegalese specimen in the Hookerian Herbarium, the only 
 differences I can perceive appear to me to arise from the Fer- 
 nando Po s])ecimens being in full flower, whilst on Heudelot's 
 there are only young buds. 
 
 1. Marsdenia Leonensis, Benth. ; volubilis, subglabra, foliis 
 cordatis oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis acumiuatis, cymis petiolo 
 brevioribus laxiusculis, corollre laciniis tubo intus dense piloso 
 brevioribus, coronse stamine?e foliolis bilobis, lobo interiore 
 antherse alte adnato lineari gynostegium subsequante, ex- 
 teriore brevi ovato obtuso. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Folia subtripollicaria, longiuscule petiolata, supra petiolum mi- 
 nute glandulifera, subtus ad costas ramuli inflorescentiaque mi- 
 nute puberula, planta cfeterum glabra. Cymce bifida^, breviter 
 pedunculatse. Calyx semilinea brevior. CoroUcs tubus sub- 
 globoso-campanulatus, lineam longus, prsesertim ad faucem 
 intus dense barbatus. 
 In the structure of the flower, this species appears to come 
 
 near to M. Calesiana, Dene, which is unknown to me. 
 
 2. Marsdenia glabriflora, Benth. ; volubilis ? glabra, foliis cor- 
 dato-oblongis v. ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, cymis multi- 
 floris in paniculam terminalem dispositis, corolla? undique 
 glabrae laciniis ovatis tubo longioribus, coronfe staminese 
 foliolis integris lanceolatis ad medium gynostegii adnatis 
 eumque subsequantibus. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Folia fere M. Leonensis, at minora. CynKB pedunculatse, den- 
 siflorse, minus tamen confertse quam in M. tenuis»ima. Co- 
 rollce lineam longaj, fere globosse (tandem rotato-expansoe ?) 
 profunde S-fidse, intus omnino nudse. 
 
 1. Gymncma subvolubile, Dene, in DC. Prod. 8. p. 62L — Cape 
 
456 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Coast, and Oil the Quorra, Vogel ; Accra, An ff ell ; common in 
 Senegal and Guinea. 
 2. Gymnenia niiidum, Benth. ; subvolubile ? glaberrimiim, foliis 
 brevitei' petiolatis ovatis oblongisve acuniinatis nitidis, cymis 
 subsessilibus paucitlovis, corollas parvje sqiiamis brevissimis in 
 tubum decurrentibus, stigmate umbonato antlierarum nieni- 
 braiias longe superante. — Cape Palnias, Ansell ; Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel ? 
 Folia 3-4-pollicaria, basi rotundata v. acuta, eglandulosa, sub- 
 coriacea, penninervia, superiora iioii omnia exacte opposita. 
 Cymte niinimre, vix brevissime pedunculatre, pedicellis 2-6, 
 linea paullo longioribus. Corolla | lin. longa, laciniis tubo 
 subfequilongis, squamis usque ad medium tubi lineis pilosis 
 decurrentibus. Genitalia omnino generis. 
 I was only able to examine a single flower on my own 
 specimen from Ansell ; another specimen of Ansell's in the 
 Hookerian Herbarium had lost them all, as well as Vogel's 
 specimen, (gathered and given to him by Mr. Roscher), which 
 makes me uncertain as to the identity of the latter. 
 1. Gongronema latifolia, Benth.; puberula, foliis longe petio- 
 latis late cordato-ovatis supra petiolum glanduliferis, cymis 
 pedunculatis laxis 2-3-fidis, floribus secus ramos demum 
 elongatos fasciculatis pedicellatis, corolla introrsum pilosula, 
 gynostegio tuberculis 5 carnosis ad basin niunito. — St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 Caulis volubilis, pilis brevibus patentibus baud crebris pubescens. 
 Folia 3-4-pollicaria, breviter acuminata, membranacca, utrin- 
 que pilis paucis conspersa, petiolo ssepe 2-3-pollicari. Inflo- 
 rescentia pubescenti-hirta, pedunculo communi 1-li-polli- 
 cari, ramis demum pedunculo longioribus. Corolla linea 
 paullo longior, subrotata, extus pubescens, intus versus basin 
 laciniarum pilis baud numerosis munita. Tiiherculi gy- 
 nostegii (scu foliola Cxoronpe) parvi, patentcs. Massa pollinis 
 oblongfc, erectse, longe stipitatse. 
 1. Leptadcnia land folia. Dene, in DC. Prod. 8. p. 628. — 
 Tylophora incana, Sprun. Flora, 1840. 2. Beibl. p. 26. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 457 
 
 — -Accra, Don ; extends from Senegal to Nubia and Abys- 
 sinia. 
 
 Of two other Senegalese species, L. pyrotechnica, Dene., and 
 L. gracilis, Dene., the former is also found in Egypt and 
 Arabia, the latter is confined to Senegambia. 
 
 The Hoya Africana, Dene., is common to Senegal, Nubia 
 and Abyssinia. 
 
 1. Ceropegia campanulata, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 4<. p. Ill; 
 caule humili pubescente, foliis linearibus puberulis glabra- 
 tisve, corollse tubo (violaceo ?) basi leviter ventricoso ad fau- 
 cem ampliato, limbi lobis lineari-lanceolatis piloso-ciliatis. — 
 Accra, Do7i. 
 
 A small bulbous-rooted plant, probably allied to C. linearis, 
 E. Mey., which is unknown to me. The tube of the corolla 
 is about an inch long, the lobes rather shorter. I have been 
 unable to dissect the single flower which the specimen bears, so 
 as to give a more accurate character. 
 
 Another species^ C. aristoloehioides, Dene., is found in Se- 
 negal. 
 
 CuRRORiA, Planch., nov. gen. e tribu Stapeliearum. 
 
 Calyx 5-partitus, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis. Corollee tubus 
 brevis, subglobosus, laciniis lanceolato-ligulatis, testivatione 
 sinistrorsum contortis, fauce ligulis 5 linearibus squa- 
 raata. Gynostegium inclusum. Corona staminea n villa ? 
 Antkerce apiculo lineari terminatse. Masses pollinis 
 tenuiter stipitatse, erectse, (apice pellucidse ?) Stigma 
 breve. 
 
 1. Curi-oria decidua, Planch, in Herb. Hook. — West Africa, 
 south of the Line, Curror. 
 
 Rami stricti, lignosi, nodis distantibus. Ramuli floriferi ad 
 axillas foliorum delapsorum brevissimi, folia ferunt nonnulla 
 novella quasi fasciculata, linearia v. lineari-cuneata, obtusa, 
 basi in petiolum brevem angustata, subpoUicaria, membra- 
 nacea, uninervia, glabra ; petiolorum basibus dilatatis imbri- 
 catis post folia delapsa persistentibus. Pedunculus solitarius 
 
458 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 uniflorus, e centre fasciculi (ex apice ramuli) foliis subbrevior, 
 sub calyce incrassatus, glabcr. Flores glabri. Calycis la- 
 cinise lineam longse, membranacese, striatse. Corollce tubus 
 calycem sequans, lacinife duplo longiores (patentes ?) ; ligulae 
 faucis laciniis breviores. 
 
 The flowers on the specimen are so few and so much crushed 
 in drying, that I am not certain of having very accurately 
 ascertained their structure. Tliey appear to be allied in many 
 respects to those of Pentasacme and Barroivia, although the 
 very twisted sestivation of the corolla shows more affinity to 
 some of the subdivisions of Gymnemea. 
 
 1. Hoodia Currori, Dene, in DC. Prod. 8. p. 665. — Scytanthus 
 Currori, Hook. Ic. t. 505-506.— W. Africa, I40 south of the 
 Line, Curror. 
 
 The list of W. Tropical African Asclepiadea hitherto known 
 is closed by two species of Boucerosia, B. acutangula, Dene., 
 and B. Decaisneana, Lem., both from Senegal, and by two 
 doubtful plants, the Pergularia sanguinolenta, Lindl., from 
 Sierra Leone, and an incomplete specimen of Don's from Sierra 
 Leone. 
 
 LXXIV. LoGANIACEiE. 
 
 1. Strychnos, sp. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 There are three specimens, belonging perhaps to three, or at 
 any rate to two different species, but none of them in a state 
 actually to determine. The one, gathered at Attah, is described 
 by Vogel as a tall climber, with an apple-shaped, glaucous 
 fruit ; it is in leaf only, with the remains of fruit-stalks. I 
 should have taken it to be the S. scandens, Schum. et Thonn., a 
 Guinea plant, but that the racemes or panicles appear to have 
 been very short and few-flowered. Some of the peduncles are 
 converted into hooks. A second specimen, in leaf only, and 
 without any precise station, is very much like the first, but has 
 very blunt leaves. The third specimen, gathered at Patteh, is 
 in leaf only ; these leaves are shorter and rounder than in the 
 two others, and here and there arc a pair of o])po!5ite spines, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 459 
 
 proceeding from the axillae of the leaves^ at right angles to the 
 
 stem. The foliage^ and a sketch of the fruit given by Vogel, 
 
 indicate either a Stryclmos, or more probably a Brehmia. 
 
 1. Usteria Guineensis, Willd.— ^. DC. Prod. 9. p. 23. (Tab. 
 XLV). — Roudeletia loniceroides, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 3. 
 p. 516. — Sierra Leone, Don; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 Plate XLV. Fig. 1. bud ready to open; f. 2. flower expanded ; 
 /. 3. ovary, vertical section ; /. 4. ovary, outside view ; all 
 magnified. 
 
 1. Giddvinexdi paniculata, Benth. ; foliis ellipticis acuminatis basi 
 cuneatis breviter petiolatis, vaginis stipularibus truncatis 
 minute plurisetis, panicula laxa trichotoma, calyce patente 
 brevissime repando-5-dentato. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex glaber, ramulis Isevibus. Folia 5-6-pollicaria, venis 
 arcuatis subtus prominentibus costaque media in foliis novel- 
 lis strigillosis, venularum rete tenue. Vagina stipulares 3-4 
 lin. longpe, laxiusculfe, setis insequalibus ssepius minutis raro 
 lineam longis. Panicula pyramidata, 4-6-pollicaris. Calyx 
 vix semilineam longus. Corolla in vivo ex Vog. flavo-viridis, 
 in sicco extus tomento minutissimo canescens; tubus 1| lin. 
 longus, superne latior, intus glaber nisi ad faucem densissime 
 hirsutum ; limbi lacinise oblongse, tubo subbreviores, sestiva- 
 tione valvata. Slaminum filamenta brevia, antherse oblongse, 
 tubum corollse vix superantes. Ovarium depresso-globosum, 
 hirsutum, loculis sub anthesi minimis, ovulis solitariis erectis. 
 Stylus corollam subsequans, apice breviter bifidus, lobis re- 
 curvis. 
 
 1. Anthocleista Vogelii, Planch, in Hook. Ic. t. 793, 794. (Tab. 
 XLIU, XLIV), glaberrima, foliis amplis obovato-oblongis 
 obtusiusculis v. subacutiusculis v. subacutis basi longe cunea- 
 tis margine leviter revoluto subrepandis utrinquc impresso- 
 punctatis, petiolis brevibus basi auriculatis, aculeis supra- 
 axillaribus geminatis, corolla calyce triplo longiore, limbo 
 15-partito tubo subsequali, bacca (immatiira) ovoideo-obtusa. 
 (Planch.) — On the Quorra, at Aboh and Attah, Vogel. 
 The above character, drawn up by Dr. Planchon, is followed 
 
 by a detailed description, in which, however, he docs not state 
 
460 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 more distinctly the points which induced him to separate this 
 from Afzelius^ original species^ gathered at Sierra Leone also by 
 DoHj who has published it under the name of A. nobilis. The 
 foliage is the same in both. The very singular spines do not 
 appear on Don's specimen, but it is cut off immediately above 
 the place where they should be ; for these spines do not appear 
 to me to be correctly designated as supra-axillary, but are rather 
 laterally infra-foliaceous, for if they have any connection with 
 the leaves, it must be with the pair above them, being placed, 
 as represented in the Plate, immediately under the petiolar 
 expansions on each side. The chief absolute distinction relied 
 on between the two species, is the number of divisions of the 
 corolla and of stamens, said in Don^s plant to be twelve, in 
 VogeFs fifteen ; but I find that number variable in both cases ; 
 one of Don's flowers has only eleven, another has thirteen, and 
 the remaining five or six have twelve each. Vogel's vary still 
 more ; fifteen is indeed the prevailing number, but I have in 
 several found either sixteen or fourteen, and in one case only 
 thirteen. A thii-d supposed species, published by Don under 
 the name of A. macro phylla, is again, most probably, the same 
 plant described from a cultivated specimen. If further investi- 
 gation confirms these suppositions, there would be but one 
 species knowTi, which should retain Don's name of A. nobilis. 
 
 LXXV. Gentian E.E. 
 
 1. Canscora diffusa, Br. — Griseb. in DC. Prod. 9. 7^. 64. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegal ; a common East Indian plant, 
 found also in Abyssinia. 
 
 The Scnegambian collection contains also an unpublished 
 Gentianeous plant, allied to Microcala and Slevogtia, but not 
 agreeing precisely with any one of Grisebach's genera. It is a 
 slender annual, with solitary, axillary, opposite flowers, an 
 8-ribbed, 4-toothed calyx, and a regular corolla. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 461 
 
 LXXVI. BlGNONIACE^. 
 
 1, Spathodea campanulata, Beauv. — DC. Prod. 9. p. 208. — 
 S. tulipifera^ G. Don. — DC. I. c. p. 207. — Biguonia tulipi- 
 fera^ Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 273. — Confluence of the 
 Niger at Stirling, Ansell; Guinea and Benin. 
 
 Although the descriptions differ in several points, there is 
 every reason to conclude that Beauvois^ and Thonning's plants 
 belong to one species. Beauvois' characters are generally 
 drawn up from mere fragments, his drawings made on the spot 
 of this and other plants having been destroyed by fire at 
 St. Domingo, and he is very likely to have committed the mis- 
 take of describing the leaves as alternate instead of opposite. 
 The corollas in AnselFs specimens are fully as large as that 
 figured by Beauvois ; those which are well di'ied, are even 
 larger ; Thonning says they are as large as the largest tulips. 
 The leaflets in Ansell's plants are rather broader than in 
 Beauvois' ; they are covered on the under side with a minute 
 tomentum, which is scarcely perceptible in the older leaves, they 
 are also marked on the same side with innumerable small black 
 dots, only visible under a lens. Thouning's detailed description 
 is very accurate. 
 
 2. Spathodea lutea, Benth. ; arborescens, foliis oppositis ramis- 
 que glabris v. vix puberulis, foliolis 9-11 oblongis acuminatis 
 integerrimis v. obsolete denticulatis, racemis terminalibus 
 tomentosis subpaniculatis, corolla infundibuliformi incurva 
 glabra calyce duplo longiore, capsula longissima tenuissime 
 feiTugineo-tomentella. — On the Quorra, at Patteh, and Fer- 
 nando Po, Voyel. 
 
 Arbor mediocris. Folia pedalia; foliola 3-4-pollicaria, non- 
 nulla versus apicem dentibus paucis minutis instructa, mem- 
 branacea, supra glabra, subtus ad venas ssepius puberula et 
 glandulis minutis conspersa, basi obtusa et sessilia v. inpetio- 
 lum brevissimum angustata, terminale interdum ad apicem 
 petioli articulatum et ab ultimis lateralibus distans, ssepius 
 vero addatur unum alterumve e lateralibus pariter ad apicem 
 petioli sessilibus, et sic folia variare videntur pari- v. impari- 
 
462 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 pinnata. Racemi 3- 1-pollicares, ad apices ramonim solitarii 
 V. plurcs paniculati. Pedicelli breves, fasciculati v. in race- 
 mulos brevissimos dispositi. Calyx pollicaris, arcuatus, 
 hinc fissus, inde acuminatus, integer, extus tomentellus. 
 Corolla bipollicaris, proportione multo angustior' quam in 
 S. campanulata, at forma illi propinquior quam S. leevi, 
 pallida lutea, intus sulphurea, stamina iis S. campanulaUe 
 similia, sed fauce breviora, cum rudimento qviinti. Ovarium 
 disco crasso circumdatum, biloculare, compressum, placenta 
 columnari. Stylus apice bilamellatus. Capsula bipedalis, 
 plano-compressa, 5 lin. lata ; loculicide dehiscens in valvulas 
 2 septam nudantibus angustam^ medio dilatatam in dissepi- 
 mentum spurium plano-suberosum valvulis parallelum, cap- 
 sulam in loculos spurios 4 dividens, utrinque percursum 
 nervo longitudinali (septa vera) seminifcro. Semina more 
 plerumquc Bignoniacearum plana, transverse oblonga, sub- 
 quadrata, 2\ lin. longa, alis neglectis 5 lin. lata ; testa ad 
 margines liueamque centralem calloso-incrassata, in disco 
 tenuior, ad utramque latus expansa in alam membranaceam 
 5-6 lin. longam ; membrana interna testa multo minor, 
 tenuis et viridis, embryone conformis, nisi ad basin ubi cuneata 
 est radiculam includens, apice sphacelata. Embryo planus, 
 2^ lin. latus ; cotyledones didymre (forma fere fructus Biscu- 
 tellce), apice leviter, basi profunde emarginatse, radicula ex 
 emarginaturse recta, \ lin. longa, ad hilum spectans. 
 I am not aware whether the membrane which closely enve- 
 lopes the embryo is universal in Bignoniaceec, as it does not 
 appear to have been usually noticed. I find it, however, in 
 Bignonia venusta, B. tubijlora, and two or three others, of which 
 I happen to have ripe seeds. It always includes the whole of 
 the radicle, so as to make that part appear much shorter than it 
 really is. 
 
 3. Spathodea tomentosa, Benth. ; foliis oppositis, foliolis 9-11 
 ovatis oblongisve acuminatis integei'rimis supra glabris subtus 
 ferrugineo-tomentosis, racemis tcrminalibus tomcntosis, corolla 
 glabra. — From Vogel's collection, without the precise locality, 
 probably Fernando Po. 
 
FLOUA NIGRITIANA. 463 
 
 In the form and size of the leaves, inflorescence and calyx, 
 this is very near S. lutea, but the leaves are thickly clothed 
 underneath with a soft, rusty down. Of the corolla there are 
 only fragments remaining, insufficient to show its form or size. 
 4. Spathodea adenantha, Don, DC. Prod. 9. p. 207. — Bignonia 
 
 glandulosa, Schmn. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 375. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don ; Guinea. 
 
 Don's specimen is very bad, but the scars show that the 
 leaves are ternately verticillate, and in other respects it agrees, 
 as far as it goes, with Thonning's description. 
 
 The Spathodea lavis, Pal. de Beauv., from Oware, appears to 
 be a distinct species from any of the above. The Stereospermum 
 Kunthianum, Cham., is confined to Senegal. 
 1. Kigelia Africana, Benth. — Bignonia Africana, Lam. — DC. 
 
 Prod. 9. p. 166. — Cape Coast, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 
 The specimen has but a single flower, which I was unable to 
 dissect, but it agrees so well in every particular with Lamarck's 
 description, except that the leaflets are rather more numerous, 
 that I have no hesitation in considering it identical. It is also 
 very near to the K. jEthiopica of Decaisne, from Nubia, but 
 the flowers are not quite so large. The leaves of the original 
 K. pinnata, from Madagascar, are stated to be alternate ; in our 
 plant they are certainly opposite, neither the figure nor 
 Kotschy's specimens of K. jEthiopica afibrd any information as 
 to their insertion on that species. ,The W. African plant is 
 described by Vogel as a tree of considerable height, with spread- 
 ing branches, and a whitish, rugged bark. The flowers hang- 
 ing several together from the end of a long peduncle ; the 
 calyx, 8-9 lines long, not so full as in K, ^thiopica ; the 
 corolla about 2\ inches long, of a deep red inside, paler outside, 
 marked with stripes of a golden yellow. The fruits, hanging 
 something like large cucumbers, about 2 feet long and 5 inches 
 broad, somewhat compressed laterally, are filled inside with a hard 
 kind of fleshy pulp, traversed by almost woody fibres, obscurely 
 two-celled, and containing numerous seeds nestling in the 
 pulp. 
 1. Sesamum Indicum, Linn. — DC. Prod. 9. p. 250, — Antha- 
 
464 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 denia sesamoides, Van Houtte ; JValp. Bep. 6. p. 518. — 
 Common about habitations, from Senegal to Benin and Fer- 
 nando Po, having spread, probably from cultivation, here as 
 in other parts of Afriea and Asia. . . 
 
 Van Houtte has ascertained that the small globular bodies on 
 each side of the pedicels, usually described as glands, are, in 
 fact, abortive flowers, and has corrected, in a few other particu- 
 lars, the character usually given of this plant, which is certainly 
 identical, both specifically and generically, with the common 
 Sesame. 
 
 The other W. Tropical African species of the tribe (or, as 
 some will have it, of the Order) of Scsamece are : Sesamopteris 
 radiata, DC, from Guinea ; S. alata, DC, from Senegal and 
 Guinea ; Ceratotheca sesamoides, Endl., from Senegal, Nubia 
 and Abyssinia, and Rofferia adenophylla, Gay, from Senegal and 
 Nubia. 
 
 LXXVII. CONVOLVULACE.E. 
 
 1. Batatas incurva, Benth. — Convolvulus incurvus, Sckum. et 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 99. — Iponijea humilis, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 
 4. p. 267. — Sierra Leone, Don ; on the Nun River, Vogel. 
 
 Glaberrima. Caulis repens, radicans. Folia nunc omnia in- 
 
 tegra, 2-4 poll, longa, 3-6 lin. lata; nunc basi aucta lobis 
 
 2 lineari-oblongis angulo recto divaricatis v. sursum incur- 
 
 vis. Corolla, ex Vog., alba, basin versus lutescens, ima basi 
 
 rubro-fucata. Ovarium ccrte 4-loculare. 
 
 This may be a variety of the common American sea-coast 
 
 species, B. acetosobfolia, Chois., but as well from Thonning's 
 
 description as from the few imperfect specimens before me, it 
 
 appears to me to be distinct. It can hardly be the same as 
 
 Ipomeea Clappertoni, Br., to which Choisy has referred Thon- 
 
 ning's plant. 
 
 2. Batatas j^anecwZfl/a, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 339.— Culti- 
 vated at Cape Palmas, Vogel ; a common Tropical plant. — 
 Ejusdem var. foliis integris v. rarius lobatis ; — Ipomsea erio- 
 sperma, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 73. t. 105. — Grand 
 
 ■ Bassa, Cape Coast, and on the Nun River, Vogel. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 465 
 
 3. Batatas pentaphylla, Chois. in DC, Prod. 9. p. 339. — 
 
 St. Thomas, Don ; a common Tropical species in both hemi- 
 
 splieres. 
 
 The common Batata, Batatas edulis, Chois., is said to be 
 cultivated in Tropical Africa, as well as in India and America ; 
 but the cultivated specimeas, brought by Vogel, certainly 
 belong to the B. paniculata. 
 1. Pharbitis Nil, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 343.— On the 
 
 Quorra, Vogel ; a common Tropical plant. 
 1. Calonyction speciosum, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 345, pro 
 
 parte. — Ipomoea bona-nox, Linn, var ? — Chonemorpha con- 
 
 volvuloides, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 4. p. 76. — Aboh, Vogel ; 
 
 St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 The confusion of characters and synonyms accumulated 
 under the name of Calonyction sjjeciosum is so great, that it is 
 difficult to find any specimen agreeing both with the generic 
 and specific characters given. The original Ipomoea bona-nox, 
 Linn., has the outer sepals (exclusively of their long points) 
 much shorter than the inner ones, which are either blunt or 
 have very short points ; the corolla is rather hypocrateriform 
 than infundibuliform, with a slender green tube, 4 or 5 inches 
 long, and an almost flat, broad-spreading, white limb ; the 
 stamens project considerably beyond the mouth of the tube, 
 and the capsule is as large as a good-sized nut. In these 
 respects, the Asiatic and American plants appear to agree; 
 unless it be that the corolla is rather larger in the American 
 one. Our African specimens have the calyx and corolla of the 
 same form and colour, but smaller, and the stamens are 
 scarcely, if at all, longer than the tube of the corolla. The 
 Tpomma muricata, Eoxb., of which the calyx could with less 
 impropriety be said to be " sepalis aristatis ffiqualibvis,^^ and the 
 corolla " infundibuliforniis,^^ has already been shown to be 
 totally distinct from the bona-nox, not only by this form of the 
 calyx and corolla, but also by the colour of the latter, the tube 
 of which is of a deep purple, by the stamens always included, 
 and by the small fruit. It is a true Jponiaa, and so is the 
 Ipomoea acanthocarpa, Hochst. {Calonyction? Chois.) from 
 
 H H 
 
466 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Nubia. The genus Calonyction, if retained at all, should pro- 
 bably be confined to C. speciosum and grandijloriim, unless 
 perhaps some of Choisy's Exogonia be added to them. 
 
 1. Ipomoea reptans, Poir., Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 349. — On 
 the Quorra, among the ruins of Addanda, Vogel. 
 
 This is a very luxuriant form, with leaves on very long 
 petioles, and often 5 inches long, and 3 broad at the base. 
 
 2. l^omdddi pes-capra, S\v. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 349, — 
 Cape Palmas and Fernando Po, Vogel ; common on this as 
 on other Tropical sea coasts. 
 
 The /. asarifolia, Roem. et Schult., a species closely allied to 
 the Asiatic /. rugosa and to the American /. urbica, is indicated 
 as a Senegal plant. I have not seen any specimens of it, but in 
 the Hookerian Herbarium is one, apparently of rugosa, ga- 
 thered by Macrae, at St. Yago (Cape de Verd Isles),* but remark- 
 able for its peduncles, which are rather longer than usual, and 
 thickly covered near the base with a rusty pubescence. The 
 /. Clapp)ertom, Br., from Central Africa, belonging to the same 
 group, is unknown to me. 
 
 3. Ipomoea fiUcaulis, Bl. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 353. — 
 Along the whole Guinea Coast to the Niger and St. Thomas, 
 Vogel, Don ; common in Tropical countries. 
 
 4. Ipomoea ovalifolia, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 357. — Accra, 
 Vogel, Don ; Guinea, Angola and East India. 
 
 To the same group Choisy refers two Angola species, /. den- 
 droidea, Chois., and I. verbascoidea, Chois. 
 
 5. liwmcea involucraf a, Beauv. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 365. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don, Miss Turner; Cape Palmas, Vogel; 
 Senegal to Oware, also Madagascar and Java, according to 
 Choisy. — Var. hirsutior, Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 This species can scarcely be distinguished from the common 
 East Indian /. pileata. 
 
 6. Ipomoea ameena, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 365. — Savannahs 
 
 * This species has to be added to the Spicilegia Gorgonea (supra, 
 p. 152), where also the reference, under /. pes-caprce, to the figure of 
 /. marUima, should be to the Bot. Reg. t. 319, not Bot. Mag. ; a mistake 
 apparently copied from the Prodromus. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 467 
 
 of the Quorra, at Addandaj Vogel, who states the flowers to be 
 purplish-white ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 7. Ipomoea capitata, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 365. — Cape 
 Palmas, Vogel; Accra, Ansell ; throughout Tropical Africa, 
 and closely allied to the E. Indian 1. cajntellata and the 
 American /. tamnifolia. 
 
 8. Ipomoea sessiliflora, Roth. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 366. 
 — St. Thomas, Don ; a common East African and East Indian 
 species. 
 
 9. Ipomoea sp., near the last, and with similar small flowers, but 
 very hispid ; the specimens nearly rotten. — St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 To the Capitate group Choisy refers also the /. dichroa, 
 Chois. from Senegal. 
 
 10. Ipomoea sagittata, Desf. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 372. — 
 Accra, Don; a N. American, S. European, and N. African 
 plant. 
 
 11. Ipomoea teretistigma, /9 setifera, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. 
 p. 373 ? — Sierra Leone, Don ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 This plant, which I am not quite certain of having correctly 
 identified with Choisy's /. teretistigma, from Guinea, is remark- 
 able for the very strong prominent nerves of the calyx. The 
 capsules and seeds are both smooth in Don^s specimen, which 
 has no flowers. Heudelot's has a single flower, which I was 
 unable to examine. 
 
 12. Ipomoea umhellata, Mey. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. S77. — 
 I. primula^flora, G. Don, Card. Diet. 4. p. 270. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don; Fernando Po, Vogel; a common American 
 plant, distinguished from the Asiatic /. ctjmosa almost exclu- 
 sively by its corolla, yellow, not white. 
 
 13. Ipomoea Baclei, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 381. — I. riparia, 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. 4<. p. 265, — Flowers purple, whitish 
 inside. — Fernando Po, on the sea coast, Vogel ; St. Thomas, 
 Don ; Senegal. 
 
 These specimens agree perfectly with Choisy's character and 
 figure. The /. Lindleyi, Chois. from Madagascar, must be very 
 near it. 
 
 H H 2 
 
468 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The /. ochracea, Don, from the Gold Coast, /. Owariensis, 
 Beaiiv., from Oware, /. Afra, Chois., from Guinea, and /. Ro- 
 geri, Chois., and /. zebvina, Porr., both from Senegal, are 
 unknown to me. 
 
 14. Ipomosa palmata, Forsk., Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p, 386. — 
 Senegal to the Niger and Fernando Po, Vogel, Don and 
 others ; also in East Africa. 
 
 The /. vesiculosa, Beauv., appears to be the same species, with 
 some accidental deformity of the epidermis. 
 
 15. Ipomoca ennealoha, Beauv. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 388. 
 — Sierra Leone, Vogel ; Oware. 
 
 The /. Coptica, Roth, an East African and East Indian plant, 
 extends also into Senegal. 
 
 16. Ipomoea sinuata, Ort.— Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 362. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel ; a common American plant, from the 
 Southern United States to Brazil. 
 
 These African specimens belong to some of the larger forms 
 included by Clioisy mthin the limits of the species. The 
 peduncles, as in some of the Brazilian specimens, are often much 
 longer than the petioles, with from three to seven or eight white 
 flowers, the corolla half as long again as the calyx. The pecu- 
 liar anthers of this and some allied species, would surely justify 
 their separation into a distinct section. 
 
 The two remaining Ipoma'^, cited as West African, /. Sene- 
 gambicB, Chois., from Senegal, and /. Afzelii, Chois., from 
 Sierra Leone, must both be very near Breweria secunda, de- 
 scribed below. 
 
 There is no genuine species of Convolvulus described from 
 W. Tropical Africa ; and the only one known to me is a Sene- 
 gambian plant, in Heudelot's collection, which is either a long- 
 leaved luxuriant variety of, or a new species allied to, the Egyp- 
 tian and Nubian C. microphyllus, Sieb. 
 1. Aniseia unifiora, Chois. in DC. Prod. 9. j-j. 431. — Ipomoea 
 
 lanceolata, G. Don, Card. Did. 4. p. 282. — Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don ; Madagascar and East India. 
 1. Hewittia bicolor, Wight et Arn. — Shutereia bicolor, C^ow. 
 
 in DC. Prod. 9. p. 435 — Aniseia Afzelii, G. Don, Gard. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 469 
 
 Diet. 4^. p. 295. — Sierra Leone, Don; Cape Palraas, Vogel ; 
 
 common in South-east Africa and East India. 
 1. Neuropeltis acuminata, Beuth. — Porana acuminata. Pal. 
 
 Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 1. p. 65, t. 39. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 
 
 9. p. 436. — Sierra Leone, Don ; Ovvare. 
 
 The styles being perfectly distinct to the base, had already 
 led Beauvois to suspect that this might not be a true congener 
 to Burmann^s Porana; and Don's specimen, though without 
 flowers, and indifferent as to foliage, yet being in full fru.it, with 
 enough of leaves to identify it, shows it to be an additional 
 species of Wallich's East Indian genus Neuropeltis. It is, 
 indeed, near N. ovata, but with a climbing habit and panicu- 
 late inflorescence. The enlarged fruit-bearing bracteas are 
 broadly ovate, and often above an inch long ; the capsule smali 
 and one- or two-seeded. 
 1 . Prevostea Africana, Benth. ; foliis oblongis longe acumi- 
 
 natis basi cuneatis rigide nieiiibranaceis supra glabris, pedi- 
 
 cellis unifloris in axillis confertis, corolla sepalum externum 
 
 duplo excedente. — Codonanthus Africanus, G. Don, Gard. 
 
 Diet. 4. p. 166. — C. alternifolius. Planch, in Hook. Ic. 
 
 t. 796. (Tab. XLVI.)— Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Frutex ut videtur subvolubilis. Folia semipedalia, breviter 
 
 petiolata, supra glabra, subtus oculo armato pube minuta con- 
 
 spersa. i^/on^w fasciculi axillares, 3-5'flori, pedicellis 3-6 lin. 
 
 longis, bracteolis minutis angustis ferrugineo-pubescentibus. 
 
 Sepala cxteriora late cordato-ovata, 4-4A lin. longa, minute 
 
 puberula, interiora multo minora, acuta. CorollcB (ex Don 
 
 albse) forma valde similis illi P. sericece, a Kunthio depictse ; 
 
 tubus tamen paullo amplior et sub limbo evidentius constric- 
 
 tus. Styli insequales, ssepius paullo ultra medium connati. 
 
 Ovarium glabrum, semiseptis ad axin baud attingenti]}us 
 
 incomplete biloculare. 
 
 I do not see how this plant can be distinguished from Pre- 
 vostea, so well described by Kunth under the name of Dufourea. 
 I have not, indeed, been enabled to examine any American 
 species ; but Kunth's figure is very satisfactory. The form of 
 
70 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 the corolla is all but identical, so is the structure of the calyx. 
 The styles in the American plant are more deeply separated than 
 in the African one, but Choisy considers that a variable cha- 
 racter. The ovary of Prevostea is described as bilocular, but 
 the figure represents the dissepiment as incomplete, precisely as 
 it is in Don's plant. I have restored Don's specific name, for 
 although it be not attached to the specimen, the memoranda on 
 the label leave no doubt but that this is the plant he had in 
 view ; and the mistake as to the " opposite leaves/' must have 
 arisen fx*om his having noted that it is either Gentianeous or 
 Asclepiadeous. 
 
 Plate XLVI. Fig. 1. unopened corolla; /. 2. flower; /. 3. co- 
 rolla opened laterally, showing the stamens ; /. 4. ovary and 
 styles; /. 5. section of the ovary; all magnified. 
 There is another unpublished species of the same genus, in 
 Heudelot's Senegambian collection, with the inflorescence rather 
 more developed than in Don's plant. 
 
 1. Breweria secunda, Beuth.; vulubilis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis 
 oblongisve acuminatis retusisve subcoriaceis supra glabris v. 
 parce pilosis subtus ferrugineo-villosis, cymis densis multi- 
 floris axillaribus pedunculatis v. ad apices ramorum subsessili- 
 bus confertis, sepalis acutis rufo-sericeis corolla pilosa dimidio 
 brevioribus, capsula globosa apice puberula, seminibus gla- 
 bris. — Ipomoea secunda, G. Don, Gard. Diet. 4. p. 282. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Caulis glaber v. ferrugineo-pubescens. Folia breviter petiolata, 
 basi obtusa, nunc 2-3-pollicaria elliptico-oblonga et obtusis- 
 sima, nunc l|-pollicaria ovato-lanceolata et apice longiuscule 
 acutata, summo tamen apice semper obtusa cum mucrone. 
 Cymce alite axillares distautes, alia? ad apices ramv;lorum in 
 cymam v. fasciculum subsecundum densissime confertse. 
 Sepala 3-4 lin. longa, ovato-lanceolata, parum inajqualia. 
 Corolla campanulata (ex Don alba). Stylus ad tertiam 
 partem fissus, stigmatibus majusculis capitatis. Ovarium 
 apice ])il()sum. Capsula calyce brevior. 
 1. Evolvulus alsinoides, Linn. — C.'iois. in DC. Prod. 9. p. 447. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 471 
 
 — Accra, Ansell ; on the Quorra, Vogel ; a common Tropical 
 species, of which the E. linifolius appears to be only a 
 narrow-leaved form. 
 
 West Tropical Africa seems the only known region from 
 whence no species of Cuscuta has as yet been brought. 
 
 LXXVIII. BORAGINE^. 
 
 There are two West African species of Cordia, named after 
 their respective stations, C. Senegalensis, Juss., and C. Guineen- 
 sis, Schum. et Thonn. 
 1. Ehretia cymosa, Schum. et Thonn. — DC. Prod. 9. p. 508. — 
 
 Cape Palmas, Accra and Aguapim, Vogel; Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don. 
 
 A common shrub, attaining the height of a man, with white 
 flowers, and agreeing well with Tlionning's description, except 
 that the leaves are usually much larger, being often 4 inches 
 long and 3 wide. 
 
 Senegal has one species of Tournefortia, the T. subulata, 
 Hochst., extending to Nubia and Abyssinia. 
 1. Heliotropium strigosum, Willd., DC. Prod. 9. p. 546. — 
 
 Cape Coast, Do7i ; Accra, Vogel. 
 
 The other West African species ai'e H. undulatum, Vahl, 
 common to Senegal, the deserts of North Africa, and Nubia ; 
 H. Kunzei, Lehm., from Senegal, Nubia and Abyssinia ; H. Co- 
 romandelianum, Lehm., extending from Senegal over the greater 
 part of Africa and East India, to the Philippine Islands and 
 Tropical Australia; H. Baclei, DC, from Senegal; andH.Afri- 
 canum, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea. 
 1. Heliophytum Indicum, DC, Prod, 9. p. 557. — Common in 
 
 West Tropical Africa, and in nearly all Tropical countries in 
 
 both hemispheres. 
 
 The common African Trichodesma Africanum, Br., for which 
 Webb proposes (above, p. 153) to restore Medik's original name 
 of PoUichia, extends into Senegal, and is the only species of the 
 numerous tribe of Boragece proper hitherto found in W. Africa 
 within the Tropics. 
 
472 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 LXXIX. SoLANACEiE. 
 
 1. Physalis somnifera, Liun. — Cape Palmas, Vogel ; a com- 
 mon N. and E. African, S. European, and E. Indian plant. 
 
 2. Physalis angulata, Linn. — N. ab E., Linncsa, 6. p. 474 ? — 
 Common in cultivated places, from Sierra Leone to the 
 Niger. 
 
 I am not quite certain whether this should be referred to 
 P. angulata or to P. aquata, both of them widely spread in 
 Tropical regions. The specimens are perfectly smooth, as is 
 usual with P. angulata; but the fruit-calyx, so far as I can judge 
 in their badly-di-ied state, is not so decidedly angled. On most 
 of the labels, Vogel states the flowers to be yellow ; on one, 
 however, attached to a specimen not otherwise distinguish- 
 able from the remainder, he has noted : " Flores lutei, basi 
 brunnei/* 
 
 3. Physalis minima, Linn. — N. ah E., Linncea, 6. p. 479. — On 
 the Quorra, at Attah, Vogel ; an East Indian species. 
 
 1. Capsicum annuum, Linn. — Common in cultivated places 
 at Sierra Leone, Vogel; an East Indian and American 
 plant. 
 
 1. Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill. — Dun. Syn. Sol. p. 4. — 
 Common in cultivated gi'ounds at Fernando Po, Vogel. — 
 This, the Tomato, or Love-apple, of American origin, appears 
 to be frequently found growing naturally in the Old World, 
 escaped from cultivation. 
 
 1. Solanum nodiflorum, Jacq. — Dun. Monogr. Sol. p. 151. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel. 
 
 This common East Indian species can hardly be distin- 
 guished, except by its straggling habit and })erennial stem, from 
 the ubiquitous S. uigr-um, Linn., of which the ^S'. Guineense, 
 Lam., appears to be a large-fruited variety. 
 
 2. Solanum sp. — Accra, and ruins of Addanda, on the Quorra, 
 Vogel. 
 
 An unarmed, suffrutescent, stellately-tomentose and small- 
 flowered species, which I cannot identify with any published 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 473 
 
 one, nor venture to describe as new in the present state of con- 
 fusion which prevails among the five or six hundred species of 
 the genus. 
 
 3, Solanum distichum, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 132 ? — 
 Accra, Ansell; a single small specimen, allied to the last- 
 mentioned species of VogePs, but shrubby, and bears a single 
 small prickle, 
 •i. Solanum Melongena, Linn. — N. ab E. Linn. Trans. 17. 
 p. 48. — Common in cultivated grounds. 
 The native country of this, the Bringall or Aubergine, is 
 doubtful, it being in universal cultivation and frequently natu- 
 ralized all over the Tropics, as well as in Southern and some 
 parts of Central Europe. The S. edule. and S. Atropa of 
 Schum. et Thonn., are probably very near it, if not mere 
 varieties. 
 
 5. Solanum anomalum, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 126. — 
 Grand Bassa, Cape Palmas, and Fernando Po, Vogel ; Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 
 Vogel says that the flowers are nodding, and usually penta- 
 merous, although sometimes tetramerous, as described by Thon- 
 ning. The berries scarlet and erect. 
 
 Two other species of Solanum, from Guinea, are published by 
 Schum. et Thonn., under the names of S. dasyphyllum, and 
 S. geminifolium. 
 
 LXXX. ScROPHULARINEiE. 
 
 1. Schwenckia Americana, Linn. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. 
 
 p. 194. — Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, and on the Quorra, 
 
 Vogel, Don ; Senegambia, and common in East Tropical 
 
 America. 
 
 One species of Linaria, L, spariioides, Brouss,, is found at 
 Cape Verd, within the extreme northern limits of Senegambia. 
 1. Alectra Vogelii, Benth., in DC. Prod. 10. p. 339.— On the 
 
 Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel. Flowers yellow. 
 
 The Alectra Senegalensis, Benth., is confined to Senegal. 
 
474 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Doratanthera linearis, Benth., and Stemodia serrata, Benth., 
 extend from Senegal to Nubia and Egj-pt ; and the common 
 East Indian Limnophila gratioloides, Br., is also found in 
 Senegal. 
 
 1. Herpestis calycina, Benth.; in DC. Prod. \Q. p. 399. var. ? 
 Accra, Don. 
 
 Don's specimen is veiy bad, but appears to belong to the 
 narrow-leaved Sierra Leone variety, with rather longer pedicels 
 than in other specimens I have seen. The broad-leaved variety 
 is from Senegal, as well as three other species, H. Hamilto- 
 niana, Benth., H.florihunda, Br., and H. Monniera, H. B. K. 
 All three are also East Indian, the H. floribunda extending to 
 Tropical Australia, and H. Monniera being common to all the 
 warmer regions of the globe. Senegal supplies also one species 
 of Dopatrium, D. Senegalense, Benth. 
 
 1. Vandellia diffusa, Linn. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. p. 416. 
 — Sierra Leone, Vogel, both the sessile-flowered and pedun- 
 culate varieties ; a common East Tropical American plant. 
 3. VandelHa Senegalensis, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. p. 416. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don ; on the Nun River, Vogel ; Senegal. 
 The little East Indian Glossustigma spathulatum, Arn., is 
 also found in Senegal. 
 1. Capraria hiflora, Linn. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. jo. 429. — 
 
 Cape Coast, Vogel, Don ; frequent in America. 
 1. Scoparia dulcis, Linn. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. p. 431. — 
 Sierra Leone to the Niger, Vogel, Don, &^'c. ; as common here 
 as in all the warmer parts of Africa, Asia and America. 
 There are three Senegambian species of Buchnera ; B. dura, 
 Benth., common to S. Africa and ]\Iadagascar ; B. hispida, 
 Hamilt., extending into Abyssinia, Madagascar and East India ; 
 and B. leptostachya, Benth., found also in Madagascar. The 
 Guinea plant described as B. linear if alia, Schum. et Thonn., 
 belongs probably to some other genus. 
 
 1. Striga orobanchoides, Benth. in DC. Prod. \Q. p. 501. — On 
 the Quorra, Vogel ; Senegal, East Africa and East India. 
 
 2. Striga aspera, ^. fi lifer mis, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. y;. 501. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 475 
 
 — On the Quorra, Vogel. The type of the species is from 
 
 Senegal and Guinea. 
 3. Striga Senegalensis, Benth. in DC. Prod. 10. p. 502. — On 
 
 the Qiiorra, at Stirling, Vogel, Ansell; Senegal and East 
 
 Africa. Possibly a mere small-flowered variety of S. her- 
 
 monthica. 
 
 Two other Striga belong to W. Tropical Africa, the S. For- 
 besii, Benth., from Senegal and Madagascar, and S. macrantha, 
 Benth., from Senegal and Sierra Leone. The Rhamphicarpa 
 fistulosa, Benth., an Abyssinian and Nubian plant, is found also 
 in Senegal; and Sopubia fiUformis, G. Don, from Guinea, com- 
 pletes the list of W. Tropical African Scrophularineee. 
 
 LXXXI. ACANTHACE^. 
 
 1. Thunbergia geraniifoliaf Benth.; scandens, pilis longis 
 hirta, foliis latis cordatis palmato-5-lobis acumiuatis, pedun- 
 culis axillaribus unifloris, calyce truncato integro. — Sierra 
 Leone, Do7i. 
 
 Pili longi rigiduli appressi v. subpatentes, ad ramulos infra 
 nodos et in petiolos reflexi, supra nodos et in pedunculos 
 arrecti, in foliorum pagina superiore bracteisque numerosi 
 sparsi, in pagina inferiore rariores pr?ecipue ad venas dis- 
 positi. Folia midto minora, tenuiora et magis lobata quam 
 in T. grandijlora, et tomentum breve scabrum illivis speciei 
 omnino deest. Bractece IJ-poUicares, acuminatse, membra- 
 nacese nee coriacese. Corollam non vidi. 
 
 2. Thunbergia chrysops, Hook. — N., ah E. in DC. Prod. 11. 
 J). 55. — Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 3. Thunbergia cynanchifolia, Benth. ; volubilis, pilosula, gracilis, 
 foliis petiolatis cordato-sagittatis membranaceis, calyce Q-7- 
 fido, corollae limbo tubo suo breviore. — On the Quorra, 
 
 Vogel. 
 Caules tenues, parce pilosuli v. glabrati. Folia 1-3-pollicaria, 
 forma fere Cynanchi acuti, apice mucronulala, margine cilio- 
 lata, basi profunde cordata, auriculis rotundatis v. saepius sub 
 angulatis, utrinque viridia et sparse pilosula v. demum gla- 
 
476 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 brata. Flores axillares^ pedunculati, solitarii v. ad apices 
 ramuloruin paucij pro genere parvi. Bracte(E membranaccfe, 
 acutse, 5 lin. longa^. Calyx brevissimus, late et obtuse usque 
 ad medium divisus. Corolla alba, pollice brevior. Antheroe 
 basi pilosse, inter se subaequales, loculo altero calcarato, altero 
 (an in omnibus ?) mutico. Stylus apice infundibuliformis. 
 Capsida globosa, vix miuutissime tomentella, rostro capsula 
 ipsa longiore. 
 
 There is but a single corolla with the specimen, and in this 
 one I saw Jive spm-red cells of anthers, but I was unable 
 to ascertain whether the fifth arose from a fifth stamen acci- 
 dentally developped, or from the second cell of one of the 
 other anthers, the whole being much crushed in drying. 
 4. Thunbergia ? Vogeliana, Benth. ; scandens ?, glabra, foliis 
 ovatis oblongisve integerrimis basi angustatis rotundatisve 
 utrinque papuloso-scabris, pedicellis axillaribus unifloi'is, ca- 
 lyce sub-12-fido. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Rami lignosi, angulati, flexuosi et scandentes videntur etsi vix 
 volubiles, glabri prseter pubem ad nodos juniores fasciculatam 
 demum evanidam. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, breviter petiolata, 
 acuminata v, obtusa, venosa, rigidule chartacea, utrinque 
 tactu scabra. Pedicelli pollicares. Bractea pollicares, 
 ovatffi, obtusae, primum rubrse, demum rubro-albse v. albaj. 
 Calyx brevis, lobis circa 12 inajqualibus subulatis. Corolla 
 (quam ipse non vidi) sec. Vogel infundibuliformis est, tubo 
 extus albo intus flavo, limbo fusco-coeruleo. Stamina non 
 vidi et ideo genus incertum. Habitus potius Meyenia, sed 
 stylus superest apice more Thunbergice ad partem stigma- 
 tosam infundibuliformis. 
 1. Meyenia ereda, Benth. ; glabra, foliis pctiolatis ovatis ob- 
 longisve acuminatis basi angustatis, calyce brevissimo sub-12- 
 fido, corollffi tubo bracteis quadruplo longiore. — Cape Coast, 
 Vogel. 
 Frutex 6-8-pedalis, ramulis tenuibus tetragonis. Folia 1-2- 
 pollicaria, intcgerrima v. obsolete augulata, membranacea. 
 Pedunculi axillarcs, uniflori, pollicares. Bractece membra- 
 nacese, scmipollicarcs. Calyx cum lobis raro lineam longus. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 477 
 
 Corolla tubus (tubus cum faucibus, N. ab E.) fere bipolli- 
 caris, supra ovarium contractus, dein ventricosus, ad faucem 
 ampliatus ; limbus subsequalis. Antherce muticse, omnes sub- 
 similes, loculis ciliatis ineequalibus, altero altius inserto bre- 
 viore et magis divergente. Stylus apice divisus in lobos 
 stigmatiferos 2 cuneato-dilatatos emarginatos. Flores ex 
 Vogel erecti, corollis basi luteo-albidis, apice purpureis. 
 1. Elytraria marginata, Beauv. ; N. ab E., in DC. Prod. \\. p. 
 63. — Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, Vogel; St. Thomas, 
 Don; Senegal to Oware, and scarcely to be distinguished 
 from the common East Indian E. crenata, or the American 
 E. virgata. 
 
 The Nelsonia canescens, N. ab E., a native of Senegal and of 
 a great portion of Africa, appears to grow also in Tropical 
 America and Australia. Senegal has likewise supplied the five 
 following Acanthaceae, hitherto confined to that country : Phy- 
 sichilus Senegalensis and P. barbatus, N. ab E., Polyechma 
 micranthum and P. odorum, N. ab E., and Nomaphila lavis, 
 N. ab E. 
 
 1. Brillaintaisia Lamium, Benth. — Leucoraphis Lamium, N. 
 ab E., in DC. Prod. W.p. 97. — Fernando Po, Vogel, Ansell ; 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 2. Brillaintaisia Vogeliana, Benth. — Leucoraphis Vogeliana, N. 
 ab E., in DC. Prod. U. p. 97.— Fernando Po, Vogel; St. 
 Thomas, Don. 
 
 There seems little doubt that these two plants belong to 
 Beauvois' genus Brillaintaisia, as characterized in the Fl. Ow. 
 et Ben., and accidentally overlooked by Nees. It is also very 
 probable that the species figured by Beauvois (B. Owariensis, 
 Beauv. FL Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 68. t. 100./. 2.) is the Belanthera 
 Belvisiana, N. ab E., notwithstanding the discrepancy of the 
 presence of the sterile stamens in Beauvois^ Brillaintaisia, and 
 their absence in Nees' Belanthera. Beauvois' specimens are 
 in general made up of mere fragments ; and several cases are 
 known where the details of the flowers in his figures are compiled 
 from difierent plants. The fragments seen by Nees, left him 
 also in some uncertainty as to their all belonging to one plant. 
 
478 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 At any rate, the two genera of Nees, Leucoraphis and Belan- 
 thera, are so very closely allied, that it seems better to reunite 
 them under Beauvois' name. 
 
 The two Senegalese species of Calophanes, C. Perrottetii, 
 N. ab E., and C. Heudelotianus, N. ab E., are confined to that 
 country. 
 1. Dipteracanthus elongatus, N. ab E., in DC, Prod, W. p. 140. 
 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Oware. 
 
 VogeFs specimen is in very young bud only, but appears to 
 belong to this species. 
 
 1. Asystasia CoromandeHnna, N. ab E., in DC. Prod. 11. p. 
 165, var. hirsuta, parvifolia, parviflora, calycis laciniis subu- 
 latis, corolla roseo-carnea. — Cape Coast, Vogel; a common 
 East Indian species, extending over Eastern and Central 
 Africa to Senegal. 
 
 2. Asystasia quaterna, N. ab E., in DC. Prod. \\. p 166, var. 
 calycis laciniis subulatis, corolla alba. — Cape Palmas and 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don ; var. corolla rosea. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don; the species common to Senegal and 
 Guinea, 
 
 3. Asystasia calycina, Benth ; diffusa, parce pubescens, foliis 
 ovatis, I'acemis axillaribus elongatis secundis strictis, calycis 
 laciniis lineari-lanceolatis membranaceis. — Grand Bassa, 
 Vogel. 
 
 The above three species closely resemble each other, and 
 may possibly be all varieties of the common A. Coromandeliana ; 
 if the size and form of the leaves, the hairiness, the size 
 of the flowers, &c., be really as variable as the usually indif- 
 ferent specimens appear to indicate. The A. calycina is the 
 most distinct, by the divisions of the calyx, which are about 
 I of a line broad. Its flowers are said to be greenish- 
 white. 
 
 4. Asystasia scandens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4449. — Henfreya 
 scandens, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 31. — Sierra Leone, Don, 
 Whitfield. 
 
 It is merely from inadvertence, in the hurry of drawing up 
 Addenda without seeing the specimens, that Nees referred this 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 479 
 
 plant to A. quaterna, after having in the text of the Prodromus 
 well alluded to the evidently close affinity of Thonning's plant 
 to the A. Coromandeliana. In the A. scandens, not only is 
 the general size of the plant and of the leaves very diifereut 
 from those described by Thonning, but the inflorescence and 
 flowers at once preclude the possibility of uniting them. Schu- 
 macher moreover expressly states that the R. quaterna only 
 difi"ers from R. intrusa, Vahl., (another sjiecies scarcely dis- 
 tinguishable from A. Coromandeliana), by the number of 
 bracts. With regard to the genus, our plant cannot be sepa- 
 rated from Asy stasia ; to which Lindley himself would probably 
 have referred it, had the volume of the Prodromus been then 
 published, 
 
 5. Asystasia Vogeliana, Benth. ; glabra, foliis ovatis ellipticisve 
 acuminatis basi angustatis breviter petiolatis, racemis termi- 
 nalibus subramosis glabriusculis, floribus unilateralibus soli- 
 tariis pedicellatis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Caulis herbaceus, erectus, subsimplex v. parce ramosus, pluri- 
 pedalis, ima basi frutescens. Folia semipedalia, supra niti- 
 dula, longe acuminata. Inflorescentia fere A. Coromande- 
 liana, pedicellis tamen sublongioribus. Calyces paullo mi- 
 nores, laciniis angustis. Corolla tenuis, omnino apertam non 
 vidi, sed alabastrum adest jam 1^ poll, longum. Antherce 
 oblongse, loculis parallelis basi vix callosis, uno paullo altius 
 inserto. 
 1. Paulo-Wilhelmia polysperma, Benth. ; caule glabriusculo, 
 foliis ovatis acuminatis eroso-dentatis basi cuneatis villosis, 
 capsulis 8-10-spermis. — On the Sugarloaf Mountain, Sierra 
 Leone, Don. 
 Rami lignosi. Folia 2-4-pollicaria, longe petiolata, rugosa, 
 venis primariis a costa media angula valde acuta divergenti- 
 bus, secundariis transversis crebris. Cymes subsessiles, bi- 
 fidse V. dichotomse, in thyrsum terminalem dispositre. Calycis 
 lacinise 5, sequales, lineares, siccse, glanduloso-puberute, per 
 anthesin 5 lin., in fructu 7 lin. longse. Corolla tubus tenuis 
 9-10 lin. longus; limbus' tubo brevior late expansus 5- 
 
480 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 partituSj laciniis obovatis omnibus ad unum latus dejcctis. 
 Stamina subdidynama, exserta ; filamenta basi per paria 
 lateralia connexa; antheraruru loculi angusti, contigui, 
 sequales. Capsula 9 lin. longa, subtetragona, a basi 2-locu- 
 laris. 
 1. Whitfieldia lateritia, Hook.— iV. ab E., in DC. Prod. U. p. 
 211. — Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 1. Barleria opaca, N. ab E., m DC. Prod. \\. p. 230. — Accra, 
 Don; Guinea. 
 
 2. Barleria halimioides, N. ab E., in DC. Prod. 11. p. 231. — 
 — West Africa, south of the Line, Curror. 
 
 A third species of Barleria, B. Senegalensis, N. ab E., is 
 confined to Senegal. 
 1. Asteracantha auriculata, N. ab E., in DC. Prod. II. p. 248. 
 
 — Senegal and Guinea, Don, Vogel and others ; frequent also 
 
 in East Africa, and closely allied to the common East Indian 
 
 A. longifolia. 
 
 Two species oi Lepidayathis, L. Heudelotiana, N. ab E., and 
 L. anohrya, N. ab E., are confined to Senegal. 
 
 1. ^Etheilema reniforme, Br. — N. ab E., in DC. Prod. \\. p. 
 261. — Sierra Leone, Don; from Senegal, through East Africa 
 to East India. 
 
 2. iEtheilema imbricatum, Br. — N. ab E., in DC. Prod. 11. 
 p. 262. — Sierra Leone, Don ; East Africa. 
 
 3. j3Etheilema micrantha, Benth. ; caulc flexuoso ramoso pa- 
 tentim piloso, foliis cujusve paris valde insequalibus, majori- 
 bus petiolatis ovatis oblongisve basi insqualiter angustatis, 
 floribus axillaribus 1-3 confertis, calycis lacinia superiore 
 ovata V. oblonga acuta membranacea ciliata. — St. Thomas, 
 Don. 
 
 Specimen pedale adest, ramosum. Folia tenuiter membranacea, 
 pilis raris conspersa, majora l-l^-pollicaria, longiuscule pe- 
 tiolata, alteram cujusve paris ssepius minimum est, iufcriora 
 tameu mihi desunt. Bractea late ovatrc, circa 2 lin. longre. 
 Calycis lacinia summa herbacea, membranacea, 2 lin. longa, 
 inferiores angustre, laterales angustissimae. Corolla 2\ lin. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 481 
 
 longa, labio superiore bifido, inferiore duplo longiore trifido. 
 
 Capsula 2 lin. longa, basi brevissime angustata, supra basin 
 
 tetrasperma. 
 
 This species would appear to be very near j^. rupestre, 
 N. ab E., from Madagascar, only known to me by Nees' 
 character. 
 
 1. Teliostachya laguroidea, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. W. p. 26J<. 
 — Accra, Vogel. 
 
 2. Teliostachya hyssopifolia, Benth. ; humilis, pilis raris strigil- 
 losa V. glabrata, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis angustis breviter 
 petiolatis, spicis brevibus densis, calycis lacinia superiore 
 lanceolata, capsula calyce breviore. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Herba 3-4-polIicaris v. rarius semipedalis, basi diffuse ramosa 
 V. reptans. Folia vix pollicaria, pleraque obtusiuscula, utrin- 
 que strigis minimis conspersa. Spicce ovatse v. oblongo-cy- 
 lindricse, tenuiores quam in cseteris speciebus etsi densiflorse. 
 Flares iis T. laguroidis simdes, sed lacinise calycinse angus- 
 tiores. 
 1. Blepharis boerhaaviafolia, Juss. — N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 
 11. jo. 266. — Sierra Leone, Don; Senegal, Guinea, through- 
 out Africa and East India. 
 1. Cheilopsis montana, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11. p. 272. 
 — Common in the mountains of Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 The Acanthodium hirtum, Hochst., a Nubian plant, extends 
 into Senegal. 
 
 1. Isacanthus Vogelii, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11. p. 279. — 
 Cape Palmas, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 The Crossandra Guineensis, N. ab E., from Guinea, is not in 
 our collections. The Amphiscopia Middletoni, N. ab E., is 
 probably not African. The label does not refer to the Gaboon 
 Coast, but merely to Johanna P., with the date 1782. I have 
 as yet found no clue to the signification of this abbreviation, 
 which occurs on several of Captain Middleton's specimens ; but 
 the Gaboon Coast specimens are usually dated 1787. 
 1. Rostellaria ^arz;i^ora, Benth. ; caule repente ramoso gracili, 
 foliis ovatis petiolatis supra scabrellis, spicis axillaribus pe- 
 dunculatis secundis folio brevioribus, bracteis obovato-orbi- 
 
 I I 
 
482 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 culatis membranaceis, calycibus 5-fidis lacinia supreraa multo 
 breviore. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Caules tenues, ramis floriferis suberectis vix semipedalibus. 
 Folia pollicaria, membranacea, viridia, pilis minutis conspcrsa. 
 PeduncuH filiformes, solitarii v. gemini, petiolo plerunique 
 breviores. ;S/>ic« circa seniipollicem longse. Bractece l^\in. 
 longse, late obovatse, obtusissimse, integerrimse v. eroso-denti- 
 culatge, membranaceae, pallida \drentes et venulosse, basi an- 
 gustatse et paullo induratse, in spica oblique imbricatse, 
 alternfe florem solitarium foventes et superantes, alternse 
 paullo minores et steriles. BradeolcB et calycis lacinise 
 subulatse, basi parum latiores et byalinse, lacinia summa 
 vix tertiam partem longitudinis fequans. Corolla et stamina 
 omnino Rostellaria. Capsula basi sterilis, a medio ad apicem 
 tetrasperma. 
 This plant seems to connect the genera Rostellaria and 
 
 Anisostachya, having the inflorescence of the latter, with the 
 
 calyx of the former. 
 
 The Rostellaria tenella, N. ab E., is common to Senegal and 
 
 Madagascar ; Leptostachya virens, N. ab E., was gathered on 
 
 the Gaboon Coast, by Captain Middleton, in 1787; Schivabea 
 
 ciliaris, N. ab E., extends from Senegal to Nubia and Abyssinia. 
 
 1. Adhatoda (Amblyanthus) 2J(^niculata, Benth. ; foliis amplis 
 oblongo-ellipticis glabris v. subtus ad venas puberulis, cymis 
 laxis oppositis in paniculam pyramidatam dispositis, bracteis 
 calycisque laciniis herbaceis oblongo-linearibus, anthcrarum 
 loculis connectivo lato sejunctis subparallelis, inferiore basi 
 mucronato. — Fernando Po, Voffel. 
 
 Frutex ramosus, 4-5-pedalis. Ramuli uti petioli, costse foliorum 
 et inflorescentia pube minuta tomentelli ; planta crcterum 
 glabra. Folia semipedalia, acuminata, versus basin angustata, 
 ima basi Stiepius obtusa, v. emarginata, rarius in petiolum 
 decurrentia, supra nitidula, petiolo 1-2-pollicari; floralia sub 
 cymis minora, ovata, subsessilia, usque ad apicem paniculse 
 decrescentia ; summa scmipollicaria. Cyma opposita;, dicho- 
 tomy, patentes, floribus ad dichotomias et apices ramulorum 
 sessilibus erectis. Bracteolds inferiores calyce paullo Ion- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 483 
 
 giores, summse breviores angustiores. Calyces 3 lin. longi, 
 laciniis apice rotundatis et brevissime mucronulatis inter se 
 subsequalibus. Co7'olla viridis fundo rubescente; tubus 
 (tubus cum faucibus N. ab E.) 2^ lin. longus^ intus basi 
 brevissime glaber, dein antice gibbus, intus lineis 5 elevatis 
 pilosis notatus, labia inter se et tubo subsequalia, palato callis 
 2 brevibus elevatis glabris ad faucem conniventibus notato. 
 Stamina galeam suba^quantia. Ovarium supra medium 4- 
 ovulatum, basi annulo carnoso cinctum. Capsula coriacea, 
 8-9 lin. longa, a basi ad medium sterilis, supra medium 
 2-4-sperma. 
 
 Of the five elevated, bairy, longitudinal lines in the tube of 
 the corolla^ the upper one branches into the two middle nerves 
 of the upper lip of the corolla, the two lateral ones terminate in 
 the filaments of the stamens, the two lower converge to a point 
 where they meet the two callosities of the palate. 
 
 2. Adhatoda Kotschyi, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. W. p. 397.— A 
 Senegalese and Nubian plant, of which there appears to be a 
 fragment in Don^s collection, without any indication of the 
 station. 
 
 3. Adhatoda (Tyloglossa) diffusa, Benth. ; caule elongato her- 
 baceo diff'uso ramoso piloso, foliis distantibus ovali-oblongis 
 pilosulis, floribus verticillato-subsenis sessilibus, bracteis obo- 
 vatis orbiculatisve ciliatis, bracteolis exiguis, laciniis caly- 
 cinis lineari-lanceolatis subciliatis, capsulis glabris calyce 
 duplo longioribus. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Affinis A. Rostellaria, imprimis bracteis distinguitur. Caulis 
 pluripedalis, basi radicans, ramis floriferis adscendentibus 
 pilis patentibus rigidulis ; internodia infcriora valde elongata. 
 Folia petiolata, 1^-3 poll, longa, utrinque acutata, membra- 
 nacea, pilis utrinque paucis conspersa, cujusve paris ssepius 
 insequalia. Bractea petiolo multo breviores, membranacese, 
 margine longe ciliatse, calyces sfepius excedentes. Bracteolm 
 minutse. Calyx 2 lin. longus, laciniis parum insequalibus mar- 
 gine subscariosis et plus minus ciliatis. Corolla Q-7 lin. 
 longa (rosea ?), extus apice pilosa ; forma floris et genitalia 
 fere A. Kotschyi. 
 
 I I 2 
 
484 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 4. Adliatoda plicata, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. \\. p. 401.— On 
 the Quorra and Nun Rivers^ Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 5. Adhatoda Anselliana, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. II. p. 403. — 
 Cape Palmas, Ansell, Vogel ; at Abob, Vogel. 
 
 6. Adhatoda tristis, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11. p. 404.— Fer- 
 nando Poj Vogel. 
 
 1. Eranthemum hypocrateriforme, Br. — N. ab E. in DC. 
 Prod. 11. jw. 454. — Accra^ Don; Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Foha l|-3-polHcariaj in specimine Vogehano subtus glauca, in 
 Doniano subtus pallida. 
 
 2. Eranthemum hispidum, N. ab E. in DC. Prod. 11. p. 156. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don, who says it is a small trailing plant, 
 with yellow and white flowers. The specimens are about a 
 foot long. 
 
 A third species, E. elegans, Br., is from Oware. 
 Senegal contains two species of DicUptera, D. umbellata, 
 N. ab E., and D. maculata, N. ab E,, the latter of which is also 
 found in Abyssinia ; and one species of Pei'istrophe, the com- 
 mon East Indian and East African P. bicalyculata, N. ab E. 
 1. Hypoestes rosea, Pal. de Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. p. 69. 
 t. 100. /. \.—N. ab E. in DC. Prod. \\. p. 506, where the 
 reference to Beauvois is accidentally omitted. St. Thomas, 
 Don ; Oware. Don's specimen is not in flower, and some- 
 what doubtful. 
 
 The other W. African species are H. cancellaia, N. ab E., 
 from Sierra Leone, and H. latifolia, Hochst., from Senegal 
 and Nubia. 
 
 There remain, as Acanthacece of doubtful genera, Justicia 
 tunicata, Vahl, from Sierra Leone, and a Sierra Leone plant in 
 Don's collection, unlike any I am acquainted with, but so much 
 pressed in drying as to preclude all examination. 
 
 LXXXII. Verbenace.e. 
 
 1. Stachytarphcta Jamaicensis, Vahl. — Schauer, in DC. 
 Prod. II. p. 564. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 I am unable to distinguish the common E. Indian S. Indica 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 485 
 
 from the American >S^. Jainaicensis : in both, the angles of the 
 stem are blunt and often obliterated with age, and the form of 
 the leaves is variable. This African plant has more of the aspect 
 of the generality of the American than of the Asiatic specimens. 
 Another species, S. angustifolia, Vahl, is found in Sene- 
 gambia. 
 
 1. Lippia nodiflora, Rich. — Schau. in DC. Prod. \\. p. 585. — 
 On the Gambia, Don ; south of the Line, Curror ; and 
 throughout the Tropics and warmer regions of both hemi- 
 spheres. 
 
 1. Lantana antidotalis, Schum. et Thonn, — Schau. in DC. Prod. 
 11. p. 598.— Cape Coast and^ Accra, Vogel ; Senegal and 
 Guinea. 
 
 The leaves are opposite, not ternately verticillate ; but in all 
 other respects these very bad specimens agree better with the 
 character of L. antidotalis than with that of the common 
 L. Camara, which they resemble. The bractea3 are linear, not 
 subulate, but the exterior ones are fully as long as the tube of 
 the corolla. 
 
 1= Premna quadrifolia, Schum. et Thonn. — Schau. in DC. 
 Prod.W. p. 633. — Variat foliis basi obtuse rotundatis v. 
 etiam acutiusculis. — Accra, Don ; in VogeFs collection with- 
 out the precise station. 
 
 2, Premna (Premnos) hispida, Benth. ; ramulis cymis foliisque 
 piloso-hispidis, foliis obovatis oblougisve acuminatis basi an- 
 gustatis, panicula cymosa terrainali subsessili, calyce 5-dentato, 
 coroUse tubo calyce longiore. — Sierra Leone, Don; Sene- 
 gambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Pili longi ferruginei ad apices ramulorum costas foliorum inflo- 
 rescentiamque copiosi, in utraque pagina foliorum sparsi. 
 Folia ad apices ramorum conferta, 3-5-pollicaria, integerrima, 
 chartacea, glandulis paginal inferioris crebris. Ci/ma foliis 
 multo brevior, multiflora. Flores extus hirti et glanduliferi. 
 Calyw vis semilineam longus, dentibus 5 mucronulatis v. 
 muticis parum insequalibus. Corolla tubus linea paullo lon- 
 gior, limbus subbilabiatus, labium superius integrum, laciniis 
 
486 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 inferioribus majus, et certo sestivatione intimum. Stamina 
 e tubo vix exserta. Fructus nou vidi. 
 
 The Volkameria aculeata, Linn., is in some Senegalese col- 
 lections, but only from gardens. 
 
 1. Clerodendron volubile, Beauv. — Schauer in DC. Prod. 11. 
 p. 661. — C. multiflorum, G. Don, in Edinh. Phil. Journ. 
 
 1824. p. 350. — Sierra Leone, Don ; Oware. 
 
 Don^s specimen is in fruit only, and the panicle is rather 
 larger and fuller than represented in Beauvois' figure, but it 
 appears to belong to the same species. 
 
 2. Clerodendron scandens, Beauv. — Schau. in DC. Prod. 11. 
 p. 662. — Bot. Mag. t. 4354. — Cape Palmas and Fernando 
 Po, Vogel ; Sierra Leone and Oware. — Ejusdem var. pu- 
 bescens. — C. hirsutum et C. simplex, G. Don,in Edinb. Phil. 
 Journ. 1824. p. 349. — Sierra Leone, Don, Miss Turner ; 
 Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 3. Clerodendron splendens, G. Don. — Schau. in DC. Prod. 11. 
 p. 662. — C. aurantium, G. Don, I. c. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 4. Clerodendron sinuatum, Hook. — Schau. in DC. Prod. 11. 
 p. 665. — Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 5. Clerodendron capitatum, Schum. et Thonn. — Hook. Bot. 
 Mag. t. 4355. — Cape Coast and Aguapim, Vogel; Sierra 
 Leone, Whitfield. 
 
 1. Vitex (Chrysomallum) chrysocarpa. Planch, in Herb. Hook. ; 
 foliolis 3-5 obovatis oblongisve supra glabris subtus ramulis 
 pctiolis inflorcscentiaque ferrugineo-tomentosis, cymis pedun- 
 culatis axillaribus, calyce fructifero brevissime pcdicellato late 
 cyathiformi, drupa dense tomentosa. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Tomentum breve. Foliolum intermediiim 2-4-pollicare, lateralia 
 minora, petiolo communi l|-2-pollicari. Flores desunt. 
 Fructus pedunculus petiolo paullo brevior, calyx amplus in 
 specimine fere destructus ; drupa magnitudine Nucis Avel- 
 lana cxtus dense aureo-tomentosa, putamine lignoso 4- 
 loculari. 
 
 3. Vitex sp. — Either a variety of V. cuneata, Schum. et Thonn., 
 or a species closely allied to it, but the specimen insufficient 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 487 
 
 to determine. — Sierra Leone, Don ; and apparently the same 
 species from Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 3. Vitex sp. — A single leaf, brought by a native from the River 
 Saun to Captain Trotter as the African Oak or Teak. 
 The wood, so well known in our Navy under the name of 
 African Oak or African Teak, is a remarkable instance of a 
 highly valuable and most extensively used timber, of which the 
 tree that supplies it is wholly unknown to science. Botanical 
 collectors have frequently made it the object of their researches 
 and inquiries ; but ,on the one hand, no botanist appears to have 
 actually visited the forests which furnish it ; and on the other, 
 the natives who have brought leaves as from the trees, either by 
 ignorance or carelessness, or more probably from ill-judged 
 interested motives, have evidently in most cases deceived us. 
 Thus we have heard that among various leaves brought to 
 Mr. Bro\vn, as found amongst the timber, the principal part 
 appeared to be those of a Laurinea. The plant, brought home 
 by the Earl of Derby's collector, and now in Kew Gardens, is 
 too young to determine, but looks more like a Sapotaceons 
 plant. The greater probability, however, is in favour of the 
 Vitex-looking leaf, given to Captain Trotter : it is perfectly 
 smooth, palmately compound, with six (probably seven, of 
 which one is lost) folioles, of which the longest are above 
 5 inches long, and much narrowed at both ends. With every 
 appearance of a Vitex, it is quite distinct from any described 
 species. 
 
 Besides the above, there is a Vilex ferruginea, Schum. et 
 
 Thonn., from Guinea, and a species apparently allied to it, 
 
 thoiigh distinct, in Heudelot^s Senegambian collection. 
 
 1. Avicennia Africana, Beauv. — Schau. in DC. Prod. W. p. 
 
 6G9. — Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, 
 
 Don ; Senegal to Benin. Probably not distinct from the 
 
 American A, nitida, Jacq. 
 
 LXXXIIL Labiate. 
 1. Ocymum canum, Sims. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 32. 
 
488 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Guinea, and all over Tropical 
 Africa and Asia, and even in some parts of South Ame- 
 rica. 
 
 2. Ocymum Basilicum, Linn. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 32. — 
 Sierra Leone and St. Thomas, Don; frequently sent from 
 Tropical and warm countries, but so generally cultivated that 
 it is difficult to say whether the African specimens are in- 
 digenous or not. 
 
 3. Ocymum viride, Willd. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 34. — 
 Sierra Leone and Fernando Po, Vogel; St. Thomas, Don; 
 Benin. 
 
 4. Ocymum tereticaule, Poir. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 41. 
 — Accra, Don ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 5. Ocymum sp. — A single specimen, not in a state to be de- 
 termined; Accra, Don. 
 
 The other West African species are 0. bracteoswn, Benth., 
 from Senegal; and O. membranaceum, Benth., and 0. ri- 
 gidum, Benth., from Angola. 
 
 1. Platostoma Africanum, Beauv. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. 
 p. 47. — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Benin. Ejusdem var. glabrior. 
 
 — Confluence of the Nigei', Vogel, Ansell ; Guinea and 
 
 Congo. 
 1. Moschos ma j5oZ?/5^ac%Mm, Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. jo. 48. — 
 
 Cape Coast, Vogel; common in Tropical Africa and East 
 
 India. 
 
 The M. dimidiatum, which I formerly described as distinct 
 from Thonning's specimen of his Ocymum dimidiatum, is pro- 
 bably a mere variety of M. polystachyum. 
 
 The Orthosiphon glabratus, Benth., an East Indian, Arabian 
 and ]\Iadagascar plant, is also found in Guinea. 
 1. Hoslundia opposita, Vahl. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 54. 
 
 — Cape Coast and Aguapim, Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 The H. verticillata, Vahl, is from Senegal, and, apparently 
 the same species was also found in Mozambique by Foi'bes. 
 1. Coleus? Africunus, Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 74.— Plec- 
 
 tranthus ? Palisoti, Benth. I. c. p. 69. — Grand Bassa and on 
 
 the Nun, Vogel; Sierra Leone and St. Thomas, Don; 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 489 
 
 Benin ; Bahia in Brazil, where however it is probably 
 
 introduced. 
 
 In luxuriant specimens the stems are two to three feet high, 
 the leaves as much as four inches long and three broad, and the 
 flowers numerous. All that I have seen are very badly dried, 
 but as far as they go, I feel now convinced that the two species 
 I had formerly distinguished were but forms of one, which 
 varies in the number of flowers in the cymes, and in the lower 
 lip of the calyx, entire or more or less toothed. I still, however, 
 find no flowers in a state to decide whether it be really a 
 Coleus or a Plectranthus. 
 1. Mo\?in.ih.\xs, puhescens, Benth. in DC. Prod, \2. p. 80. — On 
 
 the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel. 
 
 1. Hyptis brevipes, Poit. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 107. — 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 2. Hyptis atrorubens, Poit. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 108. 
 — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Both the above species, as well as H. pectinata, Poit., and 
 H. spicigera^ Lam.,* are American plants which have spread 
 into Tropical Africa and Asia : the only Hyptis hitherto indi- 
 cated as exclusively African is the H. lanceafolia, Schum. et 
 Thonn., from Guinea ; but that again may be a mere variety 
 of the common H. brevipes. 
 
 The Leonuriis Sibiricus, Linn., and Leucas Martinicensis, 
 Br., common Tropical plants, and both probably of Asiatic 
 origin, notwithstanding the specific name of the latter, are also 
 found in Senegal and Guinea. 
 1. Leonotis nepetafolia, Br. — Benth. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 335. 
 
 — Sierra Leone, Vogel. — A common Tropical species. 
 
 * I cannot subscribe to the statement in the Spicilegia Gorgonea, 
 (supra, p. 157), that the floral leaves in this species are at first ovate and 
 entire, and afterwards divided into three or four linear partitions, which 
 I am said to have mistaken for bracts. The ovate and entire floral leaves 
 are inserted on the main axis of the spike, and often fade and disappear 
 as the spike advances in age. The linear bracts are inserted in the 
 cymes themselves, at the basis of their branches, and may be seen at the 
 very earliest stage of inflorescence. 
 
490 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 2. Jjeonotis pallida, Benth. in DC. Prod. 13. p. 535. — Cape 
 Palmas, Voffel ; Senegal to Benin ; Nubia and Abyssinia. 
 
 LXXXIV. Plumbagine.e. 
 
 1. Plumbago Zeylanica, Linn. — Boiss. in DC. Prod. 12. p. 
 692. — Senegal to Benin and Fernando Po, Vogel, Don and 
 others : a common species in Tropical Asia and Africa. 
 
 LXXXV. PHYTOLACCEiE. 
 
 I find no specimens in the collections before me belonging 
 to this Order, but the following seven species are recorded as 
 having been found in West Tropical Africa : Mohlana Gui- 
 neensis, Moq., from Guinea ; Semonvillea pterocarpa, Gay, 
 Senegal ; Limeum viscosum, Fenzl, Senegal, Nubia and South 
 Africa ; L. linifolium, Fenzl, Senegal and South Africa ; Gisekia 
 linearifolia, Schum. et Thonn., Guinea ; G. pharnaceoides, 
 Linn., Senegal and Guinea, and over nearly all Africa and East 
 India, and G. congesta, Moq., from Senegal. 
 
 LXXXVI. Chenopodie^.* 
 
 1. Chenopodium album, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 2. IS. p. 70. 
 
 — St. Thomas, Do7i. 
 
 This is stated by Don to be a shrub 10 feet high ; but it is a 
 very common mistake among collectors to describe hard- 
 stemmed, tall-growing annuals as shrubs ; and in every other 
 respect the specimens agree perfectly with the universally dif- 
 fused C. album. 
 
 2. Chenopodium ambrosioides, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 
 2. p. 70.— St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 This is another weed diffused over a great portion of the 
 globe, as well as C. murale, Linn., which is also found in 
 Senegal. 
 
 * We know of no adequate reason for changing the name of this 
 Order to that of Salsolace^, as now first projiosed by Moquin. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 491 
 
 The remaining Chenopodieoe, quoted as West Tropical African, 
 are, Arthrocnemum fruticosum, Moq., from Senegal, a Euro- 
 pean and African plant, which has found its way to Timor and 
 California ; A. Indicum, ]\loq., from Senegal, an Egyptian and 
 East Indian species ; and Suada Jrulicosa, Forsk., also from 
 Senegal, a South European and North African plant, seen 
 occasionally in the American colonies. 
 
 LXXXVII. Amarantace.e. 
 
 1. Celosia (Lestibudesia) leptostachya, Benth. ; caule herbaceo 
 (diffuse ?) glabro, foliis petiolatis ovatis acutiusculis glabris, 
 spicis elongatis gracilibus interruptis, floribus per 3-5 glome- 
 ratis trigynis, sepalis vix acutiusculis uninervibus, u^triculis 
 ovoideo-globosis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Caules parum ramosi, tenues, 2-3-pedales, internodiis elongatis. 
 Folia 1-2-pollicaria, nunc acute acuminata, nunc fere obtusa, 
 basi angustata rotundata v. etiam sub cor data, tenuiter mem- 
 branacea. Spicce demum semipedales et longiores, glomerulis 
 inferioribus valde remotis. Flores parvi, siccitate pallide 
 brunnei. Stylus apice in ramos stigmatiferos ssepius (an 
 constanter ?) 3-divisus. Utriculus viridis, calyce dimidio 
 longior. Semina pauca (8-10). 
 
 2. Celosia trigyna, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 241. 
 var. parviflora, Fernando Po, Vogel; — var. fasciculiflora, 
 Moq., Accra, Don, Ansell ; on the Quorra, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 3. Celosia laa^a, Schum. et Thonn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13, 2. 
 p. 241. — Accra, Grand Bassa, and Fernando Po, Vogel; 
 
 Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 These specimens agree w^ell with Thonning^s description, and 
 some of them are from the locality where he says the C. laxa 
 is common. They differ chiefly from C. trigyna, in the size of 
 the flowers, the calj^ being nearly two lines long, and about 
 twice the length of the bracts. The Senegambian specimen is, 
 however, marked by Moquin, C. trigyna, var, densiflora. 
 
 4. Celosia argentea, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 242. 
 
492 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 — Accra, and on the Quorra, Vogel; St. Thomas, Don; East 
 Africa and East India. 
 
 1. Amarantus paniculatus, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 p. 257. — On the Quorra, Vogel. — A common East Indian 
 species, to whicli belongs the variety cultivated there for the 
 grain, originally named by Roxburgh A.farinaceus, though 
 afterwards published by him as A. frumentaceits. 
 
 2. Amarantus spinosus, Linn. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 p. 260. — Sierra Leone and Fernando Po, about dwellings 
 and cultivated places ; Senegal and Tropical and warmer 
 regions of both hemispheres. 
 
 Another common Tropical weed, Amblogyne polygonoides, 
 Raf., is also found in Senegal. 
 
 1. Euxolus polyyamus, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 272. — 
 Accra, Vogel ; Senegal, Eastern Africa and East India. 
 
 2. Euxolus viridis, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 273. — On the 
 Nun, Vogel i common over a great portion of the globe. 
 The Euxolus caudatus, Moq., fi-equent throughout the 
 
 Tropics, is found in Senegal and Sierra Leone ; and two other 
 common African and East Indian plants, JEi'ua Javanica, Juss., 
 and ^. brachiata, Mart., are also in Senegal. 
 
 1. Achyranthes involucruta, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 310. — 
 On the Quorra, at Stirling and Pandiaki, Vogel, Ansell. 
 
 2. Achyranthes (Pandiaka) angustifolia, Benth. ; caule her- 
 baceo elongato subramoso apprcsse pubcscente, foliis lincari- 
 sublanceolatis strigoso-])ubescentibus viridibus subtus pallidis, 
 capitulis ovatis oblongisve obtusis, floribus albidis, sepalis 
 bracteas laterales suba^quantibus enervibus dorso dense pi- 
 losis. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Pluribus notis cum descriptione A. Heudelotii convenit. Herba 
 videtur annua, ejusdem staturse. Folia longiora et angus- 
 tiora. Capitula ejusdem forma et magnitudiue, intra folia 
 2-2i-pollicaria sessilia. Bractece alb^, nitidulse, aristato- 
 mucronatse, infima glabra, laterales ad costam dorsalem longe 
 ciliatse. Sepala in mucronem rigidum producta, quam arista 
 bractearum breviora (bracteam ipsam arista neglecta supe- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 493 
 
 rantia), dorso dense obtecta pilis longis, cartilaginea, albida 
 V. subvirentia. Filamenta baud ciliata, staminodiis quam 
 filameuta multo brevioribus, plano-depressis, quadratis, ad 
 augulos in appendiculos breves obtusas productis. Anther (B 
 oblongse. 
 
 The A. Heudelotii, Moq., from Senegal^ and A. nodosa, Vabl, 
 gathered by Isert at Whydah, in Guinea, belong to the same 
 section. Of the section Cadelari there are two species in 
 Senegal, the A. aspera, Linn., a common African and East 
 Indian plant, and A. argentea, Lam., a North African and 
 South European species. The Centrostachys aquaiica. Wall., 
 an East Indian plant, is also in Senegambia. 
 1. CyathulsL prostrata, Bl—Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 326. 
 — Achyranthes Thonningii, Schum. Beskr. p. 139. — Sierra 
 Leone to Fernando Po, Vogel, Don and others. A common 
 Tropical African and East Indian plant, found also in Tro- 
 pical America. 
 
 I am disposed to agree with Vogel in considering this as the A. 
 Thonningii of Schumacher, although Thonniug omits all mention 
 of the staminodia, on which account Moquin enumerates his plant 
 among doubtful Pupaliee. In all other respects our specimens, 
 which undoubtedly belong to the common C. prostrata, agree 
 perfectly with Thonning's description, in which, moreover, the 
 stamens are not expressly said to be without staminodia. 
 
 In the generic characters assigned to this and allied genera, 
 there appears to be a slight inaccuracy in the expression " Flores 
 subternati, intermedins fertilis, laterales steriles demum in 
 aristas uncinatas (glochides) mutati." Whereas, in Cyathida 
 prostrata, the total number of glochides is usually from 14 to 
 20 on each side of the fertile flower, the number of flowers, 
 perfect or rudimentary, forming the fascicle, is at least seven ; 
 the central one is perfect and fertile ; the next in order, one on 
 each side, are sometimes complete in their parts, although 
 sterile, sometimes more or less reduced, occasionally with the 
 sexual organs rudimentary or obsolete, and the sepals reduced 
 to two or three glochides ; the remaining four flowers, one on 
 each side of each of these lateral flowers, are without sexual 
 
494 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 organs, with all their sepals, as well as the bract, reduced to 
 glochides. In the luxuriant West African specimens, most of 
 the fascicles consist of one perfect fertile flower, two perfect 
 sterile ones, and four reduced to glochides, and this is the state 
 described by Thonning. In the East Indian specimens', all the 
 lateral flowers are usually reduced to glochides, with the ex- 
 ception of two or three sepals, and occasionally a small ovary 
 and androecium in the centre. But I have observed all these 
 states in difi"ereut parts of one spike. The South i\.frican Cyathula 
 cylindrica affords a very good example of many-flowered 
 fascicles, with a number of sterile flowers in diff"erent degrees of 
 abortion. 
 2. Cyathula ^emma^a, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13.2. jo. 330? — 
 
 Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Near C. prostraia, but the spikes are shorter and more dense, 
 and the flowers nearly as large as in Achyranthes aspera, the 
 sepals being from 1^ to 1| lines long. The fascicles usually 
 consist of one perfect and fertile flower, a sterile one (on one 
 side of it), more or less complete in its parts, with a rudimentary 
 one on each side, reduced each to two or three glochides ; on the 
 other side of the fertile flower are usually two or three glochides 
 only. The staminodia are rather more conspicuous than in C. pros- 
 traia. The lateral spikes are occasionally unequal, one being 
 nearly sessile, the other on a longish stalk, as described by 
 Thonning ; but more frequently they are equal, and both nearly 
 sessile. In other respects his description agrees. 
 1. Pupalia lappacea, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 331. — Cape 
 
 Coast, Vogel ; Senegal, Nubia, Abyssinia, and East India. 
 
 The P. atropurpurea, ]\Ioq., extends likewise from Senegal 
 and Guinea over East Africa and East India. 
 1. Iresine (Philoxcrus) vermicularis, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 
 p. 339. — Sands of the sea-shore, from Senegal to Benin, 
 
 Vogel, Don and others ; also in Tropical America. 
 
 The /. aggregata, Moq., from the same localities, does not 
 appear to have any character to distinguish it, the breadth and 
 thickness of the leaves being very variable. 
 1. Alternanthera nodiflora, Br. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 495 
 
 p. 356. — Cape Coast, Vogel; Senegal, Nubia, Abyssinia and 
 
 East India. 
 2. Alternanthera sessUis, Br. — Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 
 p. 357. — Cape Palmas, Aboli and Fernando Po, Vogel; 
 
 Sierra Leone, Don; over a great portion of Africa, Asia, 
 
 America and Australia. 
 
 The A. deniiculata, Br., from the same localities, is probably 
 a mere variety of A. sessilis. The Illecehrum obliquum, Schum. 
 et Thonn., from Guinea, would appear from Thonniug^s descrip- 
 tion to be the Alternanthera Achyrantha, an American species, 
 which has spread to the Canary Islands and to some parts of 
 Europe. 
 1. Telanthera maritima, Moq. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 364. — 
 
 On the sands of the sea-coast, from Senegal to Benin, Vogel, 
 
 Don and others ; eastern sea-coast of Tropical America. 
 
 LXXXVIII. Nyctagine^. 
 
 1. Boerhaavia ascendens, Willd. — Chois. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 p. 451. — On the Quorra, Vogel (both the smooth and the 
 hirsute forms) ; St. Thomas, Don ; an African species. 
 
 2. Boerhaavia paniculata, Rich. — Chois in DC. Prod. 13. 2. 
 p. 450. — On the Quorra, at Stirling, Vogel, Ansell; a species 
 chiefly from Tropical America. 
 
 This genus, so unattractive to the botanist in a dry state, 
 notwithstanding the elegance of some of the species when fresh, 
 had been in a lamentable state of confusion, till recently worked 
 up with great care by Choisy, in the last part of the Prodromus. 
 His characters derived from the fruit are excellent, although 
 some of the species may not be so strictly geographical as he 
 supposes. Our specimens of B. paniculata agree precisely with 
 the generality of what we have seen from America, although 
 some of those included under the name by Choisy (as, for 
 instance, Gardner's n. 2292, from Brazil), have the fruit not 
 rounded at the extremity, but truncate, with the ends of the 
 ribs slightly prominent. 
 
 The Boerhaavia verticillata, Poir. and B. dichotoma, Vahl, 
 
496 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 both of them Nubian and Abyssinian species, are also quoted 
 from Senegal. Vogel has also in his collection a specimen of 
 Mirabilis Jalapa, Linn., from Sierra Leone, but probably from 
 some garden there. 
 
 LXXXIX. PoLYGONACEiE.* 
 
 1. Polygonum Senegalense, Meisn. Monogr. Polyg. p. 54. — 
 
 St. Thomas, Don; Senegal. 
 
 This species has, at first sight, much the appearance of the 
 Asiatic P. glabrum and the American P. acuminatum, but the 
 cotyledons are certainly incumbent, not accumbent, besides 
 some slight differences in other points. The leaves are remark- 
 able for their very long points. The ochrese have occasionally a 
 few very small cilise on their edge. 
 
 The only other West Tropical African Polygonaceous plant 
 known, is the Polygonum exiguum, Meisn., from Senegal. 
 
 XC. THYMELEiE. 
 
 DiCRANOLEPis, Planch, (gen. nov.) 
 
 Flares hermaphroditi. Perianthium hypocrateriforme, tubo 
 longo, limbo 5-partito, laciniis oblongis, sestivatione imbri- 
 catis. Squamae 5, petaliformes, fauci insertfe, laciniis pe- 
 rianthii oppositse, profunde bifidse. Stamina 10, fauci inserta, 
 5 longiora, squamis opposita; filamcnta brevia, filiformia; 
 anthcrte lineari-oblougfe, basitixre, loculis conncctivo aduatis, 
 rima introrsa dehiscentibus. Discus cupuliformi-tubulosus 
 ovarii stipitem includens, apice leviter 5-lobus. Ovarium 
 
 * In this and several of the following Orders, which the Prodromus 
 has not yet reached, and which have not been the subject of any recent 
 monograph, the geographical indications are necessarily very imperfect, 
 and I have been obliged to leave many more species either doubtful or 
 in genera to which they may not properly belong ; neither time nor 
 space admitting of the monographical labour which has been bestowed 
 on the preceding Orders by the authors of the corresponding portions of 
 the Prodromus. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 497 
 
 brevi-stipitatiim, hinc gibbosum, uailoculare, ovulo unico ex 
 apice lociili pendulo. Stylus filiformis, in stigma lineari- 
 clavatum desinens. Driqja ? exsucca^ brevistipitata, meso- 
 carpio e filamentis niteatibus contexto. Semen suspensum, 
 globosum, anatropimi, integumento membranaceo ; embryonis 
 recti cotyledones hemisphsericse carnosse, radicula semi-exserta 
 niinutissima. (Planchon). 
 
 1. Dicranolepis disticha, Planch, in Hook. Ic. t. 798. (Tab. 
 XL VIII). — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Frutex^ ramnlis teuuibus virgatis foliisqiie distichis, gemmis 
 ramulis novellis petiolis perianthiisque extus pilis adpressis v. 
 patentibus subsericeis v. hispidulis. Folia crebra, alterna, 
 oblique subtrapezoidea-lanceolata, cuspidata, integerrima, 
 brevissime petiolata, 1-1^-pollicaria, rigide membranacea, 
 nervis lateralibus tenuibus sat crebris, glabra^ nitida, supra in 
 sicco Isete viridia, subtus viridi-flavescentia. Stipulce nullse. 
 Flares axillares, solitarii, subsessiles, folio non multo breviores. 
 Fructus mole seminis Coryli Avellana, prseter styli basin 
 persistentem mamilliformem pilosulum glaberrimus. {Plan- 
 chon). 
 
 Plate XL VIII. Fig. 1. flower;/. 2. stamen ;/. 3. pistillum 
 with the disk sheathing its base ; /. 4. ovary and sheath, 
 vertical section; /. 5. fruit;/. 6. seed: — all, hit the fruit, 
 more or less magnified. 
 
 XCI. Laurine^. 
 
 1. Cassyta Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 199. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Grand Bassa, on the Nun and the 
 Quorra, Vogel ; Guinea. 
 
 This species has been accidentally overlooked by Nees in his 
 elaborate monograph. It appears scarcely distinguishable 
 either from the common Brazilian and Guiana species, well 
 described by Nees as C. Brasiliensis, Mart., or from the South 
 African specimens distributed by Drege as C. jmbescens, Br. ; 
 but it does not quite agree with Brown's short character of his 
 South-east Australian C. pubescens, nor yet with Schlechten- 
 
 K K 
 
498 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 dahPs C. pubescens, from South-west Australia. Brown him- 
 self, however^ observes that the Congo species can scarcely be 
 distinguished either from the West Indian one or from his own 
 C pubescens. The stems of the West African plant are some- 
 times thickly pubescent, sometimes nearly smooth, the flowers 
 visually distinct and rather distant, occupying the upper half of 
 the peduncle, and agreeing in structure with those of the Bra- 
 zilian plant. 
 
 No species of true Laurinece has been hitherto recorded from 
 West Tropical Africa; nor have I seen any specimen from 
 thence, excepting one in leaf only of the Cinnamon {Cinnamo- 
 mum Zeylanicum), in Don^s collection, from St. Thomas. But 
 this is evidently a cultivated plant, as is also a specimen, in 
 leaf only, in the same collection, of Myristica sebifera, Sw., 
 no species being known from this region of the Order of 
 MyristicecB. 
 
 XCII. EuPHORBIACEiE. 
 
 1. Euphorbia prostrata, Ait. — Willd. Spec. 2. p. 895. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don, Vogel; Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, Vogel ; 
 also West Indies and South America. 
 
 This may be the Guinea plant referred to E. Chamcesyce by 
 Schumacher and Thonning, and is certainly very near that 
 species. The leaves are, however, more oblique, the flowers 
 very much smaller, and usually two or more together in each 
 axilla, although often, in reality, solitary in the axillae of very 
 much reduced floral leaves, on axillary flowering branches 
 much shorter than the subtending leaf. The capsule is much 
 smaller than in E. Chamcesyce, always ciliate on the dorsal ribs, 
 and generally without hairs on the sides of the carpels. The 
 African specimens precisely correspond with the South American 
 ones. 
 
 The E. scordifolia, Jacq., to which Planchon refers E. tomen- 
 tosa, Poit., extends from Senegal to Nubia and Arabia. 
 
 2. Euphorbia ti'inervia, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 253. — 
 E. glaucophylla, Sieb. PI. Seneg. Exs., nan Pers. — Common 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 499 
 
 on the sandy shores from Senegal to Benin, Don, Vogel and 
 others ; and extending south of the Line, Curror. 
 The leaves are more frequently blunt than pointed : in every 
 other respect, Thonning^s description is very accurate. 
 
 3. Euphorbia (Anisophyllum) convolvuloides, Hochst. in Kotsch. 
 PL Nub. Exs. n. 242 ; herbacea, stipulata, prostrata, ramis 
 villosis, foliis oppositis sessilibus ovatis oblongisve basi valde 
 obliquis crassiusculis supra viridibus parcc pilosis subtus 
 appresse tomentosis, floribus in capitula axillaria sessilia 
 nunc in ramulos breves foliatos abeuntia confertis, involucri 
 dentibus exterioribus orbiculato-reniformibus parvis, capsula 
 dense tomentosa, seminibus subtetragonis transverse rugosis. 
 — On the Quorra, at Attah, Vogel; at the Confluence, 
 Ansell. 
 
 Habitu E. piluliferce accedit, foliorum consistentia et indumento 
 facile distincta. Folia ^-1 poll, longa, 3-4 lin. lata, margine 
 interdum obscure deuticulata, basi valde insequalia et oblique 
 truncata v. subcordata ; pagina sviperior oculo nudo glabra 
 videtur, sub lente pili appressi sparsi apparent, pagina in- 
 ferior tomento arete appresso canescit v. rubescit. Flores 
 nunc in capitulum densum subaphyllum dispositi, nunc ad 
 axillas foliorum plus minus evolutorum sessiles, spicas for- 
 mant unilaterales foliatas ad axillam folii majoris. Involucra 
 semilineam longa, dense tomentosa, dentibus exterioribus 
 nunc fere obsoletis v. quam glandulse interiores brevioribus, 
 nunc eas duplo triplove superantibus subpetaloideis albis v. 
 rubentibus. Capsula quam in E. Chatnasyce paullo major, 
 obtusangula, tomento albido v. rubescente dense vestita. 
 I am not aware that Hochstetter's name has been otherwise 
 published than on Kotschy's labels. In order, however, to 
 avoid confusion, I adopt it ; although the fancied resemblance to 
 a Convolvulus does not strike me. In Ansell's specimens the 
 flowers are all capitate ; in Kotschy's they are arranged in leafy, 
 axillary spikes ; in VogeFs, both inflorescences may be seen on 
 the same stem. 
 
 4. Euphorbia pilulifera, Linn. — E. purpurascens, Schum. et 
 
 K K 2 
 
500 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 253. — Senegal to Benin, and over most 
 Tropical regions. 
 5. Euphorbia hypericifolia, Liuu. — E. glaucophylla, Poir. Diet. 
 Suppl. 2. p. 613 ? — Cape Palmas, Ansell ; St. Thomas, 
 Don ; a species nearly as common as the last, in Ti'opical 
 countries. 
 
 Two other species of Euphorbia from Guinea, JL. lateriflora 
 and E. drupifera, are published by Schumacher and Thonuing ; 
 and two are quoted from Sierra Leone, E. toxicaria, Afz., and 
 E. grandifolia, Haw. One or two of the above may be that 
 alluded to by Brown, as being frequently planted over graves 
 by the natives. 
 
 The Anthostema, of Jussieu, is only known from Senegal; 
 unless it be the same as the new Congo genus alluded to by 
 Brown, as explaining the structure of Euphorbia. 
 1 . Dalechampia ipomoeaefolia, Benth. ; foliis cordatis integris 
 trilobisve membranaceis subtus ad costas petiolis caulibusque 
 pilosulis, stipulis lineari-lanceolatis, involucri foliolis inte- 
 gris acuminatis subglabris, stylis apice clavatis. — On the 
 Quorra, Vogel. 
 Caules scandentes, striatuli, pilis brevibus mollibus plus minus 
 vestiti. Stipules angustse, fere semipollicares. Petioli 1-2- 
 pollicares, prsesertim apice hirsuti. Folia 2i-3| poll, longa, 
 2-21 poll, lata, apice acuminata, margine irregulariter sinuato- 
 dentata, basi auriculis rotundatis cordata, prseter venas fere 
 glabra, ad pctiolum 5-nervia et in pagina supei'iore glandulis 
 2 linearibus nmnita, pleraque iudivisa, nonnulla irregulariter 
 triloba. Pedunculi graciles, folio paullo breviores. Involucri 
 foliola membranacea, non colorata, late cordato-ovata, venis 
 vix prominulis, basi bistipulata. Flores in capitulo unico 
 juniore vix aperti nee rite examinare potui ; stamina tamen et 
 styli omnino Dalechampia vidi. 
 
 In the form of the leaves this plant approaches the D. hetero- 
 phylla, Poir., from Guiana ; but independently of some diffe- 
 rences in the flowers, which I was unable very accurately to 
 ascertain, the want of the thick, whitish down on the leaves and 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 501 
 
 stems, and of the remarka})ly prominent ribs on the involucre of 
 
 D. heterophijlla, will at once distinguish our plant. 
 
 The D. Senegalensis, A. Juss., (supra p. 174) is probably, 
 
 from its name^ a Senegalese as well as a Cape Verd plant. 
 
 1. Stillingia Guineensis, Benth. ; fohis ovali-oblongis ellipticisve 
 acuminatis integerrimis paucidentatisque basi rotundatis an- 
 gustatisve, spicis subsimplicibus, floribus masculis plerisque 
 solitariis trifidis triandris. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Frutex videtur glaberrimus, ramulis novellis angulato-compres- 
 sis demum teretibus. Folia breviter petiolata, forma et mag- 
 nitudine varia, nunc bipollicaria basi rotundata, nunc semi- 
 pedalia, basi longe angustata, pleraque dentibus paucis obtu- 
 sis pr?esertim apicem versus notata, basi supra petiolum 1-2- 
 glandulosa. Sti^mlo) minutse v. obsolet?e. GemmcB axillares 
 V. supra-axillares constantes e squamellis pluribus, secus 
 caulem linea verticali suprapositis, acuminatis et spiraliter 
 tortis. Spicce terminales, solitarise v. geminse, simplices 
 (v. basi ramosse ?), 1-2-pollicares. Bracte<B ovatse, acuminatJB, 
 denticulate, basi utrinque glandula peltata stipulatse, infe- 
 riores paucse foeminese 1-1^ lin. longpe, superiores plurimse 
 masculge h, lin. longae. Flores intra bracteas solitarii (v. 
 mares rarissime gemini ?), pedicello brevi apice incrassato, 
 calyce fere tripartito, laciniis ovatis acuminatis, sestivatione 
 leviter imbricatis. Glandulm intra flores nu^llse. Stamina 
 fl. masc. 3 v. rarissime 2, filamentis calyce duplo longioribus 
 ima basi subconnatis. Ovarium floris foeminei mari majoris 
 sessile, glabrum, calycem sequans. Styli 3, longiusculi, revo- 
 luti, basi incrassati, et facie interiore undique stigmatosi. 
 Fructus nonnisi reliquios vidi, quorum axis 4 lin. longa est, 
 stipite 1 lin. longo fulta. 
 
 1. Mici-ostachys chamelaa, A. Juss. — Tragia chamelrea, Linn. 
 — Accra, and on the Quorra at Attah, Vogel ; at the Con- 
 fluence, Ansell; a common East Indian plant. 
 
 1. Tragia cordifolia, Vahl, Symb. 1.^.67? — Cape Coast and 
 Fernando Po, Vogel ; an Egyptian species. 
 
 Caulis volubilis. Folia longe petiolata, sinu late cordata, acu- 
 minata, serrata, 2-3-pollicaria, membranacea, supra minute 
 
502 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 strigillosa, subtus pallida, ad venas uti petioli pedunculi et 
 ramuli juniores pilis (ex Vog. valde ureutibus) hispida. 
 Stipuke parvfe. Racemi axillares v. terminales, 1-1^-polli- 
 cares. Bractea linearcs, pedicellos masculos sequantes v. 
 superantes. Flores superiores masculi parvi, solitarii' v. ge- 
 mini, pediccllo | liu. longo basi bracteolato fulti. Calyx 
 tripartitus, restivatione valvata. Stamina 3. Flores fceminei 
 in parte inferiore racemi subsessiles. Calycis lacinise 6 (an 
 interdum 5 ?), 2-3 lin. longse, profunda pinnatifidse, sub 
 fructu stellato-patentes, uti capsulse setis ureutibus horridse. 
 Stylus apice trilidus. 
 
 2. Tragia tenuifolia, Benth. ; volubilis, foliis petiolatis cordato- 
 oblongis acuminatis membranaceis, supra sparse subtus densius 
 piloso-pubcscentibus, bracteis lato-ovatis, lloris foeminei ea- 
 lyce 6-partito laciniis cuneatis hirsutissimis integris subden- 
 tatisquc. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Habitus T. cordifolice. Folia tcnuiora, sinu angusto cordata, 
 pilis utriusque paginse crcbrioribus scd multo minus rigidis, 
 pagina inferior pallida interdum fere tomentosa. Racemi 
 breves, longiuscule pedunculati. Floris masculi bracteee con- 
 cavse, acuminata^, \ lin, long?e ; calycis lacinise crassiusculas. 
 Floris foiminei bractea lata et ssepe 2-3-loba, bracteolse 2 
 ovato-oblongfc ; calycis lacinise sub fructu fere 2 lin. longse, 
 omnes hispidse, minus tamen quam in T. cordifolia, 3 paullo 
 majores ssepe hinc inde dentatae, omnes basi in stipitem bre- 
 vissimum contractse. Capsula hispida. 
 
 3. Tragia sphathulata, Benth. ; volubilis, foliis petiolatis cor- 
 datis acuminatis membranaceis supra pilosis subtus pube- 
 scentibus, bracteis oblongis linearibusve, floris foeminei calyce 
 6-partito laciniis integris stipulatis late spathulatis hirsutis. — 
 Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Affinis T. tenuifolice. Folia latiora videntur, bractese angus- 
 tiores longiores, ct species facillime distinguitur laciniis caly- 
 cinis floris foeminei quae basi abrupte contracts sunt in stipi- 
 tem distinctam sub fructu lineam longam, dum lamina ipsa 
 2 lin. longa est et lata. 
 
 4. Tragia angustifolia, Benth. ; volubilis, foliis brcviter petio- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 503 
 
 latis louge cordato-lanceolatis puberulis v. subtus ad venas 
 hispidis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis, floris foeminei calyce tri- 
 partite, laciniis latis profunde palmato-pinnatifidis. — On the 
 Quorra at Addaenda, Vogel. 
 Indumentum fere T. cordifoliae, sed setse pauciores. Petioli 
 raro pollicem longi, ssepius multo breviores. Folia pleraque 
 3-4 poll, longa, ^-1 poU. lata, nonnulla fere semipedalia, con- 
 sistentia prsecedentibus firmiora. Racemi breviter peduncu- 
 lati, densiflori. Bradecs serrato-ciliolataj, foeminese more 
 affinium ternse, exteriore latiore. Calycis lacinije constanter 
 3, sessiles, fere ad basin divisse in lacinias 11-15 lineares 
 quasi digitatim dispositas, per antbesin 1^ lin. longse et latse, 
 sub fructu hispido stellatim patentes, 3-4 lin. longse et fere 
 5 lin. latse, laciniis dense setosis. 
 
 The T. pedunculata, Pal. Beauv, Fl. Ow. et Ben. t. 54, if 
 correctly represented, is different from all the above in inflores- 
 cence. The T. monadelpha, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, 
 would appear from the description, as suggested by Schumacher, 
 not to be a congener. 
 
 MicRococcA. (gen. nov.) e tribu Acalyphearum. 
 
 Flores monoici. Masculi : Calyx tripartitus, laciniis sestivatione 
 valvatis. Stamina 6, filamentis liberis receptaculo insertis 
 cum pilorum fascicuKs (sen squamellis plumosis?) inter- 
 mixtis ; antherarum loculis ovoideo-globosis erectis discretis. 
 FL foeminei: Calyx maris (semel vidi abnorme 4-partitum). 
 Squama 3, lineares, e receptaculo ortse, ovario appressse. 
 Ovarium subtrilobum, triloculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis 
 lateraliter affixis. Stigmata 3, sessilia, plumoso-ramosa. 
 Fructus (ssepius hispidus) tricoccus, coccis bivalvibus, — 
 Herba annua, Indica v. Africana, foliis alternis, stipulis incou- 
 spicuis. Flores parvi in racemos filiformes disjjositi ad 
 axillas bracteariim fasciculati ; foeminei intra quemquam 
 bracteam solitarii, longiuscule pedicellati, masculi ex eadem 
 bractea pauci pedicellis brevissimis. 
 
 1. M. mercurialis, Benth. — Tragia mercurialis, Linn. — On the 
 
504 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Quorra, at Patteh and Stirling, Vogel ; common in East 
 
 India. 
 
 The African specimens have not the young shoots and cap- 
 sules so hispid as the East Indian, but they otherwise do not 
 differ. Adrien dc Jussieu, Euph, Tent. p. 46, suggested the 
 removal of this plant from Tragia, and its approximation to 
 Acalyjoha, of which it has the styles, but not the stamens. It 
 appears to nie necessary to consider it as a distinct genus, 
 allied on the one hand to Acalypha, and on the other, and 
 perhaps more closely, to Merairialis and Adenocline. 
 
 An alternate-leaved, tricoccous species of Mercuriab's, from 
 Senegal, is refen-ed to by A. de Jussieu, but not having seen 
 the specimen, I cannot tell whether it belongs to that genus as 
 now moditied, or to Adenocline, of Turczaninow. 
 
 1. Acalypha Indica, Linn. — On the Quorra, at the Confluence, 
 Ansell; Nubia, Abyssinia, and all over East India. 
 
 These specimens approach nearly that state of the plant to 
 which Hochstetter has given the name of A. abortiva, on 
 Kotschy's Nubian tickets. The male part of the spike is very 
 short, and often bears one or more ebracteate female flowers, 
 which are usually reduced to a single carpel, and produce small, 
 globose, echinate, monospermous fruits. 
 
 2. Acalypha ciliata, Eorsk., Fl. yEg. Arab. p. 162. — Vahl, 
 Symb. \.p. 77. t. 20.— Wight in Ann. Nat. Hist. 2. /. 5.— 
 A. fimbriata, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 409. — Hochst. in 
 Kotsch. PL Nnb. ecis. — On the Quorra, at Patteh, and on 
 the Nun, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don ; Nubia, Arabia, and 
 East India. 
 
 3. Acalypha Leonensis, Benth. ; fruticosa, foliis oblongis bre- 
 viter et obtuse acuminatis subdeutatis basi longe angustatis 
 glabris v. subtus ad costas puberulis, spicis axillaribus gra- 
 ciUbus androgynis, bracteis parvis integris inferioribus mas- 
 culis superioribus androgynis v. summis fcemineis. — Sierra 
 Leone, Vogel, Don ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Rumuli novelli angulati, minvite tomentelli, demum subteretes, 
 glabrati. Folia in summitatibus conferta, a 5-6 poll, usque 
 ad 9-10 poll, longa, 2-3 poll, lata, acumine lato sacpe emar- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 505 
 
 ginatOj deutibus paucis obtusis nonnunquam obscure glandu- 
 losis V. minute peuicilliferisj rigide cliartacea, basi supra glan- 
 dulis paucis vix elevatis instructa, petiolo ^-1-pollicari sus- 
 tensa. Spicce numerosje, in axillis superioribus geminse 
 ternse v. interdum plurimse^ foliis paullo breviores, canescenti- 
 tomentellse, interrupte multiflorse. Bractea vix semilineam 
 longse^ latse, concavse, tomentosse. Flores ad bracteas infe- 
 riores omnes masculi, 6-10 v. nuinerosiores ; in media spica 
 bracteae florem foemineum unicum fovent cum masculis paucis, 
 in summa spica flores foeminei saepe solitarii sunt. Calyx 
 marium 4-partitus, staminibus circa 20, antheris omnino 
 generis, loculis ad apices connectivi ramorum disjunctis. 
 Flos foemineus ante anthesin bractearum paribus duobus invo- 
 lutus ; calyx profunde trifidus, lobis ovario brevioribus obtusis 
 V. retusis ciliatis. Ovarium superne hispidum, stylis omnino 
 generis. 
 This is, if I rightly understand an abbreviation on VogeFs 
 
 label, a climbing shrub. It is very different in appearance from 
 
 the more common Acalypha ; but, amidst all the variations of 
 
 habit and inflorescence, the genus is one of the most distinctly 
 
 characterized by the anthers and the styles. 
 
 4. Acalypha micrantJia, Benth. ; fruticosa, foliis obovali-oblon- 
 gis vLx obtuse acuminatis integerrimis v. rarissime dentatis 
 glabris, spicis axillaribus gracillimis androgynis, bracteis 
 minimis integris, inferioribus masculis superioribus andro- 
 gynis. — Sierra Leone and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Very near to the preceding, A. Leonensis, but smoother, the 
 
 leaves shorter, broader, whitish and almost shining on the under 
 
 side, the spikes more slender, and the bracts and flowers still 
 
 smaller. 
 
 The A. dentata, Schum, et Thonn., a shrubby species from 
 
 Guinea, appears, from the description, to be different from either 
 
 of the above. 
 
506 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Erythrococca (gen. nov.) c tribu Acalyphearum. 
 
 Flores dioici. Masculi in axillis fasciculato-racemosi. Cahjx 
 profunde trifidus, pestivatione valvata. Petala nulla. Sta- 
 mina 6, filameutis basi in annulum connatis brevibus, an- 
 theris erectis, locuHs contiguis subdistinctis. Flores foeminei 
 in axillis fasciculati vix raceraosi. Calyx maris. Ovarium 
 sessile, biloculare, loculis uniovulatis, stylis 2 recurvis a basi 
 plumoso-ramosis. Fructus (drupaceus ?) abortn unilocularis, 
 monospermus, globosus. 
 
 1. Erythrococca aculeata, Benth. — Adelia anomala, Poir. Diet. 
 Suppl. 1. p. 132. — " Claoxylo affinior quara Jdelice," A. 
 Juss. Euph. Tent. p. 32. — Sierra Leone, Vogel ; Senegambia, 
 Heudelot. 
 
 Frutex parvulus, glaber. Aculei stipulares conici, incurvi. Folia 
 alterna, 1-2-pollicaria, breviter petiolata, ovata, crenulata v. 
 integra. Racemi masculi nunc brevissimi, nunc 4-5 lin. 
 longij floribus fasciculatis pedicellatis minutis. Flores fcemi- 
 nei in axillis pauci, pedicellati. Fructus magnitudine grani 
 piperis, indeliiscens videtur pericarpio tenuiter carnoso, endo- 
 carpio crustaceo ; in vivo ex Vog. intense coccineus est. 
 
 1. Claoxylon cordifoliwn, Benth. ; dioicum, foliis suboppositis 
 petiolatis ovatis marium cordatis novellis inflorescentiaque 
 lepidoto-tomentellis demum glabratis, racemis axillaribus 
 simplicibus, floribus masculis 4-partitis, foemineis tripartitis 
 inappendiculatis. — Cape Coast, Accra, on the Quorra, and at 
 Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex orgyalis, ramulis elongatis ad nodos compressis, partibus 
 novellis tomento tenui lepidoto mox cvanido canescentibus. 
 Folia fere omnia opposita, longe petiolata, cujusve paris in- 
 sequalia, majora s?epe semipedalia, apice acuminata, margine 
 integerrima v. sinuato-dentata, basi trincrvia, in maribus 
 auriculis rotundatis cordata, in foemineis rotundato-truncata 
 v. cordata, membranacea, supra punctis minutis ssepe scabrius- 
 cula, subtus glandulis crebris pellucido-punctata. Spicce 
 graciles, solitaries, foemineje foliis bre^^lorcs, mascul?e spcpius 
 longiores. Flores masculi ad axillam bractese ovatae acumi- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 507 
 
 minatse | lin. longse glomerati. Calyx valvatim 4-partitus. 
 Stamina numerosissima, receptaculo globoso iuserta; fila- 
 menta brevia, antlierarum loculi paralleli et contigui. Flores 
 fceminei solitarii, minute tribracteati. Pedicellus e bracteis 
 exsertus, \ lin. longus. Calycis lacinise tres, lanceolatse. 
 Ovarium globosum, hispidulum, triloculare (rarissime 4-locu- 
 lare), loculis uniovulatis. Styli tres, (rarissime 4), recurvi, 
 intus longiuscule et dense a basi plumoso-ramosi. Fructus 
 Isevis, glaber, coccis bivalvibus, singulis magnitudine seminis 
 Lathyri odorati. 
 
 This differs from the Asiatic Claoxyla in the opposite leaves 
 and the want of the three appendages alternating with the 
 divisions of the female calyx mentioned by Jussieu : the male 
 flowers are also smaller than usual ; but the general habit and 
 other characters are so much those of Claoxylon, of which 
 the Eastern species are probably numerous and variable in 
 aspect, that these differences do not appear to be of generic 
 importance. 
 
 2. Claoxylon ? sp. — Fernando Po, Vogel ; leaves opposite and 
 shaped as in C. cordifolium, but longer and thinner. The 
 specimens are too imperfect to describe. 
 
 1. Alchornea cordata, Benth. — Schousboea cordifolia, Schum. et 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 429 ; foliis ample ovatis basi sinu clauso 
 cordatis sub-5-nervibus 4-6-glandulosis subtus ad venas ra- 
 mulis petiolisque hirtellis, spicis masculis axillaribus panicu- 
 latis, foemineis e ramis annotinis pendulis simplicibus ramo- 
 sisve, floribus octandris, calycibus bipartitis laciniis subbifidis. 
 — On the Nun and at Abbh, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Vogel, 
 Don. — Christmas-bush of the negroes. 
 
 2. Alchornea hirtella, Benth. ; foliis ellipticis oblongisve obtuse 
 acuminatis remote dentatis rigide membrauaceis penninervi- 
 bus V. basi subtrinervibus subtus petiolis ramulisque hirsutis, 
 glandulis baseos obsoletis, spicis masculis gracilibus ramosis, 
 foemineis simplicibus, floribus octandi'is, calycibus bipartitis. 
 — Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Senegambia, Heudelot. 
 
 Frutex bipedalis v. pauUo altior, ramis paucis junioribus hir- 
 sutis. Folia breviter petiolata, tripollicaria v. paullo majora. 
 
508 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 acumine lato obtuso v. retuso, ad margines serraturis obtusis 
 nonuunquaui glanduliferis notata, versus basiu angustata, 
 ima basi obtusa^ utrinque viridia, penninervia et transverse 
 reticulato-venosa ; vente primarise 2 interdum more generis 
 ad basin folii oppositse validioresque, ssepius tamen obsoletse 
 et glandulse in earnm axillis omnino deesse videntur. Sti- 
 pul(S rigidse, subulatfe, petiolo breviores, deeiduse. Flores 
 dioici. Spicts masculce 4-5-pollicares, in paniculam graci- 
 lem dispositse. Spicam fcRmmeam unicam vidi in altero 
 specimine 22-pollicarem jam fructiferam, carpellis 2 v. ra- 
 rius 3. 
 
 Jussieu refers to two Senegalese and Guinea species, whether 
 the same or not as either of the above, I do not know. There is 
 also in VogeFs collection from Fernando Po, a fragment, con- 
 sisting of a bit of stalk and a single leaf, which may be that of 
 another Alchornea. 
 
 A specimen of a branching shrub, with small oval or obovate 
 leaves and a few remains of fruit, gathered by Vogel, at Stir- 
 ling, on the Quorra, indicates an affinity to Alchornea or Cla- 
 oxylon, but is insufficient to determine the genus. 
 
 Pycnocoma (gen. nov.) e tribu Crotonearum. 
 
 Flores monoici. Masculi racemosi. Calyx 5-partitus laciniis 
 sestivatione subvalvatis, per anthesin arete reflexis. Corolla 
 nulla. Stamina numerosissima, disco carnoso pulvinato in- 
 serta; filamenta filiformia libera apice incrassata; antherae 
 parvse globosse, loculis parallelis ad apicem filamcnti transverse 
 adnatis. Flos fcemineus ad apicem racemi solitarius, sessilis. 
 Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis patcntibus. Corolla nulla. Ova- 
 rium sessile, triloculare, ovulis solitariis. Stylus erectus, ad 
 medium trifidus, ramis recurvis summo apice peltato-stigma- 
 tiferis. Capsula tricocca, coccis (bivalvibus ?) dorso obtuse 
 bicostatis. 
 
 1. Pycnocoma macrophylla, Benth. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor 8-pedalis, trunco tenui nudo coma densa foliorum tcrmi- 
 nato. Ramuli (crassitie digitis minoris) glabri. Folia ad 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 509 
 
 summitates conferta, sessilia, l^-S-pedalia, obovali-oblonga, 
 
 acuminata, basi longissime angiistata, integerrima v. obsolete 
 
 sinuata, membranaceaj penninervia, glabra, subtus pallida, 
 
 eglandulosa. Stipula lineari-lanceolatae, mox deeidufe v. ob- 
 
 literatse. Racemi in axillis supremis solitarii, vix semi- 
 
 pedales, rachide glabra v. pilis paucis conspersa. Bracte(B 
 
 orbiculato-concavee, 2 lin. latse, cartilaginese, extus adpresse 
 
 tomentosse, secus rachin dissitse, inferiores steriles. Flores 
 
 masciili intra bracteas superiores solitarii gemini v. terni, 
 
 pedicello 6-8 lin. longo fulti. Calyx roseus, laciniis late 
 
 oblongis, 3 lin. longis niembranaceis, obtusis v. acutiusculis, 
 
 in pedicellum arete reflexis. Stamina calyce dimidio lon- 
 
 giora. Floris fceminei lacinise calycinse quam in mare angus- 
 
 tiores crassioresque, adpresse puberulse et apice tomentosse, 
 
 patentes sed non reflexse. Ovarium tomentosum. Stylus 
 
 fere glaber, infra divisionem 2. lin. longus, ramis paullo lon- 
 
 gioribus. 
 
 1. Manihot utilissima, Pohl. — Jatropha Manihot, Linn. var. ? 
 
 heterophylla. — Grand Bassa, VoyeL cultivated. 
 
 This variety of the Cassava is the one described by Thonning 
 
 as commonly cultivated in Guinea. It is not precisely identical 
 
 with any of those distinguished by Pohl, but probably with 
 
 the M. Aipi ; and perhaps one or two others of that author 
 
 should be included in one species, which must necessarily have 
 
 varied much by the effect of long and extensive cultivation in 
 
 all Tropical regions. 
 
 1. Jatropha multifida, Linn. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 2. Jatropha gossypifolia, Linn. — Cape Coast, Vogel; Accra, 
 
 D07l. 
 
 Both the above are South American plants, either introduced 
 or cultivated in Africa, as is also the Curcas purgans, Med. 
 [Jatropha Curcas, Linn.), said by Thonning to be found here 
 and there in Guinea. 
 ]. Astrsea lobata, Klotzsch in Erichs. Archiv. v. 7. p. 194. — 
 
 Croton lobatum, Linn. — Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. t. 36. 
 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel; Tropical Africa and America. 
 
510 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Two species of Crozophora are mentioned by A. de Jussieu 
 as Senegalese. 
 
 1. Phyllanthus Niruri, Linn. — P. amarus, Schum. et Thonn. 
 Beskr. p. 421 ? — As common in this as in other parts of Tro- 
 pical Africa and Asia. 
 
 2. Phyllanthus sp., possibly a large-leaved variety of P. Nii'uri. 
 — St. Thomas^ Don. 
 
 The extensive genus Phyllanthus, as well as Glochidion and 
 some other allied ones, are at present in such a state of confu- 
 sion, and several of the common almost cosmopolite species 
 so ill defined, that I do not venture to name as new any of the 
 specimens before me; although there are some which I am 
 unable absolutely to identify, as is the case with the present 
 one. 
 
 3. Phyllanthus piluliferus, Fenzl. Flora, 1844. p. 312.— P. li- 
 noides, Hochst. PL Kotsch. Nub. exs. n. 303. — On the 
 Quorra, at Patteh, Attah, and Stirling, Vogel, Ansell ; Sene- 
 gal and Nubia. 
 
 I am not aware that either of the above names are regularly 
 published, but I can scarcely believe that a plant, apparently 
 so common in Troi)ical Africa, should be yet undescribed. In 
 many respects, Thonning^s description of his P. pentandrus 
 agrees with it ; but o\ir plant is certainly an annual. 
 
 4. Phyllanthus dioicus, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 416 ? — 
 P. Keichenbachianus, Sieb. PI. Seneg. exs. — Cape Coast and 
 on the Quorra, Vogel; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
 Most probably, on a revision of the genus, this plant would 
 be placed in a distinct section or genus from the three pre- 
 ceding. 
 
 There is, besides, a species in the Senegambian collection 
 with very singular, recurved, stipulary thorns ; and Schumacher 
 and Thonning, besides those mentioned above, have desci'ibed 
 four others from Guinea : P. angulatus, P. capillaris, P. Thon- 
 ningii and P. sublanatus. 
 1. Glochidion sp. — Phyllanthus polyspermus, Schum. et Thonn. 
 
 Beskr. p. 416. — On the Quorra, at Stirling, Vogel; Guinea. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 5 1 1 
 
 2. Glocliidion, sp., very near the last, but the young branches 
 
 clothed with rusty hairs. — On the Quorra, at Attah, Vogel. 
 1. Bridelia ferruginea, Benth. ; fruticosa, foliis ovali-ellipticis 
 coriaceis supra glabris subtus ramulisque ferrugineo-pube- 
 rulis, baccis parvis oblongis monospermis. — On the Quorra, 
 at Attah, Vogel. 
 Frutex arborescens, divaricato-ramosus. Folia breviter petio- 
 lata, 2-3-pollicaria, obtusa v. brevissime acuminata, niargine 
 recurva, basi rotundata, supra glabra at non nitida, subtus 
 venis primariis pinnatis elevatis venulisque transversis reticu- 
 lata, ferruginea, prsesertim ad costas pubescentia. Stipulce 
 parvse. Flores desunt, sed e cicatricibus fructuque persistente 
 ad axillas glomerati erant. Calyx sub fructu persistens, 
 parvus, 5-iidus, laciniis acutis ; squamellffi (petala ?) 5, parvse, 
 acuta?, cum laciniis calycinis alternantes. Drupa 3 lin. longa, 
 nigra, intus semibilocularis ; dissepimenti disrupti axis per- 
 sistit semen perforans et margines intra sulcos seminis 
 leviter prominent. Semen fenestratum, albumine valde 
 involute fructum totum implens et axin dissepimenti am- 
 plectens. 
 
 The leaves of this species, especially in their consistence, 
 venation and pubescence, have some resemblance to those of 
 B. scandens. I regret much there being no flowers to examine 
 the ovary, for the appearance of the fruit seems to indicate that 
 the one-celled and one-seeded fruit, produced by a two-celled, 
 four-ovuled ovary, is not formed in the usual way, by the fertile 
 cell increasing so as to occupy the whole interior cavity, the 
 abortive one either wholly disappearing or being rejected to 
 one side ; but both cells increase equally, the fruit remaining 
 regular in form, with the original axis in its centre ; one ovule 
 alone enlarges, and penetrating through the broken dissepiment 
 on each side of the axis, occupies the whole of the two cavities, 
 enclosing the axis in its centre. 
 
 Brown mentions two new species of Bridelia from Congo; 
 whether or not either may be the same as the above, I have no 
 means of ascertaining. 
 
512 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Cleistanthus, Hook. fil. (gen. nov.) 
 
 Flares dioici. Masculi : Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis late linearibus 
 sestivatione valvatis demum patentibus crassiusculis. • Squa- 
 mulce 5, lincari-oblongfe, laciniis calycinis alternantes, hypo- 
 gynse. Stamina 5, squamulis alterna, filamentis inferne in 
 columnam crassam connatis, superne libei'is, subulatis ; an- 
 theris oblongis, supra basin dorso affixis, loculis rima in- 
 trorsa deliiscentibus. Rudimenlum pistilli, intra stamina in- 
 sidens, ovato-oblongum, apice trifidum villosum. Planta 
 foeminea desideratur. — Frutex : Folia alterna, disticba, bre- 
 viter petiolata^ oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi acuta, 
 integerrima, coriacea, penuinervia, reticulato-veuosa, glabra. 
 Stipulee foliorum non visse, florales lineari-subfalcatse glabrae. 
 Racemi masculi axillares breves, densiflori, axi pedicellisque 
 ferrugineo-pubescentibus. Flares brevissime pedicellati, 2-3- 
 natim fasciculati, fascicule bracteis 2 (stipulaceis ?) stipato. 
 Calyx extus ferrugineo-pubescens. 
 
 1. C\e\%idint\\\x& poly stachyus, Hook. fil. — Planch, in Hook. Ic. 
 t. 779. (Tab. XXXVI.)— Sierra Leone, Whitfield. 
 Dr. Planclion, whose generic character is here given, suggests 
 
 an afiBnity between this plant and Bridelia ; but whether it 
 
 belongs or not even to the Order, must remain doubtful until 
 
 the female plant shall have been seen. 
 
 Plate XXXVl. Fig. 1. bud; /. 2. expanded flower;/. 3. 
 scale or petal ; /. 4. rudiment of the pistil : — all more ar less 
 magnified. 
 
 1. Amanoa bracteostty Planch (Tab. XLVII.) ; monoica, gla- 
 berrima, foliis anguste oblongis acuminatis basi acutiusculis 
 integerrimis coriaceis nitidis, fasciculis tlorum bracteis 3 arete 
 cinctis in spicas abbreviatas quasi amentaceas distiche con- 
 fertis, pedicello floris foeminei c bracteis longe exserto, florum 
 masculorum inclusis, staminibus 5, capsula subglobosa nuce 
 juglandis paullo minorc, seminibus castaneis nigris. — {Planch, 
 in Hook. Ic. t. 797.) — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Folia alterna, 3-4 poll, longa, 1-1^ poll, lata; petiolo 4-5 lin. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA 513 
 
 longo. Stipulce in unam brevem intra-axillarem obtusam 
 concretse, Inflorescentice terminales v. axillares, subses- 
 siles. Bractea fasciculi singuli inferior late ovata biloba, 
 dorso sub apice mucronulata (revera stipularis), laterales 
 semiovatse. Flares in fascicule 3 exteriores intra bracteas 
 exteriores solitarii, cfeteri in fascicules circa 3 subdistiche 
 congesti, omnes bractea membranacea fulva suffulti ; foemi- 
 neus in fascicule unicus^ masculi 6-8. Perianthium floris 
 masculi 5-partitum, laciniis augustis sestivatione leviter im- 
 bricatis. Squamula 5, laciniis periantbii oppositcc. Stamina 
 5, squamulis alterna^ disco elevato inserta. Rudimentum 
 pistilli minutum, trilobum. Ovarium floris foeminei trilocu- 
 lare, loculis biovulatis. Stigma sessile, pileiforme, obsolete 
 trilobum. Semina in loculis gemina, ecarunculata. 
 Plate XLVII. Fig. 1. fascicle of flowers seen laterally; /. 2. 
 the same seen from the rachis ; /. 6. one of the lateral 
 bracts ; /. 4. fascicle of flowers without the outer bracts ; 
 /. 5. portion of a fascicle without the female flower ; /. 6. 
 male flower, opened ; /. 7. disk, with the rudiment of the 
 ovary ; /. 8, pistil, vertical section ; /. 9. valve of the cap- 
 sule ; /. 10. seed -.—all but the two last magnified. 
 There are, in Vogel's Fernando Po collection, specimens of a 
 shrub, which appears to constitute a new genus of Buxea, but 
 as they are females only, I am unable to characterize^ it. The 
 leaves are alternate, resembling those of Gefomwm.,^ The, young 
 tricoccous capsular fruits are in axillary racemes, surmounted 
 by three bifid styles, each cell containing, in the youngest, two 
 ovules half-immersed in a thick fleshy placenta, only one of 
 which appears to come to perfection. 
 
 The following genus, Microdesmis, has been referred by 
 Planchon to anomalous Flacourtianece ; but as he also admits its 
 relationship to Euphorhiacea, with which it appears to me to 
 have much closer connection, I here insert the West African 
 species with Dr. Planchon's specific character, referring to 
 Hooker's Icones, t. 758, for the detailed generic character, taken 
 from this and a Malacca species, which I have not the opportu- 
 nity of examining. 
 
 L L 
 
514 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 1. Microdesmis /(M^erw^a, Hook. fil. (Tab. XXVI.) ; staminibus 
 5, antheris muticis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex, ramis virgatis gracilibus pubescentibus. Folia alterna, 
 brevi-petiolata, lanceolata, cuspidata, 3-4-pollicaria, obsolete 
 serrulata, penninervia^ reticulato-venosa, rigide membranacea, 
 pellucido-punctata^ subtus ad venas puberula. Stipula mi- 
 nutae, persistentes. Flores niinuti, in fasciculos axillares 
 aggregati ; masculi in fasciculo plures^ pedicello vix lineam 
 longo ; foeminei pauciores, pedicello adhuc breviore. 
 Plate XXVI. Fiff. 1. bud of the male flower; /. 2. male 
 flower ; /• 3. petal ; /. 4. stamens, with the rudiments of the 
 pistil; /. 5. fruit; /. 6. the same, vertical section; /. 7. the 
 same, transverse section ; /. 8. seed ; /. 9. the same, vertical 
 section : — all magnified. 
 
 XCIII. PlPERACE^. 
 
 1. Peperomia Vogelii, Miq. Lond. Journ. Bot, 4. p. 413. — On 
 
 the Quorra, Vogel; St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 Don^s specimens are much more slender than VogeFs, with 
 longer and slenderer spikes, one of them is branched, and 
 eleven inches high. Some of the leaves come very near in 
 form to those of the common P. pellucida, from which this 
 species is scarcely distinct. 
 1. Pothomorphe suhpeltata, Miq. Pip. p. 213. et Lond. Journ. 
 
 Bot. 4. p. 431. — Sierra Leone, Don; Fernando Po, Vogel; 
 
 Tropical Asia and Africa. 
 1. Cubeba Clusii, Miq. Pip. p. 304. et Lond. Journ. Bot. 4<. p. 
 
 434. — Sierra Leone, very common on trees, Do7i ; Fernando 
 
 Po, Vogel. 
 
 Schumacher and Thonning describe a Piper Guineense, 
 known in the country imder the name of Dooje and Ashantee 
 Pepper, which appears to agree with the above in the fruit, but 
 to difier in the long petioles, and in the veins of the leaves 
 pubescent underneath. Thonning had not seen it himself, but 
 loose fragments were brought to him by the natives, and possibly 
 the leaves may not have been from the same plant as the 
 fruit. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 515 
 
 XCIV, AntidesmejE. 
 
 This Order is more than any one in need of a thorough 
 I'evision, both as to the number and limitation of the genera it 
 shoukl contain, and as to the character of the Order itself; and 
 indeed its very existence as a separate Order is doubtful. This 
 labour requires too wide an enquiry to be undertaken on the 
 present occasion, the West African species being but very few. 
 None, indeed, appear to have been as yet indicated from that 
 region, and the few specimens in the collections before us are 
 most of them in too imperfect a state to be satisfactorily de- 
 scribed. They are : 
 
 1. An Antidesma, in fruit only, from Aboh, Vogel; closely 
 allied to the East Indian A. Bunius. 
 
 2. An Antidesma, with a few fruits, and inflorescences de- 
 formed by a kind of proliferous monstrosity, from Vogel's 
 collection without the precise indication of the locality. It 
 can hardly be distinguished from the common East Indian A. 
 paniculata. 
 
 3. A specimen in leaf only from Sierra Leone, Don, called by 
 him Antidesma Guineensis, and another in the same state, 
 evidently belonging to the same species from Fernando Po, 
 Vogel, but both very different in appearance from any Anti- 
 desma known to me. 
 
 4. A specimen without flowers or fruit from Cape Palmas, 
 Vogel, with the aspect of Bennettia, Br., and which Dr. 
 Planchon believes to be a new Sarcostigma. 
 
 5. Another, in the same state, from Grand Bassa, Vogel, 
 which Dr. Planchon considers a new Pyrenacantha. 
 
 There is also in the Senegambian collection a male specimen 
 of a Lejjidostachya, or some allied genus. 
 
 XCV. Urtice^. 
 
 1. Urera oblongifoJia, Benth. ; dioica, caule glabro scandente, 
 foliis longe petiolatis elliptico- v. obovali-oblongis acuminatis 
 basi obtusis, cymis axillaribus laxis, masculis petiolo lon- 
 gioribus floribus pentameris, foemineis brevioribus perianthio 
 
 L L 2 
 
516 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ovario vix breviore minute 3-4-dentato demum baccato. — 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Frutex scandens, totus glaber exceptis setis nonnuUis in cyma 
 foeminea prsescrtim sub fructu conspicuis. Stipules .parvae, 
 caducse. Folia 2-3-pollicaria, acumine abrupto obtuso, mar- 
 gine integerrima v. superne leviter serrata, basi obtusa v. 
 rarius leviter cordata, membranaceo-chartacea, rbapbidibus 
 sub epidermide tcnuissima piliformibus scabriuscula, venis 
 primariis a costa divergentibus paucis, 2 inferioribus oppositis 
 cseteris paullo validioribus, petiolo i-1-pollicari. CyrruB mas- 
 culce paniculaeformes, longiuscule pedunculatse, folium inter- 
 dum superantes. Flores in ramis ultimis fasciculati, bre- 
 vissime pedicellati, | lin. diametro. Perianthium 5-parti- 
 tum. Filamenta brevissima sub ovarii rudimento pulvinato 
 inserta, antheris parvis rotundatis. Cymee foeminece corym- 
 bosse, masculis densiores, breviter pedunculatse. Flores ses- 
 silesj ovati, subcompressi^ vix obliqui, semilinea breviores. 
 Perianthium membranaceum, ovarium fere ad apicem in- 
 cludens. Stigma globoso-villosum, subpenicillatum, coc- 
 cineum, fere rectum. Perianthium frudiferum baccans, 
 linea paullo longius, rubi-o-aurantiacum (ex. Vog.), acbenium 
 arete includens. 
 
 2. Urera obovata, Bentli. ; dioica, caule scandente subsetoso, 
 foliis petiolatis obovatis acuminatis glabris v, vix setosis, 
 cymis foemineis axillaribus laxis subpaniculatis petiolos supe- 
 rantibus, perianthio ovarii dimidium vix superante sub-4- 
 dentato. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 
 Affinis U. oblonga. Rami crassiores, novelli setis brcvibus 
 rigidis urentibus horridi. Stipuke 2-3 lin. longse, caducae. 
 Folia 3-5 lin. longa, 2-2^ poll, lata, noununquam prope 
 basin ad venas petiolosque pauciseta, cseterum iis U. ob- 
 longce similia. Stirps mascula deest. Cymee foeminese potius 
 paniculatse quam corymbose, l|-3-pollicares, multiflorae, se- 
 tulospe. Perianthium inaequalitcr ct obtuse 4-dentatum, per 
 antbesin ovarii dimidium vix sequans, post antbesin auctura 
 et teste Vogelio aurantiacum. Ovarium apicc in stylum 
 brevissimum attenuatum, stigmate capitato subpenicillato le- 
 viter obliquo. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 517 
 
 The dioecious flowers and the form of the leaves would 
 separate the above two species from the generality of Urerce ; 
 although as a section only. Whether this be the same section 
 as that suggested by Gaudichaud for some INIadagascar and 
 Mauritian species under the name of Obetia, I have no means 
 of judging. The female perianth is very different from that 
 described by Endlicher in his sectional character of Urera, 
 which indeed does not agree with the generality of Urera, 
 where the perianth is very variable. It is better described by 
 Gaudichaud, excepting that, even in the original U. baccifera, 
 it is rather 3-4-lobed than 3-4-partite, and in our species the 
 divisions are no more than short teeth. The rhaphides having 
 the appearance of hairs, mentioned by Dr. Hooker in the Flora 
 Antarctica, are very conspicuous in both the above species. 
 
 1. rieurya sp. — Urtica mitis, E. Mey. PL Dr. exs. ? — Cape 
 Palmas, Ansell ; a small specimen, with a single male cyme. 
 
 2. Fleurya sp. — Urtica Caravelhana, Schranck ex Mart. Herb. 
 Fl. Bras. p. 9^. w. 84. — Urtica hirsuta, Vahl, Symb. 1. p. 
 77.?— On the Quorr a, at Patteh and Addaenda, Vogel ; St. 
 Thomas, Don. 
 
 3. Fleurya sp. — Urtica villosa, Sa/zin. PI. Bras. exs. — U. hir- 
 suta, Vahl ? — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 The genus Fleurya, if made to include Laportea, is a natural 
 one, and readily distinguished from Urtica, whether by its al- 
 ternate leaves, by the shape of the ovary and the uncinate 
 style, the stigmatic portion being more or less reflexed. End- 
 licher, indeed, in reducing Gaudichaud's genera to the rank of 
 sections, has suppressed this also, but evidently through inad- 
 vertence, because he had himself, in another place, established it 
 as a distinct genus, under the name of Schychoivskya, adopted 
 as such in his Genera Plantarum. Some species, especially the 
 South American and African ones, appear to be dioecious, or 
 nearly so : the N. American F. Canadensis and the Oceanic 
 F. rvderalis are, however, certainly monoecious. In all, the 
 male inflorescences are much more compact than the female, the 
 male calyx, as in other genera, varies in the number of its 
 sepals and stamens 4 or 5 ; the female flower has, like Urtica, 
 
518 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 two sepals flatly applied to the sides of the compressed ovary, 
 with either one or two minute outer leaflets opposite to the 
 edges of the ovary, which may be more correctly called bracts 
 (as suggested by Henslow, whose Urera Gaudichaudiana is 
 rather a Fleiirya) than sepals. The fruit is generally ex- 
 ceedingly oblique and bent down upon the rachis (or recep- 
 tacle), whilst the style is bent back on the upper edge, some- 
 times long and subulate, with a short stigmatic portion at its 
 extremity, more frequently short, with a more or less elongated 
 or subulate stigmatic tuft. In the F. ruderalis, the type, as it 
 were, both of Fleurya and of Schychoivskya, it is much less 
 hooked and the fruit less oblique than in all other species I am 
 acquainted with. Still it is very different from the style and 
 stigmate of either Urtica or Urera, besides having the habit of 
 the other Fleuryte, To the three above species I have not 
 given names or character ; because I have not before me, at 
 present, materials for extricating the synonymy and determining 
 the limits of older species, to which they bear considerable 
 relation, if they are not identical. The first is a very poor male 
 specimen, very likely distinct from the S. African U. mitis, but 
 affords no clue to separate it. The two others, as far as my 
 specimens go, closely resemble the Brazilian ones, to which I 
 have compared them, but have most probably already received 
 more than one name as S. American or as African plants. 
 1. Pouzolsia Gnineensis, Benth. ; pubescens, caule elongato ra- 
 moso, foliis alternis petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis, glomerulis 
 multifloris androgynis, floribus masculis exterioribus minute 
 bracteatis, foemineis intra bracteas orbiculatas subreconditis, 
 fructibus costatis exalatis. — Parietaria Gnineensis, G. Don, 
 Herb. — St. Thomas, Don ; Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 Herba annua videtur, caulibus pluripedalibus adscendentibus 
 inter frutices subsarmentosis ; ramuli, prfesertim novelli, 
 pilis brevibus pubescentes. Folia infcriora ovato-lanceolata, 
 longiuscule acuminata, bipollicaria ; floralia breviora ; summa 
 ovata, semipollicaria ; omnia integerrima, trinervia, prseser- 
 tim ad margincs setulis parvis pilosida. Stipulce fusco-mem- 
 branaccpp, acuminatie, foliorum floralium plerspque basi latie, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 519 
 
 glomerulum bracteantes. Flores in glomerulos petiolo bre- 
 viores arete conferti, exteriores 6-10 masculi bracteolis mini- 
 mis subtensi et breviter pedicellati ; interiores nunc 2-3, nunc 
 12-15, arete sessiles, singuli bractea subfoliacea orbiculato- 
 renifornii concava hispida bistipellata subtensi. Ovarium 
 perianthio subclause minute bidentato extus bispido arete 
 inclusum. Stigma exsertum, elongatum, bine longiuscule 
 plumoso-villosum. Fructus perianthio persistenti aucto adna- 
 tus, ovato-compressus, hispidus, lineam longus, angulis 3 
 acutis at non in alas productis, faciebus convexis 5-cos- 
 tatis. 
 
 This plant belongs to Bennett's second section, to which 
 he proposes that the name of Pouzolsia should more espe- 
 cially apply. Turczaniuow's genus Gonostegia belongs to 
 Bennett's first section, for which the latter botanist adopts 
 Hamilton's name of Memorialis, 
 
 The Haynea ovalifolia, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, which 
 is unknown to me, is usually referred to Pilea ; but the three 
 styles described, render it a very doubtful plant till it has been 
 re-examined. 
 
 1. Boehmeria (Procris ?) rigida, Benth.; fruticosa, dioica, ramis 
 aculeato-setosis, foliis alternis late ovatis obovatisve serratis 
 basi obtusis glabris subtus albicantibus, cymis masculis axil- 
 laribus laxe paniculatis folia sequantibus. — Urtica rigida, 
 G. Don, Herb. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Specimen unicvim masculum. Ramus crassus, glaber, setis 
 crassis acu.leiformibTis echinatus. Folia breviter petiolata, 
 3 poll, longa, 2-2 1 poll, lata, a basi ad apicem grosse serrata. 
 Tnflorescentia eadem ac in stirpibus masculis B. nivea vel 
 B. Puyce, sed laxior. Flores pentameri, ovarii rudimento 
 clavato. 
 1. Musanga Smithii, Br. in Horsf. PL Jav. Rar. p. 49. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 1. Dieranostachys sp. ? — A specimen is in Vogel's collection, 
 without any label, in leaf, with one young fruit ; the leaves 
 are much broader than those described by Trecul in the 
 original D. serrata, a Senegalese species. 
 
520 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The Myrinnthus arborescens, Beauv., from Benin, is conjec- 
 tured by Trecul to be allied to Dicranostachys. The TrecuUa 
 Africana, Decaisne, belonging to the same tribe, is from Senegal 
 only. 
 
 1. Urostigma Vogelii, Miq.* {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot' v. 7. 
 t. VZ.f. A.); foliis longiuscule pctiolatis obovato- v. lanceo- 
 lato-oblongis breviter plerumque obtuse acuniiuatis basi 
 obtusis V. leviter euiarginatis coriaceis supra glabris subtus 
 puberulis trinervibus costulisque utrinque 4-5 patulo-adscen- 
 dentibus reticulatis, receptaculis axillaribus geniinis subsessi- 
 libus globosis glabriusculis, involucri trilobi lobis medio 
 hirtis. — Grand Bassa and Cape Palmas, Voyel. 
 
 Arbor 20-30-pedalis ex Vog. Petioli 1-2 poll, longi, uti ra- 
 muli in sicco rimulosi. Siipiilce breves, latfe, coriacese. 
 Folia crassa, coriacea, 6-8 poll, longa, 3-5 poll, lata, in sicco 
 supra nigricautia, subtus fuscescentia. Receptacula in ra- 
 mulis nasceutibus apice foliatis plerumque gcmina, quan- 
 doque sena, brunnea, piso paullo majora, fere sessilia, intus 
 bracteis lanceolatis occlusa et inter flores bracteolata. Flores 
 foeminei plerumque pedicellati, perigonio tripartite, lobis con- 
 cavis ellipticis carinatis fuscis pallide marginatis. Ovarium 
 brevi gynophoro sustensum, ellipticum ; stylo a medio latere 
 brevi, stigmate paullo obliquo elongato compressiusculo. 
 Flores masculi in superiore reccptaculi parte foemineis inter- 
 mixti iisque subbreviores. Stamen 1, filamento brevi crasso ; 
 anthera oblonga (inclusa) bilocularis, loculis connectivo utrin- 
 que adnatis rimaque apertis. 
 
 2. Urostigma rubicundum, Miq. {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 7. 
 t. 12./. B.) ; foliis modicc petiolatis ovatis ellipticis v. obo- 
 vato-ellipticis rotundato-obtusis v. breviter apiculatis basi 
 
 • The description of the species belonging to the old genus of Fivns 
 is by Dr. Miquel, to whom we are indebted for an elaborate and careful 
 monograph of this most difficult group. It is only to be regretted that 
 he had not left so natural and readily-recognised a genus entire, giving 
 sectional names only to his otherwise excellent divisions. I have here, 
 however, followed his own words, only reducing his admeasurements of 
 ceniimeties and millimelies, for conformity sake, into incfus and lines. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 521 
 
 iequali leviter cordatis integevrimis coriaceis adultis utrinque 
 glabris junioribus ciliolatis trinervibus costulisque utrinque 
 5-7, petiolis antice puberulis glabrescentibus, stipulis lanceo- 
 latis acuminatis convolutis puberulis antice deorsum hirsutis, 
 receptaculis axillaribus geminis v. solitariis breviter peduncu- 
 latis obovato-globosis sericeo-villosis, umbilici rima subhiante, 
 involucre subtrilobo pubescente circumscisse deciduo, — On 
 the Quorra, at Addaenda, Vogel. 
 Arbor mediocris. Petioli 6-12 lin. longi. Folia 2-4 poll, 
 longa, 1-2 poll, lata, siccatione fuscescentia. Stipulce 4 lin. 
 lougpe. Pedunculi hirto-tomentelli, lineam longi. Recepta- 
 cula viridi-rubescentia, 3-4 lin. crassa, intus sub ore dense 
 bracteata. Flores foeminei e tubo brevi trilobi, coriacei, fusci, 
 lobis ellipticis acutis versus basin carinatis. Ovarium brevi 
 gynophoro suffultum, obovatum ; stylo ex apice laterali ; stig- 
 mate lineari. Achenia purpureo-fusca, variegata. Flores 
 masculi desunt, forsan deilorati. 
 
 3. Urostigma elegans, Miq. {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7. t. 13. 
 /. A.) ; foliis oblongo-obovatis ovatisve breviter obtuseque 
 apiculatis ima basi angustata obtusis integerrimis coriaceo- 
 membranaceis glabris, costulis utrinque circiter 10, stipulis 
 lanceolatis acuminatis convolutis glabris, receptaculis (ex Vog.) 
 longe pedunculatis pendulis. — Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor pulchra. Petioli f-l^ poll, longi. Folia 4-5 poll, longa, 
 2-2| prope apicem lata, costulis patulis prominulis. Stipules 
 fere 5 lineas sequantes. 
 
 4. Urostigma ottoniafolium, Miq. {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7. 
 t. 13./. B.) ; foliis longiuscule petiolatis oblongis v. obovato- 
 oblongis breviter et obtuse acuminatis basi acutis integerrimis 
 coriaceo-membranaceis glabris trinervibus costulisque utrinque 
 4-7 patulis, stipulis lanceolatis glabris apice puberulis convo- 
 lutis, receptaculis axillaribus 1-2 pedunculatis globosis tenere 
 puberulis glabrescentibus, involucro trilobo dcmum circum- 
 scisse. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Folia in petiolo 1-1^-pollicari 3-4^ poll, longa, 1-2 poll, lata, 
 fere membranacea, baud rigida, in acumen modicum rectum 
 latiusculum tcrminata, venis in arcum marginalem conflu- 
 
522 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 entibus. Stipula 4 lin. loug?e. Receptacula ssepe gemina 
 (v. ex tuberculo axillavi plura ?), obovato-globosa, 3^ lin. 
 diametro, pedunculos circiter sequantia, involucre membra- 
 naceo extus puberulo sustensa. 
 
 5. Urostigma Thonningii, Miq, {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bat. 7. 
 t. 13./. C.) ; foliis longiuscule petiolatis oblongis v. obovato- 
 oblongis obtusis rotundatis v. emai'ginatis basi acutis v. ob- 
 tusiusculis integerrimis coriaceis glabris, vennlis distinctiori- 
 bus utrinque fere 12, receptaculis axillaribus geminis breviter 
 pedunculatis globosis versus basin pilosulis v. glabris, invo- 
 lucri trilobi lobis rotundatis puberulis et ciliatis. — Ficus micro- 
 carpa, Vahl, Enum. 2. p. 188. haud Linn. — F. Thonningii, 
 Blume in Rumphia. — On the Nun, Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 Arbor mediocris. Petioli 5-I2 poll, longi. Folia 2-4 poll, 
 longa, 1-1^ poll, lata, rigidiuscule membranaceo-coriacea, 
 supra l^evia, in sicco nigricantia, venis crebris patulis parallelis. 
 Stipulce coriaceo-membranaceffi, ovatse, convolutse, 1^ lin. 
 longse. Receptacula magnitudine pisi majoris, viridi-lutes- 
 centia, punctis rubris, fere tota glabra, intus sub ore bracteis 
 lanceolatis fuscescentibus occlusa. Flares sessiles, fceminei 
 tripartiti, lobis 2 posticis lanceolatis acuminatis, dorsali tertio 
 concavo. Ovarium sessile, obovatum, stylo modico, stigmate 
 simplici, sed cujus forma accurate distingui nequit, cum 
 omnia stigmata sibi adglutinata sint. Achenia fusca, niti- 
 dula, Flores masculi verosimiliter deflorati. 
 
 6. Urostigma ? sp. — Specimens in leaf only, not seen by Dr. 
 Miquel, but apparently allied to U. 2}olituin. — On the Quorra, 
 at Attah and Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 The other W. African species of the genus (or section) are 
 U. ovatum, Miq., U. pallium, Miq., U. cahjptratum, INliq., and 
 U. luteum, Miq., all from Guinea. 
 
 1. Sycomorus Vogeliana, Miq. ; ramis glabris, ramulis petiolis 
 foliisque subtus praesertim in nervo medio costisque subbar- 
 bato-hirtis, his breviter v. longe petiolatis obovato-oblongis 
 acutis V. breviter apiculatis versus basin attenuatis ipsaque 
 leviter emarginatis v. subtruncatis pra^scrtini versus apicera 
 crenato-serratis v. repandis coriaceo-membranaceis trincrvibus 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 523 
 
 et utrinque 5-6-costatis, junioribus supra pilis raris longius- 
 culis inspei'sis^ deiii glabris Ifevigatis subtus fuscescentibus 
 et sub lente punctulatis, receptaculis supra ramos aphyllos 
 racemoso-paniculatis junioribus ovatis v. globosis parce hir- 
 tellis, bracteis 3 ovatis pedunculoque liirtis. — On the Quorra, 
 and Fei'nando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Arbor 30-40-pedalis cortice albo, paniculis e trunco ramisque 
 vetustis erumpentibus, ramis racemosis gracilibus usque ad 
 2^ pedes longis. Petioli i-2 poll, longi^ cum ramulis foliis- 
 que subtus in sicco fuscescentes. Folia 3-7 poll, longa, 2-4 
 poll, lata^ majora dentata v. crenato-serrata, minora quandoque 
 fere integerrima j costse subtus prominentes, erecto-patulse, 
 prope margines subconfluentes, anastomosibus transversis 
 parallelis prominentibus junctse. Stipule membranacese, 
 ovato-lanceolatse, 6 lin. longse, demum glabrpe. Paniculce 
 rami alterni, juniores hirti, stipulis bracteati, e quorum axillis 
 receptacula solitaria, altero nunc rudimentario. 
 
 2. Sycomorus Guineensis, Miq. {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 7. 
 t. 14. /. B.) ; ramulis petiolis foliisque subtus in nervis pilis 
 parcis fugacibus inspersis, his longiviscule petiolatis oblongis 
 acutis V. obtusiusculis basi acutis prsesertim versus apicem 
 dentato-serratis membranaceo-coriaceis Ifevibus v. senectute 
 asperiusculis trinervibus et utrinque 4-5-costatis^ stipulis lan- 
 ceolatis dorso appresse hirtis marginibus ciliatis^ receptaculis 
 supra ramos laterales e trunco v. vetustis ramis protrusis 
 racemosis^ maturis rubris. — Ficus Brassii, Br. in Trans. Soc. 
 Rort. Lond. 5. p. 448. — Cape Palmas, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, 
 Don. 
 
 A prsecedente foliis basi magis attenuatis nee excisis, paniculse 
 ramis brevibus statim discernitur. Bami vetustiores cylin- 
 drici, parce verrucosi ; ramuli subangulati, parce puberuli, 
 dein glabrati quandoque rimulosi. Petioli i-2 poll, longi, 
 antice canaliculati, cito glaberrimi. Folia 3-5 poll, longa, 
 2-2| poll, lata, rigidiuscula, subtus pallidiora, versus basin 
 integerrima, raro uno alterove dente instructa e nervo medio 
 utrinque una costa ad \ alt. perducta, reliquse inde ab \ alt. 
 ortfe patulo-adscendentes ; anastomoses tenues, paucje va- 
 
524 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 lidiores. Siipulce vix 4 lin. longfe, exteriores perulacesc gla- 
 briores dorso versus basin hirtse ciliatseque, interiores bve- 
 viores imbricatse subsericese. Ivjiorescentia stricta, aphylla, 
 6 poll, longa, ramulis subsericeis raccmoso-dispositis serius 
 glabrescentibus. 
 
 Dr. Miquel observes that this is most nearly allied to the 
 St/comorus Capensis, but is not only much larger in stature, but 
 differs also in its pubescence. Don^s specimen, without fructi- 
 fication, which Miquel had not seen, resembles still more the 
 South African ones. 
 
 The Ficus umbellata, Vahl, from Guinea, is referred by Miquel 
 to Sycomorus. 
 
 1. Ficus (Sycidium) asperifolia, Miq. {Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 
 7. t. 15./. B.) ; foliis ellipticis breviter acuminatis v. acutis 
 subdenticulatis integris v. utrinque sinu diversiformi excisis 
 coriaceis utrinque scabro-asperrimis supra nitidulis demum 
 subareolatis, subtus in sicco lutescentibus costulisque venosis 
 5-6 patulis reticulatis, receptaculis axillaribus plerumque 
 gerainis pedunculatis obovato-turbinatis verrucosis asperulis 
 basi in stipitem constrictis tribracteatis, ore prominule brac- 
 teato. — Aboh, often growing in the water, Vogel. 
 Frutex ramis teretibus glabris Irevibus, ramulis angulatis gla- 
 briusculis. Petioli antice sulcati, 4-6 lin longi. Folia 2-3 
 poll, longa, 1-2 poll, lata, pleraque Integra, prscsertim versus 
 apicem minute et sequaliter denticulata v. fere integerrima, 
 alia ad diniidium altitudinis utrinque sinu acuto v. obtuso 
 excisa, hinc subtriloba, omnia jequilatcra, basi acuta. Pedun- 
 culi parce puberuli, 2 lin. longi. Receptacula pilis minutis 
 rigidissimis scaberrima, ore prominulo puberula, basi stipiti- 
 formi bracteis 3 basi cohrerentibus puberulis deciduis instructa, 
 3-5 lin. diametro, intus sub ore bracteis occlusa et inter flores 
 bracteolata. Flores fceminei scssilcs v. pedicellati, ])crigonii 
 phyllis 5 lineari-lanceolatis coriaceis ovario arete applicitis, in 
 floribus sessilibus parieti receptaculi partim adnatis. Ova- 
 riiim subsessile, stylo laterali sursum muriculatum. Achenia 
 Isevia, pallide lutescentia. Flores masculos nou rcperi. 
 Miquel observes that this species is very near the East 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 525 
 
 Indian F. heterophylla, Linn., but is sufficiently distinguished, 
 amongst other characters, by the constricted base of the recep- 
 tacles. 
 
 There are besides, specimens, in leaf only, of three species, 
 apparently of Ficus or some allied genus. 1. A tree from 
 Sierra Leone, in Don's collection, with large obovate leaves, 
 nearly smooth. 2. A tree from Sierra Leone, in both Don's 
 and Vogel's collections, with the young branches thick and 
 densely clothed with long hairs, large obovate-oblong leaves, 
 and the fruits (receptacles?), according to Vogel, closely sessile 
 on the branches. 3. A tall tree, from the Quorra, opposite 
 Stirling, with milky juice, and shining, oval, entire, coriaceous 
 leaves, a fruit (receptacles) twice as big as a man's head, and 
 conjectured by Vogel to be an Artocarpus, known by the 
 Kroomen under the name of Oqua. 
 
 1. Celtis integrifolia, Lam. — Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. 
 V. 10. p. 308. — On the Gambia, Don ; Senegal. 
 
 2. Celtis sp. Planch. I. c. p. 307. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 1. Sponia strigosa, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. v. 10. 
 p. 320. — On the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 2. Sponia Afincana, Planch. /. c. — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don ; 
 Senegal. 
 
 3. Sponia affinis, Planch. I. c. p. 329. — Sierra Leone, Vogel. 
 The above three species appear to me far too much alike to 
 
 be considered specifically distinct from each other, or from 
 the Celtis Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn. from Guinea, a synonym 
 apparently overlooked by Planchon. 
 
 4. Sponia nitens, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3. v. 10./?. 325. 
 — Fernando, Po, Vogel. 
 
 DicoTYLEDONES incertcB sedis. 
 
 1. Ceratophyllum vulgare, Schleid., Linncea \1. p. 540. t. 11. 
 
 — In the Quorra and other waters of West Tropical Africa, 
 
 as well as of the greater portion of the globe. 
 
 The careful observations of Schleiden and his elaborate disser- 
 tations above quoted, whilst they make us thoroughly acquainted 
 with the real structure of this plant, have shown that no one 
 
526 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 satisfactory affinity with it has yet been indicated, and it remains 
 an isolated species which cannot be associated with any known 
 Order. The calling it an Order of itself, does not appear to me 
 to throw any additional light on the matter. 
 
 DiCOTYLEDONES dubicB. 
 
 There I'emain six or seven fragmentary specimens, which we 
 have successively rejected from all known forms in each 
 natural Order with which we had at first compared them, and 
 far too incomplete for any specific mention. They show, how- 
 ever, as well as the large number of species hereinbefore men- 
 tioned as imperfectly known, how much there is still for bota- 
 nists to do who may in future risk their lives in these regions, 
 so pestiferous for the human race, but so favourable for vegetable 
 development. 
 
 XCVI. Palm^. 
 
 Of this Order, the only fragment in the collection is a leaf of 
 the Elais Guineensis ; and not more than six species appear to 
 have been observed in West Tropical Africa, viz.: 1. Calamus 
 secundijlorus, Beauv., extending from Senegal to Benin. 2. Bo- 
 rassus ^thiopum, Mart., Senegal to Benin. 3. Hyphcene Gui- 
 neensis, Schum. et Thonn., referred by Kunth to the Egyptian 
 Doum Palm, {Hyphcene Thebaica, Mart.) : Brown suggests, 
 however, that the Palm called by Prof. C. Smith Hyphcene, is 
 probably not of that genus, as having a single stem. Thonning, 
 in his description, does not mention the branching stem, and 
 his detailed account of the male flowers does not agree with 
 Martins' generic character of Hyphcene. 4. Raphia vinifera, 
 Beauv., one of the Wine-palms, from Sierra Leone to Benin. 
 5. Phcenix spinosa, Schum. et Thonn., another of the Wine- 
 palms, according to Thonning ; Guinea, and said also to be 
 found in Senegal and at the Cape of Good Hope. 6. Elais 
 Guineensis, Linn., or Oil-palm, also a Wine-palm, and, accord- 
 ing to Thonning, common, both wild and cultivated. Horne- 
 mann is said by Nees v. Esenbeck, to observe that Thonning's 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 527 
 
 description confirms Gsertner^s assertion that this Palm is dioe- 
 cious ; although Brown and others had satisfactory evidence of 
 the male and female spadices being produced on the same stem. 
 But although the Elais is placed in Dicecia in Schumacher^s 
 Beskrivelse, yet in Thonning^s own printed description, the 
 point in question is not alluded to. 
 
 XCVII. Pandane^e. 
 
 The Pandanus Candelabrum, Beauv., common along the coast, 
 was observed also by Vogel, but no specimen was gathered. 
 
 XCVIII. AROIDEiE. 
 
 1. Pistia Stratiotes, Linn. — Aboh, Vogel. 
 
 The fine set of specimens, as to leaf and flower, collected by 
 Vogel, still further confirm the opinion stated, amongst others 
 by myself, (Bot. Sulph. p. 170), that the nine supposed species 
 of Pistia are really forms of one species, common in most of the 
 warmer regions of the globe, and very variable, like the gene- 
 rality of aquatic plants. 
 1. Culcasia scandens, Beauv. — Kunth, Enum. 3. p. 46. — On 
 
 the Quorra, opposite Stirhng, Vogel ; Oware. 
 1. Philodendron ? sp., not in a state to determine. — Grand 
 
 Bassa, Vogel; Senegal, Heudelot. 
 
 The remaining Aroidea published from West Tropical Africa, 
 are Siylochceton hypogceum, Lepr., from Senegal ; Pythoniwn ? 
 Hookeri, Kunth, [Caladium petiolatum, Hook.), from Fer- 
 nando Po;* Amorphophallus difformis, BL, from Oware; A. 
 consimilis, Bl., and A. 7 Fontanesii, Kunth, from Senegambia. 
 There is also a leaf of a cultivated Colocasia from Sierra Leone 
 in Don's collection, probably the same as the one mentioned by 
 Thonning under the old name of Caladium esculentum,, 
 
 XCIX. TYPHACE.E. 
 
 The Typha angustifolia, L., is found in the waters of the 
 
 « In Kunth's Enumeratio, this island is, by a slip of the pen, stated to 
 be oflf New Guinea instead of Guinea. 
 
528 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Guinea Coaj^t^ as in most other parts of the world. It is not in 
 the collection before us, but is described by Schumacher and 
 Thonning under the name of T. australis. 
 
 C. Naiade.«. 
 
 1. Potamogeton pusillus, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 3. p. 136. — 
 Cape Coast, Don ; Angola, and in most parts of the globe. 
 The only other species of this Order I can find any mention 
 
 of are Onvirundra Hendelotii. Kunth, from Senegal, and Apo- 
 
 nogeton subconjugatus, Schum. et Thonn., (probably an Ouvi- 
 
 randra), from Guinea. 
 
 CI. Alismace^. 
 
 Of this Order two species only are given as West Tropical 
 African : Alisma sagittifoHum, Willd., from Guinea, and A. 
 humile, Kunth., from Senegal. 
 
 CII. Hydrocharide^. 
 
 1. Vallisneria spiralis, Linn. ? — Sierra Leone, deep in the water, 
 Don. There is no fructification on the specimens. 
 The extraordinary paucity of aquatic plants in all col- 
 lections from West Tropical Africa, as compared with other 
 Tropical regions, may be owing rather to the inattention of 
 collectors, ;md the difficulty of gathering them without a longer 
 stay in the country than the climate permits, than to any real 
 deficiency of vegetation in these waters. 
 
 CUT. BURMANNIACE^. 
 
 1. Jyictyostegia longistyla, Benth. ; caule erecto simplici, flori- 
 bus solitariis pluribusve laxe cymosis v. unilateraliter race- 
 mosis, stylo ])erianthium subtequante, ovario ecostato.— On 
 the Nun, growing apparently on dead roots, Vogel. 
 
 Herba tenera, alba, 3-6-pollicans, Dictyostegiis Ameiicanis 
 snnillima. Folia squamseformia, pauca, erecto-patentia, semi- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 529 
 
 lineam longa. Tnjlorescentia revera cymosa centrifuga, cyma 
 tamen nunc ad florem terminalem reducta, nunc bifida 4-flora 
 flore alari deficiente, nunc floribus alaribus solis evolutis et 
 ramo altero cujusve bifurcationis abortiente in racemum uni- 
 lateralem mutata, pedicellis bractese oppositis. Flores mag- 
 nitudine et forma D. orobanchoidis, at erecti videntur, lobis 
 alternis perianthii minimis. Stamina eadem. Stylus multo 
 longior^ apice dilatatus et trifidus^ lobis stigmatosis bifidis. 
 Ca])sula apice subvalvatim debiscere videtur^ seminibus plu- 
 rimis placentis 3 parietalibus affixis. 
 
 CIV. Orchide^. 
 
 The difficulty of drying plants which require any extra care 
 in the operation, during the hasty visits to the hot damp 
 regions of West^Tropical Africa, has probably been the cause of 
 the paucity of thick -leaved Monocotyledonece in general, and of 
 Oj'chidea in particular, in all collections brought from thence. 
 Vogel says, in his Journal, that Orchide<s are frequent in 
 Sierra Leone, and that he saw more than thirty species at 
 one time at Mr. Whitfield's, which that collector meant to take 
 to Europe, I cannot, however, find any record of more than 
 twenty-six already published from the whole region, of which at 
 least half-a-dozen are very doubtful. Of the collections before 
 us, Don's contains the Polystachya puberula, Lindl., Eulophia 
 lurida, Lindl., and two specimens without flowers, not determi- 
 nable ; Vogel's has the Ansellia Africana, Lindl., Eulophia 
 Guineensis, Lindl., or a species closely allied to it ; a new Lis- 
 sochilus, described below, and three undeterminable specimens. 
 The published species, as far as I can collect from the very 
 irregular manner in which garden plants are described in 
 periodicals of all kinds, are the following : 
 
 Megacliniumyrt/ca/Mm, Lindl., Sierra Leone; M. maximum, 
 Lindl., Sierra Leone; M. velutinum, Lindl., Cape Coast. 
 
 Bolbophyllum recurvum, Lindl., Sierra Leone and Rio Ja- 
 neiro ; B. tetragonum, Lindl., B. ? pumilum, Lindl., and B. ? 
 galeatum, Lindl., Sierra Leone. 
 
 M M 
 
530 FLORA NIGRTTIANA. 
 
 Polystachya puherula, Lindl., and P. affinis, Lindl., both 
 from Sierra Leone, and both probably varieties of one sjjecies, 
 as the specimen in the Horticultui*al Society's herbarium is 
 branched, as in P. puberula, with the broad leaves of P. affinis. 
 
 Dendrobium ? paniculatum, Sw., and D. ? roseum, Sw;, Sierra 
 Leone, both very doubtful. 
 
 Ansellia Africana, Lindl., Fernando Po, Vogel and Ansell. 
 
 Eulophia lurida, Lindl., Sierra Leone ; E. Gtiineensis, Lindl., 
 Sierra Leone, and apparently the same species, on the Quorra, 
 Vogel; E. articulata, Lindl., Guinea. 
 
 Limodorum cristatum, Afz., and L. cucullatum, Afz., Sierra 
 Leone, both to be excluded from Limodorum, but doubtful 
 as to what genus they should be referred to. 
 
 Galeandra gracilis, Lindl., and G. extinctoria, Lindl., Sierra 
 Leone. 
 
 Lissochilus macranthus, Lindl., Boney. 
 
 Lissochilus longifolius, Benth. ; foliis carinatis longe lineari- 
 lanceolatis, scapo radicali 6-9-floro, bracteis pedicello multo bre- 
 vioribus, sepalis lineari-cuneatis obtusis reflexis sequalibus, pe- 
 talis ovato-oblongis obtusissimis, labello sublibero basi infundi- 
 bulari, lobis lateralibus abbreviatis iutermedio ovato obtusissimo 
 margine undulato medio basi lineis longitudinalibus cristato. — 
 Grand Bassa, in open meadow-like morasses, Vogel. 
 
 Scapus pedalis, racemo laxo ovariis longe pediccllatis, bractea 
 ovata v, lanceolata vix 2 lin. longa. Sepala 6 lin. longa, vLx 
 lineam lata, basi angustata. Petala iis requilonga, scd triplo 
 latiora et consistentia multo tenuiora. Linese lahelli fimbriis 
 numerosis cristatfe. 
 
 Zygopetalum Africanum, Hook., Sierra Leone. 
 
 Gymnadenia macrantha, Lindl., Sierra Leone. 
 
 Habenaria ichneumonea, Lindl., Sierra Leone ; H. membra- 
 wacea, Lindl., Sierra Leone; H.Jilicornis,Jjmd\., Guinea; H. 
 procera, Lindl., Sierra Leone. 
 
 CV. SciTAMINEiE. 
 
 1. Canna Otnentalis, Rose. — Bouch. Linnaa, 8. p. 152. et 18. 
 p. 490. — Sierra Leone, Don, Vogel, perhaps cultivated. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 531 
 
 1. Maranta arundinacea, Linn. — Cultivated at Cape Coast? 
 Vogel. 
 
 2. Maranta ? br achy st achy s, Benth. ; culmo basi vaginato apice 
 mouophyllo ad basin petioli elongati lateraliter florifero, spicis 
 brevibus distichis subternis, bacca disperma. — Grand Bassa, 
 Cape Palmas, and on the Nun, Vogel ; St. Thomas, (a leaf 
 only), Don. 
 
 Culmi crassi, subcompressi, 1-2-pedales, basi vaginis 1-2 arete 
 appressis inclusi. Folium ample ovatum v. oblongura ; pe- 
 tiolus 6-9-pollicaris, erectus et cum culmo subcontinuus, basi 
 hinc breviter fissus inflorescentiam vaginans, dein clausus 
 subteres intus cavus, superne breviter solidus ; lamina 8-10- 
 pollicaris, brevissime acuminata, basi acuta, consistentia et 
 venatione Phryniorum. Spica intermedia bipollicaris, laterales 
 breviores ; rhachis ssepe pubescens ; spiculae sessiles, pluriflorse. 
 Bractea imbricatae, interiores exterioribus breviores. Pedicelli 
 (1-2-flori?) bracteas subsequantes. Flares desunt. Bacca 
 magnitudine Cerasi, rubra ex Vog., abortu bilocularis (loculo 
 tertio minimo vacuo). Semina subglobosa, albumine albo 
 fere osseo. 
 I have referred this to Maranta on account of the baccate 
 
 fruit ; possibly when the flower is known it may prove to belong 
 
 to some new genus. 
 
 There is a Maranta cuspidata, published by Roscoe, from 
 
 Sierra Leone, but not in our collections. 
 
 1. Phrynium flexuoswn, Benth.; culmo foliato, foliis longe 
 petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis, racemis gracilibus ramosis, ovario 
 villosissimo, sepalis lanceolatis, staminodiis 2 unguiculatis 
 latissimis, tertio erecto concavo obtuse subtrilobo, intimis 
 erectis angustis apice cucuUatis bre\'iter connatis altero hinc 
 antherifero. — ]\Iaranta flexuosa, Don, in Herb. Soc. Hart. 
 Lond. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Specimina adsunt (culmi summitates ?) pedalia, 1-2-foliata. Pe- 
 tioli basi vaginantes, medio teretes cavi, apice breviter solidi. 
 Folia ipsa 6-10-pollicaria, basi obtusa. Racemus semipedalis 
 v. longior, basi ramo uno alterove instiaictus. Bractea dissitse, 
 distichc polbcares, internodiis paullo lougiores, cauli sub- 
 
 M M 2 
 
532 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 appressjfi. Pedicelli sfepius biilori. Ovarium globosum, pilis 
 longis mollibus dense vestitum. Sepala 4-4^ lin. louga, 
 acutissima. Petala tubo stamineo breviter adnata, sepalis 
 duplo longiora, superne reliexo-patentia. Tubus stamineus 
 sepala sequans; starainodia petaliformia (corolla interna et 
 nectarium sen labellum auct.) 2 exteriora patentia lamina lata 
 una ab altera dissimili, csetera erecta et minus connata quam 
 in plerisque speciebus, forma valde irregulari. Stylus colum- 
 naris, apice reflexus concavo-dilatatus et lamina brevi auctus 
 quasi bilobus. Ovula in loculis ovuli solitaria, erecta. Cap- 
 sulam maturam non vidi, junior sicca est et facillime in val- 
 vulas 3 separatur. 
 
 2. Phrynium ramosissimum, Benth. ; culmo ramosissimo foliate, 
 foliis supra vaginas breviter petiolatis ovali-oblongis, racemis 
 terminalibus subsimplicibus, ovario pubescente, sepalis lanceo- 
 latis, staminodiis 2 vix uuguiculatis ovato-oblongis basi conna- 
 tis, tertio brevi latissimo, intimis ercctis angustis apice cucul- 
 latis altecounatis altero hinc antlierifero. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Culmi brachiato-ramosissimi, 2-3-pedales (ex Vog.), vaginis 
 foliorum plus minus obtecti, ad nodos sjepe puberuli, c?cterum 
 planta glabra. Folia semipedalia ad pedalia, anguste et 
 abrupte acuminata, basi obtusa, petiolo longe vaginantc, dein 
 brevissime cavo, parte solida vix pollicari. Injiorescentia P. 
 flexuosi, nisi brevior, simplicior, bracteis longioribus. Flores 
 ejusdem magnitudine. Petala tubo stamineo alte connata. 
 Stylus P. flexuosi. Capsula obovoidea, trivalvis, fere glabra. 
 
 3. Phrynium ^/i/>e5, Benth. ; culmo ramoso foliato, foliis supra 
 vaginam brevissime petiolatis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis cuspi- 
 datis, racemis gracilibus paniculato-ramosis paucifloris, pe- 
 dunculis bracteas superantibus, floribus parvis, ovario pube- 
 scente, sepalis lanceolatis, staminodiis omnibus apice concavis 
 cucullatisve, 2 obovatis, tertio valde difformi bilobo, intimis 
 angustis, antherre filamento sublibero. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Rhizoma e tuberibus pluribus horizontaliter dispositis compo- 
 situs, fibris elongatis intermixtis. Culmi herbacei, suberecti, 
 brachiato-ramosi, 2-4-pcdales, vaginis foliorum fere obtecti. 
 Folia 4-5 poll, longa, cuspide ssepe semipollicari ; petiolo 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 533 
 
 supra vaginam longam 1-2 liu. longo. Panicula ex apice 
 vaginse foliis sunimi exserta, folio brevior. Bractece au- 
 gustse, pollicares, patentes. Pedunculi filiformes^ plerique 
 biflori. Flores omnium minimi. Sepala 1^ lin. longa, 
 acuta, striata. Petala tubo stamineo breviter adnata, 
 sepalis subdimidio longiora. Tubus stamineus lineam lon- 
 gus. Siaminodia 2 exteriora obovata, breviter unguicu- 
 lata, obliqua, apice concava subcucullata, uno altero paullo 
 majore; tertium carinato-concavum, lobo majore apice con- 
 cavo, minore piano intus tamen sub apice transverse ap- 
 pendiculato, 2 interiora valde insequalia, lineari-cuneata, 
 altero apice cucullato. Anthera unilocularis, filamento ad 
 apicem tubi staminei inserto. Stylus columnaris, apice cu- 
 cullato-incurvTis. Capsula obovoideo-triquetra, pallide lutea, 
 trilocularis, trivalvis, rarius loculo uno alterove abortiente. 
 Seniina in loculis solitaria, globoso-triquetra, badia, Isevia, 
 breviter arillata. 
 
 The genus Phrynium, to include the above three species, 
 must also comprehend the greater number of the Calathea of 
 modern authors, though perhaps not the original Calathea of 
 G. F. W. Meyer, if correctly described. The petaloid sterile 
 stamens or siaminodia of Nees (inner corolla, nectarium and 
 labellum of other authors) are always very irregular in their 
 form, size and degree of connection with each other and with 
 the fertile stamen, very difficult to observe accurately in dried 
 specimens, and consequently only well known in a very few 
 species, scarcely ever similar in two different species, and appa- 
 rently variable in some cases, in different flowers in one species. 
 These differences cannot therefore be available for generic dis- 
 tinctions, and all the Cantiece with 3-celled ovaries, solitary 
 ovules, columnar style and 3-valved capsule may be referred to 
 Phrynium. The inflorescence, which will be most probably 
 found to be connected with other differences, will characterize 
 the most natural sectional groups. 
 
 There are two other specimens without flowers which may 
 possibly be species of Phrynium, one from Sierra Leone in 
 Don's collection, in leaf only ; the other, gathered at Aboh 
 
534 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 by Vogelj has a three-valvcd, three-celled capsule, echinate, like 
 those of a Carina, but with single black arillate seeds iu each cell. 
 1. Costus afer, Ker. Bot. Reg. t. 683. — C. Arabicus, Schimi. et 
 
 Thonn. Beskr. p. 394 ? — Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don ; Aboh, 
 
 Vogel ; both the smooth and the hairy varieties from both 
 
 localities. 
 1. Amomum grana-paradisi, Linn. — Afz.inRcem. Schult. Syst. 
 
 Mant. 1. j9. 36 ? Grand Bassa and Aboh, a common plant, 
 
 Vogel. (Guinea Pepper).* 
 
 These specimens, as far as can be ascertained in the dried 
 state, where the texture of the flowers is so very delicate, 
 agree with the plant which Afzelius describes under the 
 above name as the common Amonum of the Guinea Coast, 
 except that the flowering scape varies from an inch to near 
 a foot in height, bearing at its summit several large white 
 flowers, tinged with purple towards the apex, and the pulpous 
 fruit (perhaps not yet ripe) is not above 1^ in. long. 
 
 The other West Tropical African Scitaminea are : Amomum 
 grandijlorum, Sm., A. Afzelii, Rose, A. latifolium, Afz., and 
 Zingiber dubium, Afz., all from Sierra Leone ; and Schumacher 
 and Thonniug mention the Zingiber officinale, Rose, and Cur- 
 cuma longa, Willd., as cultivated. 
 
 CVL Iride^. 
 
 Of this Order there are not as yet, as far as I am aware, any 
 species published from West Tropical Africa, and I have seen 
 specimens of but one species, gathered south of the Line by 
 Curror. It belongs apparently to some unpublished genus 
 allied to Gladiolus, but the flowers are too rotten for exami- 
 nation. There is also in Don^s Sierra Leone collection a frag- 
 ment of another plant, but it has the appearance of a Cape 
 species, probably from some garden. 
 
 CVTL Amaryllide^. 
 
 There are no specimens in the collection, and the following 
 are the only species recorded from the region. Hcemanthus 
 
 * See below a note in the Addenda. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 535 
 
 multiflorus, Mart, et Nodd., from Sierra Leone ; H. cruentatus* 
 Schum. et Thonn,, from Guinea, very probably the same 
 species ; Crinum purpurascens. Herb., from Fernando Po, C. 
 Broussoneti, Herb., and C. distichum, Herb., from Sierra Leone ; 
 C. petiolatum spectabile, Herb., from St. Thomas ; Amaryllis 
 nivea and A. trigona, Sebum, et Thonn., from Guinea, both 
 evidently Crina, and possibly the same as some of Herbert's 
 species, and lastly, Gethyllis pilosa, Schum. et Thonn., which 
 from the description must be a Curculigo, or some allied plant. 
 
 CVIII. Bromeliace^. 
 
 The Pine-api3le is said to be common on the Guinea Coast, 
 wild as well as cultivated. 
 
 CIX.? Taccace^. 
 
 1. Tacca involucrata, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 177. — Cape 
 
 Coast, Don. 
 
 This species is very near to T. pinnatijida, it only differs from 
 the ordinary forms of that species by the admixture of a number 
 of small round or blunt oval segments of the leaves amongst the 
 larger ones, and even these are less pointed than usual. A 
 similar form, but with much larger and more divided leaves was 
 gathered in the Mozambique by Forbes. 
 
 ex. DlOSCORIDE^. 
 
 1. Dioscorea (Amphistemon) latifolia, Benth. ; glabra, bulbi- 
 fera, foliis alternis sinu lato cordatis longe cuspidatis 7-9- 
 nervibus transverse venulosis punctis oblongis pellucidis, 
 spicis gracillibus subfasciculatis masculis subramosis, floribus 
 solitariis sessilibus bracteatis unibracteolatisque, perianthio 
 sexpartito, antheris filamento pequilongis. — On the Nun 
 River, Vogel, (male specimens) ; and probably the same 
 species. Sierra Leone, Don, (female specimen.) 
 
 Caules teretes, inermes, volubiles. Folia longiuscule petiolata, 
 circa 3 poll, longa et sajpius longitudine sua latiora, auriculis 
 
536 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 baseos rotundatis sinu late aperto^ cuspide apicis 6-12 lin. 
 longo. Sfiicce masculce folia vix superantes, fere a basi fioriferse. 
 Bractea perianthio brevior^ basi dilatata, acute cuspidata. 
 Bracteolam unicam tantum vidi ad unum latus perianthii et 
 bsec ad flores ultimos minima est. Perianthium lineam Ion- 
 gum, tubo brevissimo, laciniis angustis, exterioribus paullo 
 latioribus, interiores taraen non omnino occultantibus. Sta- 
 mina laciniis breviora, ad basin perianthii inserta. Ovarii 
 rudimentum parvum. Spicce fceminece, (in specimine Doniano 
 ut videtur ejusdem specie) 8-10 poll, longse^ floribus dissitis 
 solitariis axi fere appressis, perianthii laciniis iis marium si- 
 milibus. Ovarium per anthesin vix lineam longum, mox 
 elongatur, fructum tamen non vidi. 
 
 2. Dioscorea (Amphistemon) prcehensilis, Benth. ; glabra, acu- 
 leata, ramulis subteretibus, foliis plcrisque oppositis ovatis ro- 
 tundatisve cuspidatis basi sinu lato hastato-cordatis v. summis 
 rotundatis 5-7-9-nervibus, venis rcticulatis paucisve trans- 
 versis, adultis opacis impuuetatis, spicis masculis simplicibus 
 fasciculatis folium raro superantibus, floribus sessilibus soli- 
 tariis, perigonii laciniis lato-ovatis. — Sierra Leone, Don, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Fruiex scandens, I'amulis hinc inde compressis, demum striatulis, 
 ssepe glaucis, aculeis rccurvis crebris rarisve. Folia forma 
 variabilia, sed uunquam profunde cordata et ssepe basi in 
 formam hastatam vergentia, 2-3 poll. v. rarius fere 4 poll, 
 longa, novella punctis paucis oblongis pellucidis mox evanidis 
 notata, rigidule membranacea; venulse inter costas nunc 
 omnes reticulato-ramosse, nunc paucse a costa ad costam 
 transversa; ; petiolus longiusculus limbo tamen brevior, ima 
 basi auriculato-deutatus v. nudus. Spiae masculce tenucs, 
 bipollicares, omnes simplices et fasciculatse, sed interdum 
 (ramulo florifero axillari aphyllo) in paniculas axillares dispo- 
 sitaj. Bractea ovata acuta, perianthio brevior, bracteola adhuc 
 minor. Perianthium | lin. diametro, laciniis 3 exterioribus 
 orbiculato-concavis ajstivatione valde imbricatis, interiores om- 
 nino occultantibus, his lato ovatis, aistivatione subvalvatis v. 
 angustissime imbricatis. Stamina in centro floris biseriata, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 537 
 
 perianthii dimidium sequantia, antheris ovato-oblongis con- 
 tiguis erectis filamento sublongioribus. Stirps foeminea non 
 visa. 
 
 3. Dioscorea Cayennensis, Lam. — Griseb. in Endl. et Mart. Fl. 
 Bras. Diusc. p. 33 ? — Cultivated on the Nun and Quorra 
 riversj where the bulbs (tubers ?) are the size of a Horse- 
 chestnut, but compressed, {Vogel.) 
 
 These specimens, nearly allied to the preceding species, have 
 however longer male spikes always solitary in the axils, and the 
 stems scarcely prickly or only in the lower part. They agree 
 with some old West Indian specimens of a Dioscorea, which 
 appears to me to be the D. rotundata, Poit. Diet. Suppl. 3. p. 
 139, and answer in every respect to Grisebach's more accurate 
 character of D. Cayennensis, except that, as in other allied 
 species, I find only one bracteola besides the subtending bract 
 to each flower, or two in the whole, not three. 
 
 4. Dioscorea hirtiflora, Benth. ; caule striato puberulo, foliis 
 alternis cordato-orbiculatis subreniformibusve acute cuspidatis 
 membranaceis 5-7-nervibus reticulato-venosis supra glabris 
 subtus stellato-pubescentibus, spicis masculis laxis subsimpli- 
 cibus fasciculatis hirtis, floribus solitariis subpedicellatis, pe- 
 rianthio 6-partito, staminibus fertilibus 3 brevibus, sterilibus 
 3 filiformibus ovarii rudimentum trifidum sequantibus. — On 
 the Quorra, opposite Stirling, Vogel. 
 
 Ramuli tenues, ut videtur inermes, pilis brevibus fuscis fascicu- 
 latis ramosisve conspersi v. glabrati. JFb/m longiuscule petio- 
 lata, 1^-2 poll, longa, et stepe longitudine sua latiora, cuspide 
 apicis acutissimo, auriculis baseos rotundatis, sinu in novellis 
 angusto in adultis lato ; vense parum conspicuse ; punctse 
 pellucidse in junioribus lineares, demum obscurata^. Spicce 
 masculce graciles, l|-2-pollicares, rhachide floribusque pilis 
 stellulatis canescentibus. Flares demum dissiti, bractea an- 
 gusta acutissima, bracteola minuta, apertos non vidi, ala- 
 bastrum f lin. longum. Perianthii lacinise 3 extei'iores 
 ovatse, extus hirtse ; 3 interiores angustse, glabrae, consistentia 
 multo tenuiore. Stamina fcrtilia ad basin perianthii cum 
 laciniis interioribus alter nantia, filamentis brevissimis, an- 
 
538 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 theris subglobosis ; sterilia inteviora liliformia, fertilibus lon- 
 giora, infra apicem articulata. Ovarii rudimeutum divisum 
 in lacinias tres filiformes staminodia sequantes et iis sub- 
 similes nisi continuas. In parte inferiore spicarum adsunt 
 interdum llores nonnulli imperfecte hermaphroditi, ovario 
 infero, ovula nonnulla contineute, perianthii laciniis stami- 
 nibus stylisque imperfectis coronato. Stirpsfoeminea baud visa. 
 Tbe species is not referrible to any of GrisebacVs S. American 
 sections. 
 
 5. Dioscorea rubiginosa, Benth. ; foliis altcrnis late cordatis 
 subcuspidatis 7-9-nervibus supra glabris subtus caule inflo- 
 rescentiaque ferrugineo-tomentosis, spicis foemineis fascicu- 
 latis. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Specimen unicum fcemineum ab omnibus a me cognitis tomento 
 brevi ferrugineo (e pilis stellatis composite) distinctum. Folia 
 caulina 3-4-pollicaria, floralia dimidio minora. Spicce 3-4- 
 pollicares. Flores dissiti, sessiles, bractea parva lata cuspi- 
 data, bracteola minima oblonga. Ovarium per anthesin 1^ 
 lin. longum, obtuse trigonum, intus incomplete triloculare, 
 placentis 3 linearibus utrinque uniovulatis perianthii laciniis 
 interioribus oppositis. Stylus basi breviter simplex erectus, 
 dein divisus in lobos 3 cum placentis altemantes recurvos 
 breves canaliculato-dilatatos apice emarginatos laciniis pe- 
 rianthii breviores. Pei^ianthii lacinise extus tomentosse, 
 exteriores ovatse, interiores angustiores. 
 
 6. Dioscorea daemona, Roxb. Fl. Tnd. 3. p. 805. — Wight, Ic. t. 
 811. — D. virosa, Wall.? — Aguapim, Vogel ; a single spe- 
 cimen, with young male inflorescence, apparently the same as 
 the wdely diffused East Indian plant. 
 
 7. Dioscorea vespertilio, Benth. ; glaberrima, foliis trisectis seg- 
 mentis petiolulatis obovali-oblougis obtusissimis subcoriaceis 
 nitidis, fructus alis 2 latissime expansis transverse ovato- 
 oblongis rigide membranaceis, tertia angustissima v. costse- 
 fornii. — Sierra Leone, Don ; a single specimen, in leaf, with 
 a few loose fruits. 
 
 Tota glaberrima et Isevis, siccitate glauco-nigricans, quodam- 
 modo Stauntoniam refercus. Petioli alterni, subtripollicares. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 539 
 
 apice divisi in petiolulos tres semipollicares ; infra petiolura 
 
 adest ssepe mucro brevis recurva. Foliorum segmenta 3-3 
 
 poll, longa, supra medium 1-li poll, lata^ basi et apice 
 
 obtusa^ margine recurva, sub lente minutissime et creberrime 
 
 pellucido-punctata : costa media venseque ab ea divergeutes 
 
 1-2, alternse, subtus prominentes ; venae 2 oppositse tenuiores 
 
 ad basin costse medise convergentes ; venulse reticulatse sub- 
 
 transversseque. Inflo7'escentia eijlores desunt. Capsulce axis 
 
 1-1 5 poll, longa; alse horizontaliter divergentes, 1^ poll. 
 
 longaj, parallele venosse. Semina non vidi. 
 
 There are besides, in Don^s collection from Sierra Leone, 
 
 some bunches of capsules of a Dioscorea, possibly one of those 
 
 above-described, but there are no leaves to identify them ; and 
 
 the D. alata, Linn, and D. sativa, Linn, are both, according to 
 
 Thonning, in cultivation. 
 
 CXI. LiLIACEiE. 
 
 1. Gloriosa superha, Linn. ; var petalis apice tantum undulatis. 
 
 — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 The foliage is exactly like that of the Indian G. superha, and 
 of the Mascarene (not W. African) G. virescens, Lindl. The 
 flower is fully as large as in G. superha, yellow when young, 
 red after it is fully out, according to Vogel. Forbes^s Mada- 
 gascar specimen of G. virescens is bad, and has two flowers, the 
 one young, apparently about the size represented in the Bota- 
 nical Magazine, the other, more developed, fully as large as the 
 East Indian ones, but not so undulate. Lamark describes a 
 Senegalese form, with petals broader than any I have seen. 
 Schumacher and Thonning describe a G. angulata, from Guinea, 
 with petals pubescent at the apex, his other character, the 
 angularly compressed stem, frequently occurring in all the 
 varieties. There is, moreover, a South African form, gathered 
 by Drege, and referred to G. virescens by Kunth, which I have 
 not seen. Whether all these be mere varieties of G. superha, 
 or whether any or all the African ones may belong to a distinct 
 species, and if so, what are its geographical limits, can only be 
 determined from better materials than we possess at present. 
 
540 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 Of the tribe of Asphodelece there are but two specimens, both 
 without flowers, in the collections ; one from Sierra Leone, 
 Don, may be the Chlorophytum orchidastrum, Lindl., the other 
 from Grand Bassa, Vogel, is wholly indeterminable. The pub- 
 lished West Tropical African species arc : Urginea Senegalensis, 
 Kunth., Senegal ; Chloroj)hytum inornatum, Ker., and C. or- 
 chidastrum, Lindl., Sierra Leone; Allium Guineense, Schura. 
 et Thonu., Ornithogatum ensifolium, Schum. et Thonn., Aloe 
 picta, Thunb., and Sanseviera Guineensis, Willd., all from 
 Guinea. 
 
 There are two specimens of Asparagus in VogePs collection, 
 both without flowers or fruit, and almost all the leaves loose; 
 the one appears to be the East Indian A. falcatus, Linn., or a 
 species closely allied to it; the other is very near to the A. 
 retrofracta and A. Asiatica. 
 
 The Dracaena fragr arts, Ker., from Sierra Leone and Guinea, 
 D. ovata, Ker., from Sierra Leone ; and Dianella triandra, 
 Afz., {Duchekia, Kostel,), from Sierra Leone, complete the list 
 of known W. African species of this generally extensive Order, 
 which w^ould probably have furnished us with many more from 
 this country, were they easier to collect and to dry. 
 
 CXIL Melanthace^. 
 
 Schumacher and Thonning have published a Helonias Gui- 
 neensis, not taken up by subsequent authors. Judging from 
 the description, it is not a Helonias, but belongs to some 
 genus, perhaps new, of the tribe Melanthiece. 
 
 CXIIL JuNCEiE. 
 
 1. Flagcllaria Indica, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 3. p. 370. — F. 
 Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 181. — Cape Coast, 
 Vogel, Don ; a common East Indian and Tropical African 
 plant. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 541 
 
 CXIV. CoMMELYNEiE. 
 
 1. Commelyna communis, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 4^. p. 36, — On 
 the Quorra, at Stirling, AnselL — This single specimen is the 
 only one agreeing with the Eastern form described with 
 unilateral pubescence on the stem. 
 
 2. Commelyna agraria, Kunth, Enum. 4. p. 38, — Sierra Leone, 
 and on the Quorra, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don ; agreeing well 
 with Kunth^s description as well as with American specimens, 
 and apparently as common in West Tropical Africa as in 
 Tropical America.* 
 
 3. Commelyna sp. — A single specimen, without any station 
 given, but a memorandum of VogeFs stating that the flowers 
 are yellowish. The sheaths of the leaves are covered with 
 long hairs ; in other respects it agrees with C. agraria. 
 
 4. Commelyna Bengalensis, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 4. p. 50. — 
 On the Quorra, at Stirling, AnselL 
 
 5. Commelyna capitata, Benth. ; caule repente minute scabro- 
 puberulo, foliis subsessilibus ovato- v. oblongo-lanceolatis 
 puberulis glabratisve, vaginis ore rufo-ciliatis, spathis turbi- 
 nato-cucullatis in capitulum terminalem aggregatis margine 
 rufo-ciliatis, pedunculis geminis altero incluso 3-4-floro, al- 
 tero exserto unifloro. — Cape Palmas, Vogel. 
 
 Ab affinibus distinguitur pilis ad margines spatharum nume- 
 rosis et in spathas ipsas sparsis, et spathis 4-5 in capitulum 
 sessilem v. pedunculatum confertis. Folia dissita, latitudine 
 varia. Sepala lata, tenuiter membranacea, eglandulosa. Pe- 
 talum impar late ovatum. Capsulee valvule crassiusculse nee 
 nitidse nee striatse. 
 
 6. Commelyna sulcata, Willd. — Kunth, Enum. 4. p. 56. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Accra and Fernando Po, Vogel. Flowers 
 blue or white. 
 
 7. Commelyna nigritana, Benth. ; caulibus basi repentibus mi- 
 nute puberulis glabratisve, foliis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis, 
 vaginis ore hirtellis, spathis oppositifoliis breviter pedunculatis 
 
 * Since the above was written I have had before me a number of East 
 India specimens, which lead me to doubt whether the C. agraria be 
 really distinct from C. commvnis. 
 
542 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 cucullatis acuminatis hirtellis, pcduuculis solitariis 3-4-floris 
 (sterili nullo ?), sepalis glanduloso-lineolatis, (petalo imparl ob- 
 longo ?) — On the Quorra, at Attah, Vogel. 
 
 Caules semipedales ad pedalcs. Folia 2-3 poll, longa, circitcr 
 2 liu. lata. Pedunculi puberuli, 3-4 lia. longi. Spaiha re- 
 flexae, semipollicares, extus pilis minutis hirtellse et prope 
 basin aliis majoribus subpaleaceis hispidce. Flores inclusi, 
 parvi. Petala 2, longe unguiculata, calyce subtriplo longiora, 
 angusta ; tertium breve sessile. 
 The specimens are very rotten, and I could only examine one 
 
 imperfect flower. 
 
 8. Commelyua aspera, G. Don, in Herb. Soc. Hort. Lond. ; 
 caulibus repentibus glabris, foliis lanceolatis v. lineari-lanceo- 
 latis supra v. utrinque scabro-hirtellis, spathis subsessilibus 
 ad apicem caulis confertis turbinato-cucullatis acuminatis 
 extus pilosis, sepalis glabris, (petalo imparl ovato ?) — Accra, 
 Don ; Confluence of the Niger, Vogel. 
 This may possibly be a mere variety of the American C. ele- 
 
 gans, Kunth. 
 
 There are two other West African species described, C um- 
 
 bellata, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, which must be very 
 
 near our C. Nigritana, although the description does not quite 
 
 agree, and the Arabian C. Forskalei, which is indicated also 
 
 from Senegambia. 
 
 1. Cyanotis lanata, Benth. ; foliis lanceolatis linearibusve in- 
 florescentiis caulcque laxe sericeo-lanatis, spicis latcralibus ter- 
 minalibusque subgeminis, bracteolis falcato-lanceolatis, se- 
 palis pilosissimis, corolla infundibulari triloba, staminibus vix 
 exsertis. — Savannahs on the Quorra, at Addaenda and Patteh, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Caules pedales v. longiores, difi'usi, subramosi. Pili molles, 
 albidi, laxe sericei, ad nodos et vaginas copiosi, in caule 
 foliisque rariores, demum subevanidi. Folia 2-3-pollicaria. 
 Capitula e spicis geminis formata, pleraquc terminalia, ad- 
 jecto nonnunquam altero axillari. Folia floralia coiuplicata, 
 inferius ssepe caulinis conformc, alterum brevius, Injiores- 
 centia C. cristata, sed bractefc angustiorcs valde falcat<e. 
 Sepala 2 lin. longa, lanceolata, pilis longis copiosis ciliata. 
 
FLORA NTGRITIANA. 543 
 
 Corolla glabra (ex Vog. intense coerulea), tubo calyce paullo 
 longiore, limbi laciniis subsequalibus. Capsula calycem sub- 
 jequans, punctis paucis nigris notata, ad angulos et apice pilis 
 longis ciliata. Semina foveolato-rugosa. 
 
 2. Cyanotis longifolia, Bentli. ; foliis subradicalibus lineari- 
 lanceolatis molliter pilosissimis, scapo subnudo foliis longiore, 
 spicis geminis altero breviter altero longius pedunculatis folio 
 flovali fultis, bracteis falcatis pilosiusculis. — CongOj south of 
 the Line, Curror. 
 
 Folia 4-6 poll, longa, basi breviter vaginantia, svibcsespitosa. 
 Scapus folia longiora breviter superans, parce subunilateraliter 
 pilosus, prseter folium unicum pollicare ad ortum peduucu- 
 lorum aphyllus. Pedunculus alter altero duplo triplove 
 longior. Spicte C. cristata, nisi minores. Sepala lineari- 
 lanceolata, longe pilosa. Corolla breviter infundibularis. 
 Filamenta exserta, apice dense barbata. 
 
 PoLYSPATHA, gen. nov. 
 
 Flores irregulares. Sspala navicularia, imparl duplo latiore, 
 persistentia. Petala libera, 2 (v. 3 ?) longissime unguiculata, 
 lamina tenuissima, (imparl latiore brevi ?) Stamina 3 ; an- 
 therse sequales oblongse, loculis connectivo angustissimojunctis 
 (sterilia nulla). Ovarium sessile, biloculave, ovulis in loculo 
 solitariis. Capsula regulariter bivalvis, valvulis medio septi- 
 feris. Semina oblonga, lateraliter affixa, ventre longitudina- 
 liter costata, dorso umbilicato-depressa et radiatim multicos- 
 tata. — Inflorescentia : flores plures subsessiles intra spathas 
 (seu bracteas) complicatas secus ramos flexuosos paniculse 
 sessiles et reflexas. 
 
 1. Polyspatha paniculata, Benth. — In woods, Fernando Po, 
 Vogel. 
 
 Caulis basi prostratus, radicans, tum erectus, 1-2 pedes altus, 
 uti tota planta pube minuta scaber. Vagina pollicares, 
 laxse, ore breviter ciliato, inferiorum truncato, superiorum 
 obliquo. Folia subsemipedalia, ovata, acuminata et acuta, 
 basi in petiolum brevem angustata. Panicula terminalis. 
 
544 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 ramis simplicibus approximatis folio parvo fultis v. inferiori- 
 bus ex axillis foliorum caulinorum supcriorum natis, supremo 
 6-8 poll, longo, cseteris brevioribus ; rhacbis flexuosa, pii- 
 bescens. Spath<s 5-G-lin. longse, acuta, membranaceje, ci- 
 liat0e_, costatae, ad quemquam flexuram sessiles, in rhacbin arete 
 reflexse. Floras intra spatbam ssepius 4-5, bracteis parvis inter- 
 mixtis, e basi spatbse promiuentes. Sepala angusta, cirea 3 lin. 
 longa, extus pilosula, carinata et apice fere cucullata. Petala 
 consistentia ita tenui ut formam laminae in speciminibus siccis 
 baud rite observare potui. Stamina petalis requilonga. 
 Ovarium breve, glabrum. Stylus calyce duplo saltem lon- 
 gior, apice bis terve involutus, summo apice stigmatosus, 
 brevissime bifidus et leviter dilatatus. Capsula nitidula, 
 ovata, compressa, obtusissima, 2 lin. longa. 
 
 Palisota, Reichb., gen. nov. 
 
 Flores subirregulares. Sepala ovata, obtusa, impari parum ma- 
 jore. Petala sessilia, sepalis subsimilia iisque paullo lon- 
 giora. Stamina fertilia 3, petalis opposita, difformia; duo 
 brevia, filamentis filiformibus antbera oblonga vix longiori- 
 bus; tertium longius, filamcnto crasso antbera ovata pluries 
 longiore ; sterilia 2 (v. rarius 3 ?) brevia, ananthera, pilis 
 longis articulatis dense barbata. Ovarium sessile, 3-loculare, 
 loculis biseriatim 5-6-ovulatis. Stylus aj)ice simplex sub- 
 penicillato-stigmatosus. 
 
 1. Palisota thyrsiflora, Bentli. — Coramelyna arabigua, Pal. de 
 Beauv. FL Ow. et Ben. 1. p. 26. 1. 15. — Cape Palmas, Grand 
 Bassa and Fci'nando Po, Vogel; Benin. 
 
 Caulis basi decumbcns, dein adscendeus, ramosus, 2-6-pedalis, 
 glaber v. barbato-villosus. Folia conferta, nunc semipcdalia, 
 nunc sfcpius pedalia v. longiora, oblonga, acuminata, basi in 
 petiolum brcvem angustata, crassiuscula, supra glabra v. rarius 
 medium et basin versus barbata v. birta, subtus pallida, hirtella, 
 costa media uti petioli vaginaeque breves latae pilis longis dense 
 barbata. Thyrsi terminales, solitarii v. in axillis superiori- 
 bus pauci, folia subsequantcs, floribundi, basi bracteis non- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 545 
 
 nullis vag'inati, Brciciecs ad basin pcdunculorinn parvpe^ 
 membranacere, acuminatse, subcomplicatse, caducse. Pedun- 
 culi (ex Vog. albi) secus rhachin sparsi, horizontales, breves 
 {raro semipollicares) apice circinuatira 2-6-flori. Flores vix 
 2 lin. longi, glabri v. parce hirtelli, sepalis ex Vogel pallide, 
 petalis intensiuSj violaceis. Fructus maturum non vidi, 
 junior subscariosus videtur. 
 
 I have no doubt this is Beauvois' plant, notwithstanding the 
 discrepancies in the inflorescence and flowers. The remarkable 
 habit and most prominent points of structure cannot be mis- 
 taken. The bearded sterile stamens are probably what he 
 describes as numerous setre inserted amongst the stamens, and 
 as to inflorescence and colour, there are so many instances in 
 the work in question where, the very bad specimens preserved 
 afibrding no information as to these points, they were supplied 
 from recollection or conjecture, that we presume it to have been 
 the case with this plant, apparently not uncommon in the 
 region. The genus would perhaps come under Aneilema, taken 
 in its widest extent, but the habit is very difi'erent from that 
 of any of the somewhat heterogeneous groups of which that 
 genus is now composed. 
 
 1. Aneilema ovato-oblongum, Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. 2. j). 
 71. t. 104. /. 1?; scabro-puberulum, foliis brevipetiolatis 
 ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis, panicula laxa, sepalis glabris, 
 petalo imparl cseteris minore sessili, staminibus 3 fertilibus 
 insequalibus, filamentis 2 longioribus apice barbellatis, 2 
 (v. 3 ?) sterilibus, capsulis bilocularibus, loculis dispermis. — 
 Cape Palmas, Ansell ; on the Nun and in Fernando Po, 
 Vogel ; Benin. 
 
 This is quite near enough to Bcauvois^ figure to suggest 
 its being the same species, especially as it appears to have 
 a wide range, and to vary in the form of its leaves, and in 
 the presence or absence of long hairs and cilise. The petals, 
 according to Vogel, are white ; the deep blue colour given to 
 the flowers of all the Commeh/7iece figured by Beauvois, is 
 evidently a supposition of the artist. 
 
 N N 
 
546 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 2. Aneilema Bemnense, Kunth, Enum. p. 73. — Conimelyna 
 Benineusis, Pal. Beauv. Fl. Oio. et Ben. 2. p. 49. t. 87 ; 
 glabrum v. scabro-puberulum, foliis brevipctiolatis ovatis v. 
 ovato-lanceolatis, panicula densa, sepalis glabris, petalo im- 
 pai'i ceteris luinove sessili, staminibus 3 fertilibus insequalibus, 
 2 sterilibus, filamentis omnibus subimberbibus, capsulis bilo- 
 cularibus, loculis trisperrnis. — Cape Palmas, Ansell ; Grand 
 Bassa, Vogel. — (3. sessilifolium, vaginis elongatis, petiolis 
 brevissimis. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 3. Aneilema lanceolatum, Benth. ; scabro-puberulum, foliis 
 breve petiolatis anguste lanceolatis, panicula brevi densa, 
 sepalis glabris, petalo impai"i cseteris miuore sessili, stami- 
 nibus fertilibus 3 insequalibus, filamentis 2 longioribus apice 
 barbulatisj3 sterilibus, capsulis bilocularibus, loculis dispermis. 
 — On the Quorra, at Stirling, Ansell, Vogel. 
 
 Culmi basi decumbentes, radicantes, apice adscendentes, 1-2- 
 pedales. Folia 2-5 poll, longa, 2-7 lin. lata, acutiuscula, 
 basi vulgo ciliata. Panicula pedunculata, ovata, vix pollicaris, 
 cseterum ei A. Beninensi similis. 
 The above thi-ee species, with A. iimbrosum, Vahl, from 
 
 Guinea, (judging from Thonning's description), and A. 
 
 Dregeanum, Kunth, from South Africa, constitute, as suggested 
 
 by Kunth, a distinct group, either generic or sectional, to which 
 
 the following character may be assigned. 
 
 Flares irregulares, abortu ovarii superiorum cujusve pedunculi 
 polygami. Sepala 3, impari latiore concavo. Petala 3, im- 
 parl sessili, 2 nnguiculatis tcnuioribus. Stamina 3 fertilia, 
 filamentis 2 lateralibus longioribus apice barbulatis, tertio 
 glabro ; sterilia 2 v. 3 brevia glabra, anthera parva vacua. 
 Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis in quoque loculo 2 v. 3 super- 
 positis. Stylus simplex. Capsula clliptica, compressa, ob- 
 tusa, nitida, loculicide bivalvis. Semina angulata, rugosa. — 
 HerlxB Africans. Panicula simplices v. rarius subramosae, 
 pedunculatse. Bractea parvse, membranacese, concav?e. Pe- 
 dunculi patcntes, unilateraliter pluriflori, bracteolis parvis 
 orbiculatis persistentibas, floribus pedicellatis. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 547 
 
 4. Aneilema simplex, Kunth. Ennm. 4<. p. 71. — Accra, Don. — ■ 
 The specimen is very imperfect, but appears to belong to the 
 species described from Guinea by Vahl and Thonning. 
 The ^. Africanum, Beauv., and A. cequinoctiale, Beauv., both 
 
 from Benin, are not among our collections. 
 
 CXV. Restiace^. 
 
 1. Eriocaulon rivulare, G. Don, in Herb. Soc. Hort. Lond., 
 acaule, foliis lato-linearibus, vaginis glabris, pedunculis folia 
 superantibus, capitulis depresso-globosis albo-hirtis, bracteis 
 involucrantibus obovato-orbiculatis subhyalinis glabris sub- 
 ciliatisque capitulo multo brevioribus flores stipantibus cu- 
 neatis acutis floribusque apice ciliatis, floribus masculis hex- 
 andris, sepalis alte connatis, petalis uniglandulosis, foemineis 
 trigynis sepalis petalisque distinctis, seminibus leviter striatis 
 glabris. — In a rivulet near Freetown, Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Rhizoma simplex, crassum. Folia in aqua submersa, in altero 
 specimine 3-4 poll, longa, 2-3 lin. lata, in altero 8-10 poll, 
 longa, 3-4 lin. lata, subtiliter fenestrato-multinervia. Scapi 
 in sicco compressi et tenuiter striati, folia pauUo superantes. 
 Capitulum circa 4 lin. diametro, primo intuitu ei E. de- 
 cangularis simile. Bractece involucrantes pauciseriatse, pal- 
 lidse, fere hyalinse, | lin. longse, multo tenuiores et minus 
 conspicuse quam in speciebus affinibus Indicis; interiores 
 hyalinse, uti sepala petalaque apice pilis albis dense ciliatse, 
 flores sequantes, lineam longfe. Flores centrales masculi, in 
 ambitu foeminei pluriseriati, omnes breviter pedicellati. Se- 
 pala anguste cuneata, in medio stipite inserta, marium fere 
 ad apicem in calycem breviter trilobum connata, foeminum 
 distincta. Petala immediate sub genitalibus inserta, marium 
 starainibus breviora, foeminum longiora latioraque eglandu- 
 losa. Filamenta tria petalis opposita tribus alternis sub- 
 longiora; antherse globosse, didymse. Ovarivm sessile, stylo 
 ad medium trifido. Semina \ lin. longa. 
 
 2. Eriocaulon radicans, Benth. ; subacaule, foliis longe lineari- 
 bus gramineis intimo pedunculuni vaginante, capitulo hemi- 
 
 N N 2 
 
548 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 splirericOj squamis involucrantibus imbricatis latis obtusis 
 stramineis a])presse pubescentibus intimis radiantibws, flores 
 stipantibus hyalinis glabris denticulatis, floribus apice ciliatis 
 hexandris trigynisve, sepalis liberisj petalis glandula lineavi 
 marium alte connatis, fceminum apice conniventi-connatis. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Grand Bassa, Ansell ; south of the Line, 
 Curror. 
 Rhizoma breve, crassum, simplex v. apice pluriceps. Folia 
 semipedalia ad pedalia v. longiora, 2-5 lin. lata, rigidula, 
 opaca, tenuissime multinervia nee feuestrata, glabra v. hir- 
 suta. Pedunculus vulgo folia breviter superans, basi usque 
 ad tertiam fere longitudiuis folio intimo fere ad apicem con- 
 voluto vaginatus. Capitulum absque I'adio 4-5 lin. diametro, 
 squamis extei'ioribus involucri arete appressis rigidis, intimis 
 apice radiatim patentibus, lamina iuterdum subpetaloidea 
 nivea 3 lin. louga, in plcrisque tamen speciminibus multo 
 brevior, rarius vix conspicua. Bractece flores stipantes ovatse, 
 concavse, apice ssepius glabrae. Receptaculum setis longe 
 virentibus dense hirsutum. Flores breviter stipitati, invo- 
 lucrum (radio neglecto) subsequantes. Sepala in medio 
 stipite oblouga, hyalina, apice ciliata, foeminea masculis paullo 
 latiora. Petala in maribus in coroUam turbinato-tubulosam 
 apice ciliatam breviter trifidam connata, intus medio glandula 
 longiuscule lineari nigra niunita ; in foemineis angusta, basi 
 libera, superne tantuni in tubum brevem connata. Antherce 
 oblongo-sagittatse, corolla paullo breviores. Ovarium trique- 
 trum, stylo ad medium trifido. 
 
 The hairs of the leaves and the involucres, and the degree of 
 development of the radiating scales appear to be very variable, 
 possibly there may be more than one species, but the flowers 
 seeiB to be similar in the few specimens I have seen. The 
 leaves, involucres, bracts, &c., distinguish them all from E. 
 stellare, GuilL, and some other radiating Brazilian species which 
 resemble it in many points of structure of the flowers. 
 1. Xyris laxifolia, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 293. n. 547. — 
 Tropical Africa, south of the Line, Curror. 
 I cannot find the slightest difference between these and the 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 549 
 
 Brazilian specimens described by jNIartifis. They resemble in 
 every respect the common eastern X Indica, except in the oval 
 or oblong opaque spots on the otherwise shining scales of the 
 involucre. Kunth describes a X platicauUs, Voir., from the 
 Mam'itius and S. East Africa with the same opaque spot, but 
 that appears to be a much smaller plant. 
 
 The only species hitherto published as West Tropical African 
 is the X.filiformis, Lam., from Sierra Leone. 
 
 CXVI. Cyperace^e. 
 
 1. Cyperus /?o/y*/oc%M5, Rottb. — Kunth. Enwn. 2. p. 13. — 
 Cape Palmas, ^nsell; Sierra Leone and on the Nun River, 
 Vogel ; a common species in Africa, Asia and America, found 
 also in South Europe. 
 
 2. Cyperus aurantiacus, Humb. et Kunth. — Kunth, Enwn. 2. 
 p. 20. — C. amabilis, Vahl, Enwn. 2. ;?. 318? — C. lepidus, 
 Hochst. in Kotsch. PI. exs. Herb. Nub. n. 139. — On the 
 Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel; Nubia and Tropical America. 
 
 An annual, varying from three to six or seven inches in 
 height. The specimens agree precisely with Schomburgk's 
 n. 221, from Guiana, with Moritzi^s n. 1571, from Columbia, 
 and with Kotschy^s, from Nubia ; as well as with Kunth^s 
 character. VahFs description appears to apply to the same 
 species, although the spikelets in our plant are more numerous, 
 and the squamse often produced into a very short point. It is 
 a tristylous species, allied to, but distinct from the E. Indian 
 C. castaneus. 
 
 3. Cyperus aristatus, Rottb. — Kunth, Enwn 2. p. 23. — In the 
 town of Accra, Vogel; Senegal, South Africa and East 
 India ; also North America and the Galapagos, if I am 
 right in considering the C. inflexus, Muhl., as the same 
 species, and, I believe, in Brazil. 
 
 4. Cyperus elegans, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 28. — Fernando 
 Po, Vogel ; Tropical America, Africa and Asia. 
 
 This appears to be a widely spread species, to which are 
 probably referrible C. moestus, Kunth, and some others of the 
 
550 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 group of Diffusi, as well as one or two of Nees^ Brazilian 
 
 species. 
 
 5. Cyperus Haspan, Linn. — Kunth, Ejium. 2. p. 34. — Sandy 
 
 shores of the Nun, Voyel ; Sierra Leone, Don; a' common 
 
 Tropical species in both hemispheres. 
 G. Cyperus diffbrmis, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 38. — Sierra 
 
 Leone, Dow, Asia, Africa and South Europe. 
 
 7. Cyperus coloratus, Vahl, Enum. 2. p. 312. — Mariscus colo- 
 ratus, Nees. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 126. — Accra and Cape 
 Coast, Vogel, Don. 
 
 This species is allied to C. sphcerocephalus, although the 
 spiculse, containing from live to eight flowers, are less com- 
 pressed. The oval heads contain from twenty to thirty of these 
 spiculse, which are generally of a yellowish hue. The involucral 
 leaves are narrow and slender, sometimes longer than the stem, 
 but usually shorter. 
 
 There are a few specimens, from Aguapim, of a variety (or 
 perhaps species ?) with depressed globose heads, and the invo- 
 lucral leaves broader and more numerous. 
 
 8. Cyperus margaritaceus, Vahl. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 46. — 
 Accra, Don, Ansell ; on the Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 This species is certainly closely allied to the East Indian 
 C. niveus, but the habit of the plant is more tufted, as described 
 by Thonniug, without any, or scarcely any, of the creeping 
 rhizoma of C. niveus, and the spikelets are rather larger, 
 although without so many flowers in each. 
 
 9. Cyperus rotundus, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 58. — In the 
 town of Sierra Leone, Vogel ; common in nearly every part 
 of the world. 
 
 There is also, from Sierra Leone, a variety with shorter 
 spikelets, more decidedly spicate, and the squamre not nearly 
 so darkly coloured, which appears to come very near to the 
 C. lucidulus, Kunth. 
 
 10. Cyperus sphacelatus, Rottb. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 63. — 
 Cape Coast, Don; Grand Bassa and Sierra Leone, Vogel, 
 Ansell ; a South American species. 
 
 The dark-purple spot on the margin of the squamic is some- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 551 
 
 times wanting, especially in the larger specimens, which are as 
 much as 2 feet high. The spikelets are then of a pale-greenish 
 hue. In the smaller specimens, varying from 6 inches to 
 1 foot in height, the spot is usually very marked. 
 
 11. Cyperus Papyrus, Linn. — Kunth, Enuni. 2. p. 64. — Very 
 abundant on the banks of the Lagos, a river near Accra, 
 Don. Evidently the same species as the Egyptian Pa- 
 pyi'us. 
 
 12. Cyperus exaltatus, Uetz. — Kunth, Enuin. 2. p. 70. — 
 St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 This specimen is precisely similar to the n. 3328 of Wal- 
 lich^s Catalogue from Rajemahl, which has much fewer flowers 
 than the more common East Indian form. 
 
 13. Cyperus ligularis, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 79. — Sierra 
 Leone and G rand Bassa, Vogel ; on the Gambia, Don ; 
 Tropical America. 
 
 14. Cyperus distans, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 93. — Sierra 
 Leone and Fernando Po, Vogel; St. Thomas, Don; Tropical 
 America, Africa, and Asia. 
 
 15. Cyperus (v. Mariscus ?) sp.— Fernando Po, Vogel. A 
 large species, evidently different from any of the preceding, 
 but the single specimen is too young to determine. 
 
 Besides the above, there are seventeen species of Cyperus 
 mentioned as inhabitants of West Tropical Africa, viz : C. in- 
 tactus, Vahl, Senegal ; C, patens, Vahl, Guinea ; C. compressus, 
 Linn., Senegal, and common in America, Asia, Africa, and 
 South Europe ; C. patulus, Kit., Sierra Leone and South 
 Europe ; C. articulatus, Linn., a common Tropical species ; 
 C. bidentatus, Vahl, Senegal ; C. pustulatus, Vahl, Guinea ; 
 C. venustus, Br., Senegal, Africa, Asia, and Australia ; C. ra- 
 diatus, Vahl, Senegal, Guinea, Madagascar, and East India ; 
 C. crassipes, Vahl, Senegal to Benin ; C. pectinatus, Vahl, 
 C. schpoides, Vahl, C. polyphyllus, Vahl, and C. microstachyos, 
 Vahl, all four from Guinea ; C. recurvus, Vahl, Sierra Leone ; 
 C. dilatatus, Schum. et Thonn., and C. angustifolius, Schum. 
 et Thonn., (non Nees.), the two last both tVom Guinea, and 
 overlooked in Kunth's Enumcratio. 
 
552 FLORA NJGRITIANA. 
 
 1. Mariscus umbellatiis, Vahl. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 118. — 
 Cape Coast, Don ; Sierra Leone and on the Quorra, Voyel ; 
 Senegal to Benin, South Africa, and Asia. 
 Another species, M. alternifolius, Vahl, has been described 
 
 from Guinea. 
 
 1. Kyllingia aphylla, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 127. — Sierra Leone, 
 Vogel, Don ; Grand Bassa, Vogel, Ansell ; <m the Nun, 
 Vogel. — Senegal to Benin and Tropical America. 
 
 2. Kyllingia monocephala, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 129. — 
 Sierra Leone to Fernando Po, Vogel, Don, and others. A 
 common Tropical species. 
 
 3. Kyllingia polyphylla, Willd. —Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 135. — 
 Bassa Cove, Ansell, Vogel ; Cape Coast, Don. Very closely 
 allied to the East Indian K. gracilis, and K. cylindrica, as 
 well as to some of the Brazilian species, and possibly a mere 
 variety of K. monocephala, with elongated heads, and more 
 unequal inner squamse. 
 
 In both the above species, two lateral heads are very fre- 
 quently developed among the more vigorous of the African spe- 
 cimens, or on the luxuriant stems of tufts, where they are 
 generally monocephalous. The form of the seeds as well as 
 their number, the relative proportion of the two inner squamae 
 of the spikelets, the cilise on the dorsal rib of these squamse 
 and the number of stamens, from one to three, are exceedingly 
 variable in different spikes of the same plants ; and it appears to 
 me, that many of the species established on similar characters, 
 are but mere varieties of K. monocephala. 
 
 I have seen no West African specimens answering the cha- 
 rater of K. triceps, common in other Tropical regions. The 
 K. bulhosa, Bcauv., from Benin, is probably a mere variety of 
 K. monocephala, which has often a tendency to thicken the 
 base of the stem. The K. squamulosa, Vahl., K. dipsacoides, 
 Schum. et Thonn., and K. erecta, Schum. et Thonn., all three 
 from Guinea, are unknown to me, and may be distinct. 
 1. Remirea maritima,k.vh\. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 139. — Sierra 
 
 Leone, Don ; sea-coast of West Tropical Africa and East 
 
 Tropical America. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 553 
 
 1. Eleocharis capitata, Br. — Kunth. Enum. 2. p. 150. — Cape 
 
 Palmas aud sandy shores of the Nun, Vogel ; America, 
 
 Africa, Asia, and Austraha. 
 
 These are very vigorous specimens, the spikes sometimes 
 short and ovate, at others cylindrical, and nearly half an inch 
 long. 
 
 The E. atropurpurea, a mere variety of the above, is found in 
 Senegambia as well as in East India. 
 
 The Scirpus mariti'mus, Linn., found over a great part of the 
 globe, grows also in Senegambia. 
 
 1. Fuirena umbellata, Rottb. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 185. — 
 F. pentagona, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 42 ? — Sierra Leone 
 and St. Thomas, Don; on the Nun River, Vogel; Tropical 
 America and Asia. 
 
 2. Fuirena glomerata, Lam. — Kunth. Enum. 2. p. 184. — 
 F. Rottboellii, Nees. — Accra, Don ; East India. 
 
 There appears to be considerable confusion in the distributed 
 specimens, both of Wallich aud of Wight, between this plant 
 and the K. uncinata, Kunth, [K. ciliaris, Roxb., according to 
 Nees) ; they are, however, accurately distinguished both by 
 Kunth aud by Nees in their published characters. The two 
 species appear equally common in India, but the few African 
 specimens I have seen, belong all to the F. glomerata. 
 1. Isolepis barbata, Br. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 208. — Accra, 
 
 Grand Bassa and on the Quorra, Vogel; Senegal to Benin, 
 
 East India and Australia. 
 
 Some of the Grand Bassa specimens are above a foot and a 
 half high, whilst others among the Quorra ones are scarcely two 
 or three inches ; but all are alike in the structure of their 
 flowers. 
 
 Five other species of Isolepis are cited as W. Tropical Afri- 
 can, viz. /. supina, Br., Senegal, Guinea, and other parts of 
 Africa, S. Europe, East India, and Australia ; I.prcelongata, Nees, 
 Senegal and East India; /. Micheliana, Roem. et Schult., 
 Senegal, North Africa, South Europe, East India ; /. filamen- 
 tosa, Rcem. et Schult., Guinea; and /. Willdenowii, Kunth, 
 Sierra Leone. 
 
554 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The Nemum spadiceum, Desv., from Sierra Leone and the 
 West Indies^ is unknown to me. 
 
 1. Fimbristyles (Trichelostyles) muriculata, Beuth. ; culmis 
 csespitosis 5-6-angularibus glabris basi foliatis, foliis lineari- 
 bus planis rigidulis culmo bi'cvioribus, umbella irregulariter 
 decomposita pauciradiata, involucro brevi, spicis ovato-lauceo- 
 latis acutis centralibus sessilibus ; squamis carinatis ovatis 
 acutis mucronulatis fuscescentibus trinervibus glabris nitidis, 
 stylo trifido, achenio stramineo-albido undique tubcrculoso- 
 muriculato. — Accra, Don. 
 
 Near F. quinquangularis and F. autumnalis, but differs from 
 the former in the form of the spikelets and squamse, and from 
 F. autumnalis in the muricate achenia. 
 
 2. Fimbristyles hispidula, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 227. — On the 
 Quorra, Vo(/el, Ansell; Senegal, Guinea, South Africa and 
 Tropical America. — The specimens vary from six inches to 
 three feet in heighth, and are sometimes nearly smooth, 
 though generally the stiff spreading hairs of the leaves and 
 stems are very copious. 
 
 3. Fimbristyles commwrns, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 331. — Senegal 
 to Benin, and Fernando Po, Don, Vogel, and others ; Africa, 
 Asia, and probably South America. 
 
 4. Fimbristyles /errw^mea, Vahl, Enum. 2. p. 291. — F. ferru- 
 ginea, arvensis et Sieberiana, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 236, 237. 
 — On the Gambia, Don ; Grand Bassa and sandy shores of 
 the Nun, Vogel ; Tropical America, Africa and Asia. 
 
 5. Fimbristyles obtusifolia, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 240. — Grand 
 Bassa and on the Nun lliver, Vogel; Senegal and South 
 Africa. 
 
 Schumacher and Thonning have described another species, 
 B. scabrida, from Guinea. 
 
 1. Abildgaardia wio^ios^acAyo, Vahl. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 247. 
 — St. Thomas, Don; Tropical America, Africa, East India 
 and Australia. 
 
 2. Abildgaardia pilosa, Nces. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 248. — 
 Accra, Bon ; and in Vogcl's collection without the precise 
 station ; Senegal and Guinea. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 555 
 
 The A. barbata, Beauv., from the banks of the Formosa, and 
 the A. lanceolata, Schum. and Thonn., from Guinea, appear 
 to be both of them nearly allied to the A. pilosa. 
 
 1. Lipocarpha argentea, Br. — Kimth, Enum, 2. p. 266. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don; Tropical America, Africa and Austra- 
 lia. 
 
 2. Lipocarpha sphacelata, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 267. — Cape 
 Palmas, Ansell ; East India. 
 
 The style is generally trifid, but occasionally, in the same 
 spikes bifid, and the L. filiformis, Kunth, from Guinea, is 
 probably the same species, nor does the Brazilian L. gracilis, 
 Nees, appear to be essentially distinct. In the African speci- 
 mens, the spikes are usually from 5 to 7 in the head. 
 1. Hypolytrum latifolium, A. Ricli. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 271. 
 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel; Tropical Africa and Asia. 
 
 1. Rhynchospora Wallichiana, Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 289. — ■ 
 Grand Bassa, Vogel ; Mauritius, East India and China. 
 These specimens have the heads smaller, and fewer spikelets 
 
 than the East Indian ones, but their structure is precisely the 
 same. The style has two minute lobes at the extremity, which 
 soon wear down after fecundation. 
 
 2. Rhynchospora aurea, Vahl. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 293. — 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel; Tropical America, Africa, Asia and 
 Australia. 
 
 1. 8c\evia flagellum, Sw. ? — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. SS9 ? — Sierra 
 Leone, Don ; Grand Bassa, Vogel, Ansell. — Tropical Ame- 
 rica and Africa. 
 
 The leaves are nearly smooth, and the achenia white, but it 
 agrees in other respects with Kunth^s description. 
 
 2. Scleria reflexa, Humb. et Kunth. — Kunth. Enum. 2. p. 340. 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Tropical America. 
 
 3. Scleria racemosa, Poir ? — Kunth. Enum. 2. p. 344 ? — Grand 
 Bassa, Vogel. — Madagascar. 
 
 These specimens answer to Kunth's description. The achenia 
 are \\ lines in diameter, but have not jierhaps yet attained 
 their full size. I have another gathered by Michelin in Sene- 
 gal, closely rcsembhng this one, but with still larger achenia 
 
556 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 much depressed in form, which may be a distinct species. 
 
 There is also a S. verrucosa, Willd., described from Guinea, 
 
 which is not in our collections. 
 
 4. Scleria spicceformis, Benth., vaginis subalatis foliisque an- 
 gustis hirsutis, ligula brevi rotundata rigida, panibula bre- 
 viter spicseformi, spiculis fcemineis unifloris singulis sessilibus 
 cum masculis pluribus subsessilibus fasciculatis, floribus mas- 
 culis plerisque triandris, disco subintegro turbinato-paterifor- 
 mi nudo, achenio ovoideo albo longitudinaliter multistriato. 
 — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 Cubni bipedales, plurifoliati. Vagince inferiores dense hispidse, 
 triquetrse, angulis superne ssepe in alas angustas expansis. 
 Panicula spicseformis terminalis l|-pollicaris, densa, axillaris 
 1-2 brevis, depauperata, sessilis. Bract ecu basi hirtfe, rigi- 
 da?, plera^quc spiculas superantes. Spiculce in quoque fasci- 
 cule 3-5, masculse 4-5 lin. longse, recurvse; interior foeminea 
 brevior. Squam(B valde ina^quales, siccse, hispidulse, acumi- 
 natse, exteriores cujusve spiculse breviores vacuje. Flores 
 masculi perfecti 2-3, intimi plures semiabortivi, foemineus 
 fere semper in spicula sua solitarius, addito rarius secundo 
 sterili. Stylus ad medium trifidus. Achenium fere lapideum, 
 album, eleganter longitudinaliter multistriatum, superne 
 obsolete verruculosum. 
 This species does not precisely come into any of the genera 
 
 or sections into which Nees has divided the Brazilian Scleri(B, 
 
 but if, as appears most convenient, the genus Scleria be retained 
 
 entire, according to the views of Kunth and most botanists, 
 
 this plant cannot be separated from it. 
 
 CXVI. Gramine^e. 
 
 1. Leersia disticha, Benth. ; panicula gracili effusa, spiculis 
 approximatis distichis, paleis margine nudis muticis, carina 
 brevissime aspero-hirta, staminibus 2 (v. 3 ?) — On the Nun 
 River, Vogel. 
 
 Cuhni fere L. oryzoidis, basi rcptantes radicantes ramosi, dein 
 adscendcutcs, 1-2-pedales, uti folia glabcrrimi. Folia latius- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 557 
 
 cule lanceolata, tenuia, venulis transversis subfenestrata, ligula 
 brevi. Panicula longe pedunculata, ramis paucis gracilli- 
 mis. Spicce peduuculo filiformi sustensse, compressae^ e spi- 
 culis 6-12 regulariter disticbis nee unilateralibus compositse. 
 Gluma fere L. aspera, sed paullo longiores, tenuiores et 
 magis compresses. Staminum nonuisi reliquias vidi^ quarum 
 duo tantura in quoque flore observavi. Semen jam maturum 
 ovatum^ compressum, fuscum, longitudinaliter striatum. 
 
 1. Oryza sativa, Linn. (Rice.) — Generally cultivated in West 
 Tropical iVfrica. Vogel's specimens are of a bearded variety. 
 The Maize, Zea Mays, Linn., is also much cultivated, but 
 
 no specimens were gathered. 
 
 1. Paspalum brevifolium, Fluegge. — Kunth, Eniim. \. p. 48. — 
 P. longiflorum, Retz ex N. ah E. in Herb. Wight, non 
 Beauv. — Sierra Leone, Herb. Hooker ; Mauritius and East 
 India. 
 
 The leaves are wanting to these specimens, but they are 
 otherwise perfectly similar to the common East Lidian species 
 distributed by Wight and Arnott under the number 1G03, and 
 by Wallich under that of 8753. 
 
 2. Paspalum conjvgatwn, Berg. — Kunth, Enwn. 1. p. 51. — 
 Sierra Leone to the Quorra, and Fernando Po, Vogel ; 8t. 
 Thomas, Don ; Tropical Africa and Asia. 
 
 3. Paspalum distichum, Burm. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 52. — 
 P. longiflorum. Beauv. — Sandy shores of the Nun, Vogel ; 
 St. Thomas, Bon ; Tropical Africa and Asia, (n. 8757 of 
 Wallich's Catalogue.) 
 
 There are no specimens of P. vaginatum, Sw., said to be 
 found in Guinea, nor yet of the plant figured by Beauvois 
 under that name, but which, judging from the figure, is very 
 different from the common one. 
 
 4. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 53. — 
 P. Kora, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. t. 85, /. 2. (a reference 
 overlooked by Kunth.) — Siei*ra Leone to the Quorra, Vogel ; 
 St. Thomas, Don. — Tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. 
 
 5. Paspalum dissectum, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 54. var. 
 
558 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 foliis vaginisque villosis. — Sierra Leone, Don ; South Africa 
 
 and East India. 
 
 This is the same variety as the one gathered by Krauss, at 
 Port Natal, under the n. 147. Kunth excludes from the 
 species the forms with pubescent leaves, which Willdenow, 
 Trinius and others admit. The species differs little from 
 P. scrobiculatum, except in the shorter spikes with a broader 
 rhachis. 
 
 The P. barbatum, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, is said to 
 be likewise very near P. scrobiculatum. 
 1. Olyra latifolia, Linn. — O. paniculata, Sw. — Kunth, Enum. 
 
 1. p. 69. — Sierra Leone, Don ; Tropical America. 
 3. Olyra brevifolla, Schum. et Thonn., Beskr. p. 402. — St. 
 
 Thomas, Don; Fernando Po, Vogel ; Guinea. 
 
 This is probably a mere pubescent variety of 0. latifolia, to 
 which ought to be referred several of the Brazilian supposed 
 species. 
 1. Leptaspis sp. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 This is a single imperfect specimen, insufficient to charac- 
 terize the species, if it be distinct from L. urceolata, Br. It 
 agrees precisely, as far as it goes, with a Ceylon specimen, 
 received from Dr. Gardner imder the n. 10 i5 ; and both appear 
 more slender, with fewer and smaller flowers, than the specimens 
 from Penang, (Wall. Catal. n. 8901), from Malacca, (Griffith), 
 and from the Philippine Islands, (Cuming, n. 1739), all of 
 which agree with Benuett^s description and figure of L. w- 
 ceolata. 
 1. Urochloa/jamcM/c^o, Benth. ; paniculae ramis gracilibus in- 
 
 ferioribus verticillatis, spiculis fasciculatis pedicellatis, glumis 
 
 glabris superiore margine ciliato floreque masculo mucro- 
 
 natis, hermaphroditi arista flore longiore. — At the confluence 
 
 of the Niger on Stirling Hill, Ansell. 
 Habitus et folia omnino U. cimicina. Kami paniculae nume- 
 
 rosiores, tcnuiores, floribundi. Spicults angustiores et minus 
 
 ciliatse, seepius 4 in quoque fasciculo, quarum 1-2 interdum 
 
 masculae et unifloree. Flos hermaphroditus, glumam supe- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 559 
 
 riorem floremqiie masculum breviter superans. Arista qp.am. 
 in U. cimicina niulto longior. 
 1. Tricliolsena sj!?A«ce/«^aj Benth. ; foliis glabris lanceolato-linea- 
 ribus, vaginarum ore geniculisque barbatis, panicula ramosa 
 floribunda, gluma superiore valvulaque floris masculi infe- 
 riore byalino-albidis dorso longe piliferis^ acumine fusco 
 glabro antice ciliato sub apice longe setifero. — On the Quorra 
 at Pandiaki, Ansell. 
 Elatior et omnibus partibus major quam T. Tenerijfa, cui cse- 
 terum habitu et inflorescentia accedit. Culmi et folia in 
 sicco viridia, nee glaucescentia, haec plana, 3-5 poll, longa, 
 3-4 lin. lata. Flores iis T. Teneriffa duplo majores. Gluma 
 inferior oblonga, pilosa, hyalina, quam spicula duplo tri- 
 plove brevior ; superior acumine neglecto liuea paullo longior, 
 acumen gluma ipsa vix brevius, apice retusum, nervo dorsali 
 producto in aristam tenuissimam serrulatam gluma longiorem. 
 Floris inferioris neutri et submasculi palea inferior glumae 
 superiori simillima ; superior brevior, multo angustior, hya- 
 lina, margine ciliata; liermaphroditi gluma superior brevior, 
 paleis angustis hyalinis margine ciliatis. 
 
 The Saccharum Teneriffa, Linn., long since transferred to 
 Panicum by Brown, has nevertheless a distinctive character, 
 which induced Schrader to establish it as a separate genus 
 under the name of Tricholana. Kunth did not adopt it, but 
 retained the plant under Panicum. Nees, however, has since 
 re-established the genus on firmer foundations, adding four South 
 African species, which with the present one and the Aira Chi- 
 tiensis, Retz, (n. 8660 of Wallich^s Catalogue) raise the number 
 of known species to seven. I am unable, therefore, to under- 
 stand the grounds on which Parlatore, in the first part of the 
 present work (supra, p. 189) restores the original species to 
 Saccharum, when it does not at all agree with his own ela- 
 borate and accurate character of that genus in his Flora 
 Palermitana. 
 
 1. Isachne minutula, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 137. — Cape Palmas, 
 Ansell ; Tropical Africa, Asia, and America ; and a var. with 
 minutely pubescent leaves. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
560 FLORA NTGRITIANA. 
 
 The Timor plant, which Decaisne identified with Lamarck's 
 Panicum polygonoides, is certainly this species, and a true 
 Isachne. The flowers are much smaller than in the more 
 common East Indian /. muricata, (Nees. in Herb. Wight). It 
 is doubtful which of them is the original Meneritana. 
 
 1. Panicum brizoides, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 2. p. 78? — Cape 
 Coast, Vogel ; East India. 
 
 The lower glume is not ovate, but broad and truncate, as in 
 P. paspaloides, jluitans, and hi-'izoiforme, which are all probably 
 varieties of one species, common in Tropical Asia and Africa, 
 introduced apparently from thence into Tropical America, and 
 both as an aquatic and as a cultivated plant, very likely to be 
 variable. 
 
 2. V&mcvim. falciferum, Trin. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 80. — Accra, 
 Don. 
 
 3. Panicum Gayanum, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 79. — On the Quorra 
 at Stirling, Vogel; Senegal. 
 
 4. Panicum horizontale, Mey. — Kunth, Emnn. 1. 7?. 81. — 
 Sierra Leone, Vogel, Don ; Grand Bassa and Fernando Po, 
 Vogel. 
 
 5. Panicum distichophyllum, Trin. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 90. 
 non N. ab E. — Accra, Don ; at the confluence of the Niger, 
 Ansell. 
 
 6. Panicum Numidianum, Lam. — N. ab E. Gram. Afr. Austr. 
 p. 33. — Aboh, Vogel. A single specimen, either bi;longing 
 to this, or a closely allied s])ccies. 
 
 7. Panicum maximum, Jacq. (Guinea Grass). — Sierra Leone, 
 Aguapim, and on the Quorra, Vogel; St. Thomas, Don. 
 This grass, originating from Tropical Africa, is now exten- 
 sively cultivated in East India and South America. In Vogel's 
 collection there are two varieties, one growing in moist places, 
 and attaining the height of 6 or 8 feet or more, the other about 
 2 or 3 feet high, with narrower leaves and smaller flowers, was 
 found in dry situations on the Quorra. 
 
 8. Panicum arenarium, Brot. — N. ab E. Gram. Afr. Austr. p. 
 37. — Cape Coast, Don ; South Europe, Africa, and East 
 India. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA, 561 
 
 9. Paniciim coloratum, Liuu. — A'', ah E. Gram. Afr, Austr. p. 
 38. — Ou the Grambia, Don; South Europe, Africa, and 
 America. 
 
 10. Panicum latum, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 115. — Sierra Leone, 
 Don ; Senegal. 
 
 11. Panicum ovalifolium, Poir. — N. ah E. Gram. Afr. Austr. 
 p. 44. in adnot. — Fernando Po, Vogel; Guinea, Benin, and 
 East India (Wall. Catal. n. 8737). 
 
 12. Panicum, a small specimen, which I am unable to identify, 
 and not sufficient to describe. — St. Thomas, Don. 
 
 13. Panicum sarmentosum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 308; var. 
 foliis glabriusculis. — Grand Bassa, Vogel. 
 
 This species is allied to P. frumentaceum, but the branches 
 of the panicle are much longer, and more developed. It ap- 
 pears to be a generally cultivated plant, for I have specimens 
 from the Mauritius, from the Calcutta Garden (Wall. Catal. 
 n. 8724), and from South America, sent by Tweedie, as " cul- 
 tivated from African seeds.^^ 
 
 14. Panicum frumentaceum, R-oxb. Fl. Ind. 1. p. 307. — 
 Aboh, growing in the water, Vogel ; Africa and East India, 
 often cultivated. 
 
 15. Panicum plicatum, Willd. — Senegal to Benin, where it 
 attains the height of 6 or 8 feet, or more, Vogel and others ; 
 Tropical America, Africa, and Asia. 
 
 Under this name I have included a series of specimens from 
 various countries, diflering, at first sight, more or less from 
 each other in the degree of hairiness, in stature, as well as, in 
 some measure, in the size of the panicles and flowers, but on 
 examination I have been unable to find any constancy in the 
 characters, by which several species have been attempted to be 
 distinguished. Among the published forms which probably 
 belong to it, may be mentioned, P. pyramidale, Lam., P. ar~ 
 vense, Kunth ?, P. lineatum, Schum. et Thonn., and P. latum, 
 Schum. et Thonn., from West Tropical Africa ; P. Nejmleme, 
 Spr., P. nervosum, Roxb., and P. excurrens, Trin., from East 
 India; P. costatum, Roxb,, und P. plicatum, Lam., from the 
 Mauritius, 
 
 o 
 
562 FLORA NIGRITTANA. 
 
 16. Panicum sp., very near to the South Africau P. Linden- 
 beryianum. — Setaria longiseta, Beauv., Kunth, Emim. 1. 
 p. 158. — Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 17. Panicum glaucum, Linn. — On the Quorra, Vogel; and 
 common ahiiost all over the world. 
 
 Taking the genus Panicum in its most comprehensive, as well 
 as most definite form, so as to include Digitaria, Setaria 
 and Echinochloa, there are now near 550 supposed species 
 recorded by different writers. It is, however, now known, that 
 a considerable number are spread over all the warmer parts of 
 the globe, and have been described over and over again under 
 different names ; and a careful revision and comparison would 
 probably reduce the number under 300. Until this is done, 
 the accurate determination of any but the best known species is 
 next to impossible, nor has it been ascertained what are the 
 distinctive characters most to be relied on, and how far they 
 vary under cultivation. Nees von Esenbcck has, indeed, 
 sketched out some excellent sections in his work on Cape 
 Grasses, but has not applied them, in any published work, to 
 the Panica of any other country. I fear, therefore, that some of 
 the above determinations may not prove quite correct, and there 
 remain 22 published West Tropical African species, which 
 either are not in the collection before me, or I have been unable 
 to recognise. These are : from Senegal, P. Perrottetii, Kunth., 
 subalbidum, Kunth, raripilum, Kunth, and scahrum^ Lam. ; 
 from Sierra Leone, P. muscarium, Trin., lineatum, Trin., and 
 tenellum, Lam. ; from Benin, P. setigerum, Beauv., and convo- 
 lutum, Beauv. ; and from Guinea, P. regulare, Nees., P. pallide- 
 fuscum, sphacelatum, cauda-ratti, subangustum, collare, serru- 
 latum, longifolium, deflexum, sparsum, and plantagineum^ 
 Schum. et Thonn.; and Digitaria reflexa, and D. nuda, Schum. 
 et Thonn., also from Guinea. 
 1. Thysanolaena acarifera, N. ab E. PI. Meyen, p. 181. — On 
 
 the Gambia, Boteler ; common in East India. 
 1. Stenotaphrum Americanum, Schranck. — Kunth, Enum. 1. 
 p. 138. — St. Thomas, Don ; Guinea, South Africa and Tro- 
 pical America. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 563 
 
 1. Oplismenus Bvrmanni, Beauv. — Kunth, Enum. 1. ])• 1^9. 
 — Fernando Po, Vogel ; Sierra Leone, Don; Tropical Ame- 
 rica, Africa, and Asia. (Wall. Catal. n. 8677 et 8678). 
 
 2. Oplismenus Africanns, Beauv. — Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 160. — 
 St. Thomas, Don; Fernando Po, Vogel; South Africa. 
 
 1. Gymnothrix hordeoides, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 160. — Grand 
 Bassa and Fernando Po, Vogel; Sierra Leone. 
 
 1. Pennisetum macrostachyum, Benth. ; elatum, foliis scaberri- 
 mis, culmo vaginisque glabris pilosisve, spica elongata, rhachi 
 villosissima, spiculis 2-4-ms, involucri setis exterioribus nu- 
 merosis flores breviter superantibus, interiore unica longa 
 basi plumosa, gluma inferiore minuta, superiore floribus 
 multo breviore, flore neutro unipaleaceo, palea hyalina 5-nervi, 
 stylis basi connatis. — Aboh and Fernando Po, Vogel. 
 
 Cidmus subramosus, basi decumbens et radicans, dein erectus, 
 6-8-pedalis et altior. Vagina striatse, Iseves v. hinc scabrius- 
 culse. Folia 2-3-pedalia, polhcem lata, utrinque pilis brevi- 
 bus sparsis scaberrima, ad margines serrulato-spiuulosa, ad 
 oras vaginarum barbata; geniculi barbati v. lanati. Spica 
 subsessilis, ultrapedalis, densiflora, albida v. flavescens ; rhachis 
 pihs moUibus albis dense villosa. Flores subreflexi. Seta 
 interior cujusve involucri 9-10 lin. longa, basi plumosa, 
 cseterse numerosse scabridse fere dimidio breviores. Gluma 
 et palese tenues, fere hyalinse ; floris hermaphroditi apice sca- 
 briusculse. 
 
 This must be very near to, and possibly a mere variety 
 of, P. purpureum, Schum. et Thonn., a Guinea plant, but it has 
 no tendency to assume a purple colour, I have never seen more 
 than a single plumose seta in each involucre, and the inner 
 glume is considerably shorter than the neutral flower. 
 
 2. Pennisetum polystachyum, Schult. Mant. 2. p. 4-56. — P. 
 holcoides et P. barbatum, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 163. — Cape 
 Coast and Accra, Don, Vogel ; Arabia and East India. 
 These specimens are precisely similar to those of Eoxburgh 
 
 from East India. The leaves are smooth or hairy, the nodi 
 generally without hairs, the spiculse always solitary in eacli 
 involucre, the outer glume generally wanting, but sometimes 
 
 o o 2 
 
564 FLORA MIGRITIANA. 
 
 even nearly a line long, the upper one miicrouate or very shortly 
 awnedj the neutral flower reduced to one palea, the styles free, 
 and in this, as in some other Penniseta, I have occasionally 
 observed three of them instead of two. 
 3. Pennisetum gracile, Benth. ; glabruni, ramosum, foliis an- 
 
 gustis scabriusculis, spica tenui, spiculis solitariis, involucri 
 
 setis exterioribus paucis interioribusque phimosis pluribus 
 
 spiculam subsuperantibus, una longissima, flore masculo 
 
 bipaleaceo, palea exteriore glumaque superiore 5-nervibus. — 
 
 Sierra Leone, Don. 
 Culmi basi decumbentes, rarais subcrectis vix semipedalibus. 
 
 Spica tenuis, l|-2-pollicaris, purpurascens. Rhachis glabra. 
 
 Spicules glabrae v. apice scabro-puberulse. Gluma exterior 
 
 nulla v. minutissima, superior uti palea exterior floris mas- 
 
 culi apice mucronata. 
 
 The P. violaceum, Rich., and P. Prieuri, Kunth., both from 
 Senegal, appear to be different from either of the above. 
 1. Cenchrus echinatus, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. l.p. 166. — On 
 
 the Gambia, Don ; South America, Africa and East India. 
 
 Another species, C. barbatus, Schum. et Thonn., is described 
 from Guinea. 
 
 The Lajypago racemosa, Willd., common over a great part of 
 the globe, is also found in Senegal. The Latipes Senegalensis, 
 Kunth, from Senegal, is unknown to me. Six species of Aris- 
 tida are said to be found in West Tropical Africa, none of which 
 are in the collection. They arc : A. stipoiformis, Lam,, hor- 
 deacea, Kunth, and festucoides, Poir., from Senegal ; and A. 
 submucronata, cosrulescens and lonyijlora, Schum. et Thonn., 
 from Guinea, but probably some of the three latter may be 
 repetitions of the others. 
 
 1. Sporobolus virginicus, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 210, forma 
 parvula, glumis Isevissimis v. vix ad carinam scabriusculis. — 
 St. Thomas, Don, a common maritime plant in America and 
 Africa. 
 
 2. Sporobolus robustus, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 213. — Grand 
 Bassa, in marshes, where it is gregarious, and attains six or 
 eight feet in height, Vogel ; Cape Verd Isles, Ansell ; Ga- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 565 
 
 boon Coast, Middleton; to \^^ south latitude, Thwaites ; 
 Abyssinia. 
 
 3. Sporobolus pyramidalis, Beauv. — Kunth, Enum. l.jo. 213. 
 — Accra, Don ; Cape Coast and Sierra Leone, Vogel ; 
 Oware. 
 
 4. Sporobolus comm?<#«;fM5, Kunth, Enum. \. p. '2/14!. — On the 
 Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel ; East India. 
 
 5. Sporobolus myrianthiis, Benth. ; glaberrimus, culmis graci- 
 libus erectis, foliis convoluto-setaceis, vaginis ore ciliatis, 
 panicula effusa ramosissima ramulis capillaceis apice unifloris, 
 spiculis angustis acuminatis, gluma exteriore flore triplo 
 breviore obtusa, supei'iore dimidium floris sequante mucronu- 
 lata, paleis sequalibus, exteriore obsolete mucronulata. — On 
 the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel. 
 
 Habitus S. minutiflori, differt statura ut videtur altiore, pani- 
 cula ampla, 9-pollicari, ramis capillaribus numerosissimis, 
 foliis tenuibus 2-4-pollicaribus, et prsesertim spiculis angustis 
 subacuminatis fere lineam longis. 
 
 6. Sporobolus minutiflorus, Link. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 214, — 
 On the Quorra, Mac William ; Brazil and East India, 
 
 The other recorded West Tropican African Sporoboli are : 
 S. litloralis, Kunth, from Senegal and South America ; Vilfa 
 helvola, Trin., Senegal, and Abyssinia; V. paniculata, Trin., 
 Sierra Leone; Agrostis extensa, Schum. et Thonu., and A. 
 congener, Schum. et Thonn., both from Guinea, the latter pro- 
 bably one of the forms of ^S^. Virginicus. 
 
 The Agrostis tropica, Beauv., from Prince's Island (off the 
 Gaboon Coast) and from the Mauritius, appears to be a true 
 Agrostis as now limited. 
 
 The Crypsis aculeata, Ait., belonging to the Mediterranean 
 region, extends to Senegal. Triraphis pumilio, des.cribed by 
 Brown in the Appendix to Oudney and Clapperton's Voyage, 
 may not, strictly speaking, belong to the Western Tropical 
 region. 
 1. Microchloa obtusiflora, Benth. ; foliis brevibus convoluto- 
 
 filiformibus, glumis obtusiusculis, paleis dorso longiuscule 
 
 pilosis. — On the Quorra, at Patteh, Vogel. 
 Habitu refert M. setaceam (Brasiliensem), et quodammodo 
 
566 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 etiaiii Oropetium Thom<£anum. Folia brevia pi-ioris, sed in 
 sicco magis convoluta, arcuata, semipollicaria v. paullo lon- 
 giora. Spica 1-2-pollicans, pedunculo e vagina ampliata 
 folio superioris hand exserto, rliachi latiuscula compressa. 
 Glumce quam in M. setacea subbreviores, obtusse v.' nervuni 
 dorsalem exterioreni in mucronem obsoletum subexserentes. 
 Palece glumis paullo breviores. Cseterum character accura- 
 tissimum genericum Neesii in Gram. Afr. Austr. p. 246, et 
 huic speciei optime convenit. 
 
 The Schcenefeldtia gracilisy Kunth, extends from Senegal to 
 Nubia. 
 
 1. Ctenium elegans, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 275. — Accra, Don; 
 Senegal and Nubia. 
 
 2. Ctenium canescens, Benth. ; spicis 2-3-nis, spiculis 4-floris, 
 flore infimo neutro unipaleaceo, ceteris bipaleaceis, quorum 
 altero neutro v. masculo tertio foemineo v. hermaphrodito, 
 summo masculo, gluma superiore canescenti-hix'tello binervi, 
 costis in aristas productis, altera ex apice excurrente, altera a 
 medio dorso divaricato. — Whydah, Don. 
 
 Folia desunt. Culmus apice pubescens. Spica in altero spe- 
 cimine geminse, in altero ternse, primo intuitu iis C. Ameri- 
 cance similes, sed florum structura diversa. Gluma inferior 
 (quoad spicam interior) parva, exterior superior floi-es sub- 
 scquans, costis 2 (nee 3 ut in C Americana) conspicuis, pilis 
 brevibus rigidis canescentibus. Flos foemineus v. hermaphro- 
 ditus apice ciliis numerosis albis aristas fere sequantibus 
 onustus. Palea exterior florum 3 inferiorum dorso aristata, 
 flos summus masculus, triander, paleis muticis. 
 
 1. Dactyloctenium mucronatum, Willd. — N. ab. E. Gram. Afr. 
 Austr. p. 250. — Cape Coast, Don, Vogel ; on the Quorra, 
 Vogel ; America, Africa and Asia. 
 
 1. Enteropogon melicoides, N. ah E. in Herb. Wight. — Chloris 
 simplex, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 51. — C. distachya, 
 Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 265? — Cape Coast, Don, a single spe- 
 cimen with a long solitary spike precisely answering Thon- 
 nings description, as well as the East Indian specimens. 
 The aspect of the plant is very unlike that of any Chloris. 
 
 1. Chloris breviseta, Benth., culmo ramoso compresso vaginis- 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 567 
 
 que glabris, foliis planis subpilosis, spicis 7-11 digitatis, 
 gluma superiore nervo mucronato flosculum hermaphro- 
 ditiim dimidiato-obovatum ad carinam marginisque ciliatum 
 sequaute, neutris binis, inferiore truncato setigero superioreni 
 muticum niiuutum includente^ setis flosculorum tenuissimis 
 brevibus. — Cape Coast, Don, Vogel. 
 
 Near to C. compressa DC. in the structure of the flowers, 
 but the cihae of the hermaphrodite outer palea are very diffe- 
 rent, and the arista is but little more than a line in length. In 
 this respect C. Abyssinica, Hochst., agrees with it, but the latter 
 species has very different shaped palese, and more florets. 
 
 The other West Tropical African species described are : C. 
 Prieiiri and C. Gayana, Kunth, from Senegal ; C pilosa and 
 C. Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea and C.penicillata, 
 Pers., from Guinea and East India. 
 
 Two Leptochloce are found in the region : L. mollis, Kunth, 
 from Senegal, and L. Arabica, Kunth, from Senegal, Egypt, 
 Arabia and East India. 
 
 1. Eleusine Indica, Gsertn. — Sierra Leone to the Quorra and 
 Fernando Po, Vogel; South America, Africa and East India 
 to Japan. 
 
 Another species, E. glabra, Schum. et Thonn., is described 
 from Guinea, as also a species of Air a ; A. bicolor, Schum. 
 et Thonn. 
 
 1. Eragrostis rubiginosa, Trin. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 339. 
 (sub Poa). — Poa turgida, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr.p. 66? — 
 Accra, Don. 
 
 2. Eragrostis ciliaris. Link. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 337. (sub 
 Poa). — Accra, Don; on the Quorra at the confluence, An- 
 sell ; America, South Africa, and East India. 
 
 3. Eragrostis Abyssinica, Link? — Kunth, Enum. l.ja. 332? 
 (sub Poa). — On the Quorra at Stirling, Ansell. If not iden- 
 tical with the Abyssinian plant cultivated in the North East 
 of Africa, it is closely allied to it. 
 
 4. Eragrostis linearis, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. Q7. (sub 
 Poa) .7- On the Gambia, Botcler ; Guinea. 
 
568 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 5. Eragrostis biformis, Kuuth, Enuin. 1. p. 332? (sub Poa). — 
 On the Gambia, Don ; Cape Coast, Vogel. 
 
 6. Eragrostis tremula, Lam. — Kunth, Enum. l.ju. 332. (sub 
 Poa). — On the Gambia and Sierra Leone, Don ; Bassa Cove, 
 Ansell; Nubia. 
 
 7. Eragrostis, near to E. tremula, and perhaps a mere variety. 
 — On the Quorra, Voyel, Ansell. 
 
 The determination of the five last Eragrostides is very 
 uncertain, the species of this numerous genus are often dis- 
 tinguished by slight, although constant characters, difficult to 
 describe, and often not alluded to in descriptions, whilst the 
 number of florets in each spicula, the most obvious character 
 iisually I'elied on, is sometimes very variable in the same species. 
 Besides the above, there are six others described from the 
 same region, viz : Poa squamuta, Lam., from Sierra Leone ; 
 P. Cambessediana, Kunth, from Senegal ; P.fascicularis, Trin., 
 from Congo; and P. cachectica, Schum. et Thonn., P. Hip- 
 puris, Schum. et Thonn., and Eragrostis Hornemanniana, 
 N. ab E., from Guinea. 
 1. Poa mMcrowfl/«, Poir. — Kunth. Enum. l.^j. 334.? — On the 
 
 Nun River, Vogel. 
 
 The specimens are young, but as far as they go they agree 
 with Beauvois' figm-e and description. Their appeai-ancc is 
 neither that of Eragrostis, nor of Poa proper, but rather of 
 Centotheca, although the reflexed bristles of the palese are 
 wanting. 
 1. Centotheca lappacea, Desv. — Kunth, Enum. \. p. 366. — 
 
 Cape Palmas and Fernando Po, Vogel ; St. Thomas, Don ; 
 
 Tropical Asia and Australia. 
 
 The Ehjtrophorus articulatus, Beauv., a common East In- 
 dian plant, extends to Senegal. 
 1. Festuca rottbollioides, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 395 ? — St. 
 
 Thomas, Don ; perhaps introduced from Europe. 
 
 No Bambuseoi arc recorded from West Tropical Africa, nor 
 were any specimens brought by the Expedition, excepting a few 
 leaves of what appear to be the Bambusa vulgaris, from Accra, 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 569 
 
 without any label ; probably from cultivated plants. There are 
 not either any Hordeacea known to be indigenous, and it does 
 not appear that any of our common grains are cultivated 
 there. 
 
 1. Rottbollia exaltata, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. \. p. 466. — Fer- 
 nando Po, and common on the banks of the Quorra, where 
 it reaches the height of from 5 to 10 feet, with the leaf- 
 sheaths covered with stinging hairs, Vogel ; East India and 
 Australia. 
 1 . Manisuris granularis, Sw. — Kunth, Enum. 1 . p. 469. — Ou 
 the Quorra, Vogel, Ansell ; common in most of the warmer 
 regions of the globe. 
 1. Perotis latifoUa, Ait. — Kunth^ Enum.. 1. p. 470. — On the 
 Quorra at Pandiaki, Ansell ; South Africa and East India to 
 Japan. 
 
 These are luxuriant specimens, with larger and more rigid 
 leaves than usual, the raceme full 9 inches long, with rather 
 small crowded flowers. The plant varies in all these respects, 
 and the P. hordeiformis, N. ab E., cannot well be distinguished 
 as a species. 
 
 1. Saccharum spontaneum, Linn. — Kunth, Enum. 1. jo. 475. 
 
 et pars. 2. p. 385. — S. punctatum, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. 
 
 p. 46. — On the Quorra, Vogel; Guinea and East India. 
 
 This agrees with the descriptions of Roxburgh and of Kunth, 
 
 as well as with some of our East Indian specimens. It grows, 
 
 according to Vogel, to the height of 6 or 8 feet, the leaves are 
 
 very rigid, narrow, and nearly plane, with a very broad mid-rib ; 
 
 the axis of the panicle very villous, as in S. ^gyptiacum, but 
 
 the flowers of the latter are nearly twice as large. In both 
 
 species the outer glume is usually two-nerved, but not always 
 
 so, the mid-rib being often more or less visible or prominent. 
 
 The true Sugar Cane, Saccharum officinarum, Linn., is 
 cultivated in Guinea. 
 
 1, Imperata arundinacea, Cyr. — Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 4i77. — 
 I. Thunbergii, N. ab E. Gram. Afr. Austr. p. 89. — Sierra 
 Leone, Don ; Senegal, South Europe and throughout Africa, 
 East India to North Australia. 
 
570 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 The E7'ianthus ? repens, Beauv., from Guinea, Eliotiicrus 
 elegans, Kunth, from Senegal, and Anthistiria glauca, Desf. 
 from Guinea and North Africa, are not in the collections 
 before us. 
 
 1. Andropogon (Heteropogon) contortus, Linn. — Accra, Don; 
 on the Quorra, Ansetl ; Senegal to Benin, South Europe, 
 and all over Africa and East India ; also in Mexico and some 
 parts of South America, perhaps introduced from the Old 
 World. 
 
 The rhachis in this species is smooth, or more or less pubes- 
 cent, but usually very slightly so, and it appears very difficult 
 to distinguish the A. Allionii as a species. As a genus, Hete- 
 ropogon, and several others dismembered from Andropogon, 
 ought probably to be adopted, but the whole of this extensive 
 group has been left in such a state of utter confusion in Kunth's 
 Enumeratio, and the new genera of Nees and others, hitherto 
 applied only to so few ^of the total number, that I have been 
 unable to make use of them on the present occasion, without 
 entering into that close examination and comparison of the 
 East Indian species, which it is understood that Professor Necs 
 has made, and which the limits of the present work do not 
 now admit of. It is to be hoped that that distinguished 
 agrostologist, may shortly publish the results of his labours in 
 his " Glumaccaj Indise Orieutalis," so often quoted in his 
 Plantse Meyenianse and Flora Africse Australioris. 
 
 2. Andropogon Donianus, Benth. ; culmo ramoso vaginisque 
 Isevibus, spicis longe pedunculatis solitariis muticis, rhachi- 
 bus sericeo-barbatis, spiculis geminis, hcrmaphroditae gluma 
 exteriori bimucronata pectinato-ciliata, neutrius pedicel- 
 late acuminata iutegra. — Sierra Leone, Don. 
 
 Culmus rigidus, teres v. leviter compressus, nitidus. Vagince 
 compresso-carinatse, striatse, inferiores equitantes distichse. 
 Folia rigidula, complicata^ glaucescentia, superiora brevia. 
 Spic6e a vagina superiore G-8 pollicibus distantes, bipollicares. 
 Rhachidis pili patentes, spiculis breviores. Gluma exterior 
 spiculaj hcrmaphroditpe 2-21 lin. longa, cartilaginea, tenuiter 
 multinervis, costis 2 validioribus submarginalibus eleganter 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 571 
 
 pectinato-ciliatis et in mucrones breves excurrentibus, margi- 
 nibus ipsis anguste hyalinis inflexis ; gluma superior angusta, 
 rigidule membranacea, sericeo-pilosa ; floris neutri palea 
 hyalina, vix brevissime mucrouata, palese hermapliroditi mino- 
 res muticse ; spiculse masculse gluma exterior multinervis acuta 
 submucronata, interior et palese hyalinse. 
 
 3. Andropogon (Shizacbyrium ?) pulchellus, Don in Herb. 
 Hort. Soc. Lond. ; culmo adscendente compresso superne 
 paniculato, foliis brevibus, spicis solitariis, rhaclii pilis lon- 
 gissimis barbata, spiculis geminis, hermaphroditse gluma 
 exteriore multinervi bicuspidata brevissime ciliolata, floris 
 hermapliroditEe arista tenui spiculse sequilonga, pedicello 
 masculo spiculam superante^ gluma exteriore multinervi 
 setaceo-acuminata. — On the Gambia, Don. 
 
 Culmus rigiduluSj l|-pedalis. Folia 1-3-pollicaria, glauco-ruben- 
 tia. Panicula fastigiata, stricta, ramulis ultimis vaginis 
 foliorum usque ad spicam involutis. S^nca 1^-2-pollicares, 
 pauciflorse, pilis sericeis patentibus quam spicula longioribus. 
 Gluma exterior spiculse hermaphroditse rigida, fere 3 lin. 
 longa. 
 
 4. Andropogon (Scbizachyrium ?) leptostachyus, Benth. ; culmo 
 erecto stricto ramoso, vaginis inferioribus hirsutis, foliis 
 planis, spicis solitariis tenuibus, rbachi ad articulationes 
 breviter ciliata, spiculis geminis, hermaphroditse gluma exte- 
 riore bicuspidata binervi vix ciliata, palese arista tenui vix 
 spiculam triplo superante, masculse pedicello hinc ciliolato, 
 gluma exteriore sub-3 nervi bicuspidata uniaristata. — On the 
 Quorra, Vogel. 
 
 Cuhni 2-3-pedales. Folia glabra v. puberula, baud rigida. 
 Spicce baud numerosse, pedunculo usque ad spicam ijisam 
 vagina folii involuto, 2-3-pollicares, primo intuitu glabrae, 
 cilise tamen breves adsunt circa basin spiculse sessilis et ad 
 unum latus stipitis masculi. Spicula hermaphroditce gluma 
 exterior 2^ lin. louga, venis 2 v. rarius 3 parum conspicuis ; 
 palea exterior floris perfecti profunde bifida, arista semipolli- 
 cari geuiculata tenuissima. Spicula mascula pedicellus 
 
572 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 spicula brevior, gluma exterior vix 2 lin. longa, in aris- 
 tam tenuissime capillaceam fere ejusdem longitudinis desi- 
 nens. 
 
 5. Andropogon tectorum, Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. p. 49. — 
 Sierra Leone, Don ; Guinea, where, according to Thonning, it 
 is the commonest grass, overrunning the fields from the shore 
 to the hills. 
 
 6. Andropogon Gay anus, Kunth, Enum. 1. p. 491. — On the 
 Nun and Quorra, Vogel; on the Gambia, Boteler ; Nubia. 
 
 7. Andropogon pertusus, Willd. — Kunth, Enum. \. p. 498. — 
 Accra, Don ; East and South Africa and East India. 
 
 The Egyptian and South African forms have been published 
 as distinct species, in East India the plant varies exceedingly ; 
 possibly there may really be a group of several different species, 
 but with the materials before me, I am totally unable to extri- 
 cate their synonymy. 
 
 8. Andropogon schananthus, Linn. — On the Gambia and Sierra 
 Leone, Don, Vogel; East India. 
 
 The group of Lemon-grasses is another of those widely spread 
 gregarious and variable grasses among which the number of 
 real species, one or more, has not yet been properly ascertained. 
 The Tropical African form is that to which Nees formerly 
 applied lioxburgh's name of Iwarancusa, and in some more 
 recent publications, that of A. 31artini, it is the commonest 
 East Indian form, and probably the original A. schaenanthus, 
 Linn., but certainly not the one Roxburgh distributed as 
 A. hvarancusa. 
 
 9. Andropogon arundinaceus, Willd. — Kunth, Enum. \.p. 506. 
 — On the Quorra, Vogel; Guinea. 
 
 This agrees with the character as far as it goes. It is a tall- 
 growing species, allied to A. Gryllus, with two rather long male 
 spikelets on short pedicels at every articulation with the sessile 
 hermaphrodite one, which is remarkable for its very long rigid 
 twisted arista, very pubescent in its lower half. 
 
 10. Andropogon verticillatus, Schum. et Thonn, Beskr. p. 50. 
 — Accra, Don, Vogel. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 573 
 
 The branches of the panicle have but few articulations, the 
 stipitate male spicule are two together, with the hermaphrodite 
 at the extremity, single at the other articulations. 
 1]. Andropogon (Anatherum) Nigrilanus, Benth. ; erectus, ela- 
 tus, foliis longis, panicula verticillata ampla, ramis longis 
 simplicibus, spiculis geminis, glumis muricatis acuminatis, 
 hermaphrodit£B palea breviter aristata. — On the Nun at 
 Atok, Vogel. 
 Habitus A. muricati cui et floribus affinis, hi vero breviter aris- 
 tati. Culmi 6-8-pedales. Panicula sesquipedalis, ramis nu- 
 merosis subverticillatis flexuosis 4-6-pollicaribus, Rhachis 
 tenuis ad articulationes breviter cihata. Spicula dissitee, 
 rhachi appresscB, hermaphrodites 3-lin. longae, masculse bre- 
 viores, pedicello glabro v. brevissime ciliolato. Glumce her- 
 maphroditse coriacese, subsequales, 2-3-nerves, dorso pilis 
 paucis 2-3-seriatis muricato-hispidge, apice in mucrouem 
 brevem desinentes, margine hyaliuse. Palecs hyalinse, exte- 
 rior floris hermaphroditi glumis pauUo brevior, apice bifida 
 - et aristam 2-3-lin. longam emittens. 
 
 Though closely allied to the common East Indian Vitiver, 
 this is evidently a distinct species ; it has not been observed 
 whether the root has the same perfume and properties. 
 
 The other West Tropical African species of Andropogon 
 published are : A. brevifolius, Sw., from Senegal and Tropical 
 America; A. simplex, Schum. et Thonn., from Guinea, appa- 
 rently allied to A. h^evifolius ; and A. canaliculatus, Schum. et 
 Thonn., and A. Guineensis, Schum. et Thonn., both from 
 Guinea, and apparently allied to A. Gay anus ; besides four 
 species entered in SteudeFs Nomenclator as published by Trinius, 
 but as the work is not quoted, I have been unable to find the 
 descriptions. I much regret this, as probably some of them are 
 the same as those above described from Don's collection. These 
 are A. eucnemis, Trin., and A. fulvibai'bis, Trin., from Guinea, 
 (Accra ?) and A. leptocomus, Trin., and A. platypus, Trin., 
 from Sierra Leone. 
 
 1. Sorghum saccharatum, Willd. ? — Cape Palmas, Cape Coast, 
 and on the Nun, Vogel. 
 
574 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 This is certainly the species so widely diffused in Africa 
 which goes usually under the name of S. sacclMratum, but I 
 have much doubt whether it be more than a large variety of 
 S. Halepense. It grows to the height of six or eight feet, with 
 very ample spreading panicles; the Cape Coast and Cape 
 Palmas specimens are from cultivated grounds, and have the 
 fertile spiculse about 3 lines long. The Nun specimens, from 
 the inundated banks of the river, are still more luxuriant, and 
 their large spikelets, about 4 lines long, clothed with red-brown 
 hairs, give them a very rich aspect. 
 
 Several varieties of the S. vulgare, Linn., are generally cul- 
 tivated in Guinea, as well as the S. saccharatum. 
 
 There is a specimen of a grass in Don's herbarium from 
 Sierra Leone which I am unable to refer to any genus known 
 to me, but the whole of the flowers having fallen away, with 
 the exception of the remarkable glumse, I am unable to de- 
 scribe it. 
 
 The Ferns and Cryptogamic plants brought by the Expedition 
 are too few in number, and of too little interest, either to give 
 any idea of the cryptogamic vegetation of the country, or to 
 make any detailed enumeration advisable on the present 
 occasion. 
 
 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 
 
 The difficulty of searching out from a great variety of works, 
 both general and special, the published species belonging to a 
 particular region, more especially when the plants are not 
 arranged in such works according to their natural Orders, may 
 have been the cause of a considerable number having been 
 overlooked. Whilst the preceding pages have been going 
 through the press, I have discovered a few which have been 
 omitted in their proper places, or which have been since pub- 
 lished, and I take this opportunity of correcting a few material 
 errors of copying or of the press. 
 
 P. 122. 1. 28. For Mijsicarpus. read Alysicarpus. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 575 
 
 P. 129. Before 96, Umbilicus, insert XXIV* Cmssidacea. 
 
 P. 172. Omit n. 227. Dalechampia Cordofana, the article 
 having been re- written and inserted as n. 317. Dalechampia 
 Senegalensis, p. 174. 
 
 P. 206. 1. 22. For Hablitzia, read Habzelia. 
 
 P. 240. To Lophira alata, add the synonym : Lophira simplex, 
 G. Don, Gard. Diet. 1. p. 814. 
 
 P. 290 and 291. To the Connaracece add: Omphalobiuni 
 nervosum, G. Don, and Cnestis racemosu, G. Don, both from 
 Sierra Leone. 
 
 P. 342. Anisophyllum laurinum. I had overlooked the men- 
 tion of this plant under the name of Anisophyllea laurina, Br., 
 in Sabine's paper on the fruits of West Tropical Africa, Hort. 
 Trans, v. 5. p. 466. It appears from the few notes there given, 
 that what I have described as stipules are minute leaves nearly 
 opposite to the apparently alternate leaves, a point which I 
 think is yet doubtful. It is also stated that Mr. Brown has 
 examined perfect flowers, which, it is much to be regretted, 
 have not been described ; but a drawing in the possession of the 
 Horticultural Society shows that the ovary of the perfect 
 flower is inferior, with four cells and one pendulous ovule 
 in each, and is crowned by four distinct styles. The second 
 species, my A. Zeylanicum, has just been published from a 
 Manuscript of the late Dr. Gardner, in the October number for 
 the present year of Hooker's Journal of Botany, under the 
 name of Teiracrijpta cinnamomoides, and referred to Hama- 
 melidacea. The real affinities of the plant are to my mind, as 
 yet very doubtful. 
 
 P. 361. 1. 5. For t. 387, read t. 4387. 
 
 P. 439. After Campanulacece, add : Sphenoclea Zeylanica, 
 Linn., a common Tropical plant, found also in Guinea. It is 
 another of those anomalous species, which has not as yet been 
 clearly connected with any known Order, and which, to cut the 
 Gordian knot, is considered by some as constituting a natural 
 Order of itself. 
 
 P. 461. After Convolvulacece, add : Hydrolea Zeylanica, 
 Linn., another common Tropical species, found in Guinea. It 
 
576 FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 belongs to the Order of HydroleacecB, to be inserted next to 
 ConvolvulacecB. 
 
 P. 496. To Polygonacea, add : C. Koch has just pubUshed 
 (Linnsea, v. 22. v. 205) a Polygonum tropicum, from Senegal, 
 which is probably the same as P. exiguum. 
 
 P. 255. At the end of Dicotyledones, add : Thonningia san- 
 guinea, Vahl, from Guinea^ belonging to the anomalous Order, 
 BalanophorecB. 
 
 P. 428. Add : Pontederia natans, Beauv., to the described 
 Monocotyledons of West Tropical Africa. 
 
 P. 534. Amomum Grana-Paradisi. Since this article has been 
 in the printer's hands I have seen three papers of Dr. Pereira's 
 published in the Pharmaceutical Journal, vols. 2 and 6, which 
 show that, after a very careful investigation, he has come to the 
 conclusion that the Amomum seeds known in this country as 
 Guinea Grains, are the produce of one species, including the 
 A. Grana-Paradisi of Smith and the A. Melegueta of Roscoe. 
 This species is evidently the same which both Afzelius and 
 Vogel state to be common all over the coast. As it is more 
 generally known as the Malaghetty Pepper than the Habzelia 
 j^Ethiopica, several observations made by Dr. Hooker on the 
 importance of that drug, must be considered as applying more 
 especially to this plant. There is no doubt, however, that the 
 seeds of both these widely different })lauts and the fruit of a 
 third, as different from either, the Cubeba Clusii, p. 514, have 
 all been known more or less under the name of Guinea Pepper. 
 
 The total number of species enumerated from the collections 
 made in West Tropical Africa by the officers of the Niger Expe- 
 dition, and by Don and others, amounts to 974, of which 
 Dicotyledons 803, and Monocotyledons 171. The principal 
 Orders are among Dicotyledons : Leguminosee 113, Rubiacete 97, 
 Compositce 40, Acanthacece and Eupborbiacece 37 each, Convol- 
 vulaceee and Urticea (including Artocarpea) 27 each, Malvacece 
 and Melastomacece 23 each ; none of the others reaching 20. 
 Among Monocotyledons : Graminea 79, Cyperaceee 39, Cum- 
 tnelynea 16, none of the others reaching 10. 
 
FLORA NIGRITIANA. 
 
 577 
 
 The number of additional published species mentioned is very 
 uncertain, as in so many cases one species is published under 
 diiFerent names by diflferent authors ; they may, however, be 
 stated approximately as follows : 
 
 In Sierra Leone, 
 
 Guinea, Congo, 
 
 and Angola. 
 
 Phoenoffamous 1 , . „ 
 plants . .J ^^^ 
 
 Additional 
 
 in Senegal 
 
 only. 
 
 453 
 
 Total. 
 
 896 
 
 Grand total, includ- 
 ing those here enu- 
 merated or described 
 
 1870 
 
 Dicotyledons . 
 Leguminosse 
 
 . 306 
 53 
 
 415 
 
 98 
 
 721 
 
 151 
 
 1524 
 264 
 
 Rubiacese . . 
 
 37 
 
 25 
 
 62 
 
 159 
 
 Compositse . 
 Acanthacese 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 17 
 
 42 
 24 
 
 82 
 61 
 
 Euphorbiacese . 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 55 
 
 Convolvulacese 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 18 
 
 45 
 
 Malvaceae . . 
 
 5 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 55 
 
 Urticese . . . 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 35 
 
 Monocotyledons 
 Graminese . . 
 
 137 
 50 
 
 38 
 23 
 
 175 
 73 
 
 346 
 152 
 
 Cyperacese . . 
 
 26 
 
 9 
 
 35 
 
 74 
 
 Commelynese . . 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 20 
 
 It must be recollected that the numbers among Thalamiflorce, 
 Calyciflora, Acanthace<s, Scrophularinece, Labiatce, Graminece 
 and CyperacecB, bear a much greater proportion to the real 
 numbers in the country than in the case of most of the other 
 Orders. 
 
 p p 
 
INDEX OF GENERA 
 
 CONTAINED IN THE 
 
 SPICILEGIA GORGON EA 
 
 AND IN THE 
 
 FLORA NIGRITIANA 
 
 AND OF 
 
 SPECIES 
 
 TRANSFERRED FROM GENERA, UNDER WHICH THEY HAD BEEN 
 PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED. 
 
 The Synonymes are Printed in Italic. 
 
 Abelraoschus, 227. 
 Abildgaardia, 554. 
 Abrus, 126, 305. 
 AbutUon, 108, 230. 
 Acacia, 127, 331. 
 Acalypha, 594. 
 Acanthodium, 481. 
 Acanthonotus, 293. 
 Achyranthes, 172, 492. 
 Acridocarpus, 244. 
 Acrotaphros, 302. 
 Adansonia, 110, 232. 
 Adelia anomala, 500. 
 Adenium, 450. 
 Adenopus, 372. 
 Adenostemma, 430. 
 Adhatoda, 482. 
 Adiautum, 192. 
 .^chmandra, 369. 
 /Echmolepis, 453. 
 ^olanthus, 489. 
 iEnia, 172, 492. 
 jEschynomene, 302. 
 iEtheilema, 480. 
 Afzelia, 225. 
 Agati, 301. 
 Ageratuin, 430. 
 
 Agrostis, 187, 565. 
 Aira, 567. 
 Aizoon, 129. 
 Ajuga, 161. 
 Albizzia, 332. 
 Alcliornea, 507. 
 Alectra, 473. 
 Alisma, 528. 
 Allium, 540. 
 Aloe, 540. 
 Alsidium, 197. 
 Alternanthera, 172, 494. 
 Alysicarpus, 122, 304. 
 Amanoa, 512. 
 Amaranthus, 173, 492. 
 Amaryllis, 535. 
 Amblogyne, 492. 
 Ambrina, 174. 
 Ambrosia, 435. 
 Ameletia, 344. 
 Aramannia, 344. 
 Amomum, 534, 576. 
 Araorphophallus, 52 
 Amphiscopia, 481. 
 Amyris anisata 256. 
 Auacardium, 288. 
 Anagallis, 169, 
 Anaphreuium, 288. 
 Ancvlanihus, 408. 
 
580 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Andira, 319. 
 Andropogon, 189, 570. 
 Aneilema, 545. 
 Anetia, 363. 
 Aniseia, 468. 
 Anisophyllum, 342, 575. 
 Anogeissus, 337. 
 Anonialnpteris, 244. 
 Anona, 97, 204. 
 Ansellia, 530. 
 Anthadenia, 463. 
 Anthistiria, 570. 
 Anthocleista, 459. 
 Anthonotha, 326. 
 Anthostema, 500. 
 Antidesma, 515. 
 Aponogeton, 528. 
 Arachis, 122, 301. 
 Argemone, 98, 216. 
 Argostemma, 401. 
 Aristida, 187, 564. 
 Artabotrys, 207. 
 Artemisia, 142. 
 Arthrocnemum, 491. 
 Asparagus, 180, 540. 
 Aspidium, 194. 
 Asplenium, 193. 
 Asteracantha, 480. 
 Asteranthos, 361. 
 Asteriscus, 138. 
 Astraea, 509. 
 Asystasia, 478. 
 Averrhoa, 269. 
 Avicennia, 487. 
 
 Baconia, 413. 
 Baissea, 452. 
 Balanites, 270. 
 Balsamodeudron, 285. 
 Baphia, 319. 
 Barleria, 481. 
 Bassia, 441. 
 Bastardia, 232. 
 Batatas, 151, 464. 
 Bauhima, 328. 
 Belanthera, 477. 
 Benzonia, 425. 
 Berlinia, 326. 
 Berthelotia, 432. 
 Bertiera, 394 — coccinea, 393. 
 Bidens, 142, 435. 
 Bignonia, 461, 463. 
 Biophytum, 269. 
 Bixa, 220. 
 BlackwelUa, 361. 
 
 Blainvillea, 141, 433. 
 Blepharis, 481. 
 Blighia, 250. 
 Blumea, 432. 
 Bcehmeria, 519. 
 Boerhaavia, 171, 495. 
 Bolbophyllum, 529. 
 Bombax, 232. 
 Borassus, 526. 
 Borreria, 133, 422. 
 Boscia, 219. 
 Boucerosia, 458. 
 Brachyramphus, 439. 
 Bracteolaria, 321. 
 Breweria, 470. 
 Briedelia, 511. 
 Brillaintaisia, 477. 
 Brotera Leprieurii, 110. 
 Brucea, 271. 
 Bryonia, 368. 
 Buchnera, 474. 
 Buloiuia, 364. 
 
 Buphthalmum scandens, 435. 
 Byrsanthus, 363. 
 Byrsocarpus, 290. 
 
 c. 
 
 Cacalia unijlora, 437. 
 
 Cadaba, 219. 
 
 Cajanus, 125, 312. 
 
 Caladium, 527. 
 
 Calamus, 526. 
 
 CalUandra, 332. 
 
 CalonyctioD, 153, 465. 
 
 Calophanes, 478. 
 
 Calotropis, 150, 454. 
 
 Cahjpso, 282, 283. 
 
 Campamda, 148. 
 
 Campylanthus, 163. 
 
 Canarium, 285. 
 
 Canavalium, 307. 
 
 Canna, 530. 
 
 Canscora, 460. 
 
 Canthium, 408. 
 
 Capparis, 217. 
 
 Capraria, 474. 
 
 Capsicum, 162, 472. 
 
 Carapa, 255. 
 
 Cardiospermum, 114, 247. 
 
 Carissa, 446. 
 
 Carpodinus, 446. 
 
 Carpolobia, 224 ; dubia, 322 ; versi 
 
 color, 321. 
 Cassia, 126, 324. 
 Cassipourea, 341. 
 Cassyta, 497. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 581 
 
 Caylusea, 101. 
 
 Celastrus, 284 ; diffusm, 275. 
 
 Celosia, 173, 491.' 
 
 Celsia, 165. 
 
 Celtis, 525. 
 
 Cenchrus, 564. 
 
 Centaurea, 143, 439. 
 
 Centotlieca, 5 68. 
 
 Centrosema, 305. 
 
 Centrostachys, 493. 
 
 Cephaelis, 421 ; ferrnginea, 397. 
 
 Cephalostigma, 439. 
 
 Ceranthera, 221. 
 
 Ceratopliyllum, 525. 
 
 Ceratotlieca, 464. 
 
 Ceropegia, 457. 
 
 Ceruana, 433. 
 
 Chailletia, 275. 
 
 Chasalia, 416. 
 
 Cheilopsis, 481. 
 
 Chenopodium, 174, 490. 
 
 Chloris, 566. 
 
 Chlorophytuin, 540. 
 
 Chonemorpha, 465. 
 
 Christiana, 238. 
 
 Chrysaiithellum, 436. 
 
 Chrysobalaniis, 336. 
 
 Chrysophyllum, 440. 
 
 Cichoriuiu, 439. 
 
 Cissampelos, 214. 
 
 Cissus, 261. 
 
 Citrullus, 128. 
 
 Citrus, 257. 
 
 Cladiuni, 182. 
 
 Claoxylon, 506, 
 
 Clnppertonia, 239. 
 
 Claiissena, 256. 
 
 Cleistanthus, 512. 
 
 Clematis, 203. 
 
 Cleome, 218. 
 
 Clerodendron, 486. 
 
 Clitandra, 445. 
 
 Cnestis, 290, 575, 
 
 Cocculus, 97, 215 ; epibuterium, 97 ; 
 
 macranthus, 213. 
 Cochlospermuni, 268. 
 Coilonanlhus, 469. 
 CcElocliue, 207. 
 Cotfea, 413; hirsuta, 412. 
 Cola, 233. 
 Coleus, 488. 
 Combretum, 339 ; ^fzvlii 337 ; 
 
 grandiflorum, 337. 
 Commelyna, 181, 541 ; amhigua, 
 
 544 ; Bcninensis, 545. 
 Coniothecium, 195. 
 Connarus, 290. 
 
 Conocarpus, 337. 
 
 Convolvulus, 468 ; incurvus, 464. 
 
 Conysa, 135, 432. 
 
 Corchorus, 112, 234. 
 
 Cordia, 471. 
 
 Cordyla, 325. 
 
 Coronocarpus, 433. 
 
 Costus, 534. 
 
 Cotula, 437. 
 
 Coulteria, 330. 
 
 Courtenia, 233, 
 
 Crataeva, 219. 
 
 Craterisperma, 411. 
 
 Cream-fruit, 449. 
 
 Cremaspora, 412. 
 
 Cremocephalum, 437. 
 
 Crinum, 535. 
 
 Crossandra, 481. 
 
 Crossopten'x, 381. 
 
 Crossostemma, 364. 
 
 Crotalaria, 116, 291. 
 
 Croton, 509. 
 
 Crozophora, 510. 
 
 Crudya, 329. 
 
 Crypliiospenauni, 435. 
 
 Crypsis, 565. 
 
 Ctenium, 566. 
 
 Cubeba, 514. 
 
 Cucumis, 373. 
 
 Culcasia, 527. 
 
 Cupania, 250, 252. 
 
 Curculigo, 535. 
 
 Curcuma, 534. 
 
 Cun'oria, 457. 
 
 Cuviera, 407. 
 
 Cyamopsis, 295. 
 
 Cyauotis, 542. 
 
 Cyathula, 493. 
 
 Cynoctonum, 453. 
 
 Cynodon, 188. 
 
 Cynometra, 328. 
 
 Cyperus, 182, 549. 
 
 Cyphia, 148. 
 
 Cystopteris, 192. 
 
 Cystoseira, 196. 
 
 Dactyloctenium, 566. 
 Dajmia, 454. 
 Dalbergia, 314. 
 Dalechampia, 174, 500, 575. 
 Datura, 162. 
 Decaneurum, 428, 429. 
 Deinbollia, 249. 
 Delaria, 321. 
 Dendrobium. 530. 
 
582 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Desmodium, 122, 303; trijiorum, 
 
 304. 
 Detarium, 329. 
 Dialium, 329. 
 Dianella, 540. 
 Dichrostachys, 127, 330. 
 Dicliptera, 168, 484. 
 Dicoma, 439. 
 Dicrauolcpis, 496. 
 Dicranostachys, 519. 
 Dictyoistegia, 528. 
 Digitaria, 185, 560, 562. 
 Dinophora, 355. 
 Dioclea, 306. 
 Diodia, 423. 
 Dioscorea, 535. 
 Diospyros, 442. 
 Dipteracanthus, 478. 
 Dipterotheca, 433. 
 Dissomeria, 362. 
 Dissotis, 347. 
 Dodonaia, 252. 
 Dolichos, 125, 311 ; coriacetts, 307 ; 
 
 obovatus, 307 ; ovalifolius, 307 ; 
 
 ungniculatus, 309. 
 Dopatrium, 474. 
 Doratantbera, 167, 474. 
 Dracaena, 540. 
 Drepanocarpus, 314. 
 Drosera, 224. 
 Dupiiisia, 287. 
 
 E. 
 
 Ecastaphyllum, 314. 
 Echiuin, 155. 
 
 Eclipta, 433 ; Jilicaulis, 436. 
 Ehretia, 471. 
 Ekebergia, 256. 
 Elais, 526. 
 Eleocharis, 553. 
 Elepbantopus, 429. 
 Eleusine, 188, 567. 
 Eliouurus, 570. 
 Elkaja, 255. 
 Elytraria, 477. 
 Elytiopborus, 568. 
 EmiUa, 439. 
 Eutada, 330. 
 Enteropogon, 566. 
 Epaltes, 432. 
 Epilobiuui, 128. 
 Equisetum, 192. 
 Eragrostis, 188, 567. 
 Eraiitbcinuiu, 484. 
 Eriantbus, 570. 
 Eiigeron, 134, 430. 
 Eriocaulon, 547. 
 
 Eriodendron, 232. 
 
 Erioglossum, 252. 
 
 Eriosema, 313. 
 
 Erytbra^a, 150. 
 
 Erytbrina, 307. 
 
 Erythrococca, 506. 
 
 Erytbropbla3um, 329. 
 
 Erytbroxvlon, 241. 
 
 Etbulia, 425. 
 
 Euclea, 441. 
 
 Eugenia, 358 ; Oivariensis, 359. 
 
 Eulopbia, 530. 
 
 Eupborbia, 176, 498. 
 
 Euxolus, 492. 
 
 Evernia, 196. 
 
 Evolvulus, 153, 470. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fagarastrum, 256. 
 Fagonia, 115, 270. 
 Festuca, 568. 
 
 Ficus, 178, 524; Brassii, 523. 
 Fillcea, 329. 
 Fimbristyles, 554. 
 Flacourtia, 220. 
 Flagellaria, 540. 
 Flemingia, 314. 
 Fleurya, 517. 
 Forskahlea, 179. 
 Francoeuria, 138, 432. 
 Frankenia, 103, 225. 
 Frullania, 195. 
 Fiigosia, 229. 
 Fuirena, 553. 
 
 G. 
 
 Galaxaura, 196. 
 
 Galeanika, 530. 
 
 Galium, 133. 
 
 Gardenia, 381 et vid. 383, 384, 385. 
 
 Geissaspis, 302. 
 
 Geopbila, 422. 
 
 GetlivUis, 535. 
 
 Gisekia, 490. 
 
 Globularia, 133. 
 
 Glocbidion, 510. 
 
 Gloriosa, 539. 
 
 Glossostigma, 474. 
 
 Glycine, 305. 
 
 Glycosmis, 256. 
 
 Glypba;a, 237. 
 
 GnapbaUum, 143, 437. 
 
 Gonipbia, 271. 
 
 Gonipbocarpus, 454. 
 
 Gongroucma, 456. 
 
 Goniosfephanus, 255. 
 
 Gossypium, 107, 229. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 583 
 
 Grangea, 431. 
 
 Grewia, 114, 236; lateriflora, 238. 
 
 Oroutia, 261. 
 
 Grumilia, 410. 
 
 Guiera, 337. 
 
 Giiilandiua, 324. 
 
 Guinea-graiti, see Pepper. 
 
 Gymnadenia, 530. 
 
 Gymnanthemum, 429. 
 
 Gyinnothrix, 563. 
 
 Gynandropsis, 102 ; triphylta, 218. 
 
 Gynura, 437. 
 
 n. 
 
 Ilabenaria, 180, 530. 
 
 Habzelia (errore Hablitzia), 206, 575. 
 
 Haemanthus, 534. 
 
 Hannoa, 271. 
 
 Haronga, 243. 
 
 Haynea, 519. 
 
 Hedyotis, 132, 405 ; pentandra, 402, 
 
 striata, 403. 
 Hedysarum, 303, 304, 305. 
 Heinsia, 391. 
 Heisteria, 257. 
 Helichrysum, 437. 
 HeUophytum, 471. 
 Heliotropium, 154, 471. 
 Helonias, 540. 
 Henfreya, 478. 
 Herderia, 425. 
 Herminiera, 302. 
 Herpestis, 474. 
 Heteropogou, 190. 
 Heteropterys, 246. 
 Heterotis, 347. 
 Hewittia, 468. 
 Hexalobus, 212. 
 Hibiscus, 227. 
 Hippocratea, 279. 
 Holarrhena, 450. 
 Holopeira, 215. 
 Homalium, 363. 
 Honckneya, 239. 
 Hoodia, 458. 
 Hoshindia, 488. 
 Hoya, 457. 
 Hugonia, 225. 
 Hydrocotyle, 375. 
 Hydrolea, 575. 
 Hylacium, 425. 
 Hypericum, 243. 
 Hyphasne, 526. 
 Hypoestes, 484. 
 Hypolytriini, 555. 
 Hyptis, 157, 489. 
 
 I. 
 
 Icacina, 261. 
 
 Ichnocarpus, 453. 
 
 Illecebrum obliquum, 495. 
 
 Imperata, 569. 
 
 Indigofera, 120,293. 
 
 Inula, 137. 
 
 lonidium, 221, 
 
 Ipomaea, 151, 466 ; lanceolata, 468 
 
 humilis, 464 ; secunda, 470. 
 Iresine, 494. 
 Isacanthus, 481. 
 Isachne, 559. 
 Isnardia, 344. 
 Isolepis, 553. 
 Isonema, 450. 
 Ixora, 413. 
 
 Jambosa, 359. 
 Jasminum, 443. 
 Jateorhiza, 212. 
 Jatropha, 509. 
 Johnia, 305. 
 Juncus, 181, 
 Jussisea, 343. 
 
 Kalanchoe, 374. 
 Kallstroemia, 269. 
 KegeHa, 463. 
 Khaya, 256. 
 Kohautia, 132, 402. 
 Kolbia, 367. 
 Koniga, 100. 
 Kyllingia, 552. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lablab, 125, 311. 
 Lactuca, 144, 439. 
 Lagunea, 232. 
 Lancretia, 244. 
 Landolphia, 443. 
 Lantaua, 485. 
 Lappago, 564. 
 Latipes, 564. 
 LarandiUa, 157. 
 Lawsonia, 344. 
 Lecaniodiscus, 250. 
 Leea, 208. 
 Leeisia, 556. 
 Lemania Bichy, 233. 
 Leonotis, 489. 
 Leonurus, 489. 
 
584 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Lepidagathis, 480. 
 Leptadenia, 456. 
 Leptaspis, 558. 
 Leptochloa, 567. 
 Leptostachya, 482. 
 Leucajua, 331. 
 Leucas, 160, 489. 
 Leucomphalus, 322. 
 Leuvorhaphis, 477. 
 Liagora, 196. 
 Limeura, 490. 
 Limnopliila, 474. 
 Limodorum, 530. 
 Limonia monadelpha, 255. 
 Linaria, 165, 473. 
 Lipocarpha, 555. 
 Lipotriche, 435. 
 Lippia, 485. 
 Lissochilus, 530. 
 Lobelia, 439. 
 Lonchocarpus, 315, 319. 
 Lophira, 240, 575. 
 Lophostylis, 223. 
 Loranthus, 375. 
 Lotus, 118. 
 Lundea. 220. 
 Luffa, 371. 
 Lupinus, 292. 
 Lycopersicum, 162, 472. 
 
 M. 
 
 Maba, 442. 
 
 Macromitriuiii, 195. 
 
 Majrua, 218. 
 
 Malachra, 226. 
 
 Malaglutta see Pepper. 
 
 Malouetia, 450. 
 
 Malva, 107. 
 
 Manibot, 509. 
 
 Manisuris, 569. 
 
 Maranta, 531. 
 
 Marchantia, 195. 
 
 Marsdenia, 455. 
 
 Mariscus, 552 ; coloratus, 550. 
 
 Megaclinium, 529. 
 
 Melag'uetty, see Pepper. 
 
 Melastoma Afzelianum, 346 ; albi 
 florum, 354 ; capitatum, 352 ; co 
 rymbosum, 352 ; cymosum, 352 
 decumbens, 349 ; elomjatum, 347 
 iiivolucratum, 355 •,pluniosuin, 348 
 prostratum, 349 ; theiffoUum, 351 
 
 Melhania, 110. 
 
 Melia, 114,255. 
 
 Melocbia, 233. 
 
 Melothria, 367. 
 
 Memecylon, 357. 
 
 Meyenia, 476. 
 Microchloa, 565. 
 Micrococca, 503. 
 Microdesmis, 514. 
 Microglossa, 431. 
 Microraeria, 159. 
 Micror/iync/ius, 144, 145. 
 Microstachys, 501. 
 Microtrichia, 431. 
 Mikania, 430. 
 Milletia, 318. 
 Mimosa, 330, 332. 
 Mitraeaipium, 133, 423. 
 Modecca, 365. 
 Moblana, 490. 
 Mollugo, 104, 225. 
 Momordica, 129, 369. 
 Mouachyron, 190. 
 Monodora, 206. 
 Mousouia, 269. 
 Moreba, 389. 
 Moriiida, 406. 
 Moscbosma, 488. 
 Motaudra, 451. 
 Mucuna, 306. 
 Musanga, 519. 
 Mussaenda, 391. 
 Myrianthus, 520. 
 
 N. 
 
 Napoleona, 360. 
 Nasturtium, 99, 216. 
 Nataba, 252. 
 Nimclea, 380. 
 Nelsoiiia, 477. 
 Neptunia, 330. 
 Neriura, 451. 
 Nesa;a, 344. 
 Neuropeltis, 469. 
 Nicholsonia, 304. 
 Noltea, 442. 
 Nomapliila, 477. 
 Notarisia, 194. 
 Notbocblajua, 194. 
 Nymphaea, 215. 
 
 Oak {African), 487. 
 Ocbtbocosmus, 240. 
 Ochna, 271. 
 Ocimum, 156, 487. 
 Octodon, 422. 
 Odina, 286. 
 Odontospermuiu, 138. 
 Oiosperraum, 425. 
 Oldenlandia 132, 403. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 585 
 
 Olyra, 558. 
 
 Omphacarpus, 237. 
 
 Omphalnbium, 290, 575. 
 
 Omplialocarpum, 441. 
 
 Onciuotis, 451. 
 
 Oncoba, 220. 
 
 Ophioglossum, 192. 
 
 Oplismenus, 563. 
 
 Ormocarpoii, 302. 
 
 Ornithogalum, 490. 
 
 Ornitrophe, 248. 
 
 Oryza, 557. 
 
 Osbeckia, 130, 345 ; aniennina, 349; 
 
 grandifiora, 347 ; rotundifolia, 
 
 348. 
 Ostryocarpus, 315. 
 Otomeria, 405. 
 Ouvirandra, 528. 
 Oxalis, 115, 269. 
 Oxyanthus, 387. 
 Oxystelma, 454. 
 
 Pachylobus, 285. 
 
 Pachyrrhizus, 311. 
 
 Palisota, 544. 
 
 Pandanus, 527. 
 
 Panicum, 185, 560. 
 
 Papaver, 98. 
 
 Parietaria, 518. 
 
 Parinarium, 333. 
 
 Paritium, 227. 
 
 Paikia, 329. 
 
 Parkinsonia, 323. 
 
 Parmelia, 196. 
 
 Paspalum, 187, 557. 
 
 Paullinia, 247. 
 
 Paulo- Wilhelmia, 479. 
 
 Pavetta, 414 ; lateriflora, 357. 
 
 Pegolettia, 138, 432. 
 
 Peltospermum, 400. 
 
 Pennisetum, 183, 563. 
 
 Pentaclethra, 329, 
 
 Pentadesma, 240. 
 
 Pentas, 401. 
 
 Pentatropis, 454. 
 
 Peperomia, 514. 
 
 Pepper (Guinea); see Habzelia, 206; 
 
 Cubeba, 514 ; and Amonum, 534 ; 
 
 also Addenda, 576. 
 Pergularia, 458. 
 Periploca, 150. 
 Peristrophe, 168, 484. 
 Perotis, 569. 
 Petrocarya, 335. 
 Phaca, 123. 
 Phagnalon, 135. 
 
 Phallaria, 408. 
 
 Phaseolus, 308. 
 
 Phelypaea, 167. 
 
 Philadendion, 527. 
 
 Philenoptera. 319. 
 
 Phrynium, 531. 
 
 PhyUanthus, 175, 510. 
 
 Physalis, 161, 472. 
 
 Physichilus, 477. 
 
 Picris, 439. 
 
 Piper, 514. 
 
 Piptadenia, 330. 
 
 Piptolaena, 447. 
 
 Pistia, 527. 
 
 Plantago, 171. 
 
 Platanocarpum, 380. 
 
 Platostoma, 488. 
 
 Plectranthus, 488. 
 
 Plectronia, 410. 
 
 Plectrotropis, 311. 
 
 Pluchea, 137, 432. 
 
 Plumbago, 169, 490. 
 
 Plumiera, 450. 
 
 Poa, 567, 568. 
 
 Podalyria hcematoxylon, 321. 
 
 Poivrea, 337. 
 
 Pollichia, 153, 471. 
 
 Polycarpsea, 104, 374. 
 
 Polychlmna, 233. 
 
 Polyechma, 477. 
 
 Polvgala, 103, 221. 
 
 Polygonum, 174, 496, 576. 
 
 Poiyspatha, 543. 
 
 Polystachya, 530. 
 
 Pomatium dubium, 385 ; spicatum, 
 
 394. 
 Pontederia, 576. 
 Parana, 469. 
 Portulaca, 129, 373. 
 Potamogeton, 181, 528. 
 Pothomorphe, 514. 
 Pouchetia, 395. 
 Pouzolsia, 518. 
 Premna, 485. 
 Prevostea, 469. 
 Prieurea, 344. 
 Prosopis, 330. 
 Prostea, 249. 
 Psidium, 358. 
 Psorospermum, 241. 
 Psychotria, 418. 
 Pteris, 192. 
 Pterocarpus, 314. 
 Pulicaria, 432. 
 PupaUa, 494. 
 Pycnocoma, 508. 
 Pythonium, 527. 
 
586 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Qiiisqualis, 341. 
 
 Q. 
 
 R. 
 
 Ramalina, 196. 
 
 Randia, 385 ; Bowieana, 384 ; Imwi- 
 
 flora, 384. 
 Raphia, 526. 
 Rauwolfia, 446. 
 Remirea, 552. 
 Requienia, 296. 
 Reseda, 101. 
 Rhabdotheca, 145, 439. 
 Rhamnm paniculatm, 279, 
 Rhamphicarpa, 475. 
 Rhaphiostyles, 259. 
 Rhizophora, 341. 
 Rhus, 288. 
 Rhynchocarpa, 369. 
 Rhynchosia, 126, 312, 
 Rhynchospora, 555. 
 Ricinus, 178. 
 Ritchiea, 216. 
 Rivea, 151. 
 Robinia, 319. 
 Roccella, 196. 
 Rogeria, 464. 
 Rondeletia febriftiga, 381 ; floribun- 
 
 da, 450 ; loniceroides, 459. 
 Rostellaria, 481, 
 Rothmaunia, 383. 
 Rottboellia, 569, 
 Roupellia, 449. 
 Rourea, 290. 
 Rutidea, 416. 
 
 S. 
 Sabicea, 397. 
 
 Saccharum, 569; 7V«er//ie, 189, 559. 
 Salacia, 280. 
 Salvia, 159. 
 Samolus, 169. 
 Sanseviera, 540. 
 
 Sapindus, 249 ; simplicif alius, 286, 
 Sapofa, 169,441. 
 Sarcocephalus, 379. 
 Sarcostemma, 149, 454. 
 Sargassum, 196. 
 Sauvagesia, 221. 
 Scajvola, 439. 
 Schmidelia, 248. 
 Schmidtia, 143. 
 Schoenefeldtia, 566. 
 Schotia, 328. 
 Schouiboea, 507. 
 
 Schranckia, 331. 
 Schwabea, 482. 
 Schwenckia, 473. 
 Scirpus, 553. 
 Selena, 555. 
 Seleroearpus, 142, 435, 
 Scoparia, 474. 
 Scrofularia, 166. 
 Seytauthus, 458. 
 Secamone, 453. 
 SemomiUea, 490. 
 Senecio, 439. 
 Sesamopteris, 150, 464. 
 Sesamum, 150, 463. 
 Sesbania, 121, 300. 
 Sesuvium, 374. 
 Setaria, 182,561, 562. 
 Shutei-eia, 468. 
 Sida, 107, 230. 
 Sideroxylon, 441. 
 SQene, 107. 
 Sinapidendron, 99. 
 Sinapis, 99. 
 Smeathmannia, 364. 
 Smithia, 303. 
 Soeiumeringia, 123. 
 Solaimm, 162, 472, 
 Souchus, 144; spinosus, 147. 
 Sophora, 323. 
 Sopubia, 475. 
 Sorghum, 573. 
 Sorindeia, 286. 
 Sparganophora, 425. 
 Spathandra, 356. 
 Spathodea, 461. 
 Spermaeoee, 423. 
 Sphferanthus, 431. 
 Sphenoelea, 575. 
 Spilanthes, 436. 
 Spondias, 285, 286. 
 Sponia, 525. 
 Sporobolus, 187. 564. 
 Stachys, 160. 
 Stachytarpheta, 484. 
 Statiee, 170. 
 Stemodia, 474. 
 Stenotaphrum, 562. 
 Stephegyne, 380. 
 Sterculia, 232. 
 Stereospermum, 463. 
 Stillingia, 501. 
 Stipularia, 425. 
 Streblocarpus, 219. 
 Striga, 474. 
 Stroeuiia, 219. 
 Strombosia, 258. 
 Strophanth\is, 451. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 587 
 
 StiTchnos, 458. 
 Stylochaeton, 527. 
 Stylocoiyne, 389. 
 Stylosanthes, 301. 
 Styrax, 443. 
 Sua;da, 174, 491. 
 Swartzia, 325. 
 Sycomorus, 522. 
 Syzygium, 359. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tabernaemontana, 447. 
 Tacca, 535. 
 Tagetes, 142. 
 Talinum, 374. 
 Tamarindus, 325. 
 Tamarix, 128, 344, 
 Teah, (African), 487. 
 Telanthera, 495. 
 Teliostachya, 481. 
 Tephrosia, 121, 296. 
 Terminalia, 336. 
 Tetracera, 203. 
 Tetrapleura, Benth., 330. 
 Tetrnpleura, Pari., 131. 
 Thonningia, 576. 
 Thunbergia, 475. 
 Thysanolsena, 562. 
 Tinospora, 215. 
 Tonsella pyriformis, 282. 
 Tragia 501, mercurialis, 503. 
 Treculia, 520. 
 Trianthema, 374. 
 Triaspis, 247. 
 Tribulus, 115, 270. 
 Trichilia, 255. 
 Trichodesma, 153, 471. 
 Tricholajna, 189, 559. 
 Triraphis, 565. 
 Tristemma, 353. 
 Triumfetta, 113, 234. 
 Tiirraea, 253. 
 
 Tvlophora, 455; incanu, 456. 
 TjT)ha, 527. 
 
 U. 
 
 Ucriana, 388. 
 Umbilicus, 129. 
 Uncaria, 381. 
 Uraria, 303. 
 Urena, 226. 
 Urera, 514. 
 Urginsea, 540. 
 Urocbloa, 558. 
 Urophyllum, 396. 
 
 Urostigma, 520. 
 Urtica, 517. 
 listeria, 459. 
 Utricularia, 440. 
 Uvaria, 208. 
 
 V. 
 
 Vahea, 445. 
 Vablia, 374. 
 Vallisneria, 528. 
 Vandellia, 474. 
 Vangueria, 408- 
 Ventenatia, 220. 
 Ventilago, 275. 
 Verbena, 161. 
 Verbesina, 436. 
 Vernonia, 134, 426. 
 Vicoa, 432. 
 Vigna, 308. 
 Vilfa, 565. 
 Vinca, 450. 
 Viola, 221. 
 
 Virecta, 401 ; lutea, 399. 
 Vismia, 243. 
 Vitex, 486. 
 Voandzeia, 125, 312. 
 Volkameria, 486. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wahlenbergia, 439. 
 Waltheria, 110, 233. 
 Webbia, 428. 
 Wedelia Africana, 434. 
 Wendla7idia, 394, 395. 
 Whitfieldia, 480. 
 Wissadula, 229. 
 
 X. 
 
 Xerocarpus, 293. 
 Ximenia, 114,261. 
 Xyris, 548. 
 Xysmalobium, 453. 
 
 z. 
 
 Zanthoxylum, 270. 
 Zea, 557. 
 Zingiber, 534. 
 Zinnia, 141. 
 Zizyphus, 116, 275. 
 Zornia, 121, 301. 
 Zuchellia, 453. 
 Zygia, 332. 
 Zygopetalum, 530. 
 Zygophyllum, 115, 270. 
 
LONDON: 
 
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