TK D. H. HILL im^ 
 
 NORTH C«0Liri>4 ST4TE C0LLC6C 
 
 & tXUMi. COi 
 
 QH 13-1 
 
 \h ^.<^^ 
 
 ENT0M0L0aiC4L COLLECTION 
 
This book must not be 
 taken from the Library 
 building. 
 
 25M JUNE 58 FORM 2 
 
OUTLINES 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 O F 
 
 G R E AT BRITAIN 
 
 AND 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 CONTAIN ING 
 
 A fyftematic Arrangement and concife Defcription of 
 all the Animals, Vegetables, and Foffiles which have 
 hitherto been difcovered in thefe Kingdoms. 
 
 By JOHN BERKENHOUT, M. D. 
 IN THREE VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 Comprehending the Animal Kingdom. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for P. Elmsly (SuccefTor to Mr. Va ill ant) 
 facing Southampton-llreet, in the Strand. 
 
 M DCC LXIX. 
 
T O 
 THE RIGHT HONORABLE 
 
 THOMAS 
 
 LORD VISCOUNT 
 
 WEYMOUTH. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 IPrefume to dedicate to Your Lord- 
 fliip the refult of my amufement 
 during my late refidence in the Coun- 
 try ; a book which, for the fake of 
 this Nation, I requeffc that you will 
 never read. The fubjecfl, though of 
 confequence to fome individuals, is be- 
 
 A 2 neath 
 
 N 
 
iv DEDICATION. 
 
 neath the attention of a Secretary of 
 State. But no man knows better than 
 Your Lordfhip tlie importance of the 
 office you fill -, therefore no man is lefs 
 likely to indulge in trivial ftudies or 
 amufements. 
 
 Why then, it may be aflced, do I 
 trouble You with a book, with the 
 fubjed: of which You ought to remain 
 unacquainted ? If Your Lordfhip afk 
 the queftion, I will honeftly tell You, 
 that my motives are gratitude and va- 
 nity. With regard to the firft, it is 
 all I have to offer for obligations which 
 I can never forget j and concerning 
 the latter, I could not refift the oppor- 
 tunity of boafting to the world, that I 
 am not difregarded by a Minifter of 
 
 State, 
 
DEDICATION. v 
 
 State, confpicuous for abilities, firm- 
 nefs and integrity -, a Minifler whom 
 fadion and ignorance may cenfure, 
 but whom all wife and good men, of 
 the prefent and of fucceeding ages, 
 will admire and applaud. 
 
 I am. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfliip's 
 Moft obedient 
 
 and humble fervant. 
 
 John Berkenhout. 
 A 3 
 
PR E F A C E. 
 
 THE prefcnt age is diftinguilhecl by no 
 event fo charadleriftic as the improve- 
 ment of Natural Hiftory. There were in-- 
 deed many curious naturalifts in former 
 times, particularly in the laft age and in 
 this country, to whofe labours v,^e owe great 
 obligation ; but for want of a clear idea of 
 fyftem, their writings were confufed, and 
 .the ftudy of nature remained too difficult to 
 become general. To form a regular fcien- 
 tific Syftem of Nature was refcrved for the 
 great, the celebrated, the indefatigable Lin- 
 naeus, whofe genius and induftry can hard- 
 ly be fufRciently admired. 
 
 Neverthelefs, the Linnsean Syftem hativ 
 met with fome opponents, and many ob- 
 jcdions have been made to particular parts 
 of it i but this oppofition, and thefe ob- 
 jedions, were infufficient to prevent its be- 
 ing univerfally received and adopted. 
 
 A 4 That 
 
viii PREFACE. 
 
 That the Syftem is imperfed is mofi: cer- 
 tain ; but thole who expert j)erfedlion in a 
 fyftem of Nature, are uhacquainted'With tlie 
 fubjecft. The works of the Creator are link- 
 ed together in one continued perfedb chain, 
 fo as to admit of no abfolute divifion, an4 
 confequently can never be reduced to a po- 
 fitive fyftemt All that we can exped is 
 fuch an artificial arrangement and divifion 
 of bodies into kingdomvS, clafles, orders, 
 genera, and fpecies, as may enable us to 
 diftinguilb, with precifion, one body from 
 another. In this attempt Linnssus has fuc- 
 ceeded much better than any preceding 
 writer, ancient or modern j -Linnaeus, there- 
 fore, I have follov/ed implicitly : I mean 
 in regard to arrangement. But as the Na- 
 tural Hiflory of a particular country admits 
 of more precifion and explanation, than a 
 general Syftem, I have added to, and fre- 
 quently varied from his defcriptions : fo that 
 , thofe who may, at firft fight of this work, 
 fuppofe it to be nothing more than a tranf- 
 lation of Linnseus, will, upon comparing 
 it^with the Syjiema Natur^^ find themfelves 
 miftaken. 
 
 2 Thefe 
 
PREFACE. ix 
 
 Thefe volumes being intended as pocket 
 companions for young Natualifts in their 
 excurfions from home, I have avoided fwel- 
 ling the work with references to the authors 
 I have confuked, quoting thofe only which 
 are either omitted, or wrong quoted, by 
 Linnseus in his laft edition of the Syjlema 
 Nature : for the reft, I muft refer the Rea- 
 der to that Work. 
 
 The remaining two volumes, containing 
 the Vegetable and Foflile Kingdoms will be 
 publilhed with convenient fpeed. 
 
 The 
 
••t-> *. 
 
The Animal Kingdom is divided 
 into fix Claffes, viz. 
 
 Clafs f. Mammalia. Suckle their young. 
 
 II. Birds. Body covered with feathers. 
 
 III. Amphibia. Lungs arbitrary. , 
 
 IV. Fishes. Breathe by gills, not arbitrarily. 
 
 V. .Insects. Two antenna, or feelers. 
 VI. Vermes. No head. 
 
 I. MAMMALIA. 
 
 Order I. Primates. Four parallel foreteeth. Tw» 
 perioral tnamma. 
 II. Fene. Upper fore teeth 6; canine teeth 
 2 in each jaw. 
 
 III. GUres. Fore- teeth fharp, 2 in each jaw. 
 
 No canine teeth. 
 
 IV. Pccora. No upper fore-teeth. Under 
 
 fore-teeth 8. Hoof divided. Horns. 
 V. BeUita. Fore-teeth more than 2 in each 
 jaw. No horns. 
 
 VI. Cete. No legs. 
 
 n. B I R D s. - 
 
 Order I. Aciphres. Bill and claws arched, 
 ftrong. 
 II. Pica. Bill comprefled, curved a little. 
 
 III. Anferes. Bill obtufe at the end. Feet 
 : , webbed or finned. 
 
 IV. Gralla. Legs very long. 
 
 V. GalUna. Bill convex ; the upper man- 
 dible arched. Toes connected by a 
 2 membrane 
 
( xii ) 
 
 membrane at the bottom. Tail- 
 feathers more than 12. 
 VI. PaJJeres. Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils 
 oval, broad, naked. 
 
 m. AMPHIBIA. 
 
 Order I. Reptiles. Feet 4. 
 
 \\. Serpents, No legs. No fins. 
 III. Nantes. No Icales. Rays of their fins 
 cartilaginous. 
 
 IV. FISHES. 
 
 Order I. Apodes. No ventral fins. 
 
 II. Jugiilares. Ventral fins before the pec- 
 toral. 
 III. Thoracici. Ventral fins under the pec- 
 toral. 
 JV. Abdominales. Ventral fins behind the 
 pecloral. 
 
 V. IN S ECTS. 
 
 Order I. Coleoptera. Wings 2, covered by 2 fhells, 
 divided by a longitudinal future. 
 II. Hemtptera. Sliells, or covers of the 
 wings fomewhat "foft and incumbent 
 on each other. 
 
 III. Lepidoptera. Wings 4, imbricated with 
 
 minute fcales. 
 
 IV. Neuroptera. Wings 4, naked, tranf- 
 
 parent, reticulated with veins or 
 nerves. Tail without fting. 
 V. Hymenoptcra. Wings 4, membraneous. 
 Tail of the female armed with a fting. 
 
 ■ VI. Dip- 
 
 \ 
 
( xiii ) 
 
 VI. Dlptera. Wings 2. 
 VII. Jptera. No wings. 
 
 VI. VERMES. 
 
 Order I. Intejlina. Naked, fimple, without limbs. 
 II. Mollujca. Simple, without ftell ; but 
 not entirely v/ithout limbs. 
 
 III. Tejtacea. Inclofed in a hard fhcll move- 
 
 able by the animal. 
 
 IV. Lithopkyta. Coral. 
 
 V. Zoophyia. Stems vegetating and chang- 
 ing into animals. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 ANIMAL KINGDOM. 
 
 CLASS I. 
 MAMMALIA 
 
 Suckle their Young. Quadrupeds, except the 
 laft Order. 
 
 Ord. I. PRIMATES. 
 
 Four parallel upper fore-teeth. Two peroral 
 mammjE. 
 
 HOMO. Fore-teeth fharp-edged. Walks 
 ereft. 
 
 i. Sapiens. Rational Man. 
 
 VESPERTILIO. Teeth fharp-pointed. 
 Flies. 
 
 1. Auritus. Long-eared Bat. Ears double and 
 
 larger than the head. Len^ith not 
 quite two inches. 
 
 2. Murinus. Short-eared Bat. Length 2 \ 
 
 inches. 
 
 B IIL FER.*:, 
 
 D. H. HILL LIBRARY, 
 
2 MAMMALIA. F E R ^, 
 
 III. F E R iE. 
 
 Upper fore teeth 6, fomewhat fiiarp and 
 conici Canine teeth 2 in each jaw, longer 
 than the reft. 
 
 PHOCA. Hind legs horizontal. Feet 
 webbed. 
 
 1. Vitulina. SeaU or Sea Calf. No external 
 ears. Length 5 or 6 feet. Frequent 
 on the rocky fliores of Wales, Corn- 
 wall, and Ireland. 
 
 CANIS. Fore teeth in each jaw 6. Grin- 
 ders 6 or 7. Canine teeth curved. 
 Lateral fore teeth longer and diftant 
 from the reft; the intermediate ones 
 lobed. Five toes before, 4 behind, 
 
 1. Familiaris. Do^. Tail bends to the left. 
 
 o 
 
 Varieties. Majliff^ Hound, Greyhound^ 
 Pointer, Spaniel, Terrier, Shock, Lap- 
 dog, Cur, 
 
 2. Vulpes. Fox, Tail a brufli, not bent, and 
 
 tipt v/ith white. Lips white. Fore- 
 feet black. 
 
 FELIS. Fore-teeth equal. Grinders 6 in 
 each jaw. Tongue rough. Claws r?- 
 tra6tile. 
 
 I. Catus. Cat. Tail long, annulated. Body- 
 marked with fpirai, and 3 longitudinal 
 ftripes. Our tame cats are lefs in ftze, 
 and vary in colour. 
 
MAMMALIA. F L R JE, J 
 
 MUSTELA. Fore-teeth in each jaw 6 j 
 thofe of the under-jaw clofe, obtufe, 
 with two interior ones. Body long 
 and flender. Legs fliort. Five toes on 
 each foot. 
 
 i. Lutra. Otter. Colour dark brown, with 
 two v/hite fpots on each iide the note; 
 Length 3 feet 3 inches. Tail com- 
 preflcd and taper. Eyes fmall. Ears 
 Ihort. Long whifkers. Feet webbed. 
 
 2. Martes. Martbu Colour dark brown. 
 
 Throat and bread: white, or yellow. 
 Length 2 feet and a half. Canine 
 teeth large. Skin and excrement fmell 
 like mufk. Nofe fharp. 
 
 3. Putorius. Polecat, Length about two fce^. 
 
 Colour blackifh tawny. Muzzle and 
 ears white. Nofe fliarp. 
 
 4. Erminea. Sioat^ or ErTnlne. Upper part of 
 
 the body pale brown; under v/hite. 
 Tail tipt with black, ears and toes with 
 white. Length 15 inches. 
 
 5. Nivalis. IFeefcl^ or Foumart. Upper part of 
 ■■ the body and tail entirely tawny. 
 
 Throat and belly white. Length 9 
 inches. 
 
 URSUS. Fore teeth in each jaw 6 ; up- 
 per ones excavated. Grinders 5 or-6". 
 Body thick and clumfy. Toes 5 on 
 each foot. 
 
 i. Meles. Badger. Length 2 feet and half. Up- 
 per part of the body grey j under, black. 
 B 2 Tail 
 
4- MAMMALIA GLIRES. 
 
 Tail fhort, with long ftiff hair. Face 
 black and white. Fore claws long. A 
 tranfverfe orifice between the tail and 
 the anus. Three black briftles over 
 each eye. 
 
 TALPA. Upper fore-teeth 6 j lower 8. 
 
 1. Europaea. Mole. Five toes on each foot. 
 
 Snout long. Eyes fmall. Fur remark- 
 ably foft. No external ears. Fore legs 
 fhort, with broad feet turned outwards. 
 
 SOREX. Upper fore-teeth 2, bifid j 
 lower 4 ; canine feveral. 
 
 \. Aruneus. Shrew-Moufe. Snout and tail long. 
 Above brown ; Beneath dirty white. 
 Toes 5 on each foot. Eyes fmall. 
 Length 4 inches. 
 
 ERINACEUS. Fore-teeth 2 in each 
 jaw J canine teeth 4 above, 3 beneath. 
 
 2. Europaeus. Hedgehog, Five toes on each foot. 
 
 Long Snout. Body covered with long 
 fharp briftles. Length 1 1 inches. 
 
 IV. GLIRES. 
 
 Fore- teeth 2 in each jaw, remote from the grin- 
 ders. No canine teeth. 
 
 LEPUS. Ears long. Tail fhort. Up- 
 per foreteeth double. Toes 5 before, 
 4 behind, 
 
 I. Timidas» 
 
MAMMALIA. GLIRES. 5 
 
 1. Timidus. Hare. Ears tipt with black. 
 
 2, Cuniculus. Rabbit. Ears almoft naked. Pupil 
 
 of the eyes red. 
 
 MUS. Lower fore-teeth fmall, pointed. 
 Toes 4 before, 5 behind. Tail long. 
 
 I. Norvegicus. Norway Rat. Length to the tail 
 9 inches ; tail 9 inches. Back tawny. 
 Belly dirty white. Feet and legs al- 
 moft bare. Tail fcaly. Omitted by 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 •2. Terreftris. Short-taiVd Fleld-moufe. Head 
 large. Length to the tail 6 inches ; 
 tail I 4- inch, ending in abrulh. Back 
 rufty black j belly afh colour. 
 
 3. Amphibius. Water Rat. Length to the tail 
 
 7 inches ; tail 5. Body covered with 
 long hairs brownifh black. Belly grey. 
 Tail black, white at the extremity. 
 Ears and eyes fmall. 
 
 4. Rattiis. Common Rat. Tail longer than tfie 
 
 body. On the fore feet 4 claws and a 
 kind of thumb nail ; behind 5. White 
 whifkers. 
 
 5. Mufculus. Common Moufe. Differs very lit- 
 
 tle from the Common Rat, except in 
 being much lefs. 
 
 6. Avellanarius. Dormoufe. Toes 4 before, 5 
 
 . behind, the interior of which wants 
 the nail. Tail 2 \ inches, thick fet 
 with hair. Colour tawny red. Throat 
 white. Size of the common moufe. 
 
 B 3 7. Sylv*^ 
 
^ MAMMALIA. P E C O R A, 
 
 7, Sylvaticus. Long- tailed Field Moufe. DifFer 
 
 from the common rat and common 
 
 moui'e chiefly in being lefs than the 
 
 i former and larger than the latter. Back 
 
 brown. Belly grey. 
 
 ^. Lefs Long-tailed Field Monfe. 
 
 From nofe to tail 2 \ inches; tail 2 
 inches. Weight 4 of an ounce. Ears 
 naked. Back and belly divided by a 
 , . ilrait line on each fide. 
 
 SCIURUS. Upper fore-teeth like wedges4 
 lower comprefled,,, I 
 
 4;. yulgtiris. . Squirrel. Colour red - brown ; 
 breaft ^nd belly v.'hlte. • Ears tufted. 
 
 .iV. P.E.eORA. 
 
 • 'D }K '!)irfw (''■ 
 Upper fore-teeth none. Under fore-teeth 
 B^ diftant from the grindefs., Canipe teeth none. 
 Hoof divided. ^, ^.^^ :,;ii nO .(->,.. 
 ;m. /.'CERVUS; Hornsrfulid, riugH, annual. 
 
 1. Elaphus. Stag, Red Deer, or Hart. Horns 
 V ^ . -round, branched, and turn backward. 
 
 '2. 'Mma. '":&iick, or Fallow Deer. Horns com- 
 prelled, branched, turned backward, 
 ' ^nd broad at the extremities. 
 
 3. Capreolus. Roebuck.' Horns round, ereft, 
 
 '; ,and bifid at the extremity. Leaft fpe- 
 
 ■ cies, In the highlands of Scotland. 
 ..,;jor- *• ' & CAPRA. 
 
MAMMALIA. EZLLU^ 7 
 
 CAPRA. Horns hollow, rough, fimplc, 
 ere£t, bending backwards. Body co- 
 vered with long hair. 
 
 1. Hircus. Goat. Horns edged on the interior 
 fide, round on the exterior. Long 
 beard. 
 
 OVIS. Horns rough, hollow, fimplc, 
 fpiral, turning outwards. Body go- 
 vered with wool. 
 
 I. Aries. Sheep. Horns comprefled. 
 
 BOS. Horns fmooth, fimple, hollow. 
 
 J, Taurus. Ox. Horns round, curving up- 
 wards and outwards. 
 
 Y$: B E L L U ^. 
 
 Fore-teeth, in each jaw, obtufe, truncated. 
 No horns. 
 
 EQUUS. Fore-teeth 6 in each jaw. 
 Hoof undivided. 
 
 1. Caballus. Horfe. Tail covered entirelv 
 
 with long hair. Ears fhort, ereit. 
 Mane long. 
 
 2. Afinus. Jfs. Long hair towards the ex- 
 
 tremity of the tail. Ears long, flaccid. 
 A black crofs on the top of the 
 (houlders. 
 
 SUS. Hoof divitie^. 2 tufe i^n each jaw. 
 B 4 I, Sctofa. 
 
8 MAMMALIA. GET E. 
 
 I. Scrbfa. Hog. Ridge befet with ftrong 
 briftles. 
 
 VI^ CETE. 
 
 Spiracula, or fpout in the upper furface of 
 the head. Perioral foft fins. Tail horizontal. 
 Copulate like quadrupeds, which they refemble 
 glfo in the ftrudurc and ufe of their internal 
 parts. 
 
 BAL^NA. No teeth. Spout double. 
 
 1. Myfticetus. Whale. No dorfal fin. Spout 
 
 in the middle of the head. Under 
 jaw much larger than the upper. Eyes 
 very frr.all and diftant from e?.ch other. 
 Skin fmooth. Belly white. The largeft 
 of all animals. Dde Harw. 409. 
 
 2. Phyfalus. Fin-back Whale. A dorfal fin near 
 
 the tail. Body long and fmall. Belly 
 fmooth. Dale Hariu. 410. 
 
 3. Boops. Pike-headed^ or Sharp-nofed IVhale. 
 
 Horny protuberance on the back to- 
 wards the tail. Back fmooth and (hin- 
 ing. Longitudinal folds on the belly. 
 Dale Harw, 410. Sib. Ohf. 29. 
 
 4. Mufculus. Round-nojed Wl^ale . A dorfal fin. 
 
 Under jaw much larger than the upper. 
 Belly folded. Sib. Obf. 33. 
 
 PHYSETER. Teeth in the under jaw. 
 
 X. Catodon. Lefs IVhale. No dorfal fin. Spout 
 in the nofe. 
 
 2. Mar 
 
MAMMALIA. CETE. g 
 
 2. Macrocephalus. Sper?na-ceti IVkale. No dor- 
 
 fal fin. Spoilt in tlie back part of the 
 head. Double row of teeth in num- 
 ber 46. Length 50 or 60 feet. 
 
 3. Microps. Sharp-toothed TJ^ljak. Dorfal fin 
 
 long. Upper maxilla longer than the 
 under. Teeth hooked. Spout in the 
 middle of the nole. 
 
 4. Turfio. Blunt-toothed Whale. Dorfal fin very 
 
 long and eredl. Spout in the forehead. 
 
 DELPHINUS. Teeth in each jaw. One 
 dorfal fin. 
 
 1. Phoccena. Porpefs. Back broad and black. 
 
 Belly white. Nofe ftiort, obtufe. 
 Teeth fmall, acute. 
 
 2. Delphis. Dolphin. Body long, and nearly 
 
 round. Nofe long, (harp, with a broad 
 tranfverfe mark. Teeth fmall, point- 
 ed. Length 9 or 10 feet. 
 
 3. Orca. Grampus. Teeth obtufe. Nofe turned 
 
 a little upwards. Upper jaw much lefs 
 than the under. Length 24 feet. 
 
 CLASS 
 
lO BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. 
 
 CLASS II. 
 
 BIRDS. 
 
 Body covered with Feathers. 
 
 I. ACCIPETRES. 
 
 BirJs of prey. Bill and claws flrong, hook- 
 ed. An angle in each margin of the upper man- 
 dible. Body mufcular. Females larger and more 
 beautiful than the males. 
 
 FALCO. Bill arched from the bafe, which 
 is covered with a wax-like membran* 
 or cere. 
 
 1. Oflefragus. Sea Eagle. Cere yellow. Co- 
 
 lour light brown. Legs yellow and 
 feathered half way down. Tail fpotted 
 with white. . Claws black. In feveral 
 parts of Britain and Ireland^ 
 
 2. Chryfaetos. Golden Eagle. Cere and legs 
 
 yellow, feathered to the toes. Wings 
 reach to the extremity of the tail. 
 Beak lead colour. Irrides hazel. Co- 
 lour dark brown. "Weight 12 pounds. 
 Tail clouded with dark afh colour. In 
 the mountainous parts of Ireland, an4 
 fometimcs in Wales. 
 
 *?. Fulvus. 
 
BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. If 
 
 tf Fulvus. Ringtail Eagle. Refembles the laft 
 in fize and colour, but diftinguifhed 
 by a broad white band acrofs the tail. 
 
 4. Albiulla. Ente. Bill, cere, irrides and legs 
 
 pale yellow. Between the eyes bare. 
 Head and neck afh colour. Body dark 
 brown. Tail white. Lefs than the 
 former. Lin. Syjl, Nat. Ed. 12. p. 123. 
 
 5. Pygargus. Hen-Harrier. Male : cere and 
 ' feet yellow. Above grey ; beneath 
 
 white. Weight 12 ounces. Length 
 17 inches. Female: A rough round 
 the head. Under each eye a white 
 fpot. Back dufky ; rump white. Belly 
 redifh brown. Weight 16 ounces. 
 Length 20 inches. 
 
 ^. Milvus. Kite. Cere and legs yellow. Head 
 grey. Back brown. Tail forked. Flies 
 remarkably fteady. 
 
 -7. Gentilis. Falcon Gentle. Cere, irrides, and 
 feet yellow. Above deep brown. Breaft 
 and belly yellowifh with longitudinal 
 fpots. 5 or 6 broad bars acrofs the 
 tail. Feather of the head black edged 
 with brown. Sib. Scot. II. lib. 3. p. 14. 
 
 €. Subbuteo. Hobby, or T7'ee Falcon. Cere and 
 feet yellow. Above black brown. Be- 
 neath white, with long brown fpots on 
 the breaft. Back of the neck white. 
 Under each eye a dark longitudinal 
 fpot. Length 12 inches. Weight of 
 the male 7 ounces. 
 
 ,9. Butco. Common Buzzard. Cere and feet 
 
 pale 
 
li BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. 
 
 pale yellow. Beak lead colour. Above 
 ferruginous brown. Beneath yellowifli 
 white, fpotted with brown. Tail barred 
 with black and afh colour, and tipt 
 with brownifh white. Weight 32 
 oz. Length 22 inches. 
 
 10. Tinnunculus. Kejlril. Cere and feet yel- 
 
 low. Male: Head light grey : tail the 
 fame, with a black bar near the end 
 and tipt with white. Back purple 
 fpotted with black. Weight 6 ~ oz. 
 Length 14 inches. Female : Back lefs 
 bright. Head and tail pale brown fpot- 
 ted with black. Weight 11 ounces. 
 
 11. Lanarius. Lanner. Cere yellow-blue. Bill 
 
 and feet blue. Above deep brown. 
 Beneath yellow-white, with brown 
 fpots. A white line above each eye. 
 
 12. Haliaetus. Ofprcy. Cere and feet blue. 
 
 Back brown. Belly and back of the 
 head white. A brown patch from the 
 eye down each fide- the neck. Legs 
 naked. Weight 62 oz. Length 23 
 inches. 
 
 13. Gyrfalco. Gyr falcon. Cere and feet blue. 
 
 Beak and legs yellow. Body white 
 fpotted with dark lines. Length 20 
 inches. 
 
 14. Apivorus. Honey Buzzard. Cere and bill 
 
 black. Legs yellow and half naked. 
 Head afti colour. Back brown. Breaft 
 and belly white, fpotted. Tail barred. 
 Claws brown and not much curved. 
 Weight 30 oz. Length 23 inches. 
 
 15, iEru-r 
 
BIRDS. ACCIPETRE9. I3 
 
 15. i^ruginofus. Moor Buzzard. Cere green ifh 
 yellow. Body chocolate tinged with 
 brown. Legs Ion? and flender. Beak 
 and Talons black. Weight 20 oz. 
 Length 21 inches. 
 
 >6. Palumbarius. Gos Haivk. Cere yellow-green. 
 Irrides and feet yellow. Beak and 
 talons black. Head and back deep 
 brown. Breaft and belly white waved 
 with brown. A white line above the 
 eye. Tail barred and much longer 
 than the wings when folded. Length 
 22 inches, 
 
 17. Nifus. Sparrow Haivk. Cere green-yellow. 
 Feet yellow. Bill blue. Claws black. 
 Above brown, or grey. Beneatih tawny 
 white, waved with brown. Tail afh 
 colour, barred and tipt with white. 
 Weight of the male 5 oz. female 9. 
 
 18 Peregrine Falcon. Cere, irrides, 
 
 legs and feet yellow. Beak blue. Claws 
 black. Above afh colour barred with 
 black and blue. Beneath white tinned 
 with brown, with longitudinal and 
 tranfverfe lines. Length 16 inches. 
 Builds annually in the rocks of Llan- 
 didno in Carnarvonfli. 
 
 19. ...... Grey Falcon. Cere and legs yel- 
 low. Irrides red. Fore part of the 
 head deep brown ; hind part white. 
 Sides of the head and throat cream co- 
 lour. Belly white v.'ith long black 
 fpots. Back deep grey. Wings folded 
 
 extend 
 
t4 BIRDS. ACClPETRES* 
 
 extend beyond the extremity of trie 
 tail. Legs long and naked. 
 
 20 Merlin. Cere and legs yellow; 
 
 Bill lead colour. Above purpleifh a(h 
 colour with ferruginous fpots. Beneath 
 yellowifti white with brown fpots. 
 Tail barred with brown. Length 6 ^ 
 inches. 
 
 STRIX. Bill (hort, hooked, without 
 cere. Head large. A broad difk fur- 
 rounding each eye. Legs feathered to 
 the toes. Tongue bifid. Nocturnal. 
 
 1. Otus. Long- eared Owl. Bill and claws black. 
 
 Plumage red-brown variegated with 
 white. Auricular feathers 6. Length 
 of the female 14 inches. In the North 
 and in Wales. 
 
 2. . . . « . Short-eared Owl. Horns, or Ears a 
 
 fingle feather. Above brown. Be- 
 neath pale yellow. Qiiill feathers bar- 
 red with red. Tip of the tail v;hitei 
 Length 13 inches and a half. Br. Zool. 
 71. 8vo. 156. 
 
 3. Flammea. White Owl. Above pale yellow, 
 
 with white fpots. Beneath white. In- 
 terior fides of the quill feathers 4 black 
 fpots on each fide. Edge of the mid- 
 dle claw ferrated. Weight ii ounces. 
 Length 14 inches. 
 
 4. StriJuIa. Tawny Owl. Above tawny red, 
 
 fpotted with black and white. Be- 
 neath 
 
BIRDS. ACCIPETRES. I5 
 
 neath yellowifh with black longitudinal 
 flrokes. 
 
 5. Ulula. Brown Oivl. Above deep brown fpot- 
 
 ted with black and white. Beneath 
 pale afh colour mixt with tawny, with 
 black {Irokes. Diik round the eyes aih 
 colour with brown fpots, 
 
 6. PafTerina. Litt/e Owl. Not much larger than 
 
 a thrufh. Irrides and bill pale yellow. 
 Above olive brown with white fpots. 
 Beneath white with brown fpots. In 
 Yorkiliire, Flintihire, and fometimes 
 near London. 
 
 LANIUS. Bill hooked towards the end, 
 with a notch in the upper mandible. 
 Tongue jagged. 
 
 1. Excubitor. Great ojh coloured Butcher bird. 
 
 Bill and legs black. Tail wedged, 
 black in the middle and white on the 
 fides. Crown and back afh colour. 
 Win2;s black with a white bar. Cheeks 
 white with a black flroke. Weight 3 
 oz. Leno-th 10 inches. Migrates. 
 
 2. Collurio. Red- backed Butcher Bird, or Flujher. 
 
 Bill and Tail like the former. Head, 
 rump, and legs afh colour. Back red- 
 brown. Beneath blofibm. Black ftroke 
 acrofs the eyes. Weight 2 oz. Length 
 7 ~ inches. 
 
 2 Wood Chat. Bill horn colour, with 
 
 white feathers at the bafe. Black line 
 
 crofs tiie eye, extending clown the 
 
 5 neck. 
 
l6 BIRDS. P I C JE. 
 
 neck. Head and back of the neck 
 bright bay. Back dufky. Scapulars 
 white. Q^iill feathers black, with a 
 white fpot towards the bottom. Breaft 
 and belly yellowifh white. Two mid- 
 dle feathers of the tail and legs black. 
 Size like the former. Br. Zool. fol. 74.. 
 8vo. 164. Migrates. 
 
 II. PICiE. 
 
 Bill comprefTed, convex. 
 
 CORVUS. Bill ftrong, conic, with brif- 
 tles at its bafe reflected downwards. 
 Tongue bifid. 
 
 1. Corax. Raven. Above fhining bluifti black. 
 
 Beneath dufky. Weight 3 pounds. 
 Length 26 inches. 
 
 2. Corone. Crow. The whole body bluifh 
 
 black. Tail rounded. Weight 20 
 oz. Length 18 inches. 
 
 3. Frugilegus. Rook. Colour bluifh black. 
 
 Noftrils, chin and fides of the mouth 
 white and bare. Somewhat larger than 
 the laft. 
 
 4. Comix. Royjion-Crotu. Back, breaft, belly, 
 
 and upper part of the neck afli colour ; 
 the reft bluifti black. Weight 22 oz. 
 Length 22 inches. Migrates. 
 
 3. Frugilegus. Rook. Colour bluifti black. 
 
 Noftrils, chin and fides o( the mouth 
 
 I white 
 
BIRDS. PI CM. 17 
 
 white and bare. Somewhat larger than 
 the laft. 
 
 5. Alonedula. Jackdaw. Back of the Head, 
 
 Breaft a.nd Belly afti colour ; the reft 
 black. Irides white. Weight 9 oz. 
 Length 13 inches. 
 
 6. Glandarius. 'Jay. Head covered with long 
 
 feathers. Forehead white with black 
 ftrokes. Neck black. Coverts of the 
 Wings fine blue, barred with black and 
 white. Back, Breaft, and Belly, purple, 
 daftied with grey. Rump white. Tail 
 black. Weight 6 oz. Length 13 
 inches. 
 
 7. Caryocatafles. Nutcracker. Brown, fpotted 
 
 with triangular white fpots. Wings 
 black. Tail black, rounded, tipt with 
 white. Rare in this Kingdom. 
 
 8. Pica. Magpye. Black and white. Tail, long, 
 
 wcdge-fafhioned and richly tinged. 
 Weight 9 oz. Length 18 inches. 
 
 9. Graculus. Cornijh Cough. Purplifh black. 
 
 Bill and Legs orange. Weigh; 13 oz. 
 Length 16 inches. Cornwall^ FlintJ}). 
 Caernarvonjlnrc, and Jnglefea. 
 
 COR ACIAS. Bill fharp-edged, and curved 
 towards the apex. 
 
 I. Garrula. Roller. Colour greenifli blue. 
 Back red-brown. Bill black. Legs 
 yellow. Tail forked. Weight 7 oz. 
 Length 1 3 inches. Rare in this illand. 
 
 C CUCULUS. 
 
l8 BIRDS. P I C M, 
 
 CUCULUS. Bill roundifti and curved a 
 little. Noftrils circular, with a raifed 
 margin. Tongue entire, pointed. Two 
 fore and 2 hind claws. 
 
 I. Canorus. Cucho. Above afh-colour. Be- 
 neath white, waved with tranfverfe black 
 lines. Tail rounded and fpotted with 
 white. Weight 5 oz. Length 14 
 inches. Migrates. 
 
 o 
 
 YUNX. Bill fliort, roundifh, pointed. 
 Noftrils concave, naked. Tongue very 
 long, cylindrical. Two fore and two 
 hind claws. 
 
 I . Torquilla. Wryneck. Above afh-colour, with 
 i)lack and brown ftrokes. Beneath 
 light brown, with black fpots. Tail 
 alh-colour, with 4 black bars. Irides 
 hazel. Weight li oz. Length 7 inches. 
 Migrates. 
 
 PICUS. Bill angular, ftrait. Noftrils co- 
 vered with recumbent briftles. Ton- 
 gue very long and round, with a fliarp, 
 hard, barbed point. Two fore and 2 
 hind claws. 
 
 1. Viridis. Green TVoodpecker. Crown crimfon. 
 Back green. Rump pale yellow. Be- 
 neath pale green. Tail tipt with black. 
 Bill lead colour. Legs and Feet greenifti 
 afli-colour. Weight 6^ oz. Length 
 13 inches. 
 
 •2. Major. 
 
B I R D S. PIC JE, 19 
 
 2. Major. '^Greater fpotted Woodpecker. Irides 
 
 red. Crown of the Kead black, back 
 part crimfon. A black collar round 
 the neck. Back and Rump black. 
 Cheeks and Scapulars white. Breaft 
 yellovvifh white. Weight 3 bz. Length 
 9 inches. 
 
 3. Medius. Lejs fpttcd Woodpecker . Crown and 
 ^- back of the Head crimfon. Above black. 
 
 Scapulars white. On each fide the 
 Breaft a broad black line. Length 8 i- 
 inches. Three exterior feathers of the 
 Tail tipt with white. 
 
 4. Minor. Lcajl fpotted IVoodpecker. Crown 
 
 crimfon. Above black barred with 
 white. Beneath (iirty v^-hitc. Weight 
 I oz. Len2:th 6 inches. In the Fe- 
 male the crown is white. 
 
 SITTA. Bill ftrait, roundi{h, and com- 
 prefTed at the apex. Three fore and i 
 hind Toe. 
 
 Europsa. Nuthatch^ or Woodcracker, Upper 
 mandible black, lower white. Crov/n 
 black. Black firokc acrnfs the Eyes. 
 Cheeks and Chin v/hite. Coverts of the 
 Wings bluifli afh-colour. Beneath dull 
 orange. Legs pale yellow. Twelve 
 feathers in the Tail. Weight i oz. 
 Length 6 inches. 
 
 ALCEDO. Bill triangular, thick, ftrait, 
 long. Tongue fliort, fliarp. 
 
 C 2 I. Ifpida. 
 
20 BIRDS. ANSERES. 
 
 I. Ifplda. Kmgfijher. Bill, upper mandible 
 black, under yellow. Crown and Co- 
 verts of the Wings dark green, fpotted 
 with blue. Scapulars and Coverts of 
 the Tail bright azure. Beneath orange. 
 Tail deep blue. Feet orange. Weight 
 i^ oz. Length 7 inches. 
 
 UPUPA. Bill arched, convex, and fome- 
 what obtufe. 
 
 I . Epops. Hoopoe. Crefl: orange, tipt with black, 
 2 inches long. Bill and Legs black. 
 Neck tinged with red. Beneath v\^hite. 
 Above barred with black and white. 
 Rump v/hite. Tail of 10 feathers 
 black and white. Migrates. 
 
 CERTHIA. Bill arched, flender, and fome- 
 what angular. Tongue fharp. 
 
 I. Familiaris. Creeper. Above brown, ftreaked 
 with black. Quills tipt with white. 
 Beneath white. Tail of 12 long fea- 
 thers. Weight 5 drams. Length 5^ 
 
 inciies. 
 
 in. ANSERES. 
 
 Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, 
 broad, gibbous below the bafe, fwtlled at the 
 apex. Tongue fiefliy, Legs naked. Feet webbed, 
 or finned. 
 
 ANAS. 
 
BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 21 
 
 ANAS. Bill convex above, flat beneath, 
 hooked at the apex, with membraneous 
 Teeth. 
 
 2. Cygnus. JVild Swan. Cere yellow. Bill 
 black. Plumage white. Legs and 
 Feet brown. 
 
 Manfuetus. Tame Szvan. Cere knotty 
 and black. Bill red, tiptwith 
 black. Feet lead colour. 
 Larger than the former. 
 
 2. Tadorna. Sheldrake, or Burrough Duck. Bill 
 
 red. Head dark creen. Neck and 
 Back v/hite. Scapulars black. Breaft 
 orange. Belly white, divided by a lon- 
 gitudinal black line. Tail white, tipt 
 with black. Legs pale red. Weight 
 2lb. 10 oz. Length 2 feet. On the 
 fea coaft. 
 
 3. Fufca, Velvet Duck. Bill broad and fhort, 
 
 fides yellow, hook red, and a black tu- 
 bercle at the bafe. Plumage black, 
 with a white fpot behind each Eye, and 
 on each Wing. Legs red ; Webs and 
 Nails black. Female: deep brown. 
 
 ^. Nigra. Scoter, or black Diver. Plumage en- 
 tirely black. Bill black, yellow in the 
 middle, with tvvol.irge red tubercles at 
 the bafe. The Sorbonne pronounced 
 this bird to be a fifh, and therefore 
 might be eaten in Lent. 
 
 5. Marila. Scaup Duck. Bill lead colour. Plead, 
 
 Neck, Breafl^, and Tail black. Belly 
 
 white. Back grey. Lefs Qinlls white 
 
 C 3 ti^rt 
 
22 BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 
 
 tipt with black. This fpecies varies 
 greatly in colour. 
 
 6. Anfer. Goofe. In its wild ftate, above brown, 
 
 Bene:ith white. A white ring round 
 the Tail. Bill narrow, middle red, 
 bafe and hook black. 
 
 7. Erythropus. White-fronted Mid Goofe. Bill 
 
 orange, thicker and larger than the laft. 
 Forehead white. Crown brown. Breaft 
 adi-colour. Belly white, with large 
 black fpots. Back grey. Tail black. 
 Legs orange. 
 
 S. Barnacle. Bill black. A black line 
 
 from the Bill to the Eyes. Forehead 
 and Cheeks v/hite. Back of the Head, 
 Neck, and Shoulders black. Back gxty. 
 Belly white. Tail and Legs black. 
 Frequent in Winter on the north-wefl 
 coaft, 
 
 o. Bernicla. Brent Goof. Head, Neck, Tail, 
 "" Quills, Legs black. Breaft, Scapulars 
 
 .ind Coverts of the Wings afli- colour. 
 
 Frequent in Ireland, where they are 
 
 called Bernacles. 
 
 ic. Molliflima. Eider Duck. Bill, Forehead, 
 Bellv, Tail, and Quills black. Crown, 
 Cheeks, Neck, Back, Coverts of the 
 Wings and Scapulars white. A black 
 bar atrofs the Eyes. A green ftain on 
 the back of the Neck. Legs green. 
 
 ii. Clypeata. Shoveller. Bill black, and very 
 broad at the end. Irides hazel. Head 
 dark ^reen. Breaft and Scapulars white. 
 
 Back 
 
BIRDS. ANSERES. 2^. 
 
 Back brown. Coverts of the Wings 
 blue. Tail of 14 feathers, exteriors 
 white, thofe in the middle black, edged 
 with white. Vent feathers black. 
 Legs red. Weight 22 oz. Length 22 
 inches. 
 
 12 Red-breajled Shoveller. Bill large, 
 
 broad, ferrated, brown-yellow. Head 
 Jarge. Eyes fmall ; Irides yellow. 
 Breaft red-brown. Barkbrown, Wings, ^ 
 quills brown, the reft grey, fpot pur- 
 ple, edged with white. Tail white. 
 Feet red-brown. Size of a common 
 Duck. Lincoln/hire. 
 
 13. Strepera. Gadwall. Bill black. Head brown, 
 
 fpotted with black. Breaft, Back, and 
 Scapulars marked with black and white 
 lines. Belly dirty white. Rump black. 
 Tail afli-colour, edged with white. 
 A white fpot on the Wings. Legs 
 orange. 
 
 14. Clangula. Golden Eye. Bill, Back, Tail, and 
 
 Coverts of the Wino;s black. Beneath 
 white. Middle of the Wings white, the 
 reft black. A white fpot on each fide the 
 Mouth. Leo;s oranse. Weight 2 
 pounds. Length 19 inches. Sea coaft, 
 and on the lakes in Shrcpjhire. 
 
 15. Penelops. JVigeon. Bill lead-colour tipt 
 
 with black. Head bright bay. Back 
 waved with black and white. Breaft 
 purplifli. Belly white. Vent black. 
 Middle quills green, tipt with black. 
 Tail, 2 middle feathers black, longer, 
 C 4 pointed ; 
 
24 BIRDS. ANSERES. 
 
 pointed ; the reft afh-colour. Weight 
 23 oz. Length 20 inches. 
 
 16. Glacialis. SwaUcw-tair d Sheldrake. Bill, 
 
 bafe and tip black, middle orange. 
 Neck, Scapubrs, Belly, and exterior 
 feathers of the Tail white. Breaft and 
 Back chocolate colour. Four middle 
 feathers of the Tail black, and 4 inches 
 longer than the reft. On our coafts in 
 hard winters only. 
 
 17. Ferina. Pochard, or Dun Bird. Bill and 
 
 Legs lead-colour. Head and Neck bright 
 bay. Breaft and upper part of the Back 
 black. Above grey, with black lines. 
 Belly afli- colour. Tail of 12 feathers 
 dark grey. Weight 28 oz. Length 
 19 inches. 
 
 18 Ferrugmous Duck. Bill and Legs 
 
 pale blue. Plumage red-brown. Webs 
 black. 
 
 19. ...... Grey-headed Duck. Bill and Legs 
 
 yellow-brown. Iridcs gold colour. 
 Head and Breaft grey. Neck and Belly 
 white. Back, Wings, and Tail black. 
 
 20. Querquedula. Gargancy. Bill and Legs lead 
 
 colour. Black fpot on the chin. A 
 white line from the corner of each Eye. 
 Cheeks and upper part of the Neck pale 
 purple, with fmall white lines. Breaft 
 brown, with black curved lines. Belly 
 white. Exterior v/ebs of the middle 
 quills green. 
 
 21. Crecfa. 
 
BIRDS. ANSERES. 25 
 
 21. Crecca. Teal. Bill and Vent feathers black. 
 
 Head bay, with a green and a white 
 line on each fide. Beneath dirty white. 
 A green and a black fpot on the Wings. 
 Coverts of the Wings brown. Tail 
 pointed. Weight 12 oz. Length 17 
 inches. 
 
 22. Bofchas. Mallard^ Wild or Tame Duck. 
 
 Bill green-yellow. Head and Neck 
 green. An imperfe£l: white circle round 
 the Neck. Beneath grey. Scapulars 
 white, barred with brown. Spot on 
 the Wings purple. Tail of 24 feathers, 
 4 middle ones black, and curled up- 
 wards in the Male. 
 
 23. Fuligula. Tufted Duck. Bill and Legs lead- 
 
 colour. Creft pendent. Belly and 
 middle Quills white. The reft of the 
 Plumage black. Weight 2 lb. Length 
 15 inches. Female wants the creft. 
 
 MERGUS. Bill long, roundifh, taper, 
 ferratcd and hooked at the apex. A 
 Creft on the Head. Migrate. 
 
 I. Merganfer. Goofander. Male: Bill, Lides 
 and Legs red. Head green-black. Neck 
 Breaft, and Belly, pale yellow. Wings 
 and Tail black and white. Weight 41b. 
 Length 2 feet 4 inches. 
 
 Dun Diver, Female : Head ferruginous. 
 Back and Tail afti-colour. 
 Lefs than the Male. 
 
 2. Serrator. 
 
l6 ' BIRDS. A N S E R E S.. 
 
 2. Serrator. Lefs Dun Diver. Lower Mandible 
 
 andlridesred. Head red-brown. Throat 
 and Belly white. B;eaft and ridge of 
 the Wings, Scapulars, Back, and Tail 
 a{h- colour. Wings black and white. 
 Weight alb. Length 21 inches. 
 
 3. Albellus. Smew, or White Nun. Bill and 
 
 Legs lead-colour. A long Crcft. Above 
 black and white. Beneath white. 
 Head and Neck white. A green-black 
 fpot on each fide the Head. Tail afh- 
 colour. Weight 34 oz. Length 18 
 inches. 
 
 Lough Diver. Female : Lefs than the 
 Male. Head ferruginous. 
 Breaft clouded with grey. 
 
 4. Minutus. Red-headed Smew. Bill lead-co- 
 
 lour. Head red-brown, with a fmall 
 Creft, and a black fpot on each lide. 
 Cheeks, Throat, and Belly white. Back 
 Tail and Legs afli-colour. Win2;s black 
 and white. Weight 15 oz. Length 
 16 inches. 
 
 ALCA. Bill fhort, compreffed, convex, 
 furrowed tranfverfely, and njt feriated. 
 No back Toe. 
 
 I. Torda. Jivk. Bill, He^d, Throat, Rack, Tail, 
 Legs black. Tips of the Wings and 
 Belly white. A white line from the 
 Eyes to the Bill. On the upper Man- 
 dible 4 grooves, on the under 3. 
 Weight 22 oz. Length iB inches. 
 
 1 2. Pica. 
 
BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 27 
 
 2. Pica. Black-blird Awk. Cheeks, Chin, and 
 
 Throat white. In other refpe6ls iilce 
 the former. Weight 18 oz. Length 
 15 inches. 
 
 3. Impennis. Great Avok^ or Pinguln. Wings 
 
 very fhort. A white fpot between 
 the Eyes and Bill. Under fide of the 
 Body and tips of the Wings white ; the 
 reft black. Length to the end of the 
 Toes 3 feet. On the ifle of St. Kilda. 
 
 4. Arclica. Puffin. Bill comprefled, triangular, 
 
 fliarp-pointed, red, bafe grey, furrows 4. 
 Noftrils long and narrow. Eye-lids 
 callous, edges crimfon. Above black. 
 Cheeks, Chin, Belly white. Collar 
 black. Legs orange, and near the Tail. 
 Pnejiholm tjles. Anglefey. Man. M\- 
 grates. 
 
 5. Alle. Little Awk. Bill fhort, conic, black. 
 
 Above black. Beneath, and tips of 
 the lefs Quills white. Scajjulars black 
 and white. Legs and Feet fcaly. 
 Webs black. Size of a Blackbird. 
 Lancajhire, 
 
 PROCELLARIA. Bill comprefTed, hooked 
 at the end. Noftrils tubular. BackToe 
 feflile. Spout oil from their Bills. 
 Migrate. 
 
 I. Pelagica. ^tormf.nch. Black. Coverts of the 
 Tail and Vent white. Wings very 
 long. Size of the Swallow. 
 
 2. Glacialis 
 
28 BIRDS. ANSERES. 
 
 2. Glacialis. Fulmar, Bill and Legs yellow. 
 
 Head, Neck, Breaft, Belly white. 
 Above afh-colour. Length i8 inches. 
 St. Kilda. 
 
 3. Puffinus. Shear-Water. Head, Back, Wings, 
 
 Tail, Thighs black. Beneath white. 
 Legs weak, comprefled. Length 17 
 inches. Calf of Man. 
 
 PELECANUS. Bill ftrait, hooked at the 
 end ; without noftrils. Four Toes con- 
 nedled by a membrane. 
 
 1. Carbo. Corvorant. Bill afh-colour, with a 
 
 yellow naked (kin round the bafe. 
 Head and Neck black. Chin white. 
 A fhort pendent Creft. Above bluifli 
 green. Beneath dufky. A white tuft 
 on the Thighs. Tail long and rounded. 
 Legs black ; the middle claw ferrated. 
 Weight 41b. Length 32 inches. 
 
 2. Graculus. Shag. Long creft. Above green. 
 
 Beneath brownifh grey. Tail of 12 
 feathers, rounded. Feet black. Length 
 27 inches. Holyhead. 
 
 3. Bafianus. Gaiinct^ or Soland Goofe. Bill bluifh 
 
 grey. Jagged at the lides ; a long 
 furrow in the upper Mandible. Eyes 
 yellow, furrounded by a blue fkin. A 
 bkck pouch under the Chin. Neck 
 long. Crown bufF colour. Wings 
 and Legs black. The reft of the plu- 
 mage dirty white. Tail rounded. 
 Weight 4-i lb. Length 37 iriches. 
 
 c COLYM- 
 
BIRDS. ANSERES. 29 
 
 COLYMBUS. Bill ftraight,flender, pointed. 
 Noflrils linear, at the bafe of the Bill. 
 Legs near the Tail. Feet webbed. 
 
 1. Grylle. Black Guillemot, Greenland Dove, or 
 
 Sea Turtle. Bill black. Infide of the 
 Mouth and Legs red. A large white 
 fpot on each Wing. Small Quills tipt 
 with white. The reft of the plumage 
 black. Length 14 inches. St. Kilda. 
 and Bafs IJle. 
 
 2. TroUe. Guillemot. Bill black. Infide of 
 
 the Mouth yellow. Tips of the fmall 
 Quills, Breaft, and Belly white. The 
 reft black. Weight 24 oz. Length 
 17 inches. 
 
 3. Septentrionalis. Red-throated Diver. Above 
 
 grey. Beneath white. A few white 
 fpots on the Back. Throat dull red. 
 Weight 31b. Length 2 feet. Lan~ 
 cajhire ; river Dee. 
 
 4. Glacialis. Great Noriher7i Diver. Beneath 
 
 white. A fen, ilunar white fpot on the 
 back of the Neck, and under the Throat. 
 All the reft black ; a purple tinge on 
 the Neck. Length 3 feet 5 inches. 
 
 Feet finned. 
 
 5 Grey fpeckled Diver. Bill turns a 
 
 litt'e upwards. Above grey, fpeckled 
 with white. Beneath white. Tail of 
 20 black feathers, fome tipt v/ith white. 
 
 6. Criftatus. Great crejled Grebe. A pendent 
 rufFunder the Chin. No Tail. Above 
 
 black. 
 
30 .BIRDS. A N.S E R E S. 
 
 black-brown. Beneath filver-white; 
 Weight 2 4^ lb. Length 21 inches. 
 
 Shropjhire, Chejhire. 
 
 7. Auritus. Lefs crejled Grebe or Dobchtck. Above 
 -black-brown. Beneath white. Head 
 ,and Neck black. Ridge and tips of the 
 Wings white. A tuft of long feathers 
 on each fide the Head. Legs green. 
 Irides red. Lefs than a Teal. 
 
 S Little Grebe. Above, Neck, Breaft 
 
 dark red-brown. Belly, afli-colourmixt 
 with filver- white. Cheeks bright bay. 
 Weight 7 oz. Length 10 inches. 
 
 g. Urinator. Grebe. Above black-brown. Be- 
 neath filver-white.; Length 18 inches. 
 Ridge of the Wings and tips of the 
 fmall Quills white. 
 
 10 JVhite and Dujky Grebe. Above 
 
 black-brown. Beneath white. Ridge of 
 the Wings and middle Quills white. A 
 red fkin between the Bill and the Eyes. 
 Irides red. Feet externally greenifli. 
 Size of a Teal. Lmc$lnjhire. 
 
 LARUS. Bill ftraight, fharp-edged, hooked 
 at the end, a knob on the lower man- 
 dible. Noftrils nacrow, in the middle 
 of the Bill. Feet webbed. 
 
 I. Tridaililus, Tarrock. Bill, tips of the Wings, 
 and tip of the Tail black. Head, Neck, 
 Breaft, Belly, and Tail white. A black 
 crefcent on the back of the Neck. 
 Back bluifh grey. Legs dull a(h-co- 
 
 lour. 
 
BIRDS. A N S E R E S. 31 
 
 lour. A fmall protuberance in lieu of 
 a back Toe. Weight 7 oz. Length 
 ly inches. 
 
 2. Canus. Connnon Gull., Alezu^ or Sea Mali, 
 
 Bill yellow. Back grey. The reft 
 wiiite. Weight 12 oz. Length 17 
 inches. 
 
 3. Nasvlus. BrcWn and TVIoite Gull., Wagel, or 
 
 Dung Hunter. Bill and Quills black. 
 Tail black and white. The reft of the 
 plumage a mixture of afli-colour, white 
 and brown. Weight 32 oz. Length 
 23 inches. 
 
 >.4 Winter Mew. Irides hazel. Bill 
 
 flender, whitifii towards the bafe, black 
 at the end. Back grey. Coverts of 
 the Wings pale brown. Firft Qiiiil 
 black. A black bar acrofs the Tail. 
 The reft white ; above fpotted v/ith 
 brown. Weight 15 oz. Length ib* 
 inches. 
 
 5. Marin us. Great Black and White Gull. Bill 
 
 and Irides yellow ; a red fpot, with a 
 black center in the lower mandible. 
 Back and Wings black ; all the reft 
 white. Weight fib. Length 29 inches. 
 
 6. Fufcus. Herring Gull. Irides and Bill yel- 
 
 low ; an orange fpot on the lower 
 mandible. Back afti-colour. Quills 
 black. The reft white. Legs pale red. 
 Weight 30 oz. Length 23 inches. 
 
 7. Ridibundus. Pe-Mt Gull, Black- cap or Sea 
 
 Crow. Bill and legs red. Head, Throat, 
 
 and 
 
32 BIRDS. ANSERES. 
 
 and tips of the Wings black. Back 
 and Wings afh-colour. The reft white. 
 Its note a hoarfe laugh. Weight lO 
 oz. Length 15 inches. Staffer djhire* 
 
 8. Parafiticus. Artie Gull. Crown and legs black. 
 
 Above brown. Beneath white. Tail 
 of 12 feathers, 2 middle ones 4 inches 
 longer than the reft. Galway. 
 
 9. Catara6les. Skua. Cere black. Bill and 
 
 Claws very ftrong and hooked. Above 
 brown. Beneath afti-colour and red. 
 A bird of prey. 
 
 10 Black-toed Gull. Bill black, Cere 
 
 brown. Legs lead-colour. Above black 
 and white. Beneath white and brown. 
 Tail 12 black feathers tipt with white; 
 2 middle ones longer. Weight 12 oz. 
 Length 15 inches. 
 
 STERNA. Bill ftraight, flender, pointed. 
 Noftrils narrov/, on the bafe of the 
 Bill. Tail forked. Feet webbed. Mi- 
 grate. 
 
 1. Hirundo. Greater Tern, or Sea Swallow. Bill 
 
 and Feet red. Crown, and tip of the 
 Bill, black. Above grey. Beneath 
 white. Weight 4 oz. Length 14 
 inches. 
 
 2. Minuta. Lefs Tern. Bill and Legs yellow. 
 
 Tip of the Bill and Crown black. A 
 black line between the Eyes and Bill. 
 Above grey. Beneath white of exqui- 
 
 fite 
 
BIRDS. GRALL M. 3^ 
 
 fite glofs and foftnefs. Tail white. 
 Weight 2 oz. Length 8 -i inches. 
 
 3. Feflipes. Black Tern. Head and under fide 
 of the body black. Above dark .ifli 
 colour. Leo-s red. Lefs than the for- 
 mer. Frequents frelh water. 
 
 IV. GRALL^. 
 
 Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefliy. 
 Thighs naked. Toes divided. 
 
 ARDEA. Bill ftrait, long, acute. Toes 4. 
 
 I. Cinerea. Common Heron. Bill greenifh above, 
 yellowifh beneath, black at the end. 
 
 • - ■ A fhort pendent creft. Above grey. 
 Beneath white, with longitudinal fpots. 
 A greenifh naked fkin between the 
 Bill and the Eyes. Irides yellow. 
 Quills black. Legs greenifh. 
 
 J». Major. Crejled Heron. A long pendent black 
 creft. Forehead and Crown white. 
 Feathers of the fore part of the Neck 
 long and loofe. Otherwife like the 
 former j but not fo frequent. 
 
 3. Stellaris. Bittern. Bill a little arched. Ir- 
 ides yellow. Crown black. A fhort 
 pendent Creft. A black fpot at each 
 corner of the Mouth. Plumage pale 
 dull yellow, fpotted with black. Fea- 
 thers of the breaft Ions: and loofe. 
 Legs greenifh. Hind claw very long. 
 
 D 4. Alba. 
 
34 BIRDS. GRALLyC. 
 
 4. Alba. Great white Heron. Entirely white,- 
 
 Legs black. Weight 40 oz. Length 
 40 inches. Migrates. 
 
 5. Minuta. Little Bittern. Bill green-yellow. 
 
 Head, Back, Quills, Tail greenifti- 
 black. Fore part of the Neck, Breaft, 
 and Thighs bufF. Belly white. Thighs 
 feathered to the knees. Length 15 
 inches. Shot near Shrew/bury. 
 
 SCOLOPAX. Bill very.long, (lender, ob- 
 tufe. 
 
 Jrched Bills. 
 
 1. Arquata. Curlew. Bill 6 inches long. Plu- 
 
 mage white fpotted with black. Quills 
 black. Tail white barred with black. 
 Legs bluifli grey. Weight from 22 to 
 37 oz. 
 
 2. Phaeopus. Whimhrel. Bill not quite 3 inches 
 
 long. Above brown fpotted with black. 
 Beneath white. Tail barred with black. 
 Legs dull green. Weight not exceed- 
 ing 12 oz. 
 
 Strait Bills. 
 
 3. Rufticola. Woodcock. Bill 3 inches long. 
 
 Above variegated with red -brovi^n, black 
 and grey. Beneath dirty white, with 
 tranfverfe dark lines. Chin yellow. 
 Weight 12 oz. Length 14 inches. 
 
 if. Gallinago. Snipe. Bill 3 inches. Four black 
 and 3 red longitudinal lines on the 
 head. Chin, Breaft, and Belly white. 
 
 Neck 
 
B'l R D S. G R A L L /Ev ^^ 
 
 . Neck red and brown. Scapulars black 
 
 and yellow. Tail tipt with white. 
 Legs pale green. Weight 4 oz. 
 Length 12 inches. 
 
 5, Gallinula. Jackfnipe, Bill 1 4- inch. Crown 
 
 black. Rump fhining purple. Over 
 each eye a yellow ftroke. Weight 
 fcarce 2 oz. Length 9 inches. 
 
 6. Glottis. Greeyiflmnk. Bill 2 4 inches ; upper 
 
 Mandible black. Above afli colour. 
 Beneath white. Tail white, undulated 
 with duflcy bars. Legs greenifh and 
 bare above the knees. Weis^ht 6 oz. 
 Length 14 inches. 
 
 •7 Spotted Rcdjhank. Above afh co- 
 lour, the Head ftreaked with black, the 
 Back fpotted with white. Beneath 
 white. Legs red. Size of the laft. 
 
 8. Calidris. Redjhank. Bill 2 inches, red at 
 the bafe, black at the end. Head, 
 back of the Neck and Scapulars dufky 
 afh colour fpotted with black. Back 
 and underfide of the body white, fpotted 
 with black. Tail barred with black 
 and white. Legs orange. Weight 5 i 
 oz. Length 12 inches. 
 
 jQ. Limofa. Lefs Godivit. Bill a little curved 
 upwards, redifli at the bafe. Head 
 olive brown. Neck afh colour. Back 
 brown. A white crefcent on the tail, 
 which is fomewhat forked. Legs 
 black. 
 
 D 2 10. La- 
 
3^ BIRDS. G R A L L /E.' 
 
 10. Laponica. Red Godwlt. Bill a little curved 
 
 upwards, yellow at the bafe, black at 
 the point. Plumage red-brown, ftreaked 
 with black. Wino:s and Tail black 
 and white. Legs black. 
 
 11. ^gocephala. Godwlt^ or Yarwhelp. Bill 
 
 ftrait, 4 inches long, purple tipt with 
 black. A broad white ftroke from the 
 bill to the eye. Above red-brown. Be- 
 neath white. Qiiills black. Tail barred 
 ■with black and white. Middle and 
 exterior toe connefted by a membrane. 
 Weight 12 oz. Length i6 inches. 
 
 TRINGA. Bill roundifh, ftrait, about 
 the length of the head. Noftrils nar- 
 row. Toes 4. 
 
 I. Pugnax. Ruff. Feathers of the Neck re- 
 markably long. Coverts of the Wings 
 and 4 exteriors of the Tail brown. 
 Four middle feathers of the Tail barred 
 with black and brown. Legs yellow. 
 Weight 5 or 6 oz. 
 
 Female, Reeve. Brown fpotted with 
 white or afli colour. No rufF. 
 Legs red. Thefe birds difFer 
 remarkably in their colours. 
 Migrate. 
 
 %. Vanellus. Lapwings or Tezuit. Bill, Crown, 
 Creft, Throat black. A black line 
 under each Eye. Back purplifli green. 
 Wings and Tail black and white. Legs 
 red. Weight 8 oz. Length i3.inchcs. 
 
 3. Mo- 
 
BIRDS. GRALLiE. 37 
 
 3. Morinella. Turnjlone. Bill ftrong, a little 
 ., prominent above, whitifli at the bafe, 
 
 black at the end. Forehead and Throat 
 afli colour. Neck and Back brown. 
 Rump white with a triangular black 
 fpot. Tail black and white. Legs 
 orange. Size of a Thrufii. Shrofijlnrc, 
 Cormvally IP'ales, Norfolk. 
 
 4. Macularia. Spotted Sandpiper. Bill red, black 
 
 at the point. Above olive brown, 
 ■with black fpots. Beneath white with 
 dark fpots. Above each Eye a white 
 line. Quills black, the lefs tipt with 
 white. Middle of the tail brown, fides 
 white and fpotted. Legs pale dull red. 
 Weight c oz. Length 10 inches. 
 Migrates. 
 
 5 Black /potted Sandpiper. Bill fhort, 
 
 obtufe,' blackifli. Noftrils black. Ir- 
 ides yellow. Head and under fide of 
 the body white fpotted with black and 
 brown. Above tinged with brown. 
 Quills black with a white crofs line. 
 Two middle feathers of the Tail black, 
 the reft- white. Legs long and brown. 
 L'tncolnjhire. 
 
 6. Lobata. Grey /ollop-toed Sandpiper. Bill 
 
 black with a double groove. Head and 
 under part of the Body white. Above 
 grey. Legs lead colour. Toes finned, 
 fcoUoped, ferrated. Weight 1 o/.. 
 
 7. Hypcrborea. Red fcoUop-tocd Sandpiper. Bill 
 
 ftrait, Hendcr, round, pointed, black. 
 
 Crown black-red. Neck red. Above 
 
 • D 3 brown, 
 
g8 BIRDS. G R A L L ^. 
 
 brown, with yellow fpots. Beneath 
 white. Wings long, tipt with white. 
 Toes fcolloped like the laft. Size of 
 a Blackbird. Torkjhire. 
 
 8. Alpina. Dunlin. Bill, Legs, Feet black. 
 
 Above red-brown. Beneath white with 
 black fpots. Wings afli colour. Back 
 Toe very fhort. Length 8 inches. 
 
 9. Ocrophus. Green Sandpiper. Head brown- 
 
 afh colour. Above green with white 
 fpots. Belly, Rump, Tail white, with 
 a few black fpots. Bill and Legs 
 greenifli lead colour. Length 8 ^ inches. 
 Frequents lakes and rivers, 
 
 10. Hypoleucos. Sandpiper. Bill, Head, Quills 
 
 brown. Neck dark afti colour. Back 
 brown mixt with green, with tranf- 
 verfe dufky lines. Longitudinal black 
 lines on the Head. A white ftroke 
 above each Eye. Beneath white. Legs 
 gi'eenifti. Weight 2 oz. On lakes 
 and rivers. 
 
 11. Canutus. Knot. Bill deep a{h colour. Un- 
 
 der fide of the Body, edges of the 
 Wing-coverts, and fides of the Tail 
 white. The reft brown. Tail-coverts 
 fpotted with white. Tail afh colour. 
 Legs bluifti grey. Toes divided to the 
 bottom. Length 9 inches. On our 
 coaft in Winter. 
 
 12 JJh coloured Sandpiper. Breaft and 
 
 Belly white. The reft afti colour, the 
 Head fpotted with black, the Tail 
 barred, and the Back curved with black 
 
 a^pd 
 
BIRDS. GRALLiE. 39 
 
 and white. Legs black-green. Toes 
 bordered with a fcoUoped membrane. 
 In flocks on the JVelJh coaft in Winter. 
 
 13. Cinclus. Purre, or Stint. Bill flender, 
 black. Head, Neck, Back, Tail afli 
 colour. Coverts dark brown. Breaft, 
 Belly, and lower part of the Quills 
 white. Legsgreenifh. Length 7 inches. 
 In flocks on our coafts in Winter. 
 
 CHARADRIUS. Bill ftrait, roundifli, 
 obtufe. Noftrils narrow. Toes 3. 
 
 1. Hiaticula. Sea Lark. Bill orange tipt with 
 
 black. Forehead, Breaft, Belly white. 
 Cheeks black. A black line from the 
 bill to each eye ; another from one eye 
 to the other. Crown of the Head 
 brown. A black and a white Collar. 
 Back and Tail brown. Legs yellow. 
 Weight 2 oz. Length 7.1 inches. On 
 our (hores in Summer. 
 
 2. Morinellus. Dottrel. Bill, Head, fhafts of 
 
 the Quills, Belly, tip of the Tail, 
 Legs black. A broad white line above 
 the Eyes. Cheeks, Throat, Thighs 
 white. Breaft and fides orange. The 
 reft olive. Weight 4 oz. Migrates. 
 
 3. Pluvialis. Green Plover. Bill, Head, Back, 
 
 Legs black. Breaft brown. Belly 
 white. Upper part of the body and 
 breaft fpotted with green. Tail barred 
 with black, green, and brown. Weight 
 9 oz. Length II inches. Migrates. 
 
 D 4 4. Ca- 
 
4© BIRDS. GRALL/E. 
 
 4. Calidris. Sanderllng, Bill and Legs black. 
 
 Head and back of the Neck a(h colour, 
 with long black fpots. Back brownifh 
 grey. Beneath white. Tail of il 
 pointed feathers afli colour. Coaft of 
 Cornwall, 
 
 5. Oedicnemus. Norfolk Plover. A yellowifh 
 
 green bare fpace between the Eyes, 
 Irides and Legs yellow. Above black. 
 Beneath white. Knees fwollen. Toes 
 bordered by a membrane. Weigbt 
 18 oz, 
 
 6. Himantopus. Long Legged Plover. Bill black 2 
 
 inches long. Legs red, very long and 
 Hender. Wings extend beyond the 
 Tail. Forehead, Breaft, Belly, Tail 
 white. Crown, Back, Wings black, 
 Scotland. 
 
 RECURVIROSTRA. Bill curved up- 
 wards, flexible at the apex. Three Toes, 
 webbed. 
 
 I. Avocetta. Jvofetta. Bill 34 inches long. 
 Above black and white. Beneath 
 white. Legs blue and very long. 
 Thighs najced. Frequent on pur Eaftern 
 coaft. 
 
 H^MATOPUS. Bill comprcfTed, obtufe. 
 Toes 3, the middle conne£ted to the 
 exterior as far as the firtt joint. 
 
 r. Oftralegus. Sea Pie. Bill 3 inches, orange, 
 Ijides crimfon. Tongue very fhort. 
 
 Head, 
 
BIRDS. GRALLi®. 4I 
 
 Head, Neck, Shoulders black. Wings 
 and Tail black and white. Beneath 
 white. Legs pale red. Weight 16 
 oz. Length 1 7 inches. Frequent on 
 the coaft. 
 
 FULICA. Bill (hort, thick, convex. Fore- 
 head bare. Toes 4, finned. On Lakes 
 and Rivers. 
 
 |. Atra. Coot. A thick, callous, red mem- 
 brane above the Bill. Bill and Legs 
 olive ; Garter yellow. Belly afh co- 
 lour. Margin of the Wings white. 
 The reft black or very dark afh colour. 
 Weight 26 oz. Toes fcolloped. 
 
 2. Aterima. Greater Coot. Callus white. Gar- 
 
 ter red. Darker coloured and larger 
 than the laft. 
 
 3. Chloropus. Water Hen. Callus, Irides, upper 
 
 part of the Bill and Garters red. Head, 
 Neck, Breaft black. Belly deep afh 
 colour. Margin of the Wings white. 
 The refl glolTy olive brown. Fins of 
 the Toes ftrait, narrow. Weight 15 
 cz. Length 14 inches, 
 
 RALLUS. Bill comprelTed, fharp. Noflriis 
 oval. Toes 4. Body compreficd. 
 
 J. Crex. Land Roil. Bill and Legs grey. 
 Above black edged with light brown. 
 Beneath white. Legs very long. 
 Weight 7 oz. Frequent in Ireland and 
 
 /Inglejea. 
 
 2. Aqua- 
 
42 BIRDS. G A L L I N iE; 
 
 2. Aquaticus. JVater Rail. Bill flightly arched, 
 flender, above black, beneath orange. 
 Above black, the feathers edged with 
 olive brown. Beneath afh colour. Bafe 
 of the Wings white. Tail fhort. 
 Legs redifh, and near the Tail. 
 Weight 4^ oz. Length i2 inches. 
 
 7. Porzana. Small fpotted Water Hen. Bill and Legs 
 olive. Head brown fpotted with black. 
 Neck deep olive fpotted with white. 
 Back variegated with black, olive and 
 white. Beneath afli colour and white. 
 Weight 44 oz. Length 9 inches. 
 LincolnJInre. 
 
 OTIS. Bill ftrong and ^ little hooked. 
 No back Toe. 
 
 I. Tarda. Bujiard. On each fide the lower 
 Mandible a tuft of long Feathers. 
 Bill and Legs greyifh brown. Irides 
 bright orange. Head and Neck a(h 
 colour. Back and Tail barred with 
 black and red-brown. Quills black. 
 Beneath white. Weight 251b. Length 
 4 feet. The Female is much lefs, and 
 wants the long Feathers from the Bill. 
 
 V. GALLING. 
 
 Bill convex : the upper Mandible arched. 
 Toes connected by a membrane at the 
 bottom. Tail-feathers more than 12. 
 
 PHA- 
 
BIRDS. GALLING. 43 
 
 PHASIANUS. Cheeks naked, fmooth. 
 Spurs on the legs. 
 
 I. Colchicus. Pheafant. Bill horn colour. 
 Cheek-membrane bright red. A tuft 
 of black feathers near the Ears. Head 
 and Neck tinged with rich green- pur- 
 ple. Beneath brown. Tail of 18 Fea- 
 thers, long and of various colours. 
 A fharp fhort fpur. Weight 45 oz. 
 Length 36 inches. The Pheafant, 
 tho' lately introduced, now breeds fpon- 
 taneoufly in this ifland. 
 
 TETRAO. A bare fcarlet fpot above the 
 Eyes. 
 
 Legs feathered to the Feet. 
 
 1. Urogallus. Cock of the JVood^ or Mountain. 
 
 Bill yellow. Above ftreaked with 
 tranfverfe back and grey lines. Breafl 
 green. Belly black, with a few white 
 fpots. A white fpot on the Scapulae. 
 Tall of 18 black feathers, with a few 
 white fpots. Length 32 inches. Weight 
 131b. Fema/e: he(s. Throat red. Belly 
 orange. Tail brown barred with black. 
 In the Highlands of Scotland. 
 
 2. Tetrlx. Black Game, or Heath Cock. Plu- 
 
 mage black. A white fpot on the 
 Shoulders. Tail of 16 Feathers, fork- 
 ed. Thighs and Legs dark brown. 
 Weight near 41b. Length 22 inches. 
 Female : Plumage mixt with red. 
 Weight 2 lb. 
 
 3. Lagopus.. 
 
44 BIRDS. GALLINjB. 
 
 3. Lagopus. Ptarmigan, or TVlnte Game. In 
 Summer pale brown with dark fpots. 
 In Winter white. Feathered to the 
 claw. Tail of 16 Feathers, Weight 
 14 oz. Length 16 inches. In the 
 Highlands of Scotland. 
 
 ^ GrouSf Red Game, or A^oor Game. 
 
 Bill black. Irides hazel. A white 
 fpot on each fide the lower Mandible. 
 Throat red. Head and Neck tawny 
 red, mixt with black. Back red, with 
 black fpots. Beneath purplifh brown, 
 ftreaked with dark lines. Tail of 16 
 Feathers. Thighs pale red. Legs 
 feathered to the Claws. Weight 19 
 oz. Length 15 inches. Female: Belly 
 fpotted with white. Weight 15 oz. 
 
 Legs Naked. 
 
 5. Perdix. Partridge. Bill white. Plumage 
 
 orange, black and brown. A femilu- 
 
 nar mark on the Breaft. Tail of 18 
 
 feathers. Weight 15 oz. Length 13 
 inches. Female lefs. 
 
 6. Coturnix. ^ail. Bill dufky. Head black. 
 
 a yellowifli line from the Crown to the 
 Back. Chin and Throat whitifh. 
 Breaft pale orange fpotted with black. 
 Back black and yellow. Tail of 12 
 feathers black and red. Length 7 
 inches. Migrates. 
 
 VI. PAS- 
 
BIRDS. PASSERES. 45 
 
 VI. PASSERES.' 
 
 Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils ovale, broad, 
 naked 
 
 COLUMBA. Bill ftrait, a little bent at 
 the apex. Noftrils oblong, half covered 
 by a foft tumid membrane. Tongue 
 entire. 
 
 1. Oenas. Pigeon^ or Stock Dove. Plumage 
 
 deep bluifh afti colour. Breaft tinged 
 with purple-green. Two black bars 
 , on the Wings, and one near the end 
 of the Tail. Back white. All our 
 tame Pigeons are varieties of this 
 fpecies. 
 
 2. Palumbus. Ring Dove. Above bluifli afh 
 
 colour. Breaft tinged with purple. 
 Belly dirty white. On the back of the 
 Neck a femicircular white line. Weig^ht 
 20 oz. Length 18 inches. 
 
 3. Turtur. Turtle Dove. Bill bluifti brown. 
 
 Irides yellow. Crown and Back afh 
 colour mixt with olive. On the fides 
 of the Neck a black fpot edged with 
 white. Wings brown. Breaft purple 
 mixt with yellow. Belly white. Circle 
 round the eyes, and feet red. Claws 
 black. Length 12 inches. Bucks^ 
 Glouceji. Shropjlj. Weji of Engl 
 
 ALAUDA. Bill fubulate. Tongue bifid. 
 The hind Claw not much bent, and 
 longer than the Toe. 
 
 I. Ar- 
 
46 B I R D Sj PAS S E R i^ Si 
 
 I. Arvenfis. Sky Lark, tower Mandible, fpot 
 above the Eyes, foles of the Feet and 
 under fide of the Body yellow. Head 
 and Breaft fpotted with black. Ex- 
 terior web of the Quills edged with 
 white. Weight i i. oz. Length 7 
 inches. Sings flying. 
 
 7.. Pratenfis. Tit Lark. Bill, fpots on the 
 Head, Breaft and Back black. Above 
 greenifh brown. Breaft yellow. Throat 
 and Belly white. Sides of the Tail 
 white. Length 54- inches. 
 
 2 Lefs Field Lark. Head and back 
 
 of the Neck pale brown with dark lines. 
 Back and Rump dirty green. Coverts 
 of the Wings, firft Quill, and fides of 
 the Tail white. Hind Claw fhorter. 
 Legs brown. Larger than the laft. 
 
 4 Red Lark. Above brown. Be- 
 neath red-brown with dark fpots. Sides 
 of the Tail white. A dark line acrofs 
 the Eyes, and above that a yellowifh 
 one. The third Quill long. Back 
 Claw not very long. Size of the laft. 
 Middle/ex. 
 
 2 The lefs Crejied Lark. Above brown. 
 
 Beneath whitifti. Creft long. Feet 
 red. Lefs than the Sky Lark. Tork- 
 Jhire. 
 
 6. Arborea. Wood Lark. A white ring round the 
 Head. Crown, Throat and Back fpott- 
 ed with black. Breaft tinged with red. 
 Belly white. Tail black edged with 
 
 white. 
 
BIRDS. P A S S 1 R E S* 47- 
 
 white. Lefs than the Sky Lark. Sings 
 flying. 
 
 j, Trivialis. Grafihopper Lark. Above green- 
 brown fpotted with black. Beneath 
 yellow-white. Tail of 12 Feathers. 
 Jong and rounded. Legswhitifh. Lefs 
 than the Tit Lark. Shropjhire. 
 
 %,»,,. . . Wilhw Lark. Above yellow-brown, 
 with dark fpots. Beneath yellow- white. 
 Tail dark brown. 
 
 STURNUS. Bill fl-rait, fubulate, and 
 fomewhat angular. 
 
 i., Vulgaris. Stare or Starling. Bill yellow, 
 deprefled j the bafe of the lower Man- 
 dible furrowed on each fide. A pro- 
 minent margin round the Noftrils, 
 Tongue bifid, horny, Irides hazel. 
 Plumage black tinged with green-pur- 
 ple ; tips x)f the Feathers yellowifti. 
 Legs and Feet redifh black, 
 
 2. Cinclus. Water Ouzel. Bill comprefTed, 
 black. Eyelids white. Above brown. 
 Throat and breaft white. Belly red- 
 brown. Tail black. Legs bluifti be- 
 fore j behind black. Weight 2^ oz. 
 Length 7 inches. 
 
 TURDUS. Bill roundifh, fharp-edged : 
 upper Mandible notched, and bent at 
 the apex. Noftrils naked, and half 
 covered by a membrane. 
 
 4 I. Vif- 
 
BIRDS. PASSERESi 
 
 1. Vifcivorus. Mijpl Bird. Above brown-grey. 
 Beneath yellow-white, with dark fpots. 
 Irides hazel. Tail of 12 Feathers^ 
 exteriors tipt with white. Inner Co- 
 verts of the Wings white. Weight 
 5 oz. Length 11 inches. Our largeft 
 linging bird. 
 
 2» Pilaris. Fieldfare. Bill yellowifh tipt with 
 black. Head and Rump a(h colour. 
 Back deep brown. Tail and Legs 
 black. Beneath white. Breaft redifli 
 with dark fpots. Weight 14 oz. Length 
 id inches. Migrates. 
 
 3. Iliacus. Redwing. Above brown-grey. Be- 
 
 neath whitifh with brown fpots. Sides 
 and under Coverts of the Wings red- 
 yellow. A yellow-white line athwart 
 the Eyes. Weight 2i oz. 
 
 4. Muficus. Throjlle. Above brown-grey. Be- 
 
 neath white with black fpots. Throat 
 and Breaft redifh. Inner Coverts of 
 the Wings yellow. Weight 3 oz. 
 Length 9 inches. 
 
 5. Rofeus. Rofe coloured Ouxel. Bill at the bafe 
 
 redifh, at the point black. A long 
 pendent Creft. Head, Crcft, Neck, 
 Wings, Tail black, tinged with green- 
 purple. Breaft, Belly, Back rofe co- 
 lour with black fpots. Legs dirty 
 orange. Middlefex, Norfolk. 
 
 6. Merula. Blackbird. Plumage black. Bill 
 
 and edges of the Eyelids yellow. 
 
 5 
 
 7. Tor- 
 
BIRDS. PASSERES. 49 
 
 ^. Torquatus. Ring Ouzel. Plumage black- 
 brown, the edges of the feathers of a 
 lighter colour, A white Crefcent on 
 the Breafl-. Length 11 inches. 
 
 AMPELIS. Bill flrait, convex ; upper 
 mandible fomewhat curved, and notch- 
 ed. Tongue cartilaginous, bifid. 
 
 I. Garrulus. Chatterer. A long Crcft. Plumage 
 a{h colour, red, black, purple, yellow, 
 ■white, brown. Red, horny, appendages 
 from the tips of 7 of the fmall Quills, 
 Length 8 inches. Rare in this Ifiand. 
 
 L-OXIA. Bill fhort, thick. 
 
 1. Curviroftra. Crofsbill. Upper Mandible 
 
 curved downward, the under upwards 
 croffing each other. Male red. Fe- 
 male green, both varying with the fea- 
 fons. Shropjhire. Migrates^ 
 
 2. Coccothrauftes. Grofsbeak, or Hawfinch. Bill, 
 
 under fide of the Body, and Legs 
 redifli. Head chefnut. Chin and 
 Quills black. The ends of the middle 
 Quills curved outwards. A black line 
 from the Bill to the Eyes. Back 
 brown. Weight 2 oz. Length 7 
 inches. Shropjhire. Migrates. 
 
 3. Pyrrhula. Bulfinch. Bill, Grown, Coverts 
 
 of the Wings, Tail black. Back of 
 the Neck and Back igrey. Covrrs of 
 the Tail and Vent white. Cheeks, 
 Breaft, Belly crimfon. A white line 
 E acrofs 
 
50 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S« 
 
 acrofs the Wings. The Bread and 
 Belly of the Female dirty bufF colour. 
 
 4. Chloris. Greenfinch. Plumage yellow-green. 
 Exterior webs of the outmoft feathers 
 of the Tail yellow. Lower Belly 
 white. Length 5 1- inches. 
 
 EMBERIZA. Bill conic, angular on each 
 fide ; a hard knob within the upper 
 Mandible. 
 
 r 
 
 1. Nivalis. Greater Brambling. Bill yellow tipt 
 
 with black. Head and Neck tawny. 
 Back and Legs black. Beneath yel- 
 low-white. Rump yellow. Tail of 
 12 feathers, exteriors white. Coverts 
 of the Wings white. Weight i oz. 
 Length 7 inches. Migrates. 
 
 2. Miliaria. Bunting. Above olive-brown, with 
 
 black fpots. Beneath yellow-white. 
 Edges of the Wings and Legs yellow. 
 Sides of the Tail white. Length 7 -^ 
 inches. 
 
 3. Citrinella. Yellow-hammer. Crown, Chin, 
 
 Throat, Belly yellow. Back of the 
 Neck, lefs Wing-Coverts, part of the 
 Quills, and part of the Tail green. 
 Breaft orange. Rump brown-red. 
 Length 6 inches. 
 
 4. Schoeniclus. Reed Sparrow. Above black, 
 
 edged with red. Beneath white. A 
 white circle round the head of the 
 Male. Length near 6 inches. 
 
 FRIN- 
 
BIRDS. PASSERES. 51" 
 
 FRINGILLA. Bills ftrong, conic, (Irait, 
 fharp. 
 
 1. Coelebs. Chaffinch. Bill, Crown, back and 
 
 fides of the Neck, bluifh. Forehead, 
 Wings, Tail black. Three white lines 
 acrofs the Wings. Above the Eyes, 
 Cheeks, Throat red. Belly red'difti 
 white. Female wants the red feathers. 
 
 2. Montifringilla. Brambling, or Mount ainjinch. 
 
 Back and Crown Islack edo-ed with 
 brown. Chin, Throat, Breaft, and 
 lefs Wing-Coverts orange; inner Co- 
 verts yellow. Quills ed^'ged with yel- 
 low. Belly whitifh. Length 6 inches. 
 
 3. Carduelis. Goldfinch. Bill, Cheeks, back of 
 
 the Head, Belly, tips of the Wings, 
 fpots on the Tail, Legs, white. Tip 
 of the Bill, line from that to the Eyes, 
 Crown, Win^s, Tail black. Circle 
 round the BHl red. Breaft, Back, 
 Rump, pale brown. Middle of the 
 Wings yellow. 
 
 4. Splnus. Sijkin., or Aberdavine. Bill white 
 
 tipt with black. Head black. Belly 
 white. The reft of the body yellow- 
 green. Two middle feathers of the 
 Tail black, the reft yellow with black 
 tips. Length near 5 inches. Migrates. 
 
 5. Cannabtna. Greater red-headed Linnet., or 
 
 Redpole. Bill blackifh, bafe of the 
 
 under Mandible whitifh. Head and 
 
 Neck afh colour, on the Forehead a 
 
 E 2 dark 
 
t2 BIRDS. PASSERES. 
 
 dark red fpot. Back, Scapulars and 
 Coverts red-brown. Quills black, with 
 a white bar. Breaft pale red. Sides 
 yellow. Belly and fides of the Tail 
 white. Length 5 inches. On the Sea 
 coafts, and fometimes near London. 
 
 6. Linaria. Lefs red-headed Linnet. ^[^^If 
 much like the former J but conhderably 
 
 lefs. 
 
 J Mountain Linnet or Tivite. Bill yel- 
 
 low. A brown fpot above and below 
 each eye. Head afti colour and black. 
 Back brown and black. Breaft black 
 and white. Rump tawny red. Wings 
 and Tail edged with white. Rather 
 lefs and more taper than the common 
 Linnet. 
 
 8. ...... Linnet. Head black and afti colour. 
 
 Back black and brown. Throat, two 
 white lines with a brown one in the 
 middle. Breaft deep red. Belly white. 
 Wings black, brown and white. Tail 
 brown, edged with white. Length 5 i 
 inches. 
 
 Q. Domeftica. Sparrow. Bill, fpot under each 
 Eye, Chin, under fide of the Neck, 
 and Quills, black. Crown and fides 
 of the head brown afli colour. Cheeks 
 and Belly white. Back black and red. 
 
 ro. Montana. Mountain Sparrow, or iVhite Cap. 
 Bill, fpot on the Throat, and under 
 each Ear, black. Under the Eyes, 
 back of the Neck, and under fide of 
 
 the 
 
BIRDS. PASSERES. 53 
 
 the Body white. Back brown and 
 black. Legs pale red. 
 
 MUSCICAPA. Bill triangular, the upper 
 Mandible notched ; broad at the bale ; 
 furrounded with fhort briftles. 
 
 J. Grifola. Fly-catcher. Bill, Legs, Feet black. 
 Above brownifh grey. Beneath white. 
 Quills edged with yellow. Throat 
 and Sides tinged with red. Mouth 
 yellow. Length 54 inches. 
 
 MOTACILLA. Billftrait,flender. Tongue 
 jagged. 
 
 1. Lufcinia. Nightingale. Head and Back tawny 
 
 olive. Tail tawny red. Beneath pale 
 afti colour; lower Belly white. Iridcs 
 hazel. Eyes large. Legs deep afli 
 colour. Weight i oz. Length 7 
 inches. 
 
 2. Modularis. Hedge Sparrow. Head deep brown 
 
 and afh colour. Back and Tail blackifh, 
 fome of the feathers edged with brown. 
 Rump brown tinged with green. 
 Throat and Breaft bluifh afli colour. 
 Belly dirty white. Legs red ifti. Weight 
 not quite i oz. 
 
 3. Hippolais. Petty-chaps. Above grcenifli dark 
 
 afh colour. Belly white. Breaft yel- 
 lowifh. Mouth red. Legs lead colour. 
 Quills edged with green. Length 6 
 inches. 
 
 E 3 4. Sylvia. 
 
54 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S. 
 
 4. Sylvia. White Throat. Above brown afli 
 
 colour. Beneath white. Breaft and 
 Belly tinged with red. Tail edged 
 with white. Legs tawny brown. 
 Mouth yellow. Length 6 inches. 
 
 5. Alba. IVI^ite TVaterwagtail. Bill, Mouth, 
 
 Head, Neck, Back, Tail, Legs black. 
 Breaft, Belly and fides of the Tail 
 white. Tail and back Claw very long. 
 Weight 6 drams. Length 8 inches. 
 
 6. Flava. Yellow Waterwagtail. Above olive 
 
 green. Beneath yellow. A yellow 
 line above the Eyes. Tail black edged 
 with white. Throat fpotted with 
 black. 
 
 7 Grey TVaterwagtail. Crown, Neck, 
 
 Back afh colour. Throat black. A 
 white line above and below the Eyes. 
 Runp, Breaft, and Belly yellow. Tail 
 like the two former, but longer. 
 
 8. Oenanthe. Wheat Ear. A black and a 
 white line acrofs the Face, Head and 
 Back a{b colour tinged with red. Be- 
 neath yellowifli white. Bill, Mouth, 
 Quills, and upper half of the Tail 
 black ; the other half and Rump white. 
 Size of a Sparrow. Migrates. 
 
 Q. Rubetra. Whinchat. Above red-brown with 
 
 black fpots. Beneath reddifti yellow. 
 
 . A while Itroke above the Eyes, and a 
 
 broad black one under it. Two 
 
 white fpots on the Wings. Tail black 
 
 and 
 
BIRDS. PASSERES. ^5 
 
 and white. Bill, Mouth and Legs 
 black. Weight i oz. 
 
 10. Rubicola. Stone Chatter. Bill, Mouth, 
 Head, Neck, Back, Tail, Legs black. 
 Sides of the Throat and Rump white. 
 Beneath reddifh yellow. White fpots 
 on the Wings. Size of a Linnet. 
 
 II Coldfinch. Bill, Head, Back, firft 
 
 Quills, middle of the Tail, Legs black. 
 Forehead, fpots on the Coverts and 
 fides of the Tail, alfo the exterior 
 webs of fome of the Quills, and all 
 the undcrfide of the body white. Lefs 
 than the Hedge Sparrow. 
 
 12. Atricapilla. Blackcap. Bill, and Crown 
 
 black. Neck afh colour. Back green. 
 Beneath pale afh colour. Quills and 
 Tail edged with green. Legs lead co- 
 lour. Weight A oz. 
 
 13. Phoenicurus. Redjiart. Bill, Cheeks, Throat, 
 
 Legs black. Forehead white. Crown, 
 Neck, Back blue grey. Breaft, Rump, 
 Tail red. Wings and 2 middle fea- 
 thers of the Tail brown. Weight 6 
 drams. Length 5 inches. 
 
 14. Rubecula. Redbreajl. Bill and Legs blackifli. 
 
 Forehead, Chin, Throat, and Bread 
 yellow-red. Above green-afh colour. 
 Belly white. Weight ~ oz. Length 
 6 inches. 
 
 15. Troglodytes. JVren. Above red-brown, 
 
 with tranfverfe black lines. Beneath 
 
 yellowifh white. Mouth yellow. A 
 
 F 4. white 
 
fe6 
 
 BIRDS. PASSERES. 
 
 white ftroke above the Eyes. Weight 
 3 drams. Length 4^ inches. 
 
 16. Regulus. Golden-crejied Wren. Crown fear- 
 
 let ; a yellow line on each fide. Above 
 dark green. Beneath white with a 
 green tinge. Legs yellow. Weight 
 70 grains. Length 4 inches. 
 
 17. Trochilus. TVdlcw Wren. Above green-afh 
 
 colour. Wings and Tail brov/n, edged 
 with green. Beneath yellowifh white. 
 A yellowifh line above the Eyes. Mouth 
 yellov/. Weight 2 drams. Length 5 
 inches. 
 
 PARUS. Bill, fhort, ftrong, entire, briftles 
 at the bafe. 'I'ongue blunt, with brillles 
 at the end. 
 
 J. Major. Great Titmoiije. Bill, Head, Throat, 
 black. Back green. Beneath gieen- 
 yellow, with a black line in the mid- 
 dle. Rump bluifli. Qj^iills tipt with 
 blue and white. Tail edged with 
 white. Legs lead colour. Weight 
 fcarce i cz. Length 6 inches. 
 
 2. Coer ulcus. Blue Titmouse. Crown, Wings, 
 
 Tail blue. Forehead, Cheeks white. 
 Back yellow-green. Beneath yellow. 
 A white bar scrofs the Wings. Legs 
 lead colour. Weight 3{- drams. Length 
 5 inches. 
 
 3. Ater. Colemoiife. Bill, Head black, a white 
 
 fpot on the hind part of the latter. 
 Above green grey. Beneath white. 
 
 Wing- 
 
BIRI>S. PASSERES. 57 
 
 Wing-coverts tipt with white. Legs 
 bluilh. Weight 2 drams. Length 
 near 5 inches. 
 
 4. Paluftris. Marjh Titmoufe. Head black. 
 
 Cheeks white. Above greenifli. Be- 
 neath white. Legs lead colour. Weight 
 above 3 drams. 
 
 5. Caudatus. Long-tailed Titmoufe. Bill black, 
 
 thick, and convex. Crown white. 
 Coverts of the Wings black. Tail 
 black and white and remarkably long. 
 
 6. Biarmicus. Leaji Butcher Bird, or bearded 
 
 Titmoufe. Bill (hort, ftrong, convex, 
 yellow. Head grey. A black tuft be- 
 neath each iLye. Plumage red-yellow. 
 Tail very long. Legs black. 
 
 HIRUNDO. Bill fhort, flender, a little 
 curved, deprefled at the bafe, Adouth 
 very wide. Legs fmall. Tail forked. 
 
 1. Ruftica. Swallow. Above purplifh black. 
 
 Beneath reddifh white. A red fpot on 
 the Forehead and under the Chin. 
 Length 7 inches. Mouth black. 
 
 2. Urbica. Martin. Head and Back purple- 
 
 black. Breaft, Belly, Rump white. 
 Feet covered with white down. Mouth 
 yellow. Length 6 inches. 
 
 3. Riparia. Sand Martin. Above moufe colour. 
 
 Beneath white. Feet black. A moufe 
 coloured ring round the neck. Length 
 5 inches. 
 
 4. Apus. 
 
58 BIRDS. P A S S E R E S, 
 
 4. Apus. Black Afariitty or Swift. Black, ex- 
 cept a white fpot on the Chin. All 
 the Toes ftand forward. Weight not 
 quite I oz. Length near 8 inches. 
 
 CAPRIMULGUS. Bill fhort, a little 
 hooked, with briftles round the bafe. 
 Mouth very wide. Legs feathered be- 
 low the knees. Tail roundifh. 
 
 I. Europaeus. Goatfucker, Plumage black, white, 
 brown, and afh colour intermixed. 
 Mouth purple. Irides hazel. Weight 
 2^ oz. Length 10 inches. 
 
 CLASS 
 
AMPHIBIA. REPTILES. 59 
 
 CLASS III. 
 AMPHIBIA. 
 
 Lungs arbitrary. Heart with one ventricle. 
 Penis double. 
 
 L REPTILES. 
 
 Breathe through the Mouth. Feet 4. 
 
 RAN A. No Tail. Forefeet, 4 toes dif- 
 united. Hindfeet, 6 toes webbed. 
 
 1. Bufo. Toad. Back broad, black befet with 
 
 tubercles. Belly fwollen, yellow with 
 black fpots. Crawls. 
 
 2. Temporaria. Frog. Lefs than the Toad. 
 
 Back fmooth. Margin of the upper '^ 
 jaw white. Leaps. 
 
 LACERTA. Tail. 
 
 1. Agilis. Common Ltzzard, or Sivift. Tail 
 
 round, fcaly. Five Toes and Nails on 
 each Foot. Belly black, fpottcd. 
 
 Greefi Lizzard, a variety. 
 
 2. Vulgaris. Commoti Eft. Pale livid colour. 
 
 A broun line on each fide the Head, 
 
 continued 
 
.^P AMPHIBIA. SERPENTS. 
 
 continued along the back. Forefeet 4 
 Toes ; Hindfeet 5, without Nails. 
 Pet. cent. 2. II 6. 
 
 ^. Paluftris, IVater E/t, or Newt. Length 3 to 
 4 inches. Above black-brown. Be- 
 neath deep yelluw, fpotted. Tail com- 
 preft. Feet like the former. Pet. ceiit. 
 2. III. 
 
 II. SERPENTS. 
 
 Breathe through the Mouth only. No Legs. 
 No Fins. No Ears. 
 
 COLUBER. Scuta on the Belly. Scales 
 under the Tail. 
 
 1. Berus. Viper, Afh coloured. A dark in- 
 
 dented line along the middle of the 
 Back. Belly tinged with purple, fpotted 
 with black. ^("hroat pale. Irides 
 orange; Pupil blSiek. Scuta 146. Scales 
 39. Length about 18 inches. Pet* 
 cent. 2. 103. 
 
 2. Prefter. Black Viper. Entirely black. Tail 
 
 very fhort. Scuta 153. Scales 32. 
 Exceedingly poifonous. Pet. cent. 2. 
 104. 
 
 3. Natrix. Snake. Dark brown. Belly fpotted 
 
 with white. Throat yellowifh white. 
 Sides of the Head white with tranf- 
 verfe black lines. Double row of 
 Teeth. Tail {harp. Scuta 170. Scales 
 60. Pet. cent. 1. ICI. 
 
 ANGUIS. 
 
A M I* H I B I A-. -N A N T E S. 6l 
 
 ANGUIS. Scales under the Belly and 
 Tail. 
 
 I. Frngilis. Blind TVorm. Scales fmall, foft, 
 compaft. Back yellovvffh afh colour. 
 Beily black. Sides ftreaked with black 
 and white. Tail long, obtufe.' Colour 
 varies. 
 
 Iir. NANTES. 
 
 Breathe both through Gills or Spiracles, 
 and through the Mouth. No "Scales. 
 Rays of their Fins cartilaginous. 
 
 PETROMYZON. Spiracles 7, on the 
 -fide of the Neck. No G\(\% 'Aptr^ 
 ture on the Top of -t-he I^ead. No 
 peroral or dorfal Fins, 
 
 1. Marinus. Zfl7?r^J^." Roxv^ bf Teeth 20. 
 
 Mouth ro4f5. Two dorfal Fins. Back 
 bkckifh bliie, fpotted. Belly white. 
 A v/hite fpot on the top of the Head. 
 Length about ^ feet. In the Sea and 
 large rivers. 
 
 2. Fluviatilis A fingle row of fmall 
 
 teeth in the verge of the Mouth, 
 befides thofe within, 7'he pofterior 
 dorfal Fin arjgulated. Back bluifli 
 black. Belly filver white. Length 
 about I foot. In rivers only. 
 
 • 3. Branchialis. Lamprey Eel. Back black-brown. 
 Belly filver white. Pofterior dorfal 
 
 Fin 
 
62 AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 
 
 Fin ftrait. Length 5 or 6 inches* 
 Frequent in the IfiSy and Merfea, 
 
 RAJA. Spiracles 5 on each fide of the under 
 part of the Neck. Body flat. Mouth 
 in the under part of the Head. 
 
 1. Batis. ^kate^ or Flair e. Back afh colour 
 
 with black fpots, fmooth. Belly white. 
 A fingle row of Spines in the Tail. 
 Length 2 or 3 feet. Weight fometimes 
 loolb. 
 
 2. Oxyrinchus. Sharp-nojed Skate. Back brown 
 
 with 10 fharp tubercles along the mid- 
 dle. Belly white. Nofe longer and 
 Iharper than in any other of this genus. 
 Weight 8 or 10 lb. Dale Hariv. 421. 
 
 3. Fullonica. JVloite Horfe. Back yellowifli, 
 
 fpotted with black and covered with 
 Spines. One row of Spines on the 
 Eyes, and two on the Tail. 
 
 4. Paftinaca. Fire-fiaire. Back gibbous. Body 
 
 fmooth. Nofe fliarp.. Irides yellow. 
 Tail long, without Fin, terminated by 
 a fliarp point. 
 
 5. Clavata. Thorn-hack., or Maid. Back covered 
 
 with Spines. A tranfverfe cartilage 
 acrofs the Belly. Teeth tubercular. 
 Tail, longer than the whole Body, 
 with a fingle row of Spines. 
 
 SQUALUS. Spiracles 5 on each fide the 
 Neck. Body oblong and roundifh. 
 Mouth in the anterior part of the Head. 
 2 I. Acanthias 
 
AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 6^ 
 
 1. Acanthias. Hound F'tjh, or Picked Dog. Head 
 
 deprefled. Mouth beneath, femilunar. 
 Teeth 3 rows. Foramina 2 between 
 the Eyes. Lateral line ftrait. Skin 
 rough. Back bluifh grey. Belly white. 
 ^ Eight or 9 white fpots on the Back. 
 No anal Fin. Dorfal Fins fpinous. 
 Ufual length 3 or 4 feet. Skin ufed 
 by Cabinet-Makersj &c. 
 
 2. Squatina. Afonk or Angel F'tjh. Skin rough. 
 
 Teeth 3 rows. Mouth at the extremity 
 of the Head. Perioral Fins large. 
 Dorfal Fins near the Tail. No anal 
 Fin. 
 
 3. Galeus. Tope. Snout pellucid. Mouth be- 
 
 neath, femicircular. Three rows of 
 Iharp Teeth. Two dorfal, pedtoral, 
 ventral and anal Fins. Noflrils near 
 the Mouth. Foramina near the Eyes. 
 Length 4 or 5 feet. 
 
 4. Canicula. Cat Fijh^ or Bounce. Mouth be- 
 
 neath. Teeth feveral rows, fmaJl, 
 fharp, curving inwards. Snout obtufe. 
 Back broad. Belly flattilh. Two doi-fal 
 Fins. Ventral Fins large. Noftrils 
 wide. Length about 3 feet. 
 
 5. Catulus. Morgay^ or Rough Hound. Back 
 
 irregularly fpotted. Belly white. Head 
 punctured. Dorlld Fins near the Tail. 
 Two anal Fins, alternate. Ventral 
 Fins concreted. Body flender. 
 
 6. Carcharias. Tf'lnte Sh::rk. Teeth 6 rows, 
 
 ferrated. Back flat. Firft dorfal Fin 
 
 near 
 
64 AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 
 
 near the middle of the Back. Peroral 
 Fins large. No anal Fin. Tail di- 
 vided J the upper part largeft. Skin 
 very rough. Weight fometimes 1 000 lb. 
 
 7. Muftelus. Smooth Houndfijh. Teeth numerous, 
 
 obtufe. Back brown. Body roundifh, 
 oblong. Dorfal Fins 2 ; anal i. Pec- 
 toral Fins ftiort. Noftrils wide. 
 
 8. Glaucus. Blue Shark. Nofe long, (harp, 
 * deprefTed, and pun£lured. A triangu- 
 lar foffule on ti>e Back. No Foramina 
 near the Eyes. Mouth beneath. Teeth 
 large, ferrated. Back dark blue. Belly 
 filver white. Dorfal Fins 2. Perioral 
 Fins long and pointed. Skin not very 
 rough. Length 7 or 8 feet. Dale 
 Hariv. 420. Borl. Cornw. 264. 
 
 LOPHIUS. Spiracle i. behind the peroral 
 Fins. Gills 3. Teeth numerous, flen- 
 der, fliarp. 
 
 I. Pifcatorius. Frog-fijh^ or Sea Devil. Head 
 as large as the whole body. Mouth 
 large. Eyes diftant ; Pupil divided by 
 a tranfverfe line. No Noftrils. Se- 
 veral long Spines on the Head. Body 
 furroundcd with litde appendages. 
 
 ACIPENSER. A fingle narrow Spiracle 
 on each fide. Mouth beneath, retrac- 
 tile, without Teeth. 
 
 I. Sturio. Sturgeon. Skin rough. Nofe long, flat, 
 
 {harp. Noftrils with a double aperture. 
 
 2 Four 
 
AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 6^ 
 
 Four appentJages from the under Jaw; 
 Five rows of fpinous tubercles on the 
 Back. One dorfal Fin. Tail bifid^ 
 the upper fegment Ipngeft. 
 
 TETRODON. Maxilla bony, apex bi- 
 partite. Aperture narrow. No ven- 
 tral Fins. 
 
 I. Mola. Sunfjlj. No Scales. Ski-n hard and 
 rough. Back blackifh. . Belly white. 
 Tail truncated, with a fliort femicircu- 
 lar Fin, joined to the dorfal and anal. 
 Body comprefTed, appearing like the 
 Head of a fi(h only. Dale Harw. 427. 
 Borl. Cornw. 267. 
 
 CYCLOPTERUS. Head obtufe. Teeth 
 in tha Jaws. The ventral Fins infun- 
 dibuliform. 
 
 1. Lumpus. Lu?np FiJ})^ Sea OivU or Cockpaddle* 
 
 Noflrils Angle. Back ridged, and be- 
 fet with fharp tubercles. Colour, black 
 niixt with pale red and white. Dorfal 
 Fin long. Tail-Fin diftindl:. 
 
 2. Liparis. Sea Snail. Body naked. Dorfal, 
 
 anal and tail Fins united. A round 
 fpot like the impreffion of a feal under 
 the Throat. Length about 3 inches. 
 
 SYGNANTHUS. Nofe roundifh, com- 
 
 prefled. Mouth afmall round aperture at 
 
 the extremity of the Head, and covered 
 
 bv a kind of valve : Gills covered in 
 
 F the 
 
66 AMPHIBIA. NANTES. 
 
 the fame manner. Body long. No 
 ventral Fins. 
 
 1. Typhele. Needle Fijh. Body hexangular to 
 
 the Anus. One dorfal Fin. Length 
 5 inches. Diameter \ of an inch. 
 
 2. Acus Body, to the Anus, hept- 
 
 angular, and covered with 20 laminae, 
 the Tail with 36. Length 4! inches. 
 
 3. Ophidon. Sea Adder. Body cylindrical. Dor- 
 
 fal Fin only. Colour greenifh duflcy 
 grey. Length about 9 inches. 
 
 CLASS 
 
JISHES. APODES. Gj 
 
 GLASS IV. 
 FISHES. 
 
 Breathe by Gills, not arbitrarily.' Rays of their 
 Pins bony. Hc.irt with one ventricle. No 
 • external parts of Generation. 
 
 1. A P O D E S. 
 
 No ventral Fins. 
 
 MUR.ENA. Body long, flender, cylindri- 
 cal. Noftrils tubular. Apertures of 
 the Gills near the pedtoral Fins. Eyes 
 covered by a membrane. 
 
 .1. Ophis. Spotted Sea Serpent. Body very fmall 
 in proportion to its length. Mouth 
 large. Teeth point inwards. Back 
 fpotted with white. Belly and Fins 
 whitifb. Tail naked, pointed. Length 
 from 3 to 4 feet. 
 
 2. Anguilla. Ed. The lower Maxilla longer 
 
 than the upper. Dorfal, anal and tliil 
 Fins united. Iris red. Lateral line 
 afcends towards the Head. Vertebrae 
 lib. IVill. 109. kaj. 37. 
 
 3. Myrus. Fln-ta'iVd Sea Serpent. Back dark 
 
 olive fpotted with white. Body con-:- 
 ^ 2 prclTed. 
 
68 FISHES. A P O D E S. 
 
 prefled. Back Fin, furrounding the 
 Tail as in the former, edged with 
 black. Raj. 36. Hill. 237. 
 
 4. Conger. Conger Eel. Fins like the laft fpe- 
 cies. Lateral line ftrait, broad, white. 
 Back dark olive. Belly white. Length 
 from 5 to 8 feet, and thick as a man's 
 thigh. IVill. 3. Raj. 37. 
 
 ANARHICHAS. Foreteeth conic, di- 
 verging. Tail Fin diftinil. 
 
 I. Lupus, Sea Wolf. Head and Mouth large. 
 Teeth long and numerous. Eyes pro- 
 minent. Body thick, lubricous and 
 variegated. Pedloral Fins large and 
 roundifh. Dorfal Fin long but not 
 high. Length 4 or 5 feet. Raj. 40. 
 Will 130. 
 
 AMMODYTES. Head compreffed, and 
 narrower than the Body. Lower Man- 
 dible {harp. Small Teeth in the fauces 
 only. Gill-membrane has 7 rays. 
 Body long and roundifh. Scales hardly 
 vifible. Tail diftind. 
 
 I. Tobianus. Sand Eel or Launce. Lateral line 
 double. Anus nearer the Head than 
 Tail. Dorfal Fin almoft from Head 
 to Tail. Belly white, with 3 longitu- 
 dinal lines. Dale Harw. 426. Will. 
 
 IL JU- 
 
FISHESJ JUGULARES. 69 
 
 II. JUGULAR ES. 
 
 Ventral Fins before the pefloral, 
 
 CALLIONYMUS. Upper Lip duplicate. 
 Eves near toeether. Apertures of the 
 Gills in the Neck, No Scales. 
 
 1 . Lyra, Lyre. The rays of the fix-ft dorfal Fin 
 
 equal to the length of the Body. The 
 upper Mandible longer than the under. 
 Dale Hariv. 431. 
 
 2. Dracunculus Upper mandible 
 
 longeft, and hooked. Head large, 
 comprefTed. Firft ray of the anterior 
 dorfal Fin reaching to the Tail. Co- 
 lour yellow, pearl colour and blue. 
 Borl. Corn. 270. 
 
 TRACHINUS. Head befet with Tuber- 
 cles. Eyes near together. Two dor- 
 fal Fins, the firft fhort. Anus near 
 the Bread, 
 
 i. Draco. Weaver. Under Maxilla longeft. 
 Body comprefled. Dorfal and tail Fins 
 ferrated. Lateral line ftrait, yellow. 
 A ftrong Spine near the valve of the 
 Gills. A deep fulcus on the hack. 
 The antsKor dorfal Spines venomous. 
 
 GADUS. Head fmooth. Rays of the GiU 
 F 3 " raem- 
 
^0 FISHES. JUG U'L ARES. 
 
 membrane 7. Body oblong. Pe£lora| 
 Fins ending in a point. 
 
 Tl^iih 3 dorfal Fins. _ J Q'lrrm or Beard from 
 the lower faw. 
 
 J. ^glelinus. Haddock. Upper Maxilla longefl". 
 t-aieral line black. A brown fpot or^ 
 the left fide. Back ridged. Belly 
 white. Tail a little forked. 
 
 •2. Morhua. Cod. Upper Maxilla longed. La- 
 ter?.] line white. Colour variegated. 
 Tail not forked, and its firft ray fpi- 
 nous. 
 
 3. Lufcas. R'lh^ ox Blir.ds. The firft ray of the 
 
 ventral Fins long. The lateral line 
 dotted and curved. Body ccmprciled. 
 Back olive. Beilv white. Raj. 54. 
 
 mil. 169. 
 
 4. Barbatus. TPljiting Pout. Body broad. Back 
 
 Convex. Lateral linp much curved, 
 'i'wo blackifti fpots at the roots of 
 the pectoral Fins. Tail even. Anus 
 near the Head. Punilures on each fide 
 the lower Maxilla 7. Raj. 55. Will, 
 cpp. 22. 
 
 5. Minutus. Boer. Pack convex. Anus near 
 
 the center. Punctures in the Maxilla 
 9 on each fide. Length 14 inch. Raj, 
 50 — 163. IVill. lyi. B or I. 26S. 
 
 Jp^ith 3 dorfal Fins^ and no Cirrus. 
 
 (i. Mcrlangus. IVlnling. Back convex, dufky j 
 the reft of the Body white. Upper 
 jaw longeft. Lateral line curved. 
 
 Tail 
 
FISHES. JUGULARES. 7I 
 
 Tall even. A black fpot on each fide 
 near the root of the pectoral Fin. Raj. 
 55. inil. 170. 
 
 7. Carbonarius. Cole Fijh, ox Raxv Pollac. Co- 
 
 lour black mixt with dufky yellow. 
 Under Jaw longeft. Latersl line broad, 
 white, ftrait. Size of the laft fpecies. 
 R.aj. 54. 
 
 8. Pollachius. Iflnt'ing Pollach. Back convex. 
 
 Lower Jaw longeft. Lateral line broad, 
 curved. Tail lunated. Body thick. 
 Length about 12 inches. jR.?/. 53. Tf'ill. 
 16 J. Dale Harw. 428. 
 
 TVith 2 dorfal Fins. 
 
 9. Merluccius. Hake. Body long and roundlfn. 
 
 Under Jaw longed. Lateral line curved. 
 < Head broad. Back brownifli giey. 
 
 Belly white. Tail even. Length 
 about 2 feet. Raj. 56. IVill. 174. 
 Dak Harw. 429. 
 
 10. Molva. Ling. L^pper Jaw longeft ; a cirrus 
 
 from the lower. Head depreftcd. Mouth 
 '*-" large. Back convex, black-brown. 
 
 Body long, and roundifh. Tail a little 
 rounded. Raj. 50. JVtll. 175. 
 
 11. Lota. Eel Pout. Body long, flender and lu- 
 
 bricous. Head broad,^ deprefled. Jaws 
 equal. A cirrus from the lower Jaw. 
 Tail nearly oval, Raj. 67, ^8, 3. 
 Will. lis. 
 
 12. Muflela. TVlnJile Fiji), Rocklingy or Sea 
 
 Loach. A deep furrow in the anterior 
 
 .,- part of the back. Tail rounded. Body 
 
 F 4 flender. 
 
'^i r I S H E S. J U G U L A R E S. 
 
 /lender. Length 8 inches. Raj. 67, 
 164. fflll. 111. 
 
 BLENNIUS. Head decllving from the 
 eyes forward, and covered. Rays of 
 the Gill-membrane 6. Rays of the 
 ventral Fins 2. Anal Fin diftind. 
 
 1. Galerita. Crejled Sea Lark. A triangular 
 
 creft, red at the edges, between the 
 Eyes. Body variegated. Dorfal Fin 
 nearly from Head to Tail. l;Fill. 134 
 
 2. Pholis. Sea Lark, Afulgramc, or Bukard. 
 
 Upper Jaw longeft, and (harp. Colour 
 variegated. Tail rounded. Length 6 
 or 7 inches. DorfaJ Fin almoft from 
 Head to Tail. Raj. 73. JVill. 133. 
 
 3. Gunnellus. Butter F'ljh. Colour, brown, 
 
 olive, green, white. Ten black fpots, 
 with white edges, on each fide the 
 dorfal Fin. Mouth large, curving up- 
 wards, Eyes fmall and covered with 
 a cuticle. Scales extreamly minute. 
 Length 6 inches. ^^'.144. WilLw^. 
 Pet. gaz. t. 51. 5. 
 
 m. THORACICL 
 Ventral Fins under the peroral, 
 
 GOBIUS. Eyes very near each other, 
 with 2 fmall pundtures between. Rays 
 of the Gill-membrane 4. Ventral Fins 
 pnited, forming a kind of funnel. 
 
 5 I. Niger, 
 
FISHES. T H O R A e I e f. 73 
 
 -j> Niger. SeaGudgcon^oT Rock Fijh. Back brown, 
 / whitifh, yeliowifh, blue, green, olive, 
 
 black. Tail, dorfal and anal Fins pale 
 blue. Belly yellow. Rays of the po- 
 ilcrior dorfal Fin 14. Eyes covered by 
 one common membrane. JP^iil. 206. 
 Raj. 16. Dale Harw. /^2(). 
 
 COTTUS. Head broader than the Body 
 and fpinous. Rays of the Gill-mem- 
 brane 6. 
 
 1. Cataph radius. Pogge. Body otSlangular, be- 
 
 fet with hard tubercles ; 'Fail hexan- 
 gular. Two cirri on the upper Jaw ; 
 feveral on the lower. Anus near the 
 center. " Tail rounded. JVill. 211. 
 Raj, 'j'j. Dale Hariv. 430.' 
 
 2. Scorpius. Father laJJjer. Upper Jaw longeft. 
 
 Anterior ■ part of the Body deprelFed. 
 Back brown. Sides flreaked tranfvcrfely 
 with black. Rays of the firft dorfal 
 Fin II. Of the fecond 16. Tail 
 rounded. Raj. 145. JVill. 138. 
 
 3. Gobio. Bull-head., or Miller's Thumb. Two 
 
 Spines on the Head. No Scales on the 
 Body. Back brown with black fpots. 
 Belly whitilh. Fins yeliowifh. Rays 
 of the firft dorfal Fin 7. Of the 2d. 
 J 6 or 17. Length 4 or 5 inches. In 
 rivers and rivulets. JVill. 137. Raj. 76, 
 
 ZEUS. Head and Body remarkably com- 
 prefied. Upper lip flieathed in a tranf- 
 yerfe membrane. 
 
 I. Faber. 
 
:7'4 FISHES. THORACIC I. 
 
 I. Faber. Doree. Head and Mouth large. Co- 
 Jour olive tinged with j^old colour. A 
 large black fpot on each fide. Lateral 
 line much curved. Ten prickly rays 
 on the anterior dorfal Fin, Spines on 
 the Back and Belly. Tail rounded. 
 Raj, 99. JVill. 294. 
 
 PLEURONECTES. Both Eyes on one 
 fide of the Head. Body cxtreanily 
 comprefTcd. One fide white. 
 
 Eyes on the right fide. 
 
 1. Hippoglofilis. HoTihut in the South: Turhot 
 ' ' in the North. Body fmooth. Rays of 
 
 the dorfal Fin 105. Raj. ■^2' ^^^^.99. 
 
 2. Platcfla. Plaife. Body fraooth, with round 
 
 red fpots on the upper fide. Six tu- 
 bercles on the head. Rays of the dorfal 
 Fin 76. Raj. 31. Will. 96. 
 
 3. Fleflus. Flounder. Lateral line rough. Short 
 
 fpines on the right fide of the Fins. 
 Rays of the dorfal Fin 60, 61, or 62. 
 
 ,4. Limanda. Dab. Scales fringed with fhort 
 fpines. Body broad. The upper fide 
 fpotted with pale yellow. Short fpines 
 at the roots of the dorfal and anal Fins. 
 Lateral liiic curved. Rays of the dorfal 
 Fin 78 or 79. Raj. 32. Will. 97. 
 
 5. Solea. Soal. Body oblong. Scales rough. 
 Upper Jaw longcit. Lateral line ftrait. 
 Anus between the ventral Fins. Rays 
 of the dorfal Fin 91. Raj. 33. Will. 
 ICQ, 
 
 Eyes 
 
FISHES. THORACIC!." 75 
 
 Eyes on the left fide. 
 
 Rhombus. Pearl. Body fmooth, fcaly. Raj, 
 31. IFili 95. 
 
 Maximus, 'Turhot^ in the South : Bret in the 
 North. Body rough, and not fcaly. 
 Several rows of Teeth. Rays of the 
 dorfal Fin 64; anal 48 ; peroral 11. 
 Rf!j: 31. JVill. 95. 
 
 .tzA 
 
 €PARUS. Teeth like thofe of Quadrupeds. 
 Lips duplicate. Valve of the Gills 
 fcaly. Body comprefled. 
 
 I. PaTus. 5"^^ Bream. Colour reddifh. At 
 the roots of the dorfal and anal Fins 
 the fkin forms a finus. Body broad. 
 Back and Belly ridged. One dorfal 
 Fin. mil. 312. Raf. 131. Charlt, 
 
 139- 
 
 LABRUS. Teeth fharp. Lipsfimple. Rays 
 of the Gill-membrane 6 ; Valve fcaly. 
 Rays of the Jorfal Fin alternately foft 
 and ridged. 
 
 I. Tinea. TVraffe^ or Old wife. Snout curving 
 upwards. Tail circular. Body thick, 
 comprelTcd. Scales large. Colour va- 
 riegated with red, brown, yellow. Rays 
 of the dorfal Fin 26. i2<7/. 136. Will. 
 
 319- 
 
 PERCA. Valve of the Gills fcaly, J"er- 
 rated ; rays of the membrane 7. Fins 
 fninous. Scales hard and rough. 
 
 I. Flu- 
 
t]^ FISHES. T H R A C I C I. 
 
 1. Fluviatilis. Pearch. Two dorfal Fins, the 
 
 firft of 14, the fecond of 16 rays. 
 Ventral Fins red. On each fide 6 
 tranfverfe black lines, A black fpot at 
 the end of the anterior dorfal Fin. In 
 lakes and rivers. TVill.2^1. Ra'j.c^']. 
 
 2. Labrax. Bajfe. Two dorfal Fins, the fe- 
 
 cond 14 rays. Back blackifh. Belly 
 filver white. Shaped like the. Salmon. 
 Tail a little forked. Length 3 feet. 
 Willi']!, RaJ.S^. 
 
 3. Cernua. Rujff^' One dorfal Fin, of 27 rays, 
 
 15 of which are fpinous. Head full of 
 cavities. Colour brown-yellow, with 
 black fpots. Length 5 inches. In 
 ipiany of our rivers. fVill. 334. Raj, 
 
 J44- 
 
 GASTEROSTEUS. Gill-membrane hath 
 3 rays. Ventral Fins behind the pec- 
 toral, but above the fternum. Dorfal 
 Spines diftindt. 
 
 1, Aculeata. Stickle-back. One dorfal Fin the 
 
 whole length of the back, with 3 an- 
 terior Spines. Head and Back blackifh ; 
 the reft of the Body filvery. Body 
 comprefi'ed. Eyes on the fides of the 
 Head. Tail even. Frequent in our 
 rivers. Raj. 145. Will. 341. 
 
 2. Pungitius. Lefs Stickle-back. Ten dorfal Spines. 
 
 Much like the former, but lefs. Raj. 
 145. Will. 342. 
 
 3. Spina- 
 
FISHES. T H R A C I C li 77 
 
 3. Spinachia. Great Sea Stickle-back. Dorfal 
 Spines 15. Length 6 or 7 inches. A 
 fea fifh. JVilL 340. Raj. 145. 
 
 SCOMBER. Head and Body comprefred, 
 fmooth. Tail forked. Rays of the 
 Gill-membrane 7. Spurious Fins near 
 the Tail. 
 
 "i. Scomber. Mackrel. Spurious Fins 5. A 
 Ihort Spine at the Anus. 
 
 2. Thynnus. Tunny-fijh. Spurious Fins 9 above, 
 
 8 beneath. A Furrow near the ventral 
 Fins. 
 
 3. Trachurus. Horfe Mackrel^ or Scad, Late- 
 
 ral line curved, prickly, ferrated. A 
 Furrow in the middle of the Back. 
 Rays of the firft dorfal Fin 8 ; 2d 34; 
 anal 30. 
 
 MULLUS. Head fcaly, comprefTed, de- 
 cliving from the Crown to the Nofe. 
 Gill-membrane with 3 Rays. Body 
 with large Scales, eafily deciduous. 
 Very fmall towards the Tail. 
 
 I. Surmuletus. Surmullet. Cirri 2. Head fmooth. 
 Colour brown olive, with 4 longitudi- 
 nal yellow lines on each fide. Fins 
 and Tail yellow ftaincd with fcarlet. 
 Ravs of the 2d dorfal Fin 8. Corn- 
 wall. Raj. 91, JVill. 285. 
 
 TRIGLA: 
 
'/S f I- S «. E S. T HO R A € I C I* 
 
 TRIGLA. Head armed with rough linesi 
 Gill- membrane with 7 Rays. Three 
 Digits to the pe6toral Fins. 
 
 1. Lyra. Piper. Nofe long, bifid ; Noftrils 
 
 tubular. A large Spine above each 
 pedtoral Fin. Spots 70 on each fide. 
 Raj. 89. If^ill. 282. Dale Hariv. 431. 
 
 2. Gurnardus. Grey Gurnard. Nofe bifid ; 2 
 
 Spines at each eye. Back fpotted with 
 black and red. Pedloral Fins pale. 
 Raj. 88. JVill. 279. 
 
 3. Cuculus. Red Gurnard. Nofe fomewhat 
 
 bifid. Valve of the Gills ftriated. 
 Lateral line imperfedt. Colour intirely 
 red. Raj. 89. TVill. 281. 
 
 4. Hirundo. Tub Fijh. Head fquare, fpinous. 
 
 Three cirri between the pe6loral and 
 ventral Fins. Lateral line prickly. 
 Sides variegated with purple green and 
 white. Peroral Fins black. Raj. 88. 
 WilL 280. 
 
 IV. ABDOMlNALES. 
 
 Ventral Fins on the Abdomen behind the 
 pedoral. 
 
 COBTTIS. Eyes in the upper part of the 
 Head. Gill-membrane with 4 to 6' 
 rays. Valve clofed beneath. Body 
 comprefl'ed, and nearly of an equal 
 thickne/s. 
 
 S I. Bar- 
 
FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 79 
 
 1. Barbatulj. Grcuv.dlingy or Louche. Cirri 6. 
 
 Head without Spines. Body fmooth, 
 fpolted. DorDl I-'in 8 rays. Irides 
 yellow. Length 3 inches. Raj. 124. 
 
 2. Taenia. Bearded Loach. Cirri 6. Upper jaw 
 
 longeft. A forked Spine under each 
 Eye. No Teeth, nor lateral line. 
 Dorfal Fin of 9 rays. Length 3 inches. 
 In lakes and ponds. Raj. 124. JViU. 
 265, 266. 
 
 SALMO. Head fmooth. Teeth in the 
 Jaws and on the Tongue. Giil- 
 membrane 4 — 10 rays. Dorfal Fin 
 near the Head. 
 
 1. Salar. Salmon. Upper Jaw longcft. Rays 
 
 ci the anterior dorfal Fin 15. Second 
 without Rays. Lateral line ftrait, 
 with a few black fpots above and be- 
 low. Tail lunated. Raj. 63. //-^//A 
 189. 
 
 2. Eriox. Grey. Spotted all over with grev 
 
 fpots. Tail equal. Not quite fo large 
 as the Salmon. Raj. 63. IVill. 193. 
 
 3. Trutta. Salmon Trout. Jaws equal. Dorfjl 
 
 Fin 12 rays, v/ith black fpots. Pecto- 
 ral Fins 13 rays, with 6 fpots. Tail 
 " even. Head and fides fprinkled with 
 
 black fpots furrounded witli brov/n. 
 Raj. 63. 7/^/7/. 193. 
 
 Fario. Trout. Lower Jaw lon'::^^. Sides 
 if ctted with red. Tail lunated. Rays 
 
 of 
 
 \vz 
 
So FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 
 
 of the anal Fin lO. Ra}. 65. WilL 
 199. 
 
 5. Carplo. Gilt Charre. Five rows of Teeth 
 
 in the Palate. Irides white. Sides 
 and Belly filvery. Black fpots on the 
 Back. Eight punctures on each fide 
 the lower Jaw. Body broader than the 
 Trout. Raj. 66. TVill. 197. 
 
 6. Alpinus. Red Charre. Lower Jaw longeft. 
 
 Irides grey j pupil black. Rays of the 
 Gill-membrane 10. Rays of the dor- 
 fal Fin 12. Back blackifti. Sides pale 
 blue. Belly orange. Ventral Fins 
 red ; external margin white. Tail lu- 
 nated. Length 12 or 13 inches. TViri' 
 andermercy IVeJhnorl. Raj. 65. Will. 
 196. 
 
 7. Eperlanus. ^melt. Dorfal oppofite to the 
 
 anal Fin. Head diaphanous. Rays of 
 the anal Fin 17. Back convex. La- 
 teral line ftrait. Raj. 66. Will. 202. 
 
 8. Lavaretus. Schelley. Teeth fcarce vifible. 
 
 Upper Jaw longeft. Rays of the dorfal 
 Fin 14. Lateral line ftrait. Scales 
 larger than thofe of the Trout. Sides 
 and Belly filver v/hite. Shaped like 
 a Herring. Hulfwater, Cumber/. Raj. 
 61. Will. 183. 
 
 ^. Thymalus. Grayling, or Umber. Upper Jaw 
 longeft. Dorfal rays 23 ; thofe of the 
 Gills 9. Body narrow. Teeth ex- 
 treamly minute. Length 13 or 14. 
 
 inches. 
 
tISHES, AEDOMINALES; 8t 
 
 *[l^ r inches. Scales large, femicircular, and 
 not imbricated. Raj. 62. fFlll. 187. 
 
 ESOX. Under Jaw longeft, pundured. 
 Teeth in the Jaws and Tongue. Body 
 long. Dorfal Fin near the Tail. Rays 
 of the Gill-membrane 14. 
 
 1. Ofieus. Great Gar Fijh. Upper Jaw longcfl:. 
 
 Mouth very large. Eyes fmall, Iris 
 yellow. Scales imbricated 'and hard. 
 Tail quadrangular. Body long and 
 fmall. Length 2 feet, SuJ/ex coo/?. 
 Hill. 223. 
 
 2. -Lucius. Pih. Head comprefTed behind ; 
 - . r, deprefled before. Body fomewhat quad- 
 rangular. Teeth numerous regular. 
 Lateral line ftrait. Tail forked ; Vv^ith 
 19 rays. Raj. 112. //';//. 236. 
 
 3. Belone. Horn FiJh, or Gar Fijh. Snout 
 
 long, flender, pointed. Body long, 
 fmall. Back olive-black. Sides yel- 
 lowifli. On the Sea coaft. Raj. IC9. 
 IVill. 231. Dale Harvj. 433. 
 
 MUGIL. No Teeth. Rays of the Gill- 
 membrane 7. Lips membranous. Scales 
 imbricated, cover both the Body and 
 the Head. 
 
 I. Cephalus. Mullet. Dorfal rays 5. Mouth 
 fmall. Lyes large, diflant, and placed 
 near the extremity of the Head ; Iris 
 white ; pupil black. Back brown-grey. 
 Sides and Belly filver white. No la- 
 teral line. Ventr.d and anal Fins 
 G white. 
 
Zl FISHES. ABDOMIIf ALE Sr 
 
 white. Dark longitudinal lines on the 
 fides. Raj, 84, Will. 274, 
 
 CLUPEA. Rays of the Gill-membrane 8. 
 Belly very acute, ferrated. 
 
 1. Harengus. Herring, Under Jaw longeft. 
 
 Back dufky blue. Dorfal rays 19; 
 Tail forked, rays 18. Raj. 103. Will. 
 219. 
 
 2. Sprattus. Sprat. Under Jaw longeft. Dor- 
 
 fal rays 17. A dark fpot on each fide 
 near the Gills. Length 4 or 5 inches. 
 Vertebrae 48. Raj. 105. Will. 22I. 
 
 3. Alofa. Shad, or Pilchard. Apex of the up- 
 
 per Jaw bifid. Black fpots from 4 to 
 7 on each fide. Dorfal rays 19; Tail 
 19. Length above four times its 
 breadth. Vertebrae 55. i^^". 104 .105, 
 Will. 223, 227. 
 
 CYPRINUS. No Teeth. Rays of the 
 Gill-membrane 3. Body fmooth. 
 
 I. Barbus. Barbie. Upper Jaw longeft. Beards 
 4. Rays of the anal Fin 7. Back 
 ridged. Tail forked. Length 10 or 
 II inches. In moft of our rivers. 
 Raj. 121. Will. 259. 
 
 2* Carpio. Carp. Beards 4. Rays of the anal 
 Fin 9. Hooks on the 3d ray of the 
 dorfal Fin. Scales large, imbricated. 
 Lateral line ftrait. Dorfal Fin blackifti ; 
 the others pale red. Raj, 115. Will. 
 246. 
 
 3 3- Gobi©^ 
 
FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 8^ 
 
 3. Gobio. Gudgeon. Beards 2. Upper Jaw 
 longeft. Rays of the anal Fin 9. 
 Black fpots on the Back and Sides. 
 Lateral line black, and almofl ftrait, 
 Dorfal rays 10. Tail a little forked. 
 Length 5 inches. Raj. 123. Will. 264. 
 
 4. Tinea. Tench. Colour purplifli black. Scales 
 
 fmall and lubricous. Extremity of the 
 Tail even. Dorfal rays 12 ; anal 25. 
 Irides red. Length 10 or 11 inches. 
 Raj. 113, 117. Will. 251. 
 
 5. Cephalus. Chub, or Cheven. Head and Scales 
 
 large. Body long and roundifh. Anal 
 rays II. Tail even. Length 12 inches. 
 In moft of our rivers. Raj. ijg. Will, 
 255- 
 
 6. Phoxinus. Pink, Minime, or Minoiv Pink. 
 
 Body roundifh, pellucid. Lateral line 
 yellow. Brown fpots near the Tail. 
 Rays of the anal Fin 8. Colour va- 
 rious. Length 2 inches. In (hallow 
 rivers. Raj. 125. Will. 258. 
 
 7. Leucifcus. Dace. Body roundifli and flender. 
 
 Scales large, imbricated. Irides white. 
 Rays of the anal Fin 10. Length 6 or 
 7 inches. Raj. 121. Will. 260. 
 
 B. Rutilus. Roach. Iris, ventral and anal Fins 
 red. Scales large, imbricated; Late- 
 ral line curved dovi^nwards. Rays of 
 the anal Fin 12. Tail forked. Length 
 6 or 7 inches. Raj. 122. Will. 262.^ 
 
 9. Orfus. Rud, or Fincale. Colour yellowifh 
 
 brown. Ventral, anal Fins anji Tail 
 
 G 2 red. 
 
$4 FISHES. ABDOMINALES. 
 
 red. Red fpots on the valve of the 
 Gills. Irides yellow w^ith black fpots. 
 Dorfal rays lO ; anal 13. Tail forked. 
 In the lakes in Uoldernefs, Lincolnft). 
 Raj. iiS. WilI.2S2. Plot. Ox. 
 
 10. Erythrophthalmus. Red Eye. Iris and Fins 
 
 • red. Body tinged with red. Rays of 
 the anal Fin 15. Dots on the lateral 
 line 60. Rsj, 116. 
 
 11. Alburnus. Bleak. Under Jaw longeft. 
 
 Back convex. Belly fharp. Fins 
 whitifh. Scales large, imbricated. Anal 
 rays 20. Length 5 inches. In rivers. 
 Raj. 123. PFill. 263. 
 
 12. Brama, Bream. Fins blackifh- Back and 
 
 Belly ridged. Scales large, imbricated, 
 filvery. Rays of the anal Fin 27. Tail 
 forked. Length 12 inches. Frequent 
 in large rivers. Raj. lib. Will. 2^^.. 
 
 CLASS 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. S^ 
 CLASS V. 
 
 INSECTS. 
 
 Antennse 2. Legs 6 or more. Breathe through 
 lateral Spiracula. 
 
 L COLEOPTERA. 
 
 ni 
 ^•6 
 
 Wings 2, covered by 2 Shells, divided by a 
 lonoitudinal future. ^ 'j ::- . 
 
 SCARABiEUS. Antenns clavated, their 
 extremities f.ffile. Five joints in each 
 Foot. 
 
 , , . Thorax cormited. 
 
 jy Typhoeus. Bull-comk-r. Thorajc fmooth 
 with three hori.s or fpines, thofe on 
 
 J each {\6q extending forxyard equal with 
 
 i\[ , , the extremity of the Hea^. Shells 
 ftriated. Legs hairy. Length ^ inch. 
 Colour black. On Hamflead-Heath ia 
 
 3|if.D . the Spring. ' Pet: gaz. 'T . t.^. f. 3. 
 
 a.'Lunaris. Lunated Beetle. On the Head a 
 lunated helmet and an ere^l horn. Tho- 
 rax with t\yo horns and a longitudinal 
 line. Eight longitudinal fcratches on 
 eachShell. Colour dark brown. Length 
 •^^-^^'^ inch. ■^'^''-•1 
 
 -sM .' G 3 3. Nu- 
 
t6 INSECTS. COfEOTTHKAl 
 
 3. Nuchicornis. ...... An erecS horn on 
 
 the back of the Head. Thorax rounded. 
 Head and Thorax Waek. Shells grey 
 clouded with black. Length -j^ inch. 
 Under Swines dung, frequent in the 
 Spring. 
 
 4. FofTor. Lttt/e oval Beetle. Black and fl^ining. 
 
 Three tranfverfe points on the Head, 
 Nine longitudinal ftriaa on the Shells. 
 Length 4 inch. 
 
 5. Fimetarius. Dung Beetle. Thorax rounded, 
 
 with a margin. Head and Thorax 
 black. Antennae and Shells red, in 
 fome grey. Frequent in the Spring on 
 Cow-dung. Length i. of an inch. 
 
 (f. Haemorrhoidalis Extremity of the 
 
 Shells and Legs red. Size of a grain 
 of Millet. In muflirooms and putrid 
 vegetables. 
 
 '^. Stejcorarius. Common Dor, or Clock. Hel- 
 met raifed in the middle. Corfefeit 
 rouhded, margined. Above black. Be- 
 neath fhining blue. Thighs hairy with a 
 brown fpot on the anterior ones. Shells 
 ftriated. Lensith i inch. 
 
 S. Vernalis. Colour intirely dark 
 
 fhining blue. Shells notftriated. Length 
 ^ inch. Otherwife like the former. 
 
 9. Horticola. Black LegSy or Garden Beetle. Be- 
 neath black and hairy. Head and 
 Thorax blue. Shells light brown. 
 Length 4- inch. On Apple trees. 
 
 10. Me- 
 
tNSECTS. COLEOPTERA 87 
 
 JO. Melolontha. Tree Bettle^ Brown, or Blind 
 Beetle. Thorax hairy. Incifures of 
 the abdomen white. Triangular white 
 fpot on each fide the Belly. Four ftriae 
 on each Shell. Tail (harp, long, 
 curved. Leaves <rf the Antennae 6 or 
 7. Length i inch. Geof. I. 70. 
 
 ?I. Solftitialis. Hoary Beetle. Thorax hairy. 
 Shells pale brown with 3 white lines. 
 Tail not long. Length 4 inch. Fre- 
 quent in Autumn, in the eaftern part 
 of this kingdom. 
 
 12. Hemipterus. Flat Beetle. Scaly with white 
 
 dots. Head long and fmall. Thorax 
 woolly, margined, with two longitudi- 
 nal ridges. Shells abbreviated. Length 
 -i inch. 
 
 13. Fafciatus, Yellow Beetle. Head, Body, Corfe- 
 
 let black with yellow hair. Shells 
 pale yellovkT with 3 black crofs-lines. 
 Tail not quite covered. Length -i 
 inch, 
 
 14. Auratus. Rofe Chaffer^ Brafs Beetle^ or Gretn 
 
 Beetle. Colour green with a bronze 
 tinge. White tranfverfe fpots on the 
 iliells. Sternum proJ€<Ss towards the 
 Head. Length \ inch. On flowers, 
 particularly rofes, and pioniae. 
 
 15. Nobilis Differs from the laft in 
 
 being rather lefs, no bronze ting?, 
 thorax not proje6ling. 
 
 G 4. LUCA- 
 
S8 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA,' 
 
 LUGANUS. Antennae elevated, compreff- 
 ed, pejStinato-ftfTile. Maxiilas extended 
 fo.^s to refemble horns. Five joints 
 in each foot. 
 
 1. Cervus. Stag-Beeth: Plead and Thorax 
 
 •black. Shells dark brown. Horns, 
 refembling thofe of a Stag, forked ^ 
 the end, a fmajl branch near the mid- 
 dle on the infide, moveable. Shells 
 plain. Length i.^.. inch. In feveral 
 places near Jvondori. \ 
 
 2. Parallelipipedus. ...... Like the laft, but 
 
 much lefs, aiid'more compreffed. Co- 
 lour black. P^t. p. 12. cap. i. n. 3. 
 
 3. Garaboides. Blue Stag. A violet tinge. 
 
 Horns lunated. Thorax margined. 
 Length -i inch.^ •■ -' 
 
 DERMESTES. Antennse of 3 joints, cla- 
 vated, perfoliated. Thorax convex. 
 Head concealed under the Thorax. 
 
 1. Lardarius Black. Anterior part 
 
 of the Shells grey. On each Shell 3 
 black fpots in the form of a triangle. 
 Produced from the bacon magot. 
 Length 2. inch. 
 
 2. Pelliq. Colour dark fhining brown. 
 
 A wT^ite fpot on each- Shell. In houfes 
 anu on flowers. Length i. inch. 
 
 3. Domefticus Colour black brown. 
 
 Thorax raifed and Ibmewhat hairy. 
 
 Shells 
 
INSXCTS. 'COLEOPTIRA. Z§ 
 
 Shells ftriated. Antennae redifh. On 
 being touched it rolls- itfelf up, anjl 
 continues motionlefs. It is this infe61-, 
 fays GeofFroy, which makes the round 
 holes in furniture, arid which we call 
 • the <leath-watch. Length ^^ inch. 
 
 ^^^..umatus. . f ;. Colour ligpt brown. 
 
 Eyes black. Thorax margined. Size 
 of a loufe. In horfe dung. 
 
 5. Pulicaris.- Flm Beetk. Oblong;, black. Shells 
 :" abbreviated. Belly and Wings whitifli. 
 
 Runs and flies eafily. ., jSi^^ of a flea. 
 
 On flowers.^ 
 .L £.16 ,3xciip8 . . .1 
 
 ":' ,^ PTINUS. Antennae fub-filiform, the joint? 
 ' ri- ; ■^^w•3^ds...'the end langell. Thorax 
 rouridiffil 'concealing the head. 
 
 "i". "Pediinicornis. , . i . . . . Black-brown. An- 
 ,, , tennae pafe yellow, with teeth on the 
 
 ' ^'^ inner fide. Legs colour of the An- 
 
 tennae.' Length ^ incH. In old trunks 
 
 of willows. 
 
 ... p 
 
 2. Pcrtinax. . 4 . . . . Dark brown, with yel- 
 low ifli fpots ; cylindrical, oblong. An- 
 tenna plain like briftles. Thorax gib- 
 bous. On being touched he rolls himfelf 
 up, and continues motionlefs in fpite of 
 torture. This infect, fays Linnaeus, 
 deftroys my chairs. 
 
 . Mollis Red brown, fhining. Eyes 
 
 ^ inch. 
 
 4. Fur. 
 
 .? 
 
 ii( black. Shells foftilb. Length —o^ inch. 
 
90 INSECT J# COLEOPTERA. 
 
 4, Fur. . . • .?4f ^ Colour brown. Head large. 
 Antcnn«e longer than the body. Eyes 
 prominent. Corfeiet fmall, globous, 
 tubercular, but not dentatcd. Shells 
 with two tranfverfe white belts. Wings 
 minute. Very deftruftive in cabinets 
 of animal and vegetable productions. 
 Length y inch. 
 
 rilSTER. Antennse broken In the middfe 
 with a folid bulb at the end. Head 
 retradile. 
 
 I. Unicolor Square, black, poliflied. 
 
 Shells abbreviated, truncated, and faint- 
 ly ftriated. Head minute. Tail rounded. 
 Length from 1 to 4 tenths of an inch. 
 
 t. Bimaculatus * Black, poHihed. 
 
 Shells abbreviated, with i red fpoi on 
 each. Size of a grain of rice. Geof. 
 95. 2. Raj. 108. 14. 
 
 . GYRINUS. Antennje clavated, ftlfF, 
 (horter than the Head. Eyes 4. 
 
 I. Natator. IFater Flea. Bright black. Feet 
 yellow, flat, and large. Length 4 inch. 
 Runs with great celerity, in circles, on 
 on the furface of the water. Raj. 87. 
 10. 
 
 BYRRHUS. Antennse clavated, folid, 
 comprefled. 
 
 I. Scro- 
 
INSECTS*. CQLEOPTURA. 91 
 
 ^. Scrophularia. *.,.,« Body ova]> black. 
 Belly covered with white fcales. Head 
 fmall, retractile. Corfelet broad and 
 covered with red and white fcales. 
 Shells black, fcaly, with a white belt 
 and white fpot on each ; future red. 
 Length Ji^^ inch. Raj, 85. 37. On 
 flowers. 
 
 5. Verbafci Much like the laft, ex- 
 cept that it is lefs, and has 3 pale un- 
 dulated belts athwart the fliells. 
 
 SILPHA. Antennie clavated, foliated. 
 Head prominent. Thorax margined. 
 
 1. Vefpillio Margin of the thorax 
 
 broad. Shells abbreviated, black, with 
 2 yellow belts. Thighs of the hind 
 legs large with a fpine near their origin. 
 Length near i inch. On dead bodies, 
 Liji. tab. mul. 17. 15. loq. p. 381. 
 
 2. Biphuftulata Antennas long and 
 
 fmall. Black, with 2 red fpots on the 
 middle of each Shell. Length i. inch. 
 
 3. Puftulata Black, oblong. On 
 
 the Shells 4 brown fpots. Length ^ 
 inch. On trees. 
 
 4. Quadripunfiata Head, Antennae 
 
 and Legs black. Margin of the Thorax 
 and Shells pale yellow, with 4 black 
 fpots. Length ~ inch. In Cain-wood, 
 near Hamilead. 
 
 5. Sabulofa. 
 
^i 1 N S E CT si, C O L E P T E R A^ 
 
 5. Sabuloftl 'ib^H • .' ' ■ Black. • Antennae {horfg 
 
 gIbbuiaW' ' Five -ftriae on each fliell. 
 
 Shells and Wings fhort. Five joints 
 
 -on the 2 firft feeti 4 on the reft. In 
 
 'fand, 
 
 '6. A(^uatica. . •• . y. Brown, with a green 
 bronze tinged Four ribs on the thorax. 
 On each Shell 10 ftriae. LengtJi 4 
 
 -X3 ,. .-Jlhdfe.' ' ..... ..... .-. 
 
 y.Tulickia. ...... Black, oblong. Shells 
 
 ^ '"'abbreviated. Abdomen rounded at the 
 extremity. Thorax and. Shells fcarce 
 ' margined. Length 1 line. Found fre- 
 quently running on flowers. 
 
 CASSID A.; Antennas knotted,' enlarging 
 towards the ends. Shells and Thorax 
 biordpfed. Head concealed under the 
 cbrfelet. ,'<=:. 
 
 ' ' '■' ■>>*■ ■? ' V ■ ''"^^ ' "" '^'^^^ 
 
 1. Viric|is. ' Green Tortoife Beetle. Shells, dotted 
 
 ^'1' r' and ftrisa^ed, o/efhanglihebocty.- Be'- 
 
 ^•'^. '"* ^^°%i'eath black. Above 'green. Length 
 
 • '^' i line. On verficillated' plants, and 
 
 thifileS. C2«.ujiij'i .£ 
 
 • • ") ' . 
 
 2. Nebulofa. , . V . . . t-iglit trown, clouded, 
 
 with black fpots.' Shells larger than 
 the body. Length I, 2, 3 lines. 'O^ 
 thif^les. 
 
 3. NobillsL'* .'..... Yellowifh. grey, with a 
 
 green-gold line on each fhell, which, 
 dies with the infe£l. Length i ± line. 
 
 4. Maculata. 
 
INSECfS. COLEOPTERA^ 93 
 
 4.' Maculata Green, or red. Shells 
 
 with longitudinal ftrlae, and 5 or 6 
 black fpots on each fide the future; 
 alfo 2 large black fpots near the upper 
 external angle of the Shells. Length 
 3 1. lines. 
 
 COCCINELLA. Antennse knotted, trun- 
 cated. Palpi longer than the antennae. 
 Body hemifpheric. Shells and Thorax 
 bordered. In each foot 3 joints. 
 
 J. 2-pun£lata Head, Thorax, and 
 
 Belly black. A large white fpot on 
 each fide of the Corfelef. Shells red, 
 with 2 black fpots. Length 2 i^ lines. 
 On the alder and fome other trees. 
 
 2. 5-pun<3:ata. .',?,>•'.. Differs from the 1 aft 
 
 in having 5 black fpots on the Shells. 
 In gardens. 
 
 3. 7-pun£i:3ta. Lady Cow, or Lady Bird. Kead 
 
 and Thorax black. Shells red, with 
 7 bUck fpots. Length 3 or 4 lines. 
 Geof. 321. 3. 
 
 4. 9-pun(?iata Black. Shells red, 
 
 with 9 black fpots. Length 24 lines. 
 On trees, Geof. 323. 4. 
 
 5. 14-punftata Above yellow. Po- 
 
 (lerior part of the Corfelet black. On 
 the Shells 14 fquare fpots. Length 2^ 
 lines. Geo^. 328. 
 
 6. i6-pun»S^a':a Head, Corfelet, and 
 
 Siielis yellow, with 16 biack fpots. 
 
 Suture 
 
^4 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA; 
 
 Suture black. Length i line. Geoff* 
 339- 16. 
 
 7. 22- punctata Head black. Cor- 
 
 felet and Shells yellow ; the firft with 7 
 black fpots, the latter with 20 only. 
 Length 1 4 line. 
 
 8. Conglobata Head, Corfelet, and 
 
 Legs yellow. On the Corfelet 7 black 
 fpots. Shells red with 8 black fpots on 
 each. Length 2 lines. 
 
 9. 14-guttata Head white. Eyes 
 
 black. Corfelet red, with white edges. 
 Shells red, with 14 white fpots. Length 
 2 lines. In woods. 
 
 10. 2-puftulata. ...... Head, Corfelet, and 
 
 Shells black, with a red tranfverfe 
 line, compofed of 3 fmall dots, on each 
 fhell. Abdomen red. Length i line. 
 On trees and flowers. 
 
 11. 6-puftulata Head black, with 2 
 
 yellow fpots. Corfelet black, with yel- 
 low edges. Shells black, with 6 red 
 fpots. Length 1 1. line. 
 
 CRYSOMELA. Antennae knotted, en- 
 larging towards the ends. Corfelet 
 margined. 
 
 Body oval. 
 
 I. Tanaceti. .:.,.. Black-brown, An- 
 tennae of II globules, black. Head 
 and Corfelet fquare. Corfelet and 
 Shells pufidured j 8 longitudinal lines 
 
 on 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTBR.A. 95 
 
 on the latter. Length 4 lines. On 
 common Tanfy. 
 
 Z. Graminis Convex, green-blue, 
 
 bright, pundlured. Eyes yellowifti. 
 
 3. Alni. Oval, dark blue. Shells 
 
 punctured. Antennae and Legs black. 
 On the common Alder. 
 
 4. Betulae. ...... Dark blue. Shells punc- 
 
 tured in ftriie. Length i i line. On 
 Birch trees. 
 
 5. Haemoptera Round, fmooth. 
 
 Wings red. Length 31. lines. 
 
 6. Cerealls Streaked longitudinally 
 
 with alternate blue and bronze lines, 
 and bordered vi^ith green-yellow. Wings 
 red. Length 3 lines. 
 
 7^ Polygoni Thorax cyllndricaL 
 
 Globules of the antennae of equal fize. 
 Head, Shells, and underfide of the Body 
 blue. Corfelet, Thighs, and Anus red'. 
 Legs and Antennas black. Shells ftri- 
 ated. On gral's. 
 
 8. Poljta. ....... Beneath green-bronze. 
 
 Head and Thorax gilt. Shells red, 
 pundured. Wings red. Antennoe 
 ' black. Length 2i ^^nes. On Wil- 
 
 lows. 
 
 9. Populi '. Head, Thorax, and be- 
 
 Xieath green-blue. Shells red, tiptwith 
 black. Antennas black. Length ~ inch. 
 On poplar trees. 
 
 10. San- 
 
g6 INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi 
 
 lo. Sanguinolenta Head, Corfelet, 
 
 and under fide blue. Shells pun£lured, 
 
 t black, with a red border. • Wings red. 
 
 Length 5 lines. In .Woods. 
 
 ** sappers. Pojieriorihighs -thick i -E 
 
 ii. Oleracea Green-blue. Corfe- 
 let large and fquafe. Antennae half 
 the length of the- body* Length 2 
 
 '■■ lines. 
 
 12. Hyofcyami ' Above fine blue. 
 
 •In Shells ftriated. Legs brown. Length 
 
 . I line. On common Henbane. 
 
 13. Exfoleta Yellow. Eyes brown. 
 
 Length I -|. line. In gardens. 
 
 14. Nitldula Corfelet ruby-colour. 
 
 Shells blue, ftriated. Legs yellow- 
 brown. Leng<:h iline. 
 
 \^. Nemorum Black, with a yellow 
 
 longitudinal line on each Shell. Length 
 4, I line. On aromatic plants. Liji. 
 tabi mut. 1. 2. f. 29. 
 
 *** Body cylindrical. 
 
 J 6. 4-pun(5^ata Black, except the 
 
 Shells, which are red with 2 black 
 fpots on each. Antennae ferrared, and 
 placed before the eyes. Length 2 
 lines. 
 
 17. 2-pun6lata Antennas filiform, 
 
 as long as the body, long-jointed. 
 Corfelet gibbous, hemifpheric. Colour 
 black, except the Shells, which are 
 
 red 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA C)'J 
 
 ■ ■- red, with 4 black fpots. Head partly 
 
 concealed. Length 2- lines. 
 
 18. Sericea Rich glofiy fjreen. 
 
 Shells puniflured. Antennje and Legs 
 blackifh. Corfelet gibbous. Antennas 
 long-jointed. Head priiy concealed. 
 Length 3 or 4 lines. Geo^. 233. 3. 
 
 **■** Body oblong. Thorax narrow. 
 
 19. Cyanella Blue-green. An- 
 
 tennas filiform. Thorax long. Shells 
 filiated. Length 2 lines. GcoJ/. i±t^. ^. 
 
 20. i2-pimaita Red. Shells with 
 
 6 black fpots on each. Antennas black. 
 Length 2 i. lines. On Sparagus. 
 
 21. Phellandrii Black. Corfelet 
 
 bordered with yellow. On each Shell 
 2 yellow firipes. ' Length 2 '- lines. 
 Gco-f. 266. 20. On the roots of Water 
 Hemlock. 
 
 22. Afparagi Head, Antenn.-r, and 
 
 under fide of the Body, black. Thorax 
 red, with 2 black fpots. Shells yellow, 
 with a black-blue crofs, and 4 fpots. 
 Length inline. On Sparagus. 
 
 CURCULiO. Antennae clavated, elbow- 
 ed in the middle, and fixed in the fnout, 
 which is prominent and horny. Joints 
 in each foot 4, 
 
 * Long-jnouted, 
 
 I. AHivUi-ie Black- blue. Shells 
 
 darker than the reft, and ftriated with 
 H minute 
 
^8 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 
 
 minute pun£lures. Size of a Flea. On 
 Eryfimum alliaria, &c. 
 
 2. Cyaneus Black. Shells bluifh, 
 
 and ftriated with minute pun^luies. 
 Feet brown. Target white. Size of 
 a flea. On Willows. 
 
 3. Cerafi Black. Shells oblong, 
 
 ftriated. Double the fize of a Flea. 
 On Black Cherry-trees. 
 
 4. Pruni Black. Antennae brown. 
 
 Two Tubercles on the pofterior part 
 of the Thorax. On Cherry-trees. 
 
 5. Acridulus Bluifli black, Pyri- 
 
 form. Shells ftriated. Length li- line. 
 Geoff. 291. 32. On plants of the clals 
 Tetradynama. 
 
 6. Purpureus GlolTy purple. Snout 
 
 very long. Petiver found this atEpfom. 
 
 7. Granarius. Weevil^ or Bond. Black- brown. 
 
 Snout long and fmall. Thorax punc- 
 tured, and nearly as long as the abdo- 
 men. Length 1 4- line. 
 
 8. Dorfalis Antennae black-brown. 
 
 Shells red, ftriated ; future black. 
 Thighs black ; Legs yellow. Size of 
 a Flea. On the lefler Celendine. 
 
 9. Pini Dark grey. Extremities of 
 
 the Antennae yellowifh. Entirely co- 
 vered with minute pundlures. Two 
 obfcure brownifh broad lines on the 
 Thorax. Abdomen remarkably gibboug 
 towards the anus. On the Scotch Fir. 
 
 10. Lapathi, 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 99 
 
 10. Lapathi Black and white, be- 
 
 fet with prickles. Shells narrow be- 
 hind. Abdomen blackifh. Legs partly 
 reddifli. On Docks, particularly the 
 Water Dock. 
 
 11. Scaber Afh-coloured. Shells 
 
 brown, obfcurely mottled with white, 
 and covered with fnort brifiles. Legs 
 red. Double the fize of a Loufe. On 
 Nettles. 
 
 12. Qucrcus Pale yellow. Eyes 
 
 black. Shells with a whitilli line near 
 the future, and another at the bafe, 
 forming a right angle* Somewhat 
 larger than a flea. On the leaves of 
 Oak-trees. 
 
 13. Vifcarise Head and Legs black. 
 
 Thorax and Shells greenifli afh-colour. 
 Oval. Villous. Size of a Loufe. On 
 the Lythnis vifcaria. 
 
 14. 5-maculatus Grey. Snout very 
 
 long. On each Shell 2 white fpots, 
 and a black one between each. Length 
 1 lines. 
 
 15. Pcricarpius Black-brown, fome- 
 
 what globous, and clouded. Shells 
 ftriated, with a heart-fhaped white fpoc 
 on the anterior part. Length i line. 
 On Fig-wort. 
 
 16. Betulae Green-gold. Antennae 
 
 and Eyes black. The anterior verge 
 of the Thorax is fpinous in one fex. 
 
 H 2 
 
 in 
 
lOO INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 
 
 in the other not. On Birch and Alder 
 trees. Length 2 lines. 
 
 ** Skippers J pojlerior thighs thick. 
 
 17. Beccabungoe Black. Corfelet 
 
 greyifh brown. Shells reddifti, with a 
 brown margin. Size of a Loufe. On 
 Vernonica heccabunga, 
 
 18. Alni Pale brown. Head and 
 
 Belly black. Shells ftriated ; 2 black 
 fpots on each. Length 14 line. On 
 the leaves of the Alder. 
 
 19. 
 
 & 
 
 Fagi Black. Head and Thorax 
 
 pun£lured. Shells flriated. Thighs 
 pale. On Beech-trees. 
 
 *** Long Snouts. Hiighs dentated. 
 
 20. Pomorum Clouded afti-colour. 
 
 On the Shells two tranfverfe brown 
 belts. A white fpot on the pofterior 
 part of the Thorax. Antennae and 
 Feet brown. A ftrong fpine on each 
 of the fore thighs. Bigger than a 
 Loufe. 
 
 21. Nucum Dark brov/n. Snout 
 
 as long as the body. Abdomen ends 
 in a point. Shells marbled ; Scutellum 
 white. Length 2 or 3 lines. In hazel 
 nuts. 
 
 22. Scrophularias Somewhat fpheri- 
 
 cal. Thorax narrow, befet with yel- 
 low-white hairs. Shells black-brown, 
 ftriatcd ; a large black fpot on the fu- 
 ture, on each fide of which are two 
 I fmall 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. lOI 
 
 fmall white fpots. Length 3 lines. 
 On Fig-wort. 
 
 1^3. Tortiix Body oblong, yellowifli. 
 
 Breaft brown. Shells faintly ftriated. 
 Thisihs dentated. Twifted in the 
 leaves of thci Poplar. 
 
 **** Short Snouts. Thighs dentated. 
 
 24. Pyri Black. Snout deprefled. 
 
 Head and Thorax minutely pun£lured. 
 Shells oblong, with 7 excavated ftrias. 
 Antennae and Legs reddifh. On Pear- 
 trees. 
 
 25. Argentatus Covered with green- 
 
 bronze fcales. Antennas and Legs 
 brown. On each Shell 10 ftriae. 
 Length 4 lines. In gardens. 
 
 * *** Short Snouts. TJjighs not dentated. 
 
 26. Incanus Black, befet with 
 
 whitifh hair. Shells oblong, flriated, 
 rounded. Antenna red towards the 
 bafe ; firft joint very long. No wings. 
 Length 2 — 4 lines. 
 
 27. Nebulofus Snout thick, carinated, 
 
 black, with grey longitudinal ftripcs. 
 Thorax chagrined, and covered with 
 white hair. Shells black, with white 
 hair, obliquely ftriated. Length 6 lines. 
 On trees. 
 
 ATTELABUS. Antennas thicker towards 
 the apex. Head narrow behind. Four 
 joints in each foot. 
 
 H 3 I. Coryli. 
 
102 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 
 
 1. Coryli Beneath, Antennae, Head, 
 
 Less black. Thorax and Shells red ; 
 the latter ftriated. Length 3 lines. 
 
 2. Formicarius Somewhat like an 
 
 Ant. Head concealed. Antennas black, 
 clavated. Thorax red, rough; ante- 
 rior margin black. Shells with a double 
 white belt, and red bafe. Length near 
 half an inch, Runs quick. 
 
 3. Aplarius Black-blue. Antennae 
 
 black, clavated. Corfelet hairy. Shells 
 •with 3 pale-red belts. Length 6 
 lines. 
 
 CERAMBIX. Antennae articulated, and 
 tapering to the end. Shells long and 
 narrow. Four joints in each foot. 
 Thorax with lateral fpines or tu,» 
 bcrcles. 
 
 1. Corlarius Black-brown, fiiining. 
 
 Antennae of 1 1 triangular joints, and 
 proceeding from the center of the eye. 
 Jaws flrong. Palpi 4. Thorax mar- 
 gined, tridentate. Shells margined. 
 Length In rotten wood. Raj. 95. 
 
 2. Mofchatus. Goat-chafer. Blue-green. An- 
 
 tennas length of the body. Shells with 
 2 longitudinal rugae. Wings black. 
 Length I inch. Smells like mufk. 
 
 3. Rufticus Yellow-brown. Long, 
 
 flender. Antennae fomewhat fhorter 
 
 than 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA TO3 
 
 < than the body. On each Shell two 
 
 narrow ridges. Belly brown. Lift, 
 loqu. 383. 10. 
 
 4. Sanguineus Black. Corfelet and 
 
 ShelljS red, hairy. Length half an inch. 
 
 LEPTURA. Antennae tapering to the 
 end. Shells narrower at the apex. 
 Thorax fomewhat cylindrical. 
 
 1. Aquatica Gilt. Antennae black. 
 
 A tubercle on each fide of the Corfelet. 
 Shells ftriated and truncated. Pofterior 
 thighs larger, with a fpine on the in- 
 terior fide. On Water-plants. 
 
 2. Melanura Black. Shells brown- 
 
 yellow, tipt with black. Antennae 
 length of the body. Thorax conic. 
 Length 3 — 5 lines. 
 
 3. Virens Black, covered with yel- 
 
 low green hair, except part of the 
 fhells, which is pundured. Antennae 
 above black, beneath yellow. Liji. T. 
 mut. 18. 23. 
 
 4. Arcuata. Great Wafp Beetle. Black- brown. 
 
 Antennse length of the body. Target 
 yellow. Three tranfverfe yellow lines 
 on the Head ; 3 on the Thorax ; and 
 3 yellow arched lines, with as many 
 fpots of the fame colour, on the Shells. 
 Length 5 — 8 lines. In rotten wood. 
 Pet. t. 63. 7, 
 
 H 4 5. Arietis. 
 
104 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 
 
 5. Arietis. Common JVafp Beetle, Dark brown. 
 Anterior and pofterior margin of the 
 Corfelet yellow. Target yellow. Four 
 yellow lines on each Shell. 
 
 6'. Pr^ufta. ...... Black. Shells foftifh, 
 
 pundlured, yellow tipc with black. 
 Fore Legs yellow. Antennae not quite 
 the length of the Body. Length 2 
 lines. 
 
 LAMPYRIS. Antennze filiform. Shells 
 flexile. Thorax plain, fomewhat or- 
 bicular, concealing the Head. Sides 
 of the Abdomen papillous and folded. 
 
 1. No£liluca. Glow-tvorjn. Male : Antennae 
 and Head black. Shells brown, cha- 
 grined, with 2 longitudinal raifed lines. 
 3Slear the extremity of the Abdomen 4 
 luminous fpots. Length 4 lines. Fe- 
 male : No Shells nor Wings. Brown. 
 Abdomen of 10 rings, the 3 laft of 
 which are luminous. Length 6 lines. 
 
 CANTHARTS, Antenns taper. Thorax 
 margined. Shells flexile. Sides of the 
 Abdomen papillous and folded. In 
 each Foot five joints. 
 
 I. Fufca Antennas flat, black, 
 
 yellowifii at their bafe. Head, Shells, 
 Legs, and Belly black-brown. Thighs, 
 Jaws and Sides yellowifh. Length 
 half an inch. On flowers. 
 
 2. Livida. 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. IO5 
 
 2. LiviJa. ....... Head orange. Eyes black. 
 
 Corfelet tawny red. Shells black, or 
 pale yellow. Legs black and yellow. 
 Beneath black. Sides partly yellow. 
 On flowers. 
 
 3. JEnez Green-gold. Shells red 
 
 on the external fides. Jav/s and 3 or 
 4 firft beads of the Antennas yellow : 
 the 2d and 3d of thefe globules have 
 each a fharp appendix. Length 3 lines. 
 On flowers. 
 
 4. Fafciata Antennae and Legs black. 
 
 Thorax greenifh. Shells black, with 2 
 red belts. Length li. lines, 
 
 5. Biguttata Greenifh-brown. Legs 
 
 yellow. Shells black-brown, abbre- 
 viated, and tipt with orange. Length 
 14- line. 
 
 6. Minhna Head and Antennas black. 
 
 Corfelet red, with a black fpot on the 
 center. Shells deep brown, tipt with 
 yellow. Length i line. 
 
 ELATER. Antennae taper, lodged in a 
 groove under the Head and Thorax 
 Under fide of the Thorax terminates in 
 a point lodged in a cavity of the Ab- 
 domen. Laid on the back, they fpring 
 a confiderable height. 
 
 I, Bipuilulatus Black, glofly. A 
 
 red fpot near the bafe of each ShtW. 
 Length 3 lines. 
 
 2. Ruficollis. 
 
106 INSECTS. COLEOPTERAr 
 
 2. Ruficollis. ...... Black. Thorax red. 
 
 On each Shell 8 ftrix. Shells blui(h. 
 Length 3 lines. 
 
 3. Caftaneus., Thorax brown, fome- 
 
 what hairy. Shells ftriated, yellow- 
 brown, tipt with black. Length 5 lines. 
 In woods, on the bark of trees. 
 
 4. Sanguineus Black. Shells red, 
 
 with 10 longitudinal ftriae on each. 
 Antennse ferrated, efpecially in the 
 male. Length 5 lines. On the bark 
 of trees. 
 
 5. Balteatus , Black. Shells ftriated, 
 
 with the anterior part yellow-red. 
 Length 4 lines. 
 
 6. Peflinicornis Brownifh green, 
 
 with a copper tinge. Antennae ferrated, 
 particularly in the male, which is alfo 
 greener than the female. On each 
 Shell 9 ftriae. Length 6 lines. 
 
 7. Niger Black-brown, clouded, 
 
 and covered with fhort grey hair. An- 
 tennae fliort, and fomewhat ferrated. 
 On prefling appear 2 veficles near the 
 Anus. Length half an inch. 
 
 CICINDELA. Antennae taper. Jaws 
 prominent, denticulated. Eyes promi- 
 nent. Thorax margined. In each 
 foot 5 joints. 
 
 J. Campeftris Above green-gold. 
 
 Beneath copper-tinged. Eyes large. 
 
 Thorax 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 10/ 
 
 Thorax angular and narrower than the 
 head. Six white fpots on each Shell. 
 An oval fubftance at the bafe of each 
 thigh. Legs long and flender. Length 
 6 lines. Runs quick. In paftures. 
 
 2. Riparia Green-gold. Eyes black. 
 
 Thorax narrow. Shells covered with 
 broad excavated fpots with a reddifti 
 ftud in the center of each. Length 2 
 or 3 lines. On wet fandy ground. 
 
 3. Aquatica Black-bronze. An- 
 
 tennae flender. Head deeply furrowed, 
 Corfelet pun£lured. Shells ftriated. 
 Length 3 lines. In wet fandy ground. 
 
 BUPRESTIS. Antennae taper, the length 
 of the thorax. Head half concealed. 
 
 1. Chryfoftigma Brown-gold. Eyes 
 
 large. Thorax broad and fhort. Shells 
 long, narrow, ending iji a point, with 
 3 ftriae and 2 gold fpots on each. 
 Length half an inch. 
 
 2. Ruftica Bright green-gold. Eyes 
 
 red. A round hollow fpot on the po- 
 fterior part of the Corfelet. Shells long 
 and narrow, with 10 ftrize on each. 
 Length 7 lines. 
 
 3. Granularis Antennas clavated. 
 
 Above brown-brafs. Beneath black. 
 Shells ftriated. Thorax with 5 furrows. 
 Size of a Flea, 
 
 DYTISCUS. 
 
loS INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi 
 
 DYTISCUS. Antennas ra per, or clavato- 
 perfoliated. Feet villous and broad. 
 
 * Antenncs ■perfoliated. 
 
 1. Piceus Black. Antennas of 9 
 
 joints, brown, except the }aft which is 
 black, fmooch, and larger. Falpi 4, 2 of 
 which are lon.^er than the Antennae. 
 Thorax and Shells plain and glofly. Ex- 
 tremity of the Abdomen fomev/hat 
 pointed. Length an inch and a half. 
 A fpine at the pofterior part of the 
 Sternum. 
 
 2. Caraboides Black, glofly. Shells 
 
 punctured in ftriae. Abdomen rounded. 
 Antennas and Palpi black. Spine of 
 the SterMum fhorter than in the laft. 
 Length 7 lines. 
 
 3. Fufcipes Black. Palpi and Feet 
 
 brown. Thorax punflured. Shells 
 ftriated. Length 3 lines. 
 
 ** Jntenna taper. 
 
 4. Latiffimus Black. Exterior mar- 
 
 gin of the Shells broad, yellov/. Length 
 1 ^ inch. On water. 
 
 5. Marginalis Black. Exterior mar- 
 
 gin of the Thorax and Shells yellow. 
 £ycs large, " found,' black. A tranf- 
 verfe tawny line on the upper lip. 
 -Palpi 4. Antcnn.-E and Palpi tawny. 
 Length I inch. On water. 
 
 6. Semi- 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. IO9 
 
 6. Semiftriatus Elack-brown. Head, 
 
 Antennae, margin of the Thorax, ex- 
 terior edges of the Shells, and beneath, 
 yellow. On each Shell 10 ftrioe, which 
 extend only -l^^-^- of its length. Length 
 near an inch and half. Is not this the 
 female of the laft ? Water. 
 
 y. Cinereus. Small fmooth TV^ater- Beetle. Head 
 black, the anterior part yellow ; alfo 
 5 yellow fpots, ;ind a tranlVerfe yel- 
 low ftripe. Shells afa-cqlour, with 
 yellow margin. Beneath black, with 
 yellow fpots bfi the Sides. Legs black 
 and vellov/. Antennas yellow. Length 
 7 lines. Water. 
 
 S. Sulcatus Shells back, with' four 
 
 ^■^ broad furrows, in which are grey-brown 
 
 hairs. Otherwife like the laft, of which 
 it is probably the female. Length 6 
 lines. Water. 
 
 CARABUS. Antennse taper. Thorax and 
 Shells margined. A large appendix at 
 the bafe of the pofterior thighs. Five 
 joints in eaqh. foot. 
 
 I. Granulatus Thorax deep purple 
 
 fprinkled with copper. Shells dark 
 green, ftriated v/ith gold ; three rows 
 of oblong beads, with intermediate flrait 
 convex lines, on each Shell. No 
 
 W; Wings. Length 8 lines. In the fields 
 
 near London, 
 
 2. Leu- 
 
no INSECTS. COLEOPTERAi 
 
 2. Leucophthalmus. ....... Black. On 
 
 each Shell 8 ftriae. Thorax fmall. 
 Liji. loqu. 390. 
 
 3. Violaceus Black. Margin of 
 
 the Thorax and Shells gloffy violet. 
 Length |. of an inch. Runs very 
 quick. In fields. 
 
 4. Crepitans Head, Antennze, Tho- 
 
 rax, Legs, red-brown. Eyes black. 
 Shells and Belly black-blue. Shells 
 ftriated. Length 3 lines. Under ftones. 
 
 5. Cyanocephalus Head and Shells 
 
 blue. Thorax and bafe of the An- 
 tennas red-brown. Legs black and 
 red. Length 3 lines. 
 
 6. Melanocephalus Head, Shells, and 
 
 beneath, black. Antennae, Corfelet, 
 Legs red-brown. On each Shell 8 
 ftriae. Length 3 lines. 
 
 7. Vulgaris Antennae and Legs 
 
 black. Thorax as broad as long. Above 
 black-bronze. Beneath black. Length 
 3 lines. 
 
 8. 6-pun(5tatus. ...:.. Head and Thorax 
 
 glofly-green. Shells bright copper, 
 faintly ftriated, and with 6 pundtures 
 on each, ranged longitudinally ; ex- 
 terior margin green. Length 4 lines. 
 On the fand near brooks. 
 
 9. Uftulatus Head and Thorax 
 
 black; the latter rounded. Shells black- 
 brown, with 2 yellow fpots on each. 
 
 Bafe 
 
INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. lit 
 
 Bafe of the Antennae and Legs brown. 
 Length I, 2, or 3 lines. 
 
 10. 4-maculatus Head black. Cor- 
 
 felet yellow, with a confpicuous mar- 
 gin. Shells obtufe, fmooth, brown, 
 with 2 pale yellow fpots on each. An- 
 tennae and Legs pale yellow. On the 
 the fandy banks of rivers. 
 
 TENEBRIO. Antennae globular, and 
 larger at the end. Thorax margined. 
 In the 2 hind feet 4 joints, in the 
 other 5. 
 
 1. Molitor Winged. Above black. 
 
 Beneath black-brown. Antennae length 
 of the Thorax. Head and Corfelet 
 fmooth. Shells long and ftrait, with 9 
 ftriae on each. Upper part of the 
 thighs large and round. Length ylines. 
 
 2. Mortifagus. Slow-legged Beetle. No Wings. 
 
 Black, not gloHy. Antennae of 1 1 glo- 
 bules, and placed before the Eyes, 
 which are fmall. Shells fmooth, united, 
 ending in a point. Articulation of the 
 thighs with the body, a ball and focket. 
 Fcctid. Length I inch. Z,//?. /c^. 388. 21. 
 Charlt. Ex. 48. Geof. 346. i. 
 
 3. Coeruleus. Bloody-egg Beetle. No Wings. 
 
 Antennas blue tipt with black. Black- 
 blue. Shells obtufe. Thorax orbicu- 
 lar. Length i inch. On being hurt, 
 difcharges a red liquor from the mouth. 
 Raj. 388. 
 
 X MELOE. 
 
112 INSECTS. COLEOPTERA. 
 
 MELOE. Antennae globular, the laft glo- 
 bule oval. Thorax roundifli. Shells 
 foft. Head gibbous, and bent down- 
 wards. 
 
 I. Profcarabeus No Wings. An- 
 tennae thickeft in the middle. Black- 
 blue. Head broad. Thorax narrower 
 than the head, and without margin. 
 Shells pointed and fhort. On being 
 touched, a brown liquor ilRies from the 
 joints. Length i inch. Geof, 377. i. 
 
 MORDELLA. Antennae filiform, ferrated, 
 joints triangular. Head bent down- 
 wards. Palpi comprefled, clavated,,and 
 obliquely truncated." Shells curved to- 
 wards the apex. 
 
 I. Aculcata Black. Antennae of ir 
 
 joints, firft 4 globular, the reft trian:- 
 gulaj-. Shells fmooth, fnbrt. Abdomen 
 ends in a foft point. Four joints in the 
 2 hind feet, 5 in the reft. Length 3 
 lines. On flowers. 
 
 STAPHYLINUS. Antenna globular. In 
 each foot 5 joints. Shells curtailed. 
 Wings covered. Tail defencelefs, with 
 2 veiicles. 
 
 I. Murinus Antennae of 9 globules. 
 
 Head deprefied. Downy, grey clouded 
 wilh black. Length 6 lines. On 
 horfe-dun^. 
 
 2* Alaxiliofus, 
 
insects; coleoptera. 113 
 
 2. Maxillofus. ...... Black, downy. An- 
 
 tennae of II globules. Jaws as long 
 as the head. Shells gieyifli, cover one 
 third of the Abdomen. Length i inch. 
 In woods. 
 
 3. Rufus Orange colour. Antennas 
 
 fomewhat larger at the ends. Head 
 black with long Jaws. Pofterior part 
 of the Shells, and Anus black. On the 
 middle of the Shells 2 longitudinal 
 punctured lines. Length 3 lines. 
 
 4. Riparius Red-brown. Head, An- 
 
 tennae, and 2 laft rings of-the Abdo- 
 domen black. Shells blue. Length 3 
 lines. On wet fand. 
 
 5. Chryfomelinus Short, oval. Head 
 
 and Abdomen black. Corfelet and 
 Shells ftraw colour. Antennas brown, 
 enlarging towards the end. Abdomen 
 fliort, thick, villous. Length i line. 
 On fand, and near walls. 
 
 FORFICULA. Antennas tapering. Shells 
 curtailed. Wings covered. Tail forked. 
 In each foot 3 joints. 
 
 1. Auricularia. Earwig. Antennae of 14 joints. 
 
 Brown. Shells tipt with white. Length 
 7 lines. 
 
 2. Minor. Lefs Earwia. Pale chefnut. An- 
 
 tennae of II j«pi;its. Length 3 lines. 
 
 II. H E- 
 
114 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 II, HEMIPTERA. 
 
 Shells, pt upper wings, femi-cruftaceous, 
 not divided by a ftraight future, but incumbent on 
 each other. Beak curved downward. 
 
 BLATTA. Antennae taper. Thorax or- 
 bicular, margined. 
 
 I. Grientalis Brown. Head fmall 
 
 and almoft entirely concealed. Corfe- 
 let large and oval. Shells tranfparent, 
 membraneous, and fhort. Three ftria?, 
 the middle one ferpentine, on each 
 Shell. Two veficular points, one on each 
 fide the laft ring of the Abdomen. The 
 Female has neither Shells nor Wings, 
 but the rudiments of each. Length 
 near an inch. In bake-houfes, and near 
 chimnies. 
 
 GRYLLUS. Head maxillous, and with 
 Palpi. Antennae filiform, or taper. 
 Wings folded. Hind legs ftrong for 
 leaping. 
 
 1. Bipunftatus Dark brown. No 
 
 Shells. Corfelet, gradually diminifh- 
 ing, extends to the extremity of the 
 Abdomen. Antennae filiform, ftiort. 
 In each foot 3 joints. Length 4 lines. 
 
 2. Subulatus. Dark brown. An- 
 
 tennae filiform, Ihort, of 13 joints. 
 
 No 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 11^ 
 
 No Shells. Corfciet: longer than the 
 body. Length half an inch. 
 
 3. Gryllotalpa. Aide Cricket. Dark brown. 
 
 Antennae filiform, long, fmall. Head 
 long and fmall. Four fliort thick Palpi. 
 Corielet cylindrical. Shells fhort. 
 Whole Body villous. Two fmall Tails. 
 In each foot 3 joints. Fore feet large, 
 palmated. Length 18 lines. Lives 
 chiefly under ground. 
 
 4. Domefticus. Houfe Cricket. Antennae long, 
 
 filiform. Head large, roanJ. Thorax 
 fhort, broad. Shells, in the Male, 
 longer than the Abdomen ; in the Fe- 
 male much fhorter. In the Female, 
 a long hard point, thick at the end, at 
 the extremity of the Abdomen ; in both 
 2 appendices. Kind feet much larger 
 than the reft. Length i inch. 
 
 3 
 
 5. Campeftris. Field Cricket. Antennae black, 
 
 almofl as long as the body, the* laft 
 joint very large. TJiorax very fliort. 
 Shells oval, alh-colour. Two Tails. 
 Feet black. Jaws firong. Lodges un- 
 der ground. 
 
 6. Verrucivorus. Great green G^'cifshopper. An- 
 
 tennae longer than the body, and taper. 
 Shells clouded, and Wings reticulated j 
 both exceed the length of the abdomen 
 confiderably. Beyond the Abdomen of 
 the female extends a kind of Iword 
 with a double blade. Length i inch. 
 
 I 2 7. GrofTus, 
 
Il6 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 7. Grofl'us. Common Grafshopper. The larger 
 fort greenifli, the leller red. Antennae 
 cylindrical, of 24 joints. A ridge in 
 the form of an X on the Corfelet. 
 Length 5 — 10 lines. 
 
 CICADA. Antennae taper. Shells mem- 
 braneous. In each foot 3 joints. Hind 
 legs ftrong for leaping. 
 
 1. Cornuta Black-brown. An- 
 
 tennae fliort. Thorax biccrnuted, the 
 posterior horn extends almoft to the 
 extremity of the Abdomen. Wings 
 diaphanous, crofTed. Brown veins on 
 the Shells. Length 4 lines. On trees, 
 ferns, &c. 
 
 2. Spumaria. Black-headed Froghopper^ or Cuckow- 
 
 fpit Infe^^ or Froth-worm. Brown. Be- 
 neath lighter. Shells with 2 imperfect 
 white belts, or long tranfverfe fpots. 
 In the midft of white froth on diverfe 
 plants. 
 
 3. Leucocephala. ...... Head and forepart 
 
 of the Corfelet yellow white. Shells 
 brown, with a yellow border. Beneath 
 yellowifh. Length 2 {- lines. 
 
 4. Lateralis Black. Shells with a 
 
 white border. Beneath white ; middle 
 of the Belly black. Length 3 lines. 
 
 5. Striata Head pale-green, with 6 
 
 black fpots. On the Target 2 black 
 
 fpots, with a pale circle round each. 
 
 I On 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. II7 
 
 On the Shells black and white oblique 
 ftriae. Beneath brown. Length 1 4- 
 line. 
 
 6. Interrupta. Striped Froghopper. Head black 
 
 with a few yellow fpots. Corfelet black, 
 with a yellow fpot on the pofterior part. 
 Target yellow in the center. Shells 
 yellow with black lines. Beneath 
 yellow. Length 2 lines. ' 
 
 7. Viridis Head yellow, with 2 black 
 
 fpots. On the Target 2 black dots. 
 Wings and upper part of the Abdomen 
 lead colour. Legs yellowifh. Length 
 3 lines. On water plants. 
 
 8. Ulmi Yellow-green. Ends of 
 
 the Shells brown-gold. Length i-i- 
 line. On Elms. 
 
 9. Rofas Green-yellow. Wings 
 
 white. Length i line. On rofe-trees. 
 
 NOTONECTA. Antennae beneath the 
 Eyes. Wings crofTed and complicated. 
 Feet formed for fwimming. Hind feet 
 hairy. 
 
 I. Glauca. Common Boat-fly. Head yellow; 
 Eyes brown, large. Thorax, anterior 
 part yellow, pofterior black. Shells 
 clouded black and brown. Beneath 
 brown. Feet of 2 joints. Length 6 
 lines. Swims on its back. On fmocth 
 water. 
 
 I 3 2. Striata. 
 
Il8 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 2. Striata. Brotvn Boat-fy. Deprefled. Head 
 and Legs yellow. Eyes dark brown. 
 Thorax and Shells brown with many 
 tranfverfe undulated parallel yeilowifh 
 Jines. Feet of i joint. Length half 
 an inch. Fore feet like crab's claws. 
 
 7 Smells difagreeably. On water. 
 
 ■3. Minutillima. Little Boat-Jiy. Grey, with Ion- v 
 gitudinal brown fpots. Length i line. 
 Swims on its back. 
 
 NEP.A. Antennae, or Fore legs cheliform. 
 Wings crwfied and complicated j fore 
 part coriaceous. 
 
 '%, Cinerea. Water Scorpion. Black-brown. Head 
 fmall, Antennae cheliform. Thorax 
 almoft fquare. Target large, brown. 
 Shells large. One joint in each foot. 
 Length near an inch. In the Female 
 the Abdomen terminates in two long 
 appendices. Four legs only. On water. 
 
 2, Cimicoides Olive, Antennae 
 
 very fhort. Head broad, flat. Two 
 fore legs cheliform. Sides of the Ab- 
 domen ferrated. In each foot 2 joints. 
 Length 4 or 5 lines. On water. 
 
 3. Linearis Green-brown. An- 
 
 tenna cheliform. Legs 4. In each 
 foot one joint. Head fmall. Thorax 
 longp cylindrical. Abdomen red be- 
 neadi. Two long Tails. Length, ' 
 exclufive of the Tails, 13 lines. On 
 ftagnant water. 
 
 CIMEX. 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. II9 
 
 CIMEX. Antennae longer than the Tho- 
 rax. Thorax margined. In each foot 
 3 joints. 
 
 1. Lc£lularius. HoufeBug. No Shells or Wings. 
 
 Reddifh brown. Head and Shoulders 
 red. 
 
 2. Scaraboides Antennae fomewhat 
 
 clavated. Target covers the whole 
 Abdomen. Above black-bronze. Wings 
 white. Legs fpinous. Beneath black. 
 Sixe of the Lift. On flowers in mea- 
 dows. 
 
 3. Clavicornis Antennaeof 4 joints, 
 
 clavated. Head and Belly black. Legs 
 brown. Corlelet black, with a white 
 margin. Shells diaphanous, white, WMth 
 black punctures on the edges. Length 
 J ■^- line. 
 
 4. Corticalis Blackifh. Extremely- 
 
 flat and thin. Head triangular. An- 
 tennae of 3 joints. Shells and Wings 
 grey. Abdomen long, flender, and 
 imbricated at the fides. SiT^e of the 
 houfe bug. On trees. 
 
 5. Betulac! Brown-grey. Much de- 
 
 prefled. Thorax furrowed, rough, black 
 in the center, fides grey, denticulate. 
 Shells p;rcy, clouded. Wings brown. 
 Legs black s Feet red. On birch-trees. 
 
 6. Filicis Oval, deprefled. Head 
 
 and Legs livid. Eyes, Abdomen, and 
 [ 4 Thorax 
 
120 INSEpTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 Thorax black. Shells brown, with a 
 ycllowifh margin. On Fern. 
 
 7. Marginatus Red-brown. An- 
 
 tennas of 4 joints, red in the middle, 
 with fpines near their bafe. Thorax 
 obtufely angulated. Abdomen broader 
 than the Shells. Length 6 lines. 
 
 8. Baccarum Qval. Olive- brown. 
 
 f Beneath brown-yellow. Antennae and 
 
 {ides of the Abdomen alternate black 
 and yellow. 'Ihorax fhort and very 
 brpad. A large orange fpot at the 
 pofterior angle of the Target. Length 
 half an inch. Extremely fcetid. An- 
 tennae of 5 joints. On Goofeberry 
 - bufhcs. I caught one of thefe on the 
 bag of a gentleman's wig in Fleet- 
 ilreet. 
 
 9. Janiperinus Roundifl). Green, 
 
 with yellow margins. Antennas of 5 
 joints. Snout bends quite under the 
 Belly. Corfelet large, with obtufe 
 angles at the fides. Target laro-e. All 
 the upper part punctured, wiia black 
 dots. Length half an inch. 
 
 10. Caeruleus ' Oval. Blue-green- 
 
 bronze. Antennae of 5 joints, and 
 Legs black. Corfelet and Shells punc- 
 tured. VVingsbrown. Length 3 lines. 
 
 11. Oleraceus ■. Above bh;ck-blue- 
 
 bronze, with red or white lines and 
 fpots : viz. on the Corfelet a longitu- 
 dinal line ; on the point of the Target 
 
 a fpjt J 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 121 
 
 a fpot ; a fpot on the anterior part of 
 each Shell ; and a line on the exterior 
 verge of both Corftlet and Shells. 
 Joints of the Antennae 5. Length 3 
 lines. 
 
 ^2. Bicolor Above black- blue. Be- 
 neath black. Exterior verge of the 
 Corfelet white. Tw^o vi'hite fpots on 
 each Shell. Membraneous part of the 
 Shells brow^n. Joints of the Antennae 
 5. Length 3 lines. 
 
 13. Acuminatus Oval. Yellow- 
 white. Antennseof 5 joints, red-brown. 
 Snout fiiarp. Thorax narrow before j 
 reft of the body oval. Two brown 
 longitudinal lines from the crown to 
 the center of the Target. Length 3 
 lines. 
 
 J4. Perfonatus Black. Head fmall ; 
 
 Snout long, fharp. Eyes very large. 
 Antenna of 4 joints, Iharp pointed. 
 Corfelet triangular, with 2 large tu- 
 bercles on the fore part. Shells en- 
 tirely membraneous. Legs long. Flies 
 well. Length 7 or 8 lines. In houfes. 
 
 ^5. Hyofcyami Scarlet Bug. An- 
 tennae of 4 joints. Head, Corfelet, 
 pofterior point of the Target, Shells, 
 and under fide of the Body red. An- 
 tennas, Eyes, and Legs black. Two 
 black fpots on the Head ; 2 on the 
 Corlelet, and a black crofs on the 
 Shells. Length 4 lines. 
 
 16. Equeftris. 
 
J 22 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 16. Equeftrls Head, Corfelet, Shells, 
 
 and Belly red. Eyes, Antennas, Legs, 
 fore part of the Corfelet, and a tranf- 
 verfe belt on the Shells, black. A 
 white fpot on the membraneous part of 
 the Shells. Antennce of 4 joint?. 
 Length half an inch. 
 
 17. Apteru5. ."".". f, . . Antennae of 4 joints. 
 
 Hea(?i 'Antennae, Legs, and Target 
 black. Corfelet black, with a broad 
 red margrn. Shells red, with a round 
 black fpot in the middle. Beneath 
 black, with a red margin. Length 4 
 lines. 
 
 18. Pratenfis Oblong, Above 
 
 grey- green -yellow. On the Target a 
 yellow heart-fnaped fpot, and three 
 fpots on the Shells. Beneath, An- 
 tenn?e, and Legs yeljowilh. Antennae 
 of 4 joints. Length 3 1. lines. 
 
 •ic). Umbrattlis. Green yellow. A 
 
 grcenifl'i hcart-fhaped fpot on the Tar- 
 get. A brown fpot on the Shells. 
 Antennae brown of 4 joints. Length 
 I l- line. On flowers. 
 
 '20. Striatus. Fire Jlreaked Bugkin. Antennae 
 black, of 4 joints. Eyes and Legs brown. 
 Corfelet black, with 5 longitudinal 
 yellow lines. Target black. Black 
 and yellow longitudinal lines on the 
 Shells, with a vellow trian'2;le at the 
 ends. Beneath black. Length 3 lines. 
 In the woods near Hamftcad. 
 
 21. Populi. 
 
INSECTS, HE MI PT ERA. I23 
 
 21. Populi Brown and white clouded. 
 
 Antennae as long as the body, taper. 
 Shells deprefled. Legs long, black and 
 white. In woods, particularly on the 
 trunk of the Poplar. 
 
 22. Ulmi. ...... Antennae not quite fo long 
 
 as the body, taper. Head and Thorax 
 red-brown. Shells pale, with longitu- 
 dinal crimfon veins. Wings brown, 
 with white fpots. 
 
 23. Abietis Antennae filiform, black, 
 
 of 4 joints. Head (harp, black. Tho- 
 rax black, behind red-brown. Target 
 black. Shells pale, fides yellow, black 
 fpot in the middle. Legs red. Fore 
 thighs very thick and dentated. Ab- 
 domen brown. On the Scotch Fir. 
 
 24. Lacuftris Above black. Beneath 
 
 black and white changeable. Antennae 
 black, of 4 joints, half as long as the 
 body. Eyes large, prominent. Fore 
 legs much fhorter than the reft. Length 
 4 Tines. Runs quick on the furface of 
 ftill water. 
 
 25. Stagnorum Black-brown. Long, 
 
 flender. Head one-third of its whole 
 length. Antennae as long as the head, 
 and very fmall. Eyes minute, promi- 
 nent. Fore legs (hort. Length ~ inch. 
 Breadth ^ line. On ftagnant water. 
 
 26. Vagabundus Brown and white. 
 
 Head large ; Snout curved. Thorax 
 long, cylindrical. Shells very long. 
 
 Fore 
 
124 INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 
 
 Forelegs fliort, thick. Four hind legs 
 very long and flender. Length 2 lines. 
 Breadth ^ line. 
 
 APHIS. Beak inflexed. Antennae longer 
 than the Thorax. . Wings 4, erecSi:, or 
 none. Feet of one joint. Extremity 
 of the Abdomen generally forked, 
 
 1. Ribis. Currant Lovfe. Green- brown. An- 
 
 tennas black, longer than the body. 
 Wings ere6l, with black veins. Podex 
 prominent, with 2 bridles. Size of a 
 common loufe. On red currant bufhes. 
 
 2. Ulmi. Ehn Loufe. Oblong, brown, covered 
 
 with thin white down. Antennae thick. 
 Wings tranfparent, with a brown fpot 
 on the exterior margin. Size of a grain 
 of millet. 
 
 3. Sambuci. Elder Loufe. Bluifh black. Mi- 
 
 nute. 
 
 4. Rumicis. Dock Lcufe. Black- bronze. An- 
 
 tennae white, tipt with black. Legs 
 grey, with bluifh joints. Bafe of the 
 Wings green. On the ftiarp-pointed 
 Dock. 
 
 5. Acetofae. Sorrel Loufe. Black, with a green 
 
 belt. 
 
 6. Lychnidis. Campion Lcufe. Black. An- 
 
 tennas and Legs pale. Abdoinen ob- 
 tufc. 
 
 7. Rofxc. Rofe Loufe. Green or red. Antennae 
 
 blackj the length of the abdomen. 
 
 i. Tilijc. 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA, I25 
 
 8. Tilia?. Lime Lcufe. Oblong. Greenifh. An- 
 
 tennae and Legs black and white. 
 Wings bordered and fpoticd with 
 black. 
 
 9. Brafficas. Callage Loufe. Green, mealy. 
 
 10. Craccae Oval, margined, bluifli- 
 
 black, mealy. 
 
 11. Sonchi Black, or fometimes 
 
 bronze. Between the tails a third ap- 
 pendix, curved upwards. On the Sow- 
 Thiftle. 
 
 12. Cardui Brazen-black, poliflied. 
 
 Legs and Antennae black, with the bafe 
 whitifh. Abdominal appendix black. 
 On Thirties. 
 
 13. Tanaceti Red-brown. Rudi- 
 
 ments of the Wings, AntennDS, and 
 Legs paler. On I'anfy. 
 
 14. Abfinthii Black. Back greyifh, 
 
 with a large brown fpot. Middle ap- 
 pendix erecl. 
 
 15. Jaceae Black. Wings white. 
 
 Extremity of the Abdomen brown. 
 On common Knapweed. 
 
 16. Betulae Greenifh. No Wings. 
 
 Sides fpotted with black. On Birch- 
 trees. 
 
 17. Fagi Green, covered with white 
 
 down. On Beach-trees. 
 
 j8. Quercus. 
 
26 INSECTS. HIMTPTERA. 
 
 i8. Quercus Brown, Trunk three 
 
 times as long as the Body. Under the 
 bark of trees. 
 
 19. Salicis Black, with white fpots. 
 
 Tails brown. On Willows. 
 
 20. Populi Oval, livid. On each 
 
 fide 5 white fpots. No Tails. Rudi- 
 ments of the Wings acute. On Poplars. 
 
 21. Aceris. ...... Green. Middle of the 
 
 Head and of the Corfelet black. A 
 brown fpot near the Tail. On the 
 leaves of the Maple. 
 
 22. Atriplicis Green. Eyes black. 
 
 Rolled up in the leaves of grafs-leaved 
 Orache. 
 
 CHERMES. Trunk or Snout proceeding 
 from the Breaft, between the firft and 
 fecond pair of Legs. Antennae longer 
 than the Thorax. Wings 4, deflexed. 
 Thorax gibbous. Skip. 
 
 1. Graminis Antennae whitlfh, tip- 
 
 ped with black. Legs white. Head 
 and Thorax grey, with white lines. 
 Does not fkip. 
 
 2. Pyri Grey. Abdomen fhort, 
 
 with tranfverfe white lines. On Pear- 
 trees. 
 
 3. Sorbi Above ftreaked with black. 
 
 Beneath greenifli. Corfelet yellowifh, 
 with two dots on the anterior part, and 
 on the pofterior 4 black lines. ■ On the 
 mountain afh. 
 
 4. L'^rticjc. 
 
INSECTS. HEMIPTERA. 127 
 
 4. Urticse Brown. Sides and Legs 
 
 white. Antennae black, bafe white. 
 Eyes yellowifh. On Nettles. 
 
 5. Alni. White. Eyes lateral, pro- 
 
 minent. Tail forked. Antennas va- 
 riegated. Mouth black, between the 
 ift and 2d pair of Legs. On the com- 
 mon alder. 
 
 6. Quercus White- yellow. Shells 
 
 with 4 brown fpots on the exterior, 
 and one on the interior Margin. On 
 the leaves of the Oak. 
 
 7. Abietis. White-yellow. An- 
 
 tenna; taper. Eyes brown, with a black 
 fpeck between them. Wings bluifli. 
 Length 2 lines. In large tubercles on 
 the ends of the branches of the com- 
 mon Fir. 
 
 S. Fraxini Brown. Antenna fmall 
 
 and taper. On the Corfelet a tranf- 
 verfe belt, and a longitudinal yellow 
 line. Wings longer by half than the 
 Abdomen, which is blackifh. Length 
 i~ line. On Afh-trees. 
 
 COCCUS. Trunk proceeding from the 
 breaft. Wings, in the Male, 2, ere£l: ; 
 Female none. Four or 6 v/hite briitles 
 at the extremity of the Abdomen. 
 
 X. Hefperidum. Green-honfe Bug. Oval, brown, 
 
 oblong, covered with a kind of varnifh. 
 
 Legs 6. A notch and 4 brililes at the 
 
 I Tail, 
 
128 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTER A," 
 
 Tail. When young it runs upon thrf 
 trees, but afterwards fixes on feme leaf 
 where it hatches an infinity of eggs, 
 and dies. The male is a very fmall fly. 
 On Orange-trees, &c. 
 
 2. Betulae Green-brown. On Birch- 
 
 trees ; on the divarications of the 
 branches. 
 
 3. Phalaridis Red-white, mealy. On 
 
 Canary-grafs* 
 
 THRIPS. Beak obfcure. Antennae as long 
 as the Thorax. Body narrow. Wings 
 4, ftraight, narrow. 
 
 1. Phyfapus Black. Shells blulfh. 
 
 Antennae of 6 joints. Wings very 
 narrow. Runs quick, and fkips. Lefs 
 than a Flea. Frequent on Dandelion. 
 
 2. Juneperina Antennae of 7 joints, 
 
 yellowifti. Corfelet and Abdomen 
 black. Shells and Wings grey. Legs 
 black. Feet, of two joints, yellowilh. 
 Runs fwift. On the bark of old trees* 
 Length I line. 
 
 3. Fafciata Black. Shells with 3 
 
 white belts. Lefs than a Flea. On 
 flowers. 
 
 " in. LEPIDOPTER A. 
 
 Wings 4, imbricated with very minute 
 fcales. Tongue, or Trunk, fpiral. Body hairy. 
 
 PAPILEO. 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 12^ 
 
 PAPILEO. Antennne clavateil. Wings, 
 when at reft, erecb. Diurnal. 
 
 X. Machaon. Royal ff^t/Iiam, or Sivallow-iail 
 Butterjiy. Black and yellow. Biidy 
 black above, yellow on the Sides and 
 Belly. Eyes, Antennas, and Trunk 
 black. Firft Wings rounded, irt the 
 middle yellow, with black lines ; near 
 the pofterior verge 8 yellow femilunar 
 fpots. Second Wings black and yel- 
 Jow, with 2 long Tails, and 2 orange 
 fpots, furrounded with blue, at tne po- 
 fterior angle. Caterpillar large, fmooth 
 pale-green, with black tranfverfe ftripes 
 fpotted with orange. On umbelliferous 
 plants. Breeds in May and July. 
 
 2. Podaliripus. ...... In fliape and colour 
 
 much like the laft, but the yellow is 
 paler, and the Tails longer and nar- 
 rower. On the I ft Wing, 6 black 
 ribs, and a black margin. On the 2d, 
 an oblique black rib, and a black bor- 
 der with 4 or 5 blue femilunn.r fpots, 
 and near it 6 yellow fpots. Rare, in 
 woods. 
 
 3. Cratcegi. IFl/ite Bntterjiy. zvhh bhck veins. 
 
 Wings rounded. Bieadth near i-\. 
 inches. In meadows in June. Cater- 
 pillar black, covered with white and 
 yellow hair : feeds on the white 
 thorn. 
 
 4. Brafljcae. Great JVhite Cahbage-Butterf.y. Firfl: 
 
 Wings white, with 2 black fpots in 
 K the 
 
130 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 the middle, and black at the extremi- 
 ties. Second Wings white, with a 
 black fpot on the fuperior margin. 
 The female has no black fpots on the 
 upper furface. Caterpillaryellow, black, 
 and blue. Breeds in May and July. 
 
 5. Rapae. Small White Cabbage-Butter jiy. Like 
 
 the laft, but lefs. Caterpillar green, 
 with a pale yellow line on each fide. 
 
 6. Napi. JVhite Butterfly^ with green veins. White 
 
 above. Firil Wings tipt {lightly with 
 i black, and the under furface of the 2d 
 Wings fpread with broad green veins. 
 Female has 2 or 3 black fpots on the 
 upper furface of the Wings. Cater- 
 pillar, feeds on cabbage, &c. 
 
 7. Cardamines. Orange Tip. Wings rounded, 
 
 a little fcallopped. Firft Wings, the 
 fuperior part, orange, tipt with brown ; 
 a femilunar black fpot near the cen- 
 ter, the reft white. Second Wings, 
 beneath, marbled with green. Middle 
 fizc. Female wants the orange-colour. 
 Caterpillar green, feeds on grafs. 
 
 8. Hyale. Saffron Buttcrjiy. Wings entire, rounded, 
 
 yellow. On the ift Wings a black, 
 and on the feccnd an orange fpot, bor- 
 dered with black. Antennae and Less 
 yellow. Breadth 2 inches. In autumn, 
 but rare. 
 
 9. Rhamni. Brim/lone Butterfly. Wings angu- 
 
 lated, entire, pale greenifh yellov/, with 
 
 a fmall brown fpot near the center of 
 
 I each. 
 
INSECTS. LEPJDOPTERA. I^I 
 
 each. Antennae brown. Caterpillar 
 green, feeds on the Buckthorn. Breeds 
 in July or Auguli. 
 
 10. Hyperantus. Brotvn-EyedBiitierf.y. Wings 
 
 entire, brown. Eeneath, on the ill 
 Wings 3 eyes, on the 2d 5, Common 
 near woods. July and Augufl:. 
 
 11. Jo. Peacock Butterfly. Wings angulated* 
 
 indented, yellowiih red, with a large 
 blue eye on each. Caterpillar black, 
 dotted with white ; on nettles. Com- 
 mon all fummer. 
 
 12. Maera. Great Ar?in. Brown and ornno;e 
 
 variegated. Second Wings flighcly 
 fcallopped* Above, ift Wings, a blade 
 Eye, white in the center ; 2d wings 3 
 eyes. Beneath, 2d Wings, 7 eyes on 
 each. Reds frequently on v/olls and 
 flones. Caterpillar fmooth, feeds on 
 grafs. 
 
 13. iEgeria. TVood Argus -Butter fly. Wings 
 
 rounded, and a little indented. Above 
 brown, with orange irregular fpots. 
 On the I ft Wings, near the upper an- 
 gle, a black eye wi;h a white pupil, 
 and 3 on the 2d. Caterpillar fmooth, 
 green. July and Auguft. On grafs. 
 
 14. Gahthea. MarhJe Butter fly . Wings rounded, 
 
 indented. White, with black lines and 
 irregular fpots. Beneath, on the ift 
 Wi/igs, one fmall Eye, on the 2d 5, 
 Caterpillar fmooth, yellow. 
 
 K 2 15. Semele. 
 
132 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 15. Semele. Black-eyed Marble Buttcrjly. Wings 
 
 indented, black-brown, with a light 
 yellow broad tranfverfe ftripe, on which 
 are 2 eyes on the ift wings, and i on 
 the 2d, which are waved with white. 
 In woods. 
 
 16. Jurtina. Meadow Brown Butterfly. Wings 
 
 above brown, yellow in the middle, 
 ■' with one Eye in the ift. Beneath, 2d 
 
 Wings grey in the middle, indented. 
 Common in meadows. 
 
 17. Cardui. Painted Lady. Wings indented. 
 
 Above, J ft Wings, towards the extreme 
 angle, black, with white fpots ; the 
 reft orange, fpotted with black : 2d 
 Wings orange, with a range of black 
 fpots near the Margin. Beneath, ift 
 Wings variegated with black, white, 
 orange, yellow : 2d marbled with grey, 
 yellow, brown, and 5 Eyes near the 
 Margin. Caterpillar grey, fpinous : 
 feeds on nettles. 
 
 18. Iris. Emperor of the JVoods, or Purple High- 
 
 flyer. Wings indented. Above pur- 
 ple, darker round the edges, with 7 
 diftin6l white fpots on the ift Wings ; 
 on the 2d an irregular broad white 
 ftripe, and a yellow eye. Beneath 
 black, brown, and white. Large. 
 
 19. Antiopa. TVillow Butterfly. Wings angu- 
 
 lated, black, with a yellow-white ex- 
 ternal border. In the anterior mar- 
 gin of the ift Wings, 2 long yellowifti 
 
 fpots 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA, 1$^ 
 
 fpots. Between the black and yellow 
 a range of bluifh eyes. Body and An- 
 tennae black. Caterpillar black, fpi- 
 nous, with large brown fpots. Very 
 rare in this kingdom. 
 
 20. Polychloros. Great Torto'ife-Jhell Butterfly. 
 
 Deep orange, with black fpots. Wings 
 confiderably indented. Above, on the 
 ift Wings 7 fpots, on the 2d i, and a 
 broad exterior black border edged with 
 black and yellow. The 2 black fpotS 
 which touch the anterior edge of the 
 ift wings, are long and much larger 
 than the reft. Beneath black-brown 
 and dull yellow. Caterpillar brown and 
 yellow, fpinous ; feeds on Elms, Pear- 
 trees, &€. 
 
 21. Urticae. Small Tortoife-Jhell Butterfly. Much 
 
 like the laft, but lefs. On the ift 
 Wings 6 black fpots, 2 of which are" 
 very fmall, and one whitifti fpot. Ca- 
 terpillar feeds on nettles. Plies early 
 in the fpring. 
 
 22. C. album. Comma Butterfly. Orange, fpotted 
 
 with black. Wings much indented. 
 Beneath, on the 2d Wings, a white 
 fpot in the ftiape of a comma, C, or G. 
 Legs white in the middle. Caterpillar 
 fpinous, brown on the Sides, and white 
 on the pofterior half of the Back. On 
 hops and nettles. 
 
 23. Atalanta. Admiral Butterfly. Wings black, 
 
 indented j a broad tranfverfe fire- red 
 K 3 ftripe 
 
134 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA, 
 
 {Iripe, and 7 or 8 white fpots on the 
 I ft pair ; a red pofterior margin, and 4 
 blacK dots on the 2d. Caterpillar grey, 
 fpinous ; on nettles. 
 
 24. Lucina. Small Fritillary. Wings indented. 
 Above red-brown, with minute yellow, 
 black and white fpots. Beneath, on 
 the 2;d wings, a double band of white 
 fpots, and fome black ones near the 
 pofterior margin. Frequent near Cam- 
 bridge. Sometimes in Hornfey-Wood. 
 
 ^5. Maturna. Heath Fritillary. Above orange, 
 longitudinally ftreaked, and tranfverfely 
 waved with black ; bordered with fmall 
 femilunar white fpots. VVings entire. 
 Yellov/ fpots on the under furface of 
 the 2d Wings. Caterpillar black, 
 fpinous. 
 
 26. Cinxia. Plantain Fritillary. Above like the 
 laft, but the tranfverfe waves are more 
 diftinct, and on the 2d Wings are 8 
 black dots. Beneath, the lit Wings 
 have a yellow exterior border, and the 
 2d 3 broad yellow ftripes. Caterpillar 
 black-blue, fpinous. In meadows. 
 
 ay. Papliia. Great Fritillary. Large. Above, 
 pale orange, with fine black veins, and 
 feveral rows of large, round, black 
 fpots. Beneath, the 2d Wings are 
 greenifli, with 4 filvery tranfverfe waves, 
 in the exterior of which are 4 circular 
 fpots. Caterpillar, above brown, be- 
 neath yellow, fpinous, with 2 long 
 horns. On nettles. 
 
 28. Aglaja, 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I35 
 
 28. Aglaja. Great Fritlllary Butterfly with filver 
 
 fpots. Large. Wings a little indented. 
 Above pale orange, with many round 
 black fpots. Beneath, on the 2d Wings, 
 21 or 22 filver fpots, 7 of which are 
 femilunar, and regularly ranged near 
 the margin. Caterpillar fpinous, black 
 with a line of yellow fpots on each fide. 
 In woods. 
 
 29. Lathonia. Lefs Silver-fpotted Fritlllary. Silver 
 
 fpots 30. Caterpillar brown, with a 
 yellow line on each fide. 
 
 30. Euphrofyne. Jprll Frltllla-ry. Above yellow, 
 
 with black veins and tranfverfe waves. 
 Beneath 9 filver fpots on the 2d Wings. 
 Geof. 44. 1 1. 
 
 31. Betulse, Broun Halr-Jlreak Butterfly. Lefs 
 
 than the middle fize. Dark brown, 
 with a large oblong orange fpot on the 
 ift Wings. Beneath yellow and orange. 
 Two fhort appendices to the 2d Wings. 
 Caterpillar flat, and broadeft in the 
 middle. On the black thorn. 
 
 32. Qiiercus. Purple Halr-Jlreak Butterfly. Above 
 
 deep purple, with a white exterior mar- 
 gin. Beneath grey, ftreaked longitudi- 
 nally, and waved tranfverfely, with 2 yel- 
 low eyes, and a fhort appendix to each 
 of the 2d Wings. Caterpillar broad in 
 the middle, and fharp at each end. 
 On oaks. 
 
 33. Argus. Blue Argus. Above fine blue, with 
 
 a white fringe on the exterior margin. 
 
 K 4. Beneath 
 
J ^6 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA.' 
 
 Beneath grey,rprinkled with fmall bl-^k. 
 eyes. Small fize. Caterpillar broad in 
 the iniddle. Some of this fpecies of 
 Butterflies have yellow-blaclc eyes on 
 the upper furface of the wings. 
 
 34. Argiolus Above blue, with a 
 
 black exterior margin. Beneath bluifh 
 grey, fprinkled with black fpots. Small. 
 
 35. Rubi. Grec'n Buttcrjly. Wings indented. 
 
 Above brown. Beneath green. Small. 
 Caterpillar green, with a red head ; 
 broad in the middle. On brambles. 
 
 36. Pamph'lus. S>naU Heath Butterfly. Abov^s 
 
 orange, with a brown exterior margin. 
 Beneath, one Eye in the angle of the 
 ill Vvings, and on tiie 2d a tranfverfe 
 white wave. Caterpillar fmall, with a 
 red head. Geoff. 53. 21. 
 
 37. Phlaeas. ^mall Golden Black-fpotted Butterfly. 
 
 Wings orange-bronze, fpotted with 
 black. Short appendices to the 2d 
 Wings. Small fize. Geoff. 65. 35. 
 
 38. ComiTja. Chequered Hog. Deep yellow, with 
 
 black veins and margin, and a black 
 tranfverfe long fpot on the ift Wings. 
 Small fize. When at reft, the ift wings 
 ftand perpendicular, and the 2d hori- 
 zontal. In meadows in autumn. 
 
 39. Malvse. Grizzle^ or Broiun March Fritillary. 
 
 Brown, fpeckled with white, and fringed 
 with brown and while. In meadows 
 in the fpring. Caterpillar grey, head 
 
 black, 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I37 
 
 black, and a few yellow fpots round 
 its neck. On mallows and thirties. 
 
 SPHINX. Antennae thickeft in the middle. 
 Wings, when at reft, deflexed. Fly 
 flow, morning and evening only. 
 
 1. Ocellata. Eyed TFillow-Hawk Moth. No ^ 
 
 trunk. Wings indented. Above, ift 
 Wings dark and light brov/n, marbled ; 
 2d red, vi'ith a large yellow-black eye. 
 Beneath, a large red triangle from the 
 bafe of the ift wings. Breadth 14 
 inch. Caterpillar fmooth, green, with 
 oblique white lines on the fides, and 
 a pofterior horn. Eggs green. On 
 willows. 
 
 2. Populi. Poplar- Hazvk Moth. Wings fcallopped, 
 
 bluifh grey, waved with dark lines. 
 On the ift Wings a long white fpot, 
 and the bafe of the 2d red-brown. 
 Wings reverfed. Length i inch. A 
 long fpiral trunk. Caterpillar green, 
 fmooth, with oblique white fpots, and 
 a pofterior horn. On poplars and 
 willows. 
 
 3. Tiliae. Lme-Hawk Moth. No trunk. Wings 
 
 fcallopped. Antennae white on the 
 upper fide, yellow on the under. Above, 
 ift Wings grey-brown, with 2 irregu- 
 larlargegreL^n fpoots; 2d Wings orange. 
 Beneath greenifli grey. Caterpillar 
 green, chagrined, with a pofterior hqrn_. 
 
 4. Convolvuli. Unicorn^ or Bindweed-Hauk Moth. 
 
 Antennae long, thick. Trunk very 
 I lonif. 
 
138 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 long, fplral. Above, body marked with . 
 'black and red belts; Wings entire, 
 brown-grey, with black zig-zag tranf- 
 verfe lines. Breadth 3 inches. Cater- 
 pillar fmooth, green, v/ith a pofterior 
 horn. 
 
 5. Liguftri. Privet-Hawk Moth. Antennas long, 
 
 thick, brown. Trunk long, fpiral. 
 Firft Wings 2 inches long, narrow, 
 entire, brown ; 2d fhort, red, with 
 black bars. Abdomen red with black 
 rings. Caterpillar fmooth, yellow-green, 
 with a pofterior horn. 
 
 6. Atropos. Jeffamine-Hawk Moth. Wings en- 
 
 < y^ ' Q ^^^^' '^^"^""^ long, fpiral. Above, ift 
 
 ^.-c^/A^ ef ^7'<Zi_V««/-T^Yj^gg brown, clouded with grey and 
 
 /ei^^c P ■^*-<^ ycllov/, and a yellowifli fpot in the 
 
 TyJ^/': /u^tK^ y/^^- *^^'^t^'' j 2d yellow, with 2 waved tranf- 
 
 _ . /2^' ' ' verfe rtripes. Abdomen yellow, with 
 
 /Cd. -ytfo . y biack-brown belts. Thorax marked 
 
 ^ S ^"^ l^ like a Death's-head. Length 2 inches. 
 
 y^ Caterpillar very large, yellow, with 6 
 
 green and orange oblique belts, and a 
 
 pofterior horn. 
 
 , 7. Elpenor. Elephant M:th. Wings angular,, 
 entire. Above, ift Wings ftripcd tranf- 
 verfely with red and green ; 2d black 
 at the bafc, and red outwards. Body 
 red and green. Caterpillar fmooth, 
 brown snd yellovw', with a pofterior 
 horn, and a inout like a Hog. On 
 vines, co!ivolvu!us, &c. 
 
 Stcil.'.aruin. Large Bee Moth. Antennae 
 thick tov/aids tlic ends, brown. Trunk 
 
 fpiral. 
 
 £t 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 1 ^^ 
 
 fpiral. Wings (hort, entire. Body 
 thick J brown, hairy. Firft Wings brown, 
 waved ; 2d red-brown. Refembles a 
 large Bee. Caterpillar fmooth, with a 
 pofterior blue horn, tipt with red. On 
 gallium. 
 
 ► 9. Tipuliformis. Small Bee Moth. Thorax 
 yellow beneath. Wings fhort, with 
 black veins. Abdomen black, bearded, 
 yellow at the extremity. Caterpillar, 
 on the Lonicera. 
 
 « 10. Filipendulse. Burnet Moth. Antennse, Legs, 
 
 and Body black. Second Wings red, 
 
 ^^ with a greenifti border. Firft Wings 
 
 '"-' bluifh green, with 6 red fpots, in pairs. 
 
 Length 8 lines. Caterpillar yellow, with 
 
 black fpots. On grafs. 
 
 PHALvENA. Antennas taper from the 
 bafe. Wings, in general, contradled 
 when at reft. Fly by night. 
 
 I, Pavonia. Emperor Moth. Antennae feathered. 
 No trunk. Wings expanded, horizon- 
 tal, rounded, entire, with a large eye 
 in the center of each ; the ift red- 
 brown, wi^ved J the 2d orange. The 
 Antenns of the male are broader, and 
 the wings of the female larger, waved 
 with black and white, and bordered 
 with yellow. Caterpillar green or yel- 
 low, fpinous. On thorns and bram- 
 jbles. Length of the Moth i inch. 
 
 * Na 
 
14© INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 * No Trunk. TVings reverjed^ i. e. \Jl TVitigs ho- 
 rizontal^ and 2d ere£l. 
 
 2. QuercifoHa. Lappit Mcth. Red-brown, with 
 
 tranfverfe waved lines. Wings rounded 
 and regularly fcallopped. No Trunk, 
 but a {harp Nofe. Length li- inch. 
 Caterpillar moufe colour, fpinous, with 
 a trunked pofterior horn. Eggs blue, 
 with brown hoops. On brambles and 
 black thorn. 
 
 3. Rubi. Fox-coloured Moth. Antennas fringed. 
 
 Wings entire, with a whitifh margin ; 
 2. whitifh tranfverfe waves on the ift 
 pair. Caterpillar brown, with black 
 rings. On brambles, &c. 
 
 4. Potatoria. Drinker Moth. Yellow-brown. 
 .-, "v-^ Wings (lightly fcallopped: on the ift 
 
 p^ir, a dark oblique line from the ex- 
 treme angle, and 2 white fpots near the 
 anterior edge. Nofe (harp. Length 
 I inch. Caterpillar hairy, black and 
 brown, with white fpots on the fides. 
 On grafs. 
 
 5. Pini. Pit7e Lappit Moth. Wings (lightly 
 
 fcailoped ; ift pair v/avcd with alternate 
 broad tranfverfe grev and brown (tripes; 
 a white triangular fpot near the anterior 
 edge. Length i-i inch. Caterpillar 
 large, brown, grey, white, On pines. 
 
 6. Quercus. Great Eggcr Aloth. Antenna? fea- 
 
 thered. Yellow-brown. Half the Wings, 
 ne.Nt the Body, darker ; near the center 
 of the ift a white fpot. Firft Wines 
 
 alio 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I4I 
 
 alfo darker at the extremities, and the 
 2d have a whitiih margin. Length 
 I inch. The female larger, and lighter 
 coloured. Caterpillar whitifh, with 
 black rings. On oaks, Sic. 
 
 7. Laneftris. Small Egger Moth. Dark brown. 
 
 Wings rounded : on the ift a white 
 tranfverfe wave, and two white fpots j 
 on the 2d a wave only. Tail bioad 
 and woolly. Length ^ inch. Cater- 
 pillar hairy, black, with white rings 
 and dots, and large orange fpots. On 
 the black and white thorn. 
 
 8. Vinula. Pufs Moth. Antennae feathered. 
 
 Wings grey, ftreaked, dotted, and waved 
 with black. Thorax dotted with black. 
 Wings fomewhat diaphanous. Length 
 I inch. Caterpillar green, high {houl- 
 dered. Face and Back red. Two Tails. 
 On oaks, willows, and poplars. 
 
 9. Bucephala. Buff'-tip Aloth. Antennas fea- 
 
 thered. Firlt Wings grey, with 2 
 double tranfverfe brown waves, and a 
 large yellowifh round fpot at the ex- 
 treme angle. Second Wings plain, light 
 yellow. Length fcarce i inch. Ca- 
 terpillar hairy, yellow, with black fpots. 
 On oaks, alh, &c. 
 
 10. Verficolora. Glory of Kent. Antennse fea- 
 
 thered, blackilh. Firft Wings red- 
 brown, with 2 tranfverfe waved black 
 and white lines, and 3 white fpots at 
 the extream angle. Second Wino-s 
 orange, with 2 white fpots at the ex- 
 terior 
 
142 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 terior angle. Very rare. Length -I 
 inch. 
 
 11. Populi. December Moth. Firft Wings dark 
 
 brown, with 2 tranfverfe waved white 
 lines, a white fpot at the bafe, and 
 fpeckled margin. Second Wings light 
 brown, with a tranfverfe white wave. 
 Length more than half an inch. Ca- 
 terpillar yellow, hairy. On oaks, ha- 
 zel, &c. 
 
 12. Neuflria. Lackey Moth. Antennae feathered. 
 
 Light yellov/, with a broad, tranfverfe 
 darker wave athwart the middle of both 
 wings, bounded by a brown line above 
 and below. The exterior margin of 
 both Wings fpeckled. Length ^ inch. 
 Caterpillar long, flender, ftriped with 
 blue, red, and white. On thorns. 
 
 ** No Trunk. Wings deprejfed, defiexed. Back 
 
 fmocih. 
 
 13. Caja. Great Tyger Moth. Antennas feathered. 
 
 Firft Wings w^hite, with large irregular 
 dark brown fpots. Abdomen and 2d 
 Wings orange, with black fpots. Ca- 
 terpillar, foxy, hairy, with white fpots 
 on the fides. On lettuce, &c. 
 
 14. Villica. Cream-fpot Tyger Moth. Antennar*, 
 
 Head, and Thorax black, with a white 
 fpot on each fide the latter, ift Wings 
 black, with 8 large irregular cream-co- 
 loured fpots. Abdomen orange, with 
 black fpots. Length near i inch. Ca- 
 terpillar 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I43 
 
 terpillar hairy, foxy. On elms, net- 
 tles, &c. 
 
 15. Plantaginis. IFood Tyger Moth Antennae 
 
 of the male feathered ; of the female, 
 like briftles. Firft Wings black, with 
 irregular broad white lines. Second 
 Wings yellow, with black fpots. In 
 the female, the broad lines are yellow. 
 Abdomen red at the fides. Lensrth 4- 
 inch. Caterpillar hairy, black, with a 
 red Head. On plantain, he. 
 
 16. Monacha. Black Arches. Firft Wrings white, 
 
 tranfverfely waved with black. Second 
 Wings bluifh white, with black dots 
 in the margin. Abdomen red, pointed. 
 Caterpillar yellow-white, with black 
 fpots, hairy. On willows, oaks, &c. 
 Length of the Moth ^ inch. 
 
 17. Difpar. Gipfey Moth. Antennas black, 
 
 and remarkably feathered, efpecially 
 thofe of the female. Firft Wings grey, 
 with 4 tranfverfe zig-zag lines, and a 
 black Ipot. Fxternal margin of both. 
 Wings fpotted with black. Abdomen 
 of the female round, thick, and covered 
 with thick down at the extremity. Ca- 
 terpillar hairy. On oaks, afh, apple- 
 trees, &c. Frequent about Ealing in 
 Middlefex. 
 
 18. Chryforrhcea. Tellow-tail Mcth. Antennae 
 
 feathered. Entirely white, except the 
 extremity of the Abdomen, which is 
 yellow and hairy. Caterpillar black and 
 red, hairy. On apple-trees, oaks, &c. 
 
 19. Salicis, 
 
144 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA* 
 
 19. Salicis. JVhite Satin Moth. Antennae fea- 
 
 thered, black. Body grey. Wings 
 white. Legs black and white. Length 
 near an inch. Caterpillar hairy, black, 
 fpotted with white. On willows, 
 poplars, &c. 
 
 20. Coryli. Nut-tree Tuffock Moth. Antennae 
 
 taper. Firft Wings grey and brown, 
 tranfverfely waved. Second Wings 
 white, with a brown and white margin. 
 Caterpillar red-brown, with 2 dorfal 
 and I tail tufc. 
 
 *** No Trunk, fflngs deprejjed. Back hairy. 
 
 21. Pudebunda. Yellow Tujfock Moth. Antennae 
 
 feathered, brown. Wings light grey, 
 ^ ^ with faint tranfverfe waves on the ift 
 
 pair. Fore-feet ftretched out beyond 
 the Antennae. Length i inch. Ca- 
 terpillar greenifh yellow, with 4 brufhes 
 on the back, and a red tail. On fruit 
 trees. 
 
 22. Fafcelina. Black TuJJock Moth. Antennae" 
 
 feathered. Brown-grey, with 2 tranf- 
 verfe red- brown waves on the ift 
 Wings. Second Wings plain, with 
 longitudinal and a flight margin. Ab- 
 domen grey, broad, and thick fet with 
 down, at the extremity. Caterpillar, 
 with 5 white brufhes, tipt with black. 
 On hedges. 
 
 23. Antiqua. TVhite-fpot Tujfock Moth. Antennae 
 
 feathered, black. Firft Wings cloudy 
 orange, waved and fpotted with brown, 
 
 and 
 
iNSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I45 
 
 and a white fpot on the pofterror angle. 
 Female without Wings. Caterpillar 
 with 4 white brufhes on its back. On 
 trees. Length of the Moth a little 
 more than 4 inth. 
 
 24. Gonoftigma. Orange Tuffock Moth. Differs 
 
 very little from the laft, except that 
 the fpot on the Wings is not white. 
 Female without Wings. 
 
 25. Caeruleocephala. Black-thorn Moth. An- 
 
 tennas feathered. Body brown. Firft 
 Wings brown, marbled with bluilh 
 green in the form of a double contigu- 
 ous circle. Second Win^s lighter co- 
 loured, plain, with a brownilh margin, 
 fcallopped. Length -l inch. Caterpillar 
 green and yellow, with fmall blade 
 dots. On fruit trees. 
 
 26. Ziczac. Pebble Moth. Brown and white, 
 
 clouded like an Agate. Antennae fea- 
 thered. On the interior margin of ths 
 ift Wings, a remarkable appendix ; 
 2d Wings fcallopped. Length 7 lines. 
 Caterpillar fmooth, with 2 protuber- 
 ances on its back. 
 
 27. Coilus. Goat Moth. Grey, with (hort black 
 
 irregular curved lines. Antennae foliat- 
 ed. Abdomen yellowifti, with dark 
 curved belts. Length i~ inch. Cater- 
 pillar red, with few hairs and a black 
 head. In rotten wood. 
 
 **** Spiral Trunks ; Back fmooth ; TVtngs dcfiexed. 
 
 28. Lubricipeda. Spotted Buff Moth. Irregularly 
 
 fpotted with black. Abdomen orange, 
 L with 
 
t^6 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 with 5 black fpots on t^e back and fides. 
 Caterpillar light brown, hairy. On 
 fruit trees. 
 
 29. Ruflula Antennas feathered. 
 
 Body and Wings yellow, with a red 
 border. On the ift Wings, a brown 
 and red fpot ; on the 2d two tranfverfe 
 ftripes, and a brown arch. 
 
 ***** Back crejled. 
 
 30. tibatrix. Furbelow Moth. Antennae a little 
 
 feathered. Head and Thorax yellow. 
 Wings, truncated, orange, variegated 
 with brown and a(h-colour, with a 
 white fpot near the bafe. Caterpillar 
 fmooth, green, with a white line along 
 the Back. On willows, rofe-trees, &c. 
 
 31. Oo. Scalkp-wmged Oak Moth. Fir ft Wings 
 
 brown-grey, with circles in the middle. 
 Second Wings grey, with a brown, 
 margin. Caterpillar fmooth, orange, 
 with white fpots. On oaks. 
 
 ^2. Humuli. Otter Moth. Antenna (hort. Wings 
 long, yellow, with oblique red ftriae. 
 Wings of the male white. Body yel- 
 low in both. No Trunk, 
 
 ** Spiral Trunk j Back fmooth, without creji. 
 
 33. Dommula. Scarlet Tyger Moth. Firft Wings 
 black with orange fpots. Second 
 Wings fcarlet, with black fpots. Thorax 
 black, with 2 yellow fpots. Abdomen 
 black and fcarlet. Caterpillar brown 
 and yelloWi On nettles, grafs, &c. 
 
 34. Fuliginofa, 
 
Insects. lePidopter a. 147 
 
 34. Fuliginofa. Spotted red and zvlnteTJnder-ivlng^ 
 Moth. Firft Wings brown-red, with 
 2 fmall black dots. Second Wings 
 bluifh, with 2 black dots, and a brown 
 margin. Length haiF an inch. Ca- 
 terpillar hairy, brown. On turnips, 
 muftard, &:c. 
 
 ^35. Jacobaes. Cinnabar Moth. Antennas: and 
 Body black. Firft Wings black, with 
 a longitudinal red line near the ante- 
 rior margin, and 2 reJ fpots near the 
 exterior. Second Wrings red, with a 
 black margin. Length 8 lines. Ca- 
 terpillar, with alternate black and 
 oran<ze belts. On rao-wort. 
 
 .36. Quadra. Yellow July Oak M:tb, Yellow, 
 with 2 black-blue fpots on the ifr 
 Wings. Caterpillar hairy, veliowiih, 
 with one large black-brown ipot en 
 the middle of his back. 
 
 37. Nupta. Crimfon under-iuing Moih. Firft 
 Wings grey and brown undulated ; 
 2d crimfon with 2 broad tranfverfe 
 black waves. Len2;th one inch. Ca- 
 terpillar fmooth, grey. On oaks. 
 
 ^, Pacla. TViilow red-under-wlng jlfoih. Ab- 
 domen, above reddifh. Firfl Wings 
 irregularly waved, grey and brown ; 2d 
 crimfon, with 2 broad black waves, and 
 grey exterior margin. Length above 
 an inch. Caterpillar brown, with fe\y 
 hairs. On willowst 
 
 L 2 39. Pronuba, 
 
148 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 39. Pronuba. Great yellow Under-wing Moth. An- 
 
 tennae taper. Body and ift Wings 
 brown-giey, clouded or waved, with 
 a black fpot in the middle, and an- 
 other near the exterior angle. Second 
 "Wings yellow, with a broad black, 
 wave near the exterior margin. Length 
 one inch. Caterpillar fmooth, yellow. 
 In gardens. Feeds in the night. 
 
 40. Fraxini. Cliff den Nonpar il. Antennae ta- 
 
 per. Thorax brown. Abdomen bluifh. 
 Firft Wings grey, tranfverfely undu- 
 lated, with a large white fpot in the 
 centre. Second Wings black, with a 
 bioati tian!ver(e blue curve in the mid- 
 dle. Margin of both Wings fcallopped. 
 Length i \- inch. Rare. 
 
 41. Chryfitis. Green Silken Moth. Head, An- 
 
 tennae and Thorax pale yellow. Firft 
 Vv^'iiigs brown, marbled, with 2 tranl- 
 verfe gold-green waves, and a whitifh 
 fpot. Second Wings brown-grey. 
 Margin of the Wings fcallopped. Ca- 
 terpillar fmooth, orange, with white 
 fpots. 
 
 42. Gamma. Lambda liloih. Wings brown, 
 
 marbled, with a white or yellowifh 
 mark, refcmbling the Greek lambda, 
 on the I ft pair. Length 8 lines. Ca» 
 terpillar fmooth, green. On fage, &c. 
 
 43. Fcftuca. Gdd-fpot Moth. Firft Wings brown, 
 
 with 2 or 3 filver-golJ fpots. Second 
 
 Wings plain yellow. Head, Antennae, 
 
 5 Thorax 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I49 
 
 Thorax orange. Abdomen yellow. 
 Length 8 lines. Caterpillar fmooth, 
 green. On water-grafs, Sic. 
 
 44. Meticulofa. Jf7gle Shades. Antennas taper. 
 
 Wings grey, marbled. Firft pair rcd- 
 difh at the bafe, brown in the middle, 
 v/ith a threefold triangle near the an- 
 terior margin. Second Wings light 
 frey, with a black fpeck in the cenrer. 
 largin of both Wings irregularly 
 indented. Caterpillar fmooth, green. 
 On pot herbs. 
 
 45. Pfi. Dagger^ Moth. Antennae taper. Body 
 
 grey, i^ye.s black. FirH Wings whitiih, 
 with 3 or 4 black marks in the form 
 of daggers, or like the Greek pfi. Se- 
 cond Wings plain, with fcallopped mar- 
 gin. Length 9 lines. Caterpillar hairy, 
 black, yellow, with a black horn. 
 Sides black and rsd. 
 
 46. Aceris. Sycamore Tuffock Moth. Antennae 
 
 taper. Firfl: Vv'ings bluifla grey, with 
 undulated black lines, and an oval rlna:. 
 Second Vv'ings pl^in with a double 
 dotted margin. . Caterpillar yellow, 
 with a long orange tufi. On maples, 
 walnut-trees, ccc. 
 
 47. Exfoleta. S'word gra[s Moth. Corfelet black- 
 
 brown. Abdomen reddiih white, Firft 
 Wings long, narrow, anterior half 
 whitifii, v/ith brown lines, pofterior 
 red-brown. Second Wings dufky, v/ich- 
 a whitifh fcallopped margin. Cater- 
 L 3 pillar 
 
150 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 pillar green, with a yellow lateral line^ 
 On Chenopodium, Campanula, Sec. 
 
 a8 Verbafci. Water-Beiony Moth. Antenn* 
 ' taper. Firft Wings long, narrow, 
 
 brown-grey, longitudinally ftrcaked, 
 lio-hteft in the middle, margin indented. 
 Second Wings brown, fmall. Cater- 
 pillar yellow, fmooth, wiih 4 black 
 jpots on each ring. Length of the 
 Moth nearly one inch. 
 
 ^Q Rumicis. Bramble Moth. Firft Wings brown, 
 clouded with black, with annular white 
 fpots, and a tranfverfe v/hite Ime near 
 the margin. Second Wings dark brown, 
 • with a whitifh fcallopped margin. Ca- 
 terpillar black-brown, hairy. On bram- 
 bles and thiftles. 
 .to. Oxyacanths. Ealing's Glory. Antennae ta- 
 per. Firft Win^s dark brown, with z 
 irregular orange Ypots, a tranfverfe line 
 and^ external margin of the lame co- 
 lour ; alfo a blue tranfverfe line, ayd 
 blue pofterior margin. Second Wings 
 duflcy. Length not quite i inch. Ca- 
 terpillar brown and yellow. On thorns. 
 
 ri. Oleracea Antennae taper. Body 
 
 thick, fnort, hairy. Firft Wings nar- 
 row, red-black, with a whitilh circle 
 near the middle, and a white tranfverfe 
 line, with 2 points in the middle. Se- 
 cond Wings reddifh grey, with a black 
 fpot in the center. Caterpillar ftriped 
 purple and yellow. On peas, beans, 
 
 &c. 
 
 52. Pifi, 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 15I 
 
 52. Pifi. Broom Moth. Body darkifti grey. Firft 
 
 Wings red-brown, clouded with black, 
 and light yellow ; 2 yellowifii fpots in 
 the middle, and a yellowlfh narrow 
 undulated line near the exterior mar- 
 gin. Second Wings grey, with a 
 whitifh margin. Length not quite i 
 inch. Caterpillar fmooth, brownifh 
 yellow. On broom, peas, &c. 
 
 53, Atriplicis. Wild Arrach Moth. Firft Wings 
 
 brown, blue, and yellow, clouded 3 a 
 double yellow wave near the exterior 
 margin, and ajcngifh bifid tranfverfe 
 yellow mark near the center. Second 
 Wings brown. Caterpillar fmooth, 
 brown. 
 
 .54. .Delphinii. Peafe BloJJom. Firft Wings pur- 
 plifh, with 2 yeilowifti tranfverfe waves. 
 Second Wings dufky. Small fize. Ca- 
 terpillar fmooth, yellowifh,. with black 
 fpots. On Larkfpur. 
 
 55. Oitrago. Sallo-w Afoth. Body thick, yellow- 
 
 brown. Firft Wings angulated, yellow, 
 with 3 or 4 oblique tranfverfe purplifli 
 lines, with intermediate red-brown 
 i'pots. Second Wings whitifli. Length 
 7 lines. Caterpillar brown, fides yellow. 
 
 * Geometra. Antenna feathered. 
 
 56. Amataria. Buff" Argus Moth. Firft Wings 
 
 angulated, buff, fprinkled with brown, 
 and a red-brown tranfverfe line in the 
 middle. Second Wings paler, with a 
 xed-brown margin. Caterpillar green, 
 L 4 wUli 
 
152 INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 with yellow rings. On oaks. Length 
 of the Moth half an inch. 
 
 57. Sambucaria. Swallow-tail Moth. Wings 
 
 angulated, pale yellow, with 2 tranf- 
 verfe ftraight lines on each. Second 
 Wing3, with 2 Tails and 2 black fpots. 
 Large iize. Caterpillar brown. On 
 brambles. 
 
 58. Lacertinaria. Wtld-Rofe Moth. Wings an- 
 
 gulated, brown-yellow, with 2 tranf- 
 verfe curved lines on each Wing, and 
 a brown fpot between thofe of the ift 
 pair. Caterpillar fmooth, brown, back 
 angulated. On oaks. Sic. 
 
 59. Syringaria. Richmond Beauty. Wings an- 
 
 gulated, indented, orange clouded. Be- 
 neath darker, with a black fpot in the 
 middle of each Wing. Lengih 9 lines. 
 Caterpillar fmooth, with 10 feet, and 
 a horn on the 8th rinf?. 
 
 O 
 
 60. Prunaria. Orange Moth. Wings orange, 
 
 fprinkled with brown, and a femilunar 
 fpot on the ift pair. Female paler than 
 the Male. Caterpillar brown yellow, 
 with 2 fpines before and behind. On 
 thorns. 
 
 61. Betularia. Spotted Elm Moth. Wings white, 
 
 fpotted and waved with black-brown. 
 Caterpillar pale green, fmooth, with 2 
 black-brown fpots near the Tail. Mid- 
 dle fize. On elms, willows, &c. 
 
 62. Wauaria, Goofeberry Moth. Wings orange- 
 
 grey i on the anterior margin of the ift 
 
 pair 
 
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. I53 
 
 pair 4 tranfverfe irregular dark-brown 
 ipots. Caterpillar green and white, 
 hairy. Ongoolcberry-bufhcs. TVitks./^2. 
 
 63. Papilionaria. Green Broom Jlloth. Wings 
 
 green, with a tranfverfe white wave, 
 and white irargin. Length 7 lines, 
 
 ** Antennez taper, like brijiles. 
 
 64. Viridata Wings angular, green, 
 
 with a pale tranfverfe line, and yel- 
 lowifh margin. Small. On oaks. 
 
 65. Chserophillata. Great Chimney Sweeper. Black. 
 
 Firft Wings tipt with white, and ere<Sl. 
 Caterpillar green. In meadows. 
 
 • 66. Groffularia. Magpye, or Cur ra7:t- Moth. An- 
 tennae aad Legs black. Body yeDcw, 
 with black fpots. Wings white, with 
 many black patches, and a tranfverfe 
 yellow wave on the I ft pair. Caterpillar 
 white, with black fpots on the back ; 
 belly yellow. On currant and goofe- 
 berry-bufhes, 
 
 « 67. Crataegata. Brimjlone Moth. Antennce, 
 Trunk, and Legs deep yellow. Eyes 
 black. Wings brimftone, with 3 irre- 
 gular brown fpots on the anterior mar- 
 gin of the i ft pair. Caterpillar fmcoth, 
 with a dorfal fpine. On the whi:e- 
 thorn. 
 
 68. Urticata Corfelet and Tail yel- 
 low. Abdomen grey. Wings grey, 
 with black- blue fpots, two rows of 
 which form tranfverfe lines near the 
 
 exterior 
 
•<S-54 IWSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 
 
 exterior margin. The bafe of the Wings 
 ifometimes yellowifti. Small. Cater- 
 pillar fmooth, green. On nettles. 
 
 69. Brumata Wings brown-grey, 
 
 with faint black tranfverfe lines. Wings 
 of the Female very fhort, grey, with 
 black fpots. Caterpillar green, with a 
 white line on the fides. Very deftruc- 
 tive to apple-trees. 
 
 ;yo. Prafmana. Green Moth^ with Jjlver lines. 
 Body green and white. Firft Wings 
 green, with 3 oblique white lines. Se- 
 fo!id Wings pale green. Margin 
 •orange. Caterpillar yellow and green. 
 Anus orange. On am, oaks, &c. 
 
 5^1. Viridana. ^mall Green Oak Moth. Firft 
 Wings green, immaculate j 2d dufky. 
 Caterpillar fmooth, green. 
 
 72. Oporana, Plumb-tree Moth. Wings angu- 
 
 lar, red-brown, clouded and reticulated 
 with black. Caterpillar fmooth, green. 
 
 73. Roftralis Wings brown-grey : 
 
 on the ift pair 2 fpots, and a dark line 
 near the extream angle. Caterpillar, 
 on nettles. 
 
 74. Verticalis. Mother of Pearl Moth. Wings 
 
 ycllowifli white, with faint brownifh 
 broken waves. Beneath yellowifli. 
 Length 8 lines. Caterpillar green and 
 white. On nettles. 
 
 75. Evonymella. Small Ermine Moth. Firft 
 
 VVin^s filver-whitCj with 3 or 4 rows 
 
 of 
 
INSE-CTS. LEPIDOPTERA. 1 55 
 
 of f mall black fpots. Second Wings 
 lead colour. Abdomen black above, 
 white beneath. Length half an inch. 
 Caterpillar yeilowifti white, with 10 
 black fpots on each fide. On fruit 
 trees. 
 
 76. Culmella. Small Pajiure Moth. Firft Wings 
 
 grey, with longitudinal white ftri?e, a 
 filver marginal fringe, and 7 black fpots 
 rans,ed tranfverfelv. Win^is circurh- 
 voluted. In meadows on grafs, its 
 head downwards. 
 
 77. Salicella. Province-rofe Moth. Firft Wings 
 
 ""dark bkiifh grey, yellowifh white wy. 
 the middle, with black fpots in the po- 
 fterior margin. Thorax crefted. Smull 
 fize. Caterpillar, on rofe-leaves. 
 
 7S. Tapetzella Head white. Wings 
 
 long, circumvoluted ; ill pair black 
 half way from the Body, the other 
 half white, with brown faint fpots : 
 2d pair grey. Body black. Length 
 near half an inch. Among woollen 
 clothes. 
 
 79. Sarcitella Wings bluifli bright 
 
 afh-colour, with a black fpot in the 
 center of each. Length 2 lines. Fre- 
 quent in houfes. Caterpillar, very de- 
 ftructive to woollen clothes. 
 
 80. Granella Brown. On the jft 
 
 Wings feveral fmall dark fpots, and 2 
 yellow ones. Head yellowifli white. 
 
 5 ^>*'* 
 
J^6 INSECTS. NEUROPTERA." 
 
 Eyes black. Length 4 lines. In houfes 
 and granaries. 
 
 81. Pomonella. Codling Moth. Firft Wings 
 
 brown-grey, clouded. On the 2d a 
 large red-gold fpot near the pofterior 
 angle. Length near half an inch. Ca- 
 terpillar orange, fpotted with black. 
 On apple-trees. 
 
 82. Didaityla. Brown Feathered Moth, Wings 
 
 extended, bifid, pointed, red-brown, 
 with whits long fpots. Second Wings 
 white, tiipartite, fpotted. Legs white, 
 annulated. 
 
 Z-^. Pentada£lyla. JVlnte Feathered Moth, Eyes 
 black. Body pale yellow. Wings 
 very v.'hitC; extended: ift pair bifid ; 2d 
 tripartite. Caterpillar green. 
 
 84. Hexada£ly]a. Many-feathered Moth. Wings 
 extended, grey, v/ith brown tranfverfe 
 iva\ es ; ift Wings of 8 feathers ; 2d 
 of 4, which the infedt expands and 
 contrails like a fan. Length 6 lines. 
 On the Lonicera, &c, 
 
 IV. NEUROPTERA. 
 
 Wings 4, naked, tranfparent, reticulated 
 with veins or nerves. Tail without fling. 
 
 LIBELLULA. Adder-hohs^ or Dragon-files. 
 Mouth with 2 long lateral jaws. An- 
 tenna; very fhort. Tail of the Male 
 
 forked. Wings extended. 
 
 I. 4-macu- 
 
INSECTS. NEUROPTERA. 157 
 
 1. 4-maculata Brown. Thorax 
 
 covered with grey hair. Wings yel- 
 lowifh at the bafe, with 2 brown fpots 
 on the exterior margin. Length 14. 
 inch. I caught this infe6l on board 
 the Harwich packet, many leagues from 
 land. 
 
 2. Fhviola Eyes large, and near to- 
 
 gether. Thorax black- brown, hairy 
 with a yellow fpot on each fide. Ab- 
 domen broad, flat, fhort, yellow above, 
 black beneath. Wings with a black 
 fpot near the end, and a large yellow- 
 brown fpot at the bafe. Length i~ 
 inch. Flies quick. 
 
 3. DepreiTa Eyes brown. Head 
 
 and Thorax greenifli, v.^ith ,2 yellow 
 tranfverfe lines. A brown fpot on the 
 exterior .margin of the Wings. Ab- 
 domen cylindrical, -black above, yellow 
 beneath, and covered with 'a bluifh 
 grey duft. Length i~ inch. 
 
 4. Vulgatiflima Brown. Front and fides 
 
 yellow. An oblong brown fpot on the 
 exterior margin of the Wings, the fides 
 of which fpot are black. Length more 
 than half an inch. 
 
 5. ^nea Green-gold. Wings yel- 
 
 lovvifli, with marginal brown fpots. 
 The male has 4 briftles at the Tail. 
 Length il. inch. 
 
 6. Grandis Head yellow. Eyes brown, 
 
 contiguous and large. Thorax brown 
 
 with 
 
 
I5S IN.aBeTS. MnHKRaP'TE B. A. 
 
 with 2 oblique yeHow lines on each 
 fide. Abdomen i^d-brown, with white' 
 fpots. Wings yellowifh. with a brown 
 rtiarginal fpot, and a brown protuber- 
 ance at the bale of each Wingl Length 
 2^ inches. 
 
 |. Forcipata Head yellow. Eyes 
 
 large, brown. Thorax greenifh brown, 
 •vi^ith 3 black obliqUp lines on each fide. 
 Abdomen brown, of 9 ringlets, with 
 a yellow tranfverfe line in the middle, 
 and 2 yellow fpots on the fide of each 
 ringlet. Length I'l- inches. 
 
 i8. Virgo Body Saxon-greenifh blue. 
 
 Eyes diftant, remote. Wings of equal 
 length, bluifti, brown in the middle, 
 yellowifh at the bafe and apex, and, 
 without marginal fpot. Length 2 
 inches. 
 
 9, Puella Body blue, with 3 longi- 
 tudinal brown lines on the Thorax, 
 and a black ringlet near the extremity 
 of the Abdomen ; the 2 laft brown. 
 Wings whitilh, finely reticulated with 
 black veins, and a black marginal fpot. 
 Eyes diftant, remote. Length i ^ 
 inch. 
 
 I^PHEMERA. Antennseveiyftiort. Twd 
 protuberances before the tyes. Wings 
 ercdl ; 2d pair fmall. Two or three 
 Tails like bridles. Short lived. 
 
 I. Vulgata, 
 
fNSEGTS. NEVROPTERA I59 
 
 i. Vulgata Brown. Wings, with : 
 
 brown veins, and 5 or 6 brown fpots. 
 Three Tails as long as the Body, 
 Length 2 lines. 
 
 2. Vefpertina Black. Exteriormar- 
 
 gin of the ift Wings black, the reft 
 tranlpaient. Second Wings white. 
 Antenn<E and Tails 3 times the len«^th' 
 of the Body. Length 1 line. 
 
 3. Culiciformis Brown. Win^^s 
 
 tranfparent. Two whitilh Tails. Lengtii- 
 2 lines. 
 
 4. Horaria. ..,_.,., Brown. Wings dia^ 
 
 phanous', exterior m'argirt thicker and" 
 brown. Tails 2, white, with browa 
 fpots. Fore Legs long. Length 3. 
 lines. 
 
 5. Striata Thorax brown. Abdo- 
 
 men white. Wings brownifh, ftriated. 
 Tails 2, length of the Body. Length 
 2 lines. 
 
 PHRYGANEA. Palpi* 4. Protuberances 
 before the Eyes 3. Antennse longer, 
 than the Thorax. Wings crofling each 
 other i 2d pair folded. 
 
 i. Bicaudata Dark brown, with a 
 
 yellow longitudinal line on the Head 
 and Thorax. Antennae long, filiform. 
 Wings 4. longer than the Body. Length 
 S lines. 
 
 2. Nebulofa, 
 
l6o INSECTS. NEUROPTERA. 
 
 2. Nebulofa. ...... Bjown. Wings grey. 
 
 Tails 2, fliort. Length half an inch. 
 
 3. Striata. Red-brown. Eyes black. Wings 
 
 clouded, lateral, and raifed obliquely at 
 the ends. Antennae long. Length i" 
 inch. 
 
 4. Rhomboidica Brownifh yellow. 
 
 On the ift Wings a large oblique white 
 fpot. Length 7 lines. 
 
 5. Flavilatera Black. Wings brown ; 
 
 ift pair dilated at the bafe. Antennae 
 Ihort. Length 7 lines. 
 
 6. Nigra Antenh?^ twice as long as 
 
 the Body. Wings greenifli black. 
 
 7. Longicornis Brownifh grey. An- 
 
 tennas 3 times as long as the Body. Firft 
 Wings fpotted with black. Legs whitifh. 
 Length 3 lines, 
 
 HEMEROBIUS. Mouth prominent. Palpi 
 4. Wings deflexed. Antennae longer 
 than the Thorax, taper, extended. 
 
 1. Pedlinicornis. Golden Eye. Antennae length 
 
 of the Body. Yellovvifh green. Wings 
 much longer than the Body, diaphanous, 
 with green veins. Minute black dots 
 on the Abdomen. On plants. 
 
 2. Chryfops Like the laft, except 
 
 that the Antennae are {horter, and the 
 veins of the Wings punftured with 
 brown. Length 3 Imes. Geoff. 254. 2. 
 
 3. Sex- 
 
INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. l6l 
 
 5. Sexpunflatus Body greenifh 
 
 brown. Antennae longer than the Body. 
 Wrngs much longer than the Body, 
 obliquely ere6t, diaphanous, with 6 
 black fpots near the endi. Length in- 
 line. 
 
 4> Formicarium Brown. Head large, 
 
 with yellow fpots, and .large lateral 
 
 Eyes. Neck long. Thorax divided, 
 
 and fpotted with yellow. Ab.lomen of 
 
 8 rings. Wings larger than the body, 
 
 diaphanous, with black veins, and 
 
 brown fpots. Length i inch. 
 il 
 
 PANORPA. Beak horny, cylindrical. 
 Palpi 2. 
 
 I. Communis Body dark brown, 
 
 fides yellow. Wings the length of the 
 Body, diaphanous, reticulated, and 
 fpotted with brown. Tail of the male 
 like that of the Scorpion. Length 7 
 lines. Skips. In meadows. 
 
 V. HYMENOPTERA. 
 
 Wings 4, generally membraneous. Tail of 
 the Females armed with a fting. 
 
 *o' 
 
 CYNIPS. Antennse elbowed in the mid- 
 dle. Second Wings ftiorter. Sting 
 conic, inclofed between 2 valves, on 
 the under fide of the Abdomen. Ab- 
 M domen 
 
l62 INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA- 
 
 dpmen coinpre(red, acute beneath, and 
 joined to the Thorax by a fliort pedicle. 
 
 1. Glechomae Brown. Thorax 
 
 hairy. In the tubercles on the leaves 
 of ground ivy. 
 
 2. Quercus baccarum Black. Bafe 
 
 of the Antennae and Legs yellow. In 
 the fmall tubercles on the under fide of 
 oak leaves. 
 
 3. Quercus foHi ' . . . Black. Thorax 
 
 ' ftriatcd. Legs grey. In the large tu- 
 
 tubercles on oak leaves. 
 
 4. Quercus petioli Head black. Body 
 
 brown, polifhed. Extremity of the Ab- 
 domen hairy. In the tubercles on the 
 petiolus of oak leaves. 
 
 5. Quercus gemmas. . ". .... Greenifli black, 
 
 a little bronzed. Antennae and Legs 
 orange. In the large imbricated galls 
 on the extream buds of oak-trees, 
 
 TENTHREDO. Abdomen of equal thick- 
 nefs, and clofely united to the Thorax. 
 Sting ferrated, between two valves. 
 Second Wings (horteft. 
 
 I. Femorata Antennae yellow, of 9 
 
 joints. Black, hairy. A yellow femi- 
 lunar membrane on the ill ring of the 
 Abdomen. Wings diaphanous, the ex- 
 terior border thick, brown. Length i 
 inch. 
 
 2. Lutaea. 
 
Insects, hymenoptera. 163 
 
 i. Lutaea Antennae clavaited, yellow, 
 
 the lad joint black. Third, fourth, 
 and fifth ring of the Abdomen brown, 
 the reft black. Legs black, feet yel- 
 low. Wings, with brov.'n veins, and 
 brown pofterior margin. On Willows, 
 Alder, Birch. 
 
 3. Ruftica Black, except the upper 
 
 lip, bafe of the Antenna:, 2 fhort lines 
 on the Thorax, the point of the Thorax 
 and the margin of the 2d, 5th and 6th 
 fegment of the Abdomen, which are 
 yellow. Wings brown. Legsyellowifli. 
 Length half an inch. On Willows. 
 
 4. Scrophulariae. Black. Margins 
 
 of the fegments of the Abdomen yel- 
 low, except the 2d and 3d. Upper 
 lip yellow. Antennae red-brown. On 
 the Thorax 2 yellow lines and 3 fpots. 
 Wings and Legs tawny. Very like a 
 Wafp. Length half an inch. On 
 Figwort. 
 
 5. Rofae Head, Antennae, and Tho- 
 
 rax black, with a yellow fpot on each 
 fide of the latter. Abdomen orange. 
 Wings tawny, with the exterior border 
 black. Length 4 lines. On rofe-trees. 
 
 6. Cynofbati Black, with 3 yellow 
 
 fpots on the Thorax. Legs red-brown ; 
 hind legs white in the middle, black 
 above and below. Length 2 {- lines. 
 
 7. Capracn; Yellow. Crown and 
 
 Corfelet black. Antennae of 9 joints. 
 M 2 Exterior 
 
1^4 INSECTS. HYM-E NOPTERA. 
 
 Exterior border of the Wings black, 
 thick. Length 4 lines. On Willows. • 
 
 SIREX. Two ftrong Jaws. Palpi 2. An- 
 tennae filiform, of more than 20 joints. 
 Sting riged, ferrated. Abdomen united 
 to the Thorax. Wings narrow, 2d 
 pair ftiorteft. 
 
 J. Gigas Antennae half the length 
 
 of the Body, of 23 joints. Head black, 
 with a yellow Ipot behind each eye. 
 Thorax black, hairy. Abdomen of 9 
 
 .[; fegments, black and yellow. Sting 
 
 lodged in a groove under the Belly. 
 Len2;th 1 7 lines. 
 
 •. " 'ICHNEUMON. Jaws, without tongue. 
 Antennae of more than 30 joints, long, 
 filiform, vibrating. Sting within a bi- 
 valv? Iheath. 
 
 1. Ludlatoriiis Black. Upper lip, bafe 
 
 of the Antennae, poi-nt of the Corfelet, 
 2d and 3d fegment of. the Abdomen yel- 
 low. Length near half an inch. 
 
 2. Perfvaforius. ...... Black. Upper lip 
 
 white. Thorax with 3 white lines on 
 each fide. Target with 2 white fpots. 
 Abdomen cylindrical, i ft fegment white, 
 2d partly white, and 4 white fpots on 
 the reft. Legs brown. 
 
 3. Comitator Black. Middle of the 
 
 Antenna; white. Length half an inch. 
 In Wafps nefts. 
 
 -- 4. Peregrinator, 
 
INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 1 65 
 
 4. Peregrinator Black. Antenna 
 
 white in the middle. Four firft feg- 
 ments of the Abdomen brown-yellow, 
 the laft white. Legs tawny. Winc;s 
 brownifli. Length 3 I lines. 
 
 5. Incubitor Head and Thorax black. 
 
 Antennje brown, white in the middle. 
 Legs and Abdomen tawny, black at 
 the extremity. Length 3 lines. 
 
 ■6. Manifeftator Black. Antennae 
 
 taper. Legs tawny. Sting twice as 
 long as the Body. Length i inch. In 
 woods. 
 
 7. Inculcator Black. Abdomen and 
 
 Legs tawny. Pedicle between the Tho- 
 rax and Abdomen long and fmall. A 
 marginal fpot on the Wings. Abdo- 
 men comprefTed and large towards the 
 end. Length 2 lines. 
 
 8. Pugillator Black. Antennas 
 
 length of the Body. Second, third, and 
 fourth fegmcnts of the Abdomen yel- 
 low. Legs yellow. Length 6 lines. 
 
 9. Rufpator Black. Legs tawny, 
 
 hind thighs thick, with a fpine on the 
 interior fide. Length 34. lines. 
 
 10. Jaculator Black, flender, long. 
 
 A white rinulet near the on'o-in of the 
 Legs. Hind legs longer and thicker 
 than the red. Abdomen curved. Sting 
 longer than the Bodv. 
 
 o 
 
 1\I 3 II. Luteus. 
 
l66 INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 
 
 11. Lutcus Tawny. Antennae lonr, 
 
 taper. Abdomen curved, comprefled ; 
 Pedicle long, flender. Sting fhort. A 
 marginal brown fpot on the Wings. 
 Length i inch. Geoff. 330. 
 
 12. Ramidulus Very like the lafV. 
 
 Thorax beneath, and the extremity of 
 the Abdomen black. Length 8 lines, 
 
 13. Bedeguaris Green-gold. An- 
 
 tennae of 1 1 joints, elbowed, filiform. 
 Legs pale. Sting longer than the Body. 
 Length i-i. line. 
 
 14 Puparum Blue, polifhed. Abdc^ 
 
 men gold. Legs pale. Otherwife like 
 the laft. Length 2 lines. In the chry- 
 falis of Butterflies. 
 
 15. Aphidum Black. Legs yellow. 
 
 Antennce as long as the Body. Length 
 I line. Breeds in the Body of Aphides, 
 or Lice of trees and plants. 
 
 j6. Globatus Black. Legs black 
 
 and orange. Antennas length of the 
 Body. A fmall marginal fpcck on 
 the Wings. Length 2 lines. Breeds 
 in the white filky balls, about i inch 
 long, which are found frequently on 
 different plants in meadows. 
 
 17. Glomeratus Like the laft, except 
 
 that the Antenna are not fo long, and 
 the Legs are yellow. Breeds in the Car 
 tcrpillars of the Cabbage Butterfly. 
 
 18. PccTinicornis • . Green-brown- 
 
 oran^ie. Antennse branched, yellowifh. 
 
 Legs 
 
INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 1 67 
 
 Legs white. Length 24 lines. In the 
 chryfalis of Butterflies. 
 
 SPHEX. Jaws, without Tongue. An- 
 tenna of 10 joints. Wings incumbent, 
 not folded. Sting riged. 
 
 1. Viatica Black. Antennae fliort, 
 
 thick. 1 hree firft fegments of the 
 Abdomen red -brown. Pedicle fhort. 
 Length half an inch. Geoff. 354. n. 74. * 
 
 2. Cribraria Black, with yellow 
 
 ringlets on the Abdomen. Antennae 
 Ihort, and turned backwards. Fore 
 legs broad, with an appendix like a 
 fhleld. 
 
 CHRYSIS. Thorax joined to the Abdomen 
 by a fhort pedicle. Sting fimple. Wings 
 not folded. Antennas filiform, of i 
 long and 1 1 fliort joints. 
 
 I- Ignita Blue-green-gold. Po- 
 
 fterior part of the Abdomen polifhed 
 copper, with 4 fpines on the laft feg- 
 ment. Length 4 lines. In walls. 
 
 VESPA. Jaws, without Trunk. Firfl: 
 Wings folded. Sting concealed. Body 
 fmooth. 
 
 I. Crabro. Hornet. Antennae tawny. Corfelet 
 black in the center, edges brown. Seg- 
 ments of the Abdomen black on the 
 anterior part, yellov/ on the pofterior, 
 with 2 black fpots on each. Length I 
 inch. Builds in hollow trees. 
 
 M 4 2. Vul- 
 
j68 INSECTS. H YMENOPTERA. 
 
 , ■: ' - . ■ 
 
 2. Vulgaris? Comjnon Waff, Corfelet black, 
 
 with 6 yellow fpots. Male : fcgments 
 of the Abdomen 7, yellow, with a 
 black triangle on each. Head yellow. 
 Antennas long. Female: upper lip yel- 
 low. Antennas fhort. Segments 6, 
 with 2 lateral black fpots ox\ each j 
 larger than the Male. 
 
 3. Coarctata. Bmall JVafp, Antennae black, 
 
 yellowifh at the bafe. Head black, 
 with a yellow fpot between the An- 
 tennas, and another at the bafe of the 
 upper lip. Corfelet black with 2 yellow 
 fpots. Each fegment of the Abdomen 
 bordered with yellow j the ift infundi- 
 buliform, 2d campanulate, and larger 
 than the reft. Length half an inch. 
 
 APIS. Jaws, with a Trunk bent down- 
 wards. Antennae elbowed in the, mid- 
 dle, I ft joint longeft. Wings plain, 
 Body hairy. Abdomen conne(5led by 
 a pedicle. 
 
 1. Centuncularis. Black. Body 
 
 long, narrow. Head, Thorax, and 
 Legs covered with greyifli hair. Ab- 
 domen above fmooth, beneath covered 
 with tawny hair. Builds in old trees. 
 Length 2\ lines. 
 
 2. Rufa. Small Field Bee. Front white. Ab- 
 
 domen fliort, covered above with tawny 
 hair j Thorax with grey. 
 
 ■2. Mellifica, 
 
INSECTS. HYMENOPTERA. 169 
 
 3. Mellifica. Common Hive Bee. Needs no de- 
 
 fcriptioD. 
 
 4. Manicata. Black. Fore legs very 
 
 hairy. Yellow fpots on each fide of 
 the Abdomen, and 5 crotchets at the 
 extremity. Length 7 lines. Very like 
 a Wafp, but hairy. On flowers. 
 
 5. Conica Thorax black, yellowKh 
 
 at the roots of the Wings. Abdomen 
 very acute ; margins of the fegments 
 light yellow. Builds in the ground. 
 
 (;>. Terreftris. Humble Bee. Black, very hairy, 
 with a yellow belt on the Thorax. 
 Anus white. Builds deep in the 
 ground. 
 
 7. Subterranea. Great Humhle Bee. Black, very 
 hairy. Trunk long and branched. 
 Anus red-brown. 
 
 FORMICA. An erefl: fquamula or fcale, 
 betv/cen the Thorax and Abdomen. 
 Females and Neutrals have a Sting con- 
 cealed. Males and Females have Wings ; 
 Neutrals none. 
 
 Herculeana, Horfe Ant. Abdomen oval. 
 Thio;hs red-brown. Much laro-er than 
 the common Ant. 
 
 Rufa Front and Thorax yellowifh ; 
 
 the reft red-brown. Length 3 lines. 
 In gardens, Geoff. 428, n. 4. 
 
 3. Fufca 
 
I JO INSECTS. D I P. T E R A. 
 
 3. Fufca. Common Jni. Brown, polifhed. Wings 
 
 white, larger than the Body. Length 
 2l- lines. Geoj^. 428. n. 5. 
 
 4. Nigra Black. Wings brownifli 
 
 on the upper part, and larger than the 
 Body. Length li. line. Geoff\ 429. 
 n. 6. 
 
 5. Rubra. Little Red Ant. Clouded, with a 
 
 black fpot under the Abdomen. Eyes 
 black. Very fmall. 
 
 VL D I P T E R A. 
 
 Wings 2. 
 
 OESTRUS. No Mouth, but 3 punclurcs, 
 without Trunk or Beak. Antennae 
 taper, proceeding from a lenticular 
 joint. 
 
 I. Bovis. Breeze^ ox Gad Fly. Thorax yellow, 
 with a black tranfverfe line between 
 the Wings. Abdomen tawny, with 
 fine black tranfverfe lines j laft fegment 
 black. Wings white, with a brown 
 tranfverfe line, and 3 brown fpots. 
 Size of the large blue Fly. Depofits 
 its eggs under the fkin on the backs of 
 Oxen. 
 
 ^".' Hamoridalis Body long, black, 
 
 covered with tawny hair. Middle of the 
 Thorax lefs hairy. Wings immaculate. 
 Antennae very Ihort. Length half an 
 
 inch. 
 
INSECTS. DIPTERA. I7I 
 
 inch. Depofits its eggs in the return 
 of horfes, 
 
 3. Ovis. Grey Fly. Spotted with black. Front 
 pale yellow. Legs brownifh. Wings 
 with fbort black, veins. Length h^lf 
 an inch. Breeds in the frontz] Jhius of 
 Sheep. 
 
 TIPULA. Head long. Palpi 4, curved. 
 Trunk very fliort. 
 
 I. Rivofa. ...... Brown-grey. Eyes black. 
 
 Antennas feathered. Wings larger than 
 the Body, white in the middle, with 
 3 brown fpots near each margin. Tail 
 of the Female bifid. Length i inch. 
 
 o" 
 
 Crocata Black fpotted with yel- 
 low. Legs tawny, with black feet, 
 and a black ring round the pofterior 
 thighs. Wings tawny, with a mar- 
 ginal brown fpot. Length 7 lines. In 
 meadows. 
 
 Oleracea. Long-Legs. Brown-afh colour. 
 Antennas fimple. Wings brown at the 
 exterior margin, and in the Male longer 
 than the Body. Length near an inch. 
 
 Hortorum Like the laft, but much 
 
 leis. Wings faintly fpotted with white, 
 and fprcad with thick black veins. 
 
 Contaminata Black. Legs livid 
 
 yellow, with black joints. Two yel- 
 low fpots on the 2d, 3J, 4th, and 5th 
 fcgments of the Abdomen. Five or fix 
 
 dark 
 
172 INSECTS. DIPT ERA. 
 
 dark fpots on the exterior margin of 
 each Wing. Length half an inch. 
 
 6. Lunata Afti-colour, with a whitifb 
 
 line on each fide of the Abdomen, and 
 a white femilunar fpot on the exterior 
 margin of each Wing. Length 8 lines. 
 In meadows. 
 
 y. Cornicina Yellow. Antennae, 
 
 Eyes and Palpi black. Three oblique 
 black lines on the Corfelet. Legs very 
 long. Length 6 lines. In meadows. 
 Raj. 73. 7. 
 
 8. Plumofa. Sea Tipula. Brown. Thorax 
 
 greenifti. Eyes black. Fore legs longeft. 
 Wings fhorter than the Abdomen. 
 Length 3 lines. Refembles a Gnat. 
 
 9. Littoralis Brown. Abdomen green, 
 
 3 laft fegments brown. Wings dia- 
 phanous. Fore legs long. Length 2 
 lines. On trees. 
 
 10. Motitatrix Pale green, or flefh- 
 
 colour, with black fpots. Three lon- 
 gitudinal black lines on the Corfelet. 
 Legs black, white in the middle. Fore 
 legs long. Length i line. 
 
 IT. Monilis Black. Legs white, 
 
 with 9 black rings. Wings white, with 
 grey fpots, and a marginal black one. 
 Length 2 lines. In meadows, and on 
 windows. 
 
 12. Febrilis Black. Wings white, 
 
 exterior border black. Antennae knotted, 
 I Ihort. 
 
INSECTS. DIPT ERA. 1 73 
 
 fhort. Wings crofs each other. Length 
 4 lines. 
 
 13. Hortulana Antennae knotted, 
 
 {hort, black. Corfelet red, fmooth. 
 Abdomen yellowifh. Wings diaphan- 
 i ous, brov/nifti, exterior border black. 
 
 .. Head very fmall. Male black, leis. 
 
 14.. Phalaenoides Dark grey. Wings 
 
 twice as long as the Body, fringed. 
 
 ,;;•*-.<: Antennae of ii beads^ perfoliated. 
 Length i line. Scarce. 
 
 f. - .J 
 
 "• MUSCA. A foft flexible Trunk, with la- 
 teral Lips at the end. No Palpi. 
 
 1. Chamasleon Brown. Antennse 
 
 '^ taper, broken. Eyes large. Abdomen 
 
 nearly circular, with 3 yellow triangu- 
 lar fpots on each fide, and one at the 
 extremity. Legs yellow. Thighs brown. 
 Length 6" Ijines. 
 
 2. Hydroleon Antenna fhort, black. 
 
 Eyes green, with a tranfverfe violet 
 line. Thorax brown. Abdomen green, 
 with a black longitudinal line in the 
 middle. Wings very tranfparent. Legs 
 yellowifh. Length 34- lines: 
 
 3. Morio Black, hairy, v/ith white 
 
 fpots on each fide of the Abdomen. 
 Wings much larger than the Body, in- 
 terior margin white. Length 3 — 6 lines. 
 In gardens. 
 
 4. Nsmprum Head grey. Eyes 
 
 brown. Thorax covered with grey 
 
 hair. 
 
I'74 INSECTS. DIPTERA. 
 
 hair. Abdomen, of 4 fegments, above 
 black, with 2 large yellow fpots on each 
 fide, and 3 white tranfverfe lines. Legs 
 brown. Wings tranfparent with a black 
 ,,. } marginal fpot. Length 41 lines. 
 
 5.' T'enax. ...... Very like a Bee. Eyes 
 
 brown. Front white. Thorax brown, 
 hairy. Abdomen of 4 fegments, with 
 a large yellow fpot on each fide. Mid- 
 dle of the Wings tawny. Legs brown, 
 Feet white. Length half an inch. 
 
 6. Pyraftri Head yellow. Eyes large, 
 
 brown. Corfelet dark green, with a 
 few brown hairs. Abdomen above 
 black, with 6 white fpots. Legs 
 blackifti, with yellow joints. Li gar- 
 dens. 
 
 7. Menthaftri Front yellow. Eyes 
 
 brown. Corfelet greenifh black, with 
 a yellow line on each fide. Abdomen 
 of 5 fegments with 5 tranfverfe yellow 
 lines. Length 4 lines. On flowers. 
 
 8. Fiptens Black, fmooth. Long, 
 
 narrow. Front and fides of the Tho- 
 rax yellow. Abdomen of 4 fegments. 
 v/ith 2 yellow fpots on each fide, l^wo 
 hind Legs longer and ftronger, black 
 with 2 yellow fpots, and a yellow ring 
 on each thigh. On mint, &:c. Length 
 3~ lines. 
 
 9 Insnis Antennae, proceeding from 
 
 the Trunk, of 5 globules, and a fili- 
 form terminal joint. Thorax black, 
 I polifijcd. 
 
INSECTS. DIPTERA. 175 
 
 poliflied. Abdomen above white, with 
 2 black belts. Beneath black. Length 
 2 lines. On flowers. . 
 
 10. Pellucens Antennas feathered. 
 
 Trunk lodged within the Beak. Eyes 
 red-brown. Front yellow. Corfelet 
 black. Abdomen, anterior half white, 
 pofterior black. Wings tranfpar^nt, 
 with a tranfverfe black line. Length 
 half an inch. On rofe-trees. 
 
 J I. Caefar Green-gold. Legs black. 
 
 Eyes reddifli. Length 3 lines, in woods 
 and gardens. 
 
 12. Cadaverina. - Eyes reddifh. Head 
 
 .i\:,:c. an^i Thorax blue. Abdomen green- 
 gold. Length 2 lines. . 
 
 13. Vomitoria. Blue Flejh Fly. Eyes brown. 
 
 Plumes of the Antennse branched. 
 Thorax black. Abdomen dark blue, 
 large. Legs black. Length near half 
 an inch. Raj. I'ji. 
 
 14. Carnaria. Common FleJJ) Fly. Black, with 
 
 4. longitudinal grey lines on the Corfe- 
 let. Abdomen of 5 fegments, chequered, 
 with black and grey. Anus reddifh. 
 Legs black. Length 4 lines. 
 
 l>i. Domeftica. Commcn Hmfe Fly. Black, 
 with 5 longitudinal grey lines on the 
 Corfelet. Abdomen of 4 fegments, 
 chequered. Length 3 lines. 
 
 Aiitenjies 
 
yS INSECTS. DipTERAi 
 
 * Antenncs with a lateral hair, 
 
 16. Cellaris Yellow-brown. Ab- 
 
 domen of 6 fegments. Wings large^ 
 with 3 longitudinal veins. Length li. 
 inch. Frequently found de^d in wine 
 and vinegaf. 
 
 17. Putris Black, fmooth. Wings 
 
 whitifh. Eyes brown. Size of a Gnat. 
 Breeds in cheefe and dung. 
 
 18. Stercoraria Front yellowifh. 
 
 Eyes reddifh. Bafe and exterior border 
 of the Wings yellowifli, with a brown 
 fpot and tranfverfe line near the middle^ 
 Male grey, covered, with tawny down* 
 Length 3 lines. On dung. 
 
 19. Vibrans Black, cylindrical. 
 
 Head red. Abdomen obtufe. Wings 
 white, with a black fpot near the ex- 
 tremity. Legs of the Female yellow. 
 Length ^~ lines. Wings conftantly vi- 
 brating. On trees. 
 
 20. Flava Yellow. Eyes black. 
 
 Wings white, with obfcure yellow veins. 
 Length i line. On flowers, 
 
 21. Solftitialis Head yellow. Eyes 
 
 brown. Thorax grey. Abdomen black. 
 Legs tawny. Wings whiti'fh, with 3 
 brown lines, and a fmall notch in the 
 exterior margin. Length 2 lines. On 
 thiftles. 
 
 TABANUS. 
 
in SECTS D I P T ERA. 1 y^ 
 
 'tABANUS. Antenna conic, of 4 fer- 
 ments. Trunk flefhy^ terminated by 
 2 lips. Palpi, one on each fide of the 
 .Trunk. 
 
 i. Bovinus. Great Horfe Fly. Head and Tho- 
 rax ^rey. Eyes dark brown. Abdo- 
 men yellowifl), with a triangular v/hite 
 fpot in the middle of each fegment. 
 Legs yellow. Wings dufky with brown 
 veins. Length i inch. 
 
 2. Pluvialis. . Brown-grey. Eyes 
 
 green, ivith brown rays. Corfelet 
 brown, with 7 longitudinal grey lines. 
 Wings dotted with white, and a margi- 
 nal black fpot. Legs alternately brown 
 and white. Length 4 lines. In mea- 
 dows. 
 
 3. Cscutiens. Head brown. Eyes 
 
 green and brown, with black fpots. 
 Corfelet brown, with grey lines. Ab- 
 domen above yellow, with triangular 
 brown fpots. Legs yellow. Wings 
 white, with black and brown fpots. 
 Length 4- lines. 
 
 CULEX. Antennas feathered. Trunk, 9^ 
 long flender fyphon. 
 
 I. Pipiens, Common Gnat. Grey. Abdomen 
 of 8 fegments. 
 
 ?.. Bifurcatus Brown-grey. Beak 
 
 forked. Twice as big as the laft. In 
 watery places. 
 
 •i N ^3- Puli- 
 
178 INSECTS. DIPTERA. 
 
 3. Pulicaris Brown. Wings white, 
 
 with 3 brown fpots. Length ^ line. 
 In gardens in the Spring. 
 
 CONOPS. Trunk long, jointed. 
 
 1. Calcitrans. ...... .Differs from the Com- 
 
 mon Fly, in having a hard (harp Trunk, 
 with which it pricks our legs in Au- 
 ,,.,.,, - tumn. 
 
 2. Macrocephaja . Black and tawny 
 
 variegated, fomewhat like a Wafp^ 
 Antennae clavated, but pointed. Wings 
 brown, clouded. Length haJf an inch.. 
 In meadows. j vV 
 
 ASILUS. Triink horny, long, ftraight, bi- 
 valved. 
 
 T;'''Crabroniformis. Hornet Fly. Trunk and 
 .f)y>:- Eyes black. Corfejet convex. Three 
 firft fegments of the Abdomen black, 
 the other 4 yellow, hairy, ftiarp, and 
 brown at the extremity. Length i 
 inch. In wet meadows. 
 
 2. Forcipatus. ...... Grey, hairy. Abdo- 
 
 men long, pointed. Sides yellowifh. 
 Length 6 lines. In gardens, &c. 
 
 3. Tipuloides Trunk pale, long, 
 
 curved downwards. Corfelet afh-co- 
 lour, with 3 longitudinal black lines. 
 Wings of the Male tawny ; of the Fe- 
 f^l male, white, tranfparentt Legs long. 
 
 Length 4 lines. 
 
 I 3. Morio. 
 
INSECTS. DIPTEkA.' 1 79 
 
 4. Morio Black, fmooth. Legs 
 
 tawny. Length 6 ^ lines. In wet 
 woods. 
 
 BUMBYLIUS. Trunk taper, very long, 
 fharp, betweQn two horizontal valves. 
 
 I. Major. Hutnble-Bee Fly. Body fhoit, thick, 
 
 covered with thick grey down. Wings 
 
 . ^ large, black at the b-^e. Antennx 
 
 ofi)^ r black, bent in the middle. Legs long, 
 
 /lender, black. Length 4. or 5 lines. 
 
 Sucks flowers, without reding on them. 
 
 1. Medius. i Body vellowifh, white 
 
 at the extremity. Wings, with brown 
 fpots. Hovers in the air like a Hawk, 
 and darts with great celerity. 
 
 3. Minor Wings clouded, without 
 
 fpots. In Cain- wood; 
 
 HIPPOBOSCA. Trunk bivafved, cylin- 
 drical, obtule. Antennre like a fingle 
 hair. Feet with cl.''.ws. 
 
 1. Equina Broad, flat, fcaly. Head 
 
 yellow. Eyes brown. Thorax and 
 Abdomen ydlowifh, with brown waves. 
 Wings crofs each other, nnd are much 
 larger than theBodv. Length 2^ lines. 
 Fallens on Dogs and Cattle. 
 
 2. Hlrundinis , . Head yellow. Tho- 
 
 rax darker. Abdomen dufky, broad, 
 flat. Wings narrow, (hort. Legs long, 
 with 6 claws. In Svv.tllows nefts. 
 
 N 2 VIL A P- 
 
iSo INSECTS. A P T E R A. 
 
 Vn. A P T E R A. 
 
 No Wings. 
 
 LEPISMA. Legs 6, broad and fcaly ar 
 their origin. Palpi 2, moveable. An-, 
 tennae filiform. Tails 3. Body fcaly. 
 
 1. Saccharina Body long, of 9 or 
 
 10 fegments, diminiflirng from the 
 Head to the Tail. Silvery lead colour. 
 Somewhat like a fifli. Ijength 4 lines. 
 In the joints of falh windows that are 
 wet and feldom opened. 
 
 PODURA. Legs 6^. Eyes 2, compofed 
 of 8 fmall ones. Tail forked, elaftic, 
 inflexed. Antenna ^ongj taper. 
 
 1. Viridis Round, light green. Head 
 
 yellowilh. Eyes black. Antennae el- 
 bowed in the middle. Thorax very 
 fmall. An angle on each fide of the 
 Abdomen, Length i line. On plants 
 in April. 
 
 2. Plumbea Polifhed lead-colour. 
 
 Tail almoft as long as the Body. Length 
 1 line. On trees, folitary. 
 
 3. Villofa Yellow-brown, ftreaked 
 
 and fpotted with black. Antennae of 
 4 joints. Head and Thorax hairy. 
 Length 2 lines. On ftones. 
 
 4. Aquatics. 
 
INSECTS. APTERA, l8l 
 
 4. Aquatica Black. Antennae al- 
 
 moft as long as the Body. Length 
 half a line. Numerous on the leaves 
 of Aquatic plants, 
 
 TERMES. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Antennse 
 taper. Mouth with 2 Jaws. 
 
 r. Pulfatorium Antennas length of 
 
 the Body, flender. Eyes yellowifh. On 
 each fegment of the Abdomen, a red- 
 difli fpot on each fide. Lefs than the 
 common Loufe. Generally thought to 
 be the Death-watch, but Geoftroy is 
 pofitive of the contrary. 
 
 PEDICULUS. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Mouth 
 producing a fting. Antennae length 
 of the Thorax. Abdomen dcprefl'ed, 
 rounded, fimple. 
 
 1. Humanus. Common Loufe. 
 
 2. Pubis. Crab Loufe. Brown. Broad and (hort. 
 
 3. Bovis White, with 8 tranfvcrfc 
 
 J. tawny-red lines above, and 5 beneath. 
 
 4. Vituli Larger than the laft. Legs 
 
 fhort, thick, grey. Abdomen lead-co- 
 lour, broad, pointed. 
 
 5. Corvi Grey. Head fmall, black. 
 
 Antennae turned backwards. Eight 
 black lines on each fide the Abdomen. 
 Length i line. 
 
 N 3 6. C;. 
 
/ 
 
 l8'2 INSECTS. A P T E R>A; 
 
 6. Gallinae; . . . ... Head white, rount^e^ 
 
 before. Thorax large, angular. Ab- 
 donien white, with a black border. 
 
 7. Colunibas flender, whitifh j fides 
 
 red-brown. Length i line. 
 
 PULEX. Legs 6. Eyes 2. Antennae fili- 
 form. Trunk taper, inflexed, cor^r 
 cealing a fting. Abdomen comprefTed. 
 
 I. Irritans. Common Flea. 
 
 ACJ^ARUS. Legs 8. Eyes 2, lateral, 
 Tentaculae 2, jointed. 
 
 1. Reduvius. Sheep Lonje, or Tick. Flat, oval, 
 
 with a round fpot on the back, Fre- 
 quently found alive in wool, a long 
 time aftef it is ftiorn, 
 
 2. Ricinus. Dog Tick. Oval. Trunk long. 
 
 Livid. Head and Thorax fmall. Op 
 the anterior part of the Abdomen an 
 oval, brown, glofiy, raifed fpot. Length 
 
 3. Paflerinus Oval. Brown. Legs 
 
 pale, Length i line. Very like the 
 laft. On many fpccies of fmall birds. 
 
 4. Telarius Tawny. A brown fpot 
 
 on each fide of the Abdomen. Ac- 
 cording to GeoftVoy, this infecl fpins a 
 web on the bark of trees, generally on 
 the north lide, from top to bottom of 
 the trunk ; which web being difpcrled 
 by the wind, covers the fields with 
 
 thofe 
 
INSECTS. APTERA. l8? 
 
 thofe innumerable threads which fome 
 Naturalifts have miftaken for conclenfed 
 vapour. 
 
 5. Aquaticus Scarlet. Oval. Length 
 
 il line. On ftagnant water. Swims 
 quick. 
 
 6. Kolofericeus. Scarlet Spider. Like the laft. 
 
 On the ground, and on plants, ''j. I k 
 
 7. Coleoptratorum. Beetle Tick, Tawny. Anus 
 
 whitiih. Length i line. 1 have found 
 2 or 300 on the Belly of one Beetle. 
 
 8. Longicornis Head fharp. Abdorren 
 
 rounded. Antennae like Crab's-claws. 
 Abdomen deep red. Legs paler. Length 
 i. line. Under flones, &c. 
 
 PHALANGIUM. Legs 8. Eyes 2. 'Ab- 
 domen rounded. 
 
 1. Opilio. Long-legged Spider. Antennas an- 
 gular. Palpi 2, Jong, like Antennae. 
 Legs very long. Eyes on the top of 
 the Head or Thorax. Head and Tho- 
 rax both in one. Abdomen, above 
 brown, beneath white. 
 
 2 Cancroidcs. Scorpion Tick. Antennne cheli- 
 form. Thorax brown. Abdomen trani- 
 verfely ftriated. On garden pots, and 
 fometimes in houfes. 
 
 ARANEA. Spiders. Legs 8. Eyes 8. 
 
 J. Diadema Abdonien gibbous, rcd- 
 
 N 4 brown. 
 
I §4 INSECTS. APTE R-A. 
 
 brown, with \vhite fpots in the form of 
 a crqfs. 
 
 2. Cucurbitina . Abdornen gibbous, 
 
 green-ydlow, with black fpots. Ua 
 fruit trees. Raj, 20. 5. 
 
 3. Domeflica. ..;... Abdomen pale bro\yn» 
 
 with 5 black fpots. Somewhat hairy. 
 
 4. Labyrinthica. Thorax grey, with 
 
 3 longitudinal lines. Abdomei) brown, 
 with a longitudinal pinnated line. 
 Tail forked. Large. In fields. 
 
 'b 
 
 Hy^, Redimita - . . Abdomen oval, pale 
 
 yellow, with a crimfon oval crown or 
 ring on the Back. Legs long, white, 
 tranlparent. In gardens. 
 
 6. Montana Abdomen with grey 
 
 fpots ; fides white. Thorax and Legs 
 pale. Fore feet long, extended. 
 
 7. Ex^enfa Abdomen long, grecn- 
 
 filver. Legs livid, long, extended. 
 
 ^. Holoiericea Brown-livid, hz'iry. 
 
 Abdomen ovato-oblong, with 2 trun- 
 cated appendices, and 2 yellow tubercles 
 beneath. 
 
 9. Se.spciilata Eyes only 6. Yel- 
 
 lov/ifh, downy. Abdomen fub-cylin- 
 cricil, with quadrangular black fpots 
 on the anterior part, and yellow line^ 
 on the fides. Large. On walls, &c. 
 
 10. Scenica Blacky covered \\ ith 
 
 fhort filvery hair. Abdon-.cji fub-cyiin- 
 flrical, with 3 oblique white lines on 
 
 each 
 
JNSECTS. AFTER A. 1S5 
 
 each fide. Legs fhort, hairy, black 
 and white. Skips. On old walls and 
 windows. Weaves no web. 
 
 ^I. Aquatica Pale brown. Abdo- 
 men oval. Jaws black, large, ftrono-. 
 Length 5 lines. In lakes. Lives and 
 hunts at the bottom of the water, de- 
 vouring its food within a globule of air 
 formed by itfelf. Vide Geoffi-oy^ 645. 7. 
 
 |2. Viatica^ Thorax black-brown. 
 
 Abdomen large, yellow, with 2 brown 
 ipots. Four fore legs long, black and 
 yellow ; 4 hind legs fhort. Refembles 
 a Crab. Moves flow. Length 2~ lines. 
 
 CANCER. Legs 10 ; firft pair claws, or 
 pincers. Tail foliated. 
 
 f. Pagurus. Common Crab. Tail fhort. Ends 
 of the claws black. 
 
 2, Aianeus. Sea Spider. Tail fliort. Thorax 
 hairy, tuberculated, oval. Beak bifid. 
 Claws flender. Mer. Pin. 192. 
 
 «. Bernhardus. Bernard the Hermit. Tail long» 
 foft. Right claw brgeft. Length 2.1. 
 inches. Lodges in the deferted habita- 
 tion of Welks and other fheil-hfh. 
 Dale H^nv._4.^6. . JHer. Pin. 192. 
 
 ^. Gammarus. Lohfter, 
 
 5. Aftacus. Crayjijh. 
 
 ^. Squiila, Shrimp. 
 
 7. Pulcx 
 
lS5 INSECTS. AFTER A, 
 
 7. Piilex. Si-a Flea. Yellow. Eyes black. An- 
 tenna; 4. Body of 12 fegments. Legs 
 14. Length 7 lines. 
 
 S. Salinus Body oblong, larger than 
 
 a Loufe. Eyes dillant, lateral, pedun- 
 culated. Antennae taper, fhorter than 
 the Body. Tall filiform, the length of 
 the Body. Legs jo pair. In the Li- 
 mington fait water. 
 
 MONOCULUS. Body covered with a 
 cruft, or fhell. Feet made for fwim- 
 ming. 
 
 I. Apus Greenifh. Eyes 2, on the 
 
 crown, contiguous. Body covered with 
 2 (hells, or fcales. Tail fcaly, with 2 
 long hard briftles. Length 18 lines. 
 In fifh ponds and ditches. 
 
 J. Pulex. ...... Greenifh red. One Eye 
 
 in the middle of the forehead. Snout 
 pointed, and bent downwards. An- 
 tennas forked, fubdivided. Body com- 
 prefled and covered with a firm {hell, 
 Tail bifid, fubdivided. Very minute. 
 Frequent and numerous in ftagnant 
 water. 
 
 3. Quadricornis Grey-brown. One 
 
 Eye. Antennas 4. Body diminiflies 
 towards the Tail, which is long and 
 bifid, with 3 ox 4 ftrong hairs on each 
 fide. A bag of eggs on each fide of 
 the Tail. Length half a line. 
 
 4. Con" 
 
a » S EC T S. . A P T E R A. 187 
 
 1^. Conchaceus •. . Inclofed in a bi- 
 valve a{h-coloured Shell, from the aper- 
 ture of which it puts forth a number 
 of capillary Antennze, which it retradl.s 
 when taken out of the water. Length 
 - li line. In ponds and ditches. 
 
 ii.i. -' I d* 
 ONISCUS. Legs" i^^ Antennas taper. 
 
 Body oval. 
 
 J. Afilus. Sea Lou/f. Whitilh. Abdomen co- 
 vered with 2 3hellsj Tail femioval 
 
 ^. Entomon. Sen JVccd-Lctifei White. Eyes 
 , black.- Convex above, benejith flat, 
 
 margin acute. Antennai 4. Four hind 
 .,. pair of legs largeft, hairy. Body of 7 
 
 fegments. Length li- line, On the 
 
 coaft. 
 
 3. Aquaticus Afh-colour, An- 
 tennae taper, of 3 joints. Body of 7 
 fegments. Tail roundifla, with 2 bifid 
 appendices. Hind legs longeit. Length 
 2 lines. In clear fprings. 
 
 ,4. ^fcllus. Millepes, or IFcod-Loufe. Oval. 
 Tail obtufe, with 2 undivided briftles. 
 Various as to colour. Length 5 lines. 
 
 5. Armadillo Black, oval, bror.d, po- 
 
 liihed. Body of 10 fegments, the 
 edges of which are white, l^ail ob- 
 tule, without appendices. On being 
 touched forms itfclf into a perl. Under 
 Jloacs. 
 
 SCOLO- 
 
j88 I N"S E C T S. A P T E RiA.' 
 
 SCOLOPENDRA. Feet not lefs than 24. 
 Antennas taper. Palpi 2, jointed. Body 
 deprcfled. 
 
 1. Lagura Feet 24. Body oval, 
 
 brown. Head black. On each fide g 
 tufts of hair. Tail a white pencil. 
 Length 1^ line. Under the bark of 
 old trees. 
 
 2. Forficata Feet 30. Segments 9. 
 
 Tawny, fmooth. Antennae of 42 joint*. 
 Length I inch» Runs fwift. Under 
 ftones. 
 
 3. Ele6lrica Feet 140. Very flat. 
 
 Tawny, with a black longitudinal line 
 on the Back. Segments 70. Joints of 
 the Antennae 17. Shines in the dark. 
 
 JULUS. Feet, on each fide double the 
 number of the fegments of the Body. 
 Antennas beaded. Palpi 2, jointed. 
 ■ ;, Body femicylindrical. 
 
 J. Terreftris Feet 200. Black, po- 
 
 lifhed. Length 5 lines. Under floiies^ 
 Geoff". 679. 
 
 2. Sabulofus Feet 240. Afl;-coIour. 
 
 CLASS 
 
VERMES. IN TEST IN A. iS^ 
 
 CLASS VI. 
 
 VERMES. 
 
 No diftin£l Head, no Ears, no Nofe j in general, 
 *, no Eyes, no Legs. 
 
 L I N T E S T I N A. 
 - iNaked, fimple, without Limbs. 
 
 ^•"^'tJORDIUS. Filiform, equal, fmooth. 
 
 1. Aquaticus Like a horfe-hair. Ex- 
 tremities black. In water and in clay. 
 
 T. Lacuftris. Piano- fpiral, convoluted, 
 
 fmall at each end. In the liver of the 
 Pike. 
 
 ASCARIS. Cylindrical, filiform, fmall at 
 . • the ends. 
 
 3'. Vermicularis Pale red. Mouth 
 
 tranfverfe. Tail much fmailer than the 
 Head. Length half an inch. At the 
 * * bottom of lakes, and in the inteftines 
 of children and horfes. 
 
 .. ■ 2. Lura- 
 
190 VERMES. iKTESTiNA.' 
 
 2. Lumbricoides , . Tail fomewhat an- 
 gular. Length of the Earth- Worm^ 
 In human inteftines. » ,^ 
 
 LUMBRICUS. Cylindrical, annulated, 
 rough.. A broad fiefliy belt. Lateral 
 pores. ... 
 
 1. Terreftris. Earth or Dew TVorm. Segments 
 
 100; 26 to 30 form the belt. Two 
 fpines on each fide of each fegment, 
 except the belt, all turned backward. 
 Three pores on each fide of the belt, 2 
 on the 1 2th, and 2 on the 14th feg- 
 ment. In the ground, .and in the hu- 
 man inteftines. 
 
 2. Marinus. Sea JVorm, From the middle for- 
 
 ward are 14 or 15 fegments, each com- 
 pofed of 4 or 5 fmall ones. On each 
 fide of thefe larger fegments are 2 tu- 
 bercles, with a fmall brittle in the' 
 center of each. Pofterior half fmooth, 
 with irregular ringlets, and minute, 
 punctures. 
 
 FASCIOLA. Flat, with a terminal and. 
 ventral pore. 
 
 1. Hepatica Gourd Worm. Oval, (harp before. 
 A whitiih longitudinal line on the Back, 
 with an oblong fpot in the middle. Re- 
 fembles the feed of the common Gourd. 
 In ditches, rivulets, and in the liver of 
 (lieep. 
 
 2. In- 
 
VERMES. INTESTINA. I9I 
 
 2. Inteftinalis Long, narrow, fur- 
 
 rowed longitudinally, not jointed. In 
 the inteftines of fifhes. 
 
 3. Barbata White, oblong, fize of 
 
 a Cucumber-feed. Mouth with tranf- 
 verfe papilize. In the inteftines qf the 
 Sepia lolrgo. 
 
 • .. HIRUDO. Subcylindrical, truncated at 
 each end. 
 
 T. Medicinalis. Common Leech. Smooth. De- 
 prefled, blackifh, with 6 yellow lines 
 on the back. In fliallow waters. 
 
 2. Sanguifuga, Harfe Leech. Brown, deprefTed j 
 
 lateral margin yellow. In frefh water. 
 
 3. Geometra Cylindrical. Black- 
 
 brown. Extremities dilated. Length 
 half an inch. In frefh water. 
 
 4.. Muricata. Sea Leech. Covered with fmall 
 tubercles. Inthefea. Dale Harw. t^c^-^. 
 
 MYXINE. Cylindrical, with a ridge be- 
 neath. Mouth. terminal. Jawspinnated, 
 with I tooth in the upper, and feveral 
 in the under Jaw. No Eyes. 
 
 I. Glutinofa Back black-green. 
 
 Sides yellowifii. Belly white. Sir.e of 
 the Dev/ Worm, and annulated. h\ 
 the Sea. 
 
 II. MOL- 
 
192 VERMES. mOhLUSZA. 
 
 H. M O L LU SEA. 
 
 Simple, naked, without Shell, but not enr- 
 tirely without Limbs. 
 
 LIMAX. Oblong. A common aperture' 
 on the right fide. Tentacdla 4, above 
 the Mouth. 
 
 1. Ater. Black Snail. Back furrowed. Belly 
 
 grey. Length 3 inches. In moitt 
 ihady places. 
 
 2. Rufus. Red Snail. Back red-brown. Belly 
 
 yellow. At the foot of mountains. 
 
 3. Maxrmus. Large Grey Snailj Deeply fur- 
 
 rowed, ftriatedj and fpotted with brown. 
 Largeft of this genus. In' thick woods^ 
 &c. 
 
 4. Agreftis. Small Grey Snail. Immaculate. 
 
 Length half an inch. On Cabbagesj&c, 
 
 5. Flavus. Jmber Snail, With white fpots. 
 
 Length i~ inch. On plants. 
 
 APHRODITA. Body oval, with many' 
 Legs. Mouth terminal, cylindrical, re- 
 traiSlile, with 2 taper tentacula. 
 
 I. Aculeata. Sea Moufe. Covered with hair, 
 mixt with fharp prickles ; that on the 
 fides, blue-green-gold. Legs 72, with 
 a fin to each foot. Length 4 inches. 
 Breadth 14. Dale Harw. 394. Phil. 
 
 Trmf. 
 I 
 
Vermes, m o l l u s c a* 19 j 
 
 Tranf. N". 225. p. 405. Found at 
 * Dublin in the ftomach of a Cod. 
 
 NEREIS. Body long, with lateral pencil- 
 led Tentacula. Mouth terminal, un- 
 guiculated. 
 
 i. Nodliluca Segnrents 23. Scarce 
 
 vifible to the naked eye. Shines by 
 night in the fea, fo as to make the wa- 
 ter feem on fire. 
 
 2. Acuftris Size of a fmall Briftle, 
 
 pellucid, as if jointed, with a Foot on 
 each fide of each joint. In clayey wa- 
 ter. 
 
 LERNiEA. Body oblong, cylindrical ; 
 Tentacula like arms or branches, with 
 which it fixes to other animals. 
 
 1. Cyprinacea Body iflues from 2 
 
 {heath; Tentacula 4, 2 of which are 
 luuated. Length half an inch. In 
 filh ponds, adheres to the fides of Carp. 
 
 2. Salmoneai ...... Body obovate. Tho- 
 
 rax obcordate. Tentacula 2, filiform, 
 as long as the Body. Ovaria at the end 
 of the Abdomen, granulous, and as 
 large as the whole Body. Adheres to 
 the gills of Salmon. 
 
 3. Afellina Body lunated. Tho- 
 
 rax cordate. Tail double, cylindrical. 
 In the gills of Cod, &c. 
 
 O SEPIA 
 
194 VERMES, MOLLUSC A, 
 
 SEPIA. Body fleftiy, like a vagina or 
 fheath, receives the Neck or Breaft. 
 Arms 8. Tentacuia 2, very long. 
 Mouth terminal, horny. Eyes ? be- 
 neath the Arms. 
 
 1. Officinalis. Ink or Cuttle Fljh. Arms pointed 
 
 and covered on the inner fide with tu- 
 bercles. Tentacuia broad at the end, 
 and longer than the Body. Length 6 
 inches. In the fea. 
 
 2. Loligo. Sea Sleeve. Body angular, and point- 
 
 ed at the bafe. Arms narrower than in 
 the former. Length 8 inches. Dale 
 Harw. 392. 
 
 MEDUSA. Body gelatinous, orbicular, 
 deprefied. Mouth beneath, central. 
 Inhabit the fca. 
 
 1. Cruciata Margin entire. In the 
 
 center a white crofs. Diameter i inch. 
 
 2. Aurita. Sea Nettle. Convex above, concave 
 
 beneath. Margin fr-ingcd. On the 
 under Side 4 arched cavities furrounded 
 by an opake line, compofed of more 
 than 20 dots. On the upper furfacc 
 pale veins. 
 
 3. Capillata. Sea Lungs. Orbicular, convex. 
 
 Margin regularly divided into 16 feg- 
 
 ments. 
 
 ASTERIAS. 
 
•V ]E It* »t g" s." *r E s f a: (ft a: 195 
 
 ASTERIAS. Form of a ftar. DeprcfTed. 
 Mouth in the center. 
 
 1,. Ruber^s. Five fingered Star FiJJ). Reddifli 
 ■ " *' white. ' Above cOver(?'d With fnft fpines. 
 
 v/lj nU }^eneath- a ^quadruple row of papillae. 
 Diameter 5 inches. Dale Harw. 436. 
 .f'^ ■ Mer. Pm. igi. Foffiie,. called 5^w^- 
 ov'.-i borough Star Stone. 
 
 2'. Ophiura. . ., . : .- . Body, in proportion, 
 broader, and rays, which are aifo 5 in 
 
 ' ' • nLLmbec, much fhorcer than in the laft 
 fpecies. XXj/i? /fbrw. 436. 
 
 ^^n ECHINUS. Body roundifli, covered with, 
 i» . a bony crult, with moveable fpines. 
 
 ?• Mouth beneath, of 5 valves. 
 
 I. Efculentus. Sea Hedge- hog. Shell hem.ifphe- 
 rical, bluifh-red. Ten feries of am- 
 bulacra or fpines, with white points. 
 
 x! ■ Apertures roundifti. Anus vertical. 
 
 Diameter 1 4 inch. On the coaft near 
 
 ! Scarborough. 
 
 2» Spatagus. Sea Egg: Oval, comprefTed* 
 From the center 4 radii, compofed of 
 4 feries of perforated puniStures. Aper- 
 
 , ture of the Anus beneath. On the 
 
 Yorklhire coaft. 
 
 /: ■ 
 
 in. TESTACEA. 
 
 Inclofed in a hard fhell, of one or more 
 parts or valves, ,^nd moveable by the animal. 
 
 O 2 LEPAS. 
 
196 VERMIS. TESTACEA. 
 
 LEPAS. Shell of many unequal valves fixed 
 at the bafe. Animal Triton. 
 
 1. Balanus Shell conic, furrowed, 
 
 fixed. Valves 4, pointed. On the 
 fea-Oiore. 
 
 2. Balanoides. Small Balanus^ or Jcorn fijh. 
 
 Grey. Valves 6, flriated, obtufe. Size 
 of a nut. Frequently adheres to Oi- 
 fters. 
 
 3. Tintinabulum Shell conic > 
 
 rough, obtufe, fixed. Like the laft> 
 but thicker. 
 
 4. Anatifera. Barnacle. Shell comprefled, fmooth, 
 
 of 5 valves, 2 of vi^hich are larger than 
 the reft. Fixed generally to old w^ood 
 in the fea, by a pedicle, like a gut, a- 
 bout I inch in length. 
 
 PHOLAS. Shell bivalve, divaricated, vi^ith 
 fmaller irregular accefiary valves at the 
 hinge, which is recurved and connected 
 by a cartilage. Animal Afcidia. 
 
 1. Dadylus. Puhlock. Shell rough, ftriated 
 
 longitudinally and tranfverfely j fhape 
 irregular, the hinge nearer the end, 
 which extends into a kind of beak. 
 Length 2 1 inches. Breadth i 4.. In 
 ftones, particularly in the Ludus Hel- 
 montii. Shines by night. 
 
 2, Candidus Shell oblong, rough, 
 
 ftriated both ways, white, diaphanous, 
 
 thin. 
 
TERMES. TESTACEA. I97 
 
 thin, fragile. Hinge neareft one end. 
 Length li inch. 
 
 3. Crifpata Shell divided tranf- 
 
 verfely by a deep furrow ; one half gib? 
 bous, ftriated, rough, with a long beak, 
 the other plain, fmooth, with a thin 
 edge. Hinge with a curved tooth. 
 Open at either end. Length 1 4 inch. 
 Breadth li. Frequent on the York- 
 ftiire coaft. 
 
 MYA. Shell bivalve, open at one end. 
 Hinge with a broad thick tooth, not let 
 into the oppofite valve. 
 
 1. Truncata Shape irregular, fome- 
 
 what oval. Hinge obtufe. Length i^- 
 inch. Breadth i inch. Often found 
 in a foffile ftate. In the fea. 
 
 2. Piflorum Oval. Pale green. 
 
 Somewhat pointed. Hinge very near 
 the obtufe end. Length i i inch; 
 Breadth 4- inch. In rivers. 
 
 T 
 
 2. Margaritifera Oval, black, thick, 
 
 heavy. Tooth of the hinge, fmooth, 
 conic. Within whitifh, with a dou- 
 ble cicatrice. Length 54- inches. 
 Breadth 2~. In rivers. 
 
 SOLEN. Shell bivalve, oblong, open at 
 each end. Hinge with a fmglc, or 
 double, conic bent tooth, not let into 
 the oppofite valve. Animal Jfcida. 
 
 O 3 ' I. Sili*. 
 
1^8. VERMES. TESTACEA. 
 
 1. Siliqua. . . . T . . . Brown, linear, ftrait, 
 
 truncated at each end. "Striated botli 
 waysj and a diagonal line. Hinge at 
 one angle, connedled by a membrane. 
 Length 6 inches. Breadth not quite 
 an inch'. Frequent on the fliore near 
 Scarborough, 
 
 2. Enfis Differs from the laft in be- 
 
 ing much lefs, and a little curved. 
 
 TELLINA. Bivalve. In the fore part of 
 
 one lliell a convex, in the other a con- 
 cave fold. Hinge of three teeth. Ani- 
 mal, Tethys. 
 
 1. Trifafciata Oval, comprelTed, 
 
 rediiifli-virhite, vi^ith 3 crimfon rays from 
 the hinge to the circumference. Pubes 
 wrinkled. Vulva ovata. Length 1 inch. 
 iBreadth |. inch. 
 
 2. Carnaria. « . -. . . . Suborbicular, fmooth, 
 
 recldifh- white, obliquely ftriated. With- 
 in red. Length I inch. Breadth |.inch. 
 Dale Hafiv. 387. 
 
 3. Cornea Globous, fmooth, horn 
 
 colour, with a tranfverfe furrow. Size 
 of a large pea. In pools of freih water, 
 
 CARDIUM. Bivalve. Valves equal. 
 Hinge with middle teeth alternate, 
 lateral teeth remote, and let into a 
 groove in the oppohtc valve. Shape of 
 a heart. Animal Tethys. 
 5 I. Echi- 
 
VERMES. TESTACEA* I99 
 
 I. Echinatutn White, with about 
 
 20 ridges, and a row of curved fpines 
 on each ridge. Breadth i-i inch. 
 Length fomewhat lefs. On the York- 
 fliire coaft. 
 
 2* Edule. Common Cockle. Ridges 26. 
 
 MACTRA. Bivalve, Inequilateral, equi- 
 valved. Middle tooth of the hinge com- 
 plicated with an adjacent groove. Ani- 
 mal, Tethys. 
 
 I, Solida Opaque, fubrotund. One 
 
 valve convex, the other a little com- 
 prefled. Yellowifh white. Concentric 
 curved tranfverfe lines on the furface. 
 Margin entire. Breadth i-i inch. On 
 the Yorkfliire coaft. 
 
 DONAX. Bivalve. Anterior margin very 
 obtufe. Hinge with 2 teeth. Animal, 
 Tethys, 
 
 a, Trunculus Within purple. Mar- 
 gin ferrated. Hinge neareft the fmall 
 end. Strise from the hinge, eroded by- 
 deep concentric tranfverfe lines. From 
 the hinge to the oppofite margin half an 
 inch. Breadth not quite i inch. On 
 the coaft near Scarborough. 
 
 VENUS, Bivalve. Anterior margin in- 
 cumbent. Hinge with 3 teeth. Vul- 
 va y Anus diftinil. 
 
 O 4. I. Merce- 
 
iOO VERMES. T E S T A C E A.^ 
 
 > 
 i, Mjrccnaria. ..,.,;• Heart-fhaped, thick, 
 ponderous, fmooth, with a few tranf- 
 verfe ftriac. Margin ferrated. Internal 
 margin purple. Liji Angl. t. 8. f. 33. 
 
 2. Borealis Subrotund, thin, fra- 
 gile and very fhallow. Seven or eight 
 concentric tranfverfe curve lines, di- 
 ftant from each other. Diameter i-y 
 iljch. 
 
 OSTREA. Bivalve, inequivalve. Hinge 
 without teeth, with an oval cavity. 
 Vulva anufue nulla. Tranfverfe ftriae. 
 
 I. Maxima. Large Scallop, Longitudinal ridges 
 14. One valve a little convex, the 
 other plane. Auricles equal, re<ftan- 
 gular, ftriated. Reddifti, clouded. 
 Diameter about 4 inches. On the Irifli 
 coaft, and near Portland. 
 
 7., Obliterata. Small Scallop. Outfide fmooth, 
 purpiifh red ; infide yeilowifti purple, 
 with 24 longitudinal double radii. 
 Length i~ inch. Dale Harw. 383* 
 On the beech near Laijdguard fort. 
 
 3. Edulis. Common Oijler, 
 
 ANOMIA. Bivalve j one gibbous at the 
 bafe, the other plain, and lefs. Hinge 
 without teeth. Foflile in this king- 
 dom. 
 
 I. Gryphus Oblong, fmooth. The 
 
 under fhell is confiderably curved up- 
 5 wards 
 
TERMES. TESTACEA. 201 
 
 wards near the hinge. Length 2^ 
 inches. 
 
 2. Pedlen. ; . . . ^ . Semiorbicular. On one 
 
 valve many longitudinal ftriae. Thefe 
 (hells, or imprefHons of them, are found 
 in black ftones in coal mines. Breadth 
 1 inch. 
 
 3. Truncata Auriculae large. Lon- 
 
 gitudinal ftriae extreamly fine and nu- 
 merous. Hinge ftraight. Length half 
 an inch ; breadth |. In limelt-ones. 
 
 4. Crifpa. ....... Subtriangular, rough, 
 
 plicated, the middle fold larger and 
 deeper than the reft. On one fide a 
 kind of beak or point. Diameter i inch. 
 In bluifli lime-ftone, in Craven and 
 other parts. 
 
 5. Lacunofa Size of a large hazel- 
 
 nut, of 3 lobes. Valves plicated at the 
 apex. One valve with deep cavities, 
 tridentate at the apex. 
 
 6. Terebratula Rounded at one end, 
 
 and fharp at the other. One valve with 
 3 folds, the other with 2. Length near 
 1 inch. 
 
 7. Spinofa With fpines as long as 
 
 the (hell. 
 
 MYTILUS. Bivalve, rough, generally 
 fixed to the Bijfus. Hinge without 
 teeth, diftind, with a fubulated hollow 
 longitudinal line. 
 
 I. Litho- 
 
102 VERMES. TESTACiEA, 
 
 I, Lithophagus "White, glofly, fof- 
 
 iil, filled with a yellow earthy ftone. 
 Length 2 inches. Thick half an inch. 
 
 1. Rugofus Rounded at one end, 
 
 and truncated at the other. A line pa- 
 rallel with the margin. Length i inch. 
 Breadth half an inch. 
 
 3. Edulis. Common Mufcle. 
 
 4. Cygneus Oval. Outfide green- 
 
 ifh, within filver^white. Both valves 
 very thin, and in fome degree tranf- 
 parent. Length 5 inches. Breadth 24* 
 In many lakes in the North, Liji, 
 Angl, afp, 9. t. I. f. 3. 
 
 CYPRiEA. A fingle fhell, involuted, 
 oval, obtufe, fmooth. Aperture denr 
 tated, longitudinal. Animal Limax, 
 
 ). Stolida. Northumberland G owry . Grey, with 
 quadrangular brown fpots on each fide. 
 Siz,e of a Sparrow's egg. 
 
 BUCCINUM. A fingle fiiell, fniral, gib- 
 bous. Aperture oval, ending in a 
 dexter cavity. Lip expanded oh th^ 
 inner fide. Animal Limax. 
 
 I. Lapillus. Larger Englijh Purple F'ljh. Whit- 
 ifh, thick, ponderous. Volutions 5. 
 Aperture not large. Lips thick, fer- 
 rated. Beak fiiort, notched. Length 
 j^ inch. On the fhore. 
 
 2. Un- 
 
VERMES. TESTACEA. 203 
 
 2. tJndatum Thick, ponderous ; 
 
 outfide reddifh btown ; within reddifti 
 white. Volutions 7, longitudinally 
 waved, tranfverfely ftriated. Aperture 
 large. Length 3 inches. 
 
 MUREX. A fingle fhell, fpiral, rough. 
 Aperture ending in a ftraight canula. 
 Animal Limax. 
 
 I. Corneus. Long JVelk. Thick, ftrong. Vo- 
 lutions 8, ftriated parallel with the vo- 
 lutions. Beak long. Length 2 inches. 
 On the coaft. 
 
 TROCHUS. A fingle Ihell, fpiral, fub- 
 conic. Aperture fomewhat angular or 
 roundifli, narrow at the top. Colu- 
 mella oblique. 
 
 1. Pharaonius. Top Shelly or Venus Bugle. Um- 
 
 bilicated, oval, ftriated ; with alternate 
 black and white fpots in tranfverfe 
 rows. Aperture and umbilicus dentat- 
 ed. Dale Harw. 381. 4. 
 
 2. Cornulus. Sfnall Umbilicated Top Shell. Size 
 
 of a waiftcoat button. Tranfverfely 
 waved and ftriated with brown. Vo- 
 lutions 5, with a raifed line or cord 
 between. On the Eaft coaft. Dale 
 Harw. 381. 
 
 3. Zizyphinus. Pyramidal Sea Snail. White, 
 
 with reddifli fpots in the middle of each 
 
 vqjuiion. 
 
2Q4 VERMES. T E S T A C f aT 
 
 volution. Somewhat like the laft, but 
 without cord. Dale Harw. 380. 
 
 TURBO. Shell fingle> fpiral. Aperture 
 
 orbicular, contraded, entire. Animal 
 Limax* 
 
 1. Littoreus. Periwincle. Volutions 5, flriated. 
 
 2. Duplicatus White, pyramidal, 
 
 like a fcrew. A double ridge along the 
 middle of the volutions, which are 
 about 12 in number. Length 3 inches. 
 
 3. Perverfus. ...... Yellowifti white, thin. 
 
 Volutions 7, contrary, i. e. from right 
 to left. Length ^ inch. Near the 
 trunks of old trees. 
 
 4. Mufcorum Oval, yellowifh, 
 
 pellucid. Volutions 6. Aperture com- 
 prelFed, narrow. Length i inch. On 
 old mofs-grown walls. 
 
 o* 
 
 HELIX. Snails. Shell llngle, fpiral, fub- 
 diaphanous, fragile. Aperture con- 
 tra6led, fubrotund, lunated on the in- 
 ner fide. Animal Limax. 
 
 I. Lapicida Brown or horn colour, 
 
 convex on both fides. Volutions 5, 
 with tranfverfe reddifh ftriae. Apex a 
 little prominent, perforated- Margin 
 of the volutions fharp. Aperture large, 
 oval, tranfverfe, and white within. 
 Diameter | inch, In woods in Lin- 
 colnshire, 
 
 2. Pla- 
 
VERMES. T£STAC£A« 205 
 
 2. Planorbis. Brown. Both fides 
 
 convex. Volutions 4, with a promi- 
 nent fharp margin. Aperture oval, ob- 
 lique, circumfcribed. Diameter |. inch. 
 In rivulets. 
 
 3. Vortex Black-brown. Voluti- 
 
 ons 5. Diameter y inch. Aperture 
 not circumfcribed ; otherwife like the 
 former. 
 
 4.,, Cornea Brown, with very ml- 
 
 , '* nute raifed ftriae. Volutions 4. Con- 
 
 r' cave on both fides. Diameter i inch. 
 
 Snail has red horns, and emits a crim- 
 fon liquor. In ftill rivers and pools. 
 
 5. Pomatia . Afli colour. Volutions 
 
 5. Aperture fomewhat lunar, reflex- 
 ed, with a deep external finus on the 
 left fide. Size of a Pigeon's egg. In 
 the South. Eaten in France. 
 
 6. Arbuftorum Yellow, fpotted or 
 
 marbled with white. Volutions 5, 
 with a fingle grey belt along the middle. 
 Aperture lunar, with a double margin, 
 fiddle fize. In fhady thickets, 
 
 7. Vivipara Black-brown, with 2 
 
 or 3 brown belts. Volutions 5. A- 
 pex pointed. Aperture round, near 
 which is a deep finus. In ftill river* 
 and pools. 
 
 f . Nemoralis. Common Garden Snail. Colour 
 various. 
 
 9. Stag- 
 
206 VERMES. TE«TAeEA,' 
 
 9. Stagnalis ' Ydtowifh, opacjue. 
 
 Volutions 6. Aperture very large, 
 oval. Apex flender, pointed. Length 
 i{. inch. In pools. 
 
 10. Putris. ....... Yellowifh, very th'm. 
 
 Volutions 3. Apex obtufe. Aperture 
 large, oval. Length 4 inch. In rivers 
 and pools. •-jij ^ 
 
 11. Tentaculata Olive colour. Vo- 
 
 lutions 5. Aperture oval, clofed hy a 
 valve, and the whole fhell covered by 
 an argilaceous cruft. In rivers and 
 pools. 
 
 12. Auricularia Yellowifh, pellu- 
 
 cid. Volutions 4, the 3 lower very 
 fipajl. Aperture very large. Length 
 I inch. In rivers and pools. 
 
 NERITA. Shell fingle, fpiral, gibbous.. 
 Aperture femiorbicular ; Lip tranfverfe, 
 truncated. Animal Limax. 
 
 1. Glaucina. S^a Snail. Reddifh white, fmooth, 
 
 thick. Volutions 5 ; the firft very 
 large, the reft fmall, with 5 belts fpot- 
 ted with brovi^n. Length not quite 'I 
 inch. On the (hore. 
 
 2. Fluviatilis Greenifh blue, thick, 
 
 ftrong, reticulated, fpotted. Volu- 
 tions 2. Size of a fmall pea. InriveK. 
 
 3. Littoralis Greenifh brown, re- 
 
 ticulated. Volutions 3. Apex a little 
 
 promi- 
 
.VERMES. T * S T A <: fi A.' 9.-Of 
 
 prominent. Length 4 inch. On the 
 fea fhore. Liji, Jngl.ib^, t. 3. f. 13. 
 
 HALIOTIS. Shell fingle, auriform, flat; 
 difk longitudinally perforated. Animal 
 
 Limax. - • ; 
 
 'I. Tuberculata. Sea Ear. Oval. Convex fide 
 reddifh brown, with fpiral ridges, and 
 6 or 7 'round holes. Concave fide mo- 
 ther of pearl. Length 4 inches 5 
 breadth 2|. On the (hore. 
 
 PATELLA. Shell fingle, fubconic, not 
 voluted. Animal Z/W;ic 
 
 1. Vulgata. Common Limpet^ or Pop Shell, Li- 
 
 vid grey. Conic with 14 obfolete an- 
 gles. Apex obtufe, and not in the 
 center. From the apex to the edge il. 
 inch. Diameter of the aperture 2 inches. 
 On the coaft. 
 
 2. Lacuftris Oval, fragile, pellucid. 
 
 Vertex pointed, reflexed. Diameter 
 4 inch. In the rivers Air and Warf in 
 Yorkfhire. 
 
 SERPULA. Shell fingle, tubular, ad- 
 hering to other bodies. Animal Tere- 
 bella. 
 
 I. Spirorbis Orbicular, fpiral, re- 
 gular. Volutions above inwardly fub- 
 caniculated, gradually lefs. Adheres 
 to fea weeds on the coaft. 
 
 SABELLA. 
 
2o8 VERMES. LITHOPHYTA^' 
 
 SABELLA. Tubular, compofed of par-- 
 tides of fand united by a membrane. 
 Animal Nereis, 
 
 I. Alviolata. EngUJh tubular Sand Coral. Com- 
 pofed of numerous cells. Animal half 
 an inch long. On the Yarmouth 
 coaft. 
 
 IV. LITHOPHYTA. 
 
 Coral, calcareous, fixed, built by animals. 
 Animal Mollufca, compofite, 
 
 MADREPORA. Coral, with cavities la- 
 mellofo-fteUated. Animal Medufa. 
 
 I. Muficalis Fafciculated, with co- 
 rals cylindrical, ftriated, diftant, con- 
 ne£led by numerous tranfverfe mem- 
 branes. On the Irifti coafl. 
 
 MILLEPORA. Coral, with turbinated 
 cylindrical pores. Animal, Hydra. 
 
 1. Fafcialis. Stony foUaceous Coralline^ Mem- 
 
 branaceous, of many branches, with a 
 great number of oval pores on each fur- 
 face. Found adhering to an Oifter- 
 lhell,on thecoaft of thelfleofWight. 
 
 2. Polymorpha Short, irregular 
 
 ramifications of equal thicknefs in all 
 parts, of a ftony, chalky appearance ; 
 fometimes livid red. Near Falmouth, 
 IfleofMan, Ireland. 
 
 CELLE- 
 
VERMES. ZOpPHYTA. 2O9 
 
 CELLEPORA. Coral, fubmembranaceous, 
 compofed of round cells. Animal 
 Hydra. 
 
 I. Pumicofa Appears, in the mi- 
 
 crofcope, like a pumice ftone. Found 
 on the Sickle Coraline, in irregular 
 lumps like white fand tenaceoufly u- 
 nited. 
 
 V. ZOOPHYTA. 
 
 Stem vegetating, and changing into an ani- 
 mated flower, or efflorefcent compoflte animal. 
 
 GORGONIA. Stem radicated, horny, 
 continued, branching ; bafe fpreadino- 
 and covered with a bark. Florets hy- 
 dra, proceeding from lateral pores. 
 
 1. Placomus. JVarted Sea Fan. Like the branch 
 
 of a crab tree, incrufted. Florets ftel- 
 lated, with 8 fetaceous rays. On the 
 Cornifli coaft. 
 
 2. Anceps. Sea IVilhw. Stem and branches 
 
 comprelTed, with porous calcareous 
 edges. 
 
 3. Flabellum. Venus Fan. Branches compref- 
 
 fed on the inner fide, and connefted by 
 intermediate necwork. Cortex yellow. 
 
 ALCYONIUM. Florets i:^Y/r^, between 
 the cortex. Epidermis veficular, po- 
 rous. 
 
 P I. Digi- 
 
2i0 VERMES. 20aPrtYTA. 
 
 1. Digitatum. Dead'TTKtn'i Hand. Without 
 
 ftcm, coriaceous, wrinkled, foft. VVhen 
 recent, covered with minute papillae, 
 • jvfrith a ftar of 8 points on the top of 
 each, and each point contains a poly- 
 pus with 8 fingers. Frequently ta- 
 ken up by fiftiermen trawling for flat 
 fifh, on the Kentifli coaft. 
 
 2. Schlofferi Subrotund, fiefhy, li- 
 
 vid, covered by a thin fkin. Florets 
 large, diflinft, but little elevated, ftel- 
 lated with 6— lO points, and with a 
 pore at the bafe. On the cornifh coafl. 
 
 3. Burfa. Sea Purfe. Subglobous, foft green. 
 
 JL. Ficus. Sea Fig. Lobed like the kn^s of 
 animals. Dark olive, fiefey, fmells 
 difagreeably. Infide full of yellow par- 
 ticles. Surface covered v^^th fmall ilars 
 of fix rays. Near Sheernefa. 
 
 SPONGIA. Stem radicated, flexile, bi- 
 bulous. Pores on rtie furface refpirc 
 ■ water. 
 
 1. Oculata. Branched Sponge. Branched, ir- 
 
 regular, erea, fine, tender, tranfpar- 
 ent, yellow, interwoven, inofculating, 
 comprefied. On the coaiL 
 
 2. Dicotoma. Forked Sponge. Green, erea, cy- 
 
 lindrical, dicotomous, wooly, of a com- 
 paa fubftance, tough. On the Corn- 
 ifli and Yorkfhire coaft. 
 
 3. Lacuf- 
 
VERMES. 200PHYTA. 3It 
 
 7. Lacuftris. Creeping Sponge, with erejSt, cy- 
 lindrical, obtufe branches. At the 
 bottom of lakes in Weftmoreland. 
 
 4. Fluviatilis. River Sponge. Green, ereft, fra- 
 gile, irregular, of many branches. In 
 the Thames, Cam, &c. 
 
 FLUSTRA. Stem radicated, covered with 
 cellular pores. Florets Hydra, ifTuing 
 from poriform cells. 
 
 I, Foliacea. Broad- leaved Horawrack. Branched, 
 foliaceous, membranaceous, flexile, 
 fpongy, with alternate arched cells on 
 each furface. Homy when dry. On 
 the coaft. 
 
 i^, .Truncata. Narrow-leaved Hcrnwrad. Leaves 
 truncated, and cells difpofed in longi- 
 tudinal lines. 
 
 3. Pilofa. Irregular Spongy foliaceous Coralline. 
 Cells in the form of inverted cones j 
 apertures fpinous, 
 
 TUBULARIA. Stem radicated, filiform, 
 tubular. Florets terminal, folitary. 
 
 1. Indivifa. Tubular Coralline. Like a bundle 
 
 of oaten ftraws. Tubes diflindl 5 or 6 
 inches long, filled with a reddifh liquor, 
 on the'extremitles of which are polypes 
 with plumed crefts. 
 
 2. Ramofa. Small ramified tubular Coralline. Ax- 
 
 illae twifted. On the extremity of the 
 tubes are polypes, like thofe found in 
 ditches by Monf. Trembley. 
 
 P 2 3, Fiihi- 
 
212 VERMES. ZOOPHYTAr 
 
 3. Fiftulofa. Bugle Coralline. Tubular, jointed, 
 
 progrelTively divaricated. 
 
 4. Mufcoides. Tubular wrinckled Coralline. Com- 
 
 pofed of a number of horny, elaftic, 
 fingle tubes, i or 2 inches long, and 
 about the thicknefs of a fine ftraw. A 
 crimfon polypus on the extremity of 
 each. 
 
 5. Campanulata. Creeping, with 
 
 campanulated tubes, and a crefted poly- 
 pus. Extreanily minute. 
 
 CORALLINA. Stem radicated, jointed, 
 thready, calcareous. 
 
 1. Officinalis. Coralline of the Shops. Fixed to 
 
 rock and fhells by ftony joints. Stem 
 pinnated by branches oppofite to each 
 other. Joints like part of an inverted 
 cone a little ccmpreffed. Surface co- 
 vered with minute circular cells. Co- 
 lour various when recent, but con- 
 ftantly white when dry. 
 
 2. Rubens. Crejled or Cock's-comb Coralline. 
 
 Like mofs growing in round tufts, re- 
 fembling a bird's creft, fpread fiat on 
 each other. White, red, or green. 
 The microfcope {hews the filaments to 
 be dichotomous. 
 
 3. Corniculata. White Jlender jointed Coralline. 
 
 Dichotomous, pinnated below, with a 
 kind of horn on each fide of the tops of 
 the lower joints. Adheres to fmall 
 Fuci. 
 
 SERTU- 
 
.VERMES. ZOOPHYTA. 21^ 
 
 SERTULARIA. Stem radicated, fibrous, 
 naked, jointed. Florets Hydra, one 
 at each joint. 
 
 I. Rofacea. Lilly fiaxvering Corallhie. Branches 
 alternate, with truncated oppc lite den- 
 ticles, and veficular florets like the 
 flowers of the lilly. On Orfteis. 
 
 '2. Pumila. Sea Oak Coralline. Branches irre- 
 gular. Denticles in pairs, oppofite, 
 with curved points. Veficles irregular. 
 Polypes on the extremity of both ve- 
 ficles and denticles. This little creep- 
 ing Coralline is found proceeding from 
 fmall tubuli, on the broad leaved iii- 
 
 ''■• dented Sea Oak Fucus, about Sheer- 
 
 nefs. 
 
 3. Operculata. Sea Hair. Grows in thick 
 
 tufts, the filaments of which, lie upon 
 the ground. Branches alternate. Ve- 
 • '- ficles refemble jars with covers. 
 
 4. Tamarifca. Sea Tarnarijk, Branches alter- 
 
 nate. Denticles oppofite. Veficles 
 fliaped like a top, with a fhort tube in 
 the center. In deep water at the en- 
 terance of .the harbour of Dublin. 
 
 5. Abietina. Sea Fir. Root wrinkled, tubular. 
 
 Stems ftiff", horny. Branches alternate. 
 Denticles alternate, with narrow 
 mouths. Veficles oval, with narrow 
 necks. On Oifters, Mufcles, &c. 
 
 6. Cupreflina. Sea Cyprefs. Denticles fubaciite, 
 
 and clofcly united to the liem. Branches 
 long, thin. Veficles bidcncate. 
 
 P 3 Ar- 
 
'214 VERM is. ZOOPHYfA.' 
 
 ' ^— - Argentea. Squirrel*} Tail. ErciSt, with 
 thick tufts of alternately denticulated 
 branches. Denticles pointed and curv- 
 ed inwards. Veficles like jars. Oh 
 Oifters, in the ifle of Sheppy. 
 
 J. Rugofa. Snail-trefoil Coralline. Roots irre- 
 gular, creeping, tubulous, adhering 
 to the narrow- leaved Hornwrack. 
 Branches irregular. Denticles alter- 
 nate, tranfvferfely furrowed, and fhaped 
 like the cones of the Fir. Veficles of 
 the fame fliape, but with 3 {harp Teeth 
 on the top. Near Brighthelmftone. 
 
 $. Halecina. Herring-bone Coraline. Eredl, tu- 
 bular, pinnated. Denticles alternate, 
 obfolete. Veficles oval. Refembles the 
 fpine of a Herrinig. 
 
 g. Thuja. Botile-hrujh, Coralline. Arifes from 
 horny tubuli, firmly adhering to Oifters. 
 Stem zigzag, branched at the top. 
 Branches forked, l^enticles clofe to 
 the branch. Veficles at the bottom of 
 the bi"anches, oval, covered. On the 
 northern coaft. 
 
 10. Myriophillum. Fheafant's-tail Coralline. Root 
 
 fpongy. Stem gibbous on one fide^ and 
 feathered on the other. Denticles like 
 cups, all on one fide of the pinnae. 
 Height 10 or 12 inches. In deep wa- 
 ter on the Irifh coaft. 
 
 11. F^lcata. Sickle Corallirie. Adheres to r6ck^ 
 
 by wrinckled tubes. Stem waved. 
 Branches pinnated and curved. Den- 
 ticles 
 
VIRMIS. ZOOPHYTA. 215 
 
 tides on one fide of the pinnae. Vef 
 ficles like jars. On the Kentifli coaft. 
 
 12. Pluma. Podded Coralline. Like the laft, ex- 
 
 cept that the denticles are fbaped like 
 the flowers of the Lilly of the valley. 
 From the branches arife little pods, in- 
 compafled with ftudded ribs. On 
 Mufcles, &c. near Dublin. 
 
 13. Antennina. Lobjier s-horn Coralline^ or Sea 
 
 Beard. Branches alternate, ftraight. 
 Denticles verticillated, quatern, beard- 
 ed. Veficles verticillated, with the 
 aperture oblique. 
 
 14. Vcrticillata. Horfe Tail. Branches alter- 
 
 nate. Denticles obfolete. Veficles 
 on twifted foot-ftalks, fhaped like cups, 
 verticillated ; cups denticulated round 
 the brim. Near Whitehaven. 
 
 15. Volubilis. Small climbing Coralline. Ve- 
 
 ficles like bells on the fummit of long 
 {lender flems, twifted round other Co- 
 rallines. 
 
 16. Syringa Twifted ftems, much 
 
 fhorter than the laft. Cups cylindrical. 
 Adheres to the Sea-fir Coralline. 
 
 17. Cufcuta. Climbing Dodder-like Coralline. Stems 
 
 no thicker than hair. Branches oppo- 
 fire, fimple. Veficles oval, axillary. 
 On the Podded Fucus. 
 
 18. Uva. Grape Coralline. Extreamly minute. 
 
 The microfcope (liews clufters of ovnl 
 P 4 veficles 
 
2l6 VERMES. ZOOPHYTA." 
 
 veficles like grapes attached to the 
 fiem ; thefe are polypes. 
 
 19. Lendigera. Nit Coralline. Stem jointed. 
 
 Veficles cylindrical, arranged like or- 
 gan pipes on one fide of the ftem. Mi- 
 nute. Climbs on Fuci, &c. 
 
 20. Geniculata. Knotted -thread Coralline. Stem 
 
 waved, jointed. Denticles alternate, 
 contorted. Veficles alternate, like jars 
 with a cover. Adheres to Podded Fu- 
 cus. Dover, Harwich. 
 
 21. Dichotoma. Sea-thread Coralline. Stem no 
 
 thicker than a fine thread, zigzag, 
 jointed, tough, pliant, with ringlets 
 at each joint, and a twifted foot-ftallc, 
 each fupporting an oval veficle, fome 
 clofed, and others open at the top. Oil 
 the fouth-weft coaft. 
 
 22. Spinofa. 5//,^ Coralline. Stem compofed of 
 
 filky threads, zigzag, with fliort fork- 
 ed branches. Irregular rows of pores 
 on one fide of the branches. Adheres 
 to ftones. 
 
 23. Pinnata. Sea Brijlle. Stem jointed. Branches 
 
 alternate, capillary, denticulated. Ve- 
 ficles fhaped like Olives, Grows on 
 Mufcles, like fliff briftles, which, 
 when dried, bend all one way. 
 
 24. Polyzonias.- Great Tocth Coralline. Den- 
 
 ticles large, oval. Veficles tranfvcrfely 
 ftriated. Stem flender, twifted. On 
 Mufcles. 
 
 25. Liche- 
 
VERMES. ZOOPHYTA. 2iy 
 
 25. Lichenaftrum. Sea Spleenwori. Stem up- 
 
 right, jointed, comprefTed, denticulat- 
 ed. Branches ftraight, alternate, den- 
 ticulated. Denticles alternate, obtufe, 
 numerous, and clofe prefied to the 
 branches. Near the harbour of Dub- 
 lin. 
 
 26. Burfaria. Shepherd' s-purfe CoralUne. Pearl 
 
 colour. Branches irregular, v/ith nu- 
 merous denticles, like brackets, onpo- 
 fite.. A figure like the head of a to- 
 ba'co-pipe on the top of each denticle. 
 Branches extieamly fine. On Fuci. 
 
 27. Loriculata. Coc:t of Mail Coralline. Grows 
 ^-*'"'" in large thick tufts. Stem and branches 
 3- are compofed of denticles or cells, op- 
 
 pofite, and obliquely truncated at the 
 top, which is broader than the bottom, 
 lile of Sheppy. 
 
 28. Faftigiatn. Soft-feathered Coralline. Appears 
 
 in its perftcl ftate like the branch of a 
 fV.rub, with many leaves or feathers. 
 Branches forked. Denticles alternate, 
 femicyliudrical, pointed, with a black 
 ■ fpot in -the middle. 
 
 29. Avicularia. Birds-head Coralline. Like a fea- 
 
 ther about i\ inch long. Branches com- 
 pofed of cells with a (harp denticle on 
 one fide, and a globular veficle like a 
 bird's head, wirh the bill wide open. 
 Very brittle. Near the harbour of 
 Dublin. ^ 
 
 2 30. Scru- 
 
llS TERMES. 200PHTTA, 
 
 30. Scrupofa. Creeping Stony Coralline. Branches 
 
 dichotomous. Denticles alternate, an- 
 gulated, fpinous. 
 
 31. Rcpens. Creeping Coralline. Branches di- 
 
 chotomous. Denticles alternate, bi- 
 dentated. Adheres to fhells. 
 
 32. Ciliata. Ciliated Coralline. Branches dicho- 
 
 tomous, ereft, with infundibiliform 
 cells joined at their bafes, and with 
 wide mouths bearded on the upper lip. 
 
 33. Eburnea. Tufted Ivory Coralline. Branched. 
 
 Cells arched, conjunct, gibbous, with 
 a neck not in the center. 
 
 34. Cornuta. Goat's-hom Coralline. Branches 
 
 alternate. Cells fmgle, fhaped like 
 goats horns inverted, with a circular 
 aperture, and a fingle upright hair near 
 the top of each. Very minute, 
 
 35. Loricata. Buirs-horn Coralline. Branches 
 
 alternate. Cells fmgle, like inverted 
 horns inferted into each other, with a 
 fhort hair on the top of each. Very 
 minute. 
 
 36. Anguina. Snake Coralline. Not branched. 
 
 Stem an irregular tube, from which pro- 
 ceed, here and there, fmall oblong tef- 
 taceous figures like fnakes without the 
 under jaw. 
 
 VORTICELLA. Stem fixed, vibrating 
 
 the ifloret in a vortex. Floret with a 
 
 2 vafcular 
 
vafcular calyx : mouth contra6lilej cir 
 liated, terminal. 
 
 1. Polypina. Clujiring Polypus Coralline. When 
 at reft appears like a bunch of grapes ; 
 but has a power of expanding into the 
 form of a little tree bearing large p6ar<> 
 "without leaves* 
 
 2* Anaftatica Compcfite ; florets nu- 
 merous, campatiulate. Stem rigefcent. 
 In frefh water, on fhells and plants. 
 
 3. Crataegaria. ,..*••• Compofite. Stem 
 branched. Florets globous. Tenta- 
 cula 2. In frefh water. 
 
 ^. Opercularia Compofite. Stem 
 
 branched. Florets oval. In frefli wa- 
 ter. 
 
 5. tJmbellaria Compofite. Stem 
 
 umbelled. Florets globous ciliated. 
 In frelh water. 
 
 B. Convallaria. . . . i . . Simple, gregarious. 
 Florets companulate. In frelh water. 
 
 y. Urceolaris Simple, pedunculated, 
 
 mouth dentated. In lakes. 
 
 HYDRA. Stem not fixt to any particular 
 fubftance. Gelatinous, with a fingle 
 Floret. Mouth terminal, environed 
 by feveral tentacula. 
 
 I. Viridis Tentacula 10. Short. 
 
 Green. In rivers. 
 
 2. Fufca. 
 
220 VERMES. ZOOPHYTA. 
 
 2. Fufca Brown. Tentacula 8. In 
 
 frefh water. 
 
 3. Grifea Grey. Tentacula 7. 
 
 long. In clear frefh water . 
 
 4. Hydatula. Tentacula 4, obfo- 
 
 lete. Like a pellucid bladder, with a 
 cylindrical neck. In the abdomen of 
 Iheep, fwine, mice, &c. between the 
 peritoneum and the inteitines. 
 
 5. Stentorea. Tentacula ciliated. 
 
 Body infundibuliform. In frefli water. 
 
 TAENIA. Body long, jointed, like a 
 chain. Mouth aiid vifcera to each 
 joint. 
 
 J. Solium. Mouths marginal, one in each 
 joint. In the inteitines of various ani- 
 mals. 
 
 2. Vulgaris. Common Tape Worm. Mouth la- 
 teral, 2 in each joint. In the intef- 
 tines of men and brutes. 
 
 GENE- 
 
GENERA, iS'c. 
 
 AEDOMINALES. 
 Acarus. — 
 
 ACCIPITRES. 
 
 Acipenfer. 
 
 Alauda. 
 
 Alca. 
 
 Alcedo. 
 
 Alcyonium. 
 
 Ammodites. • — 
 
 Ampelis. ■ 
 
 Amphibia. — 
 Anarchichas. 
 
 Anas. ' 
 
 Anguis. 
 
 Anomia. • 
 
 Akseres. — 
 
 Aphis. 
 
 Aphrodita. — 
 
 A pis. 
 
 Apodes. — 
 
 Aptera. 
 
 Ardea. 
 
 Aicaris. 
 
 Afilus. • 
 
 Afterias. 
 
 Auelabus. — 
 
 Balaina. 
 
 Blatta. 
 
 Blennius. 
 
 Bos. — 
 
 Buccinum. 
 
 Burobylius. 
 
 Bupreliis. 
 
 Byrrhus. 
 
 Callionymus. 
 
 78 
 
 182 
 
 10 
 
 64 
 
 45 
 26 
 
 19 
 
 209 
 
 68 
 49 
 
 59 
 68 
 
 21 
 
 61 
 200 
 
 20 
 124 
 192 
 168 
 
 67 
 180 
 
 ■ 33 
 
 189 
 
 178 
 »95 
 
 lOI 
 
 - 8 
 114 
 
 72 
 
 / 
 
 202 
 
 »79 
 
 107 
 
 90 
 
 - 69 
 
 Cancer. — 
 
 Canis. - 
 
 Cantharis. - 
 Capra. — 
 
 Caprimulgus. 
 Carabeus. - 
 Cardium. — 
 Caffida. — 
 
 Cellepora. - 
 Cete. — 
 
 Ceranibix. — 
 Certhia. 
 Cervus. 
 Charadrius. 
 Chryiis. 
 Chryfomela. 
 Cicada. — 
 
 Cicindela. 
 
 Cimex. • 
 
 Clupea. - 
 
 Cobitis. 
 
 Coccinella. 
 
 Coccus. — 
 
 Coleoptera. 
 
 Coluber. 
 
 Columba. 
 
 Colymbus. 
 
 Conops. 
 
 Coracias. 
 
 Corallina. 
 
 Corvus. 
 
 Cottus. 
 
 Cuculus. 
 
 Culex. — 
 
 Curculio. 
 
 185 
 2 
 
 • 104 
 
 7 
 
 - 58 
 ■ 109 
 
 198 
 
 - 92 
 209 
 
 - S 
 102 
 
 20 
 6 
 
 - 39 
 167 
 
 - 94 
 116 
 
 - 106 
 
 - 119 
 
 8z 
 
 • 78 
 
 - 93 
 
 - 127 
 
 - 8> 
 60 
 
 - 45 
 
 - 29 
 
 - 178 
 
 - »7 
 
 - 212 
 
 16 
 
 73 
 
 - iS 
 
 - ^77 
 
 - 97 
 
 Cyclop- 
 
( 2i2 ) 
 
 CytTopterus. 
 Cynips. 
 Cypra;a. 
 Cyprinus. 
 
 Delphinus. 
 Dermeftes. 
 
 DiPTERA. 
 
 J>onax. 
 Dytifcus. 
 
 Echinus. 
 Elater. — 
 Emberiza. 
 Ephemera. 
 Equus. — 
 Erinaceus. 
 Efox. 
 
 Falco. 
 fafciola. 
 felis. — 
 Fekm, 
 FJuftra. 
 Forficula. 
 .Formica. 
 Fringiila. 
 fillica. 
 
 Gadus. 
 
 Gallin.'e. 
 
 iGafterofleus. 
 
 Gobius. 
 
 Gordius. 
 
 Gorgonia. 
 
 Grall.^. 
 
 Giyllus. 
 
 G^rinuj. 
 
 6; 
 
 i6i 
 
 202 
 
 82 
 
 Q 
 
 88 
 
 170 
 
 «99 
 ic8 
 
 195 
 
 105 
 
 158 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 Si 
 
 10 
 
 190 
 2 
 
 210 
 
 »J3 
 
 169 
 
 5» 
 41 
 
 6p 
 
 42 
 
 76 
 
 72 
 
 189 
 
 209 
 
 33 
 1 14 
 
 9^ 
 
 Haematopus. 
 Haiiotis. 
 Hdix. — 
 Hemerobius. 
 Hemiptera. 
 
 Homo. ■ 
 Hippobofca. — 
 
 Hirudo. 
 
 Hirundo. — 
 
 Hifter. 
 
 Hydra, ■ 
 Hymenoptera. 
 
 Ichneumon. — 
 
 Intestina. — - 
 ■Jugulares. 
 Julus. ■- 
 
 Labrus. - — 
 
 Lacerta. — 
 Lampyris. 
 
 Lanius. — 
 
 Larus. 1— 
 
 Lepas. — 
 Lepidoptera. 
 
 Lepifma. — 
 
 Leptura. - 
 
 Lepus. — 
 
 Lernxa. - 
 Libellula. 
 
 Limax. — 
 
 Lithophyta. — 
 Lophius. ■ 
 Loxia. ■ 
 
 Lucanus. ■ 
 Lumbricus. • 
 
 Maftra. 
 
 46 
 207 
 204 
 J 6a 
 114 
 I 
 1-9 
 191 
 
 57 
 
 90 
 
 219 
 
 161 
 
 164 
 
 189 
 
 6^ 
 
 188 
 
 75 
 
 59 
 
 104 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 196 
 128 
 180 
 103 
 4 
 
 »93 
 156 
 
 19Z 
 
 208 
 
 — 64 
 
 - 49 
 88 
 
 — igo 
 
 - 199 
 
 Mad re- 
 
( 223 ) 
 
 Madrepora. 
 Mammalia. 
 Med u fa. 
 Meloe. 
 Mergus. — 
 
 Millepora. — 
 
 MoLLUSCA. — 
 
 Monoculus. — 
 Mordella. — 
 Motacilla. — 
 Mugil. ^^ 
 Mullus. — — 
 Murex. — 
 
 Mus. 
 
 Mulca. 
 
 Mufcicapa. 
 Muftela. — 
 
 Mya. 
 
 MytiliK. — 
 Myxine. — 
 
 NaNTE5. 
 
 Nepa. — — 
 
 Nereis. 
 
 Nerita. — — 
 
 Neuroptera. 
 
 Notoneda. 
 
 Onifcus. — 
 
 Oftrea. — 
 
 Otis. — - 
 
 Ovis. — 
 
 Panorpa. — 
 Papilio. — 
 Par us. — — 
 Passeres. 
 
 Patella. 
 
 Pecora. 
 
 208 
 • I 
 
 194. 
 
 IIZ 
 
 208 
 192 
 186 
 
 U2 
 
 53 
 81 
 
 77 
 
 203 
 
 5 
 
 173 
 53 
 
 3 
 197 
 201 
 191 
 
 61 
 
 118 
 193 
 206 
 156 
 117 
 
 187 
 
 200 
 
 42 
 
 7 
 
 161 
 
 129 
 
 56 
 
 ■ 45 
 
 207 
 
 - 6 
 
 Pediculus. 
 Pelecanus. 
 Perca. — 
 Petromyzon. 
 Phalangiuna. 
 Phalasna. 
 Phafianus. 
 Phoca. — 
 
 Pholas. 
 
 Phryganea. 
 
 Phyfeter, 
 
 Picae. — — 
 
 Picus. — — 
 
 Plearoneftes. 
 
 Pod Ufa. 
 
 Primates. 
 
 Procellaria. 
 
 Ptinus. 
 
 Pukx. 
 
 Raja. 
 
 Rallus. 
 
 RaDa. 
 
 Rccurviroftra. 
 
 Sabella. 
 
 Salmo. — ^ 
 
 Sertularia. 
 
 Scarabseus. 
 
 Sciurus. — 
 
 Scolopax. 
 
 Scolopendra. 
 
 Scomber. 
 
 Sepia. 
 
 Serpula. 
 Silpha. — 
 Sircx. •^— 
 Sitta. — — 
 Solcn. — — " 
 
( 224 ) 
 
 Sorex. — 4' Thoracici. • 72 
 
 Sparus. ■■ " — 75 Thrips. — 128 
 
 Sphex. — . 167 Tipula. — 171 
 
 Sphinx. " — 137 Trachinus.- 69 
 
 Spongia. • — 210 Trigla. — — — 78 
 
 Squalus-. < 62 Tringa. ■ — 36 
 
 StaphiHnus. — — 112 Trochus. 203 
 
 Sterna. — 32 Turbo. — — — 204 
 
 Strix. 14 Turdus. ■ — 47 
 
 Stutnus. ■ » 47 
 
 Sus. ■ ■ ■• 7 Venus. — — — ■ 199 
 
 Sygnanthus. — — 65 Vermes. ■ 189 
 
 Vefpa. . ■ 167 
 
 Tabanus. 177 Velpertilio. i 
 
 Taenia. — 220 Vcnicella. 218 
 
 Talpa. — 4 Upupa. — 20 
 
 Tellina. — ig8 Urfus. -' — 3 
 
 Tenebrio. —— 1 1 1 
 
 Tenthredo. 162 Yunx. • 18 
 
 Termes. 181 
 
 Tefta€ea. ■ ■ 195 Zeus. — 73 
 
 Tetrodon. '--■■ 65 Zoophyta. 209 
 
 Tetrao. — ~-. — 43 
 
 S P E- 
 
SPECIES. 
 
 27, 
 
 22, 
 
 Aberdavine. — 
 Acorn-fifli. - 
 
 Admiral. 
 
 Angel-fifh, 
 
 Ant. 
 
 Argus. 
 
 Afs. 
 
 Avofetta. 
 
 Awk. 
 
 Badger. 
 
 Barbie. 
 
 Barnacle. 
 
 Bafle. 
 
 Bat 
 
 Bee. 
 
 Beetle. 
 
 Bernard the heriTiit- 
 
 Bittern. — 
 
 Black-cap. 
 
 Black-game. 
 
 Black-legs. 
 
 Bleak. 
 
 Blinds. 
 Blind-worm. 
 Boat-fly. 
 Bounce. 
 
 Brambling. — 
 
 Bream. 
 
 Breeze. ■ 
 
 Buck. 
 
 Bog. 
 
 Bugkin. — 
 
 Bull-comber. 
 
 Bulfinch. 
 
 51 
 196 
 
 133 
 
 63 
 169 
 
 '3' 
 
 7 
 40 
 
 , 26 
 
 3 
 
 82 
 
 196 
 
 76 
 
 I 
 
 168 
 
 85, &c. 
 
 185 
 
 33 
 
 55 
 
 43 
 86 
 
 84 
 
 70 
 
 61 
 
 117 
 
 63 
 
 . 50 
 
 84 
 170 
 
 6 
 
 119 
 
 122 
 
 85 
 
 49 
 
 51 
 
 Bull. head. 
 
 Bunting. 
 
 Buftard. 
 
 Butcher-bird. - 
 Butterflies. 
 Butter-filh. 
 Buzzard. — 13, 
 
 Cabbage Butterfly. 
 
 Carp. . - 
 
 Cat; 
 Cacfifli. 
 Cod. • 
 Ccckle. 
 
 129 
 
 82 
 
 z 
 
 63 
 
 70 
 
 199 
 
 Cock of the mountain. 43 
 Cock of the wood. 
 
 Cockpaddle. 
 
 Coldfinch. 
 
 Cole-fifli. 
 
 Colemoufe. 
 
 Coot, i ' — 
 
 Coral. ' — 
 
 • 43 
 6> 
 55 
 
 7' 
 56 
 
 41 
 
 20S 
 
 Coralline. 
 
 211, 212, 208, 
 
 Cornllh Cough. 
 Corvorant. 
 
 Chaffinch. 
 
 Chaire. 
 
 Chatterer. 
 
 Cheven. 
 
 Chub. 
 
 Clock. 
 
 Crab. - 
 
 Crayfifh. 
 
 Creeper. 
 
 ■ 17 
 . 28 
 
 • 51 
 
 • 80 
 
 49 
 83 
 83 
 86 
 - 185 
 
 - 185 
 
 — 20 
 Cricket. 
 
( 226 ) 
 
 Cricket. 
 
 Crowbill. 
 
 Crow. 
 
 Cuckoo. — 
 
 Cuckow-fpit, infedt. 
 Curlew. — — — 
 Cuttle-filh. 
 
 Pab. 
 Dace. 
 
 Dead-man's hand. 
 
 Deer. 
 
 Diver. 
 
 Dog. 
 
 Dolphin. 
 
 Dor. 
 
 Doree. 
 
 Dormoufe 
 
 Dotrel. 
 
 Duck. — 
 
 Dun Diver. 
 
 Dung-hunter 
 
 Dunlin. — 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 116 
 
 34 
 194 
 
 Eagle. 
 
 Earwig. 
 
 Eel. 
 
 Eel-Pont. 
 
 Eft. 
 
 Emperor. 
 
 Ermine. 
 
 Erne. - 
 
 Falcon. — 
 
 Father-lafher. 
 Fieldfare. 
 Fincale. •— 
 Fire-flaire. 
 FisnEs. 
 
 Hi 
 
 10 
 113 
 
 67 
 
 71 
 
 59 
 132 
 
 • 3 
 II 
 
 13 
 
 73 
 48 
 
 83 
 62 
 
 67 
 
 Flaire. 
 
 Flea. 
 
 Flies. 
 
 Flounder. 
 
 Fly -catcher. 
 
 Foumart. 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Fritillary. 
 Frog. — 
 Frog-fifh. 
 Froghopper. 
 Froth-worm. 
 Fulmar. — 
 
 Gad-fly. — 
 Gadwall. — 
 Gannet. — 
 Gar-fifh. — 
 Garganey, 
 Glow-worm. 
 
 Gnat. 
 
 Goat. 
 
 Goat-chafer. 
 
 Goatfucker. 
 
 God wit. 
 
 Golden Eye. 
 
 Goldfinch. 
 
 Gowry. — 
 
 Goofander. 
 
 Goofe. 
 
 Grampus. 
 
 Grafs hopper. 
 
 Grayling. 
 
 Grebe. 
 
 Greenfinch. 
 
 Greenfhank. 
 
 Grey. — — - 
 
 Greenland Dove. 
 
 Giofsbeak. 
 
 Ground. 
 
( 227 ) 
 
 Groundling. 
 Grous. — 
 Gudgeon. 
 Guillemot. 
 
 Gull. 
 
 Gurnard. 
 Gy rfalcon. 
 
 Haddock. 
 Hake. 
 Hare. — 
 Hart. - 
 Hawfinch. 
 Hawk. 
 Heath Cock. 
 Hedgehog. — 
 Hedge Sparrow. 
 Hen-Harrier. - 
 Heron. ■ 
 
 Herring. 
 
 Hobby. 
 
 Hog. ■ 
 
 Holibut. 
 
 Hoopoe. 
 
 Hornet. 
 
 Horn-fifh. — ^ 
 Hornwrack. — 
 
 Horfe. 
 
 Horfe-tail. — 
 Hound-fifh. — 
 
 Jackdaw. 
 
 Jackfnipe. 
 
 Jay. - 
 
 Ink fifh. 
 
 Keftril. 
 
 Kingfilher. 
 
 Kice. — — 
 
 19 
 
 44 
 
 83 
 
 29 
 
 3' 
 78 
 12 
 
 7» 
 
 S 
 6 
 
 49 
 •3 
 
 — 43 
 
 — 4 
 
 — 53 
 
 — 1 1 
 
 — 33 
 
 — 82 
 
 — II 
 
 — 8 
 
 — 74 
 
 — 20 
 
 — 167 
 
 — 81 
 
 — 211 
 
 7 
 
 ■ 2J5 
 
 64, 63 
 
 — 17 
 
 — 35 
 
 — «7 
 
 — 195 
 
 — 12 
 
 — 20 
 u 
 
 Knot. 
 
 Lady-bird. 
 
 Lady-cow. 
 
 Lamprey. 
 
 Land Rail. 
 
 Lanner. 
 
 Lapwing. 
 
 Lark. 
 
 Launce. 
 
 Leech. 
 
 Limpet. 
 
 Ling. 
 
 Linnet. 
 
 Lizzard. 
 
 Loach. 
 
 Lobftcr. 
 
 Lough Diver. 
 
 Loufe. — 
 
 Lumpfifli. 
 
 Lyre. — 
 
 38 
 
 Mackrel. 
 
 Magpie. 
 
 Maid. 
 
 Mallard. 
 
 Man. 
 
 Martin. 
 
 Merlin. 
 
 Mew. 
 
 Miller's thumb. — 
 Minime. ■ 
 
 Minow-pink. 
 
 MifTel bird. — 
 
 Mole. 
 
 Morgay. 
 
 Moihs — 139 
 Mountain finch. — 
 Monk. 
 
 Q.2 
 
 17 
 
 62 
 
 I 
 
 - 3' 57 
 
 H 
 
 31 
 
 73 
 83 
 
 8? 
 48 
 
 4 
 
 63 
 
 137 
 
 - 51 
 
 63 
 Moor 
 
C 228 ) 
 
 Moor Game. 
 Moufe. 
 Mullet. 
 Mufcle. 
 
 -filh. 
 
 Needle- 
 Newt. ^ 
 Nightingale. 
 Nutcracker. 
 Nuthatch. 
 
 Oifter. 
 
 Old wife. 
 
 Orange-tip. 
 
 Ofprey. 
 
 Otter. 
 
 Ouzel. 
 
 Owl. 
 
 Ox. - 
 
 — 44 
 
 — 5 
 81 
 
 202 
 
 — 66 
 60 
 
 — • 53 
 
 — 17 
 »9 
 
 " 200 
 
 75 
 
 130 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 - 48. 49 
 
 14 
 
 = 7 
 
 Polecat. 
 
 Porpefs. 
 
 Ptarmigan. 
 
 Puffin. 
 
 Purple- 
 
 Purre. 
 
 Piper. 
 
 fainted Lady. 
 
 Pap-fhell. 
 
 Partridge. 
 
 Pearch. 
 
 Pearl. -- 
 
 Periwincle. 
 
 Pettychaps. 
 
 Pheafant. 
 
 Picked Dog. 
 
 Piddock. 
 
 Pigeon. 
 
 Pike. — 
 
 Pilchard. 
 
 Pinguin. 
 
 Pink. — 
 
 Pkife. — 
 
 Poor. — 
 
 Plover. 
 
 — 40 
 
 132 
 207 
 
 44 
 76 
 
 75 
 204 
 
 53 
 
 43 
 
 63 
 
 196 
 
 45 
 81 
 
 82 
 
 27 
 
 83 
 74 
 
 70 
 
 39 
 73 
 
 -filh. 
 
 Quadrupeds. 
 Quail. • 
 
 Rabbit. 
 
 Rat. 
 
 Raven. 
 
 Raw Pollock. -— 
 
 Redbreall. — 
 
 Red Eye. 
 
 Red Game. ■ 
 
 Redfhank. -^ 
 
 Redftatt. 
 
 Redwing. ■■ 
 Reed Sparrow. — 
 
 Reeve. — • 
 
 Reptiles. 
 
 Rib. 
 
 Ring Dove. 
 
 Roach. — 
 
 Rock-fifli. 
 
 Rockling. 
 
 Roller. 
 
 Rook. 
 
 Rough-hound. 
 
 Rofe Chaffer. 
 
 Roval William. 
 
 Rud. 
 
 Ruff. 
 
 5 
 9 
 
 4+ 
 27 
 
 20 2 
 
 39 
 
 78 
 
 - I 
 44- 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 7» 
 55 
 84 
 
 ■ 44 
 
 35 
 
 55 
 48 
 
 3^ 
 
 59 
 
 70 
 
 ■ 45 
 
 83 
 
 73 
 
 7» 
 
 17 
 16 
 
 - 6s 
 Sf 
 
 129 
 
 83 
 
 — — 76, 36 
 
 Salmon. — 
 Salmon-trout. 
 
 79 
 
 - 79 
 
 S2(nd 
 
( 229 ) 
 
 Sand Eel. 
 Sanderling. 
 Sandpiper. 
 Scad. — 
 Scallop. 
 Scate. — 
 
 Sea Adder. — 
 Sea Bream. — 
 
 Sea Calf. 
 
 Sea Crow. 
 
 Sea Cyprefs. — 
 Sea Devil. — 
 Sea Ear. -. 
 
 Sea Egg. 
 
 Sea Fan. 
 
 Sea Fig. 
 
 Sea Fir. 
 
 Sea Flea. 
 
 Sea Gudgeon. ■ 
 
 Sea Hair. 
 
 Sea Hedgehog. 
 
 Seal. . 
 
 Sea Lark. 
 
 Sea Loach. • — 
 
 Sea Louie. 
 
 Sea Lungs. — 
 
 Sea Mall. 
 
 Sea Moufe. — 
 Sea Nettle. — 
 
 Sea Owl. 
 
 Sea Pie. • 
 
 Sea Purfc. 
 
 S«a Sleeve. — 
 Sea Snail. 65, 
 Sea Spleenwort. — 
 Sea Spider, ■ 
 
 Sea Swallow. 
 
 Sea Tamarifk. — 
 §t-a Willow. 
 
 - 68 
 
 - 40 
 
 - 37 
 
 77 
 
 200 
 
 62 
 
 - 66 
 
 - 7S 
 
 - 2 
 
 - 3« 
 
 - 213 
 
 - 64 
 207 
 195 
 209 
 210 
 
 2'3 
 
 186 
 
 - 73 
 
 - 213 
 
 - »9 
 
 72. 39 
 
 - 71 
 
 - 187 
 
 - '94 
 
 - 31 
 
 - 192 
 
 - 194 
 
 - ^S 
 
 - 40 
 
 - 210 
 
 194 
 
 203 
 217 
 18; 
 
 32 
 213 
 
 209 
 
 Sea Wolf. 
 
 206, 
 
 Sea Wood-loufe. — 
 
 Sea Serpents. 
 
 Serpents. ■■ 
 
 Shad. 
 
 Shag. — — — 
 
 Shark. 63, 64 
 
 Shear-water. 28 
 
 Sheep. — — y 
 
 Sheldrake. 21. 2 
 
 Shelley 
 
 68 
 
 187 
 
 82 
 
 28 
 
 Shoveller. 
 Shrew-moufe. 
 
 Shrimp. 
 
 Skua. 
 
 Smelt. — — 
 
 Smew. 
 
 Snail. 
 
 Silkin. 
 Snake. 
 Snipe. 
 
 Soal. 
 
 Sol and Goofe. 
 
 Sparrow. 
 
 Spiders, 
 
 Sponge. 
 
 Sprat, 
 
 Squirrel. — 
 
 Squirrel's tail. 
 
 Stag. 
 
 Star fifli. — 
 
 Stare. 
 
 Starliflff. 
 Stickleb*ick. 
 
 Stint. 
 
 S:oat. -— 
 
 S;oc!;-Dcve. 
 Stone Ciiatrer. 
 Stormfinch. 
 
 00 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 32 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 192 
 
 SI 
 
 60 
 
 34 
 74 
 28 
 
 52 
 
 '83 
 210 
 
 82 
 
 6 
 
 214 
 
 6 
 
 195 
 
 47 
 
 ■ 47 
 
 76 
 
 39 
 
 3 
 
 45 
 
 55 
 
 Sturgeon 
 
( ajo ) 
 
 Stargeon. — 
 
 Sunfifh. — 
 Surmullet. 
 Swallow. — 
 Swan. 
 
 •Tape-worm. 
 Tarrock. 
 
 Teal. 
 
 Tench. — 
 Tern. 
 Tewit. — 
 Thorn-back. 
 Throftle. - 
 
 Tick. 
 
 Titmoufe. 
 
 Toad. 
 
 Tope. 
 Top-ihell. 
 Trout. 
 Tubfifh. — 
 Tunny-fifh. 
 Turbot. — 
 Turnllone. 
 Turtle Dove. 
 Twite. 
 
 Venus Bugle. 
 Venus Fan. 
 Viper. 
 Umber. 
 
 Wagal. 
 Wa fp. 
 
 64 
 
 65 
 
 11 
 
 57 
 21 
 
 220 
 
 30 
 25 
 83 
 32 
 36 
 62 
 48 
 182 
 56 
 
 59 
 63 
 
 203 
 
 79 
 78 
 11 
 75 
 37 
 45 
 52 
 
 203 
 
 209 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 Water-flea. 
 Water-hen. 
 Water Ouzel. 
 Water Rail. 
 Watcrwagtail. 
 Wheat-Ear. - 
 
 Weaver. 
 
 Weefel. 
 
 Welk. 
 
 Whale. 
 Wimbrel. 
 Whinchat. 
 Whiltle-fiih. 
 White Cap. 
 White Game 
 White Horfe. 
 White Nun. 
 White-throat. 
 Whiting. 
 
 — 42» 
 
 Whiting Pollack. — 
 Whiting- pout. — — 
 Wigeon. 1 
 
 Wood Chat. — — 
 
 Woodcock. 
 
 Woodcracker. 
 
 Wood-loufe. — — 
 Woodpecker. < 
 Worms. — '■ 
 WrafTe. 
 
 Wrvneck. 
 
 31 yellowhammer. 
 i63 
 
 99 
 
 4» 
 
 47 
 42 
 
 54 
 
 54 
 69 
 
 3 
 203 
 
 8 
 
 34 
 
 54 
 
 71 
 
 52 
 
 44 
 62 
 
 26 
 
 54 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 70 
 
 23 
 15 
 34 
 >9 
 
 187 
 18 
 
 189 
 
 75 
 
 55 
 18 
 
 50- 
 
 DERI- 
 
DERIVATIONS, 
 
 ABDOMiNALEs. From Abdomen, the Belly. The 
 4th Order of Clafs IV. Fifhes whofe belly-fins 
 are behind the pectoral. Page 78. 
 
 AcciPiTREs. From Accipiter, a Hawk. Birds of 
 the Hawk kind. The ill Order in Clafs IJ. Page 
 10. 
 
 Amphibia. Clafs III. Page 59. The Englifh word 
 Amphibious is too generally underllcod to require 
 explanation. 
 
 Apodes. From a priv. and tov;, pes, a foot. The 
 ift Order of Clafs IV. Containing thofe Fifhes 
 which have no belly-fins, which Linnasus confiders 
 as feet. Page 67. 
 
 Aptera. From a priv. and TTeooc, ala, a wing. The 
 7th Order of Clafs V. Without V/ings. Page 
 180. 
 
 Bellu^. From Bellua, a bead. The 6ch Order 
 of Clafs I. Page 7. 
 
 Cete. From K»t©-, Cetus^ a Whale. The 7th 
 Order in Clafs I. Page 8. 
 
 DiPTERA. From -T/T/ 6©", ^//^/(TAT, double, and tt€- 
 • for, ala, a wing. The 6th Oider of Clafs V. 
 
 Containing thofe infedls which have two wings. 
 
 Page 170. 
 
 Fer^-. From Tera, a wild beall. The 3d Order of 
 Clafs I. Page 2. 
 
 Galling. From Gallina, a. Hen. The 5th Order 
 of Clafs II. Page 42. 
 
 Glires. From G/is, a Dormoufe. The 4th Order 
 of Clafs I. Page 4. 
 
 2 Grall^e. 
 
( 232 ) 
 
 Grall^E. GralliS, ftilts. Having very long Legs. 
 The 4th Order of Clafs II. Page 33. 
 
 Hemiptera. From ti/j-Krvf, dimidius, half, and 
 frmoi'i ala, a wing. The zd Order of Clafs V* 
 Page 1 14. 
 
 Hymenoptera. From t//u«f, memhrana, a mem- 
 brane, TT'fof, aluy a wing. The 5th Order of 
 Clafs V. Page 161. 
 
 JuGULAREs. From Jugulum, the Neck. The 2d 
 Order of Clafs IV. containing thofe Fifhes whofe 
 lower fins are in the neck, before the pedoral. 
 Page 6g. 
 
 Lepidoptera. From Kn'sUt a fcale or thin plate> 
 and TTj?cf, aluy a wing. The 3d Order of CJafs V. 
 Page 128. 
 
 LiTHOPHYTA. From AlO©-, lafut a ftone, and 91/- 
 (tk;^ nature, fubftance. The 4th Order of Clafs VI. 
 Page 208. 
 
 Mammalia. From Mamma, a Pap, Breaft or Dug. 
 The I ft Clafs of the Animal Kingdom, compre- 
 hending thofe which fuckle their young. Page i. 
 
 MoLtuscA. Mollufca, a fipecies of nut with a foft 
 fhell. The 2d Order of Clafs VI. Page 192. 
 
 Neuroptera. From ysu^or, nert'tu, a nerve, and 
 TTSfoc, ala, a wing. The 4th Order of Clafs V. 
 Page 156. 
 
 Passer Es. From Pajfer, a Sparrow. Order th€ 6th 
 of Clafs II. Page 45. 
 
 Pecora, From Pectis, a flock of fheep, &c. The 
 5th Order of Clafs 1. Page 6. 
 
 Pic^. From Pica, a Magpie. T-he 2d Order in 
 Clafs II. Page 16. 
 
 PRIMATEJ. 
 
( 233 ) 
 
 Primates. From PrimaSf firft in rank, moft con- 
 fiderable. The ill Order in Clafs I. Page i. 
 
 Testacea. From Tejla a fhell. The 3d Order of 
 Clafs VI. Page 195. 
 
 Thoracici. From Thorax, the Breaft, or that part 
 of the body which contains the heart and lungs. 
 The 3d Order of Clafs IV. Containing thofe Fifhes 
 whofe ventral or belly fins are placed immediately 
 under the peroral fins. Page 72. 
 
 Vermes. From Vermis, a Worm. Clafs VI. Page 
 189. 
 
 ZooPHYTA. From Z^ov, an animal, and 'tvr/f, na- 
 ture, ftrudure, &c. The 5th Order of Clafs V. 
 Page 209. 
 
 End of Vo l. L 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 10 line 4. for Accipetres, read Accipitres 
 16 dele Frugilegus N". 3. 
 igz for Mollufea, read Mollufca 
 
'.■1,1 
 
 M-, , 
 
 > I 
 
 
 :' / 
 
 I'l 
 
 I'm" 
 
 '-I,' 
 
 t 
 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 ■1 
 
 
 'i 
 
 
 
 Ml , 
 
 \ 1 ■>,■■'■' 1 . 
 
 r'i 
 
 
 
 W-\^'' i;-si:: :;t'5ii