®fy B.3I. Hiii ICihrarg Nortti (Earnima §>tatr (Enllrgr This book was presented by B. W. Wells THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN FROM THE LIBRARY BUILDING. COMPENDIUM FLOJLE PHILADELPHIA: CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE I INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS POUND WITHIN A CIRCUIT OF TEN MILES AROUND PHILADELPHIA. BY WILLIAM P. C. BARTON, If. D. surgeon nr the r. states' navy, and of the naval hospital AT PHILADELPHIA; AND PROFESSOR. OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. IX TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. PHILADELPHIA : PUBLISHED BY M. CAREY AXD SOX. NO. 126, CHESNUT STREET. J. R, A. Skerrett, Printer. 1818. Eastern District cf Pennsylvania, to toit : BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the ninth day of July, in the forty -third year of the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1818, William P. C. Barton, M. 1). of the said District, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: "Compendium Flora: Philadelphicae : Containing a description of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found -within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia. By William P. C. Barton, M.D. Surgeon in the U. States' Navy, and of the Naval Hospital at Philadelphia; and Professor of Botany in the University of Pennsylvania. In treo volumes." In conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, entitled " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the au- thors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned ;" and also to the act entitled, " An Act supplemen- tary to an act entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learn- ing, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times there- in mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching historical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Blo!o~y £ POLYANDRIA. TILIA. HELIANTHEMUM. PORTULACA. CHELIDONIUM. SANGUINARIA. PODOPHYLLUM. ACTJEA. SARRACENIA. NUPHAR. NYMPH^EA. AQUILEGIA. C1MICIFUGA. ASCYRUM. HYPERICUM. ELODEA. MAGNOLIA. L1RIODENDRON. PORCELIA. CLEMATIS. ANEMONE. THALICTRUM. HYDRASTIS. CALTHA. HEPATICA. RANUNCULUS. BRASENIA. CYAMUS. VOL. II. (> KM ;♦» ( ^> r - 9, C 6 ] CLASS XII.— POLY ANDRIA : ORDER I. MONOGYNIA. 237. T1LTA. Gen. pi. 894. (Tiliacex.) Calix inferior, 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 5. Immature capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, cells 1 or 2-seeded ; mature capsule cori- aceous, globose, 1 -seeded, bursting at the base. — JSTntt. glabra. l. T.leaves suborbiculate, cordate, abruptly acumi- nate, narrow!}; serrate, subcoriaceous, smooth; petals truncate at the end, crenate, the style nearly equal to the petals \ nut ovate, subcos- tate. — Ventenat. T. Americana, Willd. T. Caroliniana, Wangh. Amer. 56. (Pursh.) T. Canadensis, Mich. Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 311. t. 1. Lime-tree. Linden-tree. Bass-wood. Spoon-wood. A well-known tree under the above appellations. Frequent on the country seats of this neighbourhood, and planted occa- sionally in the streets of this city. \ . May, June. 238. HELTANTHEMUM. Juss. Gen. pi. 326. (Cisti.) Segments of the calix mostly unequal, the % exterior smaller. Petals 5. Capsule, su- perior, 1 -celled, 3-valved, valves septife- rous in the centre.— -Nutt. canadense. 1. H. without stipules, erect; leaves alternate, erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, tomentose beneath; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; calicine seg- POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 7 ments broad, ovate-acuminate; capsules shorter than the calix. — WilUL and Pursh. Cistus Canadensis, L. Rock-rose. From ten inches to a foot high. Flowers large, yellow; pe- tals spreading. In dry woods, Jersey, every where common. Perennial. June. 2« H. without stipules, erect, powdery -tomentose ; ramuiiflo- leaves alternate, oblong, acute, rcvolute on the" 1 margin, tomentose beneath ; racemes very short, above sub-3-flovvered, calicine segments orbi- culate-powdery, capsules globose, the length of the calix. — Mich, and Pursh. Mecandra ramis alternis, Clayt. fl. Virg. 20. From a span to ten inches high. An ordinary looking plant, with very small flowers, also yellow. In sandy commons and fields of Jersey, about five or eight miles below the city, fre- quent. In a sandy, grassy lawn, Jersey, about a quarter of a mile south-east of the ferry, opposite Gloucester point ; very abundant. Perennial. July. 3. H. without stipules, erect, branched, finely pu- comnbosum. bescent; leaves alternate, lanceolate, hoary-to- mentose beneath ; corymbs fastigiate, crowded, many-flowered; calicine segments ovate-acute; capsules scarcely longer than the calix. — Mich. Resembles No. 2, exceedingly. Flowers sometimes apetal- ous, in which state it resembles Lechea major. Grows with No. 2. Perennial. June to August. 239. PORTULACA. Gen. pi. 824. (Portulacea.) Calix inferior, bifid. Petals 5. Capsule 1- celled, opening circularly. Recejrtacle un- connected, 5-lobed. — JWtt. 1. V. leaves cuneiform, flowers sessile. — JVilld. oieracea. Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 130. (Pursh.) 8 POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. Purslane. A well-known pot-herb, common in gardens and wastes. July. 240. CHELTDONIUM. Gei^ pi. 880. (Papaverace ( e.) Calix &-leaved, deciduous. Petals 4. Stig- ma small and bifid, sessile. Silique su- perior, &-valved, 1 -celled, linear. Dissejri- ment none. Seeds many, crested. — JSTutt, inajus. 1. C. leaves alternate, pinnate, lobate; umbels ax- illary, pedunculated. — Willd. Icon. FI. Dan. 542. Engl. Bot. 1581. Celandine. As well-known as the preceding", and equally common among 1 rubbish ; and, along- the banks of the Wissahickon and Schuylkill, appearing" to grow wild. It is however introduced, though completely naturalized. It is hardly necessary to mention the reputed power of the juice of this plant, which is so universally believed to cure warts. It is, for this purpose inefficacious. Perennial, May. 241. SANGUINARIA. Gen. pi. 878. {Papaveracece'.) Calix S-leaved, deciduous. Petals 8. Stig- ma sessile, ^-grooved. Capsule superior, oblong, 1 -celled, S-valved, apex attenu- ated. Receptacles £, filiform, marginal. — -Nutt. canadensis, i. S. leaves subreniform, sinuate-lobate, scape one-flowered. — Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 162. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 2. Blood-root. Puccoon. Indian Paint. Turmeric, fyc. This elegant plant is admirable for its delicacy, and inter- esting from the circumstance of its very early inflorescence. POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. The root is powerfully medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) On the edges of rich woods, every where common west of the Delaware. Perennial. April, May. 242. PODOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 879. (Ranunculacex.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 9. Stigma crenate, sessile. Capsule superior, 1 -celled, many- seeded, becoming an ovate berry. Recep- tacle unilateral, large and pulpy. — Nutt. 1. P. stem one-flowered ; leaves peltate, palmate, pcitatum. lobes cuneate, incised. Icon. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 24. May Apple. Mandrake. Wild Lemon. A very important medicinal plant, extensively diffused throughout the U. States. Fruit yellow, esculent and palata- ble ; leaves deleterious. About a foot or fourteen inches high ; stem supporting a single white spreading flower, and two large leaves. The leaves are frequently maculated with brown discolourations. The root properly prepared, is equal to jalap. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S ) In moist shady situa- tions, growing in great quantities together, every where com- mon, west of the Delaware. Perennial. May. .243. ACTJEA. Gen. pi. 877. (Rosacea:.) Calix 4-leaved, diciduous. Petals 4, often wanting. Style none ; stigma capitate. Berry superior, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds semi-orbicular. Receptacle unila- teral. — J\*utt. 1. A. leaves decompound ; folioles oblong, gradu- Americana. ally acute, cut-serrate ; raceme ovate, petals shorter than the stamens. — Pursh. A. spicata, Mich. A. rubra, Willd. enum. Herb Christopher. Cohosh. About two feet high. On the high banks of the Wissahick- on, not far from Germantown. Rare. Perennial, April, May. 2# 10 POLYANDRIA, MOXOGYNIA. 244. SARRACENIA. Gen. pi. 885. ( Plant* incerU sedis.) Calix double, exterior smaller 3 -leaved, in- terior 5 -leaved, both persistent. Petals 5, deciduous, erect, spreading from about the middle. Stigma very large and persist- ent, clypeate, covering the stamina, mar- gin pentangular. Capsule 5 -celled, 5-valv- ed, many-seeded, valves septiferous in the centre. — JVutt. purpurea. 1. S. leaves short, with an inflated gibbous tube, the mouth constricted, ventral-wing broad-arch- ed, appendix erect, subreniforin, cordate, muti- cate, sessile. — Mich, and Willd. Icon. Barton's Elements of Botany. Bot. Mag. 849. Catesby. Car. 2. t. 70. Side-saddle Flower, A very curious and elegant plant. Leaves hollow, and ven- tricose, generally half filled with water and dead insects. Flowers reddish purple. The old leaves often purple, and conspicuously veined with the same colour. In the low bogs and sphagnous marshes of Jersey, ten miles south-east of Phi- ladelphia. In the bogs of the woodlands ; very rare. Peren- nial. June, July. 245. NUPHAR. Smith, prodr. fl. grsc. 1. p. 361. (Hydrocharides.) Calix 5 or 6-leaved. Petals many, minute, inserted with the stamina upon the recep- tacle, externally nectariferous. Stigma orbicular, radiated, sessile. Capsule car- nose, many-celled, many- seeded, superior. — Nutt. advcna. 1. N. leaves erect, cordate, very entire ; lobes di- varicate, calix 6-leaved, stigma slightly umbi- licate, lS-radiate, pericarp furrowed. — ML ICew. 2d. ed. POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 11 Nymphsea ad vena, Willd. N. aritblia, Salisbury. Icon. Bot. Mag. 684. Willd. hort. berol. 38. Splatter-dock. From two to three feet high, with very large leaves. In great profusion on the marshy shores of the Delaware, Schuyl- kill, and all other waters in our neighbourhood, covering the shores for miles together in extent. Also in ditches, very common. Flowers yellow, globular. Perennial. July, August. 2. N. leaves cordate, lobes approximating, calix Kaimiana. 5-leaved, stigma incised, S-12-rayeu. — Jit. Kew. ed. 2d. Nymphaea Kaimiana, Bot. Mag. N. lutea, Kaimiana, Mich. N. microjjhylla, Pers. N. lutea, Walt. N. minima, Mulil., but not N. lutea, var. minima, Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1243. Small water Lily. Leaves floating, one -third as large as the preceding; flow--,' crs yellow, also floating; about half an inch in diameter. In a pool on the east shore of the Schuylkill, about a mile south of the falls ; very rare. I have not found it in any other locality. Perennial. July, August. 246. NYMPHiEA. Gen. pi. 886. (ffydroc/uirides.) Calix 4 or 5-leaved. Petals many, inserted upon the germ beneath the stamina. Stig- ma orbicular, radiated, sessile, nectarife- rous in the centre. Capsule carnose, many- celled, many-seeded, superior. — JYutt. 1. N. leaves orbiculate-cordate, very entire, sub- odoi a ta emarginate, the lobes divaricate, with a blunt point ; calix 4-leaved. — Jilt, and Willd. 12 POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA. N. alba, Mich, and Walt. Castalia pudica, Salisbury. Jeon. Bot. Mag. 819. Bot. Repos. 297? Fragrant water Lily, A very beautiful aquatic plant, with white flowers, which exhale a delicious fragrance. Leaves and flowers floating 1 on the surface of the water. In a ditch on the road to Gloucester point, and in ditches in Jersey ; rare. Perennial. July. ORDER II. DI-PENTAGYNIA. (2 to 5 styles.) 247. AQU1LEGIA. Gen. pi. 934. (Ranuncvlacex.) Calix none. Petals 5. Lepanthia 5, corni- culate, situated between the petals. Cap- sules 5, distinct. — Natt. canadensis. 1. A. horns straight, stamens exserted.— Willd. Icon. Bot. Mag. 246. ^ American Columbine. This is one of the most elegant plants of America, far ex- ceeding" in beauty the common foreign columbine, so gene- rally cultivated in gardens. From one to two feet high. Flow- ers scarlet and crimson, mixed with yellow. On the hjtfi rocks of the Schuylkill and Wissahickon, every where Amun ; grows frequently in crevices, where the roots seem tWiave no earth for their nourishment. Perennial. April, May. . | raceraosa. 248. CIMICIFUGA. Gen. pi. 193. (Ranunculace*.) Calix 4 or 5-leaved. Petals 4 to 8 deformed, thickish, sometimes wanting. Capsules 1 to 5, oblong, many-seeded. Seeds squa- mose. — Nutt. 1. C. leaves decompound, folioles ovate-oblong, incised, dentate 5 teeth mucronate, divaricate 5 POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAG YNI A. 1 3 racemes virgatcly paniculate, elongated ; flow- era sub-monogynous, capsules ovate. — Pursh, Cimicifuga serpentaria, Pursh. AcUea raccmosa, Willd. A. monogyna, Walt. Icon. Pluk. almath, t. 383. f. 3. Black Snake-root. Rich-weed, <§'c. A very fine looking- plant, from three to five feet high, bearing a profusion of white flowers, on numerous long spikes or racemes. The root is medicinal. In rich woods, very com- mon. Perennial. July. 249. ASCYRUM. Gen. pi. 1225. {Hyperica.) Calix 4-lcaved ; the 2 interior cordate and larger. Petals 4. Filaments disposed in 4 parcels. Capsule oblong, 1 -celled, S-valy- ed, included in the calix. (Styles % or 3.) — J\Tutt. 1. A. many-stemmed, diffuse; leaves lanceolate- muticaule - oblong, obtuse; corymb terminal, flowers sub- sessile, digynous; stem subterete. — JFUUl. A. multicaule, Mich. A. Crux Andrea, Pursh. Many-stemmed St, Peter 9 s-wort. Under twelve inches high; stems very numerous ; flowers pale-yellow, with narrow petals. In the woods of Jersey, very requent; also on the woody banks of the Wissahickon. Pe- [nnial. July. A. erect, branched; branches ancipital, leaves h y pemc Mo oblong, biglandulous at base; flowers terminal, solitary, shortly pedicellate, trigynous. — Willd, and Pursh, A. stans, Mich. About twelve or fourteen inches high; flowers large. The whole plant has the aspect of Hypericum. In the woods of Jersey with Xo. 1, frequent, \ • July, August. POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYN1A. 250. HYPERICUM. Gen. pi. 1224. {Hyperica.) Calix 5-parted, segments equal. Petals 5. Stamina numerous, scarcely united at the base. Capsule roundish ; cells equal with the number of styles; 1, 2, 3, and 5. — Nutt. 1. II. erect, branched; stem ancipital, leaves ob- long, obtuse, transparently dotted ; panicle ter- minal, brachiate-leafy ; petals longer than the acute-lanceolate calix. — Willd. and Purslu H. Virginicum, Walt. Icon! Fl. Dan. 1043. Eng.Bot. 295. Curt. Fl. Lond. Common St. John's-wort. About a foot or eighteen inches high ; flowers as in all the following species, yellow. This plant has become a most pes- tiferous weed, every where throughout the Union. It is ac- cused of injuring horses. Introduced originally from Europe. In fields, and by road and fence sides, every where unfortu- nately, abundant. Perennial. From June till August. 2. H. erect, very smooth ; leaves oblong ; pani- cle naked, dichotomous; all the forks one-flow- ered; styles coalescing, capsule globose. — Mich. H. sphserocarpuin, Mich. ? About ten or twelve inches high. Flowers pale-yellow, small. This plant may not be the H. sphserocarpum of Mich., but it comes very near it; and for the present I have thought^ with Mr. Nuttall, that it had best be referred to that species. On the borders of a ditch, surrounding a meadow on the east side of the road to Woodbury, near the " canseivay" abun- dant. I have found it no where else. It has also been found in Jersey, by Mr. Collins. Perennial. June, July. 3. H. erect; stem four-angled, leaves oblong, acute, narrowly sessile; panicle terminal, di- chotomous; branches divaricate, with the flow- ers arranged on them distantly alternate; POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA. 15 calices subcampanulate, segments lanceolate, acute, carinated below almost as long as the corolla; petals with one lateral tooth. — Willd. and Pursh. H. denticulatum, Walt. Stem erect, simple ; from a span to twelve inches high, four sided. Leaves from a quarter to a half-inch long - , and lit- tle better than an eighth of an inch broad ; oblong-acute and very closely sessile or semi-amplexicaule. Flowers the size of those of No. 1, and of a fine fulvous or copper-colour. Up the Delaware, eight miles from Philadelphia, rare ; Mr. Collins. Perennial. June, July. 4. H. stem erect, ancipital immediately below each aiipressum. pair of leaves, roundish towards the root. Leaves opposite, closely sessile; lanceolate-obtuse, fine- ly punctated with pellucid dots ; leaves of the brandies numerous, crowded, sub-linear, ob- tuse. Cymes crowded with small acute leaves; flowers terminal and axillary, monogynous, pe- tals obtuse, entire. Capsules sub-conoid. B. Hypericum, No. 6. Bart. Prod. Fl. Phil. p. 74. A very elegant species, from one foot to two and an half feet high. The branches are divaricating, slender, appresssed and frequently inflexed or curved downward, and crowded with numerous leaves much narrower than the stem leaves, less obtuse, and even inclining to acute. From the axills of the stem leaves proceeds a cluster of five or six sub-linear obtuse leaves, which appear to arise from abortive branches. The flowers are yellow, about the size of those of No. 7. I disco- vered this new species, about four years since, in a rich, wet, or swampy meadow on the lower edge of Landsdown grounds, .close to the Schuylkill, and not far above Breck's island. It grows there in profusion, but I have not found it elsewhere. It stands in my Prodromus, (No. 6.) without a name, not being certain at the time I published that work, that it was unde- scribed, although I could not find it to fit any of the described species. Mr. Collins has also found this plant in this neigh- bourhood. Perennial. July. 5. H. erect, small, small-flowered; stem four-an- canadensc. gled, dichotomous above; leaves sessile, linear, attenuated at the base: the primary branches 16 POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA. of the panicle opposite, the secondary dichoto- mous; capsules long, conoid, coloured. — Willd, Slender St. John's-wort. A very delicate species, with exceedingly small flowers; and bright red capsules. From a span to twelve inches high. In bogs, swamps, and low wet meadows; every were extreme- ly common. Annual. June, July. parviflorum. 6. H. erect, very much branched, glabrous; stem sub-f'our-angled; leaves ovate-oblong, subcor- date, obtuse, nerved, sessile; panicles terminal, dichotomal-corymbose, petals shorter than the lanceolate calix. — Willd. H. quinquenervium, Walt. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1456. H. mutilum, Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1471. This species resembles No. 4, somewhat, particularly in the size of the flowers ; but may easily be known by its leaves, which are twice or thrice as broad as those of No. 4, and it never has red capsules. In wet grassy places, and in company with No. 4; also very common. Perennial. July till August. , torymbosum, 7. H. erect, glabrous, dotted with black; stem te- rete, branched; leaves amplcxicaule, oblong- oval, obtuse, corymbs terminal, bracheate thickly flowered, calicine segments lanceolate- acute. — Willd, and Fursh. H. maculatum, Walt. H. punctatum, Lamark. Black spotted St. John's-wort. About fourteen inches high; resembles No. 1, exceedingly, but may be easily known from it by the numerous black punc- tated leaves, and the much smaller flowers. In shady woods and on rocks, common. Perennial. June, July. 251. ELODEA. Adanson. (Hyperica.) Calix 5-parted, equal. Petals 5, claws nec- tariferous. Filaments 9 to 15, growing to- POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. ir gether in 3 parcels. Glands between the parcels. Styles 3, divergent. Capsule part- ly 3-celled, many-seeded. — Nutt. 1. E. leaves sessile, amplexicaule, cordate-oblong, virgmica. very obtuse ; fascicles pedunculated, few-flower- ed, axillary and terminal ; corollas sub-campa- nulate, stamens 9 — 12, very smooth, enlarged at their base. — Pursh. Elodea campanulata, Pursh. Hypericum campanulatum, Walt. Hypericum Virginicum, L. Icon. Bot. Repos. 552. From twelve to fourteen inches high- Flowers reddish and yellow, handsome ; leaves and the whole plant sometimes deep crimson-red. In bogs and swamps of Jersey, common ; not so frequent west of the Delaware. Perennial. July to August. 2. E. leaves petiolated, oblong-oval, rotund-ob- petioiata. tuse; flowers opposite, axillary, subsessile, sub- ternate; stamens connate as far as the middle, capsules oblong. — Pursh, Hypericum petiolatum, Walt. H. axillare, Mich. Also a handsome species, for which I am indebted to Mr. Collins, not having met with it myself. Found by him two years ago, on the margin of the Schuylkill, near its mouth. Perennial. ORDER III. POLYGYNIA. 252. MAGNOLIA. Gen. pi. 942. (Magnolia.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 6 to 9. Capsules 2-valved, 1 -seeded, imbricated in a cone. Seeds pendulous, arillate. — Nutt. 1. M. leaves oval, glaucous beneath, petals obo-giauca. vate, attenuated at base. — Willd. VOL. II. 3 18 tulipifera. triloba. POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 77. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 7. Small Magnolia. Swamp Sassafras. Sweet Baij. Swamp Laurel. Beaver-wood, Sfc. An elegant and favourite little tree, bearing fine fragrant cream-coloured flowers. In bogs and swamps, woods and thickets, Jersey ; common. The bark is medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) ^ . May to July. 253. LIRIODENDRON. Gen. pi. 941. (Magnolia.) Calix 3-leaved. Petals 6. Samarce sublan- ceolate, 1 or 2- seeded, imbricated in a cone.-— Nutt. 1. L. leaves cut-truncate, 4-lobed, calix triphyl- lous. — Mich. Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 202. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 8. Tulip-tree* American Poplar. Poplar. White, and Yellow This magnificent and stately tree is well known to most persons. Its foliage is curious, its flowers elegant, its wood highly useful, and its bark medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) On the borders of rich woods, and in fields ; common. \ . June, July. 254. PORCELIA. Persoon. {Anonx.) Calix 3 -leaved. Petals 6. Stigmas sessile, obtuse. Berries (1 or more) large, cylin- dric or ovate, many seeded. Seeds aril- late, attached to the internal suture. — JSTutt. 1. P. leaves smoothish, oblong-cuneate-obovate; exterior petals orbicular, fruit large, fleshy. — Pers. Porcelia triloba, Pers. Anona triloba, Willd. Orchidocarpum, Arietinum, Mich. Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 161. POLYANDRIA, FOLYGYNIA. 19 Papaw. Custard-apple. Papaw-tree is very rare in this vicinity, and here its fruit seldom comes to maturity. It is a very small tree, with deep brown unhandsome flowers, and an oblong fleshy esculent fruit, about three inches long, and one and a half in diameter. On the AVissahickon; and on the road to the falls of Schuylkill, west side of the river, and about three miles south of the falls ; scarce. ^ . April, May. 255. CLEMATIS. Gen. pi. 960. (Ranunculace"• Anemone Hepatica, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1273. Icon. Fl. Dan. 610. Bot. Mag. 10. Three-lobed Liver-wort. One of the earliest blooming spiing plants, often flowering before the leaves have come up, and while snow is yet on the ground. Flowers purple, rarely white. In woods, under de- caved and fallen leaves, on rich soil. Common. Perennial. March till May. 261. RANUNCULUS. Gen. pi. 953. (Ranunculacez.) Calix 5-leaved. Petals o ; having the inner side of each claw furnished with a melli- ferous pore, often membranaceously mar- gined or covered by a separate scale. Seeds naked, numerous. — Nutt. 1. R. smooth ; stem declinate, leaves narrow-Ian- Fiamihuia. ceolate, acute, entire and denticulate; the lower ones petiolate, peduncles terminal, axillary, one-flowered ; calices subreflexed. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 575. Engl. Bot. 387. About a foot or two feet high, leaning obliquely from the root. Leaves of a delicate blueish-green. Flowers small, yel- POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. low. In ditches in Jersey, along 1 the course of the Delaware, and in ditches in the Neck, on this side of the river, not unfre- quent. Perennial. July, August. 2. R. smooth; stems striate, naked below; radi- cal leaves cordate, reniform, obtuse-crenate ; those of the stem petiolate, ternate, angular, the upper ones sessile ; the branchlets sub-3-flower- ed. — Willd. and Pursh. Jbortire-flowered Crow-foot, About twelve or fourteen inches high, with very small incon- spicuous yellow flowers. In woods, and shady wet places, common. Perennial. May, July. 3. R. smooth ; lower leaves palmate, upper ones sessile, digitate; fruit oblong. — Willd, and Pursh, Icon. Fl. Dan. 571. Engl. Bot. 681. Scelerij -leaved Crow-foot, A very branclung or bushy species, about twelve or fifteen inches high, with small yellow flowers. Stem hollow. Whole plant very acrid, so much so as to blister when applied bruised for any length of time to the cuticle. It is used medicinally. In wet meadows, and all dirty ditches and plashes, on commons and road-sides, and in wastes; common Perennial. May, June. 4. R. very hirsute, erect; leaves ternate, folioles acutely lobate; stems below the first peduncle naked, few-flowered; calix appressed. — Mich, R. hispidus, Mich. R. hirtus. Hispid Crow -foot. About twelve inches high ; flowers small, yellow. In the hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, frequent. Perennial. June. 5. R. hirsute ; leaves compound, ternate, trifid, POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. 25 incised, sarments creeping; peduncles furrow- ed, calices spreading. — Willd. Icon. FI. Dan. 795. Engl. Bot. 516. Creeping Crow -foot. A fine species, which spreads rapidly and extensively by its creeping roots. Flowers large, deep-yellow. In damp, shady woods, and unmolested moist places near shrubbery ; frequent. Perennial. July. 6. R. very hirsute; leaves compound, ternate, tri- buibosus. «> fid, incised and toothed ; stem erect, many-flow- ered ; peduncles furrowed, calices reflexed, root bulbous. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 551. Engl. Bot. 515. Common Bulbous Crow-foot, or Butter-cup. An introduced, but naturalized species, found every where in pastures, grass-plots, and in grassy fields and lanes. Leaves a very deep-green ; flowers fine deep-shining-yellow. Posses- ses medicinal virtues. Whole fields are often rendered yel- low by the profusion of this plant. Perennial. From May till August. 7. R. hairy, erect, branched ; leaves ternate, tri- Pennsyhani. lid, incised, hairy underneath; peduncles te-° l rete, calices reflexed, petals the length of the calix. — Willd. R. trifolius, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. 60. An excessively hairy species, which comes near to Penn- sylvanicus, but may not be it on further examination. In grassy retired places; not common. On the grounds of Lemon-hill. Perennial. July. 8. R. root very much fascicled; leaves ternate, sub- fascicular. pinnate, glabrous. B. R. fascicularis, Muhl. A fine species, eighteen inches or two feet high, growing on the margins of our rivers and creeks, and frequently mistaken for R. acris, from which it materially differs. Perennial. May, June. POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA. 9. R. leaves all dichotomously capillaceous, stem swimming. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 376. River Crow -foot. A deep-green aquatic plant, covering ditches for a great ex- tent, with its stems and leaves. Flowers white, small,, and raised about an inch above the surface of the water. In all the ditches of the Neck, and in those of Jersey; very common. Perennial. June, July. 262. BRASENIA. Gen. pi. 938. (Hydrocharides.) Calix 6-leaved, petaloid, persistent, the 3 in- terior longer. Corolla none. Stamina 18 to 36, about the length of the calix. Utri- culi oblong, 6 to 9; 3-seeded. — JWtt. peitau, 1. B. leaves centrally peltate, oval, very entire, peduncles solitary, one-flowered. — Pursh. Hydropeltis purpurea, Mich. Icon. Bot. Mag. 1147. Pluk. aim. t. 349. f. 3. Water-shield. An aquatic plant, which I have never seen. Above the falls of Schuylkill, two or three miles, east side ; Mr. Collias. Pe- rennial. June. 263. CYAMUS. Salisbury. (Hydrocharides.) Calix petaloid, 4 or 5 -leaved. Petals many. Fruit turbinate, with a truncated disk ex- cavated with numerous cells, each contain- ing a single seed. Seed an ovate nut crowned with the persistent style. — J\Tutt. lute us. 1. C. leaves peltate, orbiculate, very entire; co- rolla polypetalous, anthers linear above. — Salis- bury. Peduncles and petioles muricate. — Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 59. P0LYANDR1A, POLYGYNIA. o 7 Cyamus flavicomus, Salisb. C. nelumbo, Smith, Exot. Bot. Nelumbium spcciosum, Willd. and Ait. N. luteum, Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1259. IN. luteum, Mich. Nymphsea Nelumbo, j8 L. Sp. PL Nelumbo Indka, Pers. Sacred-bean of India, Egyptian-bean. There is not surely in North America any plant comparable to this for grandeur, simplicity and beauty. Truly may it be styled as I have elsewhere called it, the Queen of American Floicevs. I regret to say that it is not as abundant in our vici- nity as it was five years ago. This may be an accidental or temporary decrease, owing to a disturbance of the site where it grows. The leaves are perfectly round and centrally peltate. They are from a foot to eighteen inches in diameter, of a rich velvety -green above, and very pale underneath, They are sup- ported by petioles from two, to three and a half feet in lengtli. The flowers are pale-yellow, globose, and about three or four inches in diameter, supported by petioles or a scape, a yard in length, frequently muricate towards the upper part. From this circumstance, together with an accurate examination of a fine Chinese painting of the India species, which differed in nothing from our plant, except in the rose-coloured flower, Iconsideredthe two species as identical, and accordingly added the synonyms which stand in my Prodromus. Another years* examination of our plant has not given me reason to alter my opinion on this subject, nor can 1 conceive that a mere differ- ence in colour of the flowers should be considered sufficient to establish the difference. Walter says his Nelumbo had white flowers: so that even in our own country, a discrepancy occurs here. I am glad to find that Mr. Nuttall has als» noticed in his work, that the u peduncles are partly muricate." DIDYNAMIA. TEUCRIUM. MENTHA. HYSSOPUS. NEPETA. LAMIUM. STACHYS. LEONURUS. GLECHOMA. MARRUBIUM. PYCNANTHEMUM. CLINOPODIUM. ORIGANUM. MELISSA. PRUNELLA. SCUTELLARIA. TRICHOSTEMA. PHRYMA. VERBENA. LIMOSELLA. SCROPHULARIA. BIGNONIA. ANTIRRHINUM. GERARDIA. PEDICULARIS. MIMULUS. CHELONE. PENSTEMON. EUCHROMA. MELAMPYRUM. OROBANCHE. EPIFAGUS. VOL. II. [30 J CLASS XIII.— DIDYNAMIA. ORDER I. GYMNOSPERMIA. (4 naked seeds.) 264. TEUCRIUM. Gen. pi. 960. (LabiaUe.) Upper lip of the corolla none, but a fissure in its place through which the Stamina are exserted. — JSTutt. > canaiicnse. j # t. cano-hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ser- rate, all petiolate; stem erect, spikes verticil- late, crowded, bracteas twice as long as the ca- lix. — JVilld. and Fursh. Nettle-leaved Germander. About eighteen incnes or two feet high. Flowers purple. Along the grassy banks of our rivers and creeks ; and in low meadows, common. Perennial. July. virginicum. 2, T. pubescent; leaves ovate, oblong, serrate, the upper ones subsessile ; stem erect, spikes ^ erticillate, crowded, bractes the length of the calix.— Willd. > Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 160. (Pursh.) * Resembles the preceding exceedingly. Flowers also pur- ple. Grows with No. 1, but is very rare. 265. MENTHA. Gen. pi. 967. (LabiaU.) Corolla subequal, 4-cleft; having the broader segment emarginate. Stamina erect and distant. — J\Tutt. Boveaiis. 1. M. upright, pubescent; leaves petiolate, oval- lanceolate, very acute at each end ; flowers ver- ticillate; stamens exserted. — Mich. Mentha Canadensis, Kalm. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 31 In similar places with the two preceding plants ; very com- mon. Flowers white, or very pale-purple. Perennial. July. Mentha viridis, or common spear-mint, and Mentha piperita, or common pepper-mint, are frequently found in wet mea- dows near springs and rivulets, where they have been plant- ed, or found their way from gardens ; but they are not pro- perly naturalized. 266. HYSSOPUS. Gen. pi. 963. (Labiate.) Lower lip of the Corolla 3 -parted, inter- mediate segment snbcrenate. Stamina straight, and distant. — J\Tutt. 1. H. spikes verticillate, cylindrical ; styles short- ne P etoides ' * er than the corolla; leaves subcordatc, ovate- acuminate, acutely dentate. — Willd, and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 150. f. 3. Jacq. hort. 1. 1. 69. (Pursh.) Catmint Hyssop. Tall Hyssop. A very tall plant, often flowering at a height of two feet, but frequently attaining a stature of six. Flowers in long dense spikes, ochroleucous. I have seen them purple, though rarely. In thickets, shady woods, hedges, and on the borders of fields, common, particularly six or ten miles from the city. Perennial. July. o* 2. H. spikes verticillate, cylindric; styles longer 8 f c ™[J uIari - than the corolla; leaves cordate-ovate, acumi- nate, obtusely dentate* — Willd. and Pursh. Agastache, Gronovius, Fl. Virg. 88. Icon. Herm. parad. t. 106. A very rare plant, easily known from the preceding. From fourteen inches to two feet high. Flowers purple. On the banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, on the walk from Kaighn's point to the next ferry below, close to a shady thicket. Pe- rennial. July. 267. NEPETA. Gen. pi. 964. (Labiate.) Caluv arid, striated. Tube of the Corolla longish 5 intermediate segment of the lower 32 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. lip crenate ; margin of the orifice reflected. Stamina approximate. — Nutt. oataria. l. N. flowers spiked, whorls subpedicellate ; leaves petiolate, cordate, dentate-serrate. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 580. Catmint. Nep. Catnep. A well-known herb, in common use in domestic medical practice. Flowers white. Naturalized in cultivated grounds, in wastes and on road sides, every where. Perennial. July, August. 268. LAMIUM. Gen. pi. 971. (Labiata.) Calix 5-cleft, segments subulate, spreading. Upper lip of the corolla entire and vault- ed : lower lip S-lobed ; the margin of the orifice toothed on either side. — Nutt. amplexi- caule. 1. L. floral leaves sessile, amplexicaule, obtuse. —Willd. Polichia araplexicaulis, Roth. Icon. Fl. Dan. 752. Stem-clasping Archangel. Great Henbit. Dead- nettle. Henbit Jlrchangel. From six inches to a foot high. Flowers reddish-purple. In all cultivated grounds, and particularly on the margins of fields, very common. Annual. All summer. 269. STACHYS. Gen. pi. 979. (Labiatx.) Calix 5-cIeft, awned. Upper lip of the co- rolla vaulted ; the lower reflected at the sides, with the intermediate segment larger and emarginated. Stamina at length re- flected to the sides. — Nutt. 1. S. stems erect, very hispid backward; leaves subpetiolate, lanceolate, acute, serrate, very DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. S3 grab ro us ; whorls sub-6-flowered ; calicos di- varicate, spinous. — Mich, and Pursh. S. tenuifolia, Willd.? S. arvensis, Walt. Rough Wound-wort. Hedge-nettle. From one to two feet high. In full flower very handsome. Flowers purple. Along the banks of rivers and creeks, and in low meadows, common; particularly along the bank-walks of the Delaware and Schuylkill. Perennial. July. 270. LEONURUS. Gen. pi. 977. (Labiate.) Calix pentangular, 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla villous, flat, entire; lower lip 3-parted, with the middle segment undi- vided. "Lobes of the anthers parallel." R. Brown. — JSTntt. 1. L. leaves cuneiform-ovate, three lobed, den- carfiaou 4 tate; corollas larger than the prickly calix; middle segments of the lower lip acute. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 727. Engl. Bot. 286. Mother-wort. Mug-wort. About two feet high. Flowers white and red, or purple. In- troduced, and naturalized abundantly in all wastes near habi- tations. Perennial. July. 271. GLECHOMA. Gen. pi. 970. (Labiate.) Calix 5-cleft, subequal. Anthers approach- ing each other in pairs, each pair produc- ing the form of a cross. — JVutt. 1. G. leaves reniform-crenate. — Willd. hedewcea. ^ Icon. Fl. 73an. 789. Curt. Lond. 2. t. 44. Ground Iry. Gill. Alehoqf. A creeping plant, with blue flowers. Mr. Nuttall is inclined 4# 34 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. i to think it indigenous, having found it abundant along the banks of the Ohio and Potomac, remote from settlements. In wastes and hedges, common. Perennial. May to August. 272. MARRUBIUM. Gen. pi. 976, {Labiatce.) Calix saberform, rigid, 10- striate. Upper lip of the corolla bifid, linear, straight. — * Nutt. vuigare. l. M. leaves subrotund, ovate, dentate, rugose- veined; calix teeth setaceous, hooked. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 1036. Engl. Bot. 410. Horehound. Also plentifully naturalized in wastes. Whole plant of a grey aspect. Flowers white. Much used as a domestic medi- cine. Perennial. July. 273. PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich. fl. am. 2. p. 7. {Labiatce.) Capituluin surrounded by an involucrum of many bractes. — Calix tubular, striate, 5- toothed. Upper lip of the corolla nearly entire ; lower trifid. " Middle segment longer. Stamina distant ; cells of the an- thers parallel.*' fl. Brown. — JWtt. 1. P. leaves oblong-ovate, acute, subserrate, cano- tomentose ; capituli compound, the lateral ones pedunculated ; bractes setaceous. — Mich, and Pursh. Clinopodium incanum, L. Origanum incanum, Walt. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 344. f. 7. (Pursh.) Hoary Basil. About three feet high. Whole plant grey or hoary. Flow- ers white and pale -red. It possesses the fine odour of Origanum DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 35 vulgare. On a bluff bordering- the Schuylkill, "Woodlands; abundant. Perennial. July, August. 2. P. stem upright, very much branched, rough- fiw&ttam. w ish; leaves linear, 3-nerved, very entire ; capi- tuli terminal, fasciculate-corymbose. — Pursh. Brachvstenuim linifolius, Willd. B. Virginicum, Mich. » Thymus Virginicus, L. Pycnanthemum Virginicum, Ait. Satureja Virginiana, Sp. PI. 2. p. 793. Origanum flexuosum, Walt. Icon. Herm. parad. t. 218. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim. t. 54. f. 2. Flax-leaved Basil, Virginian Thyme, About eighteen inches high. Flowers small, white. Whole plant smells like Thyme. On the borders of open damp woods, and along 1 water-courses in thickets, frequent. In the woods bordering the Mantua-road, and on the bank walks of the Delaware and Schuylkill, common. Perennial. July, August. 3. P. stem upright, very much branched, rough- lanceuiatwn. ish; leaves linear-lanceolate, veined, very en- tire; capituli terminal, fasciculate-corymbose. — Piwsh. Bachystemum lanceolatum, Willd. enum. Lance-leaved Basil, Resembles No. 2, very much in general habit, but easily known from it by the broader leaves. Flowers also white. In similar places with No. 2, but less common. Perennial. July August. 4. P. leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate, smooth- muticum. ^ ish ; capituli terminal, bractes lanceolate, some- what acute. — Pers, Bachystemum muticum, Mich. Icon. Mich. fl. am. 2. t. 32. About eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers pale blos- som-red. On the margin of a small open wood in the Neck, 36 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSt>ERMIA. about half a mile south-east of the corner of Federal and Fifth streets, Southwark. Very rare. Perennial. July. vertkiiiatum. 5. p. leaves ovate-lanceolate, very entire ; whorls sessile, compact, bractes acuminate. — Pers. and Pursh. Brachystemum verticillatum, Mich. Origanum clinopodoides, Walt. Icon. Mich. Fl. am. 2. t. 31. This species resembles No. 4, exceedingly. It is also very rare; I have only found it on the bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens, in the low ground. Perennial. July, August. 274. CLIXOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 980. (Labiate.) Verticill surrounded by a setaceous involu- crum. — Upper lip of the corolla flat, ob- cordate and strait. — J\Tutt. vuigare. i. C. capituli verticillate, bractes setaceous, his- pid ; leaves hairy above, remotely dentate, stem nearly simple. — ff?$ld. Icon. Fl. Dan. 930. Engl. Bot. 1401. Common Wild Basil. About a foot high; flowers purple, and sometimes, though rarely, white. In dry fields, and in dry thickets. Perennial. August. 275. ORIGANUM. Gen. pi. 981. (Labiate.) Flowers^ollected into a 4-sided strobilus or dense»pike. — Upper lip of the corolla erect ? lnit$ lower 3-parted; segments equal. — Nutt. ' Tuigfire. 1. O. spikes subrotund, paniculate, conglomerate, bractes ovate, longer than the calix. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 638. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 37 Common Marjoram. A fine plant, exhaling a very grateful odour. From one to two feet high. Flowers red. Indigenous; on stony hills and the borders of dry stony fields; frequent. Perennial. July, August. 276. MELISSA. Gen. pi. 983. (LabiaU.) Calix avid, above nearly flat ; upper lip sub- fastigiate. Upper lip of the corolla partly vaulted, bifid ; middle lobe of the lower lip cordate. — JSTutt. 1. M. whorls dimidiate, bractes oblong, pedicel- officinalis. late; leaves ovate-acute, serrate. — Willd. Balm. Common balm is well-known. It is not unfrequently found along the edges of fields and by road sides, appearing naturaliz- ed. Its domestic use as a tisan, is extensive, and merited. Pe- rennial. July. 277. PRUNELLA. Gen. pi. 990. (Labia**.) Upper lip of the calix dilated. Filaments o the stamina forked, only one of the points antheriferous. Stigma bifid. — JWtt. 1. P. leaves petiolate, ovate and lanceolate, den- vpmflr* tate at the base; calix lips equal, the upper trun- cate, three avvned, stem adscendent — IVilld. hort. berol. leaves ovate. *«*». leaves lanceolate. $ umceoiata. Self-heal. From eight inches to a foot high. Flowers deep purple, rare- ly white. Var. ct. flowers in June; /2. flowers in August, and is a large plant. In fields and by road and fence sides, very com- mon. Perennial. 38 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 278. SCUTELLARIA. Gen. pi. 989. (Labiat*.) Margin of the Calix entire, after flowering closed with a galeate lid. Tube of the co- rolla elongated. — Nutt. gaiericuiata, l. S. branching ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, cre- nate, under side pulverulently pubescent, paler ; flowers axillary. — Nutt. Not S. galericulata, of Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 637. Engl. Bot. 523. Common Skull-cap. A very elegant species, with fine blue flowers. From eighteen inches to two feet high, weak, branching. On the margins of meadow-drains and ditches, and sometimes among sedge in wet meadows of Jersey, not unfrequent. Perennial. July. gracilis. l lateriflora. 2. S. stem mostly simple; leaves remote, broad- ovate, dentate, smooth and sessile, scabrous on the margin, upper ones smaller, entire ; flow- ers axillary. — Nutt. S. gracilis, INutt. S. galericulata, Pursh ? Slender Skull-cap. A small species, with simple erect stems, and every where very glabrous. On the edges of woods and thickets bordering the Schuylkill, particularly between Kingsess gardens and Gray's ferry ; very common. July. 3. S. very much branched, somewhat smooth ; leaves with very long petioles, ovate, dentate, nerved ; raceme terminal, loose, leafy. — Willd. Side-flowering SkuU-cap. From a foot to two feet high, with a profusion of blue flow- ers. A very handsome species. On the borders of all our waters, and on the edges of pools and ditches, very common. Perennial. July to September. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 39 4. S. somewhat simple, densely pubescent; leaves inteprifoiia. - subsessile, oblong or linear, obtuse, very entire, attenuated at base; racemes loose, leafy. — nuid. Icon. Pluk. aim. 441. f. 6. Entire-leaved Skull-cap. Leaves all linear. — Willd. & h/nyifi :«•• Hyssop-leaved Skull-cap. A verv elegant and striking 1 species, with a profusion of large blue flowers. In meadows and fields of Jersey, very- abundant. Also in fields west of the Delaware. /2. is more rare — generally in woods and thickets. Perennial. July, August. 5. S. somewhat simple, pubescent ; leaves remote, ovaiifoiia. ^ rhomboid-ovate, obtuse, round-crenate, attenu- ated at base, with short petioles ; racemes ter- minal, loose, lor the most part branched ; branches lanceolate, entire. — Mich, and Pursh. S. ovaiifoiia, Muhl. - S. ovaiifoiia, Pers. ? S. Caroliniana, Walt. S. pilosa, Mich, and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 313. f. 4. A very common and ordinary looking species. In woods, every where abundant. Perennial. July, August. 279. TRICHOSTEMA. Gen. pi. 988. (Labiate.) Calix resupinate. Upper lip of the corolla falcate. Stamina very long and incarved. — JSTutt. 1. T. leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, the flower-bear- dichotoma. * ing branchlets bifurcate, stamens very long. — Willd. and Pursh. Bastard Pennyroyal. From six to ten inches high. Flowers Prussian-blue, band- 40 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. some. Whole plant possessing- in a small degree, the scent of" Pennyroyal. In sandy fields and on exposed road sides; every where very common, especially in Jersey. Annual. July. linearis. g # t. leaves linear, smooth, sessile, attenuated somewhat at either end ; dentures of the ca- lix conspicuously awned, stamina very long. — Mat. Trichostema linearis, Nutt. T. dichotoma, /3. linearis, Walt, and Pursh. Linear -leaved Bastard Pennyroyal. Resembles the preceding exceedingly, but is very distinct. I have heretofore considered.it only as a variety, but my atten- tion being" particularly directed to the plant by the observa- tions of Mr. Xuttall, I have no hesitation in adopting- it as a g-enuine species. 1 have found it all through Maryland, pre- serving its character. In the sandy fields of Jersey, near Woodbury. Annual. July, August. •'^' t ^ " 280. PHRYMA. Gen. pi. 994. (Labiatx.) Calix cylindric, upper lip longer, trifid ; lower bidentate. Upper lip of the corolla emarginate, lower much larger. Seed one. . —Nutt. Leptostachia. l. P. leaves ovate, deeply serrate, petiolate ; spikes terminal, slender; flowers opposite. — Willd. Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 380. f. 5. Lam. Illust. t. 516. From one to two feet high. Flowers on very long, slender weak spikes ; small, white and purple. In shady rich woods, particularly along the western banks of the Schuylkill towards and above the falls ; common. Perennial. June. 281. VERBENA. Gen. pi. 43. (Vitices.) Calix 5-cleft. Corolla funnelform, tube in- curved, limb unequal, 5-lobed. Stamina % fertile. Seeds 4. D1DYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 41 1. V. stem decumbent, very much divaricate- spuria, branched; leaves multifid, laciniate, spikes fili- form, bractes longer than thecalix. — Willd. and Pursh. Bastard Vervain. About twelve or fifteen inches high. Leaves greyish-green. Flowers blue, very small. The whole plant strongly resembles Verbena officinalis. In the suburbs of Southwark and Northern Liberties ; among rubbish in the streets of Camden, and by Kaighn's point, forming large patches. Biennial. July, August. 2. V. erect, tall ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, hastata. ^ cut-serrate, sometimes cut-hastate; spikes li- near, paniculated, subimbricate. — Willd. Icon. Herm. parad. 242. Tall Vervain. A very fine species, from two to four feet high, with deep- blue flowers, larger and handsomer than those of No. 1. On the banks of all our waters, on the margins of ditches, and in wet meadows, very abundant; more particularly in Jersey. Perennial. July. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply-serrated, acute ; @ ooiongi/one. spikes filiform, paniculate; flowers smaller, pale blue. — Nutt. V. hastata, /S. oblongifolia, Nutt. Resembles No. 2, very closely, and grows with it. July. 3. V. erect, subpubescent ; leaves ovate-acute, ser- mtkiioiia. c rate, petiolate; spikes filiform, distinct, axillary and terminal. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Riv. monop. 57. Rob. ic. 26. (Pursh.) Nettle-leaved Vervain. About fifteen inches or two feet high, being a common weed in wastes, road-sides and on the borders of cultivated grounds. Flowers minute, white. Perennial. All summer. VOL. If. 5 42 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 282. LIMOSELLA. Gen. pi. 1039. (Lisimachia.) Calix 5-cleft. Corolla 4 and 5 lobed, equal. Stamina approximating by pairs. Cap- sule &-valved, subbilocular, many-seeded. — Nutt. tenuifoiia. 1. L. leaves linear and very n arrow; scarcely di- lated at the points; scape 1 -flowered, about equal in length with the leaves. — Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Ph. vol. 1. p. 115. Root surculose. Leaves radical, succulent and somewhat fragile, erect, subcylindric-filiform, a little compressed and ob- tuse towards the point, membranaceously sheathing and radi- cant at the base, radical fibres white, compressed, and flaccid. Scapes or peduncles shorter than the leaves, one-flowered, radical, axillary, terete, at first erect, in fruit deflected. Calix cylindric-campanulate, border four and five-toothed, dentures acute. Corolla monopetalous, tubular, white, shaded with greyish blue outside, tube yellowish and glandular within, border spreading four and five-lobed, lobes oblong-oval, or oval, obtuse. Stamina four, approximating by pairs, included in the tube of the corolla; filaments short; anthers pale blue, two-celled. Style included, stigma capitate. Capsule nearly spherical, smooth, bursting the calix, bivalve, subbilocular, many-seeded. Seeds numerous, angular, somewhat gibbous, attached to a large and rounded receptacle, compressed at its base, and dilated on two sides, producing imperfect dissepi- ments, which are continued to the margin of the valves, hence the capsule is bilocular near its base, and only one-celled above. — JYutt. Icon. Transactions of the Physico-Medical Society of New York, vol. 1. p. 439. Mudwort. First discovered on the low gravelly banks of the Dela- ware, above Kensington, by Mr. Nuttall. It has also been found in Connecticut by Dr. Ives. It is abundant on the shores of the Delaware at low tide, but must be vigilantly searched for, or from its minuteness it will be overlooked. I have also , found it at low tide on the shores of the Schuylkill, a little be- low Breck's island. July. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 43 283. SCROPHULARIA. Gen. pi. 1014. (ScrophularU.) Calix 5 -cleft. Corolla sub globose, resupi- nate. Capsule S-celled. 1. S. leaves cordate, serrate, acute, roundish at Mariiamiica. base; petioles ciliated below, the fascicles of the panicle loosely few-flowered. — Willd. S. nodosa, &. Americana, Mich. Figwort. From three to four feet high. Flowers brownish. On the borders of fields, and along fences bordering road-sides ; not frequent. Perennial. August. 284. BIGNONIA. Gen : pi. 1018. (Bignonix.) Calix 5 -toothed, cyathiform, partly coria- ceous. Corolla 5-lobed, campanulate, ven- tricose on the under side. Silique S-celled. Seeds membranaceously alated. — Nutt. 1. B. leaves pinnate, folioles ovate, dentate, acu- radicam. minate, with a terminal corymb ; tube of the corolla three times as long as the calix, stem ra- dicant. — JVillil. 4nd Pursfi. 1 3j< impel Creeper. This well-known creeper grows wild, on the rocks bor- dering the Schuylkill near the falls, and in a watery thicket three miles below Kaighn's point, Jersey; near the spot where Salsola Caroliniana grows. Flowers red and orange, lj . July, August. 285. ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. pi. 1035. (ScrophuhwU.) Calix 5 -parted ; the lower segments remote. Corolla calcarate, ringent, orifice closed by the prominent palate. Capsule ovate, 2- f S?ed, 2-valved, bursting at the summit ior 44 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. with 3 to 5 reflected dentures, a stapediform styliferous arch remaining betwixt either aperture. — Gcertner. m Lmaiia. l. A. erect, glabrous; leaves scattered, lanceo- late-linear, crowded ; spikes terminal, thickly flowered; calices glabrous, shorter than the spine. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Fl. Dan. 982. Engl. Bot. 658. Toad Flax. Ransted-weed. Wild Snap-dragon. A very elegant plant, but disgusting from its offensive phos- phoretic smell. Leaves greyish-green. Flowers bright yellow ; said to contain phosphorus. Introduced, but every where ex- tensively naturalized, in the United States. On road-sides, commons, wastes, and the borders of fields, very common and abundant. Perennial, from July till October. anadense. 2. A. assurgent, glabrous, very simple; leaves scattered, erect, narrow-linear, obtuse, remote ; flowers racemous, shoots creeping. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Vent. hort. eels. 49. purpurea, Purple Toad Flax. A very delicate plant, with small oval radical leaves, acute at each end ; narrow linear stem leaves, and purple flowers. \\\ sandy fields, roads, and woods of Jersey; common. An- nual. June, July. 286. GERARD! A. Gen. pi. 1004. (Scrophularix.) Calix half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed. Corolla sub- campanulate, unequally 5-lobed ? segments mostly rounded. Capsule 2-celled, open- ing at the summit. — Nutt. 1. G. stem opposite, very much branched,* leaves linear ; flowers axillary, opposite, sessile. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 388. f. 1. (Pursh^ DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 45 From fifteen to eighteen inches, or two feet high. Flowers large, purple, handsome. Along all our waters, in marshes, and in damp low grounds and rich moist woods, very com- mon. Biennial. July, August. 2. G. paniculate-branched, leaves linear; pedun- tenoifoii*. v cles axillary, opposite, longer than the flower. Willd. G. ciecta, Walt, and Mich. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 12. f. 4. A small, slender and delicate species, resembling small spe- cimens of the preceding. From a span to a foot high. Flowers like those of No. 1. In woods and fields, very common. Pre- fers a dryer soil than No. 1. Biennial. July, August. 3. G. pubescent; stems sub-simple; leaves lan-fl"*. u ceolate, very entire or dentated, the lower ones sub-pinnatifid-incised ; flowers axillary, oppo- site, subsessile. — Willd, and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. mant. 389. f. 3. A fine showey species, with large yellow flowers. From two to three feet high. In dry shady places, and on rocks in woods, common. Perennial. July. 4. G. glabrous ; stem paniculate, leaves petiolate, querela. pinnatifid : segments lanceolate-acute, entire or cut-dentate behind, the upper ones lanceolate- entire; flowers axillary, opposite, pedicellate. — Pursh. G. quercifolia, Pursh. G. flava, siveglauca, Muhl.? Rhinanthus Virginicus, Willd. Also a very elegant and showey plant, with yellow flowers. As I have found this species near Lancaster, I conclude Dr. Muhlenberg must have intended it by his G. flava, sive glauca. In Jersey, near swampy thickets, three miles below Kaighn's point, and in the woods near Woodbury. Rare. Perennial. 5. G. pubescent, brachiate-paniculate; leaves ob- Pedicular*. long, doubly cut-serrate and pinnatifid; flowers 5# 46 DIDYNAMIA, GYMN0SPERM1A. axillary, opposite-pedicellate; calicine segments leafy, cut-dentate. — Willd. and Fursh. Icon. Lam. Illust. t. 529. f. 2. About two feet high and bushy. Leaves resembling" those of Pedicularis, orLousewort. Flowers yellow, large. In shady woods on the Schuylkill above the falls, and in similar situa- tions in Jersey. In the woods of the Woodlands; tolerably frequent. Biennial. July, August. 287. PEDICULARIS. Gen.pl. 1003. {Pedicular es.) Calix ventricose, half 5-cleft. Galea (or up- per lip of the corolla) emarginate and com- pressed. Capsule bilocular, mucronate, ob- lique. Seeds angular, tunicated. — JSTutt. pallida. i # p. stem branched, tall, glabrous; leaves sub- opposite, lanceolate, crenate-dentate; spike leaf- less, glabrous, galea of the corolla obtuse ; ca- lix bifid, roundish. — Herb. Banks. P. Virginica, Lamark. P. serotina, Muhl. F ale -flowered Louse-wort. About a foot or two feet high, with pale or straw -yellow flowers. This, which is so common a species at Lancaster, is rare in this vicinity. I have only found it sparingly in the swampy thickets near Woodbury, Jersey. Mr. Nuttall thinks it the P. lanceolata, of Mich. Perennial. August, September. canadensis. 2. P. stem simple, leaves pinnatifid, cut-dentate; capitulum leafy at the base, hirsute; galea of the corolla bristly-bidentate, calices at length, truncate. — Willd. and Fursh. Common Louse-wort. About six or ten inches high. Flowers whitish, sometimes tinged with purple. In meadows and damp low woods; com- mon. Perennial. May, June. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 4? 28S . MIMULUS. Gen. pi. 1049. (Scrophnlarix.) Calix prismatic, 5-toothed. Corolla ringent: upper lip reflected at the sides ; palate of the lower lip prominent. Stigma thick and bifid. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds minute. — J\*utt. 1. M. erect, glabrous ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, ringens. v acuminate-serrate, peduncles axillary, opposite, longer than the flowers, calicine teeth oblong- acuminate. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Bot. Mag. 283. Pluk. amalth. t. 393. f. 3. Gaping Monkey -Jiower. A fine plant, about fifteen inches high, with large blue flow- ers. In boggy meadows and low grounds, every where com- mon. Perennial. July, August. 2. M. erect, glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ovate-acu- aiam*. minate, serrate, peduncles axillary, opposite, shorter than the flower ; teeth of the calix round, mucronate, stem four-angled, winged. — Willd. Wing-stemmed Monkey -Jiower. Besembles No. 1, so closely as to be easily mistaken for it. It is a taller plant. Flowers the size and colour of No. 1. In si- milar places. On the bank walk from the Navy Yard to Glou- cester point; frequent. Perennial. July, August. 289. CHELONE. Gen. pi. 1005 (Bignonue.) Calix 5-parted, tribracteate. Corolla rin- gent, veutricose. Sterile filament shorter than the rest ; anthers lanuginous. Cap- sule 2-celled. S-valved. Seeds membrana- ceously margined. — J\Tutt. 1. Cleaves opposite, lanceolate-oblong, acumi- glabra, *J nate, serrate: spikes terminal, close-flowered. —Willd. 48 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA Snake-head. From two to three feet high. Flowers cream-coloured. The corolla has some faint resemblance to a snake's head. Tn similar places with Mimulus ringens, and alatus. Perennial. July, August. 290. PENTSTEMON. Gen. pi. 1753. (Scrophularia.) Calix 5-leaved. Corolla bilabiate, ventri- cose. The fifth sterile filament longer than the rest and bearded on the upper side. Anthers smooth. Capsule ovate, S-celled, S-valved. Seeds numerous, angular. — JVty#- pubescens. \, p. stem pubescent;, leaves serrulate, lanceolate- oblong, sessile ; flowers paniculate, sterile fila- ment bearded from the apex as far as below the middle. — Willd. and Pursh. Chelone Pentstemon, Mant. 415. A very elegant plant, from ten to fifteen inches high. Flow- ers pale-purple or blue. On the borders of open woods and fields; common. Perennial. July. 291. EUCHROMA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 54. (Pedicular es.) Calix spathseform, bifid, and emarginate, or quadrifid, with the segments subulate. Co- rolla bilabiate, upper lip very long and linear, embracing the style and stamina; lower lip short and trifid, without glands. Anthers linear, with unequal lobes, all co- hering in the form of an oblong disk. Cap- sule compressed, ovate, oblique, 2-celled, 2-valved; dissepiment medial, bipartile. Seeds numerous, and small, surrounded with a membranaceous inflated vesicle. — JVutt. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. 49 1. E. leaves and coloured bractes divaricately ***** trifid ; calix bifid, nearly equal with the corolla, segments rctuse and emarginate. — Nutt. Bartsia coccinea, L. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 5. Painted-cup. A gorgeous and much admired plant. The rich scarlet brac- tes which are usually mistaken for flowers, constitute the great beauty of the plant. Under afoot high. In the meadows bordering- the Wissahickon. Rare. Perennial. July. 292. MELAMPYRUM. Gen. pi. 999. (Pediatlares.) Calix 4-cleft. Upper lip of the corolla com- pressed, margin folded back; lower lip grooved, trifid, subequal. Capsule S-cell- ed, oblique, opening on one side ; cells 2- seeded. Seeds cartilaginous, cylindric-ob- long. — JVutt. 1. M. slender; lower leaves linear, entire; floral Hneare. L leaves lanceolate, toothed behind ; flowers axil- lary, distinct. — Lamark. M. Americanum, Mich. all the leaves lanceolate. £ laf/oUum. Cow -wheat. About a foot hig-h. Flowers yellowish-white, tinged with pale-red. In woods and copses every where common. /2. dif- fers in having much broader leaves. I have only found it in the woods near Woodbury, where it is abundant. Annual. July. /3. August and later. 293. OROBANCHE. Gen. pi. 1045. (Pediculares.) Calix 4< or 5-cleft, segments often unequal. Corolla ringent. Capsule ovate, acute, 1- celled, 2-valved ; seeds numerous. A gland beneath the base of the germ. — Nutt. 50 DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. Americana, i. O. stem very simple, squamae, oval-lanceolate, imbricate, closed; spike terminal, glabrous; corollas recurved, stamens exserted. — Willd. and Pursh. jfcrv Parasitic. On the authority of Mr. Bartram, I have introduced this plant, never having met with it myself. He says it grows in the woods near Philadelphia^ Perennial. July. 294. EPIFAGUS. Nutt Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 60. (Pediculares.) Polygamous. — Calix abbreviated, 5-toothed. Corolla of the infertile flower ringent, com- pressed, 4-cleft, lower lip flat : fertile flow- er minute, 4-toothed, deciduous. Capsule truncate, oblique, 1 -celled, imperfectly 2- valved, opening only on one side. — Nutti. vhginianus. 1. E. stem branched, flowers alternate, distant; corollas deciduous, 4 -toothed. — Willd, Epifagus Americanus, Nutt. Orobanche Virginiana, L. Cancer Root. Beech-drops. A parasitic plant, always found under beech-trees. It is powerfully astringent, and possesses medicinal virtues. Com- mon where the beech-tree is found. Perennial. July, till September. ns TETRADYNAMIA. DRABA. LEPIDIUM. THLASPI. DENTARIA. CARD AMINE. BARBAREA. SISYMBRIUM. ERYSIMUM. ARABIS. TURRITIS. ( 52 ) CLASS XIV— TETRAD YNAMIA. ORDER I. SILICULOSA. 296. DRAB A. Gen. pi. 1076. (Crucifera.J Silicle entire, oval-oblong, valves flattish, parallel with the dissepiment, Style scarce- ly any. Tema. 1. D. scape naked, leaves oblong-acute, subser- rate, hairy; petals bifid, stigma sessile. — Willd. D. hispid ula, Mich. D. verna, £. Americana, Pers. Icon. Fl. Dan. 983. Engl. Bot. 586. Whitlow -grass. Shad-blossom. A very humble plant, but extremely interesting, because it is the earliest blooming 1 plant of our country. It is often found in flower in the last of February or early in March, when only one-half or three quarters of an inch high. It afterwards ac- quires a greater size, and sometimes is four inches high. It flowers twice in the season. Annual. • 279. LEPIDIUM. Gen. pi. 1077. ( Cruciferx.) Silicle emarginate, elliptic, cells 1 -seeded, valves carinate, dissepiment contrary. viiginicum. i # l. radical leaves pinnatifid, stem leaves linear- lanceolate, sub-cut-serrate ; flowers 4-petalled, diandrous, silicle lentiform. — Willd. smdPursh. Icon. Sloan. Jam. 1. 1. 123. f. 3. (Pursh.) Wild Pepper-grass or Pepper-wort. From twelve to fifteen inches high. Flowers very minute. In stony roads and way -sides, on dry soil, and in dry fields, every where common. Whole plant tastes pepperish. Biennial. All summer. TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. 53 298. THLASPI. Gen.pl. 1078. (Crucifera.) Siiicle emarginate, obcordate, many seeded : valves navicular, with a carinate margin. — Nutt. 1. T. hirsute, siiicle deltoid-obcordate, radical Bursa pasto- ris. leaves pinnatilid. — Willd. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1485. Shepherd? $ Purse, One of the common weeds growing every where, even in the crevices of brick pavements. It sometimes covers whole fields. The young radical leaves are brought to market and sold for greens, in the spring of the year. Annual. From April till October. , r ORDER II. SILIQUOSA. 299. DENTARIA. Gen. pi. 1087. (Cmcifene.) Silique springing open elastically and the valves " nerveless" and revolute. Dissepi- ment partly fungose. Stigma emarginate. Calix longitudinally conuivent. — JVutt. 1. D. leaves thrice ternate, folioles tripartile-li- laciniata. near-oblong, cut-dentate ; roots tuberous, mo- niliform. — Willd. D. concatenata, Mich. Jagged-leaved Tooth-wort. A handsome plant, near a foot high. Flowers pale-purple and white. On the shady hilly woods bordering the Schuyl- kill, near the falls, particularly on rocks ; also, on the rocky banks af the Wissahickon, very common. Perennial. May. VOL. II. 6 54 TETRAD YNAMIA, SILIQUOSA. heterophyiia. 2. D. stem 2-leaved, leaves ternate, petiolate, leaflets linear, sublanceolate, acute, entire, mar- gin asperate, ciliatc; radical leaflets ovate-ob- long, incisely and grossly toothed. Obs. The smallest species with which I am acquainted. Root concatenately and also simply tuberous, tubers oblong, dentoid. One radical leaf always present upon a long petiole arising from the base of the scape, deeply toothed, dentures obtuse, with a small abrupt point; cauline leaflets very rarely subserrate, generally entire, invariably ciliated, nearly linear, more than an inch long, and only about 2 lines wide. Corymb small, about 9-flowered; flowers pale purple, nearly the size of those of Cardamine pratehsis, petals oblong, entire, longer than the stamina. Flow- ering in June. Figure Pluk. Amalth. t. 435. f. 2. ? but in this figure the leaves are a little toothed. — Natt. D. heterophyiia, Nutt. In the shady fir woods on the banks of the Wissahickon ; Mr. Nuttall. I have not met with it. 300. BARBAREA. R. Brown. ( Crucifer filiform, drooping peduncles ; fruit distant, al- 1 58 MONOECI A, TRIANDRIA. ternate, oblong-rostrate, bifid, twice the length of the ovate-mucronate scale. — Willd. C. debilis, Mich. C. tenuis, Rudge in Lin. trans, t. 7. p. 79. Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ddd. et Aaaa. f. 124. Zigzag -spiked Sedge. In the sandy, low wet grounds of Jersey and the Neck. Pe- rennial. June. * * * Male spike solitary, female ones pedunculate, sheaths almost none. miiiacea. 30. C feminine spikes three, pedunculate, 8-flow- ered, upper ones sessile ; fruit ovate-triquet-' rous, shortly rostrate, entire at the mouth, longer than the oblong-emarginate aristate scale. — TVilld. Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ooo. f. 151. Millet Sedge. In the shady woods bordering the Wissahickon. Perennial. July. riparia. 31. C. masculine spikes four, feminine two, erect, cylindrical, pedunculated,* fruit oblong, many- nerved, rostrate, bifurcated, longer than the oblong- mucron ate scale. — Willd. C. lacustris, Willd. and Pursh. Strand Car ex. A very large species, every where common on the shores of the Delaware. Perennial. June. Mr. Collins, who has paid very close attention to this diffi- cult genus, informs me, that all the species enumerated by Dr. Muhlenberg, with the exception perhaps of six or eight, grow within ten miles of Philadelphia. The above are all the species I have yet met with. 348. COMPTONIA. Gxrtner. (Amentacece.) Masc. Ament cylindric, scales 1 -flowered; corolla none. Stamina 3 or % filaments simple. Fem. Jiment ovate. Calix at MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA. 159 length 6-leaved. Corolla none. Styles 2. Nut oval, 1 -celled. — J\Tutt. 1. C. leaves long-linear, alternately crenate-pin- aspienifbiia. natifid. — Willd. Liquidambar poregrinum, Syst. Veg. 860. L. aspleni folium, Sp. PI. 1418. Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t. 19. Sweet Fern. Fern-leaved Gale, <$*c. About two feet high. Whole plant possessing a fine aro- matic, resinous odour. Possesses medicinal properties. (See Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In Jersey, on the bonders of woods ; very common. On the high banks of the Wissahick- ©n, abundant. Perennial, April. ORDER IV. TETRANDRIA. 349. ALNUS. Willdenow. Sp. pi. 4. p. 334. (Amentaeece .) Masc. Anient composed of 3-flowered, cu- neiform truncated receptacles. Calix the scales of the ament. Corolla 4- parted. Fem. Calix scales 2-flowered. Corolla none. Seeds compressed, ovate, apterous. — JSTutt. 1. A. leaves obovate, acuminate; veins and axills *emiiata. of the veins hairy underneath ; stipules ellipti- cal-obtuse. — Willd. Betula serratula, Ait. B. rugosa, Ehrh. Icon. Mich. f. Arbres forest, vol. 3. p. 320. t. 4. Common Jllder. Candle JUder. Hazel *ilder. A shrub from five to twelve feet high, growing in great quantities along the margins of all our waters, and in swamps. It is said to possess medicinal properties. b_ • March, April. 2. A. leaves subrotund-cuneate, obtuse, subretuse, giutinosa? glutinous ; axills of the veins villous beneath. — Willd. 160 MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA. Betula Alnus, Sp. PI. 1394. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1508. Alder-tree. On the banks of creeks and other waters; rare. \ . April. 350. BCEHMERIA. Gen. pi. 1421. (Urtiae.) Masc. Calix 4- parted. Corolla none. Nec- tary none. Fem. Calix and corolla none. Seed 1, compressed. — Nutt. cyiindrica. 1. B. leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, acuminate, dentate, glabrous ; flowers dioicous ; male spikes glomerate, interrupted, feminine cylindrical; stem herbaceous. — Willd. Urtica cyiindrica, L. and Mich. Icon. Sloan. Hist. Jam. 1. t. 82. f. 2. An ordinary looking' plant, from eighteen inches to two feet high. In shady places along the margins of water courses ; not rare. Perennial. June, July. 351. URTICA. Gen. pi. 1422. (Urtica.) Masc. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Nec- tary central, mostly cyathiform. Fem. Ca- lix S-valved. Corolla none. Seed 1, shin- ing. — Nutt. pumiia. 1. U. leaves opposite, ovate-acuminate, three- ner- ved, serrated ; lower petioles the length of the leaves; flowers monoicous, triandrous, capi- tate-corymbose, shorter than the petiole. — Willd* Pellucid Nettle. Rich Weed. A common looking plant, varying in size from two inches to fifteen. Leaves and stem shining, smooth, pellucid. Near springs and rivulets ; in shady damp places, and in moist woods near water-courses; every where abundant. Perennial. August. MOXOECIA, TETRAXDRIA. 161 2. L. leaves opposite, cordate, ovate-lanceolate, d »o«ca- deeply serrated : flowers dioicpus ; spikes pa- niculated, glomerate, in pairs, longer than the petiole. — JVilld. Icon. Fl. Dan. 746. and Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. 3. t. 146. Common Nettle* From one to two feet high, always growing in quantities to- gether. Nettle was formerly much used as a medicine. (See Woodville ;) it is still employed in domestic practice. In wastes and among rubbish near habitations, introduced, but naturalized. Perennial. June, July. 3. U. leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, eaphata? serrated, three-nerved, twice as long as the peti- ole ; glomeruli spiked ; spikes solitary, shorter than the leaf, leafy ahove ; stem naked. — Willd. and Piwsh. About the same size as Xo. 2, which it resembles. Along the margins of the Delaware, both sides, in thickets; com- mon. Perennial. July. 4. U. leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, canadensis serrated, every where hispid; panicles axillary, for the most part in pairs, divaricately and very much branched, the lower ones masculine, long- er than the petiole, the upper ones elongated, feminine; stem very hispid and stinging. — mud. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 237. f. 2. Hemp Nettle. A large and common looking plant, from two to six feet high. Leaves large. The bark of this species affords a fine strong hemp, well worth attention. In shady woods and thickets along the Schuylkill; common. Perennial. July, August. VOL. II. 15 162 MONOECIA, PENTANDRIA. 352. MORUS. Gen. pi. 1224. (Urtic*.) Masc. Calix 4-parted. Corolla none. Fem. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Styles 2. Calix becoming a berry. Seeds solitary. —JVutt. rubra. i. M. leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, or three iobed, equally serrated, rough, pubescent be- neath; feminine aments cylindrical. — Willd. Icon. Mich. arb. forest. 3. p. 232. t. 10. J Red Mulberry. The red Mulberry tree is well-known. Its wood is durable, *Jn the borders of fields in the neighbourhood. 1% . June. ORDER V.-- PENTANDRIA. 353. AMARANTHUS. Gen. pi. 1431. (Amaranthi.) Calix 3 or 5-leaved. Corolla none. Stamina 3 or 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1 -celled. 1 -seeded, opening all round. — Nutt. aUms. 1. A. glomeruli axillary, triandrous ; stem four- angled, simple. — Willd. Icon. Willd. amaranth, t. 1. f. 2. (Pursh.) A common weed, in the suburbs of our city and liberties ; and near habitations elsewhere in the neighbourhood. Flow- ers very inconspicuous. Annual. All summer. hybridus, i. A. racemes pentandrous, decompound, crowded, erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate. — Willd. Cluster-Lowered Amaranth. Also a common weed, in cultivated grounds and wastes. Annual. All summer. MONOECIA, HEXANDRIA. I6r 3. A. glomeruli axillary, in pairs, triandrous ; 'WW masculine flowers triphyllous; leaves elliptical, cmarginate, undulated on the margin. — fVilld. Amaranth, Green-flowered Amaranth. Also a weed, found among rubbish ; but rather rare. An- nual. July. August. 4. A. racemes pentandrous, terminal, compound ; spinosns. axills spinous. — Willd. Amaranth. Prickly Amaranth. One of the commonest weeds in our country — it always grows in large quantities together. Stems red and sometimes the leaves. About two feet or more high, very much branched. In the streets of the suburbs of our city and liberties, and all the villages in the neighbourhood; in wastes and on road- sides ; abundant. Full of thorns. Annual. All summer. ORDER VI. HEXANDRIA. 354. ZIZANIA. Gen. pi. 1433. (Gramine*.) Masc. Calix none. Corolla S-valved, awn- less. Fem. Calix none. Corolla 2-val ved ? cucullate, awned. Style 2-parted. Seed i, invested by the corolla. — JSTutt. 1. Z. panicle pyramidal, masculine, divaricating aquatica. below, above spiked and feminine; props of the flowers clavate, awned, long; seed long. — Pursh. Z. aquatica, Lambert, in Lin. tran. 7. p. 264. Z. palustris, L. Mant. 295. Gron. Virg. 148. and Schreber, Gram. p. 54. t. 29. Z. clavulosa, Mich. Icon. Lambert, as above, (excellent.) « 1 64 MONOECfA, POLYAXDRIA. Tuscarora Rice. Wild Rice. Indian Rice. From three to six feet high. On the shores of the Dela- ware and Schuylkill, and in ditches in the Neck, in profusion. Perennial. July, August. ORDER VI. POLYANDRIA. 355. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 1440. {Xajades.) Calix 4-cleft. Petals % caducous. Stamina % 6, or 8. Germs 4. Styles none. Stig- mas pubescent. Seeds % coated. — JWtt. ambiguum. i. M. stem floating, dichotomous ; leaves petiolate, pseudopinnate, the lowest capillary, emerging ones pectinate, uppermost nearly entire, sub- serrate; anthers partly oblong. — Obs. Stem dif- fusely dichotomous, floating, radicles often sim- ple. Leaves attenuated below so as to appear petiolated, pectinately pinnatifid; immersed leaves divided into long capillary segments, di- visions of the upper leaves short, setaceous and acute, from one to five pair; uppermost leaves often oblong-linear and nearly entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, bibracteate, bractes dentiform, acute. Germ quadrangular, angles terminating above in the segments of the calix. Calix 4 -parted, divisions oblong-ovate, erect, concave, reddish. Stamina the length of the calix, sheathed by its segments, not exserted; filaments minute; anthers somewhat oblong. Styles none. Stigmas 4, roundish and villous or pencillate. Fruit 4 coated, cylindric-oblong seeds, furnished with internal sutures, and at- tached to a minute setaceous axis. — JVutt. Myriophyllum-Ptilophyllum, ambiguum, Nutt. In springs, ponds and ditches, in Jersey ; common. MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 177 364. L1QUIDAMBAR. Gen. pi 1452. (Amentacet.) Masc. Ament conic, surrounded with a 4- leaved involucrum. Calix and corolla none. Filaments numerous. Fem. Anient glo- bose, also surrounded with a 4-leaved in- volucrum. Calix 1 -leaved, urceolate, 2- flowered. Styles 2. Capsules 2, surround- ed by the base of the calix, 1 -celled, ma- ny-seeded. — JYutt. 1. L. leaves palmate; lobes acuminate, serrated, styraciflua. sinus at the base of the veins, villous. — Wilhl. and Purslu Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p. 194. t. 4. Sweet Gum-tree. The wood of this tree has a hard fine grain. In woods, rare, V> . May. 365. JUGLAXS. Gen. pi. 1446. {Ament acece.) Masc. Ament imbricated. Calix consisting of scales. Corolla 5 or fi-parted. Stamina 18 to 36. Fem. Calix 4-cleft, superior. Corolla 4- parted. Styles 1 or 2. Drupe partly spongy ; not rugose, and irregularly f urro w ed . — Natt. 1. J. foliohs numerous, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, nigra. subcordate, narrow above, the underside and the petioles sub-pubescent; fruit globular, rough, dotted; nut corrugated. — Willd. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest, l.p. 157. t. 1. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 67. Black Walnut. t A stately tree, affording 1 an excellent durable wood for cabi- net ware, and an esculent nut. In the rich woods of our neigh- bourhood, very common, bj ■ April. 16* 178 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 366. CARYA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 220. (Amentacex.) Masc. Anient imbricated. Calix 3-parted scales. Corolla none. Stamina 4 to 6. Fem. Calix 4-cleft, superior. Corolla none. Styles noue. Stigma partly discoid, 4-lobed. Pericarp 4-valved. Nut sub- quadrangular, even. — Nutt. cathartic i. C. folioles about 15, lanceolate, roundish-ob- tuse at the base, tomcntose beneath, slightly serrated ; fruit oblong-ovate, viscid, on a long peduncle; nut oblong-acuminated, remarkably rough . — Mich. f. Juglans cathartica, Mich. f. J. cinerea, Willd. J. oblonga, Mill. Diet, and Retz. Obs. 1. p. 10. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 2. Butter-nut. Oil-nut. White Walnut. Purging Hickory -nut. I have met with this tree several times in this neighbour- hood, where it had the appearance of being indigenous. \ . April, May. laciniosa. 2. C. leaves large ; folioles 7-9 pairs, ovate, acu- minate, serrated, sub-tomentose, the odd one petiolated ; fruit large, ovate ; nut oblong, thick, moderately compressed. — Mich. J. Juglans laciniosa, Mich. f. J. compressa, /3. macrocarpa, Muhl. J. mucronata, Mich. fl. Am. J. sulcata, Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. 1. 8. Thick Shell-bark Hickory. Springfield or Glou- cester-nut. This species is frequent about twelve miles from Philadel- phia, near Springfield. I have found it a mile or two south-east of Woodbury. lj . April. MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 1T9 3. C. folioles 5, large, on long petioles, ovate-acu- squamosa. minute, serrated, villous beneath, the odd one sessile; masculine ainents compound, glabrous and filiform: fruit globose, depressed, large: nut compressed, whitish. — Mich.f. Juglans squamosa, Mich. f. J. comprcssa, Gaert., NVilld. ; and Muhl. in now act. soc. nat. scrut. berol. 3. p. 390. J. alba, Mich. fl. Am. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 7. Shell-bark Hickory. Shagg-bark Hickory. Scaly- bark Hickory, The common shell-bark nuts which arc so well-known and so highly esteemed, are the fruit of this tree. In all our woods, frequent. ^ • April. leaflets about 5, oblong-lanceolate; sharply serru- gmia-ocar/ja. late, and conspicuously acuminate, on both sides smooth, beneath glandular, terminal leaf- let subpetiolate ; fruit subglobose, pericarp thin ; nut partly quadrangular, small and rather thin shelled, mucro obsolete, truncate. — JSftitt. Juglans compressa, ex.. inicrocarpa, Muhl. Carya microcaipa, Nutt. On the banks of the Schuylkill, on the road to the fills. This is rather a variety of No. 2, as Muhl. considered it, than a distinct species, as it is made by Mr. Nuttall. ^ • May. 4. C. folioles 7-9 pairs, slightly serrated, conspi- tomemosa. cuously villous beneath, the odd one sub-petio- late ; ainents compound, very long, filiform, re- markably tomentose; fruit globose or oblong; nut quadrangular, thick and very hard. — vUich.f. Juglans alba, Willd. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 186. t. 6. Common Hickory. Mocker-nut Hickory. White- heart Hickory. This is the commonest species in our neighbourhood. The 180 porcina. MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. nuts are known by the name of Hickory-nuts, in contradistinc- tion to those of No. 2, which are called shell-barks. The shell of the present species is very thick, and difficult to crack. The kernel is also difficult to be got at, but sweet tasted. lj . April. 5. C. tree large ; folioles 7-9 pairs, smooth, con- spicuously serrated, the odd one on short pe- tioles ; fruit subrotund-ovate, above the suture a little prominent; nut even, sub-globose, mucro- nate; shell fragile, the kernel bitter. — Mich. J. Juglans amara, Mich, and others. Bitter-nut, White Hickory. Swamp Hickory. In rich woods, common, and astringent. 1? ■ May. The kernel is exceedingly bitter 6. C. leaves 5-7 pairs, ovate, acuminate, glabrous ; masculine aments compound, filiform, glabrous; fruit pyriform or globose; nut small, smooth, very h ard . — Mich. f. a, obcordata. fmit globose ; nut obcordate, Mich.f Jlrbr. forest. 1. p. 206. t 9. f. 3 and 4. Juglans obcordata, >\ illd. ,t ficiformis. fruit turbinated ; nut oblong, Mich. f. Jlrbr. forest. 1. p. 209. t. 9. f. 1 and 2. Juglans glabra, Willd. Pig Nut. Hog Nut. Broom Hickory. The fruit of this species is not, in genera], esculent, though I have sometimes tasted it not disagreeable. The wood of the present tree is made into what are called hickory -brooms, for washing pavements, &.c. Common. ^ • April. 367. ARUM. Gen. pi. 1387. (Aroidex.) Spatha cucullate. — Spadix above naked, be- low feminine, in the middle staminiferous. MOXOKCIA, VOLYANDR1A. 1 G9 st utellatc ; acorn depressed-globose. — Willd. and Pursh. Q. tinctoria angulosa, Mich. Qucrc. Q. discolor, Willd. nov. act. soc. nat. scrut. bcrol. 3. p. 399. Q. velutina, Lamarck. Black Oak. Quercitron. Dyer's Oak. In the liilly woods of our neighbourhood. ^ . May. 7. Q. leaves oblong, pinnatifid-scolloped, pubes- discolor. cent beneath ; lobes oblong, dentated, bristly - mncronate; cup turbinate; acorn ovate. — Willd. and Pursh. Q. tinctoria sinuosa, Mich. Querc. Icon. Abbot's Insects, 2. p. 111. and. 56. Black Oak. Red Oak. Two-coloured Oak. Resembles No. 4, very much. Found with it. lj . May. 1 1 1 Leaves deeply scolloped and lobed. 8. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol- «>ccinea. loped, glabrous ; lobes divaricate, dentated, acute, bristly-mucronate ; cup turbinate, re- markably scally; acorn short-ovate. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 18. t. 31, 32. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 116. t. 23. Scarlet Oak. In rich woods ; very rare. ^ . May. 9. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, glabrous, «!»■ obtuse, scolloped ; lobes somewhat acute, denta- ted, with a bristly point; cup scutellate, near- ly even; acorn sub-ovate, turgid. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 20. t. 55. 36. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 126. t. 26. 170 MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. Red Oak. The finest timber tree among the oaks. V May. In all our woods. taicata. 10. Q. leaves on long petioles, obtuse at the base, tomentose beneath, three-lobed or scolloped; lobes sub-falcate, with a bristly point, terminal, elongated; cup crateriform ; acorn globose. — Mich.Jl. Jlnur. Q. elongata, Willd. Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 16. t. 28. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 104. t. 21. Spanish Oak. Downy-red Oak. In the low woods of Jersey. Jj . May. paiustris. 11. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol- loped, glabrous; axills of the veins villous be- neath: lobes divaricate, dentated, acute, with a bristly point; cup scutellate, even; acorn sub- globose. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 19. t. 33. 34. Mich, f. Arb. forest. 2. p. 123. t. 25. Swamp Spanish Oak. Fin Oak. Leaves small. In low damp woods. \ . May. Banisteri. 12. Q. leaves on long petioles, obovate-cuneiform, three or five-lobed, margin very entire, with an ash-coloured tomentum beneath : lobes with a bristly point; cup somewhat turbinate; acorn sub-globose. — Mich, fi, Jlmer. Q. illicifolia,' Willd. and Wangh. Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 15. t. 27. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 96. t. 19. Bear Oak. Black Scrub Oak. Dwarf Red Oak. Banister's Oak. A small species, being little else than a shrub ; from 4 to 6 feet high. On the high banks of the Wissahickon, near Lang- stroth's mills, abundant. Jj • May. MONOECIA, POLYANDUIA. 171 intermediate lobe longest; cup hemispherical; gland sub-globose. — Willd. Q. nigra, Sp. PI. 1413. Q. uliginpsa, Wangh. Amer. (Pursh.) Icon. Mich. Quere. n. 11. t. 19. t. 20. fig. I, 3, 4, 5, and t. 21. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 89. t. 17. Water Oak. In the swampy woods two miles south-east of the Buck-inn, on the Lancaster road ; very rare. The leaves of this species vary very much. \ . May. »igra« 5. Q. leaves coriaceous, cuneiform, subcordate at base; apex dilated, retuse, sub-three-lobed ; younger ones mucronate, glabrous above, rusty- pulverulent beneath; cup turbinated; scales ob- tuse, scarious ; acorn short-ovate — Willd. Q. nigra, & Sp. PI. 1413. Q. ferruginea, Mich. f. Arb. forest. 2. p. 92. Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 12. t. 22, 23. Mich. f. Arb. forest, t. 18. Catcsby. Car. 1. 1. 19. Barren Oak. Black Jack. Tn the sandy woods of Jersey, near Haddonfield and Wood- bury; not rare. \ . May. tinctoria. 6. Q. leaves obovate-oblong, very slightly scollop- ed, pubescent beneath ; lobes oblong, obtuse, ob- soletely denticulate, with a bristly point; cup MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA. 181 Calix and corolla none. Berry 1 or many- seeded. — J\Tutt. 1 . A. stemlcss ; leaves pedate ; tblioles lanceolate- Dracontium. oblong, very entire; spadix subulate, longer than the oblong-convolute spathe. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 271. f. 2. Green Dragon. Dragon Root. Pedate-leaved Wake Robin. About two feet high. Leaves large. On the "Wissahickon, and the borders of* the Schuylkill, west side ; rather rare. Pe- rennial. June. 2. A. subcaulescent ; leaves ternate ; folioles ovate, tripbyiium. acuminate; spadix clav ate, half the length of the ovate, acuminate, flat, pedunculated spathe; flowers monoicous. — TVilld. with a green spathe. * virem. Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 376. f. 3. with a purple spathe. £ atr» P urpu- Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 5. Indian Turnip. A singular looking plant with a hooded spathe, often pret- tily striped within, though sometimes entirely green with ob- scure white stripes. Possesses medicinal properties ; and a kind of arrow-root has been made from the root. In damp woods and copses, and in boggy ground ; common. Perennial. June. 3. A. stemless; leaves hastate-cordate, acute; lobes virgmicum. obtuse; spathe elongated, incurved ; spadix above, with a long column of masculine flow- ers. — IVilld. and Pers. Calla Virginiana, Mich. A plant not easily distinguished at a distance, from Sagitta- 182 MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA. ria sagittifolia, and growing- with it in profusion. From one to three feet high. Spathe long, green, and rigidly involute. Pe- rennial. June. ORDER VIII. MONADELPHIA. 368. PINUS. Gen. pi. 1451. (Conifer*.) Masc. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none. Sta- mina many. Anthers naked. Fem. Calix a strobilus or cone ; scales 2-flowered. Corolla none. Pistil 1. JSTat alated. — JVutt. canadensis, 1. P. leaves solitary, flat, denticulated, somewhat distichal ; cones ovate, terminal ; scarcely long- er than the leaf. — Lambert, Monograph. Not. P. Canadensis, Du Roi. harbk. 2. t. 124. P. Americana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107. Abies Canadensis, Mich. f. Icon. Lambert, Monograph of the Pines, p. 50. t. 32. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 137. t. 13. Hemlock Spruce. A very large and fine tree. The boards and scantling made from its trunk are called hemlock timber. On the Wissahickon ; abundant. On the Schuylkill, often met with. I2 . May. nigra. 2. P. leaves solitary, four-angled, every where scattered, erect, upright; cones ovate; scales ellipitical; margin undulated, erose-denticu- late. — Lambert P. mariana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107. P. denticulata, Mich. Fl. Amer. Abies nigra, Mich. f. Icon. Lambert, monograph, p. 41. t. 27. MONOECIA, MONADELPH1A. 18; Black Spruce. Double Spruce. The extract of Spruce, is prepared from this tree. It is much used, particularly m making- a common and wholesome beverage, called spruce beer. On the Wissahickon ; not com- mon. I2 • May. 3. P. leaves short, in pairs; cones recurved, ob- in °P s - long-conical, the length of the leaves ; aculese of the scales subulate, upright. — Lambert. P. Virginian a, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 35. Icon. Lambert, monog. p. 18. t. 13. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 4. New Jersey Pine. Scrub Pine. Pitch Pine. A low, straggling', and very common species, particularly in Jersey. I2 • May. 4. P. leaves elongated, in pairs, and three's, slen- variabilis. der and a little channelled ,* cones ovate-coni- cal, nearly solitary ; aculese of the scales in- curved. — Lambert. P. niitis, Mich. f. Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 52. t. 3. Yellow Pine. ■ A very useful species, affording the hardest and best wood for floors, &c. In the pine woods of Jersey, and on the Wissahickon. \ . May. 5. P. leaves in three's with short sheaths ; mascu- 1-i s ida ' line aments erect-incumbent: cones ovate, scattered or aggregated ; spines of the scales reflexed. — Lambert. Icon. Lambert, monog. p. 25. t. 18, 19. Mich, f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 89. t. 8. Black or Pitch Pine. A tolerably large tree. In pine woods, Jersey, and on the Wissahickon. I2 . May. 184 MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA. 369. ACALYPHA. Gen. pi. 1461. (Euphori .) Masc. Calix 3 or 4-parted. Corolla none. Stamina 8 to 16. Fem. Styles 3, bifid. Capsule 3-grained, 3-celled, 3-seeded. — Nutt. ^virginica. 1. A. feminine flowers at the base of the masculine spike ; involucres ovate, acuminate, dentated ; leaves on short petioles; oblong-lanceolate, remote, obtuse-serrated. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. phyt. t. 99. f. 4. Virginian Three-seeded Mercury. An ordinary looking plant, found abundantly in all cultivated grounds, old fields, and on road-sides. Flowers inconspicuous. Annual. June to September. caroimiana. 2. A. feminine flowers at'thebase of the masculine spike; involucres cor date-den tated : leaves on long petioles, subrhomboid-ovate, serrated, very entire at the base. — Willd. and Walt. Carolinian Three-seeded Mercury. This species resembles No. 1, so closely, that most students would confound them with each other. The greater breadth of the leaves and the much longer petioles in the present spe- cies than in No. 1, will sufficiently discriminate them. Both species are occasionally found with leaves of dingy crimson colour. In similar places with No. 1 ; also common. Perennial. July. 370. EUPHORBIA. Gen. pi. 823. (Euforbics.) Involucrum caliciform, 8 to 10- toothed, ex- terior alternate dentures glanduloid or pe- taloid. Stamina indefinite/ 12 or more, rarely less ; feminine flower central, naked, solitary, stipitated. Styles 3, bifid. MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA. 185 1. E. glabrous, very much branched, spreading- hypericin-*. erect ; branches divaricating ; leaves opposite, serrated, oval-oblong, sub-falcate; corymbs terminal. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Cornm. prsel. 60. t. 10. Rob. ic. 11. Sloan's Hist. Jam. 1. t. 126. (Pursh.) St. John's-wort-leaved Spurge. About a foot or fifteen inches high. Whole plant often reddish, especially the leaves and their margins. Flowers small. The foliage has somewhat the habit of' a Hypericum. On the banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, three miles below Kaighn's point, abundant. In cultivated and neglected fields, common. Annual. July. 2. E. procumbent, adpressed j leaves small, op-macuiw*. posite, unequal at base, oblong, hairy; flowers axillary, solitary ; calicine appendices colour- ed. B. Icon. Jacq.Hort. vind. t. 186? (Pursh. } Pluk. aim. t. 65. f. 8 ? Spotted Spurge. A procumbent hairy plant, with leaves rarely more than three-eighth's of an inch long, and two eighth's broad, with a brownish spot or two in the middle. The plant varies in size, the stems being from two or three inches to fifteen long, and very much branched. Involucres white. Flowers very small. Y\ hole plant closely adpressed to the earth. It is often found in the crevices of our pavements. This does not appear to me to be the E. maculata of Willd. and it is not unlikely it is an entirely distinct species ; common- Annual. All summer. 3. E. procumbent (or semi-erect,) glabrous ; leaves ipecacuanha. o]t])osite, obroVate ei» lanceofcte? ot> Hnea^lan- \ ceolate ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, very long. B. J Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1 18. American Ipecacuanha, Ipecacuanha Spurge. #c. $c. A polymorphous plant both in the size and shape of the leaves, and varying in their colour. They are small, large, ovate, vot. ii. 17 186 MONOECIAj MONADELPHIA. oval, oblong, lanceolate, and linear-lanceolate, in different situa- tions, and vary in colour from apple-green to crimson. The root is large and from two to six feet long. Possesses medi- cinal virtues, being equal to Ipecacuanha as an emetic. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In the sandy fields of Jersey, opposite Southwark and not far from the Delaware ; also in those several miles below Kaighn's point, abundant. Perennial. April, May, and often in June and July. coroiiata. 4. E. umbel 5 to 3-cleft, dichotomous : involu- cells and leaves oblong*, obtuse ; calicine appen- dices petaloid, obovate. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 446. f. 3. Corollated Spurge. A fine species, from one to two and a half feet high, with ]arge or conspicuous white flowers. In Jersey, abundant, op- posite Southwark. On the edges of fields between Mar- ket-street bridge and Kingsess Gardens, and in similar places elsewhere. The leaves vary in breadth. Perennial. July, August. 5. E. umbel 4-cleft, dichotomous ; leaves oppo- site, lanceolate, very entire.- Icon. Blackw. t. 123. Willd. Mole-plant, Caper Spurge. A hardy plant, not a native of this country, but in this neigh- bourhood sometimes met with, in situations where it has the appearance of growing wild. On the "Wissahickon, near the paper mills. In Jersey, near Woodbury ; and near Frankford. Biennial. July, August. DIOECIA. VALLISNERIA. SALIX. FRAXINUS. NYSSA. ACNIDA. HUMULUS. SMILAX. DIOSCOREA. GLEDITSCHIA. POPULUS. DIOSPYROS. UDORA. MENISPERMUM. JUNIPERUS. [ 188] CLASS XX DIOECIA. ORDER II. DIANDRIA. Mitchell. Gen.pl. 1491. (Hydvocharides.) Masc. Spatlie ovate, 2-parted. Spadix cov- ered with minute flowers. Calix 3-parted. Fem. Spathe hind, 1 -flowered. Calix 3- parted, superior. Corolla of 3 petals. Stigmas 3, ligulate, seuiibiiid. Capsule valveless, 1 -celled, seeds numerous, parie- tally attached. (Stamina 2 and 6.) — J\Tutt, 1. V. leaves linear and obtuse, equal from the base, 3-nerved, margin minutely and acule- ately serrulate; male peduncles very short, fe- male ones spiral. — JYiitt. American Vallisneiia. Tape-grass, Channel-weed, Duck-grass, A very singular and interesting- aquatic plant, hardly more, as Pursh correctly remarks, than a local variety of V. spiralis. The peduncles of the female flower are always, more or less spiral, particularly in deep water. Leaves three or five feet long, and equal in breadth all their length — little more than a quarter of an inch broad. In the Schuylkill, Delaware, and ditches below the Navy -yard, common and abundant. This plant grows in great abundance in the Susquehanna, and con- stitutes the principal food of the Anas Vallisneria of Wilson, (Anas ferina) or canvass-back duck ; and it is said to give the food of that fowl its peculiar delicate flavour. Loose leaves, peduncles and flowers of this plant, are frequently found floating on the Delaware near the shores and among boats. Perennial. August. 372. SALIX. Gen. pi. 1493. (Amentacece.) Masc. JLment cylindric. Calix consisting of scales. Corolla none. Nectariferous glands. DIOECIA, DIANDRIA. 189 at the base of the stamina. Stamina 1 to 6. Fem. Flower as the male. Style bifid. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved. Seeds wool- ly.— Naff. f Leaves very entire or obscurely serrated. 1. S. leaves lanceolate-linear, very long, acuini- TiminaEa. nated, very entire, somewhat undulated, with a silvery silkenness beneath and scattered glands towards the margin; stipules small ; aments ap- pearing before the leaves ; scales nearly round, very hairy; germs sessile, ovate; style filiform ; stigmas acute, undivided. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. t. 2. f. 1. and 2. t. 5. f. 2. t. 21. f. e. f. g. Willow, Introduced, but often found on the margins of our waters, where it is naturalized. ^ . April. f f Leaves remote and obtuse, serrated. 2. S. leaves oblong-lanceolate, remotely serrated, longirostis. acute, glabrous above, flat and tomentose be- neath; stipules lunate, subdentate; aments ap- pearing before the leaves, diandrous ; scales lan- ceolate, obtuse, villous; germs pedicellated, lan- ceolate, silky ; style bifid ; stgimas bilobed. — Willd. and Pursh. S. longirostis, Mich. S. huniilis, Marsh.? S. conifera, Pursh. Icon. Wangh. Am. t. 31. f. 72. (Pursh.) Cone-hearing Willow. On the edges of woods near the Chester-road, eight miles below the city. )j . April. 3. S. leaves oblong, somewhat obtuse, glabrous, discolor. 17* 190 DIOECIA, DIANBRIA. remotely-serrated, very entire at the apex, glaiir cous beneath ; stipules deciduous, lanceolate, serrated ; aments appearing nearly at the same time with the leaves, diandrous, oblong, tomen- tose; scales oblong, acute, with black hairs; germs subsessile, lanceolate, tomentose ; style of moderate size; stigmas biparted. — WilUL and Fursh. Icon. Muhl. in annals of Bot. 2. t. 5. Red-rooted Willow, In low swampy grounds, nine miles south-west of Philadel- phia, not unfrequent. The twigs are tough and used for mak- ing baskets. \i . April. f ff Leaves thick and acute, serrated. * Triandrous. Viguia. 4. S. leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, base subcordate, rigid, glabrous, narrowly serrated ; serratures elongated below; petioles villous; stipules large, cordate, obtuse, glandular-ser- rated ; aments appearing with the leaves, sub- S-androus; scales lanceolate, covered with black wool ; germs on long pedicels, lanceolate, smooth ; style very short ; stigmas biparted.—- Willd. and Pursh. S. cordata, Mich., not Muhl. S. cordilblia, Herb. Banks, Mss. (Pursh.) Stiff-leaved Willow. In swampy hedges, on low grounds, two miles below Phila- delphia, not far from the Chester road. Also used for making baskets. >j • April. * * Diandrous. "petioiaris. 5. s. leaves lanceolate, every where serrated, smooth, glaucous-silky beneath, generally un- equal at the base ; stipules ternate, dentated, small; aments appearing before the leaves; DIOECIA, DIANDRIA. 191 loose ; scales obovate, obtuse, with black hairs ; germs on long pedicels, ovate, silky ; stigmas ■ sessile, 2-lobed. — Willd, and Pursh, 5. Pennsylvania, Hortul. Icon. Engl. Bot. 1147. On the margins of the Delaware, Jersey side, fy . April. 6. S. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, up- aiba. per and under sides sericeous, the smaller ser- ratures glandular,* stipules obsolete; aments appearing with the leaves, elongated; scales oval-lanceolate, of a uniform colour, pubescent; germs sub-sessile, ovate-oblong, becoming final- ly smoothish; style short; stigmas biparted, thick. — WiihL and Pursh, Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. t. 7 8. and t. 24. f. 3. (Pursh.) White Willow. A large tree, also introduced but completely naturalized. On the shores of the Delaware, and other waters in the neighbour- hood, and on road sides ; common. \ . April. 7. S. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, closely serrated, viteiijuia. glabrous above, discoloured, and somewhat silky beneath ; stipules none ; aments appearing nearly at the same time with the leaves, cylin- drical; scales ovate-lanceolate, of one colour, pubescent without ; germs sessile, ovate-lanceo- late, glabrous; stigmas sub-sessile, 2-lobed. — Willd, and Pursh, Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. 1. 11 and 12, and t. 24. f. 1. (Pursh.) Engl. Bot. 1050. Fellow Willow, Common on road sides. \ • May. 373. FRAXINUS. Gen. pi. 1597. (Jasmine*.) Calicc none, or 4- parted. Corolla none, or of 4 petals. Pistil 1. Samara l-seeded ; the wing lanceolate. — Nutt. 192 DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA. sambucifoUa. |. F. folioles petiolated, oval, serrated, sessile ; branches dotted. — Mich.f. Black-ash. Elder-leaved Ash. Water-ash. A large tree, not unfrequent in the neighbouring woods. \ . April. Americana. g. jr. petioles very entire, long, acuminated, pe- tiolated, glaucous beneath. — Mich.f. F. discolor, Muhl. White Ash. A large and useful tree. In our woods, common. \ . May. tomentosa. 3. F. folioles about nine, dentated, petiolated; branches and petioles pubescent-tomentose. — Mich. f. Red Ash. Jlsh. The commonest species, well known by the name of Ash. \. May. ORDER V. PENTANDRIA. aquatica. 374. NYSSA. Gen. pi. 1599. (Elceagni.) Hermaphrodite. Calix 5-parted. Corolla, none. Pistil 1. Drupe inferior. JSPut 1- seeded. Masc. Stamina 5, 8, 10 and i% } seated around a peltate gland. — JSTutt. 1. N. leaves ovate-oblong, very entire, acute at each end, glabrous; feminine peduncles 2-flow- ered ; berries short-ovate; nut obtuse-striate. — Willd. and Fursh. N. aquatica, L. and Mich. f. N. integrifolia, Ait. N. biflora, Mich, and Fursh. DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA. 19< Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 22. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 41. Large Tupelo. Gum Tree. Sour Gum. Pepe- ridge. Berries bluish -black. In swampy woods, particularly in Jersey. Rare. \i . April. 2. N. leaves oval, very entire ; petiole, middle s > lvatica< nerve and margin, villous; feminine peduncles long, generally 2-flowered; nut short, obovate, obtuse, striated. — Jlich.f. N. villosa, Mich. N. montana, Hortul. Gum. Black Gum. Sour Gum. Swamp Horn-beam. A fine tree, with indigo-blue berries. On the Woodlands. Jj . May. 375. ACNIDA. Gen. pi. 1521. (AtripUces.) Masc. Calix 5-parted. Corolla none. Fem. Calix 3-parted. Corolla none. Styles none. Stigmas 3, sessile. Capsule 1- seeded. — Nutt. 1. A. leaves lanceolate; capsules somewhat even, cannabis. acute, angular. — Willd. Smooth-fruited Jlcnida. An ordinary looking plant, from a foot to eighteen inches high. On the marshy shores of the Schuylkill and Delaware, among the large autumnal plants ; very common. Annual. July, August. 2. A. leaves oval -lanceolate; capsules obtuse, an rusocarpa. gled, rugose. — Willd. Icon. "Mich. fl. Am. 2. t. 50. 194 DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA. Rough-fruited Jlcnida. From three to four feet high, and robust, having the habit of an Amaranthus. On the bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens, and on that from the Navy-yard to Glou- cester point. Scarce. Annual. July, August. 376. HUMULUS. Gen. pi. 1523. (Urticce.) Masc. Calix 5-leaved. Corolla none. Fem. Calix 1 -leaved, obliquely spreading, en- tire. Corolla none. Styles 2. Seed 1, with- in the leafy calix, (or strobilus.) — JSTutt. Lapulus. 1. H. Hop. Common Hop, so useful in the brewing of malt liquor, is unquestionably indiginous on the shores of the Schuylkill and Delaware, in thickets, and in other places in the vicinity. Perennial. August. ORDER VI. HEXANDRIA. 377. SMILAX. Gen. pi. 1528. (Asparagi.) Masc. Calix 6-leaved. Corolla none. An- thers adnate to the filaments. Fem. Flow- er similar to the male. Style minute. Stig- mas 3. Berry 3-celled, superior; 1, 2, or 3-seeded.— Nutt. rotuudifoiia. 1. S. somewhat prickly ; leaves rotund-ovate, acu- minate, very even, cordate, 5-nerved; berries spherical. — Willd. and Pursh, Round-leaved Smilax. Green Briar. Common in hedges and thickets. Leaves very large. No. 2, and this species form impenetrable thickets in many DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA. 195 places near Philadelphia. All the species are indiscriminately called Brambles. Perennial. June. 2. S. prickly ; branches unarmed ; leaves coria- caduca. ceous, elliptical or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, recurved-acute, S-nerved ; umbels on very short peduncles. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Catesby Car. 1. t. 15. Deciduous Rough Bind-weed. Green Briar. Climbing over bushes and shrubs in thickets — very com- mon. Berries said to contain caoutchouc. Perennial. June. 3. S. stem terete, scandent ; leaves subrotund- peduncular;*. ovate, cordate, acuminated, 9-nerved ; umbels on very long peduncles. — Willd. and Pursh. S. pulverulenta, Mich. Long-peduncled Smilax. This species resembles No. 4, so closely as to be easily con- rounded with it. Peduncles longer. The flowers partake in a slight degree of the stercoraceous odour of those of No. 4. In the shady woods just above the falls of Schuylkill, net un- frequent. Perennial. June. 4. S. stem angular, erect, simple; leaves on long hcrbacea. I petioles, oval, 7-nerved ; umbels on very long peduncles: peduncle compressed; berry depress- ed-globular. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. alm.t. 225. f. 4. Stinking Rough Bind-weed. About two or four feet high. Flowers exhaling the smell of carrion, which attracts the carrion-flies. On the borders of fields and the edges of woods, above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, and elsewhere. Perennial. June. 5. S. prickly; leaves unarmed, ovate-lanceolate, sarsapariiia. cuspidate, sub-5-nerved, somewhat glaucous be- neath; common peduncle longer than the pe- tiole. — Willd. and Pursh. S. glauca, Mich. 196 DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA. Sarsaparilla. A climbing plant, in all swampy hedges of the neighbour- hood; common. Possesses medicinal virtues. Perennial. June. 378. DIOSCOREA. Gen. pi. 1530. (Jlsparagi.) Masc. Calix 6-parted. Corolla none. Fem. Flower as the male. Styles 3. Cajjsule 3- celled, triangular, compressed ; cells 2- seeded. Seeds niembranaceously margin- ed. — Nutt. giauca. i. D. leaves in four's, alternate, cordate, acumi- nate, glabrous, 9-nerved. B. D. glauca, Muhl. D. quaternata, Walt ? Smooth-leaved Fam-root. A twining plant, found in thickets and hedges ; not very common. Perennial. June. uiiosa. 2. j). leaves alternate, opposite, and verticillated, cordate, acuminated, pubescent beneath, 9-nerv- ed : lateral nerves simple. — Willd. and Fursh. D. quinata, Walt. D. paniculata, Mich. Icon. Jacq. ic. t. 626. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim. t. 575. f. 5. Villous-leaved Yam-root. In similar places, and sometimes in fields; common. Pe- rennial. June. 379. GLEDITSCHIA. Gen. pi. 1526. (Leginninos-.e.) Hermaph. Calix 6 to 8 parted, deciduous, 3 or 4 of the exterior segments smaller. Corolla none. Stamina 5 or 6, rarely 8. Legume flatly compressed, 1, or many- seeded. Masc. Calix subturbinate, 5 to DIOECIA, OCTANDRIA. 19r 8-parted, 3 to 5 of the segments interior. Stamina to 8, (rarely 5. ) Fem. — JYutt. 1. G. spines stout, cross-branched ; folioles linear- tmcamho*. oblong ; legumens very long, compressed. — JJ'illd, and Pursh. G. meliloba, >Yalt. G. spinosa, Marshall. Icon. Duham, arb. 1. t. 195. (Pursb.) Micb. f. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 164. Sweet Locust, Honey Locust Three-thorned Locust, A large and handsome tree, found abundantly along" roads in the Neck and elsewhere, in the vicinity of this city, but al- ways, perhaps, originally planted in such places. Jj . July. ORDER VIII. OCTANDRIA. 380. POPULUS. Gen. pi. 1531. (Amentace*.) Masc. wlment cylindric. — Calix consisting of lacerated scales. Corolla turbinate, ob- lique, and entire. Fem. Flower as in the male. Stigma 4 or 6-lobed. Capsule 2 or 3-valved. Seeds beset with long wool. — Nutt. 1. P. leaves subrotund-ovate, acute, unequally grar.diden- scolloped, with large teeth, glabrous, the younger tala ' ones villous ; petioles compressed above. — Willd, and Pursh, P. Canadensis, Mich. Large Aspen. Poplar Occasionally met with in the neighbouring woods. I? . April. VOL. II. 18 198 DIOECIA, OCTANDRIA. 381. DIOSPYROS. Gen. pi. 1598. (Guaiacannc.) Masc. Calix 4 to 6 -cleft. Corolla urceolate, 4 to 6-cleft. Stamina 8 to 16 ; filaments often producing % anthers. Fem. Flower as the male. Stigmas 4 or 5. Berry 8 to 1 2- seeded . — Nutt. Yirginiana. 1. D. leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, reticulate-veined; pelioles pubescent; buds gla- brous. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Catesb. Car. 2. t. 76. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 12. Persimon-tree. The fruit when ripe and touched by the frost is quite pleasant, but is very astringent and acerb, otherwise. On the borders of woods and in fields. On the Delaware between Kaighn's point and the next ferry below, near Woodbury ; abundant. I2 • May. 382. UDORA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 242, (Chiagra.') Spathe bifid. — Masc. Calix 3-parted. Co- rolla of 3 petals. Stamina 9, 3 of them interior. Fem. Calix 3-parted, tube very long. Petals 3. Sterile filaments 3. Utri- culus about 3-seeded. Seeds cylindric. — Nutt. canadensis, l. U. flowers triandrous, hermaphrodite; stigmas ligulate, reflexed, bifid; leaves ternate, linear, acute. — Pursh, Udora Canadensis, Nutt. Elodea Canadensis, Mich. Serpicula verticillata, Muhl. S. occidentalis, Pursh. Hottonia serrata, Willd. Syn. 1. p. 171. DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA. 190 — • An aquatic plant, with very small deep-green leaves, and small white flowers. Abundant in ditches, on the low over- flowed banks of the Delaware, Schuylkill, and Wissahickon. Perennial. July. ORDER XL POLYANDRIA. 383. MEXISPERMUM. Gen. pi. 1544. (Menisperma.) Masc. Calix subbibracteate, about 6-leaved, caducous. Petals 6 to 9, glandular, mi- nute and retuse. Stamina 16, or 18 to £4. Anthers adnate to the filaments, 4-lobed, 2-celled. Fem. Flower as the male. Germs and styles 3 to 6. Drupes mostly solita- ry, 1 -seeded. JSTut lunate, compressed. — Nutt. 1. M. leaves peltate, cordate, subrotund-angular; canademe. racemes compound. — Willd. and Pursh. Moonseed. A climbing plant, with ordinary greenish -yellow flowers, and black berries. Possesses medicinal virtues. On the bank walk from Kaighn's point to the next ferry below, in thickets. On the banks of the Schuylkill near Breck's island; rare. Peren- nial. July. ORDER XII. MONADELPHIA. 384. JUNIPERUS. Gen. pi. 1552. (Comfcrce.) Masc. Ament ovate. Calix consisting of scales. Stamina 3. Fem. Calix 3-part- ed. Petals 3 ? Styles 3. Berry 1 or 2- seeded, tubercular. Seeds nuciform. — JVutt. 200 DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA. communis, i. J. leaves in three's, spreading, mucronate, long- er than the berry. — Willd. Juniper -tree. Common juniper grows abundant on the high banks of the Wissahickon. ^ . May. vhginiana. 2. J. leaves in three's, adnate at the base, the younger ones imbricated, the old ones spread- ing — Willd, Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p. 42. t. 5. Red Cedar. Red cedar also grows in profusion on the Wissahickon, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood. \i . May. CRYPTOGAMIA. EQUISETUM. LYCOPODIUM. OPHIOGLOSSUM. BOTRYCHIUM. - OSMUNDA. POLYPODIUM. ASPIDIUM ONOCLEA. ASPLENIUM. PTERIS. WOODWARDIA. ADIANTUM. DICKSONIA. ISOETES. 18* [ 202 ] CLASS XXL— CRYPTOGAMIA. (FILICES.) 385. EQUISETUM. Gen. pi. 1614. Floral receptacles peltate, many-angled, col- lected into a spike. Indusium corniculate. Stamina 4. Style none. Seed 1. — Nutt, arrense. 1. E. barren stems simply branched: branches somewhat rough, four-angled ; fructification simple; sheaths cylindrical, incised-dentate; teeth acute. — Willd. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 167. (Pursh.) Field Horse-tail, In wet fields near water courses; common. Perennial. May. svivaticum. o # j£ # barren and fruit-bearing stems doubly- branched ; branches roughish, deflexed, four- angled; branchlets sub-triquetrous. — Willd, enum. and Willd, Icon. Schk. filic. t. 166. Fl. Dan. 1182. Wood Horse-tail. In sandy woods bordering the Delaware, several miles be- low Kaighn's point ; rare. Perennial. April. hyemaie. 3, E. stems simple, erect, very rough, bearing spikes at the top; sheaths discoloured, base and apex sphacelate; teeth aristated, entirely caducous. — Willd, Icon. Schk. filic. t. 172. Bough Horse-tail, Scouring Rush. Scour-grass, From two to three feet high. The cuticle of this species contains sftfex. Hence it is used in polishing pewter and * CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 20; brass ware. On the sandy shores of the Delaware near thick- ets, between Kaighn's point and the ferry ifflow. Not com- mon. Perennial. July. 386. LYCOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 1615. Capsules reniform, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many- seeded. Seeds very minute, resembling po vvder. — JYutt. i . L. stem erect, branches alternate, dichotoinous ; compiana- leaves 2-rowed, connate, spreading at the top, tum ' the superficial ones solitary and adpressed ; pe- duncles quadrifid, (bur-spiked; spikes terete, cylindrical. — Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 78. Dill. Muse. t. 59. f. 3. Flat Club-moss. In woods, especially in Jersey ; common. Perennial. July. 2. L. stem erect, branches alternate, crowded, dendroide dichotomous, spreading; leaves scattered, six- U ' rowed, linear-lanceolate, spreading; spikes so- litary, terminal and sessile. — Willd. L. obscurum, Sp. PI. 1566. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 164. Dill. Muse. t. 64. f. 12. Ground Pine. Very common in shady woods, where it creeps and covers a great space of ground. This and No. 1, are made into festoons to ornament looking- glasses, pictures, &c. at Christ- mas. Most frequent in Jersey. Perennial. July. 3. L. stem repent, branched ; branches subdivid- mpestre. ed, adscendent; leaves sparse, imbricated, li- near-lanceolate', ciliate, piliferous ; spikes soli- tary, sessile and terminal. — Willd. Icon. Schk.filic.t. 165. Dill. Muse. t. 63. f. 11. Running Club-moss. A small species, quite local in this neighbourhood, but abundant where found. On the flat rocks near the Delaware, between Gray's ferry and Kingsess-gardens. Perennial. July. 204 CRYPTOG A MIA, FILICES. luc.dutam. 4. L # leaves ^-rowed, linear-lanceolate, denticu- lated, acute, open-reflexed ; stem adscendent, bifid.— mild. L. reflexum, Schk. Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 56. f. 2. Shining Club-moss. In low damp or wet places, near spring's in wet woods; not uncommon. On the Wissahickon; abundant. Perennial. July. apodum. 5. L. leaves two-rowed, subrotund, ovate, acute, flat, denticulate; stem branched, radicating at the base; spikes terminal, sessile and solitary. —wm. Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 64. f. 3. A small and pretty species, growing in damp shady woods. Perennial. July. 6. L. stem repent, somewhat branched ; branches % simple, elongated, adscendent, one-spiked at top ; leaves linear-subulate ; base ciliate, den- tate, spreading; spike sessile, leafy. — Willd Icon. Schk. filic. t. 160. Dill. Muse. t. 62. f. 6. alopecu- roides. Walking Fern. In boggy grounds, common. Perennial. July. vulgatum. 387. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Gen. pi. 1621. Capsules naked, 1 -celled, connate in an arti- culated distichal spike, S-valved, opening transversely. — JSTutt. 1. O. spike cauline; frond ovate, obtuse; nar- rowly reticulated. — Willd. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 153. Fl. Dan. 147. Common Adder* s-tongue. A singular and very rare species. I have only found it in the small woods immediately north of Powelton, and borderingthe east edge of Mantua-road. Scarce there. Perennial. June. 388. BOTRYCHIUM. Swartz, Synop. Filic. 8. Capsules subglobose adnate to the rachis of LRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 205 the compound raceme, separatepnaked, 1- celled, valves 2, connected benind, open- ing transversely. — J\Tutt. 1. B. scape below with one frond; frond sub-bi- obiiquum. ^ ternate ; foliol^s oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, dilated at the base, unequally cordate : spikes bipinnate. — Willd. Near a swamp on Cooper's creek, not far from the Bridge. Perennial. July. 2. B. scape below with one frond ; frond three- dissecmm. parted-bipinnatifid ; segments linear, 2-cleft; 2-toothed at the apex. — Willd. Icon. Schk. fdic. t. 158. Pluk. amalth. t. 427. f. 5. On the edges of woods, on the Schuylkill and Wissahickon ; and on the Botannic-garden ground of the University of Penn- J sylvania. Perennial. June. 3. B. hirsute; scape in the middle of the frond ; virginicum. frond subternate, 3 parted, bi-pinnatifid ; folio- les incised-pinnatifid; segments obtuse, sub-tri- dentate; spikes bi-pinnate, divaricate. — Willd. and Pursh. Botrypus Virginicus, Mich. Osmunda Yirginica, Sp. PI. 15T9. O. multifida, Gmel. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 156. Rattlesnake Fern. A large and very elegant species, very common in all our fertile woods, delighting in shade and moisture. I have twice received this plant from Kentucky, with an assurance that it was an Indian remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake ; hence the name above, and not as Pursh supposes, because the plant grows near the haunts of that reptile. The roots and stems taste like Ginseng, and the hot infusion of the whole plant is an agreeable-flavoured tea. Perennial. June. 206 CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 38^ OSMUNDA. Gen. pi. 1622. Capsules suoglobose, pedicellate, striate, se- mi-bivalvular and paniculated. Indusium none. — JSTutt. rinnamomea. l. O. sterile frond pinnate .; pinnee pinnatifid ; seg- ments ovate-oblong, obtuse, very entire; stipe woolly, the fructifications bipinnate, woolly. — Willd. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 146. Cinnamon Fern. Tall Osmunda. A large fern, with long ferruginous fructificatory spikes. In all low meadows, bogs, and in the borders of streams and ditches. Common. Perennial. June. interrupts 2. O. fronds pinnate, glabrous; pinnse opposite, pinnatifid ; segments oblong, acute, very entire; \, pinnae somewhat intervening between the fruc- tification. — Willd. O. basilaris, Sprengel. Anlitung. 3. p. 160. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 144. Interrupted Osmunda. Same size as the preceding, and found in similar places, and in woods. Easily known by the interrupted spikes of fructifi- cation. Common. Perennial. June, July. spectabiiis, 3. O. frond bi-pinnate ; pinnulse oblong, somewhat obtuse, narrowly serrulate, truncate, and une- qual at the base, all alternate ; panicle bipin- nate, bearing fruit at the top of the frond. — Willd. and Mich. 0. regalis, /3, Sp. PI. 1521. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 184. f. 4. Rotjal Osmunda. Flowering Fern. Grows always in bogs, swamps and meadows. A very ele- gant fern, with brownish fruit proceeding from the top of the frond. Common. Perennial. Julv. CRYPT0GAM1A, FlLft^f.* 207 390. POLYPODIUM. Swartz, Synopl Sori (or small clusters of capsu(^oimdisli, scattered. Indusium noue. — JWtt. 1. P. frond deeply pinnatifid; segments linear-Ian- vui gare . ceolate, obtuse, crenulate, near together, upper ones gradually smaller; sorse solitary; caudex j>aleaceuus. — WilUL Icon. Schk. filic. t. 11. Common Polypody. On rocks in the neighbourhood, and in woods; common. Perennial. July. 2. P. fronds deeply pinnatifid ; segments lanceo- rugfeiec late, obtuse, very entire, near together, upper ones gradually smaller; sorse solitary \ ; caudex naked. — Willd. Icon. Petiv. filic. t. 7. f. 9. Plum. Amer. t. 36. filic. t. 77. (Pursh.) Virginia Polypody. Resembles the preceding very much, and grows with it. It is perhaps no more than a variety. Perennial. July. 4 P. fronds bipinnate, somewhat smooth ; pinna? iiexagonopu- t\v<>, deflexed below; segments lanceolate, ob- rum " tuse, ciliated — of the lower pinnae incised-cre- nate, of the upper very entire, lower ones ad- nate-decurrent ; sorse minute, solitary. — Willd, Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 284. f. 2. Schk. filic. t. 20. b. In damp shady woods, among other ferns ; rare. Perennial. July. 20S % OMPTOGAMIA, FILICES. ID1UM. Swartz, Synop. filic. 3. Nephrodium, Mich. Sori roundish, scattered. Indusium umbili- cate or opening on one side. — JWtt. acrostichoi- i. A. fronds pinnate ; pinnse lanceolate, falcafip, acute, ciliate-serrated ; upper base mucronate- auriculated, lower fructificant and smaller; stipe and rachis paleaceous ; sorse solitary, at length, confluent. — Willd. A. auriculatum, Schk. Nephrodium acrostichoides, Mich. Terminal Shield Fern. On the rocks in the vicinity of our waters, common ; also in woods. Perennial. June. mat*'n*ie. £ # a. fronds bi-pitniate ; pinnulse oblong, obtuse, decurrent, crenate, the folds deepest at the hase : sora3 marginal ; stipe paleaceous. — Willd. Polypodium marginale, Sp. PI. 1522. Nephrodium marginale, Mich. Icon. Schk. fdic. t. 45. b. Marginal Shield-fern. In shady woods, particularly on rocks. Perennial. July. intermedium. 3. a. fronds bi-pjnnate ; pinnulse linear, pinnati- fid-incised; segments sub-mucronate, serrated at the apex; stipe paleaceous. — Willd. Large Shield-fern. A large and well-marked ^species. In the woods of Jersey, among other ferns — more rare west of the Delaware. Peren- nial. July. novebora- 4. A. fronds pinnate; pinnse linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments oblong, somewhat obtuse, nearly entire, ciliated ; sorse marginal ; stipe even. — Willd. and Pursh. CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 209 A. thelypteroides, Swartz. Nepbrodium thelypteroides, Mich. Polypodium noveboracense, Sp. PL 1552. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 46. New Fork Shield-fern. On the Wissahickon and Schuylkill. Not common. Peren- nial. July. 5. A. fronds bi-pinnatc ; pinmilre linear-lanceo- nspienoides. late, incised, and serrated ; serratures 2 or 3- toothed, terminal, more acute; sori oblong, lunate. — Jf'illd. Nepbrodium asplenoides, Mich. Polypodium Pennsylvania, Muhl. in Litt. Asplenium Athyrium, Sprengel, Anleitung, 3. p. 113. Icon. Schuk. filic. t. 78. Dark or Spleen-wort Shield-fern. In similar places with the preceding 1 species. Not uncom- mon. Perennial. July. 5. A. fronds bi-pinnate, oblong-lanceolate; pin- buibiferum. nulse opposite, oblong, obtuse, serrated, lower ones pinnatifid ; rachis bulbiferous; sori sub- rotund. — WMd. Fob podium buibiferum, Sp. PL 1553. .Nephrodium buibiferum, Mich. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 57. Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort. Varies in size very much. In shady woods, particularly on rocks. Rare. Perennial. July. 392. ONOCLEA. Willd. in Mag. Ges. naturf. fr. z. berol. 1809. p. 160. Capsules densely covering the back of the 19 210 sensibilis, CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. frond. Indusia squamiform, connate in the form of berries and not expanded. — Nutt. 1 . O. barren frond pinnate ; pinnse lanceolate, acute, incised, dentate, upper ones co-adunate, the fruit-bearing ones bi-pinnate; pinnulse recurved, globular, glabrous ; rachis glabrous. — Willd. Icon. Scbk. filic. t 102. Pluk. Mant. t. 404. f. 2. rhizophyl* I tun. Sensitive Fern. In meadows, the borders of fields, open woods, and thick- ets ; very common. Slightly sensitive. Perennial. July. 393. ASPLENIUM. Swartz. Synop. filic. p. 4. Sori linear, transversal, scattered. Indusia arising from the lateral veins, and open- ing towards the rib. — JVutt. 1. A. fronds lanceolate, stipitate, sub-crenate; base auriculate-cordate, top very long, linear- filiform, radicant. — Willd. Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 105. f. 3. Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort. A singular species, rooting at the elongated ends of the leaf. On the rocks of the Wissahickon and Schuylkill. Perennial. July. gpinnatifi. fronds lanceolate, stipitate, pinnatifid, point at- 'dum. tenuated, roundish, ovate. B. A very distinct variety, but not, I think, a species, for I have found pinnatifid and lanceolate leaves together on No. 1. yg. I have only found on the rocks close to the Schuylkill, east Side, a mile south of the falls. July. ebenum. 2. A. fronds pinnate, pinnse sessile, lanceolate, serrulate, cordate at the base, auriculated above. —Willd. CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 211 A. polypodoides, Svvartz. A. tricliomanoidcs, Mich. Acrostichum platy neuron, Sp. PI. 1527, excluding the synonym. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 73. Pluk. aim. t. 287. f. 2. et t. 89. t 8. Ebony Sjjleen-wort. A beautiful species, from six to twelve inches high, stem deep shining black. On the rocks bordering the Schuylkill, in rich shady woods, and on the grassy borders of copses ; common. Perennial. July. 3. A. fronds pinnate ; pinnae subrotund, obtuse, meianocau crenate, cuneate attne base $ otipo aioooio«noj. lon * —WiMd. enum. A. trichomanes, Mich. A small and beautiful species, with a very polished black stem. With No. 2, common. Perennial. July. 4. A. fronds bi-pinnate at the base, simply pin- Ruta . nate at the top ; pinnulse rhomboid-oblong, ob- tuse; apex obtuse, denticulate. — TVilld. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 80. b. FL Dan. 190. A very small species, from one to three inches high. Ex- ceedingly rare, and scarce when found. In the crevices of the highest rocks on the Wissahickon. Perennial. July. 394 PTERIS. Gen. pi. 1626. Sori continuous, linear, marginal. Indusium from the inflected margin of the frond, opening inwards. — JWtt. 1. P. frond pinnate, three-parted, barren ,• branch- aquiiina. cs bi-pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate, obtuse, pinnatitid-dentate; fructiticatory ones pinnate,* 212 CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. pinnulse pinnatifid; segments somewhat acute, all ciliated. — WiUd. and Pursh. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 95, 96. b. Common Brake. A large and handsome fern. Baron Humboldt says the in- habitants of Parma and Gomera make a kind of bread of the roots, which are large. On the edges of fields, in woods, and on dry soils, very common and abundant, especially in Jersey. Perennial. August. 395. WOODWARDIA. Smith, act. taur. 5. p. 411. t. 9. f. 5. Sori oblong, distinct, straight, parallel with the libs of the frond on either side. Indu- sia superficial, arched, opening inwards* — JVUfc onoc'.eoidts. l. W. barren fronds pinnatifid ; segments lanceo- late, repand, very slenderly serrulate, fruit- bearing ones pinnate ; pinnae linear, very entire, acute.— WiUd. W. angustifolia, Smith, act. taur. W. floridana, Schk. Onoclea nodulosa, Mich, and Swartz. Acrostichum areolatum, Sp. PI. 1526. Osmunda Caroliniana, Walt. Icon. Schk. filic. p. 103. t. 111. Grows in swamps, Jersey; not uncommon. Perennial. 396. ADIANTUM. Gen. pi. 1633. Sori oblong or roundish. Indusia membra- naceous, arising from the margin of the frond and opening inwards. — Nutt. pedftnm. l. A. frond pedate, branches pinnate ; pinnae di- mediate, oblong, lineate, upper margin incised; sterile segments dentated ; fertile ones very en- tire; sori linear ; stipe glabrous TFilld. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 115. Pluk. aim. t. 124. f. 2. CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES. 213 Maiden-hair. Mow-liair. With the exception^of Botrychium Virginicum, this is the most elegant fern in our neighbourhood. From one to two feet high. Stem dark, smooth, and shining. In rich shady woods; very common. Possesses medicinal virtues? Peren- nial. July. 397. DICKSONIA. L'Herit. sert. angl. 30. Sori punctiform, marginal, subrotund, dis- tinct. Indusium double, alternate, superfi- cial, exterior gaping, the other marginal gaping within. — -JSTutt. 1. D. fronds bi-pinnate; pinnulae oblong-lanceo- piiosimcuia. late, pinnatifid, upper margin of the segments incised-dentate; rachis somewhat hairy. — Willd. D. pubescens, Schk. Polypodium pilosiusculum, Muhl. in litt. Hairy IHcksonia. Small-fruited Dicksonia. From twelve to fifteen inches high. In shady woods, and particularly on rocks; common. Perennial. July. 398. ISOETES. Gen. pi. 1620. Capsule membranaceous, not gaping ; frond immersed at the base, 1-locular. Seed an- gular, inserted into the numerous filiform receptacles. — JSTutt. 1. 1, frond subulate, semi-terete. — Willd. lacmtris. Icon. Schk. filic. t. 173. Fl. Dan. 191. Dill, mus. t. 80. f. 1. From one to two inches high. In a boggy wood south of Laundreth's Gardens, and on the overflowed shores of the Delaware, above Kensington ; very abundant. Perennial. July. 19* [" 214 J ADDENDA. TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA. To genus Aristida, No. 50. p. 53. vol. 1, add the following species : No. 2. Aristida stricta; stems and leaves very upright; raceme long; spike contracted; awns longer than the glume; leaves convolute, fili- form, smooth. — Mich. Perennial. June. Within the limits of this work; Mr. Collins. No. 3. Aristida oligantha; culm upright, very much branched ; leaves convolute-filiform ; flow- ers distant, solitary ; awn long-divaricating. — Mich. A. adscendscionis, Walt. Perennial. June. Also within the limits of this work. B. TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. To the genus Plantago,No. 80. vol. 1. p. 88, add the following species : 4. Plantago hybrida; leaves subulate-linear, entire, rigidly acute, shorter than the scape, not wool- ly at the base; scape terete, slender, slightly pubescent; spike long and slender, cylindrical, rather loose; spikelets below, remote; bractes acute. B. Plantago maritima, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. Root annual. Plant from two to three inches high, leaves very numerous, about one inch long in mature specimens, often not exceeding 1 half an inch, destitute of any thing like wooli- Jiess at the base. Scape slender, longer than the leaves, round and slightly pubescent under a lens. Spike cylindrical, not ex- ceeding one-eighth of an inch in diameter, from half an inch to two inches long, and of a green and sienna colour, not deep brown or blackish, as in the European and American speci- mens of P. maritima. Scapes nearly as numerous as the leaves. This species, which is decidedly distinct from the P. maritima, I found four years ago, in the exsiccated canal on the road to Lemon-hill, close to the high gravel banks. I there found it two years in succession, and on transplanting it into my gar- ADDENDA. 215 den it produced seeds which came up the succeeding- spring. The mature specimens preserved the characters of the plant as given above. I have before me a specimen of Plantago ma- ritima, collected in Scotland by Dr. Edward Barton, and a specimen of the same species collected in New England, which I received from Mr. R. Griffiths, jr. These two plants differ from each other some little, but as the P. maritina is said to be a polymorphous species, the discrepancy is not of much account. But from both the plant I have called hybrida above, is strikingly and specifically distinct. Mr. Collins informs me he has found specimens of the hybrida, in the same locality I have identified above. Flowers in April, May. PENTANDRIA. To Menyanlhcs trifoliata, 104. vol. 1, add the fol- lowing locality : In a bog half a mile south-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey ; abundant. Perennial. To viola concolor, p. 125. vol. 1, add the following synonyms : Viola stricta. Ionia stricta, Persoon. To Triosteum perfoliatnm, p. 115. vol. 1, add the following additional locality : " On the bank walk from Kaighn's point to the ferry below,, and in a field near it; tolerably abundant." I have there found it this month; June, 1818. To Vitis, p. 116. vol. 1, add No. 5. Vitis Blandi. Elands' Grape. In Jersey, near the city; Mr. Collins. OCTANDRIA, DIGYNIA. To genus Acer, No. 189. p. 184. vol. 1, add the following species : No. 4. Acer saccharinuni ; leaves paImate-5 lobed, subcordate at the base, acuminate, sinu- 216 ADDENDA. ate-dentate, glaucous beneath; peduncles co- rymbose, nutant. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Mich. f. Arb. forest, vol. 1. Sugar Maple. \l . April, May. In the woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side. Page 186. vol. 1, before the synonyms of Polygo- num linifolium, add: Polygonum linifolium, Muhl. ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA. Rubus page 233. vol. 1. No. 6. Rubus flagel- lars, add the following additional locality : In Jersey between Kaighn's point and the ferry below; abundant. June, 1818. POLYANDRIA. To Caltha palustris, p. 22. vol. 2, add the follow- ing additional locality : On Cooper's creek and elsewhere common ; Mr. Collins. DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA. To genus Mentha, No. 265. vol. 2. p. 30, add the following species : No. 2. Mentha gracilis ; erect, somewhat smooth ; leaves lanceolate, ovate, subsessile; spike slen- der; whorls very small, interrupted; stamens not exserted. — Mich, and Pursh. M. gracilis. M. tenuis, Pursh. M. viridis, Walt. In wet places, and near springs and rivulets ; Mr. Collins. ADDENDA. 217 To genus Scutellaria, No. 278. page 38. vol. 2, arid the following species : No. 6. Scutellaria parviflora. N. B. Before the genus Phryma 9 \o\. 2. p. 40. insert ORDER II. ANGIOSPERMIA. DIDYNAMIA, ANGIOSPERMIA. 399. BUCHNERA. Gen. pi. 1035. Calix 5-toothed. Tube of the corolla slender, border 5-cleft, nearly equal; lobes cordate. Capsule 2-celled. — Nutt. 1. B. stem simple; leaves lanceolate, subdentate, Americana. rough, three-nerved; spikes remote-flowered.—- Willd. and Pursh. This plant dries quite black. I have found it very common and abundant in Maryland, along the edges of dry sandy woods ; but have never met with it in this neighbourhood. In sandy grounds, Jersey; Mr. Collins. 400. SCHWALBEA. Gen.pl. 1001. Calix ventricose, tubular, obliquely 4<-cleft; upper segment shortest, the lower large and emarginate or bidentate. Corolla bila- biate, upper lip entire, arched, the lower 3-lobed. Capsule ovate-subterete, 2-ceiied, 2-valved; dissepiment produced by the in- ilected margin of the valves, and parallel 218 ADDENDA. with the longitudinal receptacle. Seeds numerous, imbricated, linear and alated. —Nutt. Americana. i. S. simple, pubescent; leaves lanceolate; raceme terminal; flowers alternate. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Lam. Illustr. 520. Pluk. Mant. t. 348. f. 2. In Jersey, within ten miles of this city; Mr. Collins. To the genus Orobanche, No. 293. vol. 2. p. 49, add the following species, which is not an un- common plant in our neighbourhood, but has been inadvertently left out in my manuscript. No. 2. Orobanche uniflora: scape naked, one- flowered; calix without bractes; corolla recurv- ed. — Willd. and Pursh. Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 348. f. 3. Outflow ertd Orobanche. A very singular and handsome parasitic plant, growing in bunches of several stems together. Whole plant of a snow white hue, and resembles an artificial wax flower. In fertile woods. Perennial. June, July. TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQULOSA. The following common plaint has been inadver- tently omitted in it^f proper place : 401. Cardaniine Pennsylvania; glabrous, bran- ched ; leaves pinnate ; folioles nearly roundish, oblong, obtuse, angular-dentate; siliques nar- row, erect. — Willd. and Pursh. ADDENDA. 219 Pennsylvania Water Cress. From six inches to a foot high. Flowers white, small. Whole plant peperish. In low meadow-grounds, and near rivulets and springs; common. Perennial. May. DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA. To genus Lathyrus, No. 314. vol. 2. page 72$ add the following species : No. 2. Lathyrus venosus; stem naked, four-an- gled; stipules semi-sagittate, ovate, acuminate; folioles very numerous, nearly alternate, ovate, obtuse, mucronate, veined; peduncles shorter than the leaf, 5-10 flowered. — Willd. sindPursh. Flowers purple. Perennial. July. Within the limits of this work; Mr. Collins. To Andromeda paniculate add the following synonym : Andromeda ligustrina, Muhl. Cat. 2d ed. Yaccinium ligustrinum, L. SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS. To genus Cnicus, No. 306. p. 94. vol. 2, add the following species : 5. Cnicus arvensis ; leaves sessile, pinnatifid, some- what smooth, ciliate, very spinous ; stem panicu- late; calices ovate, mucronate; scales broad- lanceolate, ad pressed, woolly on the margin. — Pursh. Carduus arvensis, Smith. 220 ADDENDA. Serratula arvensis, Willd. Icon. Fl. Dan. 644. Engl. Bot. 975. Canada Thistle, Flowers purple, smaller than those of Nos. 1, 2, 3 or 4. Since printing 1 the foregoing pages I have been directed for this plant by Mr. Collins to the neighbourhood of the forge at the corner of Vine-street and the Ridge-road, where I found it abundant. Mr. C. has found it elsewhere. Perennial. July. GYNANDRIA. To Cypripedium humile, page 145. vol. 2, add to the English name, « Noah's Ark? The following plants, I am informed by Mr. Col- lins, have been found in this neighbourhood: viz. Aster rigidius. Agrostis sobolifera, (flat rock-bridge, Schuylkill.) Chara glabra. Chara foliosa. Erigeron strigosum. *^No. 402. Elephantophus Carolinianus. v Rudbeckia fulgida. No. 403. Scleria paucifolia. Scleria triglomerata. V No. 404. Uniola gracilis, (Jersey.) No. 405. Viscum purpureum, Muhl. X. B. Cvperus minimus, for which I quoted Dr. Clever, on the authority of Mr. Nuttall, has not, the Doctor informs me, been found by him within the limits of this book. Rhododendron maximum, or Great Mountain Laurel, I have found in the woods near Gray's ferry, where it appears to be wild. July, 1818. INDEX TO THE GENERA. A. B. Aclxa 9 Brasenia . . 26 Aquilegia - 12 Brachystemum - JO, oo> . let loo Cyamus . 26 Arethusa - 141 Clinopodium - - 34 Arethusa 144 Cli nop odium . 36 Aristolochia 145 Chelone . . 47 Asarum 146 Chelone . 48 Alnus 159 Cardamine . . 57 Amaranthus 162 Cardamine (addenda" Alisma 166 Corydalis . . 68 Arum 180 Crotalaria - . 71 Abies 182 Clitoria . . 83 Acalypha 184 Cichorium - . 88 Acnida 193 Cnicus . . 94 Aspidium 208 Carduus . 95, 94 Asplenium 210 Cirsium . . 95 Adiantum 212 Chrysochoma _ 96 Aristida (addenda) Critonia - . 97 Agrostis (do.) Cacalia - 102 Acer (do.) Conyza . 109, 108 Arundo (do.) Chrysocoma . 122 Andromeda (do.) Chry santh emum - 126 Anthopogon (do.) Coreopsis - 133 ,131 N. B. The wonls of the Index in Italics are synonymous genera, and areonfy to be found under other generic terms. Adj.. I1-, 20 £22 INDEX TO THE GENERA. Coreopsis - - 132 Calopogon - 141 Cymbidium - 144,143,141 Corallorhiza - 143 Cypripedium - - 144 Chara - - 148 Carex - - 150 Comptonia - 158 Corylus - - 173 Castanea - - 174 Carpinus - 176 Carya - - 178 Calla - - 181 Cypripedium (addenda) Caltha (do.) - Cardamine (do.) Cnicus (do.) - D. Draba - - 52 Dentaria - 53 Diclytra - - 68 Bolychos - - 83,81 Dalea - - 97 Dioscorea - - 196 Diospyros - 198 Dicksonia - - 213 E. Elodea - - 17 Euchroma - 48 Epifagus - - 50 Erysimum - 54 Erysimum - - 55 Ervwn - - 83 Eupalorium - 102, 97 Eupatorium - 98 Erigeron 106 and addenda Epidendrwn - - 142 Euphorbia - 184 Elodea - - 198 Equisetum - 202 Elephantopus (addenda) F. Fnmaria Filago Fagus Fraxinus Glechoma Gerardia Geranium Glycine 69, 68 105 173 191 44 63 82, 81 Glycine Galactia Galega Gnaphalium Goodyera Gleditschia H. Helianthemum Hypericum Hypericum Hydrastis Hepatica Hydropeltis Hyssopus Hibiscus Hedysarvm Hedysarum Hieracium Hyoseris Heliopois HeUiintkus Helenium Helianthus Habenaria Humulus Hottonia 1 Inula Isoetes Juglans Juglans Juniperus K. Krigia Kuhnia Liriodendron Lamium Leonurus Limosella Lepidium Lobelia Lupinus Lathy rus Lespedeza Le onto don - Lactuca Lactuca Liatris Limodorum ~ Listeria 82 83 85 103 - 138 196 6 14 - 17 22 - 23 26 31 65 80, 77, 76, 75 78 92 93 127 - 127 128 - 128 - 137, 136 - 194 198 108 213 177 178, 179, 180 199 93 96 18 32 33 42 52 60 71 72 and addenda 75 and addenda 88 90 91 96 141, 139 139 IXDEX TO THE GENERA. 22i Ijiquidambar - 159 Liquidambar - 177 Lycopodium - 203 Latbyrus (addenda) Lespedeza (do.) If. Mknandra - 7 Magnolia - 17 Mentba - - 30 Marrubium - 34 Melissa - - 37 Mimulus - 47 Melampyrum 49 Malva - 65 .Medicago - - 75 Mikania - 102 Malaria - - 142 Moms - 162 Myriophyllum - - 164 Menispermum - 199 Menyanthes (addenda) Mentba (do.) N. Nuphar - 10 Nymphaea - 11 JVymphcea - - 27, 11 A'elumbium - 27 Nelumbo - - 27 Nepeta - 31 Neottia - - 138 Neottia - 139 Nyssa - - 192 JYephrodiwn - 208 O. Orehidocarpum - 18 Origanum - 36, 35, 34 Origanum - 36 Orobancbe 49 and addenda Orcbis - 136 Ophrys - 142, 141, 139 Orchis Oplnoglossum Osmwida Osmunda Onoclea Portulaca Podophyllum Porcelia JP op id ago P. 139 204 205 206 209 7 9 18 22 Polichia . - 32 Pycnanthemum 34 Prunella . . 37 Pbryma - 40 Pedicularis . 46 Penstemon . 48 Polygala - 69 Pbaseolus . 81 Prenanthes . S9 Pogonia > 140 Parshia . - 165 Plata nus . 176 Pinus . - 182 Populus - 197 Polypodium . - 207 Polypoctium - 208 Pteris . - 211 Plantago (addenda) Polygonum Q. Quercus R. . 167 Ranunculus . 23 Rhinanthus . 45 Rapuntium - 60 Robinia . 84 Rudbechia - 127 Rudbeckia 130 and addenda Rubus (addenda) S. Sanguinaria 8 Sarrasinia - 10 Stachys - - 32 Satureja - 35 Scutellaria 38 and addenda Scrophularia - 43 Sisymbrium - - 55 Sida - 64 Stylosanthes - -75 Sonchus - 91 Seratula - 97, 96, 95 Suprago - 96 Solidago - 118 Senecio - 125 Silphium - - 127 Satyrium - 139, 138 Sparganium - - 149 Sagittaria - 165 Saiix - - 188 Smilax - 194 224 INDEX TO THE GENERA. Serpicula 198 ¥. Scutellaria (addenda) Urtica , . 160 Schualbea (do.) Urtica _ 160 Scleria- (do.) Udora _ 190 T. Uniola (addenda) Tilia 6 V. Thalictrum 19 Verbena m 40 Thalictrum - 20 Vicia m 72 Teucrium 30 Vernonia - - 96 Thymus 35 Verbesina m 132 Trichostema 39 Vallisneria m 188 Thlaspi 53 Viola (addenda) Turritis Trifolium 57 73 Vitis (addenda) Trifolium 75 Wanv&ra m 22 Tephrosia 84 Woodwardia m 212 Tragopogon 94 X^" Troximon 94 X. Tanacetum 103 Xanthium - 134 Typha 148 z. Triosteum (addenda) Zizania - 163 INDEX TO THE ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. American Columbine - 12 American Poplar - 18 Anemone, wild - 20 Anemone, Virginian - 20 Anemone, five-leaved - 20 Abortive-flowered Crow- foot - 24 Archangel, stem-clasping 32 Alehoof - - 33 Arrow-rattle-box - 71 American Vetch - 72 American Locust - 84 Acasia, false - 84 Aster, yellow - 108 Aster, heath-leaved - 110 Aster, soft-leaved - 110 Aster, willow-leaved - 111 Aster, spurious - 112 Aster, phlox-leaved - 112 Aster, waved-stemmed 112 Aster, spreading or various leaved - - 113 Aster, panicled - 113 Aster, heart-leaved - 114 Aster, corvmbose -flower- ed - - 114 Aster, dogwood-leaved 114 Aster, large-leaved - 115 Aster, red-stalked - 115 Aster, smooth - 115 Aster, small, or small-flow- ered - - 116 Aster, drooping - 116 Aster, diverging - 116 Aster, red-flowered - 116 Aster, showy - - 117 Aster, many-flowered 117 Aster, fringe-leaved - 117 Alder, common - 159 Alder, candle - - 159 Alder, hazel - 159 Alder tree - - 160 Amaranth, cluster-flower- ed - - 162 Amaranth, green-flow r ered 163 Amaranth, prickly - 163 Arrow-leaved Arrow-head 165 Arrow-head, arrow-leaved 165 Arrow-head, obtuse-leav- ed - - 165 Arrow-head, varying- leaved - - 166 Arrow-head, acute-leav- ed - - 166 Acute-leaved Arrow- head - - 166 American hazel-nut - 173 American chesnut - 174 American horn-beam - 176 American Ipecacuanha - 185 American Vallisneria - 188 Ash, black - - 192 Ash, elder-leaved - 192 Ash, water - - 192 Ash, white - 192 Ash, red - - 192 Ash - - 192 Acnida, smooth-fruited 193 Acnida, rough-fruited 193 Aspen, large - - 197 Adder's tongue, common 204 B. Bass-wood - - 6 Blood-root - 8 Black-snake-root - 13 Black-spotted St. John's- wort - 16 20* 226 INDEX TO THE Beaver- wood 18 Butter-cup - 25 Basil, hoary 34 Basil, flax-leaved 35 Basil, lance -leaved £1 *- Basil, common wild 36 Bairn 37 Bastard penny-royal 39 Bastard penny-royal, linear- leaved - - 40 Bastard vervain - 41 Beech-drops - - 50 Buffaloe-clover - 73 Bull's clover - - 74 Blue-flowered Sow-thistle 91 Burdock - - 94 Blue-blazing- Star - 96 Balm-leaved Hemp-weed 100 Bone-set - - 102 Blue-stemmed Golden- rod - - 123 Burr-marigold - 131 Burdock, lesser - 134 Burr-reed - - 149 Barren Sedge - 150 Buxbaums' Sedge - 154 Beaked Sedge - 156 Burner's Oak - - 168 Bartram'sOak - 168 Barren Oak - - 168 Blackjack - - 168 Black Oak - 169 Bear Oak - - 170 Black Scrub Oak - 170 Banister's Oak - - 170 Barren White Oak - 171 Beech-tree - - 174 Beech, white - 174 Beech, red - - 174 Birch, white - 175 Bircli, old-field - - 175 Birch, black - 175 Black Birch - - 175 Birch, paper - 175 Birch, canoe - - 175 Birch, cherry - 175 Birch, sweet - - 175 Button-wood - 176 ■Black Walnut - - 177 Butter-nut - - 178 Bitter-nut - - 180 Broom Hickory - 180 Black Spruce - - 185 Black or pitch Pine - 183 Black-ash - 192 Black Gum - - 193 Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort 209 Brake, common - 212 C. Celandine - - 8 Cohosh 9 Columbine, American - 12 Common St. John's-wort - 14 Custard Apple - 19 Cowslip, meadow - 23 Crow-foot, abortive -flower- ed - - 24 Crow-foot, scelery -leaved 24 Crow-foot, hispid - # 24 Crow-foot, creeping - 25 Creeping-crow-foot - 25 Crow-foot, common bulbous 25 Crow-foot, river - 26 Catmint Hyssop - 31 Catmint - 32 Catnep - - 32 Common wild Basil - 36 Common Marjoram - 37 Creeper Trumpet - 43 Common Louse-wort 46 Cow-wheat - - 49 Cancer-root - 50 Creeping W r ater-cress 55 Clayton's Lobelia - 60 Cardinal plant - 62 Common Crane's bill - 63 Crane's bill, common 63 Crane's bill, spotted - 63 Crane's bill, white-flowered 63 Crane's bill, small-flowered 64 Corydalis, golden-flowered 68 Clover, bufi'aloe - 73 Clover, white 73 Clover, red 73 Clover, bull's - - 74 Creeping Lespedeza (L. re- pens) - - 77 Common Thistle - 95 Cross-wort - - 102 Climbing Mikania - 102 Cacalia, orach-leaved - 103 Coffin-plant - - 104 Cudweed, plantane-leaved 104 Corymbose-flowered Aster 114 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. 22* Common Groundsel - Clover, Richardson's Chamomile, wild Chamomile, stinking Clotweed Cockle-burr Cats'-tail Cooper's-reed Cats'-tail, narrow-leaved Close-spiked Sedge Chaffy Sedge Cutting Sedge Common Alder - Candle Alder Common Nettle - Cluster-flowered Ama- ranth Chesnut White Oak Chinquapin Oak Chesnut, American Canoe Birch Cherry Birch - Cotton-tree Common Hickory Carolinian Three-seeded Mercury Corollated Spurge - Caper Spurge - Channel-weed Cone-bearing Willbw - Cedar, red Club-moss, flat - Club-moss, running - Club-moss, shining Common Adder's-tongue Cinnamon Fern Common Polypody Common Brake Canada Thistle, (addenda) D. Dioiccus Meadow-rue Dead-nettle Dutchmans' breeches Diverging Lespedeza Dandelion - Dr. Witt's snake-root Dead-mans' flower - Dogwood-leaved Aster Drooping Aster Diverging Aster - Dogs'-fennel 125 126 127 127 134 134 149 149 149 151 154 154 159 159 161 162 171 173 174 175 175 176 179 184 186 186 188 189 200 203 204 204 204 206 207 212 21 32 68 77 88 90 104 114 116 116 127 Dyer's Oak Downy red-oak - Dwarf red-oak Dwarf chesnut-oak Dragon Root Double Spruce Duck-grass - 169 170 - 17'0 173 181 183 - 188 Deciduous roughBindweed 195 Dicksonia, hairy, or small fruited - - - 213 E. Egyptian Bean - - 27 Entire-leaved Scull-cap 39 Emetic weed 61 Eupatorium, hyssop-leaved 98 Eupatorium, sessile-leaved 98 Elecampane, wild - 108 .Elecampane - - 109 Elm-leaved Golden-rod 120 Elder-leaved Ash 192 Ebony Spleen-wort P. 211 Fragrant Water-lily 12 Five-leaved Anemone 20 Flax-leaved Basil - 03 Fig-wort - 43 False Acasia 84 Fire-weed - - 121 , 90 Flea-bane, Philadelphia 107 Flea-bane, various-leaved 107 Fringe-leaved Aster 117 Fragrant Golden-rod 121 Fescue-like Sedge 153 Fern, sweet 159 Fern-leaved Gale - 159 Filbert, wild 173 Field Horse-tail 202 Flat Club-moss - 203 Fern, rattle-snake - 205 Fern, common 206 Fern, flowering 206 Fern, cinnamon - 206 Flowering Fern 206 Fern, sensitive - 210 G. Germander, nettle-leaved 30 Great Henbit 32 Ground Ivy - Gill no Gaping Monkey-flower 47 Geranium, wild 63 228 INDEX TO THE Golden-flowered Corydalis 68 Goats'-rue - - 85 Gall of the Earth - - 91 Glandulous Hemp-weed 99 Germander-leaved Hemp- weed - - 100 Golden-rod Aster - 109 Golden-rod, three-nerved 119 Golden-rod, large - 119 Golden-rod, rough - 119 Golden-rod, tallest - 119 Golden-rod, scabrous-leav- ed - - 120 Golden-rod, spreading- branched - - 120 Golden-rod, elm-leaved 120 Golden-rod, sharp-notched 120 Golden-rod, fragrant 121 Golden-rod, white -flower- ed - - 121 Golden-rod, late-flowering 121 Golden-rod, spear-leaved 122 Golden-rod, slender-leav'dl22 Golden-rod, blue-stemmed 123 Golden-rod, wave-stemm'd 123 Golden-rod, wrinkled-leav- ed - - 123 Golden-rod, stiff - 124 Golden-rod, great - 124 Great Golden-rod - - 124 Groundsel, common - 125 Groundsel - - 125 Groundsel, obovate-leaved 125 Groundsel, golden-flower- ed - - 126 Golden thickseed Sun-flow- er - - 132 Green Sedge - - 154 Gale, fern-leaved - - 159 Green-flowered Amaranth 163 Gum-tree, sweet - 177 Gloucester-nut - - 178 Green Dragon - 181 G'jm-tree - - 193 Gum, sour - - 193 Gum, black - - 193 Gum - - - 193 Green Briar - - 195, 194 Ground Pine - - 203 H. Herb Christopher - 9 Hispid crow-foot - - 24 Hvssop, catmint - 31 Henbit - - 32 Henbit Archangel - 32 Hedge-nettle - -33 Horehound - - 34 Hoary Basil - - 34 Hyssop-leaved Scull-cap 39 Hedge -mustard, officinal 56 Hibiscus, marsh - 65 Hares' -foot - - 74 Hop-trefoil, large - 74 Hop-trefoil, small - 74 Hop-trefoil, least - - 75 Hispid Stjlosanthes - 75 Hedysarum, different spe- cies - - 79, 78 Hawkweed, veined-leaved 92 Hyssop -leaved, Eupatorium 98 Hemp-weed, glandular 99 Hemp-weed, spear-leaved 99 Hemp-weed, Germander- leaved - 99* Hemp-weed, round-leaved 99 Hemp-weed, balm-leaved 100 Hemp-weed, three-leaved 100 Hemp-weed, hollow-stem- med - - 100 Hemp-weed, maculated 101 Hemp-weed, whorled-leav- ed - - 101 Heath-leaved Aster - 110 Heart-leaved Aster - 114 Hawk-weed - 125 Hog-weed, trifid-leaved 133 Hog-weed, wormwood- leaved - - 133 Hog-weed, tall - 134 Headed Sedge - 150 Hares'-foot Sedge - 152 Hairy-beaked Sedge 155 Hop-like Sedge - 156 Hazel Alder - - 159 Hemp-nettle - 161 Hazel-nut, American 173 Horn-beam, American 176 Hickory Nut - 178 Hickory, thick shell-bark 178 Hickory, shell-bark 179 Hickory, shagg-bark • 179 Hickory, scaly bark 179 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. 229 Hickory, common - 179 Hickory, mocker-nut - 179 Hickory, white-heart 179 Hickory, white - 180 Hickory, swamp - 180 Hickorv, broom - - 180 Hog Nut - 180 Hemlock, spruce - - 182 Horn-beam, swamp - 193 Hop - - 194 Honey Locust - 197 Horse-tail, field - - 202 Horse-tail, wood - 202 Horse-tail, rough - 202 Hairy Dicksonia " - 213 I. Indian Paint - 8 Indian Tobacco - 61 Indian Mallow, thorny 64 Indian Mallow, round-leav- ed - - 64 Ivy -leaf, white-flowered 89 Indian Sage - 102 Indian Rice - - 164 Iron Oak - - 170 Indian Turnip - 181 Ipecacuanha, American 185 Ipecacuanha, spurge 185 Interrupted Osmunda 206 J. Jagged-leaved Toothwort 53 Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia 130 Juniper Tree - - 200 K. Kidney-bean, perennial 81 L. Lime Tree - 6 Linden Tree - - 6 Lemon, wild - 9 Liver-wort, three-leaved 23 Linear-leaved bastard Pen- ny-royal - - 40 Louse-wort, pale-flowered 46 Louse -wort, common - 46 Lyre -leaved Wall-cress 56 Lobelia, Clayton's - 60 Lupin, perennial - - 71 Large Hop-trefoil - 74 Least Hop-trefoil - 75 Lespedeza, veined-leaved 76 Lespedeza, shrubby - 76 Lespedeza, violet-flowered 76 Lespedeza, diverging 77 Lespedeza, trailing - 77 Lespedeza, creeping-, (L. repens) - -77 Locust, wild - 84 Locust, American - 84 Lions'-foot 90 Long-leaved Wild Lettuce 90 Life-everlasting - 104 Large-leaved Aster - 115 Large Golden-rod - 119 Late-flowering Golden-rod 121 Lesser Burdock - - 134 Long-pointed Sedge - 156 Large Tupelo - - 193 Locust, sweet - - 197 Locust, honey - - 197 Locust, three-thorned 197 Large Aspen - - 197 Large Shield-fern - - 208 Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort 210 M. May-apple - - 9 Mandrake - - - 9 Many -stemmed St. Peter's- wort - - 13 Meadow-rue, dioicous - 21 Meadow-rue, rough-leaved 21 Meadow-rue, polygamous 21 Meadow-rue, purple - 22 Marsh Marigold - 23 Meadow-cowslip - 23 Mother- wort - - 33 Mug-wort - - 33 Marjoram, common - 37 Mud-wort - - 42 Monkey-flower, gaping 47 Monkey-flower, wing-stem- med - - 47 Mouse-ear Wall-cress or Turkey-pod - - 56 Mallow, round-leaved - 65 Marsh Hibiscus - - 65 Milk-wort, yellow-flowered 69 Myrtle-leaved Pea-vine 72 Maculated or spotted Hemp- weed - - 101 Mav-weed - - 127 Milfoil - - 12/ Marigold, burr - 1j1 ISO INDEX TO THE Many-flowered Aster Many-flowered Sedge Marginated Sedge Millet Sedge Mulberry, red Mountain Mahogany Mahogany, mountain Mocker-nut, hickory Mercury, Virginian, three seeded Mercury, Carolinian, three- seeded Mole-plant Moon-seed Marginal Shield-fern Maiden-hair Mow-haii' - N. Nettle-leaved Germander Nep Nettle-leaved Vervain Narrow-leaved Cats' -tail Nettle, pellucid Nettle, common - Nettle, hemp New Jersey Pine - New York Shield-fern O. Officinal Hedge-mustard Orach-leaved Cacalia Obovate-leaved Groundsel Ox-eye Daisey Ox-eye, smooth - Orchis, yellow-fringed Orchis, white-fringed Obtuse -leaved arrow-head Oak, willow Oak, Bartram's Oak, Burner's - Oak, various -leaved Oak, water Oak, barren Oak, black Oak, dyer's Oak, red - 170, Oak, two-coloured Oak, scarlet Oak, Spanish - Oak, downy-red Oak, pin Oak, swamp Spanish 117 151 155 158 162 175 175 179 184 184 186 199 208 213 213 30 32 41 149 160 161 161 183 209 56 103 125 126 128 136 136 165 167 168 168 168 168 168 169 169 169 169 169 170 170 170 170 Oak, bear 170 Oak, black scrub - 170 Oak, dwarf red 170 Oak, Banister's 170 Oak, upland white 171 Oak, iron 171 Oak, barren white 171 Oak, post 171 Oak, white 171 Oak, chesnut white - 171 Oak, swamp chesnut 171 Oak, swamp white 172 Oak, rock chesnut 172 Oak, yellow 172 Oak, chinquapin 173 Oak, dwarf chesnut 173 Old-field Birch 175 Oil Nut 178 Osmunda, royal 206 Osmunda, tall 206 Osmunda, interrupted 206 One-flowered Orobanche, (addenda) Orobanche, one-flowered P. Purslane 218 8 Puccoon 8 Pap aw 19 Polygamous Meadow-rue 21 Purple Meadow-rue 22 Penny-royal, bastard 39 Penny -royal, bastard linear- leaved 40 Purple Toad Flax 44 Pale-flowered Louse-wort 46 Painted Cup 49 Pepper-grass, wild 52 Pepper-wort, wild 52 Perennial Lupin 71 Pea-vine, myrtle-leaved 72 Perennial Kidney-bean 81 Potatoe-vine, wild 82 Poor Robert's Plantane 106, 92 Plantane-leaved Cudweed 106 Philadelphia Flea-bane 107 Plowman's Wort 110 Phlox-leaved Aster - 112 Panicled Aster 113 Panicled Sedge 152 Plantane Sedge U7 Pellucid Nettle . - 160 ENGLISH AND VLLGAR NAMES*. 231 Prickly Amaranth 163 Pin Oak 170 Post Oak 171 Paper Birch - 175 Plane-tree 176 Purging* Hickory-nut 178 Pig-nut 180 Pedate -leaved Wake Robin 181 Pine, New Jersey 183 Pine, scrub - 183 Pine, pitch - - 183 Pine, yellow - 183 Pine, black, or pitch 183 Pitch Pine - - 183 Peperidge - 193 Poplar - - 197 Persimon-tree - 198 Polypody, common 207 Polypody, Virginia 207 Pennsylvania Water-cress, (addenda) Q. Quercitron - - 169 R. Rock-rose 7 Rich-weed - 13 River crow-foot - 26 Rough Wound-wort - 33 Ransted-weed - ■ - 44 Round-leaved Indian Mal- low 64 Round-leaved Mallow - 65 Rattle-box, arrow - 71 Red Clover - - 73 Round-leaved Hemp-weed 100 Red-stalked Aster - 116 Red-flowered Aster - 116 Rough Golden-rod - 119 Richardson's Clover - 126 Rough-leaved Sun-flower 129 Rudbeckia, jagged-leaved 130 Reed-mace - - 149 Rose Sedge - 152 Round-spiked Sedge - 157 Rich-weed - - 160 Red Mulberry - 162 Rice, Tuscarora - - 164 Rice, wild - . 164 Rice, Indian - - 164 Red Oak - - 170, 169 RedChesnutOak - 172 Red Beech - 174 Red-rooted Willow - 190 Red Ash - 192 Rough-fruited Acnida 194 Round-leaved Smilax - 194 Rough Bind-weed, stink- ing - - 195 Red Cedar - 200 Rough Horse-tail - 202 Running Club-moss - 204 Rattlesnake Fern - 205 Royal Osmunda - 206 S. Spoon -w ood - 6 Side-saddle Flower - 10 Splatter-dock - 10 Small water Lily - 11 St. Peter's-wort, many stemmed - - 13 St. John's-wort, common 14 St. John's-wort, slender 16 St. John's-wort, black-soot- ted - - 16 Swamp Magnolia - 18 Swamp Sassafras - - 18 Sweet Bay - - 18 Swamp Laurel - 18 Small Magnolia - 18 Scelery -leaved Crow-foot 24 Sacred-bean of India - 27 Stem-clasping Archangel 32 Self-heal - - 37 Scull-cap, common 38 Scull-cap, slender - 38 Scull-cap, side-flowering 38 Slender Scull-cap - 38 Side-flowering Scull-cap 38 Scull-cap, entire-leaved 39 Scull-cap, hyssop-leaved - 39 Snap-dragon, wdd - 44 Snake-head - 48 Shad-blossom - 52 Shepherd's Purse - 53 Sickle-leaved Wall-cress 57 Smooth Tower-mustard 57 Spotted Crane's-bill - 63 Small-flowered Crane's-bill 64 Small Hop-trefoil - 74 Stylosanthes, hispid - 75 Shrubby Lespedeza - 76 Succory, wild - 88 232 INDEX TO THE Snake-root, Dr. Witt's 90 Sow-thistle, blue-flowered 91 Sow-thistle, yellow-flower- ed or common - 91 Stem-clasping Swine's-suc- cory - - 94 Swine's-succory, stem-clasp- ing- 94 Sessile-leaved Eupatorium 98 Spear-leaved Hemp-weed 100 Scabious - - 107 Scabious, sweet - 107 Sweet Scabious - 107 Star-wort, white-topped 109 Star-wort, savoury -leaved 110 Savoury -leaved Star-wort 110 Soft-leaved Aster Star-wort, umbelled-flow- ered - - - Spurious Aster Spreading Aster Smooth Aster - Small or small-flowered Aster Showy Aster Scabrous-leaved Golden- rod Spreading-branched Gold en-rod Sharp-notched Golden- rod Spear-leaved Golden-rod Slender-leaved Golden- rod Stiff Golden-rod Stinking Camomile Smooth Ox-eye Sneeze-weed - Soft-leaved Sun-flower Sun-flower, soft -leaved Sun-flower, throat-wort- leaved Sun-flower, small-flowered 129 Sun-flower, ten-petalled 129 Spanish-needles Sun-flower, golden thick seed Sedge, barren Sedge, headed Sedge, close-spiked Sedge, many-flowered 110 111 112 113 115 116 117 120 120 120 122 122 124 127 128 128 129 129 129 132 132 150 150 151 151 Sedge, panicled Sedge, hare's-foot Sedge, rose Straw-coloured Sedge Sedge, fescue -like - Sedge, straw-coloured Sedge, turfy Sedge, chaffy Sedge, cutting Sedge, green Sedge, Buxbaums' - Sedge, variable Sedge, marginated Sedge, hairy-beaked - Sedge, long-pointed Sedge, beaked Sedge, hop-like Sedge, round-spiked Sedge, yellow Sedge, plantane Sedge, tworedged - Sedge, zigzag-spiked - Sedge, millet Sedge, strand - Strand Sedge Sweet Fern Scarlet Oak Spanish Oak Swamp Spanish Oak Swamp Chesnut Oak - Swamp White Oak - Sweet Birch Sycamore tree Sweet Gum-tree Springfield Nut - Shell-bark Hickory Shagg-bark Hickory Scaly-bark Hickory Swamp Hickory Spruce, hemlock Spruce, black Spruce, double Scrub Pine St. John's- wort Spurge Spotted Spurge Spurge, St. John's-wort- leaved Spurge, spotted Spurge, corollated Spurge, caper Stiff-leaved Willow 152 152 152 152 153 153 153 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 156 156 156 157 157 157 157 158 158 158 158 159 169 170 170 171 172 175 176 177 178 179 179 179 180 182 183 183 183 185 185 185 185 186 186 190 ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES. & Swamp Horn-beam 193 Smooth-fruited Acnida 193 Smilax, round-leaved - 194 Stinking Rough Bind- weed - - 195 Smooth-leaved Yam-root 196 Sweet Locust - 197 Scouring Rush - 202 Scour-grass - 202 Shining Club-moss - 204 Shield fern, terminal 208 Shield fern, marginal - 208 Shield fern, large - 20S Shield fern, New York 209 Shield fern, dark, or spleen- wort - - 209 Spleen-wort, bulb-bearing 209 Sensitive fern - 210 Spleen-wort, leaf-rooting 210 Spleen-wort, ebony - 211 Small-fruited Dicksonia 213 T. Turmeric - 8 Tulip Tree - - 18 Traveller's Joy - 19 Three-lobed Liver-wort 23 Tall Hyssop - - 31 Thyme, Virginian - 35 Tall Vervain - - 41 Trumpet Creeper - 43 Toad-flax - - 44 Toad-flax, purple - 44 Tooth-wort, jagged-leaved 53 Turkey-pod, mouse-ear 57 Turkey-pod, bulbous-root- ed - 57 Tower-mustard, smooth 57 Thorny Indian Mallow 64 Trailing Lespedeza - 77 Thistle, common 95 Thistle, yellow, - 95 Three-leaved Hemp-weed 100 Thorough-wort - 102 Tansey . - 103 Three-nerved Golden-rod 119 Tallest Golden-rod 119 Throat-wort-leaved Sun- flower - - 129 Ten-petalled Sun-flower 129 Trifid-leaved Hog-weed 133 Tali Hog-weed * - 134 VOL. II. Turfy Sedge - 153 Two-edged Sedge 157 Tuscarora Rice - 164 Two-coloured Oak 169 Thick Shell-bark Hickory 178 Turnip, Indian - 181 Tape Grass - - 188 Tupelo, large - 193 Three-thorned Locust 197 Tall Osmunda - - 208 Terminal Shield-fern 208 Thistle, Canada (addenda) U. Umbelled-flowered Star- wort - - 111 Upland White Oak 171 V. Virgin's Bower - 19 Virginian Anemone 20 Virginian Thyme - 35 Vervain, bastard - 41 Vervain, tall - 41 Vervain, nettle-leaved 41 Vetch, American - 72 Veined-leaved Lespedeza 76 Violet-flowered Lespedeza 76 Veined-leaved Hawk-weed 92 Vervain-leaved Hemp- weed - - 101 Various-leaved Flea-bane 107 Various-leaved Aster 113 Variable Sedge - 155 Varying-leaved Arrow- head - -, 166 Various-leaved Oak * 168 Virginian Three-seeded Mercury - - 184 Vallisneria, American 188 Villous-leaved Yam-root 196 Virginian Polypody 207 W. Wild Lemon - 9 Water Lily, small - 11 Water Lily, fragrant 12 White Poplar - 18 Wild. Anemone - 20 Water-shield - 26 Wound-wort, rough 33 Wild Snap-dragon - 44 Wing-stemmed Monkey- flower - *- 47 21 234 INDEX, &C. AVhiflow-grass . 52 AVild Pepper-grass 52 Water-cress . 54 Water Radish . . 55 Water-cress, creeping 55 Wall-cress, mouse-ear • 56 Wall-cress, lyre-leaved 56 Wall-cress, sickle-leaved 57 Wall-cress, bulbous-rooted 57 Wild Tobacco . 61 Wild Geranium . . 63 White-flowered Crane's- bill . . 63 White Clover . 73 Wild Potatoe-vine . 82 Wild Locust-tree 84 Wild Succory . 88 White-flowered Wild Lettuce, or Ivy-leaf 89 AVild Lettuce, white-flow- ered . . 89 Wild Lettuce, long-leaved 90 Whorled-leaved Hemp- weed . . 101 Wild Elecampane . 108 White-topped Star-wort 309 Willow-leaved Aster HI Wave-stemmed Aster 112 White Weed . 126 Wild Chamomile . 127 Wormwood-leaved Hog- weed . . 133 White-fringed Orchis 136 White-flowered Goiden- rod . . 121 Wave-stemmed Golden- rod . . 123 Wrinkled-leaved Golden- rod . . 123 Wild Rice . . 164 Willow Oak . 167 Water Oak . 168 White Oak 171 Wild Filbert . . 173 White Beech . 174 White Birch . .175 Water Beech . 176 Walnut, black . 177 White Walnut . 178 White^heart Hickory 179 White Hickory . 180 Wake-robin, pedate-leaved 181 Willow . . 189 Willow, cone-bearing 189 Willow, red-rooted 190 Willow, stiff-leaved 190 Willow, white '. 191 White Willow . 191 Willow, yellow . 191 Water Ash . 192 White Ash . 192 AVood Horse-tail 202 AVater-cress, Pennsylvania 219 Y. Yellow Poplar . 18 Yellow Root . . 22 A'ellow-flowered Milk-wort 69 Yellow-flowered Sow-this- 91 95 108 127 136 157 172 183 191 196 196 tie Yellow Thistle Yellow Aster . Yarrow Yel lev/ -fringed Orchis Yellow Sedge Yellow Oak . A T ellow Pine Yellow AVillow Yam-root, smooth-leaved Yam-root, villous-leaved Z. Zizzag-spiked Sedge 158 THE END. X-