QII)p i. 1. BtU IGtbrara ?Jiirtb ([Iar0ltna §>tatp QK396 P3 NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES S00784973 This book is due on the date indicated below and is subject to an overdue fine as posted at the Circulation Desk. MAF " ^ -^SG SILVA CAPENSIS A DESCRIPTION SOUTH AFEICAN FOREST TREES AND AEBORESCENT SHRUBS, USED FOR TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL PURPOSES BY L. EAPPE, M.D., COLONIAL BOTANIST AND PROrESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN COLLEGE. Second, revised, and enlarged Edition. Trado, quae potui. LONDON: WARD & CO., 27, PATERNOSTER ROW; CAPE TOWN: W. BRITTAIN. 18G2. t5\3^ 4-a2,?,o TO HIS EXCELLENCY PHILIP BDMOND WODEHOUSE, ESQ., GOVERNOR AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE COLONY OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, HER MAJESTY'S HIGH COMMISSIONER. THIS CONTRIBUTION TO SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMIC BOTANY IS WITH HIS excellency's PERMISSION MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The first edition of the Silva Capensis appeared in 1854, as a Commentary to a Collection of South -African indigenous woods, trans- mitted by the Government to the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1855. Since then, I obtained fresh valuable information on the subject, and made many additions. Anticipating that the Cape of Good Hope would, like other British Colonies, be represented at the great London International Show of 1862, and wishing to contribute my share towards it, I at an early date repaired to the Eastern Province and British Caffraria, with the intention, of making myself personally acquainted with the many natural resources which these tine and fertile regions afford. Among them the extensive and hitherto but little appreciated primeval forests, with which that part of the country abounds, attracted my particular attention. I therefore visited many of them, and by pro- curing specimens from each, succeeded in bringing "together the most complete collection of South African woods ever yet made. This collection, the specimens of which are handsomely prepared and scientifically named, comprises a series of about seventy specjes, and many of these are serviceable either as timber, or as yielding suitable, material for ornamental and common furniture, veneering, the construc- tion of bridges and mills, railway purposes, turnery, wagon making, the manufacture of rural utensils, tools, musical instruments, carving, wood-engraving &c. The Cape Colony having unhappily remained unrepresented at the present occasion, this collection will now, by His Excellency the Governor's decision, be presented to the Museum of Economic Botany of the Royal Gardens of Kew, and its description forms the contents of the following pages. In several passages of this little work, the reader will meet with observations on the wanton usage, annually exercised in the Colony, of setting fire to the mountains and bushes, — an injurious practice, which in one sweep destroys large quantities of valuable timber and useful woods. The most awful consequences must necessarily attend such outrageous conduct, it being universally admitted, that forests and woods attract and increase moisture, produce rain, and give rise to springs and running streams, while tracts deprived of vegetation become heated, barren, and dry. I beg, in conclusion, to tender ray most sincere thanks to the numerous Eastern Province friends, who by advice, information, and actual aid, promoted my aim, and enabled me to accomplish the task I had pro- posed to myself. L. P. Cape Town, June 12th, 1S62. AN ENUMERATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN TREES AND ARBORESCENT SHRUBS. CAPPARIDEiE. Juss, 1. Niehuhria Triphylla. Wend. (Withosch-hout.) — Bran- ches divaricating ; twigs angular. Leaves stalked, ternate, lea- thery ; leaflets oblong, entire, mucronate, smooth, pale on the lower surface ; stipules very small, acute. Flowers peduncled, terminal, or axillary. Corolla none. Calyx funnel-shaped, 4 parted, persistent. Recejjtacle cylindrical short. Stamens nu- merous, affixed to the receptacle ; anthers ovate, 2 locular. Style elongated : stigma capitate. Berry ovate. Height 20 feet; diameter from 9 to 15 inches. Bark greenish-white, almost smooth. Wood white, light, tough, resembling ivhitebeech. Well adapted for the inner lining of furniture, fellies, agricultural imple- ments, &c. This handsome tree grows in the Addow Bush, and in the forests of the Uitenhage and Albany districts, Caffraria and Natal. Fl. Oc- tober. 2. Capparis Alhitrunca. Burch. (Witgatboom.) — Branches unarmed, spreading. Leaves coriaceous, lineari-elliptic, blunt, attenuate at base, entire, smooth ; glaucous below. Flowers small, racemose. Racemes few-flowered, axillary, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 4 cleft ; petals 4 ; stamens numerous. Fruity a berry. The trunk of this tree appears from a distance as white-washed, and hence its vernacular name. Height of stem from 10 to 12 feet : dia- meter from 9 to 10 inches. Bark^ thick, smooth, pure white. Wood white, tough, used for yokes, and other ceconomical purposes. Grows in the woods near Sunday River and other parts of the Eas- tern Province. Fl. October— November. B BIXACE^. Endl. 3. Plioheros Muncltii. W. Arnott. (Eriudaphus Nees. ab. E.) (^Klipdoorn, Michell-wood) — Branches spreading, twigs com- pressed ; the young shoots from the root, thorny. Leaves coriaceous, rhomboid-elliptical, acute, bluntly toothed, veined, glossy above ; racemes axillary 4-6 flowered. Perianth 10 cleft ; its bottom clothed with dense, cushion-like hairs. Flowers small, white; stamens in many rows, numerous; anthers beaked; style thick. Fruit baccate, roundish. Heiglit between 20 and 30 feet, diameter 3 feet and more. Bark thin, gi'ey. AVood hard, close, and highly useful for builders, and especially for wagonmakers Found in the aboriginal forests of the Tzitsikamma, Kny^-na, and also, but sparingly, on the east side of Table Mountain, in Kirstenbosch. Fl. Api-il— May. 4. Phoheros Ecklonii. W. Arnott. (Eriudaphus Nees. ab. E.) (Redpear, Itoodpeer.) — Branches divaricating ; twigs com- pressed. Leaves broad, alternate, leathery, rhomboid-lanceolate, acute, indistinctly dentate, smooth, glaucous. Racemes axillary, simple, shorter than the leaves. Perianth, flowers and fruit, as in the former species. A forest tree 30 to 35 feet high and 2 to 3 feet in diameter. Bark black, chinky. Wood hard, heavy, close ; takes a fine polish, and answers well for all kinds of furniture. In the Colony it is mostly used by wbeel-wrights for axles, fellies, and spokes, and would suit well in the construction of mills. This tree is common in the primeval thickets of the Victoria district, and flowers in May. 5. Phoheros Zeyheri. W. Arnott. (Wolfs-thorn; Hoender- sjjoor) — Bi^anches ash-coloured, very spiny, Zeat'es alternate, short- stalked, leathery, rhomboid-ovate or roundish-ovate, blunt, entire and slightly wavy, netted-veined, smooth, dull green. Flowers racemose, small; racemes terminal and axillary 8-12 flowered, clothed with dense short hairs. Berry 4 seeded small, crowned with the persistent style. A tree 15-25 feet high and from 1 to 2 broad. Spines very strong, horizuntally diverging, and from one to four inches long. BarTi thin, grey, smooth. Wood hard and heavy, like that of the preceding species, and useful for the same purposes Grows in the forests of the Van Staden's River and Olifantshoek. Flor. Jun — Jul. 6. Bovyalis rhamnoides. Harv. (Flacourtia rhamnoides. Burch.) — Branches white, armed with patent, axillary, horizontal spines. Leaves on short stalks^ alternate membranaceous, ovate, entire or slightly dentate, veined, triplinerved at base, smooth. Flowers dioecious, axillary ; male ones fascicled, female ones solitary. Peria7ith 5 fid, tomentose. Corolla none ; stamens 18-20 ; styles 2 ; stigmas truncate. Fmiit an ovate berry. This tree attains a height of from 20 to 30, and a breadth of 2 or 3 feet. Stem knotty ; bark greyish-white. Wood citron-yellow, close, hard, and chiefly used for yokes, various wagonvvork, and rural im- plements. The fruit Zuurhesje, Cranberries, which has a sourish taste, is eaten by the natives, and brandy and vinegar have been distilled from it. Common in the woods of the Krakakamma, Tzitsikamma, Olifants- hoek, and Van Stadcns Mountains. Fl. May — June. 7. Kiggelaria Africana. Lin. (Spekhout; Pork-wood.) — Branches erect; twigs purplish, more or less downy. Leaves stalked, lanceolate, unequally serrate, smooth above, downy beneath. Flowers white, dioecious ; male ones small, racemose, nodding : female ones much larger, solitary, stalked, erect, axil- lary. (7(flZ?/^ 5 cleft ; stamens 10-12; aiithers hairy, perforated at top ; 'petals 5, glanduliferous at base ; styles 5. Capsule globose, scabrid, one-celled, many-seeded. Height of trunk 20 to 25 feet ; diameter one foot and a half to two feet. Wood soft, spongy. Used occasionally for spars, rafters, rural implements, and fuel. Common about Cape Town, Wynberg, &c. Fl. November. TILIACE^. Juss. 8. Grewia Occidentalis. Lin. (Kruysbesje.) — Shrubby. Leaves alternate, ovate, blunt, smooth ; peduncles solitary, one- flowered. Calyx 5 cleft deciduous, coloured within ; stamens numerous ; anthers roundish ; style 1 ; stigma 4 lobed. Petals 5, bright-purple. Drupe 4 lobed, fleshy ; lobes 2 locular, 2 seeded. This shrub climbs 10 to 12 feet high, but is little more than 3 inches in diameter. Stem and branches very like those of the small leaved Elm. Bark smooth. The wood is very tough and bends extremely well. Being of fine grain, the larger pieces answer for turner's work. From this species, and from the Grewia Obtusifolia. Willd. & G Jlava DC, the Bushmen make their bows. The fruit are eaten by them and other savages. Common near Cape Town and in many parts of the Colony. Fl. January — February. OLACINE^. MiRB. 9 Apodytes dimediata. E. Meyer— Branches grey, spreading, twigs angular; furrowed. Leaves alternate; stalked, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, revolute, blunt, penninerved, leathery, wedge- shaped, and often oblique at base, smooth, shining on the upper, and pale on the lower surface. Flowers small, white, panicled ; panicles terminal, much branched; ^?e^i^?ic/e5 and y^eJice/s strigose ; hi^acts minute. Calyx 4-5 toothed, free. Petals 4-5, smooth. Stamens 5 ; style 1 . FruH one celled, kidney-shaped, compressed, unequal-sided, with a lateral fleshy appendage. Linn. Transact. vol. 18. tab. 41. A tree 30-50 feet high and from one to two or more, in diameter. Bark thick, rough, chlnky, greyish-white. W^ori light, yellowish, looks well when polished, and is used for common furniture, and agricultural implements. Common in the forests of George, Uitenhage, Albany, British CafFraria, and Natal. Fl. Decemb. and Januar. SAPINDACE^. Juss. 10. Sckmidelia decipiens. W. Arnott. (Rhus spicata. Thbg) — Branches smooth, spreading; hranchlets white, and as well as the leaf and flower-stalks, downy. Leaves 3 foliate, alternate, leathery ; Leajlets sessile, obovate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at base, grossly and bluntly toothed upon the upper half, revolute at the margins, smooth, pale below, bearded in the axils of the veins. -FZoryers spiked, minute, subracemose, pedicellate. Spikes as long or somewhat shorter than the leaves ; jiowerstalks axillary, slender. Calyx 4 cleft, concave ; Petals 4 white, Jllaments hairy, style 2 fld. Fruit globose, of the size of a pepper-corn. A small tree 10 to 15 feet high ; 6 to 10 inches broad. Bark thin, white, knotty. Wood hard, fine grained, useful for turners and fancy cabinet-makers, and looks very handsome when polislied. Not uncommon in the woods of the Knysna, Uitenhage, Albany, and CafFraria. Fl. Jan. 11. 8apindus Pappea. Sond. (wilde Priiime; wild Plum- tree.) Pj'anc/tes and ^w?^.s spreading. X(?«re.s- alternate, ovate, or oblong, unequal at base, smooth, blunt, coriaceous, veiny, slightly rolled back at the margin. Cali/x 5 fid; petals 4-6, bearded inside. Sta77iens S -10 ; Jilam en ts shaggy; style 1; stigma sub- trifid. Flowers small, lacemose with separate sexes by abortion. Fruit 3 capsular, drupaceous, fleshy, globose, downy. Hook Jcon. t 325. A moderate sized tree or shrub Height 15 to 20, diameter 1, to 1^ feet. .BarA, greyish-white, cracked. TToo^ handsome, hard and tough, and used for furniture, yokes, poles, ploughs, etc. Fruit red, of a pleasant taste ; called wild plum by the Colonists, and f Kaamshesje by the Natives. It furnishes a vinous beverage and very good vinegar, and its kernel contains an oil, which, though eatable, is slightly purgative. The presence of this tree is considered as a criterion of excellent pasturage fur wool-bearing flocks. Abund;int in many parts of the eastern districts of the Colony, and in CafFraria. Fl. November. 12. Ilrppohromus (data. Echl. ^ Zeyh — Branches grey, smooth, sj)readiri^; twifjs downy, l/eave.s stiilkcd, pari-pinnate 3 — 5 yoked ; rachis of the stalk win^^ed, tomentose. Leaflets sub-opposite or alternate, sessile, obovate, blunt, reflexed at the raart^in, unequal-sided and wed^o-shaped at base, penninerved, more or less bluntly notched in the upper half, leathery, smooth shining above, pale below. Flowers dioico polygamous, panicled. Panicles axillary, short-stalked ; stalks tomentose, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx 5 partite, unequal, persistent, silky. Petals 5 obovate, smooth. Stamens in male flower 8, exscrted ; anthers oblong. Ovary in female flower 3 celled ; style short, thick; stiyma pin headed, 3 fid. Drupe small, fleshy 1 — 3 seeded. A middle-sized, resin yielding tree, 15 — 20 feet high, and from 1, to 1^ wide. Bark pale, yellowish-green. Wood close and useful for planking, wagon-work, and rural purposes; called Paardepis by the Dutch colonists, on account of its peculiar smell. Common in the forests of the Eastern Province and CafFraria. Fl. Jul. — Aug, PTiEROXYLE^. Sond. 13. Ptceroxylon Utile. Echl. ^ Z. (Nieshout ; Sneezewood.) — Stern smooth; branches nodous. Leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets in 6-7 pairs, coriaceous, entire, irregularly sided. Flojcers dioecious, axillary, racemose, placed at the extremities of the branches, and between the leaves. Calyx 4 parted, p)etals 4, stamens 4; filaments smooth. Styles 2, stigmas capitate. Capsule 2 celled, 2 seeded, compressed; seeds winged, Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 17. A tree, from 20 to 30 feet in height, and 2-4 feet in diameter. The leaves have some resemblance to those of Acer pseudoplatauus. The wood is handsome, takes a fine polish, is strong, durable,;;and somewhat like Mahogany. It is used for various kinds of furniture and agricultural utensils Being little aiFccted by moistiwe, it serves as a desirable material in the construction of bridges and mills. From the fact of its producing violent sneezing when sawn or otherwise worked at, it has received the name o^ Sneeze-wood. It is also said to ignite readily, even in its green state, and is the Orntata of the Kafirs. Common in the forests of the eastern districts. Fl. October. MELIACE^. Juss. 14. Trichilia Echeheryia. E. Meyer. — Branches gi-eyish- white; hranchlets knotty. Leaves unequally-})innate, 3—5 yoked, membranous, crowded at the toj) of tlie branchct*; leafstalks flat; 6 leaflets opposite, except the terminal, stalked-one, nearly sessile, ovate or ovate-oblong, penninerved, acute, oblique at base, per- fectly smooth. Flowers paniculate, jmnicles slender, axillary ; pedicels compressed ; branches of the panicles loosely cymose. Calyx bell-shaped, 4 — 5 cleft ; sepals sharp-pointed ; petals oblong. Stamens united into an undivided, cylindrical anther- bearing tube. Anthers 8 — 10. Style smooth ; stigma thick, obscurely lobed. Fruit, a capsule, unknown. (^Sonder.) A tree 15—25 feet high, 1 or 2 wide. Bark reddish-brown. Wood soft, white and of little value. Grows iu the forests of the Tzitsikamma, Olifantshoek, and Natal. Fl. November. 15. Eckehergia Capensis. Sparrm. (Fssenliout; Cape Ash.) — Branches alternate, scarred, smooth, spreading. Leaves placed at the tops of the branches, aggregate, imparipinnate ; leaflets in 4-5 pairs, oblong, entire, glabrous, pointed at both ends, unequally sided. Calyx 4 fid; ijetals 4; stamens very short, with anthers sessile, within the tube; stigma capitate. Flowers axillary and terminal, paniculate. Berry round, 5 seeded. A lofty tree, 20 to 30 feet, or more, in height ; 2 to 3 feet in diameter. Bark grey. Wood white, tough, and close. Useful timber for beams, planks, spars, carriage-poles, etc., and employed for all kinds of wagon work, and iu the manufacture of many implements, tools, &c Found in the primeval forests of the George, Uitenhage, Albany, and Victoria districts. Fl. August. DIOSME^. R. Br. 16. Calodendron Capense. Thhg. {Wilde Kastanie ; wild Chesnut.) — Branches and twigs divaricating. Leaves stalked, opposite, simple, entire, ovate, obtuse, ribbed, crossed at right angles. Flowers terminal on short, shaggy peduncles ; pani- culated. Calyx deciduous, 5 cleft ; petals glanduliferous. Stamens 10 ; style 1. Capsule 5 angled, 5 celled ; cells 2 seeded. Height 20 to 30 feet, diameter 2 to 3 feet. Ba?'k smooth, whitish-grey. Wood soft, white, and little used, except for rural utensils, yokes, poles. &c. Its inflorescence somewhat resembles that of the Horse-Chesnut (Aesculus Hippocastanuni), and hence its colonial name. Like most plants belonging to the family of the Diosmece, the flowers diflfuse a very strong, but pleasant odour This fine tree grows in the forests of the Swellendam, George, Uiten- hage, and Albany districts, Brit. Cafii-aria, &c. Fl. December — January. AURANTIACE^. CORR. 17. Myarisin(Bqiialis. Presl. Branches ^' hranchlets round, greyish-white. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets stalked, alternate, ovate, unequal-sided, irregularly notched, sprinkled with minute, transparent dots, smooth ; pedtmdes and young twigs somewhat downy. Flowers paniculate, few-flowered. Panicles axillary. Calyx minute, 4 cleft. Petals 4 concave, white. Stamens 8 equally as long as the petals. Style deciduous, short. Berry fleshy, as large as a pea. A shrub or small tree 10-20 feet high, aQd from 6-8 inches broad. Bark thin, smooth. Wood white, close-grained, heavy, but hitherto little used. In the forests of George, Uitenhage, Albany and British Caffraria. Fl. Octob. XANTHOXYLE^. Nees ab. E. 18. XantJwxylon Capense. Haw. (Fagara Thbg.) (Knobwood, Knopjes-doorri', Paardepram.^ — Branches compressed, flexuose, wrinkled, prickly. Prickles flat, sharp pointed. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblique, ovate, blunt, sessile, smooth, slightly crenate, sprinkled with glandular dots. Calyx 4 cleft; petals 4 J stamens 6-8, alternately shortened ; fllaments broad at base ; anthers large ; style 3 lobed. Flowers white, small, pani- culated. Capsule 2 valved, one seeded, dotted ; seeds black, shining^. The bark of the trunk of this tree is studded with numerous large, conical, nipple-like protuberances, which afford a very curious aspect. Height from 15 to 20 feet ; diameter from 10 inches to one foot and a half TToo^ yellow, hard, and close, and used in the manufacture of many kinds of domestic utensils, yokes, axles, tools, &c. The fruit is known to the Colonists as the ivild Cardamom, and, on account of its aromatic qualities, prescribed for flatulency and paralysis. Found in the bush near Mossel Bay, in the forests of the district of George and also in those of Uitenhage and Albany. Fl. July— August. 19. Vepj^is lanceolata. A, Juss. (Boscia Thbg.) (Wit Yzerhout ; White Ironwood?) — Branches rugose, spreading. Leaves alternate, stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets sessile, elliptical, entire, blunt or pointed, veined, wavy, perfectly smooth. Flowers unisexual, small, terminal, panicled. Calyx short 4 fid; corolla 4 petalous; petals narrow, linear; stamens 4, shorter than the petals ; styles 3 ; stigmas 3 persistent ; capsule dotted, 4 celled, 4 seeded. Height 20 feet ; diameter 2 feet and more. Bark thin, whitish-grey, smooth. Wood white, hard, very tough. Used chiefly for ploughs, axles, or other wagonwood. Called Omngumasivile by the Kafirs. Grows in the primeval woods of the Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma, British Caff"raria, &c. Fl. October— November. OCHNACEtE. d. c. 20. Ochna Arhorea. Burch. (Redwood; Roodhout.) — Branches smooth, spreading. Leaves alternate, glossy, pen- ninerved, oval, slightly serrate. Flowers subracemose, or often solitary. Ca/?/^ 5 parted, deciduous ; petals 5, yellow; stamens numerous, shorter than the petals ; filaments slender ; anthers linear, opening by pores ; style 5-10 fid. Berry one-celled, one seeded. Height of stem 20 to 30 ; diameter 1^ to 2 feet. Bark reddish brown, smooth. Wood of a red tint, hard, heavy, and tough. Well suited for all kinds of furniture, but chiefly used for wagon poles, tools, triggers, axe-handles, &c. In the forests of Oliphant's Hoek, Salem, Katriver, Caffraria, Adow (Uitenhage). Fl. September— October. CELASTRINE^. R. Br. 21. Celastrus Acuminatus. Lin. {Silkhark ; Zyhast.) — Branches unarmed, twigs angular, compressed. Leaves stalked, oblong, lanceolate, taper-pointed, serrate, veiny, smooth. Flow- ers 2—4, small, nodding, axillary on short pedicels. A forest tree. Height 12 to 15 feet; diametej 7 to 12 inches. Bark thin, whitish-grey, not thorny. Has this peculiarity along with the leaves, tiiat when broken, they show numerous fine white, silk-like threads, and hence the name of Zyhast, or Silk-hark. lFbo<^ of a fine grain, heavy, and hard. When polished it displays beautiful shades. To the joiner it furnishes a splendid material for fancy work; by the turner it will be found very serviceable for wooden screws, &c., as also by the manufacturer of musical instruments. lu the colony it has hitherto chiefly been used by wheelwrights. This tree grows best in rocky situations beneath other trees, and is found in many parts of the colony, even in the very vicinity of Cape Town, at Kirstenbosch, on the eastern side of Table Mountain. It is harder and tougher than the Europeon Yoke-elm. Fl. February — March. 22. Celastrus undatus. Thbg, (Koko-tree.) — Branches round; twigs flexuose, compressed, angular. Leaves alternate, short- stalked, obovate or rhomboid-ovate, wedge-shaped and unequal at base, mostly blunt, wavy, and obtusely sawed at the margins, leathery, netted-veined, shining on the upper, pale on the lower surface. Flowers stalked, small, axillary. Capsule 3 angular, three celled. A tree 20-25 feet high and 1, to 1^ in diameter. Bark smooth, grey, thin. Wood hard, close-grained, very heavy, resembling white -pear, and chiefly used in the construction of wagons or for farming implements. Common in the forests of the Uitenhage and Albany districts, as well as those in the Amatola mountains. Fl. May. 23. Celastnis Bux if alius. Lin. {Cape-Box)— Branches diudi branchlets compressed or angular, flexuose, usually spiny. Leaves alternate, tufted, tapering into a petiole, obovate-oblong, blunt or emarginate, crenate, very veiny, unequal at base, nearFy leathery, smooth. Spines ash coloured, patent, strong, mostly naked but occasionally leafy, seldom flower-bearing, and from 1 to 6 inches long. Howers axillary, paniculate, white ; Panicles many- flowered, cymose, stalked, as long or shorter as the leaves. Capsule roundish, of the size of a pea, A variable shrub or small tree, 8-12 feet high and from 6-8 inches in breadth. Ba?^k thin, greyish-white. TFbocZ yellowish, very close, hard and heavy, resembling Boxwood^ and fit for the manufacture of musical instruments, wood-eiigraviug, and all purposes for which Box is commonly used. Grows in the bushes and woods in many parts of the Colony, from Cape Town to Caffraria. Fi. Octob.— December. 24. PterocelastrusTricuspidatus. Sond. {Spekhoom,') — Branches erect, rough ; twixjs angular. Leaves crowded, obovate, blunt or slightly emarginate at apex, cuneate and narrowed at base, smooth, entire, obscurely veined, often unequal-sided, leathery. tlomers cymose, axillary, minute, white. Capsule cartilaginous, 3 valved, 3 winged. Stem 8— 10 feet high ; 5 — 10 inches in diameter. Wood i^oit, light. Used for making charcoal; also as fuel. Common on the sides of Table Mountain, in the Swellendam district, and elsewhere. Fl. Octob. 25. Pterocelastrus Variabilis. Sond. {Cherry-wood; Ker- sehout) — Branches erect; upper branchlets forked. Zeat-e^ short- stalked, alternate, obovate-oblong or oval, blunt, sometimes emarginate, more or less veined, narrowed at base, quite entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers stalked, panicled, axillary, minute, white. Panicles cymose, many-flowered, spreading, shorter than the leaves. Capsule 3 winged, wings horny, ovate, its lobes either blunt, pointed, or torn. A tree 20-25 feet high, and from 1, to 1| or more broad. Bark thin, even, dark grey. Wood reddish, line-grained, hard, heavy, and hand- somely veined. It would answer well for turner}^ cabinet-making and other purposes, and might be fairly tried for railway works. Common in the forests throughout a great portion of the Colony, from Swellendam to British Caffraria. Fl. October. 26. Pterocelastrus Rostratus, WaljJ. {White Pear , Witpeer.) — Branches and twigs erect, purplish, angular, spreading. Leaves stalked, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or bluntly pointed, reflexed at the margins, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers white, paniculated. Panicles long-stalked, axillary, dichotomously c 10 branched, many-flowered. Capsule 3 valved, armed with 4 to 6 horn-like wings. Height from 20 to 25 ; diameter from one to two feet. Bark whitish- grey. H ood heavy, strong, greatly resembling pear or apple tree. By the colonists it is generally used for wagonwork, and particularly fur fellies. Grows chiefly in the forests of the Swellendam and Uitenhage districts, but is also found on elevated rocky places in the woods on the eastern side of Table Mountain. Fl. September—October. 27. Hartogm Capensis. Thhg. (Smalblad, Lejyelhout ; Ladle- wood.)— Branches decussate, patent; ^»t"?^5 slender, erect. Leaves opposite, oblong, coriaceous, crenato serrate, blunt, eraarginate, smooth. Flowers smdiWy axillary, paniculated, nodding. Drupe juiceless, ovate, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Thbg. Prodr. Plant. Cap. 1. tab. 3. Height from 12 to 15; diameter from 1, to 1^ feet. Bark thin, greyish-white, more or less wrinkled. T'F6>o<^ hard, tine grained, close, and tough. It is adapted for all kinds of fancy furniture, and invaluable to the cabinetmaker for veneering. Turners al-o and instrument- makers will find it well adcipied for the manufacture of the articles of their trade. In the interior it serves for the construction of wagons and rural utensils. This tree is found in the woods of the districts of Swellendam and Caledon, where it is known by the name of Lepelhout (Ladlewood). and in the bu.>hy iavines on the eastern side of Table Mountain. Fl. January — February. 28. Maurocenia Capensis. Sond. (^Hottentot Cherry; Aas- vogel-hesjes.) — Branches Y\g\d) twigs purplish, 4 angular. Leaves subsessiie, opposite, suborbicular or obovate, blunt, somewhat emarginate, revolute, entire, coriaceous, smooth, shining. Flow- ers small, white ; Jlower-stalks axillary, short, crowded. Calyx fringed; petals toothed Drupe elliptical, juicy, 3 celled, 1-3 seeded. Hook. Icon. Plantar, t, 552. Shrubby. Usual height of stem 6 8 feet; diameter 3 to 4 irches Bark grey, very craggy. Wood fine, pretty hard, and tough. It lO' ks well when polished, being ytllow Avitli brownish veins. It is very fit for the manufacture of musical instruments. The fruit is eaten by the natives. In the bushy ravines of Table Mountain, Hottentot Holland, and elsewhere. Fl. July. 29. Cassine Capensis. Lin. (Ladle-7vood. Lepelhout ) — Branches and twigs angular, erect, patent, purplish. Leaves opposite, stalked, ovate, sawed at the margin, entire at base ; obtuse, rigid, smooth. Flowers ^m?i\\, white. Peduncles axillary, paniculate. Panicles dichotomous or trichotomous. Drupe nearly round, purple. 11 Height from 8 to 10 feet; diameter 8 to 12 iuches. Bark grey, smooth. Wood hard, tough, and, when varnished, extremely handsome It furnishes tlie cabinetmaker with a superior material for all kinds of fancy work, and has proved itself useful to the Avheelwright. This tree grows in the forests along the eastern side of Table and Devil's Mountain, in Hout B;iy, also in the districts of Uitenhage, Clanwilliam, and other parts of the colony. Fl. April— May. 30. ElcBodendron Croceum. D. C. {Ilex crocea. Thhc). Crocoxyloji excehum. Eckh tj' Z.) (Saffronivood ; Safframi- hout.) — Branches much spreading. Leaves opposite, stalked, leathery, rigid, veined, smooth, prickly at the margins. Flowers small, paniculated, axillary. Drupe ]\x\cQ\e^s, 4-celled. Lofty, 20 to 40 feet high, and 2 to 4 feet in diameter. Bark whitish, covered all over with a resinous crust of a gainhoge yellow colour, which makes this tree easilj^ known from all others, and which led probably to its vernacular name of S(/Jfronwood This wood, which is fine grained, hard, close, and tough, is very useful to the builder in the shape of beams and planks, and to the cabinet-maker serves extremely well for fables, chairs, wardrobes, and for all kinds of furniture. Butter casks are likewise made of it, and wheelwrights use it for fellies and general wagonwork. The bark also is good f >r tanning and dyeing. In the aboriginal forests of the Knysna, Krakakamma, Kat Kiver, and in various parts of CafFraria. Fl. June — July. 31. Mystroxylon Kuhu. EcJd. and Zeyh. — Branches ash- coloured, spreading; Z-^oi^e^ alternate, short-stalked, oval, notched at apex, crenate and calloso-serrate at the margins, veined on both sides, leathery, perfectly smooth. Flowers small, stalked, axillary, umbellate; wmZ?e/.s few-flowered. Ca/?/jJ minute. 5 lobed ; petals 6 rounded, narrowed at ]>ase. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla. Style shovt, 5%??i6^ indistinctly 2 lobed. JDnqje globose, rose-red of the size of a large pea. A much branched tree, 20 to 25 feet high, and 1, to 1^ broad. Bark grey, rough. Wood close-grained, hard, strong, compact, tough ; servicea- ble for fellies, other wagouwork, rural utensils, etc. Fruit edible, sweet; known as Koo-boo-besyes. Common in the forests of Olifants Hoek, Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma, etc. Fl. Octob-Nov. 32. Scytophyllum Lauriniim. Echl. Sj" Zeyh. — Branches and hranchlets angular, erect, purplish. Leaves alternate, nearly sessile, narrowed at base, ovate-oblong, blunt or emarginate, subre volute, obscurely veined, entire, coriaceous, smooth. Flowers small, clustered, white, panicled. Panicles short-stalked, axillary. Calyx 5 cleft; jietals 5; stamens 5, style short ; stigma 2 lobed. Drupe obovate, yellow. A small tree or rather shrub, 10—12 feet high, and from 6-8 inches in diameter. Bark black, rent, thin. Wood haid, fine-grained, heavy, 12 yellowish brown. Well suited for turners' work, the manufacture of tools, and various other purposes. Common in mountain ravines near Cape Town, Paarl, Tulbagh, Cale- don, Clanwilliam, etc. Fl. Dec — Jan. AQUIFOLIACE^. DC. 33. Ilex Capensis. Sond. and Harv. — Branches erect, white ; twigs angular, leafy. Leaves alternate, short-stalked, oblong- lanceolate, acute, entire, veined, leathery, pale below, smooth. Petioles channelled, purplish. Flowers minute, axillary, on short peduncles, crowded, subumbellate, nodding. CaZ^/a? small, persis- tent 4-6- toothed : Corolla salver-shaped, 4-6 parted ; stamens 4-6 exserted ; stigmas 4-6 sessile, obtuse. JDrwpe roundish, crowned with the stigmas. (Sideroxylon mite. Lin.) Bot. Mag. t. 1858. A shrub or small tree, about 8-12 feet high ; diameter 6-8 inches. Bark white, rough. Wood light, soft, rather spongy, and little used. Common in the woods of Swellendam, Tulbagh, Uitenhage, Kat River, etc, and also in those on the east side of Table Mountain. Fl. October. RHAMNEJ^. R. Br. 34. Zizypkus Mucronata. Willd. (Buffalo-thorn; Buffels- doorn). — Branches and hranchlets grey, flexuous, smooth or vel- vety and armed with pairs of sharp-pointed prickles, one of which is recurved. Leaves stalked, alternate, often unequal-sided, ovate or subcordate-ovate, crenato-serrate, bluntly acuminate, 3 nerved, veined, smooth, shining above, pale and slightly hairy at the nerves beneath. Flowers cymose, axillary, small, yellow ; Jlorcer-slalhs channelled- Calyx 5 cleft, and as well as the petioles and cymes, downy ; petals 5 obovate ; stamens 5 exserted j styles 2 diverging. Drupes fleshy, globose, red. A tree 20—25 feet high, and 1 to 2 in diameter. Bark rough ; Wood tough and chiefly used for wagonwork. Common on the banks of the Kat River, likewise in British CafFraria and Natal. Fl. Decemb. 35. Scutia Ccmimersoni. Brogn. {Katdoorn.) — Branches decussate, spreading, prickly piichles recurved. Leaves oppo- site, stalked, ovate or obovate, blunt, pointed or retuse, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers umbellate, axillary, small. Calyx pitcher-shaped, 5 cleft; j^etals emarginate. Stamens 5, short ; style single ; stigmas 2-3 obtuse. Fruit roundish, apiculate, 2 celled. Habit of growth usually shrubby ; branches armed with hooked thorns. Height about 4 or 5 feet ; diameter from 6 to 8 inches. Bark 13 whitish grey, wrinkled. Wood fine grained and strong, light-brown; looks well when varnished. Useful to turners. Common in the woods of Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany. Fl. December — January. TEREBINTACE^. Juss. 36. JRhus Lmvigata. Linn. (Taaihosch) — Sra7iches and twigs purple, erect. Leaves long-stalked, ternate ; leaflets sessile, ovate, pointed, pale below, ribbed, perfectly smooth. Flowers small, yellowish-green, panicled ; panicles terminal and axillary, slender. Drujje globose, of the size of a pea. Height 8 to 10 feet ; diameter from 8 to 10 inches. Bark thin, rough. TFoofZ hard, tough, reddish. Sometimes called Essenhout (Ash-icood)^ in the Western districts, and Bosgamia by the natives of the East. Used for wagouwork of various kinds, and may be employed with advantage by the turner. Grows in stony ground, nearly all over the colony. Fl. September- October. 37. Rhus Viminalis. Vahl. ( Karree-wood.) — B7rmches smooth, slender, flexile. Leaves long-stalked, ternate ; leaflets sessile, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth or fringed, narrowed at both ends. Flowers small, panicled ; jjaiiicles axillary and terminal, hairy. Drupe 1 celled, 1 seeded, roundish, rather dry. This little tree, which in its growth and foliage in some measure resembles the Willow, grows chiefly on the banks of rivers and rivulets. It attains a height of from 10 to 14 feet, and sometimes measures 8 to 10 inches in breadth. The Bark is grey and smooth; the wood reddhh- brown, hard, and very tough. Its thicker and longer branches are used as spars in thatching houses, and also for wagon tents, as they bend easily without breaking; the younger twigs for bows. The Karreewood has the advantage, that it is not infested by noxious insects. Common on rivers and watercourses in many parts of the Eastern districts. Fl. July. 38. I?.kic5 Lucida. Linn. {Taaihosch.) — Branches and branchlets spreading, downy. Leaves short-stalked, ternate ; leaflets sessile, obovate, wedge-shaped at base, entire, blunt, emargi- nate, leathery, resinous, glossy. Flowers minute, white, panicled, axillary and terminal. Drupe as in the preceding species. Shrubby. Height 4-6 feet, diameter 3-4 inches. Branchea ash- coloured; wood hard and tough. Bark of root and branches used for tanning purposes. Common on the slopes of the mountains in the Cape, Caledon, and Swellendam districts. Fl. Aug — Sept. 39. Rhus Tomejitosa. Lifin. — Branches and twigs purplish, erect, shaggy. Leaves stalked, ternate ; leaflets oval, tapering at 14 both ends, acute, bluntly sawed towards the apex, smooth above, ribbed and woolly beneath. Flowers panicled, small ; panicles terminal, longer than the leaves. Drupe shaggy. Growth, height, properties, and technical u?es like those of the pre- ceding species. 40. Blms Tliunhergii. Hook. (Roemeria argentea. Thhg.) (Rock- Ash; Klipesse,) — Branches erect, wi'inkled. Leaves simple, stalked, alternate, obovate-elhptic, retuse, entire, leathery, penninerved, glaucous. Flowers panicled, polygamous, white ; panicles terminal ; pedicels, sepals and petals externall}'- shaggy. Stamens 5-10; petals 5-6. Drupe roundish-oblique, almost dry, 1 celled, 1 seeded. Hook. Icon. Plant, t. 595. Height 12 to 15 feet; diameter 3 to 4 feet Bark rongh, craggy. Wood resinous, fine grained, hard, close, heavy. Handsome when polished. Valuable in the manufacture of fancy furniture, work boxes, sewing tables, &c., and useful to the turner and maker of musical instruments. This tree grows in reeky situations in the districts of Stellenbosch, Worcester, and Clanwilliam. Fl. February. 41. Harpephyllum Caff rum. Dernh. — Branches spreading; twigs knotty from the fall of old leaves. Xe^ares alternate, impaii- pinnate, 6-7 yoked, long-stalked, smooth ; leaflets sessile, patent, lanceolate, entire, unequal-sided, sickle-shaped, pointed, veiny, wedge-shaped at base. Flowers dioico-polygamous, short-stalked, panicled, white ; jm7iicles terminal, shorter than the leaves. Calyx 4-5 cleft, its segments blunt ; petals 4-5, longer than the calyx. Stamens 8-10 free, perigynous ; filaments short, awl-shaped ; anthers ovate. Pistil columnar, fleshy; stigmas 4 recurved. Drupe oblong, 2 celled, 1 seeded by abortion, about an inch long. A handsome tree 20-30 feet high, and from 1 to 2 in diameter, much resembling the Cape Ash in habit. i?r/rA' greyish-brown, rough. Wood red, tough, very handsome when polished, and useful for household furniture, planking, and various other purposes. The fruit, knoAvn as the Kojir or Wild Plum (zuurf^-pruim ) , is edible. Grows in woody ravines at Howison's Port (Albany), in the forests of the Uitenhage district, and in Catfraria. As an ornamental tree I found it planted at the sides of some of the principal streets in Gra- ham's Town along with Erythrina caffra. Fl. April. LEGUMINOS.^. Juss. 42. Millettia Caffra. Meisn. ( Omzamheete) Kajir Ironwood.) — Upper branches and leaf-stalks downy ; leaves unequally-pinnate, 4-6 yoked ; leaflets short-petioled, opposite, oblong, penninerved. 15 fringed at the margins, smooth above, silky beneath ; stlpels bristle-like. Cahjx bell-slinped, bluntly toothed and as well as the flower-stalks shaggy. Racemes terminal, paniclcd. Flowers papilionaceous, purplish-blue, silky ; alee and carina smooth. Legume 4 to 5 inches long, 2 to 2^ broad, acute, leathery, or almost woodv, 3 seeded, thickly clothed with brown velvety hairs ; seeds subovate or oblong, compressed. A stfitely tree, 30-40 feet high, and from 2-3 in diameter. Bark thin. Furnishes a superior twooc? of great beauty and durability, which when polished, resembles and perhaps surpasses, Brazilian Rose or Jacaranda Wood. Tho Kafirs employ the beans as a vermifuge (particulary for lumbrici) by pounding and takiug them in milk, one or two forming a dose. This tree also exudes a kind of resin, resembling Gu'ijac?tm. Grows in the fnres!s of the colony of Natal, and also in the Mauubi forest near Butter worth (Cafiraria proper). J. H. Bowker. 43. Erythrina Caffra. Tkhg. (Kafir -tree.) Branches alternate, spreading, prickly ; jyricMes solitary, purplish. Leaves ternate, stalked ; stalks unarmed ; leaflets ovate, broad, pointed, glabrous, entire. Flowers papilionaceous, racemose, noddino-, scarlet. Calyx truncate, 2 lobed, tomentose, rusty; Vexillum very large; Stamens exserted ; Legume oblong, constricted be- tween the seeds, many-seeded. ISeeds scarlet, with a black hilam. This giant of the forests of Ohfantshoek, Albany, and Caffraria, grows 50 to 60 feet high, and 3 to 4 in diameter. Its^bark is grey, and its wood soft and very light. However it has been turned to advantage by the inhabitants, for, from the tall hollowed trunk they have con- structed canoes, made troughs, and employed the wood instead of cork in the construction of their fishing nets. The wood is used likewise for making shingles, which, when tarred, are considered to be very durable and to make very good roofing. Fl. September. 44. Virgilia Capensis. Lamlt, ( Keurhoom.) — Sra?iches erect, spreading ; t7vigs somewhat shaggy. Leaves stalked, impari- pinnate, many-yoked ; rachis channelled ; leaflets opposite, narrow- oblong ; entire, mucronate, glossy above, silky below. Flowers papilionaceous, racemose, axillary or terminal. Calyx ample, bell-shaped, 2 lipped, 5 toothed, woolly. Stamens 10, free. Corolla smooth, flesh-coloured, sweet-scented. Legume leathery, com- pressed, oblong, many-seeded, clothed with a rusty wool. Bot. Magaz. t. 1590. Pleight 15-20 feet; diameter 1^, to 2 feet, ^ar/e black, craggy. Wood rather light and soft. Looks well when pohshed, but is subject to worm- eating. It is occasionally used for yokes, rafters, spars, fuel, etc. 16 A transparent gum* exudes very freely from the bark, which may be turned to account, the bush -women using the same as a substitute for starch The supply could be rendered unlimited, this gum being easily collected. This handsome tree, although originally a native of the Eastern districts of the colony, Avhere it is extremely common, is now to be found in moist and shady spots, and especially in mountain ravines in most of the Western provinces, whence it has found its way also into gardens, Fl. April— May. 45. Schotia Speciosa. lacq. (Hottentot's JBoerhoon ) — Branches ritrid, straitened. Leaves abruptly pinnate, many-yoked ; leaflets oblong or elliptical, sessile, unequal at base, entire, mucronate, leathery, smooth. Flor^'ers panicled, terminal, stalked, bright-crimson ; _/?a/zz/ate^a/e ofZeaJ gelatinizes the muci- caseous precipitate. lage. Peroxide o/" /row forms a broMn jelly. Is miscible with this, without any Strong Spirits of JF^hc turns the muci- other effect. lage white, like curdled milk. Does not throw down any caseous matter, and without impairing its con- sistency, can be mixed with the half of its bulk, which seems to make the solu- tion more clear. This gum could be used in medicine like gum Tiagacanth, and for manj' purposes where other gums like gum arabic are applied. 17 many-flowered. Stamem monadelphoiis. Legume mucli like tluit of the preceding species, few-seeded ; seeds with a fleshy yellow arillus. Grows from 20 to 30 feet high, and from 3 to 4 in diameter. Bark brownish-grey, smooth. Wood white, hard, tough, and heavy, bnt does not appear to be much used save for triggers, posts, enclosures, &c. The young beam are eaten by Hottentots and Kafirs. Very common in the forests of Uitenhage, Albany, British Caffraria, etc. Fl. January. 47. Acacia Horrida. Willd. (Thorn'tree; Doornhoom.) — Stem and branches smooth, but armed with straight, large white, spiny stipules; twigs anrrular. Lea^^es 2 pinnate; jiinnce 2-5 yoked; /e<2^e^5 linear-oblong, blunt, smooth, many-yoked; leaf- stalks glandular at base and apex Flowers stalked, bracteate in the middle, axillary, globose, polygamous, yellow, sweet-scented. Legume long, narrow, compressed, sickle-shaped, leathery, smooth, many-seeded. Height 20 to 25 ; diameter 1 to 1 ^ feet. Bark dark grey, contains a large portion of the tanning principle, imparting a reddish dye to leather. Wood hard and tough, extensively employed in the interior for building purposes ; looks well when varnished, and therefore adapted for all kinds of common furniture. The colonists generally place the logs for some time in water before using them, in order to render the wood more durable. It furnishes a \qyj good material for wheels, poles, and yokes, and many rural implements, and answers Avell for turner's work. The Gummi Acacioe, which exudes spontaneously from the bark both of the trunk and branches, is well known as an article of commerce. . The Thorn-tree may be said to be the most common tree met with in the lonely wastes of South Africa. There it inhabits the borders of every stream, and points out at a far distance to the exhausted traveller the cherished spot, where he may quench his burning thirst, and screen himself from the scorching rays of an African sun. Fl. January — February. SAXIFRAGACE^. D.C. 48. Cunonia Capensis. Lin. {Red Alder. Rood Els.) — Branches rough, patent. Leaves stalked, irnpari-pinnate ; leaflets 4-5 yoked, petiolate, opposite, oblong, acute, sawed, leathery, penninerved, smooth. Stipules large, ovate, deciduous ; petioles compressed. Floivers small, white, racemose, axillary. Calyx 5 parted ; _/;e^a/s 5 ; stamens \0; styles 2, \onger than the corolla. Capsule taperpointed, 2-celled, many seeded. Height 15 to 25 feet ; breadth U to 2. Bark black, wrinkled. Wood tough, close, somewhat like the Lime-tree, and much in request. It is handsome Avhen polislied, and the yilanks are s«jught after, both by 18 cabinetmakers and wheelwrights It is also useful to turners, and well adapted for screws. As this wood sutlers but little from moisture, it may be of service in the construction of mills. Common in moist, woody places throughout the whole colony. FI. May — June. 49. Platylophus Trifoliatus. Don. (White Alder-, Wit- Els.) — Branches and twigs purplish. Leaves trifoliate, stalked ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, toothed, netted-veined, smooth. Stipules deciduous. Flowers panicled, small, white; 2^anicels axillary, compound, many-flowered; peduncels shaggy. Calyx 4 cleft, persistent ; petals 4, trifid ; stamens 8-10. Styles 2. Capsule cartilaginous, ovate, •2-celled. Height from 30 to 40 feet ; diameter from 3 to 4 Bark whitish grey, rather smooth. Wood white, much lighter than that of the preceding species, from which it also differs in colour. It furnishes a good material for common furniture, drawers, boxes, picture-frames, &c., looks well when polished, and is also used for various wagon work. This stately tree is to be met with in the forests of the Swellendam, Worcester, George, and Uitenhage districts. Fl. January. HAMAMELIDE^. R. Br. 50. Trichocladus Crinitus. Pers. (Underwood. Onderhosch.) — Branches smooth, greyish-white, spreading. Leaves opposite, stalked, ovate or oval, bluntly acuminate, veiny, entire, glossy above. Twigs, petioles, calyces and underside of leaves densely coated with brown shag, Flowers dioecious, terminal, and axillary, clustered together upon a common receptacle ; Flower- heads stalked ; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5-epigynous, linear, involute ; stamens 5 ; styles 2. Capsule hairy, 2-celled, 5-valved ; ceils one-seeded. An arborescent shrub, 10-15 feet high, and from 6-8 inches broad. J3arA smooth ; wood hard, fit for wagon -work, etc. The branches and twigs are used on account of their toughness and elasticity ; they bend well without breaking, and serve as hoops for the manufacture of buckets, etc. This shrub is called Siduli by the Kafirs. Trichocladus elHpticus. E. & Z does not appear to difftr, but by narrower, more elliptical leaves. Common in the forests of the Knysna and Plettenberg's Bay, Tzitsi- kamma, Krakakamma, Stockenstrom, Caffraria &c. Flor, Dec— Jan. OLINIE^. W. Arnott. 51. Olinia Capensis. Klotzsch. {Hardpear.) — Branches and twigs angular, spreading. Leaves opposite, oval, leathery, entire, somewhat wavy, tapering into a petiole, emarginate, slighty pointed, pennineryed, glossy above, pale below. Calyx 5-toothed. 19 Flowers terminal, cymose; bracts deciduous; petals white, spathulate ; stamens 5 ; filaments short, inflexed ; stigma thick, blunt. Drupe oblong, dry, 3-4 celled; cells one-seeded by abortion. Height of stem 25-30 feet ; diameter from 2 to 3. Bark greyish-white, very rugged. Wood yellowish-white, hard, tough and heavy, like the European white Birch It is chiefly used by wheelwrights fur axles, poles and sundry wagon-work, but may be tried as well for railway purposes. Konha-wood, which greatly resembles Hardpear, but of which I have been unable to procure branches and leaves for identification, appears to belong to another species of Olinia, the wood itself being of finer grain. Common in the forests and woods throughout a great portion of the Colony. Fl. Jul— Aug. 52. Olinia Cymosa. Thhg. — Branches 4-angular, very straight. Leaves stalked, opposite, obovate, emarginate, or blunt with a point, coriaceous, entire, penninerved, smooth. Petioles short, depressed. Florvers white, cymose, axillary. Shrubby. Height of stem 4 to 6 feet ; diameter 6-8 inches. Bark whitish-grey, cracked. Wood hard, close-grained, heavy, well adapted for turner's work. Delights in rocky spots, and is common on the east side of Table Mountain, and in similar localities of the Western division of the Colony. Fl. July— August. MYRTACE^. Juss. 53. Eugenia Zeyheri, Harv. ( Wild Ja^nhos.) — Branches rough. Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate, short-stalked, entire, glabrous, slightly revolute. Flowers stalked, axillary, small. Calyx 4-cleft ; petals 4; stamens numerous; style 1. Berry subglobose, crowned with the withered calyx. Height from 15 to 20 feet ; breadth from 9 to 12 inches. Bark thin, grey, longitudinally rent. Wood white, hard, heavy, fine-grained, some- what resembling white Maple. Fit for the manufacture of carpenter's tools, ploughs, axles, &c. Fruit edible. In the forests of the Van Stadensbergen, and near Uitenhage. Fl. December. C0RNE.-3E. D.C. 54. Curtisia Faginea. Ait. {Assagay-wood; Assagay-hout.) — J5ra7zc^es decussate, erect ; ^w^^5 purplish, tomentose. Leaves opposite, stalked, oblong, acuminate, unequally toothed, glabrous, veined. Petioles and veins clothed with a dense rusty shag. Flowers small, numerous, red, paniculate. Panicles trichotomous, shaggy, terminal. Calyx 4 parted ; petals 4 ; stamens 4 ; style 20 1 ,* itiymas 4-5. Berry round, fleshy, yellowish, 4-5 seeded. Burip. Plant. African. Decad. t. 82. ' Height from 20 to 40 f et, if allowed to grow, for the tree is often felled before it has attained its full size, and commonly measures from 15 to 20 feet high, and from 2 to 3 in circumference. The hark is thin, black, and almost smooth. The wood, which is highly prized within the Colony, is solid, extremely tough, heavy, close-grained, very durable, and resembles plain'mahogany. It answers well for all kinds of superior furniture, tools, &c., but is truly invaluable, and not to be surpassed by any other wood, in the consti'uction of wagons, particularly in this country, where the natural difficulties of the roads, the great distances to go, and the excessive heat of the climate, require strong and sub- stantially-built vehicles for travelling. Called Omhlehe by the Katirs. The tree grows in the primeval forests throughout the whole Colony, and also in Katirland. Fl. January— February. RUBIACE^. Juss. 55. BurchelUa Capensis. D. C. {Wild Pomegranate; Buffelshoorn.) — Branches opposite, erect. Leaves on short stalks, ovate, acute, subcordale, downy, rigid, entire. Stipules deciduous, internally shaggy. Flowers of a deep orange hue, capitate, terminal, sessile on a villous receptacle, with minute bracts. Calyx tubular, deeply 5 parted ; corolla funnel-shaped ; tube hispid. Anthers 5, pointed, almost sessile. iStyle 1 filiform ; stigma club-shaped, 2 fid. Berry 2 locular, turbinato-globose. Seeds black, angular. A small tree 12 to 14 feet high, but sometimes from 1 to 2 in diameter. Bark greyish -brown. Wood very hard and close, and chiefly used for agricultural implements. Common in the forests of Swellendam, George, and Uitenhage. Fl. October— November. 56. Gardenia llnmhergia. Lin. {Wild Katje^nering ; Buffelsbal.) — i?7'ft??r^(?5 unarmed, erect, much divided. Liaves oblong, attenuate at both ends, stalked, verticillate, entire, veined, glabrous. Flowers terminal, solitary, white, scented. Calyces tubular, leafy, hispid, cleft at one side with leaflike appendages. Corolla tubular, salver-shaped ; j;e^a/6' 8, obtuse. Anthers 7 — 9 ; style club-shaped, sliaggy. Frnit baccate-ovate, smooth, wdiite, imperfectly 5-celleel, many-seeded, very hard, almost woody. Bot. Magaz. t. 1004. Height of I r link from 8 to 10 feet; breadth from 10 to 12 inches. Bark smooth, greyish-white. Wood hard, heavy, and strong, and used for making tools, clubs, kieries, yokes, axles, fellies, ploughs, and also fit to engrave upon, &c. In the forests of the Krakahamma and Olijihant's Hoek (Uitenhage). Fl. January — February. 21 57. Qardenia Rothmannia. Lin.— Branches and ttvigs unarmed, brown, angular, rough, erect. Leaves on very short stalks, opposite, oblong, acute, veined, entire, smooth, but with hairy glands on the underface of the leaves, situated along the midrib in the axils of the veins. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, sweet-scented. Calyces cylindrical, ribbed, hairy within, 5-cleft, its seg7nents filiform, sharp-pointed ; Coro'la beil-shaped, 5 parted ; petals 5, pointed, reflexed, buff, sprinkled with purplish dots. A^ithers 5 ; style one, thickened at top. Fruit ovate, fleshy, costate, angular, smooth, 2-valved, 2-cellcd, many-seeded, black. Height of stem from 15—20, diameter from 1 — 1^ feet. Bark grey, smooth. Wood very hard, strong, and tough. Used chiefly for tools, axles, fellies, and other wagonwork like the preceding. This tine tree is to be met with in the aborighial woods of the George and Uiteuhage districts. Katberg &c. Fl. January— February. 5S. Plectronia Ventosa. Lin. ( SchapendroUetjes.) — Branches brachiate, patent, spiny ; spines horizontal ; twigs quadrangular. Leaves stalked, opposite, elliptic, smooth, almost leathery, entire, pale on the lower surface. Flowers corymbose, axillary, greenish. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5 parted, throat hairy. Stamens 5, filaments very short ; stigma capitate* Drupe fleshy, didymous, compressed, excised, 2 locular ; cells one-seeded. Cruse. Rub. Capens. tab. 2. Height from 15 to 20 feet ; diameter from 6 to 10 inches. Bark whitish, smooth. Wood hard, close, heavy, and tough ; takes varnish well, looks marble-like, and is veiy handsome. It will suit the joiner for small and fancy furniture, and the wagonmaker for fellies, &c. The fruit, though insipid, is eaten by the natives. Common in mountain ravines and forests throughout a great part of the colony. Fl. October — November. 59*. Plectronia Mundtiana, {Canthium Mundtianum. ChamJ) (^Bock'Ash; Klipessse.) — Branches iorkeiij knotty; hranchlets rather compressed. Leaves stalked, oval, smooth or downy, one-coloured, membranous, blunt or slightly point jd ; petioles somewhat channelled and shaggy on the upper side; stipides ovate, mucronate. Flowers cymose. Cymes axillary, stalked, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Calyx^ flowers and fruit as in the preceding species. A shrub or middling tree, 12-15 feet high, and from 6-8 inches wide. 5arA thin, grey, rough ; TFoo^ yellowish-white, very hard and heavy. Useful to turners for screws, tools, etc; to manufactures of mu:;ical instruments, and for other purposes Grows in the forests of Plettenberg's Bay, the Tzitsikamma, in the woody ravines of the Devil's mountain, &(•.. Flor. Nov— Dec. 22 60. Plectronia Spijiosa. Klotzsch. — J5rawr/)ers stalked, axillary, white ; stalks shaggy, 1 — 5 flowered. Height from 4 to 5 feet ; breadth from 5 to 6 inches. Bark thin, grey, smooth. Wood light, poroiis. Little used, except for fuel. Common on the north side of Table Mountain and similar places. Fl. July. 71. Royena Pvhescens. Willd. — Branchlets clothed with adpressed hairs. Leaves lanceolate-obovate, blunt, revolute at the margins, attenuated into a short petiole, leathery, smooth, pale, and slightly downy below. L'lowers solitary, axillary, stalked ; peduncles pubescent, shorter than the leaves. Bracts linear- lanceolate, placed above the middle of the stalk. Calyx adnate, deeply 5 cleft, outwardly silky ; sepals ovate, taper-pointed. Corolla bell-shaped, 5 parted, externally hairy; styles 6 united at base. Fruit leathery, 5, celled, downy, nearly globose. A large shrub or small tree, 6-8 feet high and 4-5 inches in girth. Bark greyish-white, rough. Wood very close-grained, heavy and durable ; takes a line polish; resembles Milkivood and furnishes a superior mate- rial to the turner and wood engraver. Grows on grassy hills near the Van Staden's River, and in the Kraka- kamma. Fl. May, June 72. Euclea Pseudebenus. E. Meyer. (Cape Ebony.) — Branches spreading, greyish-white, much crooked ; tivigs slender, very leafy. Leaves alternate, linear, sharp-pointed, entire, wrinkled, pale, smooth, tapering into a short petiole. Flowers dioecious, male-ones racemose ; racemes few-flowered, their stalks as long as the petioles ; ye'/?ia/e-o/^e5 solitary, axillary. Calyx T) E cleft, Jiiiil JIM vv('ll :iK the |)((luii(;l('H, downy ; r.alijx /o/^r'.s oviitc, Mimt. Coro/ffi 5 1)<1, twl(j(! UH lon^ jih iIkj cup, urccohilc-cijiiiipiiiiulwtc, cxt(!ru:illy liojiry. Sta/nurns ]H'''2() ', Jilamcntu Hliort; ah/leu 2; at'ujnuis 4. Harry Hiriootli, oiic-Hccdcd, ol the h'izc of" a \H'.\i. This vnliudihj lri'(^, Ihoiii^h it (hx-H not ^n-ow \i\\y lii;^Ii, iitl:iiiiH a (li.'unctcror from 10-12 iiK^hcs iiiid more, it has ji, very thin barli, nnd lh(! bc.iiiity nnd iiHcrnhicH.s of ils jcl -hi;ic,k, h;ir feet lii^'h, and from 10 l.'J inches \vi(l(!. Jhirli ^rey, wrinkled ; Wood dark, coloured, heavy. (Called Oin^iimU hy tin; KatirH. (irows in Ihe forests of (Jeoi'M(i mid llie Ziini Ix i^cn, als(» in Mk; Addo- bnsh (Uilenha-,^'), and Hril. CallVaria. I''l. Sept.-Oclhr. 74. J'Aiele.a lln (lie name of (Jnarri- Icffjcs^ ami (;aten hy the. natives. Comrrum in karroo-like, soil in t!ie Svvellendani, ( Jcorge, and 1 1 ilenha|.;() diHtricts. I'M. l)(!c.~- .January. IT). J'Jnrlcd J{.(trer/K)sa. /.in. — liranchcs er(M;l, ron«i;h ; /irt(/s much divi, connected n,t baH(!, and hairy at the apicies. i^h/les 2. Herri/ one-eelhid, one 8eed(!d, ^l(d)()He, (IcHhy. 27 UhiuiI hci^'ht G Icct ; diairiclcr doirj /) to (> inches. /^arA grey, .smooth, WoofI \i:\vi\, \n'/.\.vy ; (;ni|)loy(;(| hy wheelwrights jiiid tiiniciM. Answers vary well for wooden .serciws, l)iit is chiefly ti.sed ms fuel. Cjlrovvs on the west sith; of Devil's Mounhiin, in V;in C;nni)'s Bay, n(;ur VVyni)erg, ;ind in nniiiy oilier ioe;ili(i'-s. I''l. June. JASMfNACKyi:. Jt;.ss. 7(5. O/aa Verrucosa,. [Anh. ( ()l'hm-w()od\ OlyvpMliout.) — JSranchca and /w/V/.s- orect, totiJi^onouH, rouf»li, with swittercd clovsited wnrtH. Lcjircii hiriccohitf!, silmo.st sosfiile, tapering at both C'xtrcrniti(!.4, (lallouH at toj), loathory, (jntirc, flossy, and ^roen above, ycIlowiHli boncatli. .F/o'mera Hrnall, vvliito, paniciilnted. PaniclcH axillary, tricliotonious. (Jah/x 4 cloft; lobas sliarp- [)()itit()d. S/,a/mcus 2 ; .sVyy/r-.s short, 2 lid. Co/'o/Za rotate, 4 parted. Drupe, pisifonn, ahnoHt dry, oiic-Heechid. Height Iroin VI lo l.'J U'v.{, l)re;idth Iroin 8 to I'i inches. Ihirk thin, grey, chinky. 'I'Ik! woml,,, which ia very compact and heavy, h)ok.s liandsome when polished, and is one of the most ns(;fnl woods in the Colony. On ac(;onn( (jf ils densily and ('X(r(!ine hardnciss, which even weiirsont iron, it is adniiiahly a,d;ipt(!d lor fnrnitnrc!, tools, wagonwork, and lor the constiMiction of mills and other machinery. 'I'his tree mnch res(!ml)les tin; JiC('nt(Hl, sinali, pani{Mdal,(!d. 7'aAi'/V;/6'.s' terminal, trichotoniousiy branched. Anthers yellow ; uLiyma gioboHo. Drupe bjiccate. Botan. Ma^^az. t. ;3()Ht). II(!iglit from 15 lo 20 f(!ft; diani(^lrr from 1,^ lo 2. /Azr/dgrey. Wood brownish, hard, cl()a(;-graine(l, and h(!avy. Looks wcdl when varnished, und is used by (;al)iiiet-ma,kerH for all kinds of fnrnilnre, but ischielly employed for axles, poles, and geni^ral wagon work. Tools, also plonghs and agiicnltnral im|)lemenls, are m.inufaci nred from it. (jlrows abundantly in most of tli<; forests of tin; east(!rn i);irts of the C:(.lony. V\. l\lay— dune. 7H. ()/('((, Foneoldf/f. JC. J)f('//er. (Ironmood; Vzerhoitt.) — JJrauc/ies aHh-cohmred, Hpicadin;; ; f/vi(/.s forked, yoiin^-ones downy. Leaves opposite, Hhort-.s talked, ovat(!-oblon«^, HUiootli, ponninorv(Ml, v.uUrc, with revolnte margins, blunt, rctUHo and recurved at apex, leathery, gloHsy above, |)ah; and pitted in tho 28 axils of the veins below. Floivers oymose ; cymes short, axillary ; bractlets and segments of the calyx obtuse; lobes of the corolla hooded at top. Drui^e dry, elliptical. A tree al)Out 20 feet high, and from 8-10 indies broad. Bark thin, -vvhilisli, smooth. Wood white, very close g'Miued, heavy, and hard, Well adapted for wagonwork of all kinds, and more particularly for poles and the construction of wheels. Grows in the forests of the Kraka- kamma and Olifantshoek. Fl. Febr.— March. 79. Olea Capensis. Linn. — Branches and twigs quadrangular, rough. Zeavf .5 short-stalked, opposite, oval or obovate, blunt or sometimes mucronate, entire, leathery, smooth. Flowers panicled, minute, crowded, white ; panicles terminal, three-lorked. Drupes ellipsoidal, wrinkled, somewhat smaller than a pea. A tree 20-25 feet high, and M| broad. Bark wdiite, smooth. Wood white, compact, and heavy, like the preceding, and used for similar purposes. Common in the forests, throughout a great part of the Cohniy. Fi. Januar. — Febr. ASCLEPIADE^. R. Br. 80. Secamone TJiunlergii. E Meyer, ( Periploca Secamone. Thhg.) {Bosch f on 7v; Melhtouw.)—^tem twining. Branches aller- nate, opposite, spreading, leaves stalked, oblong, opposite, obtuse or bluntly pointed, entire, ribbed, smooth, levolute. Flowers cymose, wliite, minute. Cymes axillary, dichotomous. Pedicels downy, rufous. Calyx 5 parted, coronet 5 scaled. Corolla rotate, 5 fid, villous within. Follicles brachiate, acute, glabrous. Seeds hairy. This shrub derives its vernacular name from tha milky juice "which oozes from it when wounded. The stem, which like that of the wild vine, and other twining shrubs, climbs to the very tops of the tallest forest-trees, serves the baboons instead of ropes, to swing themselves from tree to tree, when in search of food, or in escaping from their enemies ( Baviuonstouw ; Bahoonsrope). Bark grey, warty. Wood wiiite, hard, and tough ; but although the stem often attains a cousider- abie length, its thick ne.-s rarely exceeds a few inches. The natives use these twigs as we do those of the willow. Common in the primeval forests of the Colony. Fl. October— Novem- ber. APOCYNE.E. Juss 81. Gonioma Kaniassi. E. Meytr. {Kamassi-wood, Ka- massi-hout.) — Brattches erect, whorled. Leaves ojjposite, or more frequently ternate, oblong-lanceolate, entire coriaceous, ribbed, taper-pointed, dark green and glossy above, paler beneath. /'7o??;e?>' small, cymose, leathery, yellowish, sweet-scented. Cyme?: 29 terminal, many-flowered. Calyx 5 cleft; lobes blunt. Fi/amnit^ 5, short; anthers inclosed; style 1. Corolla salver-slraped ; tube hairy within, narrowed at the tln-oat. Follir'es2, roundisli, patent. Seeds pendulous, surrounded with an oblong netted wing. Trunk slender, straight, 16 to 20 feet high, nnd from 1 to 1| broad. Bark thin, yellowish-grey. Wood yellow, very hard, lough, close- grained, and one of the finest in the Colony. It serves the cabinet- maker for furniture and veneering, but is particularly adapted for the manufacture of planes and carpenter's tools, engraving, &c. It is useful also for poles, yokes, ploughs, &c. This tree, whcse flowers fill the surrounding atmosphere Avith their delightful smell, is pretty common in the aboriginal woods of the Tzitsikamma, Krakakamma, and Addo (Uitenhage). Fl. October. LOGANIACEJ^. Endl. 82.* Atherstonea JDecnssata. {Cajje Teak, ov Kajatenh out.) — Branches and hranchlets decussate, 2-3 forked ; upper twigs compressed, knotty. Leaves opposite or fascicled at the top of the branchlets, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, blunt, triplinerved, revolute, leathery, smooth, glossy, pale and netted-veined below, cuneate and lengthened into a short petiole, 1-2 inches long, \ to an inch broad. Inter j)etiolary stipules represented by elevated ridges at the bases of the leaf-stalks. Flowers hermaphrodite, corymbose, minute, greenish; corymbs axillary, few-flowered, bracts opposite, amplexicaul, concave, acute. Calyx 4-5 partite, free, its segments ovate, blunt, and fringed at the margins. Corolla monopetalous, regular, campanulate, externally smooth, internally villoso-barbate ; lobes lanceolate, incurved at top and spreading on expansion ; aestivation valvate. Stamens 4-5 adhering, to the corolla, and alternating with the lobes ; anthers 2 locular, oval, erect, introrse ; style simple, thickish, subcapitate, shorter than the stamens ; genitals enclosed. Ovary 2 celled (?) Drupe oblong, smooth. Seeds unknown. This tree grows 20-25 feet high, and from 1 to 1^ feet broad. Bark brown, rimpied. H ood reddish-brown, hard, heavy, tough, and less brittle than Oak. It serves in the manufacture of rural utensils, but is chiefly employed in the form of staves for cooper's work. Grows in the thickets and forests of Uitenhage, Olifant's Hoek, and elsewhere in the districts of tlie Eastern Province. Fl. JSTovember. SCROPHULARIACEtE. Juss. 83. Halleria Lucida. Lin. {White Olive.) — Stem trichoto- mously branched. Branches spreading. Leaves petiolate, oppo- * Named in honour of Dr. W. G. Atherstone, of Graham's Town, a gentleman whose merits rendered to South African Botany and Geology rank high, and to whom I am under great obligations for valuable information towards this work. 30 site, ovate, acuminate, serrate, smooth. Floivers stalked, axillary, aggregate, nodding ; peduncles one-flowered. Calyx persistent, very short, 3 lobed. Corolla irregular, curved, funnel-shaped, purple ; Unih bilabiate. Stamens 4, exserted ; stigma acute. Berry globose, smooth. Bot. Magaz. t. 1,744. Usual height of trunk, which is straight, about J2-14 feet; diameter from 6 8 inches. Barli very thin, greyish- white, much rent. Wood like Hed Beech, but of a finer grain, hard, tough and well adapted for carpenter's work, planes, screws, joiner's benches, and tools of every description. It also supplies the wagonmaker with a good article for poles, &c. This small tree is found both in the Western and Eastern districts. Moisty, shady places are most favourable to its vigorous growth. Fl. June— July. 84. Halleria Elliptica. Tlibg. (Oudehout.) — Branches opi^o- site; twigs erect, quadranoular, patent. Leaves oblong, narrowed towards each end, serrate, rigid, smooth. Flowers peduncled, axillary, standing in two's. Corolla nearly equally lobed, tubular at base, bell-shaped at top, purple, nodding. Stamens, style, and herry as in Halleria lucida. Lin. Burm. Plant, Afric. Dec. t. 89, fig. 1. Height 6-10 feet; diameter 8-9 inches. Bark white, smooth. Wood yellowish, soft but tough. Used chiefly for plough-beams, axe handles, &c. In the woods of the Uitenhage district, and other parts of the Colony. FI. June. 85. Nuxia Florihunda. Benth. (Wild Elder.) — Branches greyish, white ; trvigs angular or compressed. Leaves opposite, sub verti cilia te, mostly in threes, long-stalked, oblong-elliptical blunt or mucronate, margined, penninerved, entire or faintly toothed, smooth. Flowers panicled, white ; panicles terminal, many-flowered, pyramidal, dichotomously branched. Calyx bell- shaped, glossy, 4 toothed ; teeth short. Corolla short, tubular ; limb patent, 4 lobed. Stamens 4:, exserted, style undivided; stigma thick. Caj)sule 2 valved ; Seeds minute, numerous. A handsome tree, measuring from 20 30 feet in height and from 1-2 in diameter. Bark thin, whitisli. Wood close, heavy, wiiite, and useful for common furniture, rural implements, wagonwork, &c. Grows in the forests of George, Uitenhage and Natal. Fl. May — June. 86. Chilianthus Arboreus. Burch. {Wild Elder.) — Bran- ches and twigs alternate, angular, shaggy. Leaves opposite, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, acute, veiny, entire, hoary beneath, much resembling those of the common Olive tree. Flowey^s numerous, small, white, paniculated. Panicles large, fastigiate. 31 not unlike those of Sambucus 7iigra (Elder). Calyx 4 cleft, bell- shaped, tomentose. Stamens 4, exserted ; style 1 , short. Capsule ovate, 4 valved, 4 seeded. Jacq. Hort, Schoenbr. t. 29. A small tree. Height without the branches about 10 feet ; diameter 8 to 10 inches. Wood hard and tough. Usi^d (or common furniture, chairs, table-feet, &c. To be met with in the Cape, Swellendam, and Uitenhage districts. Fl. November— December. 87. Duddleia Salvicefolia. Lamh. (^Sage-wood) — Much bran- ched. Branches quadrangular ; twigs erect, switchy. Leaves almost sessile, opj3osite, lanceolate, crenate, cordate, acute, veined, rugose, dark green above, and covered beneath with a thick rust- coloured shag, along with the twigs, calyces, and flowers. Flowers clustered, terminal, numerous, paniculated; p^^/^^67e.s' ovato-pyra- midate. Calyx bell-shaped, 4 parted. Corolla regular, funnel- shaped, 4 fid, yellow. Stamens 4:-, s^?//e simple. Ca^sw/e 2 valved, many seeded. Jacq. Hort, Schoenbrun t. 28. Height 12 to 15 feet ; diameter 8 to 10 inches. Wood hard, tough, heavy, and well suited for wagonwork, ramrods, yokes, and rural utensils of every kind. Mr. S. J. Hartman, an old experienced resident in the Eastern Province, and an undoubted authority on frontier matters, informs me, that it was this tree chiefly which furnished the Kafir warriors with shafts, for their javelius or assagais. Common in the districts of George, Uitenhage, Alban,y and Victoria East. Fl. January -February. LAURINEzE. Juss. 88. Oreodaphne JBullata. Nees ah. E. (Stinkivood, Stink- hout.) — Much branched. Branches divaricating, smooth. Leaves alternate, leathery, elliptical, veiny, netted, glabrous, entire, attenuated into a channelled stalk, and having at the axils of the lower costal veins on the underside deep hollows, ciliated at their edges, and showing on the upper surface corresponding blisterlike protuberances. Floivers small, racemose ; racemes lateral or axillary. Peria7ith 6 parted ; lobes obtuse, deciduous. Corolla none. Stamens 9 ; glands of the outer-stamens large, capitate. 'Style tapering; stigma peltate. Berry surrounded at base by the enlarged, thickened, cup-shaped tube of the perianth. Hooker. Bot. Magz. t. 3,931 Height from 60-70 feet; diameter from 3-5. Bark dark-grey, moderately thick. The Wood of this beautiful tree (Mr. Barrow's African Oak*) smells very disagreeably when cut or worked at, and owing to the different stages of growth, three distinct varieties, the white^ mottled, and dark, are produced by the same species. Siinkwood is hard and durable, and the mottled and dark take an excellent polish * Tho true African Oak of commerce is Oldfithlia Afriranu. Benth. & Hook 32 and resemble Walnut. Iii the Colony it is extensively used no less for building purposes, tliaii for cabinetmaker's and carpen'^er's work. It furnishes the finest and most substantial articles of furniture, is superior to every other wood in the manufacture of gunstoeks, and serves the wagonmaker also for various purposes. At tho river Knysna^ where this tree attains a considerable size, the white variety has been employed even in shij)- building. In consequence, peihaps, of the peculi:\r odour exhaled by this wood when fresh, furniture made of it is little infested by vermin. Grows in the primev^al forests throughout a great portion of the Colony, and is even found in the bushy ravines of Table Mountain. There however, it is never allowed to become a stately tree, owing to the wanton usage of firing the mountain every year, a practice which not only destroys the most valuable timber, but greatly diminishes the supply of water, the occasional Avant of which in summer would not be felt so often, if the legislature Avere either to enact stringent laws against the continuance of this outrage, or to enforce, in a modified form, those in existence. Fl. October. PROTEACE^. R. Br. 89. Lcucadendron Ai-genteum. B, Br. (Silver-tree ; Witte^ boom.) — Branches and twigs round, rough, erect, tomentose Leaves crowded, sessile, alternate, lanceolate, glandular at top, entire, silky. Flowers dioecious, capitate in both sexes. Capitula many-flov/ered, terminal, solitary, surrounded with imbricated leaves. Bracts dilated, imbricated, tomentose. Calyx 4 parted, regular. Sta7nens 4 ; style filiform ; stigma oblique, clavate, emarginate : C07ie of female flowers ovate, large ; its scales obtuse, concave, woody. Nut black, one seeded, wingless, inclosed within the scales of the C07ie. Height from 8 to 10 feet; diameter from 8 to 12 inches. Bark thick. Wood soft, spongy, and liable to be infested by insects. Used occasionally for boxes, &c , but more commonly for fuel. This handsome tree is, on account of its fine silvery foliage, seen at a great distance, and has a very limited station, b^^ng peculiar only to Cape Town and vicinity. Fl. September — October. 90. Protea Grandijlora. Lin. (Wagon-tree; Wagenhoom.) — Much branched. Branches purplish, erect, smooth. Leaves alternate, oblong, sessile, glabrous, blunt, leathery, veiny, entire, callous at top. Floivers hermapliroditical, capitate, terminal. Capitula large, half-round, terminal, involucratecl. Involucres many-scaled ; outer scales ovate, clothed with a rust-coloured shag ', inner ones spathulate, smooth. Perianth 2 partite, tomen- tose ; staminiferoiis laminoe cohei'ing ; style awl-shaped, persistent. Nut one-seeded, bearded. Bot. Magaz. t. 2,447. Height about C-8 feet; breadth 6-8 inches. Bark brown, thick, much rent. The ivood has a reddish tint ; its grain is beautifully 33 , reticulated, and renders it useful for ornamental furniture, picture frames, &c. It is sometimes employed for fellies, ploughs, &c. The bruised leaves mixed with a saturated solution of iron in water, produce a tolerably good, black writing ink. The bark which furnishes a superior article for tanning, is used as an astringent in diarrhoea, and good charcoal is often made of the wood. Abundant in many parts of tlie Western districts, and particularly comman in Ilout Bay. Fl April. 91. Leucospermum Conocarpum. R. Br. (Kreupelboom.) — Branches spreading, very hairy. Leaves sessile, oval, rigid, veiny, calloso-dentate towards the top, villose at base. Flowers hermaphroditical, capitate, terminal, yellow. Capitula many- flowered, involucrated. Involucres im\)\'\QdiiQ()i, persistent; scales ovate, pointed, recurved, villose on the outside, smooth within. Perianth irregular, 2 partite, bearded. Stamens 4; 5^?//e filiform ; stigma thick, elongated, unequal-sided, smooth. Nut one-seeded, glabrous, white. Stem from 6 to 8 feet high, and from 4 to 6 inches in diameter; dwarfish, with a flat, broad top. Bark brown, thick, cragged. Wood reddish, tough but soft ; looking well when varnished. In the Colony it 13 sometimes used for wagon fellies, but oftener for making charcoal, and for fuel. The bark furnishes one of the best materials in the tanning of skins, and a decoction of it is recommended as a powerful astringent. Common near Cape Town and in other parts of the Colony. Fl. September. — October. 92. Braheium Stellati folium. R. Br. {Wild Almond; Wilde Amandelhoom. ) — Branches purplish, villose at top. Leaves whorled, petiolate, lanceolate, acute, serrato dentate, rigid, veiny, smooth, green above, pale and netted beneath. Petioles very- short. Flowers polygamous, fascicled, spiked, white, sweet- scented, supported by 07ie common bract. Spikes axillary ; peduncles tomentose. Perianth 4 leaved, regular ; stamina 4 ; style filiform, vertical. Fruit dry, one-seeded ; kernel bony. Stem from 8 to 10 feet high, and from ^ to 1^ feet broad. Bark thick, greyish-brown. Wood red, reticulated, looking extremely hand- some when polished, and fit to be used for ornamental joiner's and turner's work. As yet is has been little employed except as firewood. The bark of this proteaceous plant also contains a great deal of the tanning principle. The fruit, a drupe, is clothed in a velvety coat, and has received the vernacular name from its striking similarity to the almond. After having been soaked for some days in water, it is eaten by the natives, being obnoxious* when quite fresh. The kernel, when roasted, is used as coffee. *A fatal case of poisoning caused by tlie eating of the Wild Almmidm its raw state has just (May, 1862) occurred at Genadeudal, where the shrub grows in abundance. A little girl, 6 years, ol age having pai'taken of a quantity of this fruit, shortly afterwards complained of nausea and headache, followed by vomiting, purging, and pains in the stomach and abdomen. Dr. Roser who was sent for three hours after F 34 Found ill the thickets and woody ravines on the east side of Table Mountain, and in many other localities. Fl. December. SANTALACE^ R. Br. 93. Osyris Compressa. A. DC. (Thesium Colpoon,Thhg.) (Pruiyjibast.) — Srawhes tricliotomous, erect; t^vigs angular, compressed, smooth. Leaves on short stalks, opposite, ovate, entire, mucronate, glabrous. Floivei^s monoecious, small, paniculate, terminal. Corolla none. Perianth turbinate, 4 cleft ; stamens 4 ; style short ; stigma 4 lobed. Drupe baccate, obovate, one- seeded. Berg. Plant. Cap. Tab 1. Fig 1. Height of stem from 4 to 5 feet ; diameter 4 to 6 inches. BarTi grey thin. Wood heavy, fine grained ; useful to the turner and joiner, and very fit for fancy work. The whole of this bush contains a great deal of tanning matter, and is for that reason employed by many colonists for that purpose. Common in most of the Western parts of the Colony. Fl. May. MORE^. Endl. 94. Urostigma Natalense. Miq. — Much branched. Branches patent, wrinkled, white, smooth. Leaves at the top of the branches stalked, obovate, bluntly-pointed, entire, membranaceous, glabrous, penninerved and netted beneath. Flowers moncBcious, crowded, enclosed within small, fleshy, globose, pisiform receptacles, which are solitary, axillary, almost sessile, and supported at their bases by 3 bracts. The wild Fig-tree (the t'Kaa or Na-touw of the Hottentots and the Uluzi of the Kafirs) grows to a considerable height ; its diameter being from 8 to 10 inches. i?a?-^ white, smooth Wood \\\^\\t, spongy, very porous. T\\Q fibres of the bark serve the natives for the manufocture of very serviceable ropes. Common in the aboriginal forests of the Uiteuhage, Albany, and Victoria East districts; also in Caffraria Proper, and at Fort Natal. Fl. July. 95. Sycomorus Capensis, Miq. (Bush-Jig, or Malabar-tree ) — Branches v/hite, spreading. Leaves stalked, ovate or ovate- oblong, entire or sinuato-dentate, apiculate, veined, smooth, membranous, pale on the underside, three or four times as long as the petioles. Fruit stalked, scattered on the branches, top- these symptoms had first made their appearance, found the child in spasms and nearly insensible. Emetics and antispasmodics promptly administered jjroved ineffective, and the poor little sufferer soon expired under convulsions. At a post-mortem examitiation made next day, the entire mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels, and particularly that of the colon, Mas found inflamed ; the stomach empty and the other viscera perfectly healthy. 35 shaped, as larg^e or somewhat larger than a hazelnut. Hook. Lond. Journ. of Botan. vol 7. tab. 3. B. A tree of considerable size and width. Z?a;7£ rougli, fibrous. Wood white, sofr, and of little value. Common in the primeval forests of the Krakakamma, Tzitsikamma, Zuurbergen and Natal — Nov. CELTIDE^. Rich. 96. Celtis rhamMifolia. Prsl. (Rhamnus celtifolius. Thhfj.) — {Camdehoo- Stinkwood.) Branches and twigs pimpled, rou"-h. Leaves short-stalked, alternate, ovate, bluntly-acuminate, serrate, more or less unequal sided at base, pale with elevated veins below, leathery, smooth. Flowers monoecious, stalked, solitary or clustered, axillary, greenish, small. Flower-stalks pilose. Perianth 4 celft, persistent ; its segments ovate, concave. Corolla none. Stamens 4, shorter than the perianth and opposite its lobes ; anthers cordate, introrse ; ovary ovate, hispid, 1 celled ; stigmata 2 terminal, recurved. Z>rwj;e fleshy, yellow. Burm. PI. African. Decad. t. 88. Height 20, diameter 2 feet and more. Barh grey, even. Wood yellowish-white, tough. Used for planks, yokes, triggers, axehandles, laths, fences, and cooper's work. The Kafir name for this tree is Omhahe Common in the forests both of the Western and Eastern Provinces, and in British Caffraria. Fl. — Sept. AMENTACE^. Juss. 97. Salix Gariepina. Burch. (JVillow-tree ', Wilgehooni.) — Branches smooth, pendulous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, sawed, glabrous, glaucous beneath. Scales of the catkins downy. 3fale catkins cylindrical ; stamens 5 ; female catkins racemose. Capsules stalked, ovate, 2 valved. (Burchell.) Height from 15 to 20 feet ; breadth from 1|^ to 2. Bark brOAvn, almost like cork. Wood wdiite, light, soft ; liable to attack by insects of the beetle tribe. The larger twigs are used for spars in house building, the slender ones in the manufacture of baskets, &c. This tree much resembles the Weeping-willow, and grows chiefly along the banks of the river Gariep. CONIFERiE. Juss. 98. Widdringtonia Juniper oides. Endl. {Cedar-tree; Ceder- boom.) — Branches purplish, squarrose, twiggy. Leaves opposite, minute, decussate, densely imbricated, appressed, ovate, connate. 36 bluntly pointed, glabrous, glanduliferous. Flowers dioecious. Male catkins terminal, solitary; female ones, lateral. Cones globose, 4 valved ; valves woody, erect, mucronate. This valuable tree, if not disturbed, attains a very considerable size. Its usual height, however, is from 15 to 20 feet, and its diameter from 3 to 4. The wood resembles fir, has a peculiar smell, and makes valuable timber for ship and housebuilding. It is also useful to the cabinetmaker for various kinds of furniture : chests, drawers, chairs, tables, Avardrobes, &c., which are durable on account of the resinous smell of the wood, which keeps them from the aggressions of insects. Sir James Alexander, in his exploring expedition into the interior of Africa (vol. I., pag. 230, sqq.), in making mention of the Cedar tree^ remarks, that one of them was cut down in 1836, which was 36 feet in girth, and out of w^hose giant arms 1,000 feet of planking were sawn. He bitterly complains, that this noble tree is fast disappearing in the Cedar Mountains. Mr. W. von Meyer,* another South African traveller. Bays, that in former days the whole of the mountainous chain, to which the Cedar Mountains belong, was studded with these trees, but that of late the axe and conflagrations have done their utmost to destroy the valuable forests. From the branches and cones of this tree exudes a gum, which soon hardens in the air, becomes solid, yellowish, and transparent, and scarcely ditfers from the Gummi Olibanum, an article well known to commerce. This gum is successfully used in the form of fumigations ia gout, rheumatism, or oedematous swellings ; and is also employed for the purpose of compounding plasters or preparing varnish. Found only in the Cedar Mountains, in the Clanwilliam district. 99. Widdringtonia Cupressoides. Endl. {Sa'pree-wood.) — Branches alternate, erect. Leaves quadrifarious, imbricate, sessile, oppressed, oblong, blunt, smooth. Inflorescence ?ind. fructification like that of the preceding species. Attains the height of ]2 feet, and measures 6 to 8 inches in diameter. The wood is rather light, but said to be of service for cooper's w^ork, especially in the manufacture of pails. Not uncommon in elevated localities throughout a great portion of the Colony, but seldom allowed to grow to maturity, in consequence of the destructive fires already alluded to. TAXINE^. Rich. 100. Podocarpus Elongatus, VKerit. (^Outeniqua Yellow- wood.) — Branches whorled, spreading; ^?y^^.s^ angular, somewhat compressed. Leaves almost sessile, alternate, narrow, linear- lanceolate, acutely mucronate, entire, smooth. Flowers dioecious; male catkins terminal, clustered, spiked, surrounded at base with * Reisen in SUd-Africa, wahrend der Jahre 1840 und 1841. Hamburg, 1843, 8vo. pag. 131. 37 imbricated bracts. Stamens several, short. Female catkins stalked, axillary, solitary, destitute of bracts, one-flowered. Drupe one- celled, roundish, elliptical, half immersed in the fleshy receptacle. Height from 50 to 70 feet ; diameter from 3 to 7. Bark thin, grey, smooth. Wood yellowish, uot imlike deal, but destitute of resiu. It is the Omcaba of the Kafirs. Extensively used in the Colony as timber, in the shape of beams, plauks, floors, &c., but also for all kinds of carpenter's and joiner's work, such as bedsteads, tables, presses, chairs ; in fact, for common furniture of every description, and looks exceedingly well when polished. The lofty stem of this tree is serviceable for top masts and yards of ships. Common in the primeval forests of the Kuysna, where it is found ia greatest perfection. 101. Podocarpus Thunbe7'gii. Hook. (Upright Yellow-wood.) — Leaves broad-oblong, lanceolate, blunt with a callous point, narrowed into a short stalk, one-nerved, leathery, smooth. Male catkins short, axillary ; female one solitary, stalked ; stalk as long as the 2 teethed receptacle. Branches and fruit as in P, elongatus. Hook. Lond. Journ. of Botany, vol. 1. tab. 22. Stem very straight. Height 40-60 feet ; diameter 3 to 4. Bark thin, whitish-grey. Wood bright-yellow, very handsome when polished, of finer grain, and greatly superior to the former. It is particularly fit for furniture, but not less so for a variety of other purposes. The leaves are the broadest of any of the South African species of the genus. Grows in the forests both of the Western and Eastern districts. Fl. September. 102. Podocarpus Pruinosus. E, M. (Bastard Yellow- wood.) — ^ra/ic/ie^grey, much spreading; ^w/^s angular. Leaves distichous, subsessile, linear -lanceolate, subfalcate, acute, leathery, glaucous, 10 lines to an inch, long, 1| to 2 lines broad. 3Iale catkins cylindrical, 3-4 lines long, crowded in the axils of the leaves ; female flowers and drupes unknown to me. Attains a very considerable height and circumference. Wood pale- yellow, tough, but in all respects inferior to the two preceding species, though extensively used for building purposes throughout the Colony and British Caffraria. Among the Kafirs it goes by the name of Omtemseha. Common in the forests of the Colony and beyond it. 38 r5^ 2^ S '^ 5 S G C Si£ S o~ o o o -^ 6 ^^c^^ ^^'^^ o o II C/3 U o ^w C fcjo 3 go. CO ^ . O s ^ a o s 3 fcJD a '^ 9 .-; '^ ri '^s " o ( J 5 ■^ O ^ ,ci X ;^ Qi u hS^- • fcJD (=1 C ^^ - 7: J2) s ^ n2 >^ ^ i to a ;3 rt s ^ 1^ s.s o '3 < H o ^ m 0-5 r-; 'TS -fcJ _^ ~ ~ tj .y^ rt 'S 1^ ^ rt CS K-^^l « ? o rW Cfi 3 t^ o r "^ O H CO yi CO o —I (M OC HC1 S ^ c3 o -tJ .rt 2 •-5-s^ _ £h oa ce a sj C3S 1^ -fi s -^ u u :i MpqWW S-i - =3 rt 'd S to w ® a SS c3 rt rt cS 0000 o Q g s s 1 to rt' Is 50 '3 r3 fl 00 39 a ^ < N -^ o o o b g "S o It: ^"^ o m W pq o cP o -t; « & S ^ c 2 ,^ o 3 « o ^ 11 c^ cd ;=! o ^3 .A OT -ill ^ bo S3 m" Ph O H *• i£ p ci ? ,r W OJ en lllii tx^ Q H h^ - fee S— c/T S ^.ti iS s a cj o ^ i2 3 .S 5 3 ^ i-S. cS S fcO be o • 73 "^ ^ f-< " _ cgS>- ffl "2 t P^ a T^ ^ " w Sh 'a fcx),a rt 2 r^ ^^ Q »- O ^'^ "J O ■2^ T C^ (M CD 1-1 ,-1 lO 05 i-- .a 'N O CO C^ V CO ot -^ O O <>1 CO ll b£i^ . -cf a - a =i a ^ ^ h3 .S a be ^ PW W C o .95! fco It KG mh a 1=! 3 O c3 40 li > Silvertree, witte- boom. Kreupelboom. Hottentot cherry. Kafir ironwood, omzambetee. Red milkwood. Unknown. Cape beech, beu- kenhout. Kooboo. VVitboschhout. Wild elder. Redwood, rood- hout. Ironwood, Yzer- hout. Ditto. Black ironwood. Olivewood, olyven- hout. i Fuel. Tanning, fuel. Musical instruments. Furniture. &c. Fellies, axles, and other wagonwork. Little used. Wagonwork. Fellies and other wagon- work, rural utensils, &c. Furniture, fellies, &c. Common furniture, rural implements, wagonwork. Tools, triggers, poles, &c. Axles, poles, tools. S:c. Wagonwork of all kinds. Cabinet or Wagonmaker's work, &c. Furniture, millwork, wa- gon making, is.c. < a Soft, spongy. Tough,butspongy. Hard, tough- Hard & durable. Close-grained, tough, heavy. Heavy, close- grained. Tough. Hard, tough. Light, but tough. Close, heavy. Heavy, tough. Very hard and heavy. Very hard and heavy. Close-grained, heavy. Compact, heav}', hard. si 8-12 inch. 5-6 ,. 3-4 „ 2-3 feet. 1^2 „ G-8 inch. U-2 feet. 9-15 inch. 1-2 feet. li-2 „ 1-li » 8-10 inch. 1^2 feet. 8-12 inch. 9 - S 5 8-10 feet. 5-8 „ 6-8 „ 30-40 „ 15-25 „ 10-12 „ 15-20 „ 20-25 „. 20 20-30 „ 20-30 „ 20-25 „ 20 „ 15-20 „ 12-15 „ ■< H O Leucadcndron argenteum, R. Br.. Leucospcrmumconocarpon,R Br. Maurocenia canensis. S Myrsine melanophleos, R. Br Mystroxilon Kubu, E. & Z Niebuhria triphylla, Wendl Nuxia floribnndn. Bth S J o .5 .2 c i o o -1 o ' 1 B 1 J 4> .9 S > 41 -Is ^ '-e W t^ c/icu, t4«^ ^ p-3 S .^'«' £; 5 o ^ Ci- o -r ? tc o o o •- I ^ ?- c/i !? ^ M ^^ S-l O o ^ u'-^.^» I > oo en .r-. ;S n2 o P-(P-( ■fcc 42 c3Q O r6 o I I S I M t3 S « M pq tz; o i'^ — ; lilil ffl ^ pq f^ H P^ 2 ^ CO H CO bt)bc K O ow T-l CO CO T-< GO rf< T}^ (M ^ o ^ £-2h M be ^ o ^ Pw ca .a a co!y2 43 If 9 & c (L) F- > O • &C Ui ° ^ S S^ ^ 22 ,i; ?^ o " O) o CO P .ii ,Ji4 rj3 O |l .owl c«0 o ^^'. Is a be «2 2 6 « •^ fi +5 -^ ft ?:■ •5 -e o -^ ^ ^ - CO Q 5^ |a O P4 re "! V O .rt i^ ►-^ 5 o Wo o ■2 2 5 CD O O en 33m k T-H T-< O (N 00 I I III T-H 1—1 lO 1— I O !M 30 'M i-( CO C > ^ cf « 2 -2 a i^ CO APPENDIX I. MYRICA CORDIFOLIA, LIN,— THE CAPE WAX- BERRY MYRTLE. About a century ago it was the opinion of Naturalists, and believed by most people, that wax was a mere vegetable substance, a primary constituent of plants, and especially found in the pollen or dustlike powder which fills the cells in the anthers of flowers. From these it was supposed, that the wax was extracted by the labouring bee, then transformed and modified by animal digestion, and ultimately used for the purpose of making the combs of the bee-hive. Recent researches however, and particularly the acute observations and sagacious experiments of Huber, have proved this theory to be erroneous, showing that bees' wax is really the peculiar secretion of the working bee. Yet wax is likewise a vegetable production, frequently seen, not only on the upper surface of the leaves of many plants, but also on the epidermis of various fruits, viz : the plum, grape, fig, &c., forming what is called the bloom, and serving apparently as a kind of varnish against moisture. There are, besides, plants which produce vegetable wax in great abundance, and amongst them the genus Myrica has long been know^n for its fecundity in yielding this substance. Wax obtained from the Myrica Cerifera (the candles' berry myrtle), an American shrub, which grows plentifully in the swamps and marshes of Carolina, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, was an article of commerce more than a century ago, and appears to have been exported in the form of cakes from these American colonies to England long before their struggle for independence commenced. At the Cape seven* species of Myrica have been discovered, named, and botanically described. All of them are ceriferous, but particularly the following three, of which a somewhat detailed diagnosis is here given : — I. MYRICA CORDIFOLIA. LIN". Shrubby. Height 2 to 6 feet above ground; stem erect, smooth, ash-grey, very branchy. Branches curved and ranged in whorls j the upper leafy-ones pubescent. Leaves crowded at * Myrica Cordifolia, Aethiopica, Serrata, Quercifolia, Brevifolia, Kraussiaua, and Burmanni. 4.^ top, small, sessile, smooth, rather stiff, nearly cordate, toothed, bluntly poii)ted, and covered on the under surface with impressed resinous dots. Flowers forming catkins m the axils of the branches and on the stem ; 7nale catkins spiked ; scales ovate, concave, fringed ; female catkins ovate, solitary. Fruit berry or drupe round, of the size of a 5 gr. pill, and covered with a white "vvaxy crust. 11. MYPJCA SERRATA. LAMK. Shrubby. 2 to 3 feet high. Branches striped, pubescent. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into leaf-stalks, downy, unequally jagged on the margins, green above, and covered beneath w^ith numerous yellow dots. Catkins axillary ; scales ovate, pointed. Drupe smaller as in the preceding species. III. MYRICA QUERCIFOLIA.* LIN". Shrubby. Stem 2 — 4 feet high, erect. Branches spreading in whorls, curved, downy. Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong, blunt, attenuated at base, smooth, slashed, about one inch long, bearing resinous dots on the lower surface. Lnflovescence as in the former species. Fruit rather small. Myrica Cordifolia and Myrica Serrata have been figured and imperfectly described by J. Burmann, t from drawings made by order of Governor S. van dkr Stell, but not the slightest mention is made of their utility, or peculiarity in yielding wax. The first and principle information -with regard to the usefulness of the waxberry myrtle in the Cape colony, is contained in a letter addressed to the Revd. Mr. A. Buurt, at Amsterdam, by the Revd. J. F. Bode, then minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in Cape Town, and of which the following is a faithful translation : — "Cabo, March 1, 1777. '•Reverend Sir,— By this opportunity I send you a small box con- taining three sea-plants, with which, I hope, y()U Avill be pleased, and a small branch covered with white berries. This is a slirub that grows on the sandy hills or downs, between the Cape and Slellenbosch, and whose fi uit, when boiled in water, furnishes a beautiful wax. " I have, I believe, transmit ted to you some years ago a specimen of this wax, which however, has turned out to be of greenish lint. " This shrub has been taken little notice of hitherto, or rather neglected, but in October and November last, some persons commenced * BIyrica Laciniata, Willd. is nothing but a variety of this species. t Rariorura Africanarum plautarum decades 10. i\mstcrd. 1739. 4to, pag. 262— 2G3. Tab. 98, fig. 1 and 3. 46 collecting the berries, preparing from them a kind of wax, which is useful for all purposes where wax is needed. A muid of the berries yiebis 15—20 lbs. of wax. In course of time this may become an article of commerce, for the plant grows in the dry sands, where nothing else will thrive, and of that description of soil we have over- abundance. Who can tell what more may be discovered. " Speaking of the fruits or berries, I must observe, that the sparrow hawk* is extremely fond of them, and that they should be gathered before the great heat of the summer sets in, in order to prevent their melting on the bush, as is already visible on some of them. There are several farmers here that have collected some hundreds of pounds. I do not exactly know the size of the shrub, but I presume it cannot be less than 5 or 6 feet in height. All this I hope to ascertain myself, &c. "J. F. BODE.t " The Kevd. A. Buurt, Amsterdam." The wax-bush referred to in this document is the Myrica Cordifolia, a shrub not only common in the locality named, but also in the sandy tracts which gird the shores of the Colony. It is as abundant at Cape L'Agulhas and in tlie downs of Algoa Bay, as in the vicinity of Cape Town, and will probably be found likewise on the Western Coast. Few plants are better calculated to keep down the loose shifting sand than this, and for that reason alone, it would be of infinite service, were it not for the additional benefit derived from the waxy coat of its drupes. When the intelligent wanderer drags his weary steps through the deep sands of these inhospitable wastes, he will meet with a bush, which at first sight appears to be low and insignificant. On closer inspection the delusion will vanish ; for what seemed at a distance a middle-sized slirub, is now discovered to be branches only of a subterraneous, creeping trunk of considerable length. % It should be remarked, that the male plant attains a larger size than the female. Wax obtained from plants of the Myrica tribe exudes from the surface of the fruits, chiefly towards the time of their maturity. It is exhaled in a licjuid state, but soon hardens when exposed to the atmosphere, and forms a white powder, which under the microscope displays the shape of minute scales. This vegetable-wax, and that prepared by bees, must be regarded as a concrete fixed oil. Both kinds are indifferent to the action • The bird alluded to in this letter, is Colius Capensis, the muisvogel of the colonists. t Neue kurzgefasste Beschreibung des Yorgebirges der guten Hoffuung. Leipz. 1779. 8 pag. 217 and 218. . X The wood of this shrub is very brittle ; hence its vernacular name of Glashout (Glasswood). 47 of acids, and contain a large proportion of Oxy CAPE TOWN : SAUL SOLOMON AND CO., STEAM PRINTING OFFICE, LONGMARKET-STREET. TO CHEISTIAN FLECK, ESQ., M.D., OF CAPE TOWN, THE ACCOMPLISHED PHYSICIAN, THE SECOND EDITION OF THIS LITTLE WORK IS INSCRIBED, AS A SLIGHT MARK OF THE RESPECT, ESTEEM, AND GRATITUDE OF HIS FRIEND, t THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The first edition of this little work appeared towards the close of 1850. It was intended as a commentary to a choice collection of Cape medical drugs, sent by Messrs. S H. Scheuble & Co. to the great London Exhibition of 1851, and for which they obtained a well- merited prize. In the meantime, my pamphlet met with a reception which surpassed my most sanguine expectations, and as it soon became scarce, on account of the very limited number of copies printed at the time, I was m'ged by different parties, to prepare and issue a second impression. Thus emboldened by repeated applications, I yield with pleasure to the call, the more so, as I have since been enabled to correct, improve, and make numerous additions. Having been left entirely to my own resources, I greatly regret the total w^ant of co-operation on the part of the country practitioners, who have daily and ample opportunities of making themselves acquainted with the various domestic remedies commonly used. The contents, therefore, of the present publication can be considered only as preliminary, or as mere contribu- tions to a more complete Cape Pharmacopoeia. There can, indeed, be no doubt amongst reasonable men that, judging from the vast extent of the South African Ter- ritory^ and from the richness of its almost inexhaustible Flora, many highly useful officinal drugs will still be discovered. However, the greater part of" our informa- tion on this point, we owe, not so much to scientific research, as to the experience of the colonial flirmcr, residing in the more remote parts of the interior, to occasional travellers, or to the wanderino- native. VI In reviewing the first edition, I have found it advisable to deviate to some extent from the orii^inal plan, by inserting in the list several plants, which, though not strictly indigenous, have yet become fully naturalized, and are much used in the Colony. There are, on the other hand, Cape plants of un- questionable worth, which I have not enumerated, because they are not actually employed by the inhabitants. The different kinds of Sehcea ( Gentian ese), for instance, possess a pleasant, bitter taste ; they could replace the Summi- tates Centaurei mhioris of the Pharmacopoeias, and even serve as a good substitute for Gentian. The large tuberous roots of many of our beautiful and common Orchidem, such as Satyrium erecturo, cucuUatum, candi- dum, carneum, Disa barbata, lacera, etc., contain a great quantity of a sweet mucilaginous, nutritious juice, and might easily be transformed into Salep. The dried and powdered leaves of our wild Olive trees (Olea verrucosa and laurifolia) have the reputation of a styptic, when applied to fresh bleeding wounds, and the herb of Chironia haccifera to be of good service in syphilis. A decoction of the gamboge-yellow, crusty epidermis of the bark of Elceodendron croceum (Saffron-wood), is said by some to counteract the deadly effects of the bites from venomous snakes, when taken internally, and the bark of Protea grandijiora, to act as an astringent in diarrhoea and other complaints. For the purpose of rendering this publication accessible to persons more familiar with the sexual than the natural system, I have added the Linnean classes and orders to which the plants belong, as well as a glossary of techni- cal terms, which, in works on Natural History, are in- dispensable. L. P. Cape Town, 10th October, 1856. AN ENUMERATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL PLANT8. KNOWLTONIA. Salisb. {Ranunculaceod, ) XIII. — 6. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 1. Knowltonia vesicatoria. Sims» Herbaceous. Leaves triternate, leathery, smooth ; segments oval or sub- cordate, sawed ; lateral ones obliquely truncate at base. Flowers umbellate ; umbel nearly unbranched, few-flowered ; flowers yellowish ; petals linear. Every part of this acrid plant is used as an Epispastic. The bruised herb, when applied to a painful part, raises a blister. It is therefore recommended in rheumatism, ischias, lumbago, and similar affections caused by sudden atmospheric changes. The root, when cut in slices, is a good substitute for Emplastrum Janini- The plant is found in almost every part of the Colony, and from its effects is well known by the name of Brandhlarsti. RANUNCULUS. Lin. (Ranunculaceos.) XIII. — 6. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 2. Ranunculus puhescens. Thbg. Root fibrous. Stem herbaceous, erect, downy ; all the leaves hairy ; the radical ones petiolate, ternate, their leaflets inciso- dentate. Leaves of the stem either trifid or subpin- natifid, toothed ; the uppermost sessile. Flowers stalked, single, terminal, yellow. Calyx reflexed ; carpels smooth, slightly mucronate, tuberculated. This herb grows in ditches and marshes, etc., and is peculiar to the Cape and Uitenhage districts. The ex- pressed juice, when fresh, is recommended in carcinoma- tous ulcers, and therefore has received the Dutch name of Kanherhldren. CISSAMPELOS. Lin. (^Menispermacece.) XXII. — 10. DIOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN, SYST. 3. Cissampelos capensis, Lin. Stem shrubby, twining. Leaves ovate, petiolate, blunt, entire, glabrous ; leaf- stalks, short, downy. Flower bunches branchy, hardly longer than the leaf-stalks. Floioers dioecious, axillary, minute, whitish, tomentose. This shrub is found in almost every mountainous part of the Colony. The roots are used as an emetic and purga- tive by the Boers, and go by the name of Davidjes, Its foliage is poisonous to cattle. POLYGALA. TouRN. i^PolygalecB.y XVII. — 5. DIADELPHIA OCTO-DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 4. Poly gala Serpentaria. EcM. and Z. Root thick, woody. Stem almost herbaceous, branchy, procum- bent. Leaves alternate, obovate, smooth, entire, glau- cous beneath, mucronate. Flowers on short pedicels^ axillary, subcristate. A shrub found in Kaffraria. Though small, yet the root is comparatively thick and long, and is considered by the natives as a sure antidote against the bites of venomous snakes, whence its colonial name of Kaffer Slangenwortel. It belongs to the same section of the genus as the Polygala ISenega, and may probably possess similar properties. MUNDTIA. KuNTH. ( Polygalecs.) XVII. — 5. DIADELFHIA OCTANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 5. Mundtia spinosa. D. C. Shrubby, erect, smooth, divaricating. Branches spiny at their apices. Leaves on short stalks, oblong, glabrous, veiny, blunt, mucronate. Floioers crested, sessile, axillary. Fruit a red, juicy berry. A decoction of the tops of the branches of this shrub, which is very common in the Downs, is used in atrophy, phthisis, &c., apparently with some effect, while the fruit, which is somewhat astringent in taste, is eaten by children and Hottentots, who call them Skildpatbesjes. MALVA. Lin. {Malvaceae,) XVI. — 9. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST, 6. Maloa rotundifolia. Lin, Stem prostrate ; leaves stalked, cordate, nearly obicular, serrato-crenate, five- lobed, smooth. Floicers small, axillary. Fruit-stalks downy, bent downwards. The whole of this plant is mucilaginous and emollient. Although a native of Europe, it has now become perfectly naturahzed, and grows everywhere near towns and villages. The colonists know it by the name of Keesjes-hldren (mallow leaves), and frequently use its leaves in the forms of decoction, fomentation, or poultice in sore throat, opthal- mia, or for the purpose of maturing abscesses. PAPPEA. EcK. AND Zeyh. {SapindacecB.) XXII — 7. DIOECIA OCTO-DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 7. Pappea capensis. E. and Z. A small tree. Leaves alternate, ovate, oblong, unequal at base, glab- rous, blunt, coriaceous, veiny, slightly rolled back at the margin. Floicers small, racemose, with separate sexes by abortion. Fruit tricapsular, drupaceous, fleshy, globose, downy. This tree is pretty common in Kaffirland, and in the districts of Uitenhage and Albany, where its fruit is known as wilde pruimen or f Kaamshesjes (wild plums). It has some resemblance to the plum, is savoury, and furnishes a vinous beverage and excellent vinegar. Its kernel contains an oil, which, though edible, is somewhat purgative, and is recommended as an external remedy in tinea capitis, alopecia, or similar diseases, and may serve as a substitute for Macassar oil. DODON^A. Lin. {SapindacecB.) XXII. — 8. DIOECIA OCTANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 8. DodoncBa Thunbergiana. E. and Z. Stem shrubby, with angular branches. Leaves at the top of the twigs, sessile, alternate, narrow, lanceolate, attenuate at both ends, acute, entire, smooth. Flower.^ terminal, erect, stalked, small, greenish. Fruit a winged three-celled capsule. A small tree or shrub, common about Piquetberg, Wor- cester and Clanwilliam, where it is called Zand Olyf. A decoction of the root is used as a slight purgative in fevers. MONSONIA. Lnx. Fil. ( GeraniacecB.^ XVI. 7. MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. STST. 9. Monsonia ovata Cav. Root annual, spindle- shaped. Stem herbaceous, simple, erect, shaggy. Leaves stalked, alternate, oblongo-ovate, subcordate at base, veiny, crenate, wavy, pubescent, Stipules and bractlets awl-shaped, rioid. Peduncles one- flowered, bracteate in the middle, villose. Flowers white, with purj)lish veins. The Keita of the Hottentots. The root and herb of this plant are very astringent, and used with great success in dysentery. It grows abundantly in the district of Uiten- hage. PELAKGONIUM. L'Her. ( GeraniacecB.^ XVI. — 4. MONADELPHIA HEPTANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 10. Pelargonium (Polyactium) triste. Ait, Root tuberous. Leaves alternate, tripinnatifid, hispid ; their segments bipinnatifid, and their pinnules wedge- shaped, incised. Umbel many-flowered. Flowers scented, yellow, with a dark purple spot at base. The scarlet-coloured root of this Pelargonium is some- what astringent. If dried and pulverised, it is useful in diarrhoea and certain forms of dysentery, where purgatives have been previously given. It has also been recommended as a vermifuge, and is commonly found on the sides of Table Mountain, 11. Pelargonium ( J enkmsonm) antidgsente?'icum» E. and Z, Stem tuberous, fleshy. Branches lateral, erect, furrowed, angular. Leaves smooth, alternate, stalked, subcordate, lobed. Lohes incised. Petioles curved, longer than the leaves. Stipules prickly, Flmoers purplish, and the nectariferous tube twice as long as the calyx. This plant, which is indigenous in Namaqualand, has tuberous roots, which often attain the size of a man's head, and are called fNamie by the aborigines, who boil them with milk, and make use of them in dysentery. 12. Pelargonium (Peristera) anceps. Ait. Herbace- ous, smooth. Stems decumbent, three-sided, two- edged. Leaves petiolate, roundish, cordate, lobed, toothed. Stipules oblong, two-parted. Peduncles axil- lary, elongated, umbellate. Umbels many-flowered. Flowers subcapitate, small, crimson. This species, which grows plentifully along the water- courses in the Cape and Swellendam districts, is a great favourite with the Malays, who call it roode Rahassarrif and pretend that a decoction of the herb cures suppression of the catamenia, and promotes parturition and abortion, 13. Pelargonium cucullatum. Ait, Stem shrubby, the whole plant viscid, hairy. Leaves alternate, kidney- shaped, hooded, waved, dentato-crenate. Petioles pa- tent, channelled, longer than the leaves. Flowers ter- minal, umbellate, purple. Umbels many-flowered. This fine species, which is very common along the side of Table Mountain, has been recommended in the form of decoction, or as an enema, in colic, nephritis, and sup- pression of urine, and is also an excellent emollient. It appears, that formerly this herb has been exported to Holland, under the name of Herba Althew. Cf. N. L. Burmanni Specimen Botanicum de Geraniis. Lugd. Bat. 1759, 4to pag. 35. 14. Pelargonium. (Dibrachya.) scutatum Stveet. Stem shrub-like. Branches angular, somewhat downy. Leaves fleshy, five-lobed, nearly peltate, glandularly notched. Umbels 7-8 flowered. Petals patent. The Kafir-sorrel (Kaffir zuring.) of the colonists The sap oi its leaves is astringent and antiseptic, and of good service in aphthae, sore-throat, etc. The juice of its petals produces a blue colour of the tint of indigo, and may, according to BurcheU, be advantageously used for painting. Very common in many parts of the Eastern districts. OXALIS. Lin. (^OxalidecB.) X. — 5. DECANDKIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 15. Oxalis cernua, Lin, Root bulbous. Leaves radi- cal, stalked, ternate. Leaflets obcordate, two-lobed, often blotched, smooth. Scape erect, umbelliferous. Flowers peduncled, the open ones erect, the closed ones drooping. A weed, common throughout a great portion of the colony, where it is known as the wild sorrel (wilde zuring). On account of their acidity, the leaves, mixed with other vegetables, are used for culinaiy purposes. They contain, indeed, a good deal of oxalic acid, and Thun- berg relates that, at his time, this salt in its crystallized form was easily obtained from the juice of this plant. The bulbs, moreover, eaten raw, are said to be a good vermifuge. MELIANTHUS. Lin. (^ZygophyllecE.) XIV. — 2. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST. 16. Melianthus major. Lin. Shrubby. Leaves alter- nate, smooth, unequally pinnate, glaucous beneath. Leaflets sharply-toothed. Stipules large, solitary, folia- ' ceous, adnate with the leaf-stalk. Flowers racemose, reddish brown. Peduncles twisted, downy. Every part of this plant has a nauseous smell, whence it has received the Dutch name of Truytje roer my niet (Gertrude, don't touch me). A decoction of the leaves is an excellent external remedy in tinea capitis, crusta serpiginosa,* necrosis, and foul ulcers. It is also useful as a gargle and lotion in sore throat and in diseases of the gums, and the bruised leaves, applied to ulcers, pro- * A shoemaker, about 25 years of age, had laboured for some time under a most obstmate attack of crusta serpiginosa. All the usual remedies having failed, his medical attendant at last advised him to try a decoction of this plant, to be applied in a tepid state. With this treatment, and occasional aperients and spare diet, he was perfectly cured within a month. mote granulation.* It is common in the Cape Flats, and other parts of the colony, and deserves a trial in cases of plica polonica. DIOSMA. Lin. (Diosmece.) y. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 17. Diosma (Barosma) crenata. D, C. A glabrous branchy shrub. Branches round, purplish, the upper and smaller ones angular. Leaves stalked, smooth, oblongo-ovate, blunt, dotted beneath, and notched with transparent, resinous glands on their margin. Flowers peduncled, solitary, axillary ; petals white, oblong, subsessile. The Bucchu leaves have, as is well known, become an article of export lately. Their principal medical effects are owing to their possessing a considerable quantity of an aromatic volatile oil, and to a particular very tenacious principle, called Diosmin, as also to a semi-resinous sub- stance. They have a peculiar smell, and a slightly astrin- gent, bitter, taste. When used in the form of infusion, they promote perspiration. Hence their utility in chronic rheumatism, gout, and other diseases, caused by the sudden suppression of cutaneous action. They have been pre- scribed also in cholera morbus, and are very beneficial in diseases of the bladder, especially in chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of that organ (catarrh of the * I am indebted to my triend, Dr. A. Brown, for the following prac- tical remarks on the medical properties of this plant:—" For many years past, I have found the Melianthus major very serviceable in necrosis and foul ulcers, and its effect in promoting granulation is very remarkable. After cleaning the sores with the decoction, some of the boiled leaves are applied to the parts, and found to answer well. I have not only used it with decided benefit, but in many cases where the materia medica has failed me, or the degree of healing was not satisfactory, it has almost invariably succeeded. In carcinoma I have seen it applied with effect in cleaning the ulcers, and rendering their otherwise highly disagreeable odour less offensive. In indolent leprous sores it can also vie with the other applications that we use in that intractable disease. I have tried it in tinea capitis with great effect, but in other affections of the skin it has as yet failed to satisfy me decidedly whether it did good or not. In cases where tinctura myrrhae is recommended, I have found it a better remedy. In fact, I may say that in my practice it is almost daily used." bladder) ; also in hsematuria, calculus, and in suppuration of the vesica, urethra, and prostrate gland. By increasing the secretion of urine, they impart to it their peculiar smell. They have also been given in dropsy ;— in fine, in all those cachectic and hydropical complaints, arising from suppression of the perspiration or urine. As a sti- mulant to the stomach, some practitioners have used the bucchu leaves in indigestion ; a sensation of warmth has accordingly been produced in that organ, and the appetite increased. A bath of the bucchu leaves is of service in rheumatism, and the Bucchu vinegar, as also the Bucchu brandy, are excellent embrocations in rheumatic pains, luxations, sugil- lations, sprains, and contusions. In trade, this valuable drug is often adulterated by the substitution of less powerful sorts of the same family of plants, which, although of a similar smell, are by no means equal to it in their therapeutical effects. One of these plants is the Diosma (Barosma) serratifoUa. Lodd,, a species common in the district of Swellendam, and another, the Empleurum serrulatum. Sol, easily distin- guished by its linear-lanceolate, serrated leaves. The true Diosma crenata is a native of the mountains of Hottentot's Holland, Stellenbosch, Drakenstein, Tul- bagh, and Worcester. FAGAKASTRUM. Don. i^XanthoxylecB.) VIII. 1. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 18. Fagarastrum capense. Don. A shrub, about 6 feet high. Branches compressed, flexuous, wrinkled, prickly. Prickles flat, sharp-pointed. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate ; pinnce ovate, blunt, erect, sessile, smooth, slightly crenate. Flowers small, paniculated. Capsule dotted ; seeds black, shining. Found in the bush near Mossel Bay, and in the forests of the district of George, as also in those of Uitenhage and Albany. The fruit is known to the colonists as the wild Cardamom, and, on account of its aromatic qualities, pre- scribed for flatulency and paralysis. METHYSCOPHYLLUM. Eckl. and Zeyh. ( AmyridacecB. ) V. 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 19. Methyscophyllum glaucum. E. and Z. A resin- ous shrub. Branches erect, alternate. Leaves oppo- site, lanceolate, pointed at both ends, veiny, glabrous, glaucous, repando-dentate, bent back at the margin. Flowers paniculated. Panicles axillary, opposite, forked, few-flowered. An infusion of the leaves of this shrub is pleasant to the taste, and used in cough^ asthma, and other diseases of the chest. It grows about the Zwarte Kei River, where it is a favourite beverage with the Bushmen and others, who also chew it, and call it Boschjesmansthee. CYCLOPIA. Vent. i^LeguminoscB.) X. 1. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 20. Cyclopia genistoides. Vent. A glabrous shrub. Stem and branches erect, twiggy. Leaves alternate, sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets linear, bluntly mucronate, revolute at the margin. Flowers axillary, bracteate, stalked, yellow. Peduncles one-flowered Bracts two, oblongo-ovate, pointed. This plant is common in moist places on the Cape Flats, near Wynberg, Houtbay, and elsewhere. In the form of decoction or infusion, it is often made use of for the purpose of promoting expectoration in chronic catarrh, and even in consumption. It has a sweet, astringent taste, and is gene- rally considered as a restorative. Its vernacular name is Honigthee. BORBONIA. LiN. {Leguminos(£^ XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 21. Borhonia parviflora. Lamk. A small, glabrous shrub. Branches compressed, angular, winged. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, cordate, many-nerved, mucro- nate, ciliato-dentate. Calyx and corolla nearly smooth. Floivers yellow. Common on the Lion's Head and on Table Mountain, B 10 and used, under the significant name of Stekelthee, appa- rently with good effect in asthma and hydrothorax. It is commonly given as a diuretic, in the form of decoction. VASCOA. D. C. {Leguminosce.) XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 22. Vascoa amphxicaulis. D. C, A glabrous under- shrub. Stern erect, branchy. Leaves simple, amplexi- caul, suborbicular, cordate at base, reticulated, quite entire, blunt ; those of the stem alternate ; the floral ones opposite, coloured. Flowers in the upper axils, glabrous, solitary, without bracts, shortly pedicellate, yellow. The roots of this pretty bush taste like liquorice, whence its name of Zoeihout-boschje. They are used in the form of decoction, as a demulcent in catarrh and phthisis, and are a good substitute for the liquorice itself This useful plant inhabits the mountains of Worcester and Tulbagh. 23. Vascoa perfoliata. D, C A small shrub. Stem glabrous, erect. Leaves amplexicaul, cordate, sub- orbicular, entire, bluntly mucronate, rigid, netted. Flowers yellow. A strong decoction of the leaves of this species acts as a powerful diuretic, and is of great service in the various forms of dropsy. It grows on the mountains of Hottentot's Holland. MELILOTUS. TouRN. (^Leguminosce,^ XVII. — 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 24. Melilotus parviflorus. Desf. Stem erect, branchy. Leaves trifoliate, upper ones oblong, toothed ; lower ones obovate, entire. Flowers laxely racemose, small, yellow ; stipules linear ; legumes ovate, wrinkled, one- seeded. This herb {Melilot^ Steenklaver), a native also of the north of Africa, diffuses the same sweet, fragrant scent which we observe in the Melilotus officinalis of Europe. In its medical effects it is discutient and emolHent, and used externally in the form of fomentation, poultice, and plaster, in indurations, glandular tumours, etc. Its powder is one 11 of the ingredients in the manufacture of snuff. Abundant in sandy soil in many parts of the colony, where it flowers from September to November. SUTHERLANDIA. R. Bii. {Le^uminoscB.) XVII. 6. DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 25. Sutherlandia frutescens. R. Br. Shrubby. Stej7i erect, twiggy. Leaves stalked, alternate, impari-pin- nate, many-yoked ; pinnules on short petioles, oblong, obtuse, emarginate, silky. Floicers racemose, pedun- cled, axillary, scarlet. Lecjume ovate, scarious, inflated. A fine showy shrub, which, on account of its beautiful scarlet flowers, is a horticultural ornament, and cultivated as such in our gardens. It grows wild in hilly parts all over the colony. According to Thunberg (Travels, vol. I., pag. 160), the roots and leaves of this plant, when dried and pulverised, are of use in diseases of the eye. ACACIA. Neck. (^Leguminosce.) XVI. — 9. MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 26. Acacia horrida. Willd. A large tree. Stem and branches glabrous, but armed with large white spinous stipules. Leaves bipinnate ; pinnm 2-3 yoked ; pinnules many-yoked, oblong, blunt. Leafstalks glan- dulous at base and on the apex. Flowers stalked, axillary, globose, polygamous, yellow, scented. The demulcent derived from the Doornboom is well known as an article of commerce. It exudes spontane- ously from the bark of the trunk and branches, and hardens in the sun, without losing its transparency. Although the Cape gum is inferior in appearance, and in intrinsic value, to that of Northern Africa, it may yet be improved by care and attention. The bark of this useful tree is highly astringent, hence its effect, in the form of decoction, in inveterate fluor albus, in diarrhoea, dysentery, and as a substitute for the Peruvian bark in fevers. The Acacia giraffcB. Willd. (Kameeldoorn), growing beyond the limfts of the Cape Colony, is said to yield a superior gum, and is eaten by the natives. 12 RUBUS. Lin. {^Rosace(B,^ XII. — 3. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 27. Rubus pinnatus. Willd. Shrubby. Branches, stalks, and nerves of the leaves clothed with short down, and armed with hooked prickles. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate, acuminate, double-sawed, veiny, smooth. Stipules narrow, taper-pointed. Calyx tomentose, its segments longer than the petals. Flowers racemose. Fruit black. The roots are astringent, and used as decoction for chronic diarrhoea, etc. The fruit of this species of Bramble or Blackberry-hush (Braambosch) is equal in flavour and taste to that of Europe. Abundant in mountain ravines in the Cape and Stellenbosch districts. Flowers, October, November. Fruit, January. CLIFFORTIA. Lin. (^SanguisorbecB.) XIII. 2. POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 28. Cliff ortia ilicifolia. Lin. Shrubby. Stem brown, scaly, branched. Leaves cordato-ovate, elliptical, 3-5 toothed, spiny, many-nerved, amplexicaul, rigid, im- bricated, smooth. Flowers dioecious, small, axillary, subsessile. A plant pretty common in the district of Uitenhage, where the Boers recommend it as an emollient and expec- torant in coughs. This species, whose leaves are sharp- pointed and spiny, is called Doornthee. PUNIC A. TouRN. {^GranatecB.^ XII. — 1. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 29. Punica granatum. Lin. A shrubby tree. Branches often thorny. Leaves opposite, entire, lance-shaped, pointed at each end, smooth. Floicers at the top of the branches ; petals scarlet, wrinkled. Fruit round, with a coriaceous rind ; pulp acidulous ; seeds oblong, angular. • The rind of the Pomegranate (Granaat-appel) and its roots are astringent, and contain tannin and gallic-acid. They are used in diarrhoea, accompanying general debility, 18 ill the form of decoction, while infusions are known to be of service as injections in obstinate leucorrhani. From the pulp surrounding the seeds, a refrigerating syrup is prepared. The efficacy of the fresh bark of the root was known to the Ancients, who praised it as a sure remedy for the expulsion of the tape-worm. This effect has been tested in our days with decided success The best way of using the remedy is in the form of a decoction of two ounces of the bark in two pints of water, boiled down to one pint. A wine-glassful taken every hour early in the morning is the dose generally administered. Though a native of the north of Africa, the Pomegranate tree is extensively cultivated within the colony, especially for the purpose of forming hedges. EPILOBIUM. Lin. (^Onagrarice.) VIII. — I. OCTANDRIA MOXOaYNlA. LIN. SYST. 30. Epilohmm villosum. Thbg. Stem herbaceous, erect, round, branched, shaggy. Leaves sessile, alter- nate, lanceolate, sawed, acute, hairy. Floicers ter- minal, axillary, purple. • As a house-medicine, this herb, inhabiting the moun- tains of several districts, is renowned for its usefulness in cleansing foul ulcers. PILOGYNE. ScHRAD. ( Cuciirbitacece.) XXII. 3. DIOECIA TRIANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 31. Pilogyne EcMonii. Schrad, Dioecious. Root tuberous ; stem climbing. Branches striped, nearly quadrangular. Leaves stalked, triangular, cordate, 3-lobed, sharp-pointed, toothed, green and rough above ; white, downy beneath. Flowers stalked, axillary ; male ones small, white, racemose ; female ones solitary. The porous resinous root of this old Hottentot remedy is nauseous in taste. In the form of decoction, it acts simultaneously as an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. The natives call it Bavidjes-wortel, and use it in cutaneous affections, dropsy, and syphilis. The tincture, or infusion of the root in wine or brandy, is, according to Thunherr/ 14 (Travels, I., pag\ 128), a powerful emetic and purgative. This plant, the Bryonia Africana of former botanists, grows upon the slopes of Table Mountain, amongst bushes ; also in the Eastern districts, near Port Elizabeth, etc., and flowers in the month of October. CITRULLUS. ScHR. ( Cucurhitacece.^ XVI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST. 32. Citrullus amarus. Schrad. Stem angular, fur- rowed, hispid, decumbent. Leaves alternate, stalked ; the upper ones 3-parted ; middle segment sinuated, pinnatifid ; lateral ones 2 fid ; lobes blunt, scabrid, pimpled ; radical leaves 5 -parted. Tendrils axillary. Flowers dioecious. Fruit glabrous, elliptico-globose. This annual plant resembles a water-melon in foliage. Its fruit, a round pepo of the size of a child's head, is filled with a spongy pulp. By the farmer, this fruit, which is bitter and loathsome, is called Bitter-appel or Wild Water-melon,* and is common in the sands of the Cape Downs, near Tygerberg and Rietvalley, and in similar localities. The pulp of the pepo, like that of Colocynth, is a very strong, drastic purgative, and serves the same purpose, and is used as a cathartic in dropsy and other complaints. An extract can easily be prepared from it, equal in its effects to the extract of Colocynth. PHAPvNACEUM. Lin. (ParonychiacecB, ) V. 3. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 33. Pharnaceum lineare. Thbg. Suffruticose. Root fibrous, stemless. Branches radical, diiFused, smooth^ repeatedly forked. Leaves sessile, whorled, linear, unequal, entire, patent, blunt. Stipules scarious, torn. * Thunberg (Trav. II., p. 171) relates, that at the Cape the Colocynth- fruit IS eaten, when pickled, both by the natives and colonists, although it IS verv bitter.— This is a mistake : the fruit alluded to by that author, is tliat ot Citrullus caffer. Schrad., called by the colonists, Kaffir -water meloen. 15 Peduncles axillary, Elongated, terminal. Floicers pani- culated or umbellate, white and purplish. This little plant, which thrives best in a sandy soil, and abounds in the Cape Flats and Downs, is employed in pulmonary affections. It is generally used in the form of infusion, which is of a rather pleasant, aromatic, bitter taste, and is also somewhat mucilaginous and slightly diuretic. By the name of Droedas kruiden, it is known to many colonists, who make use of it in coughs, and espe- cially in those that threaten consumption. CRASSULA. Lin. ( CrassulacecB.) V. — 5, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 34. Crassula tetragona. Lin. Stern suffrutlcose, succulent, round, branchy, procumbent, smooth. Branches alternate, erect. Leaves connate, decus- sate, three-sided, incurved, acute, entire. Flowers terminal, corymbose, small, white. A succulent plant, rather astringent, and a native of the district of Uitenhage. If boiled in milk, the leaves of this species are used as a tonic in diarrhoea. The Crassula por- tulacacea Lam.y which is called i'Karkey by the Hotten- tots, is said to be used in similar cases. TETRAPHYLE. Eck. and Zeyh. i^CrassulacecE.) V. — 5. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 35. Tetraphyle furcata, E. and Z. Root fleshy, scaly, spreading. Stem erect. Branches quadrangular, fastigiate. I^eaves standing in fours, small, ovato- lanceolate, imbricated, smooth. Flowers 5-10, ter- minal. This plant becomes very brittle when dried. It is bitter and astringent, and used in the form of decoction for diarrhoea and dysentery. During one of the late Kafir wars, when the latter disease prevailed amongst the troops, this remedy appears to have been tried with marked success. . COTYLEDON. Lin. (^CrassulacecB.) X. — 5. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 36. Cotyledon orbiculata. Lin. Stem fleshy, leafless, elongated, branchy. Leaves of)posite, flat, obovate, 16 spatulate, blunt, acuminate, (ofteif^ farinaceously glau- cous, with a red border. Flowers paniculate, nodding. This succulent shrub is common in mountainous parts. The leaves are thick, and from their shape called Varkens- ooren (pig's ears). The fresh juice is of service in epilepsy, and has been prescribed by me in the case of a young man, subject to this frightful disease. Not only were the symptoms evidently diminished, but subsequent attacks were less violent. The leaves form an excellent application to hard corns. On removal of the epidermis of the upper side of the leaf, it is left on the part for 8 or 10 hours, when it will be found that the juicy portion of the leaf is gone, and the corn feels soft, and may be removed with ease. It should be remarked here, that Crassula arborescens. Willd., has the same pro- perties. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM. Lin. {FicoidecB.) XII. — 2. ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 37. Mesembryanthemum edule. Lin. SufFruticose ; succulent. Stem erect. Branches two-edged, pros- trate, spreading. Leaves opposite, connate, scimitar- shaped, three-edged, fleshy, serrulate at their edge, perfectly smooth. Flowers solitary, terminal, large, yellow or purple. Fruit eatable. Few South- African plants are so much in domestic use than this species and Mesemhryanthemum acinaciforme. Lin., both of which are common in the sandy tracts of the colony. They are astringent and sourish in taste, on account of the acidulated alkaline salt with which they seem to be im- pregnated. The expressed juice of the succulent leaves, taken internally, checks dysentery, and acts as a mild diuretic ; while it is also for its antiseptic property, used as an excellent gargle in malignant sore throat, violent sali- vation and aphthae, or in the form of a lotion in burns and scalds. At the Cape these plants are called Hottentots vygen (Hottentot-figs). 38. Mesemhryanthemum crystallinum. Lin. Root annual. Stem herbaceous, angular, procumbent, fleshy, covered all over with large pustules. Leaves broad, amplexicaul, waved at the margin, ovate, entire. Flowers axillary, nearly sessile, small white. The Iceplant contains a good deal of malic acid and lime. The expressed juice of the herb, when fresh and 17 rendered limpid, has been recommended as a specific in incontinence of urine, proceeding from spasm (Enuresis spastica), and is given in doses of a tablespoonful at in- tervals. The Iceplant is common in the neighbourhood of Cape Town, especially in the sandy flat near Riet- valley, where it flowers in the midst of summer. 39. Mesembryanthemum tortuosum. Lin. Stem short. Branches procumbent, elongated, divaricating, twisted. Leaves connate, pointed, entire, oblongo-ovate, con- cave, somewhat pustular, keeled, crowded. Lobes of the calyx unequal. This species, a native of the Karroo, appears to possess narcotic properties. The Hottentots, who know it by the name of Kauw-goed, are in the habit of chewing it, and become intoxicated, while the farmers use it in the form of decoction or tincture, as a good sedative. HYDROCOTYLE. Lin. (^UmbellifercB.) V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 40. Hydrocotyle Centella. Cham. SufFruticose. Stems filiform, decumbent, geniculate, flexuose. Leaves stalked, oblongo-lanceolate, 3-nerved, subfalcate, pu- bescent, acuminate, entire. Flowers 3-5 polygamous, umbellate, whorled, axillary. Involucral bracts 4-5, ovato-lanceolate, acute. Petals glabrous. The roots and stalks of this plant are astringent, and a decoction of them is used with efiect by many colonists in violent diarrhoea. They are also said to be of great service in cases of dysentery, after the necessary evacuations have been previously procured, and where the disease has as- sumed a chronic form. Among the farmers, the plant is known under the name of Persgras ; it inhabits the Cape and Stellenbosch districts, and grows abundantly about Vlaggeberg. 41. Hydrocotyle asiatica. Lin. Stems slender, pros- trate, creeping. Leaves stalked, reniform, crenato- dentate, ribbed, smooth. Flowers small, axillary. Umbels simple, few-flowered. Leaf and Jiotoer-^isXks slightly tomentose. Found in moist, shady localities, at watercourses, and in the beds of empty rivers, throughout a great portion of c 18 the colony. This small plant has of late been recom- mended in India as a remedy for leprosy, and the Madras United Service Gazette states, that the local Government had authorised its use at the Leper Hospital. The use of this plant was discovered by Mr. Jules Lepine, of Pondi- cherry, and instantly communicated to the Madras autho- rities and the public. He was guided to his discovery by Dr. Boileau of the Mauritius, who himself suffering from this feaiful disease, had devoted himself to experiments with it. Of 40 adult patients, to whom it had been administered, all were in a fair way for recovery in 1853. How far the real efficacy of this new remedy can be proved by experience, remains to be seen. SIUM. Lin. (UmhellifercB,^ V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DYGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 42. Slum Thunhergii. D. C. Herbaceous. Root fibrous, stoloniferous. Stem erect. Brandies angular. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, pointed, regularly sawed. Umbels stalked, lateral or terminal ; segments of the involucre (3-5) linear, entire. Flowers white. In marshy spots near Zeekoe-valley, in the bed of the Zwartkops-river, and in similar localities. Flowei's Feb- ruary and March. The root of this umbelliferous plant, called Tandpyn- wortel (Toothache-root) by the colonists, is renowned for its allaying toothache when held in the mouth or chewed. BUBON. Lin. ( Umbelliferce.) V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 43. Bubon Galbanum. Lin. A smooth, resinous shrub. Stem erect, round, geniculated, branchy. Leaves alternate, pinnate, triternate, rigid, glaucous ; segments rhomboidal, toothed, or pinnatifid; terminal ones 3-lobed. Petioles sheating. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucres many-leaved. Leaflets linear. Flowers yellowish-green. This umbelHferous plant, which attains a height of from six to eight feet, and is found all over the colony in moist places, or in the ravines of mountains, is reputed amongst the inhabitants as an excellent diuretic, under the name 19 of Wild Celery. A decoction of its leaves proves salutary in cases of dropsy, and has been even administered suc- cessfully in gravel. At times some resinous matter exudes from the stem, which however, in its appearance, smell, and in every respect, greatly differs from the Gunimi (jaU hanuw; the well-known drug of oar dispensaries. Linnaeus, in giving the name to this species, seems to have been led astray by mistake, the real drug being derived from a different plant, a native of the north of Africa, and prob- ably from a kind of Ferula. ARCTOPUS. Lin. ( UmbellifercB.) V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 44. Arctopus echinatus. Lin. Root spindle-shaped, resinous, stemless. Radical leaves, pressed to the ground, stellate, hispid; their expanded lobes nearly round, incisid, 3 fid ; single lobes dentate, ciliated, spiny. FloiL^ers dioecious, umbellate ; male umbel stalked, female sessile. Petals white. This plant, the Platdoorn or Ziekte-troost of the Boers, is one of those few indigenous remedies, which, from the very establishment of the colony, have been constantly used by its inhabitants. At that early period, the European settlers, being often without their necessary stock of medi- cines, had to learn from their Hottentot neighbours, who held this plant in great esteem. It is demulcent and diuretic, and somewhat approaches the Sarsapai^illa. The decoction of the root is the general form under which it is prescribed in lues, lepra, or cutaneous chronic eruptions of all kinds. It also furnishes a sort of resin, which is easily procurable by making incisions into the root while it is fresh. It has been shown from chemical experiments, that the root of this plant contains an alcaloid, which, com- bined with acids, assumes the form of neutral salts. Thus the Arctojmim sulj^huricum consists of small scaly white crystals, which are astringent in taste, and which in half grain doses, produce coagulation of the saliva within the mouth. VISCUM. Lin. (^LoranthacecB. ) XXII. — 4. DIOECIA TETRANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 45. Viscum capense. Lin. f. A parasitical leafless shrub. Stem blunt, square, erect, articulated, smooth. 20 Branches decussate. Flowers dioecious, whorled, sessile. Fruit a globose white berry. A parasitical shrub (called Vogeleend), growing on the stems of several species of RJms and Euclea, in most parts of the colony. In its appearance and properties it is nearly allied to the European Misthtoe. Its stems are mucila- ginous, and a little astringent. These are employed as an antispasmodic in cases of epilepsy in children and young females, where the bowels are loose, and where the disease is just commencing. It has also been recommended in St. Vitus' dance, asthma, and similar complaints, and is pre- scribed in the form of powder or decoction. VALERIANA. Lin. ( ValerianecB.) III. — 1. TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 46. Valeriana capensis. Thbg. Root tuberous. Stem herbaceous, erect, smooth. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 3-yoked, pinnatifid ; lobes alternate, ovato-dentate, pointed ; the uppermost largest. Petioles amplexicaul. Flowers corymbose, red. Bracts 2 opposite, setaceous. This species is very closely allied to the European Vale- riana officinalis. Although it may not be quite so power- ful in its effects, yet it resembles the same, not only in its appearance, but also in its medical virtues. Its roots are a favourite remedy in morbid susceptibility of the nervous system, and in the form of infusion are successfully given in typhoid fevers, epilepsy, hysteria, and similar maladies. They are at the same time sudoriferous, and have a salutary effect on intestinal worms. This plant grows in moist places in many parts of the colony, and is particularly common in the George district. MATEICARIA. Lin. (^CompositcB,) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 47. Matricaria glabrata. D, C, Root annual, fibrous. Stem herbaceous, erect, branchy, angular. Leaves alternate, * pinnatifid ; lobes linear, entire, pointed ; the upper ones toothed. Flower-heads ter- minal, solitary. Scales of the involucre blunt, with 21 a broad scarious border. Ray white, reflexed. Recep- tacle ovate, conical. The Wild Chamomile, which, in the months of November and December, so plentifully covers the Cape Downs, is one of those plants which deserve the peculiar attention of our apothecaries. It is a true Matricaria, and in many respects not only equals, but even surpasses, the European species. Large sums of money are yearly expended in importing this useful and popular drug, while we can gather a plant of the same order, the "same genus, and the same properties at our doors. In the more remote parts of the country, where dispensaries are not so abun- dantly found as in the vicinity of our metropolis, the farmers and the coloured people employ the Wild Chamo- mile as often, and with the same good effect, as we do the 31atricaria Chavwmi/la, or the Anthemis nohilis. In short, this herb, which contains a superfluity of volatile oil, is an excellent antispasmodic, and most useful in colic and other spasmodic complaints, while, on account of its aromatic bitter taste, it is recommended as a stomachic in dyspepsia and in derangements of the digestive organs generally. Its local application as a resolvent is suffi- ciently known. GAEULEUM. Cass. ( CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. Sl'ST. 48. Garuleum bipinnatum. Less. SuflPruticose. Roots long, woody. Ster?i erect, striated, branchy. Leaves alternate, bipinnatifid ; pinnai nearly opposite, linear- lanceolate, acute. Flower-heads terminal, solitary ; ray blue, disk yellow. Amongst the medical indigenous plants of the Cape, the present deserves particular notice. It is well known to almost every resident as the Siuake-root, having acquired its vernacular name from its effects as an antidote against the bites of venomous snakes,* with which the counti'y abounds. The root of this plant, which is a native of the Eastern districts, where it grows in the deserts of the Karroo, has a great similarity to the Radix Senegce of the * The most formidable of these reptiles are the Naja Ilajc Merrem. (Cobra Capella) and the Vipera Brachyiira. Cuv. (Poffadder). 22 Pharmacopoea. It is bitter and acrid, and contains a good deal of a resinous substance, almost homogeneous to that which we observe in" the root of the Polygala Senega. In the form of decoction or tincture, this root is a great favourite with the colonial farmer, in various diseases of the chest, asthma, and such affections where a free secre- tion of the mucous membrane of the lungs and bronchiae is desirable. It also promotes perspiration, and acts as a diuretic in gout and dropsy. This valuable root ought to have a place in the Materia medica. TAKCHONANTHUS. Lin. (^CompositcB,) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 49. Tarchonanthus camphoratus. Lin. A shrub 4-5 feet high. Stem erect, striated ; branches angular, shaggy. Leaves stalked, oblong, entire, rugose, blunt, coriaceous, smooth above and tomentose beneath. Flowers paniculate, terminal, many-headed ; flower- stalks short, downy. The whole of this shrub has a camphorated odour. Its leaves, when dried, are smoked by the Hottentots and Bushmen instead of tobacco, and, hke the Dagga, exhibit slight narcotic symptoms. In the form of infusion, they promote perspiration, and are said to be useful in spasmodic asthma. COTULA. Lin. ( Compositce.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 50. Cotula multiflda. D, C. Herbaceous, ascending, smooth, branchy. Leaves semi-amplexicaul at base, pin- natifid ; lobes trifid, acute. Flower-heads discoid, ter- minal, yellow Scales of the involucre blunt, with a membranaceous margin. This plant grows in the district of Uitenhage, and is used by the Hottentots (who call it fKamso) in rheuma- tism, scalds, and in cutaneous aftections. ARTEMISIA. Lin. (^CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 51. Artemisia afra. Jacq. SufFrutescent. Stem erect, branchy. Branches angular, furrowed, her- 23 baceous, leafy. Leaves interruptedly bipiiinatlfid, stalked, smooth above and tomentose beneath; lobes linear-lanceolate, falcate. Petioles bearing stipules at base. Flower-heads peduncled, racemoso-paniculate, one-sided, hemisphaerical, drooping. Scales of the involucre ovate, lanceolate, scarious. Recepticle naked. The whole of the Wormwood (Alsem.) has a strong, balmy smell, and a bitter, aromatic, but nauseous taste, owing to a green essential oil which it contains. The herb is tonic, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic, and very useful in debihty of the stomach, visceral obstructions, jaundice, hypochondriasis, or similar evils, while its effi- cacy as a vermifuge is generally admitted. The best forms for using it are the infusion, the decoction, and tincture, the latter being preferred by the colonists. A strong infu- sion is used externally as a collyrium in weakness of the eyes, and the pounded leaves and stalks are employed as a discutient in oedema and sugillations. TANACETUM. Lin. i^CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 52. Tanacetum multiflorum. Thbg. Root woody. Stem herbaceous, angular, erect. Branches fastigiate, pubescent. Leaves alternate, rough, pinnatifid ; pinnae linear, inciso-dentate. Capitula terminal, corymbose, many-flowered, small, yellow. This species, hke all other plants of the same genus, contains a great deal of resin, and a specific, ethereal oil, of a very strong and peculiar odour. It has a bitter, aromatic, acrid taste, and is used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic, in flatulency, gout, amenorrhoea, and dropsy ; but particularly for expelling lumbrici and other intestinal worms. It is administered in the form of powder or infusion, which latter promotes perspiration and acts as a mild diuretic. Applied as a fomentation, it is resolvent and anodyne, and is used also for making injec- tions. This plant, called Worm-kruid, grows very abun- dantly in sandy soil, close to the sea-shore. ERIOCEPHALUS. Lin. ( CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 53. Eriocephalus umbellulatus. D, C. Shrubby. 24 Branches erect, one-sided, divaricating, snioath. Leaves fasciculate, linear, axillary, entire, silky. Flower-heads subterminal, stalked, corymbose. Pedi- cels somewhat longer than the capitula. Ray-floioers white. This shrub {Wild Rosemary) inhabits the mountainous parts of the colony, and has received its colonial name on account of its smell, which somewhat resembles that of the Rosemary. According to Thunberg, it is diuretic, and used by the farmers and Hottentots in various forms of dropsy. HELICHRYSUM. D. C. ( Composites. ) XIX — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 54. Heliclirysum nudifolium. Less. Root perannual, fibrous. Stem single, tomentose. Radical leaves stalked, amplexicaul, unequal at base, ovato-lanceolate, reticulated, 5-nerved, smooth, but scabrous at the margin and on the upper surface. Cauline leaves narrow, lanceolate, sharp-pointed. Capitula terminal, corymbose, yellow. Scales of the involucre blunt. A plant pretty common in the colony, and to be met with even in the vicinity of Cape Town, on Devil's Moun- tain. The whole of this plant, here called Caffer-tea, is demulcent, and, in the form of infusion, recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and other pulmonary affections. 55. Helichrysum serpyllifolium. Less. Stem suffru- tescent. Branches filiform, spreading, tomentose. Leaves alternate, sessile, obovate, entire, blunt, some- what curled, glabrous above and tomentose beneath. Capitula corymbose, conglomerated, many-flowered, white. This species also appears to possess demulcent and emollient properties, and to be of service in the various diseases of the chest. It goes by the name of Hottentot's tea, and grows near the watercourses on the Cape moun- tains, has a pleasant smell, and is much liked by the coloured people, who infuse it as tea. Sometimes the Helichrysum auriculatum. Less., is used for the same pur- pose, and under similar circumstances. , 56. Helichrysum imhricatum. Less. Root fibrous. Stem suffrutescent, erect. Leaves semi-amplexical. 25 ovato-oblong, apiculate and clothed, as well as the spreading branches, with white short down. Capitula terminal, corymbose, many-flowered, stalked ; scales of the involucre membranaceous, imbricated, obtuse ; the outer ones of a brownish hue, the inner ones snow-white at top. Like the two former species, this likewise is recommended as a demulcent in coughs and other pulmonary affections. It is used in the form of tea, and called Duinen-thee (tea from the Downs). Common in the Cape Downs. LEONTONYX. Cass. (^ Composite,) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 57. Leontoiiyx augustifolius. D. C. Covered all over with a snow-white woolly down. Stems suffru- ticose at base, branching, leafy, erect. Leaves sessile, linear-oblong, blunt. Capitula solitary. Scales of the involucre purple, linear, straight, pointed. D. C. The whole of this little plant, called Beethosjes by the Boers, has an aromatic smell, and when pounded and mixed with lard or fat, is applied to ulcers. Frequent in sandy soil, chiefly near St. Helena Bay and vicinity. ELYTROPAPPUS. Cass. ( CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 58. Elytropappus Rhinocerotis. Less. Shrubby. Stem erect, tomentose. Branches many, drooping. Leaves very small, imbricated, appressed, erect, sessile, filiform, smooth. Capitula racemose, 3-flowered. A bush, called Bhinostef'boschjes, which covers immense tracts of waste land in the Western districts. The whole of this shrub is bitter and resinous The tops of the branches, when infused in wine or brandy, furnish a superior kind of stomachic bitters, which have a green colour, and are frequently used as a tonic in dyspepsia and other complaints, arising from impaired digestion. The tops are also given in powder to children affected with diarrhoea. 26 59. Elytropappus glaiidulosus. Less. Stem shrubby, downy, erect, branched. Branches aggregate, patent, very leafy. Leaves linear, acuminate, spirally twisted, bearing stalked glands on the lower surface. Capitida terminal, clustered, 2-4 flowered. This small shrub is the Slangenbosch (Snake-shrub) spoken of by Thunberg (Trav. I., p. 268) as a good remedy for the expulsion of intestinal worms, when used in the shape of decoction. LEYSSERA. Lin. {CompositcB.) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 60. Leyssera gnaphaloides. Lin. Root fibrous. Stem suffruticose, downy. Branches silky, nearly umbel- late. Leaves aggregate, imbricato- erect, sessile, linear- subulate, furrowed, more or less tomentose, glandu- larly scabrous. Capitula solitary, terminal, peduncled. Ljivolucre turbinate ; its scales scarious, blunt, shining. Rays yellow. Very few of our indigenous plants are so much in domestic use as this one, known as Geele-bloemetjes-thee. When pounded, or rubbed between the fingers, it gives an agreeable scent, and the infusion has a pleasant, sweetish taste. It is emollient, and for that reason is highly recommended in catarrh, cough, and even con- sumption. Some of our apothecaries have added this plant to the species pector ales. OSMITOPSIS. Cass. {CompositcB.) XIX. SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 61. Osmitopsis asteriscoides. Cass. Stem fruticose, erect, tomentose, little branched. Branches leafy to the apex. Leaves crowded, sessile, imbricated, lance- olate, pointed, entire, dotted, shaggy. Capitula on short pedicels, solitary, terminal, aggregate. Lnvolucre unequal ; scales ovate. Rays white, disk yellow. A native of Table Mountain, where it grows abundantly. The whole plant, called Bellis, is impregnated with a great deal of an aromatic volatile oil, which, from its 27 odour and taste, seems to contain camphor.* Hence its virtues as an antispasmodic, tonic, and resolvent. In the form of infusion, it is frequently and advantageously em- ployed in cough, hoarseness, and in diseases of the chest generally, and is said to be also very serviceable in flatu- lent colic. Infused in spirit, it acts as a powerful external remedy, and Thunberg relates, that he has successfully cured paralysis with embrocations of the Spiritus Bellidn. It would be worth while to distil the essential oil, with which this plant abounds, and which, from its peculiarity, shows an affinity to cajeput-oil The Osmites hirsuta. Less., a plant common on the mountains of Fransche Hoek and Drakenstein, having a similar smell, is known in the colony as Vmi der Merwe's Kruiden. EURYOPS. Cass. {CompositcB.) XIX. — KYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 62. Euryops niuWJidus. D. C. Shrubby. intern smooth, very branchy. Branches alternate, divari- cating. Leaves glabrous, linear, entire at base, bifid or multifid above. Peduncles alternate, axillary, much longer than the leaves, one-headed. Ligulce oblong, yellow. Achcema villose. From the stem and branches of this little shrub, which grows plentifully near the Olifant's River, in the district of Clanwilliani, exudes a yellowish, semi-transparent, resinous substance, which in every rt^spect resembles the mastic of the Pharmacopeia, and seems to possess almost the same properties. The existence of this gummiferous shrub has been known for many years, and was noticed by Mr. Burchell, who in his Travels, I., p. 259, mentions it in these words : — '' The inhabitants of the Roggeveld, when in want of resin, use as a substitute a gum, which exudes from different shrubs, which they call Harpuis-hosch (Resin-bush) Of this gum a considerable quantity may be collected.'' * A chemical analysis of this oil has since been made. ' It is liquid, of a yellowish-green tint, and easily soluble in ether and alcohol. In its qualities, it resembles cajeput-oil and Borneo camphor."'^ 1 Ueber das setherische Oel von Osmifopsis asferiscoides von E. v (ioriiii Hezanez (Annals of Chemistry and Pharmacy, vol. 8ii, p. 211—218.) ' Prepared from a Malayan tree (DryobalanoJ>^ Camphora. Colcb ) 28 STOB^A. Thunb. ( Compositce. ) XIX. — SYNGENESIA. LIN. SYST. 63. StobcBa ruhricaulis. D.C. Root woody. Stem erect, purple. Leaves amplexicaul, eared, rigid, smooth above, tomentose Jbeneath, pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, spiny, with prickly fringes on their margin. Pedicels short, bracteate, subracemose. Scales of the involucre spreading, ovato-lanceolate, having two spines at base, which outreach the disk. Achcsnia downy. The colonial name of Graveel-wortel, given to this plant, fully impHes the nature of its effects. It is a native of the district of Swellendam, where it grows on hills and un- cultivated fields. A tincture prepared from the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service in gravel. LOBELLA. Lin. ( CampanulaceoB.) V. 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 64. Lobelia pinifolia. Lin. Stem frutescent, erect, smooth. Leaves crowded, alternate, sessile, linear- lanceolate, acute, entire, keeled. Peduncles with short bracts, silky, few-flowered. Tube of the calyx half- round. Flowers blue, subterminal, hairy outside. The resinous root of this httle shrub is stimulant and diaphoretic. A decoction of it is sometimes used as a domestic remedy in cutaneous affections, chronic rheuma- tism, and gout. This plant is common in the mountainous parts of the Western division of the colony, where it flowers during the greater part of the year. WAHLENBERGIA. Schrad. ( CampanulacecB.) V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 65. Wahlenbergia procumbens. D, C. fil. Herba- ceous ; procumbent, diffused, entirely smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate, subsessile, blunt, entire or obsoletely crenate. Pedicels axillary, longer than the leaves. 29 Tube of the calyx egg-shaped, its lobes acute. Flowers erect, solitary, white. Common about watercourses, ditches, &c., in the summer. It is an emollient, and used accordingly as an ingredient in poultices. Its smell, when dried, resembles that of Trigonella foenum graecum. STAPELIA. Lin. i^Asclepiadece.^ V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 66. Stapelia pilifera. Lin, Root fibrous. Stem simple or branchy, leafless, succulent, round, fur- rowed, tubercled ; tuberciiles hair-pointed. Floioers stalked, solitary. Calyx 5 cleft ; corolla. 5 fid, its segments ovate, acuminate, patent. The stem of this plant, which grows in the dreary wastes of the Karroo, is fleshy and of the size and form of a cucumber. It has an insipid, yet cool and watery taste, and is eaten by the natives, who call it Guaap, for the purpose of quenching their thirst. Infused with brandy, this plant is said to be a useful remedy for piles. GOMPHOCAIIPUS. R.Br. (AsclepiadecB,^ V. 2. PENTANDRIA DYGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 67. Gomphocarpus crispus. R. Br. Stem erect, hispid. Branches alternate. Leaves on short petioles, subsessile, opposite, linear-lanceolate, round or sub- cordate at base, crisp and wavy at the margin, rigid, acuminate. Flowers stalked, axillary, or terminal, umbellate. Pedicels bracteolate^ hairy. Corolla re- flexed ; leaves of the corona pointed upwards, oblong, toothed at base. Follicles compressed, beaked, downy. Rihs naked. This plant, the Bitter-wo7^tel of the farmers, is found among hilly places in the western part of the colony. The root, formerly known to the Dutch apothecaries as the Radix Asclepiadis crispce, is extremely bitter and acrid, and on account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or infu- sion of it has been recommended in various kinds of dropsy, and a tincture prepared of it, is said to be a valuable remedv in colic. 30 DATURA. Lin (^SolanacecB.) V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 68. Datura Stramonium. Lin. Herbaceous. Stem round, branchy. Leaves ovate, unequally sinuato- dentate, smooth. Flowers large, white, funnel-shaped, plaited, axillary, solitary ; ijeduncles short. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, deciduous. Stamens 5 ; style fili- form. Capsule fleshy, ovate, erect, prickly, 4-celled at base, 2-celled at the apex. Seeds numerous, kidney- shaped. This common weed, originally a native of America, but now naturalized in most parts of the civilized world, is well known to Englishmen as the Thorm-apple, so named on account of its spiny fruit. Having a foetid, nauseous smell, it is called Stinkhlaren by the Cape colonists. Every part of this plant is highly narcotic, and pharma- ceutical preparations made from it require, in their adminis- tration, the greatest care and circumspection. In ^ouih Africa, the fresh warmed leaves of the plant, or the vapour of an infusion, are successfully used as a sedative in violent pains, caused by rheumatism (zinkens) or rheumatic gout. In the shape of poultices also they are applied to carcino- matous ulcers, and it is said that the smoking of the dried leaves affords great relief in spasmodic athma. SOLANUM. Lin. (^SolanacecB.^ V. — 1. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 69. Solanum niveum. Thbg. Root perannual. Stem fruticose, 6 feet high, erect, snow-white, tomentose, thorny. Branches prickly. Leaves alternate, stalked, ovate, attenuate at both ends, entire, nerved. Flowers blue, in a lateral, decompound, panicle. Pedicels dichotoraous, drooping. Fruit a red glabrous berry. The leaves of this Solanum are smooth on the upper, and woolly on the lower surface. The application of the latter to foul ulcers cleanses them, and a cure is afterwards effected by applying the upper surface. Hence their Dutch name of Geeneshldren. The fresh juice of the berries and leaves, when formed into an ointment with lard or fat, are also in use amongst the farmers for the same purpose. 31 70. Solanum iiigrum. Lin, Stem and hrunchea her- baceous, erect, angular, heaves ovate, bluntly-toothed and waved, attenuate at base. Flowers lunbellate, lateral, drooping, white. Berries gl()l)Ose, black. The common Nightshade (Nacht-schaduwen) grows wild in almost all parts of the globe. It has a nauseous smell, and is slightly narcotic. In South Africa the expressed juice of the herb, and its decoction, made with fat and wax into an ointment, are often successfully employed in cleaning and healing foul ulcers. — Frequent amongst garden weeds, under walls, on dunghills, etc. LYPERIA. Benth. ( ScrophulnriacecB?) XIV. — 2. DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST. 71. Lyperia crocea. Eckl. A little branchy shrub. Leaves very small, wedge-shaped, fasciculate, obtuse, entire, smooth. Peduncles elongated, axillary. Flowers sub-racemose, yeUow. Tube of the corolla much longer than the calyx. This bush deserves notice as a drug, and in all proba- bility will, ere long, become an article of colonial export. It grows abundantly in some parts of the Eastern districts, whence it has found its way into the dispensary. The flowers, which are called Geele hloemetjes^ closely resemble Saffron in smell and taste ; they possess similar medical properties, and as an antispasmodic, anodyne, and stimu- lant, ought to rank with the Crocus sativus. Here, they have as yet been only used with success in the convulsions of children, but they deserve a more general trial. On account of the fine orange colour which they impart, they are in daily request among the Mohamedans, who use them for the purpose of dying their handkerchiefs. This drug has been observed to be sometimes adulterated by the admixture of other plants of the same genus, which are less efficacious. MENTHA. Lin. [LabiatcB.) XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST. 72. Mentha capensis, Thhg. Stem erect, 4-edged, covered all over with a white shag. Branches alter- nate, divaricating. Leaves opposite, sessile, subcorrlate 32 at base, linear-lanceolate, pointed, entire or often un- equally toothed, hoary beneath, penninerved. Floral leaves awl-shaped. Flowers whorled, spiked. Spikes cylindrical, subsolitary. Calyx tomentose. Corolla white. Stamens longer than the corolla. Like other Mints, this one contains an ethereal oil, which is sharp and bitter to the taste. It grows plentifully in moist mountainous regions, and is valued as a most excel- lent antispasmodic and carminative. It is used in the form of infusion in flatulent colic, meteorism, cardialgia, hysteria, and amenorrhoea, and externally to sugillations, glandular swellings, indurations, or similar complaints. SALVIA. LiJ.\ {LabiatcB,) II. — 1. DIANDKIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 73. Salvia africana. Lin. Stem shrubby, erect, 2 feet high, scabrid, very branchy. Branches divari- cating, four-edged, shaggy. Leaves decussate, stalked, opposite, obovate, mucronate, serrate, wrinkled with veins, truncate at base, green above, whitish beneath. Leaf-stalks short, amplexicaul. Flowers in whorls, terminal, bracteate, peduncled. Peduncles opposite, short, hairy. Bracts 3-leaved, unequal. Whorls 4-6 flowered. Calyx campanulate villose. Corolla blue, hairy, double as long as the calyx. Upper lip 3-lobed, nearly entire, round ; lower 2-lobed ; lobes ovate, acute. Like those of the common Sage, the leaves of this species (known as the Wild Sage) are fragrant, astringent, and bitter. They possess nearly the same medical pro- perties as the Salvia officinalis , and are used in the same way, and under similar circumstances. BALLOTA. Lin. {Labiates.) XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST. 74. Ballota africana. Benth. Shaggy. Stem erect, one to a foot and a half high. Leaves stalked, orbicular, cordate, irregularly notched. Flowers small, 33 crowded in distant axillary whorls. Corolla almost smooth ; bracts awl-shaped. Calyx ribbed, with 10 setaceous, pointed teeth. This plant, the whole of which is covered \\\i\\ soft hairs, bears an affinity to, and possesses the medical pro- perties of the European Horehound (Marruhiuni vulgare. Lin.). It has an aromatic, bitter taste, and as a tonic, discutient, and expectorant, decoctions and infusions of its leaves are often successfully employed in chronic puhiionary diseases, obstinate coughs, and particularly in asthmatic affections. The colonists know this plant as Katte-kruiden* (Cat-herbs). LEONOTIS. R. Br. CLabiatce.^ XIV. — 1. DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. LIN. SYST. 75. Leonotis LeonitriLS. R. Br. Stem shrubby, 5 feet high. Branches tomentose. Leaves oblongo- lanccolate, whorled, obtuse, serrate from the middle to the apex, narrowed at base, slightly shaggy beneath. Flowers in crowded axillary whorls. Calyx dentate, pubescent. Bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter than the calyx. Corolla tube-shaped, curved, densely hairy, bright orange, or rarely buff. This plant, the Wild Dagga, is, on account of its beautiful flowers, a fine garden ornament. It grows wikl in the sandy Cape Flats, and often at the roadside. It has a peculiar scent and a nauseous taste, and seems to produce narcotic effects if incautiously used. It is em- ployed in the form of decoction in chronic cutaneous erup- tions, and may be tried even in cases of leprosy. The usual dose is a wineglass-full three or four times a-day. The Hottentots are particularly fond of this plant, and smoke it instead of tobacco, and take a decoction of its leaves as a strong purgative ; they likewise give it as an emmenagogue in amenorrhoea. In the Eastern districts, the Leonotis ovata is used for the same purpose. * In the famous trial of C. A. van dcr Merwe for the niurclor ot Ins wife (1838), this herb has been represented (but erroneously) by s medical witness as navcotic 34 CHENOPODIUM. Lin. (^Salsolacece,) V. — 2. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 76. Chenopodium amhrosioides. Lin. Herbaceous. Stem erect, rough, branchy. Leaves stalked, oblong, narrowed at both ends, unequally sinuato-dentate, glandular beneath, upper ones linear-lanceolate, entirco Racemes leafy, glomerate, subspicate, terminal and axillary. The whole of this plant has a strong aromatic smell, caused by an ethereal oil which it contains, and a pungent, bitter taste. Its properties are antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic, and the best form for its administration is that of tea or infusion. — Grows chiefly on waste ground, under walls, by way-sides, or upon rubbish near towns and villages. CASSYTA. Lin. {Laurinece.) IX. — 1. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 77. Cassyta filiformis, Lin. Parasitical. Branches filiform, leafless, twining, having papillaB instead of roots. Perianth 6-cleft. Flowers bisexual, clustered, greenish. Fruit a red berry. A small, twining leafless parasite, known as Vrouwen- haar, and common all over the colony. It is employed, but not often, as a wash in scald head, and for the destruc- tion of vermin. Some people pretend, that it makes the hair grow. PROTEA. LiN. (^ProteacecB.) IV. — 1. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 78. Protea mellifera. Lin. A shrub 7 — 8 feet high, perfectly smooth. Stem bushy, erect. Branches purplish. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate at base, blunt, quite entire, glossy. Involucre in the axils of the branches, obovate, oblong, pink or white, scaly, im- bricated. Inferior scales small, ovate, appressed ; upper ones lanceolate, erect, concave, bituminous. During the time of the inflorescence of this common, but beautiful shnib (Suikerbosch), the involucra or its 35 showy flowers are filled with a sweet, watery liquor, which is an allurement to the laborious bee, and to a host of various insects. This Hquid contains a great deal of honey. It is therefore collected by many farmers, who prepare from it by inspissation, a delicious syrup, which is known as the Syrupus Protece (^Boschjes-stroop), and which is of great use in cough and pulmonary affections. The Protea Lejpidocarpon, R. Br. and some other Proteae also supply the same savoury juice. RICINUS. Lin. (^EupliorbiacecB.') XXI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST. 79. Ricinus lividus. Jacq. ^Sfe^Tz arborescent, branchy Leaves peltate, palmated, coloured ; their lobes oblong, serrate-dentate. It is scarcely necessary to say much of a remedy so universally known as the one derived from this plant. As a mild purgative, the Castor-oil excels all other pre- parations, and is daily prescribed in all parts of the globe. It is desirable, however, that instead of importing this medicine, the colonists should prepare it themselves for exportation to those countries, where this useful plant does not grow spontaneously. HY^NANCHE. Lamb. {Euphorhiacece.. ) XXI. — 9. MONOECIA POLYANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 80. Hycenanche glohosa. Lamb. An arborescent shrub 8 — 10 feet high. Branches wrinkled, rifted, knotty. Leaves standing by fours on short stalks, whorled, oblong, reticulated, obtuse, leathery, quite entire, glabrous. Peduncles corymbose, axillary. Flowers monoecious. Though the fruit of this shrub {Wolvehoon) has not been introduced into the Materia medica of the Cape, yet it deserves particular attention. It is highly poisonous, and its four-celled nuts, when pounded, are used to destroy hyaenas, or other beasts of prey, and seem to contain Strychnium. This fatal bush is an inhabitant of the Mas- kamma mountain, in the neighbourhood of the Olifants River. 36 GUNNERA. Lin. ( UrticacecB. ) II. — 2. DIANDRIA DIGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 81. Gunner a jDerj^ensa. Lin. Herbaceous. Radical leaves large, stalked, kiclney-shaped, unequal, veined, obsoletely lobed, cordate at base, serro-dentate. Petioles elongated, compressed, streaked, hairy, as the leaves are. Scape tall, bearing a compound panicle of very small crowded flowers. Fruit a glabrous juicy berry. This plant ( Wilde Ramanas) grows in moist and watery parts of the colony. A decoction of the root is used by the farmers in the interior as a tonic in dyspepsia, and a tinctm-e from it as an efficient remedy in gravel. The leaves infused as tea are said to act as a demulcent in pulmonary affections, and to cure ulcerations and wounds when applied fresh. PIPER. Lin. (^PiperacecB.) II. — 1. DIANDKIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 82. Piper capense. Lin. Herbaceous, smooth. Stem erect, articulated, branchy, climbing. Branches geni- culate, forked, one-sided, .spreading. Leaves alter- nate, stalked, cordate, acute, entire, 3-nerved above, 7 -nerved beneath, netted. Nerves downy. Flowers ' in spikes, opposed. Spikes peduncled, cylindrical. Fruit a berry. The dense forests of Swellendam and George produce a kind of pepper {Boscltpeper), which partakes of the pro- perties peculiar to the genus. The berries have a hot pungent taste, and an aromatic smell, and, infused in spirits, yield a tincture which is prescribed as a stomachic, stimulant, and carminative in indigestion, flatulency and colic. In appearance and taste they greatly resemble the Cubehsj and very likely possess similar virtues. WIDDRINGTONIA. Endl. ( Conifer w.) XXI. — 10. MONOECIA MONADELPHIA. LIN. SYST. 83. Widdringtonia juniperoides. Endl. Branches purplish, squarrose, twiggy. Leaves opposite, minute. 37 * decussate, densely imbricate, appressed, ovate, con- nate, bluntly pointed, glabrous, glanduliferous. Flowers dioecious. Male catkins terminal, solitary ; female ones, lateral. Cones globose, 4-valved ; valves woody, erect, mucronate. From the branches and cones of this fine tree, Ceder- 1007)1 (Cedar-tree), which grows plentifully in the moun- tainous regions of ClanwiUiam, exudes a gum, which soon hardens in the air, becomes solid, yellowish, and trans- parent, and scarcely differs from the Gwnmi Ollbanam, an article well known in commerce. This gum is suc- cessfully used in the form of fumigations, in gout, rheu- matism, or oedematous swellings, and is also employed for the purpose of compounding plasters or preparing varnish, — Widdringtoriia ciipressoides. Endl. (Thuia cupressoides Thbg.), a shrub pretty common in the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes the same substance. HOMERIA. Vent. (^IridecE.) XVI. — 1. MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA. LIN. SYST. 84. Homeria collina. Siveef. Root a corm or tube- rous bulb, covered with a fibrous, reticulated, hardened coat. Shaft erect, smooth, paniculately branched. Branches 2-3 flowered. Spathe 2-valved, awned. Radical-leaf, strap-shaped, narrow, caudate, concave, abruptly-pointed, outreaching the shaft. Cauline leaves 2-3 much smaller. Corolla ephemerous, of a yellow or vermilion colour. I introduce this plant, the Moraea collina, Thhf/.j (which is known to almost every child in the colony as the Cape Tulip,) not for its thej'apeutical use, but for its obnoxious- ness. The poisonous qualities of its bulbs appear to have been known to some extent years ago, but judging from the rapidity with which death ensued ia a recent case, when they had been eaten by mistake, it must be of a very poisonous kind. To Dr. Laing, Police Surgeon of Cape Town, I am indebted for the particulars of a most melancholy case of poisoning caused by this bulb. A malay woman, somewhat advanced in years, with her three grand-children, respectively of the ages of 12, 8, and 6, partook, on the 18th September last (1850), of a sup])er, consisting of coffee, fish, and rice, and ate along with this, 38 a small basinful of the bulbs of the Homeria collina. The exact quantity which each ate, is not well known. They appear to have supped between 7 and 8, and retired to bed at 9 o'clock, apparently in good health. About one in the morning; the old woman awoke with severe nausea, followed by vomiting, and found the childi-en similarly afl'ected. She endeavoured to call for assistance, but found herself too weak to leave her bed, and when, at 5 o'clock, assistance arrived, the eldest girl was found Tnorihund, and expired almost immediately. The little boy of 8 years died an hour afterwards, and the youngest child was found in a state of collapse, almost insensible, with cold extremities, pulse scarcely 50 and irregular, pupils much dilated. The symptoms of the grandmother were nearly similar, but in a lesser degree, accompanied by constant efforts at vomiting By using diffusible stimu- lants, she and this child eventually recovered. The body of the eldest child was examined twelve hours after death. Marks of intense gastritis were found, parti- cularly about the cardiac and pyloric orifices. The inflam- mation extended throughout the whole course of the small intestines, and there was great venous congestion of the brain.* * About a year after the publication of the first edition of this little work, the author received the following communication from the late Richard Fryer, Esq., then Justice of the Peace for Clanwilliam : — ' Clanwilliam, 9th February, 1852. Dear Sir,— On perusing your "Flora Capensis Medica" the other day, the circumstance stated at page 26, of the poisonous eiFects of the bulb of the " Cape Tulip," brought to my recollection a dreadful accident which occurred in Hantam, in this district, many years ago, and, as I was called upon at the time, in a judicial way, to examine some of the bodies and take evidence upon the causes of death, I can vouch for the accuracy of what I shall here relate. It appears that one of the shepherds of a farmer residing there, brought home in the evening, a bundle of bulbs, which the Dutch call " Uyntjes ;" that towards dusk these were put under the ashes to roast, and when the other servants assembled in the kitchen, they were taken out and eaten amongst them, — the party consisting of three Hottentots, two women, and one male slave. About half an hour after they had partaken of them, they were all seized with dreadful nausea, followed shortly afterwards by severe vomiting, and a speedy prostration of strength. The farmer being called, ascertained immediately from some of the bulbs still uncon- sumed, that they had been eating of the " Homeria collina," of the yellow sort. "Wilde Dagga, sweet oil, milk, and everything thought good, were immediately administered, but before midnight, the three Hottentots and one woman had died, in excruciating agonies. The male slave was got through, although, for a year afterwards, he looked like a skeleton, and the surviving woman ascribed her safety to only having ate one bulb. — &c., R. F. 39 It is remarkable that in cases of poisoning- from Funq'iy violent diarrhoea is present along with vomiting-, whereas in the present case obstinate constipation prevailed. Most probably, all plants belonginp: to this genus partake of this poisonous property, which, in the case mentioned above, was not dissipated by boiling. H^iMANTHUS. Lin. (^Amaryllidece,) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 85. H(Emanthus coccineus. Lin. Root a laro"e tuni- cated bulb. Radical leaves 2, lying flat on the ground, broad, thick, coriaceous, tongue-shaped or ovate, entire, smooth. Sca.pe flat, erect, coloured, bearing a densely-flowered umbel. Involucre 4-leaved, blood- red ; its segments ovate. Fruit a red berry. The bulb of this beautiful plant is used on account of its diuretic effects. It is cut into slices, digested in vinegar, and with the addition of honey, boiled down to the consistence of an oxymel, which is given as an expec- torant and as a diuretic in asthma and dropsy. The fresh leaves are used externally as an antiseptic in foul flabby ulcers and in anthrax, and are known by the name of Veldschoenhldren. GETHYLLIS. Lin. {AmaryllidecB.) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 86. Gethyllis spiralis. Lin. Bulb ovate, scaly. Leaves fascicled, upright, linear, channelled, glabrous, spirally twisted, appearing after the flower has decayed. Flower solitary, salver-shaped, white, spotted beneath with confluent purple dots ; its tube very long, stalk- like, partly under ground. Fruit cylindrical, scented. The elongated, club-shaped^ orange-coloured fruit of this plant has a peculiar fragrance, and still preserves its old Hottentot name of Kukumakranka. Infused in spirits, the liquor partakes of its pleasing scent, and is employed in colic and flatulencv. 40 ASPAKAGUS. Lm, (^AftparaginecE.) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 87. Asparagus laricinus. Burch. Perannual. Stem twining, waving, smooth. Branches alternate, bent backward, armed at base and in the axils of the leaves with solitary, short, reflexed prickles. Leaves sub- verticillate, clustered, awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, sti- pulate, longer than the iiiternodes. Peduncles 2, very- slender, one-flowered, pendulous, nodulose above base. Floioers bell-shaped, patent, white, small. The young succulent shoots of this kind of Asparagus furnish a most excellent dish. Its roots are diuretic, impart a pecuHar smell to the urine, and are of service in dropsy, and in all cases where the secretion of the kidneys is scanty or anomalous SANSEYIERA. Thbg. (^AsparaginecB. ^ VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 88. Sanseviera tkgrsiflora. Thhg.^ Root horizontally creeping, jointed. Leaves radical, broad, ensiform, smooth, coriaceous, marginate with a callous point at the apex. Scape 2 feet high, sheated at intervals by membranaceous bracts of an ovate-lanceolate form. Flowers racemoso-spicate, stalked, white, standing in' pairs ; anthers yellow ; style lengthened, capitate. Not uncommon in forests and on Karroo-like hills between the Zwartkops and Bosjesman Rivers (Uitenhage) Fl. Dec. Jan. In the Eastern districts, the tlesliy root of this plant, when boiled, is made use of internally in piles, and is called fKay by the natives. ALOE. LiN. (^Asphodelece.) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 89. Aloe ferox. Lam. Stem very lofty. Leaves perfoliate, thick, juicy, sword-shaped, deflexed, glau- * This species has been referred by most authors to Sanseviera guineen- sis. Willd. as a mere variety. Whether this be truly correct I cannot decide, not having had an opportunity of examining both in a fresh state. 41 cous, prickly throughout, but bearing larger and sharper spines along the margins. I^ lowers racemose, crowded. Stamens double as long as the corolla. The Cape Aloes are procured from several species of this extensive genus, so peculiar to South Africa. The Aloe ferox. Lam., a native of Swellendam, is generally acknow- ledged to yield the best extract. That obtained' from the Aloe africana. Mill, is almost equally good, but not so bitter, nor so powerful as a drastic. It is the produce of the eastern districts, whence large quantities are annually exported. The Aloe commonly used by the Colonists, is prepared from the Aloe jAicatilis. MilU, whose extract is a much milder purgative, and much resembles the Bar- badoes Aloes. It inhabits the mountainous range near the Paarl, Drakenstein, and Fransche Hoek. It is much to be regretted, that the farmers do not take more trouble in purifying this valuable drug. ORNITHOGALUM. Lin. (^AspJiodelece,) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 90. Ornithogalum altissimum. Lin. Bulb very large, round, tunicated. Leaves (appearing after the scape has withered) strap-shaped and lanceolate, convolutely- mucronate. Scape solitary, glaucous, racemose, elon- gated. Raceme cylindrical, lengthened, crowded with white scentless flowers. The fleshy bulb of this plant often grows as lai'ge as a child's head. It is diuretic, and a kind of oxyiiiel, Hke that obtained from the Hcem^anthus coccinetis, is prepared from it, and employed as a demulcent in catarrh, asthma, consumption, and hydrothorax. It resembles the Scilla maritima in its effects, is common in Zwailland, where it is called Mayerman, and may be prescribed as a sub- stitute for Scilla. TULBAGHIA. Thbg. {Asphodele(B.) VI. 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 91. Tulhaghia alliacea. Thhg. Root fasciculated, imperfectly bulbous, fibrous. Leaves sheating at base, two-rowed, strap-shaped, linear, obtuse, streaked, smooth. Scape simple, longer than the leaves, ending 42 in a loose, few-flowered umbel, surrounded by a dry 2-valved involucre. Flowers 6-7, on long peduncles, drooping, dark purplish. Perianth double, outer-one funnel-shaped, limb 6 partite, interior 3-leaved, fleshy. This bulbous plant has a very pungent, offensive odour, very like that of garlic, and a somewhat acrimonious taste, and has received the name of wilde Knoflook (wild garlic). Its bulbs, boiled in milk, are recommended in phthisis, and for expelling intestinal worms. In the eastern districts, Tulhaghia cepacea and T. violacea serve the same purpose. IDOTHEA. KuNTH. (^Asphodelece.) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 92. Idothea ciliaris, Kth. Root a scaly bulb. Radi- cal leaves (appearing after the flowers have faded) strap-shaped, pointed, and fringed with short marginal hairs. Scape straight, spotted, smooth, much longer than the leaves. Flowers racemose, greenish-white ; Jlower-stalks spreading. The bulb of this plant greatly resembles that of the Scilla maritima; it is of a dingy, purplish colour, and its juice is so very acrid as to cause inflammation and even blisters, when applied to the skin. It is called Jeukbol (itching bulb) by the Colonists, and used by them when dried, like the common Squill is in Europe, as an • emetic, expectorant, and diuretic. Found in the district of Swellendam, where it flowers in the month of September. Idothea elata, Kth., closely allied to this species, has the same properties, and was already known to Breynius* as the " Bulbus liliaceus vomitorius Capitis bonae Spei." EKIOSPERMUM. Jacq. (^Asphodelece,) VI. — 1. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 93. Eriospermum latifolium. Jacq. Root tuberous, roundish, knobbed, blood-red inside. Radical-leaf • J. Breynius Exoticarum, aliarumque minus cognitarum plantarum' Centuria. Gedani 1678. Fol, (Tab. 40.) 43 broad, ovate, pointed, entire, coriaceous, nervy, trans- versely veined, smooth, involute at base, dotted beneath, stalked. Scape simple, erect, streaked, race- mose, many-flowered. Flowers pedicellate, bracteate, white. The scarlet coloured tuber of this species, which grows on the sides of the Lion's Rump, near Cape Town and else- where, is very muculent, and used externally, in abrasions of the skin and in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the Mohamedans, in the form of decoction, in amenorr- hoea. Its Cape name is Baviaans-oren. KICHARDIA. Kth. (^AroidecB.) XXI. — 1. MONOECIA ANDROGYNIA. LIN. SYST. 94. Richardia africana. Kth. Root thick, fleshy. Leaves radical, glossy, arrow-shaped, cordate at base, stalked ; leaf-stalks sheating, clasping the scape ; scape nearly three-cornered, erect ; spathe petal-like, hooded, covering the flower-bearing spadix. Fruit a berry. More than a century ago, this hardy plant, the Ethiopian Callttf has, on account of its large, ornamental, white, cap- like spathe, been cultivated in all the gardens of Europe. In this Colony, where it is indigenous, the fresh leaves, when appHed warm to parts affected with gout or rheuma- tism, allay the pain by producing local perspiration. The roots afford good nourishment for the porcupine (Hystrix cristata) Yster-vark, and therefore probably, this conspicuous plant has received the Cape vernacular, but ugly name of Varkens-blaren (pig's-leaves.) MOHRIA. Sw. Filices. XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST. 95. Mohria thurifraga. Sw, Caudex creeping, fibrous. Stipe filiform, hispid, erect Fronds bipin- nate, covered beneath with chaffy scales. Pinnce alter- nate, stalked ; pinnules ovate, the upper fruit-bearing- ones, crenate ; the barren-ones deeply incised. This fern grows abundantly on the Cape Mountains- The plant, when bruised, is fragrant and smells of Oli- 44 banum. In some parts of the Colony, the dry leaves are pulverised, and with fat made into an ointment, which is cooling, and very serviceable in burns and scalds. The vernacular name of this plant is Brand-boschjes. LASTREA. Presl. ( Filices.^ XXIV.^ — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST. 96. Lastrea athamantica, Moore. Stipe erect, flexuose, covered at base with long linear deciduous scales. Fronds leathery, smooth, lanceolate, three- pinnate. PinncR stalked, oblong, acuminate. Frimary pinnules sessile, ovato-oblong, wedge-shaped at base, decurrent ; secondary, sickle-shaped, oblong, blunt, veiny. Sori round, solitary Involucre kidney-shaped. A fern, growing on grassy hills and in moist places, near Port Natal. The Zoolu Kafirs, who know it by the name of UncomocomOf use it as a vermifuge, and its caudex, given in the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has been proved to be excellent in helminthiasis, and especially in the cure of the tape- worm. ADIANTHUM. Lin. {Filices.) XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST. 97. Adianthum cethiopicum. Lin. Caudex fibrous. Stipe compressed, waving, purplish. Fronds very deli- cate, transparent, decompound, smooth. Pinnce alter- nate on capillary stalks. Pinnules rhomboidal, crenate at apex, traversed by forked nerves. An infusion of this herb is sometimes used as an emol- lient in coughs, and in diseases of the chest. A syrup is also prepared from it, and it forms part of the species pectorales of the pharmacopoeia. The Basuto Kafirs, who call this fern Ma-o-ru-rnetsoOj employ its caudex in the shape of decoction for promoting parturition. FUCOIDE^. XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA (ALGiE). LIN. SYST. 98. The peculiar substance called Iodine, and now so universally appreciated as a powerful remedy, is 45 derived from the ashes or kelp of the Fucoidece. With these our shores are well strewed ; and amongst them are found AlgcB, distinguislied both for extraordinary frequency and gigantic size. It is certain that the Ecklonia buccinalis. Hornm. (Zee-bamboes), our Sar- gassa, Laminarice, and Iridaece, tlie Macrocijstis plani- caulis, Ag., the Desmarestia herbacea. Lamour, and many more of our large marine plants, would easily yield a vast quantity of Iodine, if the experiment of preparing it, were thought worth a due trial. SUHRIA. J. Ag. (^FloridecB.) XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA (ALG^). LIN. SYST. 99. Suhria vittata. I. Ag. Base callous, fixed parasitically on the stems of larger Algce. Frond leaf- like, linear-lanceolate, branchy, mid-ribbed at base, prolificating. Frolifications issuing chiefly from the margin of the frond as fringes, or in the form of small obovate leaves, which contain the fructification. iS ubstance cartilaginous ; colour deep purple. Like the Carrageen, or Irish moss, the whole of this handsome sea-weed is soluble in boiling water, and trans- formed into a gelatinous mass. In the shape o^ jelly or blanc mange, it is advantageously employed in pulmonary complaints, scrofula, rickets, irritation of the bladder, &c., as a demulcent and nutritive. Common in Table Bay, particularly on the gigantic stems of the Sea-trumpet (Ecklonia buccinalis. Horn.) PODAXON. Desv. (Fwigi.) XXIV. — CRYPTOGAMIA. LIN. SYST. 100. Podaxon carcinomatis. Fr. Club-shaped ; peri- dium dehiscent at base. Stipe erect, cylindrical, white. Cap ovate, tapering upwards, nearly as long as the stipe. A mushroom of an oblong club-shaped form, which grows gregariously on ant-hills. It contains a blackish powder (seeds), which is used occasionally for curing carcinomatous ulcers. APPENDIX. I subjoin to the above enumeration of medical plants, a remedy derived from the animal Kingdom, one, which, if tried properly, will in all probability become an article of commerce. I allude to the HYRACEUM,* much valued by many farmers, and well known amongst, them, by the rather harsh name of Das- jespis, Thunberg, and other travellers, mistook it for a kind of bitumen ; but it is in fact the secre- tion of a quadruped, which is common throughout the Colony, and that lives gregariously on the rocky summits of mountains, viz., the Klipdas or Hyrax capensis. It is worthy of note that this production has baffled the researches of eminent Zoologists, who have failed from even minute dis- section, in discovering any specific secretory organ, from which this matter could be derived. It may be asserted, however, that the Hyraceum is pro- duced by the uropoetical system of the animal just named, and in order to explain this seeming anomaly, it must be observed that the Hyrax drinks very seldom, if ever. Its urine, like that of the Hare, is not thin and limpid, as in other quadrupeds, but thick and of a glutinous nature. From a peculiar instinct, these animals are in the habit of secreting the urine always at one spot, where its watery parts evaporate in the sun, while its more tenacious portions stick to the rock, and harden in the air. The fresh urine of the Hyrax is of a reddish tint, and this has given rise to the opinion of those, who took this production for a kind of menstrual secre- tion. This substance is common on our mountains, and * Cf. Dr L. Fikentscher, Das Hyraceum in historischer, chemischer, pharmaceutischer, and therapeutischer Beziehung. Erkngen, 1851. Octvo. 47 is to be found, mixed with earth and dirt, near the caves or crevices, where these animals have their haunts. In smell, and in its therapeutical effects, the Hyraceum resembles most the Castoreum, a remedy which is decreasing in quantity every year, and may therefore be replaced by the former. A new article of export would thus be gained. Amongst the farmers, a solution of this substance is' highly spoken of as an antispasmodic in hysterics, epilepsy, convulsions of children, St. Yitus's dance ; in short, in spasmodic affections of every kind. Dr. A. Brown, who has employed the Hyraceum in a great number of cases, has communicated to me the following remarks of its effects, as the result of his experience : — Hyraceum is a mild stimulant and antispasmodic. The tincture, when well and properly prepared, appears to be a remedy of considerable power. It is regarded as an emmenagogue among the country people. In hysterical, nervous, and spasmodic affec- tions, Hyraceum, in the form of tincture, is a very valuable remedy, and one highly deserving of trial. It is daily prescribed by myself. It is advantage- ously combined with the Tr. Valerianae. I can speak highly of its efficacy in this class of cases. ]\Iy common formula for its use is Tinct. Hyracei. „ „ Valerianae. Spir. aether sulph., two drams of each. Aq cinnamon, two ounces. M. D. s. — A tea-spoonful thrice a-day, or 30 drops every two or three hours. In Epilepsy, I have also tried, and can recommend it. In spasmodic asthma, I have often derived decided advantage from a combination of equal parts of Tinc- tura Hyracei and Tinct. Lobelias inflatse. In a long-standing case of Hypochondria, accom- panied by strong hysterical symptoms, and which had baffled myself and several other practitioners, a teaspoonful of the tincture produced a rapid and 48 decided cure. As an emmenagogue in amenorrhoGa and chlorosis, its effects have been beyond all con- ception. In one case of chlorosis, where the cata- menia had been absent eleven months, in another of amenorrhoea of eighteen months, and where the patient had been confined to bed for months, expec- torating pus and blood, had hectic fever, cold clammy perspiration at night, complete loss of appe- tite, and was given up as altogether hopeless, Hyra- ceum effected a complete cure, for she has now for years continued fat and plump, and menstruates regularly. In all cases where Castoreum is recommended, I have found Hyraceum far preferable as an anti- spasmodic ; in hysteria itself, it is invaluable. A. B. GLOSSARY. Ibortive and abortion, terms used where the symmetry of the flower is not complete, or im- perfectly developed. Acheenium, the fruit of the family of the Compositae, which is one- seeded, and does not open ,but the pericarp of which is separable. Acuminate, tapering at top ; sharp- pointed. Acute, pointed, not tapering. Alternate, placed one above another. Amplexicaul, embracing the stem. Angular, having angles on the margin. Anther, a membranaceous body, borne by the filament, con- taining a dust-like powder. Apiculate, having a soft terminal point. Articulated, jointed. Attenuate, gradually diminishing in breadth. Axillary, growing in the axil. Baccate, berried, covered with a soft flesh. Bipinnate, if a compound leaf is divided twice in a pinnate manner. Bract, a floral leaf ; a leaf from which flowers proceed. Bractlet, a small bract at the base of a separate flower. Callous, hardened, indxirated. Calyx, flower-cup, the exterior covering of a flower. Campanulate, bell-shaped. Cap, the uppermost part of a fungus. Capitate, formed into a head. Capitulum, a head of flowers in Compositce. Capsule, a membranaceous seed- vessel opening by valves. Cartilaginous, hard and tough. Catkin, a deciduous unisexual spike, whose flowers are destitute of calyx and corolla, but supplied with bracts. Caudate, having a tail or appendage- Caudex, the stem of ferns. Channelled, concave, so as to re- semble a gutter. Ciliated, fringed with short, stiff", marginal hairs. Compound, composed of several parts. Compressed, flattened. Cone, a dry fruit formed by scales, covering naked seeds. Connate, united at base. Cordate, heart-shaped. Coriaceous, leathery. Corolla, the inner envelope of the flower, constituting what is commonly called the flower. Corona, scaly or petal-like bodies, intervening between the petals and the stamens. Corymb, a raceme, in which the lower stalks are longest, and the upper ones so shortened, that the flowers are placed in one horizontal plane. Crenate, having rounded marginal teeth. Crested, having an elevated ap- pendage, a crest. Cylindrical, having a cyliiuiricai shape. Deciduous, falling off after having performed its functions. Decompound, having compound branchings. G 50 Decussate, crossing at right angles. Dehiscent, opening, bursting. Dentate, toothed. Dichotomoiis, divided by twos, forked. Dioecious, a plant is so called when male and female organs appear separate upon different indivi- duals. Discoid, having the form of a flat- tened sphere. Divaricating, straggling, spreading. Drupe, a fleshy fruit, enclosing a nut. Elliptical, pointed at both ends. Emarginate, having a notch at the point. Ensiform, sword-shaped. Entire, without marginal teeth or incisions. Ephemerous, short-lived. Falcate, bent like a sickle. Farinaceous, mealy. Fascicled, standing in bundles. Fastigiate, having a pyramidal shape, from the branches being parallel and erect. Filiform, thread-like, slender. Flexuous, waving, bent in a zig-zag manner. Follicle, a fruit, formed by a single carpel, and opening by one suture. Frond, the leaflike development of ferns bearing the fructification. Geniculate, bent like a knee ; knee- jointed. Glabrous, smooth, bald. Glandulous, hedixmg glands at the tip. Glaucous, covered with a pale-green bloom. Globose, round, spherical. Hispid, covered with long rigid hairs. Imbricated, sQ^&We parts covermg or overlapping each other like tiles. Impari'phinate, unequally yoked . pinnate-leaves ending in an odd leaflet. Incised, deeply cut down. Internode, the portion of a stem between two nodes or leaf-buds- Involucre, bracts, surrounding a head of flowers in a whorl. Leaflet, the division in a compound leaf. Legume, a seed-pod with two valves, the seeds of which are fixed on one and the same suture, but alternately upon the two valves. Ligula, the ray-fiowers of a capitu- lum in composites. Linear, very narrow ; when the length much exceeds the breadth. Limb, the broad part of a petal, or a leafiet, forming part of the calyx. Lobed, divided into segments. Membranaceotis, having the appear- ance and structure of a mem- brane. Monoecious, when male and female flowers are separated from each other, but grow upon the same individual plant. Mucronate, abruptly terminating in a hard sharp point. ' Nodulose, with a thickened knot. Oblong (oval), elliptical, obtuse at each end. Obovate, reversely ovate. Obtuse, blunt, not pointed. Opposite, placed on opposite sides. Orbicular, rounded, with the stalk attached to the centre. Ovate, egg-shaped, broadest at base, narrowed upwards. Palmated, 5-lobed, resembling a hand. Perfoliate, surrounding the stem at 51 Panicle, an iullorescence, where subordinate stalks are again divided. Patent, spreading horizontally. Peltate, shield-like, flattened and expanded at top. Pedicel, the stalk supporting a single flower. Pedimcle, the general flower-stalk. Pendulous, hanging down. Penni-nerved (leaf), whose ribs are disposed like the parts of a feather. Perianth, a term used where the calyx and corolla are combined, partaking of the nature of both. Pericarp, the covering of the fruit. Peridium, the cover of the fruc- tification m fungi. Petals, flower-leaves ; leaves forming the corrolline whorl. Petiole, the leaf-stalk. Pinna, a leaflet. Pinnate (leaf), a compound leaf, having leaflets arranged on each side of the central rib. Pvmatifid (leaf ), a simple leaf, cut into lateral segments to about the midrib. Phmulce, the small pinnas of a bipin- nate or tripinnate leaf. Polygamous (plants), bearing her- maphroditical, as well as dis- tinct male and female flowers. Procumbent, lying on the ground. Pubescent, covered with short and soft hair. Quadrangular, four-sided, four- angled. Raceme, a cluster of flowers, where from one common stalk un- divided flower-stalks arise. Receptacle, the expanded part of the fruit-stalks, which bears the parts of fructification. Reflexed, bent backwards. Reniform, kidney-shaped. Rcpand, slightly waved at margin. Reticulated, netted. Rigid, stiff", inflexible, not easily bent. Rugose, wrinkled. Rhomboid, oval, somewhat angular in the middle. Scabrid, rough, covered with short stiff" hairs. Scape, a leafless flower-stalk. Scarious, dry, shrivelled. Serrate, toothed, like the indenta- tions of a saw. Sessile, stalk less. Setaceous, bristle like. Simple, not divided. Sinuated, the margin having obtuse or blunt indentations. Sorus, a cluster of sporangia, organs of propagation in ferns. Spadix, a fleshy spike, bearing male and female flowers. Spathe, a membranaceous bract, surrounding the flowers. Spatulate, shaped like a spattle. Spike, an inflorescence, where stalk- less flowers are arranged on a common axis. Stamen, the male organ of a flower, formed by the f lament, or stalk, and the anther. Stellate, arranged like a star. Stipe, the stalk of cryptogamic plants. Stipule, a leaf-like appendage, situated at the base of real leaves, or of leaf-stalks. Striated, marked by streaks. Sioloniferous, having creeping run- ners, which root at the joints. Style, the columnar or filiform elongation of the pistil, which supports the stigma, and pro- ceeds upwards fronj the ovary. Subulate, awl-shaped. Succulent, fieshj. Suffrulicose, having tlic cliaracter of an undershrub. 52 Ternate, composed of three leaf- lets. Term'mal, on the summit. Tomentose, covered with dense, en- tangled, rigid, short hairs. Trifid, divided into three seg- ments. Trifoliate, consisting of three leaf- lets. Truncate, lopped off; terminating abruptly. Tubular, cylindrical, fistular. Tunicaied, covered by thin scales. Turbinate, formed like a top. Umbel, an inflorescence in which numerous stalked flowers arise from one point. I'alves, the portions which separate self-opening capsules. J'erticillote, ranged in whorls. Villose, shaggy, covered with long, weak hairs, Viscid, clammy. Whorl, a kind of inflorescence, in which the flowers are placed around the stem or branch on a common axis. INDEX. PAGE Acacia GirafFae, Willd. . .. 11 „ horrida, Willd.. .. 11 Adianthvim fiethiopicum, Lin. 44 Aloe africana, Mill 41 „ ferox, Lam 40 „ plicatilis, Mill 41 Arctopixs echinatus, Lin, . . 19 Artemisia afra, Jacq 22 Asparagus laricinus, Burch. 40 Ballota africana, Benth. . . 32 Borbonia parviflora, Lam. . . 9 Biibon Galbanum, Lin. . . 18 Cassyta fililbrmis, Lin. . . 34 ChenopodiumambrosioidesjLin. 34 Cissampelos capensis, Lin. . . 2 Citrullus amarus, Scbrad. . . 14 „ CafFer, Schrad. . . 14 ClifFortia ilicifolia, Lin. . . 12 Cotula multifida, D. C. .. 22 Cotyledon orbiculata, Lin. .. 15 Crassula arborescens, Willd. 16 „ portulacacea, Willd. 15 „ tetragona, Lin. , . 15 Cyclopia genistoides, Vent. . . 9 Datura Stramonium, Lin. , . 30 Diosma crenata, Lin 7 „ serratifolia, Lodd. . . 8 Dodonasa Thunbergiana, E & Z 3 Elytropappus glandulosus, Less. 26 „ Ilhinocerotis, Less. 25 Erapleurum serrulatum, Sol. 8 Epilobium villosum, Thbg. . , 13 Eriocephalus umbellulatus, D.C. 23 Eriospermum latifolium, Jacq. 42 Euryops multifidus, D. C , . 27 Fagarastrum capense, Don.. 8 Fucoidea?. ,, „ . . 44 PAGE Garuleum bipinnatum, Less. . 21 Gethyllis spiralis, Lin. . . . 39 Gomphocarpus crispus, R. Br. 29 Gunnera perpensa, Lin. . . 36 Haemanthus coccincus, Lin. 39 Helichrysum auriculatum. Less. 24 „ imbricatum. Less. 24 „ nudifolium, Less.. . 24 „ serpyllifolium. Less. 21 Homeria collina, Sweet. . . 37 Hyaenancbe globosa, Lamb... 35 Hydrocotyle asiatica, Lin. . . 17 „ Centella, Cham. 17 Hyraceum, 46 Idothea ciliaris, Kth 42 elata, Kth 42 Knovvltonia vesicatoria, Sims. 1 Lastrea athamantica, Moore. . 44 Leonotis Leonurus, R. Br. . . 33 „ ovata, R. Br. . . 33 Leontonyx augustifolius, D.C. 25 Leyssera gnaphaloides, Lin.. 26 Lobelia pinifolia, Lin. . . 28 Lyperia crocea, Eckl. .^ 31 Malva rotundifolia, Lin. . . 3 Matricaria glabrata, D. C. . . 20 Melianthus major, Lin. . . 6 Melilotus parviflora, Desf. .. 10 Mentha capensis, Thbg. . . 31 Mesembryanthemum acinaci- forme, Lin. .. .. 16 „ crystallinum,Lin. . . 16 „ edule, Lin 16 „ tortuosuni, Lin. .. 17 Methyscophyllum glaucum, E. and Z 9 Mobria tbnrifr;iga, Sw. . . 43 54 Monsonia ovata, Cav. . . Mundtia spinosa, D. C. PAGE .. 4 .. 2 Ornithogalum altisimuin, Lin. 41 Osmites hirsuta, Less. .. 27 Osmitopsis asteriscoides, Cass. 26 Oxalis ceriiua, Lin G Pappea capensis, E. andZ.. 3 Pelargonium anceps, Willd.. 5 „ antidysentericum, E. & Z. 4 „ cucullatum, Ait. .. 5 „ scutatuni, Sw 5 „ triste, Willd 4 Pharnaceum lineare, Thbg. . . 11 Pilogyne Ecklonii, Schr. , . 13 Piper capense, Lin 36 Podaxon carcinomatis, Fr. . . 45 Polygala serpentaria, E. & Z. 2 Punica granatum, Lin. . . 12 Protea melliflora, Thbg. . . 34 „ Lepidocarpon, R. Br. 3o Ranunculus pubescens, Thbg. 1 Richardia africana, Kth. . . 43 Ricinuslividus, Jacq.*. . .. 35 Rubus pinnatus, Willd. . . 12 PAGE Salvia africana, Lin.. .. 32 Sanseviera thyrsiflora, Thbg. . 40 Slum Thunbergii, D. C. . . 18 Solanum nigrum, Lin. . . 31 „ niveum, Thbg. .. 30 Stapelia pilifera, Lin. . . 29 Stobcea rubricaulis, D. C. . . 28 Suhria vittata, J. Ag.. .. 45 Sutherlandia frutescens, R.Br. 11 Tanacetura multiflorum, Thbg. 23 Tarchonanthus camphoratus, Lin 22 Tetraphyle furcata, E. & Z.. 1^ Tulbaghia alliacea, Thbg. . . 41 . Valeriana capensis, Thbg, . . 20 Vascoa amplexicaulis, D. C. 10 perfoliata, D. C. .. 10 Viscum capense, Lin. f. . . 19 Wahlenbergia procumbens, D. C. f. 28 Widdringtonia cupressoides, Endl 37 Widdringtonia juniperoides, Endl 36 = 0I.OM0N AND CO., STF,A.A! FRINTING !>FrK!:= rAPE TOWN \ SYNOPSIS FILICUM AFRICA AUSTHALIS: OR, AN ENUMERATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN FERNS HITHERTO KNOWN. L. PAPPE, M.D., AND THE HON. EAWSON W. KAWSON, ESQ.' CAPE TOWN: W. BRITTAIN, 44, ST. GEORGE'S-STREET 1858. CAPE TOWN: SAUL SOI-OMON AND CO., STEAM PKINTING OFFICE, LONGMARKET-STREET. INTRODUCTION § 1. The natural family of Ferns comprises cryptogamic, mostly perennial, plants, the leaves or fronds of which are, in the early stage of their growth, coiled up in a particular way, so as to represent a scroll. Their fronds show a great variety of form and texture, and generally bear on the veins of the under surface, or along their edges, the organs of the fructification. § 2. These consist of capsules or spore-cases (sporidia), which burst in various ways, and are either continuous, spread about irregularly, grouped together in heaps (sort), or more rarely collected into spikes or racemes, formed by the contraction of part of the frond. § 3. These capsules are one-celled, stalked or sessile, gene- rally surrounded by an articulated elastic ring, and discharge, when mature, the spores, or minute seeds, which they contain. The sori or clusters of sporidia are, in a great many genera, protected by a peculiar membrane, or scale, called the indusium or involucre, which is deciduous or persistent, derives its origin from the epidermis of the frond, and covers the sori entirely or in part ; while in other cases, the borders of the frond, being dilated and reflexed, perform the function of that membrane. § 4. The Ferns arise from a subterraneous root-stock (rhizome), which for the most part is creeping and of a woody nature. Their stem, or that portion of the rhizome which rises above ground (caudex), is almost ever upright and simple, and but rarely climbing ( Stenochkena Meycriaiia), or hvvLiiQ\iQ^{Gleicheniaceai). It is very short, and nearly wanting B IV in some species^ yet becomes arborescent in others, and often attains a considerable height ( Cyathea, Alsophila), This- caudex, wiiich is hollow within, and not possessed of a fibrous inner bark {liber^, is generally hard from without, and of a glossy appearance. Both the root-stocks and the stems of some of these plants contain peculiar resinous substances which have anthelmintic properties, and serve as vermifuges, {Lastrea athamantica, etc.,) — a fact, already known to the ancients. — Theophr. Hist. Plantar, 18, 8. § 5. In the formation of the leaves, nature has displayed her wondrous charms. These leaves are called fronds by botanists, and are either stalked, or more rarely sessile, or sometimes jointed to the caudex,or root-stock, by articulations. They are persistent and evergreen within the tropics and temperate zones, but deciduous in cold climates, in which case the frond is yearly renewed. Then- texture is herba- ceous, membranaceous, or leathery; their upper surface, generally dark, smooth, glazed or shining ; the under side, on the contrary, paler, very veiny, often clothed with short hair, and furnished with minute breathing pores {stomaia). In a few genera, only, both surfaces are nearly alike ( Vit- taria, Hymenophyllece). The fronds are rarely simple and entire, much oftener lobed, digitate, or pinnatifid, but mostly pinnate or further divided. Their pinnce and pinnules, again, are entire, notched, sawed, toothed, incised, or pinnatifid, and frequently unequally shaped at their bases. § 6. The stipes, which in this family represents the leaf- stalks of phanerogamous plants, is connected with the stem or the rhizome by articulation. It is of different size : almost wanting in some species, or of considerable length in others ; mostly herbaceous, but sometimes woody, and covered by an epidermis, which in the course of growth becomes brittle, glossy, and of a dark-brown or blackish hue. The continu- ation of the stipes through simple fronds goes by the name of rib, or costa, while its further ramifications in pinnated fronds are called rcichises. § 7. The root-stocks, stems, stalks, and rachises of Ferns are often clothed, especially in their youth, with a peculiar kind of deciduous, membranaceous, chaffy scales, which are decidedly hygroscopical (absorbing water), scarlous, dispersed, or imbricated, erect, twisted, filiform, lanceolate, oval, etc., and of a brown, black, or yellow colour. They are called PalecB, differ in size, and their edges are either entire, sawed, fringed, or irregularly torn. § 8. The process of fecundation in this family of plants has been the speculative task of many naturalists. Some skilful hypotheses have been advanced on the subject by eminent authors, in order to establish sexuality amongst them ; but as nature has mysteries of her own to hide from mortal view, so these theories, however intelligent, are only to be looked upon as ingenious suppositions. That young Ferns may be reared from spores, or seeds, is sufficiently known, as well as that some of them are propagated by leaf buds. {Aspleniiun ^emmiferu7n,) § 10. For the purpose of systematic classification, the filical tribe has been divided into sub-orders, the chief charac- ters of which are to be found in the construction, shape, dehiscence, or position of the sporidia ; the presence or ab- sence of an involucre, the form of the spores, the vernation, etc. In Hymenopliylleoi (small Ferns with very delicate, almost transparent, fronds, without stomata), the marginal spore-cases are placed upon the top of an extended vein, and covered with a cuplike involucre, formed by the lobes of the frond ; while the capsules in Ophioglossece arc spiked on the margin of a contracted leaf, possess no ring at all, and have a straight vernation. § 11. If the graceful Fern trees of tropical or sub-tropical climes approach CycadecB, and remind us of the majestic growth of Palms, then the small order of LycopodiacecB or club-mosses show, in the structure and shape of their leaves, an affinity to the muscal alliance. These plants form indeed a family of their own, but are commonly clas^^cd with Ferns as VI an intermediate group. They have creeping or erect stems ; their leaves are small/sessile, whorled, or imbricated, and their fructification, which is spiked or axillary, consists of bivalved cases, containing minute powdery spores. Of this order, but few representatives are known to inhabit South Africa. § 12. In most true Ferns, but especially in the dorsiferous ones, the peculiar course, position, distribution, and rami- fication of the nerves and veins, placed at the back of their fronds, are highly important for the supply of superior generic characters, being, as they are, closely connected with the insertion of the organs of fructification. They, therefore, are very valuable also in the arrangement of fossile Ferns, which, as we learn from geology, abounded in great number and variety during the carboniferous epoch of the earth, and of which some hundred species, belonging to different genera, have been described. § 13. Although Ferns exist in nearly all parts of the globe, yet countries situated within or somewhat beyond the tropics, eeem to be most genial to their growth and development. They generally delight in warm, moist, shady localities, and thrive best in woody, mountainous regions. In the western districts of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope they are proportionally rare for that reason, but increase in species towards the east, and become frequent and distinct in the dense woods, mountain ravines, and near the cascades of Natal. The aboriginal forests of British Kaffraria, as yet unexplored, undoubtedly conceal strange forms, quite new to the scientific world. § 14. If we estimate (by moderate calculation) the entire number of South African plants at about 12,000 species, out of which one thousand, at least, are cryptogamic or cellular, it then becomes apparent, that the Ferns are but poorly represented in this great and imposing assemblage, forming hardly one-sixtieth part of the whole Flora, and scarcely one- fifth part of the plants of the lower classes, known to exist in so wide and rich a tract of territory. vu § 15. It is rather remarkable that, uj:) to this date, not one single genus of Ferns has been discovered which could be said to be exclusively peculiar to this country, while even eighty-eight of the species described in this treatise, or about the half of them only, could claim that privilege. The rest of them are widely diflPused, for we find thirty-one out of the number inhabiting the Mascarenhas (Mauritius and Reunion). Fifteen are found in Europe ; fifteen grow in the West Indies, eleven in New Holland, ten in North America, nine in South America, eight in the Brazils, seven in the East Indies, six in the barren island of Tristan d'Acunha, six in the Canaries and Azores, five at Java, five in Central America, five in the north of Asia, six in the Sandwich Islands, three in North Africa, two in New Zealand and Tasmania, two at Luzon, one in Amboyna, Singapore, Fer- nando Po, China, and Japan. The rare Cyrfomium falcatum, a native of the lastnamed country, has but recently been found by Capt. Espinasse in the forests of British Kaffraria. § 16. Collectors of Ferns should not be satisfied with gathering fertile specimens alone, but secure, in like manner, sterile fronds and young shoots, which often greatly differ from perfect plants in their general aspect. The root-stocks and caudices also are of importance, and ought to be preserved. § 17. To persons who take an interest in the natural history of South African Ferns, a short review of the principal works treat- ing on that topic may be acceptable. Thunberg,* whose writ- ings on the Flora of this country are invaluable, described only thirteen genera and twenty -nine species of Ferns as indigenous. At a later period. Professor de Schlechtendal, encouraged by the examination of the valuable collections brought home by several zealous botanical travellers, and deposited in the Royal Herbarium of Berlin, issued a-work on South African Ferns.f *Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, 2d volume. Upsalae, 1800, 8ro., and Flora Capensis, ed. Schultes, Stuttg. 1823, 8vo. t Adumbratio Filicum in Proraontorio Bona? Spci provenientium. Part 1-5, Berl. 1825-26, 4to., with 24 engraved plates. Here the author not only gives his own elaborate descriptions of many new, rare, or little known species, but also inserts Dr. Schrader's remarks on Cape Ferns, hitherto concealed in a learned periodical,* little accessible to botanical students. This important publication, which unhappily has been left unfinished, contains the descriptions of twenty-three genera and sixty-nine species. The latest monograph on the sub- ject we owe to the pen of one of the ablest Pteridologists of our time. The rich collections made in this country by Ecklon and Zeyher, Drege, Gueinzius, and others, supplied the late and much lamented Professor Kunze (of Leipzic) with ample materials for his treatise on South African Ferns. This appeared under the title of " Acotyledonearum Africaa Australioris recensio nova. I. Filices, in the Linnsea f for 1836 and 1844, and contains thirty-three genera and one hundred and eleven species, many of which were perfectly new. Some of them are also figured in Kunze's continuation of Schkuhr. J Since then, the number of South African Ferns has been on the increase, a fact borne out by the contents of the following pages. * Goettinger gelelirte Anzeigen, 1818. f Linnasa. Ein Journal fiir die Botauik in ihrem ganzen Umfange. X G. Kunze, Die Farrnkraeuter in colorirten Abbildungen. Leipz. 184^ 8q. 4to. AN ENUMERATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN" FERNS. SYNOPSIS OF SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA OF FERNS. The classification adopted in the following description ia mainly that established by Professor Presl, in his admirable '' Tentamen Pteridographiai/' published in 1836, and fol- lowed by Sir Wm. Hooker, in his exquisitely illustrated " Genera Filicum," published in 1842. The latter author, in his subsequent, more detailed, work, commenced in 1846, under the title of " Species Filicum,'* has somewhat modified Presl's arrangement, and other later authors have introduced more extensive changes ; but as none of these have been generally accepted, and as Sir Wm. Hooker's work on the species of Ferns is still incomplete, it has been deemed preferable to adhere generally to the classification of Presl. This author excludes from the order of Ferns (Filices) the group Hymenophylleffi of Endlicher, containing the two genera of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, which Sir William Hooker has restored, placing them between the tribes Dick- soniacejE Pr., and Davalliaceai Pr. He also excludes the order of Lycopodiacess, and others akin to, but not comprised in, the order of " Filices." The same arrangement will be adopted in the following synopsis. Presl admitted two sub-orders, established by Bernhardi, dependent upon the character of the elastic ring surrounding the capsules (sporangia), viz., Helicogyrata;, having an eccen- tric ring, and Cathetogyrata3, having a marginal ring seldom complete. The former embraces only the first two tribes of the order. The distinction cannot easily be detected without a magnifying glass, and need not be attended to in a study of the Ferns of South Africa. ORDER FILICES. SUB-ORDER, HELICOGYRAT^. TRIBE 1. GleicheniacecB. Kunze. Fronds creeping, spreading, gene rally dichotoraous, pinnate, coriaceous, with gemmae in axils. Pinnules small, linear. Involucre none. Sori glo- bose, solitary or few. Gen. 1. — Gleichenia. Swartz. >So/*2 immersed. Gen. 2. — Mertensia. Willd. Sori superficial, on a raised dotlike receptacle. To this tribe belong the genera Platyzoma, Brown, and Caly- mella, Presl, which are not, as far as is known, represented in South Africa. TRIBE 2. Cyatheacece, Endlicher. Plant arborescent. Stem erect. Involucre cup-shaped, inferior, or wanting. Gen. 1. — Cyatliea. Smith. /Sorz on fork of veins, with an involucre. Gen. 2. — Alsophila. Br. (Hemitelia, Presl). Sori at base of veins, with spurious involucre. Schizocsena, I. Smith., Cnemidaria, Pr., Trichopteris, Pr., Me- taxya,Pr.,andGymnosph3era, Blume., are not represented in South Africa. Sub-order Cathetogyrat^. GROUP 1, having an involucre (true or spurious.) TRIBE 1. Peranemacece. Pr. Sori globose, pedunculate, or on middle of superior veinlet. Involucre inferior, covering the sori. This tribe, containing Peranema, Don., Diacalpe Blume, Wood- sia, Br., and Hypoderris, Br., is not represented in South Africa. TRIBE 2. AspidiacecB. Pr. Sori globose, on middle, seldom on apex, of veins. Involucre superior, free, except at point of insertion ; deciduous. Rhizome creeping, or sub-globose. Sect. 1. — Nephrodiarice. Pr. Involucre kidney-shaped. Gen. 1. — Lastna. Pr, Veins simple or forked. Gen. 2. — Oleandra, Cavanilles. Veins numerous, close, parallel ; root creeping. Gen. 3. — Nephrodium, Schott. Lower veins arching. Nephrolepis, Schott is not represented in South Africa. Sect. 2. — Aspidiarice. Pr. Involucre round or elliptic; entire. Gen. 1. — Polysticlunn. Schott. =, Wallicli., Lygodictyon, I. 8m., Lygodium, Sw., Aiiemidictyon, I. Sm,, and Trochopteris, Gardner , are not repre- sented in .'South Africa. Order OSMUND ACE^. Mart. Spore cases, dorsal or panicled, stalked, with abroad dorsal incomplete ring. Gen. L — Osmunda. Linn. ♦Sy^ore c«^(".9, heaped on lateral or terminal pinna?, contracted. Gen. 2. — Todea, Willd. Spore cases, heaped on veins, upon under side of frond, thickly or thinly spread. Order MARATTIACEiE. Kaulf. Spore cases, vf'iih- out a ring, dorsal, combined in masses, and splitting by a central cleft. Gen. 1. — Marattia. Sw. Sori oblong, sessile on forked veinlet, in single series^ near the margin. Involucre coriaceous, Eupodium, I. Sm., Angiopteris, Hoffmann., Dantea, Sm., and Kaulfussia, Bl., are not represented in South Africa, Order OPHIOGLOSSE^. Br. Spore cases, ringless, distinct, bivalved, formed on margin of a contracted leaf. Gen. 1. — Ophioglossum. Linn. Spike undivided in two rows. Botrychium, Sw., and Helminthostachys Kaulf. arc not repre- sented in South Africa. Order LYCOPODIACE^. Sw. Spore cases axil- lary, one to three-celled. Gen. L — Lycopodium. Linn. Spore cases, 1 to 4-lobcd, sessile ; often in spikes. Gen. 2. — Psilotum. Sw. Spore cases, 3-lobcd, globose, sessile, solitary, at base of minute leaves. Tmesipteris, Bernh., is not represented in South x\frio.i. 10 SYNOPSIS OF SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF FERNS. I. OLEICHENIACEiE. Kze. I. GLEICHENIA. SW. (2 SpCcIeS.) 1. Gleiclienia pnhjpodloides. Sw. Frond dlchotomouSy much branched, proliferous ; branches pinnate, spreading ;; pinnae pinnatifid ; segments ovate, more or less glaucous beneath, smooth ; capsules 3-4, immersed on the underside of the frond, forming flat-topped sori. Stipes and racliises rather smooth. Caudex creeping. — Hook. Spec. Filic. vol, 1, p. 3, Schkuhr. Filic. t. 149. Yar. glauca. Pinnae somewhat longer and closer ; fronds more glaucous beneath. Common on Table Mountain, and in many parts of the Colony y and Natal. — v, v. & .§.* 2. Gleiclienia argentea. Kaulf. Fronds dichotomous, branching ; branches pinnate, spread ; pinnce pinnatifid ; segments wedge-shaped, very blunt, rounded at the apeXy silvery beneath; rachises clothed in a thick woolly ferruginous shag. Capsules about 4. Caudex creeping, surrounded with stellate bristly scales. — Kaulf, Enum. Filic, p. 36. In moist sliady places, amongst rocks on Table Mountain (Cbamisso.), at (lenadendal (Rev. C. R. Kolbing), near the Van JStaden's River, Uitenhage (Ecklon and Zeyher), v. s, II. MERTENSIA. WILLD. (1 SpecicS.) 3. Mertensia umbraculifera. Kze. Fronds repeatedly dichotomous, much branched, pinnatifid ; segments linear, comb-shaped, blunt or slightly pointed, glabrous above, and glaucous beneath ; ribs and rachises clad with ferruginous woolly shag. /S^zpt^^ lono: erect, channelled naked; rhizome horizontal, paleaceous. — Kze Linntea., vol. 18, p. 116. In British KafFiaria, and on the grassy banks of the Omnaroti River, Natal. — (Gueinzius.) v. s, * V. V. and S. — Vidi vivaiti et siccam. 11 n. CYATHEACE.^. Endi. III. CYATHEA. SMTH. (Arboresce7it) (2 Species.) 4. Cyathea DregeL Kze. Unarmed, fronds 2 pinnate, coriaceous ; pinnules lanceolate, pointed/ deeply pinnatifid, smooth above, paler below, and rufo-tomentose on and near the rachis beneath; segments oblong-ovate, subfalcate, obtuse, entire or serrated ; sori on the lower half of the segments immersed in rufous wool : involucre hemispherical, breaking irregularly; Stipes short, rough, scaly.— Hook. Spec. Filler, vol. 1, p. 23., Tab. 10, fig. B., and Tab. 17, fig. A. Kunze Linnasa, vol. 10, p. 551. In forests near Bethel (KafFraria), and the Magalisberg (Zeyher), in a rocky valley at the great cataract between Omzam- woobo and Omzamcaba (Drege), near the Moore River. (Natal. Plant.) 7). s, 5. Cyathea Burhei. Hook. Fronds 2-pinnatifid, mem- branaceous ; pinnules lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, 2-pinna- tifid ; rachis partially woolly, smooth above ; segments oblong-ovate, obtuse, entire, the costa hairy at the base. Sori few, often solitary ; involucre globose, with an irregular opening at the top. Stipes tubercled with small prickles, and at its base, and that of the main rachis, clothed with glossy brown, chaffy scales. — Hooker Spec. Filic, voL 1, p. 23, Tab. 17, B. In forests at MagaHsberg. (Zeyher.) v. s. IV. Alsophila. r. BR. ( Arborescent ) (1 Species). 6. Alsophila Capensis, J. Smth.* Unarmed ; fronds 3- pinnate ; piiince lanceolate-acuminate, membranaceous, deeply pinnatifid ; segments narrow-oblong, acute falcate serrated (rachis and costa, with small deciduous scales), veins simple, or rarely forked. Soi'i cylindrical, generally solitary at tho bases of the lowest veins, on the upper half of the segment. — * Very curious leaflike appendages issue luxuriantly from the base of the stipes in this species. They are flaccid 3-pinnate abortive J ronds six or eight inches in length. Their pellucid membranaceous pimi(e are dichotomously branched, and their narrow, linear acute lobes, forked, or irregularly split. Their appearance is that of a parasitical Trichomanes in its barren state; and they were described erroneously as Trichomanes incisum, by Thunberg and as T. cormophilura, by Kaulfuss. D 12 Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 36. Hemitelia Capensis. li. Br. Amphocosmia riparia, Gardner. London Journal of Botany, vol. 1, p. 441, Tab. 12. Common in the woody ravines and forests of South Africa. — V. V. and s. III. ASPIDIACE^. Presl. Y. LASTREA. PRSL. (7 Specics.) 7. Lastrea Thelypteris. Prsl. Fronds pinnate ; pinnm pinnatifid, linear-lanceolate smooth; segments ovate, acute, nearly entire, the fertile-ones revolute. Sori marginal, con- tiguous, at length confluent. Stipes, with or without scales, downy at the apex. Caudex creeping. Aspidium Thelypteris. Sw. Schlecht. Adumbr. Filic. Capens, p. 23, Tab. 11. In moist localities, near rivulets, in the Cape flats, on Devil's Mountain, near the Paarl, Swellendam, Tulbagh, Uitenhage, &c., also at Natal. — (v. v. and s.) 8. Lastrea patens, Presl. i^roy/fZ^ pinnate; jozwz^pinnati- fid ; segments subfalcate-lanceolate, acute, the lower ones of the inferior pinnce pinnatifido-incised. ISori small, round, in a double line ; upper portion of the stipes, costa, and rachises downy. — Aspidium patens. Sw. Schlecht, 1. c, p. 22. Hook. Genera Filic, t. 45 a. In shady localities, at the foot of Table Mountain (Kirstenbosch), and in the forests of Stellenboseh, George, Uitenhage, British Kaffi-aria, and Natal. — v. s» * 9. Lastrea Catoptera. Nob. Fronds 2-pinnatifid ; pinnce stalked, distant, erect, oblong-lanceolate sharp-pointed ; pin- nules oblong, the lower ones blunt, deeply pinnatifid ; seg- ments ovato-oblong, subfalcate, obtuse sinuato-subdentate, downy on both sides ; the basal-one triangular, wedge-shaped, decurrent. Sori sub-marginal ; rachis and stipes downy. Aspidium catopteron. Kze. Linnsea., vol. 10, p. 550. In the forests between Omzamcaba and Omzamwoobo, also at Koratra, Natal. (Drege. Giieinzius.) v. s. 10. Lastrea incBqicalis. Presl. Fronds 2-pinnate, smooth ; pinnce confluent and pinnatifid at the apex, bipinnatifid at the base ; pinnules oval, obtuse, obliquely cuneate, inciso-dentate 13 and pHinatifid. Son solitary, distant. Stipes and rachis somewhat scaly; rhizome thick, creeping. Aspidium iiKEquaJe, Schlecht. 1. c, p. 23, Tab. 12. Moist and shady spots on Devil's Mount; at Hottentot's Holland, Swellendam (Voormansbosch), British Kaifraria, Natal, &c. — V. V. and s. 11. Lastrea spinulosa. Prcsl. Fronds 2-pinnate, erect, oblong-lanceolate ; pinnoi elongated, oblique, opposite ; -pin- nules oblong, acute, decurrent, inciso-serrate or pinnatifid, with sharp-toothed lobes. Sori round in a double row. Stipes slightly scaly. — Aspidium spinulosum. Sw. Schkuhr. Filic. T. 48. In shady rocky localities in the Du Toit's Kloof, Swellendam (Drege.) 12. Lastrea pentagona. Moore. Fro/^/.v 2-pinnate coria- ceous, smooth, ovato-pentagonal; pinnce acuminate, the lower pairs triangular, unequal-sided ; the inferior pinnules of the lowest pinna3 longest, pinnate with distant oblong-obtuse, duplicato-serrate decurrent secondary pinnules, with mucro- nate teeth ; the superior pinnitles and those of the upper part of the frond pinnatifid, with oblong mucronato-serrate lobes. Sori distinct, forming two lines near the mid-vein on the pinnules ; stipes and rachises scaly. — Moore, p. 227. in Ilook, Journ. of Botan., and K. Gr. Miscellany, vol 5., p. 227. In ravines and moist places near the Umvoti, Natal (Plant.) * 13. Lastrea athamantica. Nob. Fronds 3-pinnate coria- ceous, lanceolate, smooth, jnnniB ^stalked, oblong, acuminate. Primary pinnules sessile, ovato-oblong cuneate, at base decurrent ; secondary falcate, blunt, veiny. Sori round, solitary. Stipes short, erect, flexuose, covered at base with long linear deciduous scales. Aspidium athamanticum. Kze. Linnjea, vol. 18, p. 123. Lastrea Plantii Moore in Hook. Journ. of Botan., etc., vol. 5, p. 226. On grassy hills and in boggy localities at Natal (Giieinzius), and in deserted holes of the jackal near Moore River, Natal (Gueinzius, Plant.) V. s. The natives, who call this fern Umhomo-Komo use its root- stock as a vermifuge, especially for the cure of the tape-worm. VI. OLEANDUA. CAV. (1 SpecicS.) 14. Oleandra articulata. Prcsl. Fronds simi)lc, entire, lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous ; Sori round; scattered. 14 Stipes short, nodose, articulated ; rhizome horizontally creeping, climbing, clothed with numerous awl-shaped imbricated scales, which have a black spot at their bases. Aspidium articulatnm. Sw. Kunze Linn^ea, vol. 18, p. 123. Climbing rocks in woody ravines in the Magalisberg (Zeyher), and in similar localities at Natal. (Gueinzius) v, s, VII. NEPHRODIUM. SCHOTT. (2 SpCcicS.) * 15. Nephrodium Ecklonianum. Nob. Frond pinnate, lanceolate, coriaceous ; the loioer pinnce distant, almost oppo- site, the upper ones alternate, approximate; all shortly stalked, lanceolate, sharp-pointed, inciso-pinnatifid, bearing small scattered resinous dots on the under surface ; segments ovate, subfalcate, rounded ; costce slightly scaly beneath, channelled above, and as well as the angular rachis downy. Sori nearly marginal, continuous ; involucre smooth. Stipes long, smooth ; root-stock covered with brown scales. Aspidium Ecklonii. Kze. Linnasa, vol. 10, p. 546. Around the hot springs at Brand valley (Worcester), at the Zwart- kops River (Uitenhage), Van Staden's River, the Knysna, &o., also at Natal. (Plant) v. s, * 16. Nephrodium Plantianum. Nob. (New Species.) Frond pinnate, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous ; pinncs shortly stalked, alternate, approximate, erect patent, lance-shaped, pinnatifid, smooth ; segments ovate, obtuse, notched ; stipes and rachis angular, naked. In the dense forests of Natal. (Plant No. 341) v. s. VIII. POLYSTICHU3I. SCHOTT, (4 SpeclcS.) 17. Polystichum pungens. Presl. Frond 2-pinnate ; pinnules oblong-ovate, obliquely cuneate, auricled, subfalcate, acute, doubly inciso-dentate, teeth mucronate. Sori irregu- larly scattered. Stipes 2iVL^rachises^Q,2Xy, Aspidium pungens, Kaulf. Schlecht, 1. c, p. 21, Tab. 10. Common in shady moist places throughout the Colony, v, v. and s, * 18. Pohjstichum luctuosum. Nob. Frond 2-pinnate. lance-shaped, coriaceous, smooth ; pinncB alternate, stalked, patent, erect, lanceolate acute, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex ; pinnules ovate-trapeziform subfalcate, aristato-serrate, muc- ronate, eared at base. Sori small ; stipes and rachises clothed 15 with blackish scales. Aspidium luctaosum. Kze., vol. 10, p. 548. In a mountain kloof at Bedford (Dr. Atlierstone) on the wood- clad mountains near Philipstown, Kat River (Bartels, tckion, and Zeyher), in the forests of British Kaffraria. (Captain Espinasse) v. s, 19. Polystichum angulare, Presl. Frond 2-3-pinnate, rigid, coriaceous, acuminate, glossy above, paler beneath ; pinncB alternate, distant, stalked, spreading, linear-lanceolate, acute, pinnate, pinnatifid at the apex, perfectly smooth ; pinnules alternate oblong-lanceolate deeply incised, sharp- pointed, cuneate at the base, the lowermost lobe or sen-ment 3-4 toothed, largest, eared. Sori small, solitary in the axils of the indentations. Rachises and the angular-furrowed stipes fringed sparingly with short scales. Aspidium angulare, Kitaibl. In swamps near the Natal coast. (Gueinzius. Plant.) v. s, 20. Polystichum coriaceum. Schott. Fronds 3-pinnate, coriaceous ; pinnules ovate, wedge-shaped at the base, bluntly serrate, smooth ; lower-ones pinnatifid, upper ones confluent. Sari solitary, placed near the bases of the serratures. Stipes and margined rachises glabrous ; rhizome thick, horizontally creeping, clothed with broad ferruginous scales. Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. Schkuhr, Filic, Tab. 50. Common in moist woody localities all over the Colony, as well as in the forests of Kaffraria and Natal. — v. v. and s, IX. CYRTOMIUM. PRESL. (1 Specics.) 21. Cyrtomium falcatum. Presl. Frowc?5 pinnate, smooth coriaceous ; pinncB shortly stalked, alternate, broad ovate, rounded at the base, falcate, acuminate, distant, blunt, repando-crenate or serrate, the terminal one tri-lobed. Sori globose, copious, scattered. Stipes scaly. Aspidium falcatum. Sw. In the aboriginal forests of British Kaffraria. (Captain Espi- nasse, 1856.) V. s. X. DIDYMOCHL^NA. DESV. (I SpCcics.) 22. Didymochlcena dimidiata. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate, coriaceous ; pinnce approximate stalked, oblong-lanceolate, patent, erect ; pinnules dimidiate obliquely ovate ; the supe- rior margin sinuato-crenate, revolute, soriferous ; the inferior one entire, here and there bristly along the costa. Stipes and 16 rachises, fringed with ferruginous scales. — Linniea, vol. 18, p. 122, Kunze Supplem. to Schkuhr's, Filic, T.84. In moist shady ravines near the great cataract between the Omfondi and Togela Rivers, Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s. IV. ASPLENIACE^. Presl. XI. CYSTOPTERIS. BERNH. (1 Specics.) 23. Cystopteris fragilis. Bernh. Fronds lanceolate 2--pinnate, slender, smooth. PinncE ovate or lanceolate, toothed, lobed or iDinnatificL Segments more or less acute, entire or much dentate. Sori scattered, often crowded and almost confluent. Rachis winged. Stipes glabrous, scaly at base. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 197. Aspidium fragile. Sw. Schkuhr. Icon. Filic. tables 54, 5Q. In a mountain kloof near Bedford (Dr. Atherstone) and in shady places on the Kat River mountains. (Ecklon.) v. s. XII. ATHYRIUM. ROTH. (1 Specics.) *24. Athyrium laxum. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds 2-pin- nate, flaccid, membranaceous. Pinnce alternate remote, ovate-lanceolate acuminate, smooth. Pinnules ovate-oblong, pinnatifid ; their segments incised, serrate, acute. Sori round. RacJdses flexuose, somewhat margined. Stipes long, chafl^y only at the base. In woods and shady places at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s. XIII. BLECHNUM. LIN. (2 Species.) 25. Blechnum radiatum. Presl. Fronds much divided, radiating, stiff". Segments linear, erect, dichotomous, toothed at the apex, perfectly smooth. Stipntes clustered, much longer than the fronds. Rhizome short, scaly at the base, roots fibrous. Adiantum radiatum. Koenig. Acropteris radiata. Link. On rocks at the Magalisberg (Zeyher), and in Griqualand. (Mr. Robt Moffatt.) v. s. * 26. Blechnum Atherstoni. Nob. (N. sp.) Frond pin- nate, coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, rigid, sessile, sub-auriculate cordate, linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly waved at the margins. 17 Loioer p'uuKB remote. Stipes and glabrous rachis destitute ol' scales. This species much resembles and stands close to Blcchnum cartilagineum. Sw. On the southwest of Graham's Town, near the blockhouse. (Dr. Atherstone, 1856.) v. s. XIV. ASPLENIUM. LiN. (29 Specics.) 27. Asplenium (jemmifcrum. Schrad. Fronds pinnate, smooth, membranaceous, often gemmiferous towards the apex. PinncB alternate stalked, lanceolate ovate, elongated, acute, crenate or sub-serrate, obliquely cuneatc and decurrent at base. So?'i oblong distant. Stip^js channelled above and scaly below. Caudex paleaceous. Roots densely clothed with ferruginous shag. Asplenium lacidum, Schlecht. (not Forster), Adumbr., p. 25, table 14, f. 1. In the dense forests of the Knysna, Tsitzikamma, and near the great cataract of the Omzamcaba River (Natal ) v* s. 28. Asplenium Pj'ionites, Kze. Fronds pinnate, ovate, oblong, coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, stalked, patent, lance- olate, acuminate, cuneate at the base, sharply and unequally toothed, glabrous; the lowermost shorter, smaller, almost auricled. Sori oblong, cushioned, often irregular. Stipes angular, rachis winged at the apex, and both of them scaly. Rhizome creeping. Linngea, vol. 10, p. 511. In Blockhouse-kloof, near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone), and in the forests of Natal. (Drege, Gueinzius.) v. s. * 29. Asplenium discolor. Nob. (N. sp.) -Fro7z^5 pinnate lanceolate, elongated, acuminate, membranaceous smooth, sometimes gemmiferous. PinncB alternate, remote, stalked, patent, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, sub-pinnatifid, dark green above, paler beneath, cuneate at base. Segments confluent at the apex, wedge-shaped, obtuse, 2-crenate re- curved, the lowermost remote, decurrent, almost auricled. Sori linear-oblong. The channelled stipes and flexuose mar- ginate rachises sparingly scaly. Asplenium lucidam. Schlecht., var. b. Adumbr., table 14, f. b. In the forests of the Knysna (Miss Dalgairns), Albany (Dr. Atherstone), and in the mountain-woods near Philipstown, Kat River. (Ecklon and Zeyher.) v. s. ^8 '60. AspJenium aimophyllum. Kze. Fronds pinnate, linear* lanceolate, membranaceous. Pinnos, nearly opposite, smaller at both ends, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly serrate and incised, upwardly truncate with an unequal base, wedge- shaped below, decurrent. Bori elliptical, scattered, htipes and winged rachis scaly. Linnsea., vol. 10, p. 511. In shady mountains near the fountains of the Kat River (Ecklon and Zeyher), in British Kaffraria (Capt. Espinasse), and near the great cataract between the Omzamwoobo and Omzamcaba Rivers, Natal. (Drege.) t^. s. 31. Asplenium brachyotus, Kze. Fronds pinnate, lan- ceolate, acuminate, membranaceous. Pinnce stalked lanceolate, more or less falcate, blunt, irregularly and obtusely 2-serrate, sub-auricled and truncate at the base. Sori oblong. The slender stipes, as well as the rachises, downy. Rhizome naked. Linnsea., voL 10, p. 512. Found in the same localities with the former. (Drege, Guein- zius.) V. s, 32. Asplenium protensum, Schrad. Fronds pinnate, erect, coriaceous. Pinnce alternate, distant, patent, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid, unequally cuneate at base. Segments remote, oblong, obtuse, 2-3-toothed ; the lowermost broadest, incised, nearly auricled. Sori numerous, oblong, at length confluent. Stipes and the under side of the fronds downy. Schlecht., Adumb., p. 20, tab. 16. Near rivulets in the forests of the Knysna and the Doekamma ; near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone) ; also at Natal, v. s. 33. Asplenium erectum, Bory. Fronds pinnate, membrana- ceous. Pinnce shortly stalked, lanceolate, sub-falcate, acu- minate, bluntly serrate. Upper pinnce cuneate with an unequal base, and auricled on the upper edge ; lowermost remote, eared at both ends. Sori solitary, placed close to the costa Stipes margined, glossy, smooth. Schlecht., Adumbr., p. 28, tab. 15 . Common in moist, shady, rocky localities throughout the whole colony. V. v. and s. * 34 Asplenium Zeyheri, Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds ^ivm^iie, membranaceous smooth. Pinnce shortly petioled, alternate, sub- falcate, oblong-ovate, bluntly incised, cuneate at the base. Segments obtusely crenate ; the lowermost remote, erect, ob-ovate, cuneate, rounded, notched, auricled. Sori elliptical, irregular, distant. Rachis and channelled stipes not margined. 19 glabrous. Asplenium polymorphum, Eckl. and Zeyli. Herb. (Asplenii erecti var. Kze, Linna3a, vol. 10, p. 513, in note.) Amongst rocks, and in shady ravines, Uitenhage (Dr. Rubidge), near Philipstown, Kat River. (Eckl. and Zeyli.) v. s. 35. Asplenium lumtlatum. S\v. Fronds pinnate, slender, curved. Pinn(B alternate, sub-sessile, patent, oblong-ovate, more or less falcate, blunt, notched, confluent at the apex, truncate and aurlcled at the base. Sori oblong, numerous. Stipes and rachises margined. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 514. In the woods near Uitenhage (Eckl. and Zeyh.) j also at Kat River and Natal. (Drege.) v. s, 36. Aspleniitm monanthemum. Smth. Fronds pinnate, linear lanceolate, erect, smooth. Pinnce oblong-trapeziform, sessile, blunt, truncate at the lower base ; apex and upper margin crenate-serrate. Sori generally solitary, linear, sub- marginal. Stipes almost quadrangular, and, as well as the rachis black, polished. Rhizome tufted. J. E. Smith, Plant. Icon, inedit., tab. 73. Common in shady places in many parts of the colony, v, v.and s, 37. Asplenium ebeneum. Ait. i^?'o?26^5 pinnate, smooth, linear lanceolate. Pinnm sessile, oblong, obtuse ; upper ones auricled, bluntly crenate at the margin ; lower pinnce, cordate, hastate. Sori oblong, approximate. Stipes and rachis smooth, ebenous, glossy. Rhizome creeping. Roots fibrous. In the forests of the Krakakamma, Uitenhage. (Eckl. and Zeyh.) V. s. 38. Asplenium Trichomanes. Lin. Fronds pinnate, slen- der, smooth. Pinnce irregularly oblong-ovate, crenate, truncate and cuneate at the base, and obtuse at the apex. Sori linear, at length confluent, and placed in a single row on each side of the costa. Stipes and rachis purplish-black, glossy. Schkuhr., Filic, t. 74. In rocky, shady places in the Du Toit's Kloof, Swellendam (Drege); near Bedford (Dr. Atherstone); in the Winterberg, Kaffraria. (Eckl, and Zeyher.) c. s, 39. Asplenium dentatum. Lin. Fronds pinnate, glabrous ; pinnce obovate-oblong, blunt, unequally cuneate and attenuate at base ; irregularly and obsoletely toothed on the margins. Willd. Spec. Plant, vol. 5, p. 324. Among rocks on the mountains of the Bosjesmansrand, Natal. (Dr. F. Krauss.) 20 40. Asple?i{um prcBmorsum. Sw. Fronds 2-piniiate, sub« coriaceous ; pinnce pinnate, stalked, patent ; pinnules alternate, oblong-cuneate, truncate, the extreme-one elongated, trifid, the lowermost erect, lobed, auricled, all of them inciso-serrate, striated. Sori linear ; rachises flexuose, not margined ; stipes channelled purple, fringed here and there with short downy- scales. Cttw^ecT creeping, paleaceous; roo^s fibrous. Schkuhr. Filic, t. 29, fig. 1. In the forests of the Tzitsikamma, Uitenhage. (Dr. Krauss) at Natal. (Gueinzius) v. s. 41. Asplenium ruta muraria. Lin. Frond 2-pinnate at the lower, singly pinnate at the upper portion ; pinnce stalked, opposite or alternate, remote; pinnules rhomboid- oblong, cuneate at base, blunt, striated ; crenate and inciso- lobate. Sori confluent. Stipites aggregate, flaccid, flexuose, perfectly smooth. Roots filiform, clothed with ferruginous shag. Willd. Enum. Plant, vol. 5, p. 341. Schkuhr's Filic. tab. 80. b. On the top of Muizenberg mountain, in crevices of rocks (Hon'ble R. W. Rawson, March, 1857.) v. v. and s. 42. A splenium furcatiim. Thbg. Fronds 2-Y^mi?iiQ \, pinnm lanceolate attenuated at the apex ; pinnules distant, cuneate- lanceolate 3-fid and pinnatifid; segments inciso-serrate. Sori linear, confluent. Stipes and rachis clothed below with scaly down. Caudex thickly paleaceous ; rhizome creeping. Very variable in its forms, some of which have been described as distinct species. In woods and shady localities ', very common within the Colony and Natal, v, v. and s. 43. Asplenium fimhriatum. Kze. Fronds sub-2-pinnate, membranaceous, oblong, smooth ; pinncR distant, stalked, ovate-rhomboidal ; pinnules obovate-cuneate, with a cartila- ginous edge, and elevated veins on the upper surface, incised and lobed at the apex ; segments curved, apiculate ; involucres membranaceous ; sori confluent ; rachises and short stipes purplish ; rhizome tufted, paleaceous. Kunze. Linnsea., vol. 18, p. 117. On rocks in the woods between the Ornfondi and Togela Rivers, Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s. 44. Asplenium cuneatum. Lam. Fronds 2-pinnate, mem- branaceous, smooth ; pinnce stalked, pinnate, alternate ; pin- 21 wwZ.^5 obovate-cuneate, blunt, unequally inciso-serrate, striate auriolecl at base ; rachis margined at its upper extremity' Sori linear, often confluent. A\^illcl. Spec. Plant, vol. 5, p." In Blockhouse Kloof, near Graham's Town (Dr. Atherstone also Ecklon and Zeyher). In the forests of Natal (Plant.),' Kaffraria (Capt. Espinasse.) vs. 45. Asplenium solidum. Kze. Fronds sub-2-pinnatilid, lanceolate coriaceous, smooth, glossy; pinme lanceolate-ovate' attenuated ; pianules and segments wedge-shaped, incised' armed with pungent teeth. Sori convex scattered. The margined rachis and furrowed stipes glabrous. Caudex creeping, scaly. Kze. Linntea, vol. 10, p. 520. In the vicinity of Algoa Bay (Forbes), on mountains near Ruig- tevalley, amongst shrubs (Drege); near Alice, (Mr. Stewart) v. s. 46. Asplenium splendens. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate, ovate, acuminated; /j/^zTz^e lanceolate, sharp-pointed, alternate remote, stalked ; lower i/mmdes ovate-rhomboidal, cuneate at base, crenato dentate, more or less lobed and rounded at the apex ; terminal-one elongated incised ; all of them veiny, smooth and glossy above, clothed here and there with blackish scales at the underside. Sori irregular, linear ; base of the stipes, and the rachis paleaceous. Caudex creeping. Linna3a, vol. 10, p. 516. In the woods of the Krakakamma and Kat River. (Ecklon and Zeyher) at Natal. (Plant.) v. s. 47. Asplenium Adiantum nigrum. Lin. Fronds 2-3- pinnate coriaceous, glossy; u\)])Qy pinnce pinnatifid, uppermost confluent, lower ones 2-pinnatifid ; segments obliquely cuneate, acutely toothed. Sori linear elongate, at length confluent. Stipes purple, ebenous. Caudex thick, tufted. Schlecht. Adumb. p. 31, Tab. 17. A. argutum Bory. On walls, amongst rocks, &c., in many parts of the Colony. — V. V. and s. 48. Asplenium aspidioides. Schlecht. Fronds 2-3-pinnate smooth ; pinnce stalked, patent, lanceolate ; pinnules ovate lanceolate, pointed, wedge-shaped and pinnatifid at the base ; segments more or less 2-deutatc. Sori solitary, oblong ; 22 rachises and the angular, striped stipes scaly. Schlecht, Adumbr., p. 24, t. 13. Within the Colony, at places unknown. (Bergius. Mundt.) and in a swampy forest near Port Natah (Gueinzius.) * 49. Asplenium lohatum. Nob., n. sp. Fronds 2-pinnate, membranaceous ; pinnce alternate, shortly stalked, ovate- oblong, obtuse ; pinnules obovate-cuneate, inciso-crenate, the basal-one broader, remote, 3-lobed. Sort oblong-ovate, con- fluent; partial rachises margined, smooth ; stipes slightly scaly. In woods of British Kaifraria (Captain Espinasse), Albany (Mr. Hutton and Dr. Atherstone), in the Tzitsikamma (Dr. Rubidge.) v. s. * 50. Asplenium gracile, Nob. n. sp. Fronds 2-pinnate, membranaceous, smooth ; pinncB alternate, stalked, patent, ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex; pinnules obovate-cuneate decurrent, bluntly incised, upper-ones confluent, lowermost broader, auricled, stalked. Sori solitary, remote, irregular, elliptical. The channelled stipes and flexuose winged rachises perfectly naked In the primaeval forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v, s, 51. Asplenium Dregeanum, Kze. Fronds pinnate linear- lanceolate, acute, membranaceous, smooth ; pinnce alternate short-stalked, obliquely sub-ovate blunt, those of the apex smaller, cuneate-obovate ; all of them truncate and more or less auricled at the upper, quite entire at the lower base ; inciso-pinnatifid at top and the upper margin ; segments oblong, rounded, incised, the lowermost wedge-shaped, 2-3- fid. Sori solitary ; stipes short ; rachis partly flexuose, sub- margined, scaly. Caudex creeping. Kze. Linn^ea, vol. 10, p. 517. Suppl. to Schkuhr, Tab. 27. In a shady valley on a cataract near the Omzamcaba River, Natal. (Drege) v. s. 52. Asplenium Thunhergii, Kze. Fronds pinnate, linear lanceolate acuminated, membranaceous ; pinnce alternate, ovate-oblong, deeply pinnatifid, erect, somewhat curved, \)\\xTit', segments oblong-cuneate, entire; lower ones 2-fid; lowermost broad lobed. Sori solitary, linear-oblong, sub- marginal ; stipes short, channelled ; rachis margined. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 517. Ccenopteris auriculata Thbg. Darea auriculata "Willd. In forests at Natal, (Gueinzius.) v. s. 23 53. Asplenium Odontites, K. Br. Frond pinnate ; pinn(B alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, pinnatifid ; segments remote, linear lanceolate, acute ; the inferior ones 2-fid. Sori sub- marginal. E. Brown. Prodrom. Flor, Nov. Holland, p. 151. CcBuopteris Odontites. Thbg. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 82. Found by Thunberg ; locality not recorded. 54. Asplenium stans. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate, glabrous ; pinnce deeply pinnatifid, almost opposite ; segments spathulate- linear, obtuse, lower ones 2-partite. Sori sub-marginal ; rachis winged. Stipes compressed, nearly 4-angular, smooth. Caudex sub-globose, clothed with stiff, acute, imbricated, blackish-brown scales. Kunze. Linn^ea., vol. 10, p. 521. Ccenopteris furcata. Berg. Darea stans. Bory. In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, and Kaffraria. V. s. 55. Asplenium rutcefolium. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate, smooth; pinnce and pinnules alternate, remote ; the inferior pinnules deeply pinnatifid ; the middle ones 2-3-partite ; terminal ones simple ; segments linear, obtuse. Sori sub-marginal ; rachis not winged, ^S^zjoe^ compressed, glabrous. Caudex palQuceo-aa. Kze. Linnaea., vol. 10, p. 521. Ccenopteris rutcefolia. Berg. Darea rutcefolia, Willd. In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, and Natal, v. s, XV. CETERACH. WILLD. (3 Specics.) 56. Ceterach officinarum. Willd. Fronds pinnatifid ; the segments oblong, obtuse, thickly covered at the underside with entire, rufous scales. Willd. Spec. Plant., vol. 5, p. 136. Schkuhr. Filic. tab. 7, f. b. In crevices of rocks near the Baviaan's River. (Krebs.) 57. Ceterach capensis. Kze. Fronds pinnate or pinnatifid, oblong, obtuse; the pinnce. and segments decurrent, ovate oblong, blunt, crenate, incised, sub- cordate at the auricled base, and clothed beneath (as well as the flexuose rachis and the stipes) with rufous scales. Kze. Linnasa, vol. 10, p. 496. Qymnogramme cordata. Hook. & Grev. Icon. Filic, tab. 156. On rocks and walls near Cape Town ; also at the entrance of the forests near Olifant's Hoek and Bushman's River (Uitenhage) ; at the stems of old trees in Albany ; at the Kat River, etc. v, v. and s. 24 58. Ceterach cordata. Kze. Fronds pinnate ; pinnce ses- sile, cordate, oblong, orenate or iobecl, paleaceous beneath ; the inferior pinncB small, more remote ; lobes rounded, crenate- dentate. Kze. Linnasa., vol. 10, p. 497. Gymnogramme cordata. Schlecht. Adumbr. p. 16. Amongst rocks in almost all parts of South Africa, v, v and s. XVI. SCOLOPENDKIUM. SM. (1 species). 59. '^colopendriinn Krebsii. Kze. Fronds coriaceous? lanceolate, acuminate pinnate. Pinnct sessile, cordate, and auricled at base, lanceolate, acute, falcate, margined, and reflexed at the margin ; lower pinna smaller, ovate ; ter- minal-ones confluent. Involucres and son oblique, placed near the mid-rib. Stijjes short, angular, scaly at its base. Rhizome horizontally creeping, paleaceous. Kunze Linnaea, vol. 18, p. 119. Sui^pl. to Schkuhr, Filic, tab. 74. In moist, shady places, and between rocks, near Graham's Town (Krebs. & Dr. Atherstone) ; in the forests of Natal (Guein- zius) V. s. V. DAYALLTACE^. Gaudich. XVII. MICEOLEPIA. TKESL. (1 SpecicS.) 60. Microlepia polypodioides. Presl. Fronds ovate or deltoid, acuminate, 3-pinnate, flaccid, more or less hairy or downy, especially on the veins and costse beneath. Primary pinnce and lower secondary ones acuminate, distant. Pinnules oblong or rhomboid-lanceolate, blunt, deeply pinnatifid. Lobes ovate or ob-ovate, entire or irregularly inciso-lobate, or again pinnatifid, sub-oblique, very obtuse. Sori large usually solitary on the entire lobes, several, on the pinnatifid-ones, and in the sinuses within the margin. Involucres small, half cup- shaped, smooth. Rachis downy on the underside. Hook, Spec. Filic, vol. l,p. 181. Davallia polypodioides, Don, In the forests of the Magalisberg. (Zeyher.) v. s. XVIII. DAVALLIA. SM. (2 Species.) 61. Davallia nitidula, Kze. Fronds triangular sub- coriaceous, nearly glabrous, paler beneath, sub-3-partite, 3-pinnate ; piiina^ alternate, stalked, patent, ovate, pointed, slightly curved; lowermost remote, nearly opposite ; secondary pinnules from a cuneate base unequally ovate, obtuse, pinna- tifid or incised; segments cuneate-oblong, retuse or sub- 26 marginate, and sub-incised at tlie apex, bearing ^w/; involucres obovate, truncate; radiis and stipes fiexuose, glabrous; caudex creeping, chaffy. Kunze. Linnjea., vol. 10, p. 54o. Suppl. to Schkhr. Filic, tab. 75, f, 2. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 165, tab. 44, f. A. In shady and rocky localities at Natal. (Drege, Gueinzius.) v. s, 62. DavalUa concinna, Schrad. Fronds lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, curved, coriaceous, glabrous above, clothed benealh v^ith scattered brown scales, more or less deeply pinnate- pmnatifid ; pinncB alternate, patent, ovate-cuneate at base ; segments linear-spathulate, curved, margined ; margin thick- ened, reflexed, retuse, 2 or 3 fid ; sort and involucres semi- orbicular ; rachis flattened, costate, margined ; stipes short, ascending ; caudex creeping, densely covered with brown, rigid scales. Hook. Spec. Fil., p. 193 D. campyloptcra, Kunze. Linnaea., vol. 10, p. 544. Suppl. to Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 75, f. 1. On the trunks of old trees in Plettenberg's Bay, George (Drege.) and in Blockhouse Kloof, Albany (Dr. Atherstone.) v. s. XIX. LINDSvEA. DRY AND, (1 SpecicS.) 63. LindscBa ensifolia. Sw. Firm and rigid. Caudex Yery short, creeping. Stipes (as well as the rachis) glabrous, as long as, or longer than the pinjiatid frond. Pinnce 5-13 linear- ensiform or lanceolate, patent, erect, sub-membranaceous ; sterile ones sub-serrate ; veins reticulated. Sorus continuous round the margin. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 1, p. 220. Lindscea membranacea. Kze. Linn^ea, vol. 18, p. 121. Schizoloma ensifolium. J. Smith. At the base of high trees in the forests of Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s, YI. ADIANTACEiE. Presl. XX. PTERis. LIN. (5 Species.) 64. Pteris pedata. Wiild, Fronds deeply lobed, pedate, cori- aceous, smooth, dark green above. Lobes pinnatifid, acute ; lateral ones parted in two, the lowermost reflexed. Stipes round, slightly pubescent at base, and, as well as the rachiscs, ebenous, glossy. Rhizome descendent. Roots fibrous. AVilld. Sp. Plantar., vol. 5, p. 358. Near Tamacha-post (Kaflraria), and along the sources of the Kat River (Eckl. & Zeyher) ; also at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s. Presl refers this to Litohrachia ; but none of the South African specimens we have seen, show the venation of that genus. 26 65. Pteris cretica, Lin. Fronds either ternate or pinnate, glabrous. PinncB opposite acuminate ; the lower ones more or less stalked, often 2-fid ; middle ones confluent, sub- decurrent; terminal pinna \vinQQo\viiQ 2>-^di \ sterile pinnce lan- ceolate, serrate at the sub-cartilaginous edge ; fertile ones linear, entire. Caudex destitute of scales. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 40. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 90. Pteris Serraria, S\v. On the wood-clad mountains of Swellendam, George, and Uitenhage, at the Kat River, in the Winterberg, and at Natal, v s. 66. Pteris arguta. Sw. Fronds 2-pinnatifid, glabrous; pinnce pinnatifid, lanceolate-ovate, falcate, acuminate, patent ; upper ones ^q^^Wq, somewhat decurrent; lower o?ies stalked ; segments lanceolate-oblong, sub-falcate, acutely serrate at the apex ; basal ones irregularly 3-4-lobed. Sori placed at the inferior half of the segments below the serratures; margin of involucre entire ; rachises and stipes naked, very smooth. Schlecht. Adumb, p. 43. Pteris Jiahellulata, Thbg. (?) In shady mountain localities ; common in all parts of the colony, as well as at Natal. ^*. v, and s. 67. Pteris catoptera, Kze. Fronds pinnate, membrana- ceous, smooth, somewhat pale on the under surface ; pinncR sub-sessile; segynents confluent (bearing short, stipule-like spines on the mid-rib of the upper side), oblong-linear, blunt, entire ; rachises, ribs, and stipes glabrous, straw-coloured. Kze. Linnaea., vol. 18, p. 119. Pteris biaurita, Kze. Lin- naea., voL 10, p. 436. In the forests of Natal (Drege, Gueinzius) ; at the Magahsberg. (Zeyher.) v. s, 68. Pteris incisa, Thbg. Fronds 2-pinnate, membrana- ceous, glabrous ; pinnce opposite, sessile, many-yoked ; pin- nides lanceolate, pale underneath ; lower ones opposite, pinnatifid; terminal ones con^xxQut', ^e-^mew^^ lanceolate-ovate, sinuate or entire ; stipes round, stramineous. Schlecht. Adumb., p. 44. Thunb. Flora Capens., p. 733. On the Devil's Mountain near the waterfall ; in shady ravines at Hottentots' Holland ; in the Du Toit's Kloof, etc. v. v. and s. This Fern has not the venation of Litobrachiay to which genus it is referred by Presl. 27 21. LOMARIA. WILLJ). (H Specicd.) 69. Lomaria capensis. Willd. Fronds pinnate, nienibrana- ceous; sterile pinim approximate, sessile, obliquely cordate, lan- ceolate, notched, aciitiiinate, not decurrent, smooth ; fertile ones linear, crenate, miicronate; ribs and ^^z^c-s furrowed, paleaceous. Caudex covered with large, broad, lanceolate, acute, ferru- ginous scales. Blechnum capense. Schlecht. xVdumb., p. 34 tab. 18. Common in moist, shady places and near rivulets ; on the Table and Devil's Mountains, and in many parts of the colony, v. v. and s. 70. Lomaria Boryana. Willd. Fronds pinnate, coria- ceous ; sterile pinncE alternate, remote, narrow, linear-lance- olate, entire, attenuated ; loioer ones stalked ; upper ones adnate, cuneate at base, decurrent ; all of them smooth and opaque on the upper surface, pale, and clothed with ferru- ginous scaly wool beneath ; fertile pinnce stalked, linear, erect, involute; rachis furrowed, very wooly in the upper half; involucres continuous, rent and articulated at length. Stipes long, surrounded at its base by awl-shaped, comose, twnsted, ferruginous scales. Blechnum Boryanum. Schlecht. Adunib., p. 35, tab. 19. Lomaria coriacea. Schrad. (not Kze). Lomaria cinnamomea. Kaulf. Enum. Filic, p. 153. In the forests of the Krakakamma, Uitenhage, and uenr the Kat River (Eckl. and Zeyher); in the DuToit's Kloof. ( Drege ) o s *71. Lomaria Dalgairnsice. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds })innate, membranaceous ; sterile j)inncB alternate, remote, sessile, lanceolate- oblong, narrowed at both ends, pale beneath, glabrous ; terminal ones confluent at their bases ; fertile pinnce linear, straight, erect, sharp-pointed; involucres involvent, lacerato-ciliate. Stipes and rachiscs clothed with wooly, ferru- ginous scales. In the dense forests of the Knysna. (Miss Dalgairns, 185(5.) c. s This appears to be the Fern collected by Drege in the Da Toit's Kloof, and noticed by Kunze (binnaea, vol. 10, p. 50(3) as a variety of L. Boryana. It does not, however, answer satistdctorily to the short diagnosis, and seems to be distinct. 72. Lomaria heterophylla. Desv. Fronds pinnate, cori- aceous, smooth ; sterile pinnce rigid, alternate, broad at base, adnate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sub-flilcate, entire, patent, F 28 erlaiicous ; margin clotted, revolute ; lowermost small, remote, oMong, cnneate, rounded ; terminal one often pinnatifid ; Jertile pinnce narrow, linear, sliar))-pointed ; involucres more or less gnawed. Stipes and the creeping caudex paleaceous. Blechnum heterophyllum. Schlecht. Adumb. p. 37, tab. 20 and 22, fig. 1. Lomaria gigantea and Z. hamata. Kaulf., 1. c, p. 150. In the bushes at the foot of Table Mountain, Kirstenbosch (Bers^ius) ; in forests of George (Drege.) ; Albany (Dr.Ather- stone) ; and Natal (Gueinzius.) v. s. * 73 Lomaria cycadoides. Nob. (N. sp.) Fronds pin- nate, coriaceous ; j)inncB alternate, remote, erect, sessile, Sflabrous, auricled at base ; sterile ones lanceolate, oblong, blunt, very veiny, revolute, glossy, entire, dotted at the marorin ; fertile pinnce linear-lanceolate, recurved at the apex ; rachises and angular stipes smooth ; caudex scaly, comose. In the woods of Natal. (Plant No. 335.) v. s. A sterile specimen of the same Fern, from Madagascar, is pre- served in Dr. Pappe's collection. 74. Lomaria attenuata. Willd. Sterile fronds \)mn^\\^A\ seqments lanceolate-oblong, attenuate, acuminate, entire, the uppermost elongated; fertile pinnce pinnate; jjinnce Wuqkv \ involucres torn, denticulated; caudex oblique, clothed with long, ferruginous scales. Willd. Spec. Plantar., vol. 5, p. 290. Kze. Linn^a., vol. 18, p. 116. In shady places at Natal. (Gueinzius ) 75. Lomaria inflexa, Kze. Fronds pinnate, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth ; sterile pinnce adnate, alternate, approx- imate, patent, somewhat auricled, oblong, falcate, blunt, pale at the underside ; fertile pinnce stalked, erect, linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, curvato-inflexed ; rachis purple, paleacous. Stipes short, dark-purple, ebenous, surrounded at base by large subulate, lanceolate, brown scales. Kunze. Linnaea., vol. 18, p. 117. Suppl. to Schkuhr's Filic, tab. 65. In moist places at Natal. (Gueinzius.) v. s. 76. Lomaria punctulata. Kze. Fronds pinnate, glabrous ; sterile pinnce alternate, sessile, sub-imbricated, linear-lance- olate, auriculato-cordate, acuminate, sub-falcate, entire, re- flexed and dotted at the margins ; loivermost pinnce smaller, oblong, obtuse ; fertile pitince patent, remote, linear, mucronate. 29 Stipes short, scaly at Its base. Blechnum punctulatum. Schlecht. Adumbr., p. 37, tab. 21 and 22, fig. 2. Lomaria densa. Kaulf., 1. c, p. 151. Common in moist, shady places throughout the colony and Natal V. V. and s. 77. Lomaria jmmila, Kaulf. Fronds pinnate, smooth; stejnle pinnoe alternate, sessile, oblong, obtuse, submucronate, auriculato-cordate, scabrous at the margins; fertUe ones linear-lanceolate, falcate, mucronate. Stipes short, and at its base, as well a^ the creeping caudex paleaceous. Kaulf. Enum. Filic, p. 151. Blechnum australe. Schlecht., p 38. Schkuhr., Filic, tab. 110, b. Common between rocks and moist mountainous spots in ahnost all parts of the colony; also at Natal, v. v. and s. 78. Lomaria Spicant. Desv. F/'w/if/s pinnate, destitute of scales ; sterile pinnce lanceolate, pectinato-pinnatifid ; segments alternate, linear-lanceolate, rather blunt, entire, somewhat falcated, the lowermost rounded, short, remote, uppermost confluent ; fertile innnce pinnate ; pinncs linear, narrow, acu- minate ; involucres curled. Stipes scaly at base. Blechnum horeale. Lin. Schlecht. Adunib., p. 38. Schkuhr. Filic, tab. 110. Found somewhere'in the colony. (Mr. Riche.) * 79. Lomaria decipiens. Nob. N. sp. (?) Sterile fronds deeply pinnatifid, smooth ; segments alternate, oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; loioer ones short, rounded ; terminal one elongated, lanceolate, acuminate; all of them dotted at the margin. Fertile fronds unknown. A puzzling species, and perhaps the juvenile plant of Lomaria heteropht/da, Desv., but very close also to L. Spicant. Near Graham's Town, parasitical on the candex ot Jlsophda capensis (Dr. A.therstone), and between crevices of rocks near the mouth of the Klein liiver, Caledon. (Zeyher.) v. s. XXII. CAMPTERIA. PRESL. (1 SpecieS.) 80. Campteria biaurita. Hook. Fronds pinnate, mem- branaceous, smooth ; pinncB, sub-opposite, sessile, pinnatifid, lanceolate oblong, acute (bearing short stipule-like spines on the midrib of the upperside), lowermost 2-partite ; segments confluent, oblong, blunt and rounded at the apex, all ot them 30 quite entire. Stipes glossy, stramineous. Campteria Rottle- riuna. (Presl.?) Pteris nemuralis. Willd. (?) In shady localities and clifts. Magalisberg. (Zeyher.) ; in the forests of Natal. (Plant.) v. s. Very like Pteris Catoptera. Kze., but sufficiently different by the venation. XXIII. ALLOSORUS. BERNH. (8 Species.) 81. Allosorus hastatus. Presl. Fronds 2 or sometimes 3- pinnate at the lower extremity ; pinnce and pinnules stalked, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, blunt, eared, or 3-lobed at base, notched, smooth or downy at the rihs, crenate and revolute at the margin. Stipes half round, channelled on the upper side, glabrous, glossy or paleaceous, and covered at its base with large linear-acute black-purplish scales. Pteris auricu- lata. Thbg. Pteris hastata. Schlecht. Adumb., page 42. Cheilanthes liastata. Kze. Linngea, vol. 10, p. 532. In the forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, &c. V. s. Of this very variable Fern, the following two are the most striking forms. 1st var. macrophylla. Kze. Fronds pinnate, or some- times 2-i3innate at base ; pinnce and pinnules ovate, cordate, or sub-hastate, somewhat falcate, auricled, very smooth, often 3 J inches long and 2^ inches broad. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 532. In the aboriginal forests of the Krakakamma. (Ecki. & Zey- her), and at Natal (Gueinzius. Plant.) v. s. 2nd var. stenophylla. Kze. Fronds 2-pinnate ; pinncR and pinnules linear-lanceolate, acuminate, narrow, hastate, middle lobe elongated, nearly two inches long ; petioles short, and as well as the rachises, downy. Kze. Linnaea, 1. c. p. 533. Pteris hastcefolia. Schrad. Near Philipstown, Kat River. (Eckl. &Zeyh.) v. s. 82. Allosorus Calomelanos. Presl. i^ro7z^.-labrou8, polished. Hook. Spec. Filic. vol. 2, p. 36., tab. 74, B. Between rocks on Tnble Mountain, &c ; also in the woods near the Kat River, and at Natal, v v. and s. 91. Adiantum aethiopicimi. Lin. Frond 3-4-pinnate oblong-ovate, membranaceous, smooth : pinnules sub-orbicular, obliquely cuneate at base, stalked ; superior margin more or lesslobed ; notches of the lobes soriferous; sori large, involu- cres oblong-lunate. Stipes slender, compressed ; rachis eben- ous, glabrous, glossy. Caudex fibrous. Hook., 1. c, p. 37, tab. 77 A. ' 1 ' Common in moist, shady places in all parts of the colony, v. v. and s. XXVI. CHEILANTHES. SW. (16 SpCcies.) 92. Chcilanthes pteroides. S\v. Fronds 3-pinnate, coria- ceous, smooth; pinnce and pinmdes remote, the latter stalked, cordate, elliptical, obtuse, crenate, opaque ; involucres contig- uous, sub-round membranaceous, extending over the whole margin. Stipes and rachises woolly at their axils, stout, cben- ous, glossy. Caudex creeping, scaly. Hook., Spec. Filic. vol. 2, p. 80, tab. 101, A. Adiantum pteroides. Lin. In shady, damp places, and between rocks near Cape Town, the Paarl, Tiilbagh, &c ; also at Natal, v. v. and s. 93. Cheilanthes capensis. Svv. Fronds 2-3-pinnate, del- toid, membranaceous, smooth ; pinnules adnate, decurrent, ovate, or oval-oblong, crenate-dentate, rarely pinnatifid ; involucres fringed at the margin ; sori numerous, approximate. Stipes ebenous, shining, scaly. Caudex creeping, paleaceous. Adiantum cnpense. Thbg. & Kze. Hypolepis capensis. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 2, p. 71, tab. 77, c'. In shady localities between rocks in many parts of the colony. V. V and s. 94. Cheilanthes midtijida. S\v. Frond 3, below 4-pinnate, deltoid-ovate, acute, coriaceous, glabrous; primary pinnce rather opposite, broad-ovate, sub deltoid, stalked ; pinnules or segments oblong, pinnatifid, lobes sub-round, each bearing 2-4 involucres. Stipes and rachises brittle, deej) ebony, black, glossy. Caudex clothed with black subulate scales. Hook. \. c, p. 90, tab. 100, b. In rocky and stony places in most parts of South Africa. V, V, and s. 34 * 95. Cheilauthes refracta. Nob. (N. sp.) Frond 2-3- pinuate, deltoid, rigid, perfectly smooth ; pinnce alternate, remote, deltoid-ovate, patent, upper ones sub-sessile, middle and lower ones stalked ; petioles more or less reflexed ; pinnules lanceolate-oblong, sessile, confluent at the ape^, and as well as the intermediate ones crenate ; loicermost distant, pinnatifid. Stipes short, half round, channelled on the upper side, flexuose, and like the rarhises, glossy. In Griqiialand (Mr. Robert Moffatt, 1857). v. s. 96. Cheilanthes triangula. Kze. Frond 3-pinnate, tri- angular, coriaceous, smooth; pinnce and pinnules remote, patent, stalked ; secondary pinnules or lobes oblong, obtuse, sinuate, lobate, margined ; the margin inflexed, crenate ; involucres marginal ; sori contiguous. Stipes and rachises flexuose, stiff, purple, slightly hairy. Caudex short. Kze. Linntea, vol. 10, p, 535. Hook. 1. c, p. 91. Rocky places in the Sneeuwbergen, Witbergen and Compasberg. (Drege) in similar localities at Natal. (Dr. F. Krauss.) v. s. 97. Cheilanthes Bergiana. Schlecht. Fronds 3-pinnate membranaceous, sparingly hairy on both sides ; primary pinnce ovate, sub-acuminate ; secondary ones rather obtuse ; pinnules and primary lobes subovate, almost oblique, entire, or })innatifid ; involucres small, situated at the inner margin of the lobe. Stipes and primary rachises deep purple, black, and as well as the secondary rachises and ribs clothed with rusty hairs. Schlecht. Adumbr., p. 51. Hypolepis Bergiana, Hook. 1. c. p. 67. In thickets and at the borders of the forests in the Swellendam, George, and Uitenhage districts; also at Kat River and Natal, v. s. 98. Cheilanthes elata. Kze. Frond 4-pinnate-pinnatifid, S-anorular, membranaceous ; pinnce and primary pinnules stalked, remote, erect, and as well as the secondary ones sub- sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; tertiary ones oblong, blunt, sinuate, or inciso-pinnatifid, slightly clothed with whitish hairs ; sori and involucres semi-orbiculate. Stipes and rachises flexuose, rough, covered with reddish chaffy hairs. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 542. Hypolepis elata. Hook, 1. c, p. 67. In woods at Koratra (Drege.) 99. Cheilanthes hirta, Sw. Froiid 2-3-pinnate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sub-coriaceous, hairy on both sides ; 35 primary piniKB lanceolate, lower ones opposite, distant ; pin- nules oblong or pinnatificl-ovate or crenulate, the lobes with the margins recurved, soriferous ; sori numerous, confluent. Stipes short, purplish-brown, glossy, very hairy, and more or less glandular, shaggy at the base with long subulate scales. Caudex almost creeping ; roots tufted. Schlecht Adumbr. p. 50. Kze. Linntea., vol. 10, p. 539. Hook, 1. c, p. 92, tab 101, b. Extremely changeable m form, according to the very different habitats of the species. The following are the principal varieties enumerated by Kunze, 1. c. 1st var. contracta. Frond 2-pinnate, rather rigid, often curved; pinnules approximate, oblong, erect; larger pin- nules folded, and thickly clothed with rufous shag ; stipes and caudex more or less smooth at base. 2nd var. intermedia. Frond 2-pinnate ; pinnw short, ovate, and as well as the minute and plane pinnules approxi- mate ; base of the stipes and caudex closely surrounded by long scales. 3rd var. laxa. Frond 2-3-pinnate ; pinnce and pinnules oblong-lanceolate, plane, remote, pinnatifid and incised; stipes and rachises fringed with rufous hairs. Notholcena capensis. A. Sprengel. Suppl. ad. Lin. Syst. Yegetab. p. 32. 4th var. parviloba. Frond 2-3-pinnate, calvescent, pinnce lanceolate, elongated, distant ; pinnules sub 3-lobed or auricled at base ; lobes obtuse, convolute, middle one linear- oblong ; stipes slightly paleaceous at base ; rachis paleaceo- hirsute. Cheilanthes parviloba, Sw. In rocky, shady, or open situations, and widely diffused over the whole of South Africa. ^. ^?. and s. * 100. Cheilanthes glandulosa. Nob. (N. sp.) Fro?id 2-3- pinnate, sub-coriaceous, linear-lanceolate ; primary pinn(F remote, sub-opposite at base, alternate above, erect, pinnate, shortly stalked, oblong-ovate, obtuse, rough and opaque on the upper, paler and almost smooth on the under surface ; pinnules subsessile, oblong, deeply lobed, blunt ; lobes with the margins recurved, soriferous; sori copious, confluent. Stipes and rachises purple, fringed with delicate glandular shag. Related to tte preceding species, and very like C. hirta var. laxa. Kze. It seems however to be different. In Griqualand (Mr. Robert Moffatt, 1857.) v. s. 101. Cheilanthes induta. Kze. Frojid sub 4-pinnate, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; pimicB rather remote, stalked, ascending ; pinnules shortly stalked, ovate, secondary oblong tertiary, and the segments roundish-ovate, all glabrous above, paleaceo- hirs ate beneath; involucres m^v^m2i\, crenulate, and as well as the sori continuous. Stipes flexuose, sparingly, and the rachises densely paleaceo-hirsute, purple. Caudex creeping. Kze. Linnsea, vol. 10, p. 538. Hook., 1. c, p. 92, tab. 102, A. In rocky, shady places in the Sneeuwbergen (Drege.) 102. Cheilanthes deltoidea. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate pin- natifid, 3-angular, sub-coriaceous, smooth ; pinnce. obliquely ovate ; pinnules and seymeiits ovate, obtuse, with the cuneate base decurrent. Stipes smooth; rachises margmed ; involucres marginate, crenulated, continuous. Sori broad. Kze. Linnaea, voh 10, p. 535. Hook, 1. c, p. 106. In the fissm-es of the rocks near Silverfontein, Little Namaqua- land (Drege.) v, s. 103. Cheilanthes profusa. Kze. Frond pinnate, oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, sub-coriaceous ; pinnm often opposite, smooth, uppermost lanceolate, approximate, sub-connate, entire; lower ones ovate or deltoid, remote, acuminated, shortly stalked, deeply pinnatifid or sometimes pinnate at their bases ; pinnules and segments lobed or pinnatifid ; costce hispid ' with narrow subulate scales ; involucres continuous. Stipes and rachises hispid with paleaceous scales. Roots creeping, scaly. Kze. Linnaea, vol. 10, p. 535. Suppl. to Schkuhr's, Filic, tab. 17. Hook, 1. c, p. 108. Between rocks near Silverfontein (Drege) on Karroo-like hills at Buffeljagdsriver and Rietkuil, (Zeyher.) v. s, 104. Cheilanthes cornuta. Kze. Frond 2-pinnate, linear- lanceolate ; pinnce ovate approximate, the lowermost sub- opposite, stalked ; pinnules sessile, sub-ternate, 2-3-fid, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous. Sori at length diffused. Stipes and rachis rio-id, naked. Kze. Linnsea, vol. 10, p. 534. Hook, 1. c, p.''l09. Near Hex River, Worcester f Eckl, & Zeyh.), and on dry stony hills near Enon, and the litde Fish River (Drege.) v. s. 37 105. Cheilanthes Atherstoni. Hook. Frond 4-pmnate, del- toid, glabrous ; primary pinnce ovate-deltoid, and as well as the secondary and tertiary pinnce, stalked ; the lower ones distant, the upper ones more approximate ; pinnules sessile, oblong, entire or pinnatifid in their lower half; involucres formed of the inflexed margins of the pinnules, pale and membranaceous at the edge, generally continuous; the edge more or less crenate or lobed. Stipes and principal rachis purple, ebenous, glossy. Hook, 1. c, p. 107. In the district of Somerset (Dr, Atherstone.) 106. Cheilanthes Jirma. T. Moore. Frond 3-4-pinnate, smooth, coriaceous, pentagonal acuminate, \-\^ feet long ; inferior pinnules of the lower pinnne obliquely deltoid ; ;:>ri- mary piancB of lowest inferior pinna3, pinnate, ovate-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, the segments oblong, bluntish, with notched margins ; the lowest secondary pinnules stalked, the interme- diate ones either stalked or sessile, lanceolate-oblong, scarcely pinnatifid ; the uppermost ones connate, pointed. Stipes and rachises smooth, brown, shining, channelled. Sort continuous; involucres lobed, crenate. T. Moore, in Hook., Journ. of Bo- tan, and K. G. Miscellany, vol. 5, p. 225. According to Mr. Moore, nearly related to C. Atherstoni, Hook. On the sides of mountain streams. Natal (Plant.) 107. Cheilanthes linearis. T. Moore. Frond 4-pinnate, deltoid, coriaceous smooth, 6 inches high ; ultimate pinnules all distinct, small, linear, obtuse, the terminal one of the same form ; sori numerous ; involucres continuous, narrow, slightly waved. Stipes and rachises round behind, plane and margined in front, purple, glossy. T. Moore, 1. c, p. 226. In rocky places near Impafane, Natal (Plant.) XXVII. HYPOLEPIS BERNH. (2 SpCcIeS.) 108. Hypolepis anthriscifolia. Presl. Fronds 3-pinnate, hairy on the mid-rib and veins beneath, membranaceous ; primary pinnce oblong-ovate, acuminate; secondary ones broad, oblong ; pinnules linear-oblong, sub-falcate, deeply pinnatifid ; segments small, entire or toothed, bearing solitary sori in the inner margin ; involucres squamiform. Stipes and rachises glabrous. Cheilanthes sparsisora Schr. C. commutata, Kze. Linna^a, vol. 10, p. 542. Hook. Spec. Filic, vol. 2, p. m, tab. 95. A. In the forests near Plettenberg's Bay, in the Zuurbergeii (Albany), at Natal (Plant, No. 369), &c. v. s. 38 109. Hypolepis aspera, Prl. Fronds S-pinnate, sub- coriaceous ; primary pinncB alternate, lanceolate, curved, erect, stalked ; pinnules sub-sessile or shortly petioled, lance-shaped, pinnatifi do incised ; 5^hag at its lower extremity. Pinna', opposite, sessile, lanceolate, niar- ginate, very veiny, obtuse, unequal at base and dccurrent on the inferior side; lowermost pinnce subpctiolatc, patent, all <»( 54 them slightly waved, reflexed, aod obsoletely toothed at the edges ; midrib stout, rigid, prominent on both surfaces ; veins divergent, parallel, forked once or twice near the costa. Rachis doubly channelled at the upper extremity. Flowers unisexual, without either calyx or corolla, and col- lected in stalked, terminal, resiniferous cones ; peduncle round, furrowed, spirally twisted, tomentose. Male cone 3| inches long and two inches thick, formed of numerous imbricated, rigid scales which bear on their lower or inner side innu- merable, irregularly grouped anthers or one-celled pollen-cells which are longitudinally split. Scales broad, 3-angular, con- nate and appressed at base, blunt, serrato-crenate at the margin, smooth on the inner, densely clothed with thick fulvous felt on the outer surface. Female cone oblong-ovate, broad, 3 inches long, 4 inches in circumference. Scales like those of the male plant, but larger^ concave wdthin, saccate, and perforated on each side of the base by a small roundish aperture or sinus, which is destined for the insertion of the ovules. Eipe fruit hitherto unknown.* * The description of the female cone was drawn from an immature spe- cimen. •' I find it impossible," says Mr, Plant (who sent it from Natal) " to preserve the female cones if suffered to reach a larger size on the plant. The process of ripening goes on till tlie whole falls to pieces." INDEX PAGE 1' VOE Acropteris radiata, Lin. 16 Asplenium Dregeanum, Kze. 22 Acrostichura angustatuni, Schr. 44 „ ebeneum. Ait. 19 „ conforme, Sw. 44 „ erectum, Bory. .. 18 „ insequale, Willd. 44 „ fimbriatum, Kze. 20 Adiantura sethiopicuin ; Lin. 33 „ flexuosum, Schrad. 51 „ auriculatum, Thhg. 31 ,. furcatum, Thbg. 20 Caffrorum, Tlibg. ' 46 „ geraraiferum, Schrad. 17 ,. capense, Thbg. .. 33 „ gracile 22 „ capillus Veneris, Lin. 32 „ lobatum 22 „ pteroides, Lin. 33 „ lucidum, Schleclit. I7 „ radiatum, Koenig 16 „ lunulatum, Sw. .. H) „ rotundatum, Kze. 52 „ monanthemum, Sniitl .19 thalictroides, Willd. 52 Odontites, R. Br. 23 AUosorus andromedsefoliuSjKaulf. 31 „ polymorphum, Eckl. „ aquilinus, Presl. ,. 32 and Zeyh. 19 „ auriculatus, Presl. 31 „ prsemorsum, Sw. 20 " calomelanos, Presl. 30 „ Prionites, Kze. 17 „ capensis, Presl. 32 „ protensum, Schrad. 18 „ consobrinus 31 „ rutaefoliura, Kze. 23 „ coriifolius 31 „ Ruta muraria. .. 20 „ liastatus, Presl. 30 solidum, Kze, 21 „ robustus, Kze. 32 „ splendens, Kze. .. 21 Alsopliila capensis, I. Smith. 11 „ stans, Kze. 23 Araphocosmia riparia, Gard. 12 „ Thunbergii, Kze. 22 Anemia Dregeana, Kze. 46 „ Trichomanes, Lin. 19 Aspidium angulare, Kit. 15 „ Zeyheri 18 ,, articnlatum, Sw. 14 Athyrium laxum. 16 , atharaanticum, Kze. 13 , catopteron, Kze. .. 12 Bernhardia dichotoma, Willd. 50 coriaceum, Sw. 15 Blechnum Atherstoni. 16 Ecldouii, Kze. 14 „ australe. Lin. 29 falcatum, Sw. 15 „ bore ale, Lin. 29 , fragile, Sw. 16 „ Boryanum, Schleclit. 27 , inaequale, Schleclit. 13 capense, Schlecht. 27 , luctuosura, Kze. .. 15 „ heterophyllum, Schlec . 28 , oppositum, Kaulf. 51 punctulatum, Sw. 29 , patens, Sw. 12 radiatum, Presl. 16 , pungens, Kaulf .. 14 , spinulosum, Sw. .. 13 Cajnoptcris auriculata, Thbg. 22 , stramineum, Kaulf 51 „ furcata, Berg. 23 , Thelypteris, Sw. .. 12 . „ Odontites, Thbg. 23 Aspl enium Adiantum nigrum, Lin 2 1 ,, rutffifolia, Berg. .. 23 anisophyllum, Kze. 18 Camiiteria biaurita. Hook. .. 29 aspidioides, Schleclit, 21 „ Rottleriana, Presl. 30 , argutum, Bory. .. 21 Cetcrach cai)cnsis, Kze. 23 , brachyotus, K-zc. 18 „ cordata, Kze. 24 cuneatum. Lam. .. 20 officinarum, Willd. 23 dcntatum, Lin. .. i!» Chcilanthcs anthriscifolia, Willd. 37 discolor 17 asjicra, Kault. .. 3fi 56 PAGE Cheilanthes Atlierstoni, Hook. 37 „ auriculata. Link. 31 „ Bergiana, Schlecht. 34 „ capensis, Sw. 33 „ commutata, Kze. 37 „ cornuta, Kze. 36 „ deltoidea, Kze. .. 36 „ data, Kze. 34 „ firma, Moore. .. 37 „ glandulosa. 35 „ hastata, Kze. 30 „ hirta, Sw. 34 „ induta, Kze. 36 „ linearis, Moore. 37 „ multifida, Sw. .. 33 „ parviloba, Sw. .. 35 „ profusa, Kze. 36 „ pteroides, Sw. .. 33 „ refracta, .. 34 „ sparsisora, Schrad. 37 „ triangula, Kze. .. 34 Cryptogramma robusta. 32 Cyathea Burkei, Hook. 11 „ Dregei, Kze .. 11 Cyrtomium falcatum, Presl. 15 Cystopteris fragilis, Beruh. ., 16 Hypolei)is authriscifolia, Presl. „ aspera, Presl. „ Bergiana, Hook. .. „ capensis. Hook. .. „ elata, Hook. PAGE 37 34 33 34 Darea auriculata, Willd. .. 22 „ rutsefolia, AVilld. .. 23 „ stans, Bory. .. .. 23 Davallia campy loptera, Kze. 25 „ concinna, Schrad. ., 25 „ nitidula, Kze. .. 24 „ polypodioides, Don. 24 Dicksonia anthriscifolia, Kaulf. 52 Didymochlagna dimidiata, Kze. 15 Gleiclienia argentea, Kaulf. 10 „ polypodioides, Sw. 10 Goniopteris silvatica .. .. 39 Grammitis leptophylla, Sw. .. 42 „ totta, Presl. .. 41 Gymnogramma conspersa, Kze. 41 „ cordata, Schlecht. 24 „ leptophylla, Desv. 42 „ namaquensis. 42 „ totta, Sclilecht. .41 „ unita, Kze. 39 Hemitelia capensis, R. Br. 12 Hymenophyllum alatum Schk. 45 „ flabellatum, Labil. 53 „ fumarioides, Bory 45 „ raruni, R. Br. 44 „ tunbridgensc, Sw. 44 Lastrea athamantica 13 „ Catoptera 12 „ insequalis, Presl. .. 12 „ patens, Presl. .. 12 „ pentagona, Moore. .. 13 „ Plantii. Moore. .. 13 „ spinulosa, Presl. .. 13 „ Thelypteris, Presl. .. 12 Lindssea ensifolia, Sw 25 „ membranacea, Kze. .. 25 Lomaria attenuata. Willd, .. 28 „ Boryana, Willd. .. 27 „ capensis, Willd. .. 27 „ cinnamomea, Kaulf. 27 „ coriacea, Schrad. .. 27 „ cycadoides .. .. 28 „ Dalgairnsias 27 „ decipiens .. .. 29 „ densa, Kaulf. .. .. 29 „ eriopus, Kze 53 „ gigantea, Kaulf. .. 28 „ liamata, Kaulf. .. 28 „ heterophylla. Desv. 27 „ inflexa, Kze 28 „ Meyeriana, Kze .. 43 „ pumila, Kaulf, .. 29 „ punctulata, Kze. .. 28 „ Spicant. Desv. .. 29 Lonchitis glabra, Sw 38 „ natalensis, Hook. .. 38 Lycopodium ambiguum, Schrad. 53 „ carolinianum, Lin. 48 „ cernuum, Lin. .. 48 „ clavatum, Lin. .. 49 ' „ depressum, Sw. 53 „ gnidioides, Sw. .. 49 „ Kraussianum, Kze. 50 „ pinifolium, Kaulf. 49 „ pygmjeum, Kaulf 49 „ repens, Schlecht, 48 „ rupestre, Lin. .. 50 „ setaceum, Hamilt, 50 „ verticillatura, Lin, 49 Marattia salicifolia, Schrad. 47 Marginuria ensiformis, Presl. 39 Mertcnsia unibraculifera, Kze. 10 Microlepia polypodioides, PresL 24 Mohria thurifraga, Sw. ,. 46 57 PAGE Neplirodium Ecklonianum, .. 14 „ Plantianum .. 14 Niphobolus africamis, Kze. .. 41 Notholajna capensis, A, Spreng, 35 „ Eckloniana, Kze. 42 „ inaequalis, Kze. .. 43 „ Rawsoni, ,. .. 42 Oleandra articulata, Presl. .. 13 Olfersia augustata, Presl. ,. 44 „ conformis, Presl. .. 44 On_ychium capense, Kaiilf. .. .52 OpiiioglossuDi Bergianum, Schiecht. 48 Ophioglossum capense, Schiecht. 48 „ costatum, K. Br. 48 „ lusitanicum, Thbg. 48 „ nudicaule, Lin. fil. 47 „ reticulatum, Lin. 48 Osmunda barbara, Thbg. .. 47 „ regalis, Lin. .. 46 „ spectabilis, Willd. 47 Phymatodes elongata, Presl, 41 ,, irioides, Presl. 40 „ vulgaris, Presl. 40 Pleopeltis lepidota, Presl. .. 40 „ lycopodioides, Presl. 40 Polypodium adspersura, Schrad. 40 „ argentatum, Jacq. 52 „ Bergianum, Schiecht. 39 „ Ecklonis, Kze. 39 „ elongatum, Schrad. 41 „ ensiforme, Thbg. 40 „ irioides, Poir, .. 41 „ lepidotum, Schiecht. 40 „ lycopodioides, Willd. 40 „ phymatodes, Lin. 40 „ tomentosum, Thouars 52 „ Tulgare, Lin, .. 39 Polystichum angulare, Presl. 15 ,, coriaceum, Schott. 15 vA<;t; Polystichum luctuosum, 14 „ pungens, Presl. 14 Psilotum triqiietriim, S\v. .. 50 Pteris angustifolia, Sw. .. 43 „ arguta, Sw 26 „ auriculata, Thbg. .. 30 „ auriculata, Sw. .. 31 ,, aquilina, Lin 32 „ biaurita Kze 26 „ Calomelanos, Sw. .. 31 ,, capensis Thbg. .. 32 „ Catoptera, Kze. 20 „ consobrina, Kze. .. 31 „ coriifolia, Kze 32 „ cretica, Kze 26 „ cuspidata, Thbg. .. 51 „ flabellulata, Sw. .. 26 „ liastffifolia, Schrad, .. 30 „ hastata, Thbg. .. 31 „ hastata, Schiecht, .. 30 „ incisa, Thbg. .. 26 „ involuta, Sw. .. .. 51 „ nemoralis, Willd. .. 30 „ pedata, Willd 25 „ Serraria, Sw 26 „ tabularis, Thbg. .. 51 Pteropsis angustifolia, Desv, 43 Schizaea pectinata, Sm, .. 45 „ tenella, Kaulf. .. 46 Schizoloma ensifolium, I. Smith, 25 Scolopendrium Krebsii, Kze, 24 Stenochlaena Meyeriana, .. 43 Todea africana, Willd. .. 47 Trichomanes Filicula, Bory. 45 „ melanotrichum, Schiecht 45 „ pyxidiferum, Lin. 45 „ rigidum, Sw, .. 45 Vittaria acrostichoides, Hook. 53 „ lineata, Sw. .. 38 ■SAUL SOLOMON AND CO., STEAM PRINTING OFFICE, CAPE TOWN. BOUND TO PLEASE wS^.