. *% % G 9 QK 167 w/c ®tp» J, p. Jiffl pbrarg Jfortlt QIarolina jlferte College QKI67 W56 CJK167 W56 63810 Wheeler Ca phae vase mouU DATE 1 2-5-^0 JBir _____)_ 636IO This BOOK may be kept out TWO WEEI ONLY, and is subject to a fine of FIA CENTS a day thereafter. It is due on t day indicated below: CATALOGUE PHjENOGAMOUS and vascular cryptogamous PLANTS OF MICHIGAN, INDIGENOUS, NATURALIZED, AND ADVENTIVE. ■ BY CHAS. F. WHEELER AND ERWIN F. SMITH, Hubbardston, Mich. Hsec scire juvat ; 5 ru> \ SEP 26 1883 LANSING: W. S. GEORGE & CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 1881. MICHIGAN FLORA. PREPARED FOR THE MICHIGAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY BY CHARLES F, WHEELER AND ERWIN F. SMITH, HUBBARDSTON, MICHIGAN, # PREFACE. This list of Michigan plants was made at the suggestion of the State Horti- cultural Society for publication in their tenth annual report. As a foundation, the authors have collected over 1,100 species of flowering plants and ferns in various parts of the State during the past fourteen years. They have also made use of the following earlier catalogues of Michigan plants, and tender their acknowledgments accordingly: To the First (?) Cata- logue of Michigan Plants, by Dr. Jno. Wright, embracing 850 species, which appeared in Dr. D. Houghton's Second Annual Report in the year 1839, published in " Senate Documents." This was a simple list of the plants collected during one season between Detroit river and Lake Michigan, in the first and second tiers of counties, alphabetically arranged and without notes. To W. A. Burt's Manuscript List of 185 species, from the central part of the Upper Peninsula, collected while running township lines in 1844, and identified by Dr. D. Cooley. To W. D. Whitney's "List of Plants of the Upper Peninsula," with notes, pub- lished in the second volume of Foster & Whitney's Report, in the year 1851, and comprising 417 species of plants, collected chiefly along the shore of the Great Lakes. To a "Manuscript List of the Plants Growing Spontaneously within Ten Miles of Cooley's Corners, Washington, Macomb County," which embraces 900 species of flowering plants and ferns, and was prepared for the Smithsonian Institute by Dr. D. Cooley in 1853. To N. II. Winchell's " Cata- logue of Phsenogamous and Acrogenous Plants found Growing Wild in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the Islands at the Head of Lake Huron," published in Prof. A. Winchell's "Geological Report" for I860, and contain- ing notes on distribution, frequency, etc. Cooley's plants form part of the Herbarium of the State Agricultural College. Wright's and Winchell's plants are in the State University Herbarium. (J 3810 We also owe acknowledgments to the compilers of the following more recent Catalogues of Michigan Plants: To N. Coleman's List, published in 1874, by the Kent Scientific Institute, at Grand Rapids. To Miss E. C. Allmendinger's List of Ann Arbor Plants, which appeared in 1876. To Dr. A. B. Lyons' "Medicinal Plants Indigenous in Michigan,"— a paper read before the Detroit Academy of Medicine, Nov. 27, 1877. To a "List of Native Medicinal Plants of Michigan," prepared by Prof. Volney M. Spalding, of the University of Lib N . C. State College 4 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Michigan, and published in the Proceedings of the Michigan Pharmaceutical Association in 3877. To a List of Michigan Plants, compiled by Dr. Elmore Palmer, in 1877. Our acknowledgments are due to Prof. W. J. Beal, of the Michigan Agri- cultural College, for valuable assistance rendered. To Dr. D. Clark, of Flint, for specimens, and for a list of the plants of his vicinity. To Henry Gillman, Esq., of Detroit, for a list of Lake Superior plants collected by him. To Eev. E.J. Hill of Engelwood, 111., for lists and specimens from various localities along the east shore of Lake Michigan. To L. H. Bailey, Jr., of South Haven, for lists and specimens of plants growing in the vicinity of Lansing and South Haven. More than a passing tribute is due to the little band of indefatigable natural- ists of the past generation, who did so much pioneer work in developing all the resources of our fair State. First among them stands Dr. Douglass Houghton, while around him, among others, may be grouped the botanists, Dr. Zina Pitcher, Dr. Abram Sager, Dr. Dennis Cooley, and Dr. Daniel Clark, of whom alone Dr. Clark remains, full of years and still active in the pursuit of his favorite science. Miss Mary H. Clark, of Ann Arbor, was also well known, especially to the younger botanists of the State, as a life-long worker in this department of natural history, and one whose zeal and enthusiasm burned steadily through advancing years and only went out with her life. Others have been connected, more or less, with the botanical interests of the State, either as teachers or collectors, among whom may be mentioned Prof. Geo. Thurber, Prof. A. N. Prentiss, and Prof. J. 0. Holmes, of Detroit, all formerly connected with the State Agricultural College ; Prof. M. W. Harring- ton, of "the State University; 0. B. Wheeler, Esq., of Detroit; Frank H. Tnthill, of Kalamazoo; and Kev. J. Shanp, of Hastings, Barry county. In connection with the catalogue proper, the following hasty sketch of the main features of our flora may be of some interest. It is offered, however, only as a sketch, and is drawn chiefly from our own field-notes, jotted down during many a delightful ramble. The best part of botany, after all, is not in the books, and to any who find the following pages dry, we commend nature herself — that boundless, outdoor life, whose interest, beauty, and mys- tery is with us from the cradle to the grave, forever stimulating inquiry, and ever richly rewarding patient and loving toil. The climate of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan is colder than that of the Lower Peninsula, the surface is considerably broken, especially in the western part, and the flora is in many respects decidedly northern, resembling in part that of British America, and in other respects like that of JS". New Eng- land and Canada. Pines, firs, cedar, larch, junipers, elms, poplars, black ash, basswood, maples, and birches, are the principal trees. Pinus strobus, the prevailing species southward, is here largely supplanted by its more north- ern and less valuable congener, P. resinosa, whose tall, slim trunks are, how- ver, in good demand for driving piles. Under-shrubs, like Rains Nutkanus and Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis, are common, and indicate a tendency toward northern types that we find more strongly developed in the herbaceous plants. Among the latter we note as found rarely, or not at all, in the Lower Penin- sula, but frequently northward, and often having a high northern range, such plants as Anemone jiarviflora, Viola SelkirTcii, Potentilla frigida, Stellaria bore- alis, Saxifraga Aizoon, S. tricuspidata, Pingnicula vulgaris, Castillea pallida, Halenia deflexa, Pliy salts grandiflora, Tofieldia palustris, Salix ade?iophylla, Eriophorum alpinum, Aspidinm fragrans, etc., etc. MICHIGAN FLOKA. 5 The influence of climate on vegetation may be summed up in a few words. The climate of the Lower Peninsula is not as severe as that of the Upper, nor so even, but is subject to frequent, sudden, and extreme changes of tempera- ture — as great a variation during the winter season as 53° Fahr. in less than 24 hours having been recorded. Such rapid changes more or less affect vegetation, especially the tender branches of cultivated trees, which are sometimes seriously injured. In one or two instances a like effect on our forest trees has been noticed. The annual range of temperature is about 110°, and the annual mean 46°. Of rain-fall, including what falls in form of snow, we have, yearly, about thirty inches. Our snow-fall is much less, for the same latitude, than that of New York and New England. In the center of the peninsula, we sel- dom have more than a few inches at a time. The proximity of the Great Lakes exerts a marked influence in equalizing the temperature and the effects are marked upon our flora. Trees like Liriodendron Tulipifera, Asimina triloba, Cercis Canadensis, Gleditschia triacanthos, Comus jlorida, Nyssa multiflora, and Morns rubra, which belong to Ohio and Central Illinois, have crept northward, favored by the mild influence of the lake winds, through the central and western part of the Lower Peninsula, often beyond the middle, and the same is true of smaller and less noticeable plants. As might be expected from the uniform surface of the peninsula, the flora is much alike throughout. Probably three-fourths of our species are common to all sections, though by no means equally distributed ; some being very abundant in one district and rare in another at no great distance. In most cases such change is due to soil rather than to difference in elevation, tempera- ture, or atmospheric moisture. The Lower Peninsula is covered with a deep drift of alternating sands, clays, and gravels, and the flora of any section depends chiefly on which of these happens to lie uppermost. With reference to its flora, the Peninsula may be roughly divided into two great divisions — the hard-wood and the soft-wood lands; one representing the Appalachian flora, and the other, the Canadian. The hardwood country lies south of latitude 43°, and consists of very fertile sand, clay, or loam, mostly cleared of the original forest, and largely culti- vated. The sandy or stony drift of many river valleys in this section supports a heavy growth of oak, frequently interspersed with walnut and hickory, while the margins of the streams, and the neighboring swamps, abound in soft maples, swamp and chestnut oak, white and black ash, elm, hackberry, syca- more, butternut, and similar trees. Willows, dogwoods, viburnums, and but- tonbush, are common shrubs in the swamps; and hazel, hawthorn, wild cherry and plum, June berry, witch-hazel, etc., are abundant on the dryer ground. On the uplands, and away from streams, clay, loam, and a peculiar black- muck soil, supersede the sands and gravels of the valleys. The prevailing timber here is beech and maple and oak forest in about equal proportions. Beech and maple (Acer saccharinnm and var. nigrum) generally grow together, forming magnificent forests of great extent. The best wheat farms are usually found on uplands near streams, where the oak timber gradually shades into beech and maple. Plains of fertile sand covered with a low, or scattering growth of oak (oak openings) are frequent, and always very desirable for farming purposes. Four species of oak are usually found on such plains— Q. alba, macrocarpa, coccinea, and tinctoria. 6 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Marshes densely covered with tamarack are common in this part of the State, and nourish in their thick shade such plants as Drosera rotundifoUa, tiarrace- nia purpurea, Rhus venenata, Ribes rubrum, Chiogenes Mspidula, Salix Candida, Smilacina trifolia, Pogonia ophioglossoides and Gdlopogon pulchellum. Arbor- vita, red cedar and black spruce are comparatively rare. A similar tract of soil and timber occurs in the upper end of the Penin- sula, north of a line drawn from Thunder Bay west to the head of Grand Traverse Bay. This is commonly known as the "Traverse Region," and has a flora much like that we have just described, with the exception that some of the southern species disappear, and northern ones begin to take their place, or if found growing further south, here first become frequent. The littoral flora of Little Traverse Bay is rich in interesting species, among which may be mentioned a small form of Cakile Americana, Lathy rus mariti- mus, Potentate, Anserina, Tanacetum Huronense, Artemisia Canadensis, Cnicus Pitcheri, Juncus Balticus, Triticum violaceum, T. dasycarpum, a peculiar form of Bromus ciliatus, Calamagrostis longifolia, C. arenaria, and Equisetum varie- gatum. The flora of the low dunes at the head of the Bay comprises, among others, the following species : Juniperus Sabina, \slt. proewnbens, Prunuspumila and Cornus stolonif era, half buried in the drifting sand, Hypericum Kalmianum, Salix glaucopJiylla, and varieties, Lilium Philadelphicum, etc. In a moist depres- sion were found Arabis lyrata, Coreopsis lanceolata, Arctostapliylos Uva-ursi, Primula farinosa, Lithospermum hirtum, Triglochin maritimum, var. eltaum, Carex aurea, C. (Ederi, etc., etc. In thickets near the shore were found Abies bahamea, Picea alba, Sheperdia Canadensis, and Rtibus Nutkanus. Deep for- ests of hemlock and yellow birch (B. luted) mixed with a fine, tall growth of striped maple (.4. Pennsylvanicum) are frequent, having underneath a tangled growth of Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis, and under all a carpet of Lycopo- dium annotinum. Alternating with these are sandy plains covered with a dense growth of Vacciniums, yielding a great abundance of fruit. Sugar maples and basswood are also abundant in this region, and reach an immense size. In fact, finer groves of maple it would be difficult to find in any part of the State. The pine country proper lies between the two tracts we have described, and embraces about 15,000 square miles. It is composed largely of sand hills and plains, either scantily furnished with vegetation, or densely covered with pine forest. Argillaceous tracts wooded with beech and maple also occur, like oases in a desert ; and swamps abound, with the usual lowland timber. Forests of hemlock spruce are frequent, and there are occasional ridges of oak. Birch {B. lutea) also begins to be a common forest tree, and attains a large size. The usual timber of the barrens is Jack Pine (P. Banksiand). Cli- matic and other influences have combined to produce groves composed entirely of this species of large size and of great beauty, for, instead of being "a strag- gling shrub, or low tree" (Gray), it rises, often 50-GO feet, straight and sym- metrical. All through this region Pinus strobus is the prevailing species and furnishes most of the lumber, but P. resinosa is frequent as far south as Clare county, and occurs sparingly in the northern part of Isabella county, which appears to be its southern limit. Such is the general character of the sylva down to about latitude 43°, but in the western part of the State, owing perhaps to moister climate, or to favor- able soil, hemlock spruce is more abundant, and reaches much farther south, nearly or quite to the Indiana line, and the same is true of white pine. Portions of the counties of Clare, Missaukee, and Roscommon represent an undulating plateau, which is 700-800 feet above the level of the great lakes, MICHIGAN FLORA. 7 and has an interesting flora, as yet little studied. This region was examined in June, 1876, and revealed a number of northern plants. In the southern part of Clare county were found Ledum latifolium, Kalmia glauca, Physalis grandiflora (not before found south of the Upper Peninsula), Cory dalis glauca, and Geranium Carolinianum, — the two latter species growing luxuriantly in he deep woods, after fires. In the shade of the Jack Pines grew Prunus pumila, Potentilla tridentata (not before observed in Lower Peninsula), Krigia Virginica, Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Linaria Canadensis, Kceleria cristata, Car ex Houghtonii, etc., etc. Near Houghton Lake were found Adlumia cirrliosa, Riles lacustre, Dracocephalum parviflorum, Streptopus roseus, and S. amplexifolius ; and in Muskegon river, near its source, Potamogeton lucens. Pinus resinosa was noticed frequently, growing with common pine, and near the center of Clare county it became more abundant, forming groups. Single individuals stretch upwards 150-160 feet, their clean, copper-colored boles often rising 100 feet to the first limbs. The flora of the deep pine woods is interesting, though rather monotonous. Very little undergrowth is found, and their gloomy recesses nourish only such plants as love thick shade. Here the club-mosses {Lycopodiums) find a con- genial home, and flourish luxuriantly, while Clintonia borealis covers the ground. The great round-leaved orchid {Habenaria orbiculata), with its tall, greenish spike and twin leaves close to the earth, is also frequent and striking. "We shall also meet Mitchella repens, Smilacina bifolia, Trillium grandiflorum, per- haps, and a few ferns, particularly Asplenium Filix-fcemina, and Pliegopleris Dryopteris. Other species occur, of course, but not so abundantly. In more open places, and on ridges, we meet Rhus aromatica and Comptonia along with wintergreen (GauUheria) and trailing arbutus {Epigea), and are of ten fortunate enough to find the wax-white, fragrant flower of Moneses uniflora, or Poly gala paucifolia, hiding its shining leaves under a wealth of showy pink blossoms. The floral treasures of the pine region lie, however, in its swamps and lake borders rather than in the deep woods. Therein grows Linnea borealis in all its delicate beauty, carpeting the ground, and close at hand, the odd, brown-purple flower of Cypripedium acaule and the small yellow blossom of its water-loving relative C. iwrvijlorum. In such swamps, or within a stone's throw of them, may be found many other plants of equal interest, such as Medeola Virginica, Ledum latifolium, Andromeda polifolia, Kalmia glauca, Lonicera oblongifolia, Cardamine pratensis, Gerardia aspera, Mitella nuda, Erio2)liorum vaginatum, etc. On lake margins we shall find Lysimachia and the blue Pontederia and more rarely, Nesma and Eleocharis quadrangulata. The lake itself, most likely, will be full of ISymplma, Nuphar, Utricularias, and a world of Potamagctuns and similar water weeds. Shrubby Vacciniums line the bluffs, and here and there gleam the white trunks of paper birches against the dark background of pines. In the thick-pine country, where the lumberman's axe has let in the sun- light, new plants spring up freely. Here, Prunus Pennsylvanica and poplars are frequent, and the blackberry is omnipresent. Aralia hispida and PJiy- salis pubescens are also peculiar to such land, and in August Gnaphalium decurrens may be seen whitening thousands of acres. One seldom beholds a drearier sight than a dead and deserted lumber region. The valuable trees were all felled years ago, and the lumberman moved on to fresh spoils, leaving behind an inextricably confused mass of tree tops, broken logs, and uprooted trunks. Blackberry canes spring up 8 MICHIGAN FLORA. everywhere, forming a tangled thicket, and a few scattering poplars, birches, and cherries serve for arboreal life, above which tower the dead pines, bleached in the weather and blackened by fire, destitute of limbs, and looking at a distance not unlike the masts of some great harbor. Thousands of such acres, repellant alike to botanist and settler, can be seen in any of our northern counties. In certain districts considerable beech is found associated with the pine. The soil of such tracts is usually of better quality, and can be rendered pro- ductive without much labor. It may be noted that in such cases the pine also grows thriftier and makes better lumber. Sections of this and the Traverse region of Michigan are still sparsely set- tled, or not at all, and have been visited rarely by botanists. Consequently, we may expect many additions to our flora, as well as corrections, when this region is as thoroughly known as the south half of the State now is; our ignorance, rather than nature's parsimony, explaining why we have so few species credited to us. The most promising field for the botanist evidently lies in the Houghton Lake region and northward, and in the Upper Peninsula, many parts of the interior of which are botanically unknown. Our flora, as here presented, contains in all 113 families (orders) and 1,634 species. The composites claim the largest number of species, L82 — about one- ninth of all. Sedges follow with 176 species; grasses, 139; rosacese, 61; ferns, 56 ; leguminosaa, 55 ; figworts, 46 ; mints, 40 ; mustard and crowfoot, 39 each ; heath family, 35, and umbelliferse, 27. We have 165 trees and shrubs, about 20 of which are valuable timber trees. At least 40 of our trees and shrubs are worthy of cultivation for ornament. Sugar maples and elms are commonly planted, while the tulip tree, basswood, Kentucky coffee tree, black walnut, and butternut, among deciduous trees, and hemlock, white pine, black spruce, arbor vitae, and red cedar, among evergreens, deserve more atten- tion. About 20 species of woody and herbaceous native climbers are frequent, and some are worthy of cultivation, (see State Pomological Report of ' 79 for a list.) Ninety medicinal plants are admitted into the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 45 belonging to the primary list, and an equal number to the secondary, while a number of others deserve attention at the hands of Pharmacists. (See papers previously noted.) It may be stated in conclusion that, in the preparation of this catalogue, we have spared no pains to make it thoroughly reliable, a majority of the species enumerated having passed through our hands, and the remainder being admitted only on good authority. We have preferred to make a useful rather than a large catalogue, and, on this ground, we have rejected a number of species, some of which may yet make good their claim to be considered as part of our flora. We cannot hope to have escaped all errors, and crave charitable judgment for any such the kind reader may discover, trusting that they may be found errors of omission rather than of commission. In our arrangement of orders, we have preferred, as more convenient, to follow the 5th edition of Gray's Manual rather than later works. The vexa- tious subject of synonomy has received considerable attention, and will, we believe, be found brought down nearly to date. Further observations will be published from time to time in the form of addenda, towards increase of which we solicit correspondence and contributions from all parts of the State. Ionia, Mich., January 30, IS 81. MICHIGAN FLORA. CATALOGUE. Range of species north or south, when known, has been indicated by the following abbrevia- tions in bold type at the right : S.— 1st, 2d, and 3d tier of counties. C— From 3d tier of counties northward to Houghton Lake region. N.— Remainder of the Lower Peninsula. L. P.— Lower Peninsula. U. P.— Upper Peninsula. Th.— Whole State so far as known. In a few instances S. E. and S. W. have been used, indicating the southeastern and southwestern slope of the Lower Peninsula. In case of rare or local species, we have given all the localities known, but for more common ones have usually indicated only the range and relative frequency. Throughout the cat. alogue: H. refers to Hubbardston, situated on Fish Creek, in the extreme northeastern part of Ionia Co. ; Flint,— Dr. Clarke's List; Macomb Co.,— Dr. Cooley's MS. Cat.; So. Haven,— L. H. Bailey's List; Kalamazoo,— F. H. Tuthill; Detroit,— Dr. A. B. Lyons. Other abbreviations of this nature as Winch. Cat., Wr. Cat., Allmend. Cat., etc., will be readily understood from the preface. The (.!) used after rare or local species indicates that we have collected the plant in the locality given, or have received it from others. A mark of doubt (?) follows a few species which we have introduced with some hesitation and on the authority of others. In most cases such species have been dropped altogether. Medicinal plants have been indicated by asterisks as follows: Those belonging to the Primary List of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia (*) ; Secondary List (**); not offi- cinal but in use, or worthy of trial (***). Introduced species are given in Italics, and are chiefly weeds from the Old World. RANU^CULACE^E. Virgin's Bower. Small-flow- ered A. Long-fruited A. Virginian A. Many-cleft A. Pennsylva- nian Anem- one. Wind Flower, Wood Anem- one. Liverleaf. Acute-lobed Hepatica. Liverleaf. Round-lobed Hepatica. Rue Anem- one. (Crowfoot Family.) CLEMATIS 1. Virginiana, L. (***) Th. Sometimes cultivated as a climber. The plumose white fruit ornamental. Common. ANEMONE 2. parviflora, Mx. Dr. Lyons; Asa Gray. 3. cylindrica, Gray. 4. Virginian a, L. 5. U. P. L. P. Infrequent. Th. Frequent. mnltifida, Poir. MackinaAV,— Whitney Cat.; mouth of Saginaw R. Winchell Cat. ; Lake Superior,— Gray. Rare. 6. dichotorna, L. Th. On low ground along streams, and worthy of cultivation. The handsome, white flowers are sometimes over two-inches in diameter, and the size could probably be increased by cultivation. Common. ?. nemorosa, L. (***) Th. Early and very pretty. Flowers sometimes bright rose color. Common. 8. acutiloba, Lawson. S. 0. & N. (?) This species is very common on beech and maple land, while A. Jlcpulica prefers oak soil. No transition forms have been seen. 9. Hepatica, L. Th. Less frequent than the preceding, at least in the center. THALICTRUM 10. anemonoides, Mx. S. & 0. Quite local through the center. Flowers very pretty, white, sometimes pink. Found usually on oak soil. 2 10 MICHIGAN FLOE A. Early Mead- ow Rue. Purplish M. Rue. Tall M. Rue. Stiff Water Crowfoot. White Water Crowfoot. 11. dioicum, L Early, Th. Worth cultivating for its delicate, glaucous-green foliage. Common. 12. purpurascens, L. Th. The flowers vary from white to deep purple, the fertile ones occasionally bearing stamens as in the next. Wet meadows. Common. 13. Cornuti, L. Th. Often confounded with the preceding. Frequent. RANUNCULUS 14. aquatilis, L., var. stagnatilis, DO. Th. Bear River, Petoskey— E. J. Hill; Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat.; Huron R.— Lyons; etc. 15. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Chaix. Yellow Water Crowfoot. W. Plantain Spearwort. Creeping Spearwort. Early Crow- foot. Spring Crow- foot. Small-flow- ered C. Cursed C. Hooked C. Bristly C. Early C. Creeping C. Butter-cups. Isopyrum. False Rue Anomone. Marsh Mari- gold. Infrequent. Th. Common. 16. multifidus, Ph. Th. Flowers an inch and three-eighths in diameter and full— double have been seen. Ponds and slow streams. Very common. 17. multifidus, Ph., var. terrestris, Gr. Ann Arbor,— Miss Clark. 18. ambigens, Watson. Dr. Lyons. Not observed in C. &S. 19. flammula, L., var. reptans, Meyer. Th. Infrequent except northward, and not seen in the center of the State. 20. rhomboideus, Goldie. Th. On light sand; our earliest spring flower. Muir and Palo in Ionia county (!); Lake Superior.— Can. Cat. " Prairies, Mich."— Gray. abortivus, L. 21. 22. 23. 24. abortivus, L., var. niicranthus, Gr. sceleratus, L. (***) Rare. Th. Common. Th. Th. Ditches and low ground. Exceedingly variable, stems sometimes two inches in diameter. Frequent. Th. Common. Th. Frequent. Th. Flowers sometimes double, or idy plain Common. Th. Very common. Th. recurvatus, Poir. Woods in rich soil. 25. Pennsylvanicus, L. 26. fascicularis, Muhl. Pretty and worth trying in the garden, with reversion of essential organs to leaves. Hills and sandy plains 27. repens, L. Wet places. 28. acris. L. (***) Classed by Hooker f. as indigenous,"— Watson. So. Haven; Macomb Co.; Flint; Huron shore— Winch. Cat.; and Lake Superior. Infrequent. ISOPYKUM 29. biternatum, T. & Gr. (***) 0. &S. Early and pretty. Often mistaken for Rue Anemone, from which the latter is easily distinguished by its dahlia-like roots. Very common on " beech and maple " land, but not on oak. CALTHA 30. palustris, L. In swamps, greens. Th. Frequently called "Cowslip," and eaten in spring for Very common. MICHIGAN FLORA. 11 Globe-flower. Goldthread. Wild Colum- bine. Tall Lark- spur. Yellow Puc- coon. Orange- root. Golden Seal. White Bane- berry. Red Bane- berry. TROLLIUS 31. laxus, Salisb. "Deep swamps, Mich."— Gray. Very rare. COPTIS 32. trifolia, Salisb. (*) Th. Bogs and coniferous woods. Common. AQUILEGIA 33. Canadensis, L. Th. A stately plant, desirable for cultivation on account of its large, scarlet and yellow flowers. Common. DELPHINIUM 34. exaltatum, Ait. (***) S. " Michigan and southward."— Gray. S. Michigan is probably the northern limit of this species east of the Mississippi. Rare. HYDRASTIS 35. Canadensis, L. (*) C. & S. Rich, moist woods. Rather local. ACT^EA 36. alba, Bigelow Moist woods and hillsides. 37. spicata, L., var. rubra, Aiton. Less frequent than the preceding. Th. Abundant. Berries of both are ornamental. Black Snake- root. BlackCohosh. Fennel- flower. C1MICIFUGA 38. racemosa, Nutt. (*) S. S. E.— Winch. Cat.; U. P.— Burt. (?). Rare in Michigan, and probably does not get much beyond Northern Ohio. NIGELLA 39. Damascena, L. (***) Escaped from gardens. Infrequent. White-wood. Tulip-tree. MAGNOLIACEjE. ( Magnolia Fam ily. ) LIRIODENDRON 40. Tulipifera, L. (**) C. & S. A medium sized tree, frequent at Ionia (!), Saranac (!), Lansing (!), and southward, but not seen north of Grand river valley. This is one of our finest native trees, valuable alike for lumber and ornamental purposes. Formerly common but becoming Infrequent. Pawpaw. ANONACE^E. ( Custard- Apple Fam ily . ) ASIMINA 41. triloba, Dunal. (***) C. & S. A low tree, fruit scarcely edible. Abundant in the valleys of Grand and Maple rivers, where it probably reaches its N. limit. Common south- ward. Moonseed. MENISPERMACE^E. ( Moonseed Fam ily . ) MENISPERMUM 42. Canadense, L. (***) vVoods and moist thickets. c. & s. Common. 12 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Common Bar- berry. Blue Cohosh. Twin-leaf. Rheumatism- root. Mandrake. May-apple. BERBERIDACEiE. (Barberry Family.) BERBERIS 43. vulgaris, L. (**) Flint, etc. CAULOPHYLLUM 44. thalictroides, Mx. (***) Commmon in L. P. JEFFERSONLA 45. diphylla, Persoon. An early spring plant, ous biparted leaves. PODOPHYLLUM 46. peltatum, L. (*) Roots drastic, an article of commerce. Rare. Th. #**> 0. &S. Worth cultivating for its white flowers and curi- Infrequent. 0. &s. Ripe fruit often eaten. Very common. Water-shield. Rattle-box. Yellow Nel- umbo. Water Chinq- uepin. Sweet-scented Water-Lily. White Water- Lily. NYMPH^EACE^E. ( Water-Lily Family. ) BRASENIA 4?. peltata, Pursh. 0. & S. Greenville (!), Ionia (!), Lansing (!), Ann Arbor, etc. Infrequent. NELUMBIUM 48. luteum, Willd. S. River Rouge, south of Detroit; Indian Lake, 12 miles southeast of Kala- mazoo; Monroe county, where it is abundant; and probably in other places. Seems to be indigenous. Local. NYMPBL^A 49. odorata, Aiton. /***\ Said to grow at Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.— and in Lake Superior region, but the next has probably been mistaken for it, unless the two run together. 50. tuberosa, Paine. (***) 0. & S. In all our ponds and slow streams. Flowers large and delicately beauti. ful, fragrant; often used for decorating in connection with evergreens. Easily propagated from the tubers, and desirable for large aquariums in grounds. Common. Spatter Dock. Yellow Pond. Lily. Small Yellow Pond Lilly. NUPHAR 51. advena, Aiton. ( ! Th. In company with water-lilies, but always a dirty plant— seeming to de- light in filth. 52. puinilum, Smith. "Sag. Bay & S. W."— Winch. Cat. Common. 0. &s. Infrequent. SARRAOENIAOEiE. {Pitcher -Plants.) SARKACENIA Pitcher Plant. 53, purpurea, L. (***) Common in sphagnous swamps, always attracts attention as a the neighborhood be full of it. Can be grown in the house, where It curiosity," though all the swamps in MICHIGAN FLORA. 13 Mexican Poppy. Prickly P. Celandine. Common Poppy. Blood-root. Yellow Poppy. Celandine Poppy. PAPAVERACE^E. (Pojipy Family.) ARGEMONE 54. Mexicans L. (***) CHELIDONIUM 55. majus 9 L. (***j PAPAVER 56* somniferum, L. (*) These three plants occur in some localities, but are scarcely well enough established to deserve mention. SANGUINARIA 5?. Canadensis, L. (*) Th. The white flowers appear in early spring, and are sometimes 2)4 inches in diameter. Does well in gardens, and is pretty. Common. STYLOPHORUM 58. diphyllum, Nutt. (***) 0. & S. Rich woods in Oceana, Ionia, Clinton, Ingham, and other counties. Flower orange-yellow, over two inches in diameter. Deserves a place in the garden. Rare or Local. FUMARIAOE^E. {Fumitory Family.) Climbing Fumitory. Golden Corydalis. Pale C. Squirrel Corn. Dutchman's Breeches ADLUMIA. 59. cirrhosa, Raf. 0. &S. Hemlock woods in vicinity of Houghton Lake; Grand Rapids,— Miss Clark So. Haven; etc. ; also in cultivation. Not. com. CORYDALIS. 60. aurea, Willd. Th. Not noticed in the center of the L. P., where the next is also rare; fre- quent northward; in the U. P., common. 61. glauca, Pursh. Th. Grand Haven(!); Clare Co.(!); L. Sup., etc. Infrequent except northward. DICENTRA. 62. Canadensis, DC. (***) C. & S. 63. cucullaria, DC. (***) C. & S. Both sp. common. Alyssum. Rock Cress. Rock C. Rock C. CRUCIFER^E. ( Mustard Fam ily.) ALYSSUM. 64. calycinum, L. C. & S. Hubbardston (!); Ionia(!); Flint; Lansing(J), etc; a recently Introduced plane, becoming common in many localities. Door-yards and waste places. ARABIS. 65. dentata, T. & Gr. C & S. Low lands along Grand R. (!) and southward. Not common. 66. lyrata, L. Th. So. Haven; Flint; Retoskey(!); U. P.- Whitney Cat. Infrequent. 67. petraea, Lam. Th. Isle Royal— Gillman; Mackinac; Macomb Co.; Gd. Haven; etc. Infrequent. 14 MICHIGAN FLORA. Hairy Rock C. Smooth Rock C. Canada Cress. Sickle-Pod. Tower Mus- tard. Drumraond's M. Yellow Rock- et. Winter Cress. 68. hirsuta, Scop. 69. laevigata, Poir. 70. Canadensis, L. Fields and rocky woods. 71. perfoliata, Lara. 72. Drumraondii, Gr. Hubbardston(!); Flint; Macomb Co. ; etc. Dry banks. BARBAREA 73. vulgaris, R. Br. Th. Frequent. Th. Infrequent. c. &s. Common. Th. Not rare. Th. Not com. Th. So. Haven; Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat.; Macomb Co.; Hubbardston(J); and N. into the U. P., where it is indigenous and frequent. White Mus. tard. Charlock. Black Mus- tard. Sea Rocket. Shepherd's Purse. Spring Cress. BRASSICA 74. alba, Gr. (*) 75. Sinapistrum, Boiss. 76. nigra, Koch. (*) CAKILE 77. Americana, Nutt. Shores of the Gr. Lakes. CAPSELLA 78. Bursa-pasfcoris, Moench. The commonest of weeds. CARDAMINE /-*** \ c. &s. Infrequent. Th. Not com. 0. &s. Common. Th. Common. Th. Purple Spring C. Cuckoo Flower. Small Bitter Cress. Woodland B. C. Crinkle-root. Pepper-root. Tooth-wort. Whitlow- grass. Whitlow- grass. Whitlow- grass. Whitlow, grass. 79. rhomboidea, DC. Th. Common. 80. purpurea, Cham. & Schlecht. Th. An early spring .flower. Common. 81. pratensis, L. ('***) Bogs. Rare S., frequent in C, and common N. Th. 82. hirsuta, L. Th. Common. 83. hirsuta, L., var. sylvatica, Gr. c.&s. Ann Arbor,— Winch. Cat.; and Flint. Infrequent DENTARIA 84. diphylla, Mx. (***) Th. Common. 85. laciniata, Muhl. c. &s. DRAI Probably occurs farther north if not throughout. JA Common. 86. arabisans, Mx. Th. Shores of the Gr. Lakes. Infrequent. 87. nemorosa, L. Th. "Fort Gratiot and northwestward,"— Gray. Collected by Dr. Pitcher. Infrequent. 88. Carolinian a, Walt. c. &s. Ionia Co. (!), and southward. Rare. 89. verna, L. IS. Dr. Lyons. Rare. MICHIGAN" FLORA. 15 LEPIDIUM wild Pepper- 90> Virginicum, L. Th, Wild p.-grass. 91. intermedium, Gr. Th. This and the preceding are both very common in fields and waste places, but usually not together. Pepper-wort. 92. campestre, R. Br. S. E. Macomb Co., ana Detroit. Infrequent. NASTURTIUM True water- 93. officinale, R. Br. (***) C. & S. Ionia(!); Ann Arbor; South Haven; etc. Frequent in brooks. Marsh cress. 94. palustre, DC. (***) Th. Frequent. Hairy m. cress. 95. palustre, DC, var. hispidum, Fisch. & Mey. Th. Lake cress. 96. lacustre, Gr. C. & S. From Fish Cr. (!) and Maple R. (!) southward. Frequent. Horseradish. 97. Armor acia, Fries. (***) Used in spring as a condiment. Escaped from gardens into waste places. Frequent. SISYMBRIUM Hedge Mus- 98. officinale, Scop. (***) Road-sides and wet places. Frequent. Mouse-ear 99. Thaliam, Gay. C. & S. In light sand; generally mistaken for Arabis lyrata. Common. Tansy Mus- 100. canescens, Nutt. Th. tard. Shores of Gr. Lakes, etc. Pitcher, Houghton, Winchell, eU al. Infrequent. CAMELINA False Flax. ioi. sativa, Crantz. C. & S. Road. sides and waste places. Flint; Ann Arbor; Macomb Co. ; etc. Not common. THALASPI Penny cress. 102. arvense, L. S. E. Ann Arbor— Allmend Cat.; "Shores of Lake Huron."— Gray. Rare. CAPARIDACEJE. (Caper Family.) POLANIS1A Poionisia. 103. graveolens, Raf. S. Shores of Gr. Lakes; South Haven; Detroit(!); Put-in Bay (!), etc. Not rare. VIOLACEJE. (Violet Family.) IONIDIUM Green violet. 104. concolor, Benth. & Hook. 0. & S. Hubbardston(l); Lansing— Real; Ann Arbor,— Allm. Cat.; etc. Scarce and local. VIOLA Round-leaved 105. rotimdifolia, Mx. U. P- Sugar Island— Winch. Cat.; Michigan— Gray. SSS&&M 1°G- Selkirk!!, Pamh. U. P. V. Gillman, Gray, el al. A high northern plant. 16 MICHIGAN FLORA. Sweet White V. Lance-leaved V. Common Blue V. Hard-leaf V. Arrow-leaved V. Larkspur V. Bird-foot V. Dog Violet. Long-spurred V. 107. blanda, Willd. 108. lanceolata, L. Koscommon Co.(!); L. Sup.; etc. 109. cucullata, Aiton. 110. cucullata, Ait., var. palmata, Gr. Frequent on hills about Ionia.(!) 111. sagittata, Aiton. Rare in some sections, common in others. 112. delphinifolia, Nutt.(?) 113. pedata, L. (**) Th. Common and variable. Bare. Th. Common and variable. c. &s. s. Th. Common on light sand, our finest species. Does nicely in cultivation and deserves attention. The flowers are light blue, or very rarely pure "Bi" white, and are very pretty, being often \% in. in diameter. N. to PaleV. Canada V. Downy Yellow V. Hairy Yellow V. Wooly-fruited V. Smoother Y. V. eingot ish Am., lat. 55°."— Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Aj 114. canina, L., var. sylvestris, Kegel 115. rostrata, Muhl. Well distributed and frequent. 116. striata, Aiton. Srit- Th. Common. 0. &s. c. &s. Common. 117. Canadensis, L. Th. Abundant on "beech and maple" land, but seldom, or never, under oaks. Th. Common. Th. Common. c. &s. Infr. 118. pubescens, Aiton. 119. pubescens, Ait., var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Frost-weed. Frost-wort. Hudsonia. Pinweed. 120. glabella, Nutt. Hubbardston(I); etc. CISTACE^E. {Rock-rose Family.) HELIANTHEMUM 121. Canadense, Mx. (**) HUDSONIA 122. tomentosa, Nutt. Th. Frequent. Th. 'Shores of Gr. Lakes."— Gray; S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; L. Sup.-Can. Cat. Infr. LECHEA 123. major, Mx. Common on poor soil 0. &s. Bound-leaved Sundew. Sundew. Slender S. DROSERACEJS. (Sundeiv Family.) DROSERA 124. rotundifolia, L. (***) In sphagnous swamps. An insectivorous plant. 125. intermedia, Drev. & Hayne, var. Americana, DC. Th S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Ann Arbor-Allmend. Cat.; L. Sup.-Can. Cat. 126. linearis, Goldie. Dr. Lyons; L. Sup.-Can. Cat. Th. Common. Infrequent. U. P. MICHIGAN FLORA. 1? Great St. John's-wort. HYPERICACEiE. (St. John's-wort Family.) HYPERICUM 127. pyramid atum, Aiton. Th. Kaim'sst.j. 12Sm Kalmianum, L. South Haven; Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Macomb Co. ; Ionia (!); Stanton (!); Hubbardston(!); Crystal Lk. (!); Flint; Ontonagon River— Whitney Cat. Occurs at wide intervals and in small patches. Bare. Th. -Wright Cat.; Fort Along the lakes; more common northward. Gratiot— Winch. Cat.; Petoskey (!); etc. S. Mich. Shrubby st. j. !29. prolificum, L. Th. St. John's- wort. Common St. J St. John's- wort. Slender St. J. Canada St. J. Marsh St. John's-wort. Marsh St. John's-wort. Alow, compact shrub, with a profusion of bright yellow blossoms, from July to Sept. Sometimes cultivated, and worthy of moro notice as a hardy flowering shrub. Frequent from C. southward. 130. ellipticum, Hook. Ann Arbor— Miss Clark; L. Sup.— Gray. 131. perforatum, L. (***) Ionia (!); Lansing (!); Flint; etc. not troublesome in Michigan. 132. corymbosum, Muhl. 133. multilum, L. 134. Canadense, L. Th. Infrequent. C. & 8. A bad weed in the Eastern States, but Infrequent. Th. Common. Th. Abundant. Th. Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co. ; Flint; Drummond's Island— Winch. Cat. Occasional. 135. Canadense, L., var. major, Gray. Flint; Fruitport and Old Mission.— E. J. Hill; L. Sup.— Gray. ELODES 136. Virginica, Nutt. 137. petiolata, Ph. (?) Grosse Isle— Miss Clark in Winch. Cat. Th. Th. Common. Bouncing Bet. Soapwort. Cow-Herb. Starry Cam- pion. Wild Pink. Fire Pink. Catchfly. Sleepy Catch- fly. Night flower- ing C. CARYOPHYLLAUE^E. (Pink Family.) SAPONARIA 138. officinalis, L. (***) L. P. Waste places and roadsides. Old Mission— E. J. Hill; and common in C. &S. 139. vaccaria, L. C. &S. Muir(!); S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; etc. Sparingly introduced. SILENE 140. stellata, Aiton. S. Dr. Wright. 141. Penusylvanica, Mx.(?) S. Mont Lake— Miss Clark in Winch. Cat. We have specimens which were sent from Springfield, O., and the plant may grow in Mich. 142. Virginica, L. WinchellCat. 143. antirrhina, L. 144. nocii flora, L. Th. Common. c. & s. Common. 18 MICHIGAN FLOKA. LYCHNIS Corncockle. 145. Gitliago, L. L- P. In wheat-fields, but easily eradicated by sowing clean seed-wheat. Common. ARENARIA Thyme-leaved 146. SWpi/Uifolici, L. Th. Sandy fields. Not well distributed, but in places very common. 147. stricta, Mx. Th. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. ; Macomb Co. ; Montcalm Co. (1) ; L. Sup.— Can. Cat. Infrequent. 148. lateriflora, L. Th. Gray, in "Flora X. Am.' Sandwort. Strict Sand- wort. Showy Sand wort. From lat. 40° to the Arctic sea,"— Torrey Rather common in C, and quite pretty. Chickweed. Long-eared Stitchwort. Swamp S. Starwort. Northern S. STELLARIA 149. media, Smith. Th. Gardens and fields. A very abundant and hardy little weed, which has been seen in blossom every month in the year. In fact, even in mid- winter, a few warm days are enough to set it growing. 150. longifolia, Muhl. 151. uliginosa, Murr. Dr. Lyons. 152. crassifolia, Ehrh. Dr. Lyons. 153. borealis, Bigelow. Th. Common. U. P. Infr. Rare. U. P. Point an Barques, L. Huron, and Isle aux Traine, L. Sup.— Gillman; also, Gray in Manual, and Can. Cat. Infrequent. Long-staiked 154. lonsipes, Goldie, N. & U. P. Stitchwort. r "Gros Cap, L. Mich., abundant in pure sand."— Winch. Cat. Rare. Mouse-ear Chickweed. Larger Mouse-ear C. CERASTIUM 155. vulgatum, L. 156. viscosum, L. Nodding m.c. 157, nutans, Raf. Field Chickweed. Pearl-wort. Corn Spurry. Th. Infrequent. Th. Common. Th. Macomb Co.; Flint; Lyons(J), etc. Found on low grounds from Louis- iana to Hudson's Bay. Rare. 158. arvense, L. Th. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; L. Sup.— Can. Cat. Infrequent. SAGINA 159. nodosa, E. Meyer. U. P. "L. Sup. and northward."— Gray; Isle Royale.— Whitney's Cat. SPERGULA 160. arvensis, L. 0. & S. Dr. Wright, Dr. Clark. Some other Caryophyllaceous plants occur, as Dianthus sp., Silene Armeria, etc., but are not well established. Adv. and rare. Forked Chickweed. PARONYCHIE^E. {Whitlow -worts.) ANYCHIA 161. dichotoma, Mx. Dr. Wrizht. s. w. Infrequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. 19 SCLERANTHUS Knawei. 162. annuus, L. Lansing (!); naturalized on the Agrl. College grounds. Purslane. Pustley. Spring Beauty. Claytonia. PORTTJLACACEuE. (Purslane Family.) PORTULACA 163. oleracea, L. (***) Very tenacious of life— a vile weed in gardoma. CLAYTONIA 164. Virginica, L. An early and very pretty spring flower. Very com. Th. Common. MALVACEAE. Common Mallow. High M. Curled M. Musk M. Mallow. Sida. Indian Mai- low Velvet- leaf. Swamp Rose- Mallow. Bladder Ket mia. (Mallow Family.) MALVA 165. rotundifolia, L. (***) 166. sylvestris, L. (***) 167. crispa, Gr. Dr. Clark. 168. moschata, L. 169. Alcea, L. Lansing (!); adventive on College grounds. SIDA 170. Napaea, Cav. Kalamazoo, R. R. track. ABUTILON 171. Avicennce, Gcert. L. P. Common. L. P. Occasional. Infrequent. L. P. Not rare. s. Rare. c. & s. Roadsides and river banks. Very common in places, and, along with Datura stramonium, forming regular thickets. Sometimes cultivated, but rather to be cast out as a bad weed. HIBISCUS 172. Moscheutos, L. C. & S. Flint; and Put-in Bav, Lake Erie. (!) This plant, Ion* neglected, is worthy of cultivation. It 'is four feet high, with velvety leaves and beautiful light rose-colored flowers, six inches in diameter. 173. Trionum, L. S.— Dr. Wright; Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; and Flint. c. &. s. Bar..'. Basswood Linden. TILIA 174. TILIACEjE. (Linden Family.) Americana, L. ^-' K Abundant in C. & S., common in Emmet Co. (!), and frequent in U. P., "especially in Ontonagon Valley. "-Whitney Cat. A valuable timber tree, often' planted forornament, and murh Bought in flowering time bv bees for its copious nectar, which makes the finest honey Basswood lumber le much used in cabinet work for boxes, shelves, fc., whenever a wood is desired which is soft and easily worked, and, at the bamo time, tough and not liable to split. 20 MICHIGAN FLORA. LINACE^E. {Flax Family.) LINUM wild Fiax. 175. Virginianum, L. Ann Arbor— Dr. Lyons; S. Mich.— Wright Cat. wild Flax. 176. sulcatum, Riddell. Dr. Wright. Common Flax. 177. USitttUs Simum , L. (*) Dr. Clark, and Dr. Wright. Escaped from cultivation. s. Infrequent. s. Rare. c. &s. Infrequent. Wild Cranes- bill. Carolina C. Small-flow- ered C. Herb Robert. Storksbill. False Mer- maid Pale Touch- me-not. Spotted T. Balsam. Jewel-weed. Common Wood-sorrel. GEKANIACEJE. {Geranium Family.) GERANIUM 178. maculatum, L. (*) "Canada to Florida."— Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am. 179. Carolinianum, L. Macomb Co.; Clinton Co., etc. Rare in S. & C, Farwell, Clare Co. (!), thence N. to L. Superior Violet W Yellow W. Ladies' Sorrel. 180. pusillum, L. Flint— Dr. Clark. 181. Robertianum, L. / *#* \ C. &S. Common. Th. abundant in vicinity of Adventive. Th. Pnt-in Bav, Lake Erie (!); Montcalm Co. (!); Saginaw Bay; Mackinac, and Drummond's Is.— Winch. Cat. ; L. Sup.— Whitney's Cat. Common around the Gr. Lakes, but seldom seen in the interior. ERODIUM 182. cicutarium, I/Her. (***) Oceana Co. (!); Ionia Co. (!); Kalamazoo, etc. weed in gardens and fields. Not yet common. FLCERKEA 183. proserpinacoides, Willd. Ionia (!); Hubbardston (!); Flint, etc. c. &s. Spreads rapidly— a bad A delicate, little herb in damp woods. IMPATIENS 184. pallida, Nutt. ( *** ) Ionia Co. (!); Sugar Is.— Winch. Cat., etc Not rare but usually overlooked. Macomb Co. the next. 185. fulva, Nutt Th. Much rarer than Th. OXALIS 1S6. Acetosella, L. Macomb Co. ; and "L. Sup. and northward 187. violacea, L. ( *** ) Winchell Cat. 188. corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. Marquette Co.— Burt's MS., etc., etc. Th. —Gray. Rare in S. Peninsula. S. E. Rare. ( *** ) Th. Common. Prickly Ash. Toothache Tree. RUTACEjE. (line Family.) ZANTHOXYLUM 189. American um, Mill. (***) L. P. Everywhere along streams and on low ground. The bark enters into various "bitters," and is gathered in considrable quantities for export. MICHIGAN FLOKA. 21 Hop-tree. Shrubby Tre- foil. Wafer Ash. PTELEA 190. trifoliate, L. (***) C. & S. An interesting shrub; sometimes cultivated. Very abundant on the low, rocky islands in the western end of Lake Erie (!), and frequent along river banks and the shore of the Gr. Lakes. Occurs in the interior as far north as Montcalm Co. (!). Does not occur at Flint and is not men tioned in Dr. Cooley's MS. Cat., but is given by Dr. Wright. ANAOARDIAOEiE. ( Cash e w Fam ily . ) Staghorn Su- mach. Smooth S. DwarfS. Poison S. Poison Dog- wood. Poison Ivy. Poison Oak. Climbing P. Ivy. Fragrant Su- mach. KHUS 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. typhina, L. (***) Seldom very large; 1 the next likewise. glabra, L. (**) Seldom very large; less common than the next, the next likewise. Th. Worth cultivating, and Th. Very common in C.and nearly, or quite, as large as R. typhina. The trunk occasionally 5-6 in. in diameter. These two species are much alike, and, pubescence aside, one might easily be mistaken for the other. It is no stretch of imagination to believe such closely allied species, and there are many such, are descended from a common stock. Indeed, one can scarcely believe otherwise if he studies plants extensively. copallina, L. (**) C. & S. Abundant in the pine country on light soil. venenata, DO. (***) Common in swamps and poisonous to the touch. A low shrub, with smooth, grayish bark, and dull, white fruit in clusters. Toxicodendron, L. (**) Th. This is the dreaded "Poison Ivy." It is inoculous to some persons, and cows eat it with impunity. Frequent. Toxicodendron, L., var. radican, Torr. Th. Tall-climbing, often to tops of forest trees; stems frequently several in- ches in diameter. More abundant than the sp. aromatica, Aiton. (***) Th. A low shrub, with bright red fruit ; worthy of cultivation. Less frequent than other members of the genus. Found chiefly on bluffs and sandy hills through the middle counties of the L. P. "N. to Saskatchawan."— Torr. & Gr., Fl. N. Am. VITAOEiE. (Vine Family.) Northern Fox- grape. Summer Grape. Frost Grape. Virginia Creeper. Five-leaf Ivy. American Ivy. VITIS 198. 199. 200. Concord, Isabella, Catawba, etc., are seedlings Bare. c. &s. Labrusca, L. C. & S. Dr. Clark and Dr. Cooley of this species. aestivalis, Mx. Lyons (!); Stanton (!); Crystal Lk., Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; Ann Arbor.— Winch. Cat.; S. Mich.— Wright Cat., etc. Infrequent s. riparia, Mx. Th. Common along our rivers; infrequent in the pine region, whore V. OStt- valis is very abundant. Flowers very fragrant, ailing the air Witn odor. The small, glaucous fruit is sometimes eaten. 1 ids cordt/oliu apparently does not occur. AMPELOPSIS 201. quinquefolia, Mx. (***) Th. A very desirable climber, often cultivated. Some specimens seem to cling to Avails and buildings much better than others. Common. 22 Buckthorn. New Jersey Tea* Red-root. Ceanothus. MICHIGAN FLORA. RHAMNACE^E. (Buckthorn Family,) KHAMNUS 202. alnifolia, I/Her. Th. Common. CEANOTHUS 203. Americanus, L. (***) Th. Sandy woods, rarely on beach and maple land. Frequent. 204. ovatus, Desf. Dr. Pitcher; also, east shore L. Huron, E. Ont., and L. Sup.— Can. Cat. CELASTRACE^E ( Staff -tree Fain ily . ) Celastrns. "Wax- work. Climbing Bit- ter-sweet. Waahoo. Burning-Bush. Trailing Strawberry Bush. CELASTRUS 205. scandens, L. (***) An ornamental climbing 0. &s. shrub, the orange and scarlet-arilled fruit re- maining overwinter. Easy to grow and desirable for its autumn and winter effect. The staminate and pistillate flowers are on different individuals, and this must not be overlooked when specimens are taken from the field for cultivation. EUONYMUS 206. atropurpureus, Jacq. C. & S. Low river-banks. Well distributed, but nowhere very common. Worthy of cultivation. Bark of shrub and roots gathered for the drug trade— an ingredient of various tonic bitters and patent nostrums. 207. Americanus, L., var. obovatus, T. & Gr. C. & S. Trailing. The sp. does not occur. Common. SAPINDACE^E. (Soapberry Family.) STAPHYLEA Biadder-Nut. 208. trifolia, L. Th, Marquette Co.— Burt; and frequent along river banks in L. P. A curious and interesting low shrub, with drooping white flowers, ovate, pointed, serrate leaflets, and large triangular pods, whence the common name. Sometimes cultivated and deserving attention. Ohio Buckeve. Fetid B. ^SCULUS 209. glabra, Willd. River-bottoms, Lenawee Co.— Prof. Beal; and probably in other localities in the southern tier of counties. ACER striped Maple. 210. Pennsylvanicum, L. (***) N. & U. P. Mountain Maple. Sugar Maple. Rock M. Abundant in IT. P.— Whitney, common at Petoskey (!), and occasional as far S. on the Huron shore as Alcona Co.— Winchell Cat., and in the inter- ior as Houghton Lake(!). 211. spicatum, Lam. C. N. & U. P. Common in U. P.; Alcona Co.— Winch. Cat.; Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co.(!); and occasional in cold swamps as far south as banks of Grand river near Lansing— Beal. 212. saccharinum, Wang. ( ***' Th. This and the next yield "maple sugar." Frequent in the U. P., and abundant in the lower, forming extensive groves, either alone or in con- nection with beech. Largely used for fuel, and to some extent for cabinet purposes, especially the curled and bird's eye varieties. Exten- sively planted as a shade-tree. In localities badly infested with borers of the genus Clylus. MICHIGAN FLORA. Black Sugar M. Silver Maple. White M. Red Maple. Swamp M. Negundo. Box-elder. Ash-leaved Maple. 213. saccharinum, Wang., var. nigrum, T. & Gr. Th. Along with the preceding, and much resembling it. Distinguished best by its prominent stipules and downy leaves. Common. 214. dasycarpum, Ehrh. C. & S. Low ground along rivers. This and the next are fine shade and orna- mental trees. Often planted. Common. 215. rubrum, L. Th. On low ground and along streams. Very common. NEGUNDO 216. aceroides, Moench. 0. & S. River banks. A small, handsome tree, with green twigs, ash-like leaves, a H P?j? f .^ an ^ flowers and keys. Sometimes planted, and would be more Frequent. often if its value was known. Purple Poly- gala. Poly gala. Polygala. Seneca Snake- root. Broad-leaved S.S. Pink Poly- gala. Flowering Wintergreen. Fringed Poly- POLYGALACE^E. (Milkwort Family.) POLYGALA 217. sanguinea, L. (***) C. &S. Local, but usually abun- s. Rare. c. &s. Flint; Lansing(!); Macomb Co.; Wayne Co.(!), etc. Common in some places, rare in others. The fresh roots have the smell of wintergreen, or Spirea lobata. Belding(!); Ionia(!); Flint; Macomb Co. dant when found at all. 218. cruciata, L. S. Mich— Wright Cat. 219. verticillata, L. 220. Senega, L. (*) 221. Senega, L., var. latifolia, T. & Gr Hubbardston (!); Flint, etc. 222. polygama, Walt. (***) Sandy soil. Ionia (!), Clinton (!) Th. Common. Rare. 3. & s. 223. paucifolia, Willd. (***) Montcalm (!), and comities southward. Infrequent. Common on pine land; the large, rose-purple flowers very beautiful. Complonia, Rhus aromalica, Moneses, and this are often found together. Dr. Wright found a variety with white flowers. LEGUMINOSiE. (Pulse Family.) LUPINUS Wild Lupine. 224. perennis, L Abun( forn TKIFOL1UM. C. & S. Abundant in light sand. Flowers, a fine blue-purple, in May and Juno forming great masses of color. Worth cultivating. Red Clover. 225. pratense, L. (***) Th. Meadows and fields. Very extensively cultivated for hay and pasture, and as a fertilizer of the soil, in which capacity it has no "equal. White clover. 226. repens, L. Th. Meadows, pastures, and road-sides. Very com. 227. procumbens, L. 0. ft S. Yellow Clover. Low Hop-C. Ionia (!); Lansing (!), etc. Blossoms bright yellow and very pretty. Infr. Yellow Melilot. MELILOTUS 228. officinalis, Willd. (***) 0. &S. Rare. 24 MICHIGAN FLORA. Sweet Clover. White Melilot. Lucerne. Black Medlck. Nonesuch. Prairie Clover. Prairie Clover. Lead-plant. Hoary Pea. Goat's Rue. Cooper's Vetch. Milk V. 229. alba, Lam. (***) L. P. More common than the preceding, but only occasional. A valuable honey plant. ME DIC AGO 230. sativa, L. Escaped from cultivation in a few places. 231. lupulina, L. Waste places. Mackinac; Jackson (!;; Ann Arbor, etc PETALOSTEMON 232. violacens, Mx. "Dry prairies, Mich."— Gray. 233. candid us, Mx. "With the preceding.— Gray. These two and the next are AMORPHA 234. canescens, Nntt. W. Mich.— Winch. Cat. ; Ann Arbor.— Prof. M. W. Harrington. TEPHROSIA 235. Virginiana, Pers. (***) C. & S Clinton Co. (!); Montcalm Co. (!); Macomb Co.; Livingston Co. Clark, etc. On light sand. ASTRAGALUS 236. Cooperi, Gr. Dr. A. B. Lyons; Cooley MS. 237. Canadensis, L. 0. &S. L. P. forming patches. s. w. Rare. s. w. prairie plants." s. Rare. Miss Infrequent. Put-in Bay (!;; Ann Arbor (!); Macomb Co.; Orchard Lk. Co. (!); and northward. Well distributed but c. &s. Rare. Th. (!); Montcalm Infrequent. DESMODIUM Tick-Trefoil. 238. nudiflorum, DC. C. & S. Crystal Lk., Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; Lansing; Macomb Co.; S. Mich.- Wright Cat., eic. Common. Tick-Trefoil. 239. acuminatum, DC. C. & S. Woodlands. Very common. Tick-Trefoil. 240. pauciflorum, DC. S. Mont Lk.— Miss Clark in Winch. Cat. Rare. Round-leaved T.-T. 241. rotundifolium, DC. C. & S. Trailing T.-T. Hubbardston (!); Ionia (!); Flint; Lansing (!); So. Haven; Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor.— Allmend. Cat., etc. Infrequent. Tick-Trefoil. 242. canescens, DC. S. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; S. West- Wright Cat. Rare. Tick- Trefoil. 243. cuspidatum, Hook. C. & S. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Lansing; Ann Arbor; Macomb Co.; S. Mich.— Tick-Trefoil. 244. Wright, etc. Usually on oak land. Frequent. viridinorum, Beck. C. &,S. Tick-Trefoil. 245. Hubbardston (!); Macomb Co. Not common. Dillenii, Darlingt. C. & S. Tick-Trefoil. 246. Oak woods. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; S. Mich.— Wr. Cat.; Mont Lk.— Miss Clark, etc. Frequent. paniculatum, DC. C. & S. Tick-Trefoil. 247. Oak woods. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Lansing; S. Haven; S. Mich.— Wr. Cat., etc. Frequent. Canadense, DC. C. & S. Hubbardston (!) and probably farther ST.; Flint; Lansing; Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat. and Winch. Cat,, etc. Flowers early. Frequent. K. C. State College MICHIGAN FLORA. 25 Tick-Trefoil. Tick-Trefoil. Tick-Trefoil. Tick-Trefoil. Creeping Les- pecleza. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Bush Clover. Common Vetch. Tare. Blue Vetch. Pale Vetch. Carolina V. Purple V. American V. Beach Pea. Vetchling. Everlasting Pea. Pale Vetch- ling. Indian Pea. Marsh Vetch- ling. Marsh Vetch- ling. 248. sessilifolium, T. & Gr. S. "Michigan"— Gray; S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. Rare. 249. rigidum, DO. C. & S. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co. ; Ann Arbor, and S. W.— Winch. Oat. Infrequent. 250. ciliare, DO. S. Dr. Wright. Rare. 251. Marylandicum, Boott. C. & S. Dry hills, Ionia(!), and southward. Infrequent. LESPEDEZA 252. repens, Barton. (?) S. Winchell Cat. 253. violacea, Pers. Ann Arbor— Miss Clark ; S. W.— Wright. 254. reticulata, Pers. Dry woods and fields. 255. reticulata, Pers., var. angustifolia, Maxim. Wright Cat. 256. Stuvei, Nutt. Winchell Cat.; Gray in Manual. 257. hirta, Elliott. S. Infrequent. c. & s. Common. s. w. Rare. s. Rare. 0. & s. Common. c. & s. 258. capitata, Mx. Abundant in old fields; prefers light sand. 259. angustifolia, Ell. 0. & S. In the same situations, and along with the preceding two. Frequent. VICIA 260. saliva, L. S. Detroit— Dr. Lyons; Springwells, near Detroit— Henry Gillman. Infrequent. 261. Cracca, L. S. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Ann Arbor— Prof. M. W. Harrington. Rare or local. 262. Oaroliniana, Walter. Dry soil. 263. Americana, Muhl. 0. & S. Very common. Th. Ann Arbor; Ionia(!); Montcalm Co.(!), etc.; N. to Lake Sup. Much rarer than the preceding, and very pretty. Spreads rapidly in C, along railroads and highways, and acts like an immigrant. LATHYKUS 264. maritimus, Bigel. Th. All around the Gr. Lakes, but seldom or never seen in t lie interior. Com. 265. venosus, Muhl. C. & S. Ionia Co. (!); Clinton Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor, etc tifnl, and worthy a place in the garden, by reason of its large, purple flowers. u«r« 266. ochroleucns, Hooker. Th. Hillsides and dry uplands. Inflr. 267. paluster, L. Th. Ann Arbor; Ionia(!); Bay City; Antrim Co.; Petoskey to L. Sup. This and the next are both common in C, growing in marshes along with Apios tuber osa, Campanula aparinoides, etc. Th. 268. paluster, L var. myrtifolius, Gr. Com. 26 MICHIGAN FLORA. Ground-nut. Wild Bean. Dakota Potato Wild Bean. Hog Pea-nut. False Indigo. Wild Indigo. Wild Indigo. Wild Indigo. Red-bud. Judas-tree. APIOS 269. tnberosa. Mcench, A curious vine, with edible tuber ers. c. & s. and fragrant, chocolate-brown flow- Common. PHASEOLUS 270. diversifolius, Pers. S. S. E. along shore, and on the islands of Lake Erie (!), and shore of Lake Michigan at So. Haven— Bailey, not found in the interior. AMPHICAEP^EA 271. monoica, Elliott. Fields and woods. Variable. BAPTISIA Probably not much farther north, and Th. Common. 0. &s. 272. tinctoria, R. Br. (***) Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; etc. Abundant in places, but not well distributed; much com- moner than the next two species. 273. Leucantha, Torr. & Gr. Calhoun Co.— Winch. Cat.; Ann Arbor- 274. leucophasa, Nutt. Mich.— Gray. -Allmendinger Cat.; etc. s. Rare. s. Rare. CERCIS 275. Canadensis, L. 0. & S. Indigenous through the southern part of the State, and as far N. in the west as Grand river valley. Pla'ster creek, Grand Rapids— Garfield; Ionia— Le Valley(?); banks of Thornapple river, Eaton county; Ann Arbor; Adrian; South Haven, etc. This tree is quite frequent in the valley of the river Raisin, 10 miles S. W. of Adrian, in company with Negundo, Gymnocladus, and jEsculus glabra. The largest trees are ten inches in diameter— Henry Owen. Frequently cultivated. Wild Senna. Kentucky Coffee-tree. CASSIA 276. Marylandica, L. (*) C. & S. Lyons(!); Grand Haven(!); Ann Arbor, etc. River banks; a tall weed with bright yellow blossoms. Infrequent. GYMNOCLADUS 277. Canadensis. Lam. C. & S. A slender tree along river banks, as far X. as Maple river, in Clinton Co.(!); also Fisk creek, Montcalm Co. (!); banks of Grand river(!); etc. The largest specimen seen was about KO feet high, and less than a foot in diameter. The wood is reddish, fine-grained, tough, and takes a good polish. Sometimes planted, and a valuable ornamental tree, with clubby branches, large and graceful bi-pinnate leaves, and large, flat pods in autumn. Farther south, a large tree. Infrequent. Honey Locust. Three-thorned Acacia. GLEDITSCHIA 278. triacanthos, L S. Grows along the river Raisin, and is certainly indigenous. Often two feet in diameter.— Prof. Beal, Henry Owen, et al. Probably along the St. Joseph, also, and in other localities in the extreme S. Frequently planted for hedges. ROSACEA. {Hose Family.) Wild Plum. PRUNUS 279. Americana. Marshall. C. & .S Along our rivers; the fruit either round or oblong, yellow, red, or green, and pleasant or bittei*. Occasionally a tree bears large fruit which is quite palatable. Frequently the plums blast and the trees bear instead hollow, green bodies somewhat resembling plums. Common. MICHIGAN FLORA. 27 Dwarf Cherry. Saud Cherry. Wild Red Cherry. Pin Cherry. 280. pumila, L. Th. L. Sup.; Emmet Co.(!); Houghton Lake(!); Mecosta Co.(!); South Haven- Saginaw Bay— Winchell, etc. Frequent in the N. half of the L. P. hut not yet found in the interior S. of Saranac, Ionia Co.(!), where it occurs in a dry glade along with Synthyris, Castillea, Lupinus, and Senecio aureus. 281. Pennsylvania, L. Ti Very abundant on sandy land in the X. half of the State, but less common southward, where P. serolina takes its place. Occasionally it becomes a good sized tree,— 40-50 feet high, a foot and a half In diameter. One such stands by the road-side near Prairie Cr., in Ronald Tp., Ionia Co. Th. pretty in May by reason of its light green ite flowers. Sometimes cultivated for orna- Common. Choke Cherry. 282. Vil'gillica, L. A shrub or small tree. Verj leaves and racemes of avI ment. 283. serotina Ehrh. (*) Wild Black Cherry. Ti Nine -Bark. Meadow- sweet. Willow, leaved Spirea. Hardhack. Steeple-Bush. Queen of the Prairie. Gillenia. Bowman's Root. Indian Physic, Canadian Bur- net. Agrimony. Small-flower ed A. White Geum. Avens. Virginia G. Large-leaved G. Strict G. Purple Avens. Water A. A medium sized timber tree, well known as " Black Cherry." Frequent in C. and S., in places sufficiently so for economic use. Bare in N. and U. P. The bark is often used as a tonic. NEILLIA 284. opulifolia, Benth. and Hook. Th. Along streams. A low shrub with re-curved branches, white flowers, clusters of reddish pods, and something the habit of red currant but larger. Occasionally cultivated and a good addition to the lawn. SPIEEA Th. Common. (**) 0. & s. Ionia Co. (!) and southward. A low shrub with fine rose-colored flowers, in dense panicles, and leaves rusty-wooly beneath. A striking plant and worth trying in the garden. Infr. lobata, Jacquin. S. "Meadows and prairies, Penn. to Mich."— Gray. Occurs, if at all, only in the S. Often cultivated. 285. 28G. 287. salicifolia, L. In marshes. tomentosa, L. GILLENIA 288. trifoliata, Mcench. (**) Winchell Cat. POTEEIUM 289. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. South Haven— Bailey; Ann Arbor— Allmcndingcr. AGRIMONIA 290. Eupatoria, L. (***) Dry soil. 291. parviflora, Ait. (***) Detroit— Miss Clark; Macomb Co. GEUM 292. album, Gmelin. 293. Virginianura, L. 294. macrophyllum, Willd. Rare, or not at all in L. P. 295. strictum, Aiton. New Haven, Gratiot Co.(!); Pctoskey(!), etc. 296. rivale, L. (**) Swamps and wet places. s. Hare. s. Bare. Th. Common. S. E. Infrequent. Common. & s. Common. U. I'. Th. Bare & Th. Common. 28 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Three-flow- ered Geum. Barren Straw- berry. Cinquefoil. Common C. Five-Finger. Five-Finger. Arctic Poten- tilla. Silvery- Cinque foil. Stout Poten- tilla. Silver-weed. Shrubby Cinque-foil. Three-toothed C. 297. trifle-rum, Pursh. Otisco Tp , Ionia Co.(!)— A. B. Morse; Montcalm Co., near Greenville(l); the only reported localities in the State. Attractive by reason of its long, plumose stvles, and dissected, fern-like leaves. Rare. WALDSTEINIA 298. fragarioides, Tratt. Th, Livingston Co.— Winch. Cat.; Ionia(!); Flint, etc.; to L. Sup.— Whitney Cat. Bather local, but abundant when found at all. POTENTILLA 299. Norvegica, L. Th. Common. Th. 300. Canadensis, L. Macomb Co., and Flint to L. Sup. Rare in C. & S. 301. Canadensis, L., var. simplex, T. & Gr. Range unknown; the common form in C. & S., where it is abundant. 302. frigida, Villars. U. P. Dr. Lyons. Rare, 303. argentea, L. S. Ann Arbor— Clark and AJlmendinger. Not reported by any other ob- servers. 304. arguta, Ph. Th. Flowers either white or yellow, generally all in one locality of one color; the same is true of moth mullein; Ann Arbor; Macomb Co.; Lansing(!); Ionia(!); and N. to Isle Royal. Frequent on light sand; in places, com- mon. 305. Anserina, L. Th. Frequent along the Great Lakes, but rare in the interior. fruticosa, L. Th. Edges of swamps. A low shrub with small, silky leaves, and a profusion of showy yellow blossoms, in August. Ranges N. to Arctic America. Common. N. & U. P. shores of the Upper Great Lakes"— Gray; Infrequent. 306. 307. tridentata, Solander. Barrens of Missaukee Co. (!); Isle Royal— Dr. Lyons. Marsh Five- Finger. Wild Straw, berry. Wild Straw- berry. Wild Straw- berry. Dalibarda. Purple Flow- ering Rasp- berry. White Flow- ering R. Dwarf R. 308. palustris, Scop. Swamps throughout, but nowhere abundant. FKAGAKIA 309. Virginiana, Duchesne. (***) Th. Very common. 310. Virginiana, Duch., var. Illinoensis, Gr. U. P.— Henry Gill man, in Am. Nat., Sept. '69; and probably in Lower P., also. 311. vesca, L. Th. Occasional in S., frequent in C, and abundant northward, where it seems to take the place of F. Virginiana. Moist woodlands and borders of swamps. EUBUS 312. Dalibarda, L. S. Ann Arbor— Mary Clai-k; Macomb Co.— Cooley. May occur farther north, and perhaps throughout. Rare. 313. odoratus, L. Th. Not observed in the interior From Ft. Gratiot (Winchell) northward, through C. & S. Common in N. & IT. P. 314. ISfutkauus, Mooino. Frequent at Petoskey (!) and common farther north. 315. triflorus, Richard. N. &-TT. P. Th. Frequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. 29 Wild Red R. Black R. Thimbleberry Blackberry. Dewberry. Low Black- berry. Running Swamp B. Prairie Rose. Climbing Rose. Swamp R. Dwarf Wild Rose. Early Wild Rose. Sweet Briar. 316. strigosus, Mx. Variable. Many seedlings in cult. 317. occidentalis, L. Th. Common. Th. Hybrids between this and Common. Th. Our garden Black-caps are seedlings of this the preceding frequently occur. 318. villosus, Aiton. (*) Very common in C, covering thousands of acres of waste pine-land to the exclusion of almost everything else. Rare in U. P. The fruit is agree- able and much gathered. Occasionally a plant is found bearing large berries of superior quality. This sp. is the original of the Law ton, Wilson, Kittattiny, and other cultivated sorts. 319. Canadensis, L. (*) 0. & S. Extensively trailing— 12 ft. or more— deep-rooted, hard to exterminate, and troublesome in sandy fields. Fruit ripe about the middle of July, sweeter than that of R. villosus. Frequent. 320. hispidus, L. Very abundant through the C. in the pine country, frequently covering the ground; also, S. and probably Th. ROSA 321. setigera, Mx. 0. & S. So. Haven— Bailey, Jackson Co.— Winchell; Flint— Dr. Clark; Macomb Co.— Cooley rare or local Grosse Isle— Miss Clark. 322. Carolina, L. Swamps. 323. parviflora, Ehrh. Possibly indigenous, but very Cultivated. Th. Common. c. & s. Abundant and pretty. In the C. it is our common wild-rose. Dry soil. A low form on hills about Ionia has narrow leaves, with peduncles and ripe fruit glandular-bristly. 324. blanda, Aiton. Th. Ionia (l); Hubbardston (!); Flint; Vt. Gratiot— Winch. Cat., etc. Common northward, but infrequent south of lat. 43°. C. & S. Frequent. 325. rubiginosa, L. Roadsides. Scarlet-fruit- ed Thorn. Downy Thorn. Black Thorn. Pear T. CRATAEGUS coccinea 326. 327. 328. Th. Common. subvillosa, Schrader. 0* & S. Frequent in C. ; our largest thorn, frequently 20-25 ft. and a foot in diam. C. &S. eter. tomentosa, L. X m- Pear T. 329. Pear T. 330. Cockspur Thorn. 331. PIRUS American Crab-apple; 332. Choke-berry. 333. The form doubtfully referred to this species is a shrub with la rge . tl"ck. oval, sharply-serrate leaves, beneath prominently veined .and taper tag into a marginal petiole; corymbs very straggling and fruit quit* *mau- Infroquent. Th. Common. 0. & s. Other forms of Cralegus occur, tomentosa, L., var. pyrifolia, Gr. 330. tomentosa, L., var. punctata, Gr. A shrub or low tree. Very common in C. and the whole genus evidently needs revision. >us-galli, Linn. Usually a shrub. Used for hedges in the East. C. & S. Common. coronaria, L. Thickets and alon fragrant in May. arbutifolia, L. Hubbardston (!), etc streams; the line The fruit green and bitter. Hare in C. 0. & s. osc colored flowers delightfully Common. Th. 30 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Choke-berry American Mountain Ash. June-berry. Shad-bush. Service-berry. Service-berry. Service-berry. Service-berry. 334. arbutifolia, L., var. melanocarpa, Hook. Th. Burt. MS.; Isle Royale — Whitney's Cat., etc. Frequent in swamps jsr. & it. p. through C. 335. Americana, DO. (***) Ludington, and north along the Michigan shore to Charlevoix; Sault Ste. Marie; and into Canada where it is common; also westward through U. P.— Burt, and Whitney. AMELANCHIER 336. Canadensis, Ton*. & Gr. Th. A shrub or small tree. Fruit variable in size and flavor, frequently delicious, and so well known to the birds that one can seldom find it well ripened. Undoubtedly horticulturists could develop this into a profitable fruit, but having already so many choice kinds, it is ques- tionable if there would be anv immediate profit. It is well, however, to remember that all our choice fruits have come from very ordinary wild sorts. Common. 337. Canadensis, Ton*. & Gr., var. (?) oblongifolia, T. & Gr. Th. Ionia ('); Flint; S. Mich.— Winchell Cat. A low shrub on sandy land. Infrequent. 338. Canadensis, Torr.&Gr., var. rotundifolia, T. & Gr. C. & S. Along streams, nearly as large as the sp.; leaves oval, serrate, promi- nently veined beneath. Flint; Hubbardston (!), etc. Not-common. 339. alnifolia, Nutt. L. P. Presque Isle— Winchell; Flint— Dr. Clark. Rare. Wild Goose- berry. Wild Goose- berry. Wild Goose- berry. Swamp Goose- berry. Fetid Cur rant. Wild Black Currant. Red Currant. Grass of Par- nassus. Grass of Par- nassus. Grass of Par- nassus. Yellow Moun. tain Sax- ifrage. SAXIFKAGACE^E. ( Saxifrage Fam ily. ) RIBES 340. Cynosbati, L. Th. The large berries prickly, but edible. Common. 341. oxyacanthoides. L. C. &. S. Low grounds along Fish Creek, and Maple River (!); Flint; Macomb Co., etc. Fruit smooth. Common. 342. rotundifolium, Mx. Th. St. Joseph's Is., and Sitting Rabbit— Winch. Cat. Rare in C. & S. 343. lacustre, Poir. N. & U. P. As far south as Houghton Lake (!). 344. prostratnm, L'Her. C. N. & U. P. Flint; Isabella Co. (!); Missaukee Co. (!); St. Joseph's Is.— Winch. Cat., etc. 345. floridnm, L. Th. Common. 346. rubrnm, L. Th. Deep swamps and cold woods, under tamaracks. Ann Arbor; Ionia (!); Stanton (!), and northward. Infrequent. PARNASSIA 347. parviflora, DC. U. P. L. Sup. —Can. Cat.; Grand Island— Henry Gillman; also, northwest shore of Lake Michigan, in Wisconsin— Gillman. 348. palnstris, L. U. P. Drummond's Is.— Winch Cat. ; "Shore of L. Sup., and northward "—Gray, from Dr. Pitcher. 349. Caroliniana, Mx. Swamps and wet banks. Rare northward; common in C. & S. SAXIFRAGA 350. aizoides, L. U. P. " Northern Michigan."— Gray. MICHIGAN FLORA. 31 Three-tooth'cl Saxifrage. 351. tricnspidata, TCetz. U. P. Saxifrage. Early S. Swamp S. Alum-root. Alum-root. Two-leaved Mitrewort. Bishop's Cap. Naked M. False Mitre- wort. Goldeu Saxi- frage. 'Shore of L. Sup. and northward "—Gray: Isle Royale— Dr. Lyons and WhitnevCat. 352. Aizoon, Jacq. "Upper Mich."— Gray; Isle Royale— Lyons, and Whitney 353. Virginiensis, Mx. L. Sup.— Can. Cat., etc. 354. Pennsylvanica, L. Bogs. HEUCHERA 355. Americana, L. ( ** ) Grand Rapids— Coleman ; Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. 35G. hispida, Ph. Common in Grand-Saginaw Valley. MITELLA 357. diphylla, L. Hillsides in rich woods. Seeds black. 358. nuda, L. U. P. U. P. Th. ( 'ommon. 0. & s. Bare. 0. Th. Very common. Th. Shaded swamps in Sphagnum. Racemes sometimes inclined to he panicu- late; seeds brown. A very delicate and pretty little herb, usually grow- ing under tamaracks and along with Ribes rubrum, Chiogcnes JUspidula, Smilacina trifolia, and Salix Candida. The scape frequently bears a small leaf, as if to suggest the derivation of this and the preceding from Frequent. one earlier form TIAKELLA 359. cord i folia, L. Ft. Gratiot; Macomb Co. ; Flint; Stanton (!); and northward. N. & U. P. ; rare in C. & S. W. CHRYSOSPLENIUM 360. Americanum, Schw. So. Haven; Hubbardston (!); Flint; and north. Th. Common Inir. CRASSULACEiE. (Orpine Family.) PENTHORUM Ditch stone- 361. sedoides, L. (***) crop. ' v J Roadsides and ditches, everywhere. SEDUM Live-for-ever. $Q2. TelephilWl, L. ( *** ) Garden Or- pine. Escaped from cultivation, as have 8. acre and some others. 0. & s. 0. & S. HAMAMELACE-K. ( 1 1 'itch - Hazel Fam ily . ) HAMAMELIS Witch-iiazei. 363. Virginians, L. (***) Tli. The yellow blossoms open in November after the leaves have fallen. The ripe pods burst with a sharp report, scattering the seeds,— this is Irc- quently the case with pods of other plants. Common. 32 MICHIGAN FLORA. HALORAGEA ( Water-Milfoil Family. ) MYRIOPHYLLUM Water-Miifoii. 364. spicatum, L. Th. L. Sup.— Can. Cat.; etc. Water-Milfoil. 365. verticillatum, L. Th. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; S. Mich.— Wright Cat. Water-Milfoil. 366. heterophyllum, Mx. 0. & S. Fruitport— E. J.Hill; Huron R. at Ypsilanti— Lyons; Macomb Co.— Cooley. Water-Milfoil. 36?. tenellum, Bigel. (?) PROSERPINACA Mermaid- 368. pallistl'is, L, In swamps along with Alopecurus arislalatus, and Litdwigia palustris. Freq. HIPPUR1S. Mare's-Taii. 369. vulgaris, L. Th. L. Sup.— Can. Cat.; S. Mich— Wright Cat. Eare. 0NAGKACEJ3. (Evening-Primrose Family.) CIRC^EA Enchanter's 370. Lutetiana, L. Th. Night-shade. Woods. Very common. Enchanter's 371. alpiua, L. Th. Nightshade. Woodg Common. GAURA Gaura. 372. biennis, L. S. Dr. Wright. EPILOBIUM Great Willow- 373. spicatum, Lam. (***) Th. vwV'wA^ri Springs up abundantly where forests have been burned over, hence one j ire.Tv eeu. common name. 374. origanifolium, Lam. U. P. "Upper Wisconsin and Michigan "—Gray. Linear*ieaved 375. palustre, L., var. lineare, Gr. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Stanton (!); and north to L. Sup. Infrequent in C. and rare or not at all in S. Downy wii 376. niolle, Toit. C. & S. Hubbardston (!); Flint; Lansing (!;; Ann Arbor; Macomb Co., etc. Prob- ably Th. Frequent. 377. coloratura, Muhl. Th. Common. OENOTHERA Evening Prim- 378. biennis, L. (***) Th. rose. v ' Common. EveningPrim- 379. biennis, L., var. muricata, Lindl. Th. L. Sup.— Can. Cat.; Petoskey (!); Ionia (!), etc. EveningPrim 380. biennis, L. var. grandinora, Lindl. rose - L. Sup.— Can. Cat. MICHIGAN FLORA. 33 Sundrops. Small Oeno- thera. False Loose- strife. Seed-box. False L. False L. Water Purs- lane. 381. fruticosa, L. C. & S. Palo, Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor— Al linen. 1. Cat. Infrequent. 382. pumila, L. (includes (E. chrysantha, Mx.) Th. Ontonagon Falls— Whitney Cat.; So. Mich.— Wr. Cat. Infrequent. LUDYVIGIA 383. alternifolia, L. S. W, Dr. Wright. 384. spha3rocarpa, Ell. (?) Near Detroit— Dr. Cooley. 385. polycarpa, Short & Peter. C. & S. Dr. Pitcher and Dr. Clark. Rare. 386. palustris, Ell. L. P. Common. LYTHRAOEiE. {Loosestrife Family.) AMMANNIA Ammannia. 387. liumilis, Mx. S. "Michigan, 111., and southward"— Gray. Rare. LYTHRUM. Loosestrife^ 388. alatam, Ph. S. Near Detroit— Cooley MS.; S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Kalamazoo— Tuthill. NES^EA swamp l. 389. verticillata, HBK. C. & S. Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; Birmingham, Oakland Co. (!); So. Haven, etc. Infrequent. Prickly Pear. Indian Fig. CACTACEiE. {Cactus Family.) OPUNTIA 390. Rafiriesquii, Engelm. Common in Newaygo Co. along the Muskegon R. (!) ("a quite spiny form" Engelmann), and a stunted variety on sand barrens near Green- ville (!)— Mr. Satterlee; also, northward into British Am.— Engelmann. O. vulgaris does not occur. One-seeded Star Cucum ber. Wild Balsam apple. CUCURBITAOE^E. {Gourd Family.) SICYOS 391. angulatus, L. Put-in Bay, Lk. Erie (!), and undoubtedly within our limit?. ECHLNOCYSTIS 392. lobata, Torr. & Gr. 0. & S. Common in low woods along streams. Ionia (!); Lansing (!); So. Haven; Macomb County; Ann Arbor— Allmcnd. Cat., etc. Cultivated in the east for arbors, window-screens, etc., but rarely here. 3, Hare. 34 Carpet-weed. MICHIGAN FLOKA. FICOIDE^E. (Fig Family.) MOLLUGO 393. verticillafca, L. Roadsides and sandy fields. 0. & s. Common. Water Penny- wort. Water Penny- wort. Black Snake- root. Saniele. UMBELLIFERA (Parsley Family.) HYDKOCOTYLE 394. Americana, L. Common in C. 395. umbellata, L. L. P. Pine Lake, Lansing (!); Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!); S. Mich.— Wright Cat., etc. Much rarer than the preceding. Either grows on sandy shores or is wholly aquatic, with floating leaves. Saniele. Rattlesnake Master. Bntton Snake- root. Eringo. Polyta3nia. Cow-parsnip. Parsnip. SANICULA 396. Canadensis, L. (***) Hnbhardston (!); Flint; Ann Arbor— All. Cat., etc. woods. 39?. Marylandica, L. (***) Oak woods. EKYNGIUM 398. yuccpefolium, Mx. (,**) Dr. Wright. Cowbane. Hairy Arch- angelica. Great Angel- ica. Hemlock- Parsley. TOLYT^ENIA 399. Nuttallii, DO. Dr. Wright, also Gray. HERACLEUM 400. lanatum, Mx. (***) Low ground; tall and coarse. PASTINACA 401. saliva, L. Fields, etc. ARCHEMORA 402. rigida, DO. 0. &S. Beech and maple Infrequent. Th. Common. s. w. Rare. 8. Rare. Th. Common. Infrequent. 0. &s. Hubbardston(!); Ann Arbor.— All. Cat., etc. Not much N. of lat. 43°. Infr. 403. rigida, DC, var. ambigua, T. & Gr. Dr. Wright. ARCHAKGELICA 404. hirsuta, Torr. & Gr. (***) S. L. P. Emmet Co.— Winch. Cat.; Lansing (!); Pontiac(l); Detroit, etc. Dry banks and open woods 405. atropurpurea, Hoffman. (***) Occasional in S., common in C. & N. ; also, L. Sup.— Can. Cat SELIXUM 406. Canadense, Mx. (***) Ann Arbor— All. Cat. ; Macomb Co.; Flint; Hubbardston(!); and north. Infr. Infr. Th. Th, MICHIGAN FLORA. 35 Meadow-Pars* nip. Meadow-Pars- nip. Meadow-Pars- nip. Alexanders. Spotted-Hem- lock. Beaver-Poison. Musquash-root. Bulbous Cicuta. "Water- Pars- nip. Water-Pars- nip. Honewort. Chervil. Sweet Cicely. Hairy S. C. Poison Hem- lock. Harbinger-of- S prin g. Pepper-and- Salt. THASPIUM 407. aureum, Nutt. Th. Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor— Miss Allmcndinger; Sag. Bay, and Drummond's Is.— Winch. Cat. Not observed in Grand It. Valley, nor S. W. Freq. 408. aureum, Nutt, var. apterum, Gr. Low ground; very common in C. 409. trifoliatum, Gr. Flint; Put-in Bay (!); and S. TV.— Dr. Wright. PIMPENELLA 410. integerrima, Benth. & Hook. Dry soil. Very abundant in Grand-Saginaw Valley. CICUTA 411. maculata, L. (***) C. & S. C. & S. Rare. Th. Common. Th. Low meadows and swamps. Roots tuberous like the dahlia, and very poisonous. Com. 412. bulbifera, L. Th. Swamps. Common. SIUM 413. cicutsefolium, Gmelin. ( *** ) Th. Clinton Co. (!); S. Mich.— Winch. Cat., etc. Frequent. BEKULA 414. anguBtifolia, Koch. (***) S. Winchell, and Dr. Gray. Infrequent. CRYPTOTzENIA 415. Canadensis, DO. C. & S. Low woods. Common. CH^EROPHYLLUM 416. procumbens, Urantz. C. & 8. Low woods. Frequent in Grand River Valley (!); also Macomb Co. OSMORRHIZA 417. longistylis, DC. Th. Cultivated in gardens for its aromatic l-oot. Common. 418. brevistylis, DC. Th. "The prevailing species."— Winchell. Probably true of counties along the Huron shore. CONIUM 419. maculatum, L. ( * ) Infrequent in C. &. S. Common at Mackinac— Winch. Cat. ERIGENIA 420. bulbosa, Nutt. O. S 3. V delicate little plant in low woods, the flowers peeping from under matted leaves in earliest spring, often before the snow is gone. Common. Co in num. Th, Spikenard. Bristly Sar- saparilla. Wild Elder. ARALIACEjE. (Ginseng Family.) ARALIA 421. racemosa, L. (***) Spicy-aromatic; sometimes cultivated. 422. hispida, Ventenat. ( *** ) Apparently not south of the pine region. Th. Frequent. C. N. & U. P. Common. 36 MICHIGAN FLORA. "Wild Sarsapa- rilla. Ginseng. Ground-nut. Dwarf Gin- seng. 423. nudicaulis, L. ( 424. quinquef olia, Decsne. and Planch. ( ** ) Th. Very common. Th, 425. Sault Ste. Marie; Ludington CD; Stanton (!), in great abundance; Hub- bardston(!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Southwest— Wright Cat., etc. Usually- rare, but so common in places that it has been dug for profit, and nearly exterminated. Root aromatic, medicinal. trifolia, Decsne. & Planch. Very common in C. 0. &s. CORNACEiE. ( Dogwood Family. ) Dwarf Cornel. Bunch-berry. Flowering Dogwood. Round-leaved Dogwood. Silky Cornel. Kinnikinnick. Swamp Dog- wood. Red-osier Dogwood. Panicled Cor- nel. Alternate- leaved C. Pepperidge. Tupelo. Black •or Sour Gum. CORNUS 426. Canadensis, L. Rare, or not at all in S. 427. florida, L. (*) N. & IT. P. Very Common. c. &s. 428. circinata, I/Her. (**) 429. 430. 431. Frequent as far north as Grand-Saginaw Valley, usually as a low tree in oak woods. Montcalm Co. is its northern limit (?). Not given in Wis- consin State Cat. "Worthy of cultivation for itsshowv white blossoms, red fruit, and autumn foliage. Frequently blooms when only a bush, 3-4 ft. Th. Frequent. c. &s. Indians use the inner bark for smoking. Th. borders of streams, etc.; abundant on sand dunes of Emmet Very Common. sericea, L. (**) Perhaps further north. stolonifera, Mx. Marshes, Co. (!) paniculata, L'Her. The white flower eagerly devoured by partridges. 432. al tern if olia, L. Banks. The dead steins bright yellow. NYSSA 433. multiflora, Wang. L. P. Common. L. P. Frequent. c. & s. Edges of swamps as far north as Gratiot Co.(!). A small or medium-sized tree. Largest specimens seen, 2 to 3 ft. in diameter. Frequent. Twin flower. Wolf-berr y. Snowberrv. Snowberry. Indian Cur- rant. -Coral-berry. LINN^A 434. borealis, CAPKIFOLIACEA (Honeysuckle Family.) Gronovius. C N. & IT. P. Very abundant in N. & U. P. ; south to Grand river valley, and S. E. to Macomb Co. Probably in S. W. SYMPHORICARPUS 435. occidentals, K. Br. Ft. Gratiot— Austin; N. Mich.— Gray. 436. racemosus, Mx. C. N. & U. P. Rare. C. N. & IT. P. Along theGreat Lakes. Saginaw bav, and Alpena Co.— Winchell; L.Sup.- Can. Cat. Not observed in interior of L. P. Common in cultivation. 437. racemosus, Mx., var. pauciflorus, Bobbins. IT. P. Dr. Robbins. 438. vulgaris, Mx. (?) S. MICHIGAN FLOIIA. 3? Small Honey- suckle. LONICERA 439. parviflora, Lam. Small Honey- suckle. Hairy H. American Woodbine. Fly-Honey- suckle. Mountain F. Swamp F. Bush Honey, suckle. Horse- Gentian. Fever-wort. Common Elder. Sweet Elder, Red-berried Elder. L. Sup.— Whitney's Cat.; Petoskey(!1, where it appears distinct from the next; Ann Arbor— Miss Allmendinger; Macomb Co. 440. parviflora, Lam., var. Douglasii, Gr. Ionia(!); Montcalm Co.(!); Ann Arbor— All. Cat., etc. This and the former apparently run together in C, forms occurring that do not answer well to Gray's description of either species. Flowers bright yellow to crimson purple; corolla downy or nearly smooth; leaves glaucous. Swamps or dry soil. Common. 441. hirsuta, Eaton. Th. Frequent northward; rare in C. & S., Flint, and Macomb Co. 442. grata, Alton. Dr. Lyons. 443. involucrata, Banks. U. P. Mainland and Isle Royale. 444. ciliata, Muhl. Th. Common in C. 445. ccerulea, L. U. P. Dr. Lyons. 446. oblongifolia. Th. Macomb Co.; Stanton(!); Edmore(!); Isabella Co. (!), etc. More frequent in N. & U. P. Rare in S. DIERVILLA 447. trifida, Mcench. (***) Rocky woods and bluffs. TRIOSTEUM 448. perfoliatum, L. (**) Clinton Co.(!); Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co., etc. SAMBUCU3 449. Canadensis, L. (*) Follows settlements. 450. pubeus, Mx. Th. Very common. c. &s. Frequent. Com. Th. Sweet Vibur- num.' Black Haw. Withe-rod. Arrow-wood. Downy A. Maple-leaved A. Dockmackie. Few-flowered A. Cranberry tree. Bush Cran- berry. More northern in its range than the last. Variety with dissected leaves seen in Clare county. VIBURNUM 451. Lentago, L. Frequent in C. and S., and probably Tb. prunifolium, L. S. Dr. Lyons. nudum, L. 452. 453. Macomb Co.; Hubbardston (!); Stanton (!); Houghton Lk. (!); to L. Superior. Rivcrdale, Th. Gratiot Co. (!); Frequent. 454. dentatum, L. Lansing— Bailey; Macomb Co.— Cooley. pubescens, Ph. 455, 45G acerifolium, L. 457. paucinorum, Pylaie. Dr. LyonF. 458. Opulus, L. (***) Swamps and borders of streams. Infr. Th. Common. L. P. Freq. U. P. Th. Com. 38 MICHIGAN FLOBA. Hobbie-bush. 459. lantanoides, Mx. American Way- faring tree. U. P. Whitney's Cat. Mr. Whitney found none of the sp. abundant in the U. P. Cleavers. Goose Grass. Rough Bed- straw. Small B. Small B. Small B. Sweet-scented B. Hairy B. Wild Liquor, ice. Wild Liquor- ice. Northern Bed- straw. Button-bush. Partridge- berry. Houstonia. Houstonia. Houstonia. Bluets. RUBIAGE^E. {Madder Family) GALIUM 460. Aparine, L. ( *** ) 461. asprellum, Mx. 462. concinnum, Torr. & Gray. Flint; and Ann Arbor.— All. Cat. 463. trifidum, L. var. pusillum, Gr. Sphagnous swamps. Common in C. 464. trifidum, L., var. tinctorum, Gr. (***) Shore of Sag. Bay.— Winch. Cat., etc. 465. trifidum, L., var. latifolium, Gr. 466. triflorum, Mx. Freq. in C. & S., and very abundant northward. 467. pilosum, Aiton. Frequent as far north as Grand-Saginaw Valley. 468. circaezans, Mx. Th. Th. Freq. c. &s. Rare. Th. Th. 0. & S. Infrequent. Th. C. & S. o.&s. Common. Th. and S. Infr. 469. lanceolatum, Torrey. Riverdale, Gratiot Co. (!); Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co Mich.— Wr. Cat.; also, L. Sup.— Whitney. 470. boreale, L. Galium verum has run wild in a few places. Very common. CEPHALANTHUS 471. occidentals, L. [***) L. P. Swamps and flooded river-bottoms. Very common. MITCHELLA 472. repens, L. (***) Th. Prefers beech and maple, hemlock, or pine woods, under oaks. HOUSTONIA 473. purpurea, L. (?) Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. 474. purpurea, L., var. longifolia, Gr. Ionia(!), common; Clare Co.(!), abundant, etc.; to L. 475. purpurea, L., var. ciliolata, Gr. Dr. Wright. 476. coorulea, L. (?) and is seldom found Common. Th. Sup.— Can. Cat. s. Valerian. VALEKIANACE^E. ( Valerian Family. ) VALEKIANA 477. sylvatica, Mx. Sphagnous swamps, local. Frequently cultivated. C. & S., and probably MICHIGAN FLORA, Valerian. 478. edulis, Nutt. Ann Arbor and Macomb county. FEDIA 479. Fagopyrum, Torr. & Gr. Flint; Ionia (!); Lyons(!), etc. Lamb-Lettuce. 480. radiata, Mx. Mich.— Gray; Macomb Co.— Cooley Corn-Salad. Lamb-Lettuce S. E. Hare. c. & s. Not common. c. & s. Rare. Wild Teasel. DIPSACE/E. (Teasel Family.) DIPSACUS 481. sylvestris, Mill. C. & S. Fields and roadsides. Gratiot Co.(!); Ann Arbor; Detroit(!); Flint, etc. Infrequent. Iron- Weed. Iron- Weed. Blazing-Star. Button-Snake- root. Blazing-Star. Blazing-Star. Gay Feather. Blazin^-Star. Kuhnia. Joe-Pye Weed Tall Boneset. Smooth Bone set. Thorough- wort. Boneset. White Snake- root. COMPOSITE. (Composite Family.) VERNONIA 482. Baldwinii, Gr. River banks. Flint; S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. 483. fasciculata, Michx. 0. & S. Infrequent. C. & 8. River banks. Ionia Co.(!); Macomb Co.; Lansing, and •South Haven- Bailey. Common. LIATRIS 484. squarrosa, Willd. (***) C. & S. Montcalm Co.(!); Macomb Co. ; Ann Arbor; Grand Rapids. Dry soil. Infrequent. 485. cylindracea, Michx. Ionia Co.(!); Macomb Co., and southward. C. & s. Iterile open places. Not common. 486. scariosa, Willd. (***) C. & S. Rarely the flowers vary to white. Dry soil. Frequent. 487. spicata, Willd. (***) C. & S. Low grounds. Near Lansing; Ionia Co.(!); Macomb Co. Infrequent. 488. pyenostachya, Michx. S. Barrens. Near Mont Lake— Miss Clark; Grand Rapids— Coleman" Infrequent. KUHNIA 489. eupatorioides, L. Ionia Co.(!); S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. EUPATORIUM 490. purpureum, L. (***) Low grounds. 491. altissimum, L. (?) 492. sessilifolium, L. Copses. Macomb Co. ; S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. 493. perforatum, L. (*) Low grounds. 494. ageratoides, L. 0. & S. Infrequent. Th. Common. s. s. Woods. Th. Common* Th. Frequent* 40 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Mist- Flower. Sweet Colts- foot. Coltsfoot. Adenocaulon. "White Topped Aster. Starwort. Aster. Large-leaved Aster. Silky Aster. Spreading Aster. Smooth Aster. Azure Aster. "Wavy Aster. Heart-leaved Aster. Arrow-leaved Aster. Heath-like Aster. Many-flowered Aster. Tradescants' Aster. Dwarf Aster. Pale Aster. Thin-leaved Aster. Flesh-colored Aster. CONOCLINIUM 495. coelestinum, 1)0. "Rich soil. Michigan."— Gray. NARDOSMIA 496. palmata, Hook. "Swamps, Michigan, rare."— Gray. TUSSILAGO 497. Far far a, L. (***) Sault de Ste. Marie— "Whitney's Cat. ADENOCAULON 498. bicolor, Hook. Moist ground. Ontonagon River. SERICOCARPUS 499. conyzoides, N"ees. (?) ASTER 500. corymbosus, Ait. Woods. 501. macrophyllas, L. "Woods. s 502. sericeus, Vent. S. Michigan— Winch. Cat.; Dr. D. Houghton. BARRENS 503. patens, Ait. Dry grounds. AnnArhor; Macomb Co. 504. Isevis, L., var. lsevigatus, Gray. Border of oak woods. 505. azureus, Lindl. Sterile soil. Flint; Ann Arhor; Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co. 506. undulatus, L. Dry copses. Flint; Lansing(!); S.Mich. 507. cordifolius, L. Woods. 508. sagittifolius, Willd. Dry grounds. 509. ericoides, L., var. "villosus, Gr. Dry places. AnnArhor; Flint; Drummond's Is. 510. multiflorus, Ait. Sandy soil. 511. dumosus, L. Thickets. Macomb Co. ; Petoskey— Dr. D. Clark. 512. Tradescanti, L. Low grounds. 513. miser, L., Ait. Fields. Exceedingly variable. 514. simplex, Willd. Shady banks. Flint, etc. 515. tenuifolius, L. Low grounds. Flint; Macomb Co. 516. carnens, Nees. Moist soil. Flint; Macomb Co. N. U. P. Th. Infrequent. Th. Common. s. S. E. C. &S. Common. 0. &s. Infrequent. s. Common. Th. Common. Th. Frequent. 0. &s. Common. L. P. O. & S. Frequent. L. P. Common. L.P. Frequent. 0. &s. Frequent. L. P. Frequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. 41 Long-leaved Aster. New England Aster. Grass -leaved Aster. Horse "Weed. Butter Weed. Robin's Plan- tain. Common Flea- bane. Daisy Flea- bane. Sweet Scabi- ous. Daisy Flea- bane. Double-bris- tled Aster. Double-bris- tled Aster. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden rod. Golden-rod. 517. sestivus, Ait. Th. Swamps. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co., etc. nent. 518. longifolius, Lam. Th. Moist grounds. Ann Arbor— Winch. Oat.; U. I'.-W hitney Oat. Infrequent. 519. puniceus, L. Th. Low grounds. Common. 520. puniceus, L.,var. vimineus, Gray. Kent Co.; Flint. 521. NovsB-Angliae, L. C. I Moist grounds. "Worthy of cultivation. uent. 522. graminifolius, Pursh. I ". P, "Lake Superior, and northward "- Gray; Dr. Lyons. 523. acuminatus, Michx. S. Mich.— Wright's Cat.; U. P.— Whitney's Cat. 524. ptarmicoides, Torr. and Gray. Th. S. E. Michigan; Macomb Co.; and northward, ERIGERON 525. Canadense, L. (*) Th. "Waste grounds. Common. 526. acre, L. U. P. "Shores of Lake Superior"— Gray; Dr. A. B. Lyons. 527. bellidifolium, Muhl. 0. & S. Moist banks. Frequent. 528. Philadelphicum, L. (*) Th. Low grounds. Common. 529. glabellum, Nutt. U. P. Plains. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 530. annuum, Pers. (***) L. P. Fields. '»>"»■ 531. strigosum, Muhl. Th. Fields. Common. DIPLOPAPPUS 532. linariifolius, Hook. Dry soil. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 533. umbellatus, T. & G. Moist places. Ionia Co. (!); SOLID AGO 534. bicolor, L. Macomb Co. ; Ionia Co. (!). 535. bicolor, L-, var. concolor,Gr. lint; Macomb Co. ; and northw; Th. rd. Frequent, Drv places. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.: r'ently more common than the species. 53 G. latifolia, L Th. and oorthward. A.ppa« Th, All golden-rods furnish bees with pollen and nev some, however, more abundantly than others. A great many ints, in fact, furnish bees with honey, and, contrary to a common tion among " bee men," almost every plant one meets, especially tl it ve showy flowers, is quite likely to be "an excellent bee plant. Moist woods, frequent, hoi plai notion have showy Q.o\ 537. csssea, L. Rich woods. 538. stricta, Ait. Swamps. Ingham Co. (!); Ionia Co. (!); and northward. abundance near Lansing. -6 L. P. Frequent. < >ccora in great Infrequent. 42 Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden.rod. Golden. rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden-rod. Golden.rod. Golden-rod. Elecampane. Leaf-cup. Yellow Leaf- cup. MICHIGAN" FLOEA. 539. speciosa, Xutf. C. & S. Oak woods. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; and southward. Frequent. 540. Virga-aurea, L., var. humilis, Gr. Shores of L. Michigan from So. Haven northward; frequent at Petoskey. 541. Virga-aurea, var. L-, alpina, Bigel. U. P. Dr. Gray. 542. rigida, L. 0. & S. Dry, sandv ground. Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Ann Arbor; and southward. Worthy of cultivation. Infrequent. 543. thyrsoidea, E. Meyer. U. P. " Wooded sides of mountains."— Gray. 54 i. Ohioeusis, Kiddell. L. P. Moist meadows. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; MacombCo.; and northward. Frequent. 545. Riddellii, Frank. L. P. Swamps. Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co.; and northward. Frequent. 546. Houghtonii, Torr. & Gray. " North shore Lake Michigan."— Gray; Drummond's Is.— Winch. Cat. 547. neglecta, T. & Gr. Swamps. Ionia Co., and northward. Infrequent. 548. patula, Muhl. C. & S. Borders of swamps. Common. 549. arguta, Ait. Th. Meadows and fields, variable. Varieties juncea and scabrella both occur. Frequent. 550. Muhlenbergii, Torr. & Gray. Low grounds. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Grand Rapids.— Coleman's Cat. 551. altissima, L. Th. Borders of fields. Common. 552. ulmifolia, Muhl. L. P. Borders of woods. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; S. W.— Winch. Cat. Infrequent. 553. ii em oral is, Ait. Th. Dry, sandy soil. Common. 554. Canadensis, L. Th. Fields. Common. 555. serotina, Ait. Th. Borders of woods. Frequent. 556. gigantea, Ait. C. & S. Copses and fence rows. Common. 557. lanceolata, L. Th. Moist soil. Frequent. INULA 558. Helenium, L. (**) Roadsides,— escaped from gardens. Infrequent. POLYMNIA 559. Canadensis, L. C. & S. Shaded river banks. Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co.; Flint; S. Michigan. Infrequent. 560. Uvedalia, L. (***) S. S. Michigan,— Wright's Cat. MICHIGAN FLORA, 43 Rosin-weed. Compass Plant. Prairie Dock. Cup- plant. Great Rag- weed. Roman Worm- wood. Rag-weed. Hog-weed. Bitter-weed. Common Cocklebur. 0. & s. Ox-eye. Purple Cone- flower. Cone-flower. Cone- flower. Cone-flower. Cone-flower. Sunflower. Sunflower. Sunflower. Sunflower. Sunflower. 0. Abundant. c. & s. Common. 0. & s. Co mm »n. SILPHIUM 561. laciniafcnm, L. S S. Mich— Wright's Cat. 562. terebinthinaceum, L. (***) C. & S, Oak openings. Ionia(!); Macomb Co. ; and south ward. Infrequent 563. integrifolium, Michx. S. W.— University Herb. 564. perfoliatum, L. S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. AMBROSIA 565. trifida, L. (***) Low grounds along Grand and Maple Rivers, abundant, etc. 566. artemisiasfolia. (***) Roadsides. A worthless weed. XANTHIUM 567. strumarium, L., var. echinatum, Gr. (**) Waste places and along river banks. HELIOPSIS 568. lsevis, Pers., var. scabra, Gr. Banks. ECHINACEA 569. purpurea, Mceuch. Uniy. Herb. RUDBECKIA 570. laciniata, L. (***) Low grounds. 571. speciosa, Wenderoth. Dry soil. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co. ; Ann Arbor. 572. fulgida, Ait. Ann Arbor.— Miss Clark; Grand Rapids. —Coleman's Cat., etc 573. hirta, L. Dry soil. LEPACHYS 574. pinnata, T. & G. Dry ground. Ionia Co. (!); Grand Rapids; S. Mich. HELIANTHUS 575. rigidus, Desf. Dry soil. Ann Arbor.— Winch. Cat. 576. lsetiflorus, Pers. Grand Rapids.— Coleman's Cat. 577. occidentals, Riddell. S. \\\ Th. Frequent. o. & s. Frequent. o. & s. Th. Common. 0. & s. Infrequent. S. c. & s. Sterile soil. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Grand Rapids; Macomb Co. ; etc. InfrequenL 578. giganteus, L. ( • « °- Low grounds; variable. Ionia Co.(t); Flint; Ann Arbor; Macomb Co. Forms of this and the following species are very puMllng.and the two ought probably to be considered as one polymorphous species. \ om. 579. grosse-serratus, Martens. Dry plains. Ionia (1); Grand Rapids, etc. Frequent. 44 MICHIGAN FLORA. Sunflower. 580. divaricatus, L. C. & S. Dry woods. Common. Sunflower. 581. strumosus, L. C. & S. Dry soil. Frequent. Sunflower. 582. hirsutus, Raf. C. & S. Dry soil. Flint; Grand Rapids,— Coleman's Cat.; Ann Arbor; and S. W. Sunflower. 583. tracheliifoliits, Willd. 0. & S. Copses. Grand Rapids.-Coleman's Cat. ; S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. Sunflower. 584. decapetalus, L. 0. & S. Low grounds. Frequent. Sunflower. 5S5. doronicoides, Lam. 0. & S. Banks of Maple and Grand River (!); Ann Arbor; and Grand Rapids. Jerusalem 5SG. tulerosus, L. Artichoke. Sparingly escaped from gardens. ACTINOMERIS Actinomeris. 587. squarrosa, Nutfc. S. Coreopsis Coreopsis. 589 Coreopsis. 500. Coreopsis. 591. Coreopsis. 592. Coreopsis. 593. Coreopsis. Rich soil. S. COREOPSIS 588. lanceolata, L. Sandy shores of Lake Huron; Little Traverse Bay; and Lake Superior. Worthy of cultivation for its showy flowers. verticillata, L. Gray, and Lyons. pal mat a, Nutt. S. Mich.,— Wright's Cat. tripteris, L. S. Detroit(l); Macomb Co. ; Oakland Co.(!); S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. Not seen in C. and W. part of the State. aristosa, Michx. C. & S. Swamps. Ionia Co.(!); Lansing (!); Grand Rapids; S. Mich.— Univ. Herb. Frequent. trichosperma, Michx. 0. & S. Swamps. Flint; Montcalm Co. (!); Ionia Co. (!); S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. Common in pine country, infrequent elsewhere. Flowers a beautiful golden yellow. Frequently, in September, swamps of large size may be seen so full of this Coreopsis that at a little distance they seem one mass of yellow. disco-idea, Torr. & Gray. Wet ground. Ionia Co. Scarce. 594. BIDEXS Common Beggar-ticks. 595. frondosa, L. Low grounds. A troublesome weed Swam]) Beggar-ticks. 59G. ccmnata, Muhl. Low grounds. Nodding Bur Marigold. 597. cernua, L. Wet places. Bur-Mari- gold. 598. chrysanthemoides, Michx. Swamps. Water Mari- gold. 599. Beckii, Torr. S.Mich.— Wright's Cat.; Ann Arbor; in the central part of the State. c. &s. Common. c. &s. Common. c. &s. Frequent. Th. Common. Wexford Co.— Cooley. Not observed MICHIGAN" FLORA. 45 HELENIUM ) Sneeze-weed. 600. autumnille, L. (***) (j. & g t River banks. Common. MARUTA Mayweed 601. Cotlda, DO. (**) Til. Dog Fennel. Roadsides, etc. Everywhere very common. ACHILLEA Yarrow. 1 602. Millefolium, L. (**) Th. Fields. Common. LEUCANTHEMUM Ox-eye Daisy. 603. vulgare, Lam. Th. Meadows and pastures. A vile weed, becoming frequent in E. ft 3. parts of the State. MATRICARIA 60-1. inoclora, L. Flint. Rare. TANACETUM Tansy. 605. vulgare, L. (**) Escaped from gardens. Frequent. 606. Huronense, Nutt. Sand dunes at the head of Little Traverse Bay, and northward. Frequent. ARTEMISIA 607. borealis, Pallas. "Shore of Lake Superior and northward."— Gray. wild worm cog. Canadensis, Mich*. C. N. & U. P. wood. Sand dunes. OttawaCo.; Emmet Co.; to Lake Superior. 609. caudata, Michx. C. & S. Sandy fields. Ionia Co. (!); Montcalm Co. (!); S. Haven.— Dai ley. Infrequent. western Mug. 610. Ludoviciana, Nutt., var. gnaphalodes, Gr. S. W. Dry banks. Niles.— J. T. Scoville; Univ. Herb. common Mug- 611. vulgaris, L. (***) wort ' Waste places. Infrequent Biennial 612. biennis, Willd. Wormwood. A road-side weed, lately introduced and rapidly extending throughout the State. wSwood. 613. Absinthium, L. (*) Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Gratiot Co. (!). Sparingly escaped from gardens. 614. frigida, Willd. U. P. M Lake Superior."— Gray. GNAPHALIUM • Everlasting. 615. decuiTens, Ives. Th. Fields. Abundant in the pine region. Cultivated as an " Immortelle " in Germany. Common. commonEver- 616. polycephalum, Michx. (***) Th. lasting ' Fields. Common. Low cud. 617. ulisfinosum, L. C & v . WPPfl Roadsides in clayey soil. Frequent. Purplish c. 618. purpureum, L. Only reported from Macomb Co. by Dr. D. Cooley. 46 MICHIGAN FLORA. Pearly Evei lasting. Plantain- leaved Ever- lasting. Fireweed. Indian Plan- tain. Pale Indian Plantain. Tuberous Indian Plan- tain. Common Groundsel. Gclden rag- wort. Squaw-weed. Life-root. Common Thistle. Pitcher's Thistle. Tall Thistle. Swamp Thistle. Pasture Thistle.! Canada Thistle. AXAPHALIS 619. margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. (***) Montcalm Co. (!); Petoskey (!); and Mackinac. ANTENNARIA 620. plantaginifolia, Hook. Dry fields. ERECHTHITES 621. hieracifolia, Raf. (***) New clearings. CACALIA 622. suaveolens, L. Lodi.— Miss Clark, in Winch. Cat. 623. atriplicifolia, L. Woods. Ionia Co. (I); S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. 624. tuberosa, Nutt. S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. SENECIO 625. vulgaris, L. Flint; Macomb Co.; S. W. Mich.— Wright's Cat. 626. aureus, L. 627. aureus, L., var. obovatus, Gr. More common southward. 628. aureus, L., var. Balsamitse, Gr. Dry ground. Abundant northward. ARNICA Infrequent. Th. Common. L. P. Common. c. &s. Frequent. s. Th. Common. Th. 629. mollis, Hook. Shores of Lake Superior and N. W. Cat. U. P. -Gray; Copper Harbor— Whitney's CNICUS 630. lanceolatus, Hoffiri. Th. Road-sides and fields. Common. 631. Pitcheri, Torr. Sand dunes. South Haven; and northward to L. Superior; Sand point, Saginaw Bay. Frequent. 632. undulatus (Spreng.). N. & U. P. " Islands of L. Huron and Michigan."— Gray; Drummond's I.— Winch. Cat. 633. discolor, Muhl. C. & S. Meadows. Montcalm Co.(!); Ionia Co.(!); Flint; and southward. Flowers sometimes white. Infrequent. 634. altissimus, Willd. C. & S. Dry fields. Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co. Infrequent. 635. muticus, Ph. Th. Swamps. Flowers sometimes white. Frequent. 636. pumilus, Torr. S. S. W. Mich.— Wright's Cat.; Grand Rapids— Coleman's Cat. 637. arvensis, Hoffm. Th. Fields. A vile pest. Infrequent in centre of the State, but increasing rapidly, and already troublesome in some localities. Our Canada thistle law ought to be rigidly enforced. MICHIGAN FLORA. 4? ONOPORDON Cotton, or Scotch Thistle. C38. Acantlrium, L. Grand Rapids (!). Rare LAPPA Burdock. 639. officinalis, AH., var. major, Gr. (**) Th. Waste places. Common. CICHORIUM Succory or Chicory. 640. Intylus, L. (***) Th. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Detroit, etc. Roadsides. Infrequent KRIGIA Dwarf Dande- 641. Vil'ffhlica, Willd. lion. ° ' Barrens. N. part of Clare Co.(!) CYNTHIA Cynthia. 642. Virginica, Don. C. & S. Moist hillsides. Frequent. HIERACIUM Canada Hawk- 643. Canadense, Michx. (***) Th. weed - Woods. Frequent. Rough Hawk- 644. scabrum, Michx. (***) Th. weed - Woods. Common. Long-bearded 645. longipilum, ToiT. L. P. Ilawkweed. Fields. Macomb Co.; Traverse City; S. W.-Wright Cat. Scarce. Hairy Hawk- 646. Gronovii, L. (***) C. & S. weed - Dry soil. Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co.; S. W. Mich.— Wright Cat. Infrequent. Rattlesnake 647. venosum, L. (***) L. P. wee d. Dry soil in pine woods, or on Oakland. A form has been seen at Ionia not having purple veins in the root leaves. Frequent. c. &s. Panicled Ilawkweed. 648. paniculatum, L. Lansing(!); Macomb Co.; S. Mich.— Wright Cat. Scarce. White Let- tuce. Tall White Lettuce. Th. Common. Th. Frequent. Th. XABALUS 649. albus, Hook. (***) Woods. 650. altissimus, Hook. Rich woods. 651. racemosus, Hook. Flint; Macomb Co.; shore of L. Mich., near Sitting Rabbit— Winch. Cat. S. W.— Wright Cat., etc. 652. asper, Torr. & Gray. (?) S. TARAXICUM 653. Dens-leonis, Desf. (*) Th. Fields everywhere. LACTUCA 654. Canadensis, L. Th. Rich soil. Frequent. Wild Lettuce. 655. integrifolia, Bigel. (?) wild Lettuce. 656. sanguinea, Bigel. 0. & S. Hubbardston(!); Gratiot Co.(!), etc. False blue 657. foliosa. Flint; Macomb Co.; and northward to L. Superior. Dandelion. Wild Lettuce. Common. Lettuce. 48 MICHIGAN FLORA. wild Lettuce. 658. pulchella, DO. " Upper Michigan," — Prof. Porter. Wild Lettuce. 659. villosa, Jacq. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. wild Lettuce. GGO. Floridana, Gsertn. Grand Rapids— Coleman's Cat. U. P. SONCHUS Common Sow- 661. oUraCCllS, L. T h i s 1 1 G Waste places. Macomb Co. ; Montcalm Co. [\)\ northward to L. Superior. Frequent. Th. Frequent. Spiny-leaved CG5. asper, Vill. Sow-Thistle. l ' Waste places. tSSi? w " 663> arvensis > L » Grand Rapids— Coleman's Cat. Cardinal Flower. Great Lobelia. Blue Lobelia. Kalm's Lo- belia. Dwarf Blue L. Indian To- bacco. LOBELIACEiE. (Lobelia Family.) LOBELIA GG4. cardinalis, L. (***) Th. River banks. Flowers rarely rose-colored or even white. Showy and easily cultivated. Common. GG5. syphilitica, L. (***) L. P. Low grounds. Flowers vary to white. Common. 6GG. Dortmanna, L. U. P. Isle Royale— Dr. A. B. Lyons. GG7. spicata, Lam. L. P. Oak openings. Frequent. GGS. Kalmii, L. Th. Wet banks, and rocks along shore. Ionia Co. (!); Ann Arbor; Oakland Co. (!); Petoskey{!); to L. Superior. Frequent. GGO. inflata, L. (*) 0. & S. Pastures. Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Oakland Co. (!); Put-in Bay. Scarce. CAMPANULACE^E. (Bell-flower Family.) SPECULARIA S?;S" Look 070. perfoliata, A. DC. D '° ' Gravelly fields. Clinton Co, (!); S. E.—Univei Harebell. Bluebell. Marsh Bell- flower. Tall Bell- flower. CAMPANULA 671. rotund if olia, L. C. & S. sity Herb, etc. Scarce. Th. A very pretty species, worthy to be cultivated in every garden. A can- escent form grows at Burt's Lake, Cheboygan Co.— var. canesnens, Hill. Sandy banks and lake shores. Common. 672. apari no-ides, Ph. Wet grassy grounds. G?3. Americana, L. Th. Common. c. & s. Moist woodlands. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co. ; Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. Frequent. Blue Tangle, or Blue Huck- leberry. Black Huckle- berry. Dwarf Blue- berr3 r . Canada Blue- berry. Low Blue- berry. Swamp Blue- berry. Bilberry. MICHIGAN FLORA. 49 ERICACEAE. {Heath Family.) GAYLUSSACIA 674. frondosa, Ton*. & Gray. Low copses. Flint; Ypsilanti (!); Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. 675. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. Hillsides. VACCINIUM 676. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Th. Dry hills and barrens. " The lowest and earliest-fruited of the blueber- ries "—Gray, Synopt. Flora of N. A. Common. 677. Canadense, Kalm. Th. Swamps. Common. 678. vacillans, Solander. Th. Barrens. Common northward, but rare in C. ft S. This species furnishes large quantities of berries for market in the northern lake region. c. & s. Scarce. Th. Frequent. 679. corymbosum, L. Swamps. Yielding abundantly; variable. 680. uliginosum, L. Th. Common. "Shore of Lake Superior "—Gray; Isle Royale and White Fish Ft., L. Su- perior—Henry Gillman. U. P. Pt., L. I U. P. Cowberry. Mountain Cranberry. Small Cran- berry. Large American Cranberry. Creeping Snowberry. Bearberry. Trailing Ar- butus. May Flower. Ground Laurel. "Wintergreen. Checkerberry' Wild Rose- mary. 681. cgespitosum,Michx., var. cuneifolium, Nutt. Gray, Fl. N. A.; Lyons. 682. myrtilloides, Hook. U. P. -Damp woods L. Superior."— Gray, Fl. N. A. 683. ovalifolium, Smith. U. P. Woods Lake Superior, S. shore— Robbins. 684. Vitis-Idsea, L. (?) N. shore L. Superior— Dr. A. B. Lyons; and probably in our district. 685. Oxycoccus, L. Th. Sphagnous Swamps. Ann Arbor; Ionia Co. (!);andnorthwavd. Infrequent. 686. macrocarpou, Ait. Th. Bogs. The common Cranberry of the market. Common. CHIOGENES 687. hispidula, Torr. and Gray. Th. S. Mich.— Wright's Cat; Ionia Co.(!); Montcalm Co. (!); Fctoskey (!), etc. Sphagnous Swamps. Infrequent. AKCTOSTAPHYLOS 688. TJva-ursi, Spreng. (*) Th. Sandy soil. Abundant northward, but rare S. of lat. 43°. EPIG^EA 689. repens, L. (***) Th. Borders of marshes, and woods in sandy soil. Rare S., frequent in ('., and common northward. Specimens with double llowcrs were found in the vicinity of Hubbardston in 1879. GAULTHERIA 690. procumbens, L. (*) Low woods, and borders of swamps. ANDROMEDA 691. polifolia, L Th. Common. Tli. Sphagnous swamps, S. Mich.— Wright's Cat. ; Ionia Co.(!). Frequent. 7 50 MICHIGAN FLORA. CASSANDRA Leather-leaf. 692. calyculata, Don. Swamps. Th. Common. Sheep Laurel. Lamb-kill. Swamp Laur'l. KALMIA 693. angustifolia, L. (***) llillsides. Tawas City and Thunder Bay, common— Winch. Cat. 694. glauca, Ait. (***) Th. Bogs. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. ; Ionia Co.(!); Macomb Co.; northward. Infrequent. LEDUM Labrador Tea. 695. latifolium, Ait. (***) 0. N. & U. P. Swamps and bogs. Common northward, but not observed south of Far- well, Clare Co. Pipsissewa. Prince's Pine. Spotted Winterjrreen. CHIMAPHILA 696. umbellata, Nutt. (*) Th. Pine woods. Common. 697. maeulata, Pursh. (***) 0. & S. Oak woods. Ionia( !) ; Bangor and South Haven, Van Buren Co. ; Fl int. Rare or local. Moneses. Ore-flowered Pyrola. Shin-leaf. Wintergreen. Shin-leaf. AVintergreen. Shin-leaf. Wintergreen. Shin-leaf. Wintergreen. Pear-leaf Wintergreen. MONESES 698. uniflora, Gray. Pine forests. Flowers very fragrant when a little wilted. Montcalm Co.(!); Flint; Ft. Gratiot— Winch. Cat.; and northward. Rare. PYROLA 699. minor, L. " Cold woods, L. Superior "—Gray. 700. secunda, L. Rich woods. 701. chlorantha, Swartz. Pine woods. Rare south of lat. 43° 702. elliptica, Nutt. U. P. Th. Common. C. N. & U. P. Frequent. Rich woods. Ann Arbor; Ionia Co.(!); northward to L. Superior. Common. 703. rotundifolia, L. Dry oak woods. 704. rotundifolia, L., var. asarifolia, Hook. The Cove, L. Huron— Winch. Cat. 705. rotundifolia, L., var. uliginosa, Gray. L. Superior— Prof. J. Macoun. Th. Common. Pine-drops. Indian Pipe. Corpse-plant. Pine Sap. False Beech- drops. PTEROSPORA 706. andromedea, Nutt. Sitting Rabbit— Winch. Cat.; Carp river, U. P.— Whitney Cat. MONOTROPA 707. uniflora, L. Th. Damp woods. Frequent. 708. Hypopitys, L. Oak and pine woods. Macomb Co.; Ft. Gratiot— Austin; to Ontonagon River, L. Superior— Whitney Cat. Infrequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. 51 Black Alder. Winterberry. Mountain Holly. ILEX 709. AQUIFOLIACE^E. {Holly Family.) verticillafca, Gray. (**) Th. Low grounds. The bright red berries are very noticeable in swamps dur- ing the winter. This shrub is readily transplanted, and should be oftener planted in small grounds. NEMOPANTHES 710. Canadensis, DC. Borders of swamps. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. Flint; Macomb Co. ; and northward. Ionia Co.(!); Th. Montcalm Co. (!); Frequent. Common Plantain. Ripple-grass. Rib-grass. English Plaintain. PLANTAGINACEiE. {Plantain Family.) PLANTAGO 711. cordata, Lam. C. & S. Borders of streams. S. Mich.— "Wright Cat.; Tuscola Co.— "Winch. Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); Clinton Co.(!j; Flint; Macomb Co. Frequent. 712. major, L. (***) Th. "Waysides and about dwellings everywhere. Decaisne's variety minima occurs in salt marshes,— Maple river, Clinton Co., etc. Common. 713. Rugelii, Decaisne. "Waste places. Often confounded with the previous species. Frequent. 714. lanceolata, L. (***) 0. & S. Meadows and fields. Too common. 715. Virginica, L. ( ?) Coleman Cat. Shooting Star. American Cowslip. Primrose. Star-flower. Chickweed- "Wintergreen. Loosestrife. Loosestrife. Loosestrife. PRIMULACE^E. {Primrose Family.) DODECATHEOX 716. Meadia, L. S. Moist, shaded grounds. Gray, Flora of X. A. ; Dr. A. B. Lyons. PRIMULA 717. farinosa, L. N. & U. P. Shores of Little Traverse Bay(!); Drummond's Island— Winch. Cat.; L Superior— Whitney Cat. 718. Mistassinica, Mx. S. E.,— University Herb; Lake Superior— Whitney Cat. TRIEN TALIS. 719. Americana, Pursh. Th. Damp woods. Common. STEIRONEMA 720. ciliatum, Raf. Th. Swamps. Common. 721. lanceolatum, Gray, var. hybridum, Gr. C. & S. Low grounds. Exceedingly variable. Frequent. 722. longifolium, Gray. C. & S. Banks of streams. Ann Arbor and Ft. Gratiot— Winch. Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); Flint, etc. Frequent. 52 MICHIGAN FLORA. Loosestrife. Loosestrife. Tufted Loose- strife. Common Pimpernel. Water Pim- pernel. LYSIMACHIA 723. quadrifolia, L. C. & S. Sandy soil. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Ionia Co.f!); Montcalm Co.(!) "acomb Co. Th. Flint; Macomb Co. 724. stricta, Ait. Borders of marshes. A form of this species was found in a sphagnous swamp near Hubbardston, hearing, bulblets in the axils instead of flowers. Frequent. 725. thyrsiflora, L. Th. Swampy soil. Common. ANAGALLIS 726. arvensis, L. (***) Ann Arbor— Mary H. Clark. SAMOLUS 727. Valerandi, L., var. Americanus, Gray. Springy places. Common aloDg Maple riven!); Flint; Macomb Co.; N. W.,— University Herb. Bladderwort. Bladderwort. LENTIBULACE^E. (Bladderwort Family.) UTKICULAKIA 728. vulgaris, L. Bladderwort. Bladderwort. Butterwort. Th, Slow streams. Throat of corolla orange, veined with brown-purple. Frequent. 729. minor, L. Th. Shallow water. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Hubbardston(l); Montcalm, Co.(!). Th. Bladderwort. 730. intermedia, Hayne. Shallow water. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co.; northward. Infrequent. 731. gibba, L. Old Mission, Grand Traverse Co.— E. J. Hill. 732. resupinata, B. D. Greene. Very abundant on the east shore of Woodard lake, in Ionia Co., the only known locality in the State. Was found near Erie, Pa., last year. Dr. Wright's U. purpurea is probably this species. PINGUICULA 733. vulgaris, L. U. P. Wet rocks. Whitney's Catalogue; Isle Royale,— Dr. A. B. Lyons. OROBANCHACEA (Broom-rape Family.) One-flowered Cancer-root. Squaw-root. APHYLLON 734. uninorum, Gray. (***) Th. Damp woodlands. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. ; Flint; Lake Superior.— Whit. Cat. Infrequent. 735. fasciculatum, Gray. " Sandy ground, Lake Michigan,"— Gray. CONOPHOLIS 736. Americana, Wallr. (***) Moist Woods. Ann Arbor; S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co. MICHIGAN FLORA. 53 Beech-drops. 'Cancer-root. EPIPHEGUS 737. Virginians, Bart. (***) Beech woods. Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co., etc. Very common in Grand-Saginaw Valley. SCROPHULARIACE/E. {Fig wo rt Fam ily . ) Common Mullein. Moth Mullein. Wild Toad- Flax. Toad-Flax, Butter and Eggs. Innocence. Collinsia. VERBASCUM 738. Thapsus, L. /***\ Fields and road sides every where,— a common weed, land under the name of Aaron's Rod. L. P. Cultivated in Eng- Ionia Co.(!); Detroit (!); Lansing (!), etc. 739. Blatlaria, L. Road sides. S. Mich LUSTAKIA 740. Canadensis, Dtimont. S. shore of Saginaw Bay— Winch. Cat.; Barrens, in Clare Co. (!). Infrequent or wanting in C. and S. Mich. 741. vulgaris, Mill. (***) Road sides. Spreading from cultivation, but not yet a troublesome weed. COLLINSIA 742. verna, Nutt. C. & S. Figwort. ''Simpson's Honey Plant.' Snake Head. Turtle Head. Balmony. Beard-tongue. Beard-tongue. Monkey- flower. Monkey- flower. Monkey- flower." Hedge Hyssop. A beautiful little annual with blue and white flowers; worthy of cultiva- tion. Moist woods. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; S. W.— Wright's Cat.; Ionia Co.(!), and probably reaches its N. limits in Gratiot Co.(!) 743. parviflora, Dougl. U. P. "Shady, moist ground, Upper Michigan."— Gray Fl. X. A. SCROPHULARIA 744. nodosa, L. (***) C. & S. Rich soil. A valuable honey plant. Frequent. CHELONE 745. glabra, L. (***) Th. Borders of streams. Frequent. PENTSTEMO^ 746. pubescens, Solander. C. & S. Dry soil. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Ionia C 0.(1); Flint; Macomb Co. Common. var. Digitalis, Gr. (?) 747. laevigatuSj Solander May occur in the S. MIMULUS 748. ringens, L. Wet places. 749. alatus, Solander. S. W.— Wright Cat. 750. Jamesii, Torr. & Gray Abundant at Mackinac— Winch Th. Common. -Cray. Thl« Oat.; "Upper Michigan. species reaches its S. limits (?) in IoniaCo.(l), where il la rarely found growing near cool springs. GKATIOLA 751. Virginiana, L. (?) S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. 54 MICHIGAN FLOEA. False Pimper- nel. Mudwort. Synthyris. Culver's Physic. Water Speed- well. American Brooklime. Marsh Speed- well. Common Speedwell. Alpine Speed- well. Thyme-leaved Speedwell. Purslane Speedwell. Corn Speed- well. Neckweed. ILYSANTHES 752. gratioloides, Benth. Low grounds. LIMOSELLA 753. aquatica, L., var. tenuifolia, Hoffmann. Dr. A. B. Lyons. SYNTHYRIS 754. Hough toniana, Benth. 0. &S. Frequent. Blue-hearts. Lousewort Foxglove. Downy Fox- glove. Smooth Fox- glove. Gerardia. Gerardia. Purple Gerar- dia. Oak barrens. S. Mich.— Wright's Cat.; Saranac. Probably reaches here its N. Ionia limits. Co.(!), three miles S. of Rare. VERONICA 755. Virginica, L. (*) c. &s. Rich woods. Furnishes the officinal Leptandrin. Common. 756. Anagallis, L. Ditches. c. &s. Frequent. 757. Americana, Schweinitz. (***) Brooks. Th. Common. 758. scutellata, L. Swamps. Th. Frequent. 759. officinalis, L. (***) Dry hills. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. s. Scarce. 760. alpina, L. Winchell Cat. U. P. 761. serpyllifolia, L. Open grounds. Th. Frequent. 762. peregrin a, L. Moist grounds everywhere. Th. Common. 763. arvensis, L. Cultivated and waste grounds. c. &s. Common. 764. agrestis, L. Sandy fields. Coleman Cat. ; and Flint. Rare. 765. Buxbaumii, Tenore. Waste grounds. Coleman Cat. BUCHNERA 766. Americana, L. 0. &s. Moist sandy ground. S. W.— "Wright Cat. GERARDIA ; Flint; Coleman Cat. Infrequent. 767. pedicularia, L. Woods. L. P. Frequent. 768/ flava, L. Open woods. 0. &s. Frequent. 769. quercifolia, Pnrsh. Oak woods. 0. &s. Frequent. 770. auriculata, Michx. Wright Cat. s. 771. laevigata, Raf. Coleman Cat. ; Flint; Dr. Lyons. s. 772. aspera, Douglas. a, N. & U. P. Low ground. Ionia Co. (!); MontcalmCo.(!); Sitting Rabbit— Winch. Cat. This soecies probably reaches its E. limits in Ionia Co. MICHIGAN FLORA. 55 Purple Gerar- clia. Slender Gerar- dia. Slender Gerar. dia. Scarlet Paint- ed-cup. Eyebright. Lousewort. Lousewort. Yellow Battle. Cow-Wheat. L. P. 773. purpurea, L. Moist, sandy ground near the Great Lakes. 774. purpurea, L., var. paupercula, Gr. Oakland Co.(!) 775. tenuifolia, Vahl. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. 776. tenuifolia, Vahl., var. asperula, Gr. See Bot. Gazette, vol. 4, no. 5. CASTILLEIA 777. coccinea, Spreng. Th. Wet and dry grounds. Varies in color of bracts from scarlet to yellow. 778. pallida, Kunth, var. septentrionalis, Gray. Lake Superior— Gray. EUPHRASIA Common. 779. officinalis, L. (***) "Shore of Lake Superior."— Gray; Isle lioyale.— Whitney Cat PEDICULARIS 780. Canadensis, L. Moist banks and woodlands. 781. lanceolata, Michx. Swamps. RHIXANTHUS 782. Crista-galli, L. "Lake Superior."— Gray, Fl. N. A. MELAMPYRUM 783. American um, Michx. Sandy woods. U. P. Th. Common. 0. & s. Frequent. U. P. Th. Common. Ruellia. Ruellia. Water Willow. AOANTHACEA ( Acanthus Family. ) RUELLIA 784. ciliosa, Pursh. Dry grounds. Wright Cat.; 785. strepens, L. S. Dry soil. Wright Cat. dia:nthera 786. Americana, L. In shallow water. Ann Arbor-Winch. Cat.; Put-In-Bay (!); *. Haveu- Bailey. Lopseed. VERBENACEiE. {Verbena Family.) PHRYMA 787. Leptostachya, L. ' • Moist woods. Pt.au Chene— Winch. Cat. ; Flint; Macomb Oo.j B. Mich, Wright Cat.; Ionia Co. (!) Inlrcquent. 56 MICHIGAN FLORA. White Vervain. Narrow Leaved Vervain. Blue Vervain. Frog-Fruit. VERBENA 78S. urticifolia, L. (***) Waste places. 789. angustifolia, Michx. Dry grounds. Winch. Cat. ' =:•: -■;■: ■}• 790. hastata, L. Roadsides. 791. bracteosa, Michx. Waste places. Coleman Cat.; Kalamazoo— Bailey. LIPPIA 792. lanceolata, Michx. (?) Coleman Cat. Th. Common. s. Th. Common. LABIATE. Germander. Wood Sage. Horse-weed. Stone- root. Rich-weed. Spearmint. Peppermint. Horse-mint. Bugle-weed. Water Hore- hound. Water Hore- hound. Hyssop, Basil. Basil. (Mint Family.) TEUCRIUM 793. Canadeuse, L. (***) 0. & S. Low grounds. Common. COLLIXSONIA 794. Canadensis, L. 0. &. S. Rich woods. Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Detroit; Ann Arbor; and S. W.— Winch. Cat. Frequent. MENTHA 795. viridis, L. (*) Roadsides. Escaped from cultivation. Frequent. 796. piperita, L. (*) Th. Along streams. Extensively cultivated in St. Joseph and Wayne counties for the oil. Michigan produces about two-fifths of the world's crop. St. Joseph county leads in production, followed by Wayne county, and then by Wayne county, N. Y., which is the only other locality in the United States where peppermint is grown to great extent. The annual production in Michigan varies greatly, ranging from 20,000 to 60,000 pounds of oil. Some growers estimate the yield, in exceptionally favor- able years, as high as 75,000 pounds. In severe seasons the plants are very apt to winter kill.— T. F. W r ood, et al. 797. Canadensis, L. Low grounds. LYCOPUS 798. Virginicus, L. Low grounds. 799. sinuatus, Ell. /*#\ 800. rubellus, Moench. (***) Clinton Co.(!) HYSSOPUS 801. officinalis, L. (***) Escaped from gardens. Flint; S. W.— W r inch. Cat. PYCNANTHEMILtf 802. lanceolatnm, Pursh. Low grounds. Ionia Co. (!); Flint Common. Th. Common. Th. Common. Th. Frequent. Infrequent. 803. linifolium, Pursh. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. C. &S. Macomb Co. ; and southward. Frequent. s. MICHIGAN FLORA. 57 Creeping Thyme. Calaminth. Basil. American Pennyroyal. Bee-Balm. Oswego Tea. Wild Berga- mo t. Horse-mint. Blephilia. Blephilia. Giant Hyssop. Giant Hyssop. Catnip. Cat-mint. Ground Ivy, Gill. Dragon-head. Mad-dog Skullcap. Skullcap. Skullcap. THYMUS 804. Serpyllum, L. (***) Flint; Coleman Cat. Scarcely escaped from gardens. CALAMINTHA 805. Nuttallii, Benth. Drummond's Island, and northward, common. Not seen in C. of the State; S. E.— Wright Cat. 806. Clinopodinm, Benth. Fields. Ionia Co. (!); Fort Gratiot.— "Winch. Cat. ; and northward to Lake Superior. HEDEOMA 807. pulegioides, Pers. (*) C. & S. Fields. Hubbardston (!); S. Mich.— Wright Cat; Macomb Co. Scarce. MONARDA 808. diclyma, L. (***) Rare in Michigan, only reported from one locality : Fort Gratiot— Winch. 809. fistulosa, L. (***) Th. Sandy soil. An extract of this aromatic plant has lately been introduced as a "sure cure" of malarial fever. The flowers are sometimes pure white, in which case the albinism extends to the stems also, which are green instead of the usual reddish-brown ; or purple. Common. 810. punctata, L. (*) S. Sandy soil. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; S. Haven— Bailey. Infrequent. BLEPHILIA 811. ciliata, Raf. L. P. Dry ground. Ionia Co. (!); Ann Arbor, and Sault Ste. Marie— Winch. < at Bcarce. 812. hirsuta, Benth. C. & S. Low woods. Ionia Co. (!), where it is frequent; S. Mich.— Wright Cat. LOPHANTHUS 813. nepetoides, Benth. C. & S. Low grounds. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Lansing (!); S. W.— Wright Cat.; Infrequent. c. & s. Infrequent. Grosse Isle— Miss Clark. 814. scrophularisefolius, Benth. Low grounds. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. ; Macomb Co. NEPETA 815. Cataria, L. (*) Th. Near dwellings. An excellent honey plant. Common. 816. Glechoma, Benth. (***) 0. & >. Sparingly escaped from culture. Flint; Grand Rapids— Coleman Cat. DKACOCEPHALUM 817. parviflofum, Nutt. This interesting plant was first detected in the Lower Peninsula In June, 1876, when it was found in Roscommon Co., a little Bouth oi Houghton Lake. Its range is northward to Lake Superior.— Graj . SCUTELLAKIA 818. lateriflora, L. (*) Th. Low grounds. Gathered to considerable extent for the drug trade. Common. 819. versicolor, Nutt. Banks of streams. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. 820. canescens, Nutt. (?) Coleman Cat., etc. 58 Skullcap. Skullcap. Skullcap. Self-heal, or Heal-all. False Dragon Head. Horehound. Motherwort. Dead-Nettie. Hemp Nettle. Red Hemp Nettle. Hedge Nettle. Hedge Nettle. S. W. Infrequent. Th. Common. Th. Common. c. & s. Arbor— Winch. Occasional. MICHIGAN FLORA. 821. pilosa, Michx. S. W.— Winch. Cat.; Gray, PI. N. A. 822. parvula, Michx. Ionia (!). 823. galericulata, L. (**) Low grounds. BRUNELLA 824. vulgaris, L. (***) Fields. Occasionally the flowers are white. PHYSOSTEGIA 825. Virginiana, Benth. Wet grounds; cultivated in gardens; varies greatly. Ann Cat.; S. W.— Wright Cat.; Muir(!); Kalamazoo— Bailey. MARRUBIUM 826. vulgare, L. (*) Roadsides escaped from cult. Ionia Co. (!); Flint; S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. Frequent.- LEONURUS 827. Cardiaca, L. (***) L. P. Waste grounds. Much visited by bees for its honey. Common. LAMIUM 828. amplexicanle, L. (***) Ionia (!), common. GALEOPSIS 829. Tetrahit, L. (***) Th. Rare in C. of the State. Abundant at Mackinac— Winch. Cat. 830. Ladanum, L. Ft. Gratiot and Sault Ste. Marie— Winch. Cat. STACHYS 831. aspera Michx. S. Wet grounds. Frequent. 832. hyssopifolia, Michx. Th. Wet grounds. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. Hounds- tongue. Wild Com frey. BORRAGINACEzE. (Borrage Family.) CYNOGLOS3UM 833. officinale, L. (***) Roadsides. 834. Virginicum, L. Open Woods. ECHINOSPERMUM Beggars' Lice. 835. Virginicum, Lehm. Woods. stick-seed. 836. Lappula, Lehm. A worthless weed along roadsides and in waste places. Th. Frequent. Th. Frequent. Th. Frequent. L. P. MICHIGAN FLORA. 59 Smooth Lung- wort. Forget-me- not. Wheat Thief. Red-root. Corn Grom- well. Common Gromwell. Broad -leaved Gromwell. Hoary Puccoon. Hairy Puccoon. MERTENSIA 837. Virginica, DO. (***) Common in gardens. Coleman Cat. ; Lyons. 838. paniculata, Don. U. P. Whitney Cat. ; Gray, Fl. N. A. MYOSOTIS 839. verna, Nutt. Winch. Cat. ; Coleman Cat., etc. LITHOSPERMUM 840. arvense, L. C. & S. In wheat fields. A had weed which is being rapidly distributed by- threshing machines. Farmers should be on their guard. It may )"; known by its branching stems, narrow, rough leaves, small white flow- ers, and gray, bony seeds. 841. officinale, L. (***) Th. Roadsides. Infrequent. 842. latifolium, Michx. 0. & S. Borders of woods. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. J Ionia Co.(!); Flint, etc. Frequent. 843. canescens, Lehin. Th. Sandy fields. Ann Arbor.— Winch. Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); Macomb Co. 844. hirtum, Lehm. Th. Light sand. Flowers bright yellow, showy. Frequent. 845. angustifolium, Michx. (?) Credited to the State by Dr. A. B. Lyons, and may be looked for in the extreme S. W. False Gromwell. Comfrey. Borrage. ONOSMODIUM 846. Oarolinianum, DO. Only noticed by Dr. D. Cooley, Macomb Co. SYMPHYTUM 847. officinale, L. (***) Escaped from gardens. BORRAGO 848. officinalis, L. Adv. on Agricultural College grounds, Lansing. A honey plant. Infrequent. Waterleaf, Waterleaf. Hairy Water- leaf. HYDROPHYLLACEjE. {Waterleaf Family.) HYDBOPHYLLUM 849. Virginicum, L. Rich woods. 850. Canadense, L. Damp rich woods. 851. appendiculatum, Michx. Moist hillsides and rich woods. 0. & s. Frequent. Frequent. Frequent. PHACELIA 852. Franklinii, Gray. "Shores of L. Superior, especially on Isle Roya.C'-e. ray ; and Dr.A.B. Lyons. GO MICHIGAN" FLOKA. Hairy Phlox. Divaricate Phlox. Ground or Moss Pink. POLEMONIACE^E. {Phlox Family.) PHLOX 853. pilosa, L. 0. & s. Dry, sandy fields. Flowers bright rose place in the garden. Ann Arbor- Macomb Co., etc. , or rarely pure whit* Winch. Cat.; Ionia ;. Deserves a Co. (1); Flint; 854. divaricata, L. "Woods and fields. 0. &s. Common. 855. subulata, L. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. Common in cultivation. Wild Potato- vine. Man-of-the- Earth. Low Bind- weed. Hedge Bind- weed. Dodder. Dodder. Dodder. Dodder. CONVOLVULACE^E. {Convolvulus Family.) IPOMEA 856. pandurata, Meyer. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. ; Coleman Cat. CONVOLVULUS 85?. spithamssus, L. Sandy fields. 858. sepium, L. Low grounds. Very variable. CUSCUTA 859. chlorocarpa, Engelmann. S. Haven— Mrs. Millington. 860. Gronovii, Willd. Low grounds. 861. glomerata, Choisy. (?) "Wet prairies, Ohio to Wisconsin."— Gray. 862. teimiflora, Engelm. Maple River valley (!); Coleman Cat. 0. &S. Th. Infrequent. Th. Common. s. w. 0. & s. Frequent. 0. &s. SOLANACE^E. Common Nightshade. Black N. Bittersweet. Ground Cherry. Ground Cherry. Ground Cherry. Ground Cherry. SOLANUM 863. nigrum, L. (***) Moist, cultivated fields. 864. Dulcamara, L. (*) Roadsides. PHYSALIS 0. &s. Common. c. &s. Infrequent. 865. 866. grandiflora, Hook. N. & U. P. "Clearings." First collected in L. P., near Farwell, in June, 1876, where it seemed to be at home. Near the mouth of the Au Sable river, Iosco Co., June, '78.— C. B. Cochran. "S. shore of L. Superior."— Gray, Synopt. Fl. N. A. Philadelphia, Lam. Grand Rapids— Coleman Cat. 867. Virginiana, Mill. (***) Light, sandy soil. 868. lanceolata, Miclix. Sandy soil. Ionia Co. (!), etc. Th. Common. 0. &s. Frequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. Gl Ground Cherry. Apple of Peru. Matrimony Vine. Henbane. 869. pubescens, L. (***) 0. & s. Common throughout the pine country. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Mont- calm Co., etc. NICANDRA 870. physaloides, Gsertn. (***) Gardens. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Flint; Ionia Co. (!) Scarce. LYCIUM 871. vulgare, Dunal. (***) Escaped from gardens in some places. HYOSCYAMUS 872. niger, L. (*) Macomb Co.; Ft. Gratiot; Mackinac, abundant— Winch. Cat. DATURA common stra. 373, Stramonium, L. (*) monium, or » \ / Thornapple. Roadsides. Jamestown Purple Thorn- 874. Tcttula, L. (***) P^Strarnoni- Flint; Macomb Co. um * NICOTIANA Wild Tobacco. 875. rustica, L. (***) Emmet Co., cultivated by the Indians— Winch. Cat. c. & s. Frequent. c. & s. Ban. GENTIANACE.dE. {Gentian Family.) Centaury. American Centaury. Fringed Gen- tian. Blue Gentian. Smaller Fringed Gentian. Five-flowered Gentian. Five-flowered Gentian. Blue Gentian, Soapwort Gentian. Closed Gen- tian. ERYTHR^EA 876. Qentaurium, Pers. Lansing— Bailey. A. One of our most valuable timber-trees, and more used in cabinet-making than any other. At its present rate of consumption, the black walnut in Michigan will soon be a thing of the past. Frequent. Shag-bark Hickory. Western Shell- bark Hickory. Mocker-nut. Pignut. Bitternut. CARYA 995. alba, Nutt. (***) 0. & >. Timber very valuable; used wherever great durability, Btrength. and elasticity are required. C. microcarpa, Nutt., occurs and seems to be distinct. < ommon. 996. sulcata, Nutt. 0. i 3. lliver bottoms. Ionia Co.(!), where it reaches its northern limit! except in the extreme south. 997. tomentosu, Nutt. Dry woods. Flint; Grand Rapids— -Coleman's Cat. 998. porcina, Nutt. Woods. Nuts pear-shaped or oblong. 999. amara, Nutt. o. a 3. 0. & 8. I mmon. I . i 3. Moist soil. No member of this family gets much north ot la!. • mmon. 70 MICHIGAN FLOKA. White Oak. Bar Oak. Swamp White Oak. Yellow Chest- nut Oak. Dwarf Chest- nut Oak. Laurel or Shingle Oak. Black Jack Oak. OUPULIFER/E. (Oak Family.) QUERCUS 1000. alba, L. (*) Th. Rich woods. Rare in U. P., Menominee Co.— Burt MS. Cat.; etc. Our most valuable species. Much used in inside finishing, carriage-making, etc., etc., wherever a strong, durable, and beautiful timber is desired. Common. macrocarpa, Michx. (•***) 0. & S. Rich soil. Common. bicolor, Willd. O. & S. Low ground. A large tree. Scales of the involucre often bear galls which resemble abortive acorns. Common. c. &s. Common. 0. &s. 1001. 1002. 1003. 1004. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. Rich woods. A medium sized tree. prinoides, Willd. A low shrub or small tree. Macomb Co.; Hubbardston (!); Muir (!); Gratiot Co. (!). This and the preceding seem to run together. Infrequent. 1005. imbricaria, Michx. S. Barrens. Galesburg— H. Dale Adams ; Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. ; S. Mich.— Dr. Wright. Rare. 1006. nigra, L. ( ? ) Said to occur in the extreme S. W. scarlet oak. 1007. coccinea, Wang. Th. Black Oak. Yellow-barked Oak. Red Oak. Inner bark reddish; scales of involucre, brown, glabrate, appressed. In the C, this species blossoms and puts forth its leaves about two weeks earlier than the next, and the leaves are smooth and glossy before the leaves of the next have become well divested of their reddish down. Frequent. 1008. tinctoria, Bartram. ( * ) Inner bark bright yellow; scales of involucre yellowish-canescent, some- what squarrose; leaves less pinnatilid, more obovate in outline and less glossy-green than those of Q. coccinea. This species and the preceding occur together in the C. and are seldom large— usually 40-50 ft., and 12- 15 inches in diameter. Considerable study has shown no gradations be- tween the two forms, except one anomalous specimen, with very long acorns, and some characteristics of both species. 1009. rubra, L. (***) Th. Wood reddish, coarse; used chiefly for fence rails and fuel. In the C. & S., a large tree; in the N. either a very large tree, (Emmet Co.— Winchell), or, at Petoskey, a low tree or tall shrub(!); in U. P., along the shore, a low shrub or scraggy tree (the common form), or, in Onton- agon valley, a good-sized tree— VVhitney. Q. ambigua, Mx., apparently belongs here.— (See Engelm. " Oaks of the U. S." Tr. Ac. Sc, St. Louis, Vol. III.) "One of the most variable of the Atlantic species."— Engel- mann. Chestnut. Beech. Wild Hazel- nut. CASTANEA 1010. vulgaris, var. Americana, A. DO. (***) S. E. Occurs rarely in the S. E. Does well when nlanted, at least as far north as lat. 44°; Macomb Co.; Wayne Co.; Monroe Co.; Ann Arbor— Dr. Steere. FAGUS 1011. ferruo-inea, Ait. Common in L. P., but rare in U. Rocks. COKYLUS 1012. Americana, Walt. (***) Thickets. Th. Occurs at Mackinac and Pictured Th. Common. MICHIGAN" FLORA. 71 Beaked Hazel. 1013. rostrata, Ait. (***J Hop- Horn- beam. Iron-wood. Blue or Water Beech. Lansing— Bailey, probably its southern limit; Hubbardstonf !); and com. mon uorthward. OSTRYA 1014. Virginica, Willd. Rich woods. CARPINUS 1015. Americana, Miclix. Along streams. Wood of this and the prcccdim used for wedges, levers, etc. Th. Con.' Th. (?) nd durable; Corns MYRICACEjE. Sweet Gale. Bay-berry. Wax-Mvrtle. Sweet Fern, {Sweet Gale Family.) MYRICA 1016. Gale, L. (***) Swamp near Crooked Lake, Emmet Co.(!); Man] Koyale— Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1017. cerifera, L. (***) S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. COMPTONIA 1018. asplenifolia, Ait. (***) South— Wr. Cat. ; Detroit— Dr. A. B. Lyons. Very common in the center of the State and northward throughout the pine country, of which it is a characteristic species. N. & r. P. tce-K. J. 11 Th. BETULACE.E. (Birch Family.) BETULA Cherry Birch. 1019. lentil, L. (***) Th. Paper Birch. Canoe Birch. Silver Eirch. Low Birch. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat. ; 8. Haven— Bailey; mar Lansing— Prof W. J. Beal; Hubbardston(!); Flint; and northw; the south, but attains a " monstrous size " Cat. rd to L. Su] erior. Rare in on Drnmmond'a I.— Winch. Yellow Birch. 1020. lutea, Michx., f . Th. to L. Superior. "Common northward to th< rof. W. J. Beal. Flare south 1021. 1022. 1023. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; S. Haven— Bailey: along the line of the P. & P. M. B. B., and country; a large tree; timber valuable.'*—] of the Grand-Saginaw valley. papyracea, Ait. (***) Th, Extends southward to Lansing and perhaps further. Frequent at Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co., (!) as;i small tree, often Bpringa up, form- ing a dense thicket, where pine lands have been burned separating into thin, papery strips, used by Indians for canoes, basket. work, etc. A large tree at the north. pumila, L. Swamps. glandulosa, Michx. Burt's MS. Cat. Th. Green or Mountain Alder. Speckled or Hoary Alder. Tag-Alder. ALNUS 1024. viridis, DC. ; - l> - "Dry rocky land"— Whitnev Cat.; Isle Koyale- Dr. A. ! » ■* non. 1025. incana, Willd. (***) Borders of streams. U. P. The prevailing Alder in center of the State and in 1 mon. 72 MICHIGAN FLORA. smooth Aider. 10 26. serrulata, Ait. (***) Th. Macomb Co.; Traverse City and S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Burt. MS. Cat. Karc or local. Hoary Willow, Prairie Wil- Glaucous Wil- low. Silky-leaved Willow. Petioled Wil- low. Basket Osier. Heart-leaved Willow. Glaucous Willow. SALIX 1027. SALIOAOE^S. (Willow Family.) Barer sp. determined by 31. S. Bebb, of Founlaindale, Illinois. Candida, Willd. Th. Usually in Tamarack swamps. Rare in S. part of the State. Com. humilis, Marshall. Th. Not reported south of Lansing. Common along the line of D. M. & G. H. R. R.; Ionia Co. (.!)"> and northward to Marquette Co.— Burt MS. Cat. discolor, Muhl. (***) 1028. 1029. 1030. sericea, Marshall. 1031. petiolaris, Smith. Th. River banks. This species and the preceding are much visited by bees in early spring for pollen and honey. Common. Drummonds' Is.— Winch. Cat. ; Ionia Co. (!); and southward to S. Haven- Bailey. Very common in central part of the State. From Sault Ste. Marie southward. Th. Ionia Co. (!); Lansing- Frequent. With the last. Bailey. 1032. viminalis L. Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!); S. Haven,— Bailey. 1033. cordata, Muhl. Th. Along streams. Narrow-leaved forms occur in the central and southern parts of the State; at Petoskey(!), broadly ovate-heart-shaped leaved forms occur. Common. 1034. glaucophylla, M. S. Bebb, sp. nov. inecL Hubbarclston (!); Petoskey (!); frequent along the shores of Little Trav- erse Bay (!). Has been confounded with 8. Barclayi, Anders. (See Bot. Gaz., March. 1878.) The following notes and description of this interesting species and its varieties have been furnished by Mr. Bebb, who is preparing a Mono- graph on the Salicacece: "8. glaucophylla, n. sp. Leaves broadly ovate or elliptical lanceolate, rounded or narrowed at base, apex more or less cuspidate acuminate, coriaceous in texture, glabrous, dark green above except the yellowish midrib, intensely glaucous and obscurely reticulate veined" beneath, the young drying black, margin sharply serrate with glandular inllexed serratures, petioles short downy, stipules ovate, serrate; aments with leaf-like bracts at base, thick, cylindrical, densely flowered appearing with the leaves, when in flower about one inch long; the fertile when mature sometimes very large, 3 inches long, % in. thick; capsules elon- gated-conical from an ovate base 3-5 lines long, glabrous, greenish, turning brown in drying; pedicels 4-5 times the length of the nectary, concealed by the copious long white hairs with which the scales are clothed; style produced; stigmas short thick, entire or 2-lobed. "Var. lalifolia. Leaves crowded, broadly ovate-lanceolate, rounded or sub-cordate at base, 3-4 inches long, nearly 2 inches wide, stipules con- spicuous, reniform. Chicago, Babcock, exsicc. No. 3, 4, 13, 15, 47; Mad- ison, Wisconsin, S. II. Watson, in Herb. Canby. Fountaindale (!). "Var. angusli/olia. Leaves lanceolate cuspidate, narrowed at base, 3 in. long, % in. wide; stipules small, often wanting; aments elongated- cylindrical. Chicago, Babcock, exsicc. 14, 28, 45, 2%, 8. "Var. brevifolia. Leaves obovate, acute, wedge-shaped at base, VA inches long, 5-6 lines wide, prominently reticulate veined; stipules none. Leaves strikingly like those of 8. arbuscula. Sand dunes, Little Trav- erse Bay, Mich.. July 30, '79. C. F. Wheeler. "Ten years ago I was inclined to regard this as a robust variety, of 8. cordata, but in a constantly increasing accession of specimens, from the most luxuriant growth down to the starveling of the arid sand dunes of Lake Michigan, it was always clearly recognizable as something dis- tinct from S. cordata. I next tried to find a place for it under & Barclayi Anders., being misled by the author's assertion that & Barclayi Avas very nearly related to 8. cordata, of which it might be regarded as a "quasi modificatio occidentalis robustior," with "shorter and broader leaves" "turning black," etc.; misled, also, by the figure in the Mono- graphia Salicium, which, whatever it may represent, was certainly not MICHIGAN FLORA. 73 drawn from the type specimen of 8. Barclayi. This {8. Barclayi) was published as a new species in the author's preliminary Synopsis of n A. Willows, 1858, based wholly upon a single specimen (in Herb, Hook ) irom Ivodiak, Barclay, and on p. 31, 1. c. it was arranged in a group of American species, •« manifestly representing European types'' as "be- longing to the type of & glauca," ********** "It answers my present purpose to .show that & gkxucophylta, n sp differs widely from the typical & Barclayi in its Smooth capsules, longer podi- eels, shorter style, and very different stigmas. It also differs from 8 cor data in the leaves proportionately shorter and broader with some- what the texture of S. lucida, the young drying black, more glaucous beneath, especially when old; amen t s thicker and more densely hirsute (much as in 8. discolor); capsules very much larger ami drying brown As indigenous at Fountaindalc, this is a straggling shrub, about 8 feet high, the young twigs glabrous and bright yellow, Btained with crimson where exposed to much sunlight. Some or the plants in theSalicetum however, are more erect, 8 feet high, brownish twigs, puberulent, and the whole habit that of 8. discolor." Tomentous Willow. 1035. balsamifera, Barrett. Only found at Flint, by Dr. D. Clark. 1036. adenophylla, Hook. Itation since destr Livid Willow. Shining Wil- low. Black Willow. White Wil- low. Brittle W. Long-leaved Willow. Myrtle Wil- iow. Poplar. American Aspen. Large- toothed Aspen. Cotton-wood. "Necklace Poplar. Balsam Pop- lar. Balm of Oilead. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, cordate, glandular-serrate, densely to. mentose. On old stems the leaves are ovate-lanceolate and a\ tovientose all over, while on young shoots they arc broadly ovate, cor- date, and sometimes smooth'latc in the season. Low, 2-5 feet. Ueach sand, Lake Michigan, Illinois, and northwestward. Petoskey < : | ; St. Jo., Dr. Wright in Torr. Herb.— Bebb. Hooker's original specimens came from Labrador. "Well marked by the copious, long, narrow serratures to the leaves tipped with a gland, so that the leaf took it were fringed with pedicellate glands. These leaves are an inch or more long, clothed, even when fully grown, with long silkv tomentum on both sides, etc."— Part of Hooker's original description of specimen in Harvard Herb. 1037. rostrata, Richardson. Tb. Moist or dry ground. Com. 1038. lucida, Muhl. Th. Along streams. Common. 1039. nigra, Marshall. (***) Th. Along streams; a small tree. 1040. am ygd abides, Anders. Flint— Dr. Clark. 1041. alba, L., var. vitellina, Carey. Naturalized from Europe. 1042. fragiUs, L , var. Uusselliana, Carey. Coleman Cat. ; Palmer Cat. 1043. longifolia, Muhl. Wet places. 1044. myrtilloides, L. Sphagnous swamps. S. E.— Winch. Cat. Ionia (!); etc. POPULUS 1045. tremuloides, Michx. (***) Woods and lake shores, most abundant in V. P.— Whitnej 1046. grandidentata, Michx. Woods. Common northward, but "rave in D*. I'. - '— Whitney Cat. This tree and the last arc being ground into pulp for making paper. 1047. monilifera, Ait. 0.& S, Often a large tree, three feet in diameter. Not observed north of crystal Lake, Montcalm Co. (!) 1048. balsamifera, L. (***) Th. River banks. A small tree in Michigan, often mistaken for the n- \t. 1049. balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. (***) Not common, either wild or in cultivation, but cert i inly indigenous. ,8. Haven— P.ailcv; Flint; Sanford, Midland Co.— Plot. W. J. Ileal; Llk Rapids— Winch. Cat. Th. Common. Th. to L. Superior. Frequent. Th. Common. Th. n Lombardy Poplar. MICHIGAN FLOEA. 1050. dilatata, Ait. Common in cultivation. L. P. TAXACE^S. {Yew Family.) TAXUS American Yew. Ground Hem- lock. 1051. baccata, L., var. Canadensis, Gray. (***) Moist woods in the shade of evergreens. Along the east shore of Lake Michigan as far south as S. Haven.— Bailey; Grand Ledge.— Beal; Ma- comb Co., where it is rarely found. Common north of the center of the State(!). Red Cedar. Savin. Juniper. Savin. Arbor-vitae. White Cedar. Balsam Fir. Hemlock. CONIFERiE. (Pi)ie Fa mill/.) JUNIPERUS 1052. Virginiana, L. (**) • Th. Throughout, but scarce. Bluffs and sterile soil. 1053. communis, L. (*) Frequent throughout, along the highest grounds. 1054. Sabina, L., var. procumbens, Ph. (*) X. & TJ. P. Abundant, trailing over low sand dunes at the head of Little Traverse Bay (!); Old Mission,— Prof. W. J. Beal, etc. THUJA 1055. occidentalism L. (***) Th, Very common northward. Timber very durable, much used for fence posts, etc. ABIES 1056. balsainea, Marshall. (*) C. N. & IT. P. Frequent in the northern part of Clare Co. ('•); abundant at Petoskey (!); and northward. TSUGA 1057. Canadensis, Carriere. (*' Th. exceDt S. E. Rarely seen south of latitude 43° except west, and scarce on the Huron shore, but common on the east shore of L. Michigan, and from the cen- tal part of the State northward. Very abundant and of great size in Em- met Co.(!). Bark an article of commerce, used for tanning. PICEA White spruce. 1058. alba,. Link. Is. & U. P. From Ludington,— Prof. Beal; to Petoskey (!); and northward. Common. Black spruce. 1959. nigra, Link. (***) Th. Frequent northward, and occasional south of lat. 43°,— a small tree in sphagnous swamps. The preceding species is more common northward. American Larch. Tamarack. LAPvIX 1060. Americana. Michx. (***) Th. Swamps. A slender tree southward, but sometimes reaching 100 feet in height northward, where it is abundant. MICHIGAN FLORA, 75 Scrub Pine. Gray Pine. Red Pine. Norway Pine. PINUS 1061. Banksiana, Lambert. In the western part of the State, noticed as far south as Newaygo. "Sand Pt., Saginaw Bay, and northward along the shore of L. Huron, not common."— Winch. Cat. In the Central part of the State this pine la first seen in the northern part of Clare Co.(!}, where it Is common in groves on sandy barrens. In the S. E. township of Missaukee Oo., along the -west bank of the Muskegon river, occurs u barren terrace, abont Ave miles long by two wide, which is covered with groves oi' this pine in all stages of growth from seedlings to line shapely trees BO I I feel in height, and 12 to 14 inches in diameter. The groves were QOl dense, bat orchard-like, and disposed without regularity. There was little under- growth except occasionally a few Bana-cherrfes, stunted service b and the rare alpine, three-toothed cinquefoiL The ground waa barely carpeted with tufts of panic grass (/'. depauperation, L.,) bird-foot Violet, and bear berry. 1062. resinosa, Ait. Dry woods. First noticed in IsabellaCo., in ccnterof the L. 1'.; reryabund- ant in Clare Co.(!), and northward. "Frequent on low, sandy plains in U. P., where it forms orchard-like groves."— Whitnev. Usually 100-llu feet high. White Pine. 1063> Strobus, L. Tli. Ranges from at least Mason, Ingham Co., in the center of tin' "-Lite, north- ward. Follows the shore of L. Michigan to the Indiana line, usually 3 to 4 feet in diameter and 100 feet high, but often larger. Furnishes the pine lumber of commerce. The tallest white pine we fua was 134 feet, and the largest diameter, scant 6 feet. Much taller and larger specimens are reported by lumbermen. The annual production of pine lumber in Michigan for the last decade has exceeded 2,000,000,000 feet. Yet, in spite of this enormous consumption, it is safe to say that Michigan still contains more valuable pine than any like area in North America. The lumber interest alone enriches the .State something like 540,000,000 a year. Th. Green Dragon. 1065. DraCOntiutl, Schott. (***) Dragon Root. v Low grounds. ARACE/E. (Arum Family.) AEIS^EMA 82KH?* 1004. triphyllmi, Torr. (***) Pulpit. Rich woods. 0, & s. Infrequent. PELTANDKA Arrow Arum. 1066. Virginica, Raf. 0. & S. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Huron River— Allmendlnger Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); Flint. CALLA Water Arum. 106?. pallistl'is, L. Bogs. SYMPLOCARPUS Th, Frequent. Skunk cab. 1068. fceticlus, Salisb. (**) bage. ACORUS sweet Flag. 1069. Calamus, L. (**) Margin of streams. Th. Th. Infrequent. Duckweed. Duck's-meat. LEMNACEJ.:. (Duck- weed Family^ LEMISTA 1070. trisulca, L. Ponds. 0. & 8. Common. 76 MICHIGAN FLORA. Duck's-meat. 1071. minor, L. C. & S. Ponds. Blossoms freely in June. Common. Duck's-meat. 1072. perpusilla, Torr. 0. & S. Ponds. Dr. A. B. Lyons. Duck's-meat. 1073. polyrrhiza, L. 0. & S. Ponds. Common. WOLFFIA 1074. Columbiana, Karsten. Abundant on Maple River, Clinton Co.(!); Ionia Co.(!); Detroit— J. M. Bigelow. 1075. Brasiliensis, Weddell. With the last. Nearly covering the surface of ponds and slow streams in July. Common Cat-tail. Small Cat-tail. Bur-reed. Bur-reed. Bur-reed. Bur reed. Bur-reed. Bur-reed. TYPHACE^E. {Cat-tail Family.) TYPHA 1076. latifolia, L. Borders of streams. 1077. angustifolia, L. Detroit— Dr. A. B. Lyons. SPARGANIUM 1078. eurycarpum, Engelm. Borders of ponds. 1079. simplex, Hudson., var. Nuttallii, Gr. Fruitport— E. J. Hill. 1080. simplex, Hud., var. androcladum, Gr. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat. ; Macomb Co. 1081. simplex, Hud., var. angustifolium, Gr. Isle Eoyale— Whitney Cat. 1082. heterophylla, var. rigida, Engelm. Fruitport— E. J. Hill. 1083. minimum, Bauhin. Hubbardston(J); Manistee— E. J. Hill. Th. Common. c. &s. Frequent. 0. &s. U.P. Bare. Naiad. Naiad. ffAIADAOEJE. ( Po nd-weed Family. ) STAIS 1084. major, All. Flint— Dr. D. Clark. 1085. flexilis, Rostk. Ponds. ZANNICHELLIA H^ned Pond- 1086. palustris, L. Dr. A. B. Lyons. POTAMOGETON Pond-weed. 1087. natans, L. Ponds. Tb. Frequent. Th. Frequent. MICHIGAN FLORA. 7? Pond-weed. 1088. Pond-weed. 1089. Pond-weed. 1090. Pond-weed. 1091. Pond-weed. 1092. Pond-weed. 1093. Pond-weed. 1094. Pond-weed. 1095. Pond-weed. 1096. Pond-weed. 1097. Pond-weed. 1098. Pond-weed. 1099. Pond-weed. 1100. Pond-weed. 1101. Pond-weed. 1102. Pond-weed. 1103. Pond-weed. 1104. Pond-weed. 1105. Pond-weod. HOG. Pond-weed. 1107. Pond-weed. 1108. Clayton ii, Tuckerman. Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Coolcy; Fruitport— E. J. Hill. lateralis, Morong. Bear Lake, Van Buren Co.— E. J. Hill. Spirillus, Tuckennan. U. P. "Lake Superior"— Gray's Manual. hybridus, Michx. Dr. A. B. Lyons. rufescens, Schrader. Th. Mud Lake and Bear River, Petoskey— E. J. Hill. lonchites, Tuckerman. Hubbardston (!); Macomb Co. amplifo-lius, Tuckerman. Maple River (!); Macomb Co.; Perc Marquette River at Liulington Hill. o. & s. n frequent. i.. ; graininifolius, Fries. gramineus, L., var Bear Lake, Van Buren Co.-E. J. Hill. gramineus, L., var. heterophyllus, Fries. Th. Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; and northward. lucens, L. Muskegon River, near Houghton Lake (!); Flint; S. Mich.— Wright Oat zizii, Solium. Crystal Lake, near Frankfort, and Bear Lake, Manistee Co.— E. J. Hill Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co. (!); and Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!). prrelongus, Wulfen. Th. Maple River (!), etc. Common. perfoliatus, L. Maple River (!), etc. perfoliatus, L., var. lanceolatus, Robbins. Little Traverse Bay, etc.; "Along the Great Lakes"— Gray. zosterrefolius, Sch. Maple River and its tributaries (!), etc. obtusifolius, Mertens & Koch. "Floating in Gratiot Lake, N. Mich."— Gray's Manual. pauciflorus, Pursh. Hubbardston (!); Grand Rapids ( pusillus, L. Manistee Lake— E. J. Hill. pusillus, L-, var. major, Fries. Crooked River, Chebovgan Co., and common at Manistee and Frankfort— E. J. Hill. pectinatus, L. *■»• Fish Creek, Hubbardston (!). Frequent marinus, L. Crystal Lake, near Frankfort, Benzie Co.-E. J. Hill. B termined bv E. J. Hill, of Engelwood, Illinois, whose knowledge ol this difficult genus is well known. Th. ( lonunon. Th. Common. Flint; Macomb Co. Th. and northward. Arrow-grass. ALISMAOB^J. ( Water-Plantain Family.) TKIGLOCHIN 1109. palustre, L. Marshes. Th. Frequent. 78 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Arrow-grass. Arrow-grass. Scheuchzeria. "Water Plan- tain. Arrow-head. Arrow-head. Arrow-head. Th. Common. 1110. maritimum, L. Macomb Co.; S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Petoskey (!). 1111. maritimurn, L., var. elatum, Gr. Th. Ann Arbor,— Allmendinger Cat.; Flint; Macomb Co.; and northward. SCHEUCHZERIA 1112. palustris, L. S. w.— Wright Cat,; Macomb Co.; Hubbardston (!); Montcalm Co. (!). Frequent northward in cold bogs. ALISMA 1113. Plantago, L v var. Americanum, Gr. (***). Shallow water. ECHINODORUS 1114. parvulus, Engelm. Dr. A. B. Lyons. SAGITTARIA 1115. variabilis, Engelm. Wet places. Occurs in many forms. 1116. heterophylla, Ph. Elk Rapids,— Winch. Cat., etc. 1117. heterophylla, Ph., var. rigida, Engelm. Fruitport,— E. J. Hill. 1118. graminea, Michx. Dr. A. B. Lyons. Th. Common. Th. S. HYDRO CH ARID ACE^E. (Frog's-bit Family.) ASTACHARIS Water-weed. 1119. Canadensis, Planchon. Tape-grass. Eel-grass. Slow streams. VA.LLISNERIA 1120. spiralis, L. Th. Common. L.P. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; S. Haven,— Bailey; Hubbardston (!); to Petos. key(!). Slow streams. Common in Grand" River and tributaries. ORCHIDACE/E. {Orchis Family.) ORCHIS showy orchis. 1121. spectabilis, L. Rich woods. Widely distributed. 1122. rotundifolia, Ph. (?) Flint-Dr. D. Clark; "Shore of L. Mich, in Wis. HABENARIA 1123. tridentata, Hook. -Foote. Naked-gland Orchis. Greenish Orchis. Bracted Green Orchis. 0. & s. Scarce. Th. S- W.— Wright Cat.; Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Hubbardston (!); and northward. 1124. virescens, Spreng. C. & S. Macomb Co.; Ann Arbor,— Winch. Cat.; S. W.— Wright Cat. 1125. viridis, R. Br., var. bracteata, Reich. Th. Ann Arbor and Emmet Co.,— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co.; Kalamazoo; Hub- bardston (!); Flint; Lansing— Bailey. MICHIGAN FLOItA. 70 Northern Green Orchis. Northern White Orchis. Smaller Two- leaved Orchis. Large Round- leaved Orchis. Yellow Fringed- Orchis. White Fringed- Orchis. Western Orchis. Ragged Orchis. Small Purple Fringed-Orcbis. Large Purple Fringed-Orcbis. Rattlesnake Plantain. Rattlesnake Plantain. Rattlesnake Plantain. Ladies' Tresses. Ladies' Tresses. Ladies' Tresses. Ladies' Tresses. Twayblade. Twayblade. Arethusa. 1120. hyperborea, R. Br. Th. Wet woods. Common. 1127. dilatata, Gr. Th. S. E.— Winch. Cat. ; Flint; Macomb Co.; and northward. 1128. obtusata, Richardson. XJ. P. IsleRoyale-Dr. A. B. Lyons; L. Sup., common— Whitney Oat.; c.ve I.- L. Huron— Austin. 1129. Hookeri, Torr. Th. S. E.— Winch. Cat.; Ilubbardston (!); Flint; Lake Superior— Whitney Cat, 1130. orbiculata, Torr. Th. Frequent in the pine region, not rare on U. P.— Whitney Cat.; Lansintr— Bailey; Hubbard ston(l); Flint, etc 1131. ciliaris, R. Br. S. E. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co. 1132. blephariglottis, Hook. (j. & 8. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Stanton (!). 1133. leucophsea, Gray. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Woodard Lake, Ionia Co. (!); Macomb Co. Bare. 1134. lacera, R. Br. C. & S. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Woodard Lake(!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Lan- sing— Bailey. Infrequent. 1135. psycodes, Gray. Th. Low grounds. Frequent. 1136. fimbriata, R. Br. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. ; Macomb Co. Infrequent. GOODYEEA 1137. repens, R. Br. Th. Bangor, Van Buren Co.— Bailey; Grand Rapids— Coleman Oat; B nion Co.— Dr. Cooley; Petoskey 0); and northward. Infrequent. 1138. pubescens, R. Br. Th. Woods. Common. 1139. Menziesii, Lindl. N. & U. P. Boyne Falls, Northport, and Frankfort— E. J. Hill; Petoskey (!); Isle Royale and Traverse Bay— Dr. A. B. Lyons. SriRANTHES 1140. latifolia, Torr. Drummond's I., common, and S. E.— Winch. Cat.; IIubbardston(!); Flint. Rare in L. P. 1141. Romanzoviana, Chamisso. N. & U. P. Borders of Mud lake, Northport— E. J. Hill; northward to L. Bap. 1142. cernua, Richard. Th. Sphagnous swamps. Frequent 1143. gracilis, Bigelow. S. W.— Wright Cat. ; Macomb Co. ; Grand Rapids— Coleman Oat.; Kalama- zoo— Tu thill. LISTEEA 1144. cordata, R. Br. U. P. Whitney Cat.; and Isle Royale— Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1145. convallarioides, Hook. U. P. Not common— Whitney Oat.; Isle Royale— Dr. A.. B. Lyons. AKETHUSA 1146. bulbosa, L. Th. [n sphagnous swamps, s. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Ann Arbor- Allmcivi Kalamazoo— Tuthill; Hubbard8ton(!) ; and northward. 80 MICHIGAN FLORA. Pogonia. Pogonia. Pogonia. Beautiful Calopogon. Calypso. Crane-fly Orchis. Adder's- mouth. Adder's- rnouth. Twayblade. Twayblade. Coral-root. Coral-root. Coral-root. Coral -root. Pntty-root. Adam-and- Eve. Ram's head Lady's Slip- per. Small White Lady's Slip- per. POGONIA 1147. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Th. Bogs. Common. 1148. pendula, Lindl. S. W. Dr. Wright. Rare. 1149. verticillata, Natt. 0. & S. Kalamazoo; Flint; Macomb Co. Rare. CALOPOGON 1150. pulchellus, K. Br. Th. Bogs. Common. CALYPSO 1151. borealis, Salisb. Forty-mile Point, Presque Isle Co.— Winch. Cat.; shores of HigginsLake— Dr. D. Cooley; Mackinac— Whitney Cat.; L. Superior— J. Macoun, in Can. Cat. Local. TIPULARIA 1152. discolor, Nutt. Coleman Cat.; "X. Mich., Dr. Cooley "—Winch. Cat.; eastern, coast of L. Huron— J. Macoun. Our rarest orchid. MICROSTYLIS 1153. monophyllos, Lindl. Hubbardston(!); Flint; Macomb Co. Rare. 1154. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat. ; Hubbardston(l). Rare. LIPARIS 1155. Loeselii, Richard. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat.; abundant in a tamarack swamp near Ilubbardston(l); S. Haven— Bailey; Flint; Macomb Co. 1156. liliifolia, Richard. S. W.— Wright's Cat. CORALLORHIZA 1157. innata, R. Br. Th. S. E.— Wright Cat. ; L. Superior, not rare— Whitney Cat. 1158. odontorhiza, Nutt. (***) Th. Hubbardston(I); Flint; northward to L. Superior— Whitney Cat. 1159. multiflora, Nutt. Th. Hubbardston(I); Lansing-Bailey; S. W.— Wright Cat.; northward to L. Superior. 1160. Macraei, Gray. Abundant at Mackinac— Whitney Cat. APLECTRUM 1101. hyemale, Nutt. C. &S. Rich woods. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Lansing— Bailev; Detroit— Gill man; Macomb Co.; Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; Hubbardston (!); Grand Rapids— Coleman's Cat. Scarce. CYPRIPEDIUM 1162. arietinum, R. Brown. (***) U. P. Isle Royal e -Dr. A. B. Lyons. May be looked for in L. P. 1163. candidum, Muhl. (***) 0. & S. Tamarack swamps. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat.; Kalamazoo; Macomb Co., Flint; Hubbardston (!). Rare. MICHIGAN FLORA. SI Smaller Yel. low Lady's Slipper. Larger Yel- low Lady's Slipper. Moccasin- Flower. Showy Lady's Slipper. Pink L. S. Stemless La- dy's Slipper. 1164. parviflorum, Salisb. (**) Xh. S ^d ni fl^w^ a slcnd K r s V e £ ics \ lea ™s eli-htly pubescent, not much plait. ed flowers much smaller than those of the next; corolla bright yellow and much brown spotted inside In lines; sepals and side petals dark brown.purple, the latter several time a twisted, Csuallj stows iu clumps, preferring very wet Bwampe. aent 1165. pubescens, Willd. (* :i; ) I,. p # Woods, in moist or dry ground. Much coat ray than the nre. ceding, with strongly.plaited, hairy leaves, and largo light flowers, more or less brown-spotted. Small forma of tl. mistaken for C. parviflorum, but the two species are apparently d in men. 1166. spectabile, Swartz. (***) Q. & S. Swamps The largest species, as well as the most beautiful quently 6x10 inches. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat,; Kalamazoo— Tuthlll: — I.ni nv : ATncnm l> fn • I.' l ; ■, i • 1 1 .. i.i it i ... i . • i , Lansing— Bailey; Macomb Co. for cultivation. v »» i^iiiuim/.'Mj 1 llllllll, Flint; Hubbardston : , etc. Desirable 1167. acaule, Ait. ( : Moist woods and sphagnous swamps. f*** 1 ) Montcalm Co. (!), etc. sent. Th. tent. Star-grass. AMARYLLIDACEiE. (Amary Ills Fa m ihj . ) HYPOXYS 1168. erecta, L. Meadows. Common. Colic root. Star-grass. ALETKIS 1169. farinosa, Ann Arbor- HzEMODORACE^E. (Bloodwort Family.) L. (***) -Allmend. Cat.; Macomb Co. 0. & 8. Flint ; Bnbbardston I . Wild Flower- de-Luce. Larger Blue Flag. Lake Dwarf Iris. Blue-eyed Grass. IRIDAOEzE. (Iris Family. ) IRIS 1170. versicolor, L. (**) Low grounds. 1171. lacusfcris, Nutt. Bois Blanc I. and Drummond's I.— "Shores of L. Huron and Mich." SISYRESTCH1UM 1172. Bermudiana, L. Moist grassy places. Th. Common. •Winch. Cat.; Mackinac— Whitney Oat. '—Gray, Ley I I ai. Tii. ( lommon. Wild Yam. root. DIOSOOREA 1173. villosa, L. Rich woods. 11 dioscoreaui: .1-:. (Yam Family,) ( '. & B. Frequent. 82 MICHIGAN FLOKA. Common Greenbriar. Common Greenbriar. Carrion Flower. Carrion Flower. SMILACE^E. {Smilax Family.) Flint; Macomb Co. : Kent Co. - SMILAX 1174. rotuudifolia, L. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat 1175. hispida, Muhl. The common woody species in Ionia and adjacent counties. Winch. Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Flint; Houghton Lake (!); Lake Superior— Whitney Cat. 3176. herbacea, L. River banks. Flowers much visited by blow-flies. 1177. herbacea, L., var. pulverulenta, Gr. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat. 0. &s. Coleman Cat. Th. Ann Arbor- northward to Th. Common. LILIACE^E. Sessile Trilli- um. Large White Trillium, or Wake Robin. Birthroot. Purple T. Birthroot. Birthroot. Nodding Trillium. Dwarf White Trillium. Painted T. Indian Cu- cumber-root. {Lily Family.) TKILLIUM 1178. sessile, L. S. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1179. grandiflorum, Salisb. (***) Th. Rich woods, Exceedingly variable and apt to sport. Common. 1180. erectum, L. (***) Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. Rare. 1181. erectum, L., var. album, Ph. Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. Rare. 1182. erectum, L., var. declinatum, Gr. The common form in low ground from the C. north. Fruit dark red, six- ribbed, % in. in diameter— larger than the fr. of T. grandiflorum. 1183. cernuum, L. C. & S. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co.; Flint; Grand Rapids.— Coleman Cat. 1184. nivale, Eiddell. 0. & S. Low woods. One of our earliest spring flowers. Only observed along Grand River Valley. Hubbardston (!); Ionia (!); Grand Rapids.— Cole- Zygadene. American White Helle- bore. man Cat. 1185. erythrocarpum, Michx. Rare. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; not observed in the center of the State; said to occur in U. P.— Gray's Manual. f***\ MEDEOLA 1186. Virginica, L. MELANTHIUM 1187. Virginicum, L. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley ZYGADENUS 1188. glaucus, Nutt. ■Wright Cat L. P. s. w.- Cat. Dexter,— Dr. Elmore Palmer; Ionia (!); Davisburgh (!j; Petoskey (!). L. P. Ann Arbor -Allmend. Rare. VEKATKUM 118!). viride, Ait. (?) (*) Dr. A. B. Lyons. MICHIGAN FLORA. 83 Devil's Bit. False Aspho- del. False Aspho- del. Large-flow- er'd Bellwort. Mealy Bell- wort. Sessile-leaved Oakesia. Wild Oats. Twisted- stalk. Twisted- stalk. Clintonia. /***\ CHAM^ELIRIUM 1190. luteum, Gray. Dr. A. B. Lyons. TOFIELDIA 1191. palustris, Hudson. XL P. Isle Royale,— Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1192. glutinosa, Willd. Th. Sphagnous swamps. Frequent. UVULARIA 1193. grandiflora, Smith. (J. & S. Rich woods. Common. 1194. perfoliata, L. Th. Rich woods. Marquette Co.— Burt MS. Cat. ; Flint ; Macomb Co. Infrequent. OAKESIA 1195. sessilifolia. Th. Low woods. Apparently infrequent 8. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Oftt.j Ypsilanti (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co. (!); and northward to Marquette Co.,— Whitney Cat. STREPTOPUS 1196. amplexifolius, DC. Fort Gi-atiot.— Winch. Cat.; Houghton Lake (!); to L. Superior where it Is rare— Whitney Cat. 1197. roseus, Michx. Drummond's Is. and Sugar Is. very common— Whitney Cat. CLINTONIA 1198. borealis, Raf. -Winch. Cat.; to L. Superior n here it Is Th. Follows the Lake Michigan shore down as far as S. Haven; on the eastern side of the State reaches to Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley; and in the cen- ter of the State is found in Ionia Co. (!). Very common north of latitude 43°. False Solo- mon's Seal. False Spike- nard. Smaller Solo- mon's Seal. Great S. S. SMILACINA 1199. racemosa, Desf. (***) Moist grounds. 1200. stellata, Desf. Moist banks. 1201. trifolia, Desf. Sphagnous swamps. MAIANTHEMUM 1202. bifolia, DC. Woods, everywhere. POLYGONATUM 1203. biflorum, Ell. (***) Ann Arbor.— Winch. Cat.; Ionia Co.(!); and northward. Th. Common. Th. Common. Th. Frequent. Th. Th. Open v Common. 1204. gigantenm, Dietrich. (***) Th. River banks. Stems often very tall and channeled on one Bide. Inter- mediate forms between this and the preceding, occur. ASPARAGUS Asparagus. 1205. officinalis, L. (***) Sparingly escaped from gardens in older parts of the state 84 MICHIGAN FLORA. Wild Orange- red Lily. Wild Yellow Lily. Dog's tooth Violet. Yellow Ad- der's-tongue. White A. White Dog's- tooth Violet. Wild Leek. Wild Onion. Chives. Wild Garlic. Th. LILIUM 1206. Philadelphicum, L. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Petoskey (!); and north- ward. Not common in the central part of the State. 1207. Canadense, L. Th. Meadows and along streams. Common in the center of the State. 1208. superbum, L. C. & S. Low grounds. Ann Arbor (Miss Clark)— Winch. Cat. ; Flint; S. Haven- Bailey. ERYTHRONIUM 1209. Americanum, Smith. Low copses. albidum, Nutt. /-***\ 1210. Th. Common. c. &s. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Lansing— Bailey; Macomb Co.; Flint; Hub- bai'dston (!). "At L. Superior Dr. Robbins found a plant like this but yellow -flowered, a transition towards E. grandiflorum."— Gray's Man. ALLIUM 1211. tricoccum, Ait. Th. Rich woods. Cattle pastured in woodlands in early spring are sure to find and eat this plant, and the "garlic" odor of wild le£k is only too well known to butter buyers in the rural districts. 1212. cernuum, Roth. S. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Put-in Bay, 0.(!) 1213. Schcenoprasum, L. U. P. Dr. A. B. Lyons; Gray's Manual. 1214. Canadense, Kalm. (***) C. & S. Woods. Common. Wood-Rush, Wood-Rush. Wood-Rush. Wood-Rush. Common or Soft Rush. Rush, or Bog Rush. Bog Rush. Bog Rush. Bog Rush. Bog Rush. JUNCACE^E. {Rush Family.) LUZULA 1215. pilosa, Willd. Woods. 1216. parviflora, Desv., var. melanocarpa, Gr. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1217. campestris, DO. Dry woods. 1218. spicata, Desvaux. Dr. A. B. Lyons. JUNCUS 1219. effusus, L. Marshy grounds. 1220. filiformis, L. Saginaw Bay— Winch. Cat.; L. Superior— Jno. Macoun. 1221. Balticus, Dethard. - Sandy shores. S. Haven— Bailey; to Petoskey(!); and northward. 1222. stygius, L. "N. shore of Lake Superior, Mr. Wheeler."— Gray's Manual. 1223. marginatum, Rostk. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. 1224. bufonius, L. C. & S. Roadsides. Common Th. Common. U. P. c. &s. Frequent. U.P. Th. Common. Th. Th. MICHIGAN FLORA. S5 Biack-Grass. 1225. Gerardi, Loisel. "Rare along the Great Lakes."— Gray's Man. Bog Rush. 1226. tenuis, Willd. Low grounds. A tall form, 2# feet high, grows at Muir; and Palo, Ionia Co.(!) common. Bog Rush. 1227. Greenii, Oakes & Tuckerman. S. E, DetroitC!). Bog Rush. 1228. Vaseyi, Engelm. >. j;. With the last. Bog Rush. 1229. pelocarpns, E. Meyer. L. I'. Bear Lake, Manistee Co.— E. J. Hill; Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. Bog Rush. 1230. articulatus, L. Th. S. Haven— Bailey; common at Petoskey(l); and northward. Bog Rush. 1231. alpinus, Villars, var. insignis, Fries. U. P. "Along the Great Lakes northward and westward."— day. Bog Rush. 1232. acuminatus, Michx., var. legitimus, Engelm. ('. ,v 8. Macomb Co.; Fruitport— E. J. Hill; Hubbardston(!). Bog Rush. 1233. nodosus, L. Th. Gravelly banks. , ]U on. Bog Rush. 1234. nodosus, L., var. megacephalus, Torr. Montcalm Co.(!) Bog Rush. 1235. brachycarpus, Engelm. Dr. Engelmann. Bog Rush. 1236. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. longicaudatus, Engelm. C. Fruitport— E. J. Hill; Macomb Co.; Lansing. Bog Rush. 1237. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. brachycephalu.^, Engelm. HubbarclstonC'.). Bog Rush. 1238. Canadensis, J. Gay, var. coarctatus, Engelm. Muir(!); Hubbardston(i); to L. Superior. Pickerel, weed. Water Star- grass. PONTEDERIACE/E. (Pickerel-weed Family.) PONTEDERIA 1239. cordata, L. Th. Borders of lakes and slow streams. Lakes in Oakland Co.(!); Ann Arbor; Ionia Co. (!); and northward. SCHOLLERA 1240. graminea, Willd. C. a 8. Ann Arbor.— Allmend. Cat.; Dexter.— Dr. Elmore Palmer; Gnu ids(!); Hubbardston(i). In streams. •nun. Day-flower. Common Spi- derwort. COMMELYNACEiE. (Spiderwort Family.) COMMELYNA 1241. Virginica, L. Wright Cat. TRADEJSCANTIA 1242. Virginica, L. S. w. 0.4 s. Moist woods. Ionia Co.(!); Grand BapidB(!); Ann Arbor. —Allmendinger Cat. Frequent. Often cultivated in the Eastern Btat 86 Yellow-eyed Grass. MICHIGAN FLOKA. XYRIDACE^E. {Yellow -eyed Grass Family.) XYRIS 1243. flexuosa, Mahl. Macomb Co.(!); S. W.— Wright Cat. ERIOCAULONACE^E. ( Pipewort Family. ) ERIOCAULON Pipewort. 1244. septangulare, With. S. W.— Wright Cat. ; Macomb Co. Infrequent. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Nut-grass. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Galingale. Kyllingia. Dulichium. Umbrella Grass. CYPERACE^E. {Sedge Family.) CYPERUS 1245. flavescens, L. Grand Rapids.— Coleman Cat.; 1246. diandrus, Torr. Low grounds. 1247. erythrorhizos, Muhl. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. 1248. inflexus, Muhl. Coleman Cat. 1249. phymatodes, Muhl. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. 0.J& s. A troublesome weed on low grounds, spreading rapidly by nut-like tubers. Hard to eradicate. Muir (!); Flint; Grand 1250. strigosus, L. ,Low grounds. 1251. Michauxiaous, Schultes. Low grounds. Hubbardston (!); Flint, etc. 1252. Engelmanni, Steud. Fruitport.— E. J. Hill. 1253. Schweinitzii, Torr. Lake Michigan Shore at S. Haven,— Bailey. 1254. filiculmis, Vahl. Sterile soil. KYLLINGIA 1255. pumila, Michx. Dr. Lyons. DULICHIUM 1256. spathaceum, Pers. Borders of ponds and swamps. FUIRENA 1257. squarrosa, Michx., var. pumila, Torr. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. 0. & s. means of its Rapids, etc. Frequent. 0. &s. Common. Common. s. w. 0. &S. Common. s. Th. Common. MICHIGAN FLORA. 87 Hemicarpha. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Spike -rush. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Spike-rush. Bulrush. Bulrush. Bulrush. Sea Club Rush. River Club Rush. HEMICARPHA 1258. subsquarrosa, Nees. S. W.— Wright Cat. ELEOCHARIS 1259. equisetoides, Torr. S. E.— Wright Cat. 1260. quadrangulata, R. Br. C. &. S. S.Mich.— Gray; Flint; border of Crystal Lake, Montcalm Co. (!). Bare. 1261. obtusa, Shultes. C. ft S. Wet grounds. Common. 1262. palustris, E. Br. Th. Wet places. Common. 1263. rostellata, Torr. Marshes. Hubbardston (!); Macomb Co.; Drummond's L— Winch. Oet l::irc 1264. intermedia, Schultes. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley; Grand Traverse Bay.— Winch. Cat. 1265. tenuis, Schultes. C. d S. E.— Wright Cat. ; Hubbardston (!) Infrequent. 1266. acicularis, E. Br. Muddy shores. Common. 1267. pygmaea, Torr. ( . Near salt springs. Flint; Maple River, Clinton Co. (!) SCIRPUS 1268. pauciflorus, Lightfoot. Michigan and northwestward.— Gray's Man. 1269. ca3spitosus, L. Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1270. Clintonii, Gray. Bluffs along Fish Creek, Hubbardston(!); Flint— Dr. D. Clark 1271. planifolius, Muhl. Flint; Macomb Co. Bare 1272. subterminalis, Torr. C & 3. Houghton Lake(!); Woodard Lake, Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb < Mich.— Wr. Cat. 1273. pungens, Vahl. Borders of ponds. 1274. Torreyi, Olney. Borders of ponds.— Gray. 1275. validus, Vahl. In still water. 1276. Smithii, Gray. Macomb Co. 1277. maritimus, L. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. 1278. fluviatilis, Gray. Margins of rivers. S Mich.— Winch. Oat.; Macomb Co, abundant along Maple River. 1279. atrovirens, Muhl. Wet meadows. 1280. polyphyllus, Vahl. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. U. P. Infrequent. L r. Common. Tli. Common. c. A s. Hnbbnrd Th. I mmon. 88 MICHIGAN FLORA. Bulrush. Wool-grass. Alpine Cotton- grass. Sheathed Cot- ton-grass. Virginian Cot- ton-grass. Many Stem- med Cotton- grass. Graceful Cot- ton-grass. c. &s. Hubbardston (!). Infrequent. Th. Frequent. Th. Infrequent. Th. Sphagnous swamps. S. Mich.— "Winch. Cat.; Lansing— Baily; Macomb Co.; Hubbarclston (!); Stanton (!); and northward. Rare. Th. Hubbarclston (!); Infrequent. L. P. Common. Th. 1281. lineatus, Michx. River banks. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. ; Flint; Macomb Co. 1282. Eriophorum, Michx. "Wet meadows. ERIOPHORUM 1283. alpinuin, L. Mud Lake (!); Petoskey— E. J. Hill; Macomb Co. 1284. vaginatum, L. Flint; Beak Rush. Beak Rush. Beak Rush. Twig Rush. Nut Rush. Nut Rush. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. 1285. Virginicum, L. ■ Sphagnous swamps, northward. 1286. polystachyon, L. Swamps. 1287. gracile, Koch. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. northward. FIMBRISTYLIS 1288. spadicea, Vahl., var S. W.— Wright Cat. 1289. autumnalis, Roem S. Mich.— Wright Cat. 1290. capillaris, Gray. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Detroit (!; RHYNCHOSPORA 1291. alba, Vahl. Bogs. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat Winch. Cat. Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat.; Flint: Hubbarclston (!); Montcalm Co. (!); and Rare. castauea, Gr, & Schultes. Beak Rush. 1292. capillacea, Torr. Bogs and sandy lake shores. Hubbardston (!); Flint; toskey (!). L. P. Macomb Co.; Hubbardston (\); N. E.— Infrequent. Th. Macomb Co,; Pe- Infrequent. 1293. capillacea, Torr., var. leviseta, Hill. Shore Grand Traverse Bay, near Torch Lake— E. J. Hill. 1294. glomerata, Vahl. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Macomb Co. CLADIUM 1295. mariscoides, Torr. G. & S. Bogs. S. Mich— Wright Cat.; Macomb Co.; Flint; Hubbardston (!). SCLERIA 1296. triglomerata, Michx. G. & S. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Macomb Co.; Flint. 1297. verticillata, Muhl. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. CAREX 1298. gynocrates, Wormskiold. N. E. and N. W.— Winch. Cat. 1299. soirpoidea, Michx. N. E.— Winch. Cat. 1300. pauciflora, Lightfoot. U. P. U. P.— Dr. A. B. Lyons; Chocolate R., L. Superior— Henry Gillman. MICHIGAN FLORA. 89 Sedge. 1301. Sedge. 1302. Sedge. 1303. Sedge. 1304. Sedge. 1305. Sedge. 1306. Sedge. 1307. Sedge. 1308. Sedge. 1309. Sedge. 1310. Sedge. 1311. Sedge. 1312. Sedge. 1313. Sedge. 1314. Sedge. 1315. Sedge. 1316. Sedge. 1317. Sedge. 1318. Sedge. 1319. Sedge. 1320. Sedge. 1321. Sedge. 1322. Sedge. 1323. Sedge. 1324. -Sedsre. 1325. polytrichoides, Muhl. Low grounds. Willdenovii, Schk. Bear Lake, Van Buren Co.— E. J. Hill. Steudelii, Kuuth. Dr. A. B. Lyons. Backii, Boott. Ontonagon River.— Whitney Cat. bromoides, Schk. Low grounds. siccata, Dew. Barrens. Macomb Co.; Flint; IIubbardston(!). distich a, Huds. Th. Common. Bare. v. p. Th. Common. 0. Infrequent. Th. S.Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co. ; Flint, Snbbardston(l) and northward. teretinscula, Good. Th. Swamps. Common. teretinscula, var. major, Koch. Hubbard s ton (1). decomposita, Muhl. Hubbardston(i); Ann Arbor.— Allmendinger Cat.; s. Midi.; Wrigh ran-. vulpinoidea, Michx. Low meadows. Kuttallii, Schw. Dr. A. B. Lyons. stipata, Muhl. Low grounds. coujuucta, Boott. Flint.— Dr. D. Clark. Hubbardston (!). alopecoidea, Tuckennau. Macomb Co.; Gray's Man. muricata, L. Macomb Co.— Dr. D. Cooley. sparganioides, Muhl. Low, rich grounds. cephaloidea, Dew. & Boott. Fields. Macomb Co.— Cooley; Ann Arbor.— Allmend. Cat. cephalophora, Muhl. Open woods. Miihlenbergii, Schk. Fields. Hubbardston (!); Macomb Co. rosea, Schk. Moist woods. rosea, Schk., var. retroflexa, Olncv. Dr. A. B. Lyons. chordorhiza, Ehrh. Th. Common. Th. Common. Infrequent. o. a 3. Frequent. 0. &s. Common. 0. a 3. Infrequent, [uent. Th. . MacombOo.; Bubbardston ,' i Btanton, Mont.-:/ CD. tenella, Schk. S. e. -Wright Cat.; Macomb Co.; Flint; Hubbardston rt.lnvMi'il. C. N. & U. P. Th. . and northward. trisperma, Dew. Upland swamps. Hubbardston (!) ; Flint; Macomb Oa ;. and nortbwwj 90 MICHIGAN FLORA. sedge. 1326. tenuiflora, Wahl. Macomb Co.; U. P.— Whitney Cat. sedge. 1327. canescens, L. Th. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; and north- ward. Swamps. Frequent. sedge. 1328. vitilis, Fries. Th. Hubbardston (!); Flint, etc. Infrequent. sedge. 132 9. Deweyana, Schw. Th. Woods. Frequent. sedge. i33o. sterilis, Willd. Th. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; and north- ward. sedge. 1331. stellulata, L. Th. S. E.— Wright Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Flint; Macomb Co.; and northward sedge. 1332. sychnocephala, Carey. Crystal, Montcalm Co. (!); the only known station in the State. sedge. 1333. Muskingumensis, Schw. Borders of a marsh in Ronald, Ionia Co. ( !); Flint. Sedge. 1334. scoparia, Schk. Low grounds, everywhere. sedge. 1335. lagopc-dioides, Schk. Moist shady places. Common. Sedge. 133G. lagopc-dioides, Schk., var. cristata, Carey, C. & S. Low grounds. Common. sedge. 1337. lagopodioides, Schk., var. mirabilis, Olney. With the last. Common. sedge. 1338. albalutescens, Schw. Hubbardston (!). sedge. 1339. straminea, Schk., var. typica, Boott. Ann Arbor,— Allmendinger Cat. ; Flint. Sedge. 1340. straminea, Schk., var. festacacea, Boott. S. Mich.— Winch. Cat.; Macomb Co.: Flint; Hubbardston (!). Infrequent. sedge. 1341. tenera, Dewey. Ann Arbor.— Allmendinger Cat. ; Macomb Co. ; Flint; Hubbardston (!) Frequent, sedge. 1342. tenera, Dewey, var. major, Olney. Hubbardston (!). Sedge. 1343. vulgaris, Fries. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Coleman Cat. sedge. 1344. aquatilis, Wahl. Th. Margins of streams. S. Mich.— Wright Cat.; Flint; Macomb Co. Hub- bardston (!); Sitting Rabbit— Winch. Cat. Infrequent. sedge. 1345. torta, Boott. (?). sedge. 1346. stricta, Lam. Th. Low grounds. Common. sedge. 1347. lenticularis, Michx. IT. P. "Upper Michigan,"— Gray; Laughing Fish R., L. Superior— Henry Gill- man. sedge. 1348. crinita, Lam. Th. Low grounds. Common. edge. 1349. gynandra, Schw., Boott. Dr. Gray. MICHIGAN FLORA. 91 Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. Sedge. 1350. limosa, L. Bogs. Ann Arbor— Allmend. northward. Cat.; Macomb Co.; irrigua, Smith. Sphagnous swamps. 1351. 1352. Buxbaumii, Wahl. Macomb Co.; Isabella Co.(!) Th. IIubbardston(!); and Infrequent. 0., N. & U. P. Rare. Th. Hubb;ir Moist woods. A variety of this grass is found in one locality near Hub- bardston with smooth and very glaucous culms, leaves rough, hairy. DANTHONIA 1527. spicata, Beau v. Th. Sterile soil. Frequent AVENA 1528. striata, Michx. ('. S S. S. E.— Wright Cat.; MacombCo.; Flint; Hubbardston (!). 1529. Smithii, T. C. Porter. U. P. Isle Royale, Keweenaw Point— Dr. Rob bin 8 in Gray's Man.; an I near Sault Ste. Marie— C. E. Smith. TKISETUM Trisetum. 1530. subspicatum, Beauv., var. niolle, Gray. Whitney Cat. Common Hair- 1531, flexuosa, L. Grass. _ ury places. Wild Oat Grass. Oat. r. p. Infrequent, Th. Bogs. s. Mich.— Wright Cat. ; Flint; Hubbardston (!); Petoskey (1). Frequent. Hair-Grass. 1532. C03Spitosa, L Bogs. S. Mich.- ARRHENATHERUM oat-Grass. 1533. ave?iaceu?n, Beauv. Macomb Co., etc. Escaped from culture. HIEROCHLOA vaniiiaorsen- 1534. borealis, Rceni. & Scliultcs. eca-Grass. Not confined to tlie shores of the Great Lakes; found in the central part .Mac. -uih (',..; Flint; s. fc— of the State at Ionia 0); Hubbardston (1) Winch. Cat., etc. Common. 100 MICHIGAN FLORA. Sweet Vernal- Grass. Reed Canary- Grass. Millet-Grass. Panic-Grass. Common Crab or Finger Grass. Old-witch Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Panic-Grass. Barnyard- Grass. ANTHOXANTHUM 1535. odoratum, L. Ionia (!); Grand Rapids— Coleman Cat.; Petoskey (!). PHALARIS 1536. arundinacea, L. Rare. Th. Borders of streams. Rare in L. P. "Var. picta, the leaves striped with white, is the familiar ribbon-grass of the garden."— Gray's Manual. Lansing— Bailey; Ann Arbor— Prof. M. W.Harrington; S. Mich.— Winch Cat.; Macomb Co. ; Flint; Hubbardston (!); northward to L. Superior- Whitney Cat. Infrequent. Th. Frequent. Common. Foxtail. Pigeon -Grass. Green Foxtail. Bottle-Grass. The spreading panicle is easily broken off and blown Common. and northward to Ionia(!); Flint. MILIUM 1537. effusum, L. Woods. PANICUM 1538. filiforme, L. S. W.— Wright Cat. 1539. glabrum, Gaudin. Waste places. 1540. sanguinale, L. Waste places, gardens, and fields. A bad weed, difficult to dig up or pull out; grows quickly and is perhaps the worst weed we have in gardens at least in some localities. P. glabrum grows in the same situations but is smaller and easily eradicated. 1541. capillare, L. Sandy soil, fields about by the wind. 1542. virgatum, L. S. Mich.— Wright Cat grass along rivers. 1543. latifoliurn, L. Rich woods 1544. clandestinum, L. Low grounds. Macomb Co.; Lansing(!), Flint(!), Hubbardston(!). 1545. inicrocarpon, Muhl. Gray's Manual. i546. pauciflorum, Ell. Hubbardston (!). Along the R. R. between St. Johns and Muir(!j. 1547. dichotomum, L. Th. Dry or low grounds. A very common and exceedingly variable grass. Some forms seem distinct enough to be considered species. 1548. depauperatum, Muhl. Th. Dry woods and barrens. Common. 1549. Crus-galU, L. Low grounds. Variable. Common. 1550. Crus-galU, L., var. hispidum, Gray. In swamps, where it seems indigenous. Common. SETARIA 1551. verticillata, Beau v. Lansing, College grounds. 1552. glauca, Beauv. Fields and gardens. Common. 1553. viridis, Beauv. Cultivated grounds. Common. A tall coarse Infrequent. c. &s. Common. Rare. MICHIGAN FLORA. 101 Millet. Bengal-Grass. 1554 « -BflJlYw, Kuilth. Remaining after cultivation. Adv. Bur-Grass. Beard-Grass. Beard-Grass. Beard-Grass. Indian-Grass. Wood Grass. CENCHRUS 1555. tribuloides, L. This bad weed has begun to occupy the 8. part of the State, not baring been reported N. of Grand Kapida(l). Not m ret troublesome in fields, but likely to become soon sandy farms along the Great Laki ANDROPOGOX 1556. furcatus, Mubl. Light soil. 1557. scoparius, Mx. Sterile soil. 1558. Virgin icus, L. S. Mich.— Wright Cat. SORGHUM 1559. nutans, Gray. Dry banks and sandy fields. Variable. 0. & s. Common. C. &. 8. Frequent. 0. & s. Common. Great Horse- tail. Common Horsetail. Meadow Horsetail. Wood Horse- tail. Swamp Horsetail. Scouring Rush. EQUISETACE^S. (Horsetail Family. ) EQUISETUM 1560. Tel m ate i a, Ehrh. Shore of the upper Great Lakes.— Gray's Manual. 1561. arvense, L. (***j Damp, sandy grounds. 1562. pratense, Ehrh. Macomb Co.; Flint; to Pine Lake, Emmet Co.— Winch. Cat. 1563. sylvaticum, L. Th. Common. I, P. i: ure. Th. Ann Arbor, rare. — Allmend. Cat. ; Clinton Co. (!); Montcalm Co. (!); Flint; and northward where it is common. 1564. palnstre, L. 1565. limosuiii, L. In shallow water. 1566. hyemale, L. (***) Wet banks. 1567. varieffatum, Schleicher U. P. 0. & s. Common. Th. Common. Th. S. E.— Winch. Cat.; Hubbardston (!); Muir (!); Macomb Co.; Flu dunes at the head of Little Traverse Bay {'.y, Drummond'fl L, etc. 1 n f r. 1568. scirpoides, Michx. Th. Macomb Co. ; Flint; Hubbardston (!); Tetoskey [!); to L. Superior.— Whit. ney Cat. Common Polypody. FILICES. (Ferns.) POLYPODIUM 1569. vulgare, L. (***) Th. Drv banks and rocks. Grand Ledge— Prof W. J. Beal; Hul etc. Barely seen in L. P., but very common In I . P. 102 MICHIGAN FLORA. American Maiden-hair. Bracken or Eagle-Fern. Slender Cliff- Brake. Clavton's Cliff- Brake. American Rock-Brake. Virginia Chain-Fern. Netted Chain- Fern. Maiden-hair Spleen wort. Ebony Spleen- wort. Wall- Rue. Narrow- leaved Spleenwort. Silvery Spleenwort. Lady- Fern. Lady-Fern. Walking-Leaf. Common Beech-Fern. Hexagon Beech-Fern. Oak-Fern. ADIANTUM 15?0. pedatum, L. Rich, moist woods. One of our most beautiful ferns. PTERIS 1571. aquilina, L. Thickets. /*** i Th. Common. Th. Common. PELLJ3A 1572. gracilis, Hook. Louse Is.— Winch. Cat. 1573. atropurpurea, Link. Shaded limestone rocks. N. E.— Winch Cat.; Put-in-Bay (!) CRYPTOGRAMME 1574. acrostichoides, R. Br. Isle Royale.— Gray's Manual. WOODWARDIA 1575. Virginica, Smith. U. P. Th. S. W.— Wright Cat.; Ann Arbor, rare— Allmendinger Cat.; Infrequent. 0. &s. idinger C nfrequen o.&s. Marshes. Marquette Co.— Burt MS. Cat.; Westville, Montcalm Co. (!); Macomb Co.; Flint; Lansing & So. Haven— Bailey; Hubbardston (!); Ann Arbor— Allmend. Cat. 1576. angustifolia, Smith. The only known locality of this fern in Michigan is at South Haven, where it was detected in 1880 by L. H. Bailey, Jr. ASPLENIUM 1577. Trichomanes, L. N. N. E.— Winch. Cat. 157S. ebeneum, Ait. Allegan (!)— Miss Josie A. Williams. 1579. Ruta-muraria, L. N. E.— Winch. Cat. 1580. angustifolium, Michs Rich woods Flint; S. Haven and Lansing— Bailey; Ionia Co. (!) 1581. thelypteroides, Michx. (***) Rich woods. 1582. Filix-fcemina, Bernh. (***) Th. Moist woods. Exceedingly variable. Common. 1583. Filix-foeinina, Bernh., var. exile, Eaton. Hubbardston (!). CAMPTOSORUS 1584. rhizophyllus, Link. (?) Occurs in N. Ohio, and may be looked for S. PHEGOPTERIS 1585. polypodioides, Fee. U. P. Isle Royale— Dr. A. B. Lyons. 15b6. hexagonoptera, Fee. C. & S. Beech woods. Flint; Hubbardston (!); Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat. Rare. 1587. Dryopteiis, Fee. Th. Open woods. Frequent n. of lat. 43°, especially under pines. MICHIGAN FLORA. 103 Marsh Shield- Fern. New York Shield-Fern. Fragrant Wood-Fern. Spinulose or Common Wood-Fern. Spinulose or Common Wood-Fern. Spinulose or Common Wood-Fern. Boott's Wood- Fern. Crested Wood. Fern. Gold ie's Wood- Fern. Male-Fern. Evergreen Wood-Fern. Christmas- Fern. Holly-Fern. Prickly Shield-Fern. Bulblet Cystopteris. Brittle-Fern. Mountain Cystopteris. Ostrich-Fern. Sensitive- Fern. •Obtuse-leaved Woodsia. ASPIDIUM 1588. Thelypteris, Swartz. Swamps. 1589. Noveboracense. Swartz. Th. Frequent. 0. & 8. Swamps. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat. ; Macomb Co.: Lansing— Bailer: Hubbardston (!). J ' 1590. fragrans, Swartz. U. P. Crevices of shaded cliffs. Isle Royale, and Keweenaw Peninsula.— Dr. Lyons. 1591. spinulosum, Swartz, var. vnlgare, Baton, Th. Shady woods. Flint; Hubbardston (!); L. Superior— D. 0. Baton, l*( of N. A. 1592. spinulosum, Swartz, var. intermedium, Eaton. Th. Woods. Common. 1593. spinulosum, Swartz, var. dilatatnm, Eaton. Th. Woods. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat.; Macomb Co.; Flint; Hubbard- stone!); PetoskevO); an d northward. 1594. Boottii, Tuckerman. Alder thickets. Hubbardston (!); Ann Arbor— Winch. Cat. 1595. cristatum, Swartz. Th. Swamps. Frequent. 1596. cristatum, Swartz, var. Olintonianum, Eaton. Ann Arbor.— Allmendinger Cat; Hubbardston (!). 1597. Goldianum, Hook. 0. A 3. Moist woods. Lansing.— Bailey; Flint; Hubbardston (!). Bare. 1598. Filix-mas, Swartz. (*) U. P. Rocky woods. Keweenaw Peninsula, Lake Superior.— Gray. 1599. marginale, Swartz. (***) Th. Hillsides in rich woods. S. Haven— Bailey; Flint; Hubbardston (1); and northward. Frequent 1600. acrostichoides, Swartz. Th. Shady hillsides. Fronds evergreen, used for decoration. Common. KiOl. Lonchitis, Swartz. 1 . P. Woods. Southern shore of L. Superior.— Prof. Whitney. 1602. aculeatum, Swartz., var. Braunii, Koch. U. P. Ontonagon Peninsula.— Eaton's Ferns of X. A. CYSTOPTEKIS 1603. bulbifera, Bernh. Moist shaded hillsides. 1604. fragilis, Bernh. Woods and river banks. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat.; I »nslng— Bai- ley; Flint; Hubbardston (!) northward to L. Superior— Whitney. 1605. montana, Bernh. North shore of Lake Superior, J. Macoun, 1888,— Eaton's Ferna Of N. A.; and probably in our district. ONOCLEA 1606. struthiopteris, lloff. Th. Alluvial soil. Worthy of cultivation ; one Of our finest ferns. 1607. sensibilis, L. Th * Wet places. Abundant. WOODSIA 1608. obtusa, Torr. Rocky places. Th. Locally frequent. Th. r. p. N'..t rare. 104 MICHIGAN FLORA. Rusty Woodsia. Smooth Woodsia. Northern Woodsia. Oregon Woodsia. Hairy Dicksonia. Royal-Fern. Clayton's Floweriug- Fern. Cinnamon- Fern. Moonwort, Hitchcock's Moonwort. Lanceolate Grape-Fern. Matricary Grape- Fern. Virginia Grape-Fern. Ternate Grape-Fern. Dissected G.-F. 1609. Ilvensis, R. Br. N. & U. P. N. E.— Winch. Cat. ; L. Superior— Whitney Cat. 1610. glabella, R. Br. ? North Shore of Lake Superior— J. Macoun. 1611. hyperborea, R. Br. ? North shore of Lake Superior— J. Macoun. The last two species may be- looked for in our district. 1612. Oregana, D. 0. Eaton. U.P. Crevices of rocks south shore of Lake Superior— Gray's Manual. DICKSONIA 1613. pilioscula, Willd. Petoskey, Emmet Co.,— Winch. Cat. OSMUNDA 1614. regalis, L. (***) Swamps. 1615. Clay ton i an a, L. Moist grounds. 1616. cinnamomea, L. Swamps. BOTRYCHIUM 1617. Lunaria, Swartz. "Lake Superior CLesquereux), and sparingly northward.' Manual. N. Th. Common. Th. Common. Common. U. P. -Eaton in Gray's- 1618. simplex, Hitchcock. U. P. Hillsides. Westward to Lake Superior.— D. C. Eaton, Ferns of N. Am. 1619. lanceolatum, Angstrcem. U. P. Damp mossy places. Lake Superior— H. Gillman. 1620. matricariaBfolium, Al. Braun. U. P. Dark wet woods. Lake Superior.— D. C. Eaton. 1621. Virginicum, Swartz. Th. Rich woods. Common. 1622. ternatum, Swartz, var. lunaroides, Eaton. J. Macoun. 1623. ternatum, Swartz, var. obliquum, Eaton. Pastures and meadows. Fort Gratiot and S. Mich.— Winch. Cat. ; Flint; Sv Haven,— Bailey ; Lansing (!); Ann Arbor,— Allmendinger Cat.; Gratiot Co. (!). Infrequent. 1624. ternatum, Swartz, var. dissectum, Eaton. South Haven (!)— Bailey. Club-moss. Club-moss. Club-moss. LYCOPODIACE.E. (Club-moss Family.) LYCOPODIUM 1625. lucidulum, Mx. Th. Moist woods. Frequent. 1626. Selago, L. Lake Superior— Gray's Manual. 162?. inundatum, L. Th. Drummond's I., Willow River, Huron Co., Sugar Is.— Winch Cat. MICHIGAN FLORA. 105 Club-moss. Tree-like O. Ground-Pine. Common Club-moss. Selaginella. Selaginella. Selaginella. 1C28. aunotmnm, L. Woods. Petoskey (!) to L. Superior. 1G29. dendroid en in, Michx. Moist woods. 1G30. clavatum, L. (***) Dry woods. 1C3I. complanatum, L. N. & U. P. Common. Th. Common. Tli. Common. Th. Bangor, Van P>uren Co.— Bailey; WooManl Lake, Ionia Co.(!); Flint; Macomb Co.; Stanton(!); and northward. SELAGINELLA 1G32. selaginoides, Link. U. P. Isle Royale— Dr. A. B. Lyons. 1C33. rupestris, Spring. Th. Flint; Woodard Lake(!); rare in L. P., but common in U. P. 1G34. apus, Spring. Ann Arbor— Allmendinger Cat. ; IIubbardston(!) Infrequent. ERRATA Page 5, line 22. For " three-fourths" read two-thirds. Page 6, line 22. For "eltaum" read elalum. Page 6 , line 24. For " Sheperdia" read Shepherdia. Page 7, line 13 from the bottom. For "Potamageton" read Potamogeton. Page 10, note under No. 1G. P"or " full— double " read full-double. Page 12, under No. 43, after "Flint, etc.," read Commonly cultivated fur hedges, and rarely adventive. Page 12, note under No. 44. For " Commmon" read Common. Page 14. No. 78 is an introduced plant. Page 18, No. 150, com. name. For * k Long-eared" read Long-leaved. Page 18, No. 160. Read "Adv. and rare," after " Dr. Wright, Dr. Clark." Page 19, No. 171, com. name. Insert a period after " Indian Mallow."' Page 19. No. 172 is indigenous. Page 19, No. 174, com. name. Insert a period after " Basswood." Page 20. No. 182 is adventive from Europe. Page 21, note under No. 195. For " inoculous" read innocuous. Page 21, No. 196. For " radican" read radicans. Page 26, No. 273. For " Leucantha" read leucantha. Page 29, note under No. 318. For " Kittattiny " read Kittalinny. Page 29, note under No. 330. For "Crategus" read Crataegus. Page 36, note under No. 431. For "flower" read fruit. Page 40. Read " BARRENS" as part of note under No. 502— Botoens. S. Mich., etc. Page 42, No. 541. For " var. L.," read L., var. Page 56, No. 792, com. name. For " Frog-Fruit" read Fog-fruit. Page 64, No. 911. For " S." read C. & S. Page 65, No. 929. For " lapithifolium " read lapathifolium. Page 70, No. 1010. For " vulgoris," read vulgaris Lam. Page 74, note under No. 1057. For "cental" read central. Page 79, note under No. 1130. Substitute a period for the comma after "pine region." Page 87, No. 1261. For " Shultes," road Schultes. Page 88, note under No. 1284. For "Baily " read Bailey. Page 89, No. 1309. For " teretinscula," read teretiuscida, Good. Page 92, No. 1389. For " Scabrata," read scabrata. Page 94, No. 1440. For " Low Grounds," read Low ground. Page 96, note under No. 1466. Substitute a period for the comma after "River banks." Library .n,