413 8 .** w 2A. c ^r ES o< * /■ NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 413 Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States Crustacea: Branchiura Roger F. Cressey May 1978 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quantity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels tor optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, development and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the pment and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. 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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. i tinl tnued t>n inside l>;u-k cover % .„Q MMQ&fr, "*'^7o7^ NOAA Technical Report Circular 413 Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Branchiura Roger F. Cressey May 1978 o a. ■ Q 3 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Juanita M. Kreps. Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock No. 003-0I 7-00419-8 FOREWORD This issue of the "Circulars" is part of a subseries entitled "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States." This subseries will consist of original, illustrated, modern manuals on the identification, classification, and general biology of the estuarine and coastal marine plants and animals of the northeastern United States. Manuals will be published at irregular intervals on as many taxa of the region as there are specialists available to collaborate in their preparation. The manuals are an outgrowth of the widely used "Keys to Marine Invertebrates of the Woods Hole Region," edited by R. I. Smith, published in 1964, and produced under the auspices of the Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Instead of revising the "Woods Hole Keys," the staff of the Systematics-Ecology Program decided to ex- pand the geographic coverage and bathymetric range and produce the keys in an entirely new set of expanded publications. The "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is being prepared in collaboration with systematic specialists in the United States and abroad. Each manual will be based primarily on recent and ongoing revisionary systematic research and a fresh examination of the plants and animals. Each major taxon, treated in a separate manual, will include an in- troduction, illustrated glossary, uniform originally illustrated keys, annotated check list with in- formation when available on distribution, habitat, life history, and related biology, references to the major literature of the group, and a systematic index. These manuals are intended for use by biology students, biologists, biological oceano- graphers, informed laymen, and others wishing to identify coastal organisms for this region. In many instances the manuals will serve as a guide to additional information about the species or the group. Geographic coverage of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is planned to include organisms from the headwaters of estuaries seaward to approximately the 200-m depth on the continental shelf from Maine to Virginia, but may vary somewhat with each major taxon and the interests of collaborators. Whenever possible representative specimens dealt with in the manuals will be deposited in the reference collections of major museums in the region. After a sufficient number of manuals of related taxonomic groups have been published, the manuals will be revised, grouped, and issued as special volumes. These volumes will thus con- sist of compilations of individual manuals within phyla such as the Cnidaria, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, or of groups of phyla. CONTENTS Introduction I Glossary 1 Key to the Branchiura of northeastern United States 3 Annotated systematic list 8 Selected bibliography 8 Systematic index 9 Acknowledgments 10 Coordinator's comments 10 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. in Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Crustacea: Branchiura ROGER F.CRESSEY' ABSTRACT Eleven species of Argulus are known from the northeastern United States. An illustrated key and an annotated list of these species with notes on their hosts and distribution within and without the study area are included. New host records are included. INTRODUCTION The class Branchiura, once considered a subgroup of the class Copepoda, consists of a single order (Ar- gulidea) and two families (Argulidae and Dipteropel- tidae); the first with three genera (Argulus, Chonopeltis, and Dolops) and the latter with two (Dipteropeltis and Talaus). Argulus is cosmopolitan in distribution and the only genus reported from North America and Europe. Members of the class (commonly known as "fish lice") are parasitic on freshwater and coastal marine fishes. They are characterized by the presence of compound eyes, prehensile antennae, and the second maxillae transformed into sucker disks (except Dolops). The feeding mechanism consists of a long preoral stylet or "string" and a posterior mouth tube (Fig. 1). The parasite repeatedly pierces the host tissue with the stylet and probably uses the mouth tube to ingest fluids oozing from the resultant wounds. Eggs are attached to substrate objects (rocks, vegeta- tion, etc.). Development is direct (newly hatched forms resemble the adult). Tokiota (1936) described seven lar- val stages and several subsequent molts for Argulus japonicus, and he reported that sexual maturity was achieved in about 30 days. The sexes can be distin- guished in the first larval stage. Adult males are general- ly smaller than females and can be distinguished from them by the presence of a pair of elongate testes within the abdomen along each side of the midline and by the presence of sclerotized processes on the basal segments of thoracic legs 2, 3, and 4. Females possess a pair of round- ed spermathecae in the proximal third of the abdomen; the basal portions of the legs are unmodified. 'Smithsonian Institution. U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Washington. DC 20560. Argulids are "loosely" associated with their hosts and quickly drop off when the fish is removed from water. Consequently, fish should be examined as soon after cap- ture as possible. The parasites are found on the body sur- face, in the gill chamber, and in the mouth of the host. Argulids are often collected in plankton samples as well, due to their transient attachment to their hosts. Collec- tions should be preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol; 5% For- malin is acceptable for short-term preservation. Where Formalin is used, the material should be transferred to alcohol as soon as possible as Formalin tends to decal- cify materials over a long period of time. It may be neces- sary to clear heavily pigmented specimens in a warm solution of 10% KOH for 15 min or more in order to study them microscopically. Small or less pigmented specimens may be cleared in lactic acid for study. To examine the respiratory area it may be necessary to dissect one side of the carapace from the rest of the body. GLOSSARY Carapace dorsolateral plate covering cephalothorax. Respiratory areas two areas on each ventrolateral part of the carapace devoid of sclerotization and open to the overlaying tissues. Scales short integumental processes with blunt or broadly rounded tips occurring singly or in groups. Spines short integumental processes with pointed tips occurring singly or in groups. Sucker modified second maxilla, seen ventrally, one on each side of the oral area. Sucker rod supporting structures composed of a series of sclerotized processes radiating outwardly in the membrane fringing the outer edge of the sucker. preoral sting antennae sucker rod area sucker mouth tube maxilla respiratory areas developing eggs spermatheca abdomen Figure I .— Argulus alosae, female, ventral view, labeled. KEY TO THE BRANCHIURA OF NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES Smaller respiratory area mostly or entirely anterior to larger (specimens "mostly anterior' have sucker rods of 5-7 elements) Figure 2. — Respiratory areas of: a. Argulus japonicus; b. A. chesapeakensis; c. A. laticauda; d. A. megalops; e. A. alosae; f. A. funduli. Smaller respiratory area mostly or entirely lateral to larger (specimens "mostly lateral" have sucker rods of 2 elements) 7 a Figure 3. — Respiratory areas of: a. Argulus versicolor; b. A. catastomi; c. A. appendiculosus; d. A. stizo- 8tethi; e. A. maculosus. - i .' i Mouth tube with spines or scales at base . 2 (J) Mouth tube without spines or scales at base W » j a b c Figure ■!.— Mouth tubes of: a. Argulus japonicus; b. A. alosae; c. A. megalops. 3(2) More than 15 elements in sucker rods Argulus funduli Figure 5. — Sucker rods of Argulus funduli. 3 (2) Less than 15 elements in sucker rods 4 4 (3) Mouth tube with spines at base (see Fig. 4b). Sucker rods as in Figure 6 Argulus alosae Figure 6. — Sucker rods of Argulus alosae. Figure 7.— Sucker rods of Argulus megalops. 4 (3) Mouth tube with scales at base (see Fig. 4c). Sucker rods as Figure 7 Argulus megalops 1 1 I & 5(2) More than 5 elements in sucker rods . . . Argulus japonicus Figure 8. — Sucker rods of Argulus japonicus. 5 (2) Less than 6 elements in sucker rods 6 6(5) Antennal spines nearly as wide as long. Sucker rods of 4-5 elements Argulus laticauda Figure 9. — Argulus laticauda: a. antennae; b. sucker rods. 6(5) Antennal spines much longer than wide. Sucker rods of 3-4 elements Argulus chesapeakensis Figure 10. — Argulus chesapeakensis: a. antennae; b. sucker rods. 7(1) More than 8 elements in sucker rods 8 7 (1) Less than 8 elements in sucker rods 9 8 (7) More than 12 elements in sucker rods Arbulus stizostithi Figure 11. — Sucker rods of Argulus stizostethi. (7) Less than 12 elements in sucker rods , ARgulus catostomi Figure 12. — Sucker rods of Argulus catostomi. 9 (7) More than 3 elements in sucker rods Argulus versicolor Figure 13. — Sucker rods of Argulus versicolor. 9 ( 7) Less than 3 elements in sucker rods 10 10 (9) Basal element of sucker rod longer than terminal Argulus maculosus Figure 14. — Sucker rods of Argulus maculosus. 10 (9) Basal element of sucker rod shorter than terminal . . . Argulus appendiculosus Figure 15. — Sucker rods of Argulus appendiculosus. ANNOTATED SYSTEMATIC LIST The 11 species of Argulus known from the north- eastern United States are arranged alphabetically. Notes on the distribution and hosts of each species within and without the study area are included. Comments on ecology and frequency are included wherever appro- priate. An asterisk denotes new host record. Argulus alosae Gould 1841. Distribution: east coast of North America from Nova Scotia to the Gulf coast of Texas. Hosts: Microgadus tomcod; Tautogolabrus adspersus; Alosa pseudoharengus; Dorosoma cepedianum; Clupea harengus; Cynoscion nebulosus; Gasterosteus sp. [originally reported as G. bispinosus from the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Wilson, 1902)]; Strongylura marina; Rhopilema verrilli* (medusa). This species has been reported from several species of inshore marine fish but its repeated occurrence on clupeids (Alosa, Clupea, and Dorosoma) may indicate a preference for that host family. Argulus appendiculosus Wilson 1907. Distribution: northern half of United States from Vermont to Vir- ginia west to Wyoming and also Texas and Loui- siana. Hosts: Catostomus catostomus; Ictiobus cyprinellus, I. bubalus; Ictalurus punctatus, I. melas, I. nebulosus; Amia calva; Micropterus salmoides; Morbne (Roceus) chrysops; Perea flavescens; Cy- prinus carpio; Stizostedion vitreum; Dorosoma cepedianum; Lepisosteus osseus*. Argulus appen- diculosus has so far only been reported from fresh- water, but since one of its hosts (Dorosoma) is found in coastal marine waters as well, the parasite may also be eventually found there. Argulus catostomi Dana and Herrick 1837. Distribu- tion: northern United States from Massachusetts west to Minnesota. Hosts: Catostomus commersoni, C. catostomus; Hypentelium nigricans; Erimyzon sucet- ta; Cyprinus carpio; Notemigonus crysoleucas. So far this parasite has been found only in freshwater and on members of the families Catostomidae and Cy- prinidae. Argulus chesapeakensis Cressey 1971. Distribution: southeast coast of United States from Chesapeake Bay south to Sapelo Island, Ga. Hosts: Opsanus tau; Archosargus probatoeephalus*; Arius felis*; Mugil cephalus*; Gobiosoma bosci*; Paralichthys dentatus; Dasyatis americana*; Pteroplatea maclura*; Rachy- centron canadum. This species has so far been col- lected only from the southeast coast of the United States. It is closely related to A. laticauda, found along the northeast coast. Argulus funduli Kroyer 1863. Distribution: east coast of North America from New Brunswick, Canada, south to the mouth of the Neches River, Texas, collected at several localities between. Hosts: Menidia notata; Lagodon rhomboides; Pseudopleuronectes ameri- canus; Cyprinodon variegatus; Fundulus grandis, F. hptcroclitus, F. majalis, F. ocellaris. This species is common along the entire east coast of the United States and is most often associated with marine cyprinodontids. Argulus japonicus Thiele 1900. Distribution: entire United States. Hosts: Carassius auratus (goldfish). This argulid is an introduced species brought into the United 'States from the Orient on aquarium fish. It is very common anywhere goldfish are found. No records from marine waters to date. Argulus laticauda Smith 1873. Distribution: northeast coast of United States from New England south to Long Island Sound. Hosts: Prionotus sp.; Anguilla rostrata; Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Common on the American eel and winter flounder of the north- east coast. Argulus maculosus Wilson 1902. Distribution: eastern half of United States and southeastern Canada as far west as Iowa and collected in northern and southern- most states. Hosts: Ictalurus natilis, I. nebulosus; Amia calva; Ambloplites rupestris; Erimyzon sucetta; Esox sp.; Umbra limi; Lepisosteus osseus*. This common argulid has so far been collected only in freshwater. Argulus megalops Smith 1873. Distribution: east coast of North America from New Brunswick, Canada, to Florida. Hosts: a wide variety of inshore marine fishes (recorded from 16 species) with no indications as to host preferences. Argulus stizostethi Kellicott 1880. Distribution: north- eastern quarter of the United States from Iowa and Minnesota east to New England and New Brunswick, Canada. Hosts: Salvelinus fontinalis; Stizostedion vitreum, S. canadense; Acipenser fulvescens; Esox masquinongy; AIoso sapidissima; Gasterosteus sp.; Notropis sp.; Coregonus sp.; Dorosoma cepedia- num*. This parasite seems to be restricted to those states near the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. All collections are from freshwater except that from Dorosoma from Woods Hole, Mass. Argulus versicolor Wilson 1902. Distribution: scattered throughout the eastern half of the United States. Recorded in Massachusetts, Maryland, Indiana, Georgia, and Texas. Hosts: Esox niger; Ambloplites sp.; and "perch." So far there are no marine records for this species, but four of the recorded states are marine coastal. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY CRESSEY. R.F. 1972. The genus Argulus (Crustacea: Branchiura) of the United States. Bioat of Freshwater Ecosystems. Environmental Protec- tion Agency, Identification Manual No. 2, 14 p. MEEHAN, O. L. 1940. A review of the parasitic Crustacea of the genus Argulus in the collections of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 88:459-522. TOKIOKA. T. 1936. Larval development and metamorphosis of Argulus japoni- cus. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. ser. B, 12:93-114. WILSON. C. B. 1903, North American parasitic copepods of the family Argulidae with ;i bibliography of the group and a systematic review of all known species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25:635-742. SYSTEMATICS INDEX Acipenser fuluescens 8 Alosa 8 pseudoharengus 8 sapidissima 8 Ambloplites rupestris 8 sp 8 Amia calva 8 Anguilla rostrata 8 Archosargus probatucephalus 8 Argulidae 1 Argulus alosae 2, 3, 4, 8 appendiculosus 3, 7, 8 catostomi 3, 6, 8 chesapeakensis 3, 5, 8 funduli 3, 4, 8 japonicus 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 laticauda 3, 5, 8 maculosus 3, 7, 8 megalops 3, 4, 5, 8 stizostethi 3, 6, 8 versicolor 3, 7, 8 Arius felis 8 Carassius auratus 8 Catostomidae 8 Catostomus catostomus 8 commersoni 8 Chonopeltis 1 Clupea 8 harengus 8 Coregonus sp 8 Cynoscion nebulosus 8 Cyprinidae 8 Cyprinodon variegatus 8 Cyprinus carpio 8 Dasyatis americana 8 Dipteropeltidae 1 Dipteropeltis 1 Dolops 1 Dorosoma 8 cepedianum 8 Erimxson sucetta 8 Esox masquinongy 8 niger 8 sp 8 Fundulus grandis 8 heteroclitis 8 majalis 8 ocellaris 8 Gasterosteus sp 8 Gobiosoma bosci 8 Hypentelium nigricans 8 Ictalurus melas 8 natalis 8 nebulosus 8 punctatus 8 Ictiobus bubalus 8 cyprinellus 8 Lagodon rhomboides 8 Lepisosteus osseus 8 Menidia notata 8 Microgadus torn cod 8 Micropterus salmoides 8 Morone chrysops 8 Mugil cephalus 8 Notemigonus crysoleucas 8 Notropis sp 8 Opsanus tau 8 Paralichthys dentatus 8 Perca flavescens 8 Prionotus sp 8 Pseudopleuronectes americanus 8 Pteroplatea maclura 8 Rachycentron canadum 8 Rhopilema verrilli 8 Salvelinus fontinalis 8 Stizostedion canadense 8 vitreum 8 Strongylura marina 8 Talaus 1 Tautogolabrus adspersus 8 Umbra limi 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Preparation of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" is being coordinated by the following Board: Coordinating Editor: Melbourne R. Carriker. College of Marine Studies, Univer- sity of Delaware. Lewes. DE 19958. Editorial Advisers: Marie B. Abbott. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Arthur G. Humes. Bostom University Marine Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Wesley N. Tiffney. Department of Biology. Boston Univer- sity. Boston. Mass. Ruth D. Turner. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- vard University. Cambridge, Mass. Roland L. Wigley, National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Center, NOAA, Woods Hole, Mass. Robert T. Wilce, Department of Botany, University of Mas- sachusetts, Amherst, Mass. The Board, which established the format for the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northwestern Unites States," invites systematists to collaborate in the preparation of manuals, reviews manuscripts, and advises the Scientific Editor of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The illustrations were done by Hillary Boyle. The manu- script was critically reviewed by Roland Wigley and Arthur Humes. The materials and records embodied in this paper are housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Washing- ton, D.C. COORDINATING EDITOR'S COMMENTS Publication of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the North- eastern L T nited States" is most timely in view of the growing uni- versal emphasis on environmental work and the urgent need for more precise and complete identification of coastal organisms than has been available. It is mandatory, whenever possible, that organisms be identified accurately to species. Accurate scientific names unlock the great quantities of biological infor- mation stored in libraries, obviate duplication of research al- ready done, and often make possible prediction of attributes of organisms that have been inadequately studied. Roger Cressey started working with parasitic copepods and branchiurans as a graduate student at Boston University in 1958. After receiving his doctoral degree in 1965, he joined the staff of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. His studies on parasitic crustaceans have resulted in over 40 publications. He has conducted field work in the Indian Ocean, Madagascar, southeastern Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico off the west coast of Florida. Preparation of this manual was supported in part by a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency to the Editorial Board of the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States." Work on the "Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States" by the Coordinating Editor is sup- ported by the College of Marine Studies, University of Dela- ware. Manuals are available for purchase from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The manuals so far published in the series are listed below: Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States: Circular COOK. DAVID G., AND RALPH 0. BRINKHURST. Annelida: Oligochaeta. BORROR. ARTHUR C. Protozoa: Ciliophora. MOUL, EDWIN T. Higher Plants of the Marine Fringe. McCLOSKEY, LAWRENCE R. Pycnogonida. MANNING, RAYMOND B. Crustacea: Stomatopoda. WILLIAMS, AUSTIN B. Crustacea: Decapoda. POLLOCK, LELAND W. Tardigrada. LARSON, RONALD J. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa. CAYALIERE, A. R. Higher Fungi: Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Basiomycetes. COULL, BRUCE C. Copepoda: Harpacticoida. CUTLER, EDWARD B. Sipuncula. PAWSON, DAVID L. Echinodermata: Holothuroidea. HO, JU-SHEY. Copepoda: Lernaeopodida. HO, JU-SHEY. Copepoda: Cyclopoids Parasitic on Fishes. ( RKSSEY, ROGER F. Crustacea: Branchiura. 374 378 384 386 387 389 394 397 398 399 403 405 406 * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978—796-751/18 REGION 10 10 388. Proceedings of the first U.S. -Japan meeting on aquaculture at Tokyo, .Japan, October 18-19, 1971. William N. Shaw (editor). (18 papers, 14 authors.) February 1974, iii + 133 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 389. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern United States. Crustacea: Decapoda. By Austin B. Williams. April 1974, iii + SO p., Ill figs. For sale bv the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,' Washington, D.C. 20402. .190. Fishery publications, calendar year 197.1: Lists and indexes. By Mary Ellen Engett and Lee C. Thorson. September 1974, iv + 14 p., 1 fig. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 391. Calanoid copepods of the genera Spinocalanus and Mimocalanus from the central Arctic Ocean, with a review of the Spinocalanidae. By David M. Damkaer. .June 1975, x + 88 p., 225 figs., 4 tables. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 20402. 392. Fishery publications, calendar year 1974: Lists and indexes. By Lee C. Thorson and Mary Ellen Engett. June 1975, iv + 27 p., 1 tig. 393, Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inventory and study — Texas: Area description. Bv Richard A. Diener. September 1975, vi + 129 p., 55 figs., 26 tables. 194. Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Tar- digrada. Bv Leland W. Pollock. Mav 1976, iii + 25 p., tigs. For sale In the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. 20402. 395. Report of a colloquium on larval fish mortality studies and their relation to fishery research, January 1975. By John R. Hunter. May 1976, iii + 5 p. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS STAFF ROOM 450 I I07N E 45TM ST SEATTLE WA 98105 ^^.f^UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES A00007201A'H0 OFFICIAL BUSINESS NOAA SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, was established as part of the Department of Commerce on October 3, 1970. The mission responsibilities of NOAA are to monitor and predict the state of the solid Earth, the oceans and their living resources, the atmosphere, and the space environment of the Earth, and to assess the socioeconomic impact of natural and technological changes in the environment. The six Major Line Components of NOAA regularly produce various types of scientific and technical infor- mation in the following kinds of publications: PROFESSIONAL PAPERS— Important definitive research results, major techniques, and special in- vestigations. TECHNICAL REPORTS— Journal quality with extensive details, mathematical developments, or data listings. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS— Reports of preliminary, partial, or negative research or tech- nology results, interim instructions, and the like. CONTRACT AND GRANT REPORTS— Reports prepared by contractors or grantees under NOAA sponsorship TECHNICAL SERVICE PUBLICATIONS— These are publications containing data, observations, instructions, etc. A partial listing: Data serials; Pre- diction and outlook periodicals; Technical manuals, training papers, planning reports, and information serials: and Miscellaneous technical publications. ATLAS — Analysed data generally presented in the form of maps showing distribution of rainfall, chemical and physical conditions of oceans and at- mosphere, distribution of fishes and marine mam- mals, ionospheric conditions, etc. Information on availability of NOAA publication! can be obtained from: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INFORMATION CENTER ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 3300 Whitehaven Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20235