c 3.aCx5/e3:uip-$5~ WP-85 Worid Population Profile: 1985 ■ ; ; . ■■ 9 1 L ill Hi HttH ■ U.S. Department of Commerce BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 1 Acknowledgments This report was prepared by Susan J. Lapham, Africa and Latin America Branch, Center for International Research, under the supervision of Barbara Boyle Torrey, Chief, Center for International Research; Sylvia D. Quick, Assistant Chief, Center for International Research; and Patricia M. Rowe, Acting Chief, Africa and Latin America Branch. Eduardo Arriaga, Special Assistant for International Demographic Methods and Arjun Adlakha, Chief, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania Branch also supervised the demographic contents of this report. The staff of the Center compiled the data and prepared the estimates; China Branch: Judith Banister; Africa and Latin America Branch: Paul R. Campbell, Peter D. Johnson, Kevin G. Kinsella, Linda S. Peterson, and John M. Reed; Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania Branch: Godfrey Baldwin, Martha A. Bargar, Frank B. Hobbs, Mary S. Malachi, Michael K. Roof, and Peter O. Way. Louisa F. Miller, State and National Estimates Branch, Population Division, provided data for the United States and its outlying areas. The assistance during the summer of 1985 of Mark Hardt and Samuel Brown in the preparation of these estimates is appreciated. Special thanks are due to Josephine M. Babbitt and Yvonne J. Gist for their help in the preparation of graphs for this report and to Deborah A. Kinnaman who edited and typed various drafts of this report. Thanks also are due to our statistical assistants John R. Gibson, Vera Harris-Bourne, Donna V. Hart-Spriggs, Eleanor M. Matthews, Dorothy L. Taylor, Claire R. Warrick; our clerks, Curtis Diggs and Evangeline Johnson; and our com- puter clerk, Iris Poe for verifying the calculations and entering data into our computerized data base. The assistance of Antwain Merriweather dur- ing the summer of 1985 in entering data into the data base is appreciated. We also are grateful to Donna Dove, Carol A. Garner, Carlene Jordan, Lucy Litz, and Janet M. Sales for typing various drafts of the report. In the Publications Services Division, under the direction of Walter C. Odom, Chief, text and tables were edited by Gail R. Farren; graphics were prepared by David Coontz, Neeland Queen, and Janet Sweeney; and final copy was composed by Gloria Davis. We are grateful to the staff of the Office of Population, Agency for Interna- tional Development, for their support throughout various stages of this report, especially Duff Gillespie, Director of the Office of Population, and Elizabeth S. Maguire, Chief of the Policy Development Division and John Crowley, Policy Development Divison. We wish to express our gratitude to the national statistical offices and other national and international organizations worldwide, without whose generous collaboration this kind of report would not be possible. In particular, we are grateful to the United Nations Population Division and Statistical Office, as well as the U.N. regional economic commissions (ECA, ESCAP and EC- WA), and the Latin American Demographic Center (CELADE) for their cooperation. Numerous individual researchers, both at home and abroad, have also provided considerable assistance in alerting us to data sources and commenting on the estimates. This report was prepared under a Resources Support Services Agreement with the Bureau for Science and Technology, U.S. Agency for International Development. lperintendent of Documents, U.S, Government Printing Offic Washington, DC. 20402 WP-85 World /^^\ Population * 4 # \ Profile: v» *l 2: % & il 1985 £■ ^ "I I ::":,'; ;1 r / u.' Issued October 1986 /V\ U.S. Department of Commerce Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary Clarence J. Brown, Deputy Secretary Robert Ortner, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs BUREAU OF THE CENSUS John G. Keane, Director BUREAU OF THE CENSUS John B. Keane, Director C. L. Kincannon, Deputy Director Robert O. Bartram, Assistant Director for International Programs For sale by Superintendent ot Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402. Postage sample not acceptable; currency submitted at sender's risk. Remittances from foreign countries must be by international money order or by a draft on a U.S. bank. Library of Congress Card No. 86-600584 ■J-*",- Contents Page ^CQtLEg^ v Introduction I World Population Trends 1 Figure 1. Midyear Population, by Level of Development: 1950 to 2000 1 Figure 2. Absolute Population Increase and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Level of Development: 1950 to 2000 2 Figure 3. Average Annual Rates of Growth for the World, by Country and Region: 1985-86 4 Figure 4. Absolute Population Increase and Average Annual Rates of Growth, for Developing Countries and Developing Countries Excluding China: 1950 to 2000 5 Regional Population Trends 5 Figure 5. Absolute Population Change for 50 Largest Countries: 1975 to 1985 6 Figure 6. Population of the World, by Region: 1950, 1985, and 2000 7 Figure 7. Birth and Death Rates for the World, by Country: 1985 9 Fertility 9 Figure 8. Percent of Births, by Region: 1970 and 1985 10 Figure 9. Average Number of Children Born to Women, for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 II Figure 10. Fertility Rates, by Age, for Selected Countries: 1985 Use of Contraception Trends in Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years Contraceptive Prevalence for Selected Countries and Years Fertility and Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years Literacy and Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years 16 Literacy 16 Figure 15. Percent Literate, by Sex, for Selected Countries and Years 17 Infant Mortality 17 Figure 16. Infant Mortality Rates, by Region: 1985 19 Figure 17. Infant Mortality Rates for the World, by Country: 1985 19 Figure 18. Trends in Infant Mortality and Birth Rates, for Selected Regions: 1950 to 1985 21 Urbanization and Density 21 Figure 19. Percent Urban for Selected Countries and Years 22 Figure 20. Cities With 2 Million or More Population: 1950, 1985, and 2000 23 Figure 21. Density of Selected Countries: 1985 24 Figure 22. Population of the 10 Largest Cities in the World: 1985 and 2000 25 Aging 25 Figure 23 Percent of Population Over Age 65 Years, for Selected Countries: 1985, 2005, and 2025 13 13 Figure 11, 14 Figure 12 15 Figure 13. 15 Figure 14 Tables Page 27 Table 1. World Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Region and Level of Development: 1950 to 2000 28 Table 2. Absolute Population Change and Absolute Change in Growth Rate for the 50 Largest Countries, in Rank Order: Between 1975 and 1985 29 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1985 34 Table 4 Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000 44 Table 5. Percent of Married Women Ages 15 to 44 Years Currently Using Contraception, by Country: Selected Years Since 1963 47 Table 6. Average Number of Children Born to Women (Total Fertility Rate) for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 48 Table 7. Fertility Rates, by Age, for Selected Countries: 1985 49 Table 8. Infant Mortality Rates, for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 50 Table 9. Literacy and Contraceptive Use, for Selected Countries: Latest Available Year 50 Table 10. Percent Literate Age 10 Years Old and Over, by Sex, for Selected Countries and Years 50 Table 11. Percent Urban for Selected Countries and Years 51 Table 12. Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth for Cities With 2 Million or More Population in 1985 Rank Order: 1985 to 2000 52 Table 13 Percent of Total Population Over Age 65 Years, for Selected Countries: 1985, 2005, and 2025 IV Introduction The population profile of the world has changed substantially in the last 35 years. The world's population has almost doubled; our annual growth rate surged from 1950 to 1964 and now has returned almost to the rate in 1950. There is, however, an enormous inertia in population dynamics. Although our population growth rate has slowed markedly in recent years, more people are expected to be added to the world's population every year through the end of this century. Our future fertility rates will be the major determinant of how large these annual increments to our world will be. Increasing numbers of us are living in urban areas today than in the past. The continued urbanization of the world will challenge our national plan- ners to provide urban services to almost 50 percent of the world's popula- tion in the year 2000. But, our urbanization will also make it easier to distribute public goods, such as health and education, more broadly. We will also continue to live longer than any of our ancestors, including our parents. Our mortality rates are plummeting; our life expectancy in- creasing; and our societies aging. Our longer life expectancies may cause new demands for services, but our longevity is one of the major ac- complishments of the twentieth century. This report presents summary demographic data for 205 countries and ter- ritories of the world with a population of at least 5,000 in 1985; and estimates and projections for the world and its regions. Of the 205 coun- tries and territories, 160 are classified as developing and 45 as developed. These data are presented for use by U.S. and foreign government agen- cies, foreign missions, private organizations, businesses, universities, re- searchers, students, and others with a requirement for a consistent body of recent international population statistics. The staff of the Center for International Research has collected the most recent official and unofficial data for the 205 countries of the world. The primary sources of the statistical data analyzed in this report are cenuses, surveys, and vital registration systems. Population registers, various types of administrative systems, and official estimates also provide some of the data used in deriving the estimates and projections. Most of these estimates and projections are maintained on a computerized system, the International Data Base (IDB), created by the Center for International Research. There are vast differences in both the quantity and the quality of statistics reported by the various countries. Furthermore, in spite of international recommendations, such as those provided by the United Nations, for the standardization of concepts and definitions pertaining to data collected in censuses and surveys, there are still wide discrepancies in data collection practices because of legitimate differences of what is appropriate in the varying cultural contexts. As a result, any attempt to compile standard data across countries requires consideration about whether and how the reported data should be analyzed, so as to achieve comparability Introduction- Continued The demographic data in this report are based on statistics as reported by the country, as adjusted by other researchers, or as derived by the Cen- sus Bureau staffs applying various indirect demographic techniques to in- complete data. All data have been evaluated by the Census Bureau analysts and have been judged to be as representative as possible of the true situation. These data are internally consistent for a given country and are consistent with other facts that are known about the country. These data have also been checked for external consistency They have been compared to data for other countries in the same region or subregion, and to those elsewhere at approximately the same level of economic and social development. In general, information for this publication was obtained from materials available as of August 1985. This report replaces those previously issued in this publication series and it should not be used in conjunction with the earlier reports to derive time series of vital rates or other measures presented. The information in this publication represents only a fraction of the informa- tion that is available at the Center for International Research. Published documents for most of the countries are available at the Bureau of the Census library and many unpublished documents and computer printouts are included in the data files of the Center for International Research. In addition, the Center staff maintains a regular correspondence with many other persons doing international demographic research, both in this coun- try and abroad. Access to these data, as well as to the detailed notes describing the derivation of any of the estimates published in this volume, is available by addressing specific questions to the Chief, Center for Inter- national Research, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. 20233. Com- ments on the estimates are invited. World Population Trends 1985 Total population 4,865,141,968 Births 128,976,810 Deaths 50,658,994 Absolute population increase 78,317,816 Growth rate (percent) 1.6 World's Population of 4.9 Billion in 1985 Figure 1. Almost Double Its Midyear Population, by Level of Development: Population in 1950 1950 to 2000 In 1950, the world's population Population (billions) was 2.6 billion and growing at an 7 annual rate of 1.5 percent. The annual rate accelerated until 1964 6 and then began to slow. In 1985, the world's population grew at 5 almost the same rate as in 1950, but the number ot people who were added to the world in 1985 3 - _ - *—> - "" - "^ Developing Countries was 79 million compared to 38 million in 1950. By Year 2000, World's Population 2 1 Developed Countries Expected To Be 27 Percent Greater I i I i i i i i 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The world's population is ex- Sc jurce: T L.I < Year Table 1. pected to be 6.2 billion by the year 2000, despite an expected decrease in the growth rate. Approximately four persons were born each second in 1985; this is expected to increase slightly to four and one-half births per second by the year 2000. Fertility and Mortality Rates Declining World Over Both fertility and mortality rates will be lower in 2000 than they are today; but the world's population will still be growing. The world's population will be better educated, more urbanized, and older than we are today. World trends, however, obscure the dramatic differences in population trends of developed and developing countries. Figure 2. Absolute Population Increase and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Level off Development: 1950 to 2000 Absolute increase (millions) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Growth rate (percent) Developing Countries Growth rate 50-55 Source: Table 1. 3.0 2.5 2.0 60-65 90-95 Sub-Saharan Africa Growth rate (percent) Near East and North Africa Asia (excluding China) Growth rate (percent) Growth rate (percent) 50-55 60-65 70-75 Figure 3. Average Annual Rates of Growth for the World, by Country and Region: 1985-86 Ten People Added to Developing Countries for Each Person Added to Developed Countries In the developed countries, the number of people added to the population annually has declined since 1960, while in the developing countries, annual population change has generally increased. Seventy-six percent of the world's population lives in developing countries. A total of 828 million people are expected to be added to develop- ing countries between 1990 and 2000 (more than the population of India), while only 60 million will be added to developed countries. Developing countries will still be growing at a rate more than three times that of developed countries at the end of the 20th century. China Growth rate (percent) Latin America Growth rate (percent) N. America, Europe, and Soviet Union Growth rate (percent) 50-55 60-65 70-75 80-85 90-95 50-55 60-65 70-75 80-85 90-95 50-55 60-65 70-75 80-85 90-95 Growth Rate in China Lower Than Other Developing Countries Because China's population is such a large proportion of the total population in developing countries, its rate of growth tends to influence the trends for these countries. The average annual growth rate for developing countries increases con- siderably (from 1.9 to 2.4 percent) when China, with its relatively low growth rate (0.8 percent), is exclud- ed from developing country trends. Almost Half of World's Population Live in Four Countries Today, the four most populated countries are China, India, the Soviet Union, and the United States. By the year 2035, Nigeria may sur- pass the population of both the United States and the Soviet Union to become the third largest country in the world. Almost three-fourths of the world's population live in the 20 largest countries. Of these 20 coun- tries, 13 are in the developing world and all of them, except China, have annual growth rates double those of the developed countries. However, eight of these developing countries have population growth rates today that are lower than they were 10 years ago. Figure 4. Absolute Population Increase and Average Annual Rates of Growth, for Developing Countries and Developing Countries Excluding China: 1950 to 2000 Absolute increase (millions) 500 p I 1 1 1 1 Developing Countries _ Including China Growth rate (percent) Developing Countries Including China Developing Countries Excluding China 1950 1955 1960 1965 I 970 I 975 1980 1985 1990- 1995 Regional Population Ik-ends Population, Growth 1985 rate, 1985 (millions) (percent) Sub-Saharan Africa 438 3.0 Near East & N. Africa 301 2.7 Asia 2,658 1.5 Latin America .410 2.3 North America 264 0.9 Europe/Soviet Union 769 0.5 Oceania 24 1.2 Sub-Saharan Africa's Growth Rate of 3.0 Percent Twice Growth Rate of Rest of World Since the late 1970s, Sub- Saharan Africa has generally had the highest population growth rate of any region in the world. It is estimated to have increased steadily from 21 percent annually in the 1950-60 period to 3.0 percent in the 1985-86 period. The Sub-Saharan African share of world population will increase from 9 percent in 1985 to an expected 11 percent by the year 2000. Growth rates of 3.0 per- cent or more mean that the popula- tion doubles every 23 years. This is likely to happen in countries such as Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Sub-Saharan Africa's birth rate of 46 per 1,000 population is the highest in the world and 51 percent higher than the average for developing countries as a whole. Sub-Saharan Africa also has the highest death rate of any region in the world. Sub-Saharan African countries are small to moderate in population size. Nigeria, with an estimated 103 million people, is the only Sub- Saharan African country among the world's 35 most populated nations. Nigeria's population is expected to double by 2009, triple by 2024, and Figure 5. Absolute Population Change for 50 Largest Countries: 1975 to 1985 Tanzania I 6 Si b- |26 - Saharan Africa Ethiopia 7 7 7 7 South Africa Kenya Zaire Nigeria Afghanistan Iraq Morocco Algeria \ 1? 12 Near East and North Africa Turkey 11 Iran Australia Sri Lanka China, Taiwan ~|2 3 3 Asia Korea. DPR Ni'pal Korea, Rep Burma ] 6 ~ J 7 12 I" Japan 9 Thailand Philippines Vietnam Pakistan | 24 Bangladesh I 25 Indonesia I 36 China. Mainland // 1120 India // 1- Germany, FR United Kingdom German DR -1[ Europe, North America, and Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Italy France Spain Poland Canada United States Soviet Union Source: Table 2 II I//I I I -20-10 10 20 30 40 150 Population change (millions) quadruple by 2035, adding a total of 312 million people to the world's population in 50 years. Near East and North Africa's Growth Rates Second Highest Among Developing Regions Growth rates in the Near East and North Africa have been only slightly lower than those of Sub- Saharan Africa since the late 1970s, making it the second fastest grow- ing region. In 1985, this region had an estimated population of 301 million, approximately 8 percent of the developing world. By 2000, the population is expected to be 443 million, increasing slightly its share of the developing world. Birth rates in the Near East and North Africa parallel those of Sub- Saharan Africa, although they are slightly lower. This region's birth rate of 40 per 1,000 population is the second highest in the world and 33 percent higher than average for developing countries as a whole. Death rates (12 per 1,000 popula- tion for the region in 1985) are significantly lower than in Sub- Saharan Africa, and in fact, are similar to those in many developed countries. Eight countries in the Near East and North Africa (31 percent of all the countries in the region) are among the world's 50 largest coun- tries. Egypt, Iran, and Turkey are ranked among the top 25 most populated countries. One of Every Two People Live in Asia In 1985, Asia had an estimated total population of 2.7 billion, a figure larger than the entire world population in 1950. Today, Asia's people constitute nearly 55 percent of the world population and 69 per- cent of those living in developing countries. Six of the world's ten most populous countries are in Asia, including the largest two, China and India. The birth rate in Asia (25 per 1,000 population) is below the world average. The death rate is average compared with the rest of the world. The population growth rate in Asia is the lowest among the developing regions (except for Oceania); it has declined from a rate of 2.2 percent in 1960-70 to about 1.7 percent in 1980-85. In spite of its moderate population growth rate, more than half of the world's annual population increase takes place in Asia. Much of the recent reduction in the Asian population growth rate is due to the decline in China. China's growth rate fell dramatically from a peak of 2.7 percent in 1965-70 to an average of only 0.8 percent Figure 6. Population of the World, by Region: 1950, 1985, and 2000 1950 Asia Europe & Soviet Union Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America Near East & North Africa North America Oceania Source: Table 1 Figure 7. Birth and Death Rates for the World, by Country: 1985 Source: Table 3 during 1985. Nevertheless, because of the large population base of approximately 1 billion people, one in six of the world's births still occur in China. Growth rates in other Asian countries also have been declining, and the decline is expected to con- tinue at an accelerating rate. Latin America's Growth Rate Almost Four Times That of Developed World but Steadily Dropping Latin America's annual growth rate was 50 percent higher than Asia's in 1985 Between 1950 and 1970, its population grew faster than that of any other region. However, since 1950 Latin America's share of the world population increased only slightly. The growth rate of 2.7 per- cent in 1950-60 remained stable until around 1970 and then drop- ped to an estimated 2.3 percent during 1975-80 By the year 2000, the population growth rate should be considerably lower than it is to- day if present trends continue. Latin America's birth rate is almost the same as the average for developing countries as a whole, while the region's death rate is among the lowest in the world. The disparity of birth rates within Latin America is greater than in any other region of the world. Many Carib- bean countries have birth rates ap- proaching the level in developed countries, while countries in Central and South America are at a much higher level (closer to those in Asia). The rate of population growth in Latin America remains above the average for all developing countries and substantially above the world rate of 1.6 percent in 1985. Only 21 Percent of World Population Live in North America, Europe, and Soviet Union, and Percentage Will Continue to Decline The lowest rates of population growth between 1950 and 1985 oc- curred in the developed regions of North America, Europe, and the Soviet Union. Characterized by low fertility and low mortality, this com- bined area's growth rate has decreased from 1.2 percent in 1950 to 0.6 percent in 1985. Its share of the world population declined from about one-third in 1950 to one-fifth in 1985 Population Decreasing in Some Developed Countries There are several European countries whose population is decreasing. These countries include the Federal Republic of Germany, Denmark, Austria, and Hungary. If current fertility trends continue, other European countries also may ex- perience a decline in population during the first half of the next century. Fertility Birth rate per 1,000 population 1985 Sub-Saharan Africa 46 Near East and N. Africa 40 Asia 25 Latin America 31 North America 16 Europe/Soviet Union 15 Oceania 21 World's Birth Rate Decreased by 20 Percent Since 1970 Birth rates in Asia have dropped more than in all other regions in the world since 1970. Rates vary from 15 per 1,000 population in Europe and the Soviet Union to 46 per 1,000 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Birth rates declined in developing countries almost twice as fast as in developed countries. China alone, with one-fourth of the world's population, was responsible for a third or more of the decrease in fer- tility in developing areas. Chinese fertility fell sharply between 1950 and 1980. Declines in Fertility Evident in Developing World Since 1970 Fertility is declining in many Asian countries, but levels vary con- siderably among countries. Long- term declines have brought the birth rate down in the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and In- donesia. More recently, fertility also began to fall in India, but it remains at high levels on the rest of the In- dian subcontinent. In Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, fertility has declined only slightly or not at all, and total fertility in these countries sti'l averages six or seven children per woman. The trend in Latin America is determined primarily by trends in South America, whose 13 countries Figure 8. Percent of Births, by Region: 1970 and 1985 Asia (excluding China) 44.9% North America, 1970 Europe, Soviet Union and Oceania ^\ 13.4% ■V Africa \ 13.9% — 1_ Latin ^^^ A America ^^^^ 8.8% ^^^m China V 19% 1985 ^v Europe, Soviet Union :^v and Oceania \ 12.8% \_ Africa .^^^ j 19.5% -j^^B— Latin ^^fl ^m America ^F 9-9% China Asia Source: T I able 3 and J.S. Bureau of the Census, unpubli (excluding China) 45.2% shed tables. 10 constitute about 60 percent of the total population in Latin America. Significant fertility declines in Brazil and Colombia contributed heavily to a decrease in the rate of population growth in the region. Fertility also declined in Venezuela and Peru. In most countries, family planning practices are supported by govern- ment policies, with programs in various stages of implementation. Overall, fertility levels in this region are moderate to low compared with other developing regions. In contrast to many developing countries in other regions, most Sub-Saharan African countries have not experienced declines in fertility. Fertility levels in Sub-Saharan Africa are the highest in the world, with total fertility rates averaging over six children per woman during the past 30 years. In the early 1980s, women had an average of eight children in Kenya and seven in Senegal; however, these high rates are expected to decline in the near future. On the average, fertility rates in the Near East and North Africa are lower than in Sub-Saharan Africa, although Yemen (Sanaa) has rates approaching those in Kenya. Turkey and Egypt both have had declines in fertility since 1975. Fertility levels in this region range from five Figure 9. Average Number of Children Born to Women, for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 Sub-Saharan Africa Children born per woman Ghana Kenya Liberia Nigeria L Near East & North Africa Children born per woman 1 990 1995 Asia Children born per woman 1970 ^— ■- Bangladesh ^^— Indonesia Pakistan Phillipines Latin America Children born per woman 8 7 h 1980 1970 1975 1 980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Source: Table 6 11 children per woman in Morocco and Tunisia to eight children per woman in Yemen (Sanaa). Average Number of Children a Woman Has Ranges from 1.9 in United States to 8 in Kenya In the early 1800's, White women in the United States had an average of seven children during their lifetime. The number has decreased steadily since then (ex- cept for the "baby boom" period) to an average of 1.9 children per woman. Women in a number of Sub-Saharan African countries have the same number of children that U.S. women used to have (in Kenya, women have eight children). However, women in some Sub- Saharan African countries have just begun to reduce their average number of children. Most women in other developing regions already have considerably fewer children than do the women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Reduction in the total number of children per woman began in the 1970s and is expected to continue over the next few decades. Figure 10. Fertility Rates, by Age, for Selected Countries: 1985 Sub-Saharan Africa Births per 1,000 women 400 Near East & North Africa Births per 1,000 women 100 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Age of mother 40-44 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Age of mother 40-44 Asia Births per 1,000 women 400 India . Indonesia 300 ^^^^ Pakistan ^^^ Phillipines ^V U.S.A. 200 100 / I I . — I J l^***^ 400 300 200 Latin America Births per 1,000 women Brazil ^^— 'Colombia - Honduras ^^™ Mexico U.S.A. I I I ,;;, I^^B <20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 Age of mother Source: Table 7. 45- < 20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 Age of mother 12 Fertility Falls Below Level of Replacement in Some Developed Countries During the mid-1970's, fertility began to fall below the level of replacement in some developed countries, and in many countries has remained there. Canada, the United States, and Germany (East and West) have fertility rates under 2.0 births per woman. However, ac- tual population size did not begin to decrease until recently in some of these countries, because most countries of the world experienced an increase in their fertility rate after World War II. As a result, there was a large number of women of childbearing age in the 1970s. Even with low fertility per woman, the actual number of births per year continued to outnumber deaths. Fertility Varies Considerably by Age of Mother in Different Regions of World Most births throughout the world occur to women in their 20's. Relatively high fertility rates are also found in the 30 to 34 age group in developing countries; and over time, the largest declines in fertility tend to occur to women in the 30 to 34 age group. 13 Use of Contraception Percent of women using contraception Egypt, 1984 32 Nigeria, 1981 6 Indonesia, 1980 27 India, 1984 26 Bangladesh, 1983 19 Mexico, 1982 48 Colombia, 1984 55 Thailand, 1984 65 United States, 1982 68 About 45 Percent of Married Women in World Practice Contraception In the early 1980's, married women between 15 and 49 years of age practicing contraception were estimated to be 38 percent for developing countries and 68 percent for developed countries. Estimates of contraceptive pre- valence range from approximately 50 percent to over 90 percent in developed countries and from less than 1 percent to over 70 percent in developing countries. Contraceptive Use Doubled in Many Countries Since 1970 Data for countries that have had two or more surveys suggest that contraceptive use has increased in every region over time. Developing countries with particularly rapid increases in contraceptive use include Ecuador and Mexico in Latin America, Indonesia and Thailand in Asia, Botswana and Zimbabwe in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Morocco and Turkey in the Near East and North Africa. Increased contraceptive use means that couples throughout the world will be more likely to have the number of children they want. Con- traceptive use allows couples to space their children, which could lead to a decrease in family size and an increase in family welfare. Figure 11. Trends in Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years Sub-Saharan Africa Percent women using contraceptive 00 Botswana 80 ^^ Ghana ^^ Kenya — - Zimbabwe 60 ■ 40 ' 20 A iiiii rr^ i i — i — i— i i 1970 1975 1980 1985 Near East and North Africa Percent women using contraceptive 100 60 Egypt Jordan Morocco Turkey 1970 1975 1< Source: Table 5. 1985 Asia Percent women using contraceptive 00 — Bangladesh 80 — India Indonisia ^— Pakistan 60 - 40 ■ 20 .^^~j=r II i i i i i i 1970 1975 1985 Latin America Percent women using contraceptive 100 1970 1975 14 Contraceptive Prevalence Varies Widely Among Developing Countries In Sub-Saharan Africa, very few women practice contraception. Only four countries are reported to have prevalence rates exceeding 25 per- cent of married women (Botswana, Mauritius, South Africa, and Zim- babwe). Most other countries have less than 10 percent of married women practicing contraception. In the Near East and North Africa, prevalence rates are generally higher than in Sub- Saharan Africa, but lower than in Asia or Latin America. Almost one- fourth of the countries in the Near East and North Africa are reported to have rates exceeding 25 percent of married women. Asia has the largest number of women practicing contraception in the developing regions. Almost one- half of Asia's countries have reported prevalence rates of 25 per- cent or more. Asian countries have the widest range of prevalence rates of any region. Seventy percent or more of married women in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan were practicing contraception in the early 1980s, while less than 10 percent were practicing in Nepal and Pakistan. Contraceptive prevalence in Latin America is lower than that in East Asia (China, Korea, and Hong Zimbabwe 1984 Kenya 1984 Nigeria 1981 Mauritania 1981 Tunisia 1983 Egypt 1984 Jordan 1983 Morocco 1983 Thailand 1984 Philippines 1983 Indonesia 1980 India 1984 Bangladesh 1983 Pakistan 1980 Figure 12. Contraceptive Prevalence for Selected Countries and Years Sub-Saharan Near East and North Africa Latin America Source: Table 5. 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percent currently using contraception 15 Figure 13. Fertility and Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years 70 Percent using contraception 60 -Colombia\Mexico 1982 1 984 \s" 40 30 20 Philippines 1983 ■ ^\ Indonesia 1980 I India 1984 Egypt 1984 \ u Honduras 1981 v s s ^ ■ ^v. ■ Bangladesh 1983 10 I I I I ^\. Pakistan 1980 Nigeria 1981 "\" I I I ^k I 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 Total fertility rate 7.0 Source: Tables 5 and 7; and U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished tables. Figure 14. Literacy and Contraceptive Use for Selected Countries and Years Percent using contraception 60 Mexico // 50 1982 y£ yS Colombia 1980 40 ./Zimbabwe B 30 ■ Egypt 1984 y/ 1984 Indonesia Philippines 1983 20 Pakistan yS 1980 10 n 1980 .^ ■/"■ Nigeria 1981 r i i i I I I I I 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Female literacy (percent) 80 Source: Table 9. Note: The percent literate for women refers to women ages 15 to 44 years of age as reported in the latest survey or census. Kong), but is higher than in other developing regions. Over half of the countries in Latin America report prevalence rates exceeding 25 percent of married women; many countries have rates over 50 percent. Contraception Lowers Fertility Women who practice contracep- tion tend to have fewer children during their lifetime than those who do not. Women in Liberia and Nigeria have very low levels of con- traceptive use and very high fertility rates. Women in Mexico, Indonesia, and Colombia have very high prevalence rates and relatively low fertility rates. Literacy Associated With Contraception Women who are well educated tend to practice contraception more and have fewer children than women who have little or no educa- tion. Women who have more education also tend to have healthier babies and therefore lower infant mortality rates. Hence, educa- tion of women is very important in determining future fertility trends. 16 Literacy Percent literate Male Female Burundi, 1979 35 16 Ethiopia, 1981 25 7 Tunisia, 1980 66 39 Morocco, 1982 49 22 Brazil, 1980 69 67 Mexico, 1980 86 79 India, 1981 53 28 Pakistan. 1981 35 16 Literacy Rate of Women Significantly Less Than That of Men in Most Developing Countries In Sub-Saharan Africa, as in much of the developing world, women, especially rural women, have scant opportunity to learn to read and write Literacy rates re- main below those of other regions with generally less than 20 percent of women and less than 75 percent of men being able to read or write. Many countries in the Near East and North Africa have literacy rates for men comparable to those in East Asia, although there is much variability among countries. Literacy rates for women in the Near East and North Africa generally are at a lower level than those for women in East Asia. In Jordan, half of the women and three-fourths of the men are able to read and write, whereas in Morocco, less than one- fourth of the women and only half of the men are literate The classic pattern of literacy in developing countries is seen again in Asia, that is, female literacy rates lower than male literacy rates, although actual levels are higher than in Sub-Saharan Africa. Even so, literacy rates in Asia are highly variable, with the Philippines having rates for men and women of 83 ferences are small in most Latin American countries. Latin American women rank among those women with the highest literacy rates in developing regions. More than two- thirds of both men and women are literate. percent and Pakistan having rates of 35 percent for men and only 16 percent for women. Literacy rates are high throughout Latin America. Although women generally have lower levels of literacy than men, gender dif- Figure 15. Percent Literate, by Sex, for Selected Countries and Years Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia 1981 ■■ J ■ Male ito> _ Female South Africa 1980 Burundi 1979 Mozambique 1980 Near East & N. Africa Jordan 1979 Tunisia 1980 Kuwait 1980 Morocco 1982 Asia India 1981 Pakistan 1981 Sri Lanka 1981 Philippines 1980 Latin America Argentina 1980 Brazil 1980 Mexico 1980 Peru 1981 Source: Table 10 40 60 Percent literate 100 17 Infant Mortality Infant deaths per 1,000 live births, 1985 Sub-Saharan Africa 123 Near East and N. Africa 100 Asia 83 Latin America 57 North America 10 Europe/Soviet Union 21 Oceania 35 Infant Mortality Rates Decreased Faster Than Birth Rates Since 1970 Decreases in mortality rates, especially infant mortality, have generally occurred faster than have decreases in birth rates over the past 20 years. Most developing regions have experienced almost a 25 percent decline in infant mortality rates since 1970 and developed regions almost twice that rate. Many developing countries established family planning pro- grams to encourage a reduction in fertility. These programs, along with maternal and child health programs, have contributed to declines in in- fant mortality, as well as in fertility. Over 12 Percent of Babies Born in Sub- Saharan Africa Die Before Age 1 Year Infant mortality levels in Sub- Saharan Africa are exceptionally high and are likely to remain high for the next 15 years. Infant mortality rates for most Sub-Saharan African countries are still over 100 deaths per 1,000 live births, and 10 countries have rates exceeding 150 deaths per 1,000 live births. Sub- Saharan African countries averaged 123 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1985. A recent emphasis on the im- provement of maternal and child Figure 16. Infant Mortality Rates, by Region: 1985 Saharan Africa 1 100 Near East and 1 North Africa 1 83 Asia | 57 Latin America 1 123 Oceania Europe, Soviet Union, and North America Source: Table 3. 25 50 75 100 Infant deaths per 1000 live births 125 18 health will likely lead to a decline in infant mortality. High infant and child mortality rates often contribute to high fertility rates, because mothers know that some of their children may die. Ten Percent of Babies Born in Near East and North Africa Die Before Age 1 Year Infant mortality levels in the Near East and North Africa are also relatively high, averaging 100 deaths per 1,000 live births. Afghanistan has, by far, the highest infant mortality rate (182 per 1,000 live births), and Egypt, Iran, Sudan, Oman, and the Yemens have higher than average rates for this region. On the other hand, many countries have had quite suc- cessful maternal and child health programs and have reduced infant mortality rates dramatically since 1970 Tunisia's current infant mortality rate is 53 deaths per 1,000 live births. Infant Mortality Rates Declined Significantly in Asia Since 1970 Aside from the Indian sub- continent, most of the countries in Asia have infant mortality rates well below 75 per 1,000 live births; and six countries (Brunei, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, China, and Singapore) have levels comparable to those in Japan and other developed countries. Indonesia and India have similar patterns of infant mortality. These two countries had relatively high rates of infant mortality until the mid-1970s, when mortality began to decline. Pakistan's rate of infant mortality has declined at a much slower rate and is expected to remain above 100 deaths per 1,000 live births beyond the turn of the century. Infant Mortality Rates in Latin America Lowest in Developing World The infant mortality rate in Latin America dropped significantly be- tween 1970 and 1985. Most of the decline has occurred since the late 1970s. Even those countries with higher rates tend to be moderate by developing world standards. Only two countries in the region, Bolivia and Haiti, have an infant mortality rate of more than Figure 17. Infant Mortality Rates for the World, by Country: 1985 100. Brazil and Colombia had rates between 75 and 100 in the early 1970s; they have since declined to 64 and 62, respectively, probably because of early efforts in im- plementing maternal and child health programs. Infant mortality in these two countries is expected to decline to less than 50 deaths per 1.000 live births by the year 2000. Source: Table 3 Figure 18. TV-ends in Infant Mortality and Birth Rates, for Selected Regions: 1950 to 1985 19 Index number (1950-55 = 100) ndex number (1950-55= 100) 50-55 60-65 70-75 80-85 90-95 50-55 60-65 70-75 80-85 90-95 70-75 80-85 90-95 Source: Table 3 and U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished tables. Note: Cambodia has no data available 20 Infant Mortality Rates Lowest in North America and Europe North America and Europe have very low infant mortality rates of 10 and 13 per 1,000 live births, respec- tively. The Soviet Union has a higher infant mortality rate of 31 per 1,000 live births. Infant mortality rates are continuing to decline in these countries as prenatal and perinatal care become more widespread. 21 Urbanization and Density Rank Population of five largest cities (thousands) 1 Tokyo-Yokahama 25,434 2 Mexico City 16,901 3 Sao Paulo 14,911 4 New York 14,598 5 Seoul 13,665 World's Population Urbanizing at Rapid Rate Until recently, the world had been urbanizing slowly. In 1950, 29 per- cent of the total world population lived in urban areas; by 1985, that figure rose to 42 percent. By the year 2000, nearly half of the world's population is expected to live in urban areas: 40 percent in develop- ing countries and 78 percent in developed countries 1 . Africa Has Fastest Urbanization in World Substantial differences exist in the rates of urbanization within develop- ing countries. In 1950, Africa was about 15 percent urban, one of the least urbanized regions of the world. By 1985, it had increased to more than 30 percent urban. Over 40 percent of the population is ex- pected to live in urban areas by the year 2000 Twenty-eight Percent of Asian People Live in Urban Areas In 1950, East Asia had an urban population of only 18 percent, but urbanization rose steadily and now the region is over 25 percent urban. Because China accounts for a majority of the total population of 1 United Nations, 1985, Estimates and Projections of Urban, Rural and City Populations, 1950-2025: The 1982 Assessment, New York, East Asia, its proportions are similar to those of the region as a whole. China was about 12 percent urban in 1950 and was 33 percent urban in 1985. Urbanization in South Asia increased from 16 percent urban in 1950 to 28 percent urban in 1985. The Near East and North Africa have over 55 percent of their population living in urban areas. Figure 19. Percent Urban for Selected Countries and Years Nigeria 1985 Zimbabwe 1982 Botswana 1981 Mozambique 1980 Ethiopia 1984 Jordan 1979 Tunisia 1984 Syria 1981 Morocco 1982 Sudan 1983 Philippines 1980 Pakistan 1981 India 1981 Indonesia 1980 Bangladesh 1981 Sub-Saharan Africa Near East 47 and N. Africa Asia Argentina 1980 1 | 83 Brazil 1980 j 68 66 65 1 Mexico 1980 I Latin America Peru 1981 1 Honduras 1983 1 40 1 1 till 1 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Percent urban Source: Table 11. 22 Figure 20. Cities With 2 Million or More Population: 1950, 1985, and 2000 1950 Source: Table 12 and U.S. Bureau of the Census, unpublished tables. 23 Almost 70 Percent of Latin America Urbanized Latin America was 41 percent ur- ban in 1950, the highest proportion among developing regions; this in- creased to almost 70 percent in 1985. Urbanization is likely to con- tinue in Latin America, and about 75 percent of the population will live in urban areas by the year 2000. Bangladesh One of Most Densely Populated Countries in World Asia is the most densely populated region of the world. Bangladesh, with a density of 1,824 persons per square mile, is the most densely populated country in the world, except for seven small countries (less than 525,000 popula- tion) and two city states (Hong Kong and Singapore). The Republic of Korea also has a density of over 1,000 persons per square mile. Europe is the second most densely populated region. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East and North Africa, and Latin America all have a density level less than one-fourth that of Europe. Nigeria (250 per- sons per square mile) is the only large country in these regions ap- proaching the density level of Europe. Number of Cities With Over 2 Million People Will Double in Next 15 Years Huge metropolitan cities are a re- cent phenomenon. The first modern city to reach 2 million was London between 1830 and 1840 At the turn of the century, there were only four cities in the world with more than 2 million people. In 1985, there were 85 cities with populations over 2 million. By the year 2000, there will be an additional 85 cities with populations over 2 million. The cities with the fastest growth rates at the present time are Lagos, Tehran, Bangalore, and Kinshasa with growth rates between 4.0 and 5.0 percent. In recent years, Mexico City's population grew by about 569,000 per year (3.7 percent), and Sao Paulo and Jakarta each have been growing by more than 3.5 percent annually during the past 5 years. In contrast, Tokyo's annual in- crease has been about 1.3 percent. Ten Percent of World's Population Live in Cities With More Than 2 Million People If all the people who live in cities of 2 million or more were put together, they would constitute a population twice that of the United States. The largest city is Tokyo- Yokohama in Japan, with more than 25 million people in 1985, the same Figure 21. Density of Selected Countries: 1985 Brazil I 43 United States I 66 Colombia I 67 Kenya M 90 Mexico I 105 t C C c d Egypt I 127 China 1 | 280 288 Nigeria 1 India I 606 Japan 1 840 Bangladesh 1,824 500 1000 1500 Persons per square mile Source: Table 3. 2000 24 as Canada's entire population. Mex- ico City has a population of almost 17 million (almost the same number of people live in all of Venezuela). Third and fourth are Sao Paulo and New York with 14.9 and 14.6 million people, respectively. Seoul and Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto have 14 million people each. Tokyo-Yokohama Urban Area Largest in World; Mexico City Will Become Largest by 2005 For two decades, from 1950 to 1970, New York ranked first in population size in the world. By 1975 it was overtaken by Tokyo- Yokohama. Based on expected growth rates, Mexico City will pass Tokyo-Yokohama just beyond the turn of the century to become the largest city in the world. The United States and Canada have 13 of the 85 largest cities, which are home to 23 percent of their combined populations. Among other developed countries, Melbourne and Sydney contain 40 percent of Australia's population; and London, Manchester, and Birm- ingham contain 28 percent of the United Kingdom's population. Among developing countries, the region that has the highest propor- tion of persons living in large cities is Latin America. Buenos Aires, Caracas, Lima, Mexico City, and Santiago all contain more than 15 percent of their respective country's population. Figure 22. Population of the 10 Largest Cities in the World: 1985 and 2000 Tokyo Mexico City Sao Paulo New York Seoul Osaka Buenos Aires Calcutta Bombay Rio de Janeiro 10 15 20 Population (millions) Note: Cities are in rank order by 1985 population. Source: Table 12. 25 Aging 1985 2025 Percent of Percent of population population 65 years 65 years and over and over Japan 10 20 United States 12 20 China 5 13 Mexico 4 8 Philippines 3 8 India 4 10 Elderly Population Will Increase 46 Percent in Next 15 Years One of the most significant demographic facts affecting the world is the aging of its population. The number of elderly persons has grown and, for the next 50 years, will continue to grow more rapidly than the total population in most countries. At present, more than 286 million people in the world are 65 years of age or older, a figure that will increase to 418 million by the year 2000. The aging of the world is occurring because of the decline of previously high fertility rates and increases in life expectancy since 1950. Elderly Proportion of Japan's Population Increasing Faster Than Any Other Country The transformation of Japanese society to an aged society will be accomplished with a speed not previously experienced by any other country. By 2025, Japan's popula- tion will be among the most aged in the world. The elderly proportion of the population of several other countries (Brazil, Mexico, India, In- donesia, and the Philippines) will nearly double between 1985 and 2025 Figure 23. Percent of Population Over Age 65 Years, for Selected Countries: 1985, 2005, and 2025 United States Mexico Indonesia Philippines Source: Table 13. 5 10 15 20 Percent of population over age 65 26 Elderly Population Likely To Be 13 Percent of Population in China by Middle of Next Century The elderly are not yet a major share of the population in develop- ing countries; but their numbers are large enough that they cannot be ignored in the future China's "baby boom" population will be entering their elderly years in the first quarter of the next century creating a huge bulge in the older age groups. The proportion of the elderly population will more than double by 2025. An aging population may make increasing demands on public sec- tor programs and, therefore, is sometimes considered a potential problem. Yet, the aging of the world is also a major achievement. Longer life expectancies are associated with both better health conditions and higher literacy The increasing number of elderly people in a country's population is often also associated with a decline in fertility rates. While the future aging of the world will create new needs and demands, it will also be a signal of our successes and a new challenge for public policy makers. Table 1. World Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Region and Level of Development: 1950 to 2000 (Population in millions and may not add to totals due to rounding) Region World Developed Developing Sub-Saharan Africa Near East and North Africa Asia Developed Developing Latin America Northern America Europe and Soviet Union Oceania Developed Developing 2 6 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.2 1.3 2.3 0.9 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.4 1.6 2.5 0.7 2.3 0.9 0.5 1.9 1.7 2.5 1.3 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 2.0 27 Region 1950 1960 1970 Midyear 1975 population 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 World Developed Developing 2,564 832 1,732 3,049 945 2.104 3,721 1,049 2,672 4,103 1,096 3,007 4,473 1,136 3,336 4,865 1,173 3,692 5,271 1,208 4,063 5,708 1,240 4,468 6,159 1,268 4,891 Sub-Saharan Africa 184 227 290 331 381 438 509 591 686 Near East and North Africa 120 154 200 228 262 301 345 393 443 Asia Developed Developing 1,344 84 1,260 1,596 94 1,502 1,997 104 1,892 2,231 112 2,120 2,441 117 2,324 2,658 121 2,538 2,868 124 2,744 3,093 127 2,966 3,322 129 3,192 Latin America 166 218 286 324 364 410 459 511 563 Northern America 166 199 226 239 252 264 276 287 296 Europe and Soviet Union 572 640 703 729 750 769 788 805 821 Oceania Developed Developing 12 10 2 16 13 3 19 15 4 21 17 4 23 18 5 24 19 5 26 20 6 27 21 7 29 2.7 7 Excluding Mainland China World Developing Asia Developing 2,002 1,170 781 697 2,399 1,454 946 852 2,900 1,851 1,176 1,072 3,185 2,089 1,313 1,202 3,489 2,353 1,457 1,341 3,828 2,654 1,621 1,500 4,192 2.984 1,789 1,666 4,576 3,336 1,961 1,835 4,970 3,702 2,132 2,003 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1970-75 1975-80 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1995-00 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.9 2.4 2 4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1 4 0.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.9 Excluding Mainland China World 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 Developing 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2 2 2.1 Asia 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 Developing 2 U 2.3 22 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 28 Table 2. Absolute Population Change and Absolute Change in Growth Rate for the 50 Largest Countries, in Rank Order: Between 1975 and 1985 Population (000's) Absolute Absolute Population (000s) Absolute Absolute population change population change change in growth change in growth Country 1975 1985 (millions) ate Country 1975 1985 (millions) rate China, Mainland 917,899 1,037,588 120 83 Burma 30,197 36.919 7 -02 India 621,022 767,681 147 03 South Africa 25,470 32,465 7 -.09 Soviet Union 254,469 277,504 23 04 Argentina 26,052 30,708 5 -.15 United States 215,973 238,631 23 02 Zaire 23,209 30,505 7 -.17 Indonesia 137,500 173,103 36 31 Colombia 24.108 29,347 5 02 Brazil 108,672 139,774 31 07 Canada 22,727 25,386 3 -.38 Japan 111,573 120,731 9 52 Yugoslavia 21,347 23,124 2 -.26 Nigeria 77,109 102,783 26 46 Morocco 18,108 23.117 5 -.23 Bangladesh 76,249 101,408 25 55 Sudan 16,050 22,972 7 -3.31 Pakistan 74,712 99,199 24 33 Romania 21,245 22,734 1 -.52 Mexico 61,456 79,662 18 23 Algeria 16,142 22,107 6 .14 Germany, FR 61,832 60,950 -1 16 Tanzania 15,825 21,701 6 .14 Vietnam 47,912 60,492 13 00 Kenya 13,481 20,194 7 .29 Italy 55,572 57,116 2 29 Korea, DPR 15,853 20,082 4 -.23 Philippines 44,447 56,808 12 41 Peru 15.161 19,698 5 -.13 United Kingdom 56,215 56,423 08 China, Taiwan 16,122 19,338 3 -.66 France 52,758 55,041 2 00 Venezuela 12,665 17,317 5 -.82 Thailand 42,148 51,546 9 54 Nepal 13,262 16,996 4 08 Turkey 40,530 50,661 10 07 Germany, FDR 16,850 16,686 .42 Egypt 36,952 49,133 12 69 Sri Lanka 13,660 16,334 3 .19 Iran 33,379 45,191 12 12 Australia 13,771 15,629 2 .00 Korea, Rep. 36,669 42,643 6 13 Iraq 11.118 15,507 4 08 Ethiopia 35,547 42,266 7 1 40 Czechoslovakia 14.772 15,502 1 -.49 Spam 35,564 38,829 3 58 Malaysia 12.267 15,467 3 -05 Poland 33,969 37,233 3 13 Afghanistan 14,132 15,056 1 -.15 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 29 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1985 Midyear Births per Deaths per Rate of growth Infant deaths Density Region and country population 1,000 1,000 1985-86 per 1,000 (population (000's) population population (percent) live births per sq mile) WORLD 4,865.142 27 10 1.6 80 <.M Developed 1,173,257 15 10 0.6 17 53 Developing 3,691,885 30 11 1.9 90 122 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 437,932 46 17 3.0 123 52 Angola 7,948 47 20 2.7 143 17 Benin 4,015 47 16 3.1 143 ')2 Botswana 1,068 45 12 3.3 63 5 Burkina 6,907 48 22 2.7 17t, 65 Burundi 4,673 45 17 2.8 115 435 Cameroon 9.737 44 17 2.8 128 53 Cape Verde 312 36 10 1.9 89 200 Central African Republic 2,664 47 19 3.0 134 11 Chad 5,036 51 28 3.8 140 10 Comoros 408 44 15 2.9 111 588 Congo 1,798 45 15 3.0 110 14 Djibouti 297 43 18 2.5 132 35 Equatorial Guinea 350 42 17 2.6 132 32 Ethiopia 42,266 44 23 3.8 168 20 Gabon 988 33 17 2.8 159 10 Gambia, The 751 48 25 29 191 172 Ghana 13,004 42 11 4 1 72 141 Guinea 5,597 47 23 2.4 153 59 Guinea-Bissau 858 39 20 1.9 137 (.." Ivory Coast 10,090 48 12 4.0 93 81 Kenya 20,194 52 11 4.1 59 90 Lesotho 1,512 41 12 2.6 98 129 Liberia 2,232 45 14 3.3 127 52 Madagascar 9,941 45 17 2.8 101 44 Malawi 7,056 54 21 3.3 158 154 Mali 7,721 49 27 2.3 173 16 Mauritania 1,656 47 27 2.1 136 4 Mauritius 1,011 20 6 0.9 2'. 1,280 Mayotte 61 45 17 2.8 110 427 Mozambique 13,638 46 21 2.8 158 44 Namibia 1,108 43 12 3.1 110 3 Niger 6,491 52 20 3.4 135 13 Nigeria 102,783 46 18 2,6 127 288 Reunion 533 23 6 1.0 13 550 Rwanda 6,249 54 16 3.8 124 615 Saint Helena 7 21 8 1.3 58 148 Sao Tome and Principe 105 28 7 2.0 65 284 Senegal 6,755 50 18 3.3 102 89 Seychelles 66 25 7 1.2 14 616 Sierra Leone 3,883 48 22 2.6 195 140 Somalia 7,595 47 17 3.0 163 31 South Africa 32,465 33 10 2.4 hi; 69 Swaziland 671 47 16 3.0 1.21 100 Tanzania 21,701 49 16 3.2 110 59 Togo 3,023 48 17 3.1 107 140 Uganda 14,689 48 17 3.1 113 161 Zaire 30,505 42 14 2.7 106 34 Zambia 6,832 48 16 3.2 107 24 Zimbabwe 8,678 48 13 3.5 77 So 30 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1985 Continued Midyear Births per Deaths per Rate of growth Infant deaths Density Region and country population 1,000 1,000 1985-86 per 1.000 (population (000's) population population (percent) live births per sq mile) NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 301,383 40 12 ."'• 1 00 5 1 Afghanistan 15,056 47 23 :.' 4 182 60 Algeria 22,107 42 10 o :• 80 24 Bahrain 427 30 7 3.5 34 1.778 Cyprus 665 21 8 1.2 12 186 Egypt 49,133 40 11 2.8 105 127 Gaza Strip 521 45 7 3.7 51 3.724 Iran 45,191 43 12 8 1 112 71 Km 15,507 46 13 8 2 80 92 Israel 4,128 23 7 1 M 13 526 Jordan 2,668 39 6 3.3 51 71 Kuwait 1,710 34 3 3.5 21 249 Lebanon 2,619 30 8 2.1 42 652 Libya 3,752 41 12 3.2 82 6 Morocco 23,117 37 10 2.4 93 134 Oman 1,228 46 15 3.4 115 15 Qatar 292 34 4 4.2 42 69 Saudi Arabia 11,152 42 12 3.2 1 00 1 3 Sudan 22,972 46 17 2 114 24 Syria 10,535 45 7 3.7 51 147 Tunisia 7,259 30 6 2.3 53 115 Turkey 50.661 32 'i 2.3 MO 168 United Arab Emirates 1,286 26 4 3.1 •It-, 40 West Bank o:', 5 3.7 '.-; 104 Burma 36,919 33 13 2.0 89 141 Cambodia 6,249 39 18 2.2 (NA) 89 China, Mainland 1,037,588 16 8 OH 50 280 China, Taiwan 19,338 19 5 1 4 20 1,393 Hong Kong 5,415 15 5 0.9 10 13,436 India 767,681 33 V 2.1 101 606 Indonesia 173,103 31 10 2.1 88 235 Japan 120.731 12 6 0(, 840 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 20,082 •;n 7 2 3 30 431 Korea, Republic of 42,643 23 7 1 '. 30 1.121 Laos 3,605 40 .'(i 116 39 Macau 393 ."•; 6 2 8 12 65,516 M il.iy .i 15,467 29 7 23 21 121 Maldives 179 45 14 8 1 81 1,554 Mongolia 1.893 35 10 :•<; 46 3 Nepal 16,996 •l.' 17 2.5 106 313 Pakistan 99,199 44 ". 2.6 '." 820 Philippines 56,808 31 7 22 52 490 Singapore 2,556 16 8 1.1 9 11,413 Sri Lanka 16,334 :'/ 6 1.8 28 645 Thailand 51,546 ". 8 1.7 57 260 Vietnam 60,492 ■;.: 11 28 f,;l 471 31 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1935— Continued Midyear Births per Deaths per Rate of growth Infant deaths Density Region and country population 1,000 1,000 1985-86 per 1,000 (population (000s) population population (percent) live births per sq. mile) LATIN AMERICA 409,589 31 7 2,3 './' ■.:..' Anguilla 7 24 12 0.7 (NA) 113 Antigua and Barbuda 80 15 5 2.6 :•;> 469 Argentina 30,708 24 9 1.5 34 29 Bahamas. The 231 24 i» 1.8 21 43 Barbados 252 19 7 0.5 14 1,519 Belize 165 38 7 2.2 54 19 Bolivia 6,195 42 15 2.6 119 15 Brazil 139,774 32 7 2.5 (,.1 43 British Virgin Islands 12 19 5 1.0 41 199 Cayman Islands 22 19 6 2.8 13 217 Chile 12,042 24 6 1.8 22 41 Colombia 29,347 28 7 2.1 62 67 Costa Rica 2,644 31 4 2.6 19 135 Cuba 10,105 18 6 1.1 17 229 Dominica 74 19 6 0.4 20 255 Dominican Republic 6,614 34 9 2.5 74 352 Ecuador 9,378 36 8 2.8 t,8 86 El Salvador 4.981 34 10 2.5 67 603 French Guiana 85 30 6 4 1 34 2 Grenada 86 27 7 -0.5 22 649 Guadeloupe 332 20 7 0.5 18 484 Guatemala 8,346 42 10 3.0 67 199 Guyana 768 28 7 0.3 32 9 Haiti 5,762 36 13 1.9 107 538 Honduras 4,499 41 8 3.3 73 104 Jamaica 2,266 26 6 1.0 18 535 Martinique 327 17 6 0.1 17 771 Mexico 79,662 32 6 2.5 42 105 Montserrat 12 18 10 0.2 23 317 Netherlands Antilles 236 18 7 0.3 11 635 Nicaragua 3,232 44 9 3.3 69 64 Panama 2,180 26 5 2.1 25 75 Paraguay 3,989 38 7 3.2 <-,:• 25 Peru 19,698 36 10 2.6 82 40 Puerto Rico 3,286 19 7 0.8 15 957 Saint Christopher and Nevis 41 25 u -1.2 39 402 Saint Lucia 122 30 6 1.1 :'o 511 Saint Vincent and The Grenadines in: 1 30 7 0.9 40 683 Suriname 375 26 8 1.7 21 6 Trinidad and Tobago 1,186 27 7 1.5 21 599 Turks and Caicos Islands 9 25 5 2.5 23 52 Uruguay 2,936 18 10 0.4 26 43 Venezuela 17,317 32 6 2.7 37 49 Virgin Islands 107 25 5 1.5 20 812 32 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1985— Continued Midyear Births per Deaths per Rate of growth Infant deaths Density Region and country population 1,000 1,000 1985-86 per 1,000 (population (000s) population population (percent) live births per sq. mile) NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, SOVIET UNION 1,033,625 15 10 6 18 55 Albania 2,960 ;/ Andorra 47 is 4 5.1 12 269 Austria 7,548 18 13 (Z) 11 233 Belgium 9,858 15 12 0.1 10 837 Bermuda 58 14 7 0.6 9 2,918 Bulgaria 8,974 13 12 0.2 16 210 Canada 25,386 15 7 0.9 8 7 Czechoslovakia 15,502 15 18 0.3 15 314 Denmark 5,104 10 12 -0.1 8 507 Faroe Islands 45 14 8 0.7 11 84 Finland 4,908 13 10 0.5 6 38 France 55,041 14 10 0.4 8 261 German Democratic Republic 16,686 14 13 (Z) 10 <99 Germany, Federal Republic of 60,950 10 18 -0.4 9 635 Gibraltar 30 18 8 0.8 10 14,860 Greece 9,921 12 9 0.3 14 195 Greenland 53 19 9 1.1 36 (Z) Guernsey 53 12 1." -0.1 12 1,769 Hungary 10,644 12 14 -0.2 20 JHt, Iceland 241 18 7 1.0 6 6 Ireland 3,588 19 9 1.0 10 132 Isle of Man 65 10 14 (Z) 12 551", Italy 57,116 10 10 0.2 12 491 Jersey 79 11 11 0.9 8 1,757 Liechtenstein 28 14 7 1.8 9 452 Luxembourg 366 u 11 0.1 10 367 Malta 355 16 8 -0.2 11 2,907 Monaco 28 7 10 1.0 iNAi 28,072 Netherlands 14,481 12 8 0.4 8 918 Norway 4,152 12 10 0.3 8 33 Poland 37,233 !•) 10 0.8 18 308 Portugal 10,046 14 9 0.5 18 .V5 Romania 22,734 15 to 0.4 22 548 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6 17 <> 0.4 15 i.i; San Marino ;\" 11 7 0.9 14 •M4 Soviet Union 277,504 19 11 0.9 31 32 Spain 38,829 11 8 0.6 9 1'V1 Sweden 8,348 11 11 0.1 7 48 Switzerland 6,457 11 '.) 0.1 7 405 United Kingdom 56,423 13 i: 1 0.1 10 SMU United States 238,631 16 9 ii'i 10 66 Yugoslavia 23,124 1(, 9 0.7 30 584 33 Table 3. Projected Population, Vital Rates, and Density, by Country: 1985— Continued Midyear Births per Deaths per Rate of growth Infant deaths Density Region and country population 1,000 1,000 1985-86 per 1,000 (population (000's) population population (percent) live births per sq. mile) OCEANIA 24,340 21 8 1.3 35 American Samoa 36 34 4 1.9 14 471 Australia 15,629 16 7 1.0 9 5 Cook Islands 18 24 7 -1.0 20 197 Fiji 700 31 7 2.0 23 99 French Polynesia 175 29 5 3.0 18 17 Guam 123 27 4 1.5 7 579 Kiribati 6? 34 14 1.3 (,8 222 Nauru 8 21 5 1.3 26 974 New Caledonia 150 ;^5 6 1.2 15 20 New Zealand 3,271 15 8 1.0 10 32 Northern Mariana Islands 19 32 5 2,4 38 104 Papua New Guinea 3,326 43 12 2.1 91 19 Solomon Islands 273 47 10 3.5 :',n 25 Tonga 103 28 8 1.5 45 380 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 130 30 4 2.4 23 243 Tuvalu 8 27 11 1.7 35 134 Vanuatu 132 43 7 3.2 78 23 Wallis and Futuna 13 33 H 2.5 32 172 Western Samoa 163 38 8 08 28 149 Z Represents value between 0.05 and -0.05 percent. NA Data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 34 Table 4. Region and country SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar tyi.ii, iw Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Saint Helena Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Swaziland Tanzania I igo Uganda Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000 (Population in thousands and may not add to totals due to rounding) Midyear population 1980 1985 1986 1987 1 988 478,961 1989 1990 199J 2000 380.816 437,932 451,302 464,906 493,571 508,850 591,299 686,465 6,993 7,948 8,164 8,392 8.629 8,971 9,323 10,751 12,416 3.456 4,015 4,141 4,273 4,409 4,551 4,697 5,504 6,448 902 1,068 1,104 1,141 1,180 1,220 1,261 1,489 1.756 6.138 6,907 7,094 7,289 7,492 7,704 7,925 9,093 10,397 4,071 4,673 4,807 4,945 5,087 5,233 5,384 6.203 7.119 8,556 9,737 10,009 10,290 10,576 10,874 11,181 12.848 14,771 289 312 318 324 331 337 345 382 422 2,315 2,664 2,744 2,827 2,912 2.999 3.090 3,573 4,082 4,439 5,036 5,231 5,433 5,571 5.714 5,863 6,678 7,642 353 408 420 432 445 459 472 546 626 1,552 1,798 1,853 1,911 1,970 2,031 2.095 2,445 2,853 279 297 304 312 320 327 335 379 430 300 350 359 369 379 389 399 456 522 38,581 42,266 43,882 45,071 46,367 47,709 49,098 56,839 65,823 792 988 1.017 1,046 1,078 1.110 1.145 1,306 1,463 631 751 774 796 818 840 861 976 1,109 10,842 13.004 13,552 13,949 14,360 14,786 15.234 17,716 20.481 4,765 5,597 5,734 5,876 6,023 6,174 6,330 7,182 8,165 784 858 875 892 910 929 948 1.054 1,175 8,259 10.090 10,500 10,922 11.355 11,798 12,253 14,707 17,475 16,431 20,194 21,044 21,916 22.810 23,727 24,670 29,815 35,790 1,339 1,512 1,552 1,594 1.637 1,681 1,727 1,979 2,272 1,898 2,232 2,307 2,384 2,463 2,544 2.627 3.082 3,603 8,642 9,941 10,227 10,523 10,830 11,148 11,475 13,282 15,403 6,021 7,056 7,292 7,539 7,796 8,063 8,341 9.896 11,748 6,919 7,721 7,898 8,080 8,267 8,460 8.658 9,736 10,981 1,502 1,656 1,691 1,727 1,765 1,804 1,844 2,063 2,312 957 1,011 1,020 1,030 1,038 1,047 1,056 1,099 1,147 53 61 63 65 67 69 71 81 93 12,109 13,638 14,022 14,420 14,832 15.259 15,701 18,167 21,062 984 1,108 1,142 1,191 1,254 1.319 1,374 1,611 1,891 5,510 6,491 6,715 6,947 7,189 7.440 7,702 9,152 10,832 90,035 102,783 105,448 108,580 111.812 115,152 118,604 137,443 159,291 508 533 539 544 550 555 561 588 615 5,164 6,249 6,489 6,740 7,002 7,276 7,530 9.147 11,103 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 94 105 108 110 112 114 117 128 138 5,765 6,755 6,980 7.213 7,454 7,704 7,962 9.363 10,954 63 66 67 68 69 70 71 75 78 3,419 3,883 3,987 4,094 4,204 4,318 4,435 5,069 5,786 6,109 7,595 7,825 8,061 8,303 8,552 8.806 10,181 11,732 28,723 32,465 33,241 34,027 34,822 35,625 36,433 40,565 44,844 579 671 692 713 735 757 781 911 1,061 18,541 21,701 22,415 23,160 23,938 24,746 25,575 30,300 35,921 2,594 3,023 3,118 3,216 3,318 .-; 423 3,528 4.116 4,777 12,763 14,689 15,158 15,689 16,240 16,811 17,697 21,042 24,938 26,682 30,505 31,333 32,190 33,076 33,991 34,938 40,457 46,925 5,771 6,832 7,054 7,284 7.522 7,770 7,971 9,401 11,088 7,338 8,678 ;-:■>,.;. i 9,305 9,639 9,987 10,351 12,415 14,898 35 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1986 1987 1988 1989 Region and country 2.6 3.0 3.4 2.4 2.8 2.6 1.5 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.9 1.2 3.1 1.8 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.2 1.8 4.0 4.1 2.4 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.2 1.9 1.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 3.3 2.6 1.0 3.8 1.4 2.3 3.2 1.0 2.5 4.4 2.4 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.4 2.7 3.1 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.8 1.9 3.0 3.8 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.6 3.8 2.8 2.9 4.1 2.4 1.9 4.0 4.1 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.3 2.1 0.9 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.4 2.6 2.8 1.9 3.0 3.8 2.9 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.5 23 23 2.1 2.2 0.9 0.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.2 3.4 2.9 1.0 3.8 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.9 3 2 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.9 2.5 2 9 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.0 3.8 3.9 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.2 0.8 2.8 2.8 5 1 3.4 2.9 1.0 3.8 1.3 2.0 3.3 1.2 2.7 2 9 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 2.7 3.2 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.1 3.7 3.8 2.7 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.2 0.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.4 2.9 1.0 3.9 1.2 1.8 3.2 1.1 2.7 2.9 2.1 3.1 3.4 3.1 2 5 2.9 3.3 3.6 2 2 2.9 2.6 2.2 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.4 2.3 0.9 2.6 3.0 3 2 3.4 3.0 0.9 3.9 2.8 2.0 3.1 3.4 3.0 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia ( iabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda 1.2 Saint Helena 1.6 Sao Tome and Principe 3.1 Senegal 1.0 Seychelles 2.6 Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Swaziland Tanzania Togo 3.4 Uganda 3.0 Zaire 3.3 Zambia 3.6 Zimbabwe 36 Table 4. Region and country Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000— Continued (Population in thousands and may not add to totals due to rounding) Midyear population 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 19 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 262,499 301,383 309,199 317,847 326,717 335,753 344,766 392.640 442,646 Afghanistan 15.244 15,056 15,425 15,804 16,193 16,592 17,001 19,176 21,521 Algeria 18,840 22,107 22,817 23,546 24,295 25,063 25,851 30,032 34,337 Bahrain 348 427 442 456 470 483 496 570 645 Cyprus 627 665 673 681 689 696 703 737 768 Egypt 42,239 49,133 50,525 51,930 53,348 54,778 56,219 63,557 71,169 Gaza Strip 444 521 541 561 582 603 625 743 869 Iran 38,752 45,191 46,604 48,046 49,514 51,005 52,531 60,395 68.266 Iraq 13,130 15,507 16,019 16,540 17,069 17,610 18,162 21,080 24,223 Israel 3,767 4,128 4,208 4,288 4,367 4,447 4,525 4,888 5,259 Jordan 2,245 2,668 2,756 2,847 2,938 3.031 3,125 3,612 4,125 Kuwait 1,370 1,710 1,771 1,834 1,899 1,967 2,037 2,356 2,662 Lebanon 2,649 2,619 2,675 2,732 2,791 2,852 2,913 3,232 3.552 Libya 3,016 3,752 3,876 4,003 4,135 4,271 4,412 5,181 6,050 Morocco 20,545 23,117 23,667 24,228 24,800 25,380 25,968 28.987 32,103 Oman 978 1,228 1,271 1,312 1,350 1,389 1,430 1,656 1,909 Qatar 230 292 305 317 330 342 355 424 498 Saudi Arabia 9,420 11,152 11,519 11,895 12,282 12,678 13,086 15,301 17,786 Sudan 19,038 22,972 22,932 23,570 24,279 25,008 25,557 29,622 34,158 Syria 8,795 10,535 10,931 11,342 11,768 12.210 12,669 14.987 17,239 Tunisia 6,487 7,259 7,424 7,591 7,760 7.930 8,098 8,926 9,731 Turkey 45,121 50,661 51,819 52,993 54,179 55,377 56,583 62,730 69,013 United Arab Emirates 985 1,286 1,326 1,368 1,411 1,455 1,501 1,669 1,819 West Bank 834 938 967 998 1,031 1,064 1,099 1,283 1.476 Western Sahara 83 91 92 94 96 97 99 107 116 Yemen (Aden) 1,915 2,209 2,275 2,344 2,415 2,488 2,564 2,982 3,445 Yemen (Sanaa) 5,399 6,159 6,339 6,528 6,727 6,937 7,156 8,409 9,907 ASIA 2,440,737 2,658,272 2,699,519 2,740,836 2,782,523 2,824,960 2,868,069 3,093,062 3,321,540 Bangladesh 88,061 101,408 104,205 107,035 109.891 112,757 115,624 130,133 144.721 Bhutan 1,280 1,417 1,446 1,476 1,507 1,538 1,569 1.727 1,893 Brunei 185 232 240 249 258 267 276 310 339 Burma 33,391 36,919 37,651 38,392 39,140 39,893 40,649 44,464 48,225 Cambodia 5,692 6,249 6,388 6,537 6,696 6.855 7,014 7,802 8,528 China, Mainland 983,379 1 ,037,588 1,045,537 1,053,290 1,061,183 1 ,069,628 1,078,609 1,131,829 1,189,419 China, Taiwan 17,800 19,338 19,601 19,847 20,077 20,289 20,483 21,425 22,412 Hong Kong 5,038 5,415 5,465 5,515 5,564 5,611 5,656 5,841 5,956 India 688,994 767,681 783,940 800,326 816,828 833,422 850,067 932,906 1,013,280 Indonesia 154,936 173,103 176,764 180,426 184,082 187,726 191.349 209,204 226,665 Japan 116,807 120,731 121,402 122,039 122,646 123,231 123.800 126,575 129,305 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 17,892 20,082 20,543 21,012 21,486 21,964 22,443 24,852 27,256 Korea, Republic of 39,565 42,643 43,285 43,935 44,589 45,243 45,894 49,078 52,016 Laos 3,292 3,605 3,679 3,757 3,839 3,923 4,010 4,456 4,906 Macau 318 393 404 414 421 429 436 473 507 Malaysia 13,764 15,467 15,820 16,178 16,539 16,901 17,260 19,007 20,579 Maldives 153 179 184 190 196 202 208 240 275 Mongolia 1,663 1,893 1,942 1,992 2,042 2,093 2,144 2,397 2,644 Nepal 14,992 16,996 17,422 17,857 18,303 18,760 19,228 21,744 ,M hV Pakistan 85,219 99,199 101,855 104,599 107,432 110,358 113,379 129,860 148,706 Philippines 50,509 56,808 58,091 59,375 60 ,,660 61,941 63,216 69,487 75,492 Singapore 2,414 2,556 2,584 2,612 2,640 2,668 2,695 2,816 2,913 Sri Lanka 14,900 16,334 16,638 16,941 17,242 17,541 17,839 19,309 20,727 Thailand 46,866 51,546 52,438 53,309 54,158 55,017 55,885 60,367 64,880 Vietnam 53,624 60,492 61,994 63,533 65,105 66,708 68,338 76,762 85,284 37 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1986 1987 1988 198' 1990-95 1995-2000 Region and country 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA -0.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 Afghanistan 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.7 Algeria 4.1 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.5 Bahrain 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 Cyprus 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 Egypt 3.2 3 7 3 7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.1 Gaza Strip 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 25 Iran 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3 1 3.1 3.0 2.8 Iraq 1 8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 Israel 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 29 2.7 Jordan 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.4 Kuwait -0.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 Lebanon 4.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 Libya 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.0 Morocco 46 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 Oman 4.8 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.2 Qatar 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 Saudi Arabia 3.8 -0.2 2.7 3.0 3.0 22 3.0 2.8 Sudan 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.4 2.8 Syria 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 Tunisia 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 Turkey 5.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.1 1.7 United Arab Emirates 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.8 West Bank 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1 7 1.7 1.5 Western Sahara 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 Yemen (Aden) 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 3 1 3.1 3.2 3.3 Yemen (Sanaa) 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 ASIA 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 Bangladesh 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 Bhutan 4.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.3 1.8 Brunei 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 Burma 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.8 Cambodia 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 China, Mainland 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 China, Taiwan 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 06 0.4 Hong Kong 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 India 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 Indonesia 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Japan 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 Korea. Democratic People's Republic of 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 Korea, Republic of 1.8 2.0 2.1 2 1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 Laos 4.2 28 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 Macau 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 Malaysia 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.7 Maldives 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.0 Mongolia 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2 5 Nepal 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 Pakistan 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 Philippines 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 Singapore 1.8 1.8 1 8 1.8 1 7 1.7 1.6 1.4 Sri Lanka 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 Thailand 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 24 2.4 2.3 2.1 Vietnam 38 Table 4. Region and country Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000— Continued (Population in thousands and may not add to totals due to rounding) Midyear population 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 19 LATIN AMERICA 364,254 409,589 419,247 429,052 438,986 449,027 459,163 510.700 562,767 Anguilla 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 Antigua and Barbuda 75 80 82 84 85 86 87 93 99 Argentina 28,313 30,708 31.186 31,666 32.144 32.617 33,084 35.330 37,500 Bahamas, The 210 231 235 239 243 247 252 273 295 Barbados 249 252 253 254 255 250 257 262 269 Belize 147 165 168 172 176 179 183 202 219 Bolivia 5,450 6,195 6,358 6,526 6,699 6.876 7.058 8.047 9,178 Brazil 123,033 139,774 143,277 146,818 150.391 153.992 157.611 175.992 194,670 British Virgin Islands 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 14 Cayman Islands 18 22 22 23 23 24 24 26 27 Chile 11.014 12,042 12,261 12,474 12,677 12,866 13,051 13.959 14.807 Colombia 26,474 29,347 29,956 30,573 31,195 31,821 32,448 35,535 38.364 Costa Rica 2,296 2.644 2,714 2,783 2,853 2,922 2,991 3,334 3,669 Cuba 9,658 10.105 10,221 10.340 10,462 10,587 10,713 11.330 11,852 Dominica 75 74 74 75 75 76 76 79 82 Dominican Republic 5,807 6,614 6,785 6,957 7,131 7,307 7,485 8,371 9,238 Ecuador 8,123 9,378 9,647 9,923 10,204 10,490 10,782 12,314 13,939 El Salvador 4,718 4,981 5,105 5,240 5,388 5,548 5,723 6,547 7,458 French Guiana 68 85 88 92 95 99 102 117 130 Grenada 91 86 86 86 86 87 87 93 101 Guadeloupe 327 332 334 336 338 340 342 355 372 Guatemala 7,132 8,346 8,600 8,862 9,133 9,412 9,699 11,269 13,055 Guyana 759 768 771 773 776 779 782 801 828 Haiti 5,279 5,762 5,870 5,981 6,096 6,216 6,339 7,011 7.784 Honduras 3,778 4,499 4,648 4,799 4,952 5,106 5,262 6,053 6,848 Jamaica 2,148 2,266 2,288 2,311 2,336 2,362 2,389 2,505 2,715 Martinique 326 327 328 328 329 330 331 340 353 Mexico 70,111 79,662 81,709 83,797 85,925 88,087 90,281 101.548 112,777 Montserrat 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Netherlands Antilles 231 2H(i 236 237 238 239 240 246 252 Nicaragua 2.755 3,232 3,342 3,455 3,572 3,692 3,814 4,477 5.199 Panama 1,956 2,180 2,227 2,274 2,322 2,370 2,418 2,659 2.893 Paraguay 3,379 3,989 4,119 4,250 4,383 4,518 4,655 5,336 5,989 Peru 17,295 19,698 20,207 20,727 21,256 21,792 22,332 25,123 27,952 Puerto Rico 3,206 3.286 3,312 3,337 3,363 3,390 3,416 3,515 3,587 Saint Christopher and Nevis 45 41 40 40 40 40 40 41 42 Saint Lucia 115 122 123 124 1,'h 128 129 139 1 ig Saint Vincent and The Grenadines 98 102 103 104 105 10 ' 108 115 128 Suriname 352 375 381 388 394 400 407 439 472 Trinidad and Tobago 1,095 1,186 1,204 1,223 1,242 1,261 1,280 1,377 1,457 Turks and Caicos Islands 7 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 Uruguay 2,887 2,936 2,947 2,958 2,970 2,983 2,996 3.070 3,158 Venezuela 15,024 17,317 17,791 18,272 18,757 19,246 19,735 22,212 24,715 Virgin Islands 98 107 109 110 112 113 115 123 132 39 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1980-85 1985 1986 1987 1988 1 989 1990-95 1995-2000 Region and country 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9 LATIN AMERICA 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 Anguilla 1.3 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 Antigua and Barbuda 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 Argentina 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 Bahamas, The 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 Barbados 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 Belize 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 Bolivia 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 Brazil 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.0 British Virgin Islands 3.9 2.8 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 1 4 1.1 Cayman Islands 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1 4 1.3 1.2 Chile 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 Colombia 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.9 Costa Rica 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 2 1.1 0.9 Cuba -0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 Dominica 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2 2 2.0 Dominican Republic 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 Ecuador 1.1 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 2.6 El Salvador 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.4 2.8 2.1 French Guiana -1.1 -0.5 (Z) 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.7 Grenada 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 Guadeloupe 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 Guatemala 02 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 Guyana 1.7 19 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 Haiti 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.5 Honduras 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.6 Jamaica 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 Martinigue 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 Mexico 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 (Z) (Z) -0.1 0.1 Montserrat 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 Netherlands Antilles 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 Nicaragua 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 Panama 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.3 Paraguay 2.6 2.6. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 Peru 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 Puerto Rico -2.0 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 Saint Christopher and Nevis 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 -3.1 Saint Lucia 0.9 09 1.0 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 Saint Vincent and The Grenadines 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1 4 Suriname 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.1 Trinidad and Tobago 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 Turks and Caicos Islands 0.3 0.4 0.4 04 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 Uruguay 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.1 Venezuela 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1 3 Virgin Islands 40 Table 4. Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000— Continued (Population in thousands and may not add to totals due to rounding) Midyear populat on Region and country 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1995 2000 NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AND SOVIET UNION 1,001,876 1,033,625 1,039,770 1,045,883 1,051,954 1,058.002 1,063.983 1,092,404 1,117,121 Albania 2,671 2,960 3,020 3,080 3,141 3,201 3,261 3,553 3,810 Andorra 34 47 49 52 54 56 58 66 68 Austria 7,553 7,548 7,546 7,546 7,549 7.555 7,564 7,610 7,610 Belgium 9,847 9,858 9,868 9,878 9,888 9,897 9,907 9,960 9,990 Bermuda 57 58 59 59 59 60 60 62 64 Bulgaria 8,862 8,974 8,990 9,005 9,020 9,037 9,054 9,159 9,250 Canada 24,070 25,386 25,625 25,862 26,099 26,334 26,561 27,569 28,346 Czechoslovakia 15,255 15,502 15,542 15,582 15,621 15,661 15,702 15,968 16.301 Denmark 5,123 5,104 5,097 5,090 5,082 5,074 5.066 5,015 4.945 Faroe Islands 43 45 46 46 46 47 47 49 51 Finland 4,780 4,908 4,931 4,953 4,972 4,990 5,004 5,051 5,062 France 53,870 55,041 55,239 55,434 55,625 55,813 55,997 56,882 57.659 German Democratic Republic 16,737 16,686 16,692 16.703 16,717 16,736 16,759 16,860 16,897 Germany, Federal Republic of 61,561 60,950 60,734 60.531 60,341 60,162 59,996 59.346 58,818 Gibraltar 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 33 Greece 9,643 9,921 9,954 9,986 10,018 10.048 10,078 10,225 10,353 Greenland 50 53 54 54 55 55 56 58 60 Guernsey 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 52 52 Hungary 10,711 10,644 10,624 10,605 10,587 10,571 10,557 10,540 10.574 Iceland 228 241 244 246 249 251 253 262 270 Ireland 3.407 3,588 3.624 3,660 3,697 3,734 3,772 3,959 4,143 Isle ot Man 63 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 Italy 56,451 57,116 57,226 57,312 57,373 57,439 57,510 57,904 58.149 Jersey 76 79 80 81 81 82 83 87 90 Liechtenstein 25 28 28 29 29 30 30 32 34 Luxembourg 364 366 367 368 368 369 370 373 373 Malta 364 35'-, 354 354 356 338 3M 370 378 Monaco 27 28 28 29 29 29 29 31 32 Netherlands 14,144 14,481 14,536 14,588 14,639 14,689 14,739 14,977 15,198 Norway 4,086 4,152 4,165 4,178 4,191 4,204 4,217 4,279 4,321 Poland 35,578 37,233 37,546 37,843 38.124 38,389 38,636 39,709 40,664 Portugal 9,804 10,046 10,095 10,143 10,192 10,240 10,288 10,519 10,722 Romania 22,201 22,734 22,830 22,933 23,041 23,155 23,276 23,933 24,519 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6 6 6 S 6 6 6 6 7 San Marino 21 :<:• :m 23 23 23 23 24 25 Soviet Union 265,542 277,504 279,904 282,290 284,660 287,015 289,353 300.575 310,566 Spam 37,488 38,829 39,075 39.318 39,557 39,785 40,003 40.926 41,870 Sweden 8,310 8,348 8,357 8,363 8,368 8,371 8,373 8,377 8,362 Switzerland 6,385 6,457 6,466 6,474 6,480 6,485 6,490 6,509 6,527 United Kingdom 56,314 56,423 56,458 56,506 56,566 56,649 56,732 57,239 57,678 United States 227,738 238,631 240,856 243,084 245,302 247,498 249,657 259,559 267,955 Yugoslavia 22,304 23,124 23,284 23,443 23,599 23,753 23,904 24,630 25,229 41 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1 995-2000 Region and country NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AND SOVIET UNION 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 Albania 6.7 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6 2.4 0.7 Andorra (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 (Z) Austria (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Belgium 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Bermuda 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Bulgaria 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 Canada 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Czechoslovakia -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 Denmark 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Faroe Islands 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 (Z) Finland 0.4 04 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 France -0.1 (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (Z) German Democratic Republic -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 Germany, Federal Republic of 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 Gibraltar 0.6 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 Greece 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 Greenland -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 Guernsey -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 (Z) 0.1 Hungary 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 Iceland 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 Ireland 0.5 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Isle of Man 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Italy 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Jersey 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 Liechtenstein 1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 (Z) Luxembourg -0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 Malta 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 Monaco 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Netherlands 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 Norway 09 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 Poland 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Portugal 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 Romania 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 San Marino 09 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 Soviet Union 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 Spain 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) Sweden 0.2 0.1 0.1 1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1 Switzerland (Z) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 United Kingdom 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 United States 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 Yugoslavia 42 Table 4. Region and country Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth, by Country: 1980 to 2000— Continued (Population in thousands and may not add to totals due to rounding) American Samoa Australia Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia Guam Kiribati Nauru New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Islands Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Tonga Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Tuvalu Vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Western Samoa Midyea r population 1980 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1995 2000 22,612 24,340 24,653 24,960 25,266 25.572 25.879 27.408 28,900 32 36 36 37 38 39 39 43 46 14.616 15,629 15,793 15,952 16,108 16,263 16.416 17,160 17,851 18 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 15 634 700 715 729 744 758 773 845 916 151 175 181 186 , r,o 198 204 232 259 107 123 125 126 128 129' I 30 138 144 58 62 63 64 65 65 66 70 74 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 139 150 152 154 155 157 159 167 175 3,113 3,271 3,305 3,336 3,367 3.397 3,428 3,573 3.698 17 19 20 20 21 21 22 24 26 2,991 3,326 3,395 3,466 3.539 3,613 3,689 4.095 4,547 228 273 283 293 303 314 324 380 435 95 103 104 106 107 108 110 116 124 116 130 133 136 139 142 146 162 177 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 115 132 1 36 141 145 150 154 174 194 11 13 14 14 14 15 15 17 18 156 163 165 166 167 169 170 178 181 Z Represents value between 0.05 and -0.05 percent. Source: U S Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 43 Average annual rate of growth (percent) 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990-95 1995-2000 Region and country 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 .2 1.1 1.1 OCEANIA 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1 7 1.6 American Samoa 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 Australia (Z) -1.0 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 Cook Islands 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 Fiji 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.2 French Polynesia 2.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 n 0.9 Guam 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Kiribati 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Nauru 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 New Caledonia 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 New Zealand 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.8 Northern Mariana Islands 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Papua New Guinea 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.7 Solomon Islands 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 Tonga 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2 3 2.1 1.8 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 Tuvalu 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.1 Vanuatu 4.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2 4 2.3 2.2 1.9 Wallis and Futuna 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3 Western Samoa 44 Table 5. Percent of Married Women Ages 15 to 44 Years Currently Using Contraception, by Country: Selected Years Since 1963 Country Year Percent Source Country rfeai Percent Source Afghanistan 1972 ? Survey Dominica 1981 62 CPS Angola 1977 1 IPPF Dominican Republic 1975 1977 1983 32 31 36 WFS PC CPS Antigua and Barbuda 1981 48 CPS Argentina 1977 74 IPPF Ecuador 1974 1975 1979 -1982 3 6 34 40 PC SS WFS CPS Australia 1971 67 Survey Bangladesh 1976 1977 1979 KJHO 1981 1983 8 9 12 1." 19 19 WFS PC AID PC CPS CPS Egypt 1974 1980 1984 26 24 32 Survey WFS CPS El Salvador 1975 1976 1978 1980 1985 21 22 vl 20 .1:-: MD Barbados 1971 VlHll 64 48 Survey CPS PC CPS PC Belgium 1975 85 WFS DHS Ethiopia 1977 1 Benin 1977 1981 20 IPPF Wl s MD Fiji 1973 1974 1977 1978 33 ■■>■ -;- 38 PC Bolivia 1983 24 CPS A : S AID Botswana 1976 1984 8 28 PRB CPS PC Finland 1971 1977 77 80 Survey Brazil 1980 56 PC WFS Bulgaria 1976 76 WFS France 1977 71 WFS Burkina 1977 1 IPPF Gambia 1977 1 ppi Burundi 1977 1 IPPF Ghana <"/i, U17H 1'VM 2 4 10 PC SS .-.( s Cameroon 1978 3 WFS Chad 1977 1 IPPF Guadeloupe 1975 44 WFS Chile 1978 43 SS Guatemala 1 - i ' •; 4 1 18 25 PC PC CPS China, Mainland 1982 70 Survey 1977 1981 i'i;-;.l 65 70 74 Survey PC PC Guinea 1977 1 PPI Guinea-Bissau 1977 1 Colombia 1970 vi,M 1976 V)M() 1984 18 31 ■1. 1. 4<) AID (V A 1 ! (TS c:i'S IV IPPF Guyana '"'■ 32 WFS Haiti 1MV 1,1- • 5 5 All • SS ,'S : 1983 40 ini Si :ap Honduras 1977 1981 " Costa Rica 1976 1978 |')H1 1984 64 WFS CPS <:l>:; PC SS AID CPS Hong Kong vi; - 1984 ■is 7 PC Czechoslovakia 1970 66 95 Survey WFS Y .\r PC Denmark 1975 63 WFS Hungary 1,1 ' - 74 WFS 45 Table 5. Percent of Married Women Ages 15 to 44 Years Currently Using Contraception, by Country: Selected Years Since 1963— Continued Country India 1969 1970 197;' 1974 1975 1')7t. 1977 1978 1979 1981 1984 Indonesia (West Java) 1976 (Total) 1979 (Total) 1980 (Total) 1981 Iran 1969 1977 1978 Iraq 1974 Ireland 1973 Italy 1979 Ivory Coast 1980 Jamaica 1975 1979 1983 Japan 1974 Jordan 1972 1976 1983 Kenya 1977 1979 1984 Kiribati 1982 Korea, Republic of 1971 1973 1974 1976 1978 1979 11)81 1982 Lebanon 1971 Lesotho 1977 Liberia 1977 Malawi 1977 Malaysia (Penisular) 1969 1970 1974 1981 Percent Source Country PC PC PC PC PC PC ss AID PC PC PC WFS Survey Census SS PC AID PC Survey Survey WFS WFS CPS CPS WFS Survey WFS Survey WFS PC CPS SPC Survey Survey WFS Survey Survey CPS PC Survey Survey WFS IPPF PC KAP WFS PC Martinique Mauritania (sedentary). Ncpul Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Pakistan Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines IPPP Poland Portugal Puerto Rico 1976 1981 1976 1981 19(»9 1975 1977 1977 1981 1977 1975 19H1I 1976 1979 1977 1979 1977 19H1 1972 1977 1979 1974 WFS 1971 :"> PC 1976 33 PC 1977 48 PC 1979 53 PC 1981 51 PC 1984 56 PC 1973 13 PC 1976 42 WFS 1978 42 CPS 1979 39 CPS 1982 48 Survey 1970 1 SS 1971 3 SS 1972 4 SS 1973 6 SS 1974 7 SS 1979 15 SS 1980 19 WFS 1983 26 CPS WFS CPS Survey WFS WFS PC WFS CPS UNESCAP CPS Wf s WFS CPS 1973 17 AID 1978 37 WFS 1980 45 Survey 1981 48 PC 1983 33 Survey Survey WFS Survey IPPF Romania 46 Table 5. Percent of Married Women Ages 15 to 44 Years Currently Using Contraception, by Country: Selected Years Since 1963— Continued Country Year Percent Source Country Year Percent Source Saint Lucia 1981 52 CPS Tunisia 1978 1983 32 41 WFS CPS Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1981 56 CPS Turkey 1963 1 <«,;-; 1973 1978 22 32 38 50 Survey Senegal 1978 4 WFS Survey Survey 1971 6 KAP WFS Tuvalu 1 983 30 Singapore 1977 1978 71 71 Survey Survey CPS Survey WFS UNESCAP United Kingdom 1976 72 WFS Somalia 1983 (Z) 50 United States 1965 1973 1976 1<)r,;' 64 70 68 UK South Africa 1975 Survey NSFG Spam 1977 51 NSFG NSFG 1975 1977 1982 32 41 55 WFS PC CPS Venezuela 1974 1977 42 60 AID WFS 1979 5 WFS Sudan (North) Western Samoa 1982 18 ss 1973 1978 23 30 Survey WFS Yemen (Sanaa) 1979 2 WFS 1977 10 IPPF Yugoslavia 1970 1976 59 55 Survey WFS Thailand 1970 1')73 1975 1978 1')K1 1984 15 26 36 53 59 65 Survey Survey WFS CPS CPS CPS Zaire 1977 1 AID Zambia 1977 1 IPPF Tonga 1976 46 Survey Survey WFS Zimbabwe 1976 1979 1984 5 14 38 MD Trinidad and Tobago 1970 1977 44 52 PC CPS Z Represents less than 0.05 percent. Notes: AID • Figures supplied by Agency for International Development. Census - Data taken from census. CPS - Contraceptive prevalence survey. DHS - Demographic and health survey. IPPF - Response to International Planned Parenthood Federation survey of world in family planning. KAP - Knowledge. Attitude, and Practice of Family Planning Survey. NSFG - National survey of family growth. PC • Response to Population Council questionnaire. Data from this source are on program service statistics, sometimes with an estimate for private sector contraceptive practice. Without confirmation from an independent source such as a census or survey, reliance on program service statistics for estimates of contraceptive prevalence may be hazardous. PRB • Population Reference Bureau. UNESCAP - United Nations, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific. UNK - Source unknown. SPC • South Pacific Commission. SS - Service statistics based on number of acceptors or amount of supplies distributed and assumption about discontinuation rates. (See also PC). Survey - A nationwide survey conducted by a national government or independent organization, but not related to CPS or WFS WFS - World fertility survey. Source: Estimates are from various surveys and other published sources compiled by the U.S. Bureau of the Census (1985, unpublished work tables). Table 6 Average Number of Children Born to Women (Total Fertility Rate) for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 47 Region and country 1970 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1990 1995 2000 SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Ghana Kenya Liberia Nigeria 6.93 6.87 6.85 6.66 6.48 6.29 6.25 6.20 6.16 6.12 6.07 6.03 5.96 5.89 5.52 5.14 4.75 7.69 7.90 7.95 7.98 8.01 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 8.05 7.38 6.71 6.04 (NA) (NA) 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.11 5.81 5.50 6.61 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.58 6.57 6.57 6.39 6.19 5.90 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Egypt (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 6.05 6.01 6.45 6.00 6.06 5.90 5.80 5.69 5.59 5.03 4.45 3.89 Turkey (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.18 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.64 4.53 4.43 4.32 4.22 4.11 3.65 3.29 3.02 Yemen (Sanaa) (NA) (NA) (NA) 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.01 8.00 8.00 7.80 7.50 7.00 ASIA Bangladesh Indonesia Pakistan Philippines (NA) (NA) 7.17 4.84 7.11 7.08 7.05 7.02 6.78 6.53 6.40 6.26 6.12 5.99 5.31 4.64 3.96 5.54 5.20 (NA) 4.97 (NA) 4.68 (NA) (NA) 4.38 4.26 4.15 4.03 3.92 3.80 3.29 2.89 2.59 7.03 7.03 7.03 7.03 7.03 (NA) (NA) 6.97 6.95 6.93 6.88 6.83 6.78 6.74 6.46 6.14 5.78 (NA) 5.52 (NA) 5.24 5.20 5.16 5.11 5.07 5.03 4.98 4.94 4.89 4.85 4.80 4.57 4.34 4.12 LATIN AMERICA Brazil Colombia Mexico Peru 5.33 4.81 4.67 4.54 4.40 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.42 4.35 4.28 4.20 4.13 4.06 3.74 3.45 3.20 (NA) 4.65 4.54 4.44 4.22 4.00 3.78 3.69 3.60 3.52 3.44 3.37 3.29 3.22 2.90 2.57 2.25 6.83 6.43 6.06 (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.01 (NA) 4.57 4.46 4.36 4.26 4.15 4.05 3.59 3.20 2.85 6.28 (NA) (NA) 5.69 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 5.19 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 4.74 4.23 3.74 3.30 NA Data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 48 Table 7. Fertility Rates, by Age, for Selected Countries: 1985 Less than 20 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 34 35 to 39 40 to 44 45 years Region and country 20 years years years years years years or more AFRICA Ghana 126.4 239.7 249.1 221.0 162.0 124.5 55.3 Kenya 172.7 359.7 371.6 307.8 236.1 126.0 36.4 Liberia 215.6 265.0 271.5 237.5 174.9 82.7 2.9 Nigeria 180.7 283.5 276.1 244.4 166.0 109.3 53.1 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Egypt 103.6 271.2 304.7 231.8 139.1 51.3 16.2 Turkey 88.5 246.3 207.4 146.4 96.0 36.2 1.9 Yemen (Sanaa) 167.1 324.3 324,5 314.3 214.9 184.7 70.2 ASIA India Indonesia Pakistan Philippines 81.8 238.4 222.4 157.3 92.6 41.9 17.8 82 5 198.7 205.8 149.3 81.1 33.8 9.0 76.1 279.4 333.0 283.2 207.5 109.5 58.7 35.0 192.7 288.0 207.3 160.5 60.3 16.5 LATIN AMERICA Brazil Colombia Honduras Mexico 74.7 52.8 121.2 93.8 198.8 168.3 281.8 205.4 210.8 158.4 255.7 194.4 160.5 124.4 225.1 162.1 108,3 85.9 158.8 105.4 48.8 46 5 11 5 42.6 10.0 7.2 21.9 7.0 NORTH AMERICA United States 53.3 115.3 115.4 66.2 20.9 4.0 .2 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 49 Table Infant Mortality Rates, for Selected Countries: 1970 to 2000 Country AFRICA Ghana Kenya Liberia Nigeria 1973 1974 1975 1977 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1990 1995 2000 115.0 112.3 106.7 103.9 101.1 'i!,8 87.7 68.8 - 154.1 151.7 146.7 139.3 157.5 155.0 150.0 147.6 145.0 140.7 135.0 85.2 82.7 80.2 77.7 75.2 669 64.9 62.9 60.9 59.0 36.9 134.5 132.1 129.6 127.3 33.1 131.4 130.0 128.8 127.3 66.0 58.4 51.1 49.8 41.6 34.4 115.9 105.4 95.3 119.1 110.9 103.3 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Egypt Turkey Yemen (Sanaa) 124.9 175.5 141.3 114.8 117.3 120.4 115.4 110.3 105.3 - 105.9 102.8 99.6 96.5 93.2 90.0 168.6 158.1 155.0 151.9 148.8 145.6 142.5 89.9 76.0 63.7 76.2 63.5 52.6 128.0 114.1 100.9 ASIA Bangladesh Indonesia Pakistan India LATIN AMERICA Brazil Colombia Honduras Mexico 149.0 93.6 91.8 79.0 • 147.1 180.4 147.3 147.2 147.1 1454 143.6 141.9 140.1 131.4 122.8 114.4 - 100.5 98.1 95.8 93.4 91.0 88.5 77.8 67.6 58.5 - 128.6 127.9 126.9 125.8 124.6 118.7 113.0 107.6 131.6 131.3 131.0 130.5 114.0 111.4 108.8 106.2 103.6 101.1 88.7 77.5 67.3 57.8 52.0 46.7 56.2 50.0 43.8 61.2 51.1 42.2 35.0 29.6 25.9 879 86.0 84.1 797 73.4 71.7 69.9 681 663 64.5 77.0 75.8 74.6 72.1 68.5 67.2 66.0 648 636 62 3 103.0 100.3 95.0 868 84 1 81.3 78 6 75.9 73.3 61.3 52.5 501 482 462 443 423 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 50 Table 9. Literacy and Contraceptive Use, for Selected Countries: Latest Available Year Percent Percent Percent Percent contra- literate contra- literate Country Year cepting women Country Year cepting women Mexico 1982 48 84 Philippines 1983 33 88 Colombia 1980 49 92 Egypt 1984 32 25 Indonesia 1980 27 67 Zimbabwe 1984 38 74 Pakistan 1980 6 23 Nigeria 1981 6 30 Note. The percent literate is for women ages 15 to 44 (49) years of age as reported in the latest survey or census Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. Table 10. Percent Literate Age 10 Years Old and Over, by Sex, for Selected Countries and Years Country Year Male Female Country Year Male Female SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ASIA Ethiopia 1981 25.0 7.0 India 1981 53.0 28.0 South Africa 1980 71.0 70.0 Pakistan 1981 35 16.0 Mozambique 1980 37.0 14.0 Sri Lanka 1981 90.0 82.0 Burundi 1979 35.0 16.0 Philippines 1980 83.0 83.0 NEAR EAST AND LATIN AMERICA NORTH AFRICA Jordan 1979 80.0 52.0 Argentina 1980 95.0 94.0 Tunisia 1980 66.0 39.0 Brazil 1980 69.0 67.0 Kuwait 1980 76.0 64.0 Mexico 1980 86 79 Morocco 1982 49.0 22.0 Peru 1981 85 73 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. Table 11. Percent Urban for Selected Countries and Years Percent Percent Country Year urban Country Year urban SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ASIA Nigeria 1985 31 Philippines 1980 37 Zimbabwe 1982 26 Pakistan 1981 08 Botswana 1981 17 India 1981 23 Mozambique 1980 15 Indonesia 1980 22 Ethiopia 1984 11 Bangladesh 1981 15 NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA LATIN AMERICA Jordan 1979 V.I Argentina 1980 83 Tunisia 1984 .','■; Brazil 1980 i ,8 Syria 1M81 47 Mexico 1980 66 Morocco 1982 43 Peru 1981 65 Sudan 1983 :>o Honduras 1983 40 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 51 Table 12. Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth for Cities With 2 Million or More Population in 1985, in Rank Order: 1985 to 2000 Midyear population (in thoi sands) Growth rate (percent) Density Rank Area (pop. per in 1995- (square square 1985 City Country 1985 25434 1990 26,952 1995 28,447 2000 29,971 1985-90 1 16 1990-95 1.08 2000 1.04 miles) mile) 1 Tokyo-Yokahama Japan 1,089 2335 2 Mexico City Mexico 16,901 20,207 23,913 27,872 3.57 3.37 3.06 522 32,37 3 Sao Paulo Brazil 14911 18,052 21,539 25,354 3.82 3.53 3.26 451 33,06 4 New York United States 14,598 14,622 14,638 14,648 0.03 0.02 001 1,274 11,45 5 Seoul South Korea 13,665 16,268 19,065 21,976 3.49 3.17 2.84 342 39,95 6 Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Japan 13,562 13,845 14,093 14,333 041 0.36 0.34 495 27,39 7 Buenos Aires Argentina 10,750 11,518 12,232 12,911 1.38 1.20 108 535 20,09 8 Calcutta India 10,462 11,663 12,885 14,088 2.17 1.99 1.79 209 50,05 9 Bombay India 10,137 11,777 13,532 15,357 300 2.78 2.53 95 106,70 10 Rio de Janeiro Brazil 10,116 11,428 12,786 14,169 2.44 2.25 2.05 260 38,90 11 Moscow Soviet Union 9,873 10,367 10,769 11,121 098 076 64 379 26,05 12 Los Angeles United States 9,638 10,060 10,414 10,714 0.86 0.69 0.57 1.110 8,68 13 London United Kingdom 9,442 9,170 8,897 8,574 -0.58 -0.60 -0.74 874 10,80 14 Paris France 8,633 8,709 8,764 8,803 018 0.13 432 19,98 15 Cairo Manila Egypt Philippines 8,595 9,851 11,155 12,512 2.73 2.49 2.30 104 82,64 16 8,485 9,880 11,342 12,846 3.04 2.76 2.49 188 45,13 17 Jakarta Indonesia 8,122 9,588 11,151 12,804 3.32 3.02 2.76 76 106,86 18 Essen West Germany 7,604 7,474 7,364 7,239 -034 -0.30 -0.34 704 10,80 19 Tehran Iran 7,354 9,354 11,681 14,251 4.81 4.44 3.98 112 65,66 20 Delhi India 6,993 8,475 10,105 11,849 3.84 3.52 3.18 138 50,67 21 Shanghai China 6,698 6,873 7,194 7,540 0.52 0.91 0.94 78 85,87 22 Chicago United States 6,511 6,526 6,541 6,568 005 005 08 762 8,54 23 Karachi Pakistan 6,351 7,711 9,350 11,299 3.88 3.85 3.79 190 33,42 24 Lagos Nigeria 6,054 7,602 9,799 12,528 4.55 5.08 491 56 108,10 25 Beijing Taipei China 5,608 5,736 5,865 5,993 045 044 0.43 151 37,13 26 Taiwan 5,550 6,513 7,477 8,516 3.20 2.76 2.60 138 40,217 27 Lima Peru 5,447 6,578 7,853 9,241 3.77 354 3.26 120 45,392 28 Hong Kong Hong Kong 5,415 5,656 5,841 5,956 0.87 064 0.39 20 270,750 29 Istanbul Turkey 5,389 6,461 7,624 8,875 3.63 3.31 3.04 165 32,661 30 Bangkok Madras Thailand 4,998 5,791 6,657 7,587 2.95 2.79 2.62 102 49,000 31 India 4,983 5,743 6,550 7,384 2.84 2.63 2.40 115 43,330 32 Bogota Colombia 4,711 5,710 6,801 7,935 3.85 3.50 3.08 79 59,633 33 Santiago Chile 4,700 5,275 5,812 6,294 2.31 194 1.59 128 36,719 34 Milan Italy 4,635 4,738 4,795 4,839 0.44 0.24 0.18 344 13,474 35 Tianjin Leningrad China 4,622 4,804 5,041 5,298 0.77 0.96 0.99 49 94,327 36 Soviet Union 4,569 4,667 4,694 4,738 0.42 0.12 0.19 139 32,871 37 Nagoya Japan 4,452 4,736 5,017 5,303 1.24 1.15 111 307 14,502 38 Manchester United Kingdom 4,151 4,050 3,949 3,827 -0.49 -0.51 -0.63 357 11,627 39 Madrid Spain 4,137 4,451 4,772 5,104 1.46 139 1.35 66 62,682 40 Shenyang Philadelphia China 4,086 4,248 4,457 4,684 0.78 096 99 39 104,769 41 United States 4,025 4,007 3,988 3,979 -0.09 -O10 -0.05 471 8,546 42 Pusan South Korea 3,996 4,838 5,748 6,700 3.82 3.45 3.07 54 74,000 43 Barcelona Spain 3,842 4,163 4,492 4,834 1.60 1.52 1.47 87 44,161 44 San Francisco United States 3,790 3,958 4,104 4,214 87 0.72 0.53 428 8,855 45 Bangalore Lahore India 3,685 4,612 5,644 6,764 4.49 4 04 3.62 50 73,700 46 Pakistan 3,603 4,236 4,986 5,864 3.24 3.26 3.24 57 63,211 47 Sydney Australia 3,396 3,515 3,619 3,708 0.69 0.58 0.49 338 10.047 48 Baghdad Iraq 3,371 3,941 4,566 5,237 3.12 2.94 2.74 97 34,753 49 Dhaka Bangladesh 3,283 4,224 5,296 6,492 5.04 4.52 4.07 32 102,594 50 Athens Greece 3,252 3,468 3,670 3,866 1.29 1.13 1.04 116 28,034 52 Table 12. Population and Average Annual Rates of Growth for Cities With 2 Million or More Population in 1985, in Rank Order: 1985 to 2000 Continued Midyear populatii an (in thousands) Growth rate (percent) Density Rank Area (pop. per r 1995- (square square 1985 C'y Country 1985 3,250 1990 3,645 1995 4,064 2000 4,481 1985-90 2.29 1990-95 2.18 2000 1.95 miles) mile) 51 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam 31 104.839 52 Guangzhou China 3,248 3,330 3,485 3,652 0.50 91 0.94 79 41.114 53 Detroit United States 3,133 2,995 2,865 2,735 -0.90 -0.89 -0.93 468 6,694 54 Miami United States 3,123 3,421 3,679 3,894 1.82 1.45 1.14 448 6,971 55 Belo Honzonte Brazil 3,059 3,683 4,373 5,125 3.71 3.43 3.17 79 38,722 56 Wuhan China 3,048 3,169 3325 3,495 0.78 0.96 1.00 65 46,892 57 Ahmadabad India 3,037 3,595 4,200 4,837 3.37 3.11 2.82 32 94,906 58 Greater Berlin Germany 3,033 3,022 3,018 3,006 -0.07 -0.03 -0.08 274 11.069 59 Hyderabad India 3,022 3,563 4,149 4,765 3.29 3.05 2 77 88 34,341 60 Caracas Venezuela 2,993 3,188 3,338 3,435 1.26 0.92 0.57 54 55,426 61 Toronto Canada 2,972 3,108 3,296 3,296 0.89 1.17 00 154 19,299 62 Surabaya Indonesia 2,962 3,205 3,428 3,632 1.58 1.35 1.16 43 68,884 63 Rome Italy 2,944 3,021 3,079 3,129 0.52 0.38 32 69 42.667 64 Naples Italy 2,862 2,960 3,051 3,134 0.67 0.61 0.54 62 46,161 65 Melbourne Australia 2,852 2,907 2,946 2,968 038 0.27 0.15 307 8,722 66 Montreal Canada 2,827 2,896 2,996 3,071 0.48 0.68 0.49 164 17,238 67 Kinshasa Zaire 2,794 3,575 4,520 5,646 4.93 4.69 4.45 57 49,018 68 Guadalajara Mexico 2,746 3,262 3,839 4,451 3.44 3.26 2 96 78 35,205 69 Alexandria Egypt 2,660 2,899 3,114 3,304 1.72 1.43 1.18 35 76,000 70 Rangoon Singapore Burma 2,558 2,813 3,075 3,332 1.90 1.78 1.61 47 54,426 n Singapore 2,556 2,695 2,816 2,913 1.06 0.88 0.68 78 32,769 72 Porto Allegre Brazil 2,536 3,015 3,541 4,109 3.46 3 22 2 98 231 10,978 73 Harbin China 2,518 2,618 2,747 2,887 0.78 96 90 30 83,933 74 Casablanca Morocco 2,495 2,891 3,327 3,795 2.95 2.81 2.63 35 71,286 75 Kiev Soviet Union 2,489 2,751 2,983 3,237 2.00 1.62 1.63 62 40,145 76 Dallas United States 2,486 2,743 2.972 3,257 1.97 1.60 183 419 5,933 77 Boston United States 2,470 2,475 2,480 2,485 0.04 04 0.04 303 8,152 78 Washington United States 2,456 2,547 2,637 2,707 73 0.69 52 357 6,880 79 Monterrey Mexico 2,351 2,837 3,385 3,974 3.76 3.53 3.21 77 30,532 80 Ankara Turkey Hungary 2,338 2,782 3,263 3,777 348 3.19 2.93 55 42,509 81 Budapest 2,297 2,301 2,313 2,335 0.03 0.10 0.19 138 16,645 82 Chengdu China 2,260 2,349 2,465 2,591 0.77 0.96 1.00 25 90,400 83 Birmingham United Kingdom 2,211 2,170 2,130 2,078 -0.37 -0,37 -0.49 223 9.915 84 Houston United States 2,104 2,298 2,456 2,651 1.76 1.33 1.53 310 6,787 85 Bucharest Romania 2,095 2,150 2,214 2,271 0.52 0.59 51 .33 40,288 Note: For this table, cities are defined as population clusters of continuous built-up area with a population density of at least 5,000 persons per square mile. The boundary of the city was determined by examining detailed maps of each city in conjunction with the most recent official population statistics. Ex- claves of areas exceeding the minimum population density were added to the city if the intervening gap was less than one mile. To the extent practical, nonresidential areas such as parks, airports, industrial complexes, and water were excluded from the area reported for each city, thus making the population density reflective of the concentrations in the residential portions of the city. By using a consistent definition for the city, it is possible to make comparisons of the cities on the basis of total population, area, and population density. Political and administrative boundaries were disregarded in determining the population of the city Berlin includes both East and West Berlin, as well as population from East Germany. Detroit includes Windsor, Canada. The population of each city was projected based on the proportion each city was of its country total at the time of the last two censuses and projected country populations (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985). The areal expansion of the city was not projected, hence density figures are valid only for 1985. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985, unpublished work tables. 53 Table 13. Percent of Total Population Over Age 65 Years, for Selected Countries: 1985, 2005, and 2025 Country United States Japan Brazil Mexico India Indonesia Philippines China, Mainland 1985 2005 2025 12.0 13.1 195 100 16 5 20.3 4.3 5.8 9.3 3.5 46 7.7 4.3 61 9.7 3.5 56 8.7 3.4 4.2 7.5 5.3 7.7 12.9 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1984, Projections of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and Race: 1983 to 2080, Series P-25, No. 952, Washington, DC; and United Nations, 1986, Population Estimates and Projections from 1984 Assessment computer tape. 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