v. // Key to Meteorological Records Documentation No. 4.11 s ,Ov if Selective Guide to t Climatic Data Sou re WASHINGTON, D.C. DECEMBER 1979 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data And Information Service Key to Meteorological Records Documentation No. 4.11 Selective Guide to Climatic Data Sources Keith D. Butson and Warren L. Hatch National Climatic Center Asheville, N.C. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Richard A. Frank, Administrator Environmental Data And Information Service Thomas D. Potter, Acting Director INTRODUCTION This GUIDE is designed to assist potential users of climatological data by informing them of the availability of such data in published and unpublished form. It is arranged to indicate the publication(s) in which these data in their various climatological categories (temperature, precipitation, wind, atmospheric pressure, humidity, etc.), both surface and upper air, may be found. A brief review of the pertinent historical facts associated with each publication is given where appropriate. The various climatological tables, charts, and graphs included in each publication are listed, and in many cases abbreviated examples are shown. Most of the publications described in PART I are available on subscription from the National Climatic Center (NCC). Subscription rates for these publica- tions will be quoted upon request by the Director, National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. Subscriptions may be entered for a maximum of 3 years at the quoted rate. Copies of back issue publications are also available, but there is a minimum charge of $3.00 per order for shelf-stocked publications, if in print; copies of out-of-print issues can be made for a minimum charge of $5.00 per order (1979 prices). The name and address of the office from which subscriptions or copies of publications that are not distributed by NCC may be obtained are shown where appropriate. Several climatological atlases have been prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by agencies in the Department of Defense. The descriptions provide ordering information for these publications. All back issues of serial climatological publications and many one-time issues containing specialized climatic data have been placed on 4- by 6-in. microfiche. Future issues will also be filmed in order to maintain continuity and integrity in the microfiche file. In addition, some of the unpublished data compilations have been placed on 100-foot reels of 16mm film. Film copies of existing microforms, or paper copies of the publications or data compilations, can be provided as required. Generally, microfilm and microfiche copy costs much less than paper copy. If microforms are desired, contact NCC to determine the availability and cost of the desired materials. Although this GUIDE refers primarily to published climatological data, it should be noted that a wealth of unpublished climatological data and/or summaries is also available in the NCC files. PART V describes indexes to many of these materials . Most of the currently published and unpublished materials described in the GUIDE were prepared at NCC from digitized representations (magnetic tape) of the original records. Information about the content and format of these digital data files and how copies of them may be obtained is available from NCC upon request. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction iii Index vi PART I - CURRENT SERIAL PUBLICATIONS (Issue frequency) Climatological Data (monthly with annual summary) 1 Climatological Data for Amundsen-Scott, Antarctica (periodically) 8 Climatological Data for Arctic Stations (periodically) 10 Climatological Data, National Summary (monthly with annual summary) 11 Comparative Climatic Data (annually) 18 Daily Weather Maps, Weekly Series (weekly) 19 Environmental/Resource Assessment and Information (weekly) 21 Global Monitoring of the Environment for Selected Atmospheric Constituents (annually) 22 High Altitude Meteorological Data (quarterly) 24 Hourly Precipitation Data (monthly with annual summary) 28 Local Climatological Data (monthly with annual summary) 30 Mariners Weather Log (bimonthly) 36 Monthly Climatic Data for the World (monthly) 38 Monthly Summary, Solar Radiation Data (monthly) 39 River Forecasts Provided by the National Weather Service (annually) 42 Snow Cover Surveys (annually) 44 Storage-Gage Precipitation Data for Western United States (annually) 45 Storm Data (monthly) 46 Synoptic Weather Maps, Daily Series, Northern Hemisphere Sea-Level and 500-Millibar Charts and Data Tabulations (monthly) 47 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin (weekly) 49 PART II - MARINE PUBLICATIONS (including atlases) Marine Climatological Summaries 55 Mariners Worldwide Climatic Guide to Tropical Storms at Sea 58 Summary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations, (Area of the World) Coastal Marine Areas 59 Summary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations for Great Lakes Areas 64 Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1871-1977 65 U. S. Navy Marine Climatic Atlas of the World 69 PART III - DECENNIAL AND INTERMITTENT PUBLICATIONS Climatic Summary of the United States (1930 edition) 73 Climatic Summary of the United States - Supplement for 1931 through 1952 75 Climatic Summary of the United States - Supplement for 1951 through 1960 and Unpublished Data Tabulations 75 Climatography of the United States: No. 20 - Climate of (City) 80 No. 21 - Climatic Summaries of Resort Areas 84 No. 40 - Climatic Guide for (Area) 85 No. 60 - Climate of (Name of State) 87 No. 81 - Monthly Normals of Temperature, Precipitation and Heating and Cooling Degree Days, 1941-70 89 No. 82 - Summary of Hourly Observations 92 No. 84 - Daily Normals of Temperature and Heating and Cooling Degree Days, 1941-1970 (City) 97 No. 85 - Monthly Averages of Temperature and Precipitation for State Climatic Divisions, 1941-1970 (State) 98 No. 90 - Airport Climatological Summary 100 World Weather Records 105 PART IV - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS (including atlases) Average Circulation in the Troposphere over the Tropics 109 Ceiling - Visibility Climatological Study and Systems Enhancement Factors 110 Climates of the World Ill Climatic Atlas of the United States 112 Engineering Weather Data Manual 114 Historical Climatology Series 116 Input Data for Solar Systems 117 NOAA Atlas 2: Precipitation Frequency Atlas of the Western United States 118 NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-35: 5-to 60-Minute Precipitation Frequency for Eastern and Central United States 119 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) Page PART IV - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS (Including atlases) (Cont 'd) Selected Climatic Maps of the United States 120 State, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Temperatures Weighted by Area (January 1931-December 1977) 121 State, Regional, and National Monthly and Annual Total Precipitation Weighted by Area (January 1931-1977) 121 State, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal Cooling Degree Days Weighted by Population (January 1931-December 1977) 121 State, Regional, and National Monthly and Seasonal Heating Degree Days Weighted by Population (July 1931-June 1978) 121 U. S. Air Force Climatic Brief 122 U. S. Navy Station Climatic Summary 123 U. S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40, Rainfall Frequency Atlas of the United States 126 U. S. Weather Bureau Technical Papers 127 Worldwide Airfield Summaries 131 PART V - DATA CATALOGS AND INDEXES FGGE Data Catalogue 137 GATE Data Catalogue 137 Guide to Standard Weather Summaries and Climatic Services 137 Index of Historical Surface Weather Records for (State) 138 Index of Original Surface Weather Records (Hourly, Synoptic, and Autographic) 138 Index of Surface Marine Climatic Data Products 140 Index - Summarized Wind Data 140 International Field Year of the Great Lakes (IFYGL) Data Catalog: United States Archive 140 SOLMET, Volume 1 - Users Manual, Hourly Solar Radiation - Surface Meteorological Observations 142 SOLMET, Volume 2 - Final Report, Hourly Solar Radiation - Surface Meteorological Observations 142 STAR Tabulations Master List 142 INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Monthly Annual Long Period BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Station pressure for each hour Normal station pressure Average station pressure by hour of day 24-hour average station pressure Coded sea-level pressure at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere. . . . Coded 3-hourly pressure change and tendency at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere Irregular observations from ships in North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes during gale conditions - Irregular observations of pressure, temperature, density, and speed of sound at standard heights Average station pressure Average sea-level pressure Average pressure, temperature, density, and speed of sound at standard heights Highest sea-level pressure, and date Lowest sea-level pressure, and date Frequency of sea-level pressure at 2-mb intervals for 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 GMT for selected oceanic areas Tracks of high pressure and low pressure centers over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans and the United States from 25° West to 175° West longitude Frequency of sea-level pressure at 2-mb intervals for 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 GMT for selected oceanic areas Normal 3-hourly pressure tendency Normal monthly station pressure and pressure tendency Mean monthly and annual station pressure Mean monthly and annual sea-level pressure Mean monthly and annual pressure altitude Monthly mean sea-level pressure for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian Oceans Highest and lowest sea-level pressure Monthly and annual frequencies of pressures by 10-mb intervals at Antarctic and Arctic stations Monthly average pressure, temperature, density, and speed of sound at standard heights Monthly average height and density at constant pressure surfaces. . Seasonal charts of low pressure centers for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans. . . Seasonal patterns of pressure distribution for selected upper air levels Extreme heights and standard deviations at selected pressure levels 101 Page 30 127 30,31 31 48 48 37 25 ,31,33, 38,106 ,13,37, 38,106 26 37 37 55 11 55 127 127 33,87, 106,112 60,64, 85,106 ,115,118 69 8,85 27 127 70 127 129 CARBON DIOXIDE Daily Irregular flask samples 23 Hourly or 3-Hourly Daily CEILING, SKY CONDITION, OR SKY COVER Values for each hour Average of sky cover by hour of day Occurrences of ceiling and visibility by hour of day. Sky cover, sunrise to sunset Sky cover, midnight to midnight 30,32 30,31 32 31 30,31 vi INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) Daily Monthly Annual Long Period CEILING, SKY CONDITION, OR SKY COVER (CONT'D) 24-hour averages of sky cover Coded sky cover at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere Average sky cover, sunrise to sunset Average sky cover, midnight to midnight Frequency of total cloud amount (8ths) for selected oceanic areas . Number of days clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy Average sky cover, sunrise to sunset Frequency of total cloud amounts (8ths) for selected oceanic areas. Number of days clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy Mean monthly and annual number of days clear, partly cloudy and cloudy Mean monthly and annual sky cover, sunrise to sunset Mean monthly total cloud amounts, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans. . . Monthly and annual average cloudiness Monthly occurrences of ceiling-visibility combinations Percentage frequencies of ceiling-visibility combinations Percentage frequencies of sky cover by hour of day Percentage frequencies of selected ceiling heights Percentage frequencies of total cloud amount by wind direction, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas Percent frequency of ceiling heights, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas Percent frequency of ceiling-visibility combinations for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian Oceans Percentage frequencies of ceiling, visibility, and weather by wind direction Percentage frequency of total cloud amounts, by months, for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian Oceans Page 31 48 2,13,31,33 31,101 55 13,31,33 16,33 55 16,33 17,18,33,87 33,87,112 69 17,33,87,124 8,103,110, 124,133 8,59,64, 86,95,103, 124,132 8,95,133 86 59,64 60 69 104 69 DEW POINT Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Monthly Annual Long Period Daily Values for each hour Averages by hour of day 24-Hour averages Coded values at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere Values at standard pressure surfaces for 0000 and 1200 GMT, Northern Hemisphere Average Frequency of occurrence by 1°C intervals for oceanic areas. . . . Mean values at selected pressure surfaces Frequency of occurrence by 1°C intervals for oceanic areas. . . . Monthly and annual means Monthly means and distribution of, at synoptic hours Monthly maximum and minimum for North Atlantic, South Atlantic North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans Maximum persisting 12-hour 1000-mb values, monthly and of record. Means for standard pressure surfaces and selected heights . . . . EVAPORATION Totals with 24-hour wind movement near the ground Maximum and minimum pan water temperature vii 30,32 30,31 30,31 48 48 13,31,101 55 14,38 55 112,122, 124,132 86 69 112 109 INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) Monthly Annual Long Period Monthly Annual Long Period Annual Long Period Daily Weekly Monthly or Seasonal : Annual EVAPORATION (CONT'D) Totals, with wind movement near the ground Departure from mean Mean maximum and minimum pan water temperature Total, with wind movement near the ground Departure from mean Mean maximum and minimum pan water temperature Mean monthly and annual Pan and Lake evaporation, coefficients, and standard deviation . . • FLOODS Summary of river and flood conditions and events Flood stage data Summary of river and flood conditions and events Daily river stages, monthly and annual Highest river stages at National Weather Service gages FREEZE (FROST) DATA Dates of last freeze in spring and first in fall for threshold temperatures of 32°F, 28°F, 24°F, 20°F, and 16°F Dates of last killing freeze in spring, and first in fall for each year Length of growing season for each year Mean date of last 32 C F temperature in spring, first 32°F temperature in fall, and length of freeze-free period (days) Probabilities of later date in spring and earlier date in fall for threshold temperatures of 32°F, 28°F, 24°F, 20°F, and 16°F Probability of longer than indicated freeze-free period (days). . . . HEATING-DEGREE AND COOLING-DEGREE DAYS Totals Normals (1941-1970) Totals Departure from normal Totals Normals (1941-1970) . . . Totals weighted by population Totals Normals (1941-1970) Totals weighted by population . . . Page 3,5 5 3,5 5 5 5 78,127 112 11 11 11 43 43 •73,116 73,116 112 81 81 31 97 52 52 2,4,14,15, 31,33,34, 52,102,125 4,15,17,18, 33,87,90, 97,117 121 16,33,85, 102,125 17,18,33,83, 87,117 121 viii INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) Monthly Annual Long Period: HURRICANES AND TROPICAL CYCLONES Narrative summary on tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, and Central North Pacific with tracking charts Narrative summary on tropical cyclones of the world with tracking charts Narrative Summary on tropical cyclones of the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, and Central North Pacific with tracking charts 10-Day period tracking charts, June through November, North Atlantic tropical cyclones 1871-1977 Monthly frequencies of North Atlantic tropical cyclones 1871-1977 . . Monthly probability charts including statistics on direction, frequency, and average speed of 12-hourly movements for the world Frequency charts by season and/or 10- to 30-day intervals for the world Seasonal probability charts with statistics on direction, frequency, and average 12-hour movement for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian Oceans Annual tracking charts, North Atlantic tropical cyclones 1871-1977. . Page 11 36 11 68 67 58 58 69 66 OCEAN WAVES Daily : Selected wave observations (period, height, and direction) for the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans 37 Monthly Seasonal Long Period Daily Monthly Hourly Daily Weekly Percent frequency of wave heights, mean height, and extreme height with date of occurrence for United States Ocean Buoy observations. Frequency of occurrence of wave heights and periods for selected oceanic areas Percent frequency of wind speed and direction versus sea height, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas Percent of frequency of wave heights versus wave period, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas Percent frequency of wave direction, period, and height, monthly, for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans OZONE Totals Totals PRECIPITATION Totals for each hour Totals Total snow and sleet (ice pellets) Snow, sleet (ice pellets), and ice on ground Snowfall, snow on ground, and water equivalent Totals Departures from normal Snow, sleet (ice pellets), and ice on ground 37 55 60,64 60,64 70 11 11 29,31 3,28,31 3,31 3,31 3,44 51 51 49 ix INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) PRECIPITATION (CONT ' D ) Page Monthly or Seasonal : Annual Long Period Total amounts 2,4,13,28,29, 31,33,34,38, 52,73,75,76, 79,83,85,102, 106,116,125 Normals (1941-1970) 18,33,83, 87,89 Departures from normal 2,12,13, 31,38,52 Average amounts for State, Region, and Nation weighted by area 121 Chemistry 23 Greatest in 24 hours and date 2,29,31,33 Greatest and least monthly totals within a state, and stations at which they occurred 12,32 Maximum for specified durations of 15 minutes to 24 hours and date 29 Number of days with .01 inch or more 13,18,31 Number of days with 1 mm or more 38 Number of days with 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 inch or more 2 Number of days with trace, 0.01-0.09, 0.10-0.49, 0.50-0.99, 1.00-1.99, and 2.00 inches and over 2 Totals from storage gage stations 5,45 Total snow/sleet (ice pellets) 2,13,31,33, 34,45,76, 85,102,116 Greatest 24-hour fall of snow/sleet (ice pellets) and date 31,33 Total snow on ground and water equivalent 44 Greatest depth of snow, sleet, and ice on ground, and date 2,13,31 Number of days with snow/ sleet (ice pellets) 1.0 inch or more 2,31,33 Dates with hail, sleet, glaze, or rime 31,46 Irregular measurements of water equivalent of accumulated snowfall, and depth on ground, from storage-gage stations 5,45 Total amounts 4,16,29,33,34, 73,76,79,83, 85,102,106, 116,125 Average amounts for State, Region, and Nation weighted by area 121 Chemistry means 23 Greatest in 24 hours, and date 16,29,33 Maximum for specified durations of 15 minutes to 24 hours, and date 29 Excessive short-duration falls 12,16,73 Total snow/sleet (ice pellets) 16,31,34,76, 83,85,102,116 Greatest fall of snow/sleet (ice pellets) in 24 hours, and date 16,31 Number of days with snow/sleet (ice pellets) 1.0 inch or more 16,31 Monthly and annual totals 34,76,79,83, 106,116,125 Monthly and annual means 17,18,33,34,75, 76,79,81,87, 101,102,106, 111,112,116, 120,124,132 Monthly and annual means for State, Region, and Nation weighted by area 121 Mean monthly and annual, for state climatic divisions 99 Mean monthly and annual for selected stations 75,76,87 Mean total monthly by state climatic divisions 112 Maximum in 24 hours 17,33,101 Maximum falls, 5 minutes to 24 hours, and dates 85,87 Monthly and annual maximums in 24 hours 33,81,87,124 INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) Long Period PRECIPITATION (CONT'D) Page Maximum falls for 1,2,3,6,12, and 24 hours, and dates 127 Excessive falls 5 to 120 minutes 73 Mean number of days with 0.01 inch or more 17,33,73,87,101, 112,120,124 Mean number of days with 0.10 inch or more 76,81,87,101,132 Mean number of days with 0.50 inch or more 76,81,87,101,124 Frequency occurrence of specified amounts 95 Percentage frequency of precipitation and snow for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Percentage occurrence of wind direction versus occurrence of precipitation, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 59,64 Probabilities ^_-J— •— 82 Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency 85,118,119,126 Monthly and seasonal totals, snowfall 17,34,73,76, 83,85,112,116 Mean monthly and annual snow/sleet (ice pellets) 17,18,34,73,76, 81,87,101,112, 116,124,132 Maximum snow/sleet (ice pellets) in 24 hours 17,33,85,87, 101,124 Mean number of days snow/sleet (ice pellets) 1.0 inch or more 17,33,85,87,101 Mean number of days snow/sleet (ice pellets) 1.5 inches or more 132 Percentage chance of first and last snowfall 85 Percentage distribution of snowfall totals 85 RELATIVE HUMIDITY Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Monthly Annual Long Period Daily Monthly Values for each hour Average hourly values Occurrences of relative humidity-temperature-wind speed combinations 24-hour averages Values at standard pressure surfaces at 0000 and 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere Average and departure from normal • Mean values of 4 synoptic observations daily Average values at standard pressure surfaces • Mean values for each of 4 observations daily Mean monthly and annual values for each of 4 synoptic observations daily Mean January and July values (3 observations daily) for selected stations Mean monthly and annual Mean monthly, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans Mean, and distribution of, for synoptic hours Occurrences of relative humidity-temperature-wind speed combinations Percent frequencies by hour of day Percent frequency by hour, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas Percent frequency by 5° F temperature increments , monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas RIVER GAGE DATA River gage readings Highest and lowest readings, and dates 30,32 30,31 30 30 48 13,73 2,33 8 16,33 33,87,101 17 112,120,132 69 86 95 95 60,64 60,64 43 43 xi INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'Di) Long Period Weekly Monthly Daily Weekly Monthly Annual Hourly Daily Monthly Annual Long Period Daily Monthly Annual Long Period Hourly or 3-hourly Daily RIVER GAGE DATA (CONT'D) Page Highest river gage readings, and dates 43 SOIL MOISTURE Crop moisture index 21,49 Palmer drought index 49 SOIL TEMPERATURE Maximum, minimum, and at observation time for selected depths 3 Averages (charts) 49 Averages and extremes, for selected depths 3,5 Averages and extremes, for selected depths 5 SOLAR RADIATION Totals 39 Totals 11,39 (Intensities 15 Average of daily values . 11,39,86 Average of daily values 12,86 Monthly and annual averages 86,112,117 SUNSHINE Totals, hours/minutes 31 Percent of possible 31 Totals, hours /minutes . 17,31 Percent of possible 2,13,17,31, 33,73 Percent of long-term average 38 Totals, hours 17 Percent of possible 17,33,73 Monthly and annual average number of hours, percent of possible 73,112,127 Monthly and annual mean, percentage of possible 18,33,73, 87,112 TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AND UPPER AIR Dry- and wet-bulb for each hour 30,32 Averages of dry- and wet-bulb for each hour 30,31 Occurrences of temperature-relative humidity-wind speed combinations 8,30 Normals of maximum, minimum, and average (1941-1970) 97 Average and departure from normal 31 Maximum and minimum 3,20,31 24-hour averages of dry- and wet-bulb 30 Coded values at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 48 Irregular air and sea temperature values during gale conditions in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes 37 Irregular observations of temperature, pressure, density, and speed of sound at standard heights 25 xii INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AND UPPER AIR (CONT'D) Page Weekly Monthly Annual Long Period Average and departure from normal 51 Average 2,31,33,34, 38,52,73,77, 82,85,102, 106,116 Average for States, Regions, and Nation weighted by area 121 Normals of maximum, minimum and average (1941-1970) 18,33,87, 89,106,117 Average, and departure from normal 2,4,13,31, 52,73 Average maximum, average minimum 2,13,31, 33,73,82, 102,116 Maximum and date, minimum and date 2,13,31,33 Highest and lowest within state, date, and station 1,12 Frequency by 1°C increments for selected oceanic areas 55 Frequency of sea surface by 1°C increments for selected oceanic areas 55 Number of days maximum 90°F or above; 32°F or below 2,13,31,33 Number of days minimum 32 C F or below; 0°F or below 2,13,31,33 Mean values at standard pressure surfaces 8,14,38 Average air and sea temperatures at U. S. Ocean Buoys 37 Average temperature, pressure, density, and speed of sound at constant heights 26 Average 4,16,33,34, 73,82,85,102, 106,116 Average for States, Regions, and Nation weighted by area 121 Normal maximum, minimum and average (1941-1970) 33,87,89, 106,117 Average maximum, average minimum 16,33,34,82, 102,116 Maximum and date, minimum and date 5,16,33 Frequency by 1°C increments for selected oceanic areas 55 Frequency of sea surface by 1°C increments for selected oceanic areas .... 55 Number of days maximum 90°F or above; 32°F or below 16,33 Number of days minimum 32°F or below; 0°F or below 16,33 Dates of last spring minimum at or below 16°F, 20°F, 24°F, 28°F, and 32°F 5 Dates of first fall minimum at or below 16°F, 20°F, 24°F, 28°F, and 32°F 5 Number of days between last spring and first fall minimums 16°F, 20°F, 24°F, 28°F, and 32°F 5 Mean hourly, by months 85,104 Average daily highest and lowest 87,97 Highest and lowest of record for each day and year 85 Highest daily minimum, and lowest daily maximum, and dates 85 Averages and extremes of daily maximums and minimums at Antarctic and Arctic stations 8 Monthly means, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Monthly extremes and temperature-humidity index, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Monthly mean wet-bulb for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Monthly means, sea surface, for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Monthly and annual means 8,18,33,73,75, 76,81,87,97, 101,106, 112,116 Monthly and annual means for state climatic divisions 98 Monthly and annual means for States, Regions, and Nation weighted by area 121 xiii INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'p) TEMPERATURE, SURFACE AND UPPER AIR (CONT'D) Page Long Period Daily Monthly Long Period Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Monthly Annual Long Period Monthly and annual mean maximum, and mean minimum 18,33,73,75, 77,81,87,97, 101,102,111,112, 116,124,132 Highest and lowest, monthly and annual 77,101,111, 116,124,132 Record highest and lowest 17,18,33,73,75, 81,87,111 Mean number of days maximum 90°F or above 17,33,78,81, 87,112,120, 124,132 Mean number of days maximum 90°F, 65°F, 32°F or above 101 Mean number of days minimum 32°F or below, 0°F or below 17,18,33,81, 87,124,132 Mean number of days minimum 45°F, 32°F, C F or below 101 Mean date of first 32°F in fall, last in spring 112,115,120 Mean length of freeze-free period .... 112,120 Freeze probabilities 91 Means , extremes , and percentiles of air temperature , by hour, for coastal marine areas 60 Critical low temperature with means and extremes data, and length of seasons 85 Distribution of monthly average, average maximum, and average minimum 85 Mean, and distribution of, dry- and wet-bulb values 85,115 Occurrences of temperature-relative humidity-wind speed combinations 8,95 Percentage distribution of occurrences of dry-bulb versus wind speed 85 Percentage frequencies of temperature-relative humidity index 85 Average monthly temperatures, pressure, density, and speed of sound at constant heights 27 Monthly extremes and standard deviations at constant pressure surfaces 109,127,128 TURBIDITY (ATMOSPHERIC) Irregular average and minimum values 23 Monthly and/or annual mean 38,101,124 Monthly mean precipitable water (tables and graphs) 127 VISIBILITY Values for each hour 32 Occurrences of ceiling-visibility combinations 32 Occurrences of visibility by 16-point wind direction 32 Coded values at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 48 Irregular observations of visibility during gale conditions over the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes 37 Percentage frequencies of selected visibilities for oceanic areas 55 Percentage frequencies of selected visibilities for oceanic areas 55 Mean monthly visibility charts for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Mean number of days, by hour, monthly and annual with selected visibilities 104 Monthly occurrences of ceiling-visibility combinations at Antarctic and Arctic stations 8 xiv INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) VISIBILITY (CONT'D) Long Period Page Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Weekly Monthly Annual Long Period Hourly or 3-hourly Daily Monthly Percentage frequencies of ceiling-visibility combinations 8,86,95,103, 110,124, 132,133 Percentage frequencies of selected visibilities by hour for coastal marine areas 60,64 Percentage frequencies of wind direction versus wind speed with selected visibilities, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 60,64 WEATHER AND/OR OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISION Occurrences of selected weather types 32,46 Occurrences of selected weather types by 16-point wind directions 32 Coded weather at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 48 Occurrences of selected weather types that restricted visibility to 1/4 mile or less 31 Occurrences of thunderstorms or distant lightning 31,46 Irregular observations of current weather during gale conditions in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes 37 Summary of National Weather Conditions 21,50 Number of days with thunderstorms or heavy fog 13,31,33 Occurrences of severe storms and unusual weather phenomena 46 Summary of severe storms and unusual weather phenomena 14,46 Summary of National Weather Conditions 11 Frequency of specified weather elements for oceanic areas 55 Number of days with thunderstorms or heavy fog 16,33 Frequency of specified weather elements for oceanic areas 55 Mean monthly and annual number of days with thunderstorms or heavy fog 17,33,87, 101,115, 120,124 Mean number of days with specified weather elements 101,104 Percentage frequency of weather occurrence by wind direction, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 59,64 Statistics on tornadoes, waterspouts, and funnel clouds, including number of occurrences, deaths, injuries, and property damage, 1916-1978 11 WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED Values for each hour 30,32 Average hourly wind speed 30,31 Occurrences of wind speed by 16-point wind direction 30,32 Occurrences of wind speed-relative humidity-temperature combinations 30,32 Average hourly speed 31 Resultant direction and speed 31 Fastest mile and direction 31 Speed and direction at 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 48 Speed and direction at standard pressure surfaces at 0000 and 1200 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 8,48 Speed and direction at selected pressure levels at 0000, 0600 1200, and 1800 GMT for Northern Hemisphere 47 Irregular observations of direction and speed during gale conditions in the North Atlantic, North Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes 37 Average hourly speed 2,31,33,37,73 Resultant direction and speed 2,13,31,33 XV INDEX OF PUBLISHED CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA BY ELEMENT (CONT'D) WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED (CONT'D) Page Monthly : Percent frequency direction (8-points) versus speed groups. • 37 Fastest mile, direction, and date 2,13,31,33,49 Resultant speed and direction at standard pressure surfaces 14,38 Frequency of occurrence of Beaufort wind force and direction by 30 degree sectors for selected oceanic areas 55 Annual : Average hourly speed 16,33,73 Resultant direction and speed 16,33 Fastest mile, direction, and date 16,33 Frequency of occurrence of Beaufort wind force and direction by 30 degree sectors for selected oceanic areas 55 Long Period : Monthly and annual mean hourly speed 18,33,87,101, 104,112,115,124 Monthly and annual prevailing direction 33,73,87,101, 112,115,124 Fastest mile 17,18,33,73,87, 101,112,124 Number of days fastest mile exceeded specified limits . . 132 Annual wind rose 95,104,112,120 Surface wind roses for North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans 69 Occurrences of wind speed-temperature-relative humidity combinations 95 Percentage frequencies of wind speed by hour of day 59,64,95,104 Percentage frequencies of wind direction and speed, and mean speed 59,64,85, 95,104 Percent frequency of wind speed and direction versus sea height, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 60,64 Percentage frequency of total cloud amount by wind direction, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 59,64 Percentage frequency of wind direction versus occurrence of precipitation, monthly and annual, for coastal marine areas 59,64 Percentage frequency of wind direction versus wind speed with selected visibilities, monthly and annual for coastal marine areas 60,64 Occurrences of wind speed-temperature combinations at Antarctic and Arctic stations 8,10 Monthly occurrences of specified wind speeds by 16-point direction at Antarctic and Arctic stations 8,10 Derived estimates of some statistical parameters of wind distribution over the Northern Hemisphere 129 Mean vector winds, and standard vector deviations 109,135 Mean vertical vector wind shear, and standard deviations 109,135 Vertical wind profiles for selected stations 135 Zonal and meridional wind components, and standard deviations for standard pressure surfaces 109 xvi PARTI CURRENT SERIAL PUBLICATIONS PART II MARINE PUBLICATIONS PART III DECENNIAL AND INTERMITTENT PUBLICATIONS PART IV SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS PART V DATA CATALOGS AND INDEXES CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA This publication presents basic climatological data in its monthly and annual issues. It is published for each State or combination of States. The issues for combined States are: Hawaii-Pacific; Maryland-Delaware; New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont); and Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Pages 6 and 7 contain historical listings of these publications. This series was first published by the Weather Bureau in the late 1890»s as the CLIMATE AND CROP SERVICE OF THE WEATHER BUREAU. In February 1906, the title was changed to CLIMATOLOGICAL SERVICE OF THE WEATHER BUREAU. Beginning in July 1909, and continuing through December 1913, the monthly data were included as a part of the MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW, but were presented on a drainage district basis. The annual data, however, were not published under this title. Beginning with January 1914 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA has been published monthly and annually. A West Indies and Caribbean issue was published through 1952. It was resumed with January 1960 data and was published monthly and annually through 1967 when it was again terminated. The current monthly issue contains a temperature and precipitation extremes table (Exhibit 1), published since January 1958; a supplemental data table (Exhibit 2); a summarized station and divisional data table (Exhibit 3); a daily precipitation table (Exhibit 4); a daily temperature table (Exhibit 5); a daily snowfall and snow on ground table (Exhibit 6); evaporation and wind table (Exhibit 7); daily soil temperature (Exhibit 8); and a station index table (Exhibit 9). Monthly and seasonal heating-degree days (Exhibit 10) and monthly and seasonal snowfall (Exhibit 11) are published in the July issue only. The monthly and seasonal heating degree days were published in the June issue only from 1951 through 1961, and the monthly and seasonal snowfall in the June issue only from 1950 through 1961. When unusual or outstanding weather has occurred within the state during the month, a narrative summary of the events may be included. The June and December issues normally carry late reports and correc- tions. The annual issue of CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA presents tables as follows: monthly and annual average temperatures and departures from normal (Exhibit 12); monthly and annual total precipitation and departures from normal (Exhibit 13); temper- ature extremes and freeze data (Exhibit 14); monthly and annual total evaporation and wind movement (Exhibit 15); monthly and annual average and extreme soil temperatures at selected depths (Exhibit 16); precipitation measured in storage gages (Exhibit 17 - 1976-1977 data first published in the annual 1977 issue); and a station index (Exhibit 18). EXHIBIT 1 OREGON TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION EXTREMES HIGHEST TEMPERATURE: LOWEST TEMPERATURE: GRERTEST T0TRL PREC IP I TOT [ ON : LERST T0TRL PRECIPITATION: GREATEST 1 DAY PRECIPITATION: PELT0N DAM 109 DATE 25 CHEMULT 28 DATE 1 1 KENT 2.90 2 STATIONS • 00 HER0W0RKS PTL0 WTR BUR 1 .99 DATE 16 -1- EXHIBIT 2 SUPPLEMENTAL DRTR MIND RELATIVE HUMIDITY AVERAGES- NUMBER OF DATS WITH (SPEED - N.P.H. ) PERCENT PRECIPITATION r Z u. u u STANDARD OF TIME X z •- Z _l o u/ a. a tr > tx a a r ui r ae — 19 a tT 17 O a r a o a u. r o £ g o a h f! .*! B| | a. o « S. a E O a o o ° ME T0UUS 1 W MITCHELL 37.9 19.2 2B.6 60 5 -10 31 1122 6 30 2 1 .18 .70 5 2 31' 2 1 0CH0C0 RANGER STATION 32. S 7.6 20.1 - 8.0 45 5 -10 31 1387 10 31 7 1 .22 - 1 .46 .37 1 6 31 S 00 RANCH 34. SM 13. 9M 24. 2M 55 4 - 8 30> 1257 13 31 3 .57 • 18 21 4.9 3 21. 3 PAISLEY 4i .in 13. 6M 27. 4M - 5.5 56 4 1159 8 29 4 .18 - 1 .27 .1 1 5 1 .1 T 20- 1 PAUL INA 34.1 10.3 22.2 57 4 -15 30 1320 10 31 6 1 .63 .42 4 7.5 7 PELT0N DAM 43.8 21.3 32.6 60 4 31 996 4 27 1 .40 .21 4 2.0 2 31 1 PINE MTN OBSERVATORY 26.2 9.2 17.7 45 4 -18 31 1461 22 31 6 .82 .56 4 7.0 6 23- 2 1 P RANCH REFUGE 37. 8M IS.9M 26. 9M 55 4 -1 1 30 1163 10 29 1 .95 - .26 .42 17 9.0 7 17 2 PRINEVILLE 4 NW 38. 9 15.7 27.3 - 6.2 58 4 - 1 30 1163 5 29 2 .76 - .62 .35 2! 9.8 2 REDM0N0 2 H 38. 3M 17. 6M 28. 0M - 6-5 57 5 - 6 30 1133 7 29 2 .78 - .42 .46 5 2.6 1 31* 3 REDMOND FAA AP 36.7 14.8 25.8 - 7.6 60 4 -20 31 1208 8 31 3 .65 - .53 .43 4 3.6 2 31 2 SISTERS 40. 0M 16. 4M 28. 2M 50 3> 1130 8 27 4 1 .22 .56 4 2.0 4 I SPRAGUE RIVER 36. 8M 9.6M 23. 2M 54 4 -14 19 1289 8 31 9 .52 .14 5 4.0 2 20' 3 S0UAH BUTTE EXP STA 33.1 15-0 24.1 - 4 .4 53 5 - 7 30 1261 13 30 1 .55 - .93 .25 21 9.3 4 22. 3 SUNTEX 32. SM 11 -3M 21. 9M S3 4 -15 30 1330 17 31 5 .37 • 20 31 4.5 1 31- I VALLEY FALLS 3 SSE 33. 4M 15. 3M 24. 4M 45 25. -10 31 1247 II 29 2 .51 .32 9 2 WAGON TIRE 32.9 12.9 22.9 52 4 - 9 30 1296 14 31 5 .27 .10 4 10.0 4 21 1 HHITEHORSE RANCH 38. 8 IS. 2 27.0 52 5. -13 30 1170 7 29 4 .53 .15 5 5.5 3 17 3 DIVISION 25.5 - 6.2 .66 - 1 .06 5.0 NORTHEAST 08 AUSTIN 3 S 31 .3 4.1 17.7 46 5 -34 31. 1460 IS 31 13 2.10 - .72 • 52 5 17.0 15 18 5 I BAKER FAA AP 26.6 3.3 15.0 46 24 -39 30 1544 22 31 10 1 .16 .62 4 6.8 7 22* 2 1 BAKER KBKR 27.3 10.5 18.9 -10.5 46 24 -19 30 1425 21 31 5 .64 - .59 .23 17 6 10 4 COVE 33.3 15.6 24.6 47 24 -11 31* 1245 12 29 4 2.60 1 .20 4 9 17 6 2 1 ELGIN 33.3 " IS. 8 24.6 - 7.3 48 24 -16 30 1247 11 28 B 3.49 .14 1 .17 4 17.1 1 1 19. 5 3 1 ENTERPRISE 26-0 6.2 16.1 -10.6 43 24 -22 30 1SI0 19 31 9 1 .50 .38 .57 4 19.5 7 18 5 1 ENTERPRISE 20 NNE 32. 3M 1 1 .2M 21 .8M 47 24 -20 30 1331 14 31 6 2.07 .75 4 7.0 8 18 4 1 HALFWAY 27.1 4.1 15.6 -11 .9 46 24 -28 30 1524 22 31 15 2.92 - .32 1 .43 4 14 .0 16 23- 5 2 1 HUNTINGTON 34.0 16-3 25.2 - 7.1 45 24. - 5 30 1228 8 30 3 .78 -1.12 .30 17 6.3 6 19. 3 JOHN DAY 36. S 1S.1 25.8 51 5 -12 30 1210 7 31 4 1 .61 .68 5 1 1 .3 6 5 4 1 LA GRANDE 33.1 18.3 25.7 - 7.9 48 24 - 9 30 1210 10 29 3 2.71 .23 .59 4 6.5 5 12. 8 2 LONG CREEK 34.6 12.7 23.7 48 4 -15 30 1273 7 31 6 1 .48 .45 5 5 MASON DAM 30.5 8.3 19.4 44 24. -25 29 1407 18 31 7 1 .73 .60 4 1 1 .5 7 18 5 1 Ml NAM 7 NE MONUMENT 2 35. 7M 15. 3M 25. SM 50 25 -10 30 1217 9 29 4 2.01 .98 6 t 1 RICHLAND 35.7' 14.9 25. 3 45 5 -12 30 1222 8 31 2 2.48 .81 S 3.5 3 31- 5 2 SENECA 27.4 • 2 13.8 41 5. -41 30 1581 20 31 15 I .44 .60 5 21 .5 1 1 19. 3 1 UK1AH 31.0 5.5 18.3 45 25 -32 31* 1443 15 30 14 1 .99 - .28 .72 5 15.0 6 5 5 1 UNION EXP STA 32.3 17.6 2S.0 - 6.2 47 25 -10 31- 1233 10 30 3 1 .66 • 35 .90 5 6.7 6 18 i 1 UNITY 29. 1M 5.8M 17. SM 48 4 -23 30 1486 19 29 B 1 .09 - .23 7.1 6 22- HALLA WALLA 13 ESE WALLOWA 30. 3M I2.3M 21 .3M - 7.6 48 24. -14 29 1347 16 30 B 1 .96 - .29 .74 4 14 .0 11 19. 4 1 1 V 1 S I ON 21 .0 - 8.4 1 .67 - .45 1 1 .7 -2- EXHIBIT 4 DRILY PRECIPITATION STRTION (X f— DRY OF MONTH o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 SKI COASTAl. ABC A 01 ALSCA r H FALL COCE* AS TOO I A lAQ AP y/« BANOOtt 2 NNC SBOO^INOS CAPE BLANCO .73 .00 .36 .20 T T .01 .04 .02 T T .00 .04 T .36 .33 .06 .67 .02 .00 .02 T .00 .02 .04 T .22 .06 .02 .03 .01 • \ CLOVEROALE 1 HU C9QUILLC CITY DMA a W ELK.TW1 3 SU raicwEu 4 HE -06 .30 .87 .60 .76 .09 . 16 .00 . M .11 .16 .31 .21 .06 .01 .03 .06 .10 T .46 .06 .36 .26 .06 .12 .*7 .06 .03 EXHIBIT 5 DAILY TEMPERATURES OREGON JUL" STPT10N DRY OF MONTH o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 COUNTY UJ O cr z cr or a UJ o :d cr _j UJ o C3 z o z o cr >• UJ _i UJ OBSERVATION TIME AND TABLES OBSERVER a. E UJ 0- (J a. Q_ a -> -J f^ cr ir — o <_> z 0- £ en to ADEL ALKALI LAKE ALLEGANY 0036 0118 0126 07 07 01 LAKE LAKE COOS 5 5 1 42 11 42 58 43 25 1 19 54 120 00 124 02 4580 4332 35 5P 5P 5P 5P H C OR STATE HIGHWAY 0EPT STATE HIGHWAY 0EPT WEYERHAEUSER COMPANY EXHIBIT 10 MONTHLY AND SEASONAL HEATING DEGREE DAYS SEASON OF 1977 - 1978 OREGON STATION JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE TOTAL NORMALS JULY-JUNE M ■ ■ SOUTH CENTRAL 07 ADEL 33 31 194 726 896 529 597 151 ALKALI LAKE 646 659 181 ANDREWS WESTON MINE 22 37 185 379 741 883 967 835 581 615 454 1 10 5809 BARNES STATION 95 86 316 545 876 994 985 832 695 703 562 247 6936 BEN0 140 74 363 556 868 929 948 782 694 667 551 204 6776 71 17 EXHIBIT 11 TOTAL SN0NFALL AND NUMBER OF DAYS NITH ONE INCH OR MORE ON GROUND SEASON OF 1977 - 1978 OREGON STATION JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE TOTAL TOT«L PRECIPiroIIOK GIBBON SNOWFALL 1 IN ON GD 12.8 6 16.4 10 8.6 8 3.3 5.4 1 T T 46.5 25 28.78 HEPPNER SNOWFALL 1 IN ON GD 15 -0 7 6.0 8 7.0 7 1 .0 2.2 2 31 .2 24 17.00 EXHIBIT 12 AVERAGE TEMPERATURES AND DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL February April May September COASTAL AREA ASTORIA vfSn AP BANDON 2 N1E BROOKINGS CAPE BLANCn CLOVEROALE 1 Nw .0 59.4 .2 58.2 2.1 57.3 54.6 .1 59.7 60.9 59.3 59.6 58.1 58.5 59. 9« 57.1 59.7 54.3 55.9 58.8 53. 9H 56.9 41.7 43.4 49.2 - 4.8 - 4.6 - 2 44.9 42.8K 39.6 - 5 - 5.0 - 3 EXHIBIT 13 TOTAL PRECIPITATION AND DEPARTURES FROM NORMAL TABLE 2 ORE'.ON JANUARY FEBOUARr MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER ANNUM " 5 3 " 5 3 3 g s " 3 S | 5 U < LU < M J y < u < < U < a 2 a < a < 2 < a < y ' * u "■ U * " * u ' " * ° *■ " * ■ a ' *■ MADRAS ».4l LOf> .57 .67 .16 ?.?3 1.70 .43 - .61 .B6 - .24 .4d .1! 1.04 .70, .37 - .11 .00 - .80 1.04 - .37 .31 - 1.00 10.51; .32 MAURAS ? N 7.75 .93 .74 >.?6 .56 l.»4| 1.45 1.05 1.32 .85 • OC • 63 .53 13.41; MALHEUR RFF'IG* n u Q : l.'J .A/. .27 - .40 2.07 1.40 2.73 1.73 .44 - .74 .961- .14 .461 .32 .0! .85 .52 T - .77 .63 - .29 .38 ■ .62 : 11.55i 2.46 HAL IN 5 E »■»« .53 2.52 3.43 .40 T ,6C .43 .00 .97 .38 10.98 MET0LIU4 1 « 2.40 .64 .72 7,0b .56 1.95 .IT 1.11 •H .00 .92 £ .48 £ 11.65 -4- EXHIBIT 14 TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND FREEZE DATA NnRTHFRN CASCADES 04 B*IKN«P SPRINGS 8 N OtTRQtT DAM 100 8-8 5 12-31 NONE 90 8- 9 12 12-31* NONE Last spring minimum of 16° or below 20' or below Nome "ONE 24° or below 28° or below 32* or below OREGON 1 »7« First fall minimum of 32° or below 28° or below 2-13 24 4-24 26 5- 7 31 10-22 31 11- 5 26 11-11 19 11-11 19 U-1J U NONE 2-11 28 3- 2 32 ll-U 2,7 11-11 27 11-13 24 12-2' 20 12-30 12 24° or below 20° or below 16° or below Number of days between dates 271 193 161 273 23* EXHIBIT 15 Table 4 TOTAL EVAPORATION AND WIND MOVEMENT OREGON 1976 Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. Dec Annual 0*0 SOUTHEAST 09 MALHEUR BRANCH EXP STA EVAP - - - 0.278 7.66 8.83 11. 18 9.11 5.12 3.96 - - - DEP - - - .MS 1.69 1.09 l.tl 1.32 .38 1.69 - - - UINO - - - 19018 2127 1216 1958 1861 1582 1605 - - - MAX - - - 61.7 76. <* 87.1 89.1 86.1 73.5 61.2 - - - KIN - " " 11.7 45.7 51 .6 58.8 55. 1 19.3 39.6 EXHIBIT 16 SOIL TEMPERATURES -C a a January Febr uary March April May June July August September October November December Annual Station 0> > < 0) E « W ft Oi > < ft E w ft o> > < ft | w ft XT' a 2 > < a a ft M V > < s E ft W a rji a a < s s 9 UJ ft Hi «j S > < « i UJ 0> « e > < 9 E "k Ul 9 D» a > < E e 9 ■ > < 01 E S H 9 & a > < 9 E 9 Ul 9 0» ra > < 5 E • UJ 0) CP •0 > < E » UJ CORVALllS. 0SU ( IN) it 42.9 30 33 46,4 56 35 50.7 67 38 53.6 70 38 58.6 84 45 71.2 95 50 75.6 97 59 73.3 97 56 63.8 84 52 57.8 76 40 41.3 36 32 38.7 49 30 56.1 97 30 4 42.8 ♦ 8 35 45.9 52 37 49.7 61 39 52.9 63 45 57.0 75 48 68.9 86 56 73.7 90 »2 71.9 90 58 62.5 76 54 57.3 69 44 41.9 53 35 39.5 48 33 55.3 90 3' 8 41.8 46 36 44.6 49 39 48.1 55 42 51.3 58 47 55.7 67 49 66.6 76 57 71.3 81 43 69.8 82 58 61.2 71 55 56.3 63 46 42.0 31 36 39.0 45 34 54.0 82 34 EXHIBIT 17 PRECIPITATION MEASURED IN STORAGE GAGES ARIZONA 1976-1077 Obser - Amount Snow on Station vation since data lastobs. ground MORMON MOUNTAIN 1976 Sep 30 Oct 20 Nov 3 Dec 2 27 .42 .92 .36 .00 Obser- Amount Snow on Station vation since data last oba. ground MORMON MOUNTAIN-Cont'd 1977 Jan 31 .65 13 Fab 14 .36 10 28 1.19 12 Mar K .10 5 31 1.45 1 Station Obsar - vation date Amount since lastobs. Snow on ground MORMON MOUNTAIN-Cont'd 1977 May 26 Jul 14 29 Sep 14 Oct 27 4.15 2.22 1.68 2.50 3. SO EXHIBIT 18 STATION INDEX 0REGUN 1978 Station O 2 X 3 C d 2 c o 1 > s County +— 1- OJ CD a Q OJ 3 "rS .-J Longitude C o p> 53 Years of record Opened or closed during yr. Refer to tables 4) ci 'o >-. Oh a ro > u c ci O 0) * o O O 2o eugenf wsn ap r FAIRVItW 4 NE FALLS CITY 2 FERN RIDCfE DAM 2709 277} 280} 2867 02 01 01 02 LAME COOS POLK LANE 14 1 14 14 44 07 43 15 44 51 44 07 123 13 124 02 123 26 123 18 364 195 440 386 39 17 34 39 3 17 34 35 1 2 3 c 2 1 2 3 1 2 34C -5- CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII & PACIFIC IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MARYLAND- DELAWARE MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW ENGLAND NEW JERSEY - Monthly, October 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, January 1917 to date; Annual, 1915 to date. - Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, May 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, April 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, January 1905 to date. Annual, 1905 to date. Note: Hawaii & Pacific were combined January 1973. - Monthly, September 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. - Monthly, December 1894 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1894 to date. - Monthly, August 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, January 1895 through December 1910; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1895 to date. - Monthly, October 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. - Monthly, August 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, June 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, January 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, July 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, April 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, January 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, September 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. - Monthly, August 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont ) Monthly, January 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. - Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. -6- CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA (Cont'd) NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PACIFIC PENNSYLVANIA SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING PUERTO RICO & VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST INDIES & CARIBBEAN Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. Monthly, June 1889 through June 1909; January 191 A to date. Annual, 1897 to date. Monthly, September 1896 through May 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, May 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Also includes Indian Territories. Monthly, January 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, January 1956 through December 1972. Annual, 1956 through 1972. Combined with Hawaii January 1973. Monthly, March 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, October 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Monthly, October 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Monthly, May 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, October 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, November 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Monthly, September 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1896 to date. Monthly, June 1897 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual 1897 to date. Monthly, October 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Monthly, May 1896 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1897 to date. Monthly, October 1898 through June 1909; January 1914 to date. Annual, 1898 to date. Monthly, May 1899 through December 1920; January 1955 to date. Annual, 1901 through 1920; 1955 to date. Some data from January 1921 through December 1952 are contained in the West Indies and Caribbean publication. Data from January 1953 through December 1954 not published. Monthly, January 1921 through December 1952; January 1960 through December 1967; Annuals 1921 through 1952 and 1960 through 1967. -7- CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR AMUNDSEN-SCOTT, ANTARCTICA This publication was initially prepared under the current title with data for January 1971 through December 1972. It is a continuation of the series CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR ANTARCTIC STATIONS that began with publication of data for the International Geophysical Year, July 1957 through December 1958. There are 14 volumes in this series as of mid-1979. Antarctic stations and the volumes in which their data appear are: Amundsen-Scott, Volumes 1-14 Little America V, Volumes 1-2 Byrd, Volumes 1-11 Plateau, Volumes 1-7 Eights, Volume 8 USNS Eltanin, Volumes 9-10 Ellsworth, Volumes 1-5 Wilkes, Volumes 1-6 Hallett, Volumes 1-7 Tabular data presented in this publication include the following: Monthly and annual percentiles and extremes, for each year, of station pressure and station temperature. Percent of days, for each month and year, with various atmospheric phenomena. Peak wind speed (knots) and direction for each day of each year. Percent frequency of sky cover, and mean cloud amount, for the hours 00, 06, 12, and 18 GMT for each month. Percent frequency of visibility (statute miles) for the hours 00, 06, 12, and 18 GMT for each month. Percent frequency of various ceiling-visibility combinations for each month and year. Percent frequency of various temperature-wind speed combinations for each month. Percent frequency of wind direction versus wind speed and hour for each month. Mean rawinsonde data for 00 and 12 GMT for each month. A complete listing of standard level data (height, temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed) for each rawinsonde observation taken at 00 and 12 GMT. -8- This publication is prepared and published periodically and is available from the National Climatic Center. Volumes published through 1978 cover the following periods: 1. July 1957 through December 1958 2. January through December 1959 plus all data prior to the International Geophysical Year (July 1957 through December 1958). 3. January through December 1960 4. January through December 1961 5. January through December 1962 plus late data for 1961 6. January through December 1963 plus rawinsonde data for 1957 through 1960 not available at the time of prior publications for Little America, Amundsen-Scott, Byrd , Ellsworth, Hallett, and Wilkes. 7. January through December 1964 8. January through December 1965 plus additional rawinsonde data for 1962 and 1963. 9. January through December 1966 10. January 1967 through December 1968 11. January 1969 through December 1970 12. January 1971 through December 1972 13. January 1973 through December 1973 14. January 1974 through December 1975, plus a climatological data summary of surface data collected at Amundsen-Scott over the period 1957 through 1975. -9- CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR ARCTIC STATIONS This three volume series of publications presents summarized meteorological observations for Arctic Stations. Issue Number 1 contains data for the International Geophysical Year July 1957 through December 1958; data for two stations Drifting Station A and Drifting Station B — are summarized in this publication. Issues Number 2 - Volume T-3 (Ice Island) and Number 3 contain data from June 1966 through May 1968 and January 1968 through April 1971 respectively for Ice Island T-3. Tabular data presented in these issues are: Average and extreme maximum and minimum daily temperatures (°F). Average air temperature (°F). Frequency of pressure by 10 millibar intervals. Station pressure (mb). Number of observations with occurrences of weather. Days with rain, days with snow, rain amount (in), and snowfall (in). Temperature and wind speed (°F and knots). Three-hourly observations of wind speed (knots). Ceiling-visibility (feet and miles). Total cloud amount. Rawinsonde data. -10- CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA NATIONAL SUMMARY This publication, issued monthly and annually, contains selected climato- logical data on a national basis. It began with the January 1950 issue, but prior to that, much of the data appeared in the MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW, the U.S. METEOROLOGICAL YEARBOOK (last published for the period 1943-49), and THE REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE WEATHER BUREAU (last published for 1934). The monthly issue presents narrative summaries of general weather conditions and special reports on tropical cyclones. Also included are tables of observed extremes of temperature and precipitation for each State (entitled Condensed Climatological Summary through December 1968) together with the locations at which they occurred (Exhibit 19); basic climatological data (in metric units) for selected stations (Exhibit 20); heating-degree days (monthly totals and seasonal and normal totals to date) for selected stations (Exhibit 21); cooling-degree days (monthly totals and seasonal and normal totals to date) for selected stations (Exhibit 22); storm summary (Exhibit 23); rawinsonde data for standard pressure surfaces (Exhibit 24); and solar radiation intensities and net radiation (Exhibit 25). Monthly and seasonal heating-degree day data (Exhibit 26) and monthly and seasonal cooling-degree day data (Exhibit 27) are presented in only the June and December issues respectively. Charts published in the monthly issue include normal daily average temperature (°F, 1930-70), temperature departure from 19-year mean (°F, 1930-70), total precipitation (inches), percentage of normal precipitation, tracks of centers of anticyclones at sea level, and tracks of centers of cyclones at sea level. The annual issue presents narrative summaries of general weather conditions, tornadoes, and of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, Central North Pacific, and Western North Pacific Oceans. Included are charts of the tornado and tropical cyclone tracks, and related tables. Additional tables include those on basic climatological data for the year in metric units (Exhibit 28); maximum short duration precipitation (Exhibit 29); sunshine amount and percent of possible (Exhibit 30); and normals, means, and extremes (Exhibit 31). Additional charts depict departure from normal for annual temperatures (°F), total annual precipitation (inches), and percentage of normal annual precipi- tation. The following listed narrative summaries, tabular summaries, and charts have been included in previous monthly and annual issues of this publication: Monthly Narrative Summaries - (1) General summary of river and flood conditions — January 1950 through December 1972, and (2) General summary of national flood events — January 1953 through December 1977; Annual Narrative Summaries - (1) General summary of river and flood conditions — 1950 through 1972, (2) General summary of national flood events — 1953 through 1977, and (3) General summary of flood losses — 1950 through 1975; Monthly Tabular Data - (1) Flood stage data — January 1950 through December 1977, (2) Solar radiation totals — January 1950 through August 1972 (these data are considered questionable and should be used with caution) and July 1975 through December 1976, (3) Total ozone data — August 1959 through December 1972 (these data are published currently in "Ozone Data for the World" by The World Ozone Data Center, Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4), (4) Pilot balloon data — January 1950 through December 1955, (5) Radiosonde data — January 1950 through December 1955, (6) Rawin data — January 1950 through April 1956, (7) Severe storms — January 1950 through December 1953, (8) Storm data and unusual phenomena — January 1954 through December 1958, and (9) Solar ultra-violet radiation data — December 1967 through February 1974; Annual Tabular -11- Data - (1) Solar radiation totals (1950 through 1971, which are considered questionable; 1975 through 1976), (2) Pilot balloon data (1950 through 1955), (3) Rawinsonde data (1950 through 1955), (4) Radiosonde data (1950 through 1955), (5) Excessive short duration rainfall (1950 through 1972), (6) Average temperature- departures from normal by state (1950 through 1955), (7) Average precipitation-percent of normal precipitation by state (1950 through 1955), (8) Total evaporation and wind movement (1950 through 1952), and (9) Rawinsonde data (1956 through 1959); Monthly Charts - (1) Average temperature (°F) at surface-January 1950 through March 1956, (2) Departure of precipitation from normal (inches) -January 1950 through July 1960, (3) Total snowfall (inches) -January 1950 through April 1972, (4) Percentage of normal (mean) monthly snowfall- January 1950 through April 1972, (5) Depth of snow on ground (inches) -January 1950 through April 1972, (6) Percentage of sky cover between sunrise and sunset-January 1950 through July 1960, (7) Percentage of normal (mean) sky cover between sunrise and sunset-January 1950 through July 1960, (8) Percentage of possible sunshine-January 1950 through June 1972, (9) Percentage of normal (mean) monthly sunshine-January 1950 through June 1972, (10) Average daily values of solar radiation, langleys-January 1950 through June 1972, (11) Percentage of mean daily solar radiation-January 1950 through June 1972, (12) Average sea level pressure (mb) and surface windroses , and departure of average pressure (mb) from normal-January 1950 through December 1963, (13) Average sea level pressure (mb) and resultant wind, and departure of average pressure (mb) from normal-January 1964 through June 1972, (14) 850- , 700- , 500- and 300-millibar , (1200 GMT) charts of average height and temperature, and resultant winds-January 1950 through June 1972 (these charts were 0300 GMT through May 1957), (15) 200- and 100-millibar (1200 GMT) charts of average height and temperature, and resultant winds-June 1956 through June 1972 (0300 GMT through May 1957), and (16) 50- and 30-millibar (1200 GMT) charts of resultant winds-January 1961 through June 1972. The data on the charts identified in items 10 and 11 above are considered questionable. EXHIBIT 19 OBSERVED EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION -- BY STATES DECEMBER 1978 Temperature Precipitation STATE Monthly extremes Monthly extremes Station S -a 2 • a Station % s Station Greatest Station Least °F "F In. In. Alabama 2 Stations 84 8+ Hamilton 3 S 11 10 Scottsboro 9.02 Clayton 1.61 Alaska Palmer IAS 50 9 Allakaket -57 22+ Little Port Walter 29.14 Lonely T Arizona 2 Stations 79 14+ Fort Valley -30 8 Palisade Ranger Station 11.74 Wupatki Natl Monument .44 Arkansas Crossett 2 SSE 81 8 3 Stations 8 11+ Beedeville 11.99 Siloam Springs 1.17 California 4 Stations 80 13+ 2 Stations -22 31+ White Mountain 2 13.60 2 Stations .00 Colorado Holly 69 20 May be 11 -50 8 Wolf Creek Pass 1 E 14.82 Doherty Ranch .13 Connecticut Dan bury 68 4 Falls Village - 2 29 Groton 6.05 Falls Village 3.14 Delaware 2 Stations 74 8 Wilmington WSO AP 13 29 Wilmgton Porter Reservoir 5.69 Bridgeville 1 NW 4.11 Florida Tamiami Trl 40 Mi Bend 95 8 Smith Creek 20 18 Fort Pierce 7.25 Key West WSO AP .43 Georgia Folkston 9 SW 86 8 Blairsville Exp. Station 11 15 Ellijay 8.93 Brunswick FAA AP .65 Hawaii Puukohola Heiau 98.1 90 18+ Mauna Kea Obs 111.2 18 20 Pauoa Flats 78.4 17.76 Waikolu 540, Molokal .00 Idaho 2 Stations 65 4 Stanley -49 30+ Powell 6.13 Bruneau .25 Illinois Waterloo 68 21 Morrison -17 10 Cairo WSO CI 11.31 Stockton 1 N 1.27 Indiana Saint Meinrad 65 20 Ogden Dunes - 8 10 English 7.62 Noblesville 1.89 Iowa Creston 52 18 Sioux City WSO AP -19 8 Clinton 1 3.87 Shenandoah 1 NE .08 Kansas 2 Stations 75 20+ Saint Francis -15 8 Le Roy 1.94 Ceneseo T Kentucky Baxter 72 9 Covington WSO AP 8 10 Jamestown 17.64 Warsaw Markland Dam 5.87 Louisiana New Roads 5 ESE 85 8 Plain Dealing 14 11+ Monroe NLU 10.29 Denham Springs 1.44 Maine Portland WSO AP 53 6 Van Buren 2 -23 12 Sanford 2 NNW 5.09 Bangor FAA AP 1.74 Maryland 4 Stations 74 9+ Oakland 1 SE 3 28 Mc Henry 2 NW 8.42 Crisfield Somers Cove 2.81 Massachusetts Hingham 63 4 Chester 2 - 6 30 Ashfield 5.27 Great Barrington AP 2.89 Michigan 2 Stations 55 4+ 2 Stations -20 7 Whitefish Point D6.68 Nottawa 3 SE .80 Minnesota 4 Stations 43 16+ 3 Stations -38 31 Cokato D 1.70 Fergus Falls .20 Mississippi 5 Stations 84 8+ 3 Stations 12 28+ Batesville 2 SW 12.71 Tylertown 2 WNW 3.10 Missouri Grovespring 76 20 Kirksville Radio KIRX - 5 10 Caruthersville 12.05 Trenton .27 Montana 3 Stations 50 11, Elk Park -51 29 Lindbergh Lake 5.74 Trident .08 Nebraska Benkelman 57 i Agate 3 E -31 8 Halsey 2 W 1.83 3 Stations .05 Nevada Searchlight 66 16 Mountain City Ranger Stn. -27 30 Mount Rose Bowl 2.44 Leonard Creek Ranch .04 New Hampshire 2 Stations 54 5 Mount Washington -22 19 Mount Washington 6.82 Monroe 5 NNE 1.98 New Jersey Chatsworth 74 8 Sussex 1 SE 3 30+ Moorestown 6.42 Atlantic City WSO AP 3.52 -12- EXHIBIT 20 s < •J i o E- o autijtuni ajqitsoj je ■o r~ trt -O im •^ *- r- o O- CT- O- O *t 4) — O 4 O C *D 0> 0^ o- r- (issuns oi ocijuns) '.L|lUd| 'J0AO3 X)|9 -O T- O eo Hi if\ tr» 4 m ivcm mm — * -<^mm »^ rj — t 4m >L o 111 z * Ol-9'XpnoQ O -* IM m «M *IM £-p 'Apnop X|*4Dd r- ^*a> o r- m ■* -• nia m *r^ m r- •* -•*+ -••* -o « m * f- n ■ *" -< " n::: - *"* -* GO '*»D r- o* 4 o cm o -* o on m«\o4iMONO om--* N««NO fNJ «M ry fNJ fM w nm ia 4 r- 4 + & ■* 44 NN «M •* -• -«-**J — — C £ — 9|OQ im m ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ fNI (%J rvj — . 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NAN (M«ooo*-*-*mo04m-*-*oo tit r* — •- •* n a 4 «\ 4 •# ♦ •♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ OffN^r-^BKe^rnTowiMK-jONf-o M «M «M IM IM -* rM-*(M'4-«(M * ♦ « 4 m « m s> o 0* 4- + ISOMOI u m O 4 o of^oc>-«»*im«o i »floomoo*Mf^-ogc or^o*<«» -O » O eo ift tf\gOlrtlA"-»fnm»Mm*MOmoi'M^OOO-^0'»m i r I kii ««*MMH*«IOMMCOM>0 •40a + a- a> 4 o- m 4 4- m 4 C *4 « «> * in -gp»P-*Cf*'f«m-** P- * O O O O 1 r-m44m4P--^»A'0'0m.6>AtP-»^ f ill s6oj0Ay u -t m m r- iflNflO^ffl'li'iOmi A^HNCD riatn* •'• , O « «s# o> m «m co -j j- « O «A OmO'^lO-'^i-'— N il -1 Ml m « m r- « **■# OOh-^KIONO^Nff-Offl 0^0^*00 *3-44m4-«0* iM*>r-4-«»-*«»4 uinujiujUi e6oj9Ay u ir « r- cu » O- «v — o-c o>c nc f k tt.<.#r , *r-tt*iNjff''«--«\i-*r-tn • • m ir\ o 4 r- €> m o m « COO UinUijXDUJ »B0J9Ay u OCNN ^^mof-gfp- -«»«'*N»'0#NMn-t oco^r rsi O aj o r- r- ^«o 4 -• fM«o*n«(MAt-4 «(sm«mgr'g>mo> oommmfM 4 «m«mr- ■* cNtrnnov 3 |9A9| D»$ a c c c c n — 1*1 j-\ j% j-i rsj o > e r. c ^ t N!«t ^ *-*-*)-• rf\"M £> - -» -O ^ m 3- ^-» C CCCC CC ccccccc cc 4 m rg> r- o o -• o CCCC o « c c m ai 444 «*>-m444r- C C CCC CCCCCCC UOjlOlS A a «r>. 4 <* c o* o* o o c* «MMh9 mm ^ -^-*oeo -^O* ^_«-«^-«oo -<^- f> CCOff" Ofr OOOOOOO OO O 4 M -* r-M«\ o o o « o p- -^ 0> f- o> o » o «o*-* 40>» m» «IM\N« «mo AiAic m«-«mmf« > « »r-m 0-^-^ o*-^o-*o-«-^ » «c «t> OOO *oco«oo (punojfi) uoj|DA*|j a « 0> 4> m mm riAVCNnhH • -^ o o -* m m ■ » •% — m r- 4 m po « 4 *> — m«r> O r — ■" «-- j: — O •* •* J 1 3 -a _J ft •J I -1 UJ fr> o — T ■i ' ■"Mi 4 3C t- <— 1- — 30 O CO ± X i. c O 4 z _* 4 S VI -» o — »- *0 — ^ > v _i uj 1 J7U. (fl«u/ i^_1474 4 D»- 0»-_» 1- jOH-a-uw ja a>O»MOlU * -* o _> uZVtfl-t-O J-JtZZOk X >J4 JV 4 3£M^X^t/t»-o>>- 4 z - OU. IM 4 K JI — •- -*z o aiiAZa j 4UltlMM4 41 OO Z X -•x n— O u o m V) M 4 X UU* •At- O _» Z— Of »- 4 r - H K1 !*-• ot _* -» CK »- • O — = 4 c •«• t_» u « _i O) Xitiui O or — — Cm > «j _i _> <: m. »- (^ v «.' u- ™ -• "> 4 wtuk U.ZOOZZ — li 4 U'C V i" ■■ -u. ■ ul « -JtSI(fc04C>tf>X 2 4] «. -11 1»"« or < j: .1 *Z 44X40)4000.0. uui X utuiviO 1/1 -j at O v^ia-jjrw-iu- «cotzzz 4XJ3KUODK4W44444 a (t*t -13- EXHIBIT 21 HEATING DEGREE DAYS (Base 65 °F.) DECEMBER 1»77 Current Current Current season £ c season c season o £ § £ E £ i £ E £ e E State and Station £ I E t- I |l J3 •£ 1 £ 1 1 Z o £ State and Station £ c o E t 1 3* if £ £ ■3 | 1 i z g £ 3 State and Station c 1 o E 3 » TJ * ■2 o ££ 3 * I * z 8 £ > 3 State and Station £ s E if 11 1 * 1 * £ "5 ALABAMA 11«» IDAHO BOISE 853 2158 2321 NEBRASKA GRAND ISLAND 1185 2381 2457 TENNESSEE BRISTOL 913 1746 1711 721 1308 1312 LEWISTON 868 2250 2221 LINCOLN 1230 2478 2361 CHATTANOOGA 753 1350 1412 1388 1263 HUH lit 439 479 661 730 635 911 P0CATEIL0 990 2*96 27B7 NORFOLK NORTH PLATTE 1318 1236 2673 2695 2663 2643 KNOXVILLE MEMPHIS 764 640 1383 1076 ILLINOIS OMAHA 1196 23*0 2275 NASHVILLE 813 1496 l*5l EXHIBIT 22 COOLING DEGREE DAYS (Base 65°F.) JUNB 1V78 State and station ALABAMA BIRMINGHAM HUNTSVILLE MOBILE MONTGOMERY ALASKA ANCHnRAGe ANNETTE BARROW BARTER ISLAND Current season <££ 5*4 S«3 ""2 A g 669 604 ">89 »01 State and station HAWAII HILO HONOLULU KAHULUI LIHUE [OAHO Boise lewHton POCATElLO Current season u ■o o l»8l 2062 2026 1672 71 112 28 1321 175B 1567 1533 108 102 49 State and station NEBRASKA GRAND ISLAND LINCOLN NORFOLK NORTH PLATTE OMAHA OMAHA (NORTH) SCOTTSBLUFF VALENTINE NEVADA Current season 2»3 230 2*4 174 2"7 2«2 IPO 163 J3 <££ 350 288 304 196 366 317 2U 190 l| 265 313 232 191 332 254 13« 152 State and station SOUTH CAROLINA CHARLESTON CHARLESTON U COLUMBIA GRNVLLE.SPRTNBRG SOUTH DAKOTA ABEROEEN HURON RAPID CITY SnUX FALLS Current season 77J 898 5»e *»i 121 1*0 108 165 J=!;g 730 • 33 733 520 120 160 129 179 EXHIBIT 23 STORM SUMMARY TORNADOES HAILSTORMS WINDSTORMS LIGHTNING @HEAVY SNOWSTORMS AND BLIZZARDS # ICE STORMS e ALL OTHER a. m m 2 D 2 in > < a Ui I \- < LU o in LU a. Z LU < 5 < O I < Ui O V) LU or ■D z +DAMAGE W I t- < LU o in LU 5 Z tDAMAGE I 1- < LU D in LU a r> z tDAMAGE 10 I < LU a LU tt. D Z tDAMAGE Ui I 1- < a LU EC D Z tDAMAGE w I < LU a Ui LU cr z tDAMAGE STATE i> klt: Q.LU CO EL o cc u oL> Ol- tt.cz. B-UI 10 Q- o a: o cl> Ltor. CLLU CO a. C CO u OH aro: CLLU Ui a. O cc o CL> Lta: O-LU OL O CC CL> OH cccr Cv LU co a. O CC O Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California * 3 6 3 5 4 4 3 1 3 5 5 5 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 4 4 EXHIBIT 24 RAWINSONDE DATA Average monthly value* JUNE 1978 • CARIBOU. M| CfNTPEVILLE, al CHARLESTON, SC CHATHAM, MA CHI HUAHUA . "EMCU 989 MB iooi MB 1017 MB 1014 MB 859 MB r Resultant c Resultant a Resultant .,. Resultant r Re sultant ij x\ *■ Wind - * Wind .2 O *■ Wind ■2 X O - Wind 2 « O «- Wind s t si 6 Z bo O M> V O | 6 z O > .5? > bo . -O C Si 1 1 fi B £ >. tt a e 3 « a | c '0 a. 1 a Tj ° as d E V a. EQ Si Z Is 3 « a E e '0 a. * a ■S »- c b * a. 6 ■0 o* CO i » B £ Q E ■3 O. | P. i a d e ■v 0. Ui J3 z Si 1! 3 a. 1 B a. s Q c-o Z >- c d E •a p. Z £ 2 B ~ >» » a e 3 Q. E 5 a. S Q z ° ■- c q2 d E -o 0. CO SRC •0 191 12.1 9.6 ii 1.3 3() 140 20.7 19.6 r>4 1.1 30 13 21.9 20.4 30 ,3 30 a? 15.3 18.9 ?5 2.3 10 1.426 19.7 8.6 17 .4 1600 20 166 11. A 19.3 03 1.5 Jo 159 23.2 20.7 n t 4 30 15.3 11.3 23 3.7 990 • »3l 12.2 '.n i« 4.4 »0 600 22.4 16.9 .7 30 60T 21.5 16. 8 ?3 l.» 30 573 16.0 7.2 77 5.9 9oo »0 984 11.0 3.3 2ft 6.0 30 1.070 19.6 13.3 1.7 30 1,075 19.1 12.8 ?7 1.6 Jo 1.031 13.6 4.6 27 6.2 • so 3n 1.459 • .9 3.3 27 7. J '0 1.360 1».* 9.7 2.2 30 1.964 15.8 10.4 ?» 1.7 30 1.511 11. A ,7 ?7 7.3 30 1.515 21.9 6.9 16 .6 •00 Jo 1*959 9.8 .6 27 •.1 30 2.074 13.4 5.1 2.3 30 2.078 12.8 5.6 ?« 2.0 3|| 2.016 B.9 -7.2 77 8.9 JO 2'0*0 20.1 9.4 l» 1.7 790 »n 2.489 3.0 .3.6 27 8.6 '0 2.6l5 10.5 .1.0 1.9 30 2'6l7 9.9 .6 ?« 2.6 Jo 2,348 6.5 -7.2 7? 10.2 10 2.59 3 16.4 2.7 13 .9 700 >o 3.0*1 ,i .•.5 27 9.2 30 3.186 7.2 .9,9 1.7 30 3.188 6.5 .3.0 ?» 3.9 Jo 3. Ill 3.5 -11.1 27 10.6 30 3.176 12.2 • ■6 07 1.8 tig >r 3.631 .2.6 -ll.» -1».6 27 10.6 30 3.792 9.6 .•.9 2.0 30 3.793 3.3 .8.0 ?' 4.3 Jo 3.7 9 .3:7 -14.2 7' 11. 8 JO 3.793 7.5 .4.0 03 3.2 »00 990 in 4.264 .6,1 27 10.9 30 4,438 -.* .14.9 !•' 30 4.438 • •2 -13.3 ?» 4.7 30 4.346 -20.0 7' 12.7 10 4.446 2-1 .9.9 06 3.8 3o 4.940 -10.3 .22.5 27 11. » 30 5,12« .6.8 • 19.4 »0 2.6 JO 3.129 -A.l .18.6 2« 5.6 '0 9.028 -7.7 -24.1 27 13.3 30 5.1*1 •9.4 .10.6 05 9.2 -14- SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITIES Tabulated Id langleys per minute on a surface normal to the direction of the sun. EXHIBIT 25 Sun'j zenith distance 78.T 7S.T 70.7* 600* 60.0* 70r 1ST 1ST MADISON, WI 10 12 13 19 21 22 Aver- ages Sun'j zenith dis 78.T 7S.T 70.7* 600* 1 2 .85 .67 3 .88 4 .84 5 .79 6 .66 7 .74 8 .68 9 .57 10 .57 11 .78 12 .81 13 .59 14 .71 15 .68 16 .79 17 .80 18 .83 19 .82 20 .90 21 .83 22 .70 23 .69 24 .49 25 .69 26 27 .66 28 29 .59 30 .74 Aver- ages .73 600* 707* 757* 787" TUCSON, AZ 1.25 1.14 1.28 1.25 1.21 1.12 1.16 1.13 1.08 1.06 1.20 1.20 1.06 1.11 1.12 1.17 1.19 1.25 1.20 1.48 1.39 1.46 1.40 1.39 1.41 1.38 1.23 1.28 1.21 1.25 1.21 1.16 1.16 1.08 1.04 1.13 1.20 1.18 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.14 1.16 1.05 1.11 1.07 .92 | .74 .63 .60 .81 .79 .77 .65 .63 .84 NET RADIATION Net radiation Id langleys pet day (8 a d. to 8 a m. ) at Palmer , Alaska. Langleys. . . 1 112 2 179 3 207 4 236 5 209 6 104 7 202 8 202 9 201 10 215 11 291 12 277 13 208 14 149 15 48 16 202 17 84 18 87 19 112 20 95 21 275 22 148 23 118 24 87 25 190 26 2 27 161 28 101 29 297 30 192 31 Avg. 166 EXHIBIT 26 MONTHLY AND SEASONAL HEATING DEGREE DAYS (Base 65°F) 1977-1978 Total State and Station July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay June for July-June Season ALABAMA BIRMINGHAM r\ 176 2«2 640 967 766 452 120 42 "» 3437 2844 HUNTSVIUE 1 4 21' 3*7 721 1062 855 51* 129 60 3>2B 3302 M08IL& n 73 149 *39 731 551 26" 16 3 2227 168* MONTGOMERY n 87 164 479 7S6 601 32" 53 2 3 2465 2269 EXHIBIT 27 MONTHLY AND SEASONAL COOLING DEGREE DAYS (Base 65' T) Total State and Station Jan. Fab. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dae. for Saaaoo Jap.- Dae. ALARAMA BIRMINGHAM 5 21 8' 2*1 430 378 337 329 23 1 2272 l»28 HliNtSvILLE 1 8 70 222 371 337 477 ITl 13 4 3 1995 I80B MOBILE 4 T* 132 333 543 379 376 482 85 31 7 2B«6 2'77 MONTGOMERY 27 111 308 531 383 523 442 63 29 T 2630 2238 ALASKA 4NCM0RAGF B 3 3 11 ANNETTF 60 3 60 1* ■MM' 3 R4RTFR ISltNO n 3 BETHEL 8 3 8 8BTTLEJ 34 36 3 90 l T •10 DELTA 26 39 3 65 1* COLO B«Y 3 FAIRBANKS • A 3a 3 II M BUIMNA 4 1 3 3 9 HOMER 3 -15- EXHIBIT 28 EXHIBIT 29 0* i | 2 I i P"° 3.8'ZI- or < > MO|*q Pud 3„o 40fMMm-AA«m4 «-i co -j- j- m d ! i M0|9q puo D„o *Ea.<*tMO-3.22£ DO) Aao«h siMJ0|SJ9punqx *"> f*> O O -T O •*» (A(*l >4) N fit CO 9iOUl JO wait, '92 r- r^-*«-9 — «»»*f*eo m (si a> r- -■ 9J0UI jo'uiuigg' ! C 3 £ 1 01-80 ■Xpnoio • co t> » t> -« OO(^0B« XO-VO 'Apnop *uicy m <* -o m o> a- ™ »0 r> IM -1 »- -J" m fSJM N OD « kfl « •© r- O O O .0 r-« -O >a r- co inure ot Mjiuns J9AO0 Al)S BfiOJM^ Je •» * ^ o> «-< o«m -< r- r- « « « c ■5 II 9.0Q * ♦ ->->OX*JZOir> t« Z Z ~» UOH09JK3 Z N m wi n «/i isi ft*. wi (/if* rg P9»ds «or»o»%f*»*— 00 -*»<*«< 1 fl(T\*«no*'^-O^J»r-r- c. 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The first issue was based upon data available through 1975; subsequent issues are annual updates. Although these same data are presented for each station in the individual issues of LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, ANNUAL SUMMARY WITH COMPARATIVE DATA, the data in this publication are presented in a manner that is particularly helpful for comparing the climates of major population centers. Of the 90 major urban areas with reported populations greater than 150,000 in the 1970 census, 79 are listed by name. Data are presented for weather stations within 30 miles of the other 11 urban areas. The cities are listed alphabetically by state. The tables are presented in two sections: (1) Observed Data, and (2) Climatological Normals. Observed Data - these tables are for the period of record (years) in the current locale, and are updated annually. Tables are presented for the following data: Temperature - 1 Highest of Record, Degrees F. Temperature - Lowest of Record, Degrees F. Mean Number of Days with Minimum Temperature 32 Degrees F or Less. Mean Number of Days with Precipitation 0.01 Inch or More. Snowfall (Including Ice Pellets) - Average Total in Inches. Wind - Average Speed (MPH). Wind - Maximum Speed (MPH). Sunshine - Average Percent of Possible. Cloudiness - Mean Number of Days: Clear, Partly Cloudy, Cloudy. Average Relative Humidity (%) - Morning (M) and Afternoon (A). Climatological Normals - these are 30-year average values computed from data recorded during the period 1941-1970. Normals are updated decennially, for the most recent 30-year period, and/or when changes in the location of instruments make the data non-representative of the previous location. The tables presented are: Normal Daily Maximum Temperature, Degrees F. Normal Daily Minimum Temperature, Degrees F. Normal Daily Mean Temperature, Degrees F. Normal Heating-Degree Days (July through June). Normal Cooling-Degree Days (January through December). Normal Precipitation, Inches. -18- DAILY WEATHER MAPS, WEEKLY SERIES The charts in this publication are a continuation of the principal charts of the former U.S. Weather Bureau publication DAILY WEATHER MAP. They include the Surface Weather Map (covering the contiguous United States), the 500-Millibar Height Contours Chart (covering North America), the Highest and Lowest Temperatures chart, and the Precipitation Areas and Amounts chart. All of the charts for one day are arranged on a single page (Exhibit 32). It is issued weekly, for the period Monday through Sunday. Back issues are available on 35mm microfilm from January 1960 to date from the National Climatic Center. A separate sheet entitled "Explanation of the Daily Weather Map" gives an explanation of the maps together with descriptions of the symbols used on the charts. Subscriptions to this publication may be ordered from the Public Documents Department, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. -19- EXHIBIT 32 WEDNESDAY, MAY 7, 1969 -20- ENVIRONMENTAL/ RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND INFORMATION This weekly report was first issued during January 1976 as the WEEKLY WEATHER/CROP ASSESSMENT. The current title (1979) was adopted with the last weekly issue in July 1978. This publication presents: (1) Summary of Temperature-Related Power Consumption containing a narrative summary of the weekly and seasonal population-weighted heating degree days and temperature-related natural gas consumption with attendant charts and graphs, and a general narrative summary of the pressure, frontal, and temperature patterns for the United States; (2) Agriculture Assessments and Drought Evaluations containing narrative summaries of weather effects on crops and precipitation, temperature, and general synoptic weather patterns for each of seven major grain growing areas of the world (Canada, U.S.S.R., China, Australia, India, South America, Central Africa) including available attendant charts of temperature and precipitation (The WEEKLY WEATHER AND CROP BULLETIN, see pages 49 through 52, presents similar information for the United States); (3) a chart of the Northern Hemisphere Snow and Ice Boundaries; (4) a narrative summary of Major Weather Conditions Affecting World Agriculture with an attendant chart; and (5) a Central Africa Summary containing narrative summaries dealing with current weather related crop problem areas over 22 countries including the Sahel, with attendant charts and graphs. This publication may be obtained from the Center for Environmental Assess- ment Services, Environmental Data and Information Service (D242), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Room 416, Page Building 1, Washington, DC 20235. -21- GLOBAL MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR SELECTED ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS This annual publication was first issued for 1971 data under the title ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY DATA FOR THE WORLD. It is sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is prepared from observational records submitted from stations in the WMO Network for the Monitoring of Background Air Pollution that are operated by member nations of the WMO. Data from additional cooperative stations are also included. Atmospheric turbidity data and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) sample measurements are processed by NOAA; precipitation chemistry data are processed by EPA. All issues include monthly tables of atmospheric turbidity. They present the daily average and minimum values for B(500 and 380 nanometers) and Alpha together with the number of observations for each day (Exhibit 33). The daily Alpha value is the average for all observations taken that day. The monthly means (MO) for Alpha and Beta are computed from the monthly mean of all observed B values and also from the monthly mean (*) of the published daily mean B values. Precipitation chemistry data were added to the 1972 issue when the title was changed to ATMOSPHERIC TURBIDITY AND PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY DATA FOR THE WORLD. Monthly data are presented for total precipitation and for 12 separate chemical analyses: pH, conductivity, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, acidity, and alkalinity (see Exhibit 34 for nitrate data). These data are included in all subsequent issues. Carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements were added in 1975 when this annual publication was given its present title. Data are presented for each air sample taken during the year (Exhibit 35). Carbon dioxide data are included in all subsequent issues. Each publication contains detailed descriptions of the observational and analytical methods used to obtain the published data. -22- EXHIBIT 33 WMO STA NO 72946 OAILY FORT TURBIDITY 5IMPS0N, CANADA NCC STA NO 06615 LAT. 61 45 N LONG . 121 14 H ELEV. 170 M AVERAGE DAY B500 8380 JAN ALPHA 1976 N MINIMUM B500 8380 AVERAGE B500 8380 FEB ALPHA 1976 N MINIMUM 8500 B380 DAY 1 2 3 0.045 0.051 0.479 2 0.042 2 0.049 3 4 0.058 5 4 5 0.045 0.058 0,900 1 0.045 6 7 0.043 0.084 8 9 0.020 0.021 10 2.383 2 0.041 0.066 6 7 g 0.214 1 0.020 0.021 0.057 0,076 1.015 3 0.051 9 0.060 10 11 12 0.063 0.057 0,094 0.078 1.405 1.132 2 1 0.050 0.057 0.067 11 0.078 12 EXHIBIT 34 WORLD METEUKOl.OGlCAl ORGAN 1 TAT IQN PRECIPITATION NETWORK DATA 6»321 - NITRATE Bl - PRECIP NESSLERtS REAGENT UNITS - 62 - MG/L-MILLIGRA'fS/LITER 1ST QUARTS" 2 N D QUARTER 3RD QUARTER *TM QUARTER YEARLY ARITHMETIC GEOMETRIC /EAR JAN FEB HSR ApR MAY JUNE JUL* AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MEAN STDEV MEAN STQEV CZECHOSLOVAKIA SVRaTOUCH CZ 8000 101 75 0.77 1.1,0 0.63 1.67 0.66 O.H 0.59 0.63 0.68 0,58 0.»8 0.52 0.731 O.AH 3.62 1.91 76 0.92 1.40 1.47 1-2 9 0.»4 0.»7 0.63 0.7l n.52 0.00 0.61 0.*2 0.79* 0.»3S 0.52 *.57 IRELAND VALENTIA OBSERVAT EI 8O0O 101 76 0.01 0.2* 0.09 o.]2 O.06 0.10 0.12 0.5o 0.(11 0.01 0.0* 0.11 0.122 0.136 0.07 3.08 EL SALVADOR CERRO VERDE ES 2000 101 76 o-oo 2.>o o.io o.oo 1.00 0,00 DENMARK FAROE ISLANDS FO 3000 101 76 0.10 0.12 0.15 Q.Ol O.U 0." PED REP GERMANY BROTJACKLRIEGEL GE 2000 101 76 2.10 7.00 3.»0 J.10 2.00 3.70 3,9o 2. 60 3.8o Z.3o 3.*7» l.*32 S.25 1.** EXHIBIT 35 ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIASK SAMPLES C02 MOLE FRACTIONS EXPRESSED IN THE SCRIPPS 1959 ADJUSTED INDEX SCALE CAPE KUMUKAHI, HAWAII LAT. 19 31 N LONG. 154 49 ELEV. 3 M 1976 MONTH DAY SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 PPM PPM MAR 09 329.64 329.33 MAR 16 329.70 330.29 MAR 23 330.18 330.42 MAR 30 331.35 330.98 APR 06 332.56 332.57 APR 13 331.47 331.57 APR 20 332.64 331.93 APR 27 331.03 331.28 1976 MONTH DAY SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 PPM PPM DEC 01 329.75 328.45 DEC 08 329.08 328.01 DEC 15 328.13 327.95 DEC 28 329.31 329.03 MAY 04 333.25 333.51 -23- HIGH ALTITUDE METEOROLOGICAL DATA This quarterly publication, issued only on microfilm starting with data for January 1977, contains wind and temperature measurements together with computed values of pressure, density, and speed of sound from a worldwide network of observing stations. The measurements are secured from instruments carried aloft by meteorological rockets and tracked by radar as they fall. Data are presented for significant levels, constant pressure levels, and for each 1 km interval between the maximum height reached by the rocket (usually less than 90 km) and 20 km. Data for rawinsonde observations taken at or near the station site and within 6 hours of the observation time are included when available. The data for each observation are presented in tabular and graphical form (Exhibit 36). A supplemental summary and a period of record comparative data table (means and standard deviations) are also included for each station month (Exhibits 37 and 38). Initially, high altitude meteorological data reports were presented in a limited publication by the U. S. Army Electronics Research and Development Activity titled DATA REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL ROCKET NETWORK FIRINGS. These reports began in April 1960 with the data for Fall 1959 and Winter 1960. Publication continued by season through the Summer 1962 data, then monthly from September 1962 through March 1964. World Data Center A (WDC-A) began publishing these data on a monthly basis in January 1964 and continued through December 1968. Starting with January 1969 data, the WDC-A publication title was changed to its present title, HIGH ALTITUDE METEOROLOGICAL DATA, to accomodate all types of high altitude meteorological observations. The publicaton format was also changed at that time. It continued to be issued monthly through December 1972. Quarterly issues began in 1973 and continued as a formal publication through the October-November-December 1976 issue. Although data for the period subsequent to December 1976 are not published, they are compiled in the same format as the 1976 publication and placed on microfilm. This microfilm is available on a continuing subscription basis from the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. -24- EXHIBIT 36 81366 V M USAMC. HWAJALEIN. MARSHALL ISLANDS 08. 7N 167. 7E BASE DATA GEOM HGT 2375 DECAMTRS PRESSURE 030.00 MBS TEMP -60.1 DEGC SOUNDING HGT GMT TR WS TS AC BC WC TC 76 12 29 2125 -120 03] 010 000 000 01 01 QUESTIONABLE OATA wh r UHfi THT THB SO SHT SHB RT RP 0700 0740 0000 0000 00 0000 0000 01 00 (HGT IN GEOMETRIC D^CAMTRSi fv TEMP TC PRES DENSITY SOS SPC SPC SOUNDING CONSTANT PRESSURE LEVELS (HGT IN GEOPOTENTIAl OECAMTRS) POLAR COMPONENT OEG MPS N-5 E-U MPS DEGC -3 07800 067 008 -004 -008 * 185 07600 166 015 015 -004* 212 07700 124 036 020 -030* 227 07600 HI 015 005 -014* 240 0750D 306 028 -016 023* 249 07*00 316 025 -018 018* 248 07300 326 026 -021 015 248 07200 320 036 -028 023 241 07100 311 042 -028 032 234 07000 280 055 -01B 052 225 06900 282 067 -014 066 210 06800 267 068 004 069 196 06700 266 063 016 061 182 06600 247 061 024 066 172 06681 246 060 024 055 170 -02 7 1 013-1 1 435-1 314 06600 236 052 030 043 156 -024 1 146-1 1 604-1 316 06400 237 043 023 036 140 -021 1 309-1 1 809-1 318 06300 264 046 013 044 131 -016 1 493-1 2 038-1 320 06213 262 045 006 045 120 -015 1 673-1 2 259-1 322 06200 263 046 005 045 118 -015 1 700-1 2 293-1 322 Ob 100 274 038 -003 038 108 -012 1 934-1 2 575-1 324 06067 275 038 -003 039 108 -Oil 1 965-1 2 614-1 324 06000 278 038 -005 038 103 -012 2 197-1 2 933-1 324 06872 282 038 -008 038 102 -013 2 278-1 3 045-1 324 06800 280 040 -014 038 088 -009 2 497-1 3 293-1 326 06682 281 040 -014 037 097 -009 2 521-1 3 321-1 326 06600 307 037 -022 030 091 -009 2 834-1 3 740-1 326 06700 326 028 -023 016 085 -010 3 217-1 4 256-1 325 06686 328 02 7 -023 014 084 -010 3 277-1 4 337-1 325 06627 338 023 -022 009 081 -007 3 528-1 4 625-1 327 06600 343 022 -021 006 080 -008 3 651-1 4 804-1 326 06005 -003 030 -01 1 2.000-1 2 661-1 324 05694 -023 023 -000 3.000-1 2 964-1 326 05-471 -022 001 -Oil 4.000-1 s 316-1 325 05302 -020 -013 -017 5.000-1 6 810-1 321 05046 -002 -026 -017 7.000-1 9 604-1 321 04776 -014 -018 -010 1 .000+0 1 323+0 325 04247 001 -013 -017 2.000+O 2 722+0 321 03943 -001 -007 -019 3.000+© 4 120+0 319 03733 -003 001 -026 4.000+0 5 612+0 316 03572 -003 000 -020 5 . 000+0 7 134+0 313 03333 -002 013 -032 7.000+0 1 012+1 311 03067 -001 002 -041 1 .000+1 1 500 + 1 305 02623 000 -024 -053 2.000+1 3 164+1 297 02362 002 -020 -060 3.000+1 4 006+1 293 RAWINSONOE DD / 150 100 50 50 ( - ) N-S ( + ) WIND COMPONENT 100 50 50 I - ) E-W ( + ) WIND COMPONENT -,90 80 70 _i to TZ fin u> ct UJ ►— 50 LU 40 D ZD -80-60-40-20 20 40 TEMPERATURE (* C ) WIND SPEED (METERS/SEC) -25- EXHIBIT 37 STATISTICAL RESULTS FQR MOV 1976 AT PMR . POINT HUGU . CALIFORNIA HEIGHT IS IN KILOMETERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL THE WIND COMPONENTS AND 5PEED OF SOUND ARE IN M/SEC TEMPERATURE IS IN DEGREES CELSIUS. PRESSURE IS IN MILLIBARS DENSITV IS IN GRAMS PER CUBIC METER THE M COLUMN IS THE MEAN COLUMN. THE S COLUMN IS THE STANDARD DEVIATION COLUMN. AND THE N COLUMN IS THE NUMBER OF VALUES FOR THE M AND S. SPEED OF SOUND 17.9 17.9 16.6 8.6 6.3 3.9 7.6 6.6 7. 1 6.2 3.8 4.5 5.0 2.0 3.6 5.8 19. B 23.8 24.6 22.1 19. 1 17.7 17.9 24.1 26.6 23.1 20.3 19.4 17.9 14.6 14.6 18.9 18.8 17.4 12.8 14.0 14.9 9. 8 9.9 8.5 7.8 6.4 -44.0 2.2 -39.0 3.7 -34.3 4.5 -29.0 5. 1 -25.7 5.9 -25.8 8.6 -20.0 6.0 -17.3 4.2 -14.0 4.9 -11.7 3.7 -1 1 .3 5.6 -9.7 5.7 -9.3 6.8 -8.0 7.3 -10.3 7.4 -11.0 3.7 -10.7 4.0 -11 .0 3.6 -13.3 2.4 -14.7 3.7 -14.0 3.6 -18.3 5.7 -21.7 6.2 -28.3 5.5 -28.5 3.6 -31.8 3.2 -33.5 3.4 -37.0 4. 1 -39.3 3.3 -41.8 3. 1 -42.5 2.5 -44.3 3.6 -46. 1 .2 -48.0 . 7 -50.3 1 .3 -50.0 1 .2 -50.8 .6 -52.5 2.3 -53.0 2.4 -55.3 2.2 -56.0 2. 1 -56.3 2.2 088 .009 102 .010 117 .012 135 .013 154 .015 176 .015 237 .012 270 .014 307 .015 349 .016 397 .018 451 .020 512 .022 682 .023 661 .023 853 .029 969 .031 1 102 .035 1 253 .036 1 426 .041 1 624 .044 1 852 .047 2 115 .045 2 420 .040 2 777 .039 3 190 .037 3 670 .043 4 229 .048 4 081 .055 5 643 .058 6 531 .062 7 565 .067 8 773 .068 10 183 .080 11 840 .093 13 780 . 117 16 038 .138 18 683 .145 21 783 .140 25 420 .144 29 700 . 161 31 718 .218 40 .530 .255 .134 .013 . 152 .015 .171 .014 . 192 .015 .217 .016 .247 .014 .326 .015 .367 .015 .413 .013 .466 .016 .528 .020 .596 .019 .676 .018 .764 .024 .876 .026 1.132 .033 1 .286 .030 1 .464 .034 1.678 .041 1.921 .031 2.185 .042 2.532 .027 2.931 .026 3.444 .029 3.959 .028 4.601 .081 5.336 .116 6.241 .081 7.274 -111 8.498 .099 9.869 . 125 11.520 .180 1 3 . 453 .129 15.745 . 127 18.51D .224 21.525 .275 25.115 . 198 29 . 483 .230 34.490 .206 40.615 .413 47.673 .541 55.828 .871 66.093 .644 303 1 7 306 2 5 310 2 9 313 3 1 315 3 316 5 7 319 3 1 321 2 9 323 3 3 324 3 4 325 3 4 326 3 7 326 3 9 327 ■4 5 325 4 1 326 2 5 325 2 2 325 2 4 323 1 4 322 2 1 323 2 4 320 3 7 318 3 7 314 3 7 314 2 1 312 2 1 311 2 2 306 2 2 307 2 6 305 1 9 305 1 8 304 2 5 302 1 1 301 7 299 8 300 8 299 8 298 1 .5 297 1 6 296 1 4 296 1 .7 295 1 4 293 6 90 80 70 60 £ 50 o _/ ^ 40 ? 30 i 20 10 (_ .[ /_ . 1 X Ii £ * <> -V c 1 /__ , i i z i i / T . ± l Z 1, '______ _ / n i f 90 80 70 _ 60 CO SI 50 £ o _i 40 *= 30 P 20 a: 10 150 100 50 50 (- ) N-S (+ ) WIND COMPONENT 100 50 50 ( - ) E-W ( + 100 I 1 K 150 i- j t-w i+j -80-60-40-20 20 40 WIND COMPONENT TEMPERATURE ("d WIND SPEED (METERS/SEC) -26- STATISTICAL RESULTS FOR OCT FOR THE YEARS 1969 THRU 1976 INCLUSIVE AT PUR. POINT MUGU. CALIFORNIA HEIGHT IS TN KILOMETERS ABOVE SEA LEVEL THE WIND COMPONENTS AND SPEED OF SOUND ARE IN M^SEC TEMPERATURE IS IN DEGREES CELSIUS. PRESSURE IS IN MILLIBARS DENSITY IS IN GRAMS PER CUBIC METER THE M COLUMN IS THE MEAN COLUMN. THE S COLUMN IS THE STANOARO DEVIATION COLUMN. AND THE N COLUMN IS THE NUMBER OF VALUES FOR THE M AND S. EXHIBIT 38 SPEED OF SOUND 16.3 14.8 14.9 13.0 12.1 12.7 12.3 I 1 .9 11.7 II .6 9. B 11 .2 11.1 10.0 9.2 9.0 13.9 16.6 12.9 16.9 16.6 16.3 16.1 13.5 31 e 29 l 35 6 23 3 22 6 21 8 20 5 5.5 5.5 5.9 5. 1 18. 9 17. 7 16.6 16.8 17.2 17.5 17.7 17.5 17.4 16.7 16.0 15.9 16.6 16.2 16.7 14.6 13.3 12. 1 11.6 11.5 11.2 10.6 10.6 10.4 9.6 106 1 10 113 1 14 1 14 115 122 122 122 122 122 122 121 120 119 -76.7 7.4 -76.5 9.9 -74.4 14.2 -77.1 12.6 -78.8 11.0 -62.1 10.7 -84.1 10.3 -86 . 3 10.4 -86. U 10.2 -85 .9 9.9 -84 .7 9.1 -61.6 7.6 -78.3 7.0 -74.0 6.4 -70.6 6.1 -66 .8 5.8 -62 .3 6.2 -58 .9 6.4 -56 .3 6.6 -51.1 6.4 -50.6 8.4 -46 .9 8.7 -35.2 -30.9 -25.9 -22.4 -19.6 -17.7 -14.6 -11 .9 -ID. 4 -9.9 -8.4 -6.5 -5.6 -5.5 6.2 6.6 6.2 6.3 5.5 5.5 -20.4 5.0 -22.9 5.0 -25 .9 4.6 -28 .7 4.4 -31.3 4.4 -33.9 3.8 -35 .7 4.3 -37 .8 4.1 -39 .4 4.1 -41.3 4.4 -43 .3 4.6 -44.7 3.9 .002 .000 .003 .000 .003 .001 004 .000 004 .001 005 .001 006 .000 .007 .001 006 .001 .□10 .001 .012 .001 .014 .001 017 .002 020 .002 024 .002 .026 .003 .033 .002 038 .003 045 .003 □ 52 .004 061 .004 071 .006 003 .006 096 .007 110 .008 128 .009 149 .013 173 .016 199 .016 227 .018 .263 .026 300 .028 341 .031 386 .033 440 .037 500 .042 568 .046 644 .051 731 .056 829 .064 940 .071 1 065 .081 1 209 .091 1 371 .102 1 558 . 115 1 772 .129 2 017 . 147 2 297 .164 2 625 . 186 3 002 .213 3 437 .239 3 942 .273 4 630 .310 5 206 .355 6 998 .406 6 919 .464 7 997 .532 9 243 .613 10 700 .707 12 403 .847 .004 .001 .004 .001 .005 .000 .006 .001 .007 .001 .009 .001 .011 .001 .013 .001 .016 .001 .019 .002 .022 .002 .026 .002 .030 .002 .035 .002 .041 .003 .047 .004 .054 .005 .062 .005 .072 .006 .082 .007 .095 .009 . 109 .009 .125 .006 . 142 .009 .162 .010 .185 .013 .211 .015 .241 .017 .273 .018 .310 .020 .354 .032 .402 .034 .455 .036 .514 .039 .583 .044 .659 .048 . 744 .055 .642 .062 .955 .071 1.080 .079 I .224 .081 1 .388 .102 1.562 . lie 1 .800 . 131 2.060 . 151 2.363 . 169 2.712 .186 3.127 .218 3.620 .249 4. 181 .285 4.846 .323 5.621 .377 6.527 .441 7.579 .502 8.799 .575 10.243 .654 11 .917 .751 13.890 .665 16.224 1 .005 16.919 1.211 282 e e 281 8 7 260 8 1 277 7 6 276 7 i 275 7 5 274 7 5 274 7 3 275 6 4 277 5 5 280 5 1 283 4 6 286 4 4 288 4 1 291 4 2 293 4 4 285 4 4 289 6 6 299 5 6 301 6 7 304 4 e 306 3 4 309 5 9 312 7 4 315 6 9 317 5 7 318 6 320 4 4 322 4 324 3 8 324 3 7 325 4 325 4 3 326 4 4 327 4 1 327 3 8 327 4 1 328 3 a 328 3 5 326 3 5 327 3 8 327 3 5 326 3 2 324 3 6 323 3 4 321 3 4 319 3 2 317 3 2 315 3 313 2 8 312 2 e 310 2 5 309 2 a 308 2 7 307 2 7 305 2 9 304 2 9 303 2 6 90 80 70 60 £ 50 * 40 o ? 30 o= 20 10 7 I 7 / 4 I 1 \ 90 80 70 60 50 £ o _i 40 2 30 20 « 10 150 100 50 50 ( - 1 N-S ( + ) WIND COMPONENT 100 00 50 50 50 <-> E-W (+) -80- 60- 4 0-20 20 4 WIND COMPONENT TEMPERATURE V s C 1 WIND SPEED (METERS/SEC) -27- HOURLY PRECIPITATION DATA This publication is prepared monthly and annually for each State or combination of States, except Alaska. The State combinations are: Maryland-Delaware; and New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont). Monthly and annual publications for Puerto Rico were initiated in July 1971. A predecessor publication, which began in January 1940, was known as the HYDROLOGIC BULLETIN and was issued by river drainage districts. During June through September 1948, depending on the river drainage district, that publication was discontinued and hourly precipitation values were included in the monthly issues of CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA for each State or combination of States. This continued until October 1951, when these data were published under the present title. Beginning with the January 1973 issue, monthly maximum amounts of precipitation for selected intervals from 15 minutes to 24 hours are presented (only stations equipped with special gauges that measure to tenths of an inch have data for time intervals other than whole hours). The current monthly issue presents daily, hourly, and monthly maximum short duration precipitation data for stations equipped with the automatic recording gages (Exhibits 39 and 40). The annual issue contains a station index, with monthly and annual totals of precipitation (Exhibit 41), and annual maximum precipitation by time categories (Exhibit 42). The June and December issues normally present late reports and corrections. EXHIBIT 39 DAILY TOTALS STATION a DAY OF MONTH o 1 2 3 'I *| 6 1\ » 9 10 11 | 12 13|14| 15 16 [ 17 | 16 .9 20 21 22 23 24 25 | 26 [ 27 28(29 30 31 APALHCHICOLR NSO RP 2.6? .05 .13 I.S2 .71 .07 .09 .03 .02 BELLE GLROE HRCN GATE 7.33 .45 .IS .60 ■30 .15 1.07 .86 .55 .36 .01 .36 .16 .71 1 .38 .02 . BLRCKHRN 9.00 .31 .29 ■ 08 .02 .34 .50 .29 1.44 .12 ■ 32 .06 .38 2.54 .87 I .24 ■ 20 eoCR RATON 6.1 ■8 .4 .4 .7 .3 .1 .4 .2 .4 1 .0 1.4 BRISTOL 5.73 1 .60 .85 .09 .17 .09 .60 .61 .54 .46 .S2 BROOKSVILLE 7 S5H 7.4 1 .2 .3 .1 .1 .0 2.1 1.0 .2 .1 .4 .1 •I .3 .4 CRNRL POINT GATE 5 6.83 .69 .04 .02 .18 ■ 3S .02 .25 .15 .71 ■46 .10 .03 .02 .47 .05 .17 .05 ■ 01 .2S .15 ■ 66 .37 .03 .08 1 .52 CLENISTON U S ENG 9.4 1 .5 1 .1 .2 I.I .5 .4 1 .4 .1 2.1 .3 .1 .1 .3 .1 .1 CROSS CITY 2 mnm 9.3 .1 .S 1.0 .2 .4 1.5 .7 .2 .7 1 .2 2-0 .1 ■ 1 .4 .1 .1 . 0AVT0NA BEACH HSO AP 7.99 1-33 1 .27 .27 2.07 .19 2.06 .07 .46 .07 .13 .07 . 00HLINC PARK I H 6.4 .1 .5 1-9 .7 .8 .1 1 .1 .1 .3 .1 .2 .2 .3 FORT TITERS NSO RP II .7 1 .1 ■ 1 .2 .3 .3 .1 1 .3 .2 .1 1.7 .4 .1 .8 4.8 .2 GAINSVILLE 3 HSH 9.7 4.0 .8 .1 .1 .4 .3 1.0 1 .3 ■ 1 .1 .5 ORRCEVILLE 3.B .2 .7 ■ 1 .1 2 .4 .3 .3 .2 .1 .1 .1 GRRDT 6.S 1 .4 .8 .4 .9 .7 .1 .2 .1 .3 .1 .1 I -4 H0MESTER0 EKP STfl 8.1 .1 J. 7 .1 ■ 8 .3 ■ 1 .2 1 .1 .5 .1 .5 .2 .4 INGLIS S SSH 4.3 3.2 .1 .4 .3 .2 .1 JACKSONVILLE NSO OP 2.39 .07 .11 .19 .03 .59 .02 .OS .49 .84 KET MEST NSO RP 2.69 .66 .01 .31 ■ 22 .35 .04 .01 ■ 02 .20 .47 .13 ■ 26 .01 LRKELRNO NSO CI 8. SB .4S .65 1.63 .55 ■ 10 .01 .09 .57 .02 .16 .03 .27 2.93 .04 .04 .04 . LISBON 3.0 .4 1.5 .1 .S .1 .4 LTNNE ■ 64 • 05 .71 .24 .39 .05 .82 .09 .08 2.67 HRR1NELRN0 3.2 2.3 .4 .1 .3 .1 MELBOURNE 6.9 1.0 .1 ■ 2 3.6 1 .4 ■ 1 .5 HI AM I NST10 AP 3-93 .11 .68 .26 ■ 16 ■ 33 .17 ■IS .19 .01 ■ 01 .12 ■ 62 .70 .30 .12 . mirmi HSO CI 6.29 .01 .58 .33 .03 ■ 41 .39 .17 .55 .13 .02 2.30 ■ 98 .2S .07 .06 .01 . M0NTICELL0 3 N 6.8 .2 .2 .2 2.6 .7 .1 .3 ■ 6 I .5 • 3 ■ 1 I100RE HAVEN LOCK 1 2-56 .46 .20 .02 -26 .02 .82 .52 .22 .02 NICEVILLE 6-6 .5 ■ 6 .1 .3 1 .4 .S .3 .1 2.7 ■ 1 NORTH NEN RVR CRNRL 2 4.87 1 .18 ■ 34 1 .37 .39 .55 .26 .06 .04 .18 .50 0RRN0E CUT TONER 3.G .4 .2 .2 .1 .3 I.I .1 .1 .1 ■ 1 .9 ORLANOO NSO HCCOV 5.13 ■ 03 .OS .12 .26 .05 .02 .04 1 -3S 1 .09 .01 .34 .02 .70 .04 .01 . 0RT0NA LOCK 2 9. 52 I.3S ■ 01 ■ 14 ■ 15 .19 ■09 2.30 1 .05 .22 .06 1 .90 .04 .28 .04 > .60 .07 PANACEA 4 SSE 4.8 .2 1 .0 ■ 1 .1 1 .8 .3 .4 .1 .2 .1 .1 .4 PANAMA CUT S NE 6.4 .1 .3 .2 .8 .1 .2 .5 .5 1.3 .4 .5 1.2 ■ 3 PRRRISH 9.3 .1 1 .6 2.1 .5 1.6 .1 .1 .2 .1 ., 1.1 1.2 .2 PENNSUCO 5 HNN 3.1 .0 ■6 .1 .1 .1 ■ 1 .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 . PORT MATRCR S L CANAL 6.33 1.02 ■ 04 .02 .05 .48 .03 ■ 66 .02 .35 .16 .01 1.00 .02 .02 .14 .16 .48 .65 RRIF0R0 STRTE PRISON 8.3 2.6 2.6 2 .1 .1 .5 .1 .7 .1 .7 .3 .1 SAINT LEO 5.3 .7 •* .7 .2 .7 1 .4 .1 .1 .1 .5 .1 .2 ■ 1 ST LUCIE NEH LOCK I .40 ■ 02 .03 .46 .26 ■ 22 .44 .20 • ST PETERSBURG 8.7 .6 .5 ■ 1 .2 .1 .1 2.2 .5 .6 .3 1 .3 .1 ■ 1 TALLAHASSEE NSO RP 7.92 .74 .06 .16 .01 .60 .03 1.04 .69 .70 .28 1 .76 . 16 1 .17 .16 .03 .31 .02 . TAHIAHI TRRIL 40 Ml BENO 3.4 ■ 1 .4 ■ 2 .7 .1 .1 .4 .1 .3 .0 TRMPA NSMO 5.97 .82 .33 .11 .58 1 .IB .08 .07 .66 .31 .34 .09 ■ 21 .14 .79 ■ 26 ■ TRAIL-GLADE RANGES 9.5 1 .2 .3 .1 .8 .4 .7 ■ 2 2.1 .4 .1 .2 .6 .2 ■ 1 ■ 1 VENICE 6.1 .8 .3 .2 .3 1 .9 .1 .1 .1 ■ 5 .8 .2 .5 ■ 3 VENUS 3 SE 8.76 1 .66 .03 .03 .70 .34 .95 .40 .35 14 .35 .74 .66 .67 .43 ■ II - VERO BEACH 4 H .2 ■ S .2 .8 .1 .4 1 .6 .1 ■ 2 NAUSAU 2 SSH 6.1 1 .4 1 .0 ■ 1 ■4 • 5 .6 ■' .1 .1 .1 ■ 6 .1 .1 .3 .3 NEST PALM BEACH NSO AP 2.27 1 .IS .15 .02 ■ 13 ■ II .05 .05 .1? .04 .02 .OS ■ 31 -07 NO0DRUFF DAM 4.2 1 .7 .8 .3 .2 ■ 1 -1 .7 .1 .1 .1 -28- EXHIBIT 40 HOURLY PRECIPITATION HOURLY AMOUNTS FLOR 100 978 STATION UJ cr o A. M. HOUR ENDING P. M. HOUR ENDING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 TOTAL MONTHLY MAXIMUM AMOUNTS H MI OURS 1 2 3 6 12 24 ACCUMULRTION NUTES IS 30 45 60 120 180 CROSS cirr 2 hnm 17 18 19 20 21 28 31 .5 .6 ■ I .1 • l .1 .2 ■I .1 .5 .1 .2 • i •3 .2 .4 .2 .4 .1 •5 .1 .1 1 .7 .1 .8 -l l l 3 1 3 5 9 1 AMOUNT 0RTE/UME OF ENOING 1 .8 I2/7:00P 2.0 I2/7S00P 2.0 12/7:00P 3.1 16/1 1 :O0fl 4.3 16/1 -.OOP 4.8 16/12:00fi AMOUNT DBTE/TIME ENDING OF 1 .3 19/4U5P 1 .6 19/4:30P 1 .7 19/4:4SP 1 .9 I2/6:4SP 2.0 12/7 :00P 12/ ?.o 7:00P EXHIBIT 41 STATION INDEX WITH PRECIPITATION TOTALS FLORIDA 1977 Z M a County D 1 C a £3 Z a •a 2 ■o J S a ■o 3 '5> a s c £ a > u U w a Changes during year >. a s a >. a 3 A a u. A U a X 0, < i c 3 "a 3 < a § a a a GO -Q O a ja E a > Z a J3 e a a a ± a C c o a A -C -a a 3 c c < APALACHICOLA WSO AP RELLE GLADE HRCN GATE KLACKMAN ROCA RATON RRISTOL BROOKSvlLLE 7 SSW CANAL POINT GATE 3 r.LENISTON U S ENG CROSS CITY 2 WNW OAYTONA BEACH WSD AP BOWLING PARK 1 W PORT NYE'S WSO AP GAINESVILLE 2 WSW BRACPVILLE RRAOY 0211 0616 0765 0845 1020 10*6 1271 16*4. 20nfl !U« 23" 1 3186 93>1 1518 3543 FRANKLIN PALM IEACH 3KLA00SA PALM REACH LIBERTY HERMAN0C1 Palm beach HFNORY DIXIE VOLUSIA LAFAYETTE LIE ALACHUA JACKSON LAFAYETTE 9 T 9 2 1 9 7 T 9 2 10 9 • 9 10 29 46 26 42 10 96 26 22 90 25 26 28 26 52 26 49 29 39 29 11 3 19 26 39 29 38 30 58 29 57 8) 02 90 43 B6 39 80 09 B4 99 B2 27 BO 3B 80 55 83 10 81 04 83 15 Bl 92 82 22 B9 31 82 97 1» 91 175 13 160 67 36 to 42 SO 94 15 92 195 90 78 36 31 36 34 6 39 29 12 64 31 86 99 37 33 3.94 4.39 6.38 4.2 9.21 4.0 3.47 3.1 4?69 4.3 3.5 1.3 3.9 1.5 3.54 .66 1.53 1.6 1.11 2.1 .33 1.2 4.1 2.49 3.9 .2 3.9 2.6 4.4 3.65 .31 11.29 ■ 1.59 2.0 .33 2.3 2.3 1.41 2.7 .1 1.2 6.7 2.5 .57 • »1 2.22 1.5 .63 1.0 .21 .1 .6 .41 .5 .7 .8 4.0 .6 .72 8.04 1.47 7.6 3.17 1.0 2.74 9.4 2.0 4.61 2.1 6.5 .4 .5 3.4 .30 1.98 B.79 6.3 2.00 2.3 6.87 4.B - 1.13 4.1 9.3 2.4 2.7 1.6 5.73 6.61 9.2» 4.5 7.39 8.1 1.32 5.5 E 5.3 2.23 3.7 9.7 1.3 2.1 7.1 6.92 4-09 B.51 10.44 13.69= 5.0' 7.4 8.3 7.42 8.80 9.3 4.7 5.78 12.23 6.2 R.l 7.91 6.55 6.6 3.8 9.9 9.2 7.2 9.7 4.6 6.6 7.6 7.2 .99 1.77 4.79 1.1 1.52 .8 1.02 2.0 .4 1.46 .0 .4 .2 .7 • 2 4.49 5.59 5.67 6.6 5.97 2.0 5.10] 11.1 1.1 1.04 4.9 1.5 2.0 6,6 3.6 1.69 38.69 1.60 32.79 4.46: 74.51 5.1 56.4 4.11 31.8C 1.5 40.8 6.21 45.83 4.1 98.9 6,1 4.74 40.67 5.8 42.0 2.7 51.7 5.2 31,6 1.6 46,6 7.6 49,9 EXHIBIT 42 ANNUAL MAXIMUM PRECIPITATION BY TIME CATEGORIES FLORIDA 1977 ACCUMULATION (Apply heading as appropriate) APALACHICOLA WSO AP BELLE GLAOE HRCN GATE BOCA RATON AMOUNT DATE/TIME OF 'ENDING AMOUNT DATE/TIME OF ENOING AMOUNT DATE/TIME OF ENDING AMOUNT DATE/TIME OF ENOING AMOUNT DATE/TIME OF ENOING 1.45 NOV 22/lOiOOP 2.19 SEP 3/5I00P 2.6 NDV 24/?>00A 1.1 NOV 24/1I00A 1.11 MAY 30/6100P 1.79 NOV 22/10:O0P 2.59 SEP 3/5:0OP 4.1 NOV 24/2:0OA 1.9 NOV 24/l:45A 1.63 SEP 6/12:00A 1.91 NOV 22/ll:00P 2.65 SEP 3/o:OOP 4.8 NOV 24/3I00A 2.7 NOV 24/1 I 30A 1.71 MAY 30/6I00P 2.93 JUL 18/2IO0P 2.93 SEP 3/5IO0P 4.9 NOV 24/4IO0A 3.6 NOV 24/1I45A 1.62 Sep 6/4ioop 3.42 jul ie/i:oop 2.99 SEP 3/6:OOP 5.1 NOV 24/U:00A 4.6 NOV 24/2:304 2.59 SEP 6/10:00P 3.73 JUL 1B/6:OOP 3.25 SEP 3/6:00P 5.2 NDV 24/4I00P 4.9 NDV 24/3:30A 2.99 SEP 6/12100P ACC. 4.00 MAY 10/llOOP ACC. .1 DEC B/0I30P ACC. 1.98 AUG 27/7I00P -29- LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA This publication comprises two issues-1. LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, MONTHLY SUMMARY and 2. LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, ANNUAL SUMMARY WITH COMPARATIVE DATA. Although they are published individually for about 300 stations, some stations are added and other stations deleted from time to time. Currently (1979), they are published individually for those stations listed on page 35. LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, MONTHLY SUMMARY presents basic climatological data together with a table of hourly precipitation data for the month on page 1 (Exhibit 43). The second page contains a listing of observations at 3-hour intervals for each day (Exhibit 44). Predecessor issues were first published as the MONTHLY METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY in 1897. In 1948, the name was changed to MONTHLY CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY; and in 1952, to its present title. The earlier issues varied greatly in format and content from station to station and from time to time. They ranged from a postcard size single-table issue to a seven-page issue containing numerous tables of current and comparative data. A monthly supplement to the LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA was published from 1949 through 1964. It contained frequency tables, or tables of averages as follows : temperature versus wind speed-relative humidity occurrences (hourly observations); wind direction versus wind speed occurrences; hourly and daily occurrences of precipitation amounts; ceiling-visibiity occurrences (hourly observations); occurrences of weather by hour of day; averages by hours; 24-hour averages; and occurrence of weather by wind direction. It also contained a table showing hourly observations of sky condition, ceiling, visibility, weather, station pressure, temperature, wet bulb temperature, dewpoint, relative humidity, and wind similar to Exhibit 44. The supplement was issued for stations for which 24-hourly observations were available daily. Changes in format were made from time to time. The title from 1949 through 1951 was SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARIES, and from 1952 through 1964 the title was LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT. The LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, ANNUAL SUMMARY WITH COMPARATIVE DATA was originally issued in 1909 as the ANNUAL METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY. It was changed to LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY in 1949, and in 1952 was changed to LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA WITH COMPARATIVE DATA. The words ANNUAL SUMMARY were incorporated in the title in 1966. It contains the following information and data: a narrative climatological summary; a table of meteorological data for the current year (Exhibit 45); a table of normals, means, and extremes covering varying long periods of time (Exhibit 46); and sequential tables of monthly and annual values of average temperature, total precipitation, total snowfall, total heating-degree days, and total cooling-degree days (Exhibit 47). Also included is a Station Location table showing in detail a history of, and related information about, changes in the location and exposure of instruments (Exhibit 48). Most issues that are 2 or more years old are out of print. All issues have been filmed and can be provided on microfiche or as paper copy prepared from the microfiche. -30- JUNE 1979 ASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA NOTIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFC ASHEVILLE AIRPORT Local Climatological Data EXHIBIT 43 MONTHLY SUMMARY lathuoe 39 " 26 'n ionoitude 82* 33 ' u elevation iorouno 2140FT. STANDARD TINE USEO< eastern U6BN 403612 OEGREE OUTS HEATHER "PES 9N0M. NVO. TEMPERATURE *f BASE 6S» ON DRIES OF OCCURRENCE 1 POO 2 hcsvt roc 1 THunoeRVORn 4 ICI PIUITS mm 1 oiaie J OUSISIOAR • SPOKE, NAIC t tlONlNO 3N0M IK mutt. OR ICC ON GROUND 07BF1 IN. PRECIPIIAIION STATION PNCS- SURC IN. CICV. 2170 'CCT n.s.L. HI NO SUNSHINE TEN IHS E E a E c 3 E S a a ut E s s a e uj a a u. S o a a. 5 is !! il Si a i is MNICR CQulva- ItNI IN 3N0N. ICC PCllCIJ IN. a z a E I ' _| a w a. a O X a « a. > E a FASTEST niLE E 43 - i/> o 4C V* X X O r r o o a a E E a o E o ■ a. E z a o a a 1 2 3 4 S 6 7R 7B B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1 64 65 75 7 67 10 2 .07 27.68 35 6.6 7.6 13 34 527 61 9 7 1 2 66 60 73 5 66 8 1 3 8 .04 27.65 30 3.6 4.9 13 33 436 50 6 5 2 3 78 66 72 4 66 7 23 . 12 27.71 10 .5 5.0 10 34 45 6 10 10 3 4 80 69 70 2 61 5 27.67 34 9.7 9.8 16 34 696 60 4 5 4 5 SO 69 70 1 63 5 1 27.66 19 5.9 6.8 12 22 723 83 4 6 5 6 81 56 70 1 62 5 1 8 27.74 18 3.7 3.9 13 20 442 51 6 6 B 7 61 62 72 3 68 7 1 3 8 .96 27.84 14 5.5 6.3 14 12 266 31 6 6 7 e 80 67 74 5 70 9 1 .02 27.95 14 4.7 5.3 12 17 197 23 9 9 8 e 83 65 74 4 69 9 2 8 .10 27.94 17 2.4 4.2 13 09 386 45 6 7 9 10 64 68 76 6 71 11 1 3 8 T 27.61 26 2.7 6.3 14 34 245 26 B 9 10 li 73 57 65 -5 53 1 3 .07 27.76 33 19.3 19.6 30 33 607 93 1 3 11 12 78 46* 62 -8 52 3 27.68 33 7.6 9.1 22 32 672 100 12 13 79 49 64 -6 55 1 27.98 14 1.9 4.0 9 13 752 86 1 1 13 M 78 50 64 -7 57 1 26.06 11 2.1 4.2 10 13 688 79 2 1 14 15 75 50 63 -8 53 2 2 26.03 07 1.9 4.0 9 12 605 58 8 7 15 16 66 55 61* -10 56 4 1 .23 27.65 33 9.3 9.6 16 32 17 2 10 10 16 17 76 55 67 -4 58 2 1 8 .16 27.74 34 13.7 14.2 21 32 350 41 9 6 17 16 69* 63 76* 5 65 11 1 3 8 27.67 35 6.5 7.5 15 01 592 66 5 3 18 is 86 62 74 3 67 9 1 3 8 T 27.95 32 4.1 4.6 15 32 450 51 7 6 19 20 70 64 67 -5 62 2 1 8 T 26.07 14 5.6 6.9 12 IB 10 10 20 21 78 61 70 -2 63 5 27.98 14 3.2 6.3 14 17 51 6 10 10 21 22 87 62 75 3 66 10 2 8 27.89 32 6.3 7.1 16 32 650 74 8 6 22 23 85 61 73 1 66 8 1 .20 27.86 31 4.5 4.6 12 31 523 60 7 6 23 24 61 64 73 1 68 8 1 T 27.62 32 6.3 6.3 15 32 302 35 B 9 24 25 72 54 63 -9 60 2 2 .01 27.95 31 4.0 5.5 15 32 302 35 B 7 25 26 73 50 62 -10 54 3 2 28.08 13 2.5 3.3 10 17 615 70 4 4 26 27 78 47 63 -9 57 2 1 28.05 12 1.9 4.2 8 12 715 62 3 2 27 26 S3 53 68 -4 59 3 2 8 27.05 33 2.4 2.6 10 31 600 70 5 4 26 2fl 75 55 65 -6 62 1 8 T 27.63 17 2.3 3.0 6 18 472 54 9 8 29 30 65 56 72 -1 61 7 1 3 .22 27.87 32 2.6 9.4 17 IB 743 85 6 5 30 SUR sun total I01OL TOTAL TOTAL FOR IME NORTH! TOTAL FOR WNTN sun sun 2366 1744 16 141 nunber OF outs 2.20 27.88 33 2.2 6.5 30 33 13982 194 187 AVC. AVO. five. DEP. nvo. DEP. OEP. precipitation >.0I INCH 12 DEP. OATE 11 P4BSIN.C AVO. AVC. 79.5 56.1 68.8 -1.6 62 4 -41 -1 .77 — 26152 53 6.5 6.2 SEASON to OATE SHOH. ICE PELLETS > 1 .0 INCH Hun ER OF OATS total TOTAL GREA TEST IN 24 HOURS A CO DATE S OAEATEST OEPTH 0> ICE PELLETS OR DROUND OF CE ANO OATE SNON. haiihu n TEHP. him nun TEn p. 4001 197 THUNOERSTORNS 8 PRECIPIT AT ION J SNOH. CE PELLETS -> « 1 ■• ■». l < 3 , ■ 1 : o • OEP. OEP. HERVT FOC 9 .96 7- 6 1 o ! o ( 1 -236 -51 CLEAR 5 PARTLY CLOUOT CLOUOT 15 EIIRENE FOR THE ROHTH - LAST OCCURRENCE IF nORE OBSERVATIONS PER DAT AT 3-HOUR INTERVALS. RORC THAN ONE . T TRACE ANOUNT • ALSO ON AN EARLIER DATE. OR OATES. HEAVT fOGi - VISIBILITY 1/4 BILE OR LESS. FIOURES FOR NINO DIRECTIONS ARE TENS OF OE - GREES CLOCP.HISE FROH 1RUE NORTH. 00 • CALH. DATA IN COLS. E AND 12-1S ARE BASEO ON 7 OR FASTEST NILE N1ND SPEEOS ARE FASTEST OBSERVED ONE-nlNUTE VALUES UHEN DIRECTIONS ARE IN TENS OF DEOREES. THE I HITH THE DIRECTION INOICAIES PEAR OUST SPEED- ANT ERRORS DETECTED NILL BE CORRECTED AND CHANGES IN SUNNART DATA HILL BE ANNOTATED IN IM£ ANNUAL SUNNART SUMMARY BY HOURS t 8 t V E R A G E S RESULTANT NIND Re Z 4E a 3 ■ — m z a uj — z m a. TEMPERATURE — o a — _J E X E a a. E §E z a o O E a. • a CD UJ 3 X 09 a 01 6 27.88 62 61 61 96 4.6 33 1.9 04 6 27.87 60 60 59 97 4.0 33 2.3 07 7 27.90 61 60 60 97 4.8 35 2.5 10 7 27.90 70 66 63 78 8.3 31 2.9 13 7 27.88 75 67 63 67 8.9 34 3.5 16 6 27.85 77 66 63 65 9.5 32 2.0 IS 6 27.85 72 66 63 73 7.6 35 1.2 22 5 27.86 65 64 62 91 4.6 33 2.0 rn CD -J CD O 70 n X) o HOURLY PRECIPITATION (WATER EQUIVALENT IN NCHESI w A. H. HOUR ENDINO AT P. N. HOUR ENDING AT H 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 I ? 3 4 5 6 7 8 ? 10 II u (1 1 .07 1 2 T .04 T T 2 3 .01 .05 .01 T T .04 T T T T T .01 T 4 5 6 7 T .22 .48 .05 .21 6 .02 T 9 .05 .01 .04 10 T T 10 11 .05 .02 11 12 1? 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 T T T T .05 .05 .02 T T T .02 .03 .03 .03 16 17 .03 .04 .01 .03 .05 T T T 17 18 IB 19 T T 19 20 T T T 20 21 21 22 22 23 T T T T .17 .01 T .02 23 24 T T T T T 24 25 T .01 T ?S 26 26 27 27 28 ?e H T T T T 29 30 T .07 . 13 .02 30 SUBSCRIPTION PRICEl R3.30 PER TEAR INCLUDING ANNUAL SU«NART. FORCICN HAILINO RI.95 EXTRA. SINOLE COPT I 25 CENTS FOR HONTHLT ISSUE. 30 CENTS FOR ANNUAL ISSUE. THERE IS A nINIHun CHAROE OF 13.00 FOR EACH OROER OF SHELF-STOCREO ISSUES OF PUBLICATIONS. HARE CHECRS RATABLE TO OEPARTHENT Of CONNERCE. NOAA. SEND PATNENTS. OROERS. ANO INOUIRIES 10 NATIONAL CLIHAIIC CENTER. FEOERAL 8U1L0INO. ASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA 26601. I CERMET IHAT THIS IS AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL OCEANIC ANO ATHOSPHFRIC AOHINISTRAT ION . ANO IS COHPILEO FROH RECORDS ON FILE AT THE NATIONAL CLIITATIC CENTER. ASHEVILLE. NORTH CAROLINA 26B0I. noaa NATIONAL OCEANIC AND AtPIOSPMERIC ADMINISTRATION / ENVIRONMENTAL OAIA ANO INF OFtHA HON SERVICE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL CLIMATIC CENTER -31- EXHIBIT 44 OBSERVATIONS RT 3-HOUR INTERVALS si visi- W«'«ll TEMPERATURE *„ HIND s| ul VI SI - «BT«« TEMPERATURE r HIND >r viSI- BEOTHt* TEMPERATURE r HI NO or E /= i" s as earn E c j| i" E || E £ g 1° 1 D ts =E i d =1 N x^ E g£ 75 10 67 67 67 100 11 12 2 F 67 67 67 100 00 2 a F 65 65 65 100 01 UNL 10 74 70 66 82 31 55 15 75 70 67 76 35 UNL 15 63 73 se 61 36 UNL 15 76 69 65 69 35 UNL a 66 65 65 97 32 37 10 65 64 63 93 34 UNL 10 62 61 60 93 34 16 10 63 62 62 97 34 30 12 70 61 61 73 34 UNL 12 75 67 62 64 34 UNL 12 60 67 60 51 32 UNL 12 74 66 61 64 34 65 10 64 61 60 87 32 110 2 F 65 65 65 100 20 3 1 F 63 63 63 100 00 30 2 F 63 63 63 100 14 60 4 M 73 70 66 64 17 26 5 H 77 73 71 62 13 43 5 H 77 73 72 85 13 30 3 H 75 72 71 87 11 60 1 TRWFH 71 70 70 .97 18 2 1 F 70 70 70 100 00 4 1 F 69 69 69 100 32 150 1 F 7D 69 69 97 33 90 3 H 77 73 72 65 32 90 5 H 81 75 73 77 33 RO 4 H 78 74 73 85 22 60 4 H 75 73 72 90 18 65 4 F 72 71 71 97 17 UNL 15 53 52 52 96 31 UNL 10 50 50 50 100 00 UNL 12 54 54 54 100 00 UNL 12 69 62 66 66 29 UNL 20 74 63 57 55 16 UNL 25 79 65 57 47 14 UNL 25 73 62 55 53 12 UNL 15 61 59 57 87 1 1 120 12 60 56 54 81 29 100 10 58 56 54 87 32 110 15 58 57 56 93 34 120 12 66 60 56 70 35 no 8 R 65 60 56 73 33 22 5 RF 61 61 61 100 35 45 12 R 59 57 56 90 32 50 10 R 56 55 54 93 32 UNL 2 F 65 64 64 97 24 UNL 2 F 64 63 63 97 00 UNL 5 F 67 66 66 97 00 100 6 H 79 73 70 74 35 270 7 83 72 67 59 33 UNL 10 83 73 68 61 32 70 10 79 71 67 67 31 55 10 71 70 69 93 00 130 4 F 64 64 64 100 00 2 1 F 64 64 64 100 33 1 1 F 63 63 63 100 00 UNL 6 H 75 70 67 76 34 UNL 8 81 70 66 60 33 UNL 12 87 70 62 43 33 UNL 12 78 71 67 69 24 250 10 69 66 64 84 32 60 10 63 63 63 100 32 6 4 RF 60 60 60 100 32 5 4 F 60 60 60 100 33 16 7 61 60 59 S3 32 16 10 62 60 59 90 25 23 10 67 63 61 81 00 UNL 12 67 62 59 76 IS UNL 10 58 58 58 100 00 UNL 7 56 58 58 100 00 UNL 3 F 55 55 55 100 00 2 2 F 55 55 55 100 00 UNL 6 H 71 66 63 76 03 UNL 7 78 66 60 54 34 UNL 7 82 66 58 43 31 UNL 7 78 65 58 50 29 UNL 7 65 63 62 90 00 UNL 4 F 63 63 63 100 36 UNL 2 F 61 61 61 100 33 UNL 2 F 65 64 64 97 33 UNL 5 H 77 71 69 76 30 270 6 H 83 73 69 63 21 60 6 H 80 72 68 67 30 90 6 H 69 66 67 93 25 70 2 F 68 68 68 100 00 60 10 61 60 60 97 21 27 7 61 60 60 97 21 43 5 F 62 62 62 100 14 20 8 71 67 65 81 20 UNL 15 77 68 63 G2 17 UNL 12 79 69 64 60 22 UNL ID 74 67 63 69 17 UNL 10 66 64 63 90 13 90 2 F 70 70 70 100 12 18 2 F 67 67 67 100 00 17 3 F 69 69 69 100 12 28 7 71 70 69 93 17 35 10 77 73 72 85 11 90 10 80 74 72 77 15 270 10 74 71 69 84 12 39 10 70 69 69 97 20 27 5 RW 70 69 69 97 34 250 10 59 57 56 90 32 UNL 30 57 53 50 78 34 UNL 30 63 56 51 65 33 UNL 30 69 60 53 57 33 UNL 35 72 60 51 48 32 UNL 35 69 57 48 47 33 UNL 35 59 53 48 67 36 DAY 14 UNL 15 56 55 55 96 00 UNL 15 52 51 51 96 00 UNL 12 55 54 54 96 00 UNL 12 70 63 59 68 32 45 12 74 64 58 58 12 UNL 10 76 65 59 66 13 UNL 10 70 63 58 66 13 UNL 10 63 60 58 84 04 45 8 R 55 54 54 96 32 33 8 R 56 55 55 96 34 60 10 R 57 55 54 90 34 55 15 63 59 56 78 32 55 8 71 65 62 73 01 50 4 H 78 68 63 60 34 250 6 H 73 65 61 66 34 UNL 4 H 63 82 61 93 34 30 7 70 66 64 81 22 14 3 F 68 67 66 93 10 17 5 F 65 63 62 90 09 20 5 H 67 64 62 84 18 18 5 H 69 65 63 81 16 28 6 H 70 65 62 76 12 24 7 66 63 61 84 12 29 7 66 62 59 78 14 130 8 64 63 63 97 29 120 8 62 62 62 100 00 UNL 8 65 65 65 100 31 UNL 15 76 69 65 69 32 UNL 15 64 71 65 53 31 250 10 RW 81 74 71 72 30 45 6 RW 72 69 66 87 32 130 4 F 69 69 69 100 00 2 4 F 53 53 53 100 00 2 8 F 50 50 50 100 00 UNL 8 F 51 51 51 100 00 33 15 63 59 57 81 17 39 25 66 59 55 66 04 UNL 25 72 62 55 55 12 UNL 25 70 62 57 64 13 UNL 20 5B 57 56 93 00 DAY 29 DAY 30 UNL 7 61 60 60 97 00 9 250 5 F 62 62 62 100 10 UNL 3 F 58 58 58 100 00 10 60 3 RUF 60 60 60 100 J6 UNL 2 F 59 59 59 100 00 10 120 15 61 61 61 100 30 250 7 71 65 62 73 20 4 7 UNL 20 70 65 63 79 18 250 7 73 67 63 71 12 3 5 UNL 20 80 66 57 45 31 90 7 73 67 64 74 18 7 4 UNL 20 80 69 53 56 34 90 7 71 67 65 81 13 4 1 UNL 20 75 66 61 62 35 100 8 68 65 63 84 25 3 UNL 10 65 61 59 61 33 3 D 8 F 87 67 67 100 12 30 2 RUF 66 66 66 100 16 100 5 RF 67 67 67 100 06 100 2 RF 67 67 67 100 15 90 8 75 72 70 85 00 55 12 73 7D 69 87 20 48 15 70 69 69 97 34 250 10 67 66 66 97 35 DAY 06 UNL 10 62 61 61 97 00 UNL 3 F 59 59 59 100 00 270 3 F 60 60 60 100 00 140 3 F 67 66 65 93 16 250 7 75 69 66 74 15 UNL 10 80 68 62 54 18 UNL 7 74 67 63 69 20 UNL 7 64 63 62 93 00 DAY 09 45 3 F 67 67 67 100 00 1 2 F 66 66 66 100 00 2 12 F 66 66 66 100 00 UNL 5 H 77 73 71 82 19 UNL 10 ei 73 70 69 18 35 7 RU 77 74 73 88 17 130 5 F 72 71 70 93 1 1 25 4 F 71 70 70 97 33 UNL 25 54 51 49 83 32 UNL 15 47 47 47 100 00 UNL 15 52 51 51 96 14 UNL 25 70 61 55 59 36 UNL 25 74 61 52 46 32 UNL 30 77 63 54 45 32 UNL 30 73 62 54 51 34 UNL 30 60 58 56 87 00 UNL ID 57 56 56 96 00 UNL 5 F 53 53 53 100 00 UNL 2 F 53 53 53 100 16 270 8 68 60 54 61 35 270 20 76 61 51 43 02 250 25 73 60 50 44 10 250 25 66 58 53 63 13 130 15 61 58 56 84 35 UNL 4 F 63 62 62 97 09 UNL 4 F 65 62 61 87 35 UNL 5 FH 66 66 66 100 30 UNL 6 H 78 71 67 69 35 UNL 6 H 86 74 68 55 36 UNL 6 H 85 72 66 53 36 UNL 7 82 72 67 61 35 UNL 6 H 71 68 66 84 32 25 10 64 61 59 84 14 29 10 63 61 59 87 13 30 10 64 61 60 87 13 22 10 68 64 61 78 17 75 10 74 68 65 74 16 55 8 72 67 65 79 36 130 ID 71 68 66 84 26 130 7 66 65 65 97 09 UNL 12 F 65 65 65 100 30 80 3 F 66 66 66 100 33 100 3 F 67 67 87 100 33 90 4 F 70 69 69 97 31 55 ID 72 70 69 90 32 60 12 79 71 68 69 32 60 10 72 71 71 97 00 43 10 67 67 67 100 32 DRY 27 UNL 10 53 53 53 100 11 UNL 8 50 50 50 100 00 UNL 7 53 53 53 100 34 UNL 15 65 60 57 75 19 UNL 15 75 64 58 56 36 UNL 15 77 67 62 60 1 1 UNL 12 72 66 62 71 13 UNL 10 63 62 61 93 11 STATION A5HEVILLE N C TERR t MONTH CEILING UNL [NDICOTCS UNLIfllTCO TORNRDD THUNDERSIORn SQURLL RBIN RRIN SHOWERS FREEZING RRIN DRIZZLE FREEZING ORIZZLE SNOH SNON PELLETS ICE CRYSTALS SNOH SHOWERS SNOW GRRINS ICE PELLETS HRIL FOG ICE FOG GROUNO FOG BLOWING OUST BLOWING SRNO BLOWING SNOW BLOWING SPRRY SMOKE HRZE DUST HIND DIRECTIONS RRE THOSE FROM WHICH THE HIND BLOWS. INDI- CATED IN TENS OF DECREES FROM TRUE NORTH: I.E.. 09 FOR ERST. IB FOR SOUTH. 27 FOR WEST. ENTRT OF 00 IN THE DIRECTION COLUMN INDI- CATES CALM. SPEEO IS EXPRESSED IN KNOTS: MULTIPLY BY LIS TO CONVERT TO MILES PER HOUR. -32- EXHIBIT 45 EXHIBIT 46 TO a> a> TO TO m a __ TO a | W) I o ■n o » 1 V- s o IS e 2 E a Elev. 2170 feet m s.l o o o # <** >»■ o o- o o | E z E E | 2 MO|9q o o o ^^ o o o MO|3q CO «A IM m * E 1 i MO|aq P"» „ZE O^-M o z> o S a»oq» ~ P"« „06 o o o o o o ssa| jo 3|jui % A)!|!qiS!A '6oj Aabsh CO |S 36CJ3AV -O o m -" CO CO o> jnoH ° (Sl ^- (Si « r- cd O CO CO I | g s 'a 1 £ & 8 i (Si »tQ o ^ 1 CM 1 O n m o o o (M c '5 § s »>»a in O 1 -« 1 •* O r- *r — i m O 3 r- 4 1 ui isaieeig in ec r- o — r- 1MO "iH (*. •*■ o inoi f> •* IM * ■* fM p- o m O CM ■a o 5 X ! c i CD 6ui|OO0 o o o O O o* [HJI1B9H •H CO -0 ■ o r- eo o — s t I I i I ««a ot-^\ n«j z o < -• lMMO-| d -c ■*■ in — 1*. «i"a » ^ — «• Z CO 3 r- « O < Amiuofl m * a tn n- (NJ f«* .*■ CO o s ujnujiuiuj A||1Q C -* uinunxOUJ A||tQ O 4 u. Z C u z a ae (/> 0) E a> c TO 4> V) TO E ij > H < * ! M0|3q M0|«q put ^C MO|0q pu» ze SAoqe P"» o 06 tSOJ JO 8|{UJ % AiHiqtsiA '6o| Aasbh tujjoisjepunqx 3J0LU jo ipui oi 5l8||»d 3D | 'MOUS 9JOUJ JO MDUI 10' uoiiBiidiMjj Apnop A|VHJ latum oi asuuns •S4JU8J 'J0AO3 A>fl UB8^ suiu^um »iqinod ;o pj -q-d'ui paeds uoiioeiip 6ui|lBAflJ,J •u/diu paods uc*h E 8* O m tJM t2 ui ujnujixeiAj A|qauouj ujnuijxt^ •UM k ui ujnuijxt^ A|L|lUOUJ ujnujjuj^ Ajqiuouj ujnuJixt^ 6u||ooo U«MO| pJOMy isaqOiq pjcoeu unujiuiui A|ltQ ujnujixtuj A|iao ■O ■* -O •* o < >oao o o o o o- c o o l> O UjO ■# ooo^-oo mom«n3«' O * e- o- — •a « -a r- o- o- o- &■ r>--0 1*- or t> O O mic ->A«03 333 P" « • 3333 033 A« O t> > — ■O -o o r- e t> o- c OIAONOO ooo «m r- ia « o o o ooo o* « co« »m (UN or-nr^r-m • f* « « r- r>- r* « « r- »*• r- r- a. -a »»»»»» oooooo - 4> r- r- r- r- r- r> t- -o o u4 OOOOOO OOOOOO UJO S O A ■*. ^ ■" r-« p- r- r- i o o o o o c > — •*-•>-■«* -^ ■oor-r-r-r- o« OOOOOO 3» ■# p- « « — m * nctNv\i)c — *ift»MOK\ •AcM—oco-cr o * «^ -* r- r>ot-n-#t> tOArtmo ■> r» a ini o ♦ * — n) O O -» r^ a o c«n»«H «> • r-p-ao i*-«f-p-p-r- z« ■ O O O O OOOOOO DO , a o o o « i o * o o r- m t p- p- ) O CO O -C, r C C ■H g CD • -H CM •O 4J >i g CO rH •0 3 J= rji-tJ • g c « c B-l e«i e X> ■• K .31 9 8 3 ■ ■H O IS* 4 >i-H ft— *i e a « "-3 *> O -H C ft c « 5SJ g § . > B S.l C >!*> O ■h a c * o o O 41 kJ C7> O T) Cw Vt « O CV ElA i c ' £ §E , c ui — ar •*- O ■ Q O S3 • O t/1 • o »- is a 5 2 ■ £ O C C7» C O D — O CI *J S I ■ « i. ■ -33- EXHIBIT 47 Average Temperature Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jury Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual 1939 ♦ 0.2 **•« **.l 3*.l 63,9 7*. 6 T*,3 73.0 69,9 59,6 **.6 40.0 37.3 19*0 26.* 36(8 43.4 5'. T 62,2 71.6 72,8 72.3 69,2 57,2 *6,* 43.6 5*. 5 19*1 38.8 33,8 *n,T 98.* 63.6 71.6 7*. 6 7S.1 70.* 63.0 *6.9 ♦ 2.7 96,6 19*2 37.* 33,9 47, ? J8.3 63.9 73.0 7*. 6 71.8 67,0 57,5 *8,0 JB.5 39.9 19*3 «1.» 40, n **.6 33. J 65.6 75.6 7*,n 75.2 6».l 5*. » **.7 39.2 96.1 19*4 39.6 *3.* 4ft, 4 3*.* 66,8 73.0 72,6 72.0 66. 2 96.* ♦ 3.1 33.9 96.2 19*5 37. fl 42.3 S7.0 58,* 60,5 71.0 73.9 72. » 69,6 55,5 *7.9 33.* 96,6 1976 1977 1976 RECORD MEAN MAX MIN >r v \f v \f v >r v V v v \f >r 33.6 24.6 29.3 *5,3 37,* 33.* 50.6 50.7 49,0 9*. 9 96,2 96,6 39.9 6*. 6 62,0 68.1 69,7 71.1 71.2 79.7 73,* 70.2 73,6 7*. 1 63.1 69.1 70,0 51.5 54.3 33,7 41.2 *9.3 91.6 36.2 36.6 ♦ 1.0 35.6 46.6 25.0 38,1 49,7 26.* 46,6 59,2 3*.* 93,6 69,0 *2.2 62,9 T*.» 90.3 69.1 BO, 6 97.5 72,6 63.* 62.2 72.1 62.3 61.7 66,6 77.2 99.9 53,7 68,1 *3,S *6,3 56,2 3*.* *0.l 30.9 29.1 33,8 33,3 53,* 55.1 66.7 43.5 ASHEVILLE, HC Heating Degree Days Season | July | Aug |Sept| Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May |june| Total" 1986-59 1 01 Ol 41| 292 1 449 1 860 1 877 1 635 1 62*1 2*9 1 56 1 3 1 *066 1959.60| 0| n| 2l| 20* | 5*1 | 747 | 800 | 6l»| 969 | 226 | 181 | 2| *359 W W w W W W W W w w w w w w 1975-76 1 ol ol 77 1 232 I 498 I 812! 966 I 366 I 439 I 296 I 166 I 33 I *0B7 1976-77 2 3 63 *ll 706 68* 1239 768 *37 196 66 25 4622 1977-78 1* 331 466 868 1101 676 566 2*1 139 *62* 1978-79 I 12 283 390 I 7*1 j \ Cooling Degree Days Year j Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May |June| July | Aug|Sept| Oct | Nov | Dec | Total 1969 1970 * I 85 I 262 I 3*3 196 I 92 I 22 92 199 296 299 206 I 997 1011 w wwwXwwT'w'vw'w'vt 1976 1977 1976 u 9 133 198 170 " 2 t 59 173 3*0 279 1*6 7 1 u I 53 168 266 292 168 * 9*9 1007 973 Precipitation Year | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dec [Annual 1939 19*0 3.9*1 2.13 3.721 2.61 2.561 2.89 2.38| 3.261 2.761 1.99 4.211 3.10 3.791 5.1*1 *.03 13.73 1,*1| 0.35 0.621 1.12 0.771 1.36 2.081 33.60 2.79 39.3* W W W "1 i \1 W W w W W W W WW 1976 1977 1978 RECORD MEAN 3.91 2.09 7.*7 2.20 1.0*1 0. EXHIBIT 48 4.96 7.29 9.22 0.29 4.09 2.97 8.67 3.96 *.69 5.51 5.U 2.29 3.18 1.03 0.63 *.23 3.66 6.91 3.50 9.12 2.97 3.99 3.79 0.30 1.38 6.88 2.*9 4.09 2.43 4.32 *.99 2.87 9.20 *.o* 4.5* 5.0* *'.12 3.63 3.20 1.62 47,23 50.49 40,26 48,19 Snowfall Season I July I Aug |Sept| Oct |Nov|Dec| Jan | Feb | Mar| Apr| May|june|Total 1939-401 0.0 j 0.0| 0,01 0,0 I T I 4.4 | 7.7 | 3,0 I 3.5 I 0.2 I 0.0 I 0,0 I 18," W W W w* w W w w w w w w w w 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 RECORD MEAN 0.0 0.0 0,0 0,0 9.0 0.4 1.6 3.9 7 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.1 0.3 U.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T T 1.9 9.T 3.3 9.3 7 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,n 0.0 T 0.0 0.0 0,0 T 1.9 3.2 *.« 9.0 3.3 T 0,0 0,0 10,9 13,0 21.9 STATION LOCATION ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA a & 1 a a J-- 3 11 || 1 S a ■a u j2 3 i p. Latitude North Longitude West Elevation above Sea level Grounc S S a i .9 ■0 I £ a a a 1 % B Js >, £ 3 A O a ** O 3 3 1 5 H 2 « ov B o> 1 ■a 5 1 '3 0> s a '2 CO 8 E O J3 +J O U u >• K Location E V IB a V ■0 3 a v P « k. u at O a. Remarks COOPERATIVE '1857 1902 Smithsonian Institute and Army Signal Corps observers . Records almost continuous, but exact lo- cations and details as to exposure are not available. CITY Drhumor Building Pat Con Avenue and Church Street 8/22/02 5/22/03 35" 36' 82° 32' 2207 100 75 73 ** 62 **- Elevation not on record. Note indicate same exposure as 8-inch gage . Library Building South Pack Square 5/22/03 7/01/10 600 ft. ENE 35° 36' 82° 32' 2218 75 55 53 ** 46 Legal Building South Pack Square 7/01/10 1/01/31 60 ft. ENE 35° 36' 82° 32' 2218 84 72 70 61 61 U. S. Post Office and Court House Building Otis and Post Streets 1/01/31 8/31/64 (X) 2000 ft .WSW 35° 36' 82° 32' 2203 b92 78 77 b75 a75 75 a - 77 feet to 9/1/52. b - Removed 9/1/64. (X)- Office moved to Airport. Cli- matological observations con- tinued at City site through May 1967. COOPERATIVE Federal Building 6/01/67 Present 500 ft. NE 35° 36' 82° 32' 2242 110 108 108 Elevations above ground are ap- proximate values with reference to point opposite shelter on west side of building. AIRPORT Administration Building Asheville Airport 9/01/64 Present 12 mi. S of Post Office 35° 26' d82° 33' 2140 20 e3 c3 4 3 u c - Stand-by equipment. d - Resurvey effective 6/20/75. e - Stand-by equipment 12/15/77. -34- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE (Stations for which Local Climatological Data are issued, as of January 1, 1979) ALABAMA BIRMINGHAM AIRPORT BIRMINGHAM CITY OFFICE HUNTSVILLE MOBILE MONTGOMERY ANCHORAGE ANNETTE BARROW BARTER ISLAND BETHEL SETTLES BIG OELTA COLO BAY FAIRBANKS GULKANA HOMER JUNEAU KING SALMON KODIAK KOTZEBUE McGRATH NOME ST, PAUL ISLAND TALKEETNA UNALAKLEET VALDEZ YAKUTAT abc FLAGSTAFF abc PHOENIX abc TUCSON abc WINSLOW ■be YUMA ARKANSAS abc FORT SMITH abc LITTLE ROCK ac NO LITTLE ROCK CALIFORNIA abc 8AKERSFIELD abc BISHOP abc BLUE CANYON ac EUREKA abc FRESNO abc LONG BEACH abc LOS ANGELES AIRPORT ac LOS ANGELES CIVIC CENTER abc MT. SHASTA abc OAKLAND abc RED BLUFF abc SACRAMENTO abc SANDBERG-(l) abc SAN DIEGO abc SAN FRANCISCO AIRPORT ac SAN FRANCISCO CITY abc SANTA MARIA abc STOCKTON COLORAOO abc ALAMOSA abc COLORADO SPRINGS abc DENVER abc GRAND JUNCTION abc PUEBLO CONNECTICUT abc BRIDGEPORT abc HARTFORO DELAWARE abc WILMINGTON DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA abc WASHINGTON ■ NATIONAL AP abc WASHINGTON -DULLES INT'L AP FLORIDA a be APALACHICOLA abc OAYTONA BEACH abc FORT MYERS abc JACKSONVILLE abc KEY WEST ac LAKELAND - (2) abc MIAMI abc ORLANDO abc PENSACOLA abc TALLAHASSEE abc TAMPA ■be WEST PALM BEACH GEORGIA abc ATHENS abc ATLANTA abc AUGUSTA abc COLUMBUS abc MACON abc ROME abc SAVANNAH HAWAII abc HILO abc HONOLULU abc KAHULUI abc LI HUE IDAHO abc BOISE abc LEWISTON abc POCATELLO ILLINOIS ac CAIRO abc CHICAGO MIDWAY AIRPORT abc CHICAGO O'HARE AIRPORT abc MOLINE abc PEORIA abc ROCKFORD abc SPRINGFIELD INDIANA abc EVANSVILLE abc FORT WAYNE abc INDIANAPOLIS abc SOUTH BEND IOWA abc BURLINGTON abc OES MOINES 1 abc DUBUQUE abc SIOUX CITY abc WATERLOO KANSAS abc CONCOROIA abc DODGE CITY abc GOODLANO abc TOPEKA abc WICHITA KENTUCKY abc LEXINGTON abc LOUISVILLE MASSACHUSETTS LOUISIANA abc BATON ROUGE abc LAKE CHARLES abc NEW ORLEANS .abc SHREVEPORT MAINE abc CARIBOU abc PORTLAND MARYLAND abc BALTIMORE abc BOSTON ac BLUE HILL CBS. abc WORCESTER MICHIGAN abc ALPENA abc DETROIT CITY AIRPORT abc DETROIT METRO AP abc FLINT abc GRAND RAPIDS abc HOUGHTON LAKE abc LANSING ac MARQUETTE abc MUSKEGON abc SAULT STE. MARIE MINNESOTA abc DULUTH abc INTERNATIONAL FALLS abc MINNEAPOLIS ■ ST. PAUL abc ROCHESTER abc ST. CLOUD MISSISSIPPI abc JACKSON abc MERIDIAN COLUMBIA KANSAS CITY INT'L AP KANSAS CITY DOWNTOWN AP ST. JOSEPH ST. LOUIS SPRINGFIELO MONTANA abc BILLINGS abc GLASGOW abc GREAT FALLS , abc HAVRE abc HELENA abc KALISPELL abc MILES CITY abc MISSOULA NEBRASKA abc GRAND ISLAND abc LINCOLN abc NORFOLK abc NORTH PLATTE abc OMAHA ac OMAHA (NORTH) abc SCOTTSBLUFF ac VALENTINE NEVADA abc ELKO abc ELY abc LAS VEGAS abc RENO abc WINNEMUCCA NEW HAMPSHIRE abc CONCORD ac MT. WASHINGTON NEW JERSEY ibc ATLANTIC CITY AIRPORT a ATLANTIC CITY STATE MARINA abc NEWARK ac TRENTON NEW MEXICO abc ALBUQUERQUE abc CLAYTON abc ROSWELL NEW YORK abc ALBANY abc BINGHAMTON abc BUFFALO abc NEW YORK CENTRAL PARK abc N.Y. J.F. KENNEOY INT'L AIRPORT abc N.Y. LaGUARDIA FIELD abc ROCHESTER abc SYRACUSE NORTH CAROLINA abc ASHEVILLE abc CAPE HATTERAS abc CHARLOTTE abc GREENSBORO abc RALEIGH abc WILMINGTON NORTH DAKOTA abc BISMARCK abc FARGO abc WILLISTON OHIO abc AKRON-CANTON ac CINCINNATI ABBE OBS. abc CINCINNATI AIRPORT abc CLEVELAND abc COLUMBUS abc DAYTON abc MANSFIELD abc TOLEDO abc YOUNGSTOWN OKLAHOMA OREGON abc ASTORIA abc BURNS abc EUGENE abc MEDFORD abc PENDLETON abc PORTLAND abc SALEM abc SEXTON SUMMIT PACIFIC ISLANDS abc GUAM abc JOHNSTON , abc KOROR abc KWAJALEIN abc MAJURO abc PAGO PAGO abc PONAPE abc TRUK(MOEN) abc WAKE abc YAP PENNSYLVANIA abc ALLENTOWN abc AVOCA.WILKESBARRESCRANTONAP abc ERIE atx HARRISBURG abc PHILADELPHIA abc PITTSBURGH AIRPORT K PITTSBURGH CITY abc WIUJAMSPORT RHODE ISLAND ac BLOCK ISLAND abc PROVIDENCE SOUTH CAROLINA abc CHARLESTON AIRPORT a CHARLESTON CITY abc COLUMBIA abc GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SOUTH DAKOTA abc ABERDEEN abc HURON •ac RAPIOCITY abc SIOUX FALLS TENNESSEE abc BRISTOL abc CHATTANOOGA abc KNOXVILLE abc MEMPHIS abc NASHVILLE ac OAK RIDGE TEXAS abc ABILENE abc AMARILLO abc AUSTIN abc BROWNSVILLE abc CORPUS CHRISTI abc DALLAS FORT WORTH abc DEL RIO abc EL PASO ac GALVESTON abc HOUSTON abc LUBBOCK abc MIDLAND abc PORT ARTHUR abc SANANGELO abc SAN ANTONIO abc VICTORIA abc WACO abc WICHITA FALLS UTAH abc MLFORD abc SALT LAKE CITY VERMONT abc BURLINGTON VIRGINIA abc LYNCHBURG abc NORFOLK abc RICHMOND abc ROANOKE ab WALLOPS ISLAND WASHINGTON abc OLYMPIA abc QUI LLAYUTE AIRPORT abc SEATTLE-TACOMA AP ac SEATTLE URBAN SITE abc SPOKANE abc STAMPEDE PASS ac WALLA WALLA abc YAKIMA WEST INDIES abc SANJUAN.P.R WEST VIRGINIA abc SECKUEY abc CHARLESTON abc ELKINS abc HUNTINGTON ac PARKERS8URG WISCONSIN abc GREEN BAY abc LACROSSE abc MADISON abc MILWAUKEE WYOMING abc CASPER abc CHEYENNE abc LANDER •X SHERIDAN a Monthly uirrrrmry luuad. b. Monthly tummary Includai avalhola 3-houfly obtarvatlons Atwiual Sunvnary lauad II] Station closed April 30 1979. Publications discontinued (21 Stetion closed September 1978 Publications discontinued -35- MARINERS WEATHER LOG This bimonthly publication was initially issued in January 1957 to fill a recognized need to furnish weather information affecting marine commerce to mariners. The current publication contains meteorological and climatological information for use by the Maritime Industry and Cooperative National Weather Service Marine Observers. Articles include material on marine meteorology in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and on the Great Lakes, and matters of current maritime interest with attendant graphs and charts. Also included are features which provide additional useful information to mariners: Hints to Observers - brings the latest observing techniques, requirements, and code changes to the attention of the cooperating marine observer. Tips to the Radio Officer - includes information on the latest radio frequencies to obtain World wide Marine Weather Broadcasts. Hurricane Alley - contains information on global tropical cyclone activity. Marine Weather Diary - presents narrative marine climatological summaries of weather, winds, gales, extratropical and tropical cyclones, sea heights, and visibility for the subsequent two months. Rough logs (incomplete records) of general weather conditions prevailing over the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans during the second and third months prior to the date of each issue, and Smooth logs (complete records) of conditions in these areas for the fifth and sixth months prior to the date of each issue, are also furnished. Cyclone-track charts are included for those areas corresponding to the Smooth log months. Tables of Selected Gale and Wind Observations for the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean areas are presented together with a bimonthly summarization of basic climatological conditions for U. S. Ocean Buoy Stations (Exhibit 49). Copies of this publication are available without charge to persons or agencies with a marine interest from the Environmental Data and Information Service, National Oceanographic Data Center (D762), Page Building 1, Room 400, Washington, D.C. 20235. -36- EXHIBIT 49 Table 7 Selected Gale and Wave Observations, North Atlantic November and December 1978 IMoMtty Dab PoiHim ol Ship GMT Wind VmMit, ■. mi. Piewnt Wt.ll*. cod. Prawn TiimiImi UVrVrat '•nIWm VoJ L.I Nr 10° kt Ptood MC Iteifh h. K 10° P«ioJ MC H-* Aii S. (l NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AMERICAN NOV. 4f,.3 N 21.3 H 12 20 45 5 NM SO 1013.2 13.3 15.7 7 8 20 7 SEALlNO ECONOMY 1 19.3 HQHAHK AMERICAN 1 11.1 .-. 32.9 W 12 34 45 5 NH 02 1015.2 18.3 23.3 6 19.3 AMER ACCORD AMERICAN 4 44.0 1 44.6 H 06 31 45 9 NM 01 1010.8 7.8 17.2 BALTIMORE TRADER AMERICAN 23 10.5 N 72.3 W 12 12 45 10 NM 02 1007.5 7.8 1A.4 3 14.3 32 6 18 AMER ARCHER AMERICAN 25 43.1 N 42.0 W 18 16 45 1 NM 02 1006.4 15.6 18.9 J 6.3 14 9 19.3 S6AL4N0 CONSUMER AMERICAN 26 1R.3 .1 40.3 H 18 IB 41 5 MM 29 100b. 20.6 17.8 5 13 17 9 14.3 RED JACKET AMERICAN ?6 *2.6 ,1 37.8 W 12 17 50 2 NM 02 lOlo.O 18.5 17.2 6 19.5 13 6 16.5 6XPQ9T PATRIOT AMERICAN 28 45.4 ,i 31.7 W 20 27 45 10 NM 02 1023.0 12.0 15.6 4 14.3 27 9 19.5 EXROOT PATRIOT AMERICAN 10 42.7 I. 3B. B W 00 26 50 9 NM 02 1000.2 15.6 16.1 4 11.5 25 8 24.5 GEORGE WALTON AMERICAN 10 4c,. 3 « 31.9 V 06 20 50 2 MM 64 975.5 10.0 13.9 22 6 16.5 AMER ACCORD AMERICAN 10 «5.3 M 35.2 W 11 28 63 2 NM 18 999.9 8.9 12.8 41 U.S. Ocean Buoy Climatological Data November and December 1978 AVCBAOE L«T[ TUOC 3ft OH * vERAOE LONG TuOE o >3.0M «[»NS ANO [H«(M[1 | N j. or 0* fS MI TM ida MCA OBS *l« TtFIP <0E0 C> 13.0 1ST 03> 30. 33. • (36 tat 339 30 if_* TEMP (OEG CI 23 00) *io-U» TEMP (OtG C> -oa a 36 00.3 pressure (nana; 1004.0 3A 1B> 1 1030. 1 1039.6 (30 14) 339 1 30 'nroiTNCici. nea T0T»l I SPEED HO. Of OBS: 339 44 .0 14.4 BBS: 339 AVERAGE l-TI TUBE is ON « TRAQE LONG TL'OE 73. OM MEANS ANO EXTREMES 1 N B. or i 0*rs HITM 0* mean (DM 0* '- AIR TE«P (DEO C> 09.3 Jfl 33.4 (OS 00) ■ SEA TEMP lOEC C> IB 00) 1 33. 7 (01 3 1 MfB-it» TEMP (OEG C> -is. » 3B 13) 1 01.3 (10 3«3 1 PRESSURE (M*AR> 1000. ? (31 .ft. 1 1019.4 034 ft (31 14. 1 343 ' 31 ENCIES. «€*» *"0 EXTREME 0-B.4 >S.4 I MEAN «*i 0- «!■ .3 38.' 34.9 IB) 14. B 1.3 • 3.4" ».0« (IB 13> MEANS ANO EXTREMES (30 03> (16 00) (30 03> 336 33B 336 DIB I 44 (01 03) ■08 06) (30 It! or oei ?46 E • 1,1 3.1 3.1 SE I .4 *.« 3.5 S I .ft 3.4 5.1 HOUR: 13 NOVEMBER AVERAGE l-TI TUDf 30. ON ■ ,0- AVERAGE ItNOITuOE 090 OW 43001 MEANS AND EXTREMES AIR unt (OEG CI SEA TEMP <0EG C) AIR-SEA TEMP <0EC C) 3) . 34. 1000 . (DA (00 (30 ■oo 09) 31) ■ 00) 00) 34. B 36. 7 -01 . 1 I 36.3 1 01.3 (OA MC (37 15) (01 10> (30 31) (03 15) no. or OBS 339 237 OAVS HITM OAT* 30 30 30 ND - m fREOuENLIES. MEANS ANO EXTREMES TBTAl 1 6.9 30.6 43.4 13. > 100.0 < 13.6 DECEMBER AVERAGE 1.AT1 UOE 3B.0N • ,0- AVERAGE LONGITUDE 080 Ok 49001 MEANS ANO EXTREMES AIR TEMP (OEG C) SEA TEMP 00> 09) i MEAN 31.9 34.3 -03. B 101 1 .6 1 3B.3 1 36. B I 01 .0 ■ 1039. 3 (OA MR) 1 (07 14) t (03 14) 1 IOB 3D ■ (13 I4> t no- or OBS » 34» 1 933 1 333 I DATS HITM OATA 31 31 31 REGuENC IES ANO EXTREMES 33- 34- MM 1 , 4 1 .41 e . o CAlM t TBTAL i 3.1 B 1 . 3B.0 1 100.0 ■ 9.0 NOVEMBER D SUM m A R r 4900? AV RAOE LATITUOE 30 ON AVERAOE LONOITUOE MEANS ANO C TRCMES I nb. or 0**1 WITH DA MEAN (DA MR) OBS DAT* AIR TE p (DEO C> 31.7 .■« 00) i 34.0 1 36 > (06 3D 340 30 SEA TE iP (OEG C> 34. B ^u 00) 30.3 t 37.0 (01 3D AIR-SEA TC iP (OEO CI -04.4 nu 03> i -01.3 1 00.3 (34 16) 340 PRESSOR CMftAR) 100* . t (3* 3D • 1017.1 1 1033.5 (03 l»i 340 30 0ECIM61R AVERAOE LATI OATA TUOE 36. ON AwEOAOE LONG I TL'DE 0*3. *« 49009 MEANS AND EXTREMES AIR TEMP (OEO C. SEA TEMP (DEO C> AIR-SEA TEMP (DEG Ci PRESSURE (MBAR) MIPI (OA HI) 1 13.6 ( 10 00) l 33, 1 (94 00> 1 -11.4 (10 00) 1 IOOB. 9 (94 0*1 • ME At. 91 .* 94.* -09. 7 ioi ». a 9*. 4 94 * 00. B 1031 4 (OA MB) 1 (03 91) 1 (09 191 I (OB I4> 1 (13 14) 1 n* *r BBS 347 347 347 3*7 DAY* MMM DATA 31 NB Or BBS: NB *r BBS: 4 6 3B-* St.* 3.0 ■ft*.*. L'DE 3* ON VCBAQE LBNQITuOf OBB.Ow in 9*. ON VEBAOE il'OI'l'OI 0*6 0- -37- MONTHLY CLIMATIC DATA FOR THE WORLD This publication contains monthly means (in metric units) of surface and upper air data for many locations throughout the world. Annual issues are not published. It originated in May 1948 under the title MONTHLY CLIMATIC DATA FOR THE WORLD BY CONTINENTS as a 4-page mimeographed issue. The title was changed to MONTHLY CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR THE WORLD with the July 1948 issue, to MONTHLY CLIMATIC DATA FOR WORLD with the August 1948 issue, and to the present title beginning with the May 1949 issue. Exhibits 50 and 51 are abbreviated examples of the surface and upper air data tables contained in this publication. Late reports and corrections are carried in the first issue following their receipt. EXHIBIT 50 SURFRCE DATA AUGUST 1978 PRESSURE TEMPERATURE VRP0R PRECIPITATION SUN- LATITUDE LONGITUDE z z tn m U- o PRESSURE SHINE STATION UJ UJ tn >- CC UJ u. o o o ce cc a cc UJ •— » u_ z 3 3 3 _j *— oe o o t— 1— u.n »— a; a: CD (/) Z 1- z uj z - cr cc CC CC :> cc 0- cc O- a. <-i OOC _» => cc UJ >— UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ o o UJ =} UJ O 3" UJ z o sc tn zz tn _i E a n a z/v V— a a a. ji c * METERS MB MB °c °C MB MB MM MM 7. EUROPE SPAIN LA CORUNA 43 22 N 08 25 W 67 31 101 1 .4 1019.5 19.1 • 0.2 17.2 -0.1 4 12 - 35 1 1 15 VALLADOLID 41 39 N 04 43 W 715 31 937.4 1014.5 22.0 ♦ 1.1 1 1 .4 -0.6 2 14 3 105 ZARAGOZA 41 39 N 00 S3 M 233 31 989.2 1014.7 24.6 ♦ 0.9 15.5 ♦ 0-3 1 5 - 14 2 MADRID/BARAJAS 40 28 N 03 34 w 606 U MADRID/RETIRO 40 24 N 03 41 w 657 31 942.0 1016.2 24.7 ♦ 1 .0 12.4 -0.5 - 14 105 BA0AJ0Z 38 53 N 06 56 w 195 31 993.2 1015.2 26.5 ♦ 1 .0 14.5 ♦ 0.5 - 4 3 100 SEVILLA/TABLADA 37 22 N 06 00 H 13 31 1015.8 1017.1 26.6 ♦ 0-3 20.5 ♦ 0.9 - 5 4 110 ALMERIA 36 50 N 02 28 w 7 31 1015.5 1016.3 26.1 . 0.7 23.7 -0.2 - 5 3 95 ALICANTE 38 22 N 00 30 w 82 31 1007.8 1016.7 24.6 - 1 .2 20.1 -2.6 - 12 1 90 BARCELONA 41 24 N 02 09 E 95 31 995.9 1016.6 23.5 - 0.8 19.9 -2.6 2 6 - 41 1 110 PALMA DE MALLORCA 39 34 N 02 39 E 17 31 1017.1 1017.8 24.6 ♦ 0.1 21 .9 -1 .6 - 26 2 95 PALMA/SON BONET 39 36 N 02 42 E 45 U MAHON. MENORCA/SAN LUIS 39 52 N 04 16 E 59 31 1008-2 1017.8 24.2 - 0.2 21 .7 ♦ 0.2 1 - 21 2 100 EXHIBIT 51 UPPER AIR DATA i a 1 ■t _ SUHPACEi 200 KB eso us iso m 700 m 100 KB ->- I i TEKfCRATun .1 el f*fm vecTO* HIM i i JtmiMnim si Is MAN VECTOR NINO i i TEftPCRKTun 88 KM VCCTON HIM STATION «i I s 8* 1 o •i i 1 J* .1 s IS g o SI 1 if .8 SI * S5 g a s EUR0F-E OM •c •c X ■ HfB OPft •c •c X ' nn on 'C •c X • fipj GREENLAND EOEDESniNOE 3 1 .002 6.1 2.1 1.377 1 .3 7.0 46 167 3 2.917 -6.7 7.2 56 166 4 1 1 .724 -46.0 66 190 8 13.645 1 -44.7 1 73 197 7 16.358 2 -44.5 2 82 194 b BNGrlflGSSRLIK 3 l.OOS 7.5 2.9 1.415 1 .7 5.9 54 92 4 2.959 -5.1 7.6 43 147 4 11.782 -47.6 63 220 14 13.685 -47.3 66 221 6 16.361 -47.8 71 220 4 NHRSSfiRSSUBQ 3 1.008 9-8 4.9 1 .407 3.5 5.5 1 42 121 2 2.960 -4.2 5.8 1 32 46 4 11 .861 -46-1 1 70 S3 II 13.779 n -45.5 1 81 59 10 16.475 1 -45.4 2 71 60 5 ICELAND KEFLRVIK 2 1 .008 11.5 2.8 1 .436 3.9 8.3 41 187 3 2.999 -2.3 11.1 36 221 3 11 .885 -50.6 52 246 9 13.773 -48.8 60 249 6 16.436 -48.8 59 240 3 UNITED KINGDOM LERWICK 3 1.005 11 .2 1.8 1 .461 5.2 6.3 34 284 3 3.025 -2.1 10.1 38 291 4 II .888 -51.7 59 304 12 13.764 -49.9 63 301 8 16.412 -50.2 57 303 4 ST0RN0HRY 3 1 .015 12.3 1 .5 1.478 5.5 4.9 37 268 3 3.046 -1 .1 8.7 45 284 5 1 1 .945 -52.9 61 292 1? 13.809 -51 .5 66 294 9 16.442 -51 .1 63 294 S RUGHT0N 1 1 .011 14.3 2.9 1 .494 6-3 4.4 52 266 5 3.067 -1 .2 6.2 55 299 6 11 .946 -53.9 69 30? 14 13.795 -53.6 75 299 10 16.397 -53.6 66 291 s CRRNIFY 3 1 .00! 14.9 3.6 1 .508 6.5 4.2 57 276 5 3.083 -0.3 9.1 59 282 6 11 .981 1 -54.0 1 68 ?9S 14 13.826 1 -54.1 1 72 292 10 16.419 1 -54.5 1 73 286 5 IRELRN0 -38- MONTHLY SUMMARY, SOLAR RADIATION DATA This publication, issued monthly only, began with data for January 1977. It presents for stations in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration network. (Exhibit 52) edited hourly and daily values of global (hemispheric) solar radiation in kilo joules per square meter (Exhibit 53). Data which are estimated, obtained from radiation models, or judged to be questionable are flagged. A station index which shows the type(s) of data published for each station (Exhibit 54) and descriptions of the data processing and flagging procedures are also included in each issue. The number of stations in the observing network is expected to increase in the 1980s. Normal incidence diffuse, and other types of solar radiation data will be included in this monthly publication in future years. Solar radiation data for earlier years have been published in several publi- cations. Data for as many as 33 stations that reported daily global and/or normal incidence radiation were published in the March 1914 through December 1949 issues of the MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. Daily global solar radiation data for as many as 80 stations were published in CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, NATIONAL SUMMARY (CDNS) from January 1950 through August 1972 and from July 1975 through December 1976. Normal incidence solar radiation and net radiation data have been published in CDNS for a few stations since January 1950 (Exhibit 25). Monthly and annual means of daily global solar radiation data for the current year and the period of record for 62 National Weather Service stations were published in the annual issues of LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA from 1963 through 1971. Much of the published global solar radiation data prior to July 1975 are considered questionable and should be used with caution. EXHIBIT 52 NOAA Solar Radiation Network -39- EXHIBIT 53 -I lD _ n ^, pi *4 in U" in ,i 01 IT) ^, ID «■ ni ru in in n o n m o (0 (D r^ o -i ID n T in rvi n T (7) p> 01 r~ 01 ru PI f^ T u (J «• 01 CD IU O h in r- if) in (H in n T T t in id m on m r* in in ri o IX) r~ (31 n ID a 1- in in in nj V r« o T ■S\ in *■ pi » n ru n pi o (M •* u ■"* o IU HI ru ■"• (\1 <\l ru CD r pi o o a o a oaooa ooooo ooaoo oaoao ooooo ojooooo ooooo oocoa ooooo ooooo oaooa ooooa ooooo oaoao ooooo aaooo ooooo aooooo oaooa ooaoo ooooo oaoao aoaao oioooao ooaoo ooooo ooooo ooooa ooooa r in "■' r~ > a ui m j UI o n o ui nj a UI I- 3 V ID ooncor- ru pt pi m •* i o a n « f pi *- ~ p> 9" " T n ni o h r^iDinoioi m m m ~ id oi a a co oi r~ id «■ T pi id ru i^ pi ru od m ^ a) o ai 000010 r» 10 01 o> o> 01 in co o ai 0) mioiD(Dinr~- 10 01 T 111 T ai co ~ co co ic inr^r^oo m id a « T 10 -. r^ co ~* od m T * r •< n p> -> r~ ru eo 01 p> 01 01 10 T r» pi pi p> n r i ni n id od r^ co r^ r* in id id cd cd r^r^TiDiD in id in in ~* r* -* in in in in 01 T pi in v »4 «H ■-• . »H —I .-( .-» »f ■-! «-l >-l >H ** i-l i-< v« «H .-I .-«•-• »-l ~t ■- !--*•-»«-• »-t T a id cd " 01 in ai h n 10 in in in r- pi cd co 01 ai in ru ~ •« ru in in v co v r- ai ••on ni 01 o m en co * pi o n b ni T a> pi o a -* inomru-" in ru o a T ru pi ru ru in « o « o ni m h h h o t 0100001 mmoioioi 01 r- co ai co ai 01 01 ru -* 01 -h ~ 01 ru 01 ni ni ni ni h « ru 01 m -< -1 « -* « -* -. -. n _■ -1 -« n 01 co 01 n h -1 co 01 10 r- T n (11 o i» Y r- m -• od a> V ai pi 10 in ru m Y Y r* Y oconTT n n n ™ o ni 01 -> ni -1 mr-«oo « o o « o -■ ru ru ru ~ 01 nj 01 ru 01 oioirt ni ni ru ru ru 01 ru 1 •< m m hi hi - im i\i ni ru ru o id id ru id p> a o m r» 10 f^ co ru « co ~« r~ r» 01 n ni o 10 ^ 10 -> co Y co 10 -• r^ 01 r^ ru p> in ru o id cd pi 01 o od i- nr-oioin inmp-^r) ioTO)r^io « «• ^ n fi ni h h n n n rioj(o«-> « h a n in idoooo oocnooi -• m ni m ni 01 ru ni oj (\i ni ojojojruoj rum ru~ ^ojojcuoj ojoj^ru« oj n r ni tfi 10 eoojr-\roj ^-airiNiD ni id ru 01 01 o u u 01 t rur^voru id -^r^iD0J^"in iDOi^r^oi oif^r^oir^ f^r^cnin-^ h 01 01 n id oD^r^iDio in rtrtOOO CD ID co o o 01 r^ m CD CD CD CD ^ UD C rilDCOf^f^ Nf^lDr^in p* ojojojojru « 1 ni ni « -1 -1 -< ^ «« -• -i m •<•<•< •< -i « *» »< •< -< ooioioniD n n » r» <■ mnooim aoi^mn 1 □ 09 in m ni a o x gi r^ 1 id id h 01 1 Toin^OD id id 01 hi r 01010100 ru in ru od co 01 T oi> 11 ru m id id m in Tnmtnm t-"TT« n It i" •< n nnnojoj oirunioj« o oir^Noicoi"- inTauiio r^rur*-**" oooDiniDio i^idto* coovent^ id ojo)r~-io * 1 o ni g « r> in -1 m p-i^ootoj m - m pi o T n n 1/1 e 01 f^oioioio) •• CO 01 O) co co T co ai in r^r^r^niD p^i^r^tDio toioiDiDin r^ co T - o h T ni im id id hi or-i^0DO « o 10 hi h n t o d ci T«r»mr^ ru n n « co n n^minin innruTn f^ooioruin i^cd^ioio t o (j " 01 r^ F) oj ru PI OJ HI HI CD Lu z: r-oTTao ooaoo ooooo oaooo ooaao 00000 CD *~* H - • h nj pi T id ior~coo>o ■< m pi r ih id r- co 01 a » « n » * id r- co en o aooooo 0000-> ^«__„ _ „ _ _ ru ru ru ru ru ru Hi 01 Hi (V pi -40- EXHIBIT 54 Id Ld UJ >- u u o or Id UJ Ld Ld UJ UJ u u u u o u > > > H ot or a a: > > at a UJ UJ l/l Ul or a or or or >>>>> a a a a a or UJ Ul Ld UJ UJ UJ ui (/) (/i in ui 1/1 or a a a a a UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ I I I I I I I- H H K h- H >>>>> a ot at a at a Ld LU Ld Ld Ld U Ul VI VI l/l Ul Ul a a a a or at UJ UJ UJ LJ UJ LJ I I I I I I H t- I- (- I- h- >>>>> a a at at at at at at at at at at UJ UJ LJ LJ LJ LJ I I I I 2 I t- (- t- I- H »- >>>>> a a a or or or LJ LJ LJ LJ LJ LJ l/l VI l/l l/l l/l l/l I I I Z I I H H t- »- H H > > > > or or or or or LJ LJ LJ LJ LJ I/) l/l l/l 10 l/l I I I I I Y- t- H H H- - i > CI 3 H a h- o i h- z CD t- »-i Li h E CI »-« u r> »-H (I a at i rr >< at ^-i LJ H ill ^ ci CM -. ru -> — X X X X X X -i T co cm o cm -> o rvi -> r> « 1(1 T lO 01 ID T X X X X ^ ID CM 10 CM CD r- co « o r- co D rt CM CO CM r«- m n -i oi co « *• r- o> H -1 (\l IB c Z • CD ID 3 3 3 3 3 3 nir h n r iii III N O T N h 3 3 3 3 3 3 ru r- ru to id co n m ni •"* *< m 3 3 3 3 3 3 n p> -« n t\i r~ -i o o -• nj t 3 3 3 3 3 3 id « r^ -h a m r o n it m m 3 3 3 3 3 3 n h id r h ■ h t a ai x it 3 3 3 3 3 CO 01 CO O T m o " m T a « -< — -• rt CO O ? 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Z L_] C3 ££:;S2 < O -O :« •O : Pm : CC iH •O :< IH a 8 O -:x • ti :0 :Q :W :« • *z • • OX • --• oz — • ■• o z •: I. u o — a _» 11 * s 1.2 o is K I J I- O 3 O 3 — * -O an. « ""°°^ J3 a o B a B -« - - S HI -O «^»% if- -o « « « en 1A »- tO « intrt « « « s ir «-.«-- -D -O if. M m «t« <« a a m *\ a * p- « a #n «a>«m «n -o -o i- o a r- a o ■* >n o «r\ift o cd o u> (run in in -o s C* -*0> t- "N o n«na« *^ ■? • r " 0,0 ' 2 «n *r^ * «\ « * in r- o m m« *\ w> <■ 2 ithnh o « r- o *> 2 «> O m « «d r- <71 •XDhM * •»•• - K ° r- » r- « r- r- O » « r- o r- r- «n mm A m >-o ■ o Z -t - J-I . - U X M. « z * o IltlVI •n « wn o m «nm mm « o o *- o < « ■»«■»*•» m m m¥\r- > ^o — o o - Z »J -* o « VltuX O O Of tai « ui < a. « 3 D5>uoOu -A3- SNOW COVER SURVEYS This annual report presents monthly data on snow depth and its water equivalent for the season December through April (Exhibit 59). These data are compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and published by the National Weather Service. The area covered by the report includes about 700 stations in New England and New York State, and a few reporting stations in Pennsylvania. The number of stations may vary from season to season. This annual summary of snow cover data for New York and New England started in 1941 , when the efforts of many diverse interests were brought together under the auspices of the Eastern Snow Conference. The report is a result of the cooperative efforts of federal, state, and municipal governmental agencies and commissions, public utilities, and private industries. Additional detailed information, where available, may be obtained from the agency furnishing the data or the appropriate office of the U.S. Geological Survey at the following locations: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey-WRD P.O. Box 1350 Albany, NY 12201 Hydrologist-in-Charge USGS-WRD 26 Ganneston Dr. Augusta, ME" 04330 District Chief USGS-WRD 150 Causeway St. Suite 1001 Boston, MA 02114 EXHIBIT 59 SNOW SURVEY DATA LOCATION AGENCY FURNISHING DATA DECEM8ER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL STREAM BASINS ELEV LAT LONG DATE INCHES DATE INCHES DATE INCHES DATE INCHES DATE INCHES SNOW COURSES AND STATE SNOW DEPTH WATER EQUIV SNOW DEPTH WATER EQUIV SNOW DEPTH WATER EQUIV. SNOW DEPTH WATER EQUIV SNOW DEPTH WAIER EQUIV North Creek, N.Y. 1150 43 43 73 59 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. 3 17.3 3.58 1 28.0 6.56 1 15 27 26.6 23.6 23.7 6.77 6.01 7.20 10 24 17.4 0.0 6.9 0.0 Olmstedville, N.Y. 1340 43 45 73 55 NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation 2 30 16.0 24.0 - 27 23.0 - 13 26 20.0 19.0 - 10 13.0 - Paradox Lake, N.Y. 950 43 53 73 40 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. 4 31 16.4 29.3 3.40 6.67 28 27.7 7.36 14 28 28:2 16.8 8.57 5.50 11 25 15.8 P 5.9 P Peters Corners, N.Y. 1520 43 10 74 24 Board of Hudson River- Black River Regulating District 3 30 29.7 37.4 6.36 9.40 27 36.4 10.54 13 28 36.0 34.4 10.43 11.54 10 24 30.4 17.4 10.96 6.40 Piseco, N.Y. 1680 43 26 74 31 " 3 30 27.4 36.4 5.58 8.98 27 38.6 10.28 13 28 35.6 35.6 10.10 11.03 10 24 30.4 10.4 10.16 4.12 Sacandaga Park, N.Y. 810 43 13 74 11 " 4 31 19.0 25.6 4.03 6.38 28 25.4 6.48 14 29 24.2 22.2 7.50 7.28 11 25 13.8 0.0 4.52 0.0 Saratoga Battlefield, N.Y. 300 43 01 73 39 U.S. Geological Survey 3 30 6.0 9.1 1.20 2.75 27 8.2 2.50 14 27 6.7 1.6 2.54 1.05 10 0.0 0.0 Schroon Lake, N.Y. 878 43 50 73 47 NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation 2 30 13.0 28.0 - 27 26.0 - 6 13 28.0 15.0 - Schroon River, N.Y. 930 44 01 73 42 National Weather Service 2 30 22.0 30.0 3.40 8.00 27 29.0 9.00 13 27 25.0 25.0 8.00 10.0 10 24 T 0.0 T 0.0 -44- STORAGE-GAGE PRECIPITATION DATA FOR WESTERN UNITED STATES This annual publication, issued from 1955 through 1976, presented precipi- tation data and a station index for locations in the remote areas in the States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming that are equipped with storage precipitation gages that require reading and maintenance only at monthly or seasonal intervals (Exhibit 60). It also contained a station location map for each State or portion of a State. This data bulletin was terminated as a separate publication with the data for the 1975-1976 season. Data for subsequent seasons are included in the annual issues of CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA for the appropriate State (Exhibit 17); however, data for many stations are no longer received. Volume 21 (1975-1976 season) of this publication contains a listing of stations from which data are no longer received for publication and the offices from which those data may be obtained. Prior to 1940, some storage-gage station precipitation data were published in monthly issues of CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA for the appropriate State. From January 1940 through August 1948, available storage-gage precipitation data were published for river basin areas (rather than for States) in the HYDROLOGIC BULLETINS. Publication of these data again reverted to the CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA on an annual basis (for the season July through June) in the June 1949, 1950, and 1951 issues and July 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, and 1956 issues. EXHIBIT 60 Precipitation Measurements Observation date Amount since lost obsdn) Snow on around (in.) ARIZONA AZTEC PEAK 22 1.23 Dec 30 7 . 80 1976 Jun 1 15.60 Oct 1 11.35 Observation date Feb Jun Oct Amount srce last obs-dn) around (in.) ARIZONA FOUR PEAKS (Continued) 12.61 6.03 6.24 FRAZIER WELL 4 NE Observation date Amount since last obs.(in) Snow on ground (in.) ARIZONA MAVERICK FORK Observation date Apr May Amount since lost obs.On ) Snow on ground (in.) ARIZONA RUSTLER PARK (Continued) Observotion date Amount since last obsdn ) Snow on ground (in.) CALIFORNIA ATUELL 1975 Sep 10 Sl'P 1976 27 Observation date Amount ISnowon since lost obsdn ) ground (in.) CALIFORNIA CAMP PIONEER SKI SHELTER (Continued) CAMP SIX LOOKOUT 1975 STATION INDEX ARIZO] MA as M Si w a w a 5 as ■-! 2 " RECORD Q W Q J W STATION D 5s X H a 55 COUNTY 5 3 o as o j BEGAN w ss => 1 TYPE OF GAGE NAME OR SIZE (In.) o 3 U fa s -^ MO. YR. 3 o AZTEC PEAK 0571 GILA 33 49 110 54 7700 NOV 51 8X24 9 BAKER BUTTE 0577 COCONINO 34 27 111 24 7300 JAN 66 8X42 9 BEAVERHEAD LODGE 0675 GREENLEE 33 41 109 13 8090 JAN 74 8X42 10 CANYON POINT 1251 COCONINO 34 19 110 51 7600 NOV 66 8X42 9 COPPER BASIN DIVIDE 2084 YAVAPAI 34 29 112 31 6720 FEB 64 8X42 10 FLUTED ROCK 3060 APACHE 35 53 109 15 7880 OCT 51 8X24 6 FOUR PEAKS 3193 GILA 33 43 111 20 5150 JUN 52 8X24 7 FRAZIER WELL 4 NE 3237 COCONINO 35 50 113 02 6555 OCT 50 8X24 7 GREER LAKES 3688 APACHE 3 4 02 109 27 8500 OCT 41 8X24 9 HANNAGAN MEADOWS 3820 GREENLEE 33 38 109 19 9030 SEP 56 8X24 8 -45- STORM DATA This publication, issued monthly only, began with data for January 1959. It presents a chronological listing, by States, of occurrences of storms and unusual weather phenomena, together with data on the paths of individual storms; deaths, injuries, and estimated property damage; and a brief narrative description of each event (Exhibit 61). Among those types of storms and unusual weather phenomena included are: dust devils, waterspouts, hail, snow, rain, freezing precipitation, ice, flooding, flash floods, thunderstorms, wind storms, funnel clouds aloft, tornadoes, lightning, tides, tropical storms, and hurricanes. From January 1950 through December 1953 some of these data were published as "Severe Storms" and from January 1954 through December 1958 as "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena" in the monthly issues of CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA NATIONAL SUMMARY. Reports of tornadoes, hail, and losses from wind storms were listed separately in yearly issues of the U.S. METEOROLOGICAL YEARBOOK from 1935 through 1942; the 1943 through 1949 reports were combined into one book. These reports were also listed in yearly issues of THE REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF THE WEATHER BUREAU from 1929 through 1934. Chronological listings of "Severe Local Storms" (particularly tornadoes) were also published in monthly issues of the MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW from January 1922 through December 1949. This publication is a good source of information on storms but, due to the difficulties inherent in the collection of this type of data, it is not all inclusive. Subsequent issues carry late reports and corrections. EXHIBIT 61 STORM DATA AND UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA i < s< fr. CO X -I 5i NO OF PERSONS ESTIMATED' DAMAGE CHARACTER OF STORM IOWA Monona Clayton County Grundy, SW Black Hawk and Tama Counties 3 NE Cladbrook to near Sladbrook to 5 E Garwir Tama County i I i I I I I : 5:30 P | I I I J 4 j 4 Severe Thunderstorm A severe thundjerstortn produced bJail ifp to an inct! in diameter and 3 inches deep bn thet groundl Hajil d4maged crops J damaged several buildings, cart and Stripped leakres - O & -J -1 S ae =3 o o OF STORM a E" W - 1 * M ~ °" u IOWA (continued) | 2 E Rlngsted to 28 I 5:25P - 1 W Fenton I 5:36P Emmet and Kossuth Counties, respectively 3 SW Bancroft to Algona to 1 NE Irvington Kossuth County 3 SW Mallard Pocahontas County 6 W Palmer (Pocahontas County) to 1/2 NW Knierlm (Calhoun County) 3 N and 1 W St. Jo to 2 E St. Joseph Kossuth County I I 5 j Tornado 6 40 | | I II I I I ' ; The small torrjado tcjuched down, |moveo>oa>QOOO>a>Gioc>ooo)a>oo p~r«.p.r«.fs.r«.r»r»r-f-r-f»'P»r«-r«.p-f»r- ° 2 r^oooor-oooooontoriomo < £ r- o n ™ n nj cm ry rv nt T T T T nira 4 o o o o o o o Q o a O o o o OPll'l HI « - * o « « Z «■ m ID r» to *o a ? < n S T 2 S o -" o o o ■* u -" - o o o o UJ \ i/i o n \ n \ u a \ \ r> \ o J ? < LL \ \ Hi If T \ in t t a> \ CD T T \ ^ O Z I T "• \ CO V ifl -^i0ioc](O^>tft'r(£>ocBtno9incDCBCB -Or-OOCDO-OO (M\CDi^O-iDtflT — OOriDtfiOO — o \irotoooocoior»eDoirt Oin«r>Toa)o\i(fln- -» -. n cd a K> e> eo r- r* r- -• r« r- -i-«r-r-f«>f\iO-«ni iCincortiO^oonooar-r-oooo QiPjnTTOVTTOOOOOOTTT -DO-000000000000 iNfioiDfinonn-Miiofio • nini'irininanin-'Ononini moNcieo \ \pp \»\on ->o\oo\\\\\\o\\o ODOOi(l\ir«\ \OJIQ \if o r* cv to r* oonoooof oniWf \B\\\\\» T T T T T \ ar-r-f«-rtiof>nnir«ini->TTT 'TOB«T-na«onnnn ■ r- n - m r% I tiACOI)|l«> ■ -^iDMC-Diiinnooicofnifeonca- r. o jidNnm-ivnt «nna«r«rorBdnan« unnTiAdtfto - - - ni n n n ,n « « ^ « I \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ a \\\\\\\\\V\\\\\QOQ a \\\\\v\\\\\\\\\aoo r» f^f«.^f^r*r«'r-r , 'r-^-r*r»'f , 'r-p'r«.r"'^ a — Tr^cDT-«n-"ncDinf^rin((Doicnci>iDtoco>oa>0)ioo>o>cacPoia>CB i_j _. ooootfitfiiitmoaiftaaaoooo z. i oooo*"vr.->iMoor>ooooooo OOOiOlOiOOir-'u TWTifllDniP— ' - aOiTO^OO- (DCD^^^r-r-ior-ODr-^tn^r-CDeDaD ( I —i J, ]-] — M (Qjfl ifl * o a a o o o cap o c o - m t «■ * •* w i- ■ OHQonninnii OOOOiAM^nil Tonrvonaonn DOl^OOOOOOO rynjruryfv.-\rViryfMryi- l jf\,nj 1 -ynjf\rynj ooTsojiamaiOTOOoao-iCB ifioooaaioo-iTrconirooo ---«-i-,njr\in(njni(\nnoanDi£i - a - o c o a o <*> cd o u CD cd nt f- o CD t ooooniooc 01-6 tr - ■' IBCdB o a a e» n u aaactaictaaa t'JTn-uiDrvBiOIDIEifllDO * J\ s f>m- (CCC — riCDTaCOf UUUi33Lj33ijJuj3 3yui mtpoOi/ip'— moiiif o-coo*Ttf)f^iP*fioirfinrf>oini*Or.«-.onirtriT*r' lOrfinOio — o a o n a r» j cdcd^^ io«fiiCTnnnnp ooooooooooooc ooooooDonoooc iaoBCooo0**oaiooo • DSMOipnnioooa^tfin joooooooaoooooo joooaoooooooaoo tOVViTTrtiODil .\\V\\\\\\\* \ \ \ V a o oooooooooo-oooruoo ooooooooaocBooocnao irnnnOinnioonDoairaiioifl ooooooo-*o-"-«ooo-*ooo (OP'r»o)TiOir*'(Df'0Dr'f«p« O CD r- ir ooooOoooooooino-ooip 0\\00\00\N\\\\\\\0 0\\00\00\\\fM\P»^\\p toa>no)0>if>o»o>TDir* \oiiPi/iii>S J>u3ioo0i£iooifli0unp- \ o if in in rfi r-CDCDoOCDOOCDCDaDiraiaDinCDCDP- ,„ J" lOoD — ifiiD p -Of- *M r- O CD CB \t\ OOO-Oo-OOO-O^O-OOi^ j-iTon^in-iocoBDTcriSrviLniiir-v — « — CD aoo+i5mo-«oocDino nr-f\i l nJ' l C^TOOiDTOi£i'D-njT OOOflOOTOoOiOonjOTOOtf ooooOooooooooooooo OOOioOor-OoOnioAlO^OOr' ooooOooooOnofionoon* p>CDCDO a (DOOCDVCDCDenCD9CDID^' nmonniriniiofOoosaOooo ifir»cDi/i*f^ii>CDo H ru(DQni>foncD f - \p\n\\onni\«v\n\ » VTTOiflXnifaininiiflom o-oooo-oooooooo "oonfmiv °l^s lOOOOOO- flOOOiocOTCoDiflCOr) -to \onii(iT(»inioT«-»T into \oooooQoooj\nio u^io.ncc^n^inTocji— riA)o OCDCSttoaiOCBOoOOOOo p. 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City . 83 + 3 4.8 ♦ 4.1 Montgomery. . . . 81 n . !i .7 New Orleans . . . i r . + 3 1.5 o 83 + ?. 1.6 ♦ .7 -51- EXHIBIT 70 Feb, 6, 1979 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin HEATING DEGREE DAYS (BASE 65°) FOR WEEK ENDING FEB. <\, 1979. STATES AND STATIONS UEEKLV SEASONAL ACCUMULATION * * UJ cc ZD r- CC < Q_ UJ Q 00 1^ I uj r^- cct^ ZJCN i 1 cc <2I Q- O UJ DC q IN- STATES AND STATIONS UEEKLV SEASONAL ACCUMULATION ♦ < O cc ZD r- CC < Q_ UJ O CO UJ f- CC>- rscN I — I cc <5I Q_ O UJ CC QU_ STATES AND STATIONS UEEKLV SEASONAL ACCUMULATION O * UJ CC ZD J- CC < 0_ UJ Q CO r<- i UJ IV 0£N- r- cc > < 01 u 3 P u d ft 01 a id p E- Ol u 3 p U OJ ft CD a a bo id u 01 > < cu u 3 u id ft 01. p id p E-i Ol u 3 P U id ft 01 Q 01 bo id U Ol > Ol u 3 P U id ft 01 n id ■p 01 u 3 p U ft Ol a ALA. Birmingham. . . Montgomery. . . . ALASKA. Anchorage. . Fairbanks .... 38 45 43 22 - 8 21 38 20 - 6 - 6 - 5 + 10 + 4 - 3 + 8 +14 5.9 5.1 5.7 .2 .6 2.2 8.7 1.1 + 1.1 + .4 . + 1.7 - .6 O - 1.7 + 3.7 + .2 LA. Baton Rouge. . . Lake Charles. . . New Orleans . . . Shreveport .... MAINE. Caribou . . . Portland MD. Baltimore. . . . MASS. Boston . . . . 43 44 46 37 16 24 33 33 33 - 7 - 8 - 7 -10 + 5 + 2 + 4 6.3 4.8 5.6 9.2 4.5 11.9 7.8 10.6 6.6 + 1.9 + .8 + 1.1 + 5.2 + 2.5 + 8.5 + 4.9 + 6.9 Youngstown. OKLA.Okia. Cit; Tulsa . . . OREG. Astoria. Medford . . Pendleton . r 21 25 23 35 16 36 15 31 31 - 5 -12 -14 - 6 - 9 - 1 -17 - 7 - 8 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.8 3.0 2.8 1.4 2.6 2.8 + .1 + .5 + .7 - 5.9 + 1.2 - .7 - .2 - 3.3 - 4.1 EXHIBIT 72 Feb. 6, 1979 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Heating Degree Days (Base 65' January 1979 F.) ALA. Birmingham . Mobile Montgomery. . . ALASKA , Anchorage Barrow Fairbanks . . . Juneau Nome ARIZ. Flagstaff . Phoenix .... Tucson Wins low .... Vuma 841 MAINE, Caribou. 1534 OKLA.Okia. C: ity 1221 613 Portland. . . 1272 Tulsa. . . 1283 681 MD. Baltimore . 984 OREG. Astoria 910 1321 MASS. Boston. . Chatham . . . 1002 976 Burns U . . Medford. . 1517 905 2260 MICH. Alpena. . 1580 Pendleton. 1533 1370 Detroit . . . 1432 Portland . 1058 1387 Flint .... 1516 Salem. . . 1038 1307 Grand Rapids . 1477 PA. Allentown 1142 455 Houghton Lake 1655 Erie . . . 1406 511 Lansing . . . 1509 Harrisburg 1104 1102 Marquette U . — Philadelphia 999 399 S. Ste. Marie 1733 Pittsburgh 1346 -52- PART II MARINE PUBLICATIONS MARINE CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES This series of publications was prepared and published in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). There are ten volumes, one volume for each year 1961 through 1970. Each volume contains monthly, seasonal, and annual summaries for selected elements for each of 60 marine areas or fixed ships in the United States' assigned area of responsibility (Exhibit 73) and in accordance with WMO requirements. The tables present monthly and annual observed frequencies of selected visibility, specified weather conditions, total cloud amount with the mean total and low cloud amount, dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, sea surface temperature, air-sea temperature difference, atmospheric pressure in 2-mb intervals with means for the 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 GMT observation times, and wind force by 30° direction sectors. Also included are seasonal tables of observed frequencies of wave heights and periods by 30° direction sectors and for all directions combined. Cloud amount is in OKTAS, (eighths) temperature in degrees Celsius, atmospheric pressure in millibars, wind force in Beaufort scale, wave height in meters, and wave period in seconds. Other WMO members with assigned areas of responsibility as shown in Exhibit 74 have published similar MARINE CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES for selected locations in their areas of responsibility. The addresses of the WMO members where MARINE CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES for the years 1961 through 1970 may be obtained are: Hong Kong Director, Royal Observatory Nathan Road, Kowloon Hong Kong Federal Republic of Germany Deutscher Wetterdienst-Seewetteramt D 2 Hamburg 4 Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 76 Federal Republic of Germany India Deputy Director-General of Observatories (Climatology and Geophysics) Meteorological Office Poona 5 , India Japan Marine Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-3-4, Ote-Machi, Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo, Japan Netherlands Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologlsch Instituut Utrechtseweg 297, De Bilt Netherlands United Kingdom Meteorological Office London Road Bracknell Berkshire RG12 2SZ England -55- U.S.S.R. EXHIBIT 73 Moscow Branch of the State Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information World Data Center Ulica Tchikovskogo No. 28/35 Moscow, U.S.S.R. 180* 170° 160' 150' 140' 130" 120° 110° 100' 90° 80* 70° 60° 50' -56- EXHIBIT 74 OD u i » 3 '8 a e eu « § 1 a e 8 3 O K Vi S (A < H 5 a UJ UJ ^ H u. 3 n < - N Q UJ z g CO 00 < 111 CD v*i -57- MARINERS WORLDWIDE CLIMATIC GUIDE TO TROPICAL STORMS AT SEA This 425 page GUIDE was published in 1974 by Direction of the Commander, Naval Weather Service Command as NAVAIR 50-1C-61. It provides narrative information about where and when tropical storms occur, their frequency of occurrence, and the general paths they follow. The narrative descriptions are supplemented with numerous charts, graphs, and diagrams. Also included are aerial, satellite, and surface photographs of tropical storms, and average sea conditions from 1/4-foot waves to greater than 37-foot waves associated with wind speeds from calm to 130 knots. The charts are presented in two sections: Storm Track and Frequency Maps, and Tropical Cyclone Roses. The Track and Frequency Maps section provides charts by season, and/or by 10- to 30-day intervals, during the tropical storm season for the North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, Western North Pacific, Southeast Indian, Southwest Indian, and Southwest Pacific Ocean basins, and the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Indochina oceanic areas. Each chart presents tracks preferred by tropical storms and their frequency along these tracks; and isopleths showing the scaler mean (average) speed in knots of storm movements based on 12 hour displacements. The Tropical Cyclone Roses section presents monthly and annual charts for various storm stages (tropical cyclone, tropical storm, hurricane, and tropical storm - hurricane combined) for the North Atlantic (including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico), Eastern North Pacific, Western North Pacific, Southwest Pacific and Australian area (including the Southeastern Indian Ocean), South Indian, and North Indian (including the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Ocean basins. The storm roses are presented for five degree latitude-longitude quadrangles. Each storm rose depicts statistics on the direction and speed of 12-hourly movements for tropical cyclone centers. The probability, in percent, of having at least one storm in any given year is also shown. This GUIDE may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The GPO Stock Number is 003-019-00025-0. •58- SUMMARY OF SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS (AREA OF WORLD) COASTAL MARINE AREAS This series of marine meteorological summaries is published by the U.S. Naval Oceanography Command and covers most of the coastal marine areas of the world (Exhibit 75). There are currently (1979), 95 volumes containing standard data summaries for nearly 500 selected marine areas. The initial volumes were published in 1970 with subsequent volumes issued from 1971 through 1979. Revisions are made and published from time to time. These summaries are based upon marine surface observations taken aboard vessels of varying registry in passage. Since such ships tend to avoid bad weather when possible, the data may contain a bias toward good weather. These data were, however, selected by the U.S. Naval Oceanography Command as the most comprehensive collection of marine surface weather observations from which to develop this series. There are 21 data tables for each area. Tables 1 through 19 are prepared for each calendar month, with an annual summary for each. Tables 20 and 21 contain both monthly and annual summaries. Because the number of observations may vary from one table to the other, no absolute relationship exists between the tables. The period of record used in each volume is indicated. The tables presented (described below) are based upon 8 observation times per day (GMT). The data units used are: wind direction to 8 compass points; wind speed in knots; cloud, sea, and wave height in feet; wave period in seconds; cloud amount in OKTAS (eighths); visibility in nautical miles; temperature in degrees Fahrenheit; relative humidity in percent; and atmospheric pressure in millibars. Table 1 - Percentage frequency of weather occurrence by wind direction. Table 2 - Percentage frequency of weather occurrence by hour. Table 3 - Percentage frequency of wind direction by speed and by hour and hour groups; the mean wind speed by direction is also shown. Table 4 - Percentage frequency of wind speed by hour and mean speed by hour. Table 5 - Percent frequency of total cloud amount by wind direction and the mean cloud amount by wind direction. Table 6 - Percentage frequency of ceiling heights and no ceiling by wind direction. Table 7 - Cumulative percent frequency of simultaneous occurrence of ceiling height and visibility, and percentage frequency of low clouds. Table 8 - Percent frequency of wind direction versus occurrence or non-occurrence of precipitation and varying values of visibility. -59- Table 9 - Percent frequency of wind direction versus wind speed with varying values of visibility. Table 10- Percent frequency of ceiling heights and no ceiling by hour. Table 11- Percent frequency of visibility by hour. Table 12- Cumulative percent frequency of ranges of visibility and ceiling height by hour. Table 13- Percent frequency of relative humidity by air temperature. Table 14- Percent frequency of wind direction by air temperature. Table 15- Means, extremes, and percentiles of air temperature by hour. Table 16- Percent frequency of relative humidity by hour. Table 17- Percent frequency of air temperature and the occurrence of fog (without precipitation) versus air-sea temperature difference . Table 18- Percent frequency of surface wind speed and direction versus sea height . Table 19- Percent frequency of wave height versus wave period. Table 20- Monthly and annual percent frequencies and means of sea surface temperature. Table 21- Monthly and annual average sea level pressures by hour. Monthly extremes and percentile values are also shown. Copies of publications in this series can be obtained from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. The National Climatic Center can supply definitive ordering information when the area(s) and volume number(s) are known. The number of volumes and the total number of sub areas covered in each of the 17 major coastal marine areas in this series are shown below: Marine Area EAST AFRICAN AND SELECTED ISLAND AREAS SOUTHWEST ASIAN COASTAL AREAS SOUTHEAST ASIAN COASTAL AREAS INDONESIAN COASTAL AREAS AUSTRALIAN COASTAL AREAS CHINESE-PHILIPPINE COASTAL AREAS Number of Number of Volumes Sub-areas 5 32 6 24 4 14 6 40 3 22 5 20 -60- Marine Area Number of Volumes Number of Sub-areas HAWAIIAN AND SELECTED NORTH PACIFIC ISLAND COASTAL AREAS 5 JAPANESE AND KOREAN COASTAL AREAS 11 SIBERIAN COASTAL AREAS 4 ALASKAN AND BRITISH COLUMBIAN COASTAL AREAS 5 NORTH AMERICAN COASTAL AREAS 6 CARIBBEAN AND NEARBY ISLAND COASTAL AREAS 6 SOUTH AMERICAN COASTAL AREAS 5 MEDITERRANEAN MARINE AREAS 9 WEST AFRICAN AND SELECTED ISLAND AREAS 3 WESTERN EUROPEAN COASTAL AREAS 8 SOUTH PACIFIC ISLAND AREAS 4 17 33 28 18 41 35 36 35 22 50 32 Other marine climatological publications which present narrative, graphical, chart, or combinations of these, and which contain information similar to that provided in the Summary of Synoptic Meteorological Observations, Coastal Marine Areas Series are: A Climatic Resume of the Mediterranean Sea (AD-A023 929) Bermuda Environmental Scenario (AD-A007 448) Climatological Study, Southern California Operating Area (AD-721 117) Climatic Study of the Near Coastal Zone, East Coast of the U.S. (AD-A024 991) Climatic Study of the Near Coastal Zone, West Coast of the U.S. • (AD-A024 992) Climatic Summaries for Major Indian Ocean Ports and Waters (AD-A026 538) Climatic Summaries for Major Seventh Fleet Ports and Waters (AD-A026 537) Environmental Guide for the Mona Passage Area Environmental Guide for Seven (7) U.S. Ports Environmental Guide for the U.S. Gulf Coast Northeast Atlantic Environmental Scenario (AD-A002 067) -61- Northeast Pacific Environmental Scenario (AD-A781 673) A Study of Fog and Stratus for Selected Cold Regions (AD-A023 591) Study of Worldwide Occurrence of Fog, Thunderstorms , Supercooled Low Clouds, and Freezing Temperatures (AD-A058 496) The above publications with the NTIS stock number shown in parentheses are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd . , Springfield, VA 22161. All others are available from the National Climtic Center. -62- EXHIBIT 75 CO < Q O O Z z c Lo 0. < < «r < oo < o o < o o X !> t- z z 0- u- < UJ $ CO 0.10 OR > 0.50 INCH STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANN CAMDEN 1 O.IO 7 7 7 8 7 5 4 5 5 4 6 6 71 YEARS 7 7 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0.50 4 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 3 2 4 3 37 YEARS 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 CAMP CHAFFEE O.10 4 5 7 9 8 6 5 4 4 3 5 3 63 YEARS 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0.50 2 2 3 5 4 2 3 3 2 1 3 1 31 YEARS 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 CARLISLE 1 SW 0.1O 6 6 7 8 6 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 65 YEARS 6 7 6 5 6 7 6 7 7 6 7 7 0.50 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 34 YEARS 8 9 6 7 8 10 8 8 9 9 10 10 CLARENDON 0.1O 7 7 7 8 6 5 6 4 4 5 6 6 71 YEARS 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0.50 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 36 YEARS 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 -76- EXHIBIT 84 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1956 1959 1960 PERIOD YEARS RECORO YEARS 42.1 11 46.5 51.1 43.9 *5. 8 10 45.9 11 51.6 51.2 57.1 51.0 53.2 50.0 45.9 52.2 50.7 10 50.6 11 MEAN TEMPERATURE 59.4 58.2 BOONEVILLE 66.5 70.5 72.6 11 69.8 75.7 76.2 10 78.0 11 81.4 83.1 80.9 86.5 84.1 83.7 81.8 11 82.4 62.6 61.3 81.3 11 75.1 10 74.2 12 59.8 59. 5M 46.4 51.2 50.2 51.5 50.2 49.4 49.9 11 43.8 42.7 MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE EXHIBIT 85 STATION MAY JUNE JUIY AUG SEPT OCT ALUM FORK ARKADELPHIA ASHDOWN BALD KNOB BATESVILLE LIVESTOCK PER REC PER REC PER REC PER REC 57.1 56.6 53 53.2 65.8 67.5 90.8 90.0 91.5 90 92 92.0 94.0 93.0 66.8 66.1 76.0 76.1 63.2 63.3 64.9 65.6 65.1 65.2 62.2 62.0 61.4 61.5 55.2 55.0 57.2 56.3 57.7 57.7 53.7 53.3 52.2 51.3 74.0 73.7 76.1 75.5 76.4 75.8 73.0 72.8 72.5 72.0 MEAN DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE STATION NO. OF YEARS IAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANN ALUM FORK PER 9 31.5 34.7 38.6 48.3 58.3 65.4 69.2 68.5 61.1 50.1 37.8 33.3 49.7 REC 21 30.9 33.8 39.0 48.8 57.5 65.2 68.4 67.6 60.6 50.6 38.6 33.0 49.5 ARKADELPHIA PER 9 33.7 36.9 40.3 50.5 59.1 67.1 70.6 69.7 61.9 50.8 36.9 34.6 51.2 REC 33 32.5 34.6 41.9 50.2 58.4 66.7 69.8 69.2 62.5 50.4 39.5 33.7 50.8 ASHDOWN PER 8 34.1 37.1 40.9 50.9 59.4 66.4 70.9 69.0 61.8 49.6 38.2 34.2 51.0 REC 13 33.8 35.7 41.4 51.3 59.2 66.4 69.6 66.6 61.4 50.3 36.0 33.5 50.8 BALD KNOB PER 9 30.2 34.0 38.5 49.1 57.5 64.9 68.1 66.9 58.7 47.2 35.5 31.6 46.5 REC 10 30.2 34.1 36.4 48.7 57.7 65.0 67.9 66.7 sa.9 47.6 35.3 31.1 48.5 HIGHEST TEMPERATURE STATION NO. OF YEARS JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JUIY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANN GILBERT PFR 9 80 82 87 94 94 105 114 109 107 97 84 82 114 REC 22 62 82 67 94 94 106 114 113 107 97 87 82 114 GRAVETTE PEP 9 77 82 84 89 99 103 113 107 104 97 61 77 113 Rfr 60 77 62 92 92 99 106 114 113 106 97 86 77 114 HARRISON PFR 9 78 82 86 92 94 102 110 105 103 96 85 82 110 RFC 57 81 87 98 99 99 105 112 112 106 96 86 62 112 HELENA PFR a 78 60 84 89 97 106 105 105 104 94 85 79 106 REC 60 78 62 92 98 103 108 111 109 113 99 90 81 113 LOWEST TEMPERATURE EXHIBIT 86 EXHIBIT 87 EXHIBIT 88 STATION NO. OF >SA»S JAN FE6 MAR APR MAY JUNE' JUIY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC ANN GILBERT PER 9 REC 23 - 1 -20 -23 10 2 21 20 32 32 44 44 49 46 45 44 32 31 15 15 6 3 - 2 - 4 - 23 - 23 GRAVETTE PER 9 REC 60 - • -24 -13 2 -1* 16 IS 28 24 43 39 49 44 45 42 37 28 16 12 4 4 - * -21 - 13 - 29 HARRISON PER 9 REC 56 -18 -17 8 -10 20 20 30 28 43 42 SI 41 45 41 34 30 20 17 6 S - 1 - 6 - 14 - 18 HELENA »ER 9 REC 60 11 - 9 I 7 16 11 32 27 42 36 52 46 61 52 57 48 48 37 29 25 20 12 IS a - 3 - 9 HOPE 3 NE »ER 8 REC 77 11 - a - 4 -10 19 9 30 27 39 38 50 45 60 53 53 52 45 34 25 25 IS IS 10 8 - 4 - 10 -77- EXHIBIT 90 EXHIBIT 91 Z o t— < o Q_ < > UJ Z < UJ 5 CO 10 z o 10 .. 0* CO r«- z < rt r- m CO 00 m m m in * 6 UJ m u-i cn o m oo CO 10 CO CO ■CM H M ■"* -"* ** K o «t a IM f- 4- (0 CO CO en o •CM •fH • CM •CM 10 to ■4- CO CO Ot cm r- 10 r-( CO o "" ■*" r» ■* r- r- ■*■ «0 r- Z 3 * r- a> 4- cn co m cm o* r- 0*>fM 1- 0t 10 10 to r*- 10 «0 10 tj *» co r- CO CM rH CO rH 0*> 1- o 1 Ifl 10 to 10 m 10 m in z> z> Z> z> Z>- z a Z u o < UJ z $ UJ 3 z -J 0* z -J Z UJ r- z z 3 > 0£ » _J CO 3 Q -J UJ 1- O UJ * 5 CO 0. 10 3 o z * 3 z 8 y- EXHIBIT 89 o CM CO VI o o Os Al r- < UJ Q. co >- < Q u_ o UJ CO Z z < f- CM t0 CO CO o CM o* O 0t z O m r- o Ch h- 01 O CO z O O COO o o r- ct- o o r* o O O O O o o o o i~* CM ^» o > O O CO o o o c- r- o o -< o o o o o fM O O O mo>oo o o o CO o o o 3 ... o> 0> o o in o o o r- o o o Ch o o o ch o o o z "■ „ r~ o o o CO o o o in o O o * o o o in o + o 1 M •-* o + o o o + o + OHO o o o o ■i o to o < „ o o *> © o o r- o O O 00 o o o 4" O O O iH o 1 A o o o o O O f- o o o to o o o f- o o o m o ■*■ z < o o m o o o a o< 0*0 o o CM O OOH0- 10 V) to to CO CO (O CO CO to oc or or or or ae or or or ct O < CM< o < tsi< O < CM < o < IM < O < CM < Ql uj fO UJ OMU CO UJ C> lU CO UJ ro UJ o> UJ CO UJ >- > >- >- >- >- >- >- >- >- or o o. 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U. CO -a «n CO in m co r- o m ■£> ift en m> * in en o O * ^« UJ 5.03 8.15 4.55 -- co ^" en cm >0 m 4 en 4 IMf> 4 4 4.02 3.88 1.31 5.65 ■« e> o »n r- r- o O 4 4 «M 4 4 *n«> 4 O eo » « CD (M m -o en cm en UJ 4 Kl s Z «e I 0) 0) E E O XX a c ■H -H el a C B 3 3 o o ss II ^ lequrnn uopvffl cn OJ IOJ9H V ofinvip jo &dX ^ eo rH CO b-HS cos d V ao W s o o CJ o I— 1 o ■ a K £ "«A CO m 10 m CO §5 rH •s £ a 6 qjnow reo A oo( snoiAQid o raoi; aoTjpexrp ptre ootrej/SiQ eai|]0 }sod raoq o in CM DQ CQ CD * CM w CO CQ w CO CO Jlp pUV yJUVJUL(J M IO O o o CT> cn cn cn CN CM m CN h- H •PmB«l CN o n CN CN CO m CN CN m m in CO CO in «f m CO CO CO COCO CD CO CO CO to GO CM OO *• 30 X CD j^qamn xapaj H I*- 00 o o m CO M O o O Hrt H rH rt M is i a & u *» •D c u u EH a cn CO ai 2 O rt n H ■t-* 4-» u h a a ■H a X K i ■ Lt S3 cd d rf o a >- > CQ CQ o cn a ►o W a d a GO CO a a a B CO *j i N m to a M (4 at at h a 3 O O H CN 0> n ♦» > <*-» ^ CO CO a B c to V « (9 9 M (H o iH iH ■a t) a E a *» i-t iH 3 e i. < 03 s 3 3 at o 9 U -79- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 20 CLIMATE OF (CITY) This 4-page publication series, commonly referred to as SUBSTATION SUMMARIES, presents temperature and precipitation means and extremes data (Exhibit 94), freeze and precipitation probability statistics (Exhibits 95 and 96), sequential tables of monthly and annual mean maximum, mean minimum, and average temperature (Exhibit 97), sequential tables of monthly and annual total precipitation and total snowfall (Exhibit 98), and the monthly and annual normals for average temperature, total precipitation, total heating-degree days, and total cooling-degree days (Exhibit 99). Each summary is based upon the period of record beginning in 1951 through 1970, or through the latest complete year of record (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 or 1975) available at the time the summary was prepared. These summaries are available for 1,063 Cooperative Climatological Stations in the 50 States and Puerto Rico. Similar summaries that also contain a narrative description of the local climate and station history information are available for nearly 1,800 additional stations. Those summaries usually are based upon earlier and generally longer periods of record and, in general, do not contain sequential tables of monthly and annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures , monthly and annual normals , or freeze and precipitation probability statistics. -80- EXHIBIT 94 LATITUoE N31 32 LONGITUDE W64 0" CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY MEANS ANO EXTREMES FOR PE&IO0 195 1.-197S ALBANY J SE, GA ELFVATIQN 160 TEMPERATURE ('F) PRECIPITATION TOTALS (INCHES) MEANS EXTREMES MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS Z < ui x O x < ul > H Ul h X < o o x < w >• > < SNOW, SLEET MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS MONTH 5 = x 21 5 Si > -1 I t- z O 5 O X Ul - X X x < > >- < Q Oh x S3 x < ul >- > < a MAX. M1N. Z < w 2 X z X < > h X ul X < Ul > >■ < a Ul X O X o Q W X o z o ul X o Z 8 i> n 1-4 U 9* zo < -1 o Ul O CQ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY J UN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 61.6 63.9 70.8 79.2 "6.1 90.6 92.0 92.2 68.3 "0.3 70.4 63.2 38.0 39.5 *5.* 53.3 61.0 67.6 70.6 70.2 65.9 34.2 43.2 38.2 49.8 51.7 58.1 66.3 73.6 79.2 81.3 81.2 77.2 67.3 S6.9 30.7 82* 85* 90* 99 10? 103 10' 109* 101 + 9« 8»* 83 75 62 55 62 62 52 52 54 57 54 61 71 31 27 12 30 20 28 25 18 2 6 6 17 6 11 21* 30* 39* 69 37 57 37 29* 14* 6 66 66 6B 71 71 16 tl 67 67 68 70 62 31 1 * > 3 3 1» 15 3" 2» 2» 1' n 1 10 19 23 23 13 2 11 6 4 ft ft ft 1 3 11 ft 4.34 4.89 4.9ft 4.60 3.91 4.83 5.84 3.97 4.03 1.85 2.33 3.93 11.94 9,36 9,09 9.41 6,97 11,17 9,98 8.73 10,09 6,90 8,28 9,99 64 74 71 73 66 63 33 61 53 39 37 33 2.75 3.23 3.32 3.35 2.88 3.04 3,66 3.68 3.96 3.03 2.99 2.5a 7J 74 59 73 38 72 36 54 56 59 37 61 1 T 6 10 20 20 16 8 23 30 30 13 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.0 73 3.9 73 10 YEAR JIJN. DEC JAN SEP FEB FEB 76.2J 53.9 1 66. 1 | 10? 1 52 [ 28 | 6*|62|13| 93| 0| 40| o| 49.48| U,94|64| 3 .98 1 56| 25| .l| 3.0|73| 3.0|73|1S| 73| 33| 1* + ALSO ON EARLIER DATES EXHIBIT 95 FREEZE PROBABILITIES .10 PROBABILITY nf LATER DATE IN SPRING (Mft/nA) THAN INDICATED .20 .30 ,4ft ,80 .60 >70 .80 .90 32 4/ 1 3/25 3/20 3/16 3/12 3/ 8 3/ 4 2/27 2/20 28 3/31 3/19 3/10 3/ 3 2/24 2/17 2/ 9 1/«1 1/19 24 3/17 3/ 5 2/25 2/18 2/11 2/ 4 1/27 1/lS 1/ 3 20 2/17 2/ 8 2/ 1 1/25 1/19 1/12 1/ 3 0/ 0/ 16 2/ 1 1/23 1/14 0/ o/ o 0/ 0/ o o/ o 0/ o 0/ PROBABILITY OF nCCUPRFNCE OF THRESHOLD T£Mp iS LESS THAN INOICATEft PROBABILITY TEMP .10 PROBABILITY nF EARLIER DATE IN FALL (MO/OA) THAN INOICATEO .20 .30 ,40 ,50 .60 .70 .80 .90 42 10/25 11/ 1 28 11/ 7 11/13 24 U/12 H/21 20 11/30 12/10 16 12/24 1/ B 0/ PROBABILITY OF HCCUKRENCE 0' THBfWOlD T£Mp iS LESS THAN INOICATEft PROBABILITY 11/ 5 11/ 9 U/13 11/16 11/20 11/23 12/ 1 11/1* 11/22 U/26 11/29 12/ 3 12/ 8 12/14 11/2" 12/ 4 12/ 9 12/15 12/21 12/28 1/ 9 12/17 12/24 12/30 1/ 6 1/16 0/ 0/ 1/23 0/ 0/ o/ o 0/ 0/ 0/ .10 PROBABILITY OF LONGER THAN INDICATED F"EFZF FRFE PERIOO (DAYS) .20 .30 ,40 ,50 ,60 .70 .60 .90 32 276 266 23" 231 243 219 232 224 213 28 318 303 292 233 274 266 236 245 230 24 >365 329 MA 304 293 286 276 268 254 20 >363 >3«S >">63 >363 340 3*0 322 313 303 16 >363 >365 >'65 >363 >363 >365 >363 >365 343 -81- EXHIBIT 96 PkECIPlTATlQN WITH PROBABILITY EOUAL DR LESS THAN FF8 APR MAY JUL AUG SFP OCT OFC 1.05 1.0* i.*e 1.21 1.00 0.15 2.15 2.76 1.17 0.89 0.00 0.43 1.37 0.10 1.** 1.93 1.66 l.*l 1.20 2.59 3.27 1.53 1.26 0.14 0.6* 1.73 0.20 2.0? 2.62 2.37 2.08 !.77 3.(9 3.96 2.10 1.85 0.49 0.98 2,26 o.lo 2.63 3.21 3.00 2.69 2.29 3.68 *.52 2.59 2.39 0.79 1.30 2.71 o.4o 3.19 3.79 3.62 3.30 2.«0 '. )* 5.04 3,06 2.92 1.10 1.62 3,1* n.50 3. 78 4.38 4.28 1.94 3.35 4.60 5.57 3.55 3.49 1.** 1.97 3,58 0.60 4.45 5.05 5.02 '.68 1.98 5.0* 6.12 4.10 *.13 1.83 2.37 *,07 0.70 *.?0 5,78 5.86 *.S3 4.70 5.6b 6.75 *.?1 *,87 2.32 2.8* 4,60 n t «o 6.20 ly.lt, 6.96 6.65 •.45 6.3 7 7.55 5.51 5.85 2.9* 3.46 5.28 o.9o 7.91 B.3S 8. A* B.56 7.26 7.45 8.75 6.87 7.52 4.03 4.52 6,46 0.9b 9,29 9.6^ 10.37 10.15 ".61 8.43 9.83 7.93 8.90 5.02 5.43 7.33 EXHIBIT 97 STATIUNI 09 0140 MAX TEMP ALBANY 3 SE, GA VR JAN FEB MAR APR HA* J UN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 51 64,3 67.0 72.4 76.3 87.0 93.6 94.7 95.2 90,2 82.2 68.1 67. 7H 79, 9M 32 70.0 65.7 72.6 76.8 86.5 96.2 96.2 92.3 85,3 77,1 69.9 39.7 79.0 13 65.0 63.9 74.5 77.3 89,4 93.0 91.3 92.3 86.5 80.9 68.9 60.5 78.6 54 65,5 69.8" 7n.S • 3.0 82.1 94.3 96.3 96.9 94,2 83.3 68.1 61.2 80. *M 53 61.1 66.2 7».* • 3.1 89.8 90.2 92.9 95.6 89,3 79.8 70.0 62.9 79.9 56 60. it 71.2 72.3 79.2 89.2 92.3 92.5 96.0 89,0 80.3 70.7 71.8 80,5 57 66.5 73.6 70,6 • 1.0 86.5 90.8 93.2 94.1 87,1 76.4 71.1 64.3 79,6 58 56,2 36.7 67.0 79.7 86,4 91.1 91.3 93.1 92.2 79,2 73.6 60.7 77.* 59 62.1 65.5 6">.l 79.3 89,0 91.3 92.6 94.1 88.4 79,1 71.3 64.3 78.9 60 61.2 62.9 62.6 • 0.9 83.8 91.3 93.9 93,0 90,4 82.7 73.7 61.5 78.3 »1 37,9 70.0 76.4 76.0 84.3 89.3 93.1 90.1 90,9 83,8 73,8 64.7 79.* 62 60.7 74.5 69.0 78.4 95.3 91.4 95.4 95.8 89,4 • 4.0 68.7 60.1 80.2 63 58.3 61.2 75.6 • 1.8 88.3 91.4 92.6 94.5 87. 7M 81.1 69.4 35.* 78. 1M 64 56. IE 57.8 70.1 77.9 84.7 91.2 87.8 • 8.4 87,2 74.6 72.3 63.6 76. OE 70 52.* 61.8 7n.O • 0.6 86.8 88.0 92.4 90.4 91.5 • 1.6 66,9 67.1 77.3 71 72 73 74 60.0 64.3 66.4 78.0 81.2 91.2 89.5 90.0 88,8 81.9 70.3 69.2 77.6 66.6 49,8 7? .2 79.3 82.0 • 8.8 91.2 93.1 92,9m 80.0 66. 7M 66.7 78.3M 59,4 59. 3M 72.7 73.7 82.7 88.6 93.0 91.3 90.3 82,9 74.9 62.6 77. 6M 72.0 64.0 74.4 77.2 83.8 87.9 •9.0 • 6<1 83,0 78,3 70.8 61.8 77,6 75 64.7 66.5 69.4 75.3 86.3 • 8.5 84. OM 87,6 83.5 80,8 70. 6M 61. OM 76, 3M 15*1,0 1597.1 .2 1978.8 2153.7 2264.5 2299.4 2304.3 2213.2 2008.2 1761.1 1578.8 1956.0 STATIONl 09 0140 MIN 1EMP ALBANY 3 SE. 6A VR JAN FEB MAR Apr NAY J UN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 51 40,0 43.0 5*. 6 54.7 61.2 71.1 73.1 73.4 70.1 60.2 44.6 47.0 37.4 • 2 48.1 47.3 48. 3M 33.4 63.9 73.7 73.4 71.5 66,5 31.7 44.1 39.3 36. 8h 53 42.2 43.0 4«.» • 1.7 67.4 71.6 72.2 71.1 65.9 56.6 44,0 40.0 56.3 54 41.0 43. OM 46.9 60.0 58.7 70.1 73,4 72.3 68,8 55.6 42.8 38.1 55. 9M • 5 38,9 41.5 30,4 36.8 62.8 64.1 70.8 70.8 68,1 52.0 43.9 39.8 55.0 16 34,8 47.7 43.9 32.4 63.7 67.4 69.5 69.9 62.9 57.9 43.0 45.6 55.1 • 7 44.9 51.1 47. 3 56.6 64,0 71.0 71.9 69.8 68.0 53.5 49.7 39.4 57.3 58 34,8 32.5 47.0 35.3 62.3 70.3 71.2 71.0 67.8 53.7 48.7 37.3 54.4 69 34.2 34.9 35.9 31.4 57.9 67.9 71.2 67.2 63.3 56.4 36.9 31.4 50.7 70 28.2 31.0 44.3 35.0 58.8 63.7 68,5 71.5 67,4 56.2 35.3 36.4 51.5 71 36.3 33.7 3».5 45.8 55.3 65.7 69,1 69.7 63.4 57.8 39.8 48.3 32.3 72 44.2 37.4 41.9 31.4 58.5 62.9 67.8 69,4 65. OM 55.2 44. 5M 43.3 53. 6M 73 35.9 34. 8M 51.6 • 1.6 58.3 67.9 70.9 69.6 68,0 54.4 47.9 36.1 53. 9M 74 52.5 37. 9M 47. 4M 31.9 62.7 63.1 69.1 69.2 64.8 47.3 41.0 38.3 53. 9M 73 40.0 41.9 41.4 49.8 63.5 68.2 70.0 70.6 63,5 55.8 43. 9M 35.5 53. 9M 1134.0 1333.5 1526.2 1695.0 1764.1 1755.2 1647,7 1355.6 1080.8 STATION! 09 0140 AVERAGE TEMPERA TURE ALBANY 3 SE. SA VR JAN FEB «AR APR MAY J UN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL '1 52.2 55.0 61.5 65.6 74.1 82.4 83.9 84.3 80.2 71.2 56.4 57. 4M 68. 7M 52 59.1 56.5 6".3M 65.1 75.2 85.0 84.8 82.0 75.9 64.4 57.0 49.6 67,9m 44 45. IE 45.9 57.3 66.6 7^.8 79.9 78.9 79.2 76.1 62.3 58.6 51.8 64. 5E 65 49.2 49.0 56.1 66.9 74.2 76.0 79.3 80.3 77,2 64.4 58.4 48.3 64.9 46 44,0 47.5 35.0 64.9 71.8 74.7 82,0 79.1 76,3 66.8 55.3 47.8 63.8 47 49,0 47.0 SM 69.4 7U.6 77.1 77,9 78,7 71.6 62.3 53.8 54.3 64.4 48 45.2 42.6 51,8 47.3 71.3 78.9 81.0 81,8 76.3 67.3 52.8 43.6 63,7 69 46.8 47.1 49.9 65.9 70.7 80.3 82.0 78.1 74.6 68,4 52.8 46.0 63.6 70 40.3 46.4 57.2 67.8 72.8 76.9 80,3 81.0 79.3 68,9 31.1 51.8 64.5 71 48.2 30. 52.5 61.9 68.3 78.5 79.4 79.9 77.1 69.9 55.2 58.8 63.0 72 55.4 46.6 5«.l 65.4 70.3 75.9 79.3 81.3 79. OM 67.6 55. 6M 55.0 66, OM 73 47.7 47. 1M 62.2 62.7 70.5 78.3 82.0 80,5 79.2 68.7 61.4 49.4 65. 8M 74 62.3 51. OM 61. OM 64.6 74,3 76.5 79.1 77,7 73,9 62.9 35.9 50.1 65. 8M 75 52.4 54.2 5*. 3 62.6 75.0 78.4 77. OM 79.1 73,3 68.3 57. 3M 48. 3M 65. 2M 1246,2 1292.5 1451.3 1636.6 1840.6 1980.4 2032.3 2030.4 1931.1 1682.3 1421.6 -82- EXHIBIT 98 STATIUNI 09 0140 TOTAL PRECIPIT* \TIDN ALBANY 3 SEj 5A YR JAM FES «AR APR "A* JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DFC ANNUAL 11 1.32 1.28 6.10 4.81 2.08 3.86 3.23 3.32 3.63 .49 6.33 4.74 43.19 52 1.84 6.75 4.75 4.35 6.20 1.85 2.81 7.19 A. 25 • *1 3.04 3.20 46.54 S3 4.76 5.26 3.29 1.A4 5.63 4.19 6.75 3.35 10.09 .25 1.69 9.99 61.29 5* .90 1.08 2.95 1.09 2.51 3.38 4.58 5.98 1.26 .58 3.04 2.18 31.73 55 3.41 1.89 .08 7.02 3.22 2.39 9.98 .73 3.92 3.26 .84 .64 37. 38 56 2.5* 6.39 5.09 ?.7S 2.62 2.93 9.07 .92 6.43 2. 68 1.23 3.30 43.93 57 1. 1« 1.22 4.9? 7.33 3.89 2.65 3.39 1.46 9.23 2.72 8. 28 1.90 50,20 18 3.05 6.49 5.15 5.U7 3.18 7.69 3.30 3.13 ,80 1.32 1.22 3.11 48,51 19 4.06 6.84 7.89 2.98 5.78 4.08 7.99 3.30 3.58 6.90 .34 2.68 56.42 70 2.77 3.53 8,97 .90 6.6^ 5.13 5.42 6,52 1.10 3.18 .82 4.47 49,78 71 4.10 5.35 9.09 4.07 5.97 2.70 9.26 7.7* 1.00 2.72 2.79 7.82 62.61 72 5.41 5.70 6.0* .66 3.07 7.43 6.28 4.50 2.90 3.16 2.83 4.20 52.11 73 10.03 6.33 6.26 9.41 5.66 5.90 2.32 3.93 2.93 .32 2.03 4.41 59.75 74 6.25 9.36 4.54E 4.39 4.6* 6.27 8.04 2.13 8.58 .76 1.95 2.70 59.61E 75 6. 89 2.46 7.76 1.49 4.01 5.83 8.06 2.0J 1.93 2.12 1.80 2.85 54. ?5 SUM 108.60 122.15 122.43 114.99 97.69 121.30 145.88 99.34 101.37 46.33 98.13 1235.97 STAT ION I 09 0140 TOTAL SNOWFALL ALBANY 3 SE . SA SEASON JUL AUG IE" UCT NQV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN SEASON 50-51 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 31-52 .0 .0 .0 .0 ,0 .0 .0 T • ^ .0 .0 .0 .0 52-53 .0 .0 .T .0 .0 T .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 53-5* .0 .0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 69-70 .0 .0 . n .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 70-71 ,0 .0 ,0 .0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 71-72 .0 .0 ,n .0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 72-73 .L' .0 ,n .0 ,0 .0 .0 3.0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 3.0 73-74 .0 .0 ,n .0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 74-75 .0 .0 ,0 .0 ,0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 75-76 .0 .0 ,n .0 .0 .0 SU« .0 .0 .fl .0 .0 .0 .0 3.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.3 E AMOUNT IS WHOLLY OR PARTLY ESTIMATED. T TRACE/ AN AMOUNT TOO SMALL TO MEASURE. M ONE OR MORE DAYS OF RECORD MISSINGj IF AVERAGE VALUE IS ENTERED/ LESS THAN 10 DAYS RECORD IS MISSING. WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOWFALL WHOLLV OR PARTLY ESTIMATED. EXHIBIT 99 MONTHLY NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE. PRECIPITATION AND HEATING ANO COOLING DEGREE DAYS 119*1-70) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN TEMPERATURE 50.7 53.1 58.9 67.4 74.6 60.3 81.8 81.6 77.5 68.0 57.5 50.9 66.9 PRECIPITATION 3.86 4.16 5.49 4.35 3.67 4.36 5.64 4.14 3.90 2.21 2.47 4.19 48.84 HEATING DEGREE DAY 468 371 243 42 54 247 447 1872 COOLING DEGREE DAY 25 38 34 114 302 459 521 515 375 147 22 10 2582 -83- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 21 CLIMATIC SUMMARIES OF RESORT AREAS A series of substation summaries was published during the years 1963 through 1972 that describe the general climate of resort areas in the United States. The format varies somewhat from publication to publication, but all issues (4 to 6 pages each) carry a narrative description of the topography, general and specific climatic conditions as they relate to health and vacation advantages, and other similar information. Various types of tables and graphs on temperature, precipitation, and snowfall are used to supplement the text. These publications were prepared for the following locations: STATE LOCATION Alaska Arkansas Georgia Ind iana Kentucky Michigan New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico South Carolina Texas Virginia West Virginia Anchorage to Valdez Area Glacier Bay National Monument Katmai National Monument Kenai Peninsula Mount McKinley National Park Sitka National Monument Hot Springs National Park White River Lakes Georgia Mountain Area The Golden Isles of Georgia Warm Springs French Lick and West Baden Springs Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley Area Houghton-Higgins Lake Recreational Area Isle Royale National Park Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Atlantic City Carlsbad Caverns Cloudcroft Red River Saratoga Springs Cape Hatteras National Seashore Pinehurst-Southern Pines Upper Cascades of Oregon The Pocono Mountains San Juan Hilton Head and the Sea Islands Lake Hartwell Recreation Area Myrtle Beach The Santee and Lake Marion Recreational Area Kerrville Mineral Wells Shenandoah National Park Berkeley Springs White Sulfur Springs -84- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 40 CLIMATE GUIDE FOR (AREA) This series of GUIDES was prepared only for a few selected cities or areas of the country. Those published, and the year of issue for each, are: Selma, Alabama-1956 Baltimore, Maryland-1956 New York City, NY and Nearby Areas-1958 Seattle, Washington and Adjacent Puget Sound Area-1961 Chicago, Illinois Area-1962 Houston, Galveston, Texas Area-1962 THE CLIMATIC HANDBOOK for Washington, D.C., published in 1949, was a fore- runner of the above series. Although each issue contains some tables and charts of particular interest to the locality, each publication follows the same general format. Each contains a narrative summary of general climatic conditions for the area, a station location table, and a map of the area. The following tables and graphs appear in all or most of these GUIDES: Monthly and annual average temperatures Highest temperature of record for each day of year and year of occurrence Lowest temperature of record for each day of year and year of occurrence Distribution of monthly average, average maximum, average minimum temperatures Mean hourly temperatures Mean and distribution of dry bulb temperatures Highest daily minimum temperatures Total heating-degree days Distribution of monthly and seasonal totals of heating-degree days Percentage frequency of occurrences of dry bulb temperature versus wind speed Seasonal temperature departures from long-period averages (graph) Critical low temperatures with mean and extreme dates and length of seasons Mean daily temperatures at substations in area Mean daily maximum temperatures at substations in area Mean daily minimum temperatures at substations in area Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency curves (graph) Total precipitation Distribution of precipitation totals Maximum precipitation by time intervals Mean total precipitation at substations in area Total snowfall Distribution of snowfall totals Maximum snowfall Percentage chance of first and last snowfall (graph) Mean total snowfall at substations in area Mean station pressure and extremes of sea level pressure Number of days fastest mile of wind exceeded specified limits Percentage frequency and mean speed of surface winds Annual wind rose (graph) Percentage frequency of temperature-relative humidity index -85- Cooling-degree day totals, based on temperature-humidity index Mean and distribution of relative humidity Mean and distribution of dew point Mean and distribution of wet bulb temperature Percentage frequency of selected ceiling heights Percentage frequency of selected visibilities Percentage frequency of selected combinations of ceiling-visibility Average daily solar radiation (langleys) on horizontal surface Times of sunrise and sunset Percentage frequency of selected climatic elements Summary of selected climatic elements Daily j monthly, and annual normals of temperature, and accumulated heating-degree days Comparative data for selected cities -86- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 60 CLIMATE OF (NAME OF STATE) This publication is issued for each of the 50 States and for Puerto Rico-U.S. Virgin Islands combined. Each publication contains a narrative climatic summary of the State, the means and extremes table for each cooperative climatological station in the State that is in the CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 20, CLIMATE OF (NAME OF CITY) series (Exhibit 94), and the normals, means, and extremes table (Exhibit 46) from the latest issue of LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, ANNUAL SUMMARY WITH COMPARATIVE DATA for all stations (reference page 35) in the State at the time of publication. It also contains a map (Exhibit 100) showing the locations of all stations for which data tables are presented. This series is an updated and revised version of a similar series entitled CLIMATE OF THE STATES published between 1959-1961 with some subsequent revisions and reprints through 1972. Similar data for earlier years were included in the 1941 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, CLIMATE AND MAN , in a section entitled CLIMATES OF THE UNITED STATES. -87- EXHIBIT 100 ~!4-irWf4 -3-1 — °%S— .-?-» . I so :> fc t/ ill -^ •JsJs ^f, "| j S,.s 8V. o ? si : i ft *i I 1° *» si 7 1 ^ -lie «! ff~g 3 " •2 co <3 U O <*» K .0 -Si co I CO ■Si O o _ <3 O D -88- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 81 MONTHLY NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AND HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS, 1941-70 This publication, issued for each State, or combination of States and for Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and Swan Island combined (45 separate publi- cations), contains monthly and annual normals of these four elements (Exhibits 101,102,103, and 104) for all National Weather Service stations in the State and for all Cooperative Climatological Stations in the State which have adequate records for this 30-year period. Also included are separate listings showing the latitude, longitude, and elevation for each station that reports temperature, and for those stations that report precipitation (Exhibits 105 and 106), and a map showing the location of all stations for which normals are published (Exhibit 107). A similar publication was prepared for the 30-year period 1931 through 1960 but did not include cooling-degree days. In addition, an earlier publication of the same title was published as U.S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 31 in 1956. It contained normals for the 1921-1950 period, but did not include the normals for Cooperative Climatological Stations. NORTH DAKOTA EXHIBIT 101 MERN TEMPERATURE STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY J UN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AMIDON 13. B 18.7 26.3 41 .5 52.8 61.4 69.5 68.8 57.3 46. 7 30. 3 20.0 42.3 ASHLEY 8.2 12.5 24. 1 41 .5 53.2 62.5 68.9 67.8 56.7 46. 4 28.6 15.2 40.5 BIS6EE 3. 1 7.9 20.6 39.6 52. 1 62. 2 68. 1 66.3 55. 1 44. 1 25.2 10.6 37.9 BISMARCK WSO 9-2 13.5 25. 1 43.0 54.4 63.8 70.8 69.2 57.5 46.8 28.9 15.6 41 .4 BOTTINEAU 1 . 7 6.8 19.2 39. 1 51.6 61.3 67. 4 66. 1 54.5 43.6 23.8 9. 4 37.0 BOUBELLS 4.6 9. 6 20. 1 39.0 51.1 60. 4 67. 1 65. 4 54.0 43.6 25. 4 12. 1 37.7 BOWMAN COURT HOUSE 14. 1 IB. a 26.8 42.0 53. 3 61.9 69.9 68.8 57.2 46.7 30. 3 20.2 42.5 CARRINGTON 5.3 9.6 21.6 39.5 51.8 61.8 68. 3 66.6 55.0 45 . 4 26.5 12.3 38 .6 CARSON 10. 1 15.2 24. 7 41 .8 53.4 62.6 70. 1 69. 2 57. 3 46. 7 29.0 17.2 41 .4 CAVAL IER 3. 3 8.6 21.5 40. 4 53.6 63.6 69.2 67.5 56.5 45. 7 26.6 10.7 38.9 CENTER 8.5 13.9 24. 1 41 . 4 53.3 62.3 69.0 67.6 56.0 45.7 28. 4 15.5 40.5 CO0PERST3UN 5.4 10.5 23.6 41.6 53. 8 63. 4 69.5 68. 4 57 . 46. 2 27.7 12.4 40 .0 CROSBY 5. -i 11.3 21.8 40.3 52.3 61.0 68. 1 66. 4 55. 1 44.6 26.2 13.1 38.8 DEVILS LAKE KDLR 4. 2 9. 1 21.6 40. 1 52. 4 62.5 68.9 67.3 55.8 45 . 2 26. 1 11.2 38.7 DICKINSON FAA AIRPORT 12.1 16.8 35.3 41.2 52.5 61.5 69. 3 68.2 56 .6 46.3 29.2 18.5 41 .5 NORTH DAKOTA EXHIBIT 102 PRECIPITATION NORMALS STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL KENMARE 1 USUI .54 0.S1 0.70 1 .29 1 .98 3.76 2.05 1 .90 1 .47 0.75 0.54 0.47 15.96 KENSAL WILDLIFE REFUGE . 36 0.33 0.58 1 .44 2.61 3.45 2.92 2.73 1 .87 1 .12 0.55 0.43 18.39 LANGOON EXP FARM 0.76 0.48 0.97 1 .35 2.45 3.05 2.98 2.80 2.13 1 .22 0.85 0.66 19.70 LARIMORE 0.56 0.45 0.91 1 .41 2.22 3 .49 2.67 2 .51 2.36 1 .08 0.78 0.S9 19.03 LEEDS 0.72 0.42 1 .01 1 .36 2.35 3 .25 2. 44 2.03 1 .64 0.89 0.65 0.62 17. 38 L INTON 0.52 0.47 0. 77 1 .75 2.56 4.05 2.53 2.02 1.71 1 .03 0.60 0.47 18. 48 LISBON 0.42! 0.51 0.80 2.11 2.59 3.64 3.09 2.91 ' .76 1 . 16 0.67 0.53 20. 19 MADDOCK AGRI SCHOOL 0.5' 0.40 0.78 1 .22 2.23 3.55 2.73 2. 15 1 . 76 .94 0.55 0. 49 17.34 MANDAN EXP STATION n.42 0.39 0.67 1 .42 2.24 4.02 2.23 2.20 1 .52 0.82 0.53 0.31 16. 77 MARMARTH 0.45 □ .45 .56 1 .23 2.07 3.76 2.02 1.71 1 . 12 0.74 0.49 0.37 14.97 MAX 0.46 0.51 0.71 1 .54 2.31 4.04 2.56 2.33 1 .49 0. 70 0.64 0.38 17.67 MAYVILLE 0.59 .47 0. 74 1 .45 2.43 3.70 2 .52 2.77 2.24 1 .03 0.69 0.58 19.21 MCCLUSKY 0.59 0.47 0.85 1 .45 2.33 4.04 2.30 2.04 1 .64 0.84 0.61 0.52 17.68 MCHENRY 5 NNU 0.46 0. 37 0.71 1 .25 2.24 3.47 2.67 2.44 2.01 1 .09 0.53 0.46 17.70 MCLEOD 3 E 0.45 0.46 0.81 1 .77 2.67 3.44 3.05 2.80 1 .84 1 . 12 0. 72 0.53 19.56 -89- EXHIBIT 103 NORTH DRKOTR MONTHLY AND ANNUAL HEATING DEGREE DRY NORMALS STATION JUL AUG SEP OCT N8V DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY J UN ANNUAL VELVA 22 50 272 577 1110 1562 1776 1456 1262 681 346 122 9236 UIAHPETBN 10 20 191 490 1026 1531 1745 1442 1194 624 277 71 8621 WASHBURN 16 31 240 543 1065 1507 1727 1406 1225 660 335 113 8868 UATF3RD CITY 25 35 261 573 1071 1482 1708 1361 1218 663 345 134 8876 UESTHBPE 28 72 318 651 1212 1699 1928 1602 1389 753 396 145 10193 UILLISTBN USQ 22 35 274 598 1107 1538 1758 1422 1249 678 345 135 9161 UIILLBU CITY 34 75 320 663 1209 1714 1950 1621 1395 759 414 147 10301 WISHEK 28 61 295 617 1125 1581 1810 1512 1314 741 400 155 9639 EXHIBIT 104 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL COOLING DEGREE DAY NORMALS STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL AMIDON 12 53 163 155 34 6 423 ASHLEY 7 65 151 132 20 375 BISBEE 54 126 107 10 297 BISMARCK UISO 11 86 198 165 27 487 BOTTINEAU 6 46 120 109 13 294 BOUBELLS 39 108 97 16 260 BOUMAN COURT HOUSE 10 66 179 157 36 448 EXHIBIT 105 NORTH DAKOTA TEMPERATURE EXHIBIT 106 NORTH DAKOTA PRECIPITATION STATION DIV NAME LAT LONG ELEV STATION DIV NAME LAT LONG ELEV 32 0209 07 AMIDON N4629 W10319 2910 32 0022 03 ADAMS 7 SSW N4820 W09807 1554 32 0382 09 ASHLEY N4602 W09922 2001 32 0209 07 AMIDON N4629 W10319 2910 32 0796 03 BISBEE N4837 W09922 1600 32 0382 09 ASHLEY N4602 W09922 2001 32 0819 08 BISMARCK WSO N4646 W10045 1647 32 0766 04 BEULAH N4716 W10147 1780 32 09*1 02 BOTTINEAU N4650 W10027 1640 32 0796 03 BISBEE N4837 W09922 1600 32 0961 01 BOWBELLS N4848 W10215 1958 32 0819 08 BISMARCK WSO //R N4646 W10045 1647 32 0995 07 BOWMAN COURT HOUSE N4611 W10323 2980 32 0941 02 BOTTINEAU N4850 W10027 1640 32 1360 05 CARRINGTON N4727 W09908 1586 32 0961 01 BOWBELLS N4848 W10215 1958 32 1370 08 CARSON N4625 W10134 2310 32 0995 07 BOWMAN COURT HOUSE N4611 W10323 2980 32 1435 03 CAVALIER N4848 W09738 890 32 1225 04 BUTTE N4750 W10040 1740 32 1*56 04 CENTER N4707 W10118 2100 32 1360 05 CARRINGTON N4727 W09908 1586 32 1766 06 COOPERSTOWN N4726 W09807 1428 32 1370 08 CARSON N4625 W10134 2310 32 1671 01 CROSBY N4854 W10318 1952 32 1435 03 CAVALIER N4848 W09738 890 32 2158 03 DEVILS LAKE KDLR N4807 W09852 1464 32 1456 04 CENTER N4707 W10118 2100 32 2183 07 DICKINSON FAA AIRPORT N4647 W10248 2585 32 1686 06 COLGATE N4714 W09739 1180 32 2188 07 DICKINSON EXP STATION N4653 W10248 2460 32 1766 06 COOPERSTOWN N4726 W09807 1428 32 2298 02 DRAKE N4755 W10022 1636 32 1816 05 COURTENAY 1 NW N4714 W09635 1515 32 2365 04 DUNN CENTER 2 SW N4721 W10239 2232 32 1871 01 CROSBY N4854 W10318 1952 32 2482 09 EDGELEY N4622 W09B43 1574 32 2158 03 DEVILS LAKE KDLR N4807 W09852 1464 32 2525 03 EOMORE 1 N N4825 W09828 1520 32 2183 07 DICKINSON FAA AIRPORT //R N4647 W10248 2585 32 2605 09 ELLENDALE N4601 W09B32 1460 32 2188 07 DICKINSON EXP STATION N4653 W10248 2460 32 2859 06 FARGO WSO N4654 W09648 896 32 2298 02 DRAKE N4755 W10022 1636 32 2949 05 FESSENDEN N4739 W09937 1620 32 2365 04 DUNN CENTER 2 SW N4721 W10239 2232 32 3117 09 FORMAN 5 SSE N4602 W09736 1250 32 2472 02 ECKMAN 2 SE N4839 W10101 1495 32 3207 08 FORT YATES N4606 W10038 1653 32 2482 09 EDGELEY N4622 W09843 1574 32 3217 01 FOXHOLM 7 N N4827 W10134 1609 32 2525 03 EDMORE 1 N N4825 W09828 1520 32 3287 09 FULLERTON 1 ESE N4609 W09824 1439 32 2605 09 ELLENDALE N4601 W09832 1460 32 3594 03 GRAFTON N4825 W09725 827 32 2735 01 EPPING N4817 W10321 2224 32 3616 03 GRAND FORKS FAA AP N4757 W09711 839 32 2809 07 FAIRFIELD N4711 W10313 2750 32 3621 03 GRAND FORKS UNIVERSITY N4756 W09705 830 32 2859 06 FARGO WSO //R N4654 W09648 896 32 3686 02 GRANVILLE N4816 W10051 1504 32 2949 05 FESSENDEN N4739 W09937 1620 32 3908 09 HANKINSON R R STATION N4604 W09654 1068 32 3117 09 FORMAN 5 SSE N4602 W09736 1250 32 3936 03 HANNAH 2 N N4900 W09B41 1575 32 3207 08 FORT YATES N4606 W10038 1653 32 3963 03 HANSBORO 3 W N4857 W09927 1684 32 3217 01 FOXHOLM 7 N N4827 W10134 1609 32 4203 06 HILLSBORO N4724 W09704 899 32 3287 09 FULLERTON 1 ESE N4609 W09824 1439 -90- EXHIBIT 107 M O ffi L •i l! tf tf 1-*- -rt J — <" j£ CO Ld $ X 1- (£ O 1 4 "-y-i-,f-j-r i -\ H «i IB. ( V -s<>-e — i CO" i Ld |o & 5| l._: j— 5 1 i I ,y ^ L-r- 1! s *H J 5 CO » 85- *i._IJ X 1 1 <^ : z*zz3Ezzz^£z±=& — , 11 _ . !♦ Of cn| — * 1 I ■*!— ,-i_i £• * ! , | I « 1 I | 1 1<* (if li a*" ♦til • ♦♦ * J if ii a* s , i_B -»- t u » -91- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 82 SUMMARY OF HOURLY OBSERVATIONS This summary was published for U.S. Weather Bureau (National Weather Service) stations where 24-hourly observations are recorded daily. It is based on the monthly data published in LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA SUPPLEMENTS (see page 30) for all or part of the period 1951-60. Where the full 10-year period is not covered by the monthly data, summaries are based on the period 1956-60. A similar series entitled CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 30-SUMMARY OF HOURLY OBSERVATIONS, a 5-year summary for 1949-54, was published in 1956. Exhibits 108 and 109 are examples of the five data tables and the Station Location table presented in this publication. A set of the data tables is included for each month with another set for the annual values. The total number of observations is indicated on each page. In the percentage tables the symbol "+" indicates more than but less than 0.5 in table E, and 0.05 in tables B and D. Values are not adjusted to make their sums equal to column or row totals. A narrative description of the location and topography of the station, together with one pertaining to smoke sources is included and, where available, a smoke source map of the local area is shown. These publications, or microfiche of the publications, can be obtained from the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801, and are available for the following locations: Alabama Birmingham Mobile Montgomery Alaska *Anchorage *Cold Bay Fairbanks *King Salmon California *Bakersfield Burbank Fresno Los Angeles Oakland Sacramento San Diego San Francisco District of Columbia Washington Florida Jacksonville Miami *0rlando *Tallahassee Tampa *West Palm Beach Arizona Phoenix *Tucson Arkansas Little Rock Colorado *Colorado Springs Denver **Pueblo Connecticut *Hartford Delaware Wilmington Georgia Atlanta Augusta *Macon Savannah Hawaii-Pacific *Hilo Honolulu *Wake Island -92- Idaho Boise **Pocatello Illinois Chicago (Midway) *Chicago (O'Hare) Mo line Springfield Indiana Evansville Fort Wayne Indianapolis *South Bend Iowa **Burlington Des Moines Sioux City Kansas Topeka Wichita Louisiana Baton Rouge Lake Charles New Orleans Shreveport Maine Portland Maryland Baltimore Massachusetts Boston Michigan Detroit (City AP) *Flint Grand Rapids **Lansing Minnesota Duluth Minneapolis Missouri Kansas City St. Louis Springfield Montana **Billings Great Falls **Helena **Missoula Nebraska Omaha New Jersey Newark New Mexico Albuquerque New York Albany *Binghamton Buffalo New York (Int'l) New York (LaGuardia) Rochester Syracuse North Carolina **Asheville Charlotte Greensboro Raleigh *Winston-Salem North Dakota Bismarck Fargo Ohio Akron Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton **Toledo Youngstown Oklahoma Oklahoma City Tulsa Oregon Portland *Salem Pennsylvania Allentown Harrisburg Philadelphia *Pittsburgh *Scranton Rhode Island Providence South Carolina Charleston Columbia South Dakota Huron *Rapid City *Sioux Falls Tennessee Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville Texas Amarillo Austin Brownsville Corpus Christi El Paso *Fort Worth Galveston Houston Laredo *Lubbock •Midland **Port Arthur San Antonio *Waco *Wichita Falls Mississippi Jackson -93- Utah Salt Lake City Vermont *Burlington Virginia Norfolk Richmond * Roanoke Washington Spokane **Yakima West Indies San Juan, P.R. West Virginia Charleston Wisconsin *Green Bay **La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Wyoming *Casper Cheyenne ** * Five-year RECAP, 1949-54 Five-year RECAP, 1956-60 Ten-year RECAP, 1951-60 -94- EXHIBIT 108 5 i ^^>waO-'^#^0»^00-»H O o 2 * "J h £ I >■ S 9 t>-*-«t>oo*NO»of»cNi*m*r**o*o •••••••••••••••••o '! » i « • 3 ♦ ~ + + ♦ «n " »* rsj ■ m , • ••••••••••••••• • o « ~ _-» _ — ~, t*r- ! J Z< U_. UUi UJ * B * > -J »- zuz mum « x i/> zxzOh'SO»0>OOtH4Nm4>«NffH09>()r>0»H 42 4N«^^«C«^t>0»0N ♦ *8*tri»«#omfs(«M»sitNrN(r\H ■# > o 5 x i XO0IH* * 4 J » \*roi XAi-Qi **•-« va. ot ■ MNfl X < X0CI-O8 * * * r- J 4 *~ •* •> (A a Ai %44-QI - ™ * o ~ a AI £ AI ** ». «« * A.8- * » (X HOMO X i VOGi t» • ^ rsi ^ h- rg m i* ai t> r- * *a * r* (M _ _ r- UATOi Sf^m^lN4 9 cm •* * o r» ♦ o X*J ■ a* « %**« nBODI«|«f N V N « O * ^ Ci *" WtK A at aj«a^** ■• X 5 3 xooi-o* « * i^ f*> • fn 4 — Mg\N|t»Ofl «c in «a ai -i c - V*. -- ff- n ^ m ■»-•"« ~ IM *M — <> ■ -4 fT, « * o z J '1 1? *>«»«»«»«* C u nil m (M «n < o X »- u. 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Xa S -H rH oi H a oi oi rH o -h a <1 ti 01 01 o> •P O IHH Q 01 O rH -a u 01 0J P 01 TJ r-t 3 xa xa -h a -h xa o H 01 a d 13 -P -P o a xa a o d Eh H P d -P > -96- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 84 DAILY NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS, 1941-1970 (CITY) Daily normals of these elements (Exhibit 110) were published for 346 cities in the United States. This series is an update of similar prior publications that listed daily normals based on the 30-year periods 1921 through 1950 and 1931 through 1960, but did not include cooling-degree day normals. EXHIBIT 110 ii 12 13 1* 15 16 17 18 1» 20 23 2* 25 26 27 28 29 30 HOSWELL. NMEX JANUARY TEMPERATURE DEC MAX MIN AVC HOO 55 20 38 27 55 20 37 28 55 20 37 28 55 20 37 28 M 20 37 28 5* 20 37 28 54 20 37 28 54 20 37 28 55 20 37 28 55 20 37 28 55 20 31 27 55 20 38 27 55 20 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 55 21 38 27 56 21 38 27 56 21 38 27 56 21 39 26 56 21 3» 26 56 22 39 26 56 22 39 26 57 22 39 26 57 22 39 26 57 22 u 25 57 22 40 25 CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO 84 DAILY NORMALS OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS 1941-70 AIR CENTER FEBRUARY ENPERATURE OEC AX MIN SVG HOO 58 22 40 25 58 23 40 25 58 21 41 24 59 23 41 24 59 23 4) 24 59 23 41 24 59 23 41 24 60 2* 42 23 60 2* 4? 23 60 24 42 23 60 24 42 23 61 24 43 22 61 25 43 22 61 25 43 22 61 25 43 22 61 ?i 43 22 61 ?5 43 22 62 25 44 21 62 26 44 21 62 26 44 21 62 26 44 21 63 26 44 21 63 26 45 20 63 26 45 20 63 27 45 20 63 27 45 20 63 27 45 20 64 27 45 20 TEMPERATURE DEC OAY MAX MIN AVC HDD COD 64 27 46 19 64 27 46 19 64 26 46 19 64 28 46 19 65 26 46 19 65 28 47 18 65 28 47 18 65 29 47 18 65 29 47 16 66 29 47 16 66 29 48 17 66 30 46 17 67 30 46 17 67 30 46 17 67 30 49 16 67 31 49 16 68 31 49 16 68 31 50 13 68 31 50 15 69 32 50 15 69 32 50 15 69 32 51 14 70 33 51 14 70 33 52 13 70 33 52 13 71 34 52 13 '1 34 53 13 7 2 35 53 12 72 35 53 12 72 35 54 11 APRIL TEMPERATURE OEC DAY MAX MIN AVC HOO COD TEMPERATURE OEC DAY MAX MIN AVC HOD CDO TEMPERATURE OEC OAY MAX H1N AVC HDD COO 73 36 55 11 82 46 64 2 i 91 56 73 6 74 36 55 10 63 46 65 2 : 92 56 74 9 74 37 53 10 83 47 65 2 ! 92 57 74 9 74 37 56 10 83 47 65 2 ! 92 57 73 10 75 38 56 9 83 47 65 2 ! 93 57 75 10 75 38 57 9 84 47 66 2 93 37 73 10 76 38 57 9 84 48 66 1 > 93 58 75 10 76 39 57 8 84 48 66 1 I 93 56 76 11 76 39 58 8 84 48 66 1 ! 94 58 76 11 77 39 58 8 63 49 67 1 1 94 59 76 11 77 40 58 7 83 49 67 1 1 94 59 76 11 77 40 59 7 85 49 67 1 1 94 59 77 12 7a 41 59 7 83 49 67 1 1 94 60 77 12 78 41 59 6 86 30 68 1 1 95 60 77 12 78 41 60 6 86 50 68 1 93 60 77 12 79 42 60 6 86 50 68 1 93 60 77 13 79 42 60 3 66 51 69 I . 95 60 78 13 79 42 61 5 87 51 69 t 95 61 78 13 79 43 61 3 87 51 69 > 95 61 76 13 80 43 61 5 87 52 70 1 95 61 78 13 60 43 62 4 88 52 70 1 95 61 78 13 80 43 62 4 88 52 70 95 61 78 13 81 44 62 4 88 53 71 ( * 95 62 76 13 81 44 62 4 89 53 71 ( * 95 62 79 14 81 44 63 4 89 53 71 ( l 96 62 79 14 81 45 63 3 89 54 71 ( I 96 62 79 14 82 43 63 3 90 54 72 ' 95 62 7» 14 82 45 64 3 90 54 72 1 95 62 79 14 : 82 45 64 3 2 90 55 73 95 63 79 14 . 82 46 64 2 2 91 55 73 1 95 63 79 14 10 31 37 22 40 25 73 36 54 11 MONTHLY NORMALS MAX MIN MEAN HEATINC COOLINC 53.4 20.8 36.1 834 MONTHLY NORMALS MAX 60.9 MlN 24.6 MEAN 42.9 HEATINC 619 COOLING MONTHLY NORMALS MAX 67.7 MIN 30.9 MEAN 49.3 HEATINC 487 COOLINC MONTHLY NORMALS MAX 78.2 MIN 41.2 MEAN 39.7 HEATINC 185 COOLINC 26 MONTHLY NORMALS MAX MIN MEAN HEATINC COOLINC 86.4 50.5 68.5 20 126 MONTHLY NORMALS MAX 94.2 MIN 59.6 MEAN 77.0 HEATINC COOLINC 360 -97- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 85 MONTHLY AVERAGES OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION FOR STATE CLIMATIC DIVISIONS, 1941-70 (STATE) This publication is issued for 49 states and for Puerto Rico, but was not prepared or published for Hawaii. It presents sequential tables of monthly and annual divisional averages of temperature (Exhibit 111) and precipitation (Exhibit 112), and a map showing the geographic boundaries of each Climatic Division (Exhibit 113). Each value shown in the tables is the simple arithmetic average of the data from all stations in the division that furnished both temperature and precipitation for that month. Each state is divided into geographic areas (up to 10) called Climatic Divisions, that represent, as nearly as possible , homogeneous climatic regimes. State averages were not computed or published because of the great dissimilarity between divisional climatic regimes in many states . A similar publication containing these data was prepared and published for the period 1931-1960. EXHIBIT 111 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL DIVISIONAL AVERAGES TEMPERATURE (°F) DIVISIONS COLORADO ARKANSAS DRAINAGE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN BASIN 01 1941 30.3 34.7 36.1 45.3 57.7 62.8 68.4 68.4 60-1 50.3 40.1 31.2 48.8 1942 26.6 24.9 34.6 48.5 55.6 64.2 69.8 68.3 59.8 49.9 41.4 32.2 48.0 1943 30.1 37.2 35.7 52.8 53.3 65.5 71.8 71.8 61.0 49.5 39.0 29.0 49.7 1944 28.4 31.7 35.0 41.5 56.1 65.1 69.1 69.6 62.1 52.1 38.9 30.3 48.3 1945 29.8 32.8 40.3 42.6 55.8 61.2 69.3 69.3 59.6 51.8 39.4 27.1 48.3 1946 29.0 33.8 42.2 53.5 52.4 67.2 71.7 68. 6 62.5 50.0 31.9 35.0 49.8 1947 28.3 29.9 35.6 45.6 54.9 61.7 69.9 69.6 64.1 53.7 32.6 29.5 47.9 1948 26.1 26.5 29.0 50.3 56.3 64.4 70.4 69.2 64.9 50.5 34.0 30.6 47.7 1949 19.6 29.4 38.2 46.5 56.1 63.9 70.4 68.1 61.5 49.2 46.0 31.3 48.4 1950 30.2 36.3 37.6 47.9 54.8 67.1 68.0 66.6 59.6 57.3 38.2 34.5 49.8 1951 26.5 33.4 35.4 44.0 56.2 60.9 72.0 69.4 60.6 48.7 35.1 29.2 47.6 1952 32.5 32.3 33.9 46.7 56.5 71.7 71.6 71.0 63.3 51.7 32.2 29.5 49.4 1953 36.9 32.5 «2.7 44.7 53.7 70.2 72.8 69.2 64.4 52.6 40.7 28.6 50.8 1954 32.9 41.9 36.2 52.8 56.1 69.3 74.3 70.7 65.7 52.2 42.4 32.8 52.3 1955 28.3 27.5 38.2 48.4 56.9 63.3 73.0 71.0 63.4 53.4 36.7 34.2 49.5 1956 31.8 27.1 38.2 45.7 61.0 70.9 70.8 68.5 65.1 54.1 35.1 33.1 50.1 1957 26.8 39.0 38.0 43.0 53.4 64,5 72.4 70.4 60.3 51.6 34.4 36.0 49.2 1958 29.8 34.6 30.9 44,3 60.6 68.0 70.0 71.5 64.3 52.2 39.9 34.1 50.0 1959 27.8 31.2 37.0 46.0 57.5 68.7 70.4 70.9 59.9 47.3 37.1 33.5 48.9 1960 25.6 22.0 36.2 50.1 56.2 67.1 69.8 71.0 63.1 51.0 40.4 28.5 48.4 1961 29.6 33.4 38.2 45.4 57.0 65.9 69.5 69.1 57.4 50.0 35.0 26.2 48.1 1962 22.7 34.7 34.8 49.7 59.4 64.2 69.5 70.7 62.0 54.1 41.5 34.1 49.8 1963 21.0 36.0 39.0 51.0 60.4 67.9 74.1 69.9 66.4 57.6 42.2 27.6 51.1 1964 29.7 25.5 33.2 46.2 57.8 65.3 74.2 68.8 61.4 51.7 38.2 30.5 48.5 1965 33.8 29.3 28.6 49.3 56.8 63.0 70.8 66.4 56.2 52.5 43.5 33.7 48.7 1966 23.7 26.2 40.8 46.2 58.2 66.3 73-4 66.9 61.6 49.5 40.7 28.8 48.5 1967 32.1 32.5 43.0 49.1 52.9 62.3 69.2 65.5 59.5 51.4 38.3 24.9 - 48.4 1968 29.0 32.1 38.2 43.6 53.1 67.2 69.5 66.4 59.8 52.1 35.8 28.2 47.9 1969 33.5 33.4 29.8 49.8 57.7 61.5 72.1 70.9 62.1 43.0 37.8 31.8 48.6 1970 28.5 36.3 32.8 42.9 58.2 64.6 71.3 71.6 59.4 45.3 36.8 33.1 48.6 36.3 47.1 69.3 61.7 51.2 -98- EXHIBIT 112 MONTHLY AND ANNUAL DIVISIONAL AVERAGES PRECIPITATION (INCHES) DIVISIONS COLORADO ARKANSAS DRAINAGE JAN FtB MAR APR HAY JUN JUL AUC SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN BASIN 01 1941 0.65 0.23 1.98 2.*0 3.15 2.26 3.3* 2.55 3.15 2.86 0.20 0.52 23.31 19*2 0.37 0-8* 1.22 5.81 0.5* 3.02 1.51 2.30 2.2* 2.8* 0.19 0.75 21.63 19*3 0.32 0.*3 0.63 1.13 2.10 1.16 1.71 2.71 0.29 0.29 0.*6 0.88 12.11 19** 1.06 0.27 l.*0 *.20 3.28 0.78 2.89 1.11 0.32 1.10 0.6* 0.5* 17.59 19*5 0.86 0.58 0.35 2.18 1.3B 1.59 2.86 *.13 1.03 0.79 0.20 0.28 16.23 19*6 0.5* 0.37 1.3B 1.22 2.22 1.0* 1.99 3.1* 0.5* 1.55 3.18 0.12 17.29 19*7 0.*5 0.66 0.98 1.69 3.*8 2.51 2.*1 2.09 0.78 1.15 0.3* 0.76 17.30 19*8 1.26 1.08 1.72 0.92 ?.*2 2.36 1.36 2.23 0.58 0.23 0.** o.*o 15.00 19*9 0.72 0.32 1.20 1.23 ?.72 3.75 2.88 l.*B 0.61 1.06 0.08 0.11 16.16 1950 0.33 0.37 0.53 0.75 1.01 1.33 3.26 1.87 1.77 0.22 o.*o 0.2* 12.08 1951 0.77 0.39 0.70 1.15 2.*9 2.27 1.** 2.59 0.52 0.95 0.85 0.6* 1*.76 1952 0.31 0-*8 1.01 2.11 1.70 0.22 1.27 2.*7 0.93 0.03 0.87 0.38 11.78 1953 0.28 0.39 0.95 1.36 ?. 3 o 0.73 2.*9 2.50 0.12 0.97 1.0* 0.S3 13-96 195* 0.28 0.26 0.57 0.38 1.82 0.66 2.*5 2.00 0.69 1.17 0.3* 0.** 11.06 1955 0.16 0.65 0.53 0.85 *.52 0.80 1.30 2.76 0.86 0.23 0.39 0.23 13.28 1956 0.68 0.*5 0.68 1.30 1.35 0.78 ?.*3 1.75 0.08 0.27 0.76 0.35 10.88 1957 0.60 0.26 1.28 *.ll 3.97 1.90 2.72 1.82 0.77 1.21 1.51 0.19 20.3* 1958 0.53 0.*8 l.*3 1.32 2.77 1.70 2.91 1.70 0.79 0.66 0.50 0.*8 15.27 1959 0.85 0.6* 1.15 1.39 2.11 1.58 1.23 2.16 1.91 2.08 0.3* 0.33 15.77 1960 0.97 1.52 0.7* 1.27 1.05 1.09 2.33 0.6* 1.15 2.*7 0.28 0.96 1*.*7 1961 0.13 0.96 1.28 0.89 1.61 2.63 2.82 3.16 1.69 0.93 0.9* 0.56 17.60 1962 0.71 0.36 0.68 1.08 l.*7 1.B6 2. ''3 0.61 0.68 0.62 0.68 0.26 11.7* 1963 0>*6 0**5 O.80 0-09 0.78 1.63 ; 'z 3.*2 1.76 0.*7 0.25 0.*6 12.09 196* 0.21 O.96 0.83 0.86 2.66 0.70 1.** l.*6 0.93 0.09 0.9* 0,*7 11.55 1965 0.37 0.72 1.00 1.28 l.*2 *.77 3.70 3.3* 1.68 1.15 0.16 0.51 20.10 1966 0.52 0.*8 0.13 0.99 0.70 1.22 2.90 2.76 1.51 0.** 0.16 0.*3 12.2* 1967 0.*3 0.53 0.36 1.09 2.73 2.30 3.00 2.51 l.OB 0.82 0.39 1.10 16.3* 1968 0.21 0.58 0.8* 1.26 1.50 0.82 3.82 2.36 0.72 0.*6 0.67 0.39 13.63 1969 0.20 0.19 1.25 l.*2 2.87 2.65 2.61 2.19 1.81 2.62 0.36 0.81 18.98 1970 0.17 0.21 1.6* 1.2* 0.91 1.30 2.*3 2.01 1.87 1.50 0.61 0.05 13.9* 0.5* 0.97 1.57 EXHIBIT 113 / Colorado ^ J \ ) PLATTE DRAINAGE J KANSAS DRAINAGE / .-/ / r mmm / ARKANSAS CRANAGE -99- CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 90 AIRPORT CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY This publication, intended mainly as an aid to aviation, has been prepared for 163 airports for which LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA is published. It is based upon the 10-year period 1965 through 1974. It presents a "Capsule Summary of Aviation Weather" (Exhibit 114), a table of monthly and annual means and extremes (Exhibit 115), sequential tables of monthly and annual values of average daily maximum and minimum temperature, monthly average temperature, total precipi- tation, total snowfall, total heating-degree days and total cooling-degree days (Exhibit 116), and flying weather statistics (Exhibit 117). It also includes, based upon eight observations per day (Exhibit 118), monthly and annual percent frequencies of ceiling, visibility, and weather conditions by wind direction, wind direction versus wind speed for both ALL WEATHER and INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR) conditions, and the mean number of days with various weather conditions for each of the eight observational times (0000, 0300, ..., 2100 GMT, expressed in LST). The recent station location history (Exhibit 48) is also presented. This publication is a revision of the CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 82, SUMMARY OF HOURLY OBSERVATIONS (reference pages 92 through 96) issued in the early 1960's and which contain data summaries based upon 24 observations a day. EXHIBIT 114 CAPSULE SUMMARY OF AVIATION WEATHE R Flying Weather (Table 9): Ceiling less than 1500 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles. -- Month (all hours) with greatest percent frequency of occurrence: January (26.0%) -- Month (all hours) with lowest percent frequency of occurrence: October (7.2%) -- 3-hourly observation time (annual) with grea test percent frequency of occurrence: 1000 (18.8%) -- 3-hourly observation time (annual) with lowest percent frequency of occurrence: 2200 (10.9%) Ceiling, Vi sibility , a nd Wea ther by Wi nd D irection (Table 10 - Annual): -- Percent frequency of ceilings over 9500 feet (10,000 feet or greater): 50.0% -- Prevailing surface wind direction with ceiling over 9500 feet and percent frequency of occurrence: S (13.6%) -- Percent frequency of visibilities over 6 miles (7 miles or greater): 69.2% Prevailing surface wind direction with visibility over 6 miles and percent frequency of occurrence: S (15.6%) Wind Direction vs. Wind Speed (Table 11 - Annual): All Weather - Table A (percent frequency of all observations): -- Prevailing wind direction: S (20.8%) wind speed (all directions) greater than 16 knots: 10.6% IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) - Table B (percent frequency of IFR observations): -- Prevailing wind direction: W (17.6%) wind speed (all directions) greater than 16 knots: 13.0% (17.6% = percent frequency from W direction X 100% * total IFR percent frequency) Weather Condition by Hour (Table 12 - Annual): -- Time of day with most obstructions to vision and mean number of days with visibility less than 7 miles at this hour: 1000 (117.8 days) -- Time of day with least obstructions to vision and mean number of days with visibility less than 7 miles at this hour: 0100 (65.7 days) -100- EXHIBIT 115 TABLE 1. MEANS AND EXTREMES FOR PERIOD 1965 - 1974 F«IE» PA ERIE INTL AP LAT1TU0E 4205N LONGITUDE 0*011" 'IMP. T.QME : EASTERN ELEVATION 731 PT X TEMPERATURE (°F) PRECIPITATION (INCHES) MEAN PRESSURE SURFACE WIND MEAN SKY COVER <%) MEAN EXTREME TOTAL SNOWFALL RELATIVE HS ALTITUDE DC 1- z o 2 HUMIDITY (%) LST § = * d: CO LL DEW PT (°F) ( FT ) Qfc > — SPEED (KT) DAILY ^ MAX MIN MEAN MAX MIN ^ MEAN MAX ^ MEAN DEPTH MEAN 99.95% MAX MIN g 5S Sa 01 07 13 19 Ek — LEVEL Q. MEAN MAX JAN 32 1" 26 64 -13 2.2 3.9 , .8 21 30 9 3 74 75 7i 73 .11 16 65? 1450 s 12.1 35- 85 FEB 32 I 7 25 62 -12 1.9 3.0 .7 1.2 1« 3? 9 2 75 77 7o 74 .11 17 600 1400 s 11.2 43* 76 MAR «1 2* 34 79 2-7 5.0 1 >4 1.8 13 27 12 1 75 77 67 Tl • 15 2! 650 1550 s 10.4 39* 72 APR 54 3* 45 Bo l' 3.3 5.3 1.7 1.5 t 8 2 73 74 6l 63 •21 32 60C 1450 s 10.4 40-* 66 MAY 63 45 54 87 2& 3.6 5.5 2.0 2>2 T T 76 76 63 63 •30 43 600 1200 s 9.3 29* 63 JUN 74 56 65 91 32 4.2 7.5 2.5 l.B 79 79 64 64 .45 55 750 1100 s 8.7 32* 37 JUL 78 6o 64 94 46 3*2 7.7 1 • 1 2.8 80 8o 63 64 •52 59 600 1000 s 8.1 28* 34 AUG 77 60 68 92 41 3.) 4.5 1.8 1.6 n 83 85 65 68 • 52 59 600 1000 s 8.2 30* »1 SEP 71 54 6? 69 33 3.6 7.] 2.0 1.8 (j 61 64 66 74 .44 54 650 1150 s 8.9 39* 62 OCT 60 44 >2 t»2 2* 2.9 3.8 1.6 1.3 ? 2 73 77 64 73 .29 «2 650 1200 s 10.3 34* 66 NOV 46 3' «n 73 |9 4.3 5.3 2.8 W 13 36 \i T 77 77 ?x 75 •20 32 600 1400 s 11.6 3 4* 86 DEC 38 27 3? 68 2 3.3 4.3 2.2 1.5 V 31 9 1 76 77 74 76 • 15 25 600 1400 s 11.6 31* »1 ANN 55 40 4* 94 -13 3 P .<- 7,7 , 7 2." 85 36 15 1 77 78 67 70 .29 39 6Q0 1350 s 10.1 45* 69 TABLE 1 A. MEAN NUMBER OF DAYS WITH OCCURRENCE OF: PRECIPITATION (INCHES) FOG 1 (/) 2 5 3 o TEMPERATURE ( °F) X 1- z TOTAL SNOWFALL ? > s > z O -j < Z < 5 o ■3 fc Ml "J UJ N < P3 oo V ^ 00 o z MAX MIN o 2 = OR > = OR > ■*" 00 V > ^ 00 3 H I 00 1- I 00 5 o = OR > ■ OR < .01 .1 .5 1.0 .5 1.0 2.0 4.0 CD 90 65 32 45 32 JAN 19 7 1 10 7 3 1 11 1 t 9 21 2 1* 6 16 31 28 2 FEB 16 6 1 H 9 6 3 1 9 1 X * 7 20 1 13 5 1* 28 26 2 MAR 16 8 1 « 6 4 2 1 13 3 2 1? 16 1 1<> 2 2 2* 30 25 1 APR 15 6 2 « 2 1 » 10 I i Hi 17 6 * 14 B 7 30 25 12 MAY 13 9 2 1 12 I 5 M 18 1 1« 14 31 16 1 JUN 1 1 8 3 1 11 1 6 16 19 1 26 30 2 « JUL 10 S 2 1 V 1 7 » 13 21 N 31 31 AUG 10 7 2 1 11 1 7 13 20 1 31 31 1 SEP 1 1 6 2 1 12 1 4 * )5 17 23 3d 5 OCT 13 8 2 * * X 11 « 2 1 17 3 1 13 10 31 IB 3 NOV 17 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 13 1 3 « 18 11 1 * 12 2 1 29 28 12 DEC 19 9 1 » 8 5 3 1 12 1 1 N 1« 18 2 2 12 3 » 22 31 24 ANN 169 92 22 7 *0 27 13 5 134 13 39 2 168 94 7 6 1*2 18 1 145 319 21* 131 4 NOTES 1. T OR # INDICATES LESS THAN 0.5 DAY. 0.5%. 0.5 OR 0.05 INCH, AS APPLICABLE. 2. TOTAL PRECIPITATION EQUALS RAIN PLUS WATER EQUIVALENT OF SNOW AND ICE PELLETS (SLEET). 3 THE VALUE LISTED UNDER PRESSURE ALTITUDE (FT) 99.95% LEVEL INDICATES VALUE EXCEEDED ONLY 0.05% OF THE TIME 4. MEAN SNOW DEPTH OBSERVED AT 1200 GMT 5. SURFACE WIND SPEED MAX IS FASTEST NAUTICAL MILE (THE SPEED OF A NAUTICAL MILE OF WIND OCCURRING IN THE SHORTEST TIME INTERVAL). AN ASTERISK ( . ) INDICATES PEAK GUST, WHILE A PLUS ( ♦ ) INDICATES THE FASTEST 1-MINUTE VALUE 6. 9 FOR PREVAILING DIRECTION. NUMBER OF CALMS EXCEEDS NUMBER OF WINDS IN LISTED DIRECTION -101- EXHIBIT 116 TABLE 2. AVERAGE DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (°F) TABLE 3. SNOWFALL (INCHES) YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1«65 32.2 35.3 35.4 50.1 71.1 74.1 76.5 76.5 74.4 57.7 49.6 41.2 56.2 \«t>k '9.? 32.4 45.6 52.0 60.6 77.1 61.4 77.9 69.1 59.7 50.2 37.6 56.1 1«67 39.2 32.1. 42.4 56.8 58.1 80.9 76.7 74.8 69.5 61.3 42.0 40.0 56.1 1~6B '0-6 28.3 44.9 58.1 60.6 74.6 78.8 78.6 73.7 62.7 48.5 36.5 56.3 1969 33.6 32.4 39.0 57.1 64.0 71.1 76.9 78.8 69.8 58.5 43.5 30.5 54.6 1970 "..0 31.3 34.5 54.2 67.4 73.2 77.3 76.9 71.0 59.4 46.1 36.6 54.3 1971 58.7 33-7 37.3 49.3 62.2 74.7 76.5 7 3 .8 70.9 64.5 45.4 42.6 55.0 1*72 33.9 30.3 36.4 48.7 64.4 67.2 76.4 7*.4 69.5 53.9 41.5 38.9 53.1 1973 36.0 31-3 50.9 54.1 60.0 74.8 78.5 77.4 71.5 62.5 48.7 36.9 56.9 197* 36.6 31.' 42.7 56.9 67.8 72.3 76. a 76.8 66.8 56.9 47.5 35.0 55.2 MF4N 32.4 31.8 41.1 53.7 63.1 74.0 77.6 76.6 70.6 59.7 46.3 37.6 55.4 M4X 19.2 35.3 50.9 56.1 71.1 80.9 81.4 78.8 74.4 64.5 50.2 42.6 56,9 KIN '4.0 28.3 34.5 48.7 58.1 67.2 7e.4 73.8 66.8 53.9 41.5 30.5 53.1 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1965 16.8 13.7 26.8 2.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 T 16.4 5.3 83.? 1966 29.9 8.7 17.7 4.8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 7.2 31.4 99.7 1967 6.0 13.5 8.8 1.7 .0 .0 .0 .0 T 36.3 13.3 79.6 1968 24.2 ?4.6 9.1 • 4 .0 .0 .0 •0 .0 T 9,8 18.8 66.9 1969 26.1 13.6 9.4 2-0 .0 .0 .0 • .0 1.2 11.* 21.9 85.6 1970 19.7 ?1.9 8.6 .9 .n .0 .0 .0 .0 T 18.6 23.6 93.1 1971 26.8 21.4 26.8 2.8 • • .0 •0 .0 T 14.6 1-1 101.7 1972 27.3 32.1 7.9 1-1 .0 • • ■0 .0 .6 6.6 18.5 94.1 1973 7.9 12.6 5.7 1-6 .0 .0 •0 .0 T .4 10.8 39.2 1974 21.2 17.9 13.2 5.1 .0 .0 -0 .0 2.3 2.9 20.1 62.7 MEAN 20.6 18.0 13.4 2.3 .0 • .0 ■0 .0 .4 12.6 17.3 84.6 MAX 29.9 32.1 26.8 5.1 .0 .0 • . n 2.3 36.3 31.4 101.7 HIN 6.0 8.7 5.7 .4 .0 .0 .0 ■ .0 .0 .4 1.3 39.? TABLE 4. AVERAGE DAILY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (°F) TABLE 5. HEATING DEGREE DAYS YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1965 '9.4 17.9 23.5 33. 1 «n.9 54.9 58.5 59.9 58.! 43.3 35.2 30.8 40.5 1966 16. , 20.7 29.5 37.0 42.6 57.8 62.1 60.7 53.0 42.8 36.3 26.9 40,5 1967 ?6.4 lb. 3 26.7 38.4 41.1 61.3 6o.9 58.3 50.4 44.6 31.8 27.9 40.4 1968 16.3 13.1 ?7.9 38.5 44.6 55.3 61.3 62.5 56.1 47.4 36.3 24.5 40.5 1969 20.4 18.9 ?».6 37.3 45.3 54.1 6l.l 60.4 53.5 41.5 33.0 21.0 39.3 1970 9.6 14.8 22.2 36.0 48.9 54.5 60.5 59.0 54.5 46.6 34. 7 24.9 38,9 1971 1 5 . 3 20.9 22.7 31.8 41.6 57.2 57.2 55.6 57.2 49.5 33.1 29.1 39.3 1972 19.9 15.5 21.2 31.3 46.8 52.3 60.4 57.7 52.7 40.5 33.1 27.7 38.3 1973 23.2 16.2 33.5 37.5 4'.0 57.6 60.9 61.8 53.7 47.1 36.9 26.5 41,7 1-.74 2 3.4 17.7 28.0 38.3 43.1 54.0 56.5 59.4 50.6 39.6 34.5 26.9 39.5 MEAN 19.0 17.2 26.0 36.0 4*.0 55.9 60. 1 59.5 54.2 44.3 34.5 26.6 39.9 MAX '6.4 20.9 33.5 38.5 50.9 61.3 62.1 62.5 58.1 49.5 36.9 30.6 41.7 HIN 9.6 13.1 21.2 31.3 41.1 52.3 57.2 55. 6 50.4 39.6 31.6 21.0 36,3 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1965 120' 1072 1093 696 174 105 26 44 76 441 673 89? 6501 1966 1302 1068 842 609 417 64 5 10 151 420 644 1006 6538 1967 993 1137 941 518 471 18 25 32 164 374 835 955 6463 1968 1260 1277 881 494 377 81 20 26 55 333 671 1063 6556 1969 1169 1093 1020 528 324 145 20 20 169 462 796 1211 6957 1970 1488 1169 1129 605 235 103 18 18 125 366 731 1056 7043 1971 1324 1048 1078 723 404 68 32 55 97 242 763 895 6729 1972 1172 1217 1082 742 287 164 55 47 144 546 820 976 727? 1973 1090 1146 697 568 379 40 9 18 141 309 658 1022 6077 1974 1077 112B 915 521 373 101 32 9 204 511 713 1046 663C MEAN 1210 1136 966 600 344 91 24 28 133 400 730 1012 6677 TABLE 6. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (°F) TABLE 7. COOLING DEGREE DAYS YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1^65 '5.8 26.6 ?9.S 41.6 61.0 64.5 67.5 68.2 66.3 50.5 42.4 36.0 48.4 1°66 22.6 26.6 37.6 44.5 51.6 67.5 71.8 69.3 61.1 51.3 43.3 32.3 48.3 1''67 32.8 24.2 34.6 47.6 49.6 71.1 68.8 66.6 60.0 53.1 36.9 34.0 48.3 1966 '3.5 20.7 36.4 48.3 52.6 65.0 '0., 7o.6 65.9 55.1 42.4 30.5 48,4 1969 '7.0 25.7 31.8 47.2 54.7 62.6 69.0 69.6 61.7 50.0 38.3 25.6 47.0 1"70 •6.8 2-'.l '8.4 45.1 58.2 63.9 68.9 68.0 62.8 5^.0 40.4 30.6 46.6 1971 '2.0 27.3 30.0 40.6 51.9 66.0 66.9 64.7 64.1 57.0 39.3 35.9 47.2 1°72 ?6.9 22.9 ?9.8 40.0 55.6 59.6 6R.4 66.1 61.1 47.2 37.3 33.3 45.7 1973 ?9.6 23.8 42.2 46.0 52.5 66.2 69.7 69.6 62.6 54.8 42.8 31.7 49,3 1974 30.0 24.6 35.4 47.0 53.0 63.2 .67.7 68.1 58.7 46.3 41.0 31.0 47.4 MF4N ?5.7 24.6 33.6 44.9 54.1 65.0 68.9 68.1 62.4 52.0 40.4 32.1 47.7 MfiX 32.8 27.3 42.2 48.3 61.0 71.1 7i. a 70.6 66.3 57.0 43.3 36.0 49.3 MIN 16.8 20.7 28.4 40.0 49.6 59.6 66.9 64.7 58.7 47.2 36.9 25.8 45.7 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL 1965 57 98 112 153 123 543 1966 2 12 146 223 149 39 3 574 1967 2 3 2?9 150 90 20 12 486 1968 1 87 187 205 »° 33 602 1969 4 10 81 150 170 76 5 496 1970 13 28 76 145 119 62 3 446 1971 7 105 96 55 75 3 341 1972 2 32 165 88 35 322 1973 6 n 84 163 167 76 1 497 1974 5 9 55 120 114 23 326 MEAN 3 13 97 151 131 62 6 463 TABLE 8. TOTAL PRECIPITATION (INCHES) NOTES YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL l'»6S 3.66 3.0U 3.55 1.66 3.40 3.75 3.4B 2.68 2.24 3.84 4.27 2.68 38.41 196o '.CI 1.92 3.47 4.26 2.03 3.6? 2.08 3.52 3.24 1.73 5.34 4.32 37.74 1V67 .90 1.67 1.67 4.21 3.15 2.49 4.79 4.48 4.25 2.77 5.19 2.21 37.78 1»66 '.98 1.13 1.69 2.64 3.06 J.63 2.34 2.76 2.93 3.40 4.71 4.06 34.33 1969 2.95 .73 1.43 5.27 5.h9 4.68 3.65 1.75 1.99 3.02 2.99 2.43 36.56 1970 1.44 2.09 1.61 2.48 3.23 2.65 7.7 2.03 7.08 3.52 4.67 2.80 41.50 1971 1.63 2.05 1.B5 1.61 ?.20 2.63 2.67 3.46 3.51 3.48 4.51 4.06 34.06 1972 1.94 2.7' 3.95 2.64 4.69 7.50 2.91 3.01 5.37 1.72 3.36 3.69 43.55 197' 1.72 2.00 3.18 2.71 4.57 6.28 1.55 3.96 2.22 3.56 2.63 3.46 38.04 1974 '.45 1.93 5.02 4.89 4.44 5.33 1. 11 2.97 3.34 1.57 5.20 3.98 41.83 MF4N 2.19 1.93 2.74 3.26 3.63 4.22 3.23 3.06 3.62 2.86 4.33 3.33 38.38 MAX 3.66 3.0U 5.02 5.27 5.49 7.50 7.70 4.48 7.08 3.84 5.34 4.32 43.55 MIN .90 .73 1.43 1.66 ?.03 2.49 l.H 1.75 1.99 1.57 2.83 2.21 34.06 1. HEATING 1COOLINGI DEGREE DAYS = SUM OF NEGATIVE (POSITIVE! DEPARTURES OF AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURES FROM 65 °F. 2. T = TRACE - AN AMOUNT TOO SMALL TO MEASURE. 3. A MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AMOUNT MAY BE A TRACE. HOWEVER. IN CALCULATING THE 10- YEAR MONTHLY MEAN, A TRACE IS CON SIOERED AS ZERO. 4. M = MISSING DATA. WHEN IM1 APPEARS COLUMN MEANS ARE FOR NUMBER OF YEARS OF AVAILABLE DATA, -102- ERIE/ PA ERIE INTL AP EXHIBIT 117 PERIOD OF RECORD | 1965-74 29204 OBSERVATIONS TABLE 9. FLYING WEATHER (PERCENT FREQUENCY OF OBSERVATIONS) CEILING LESS THAN MONTH AND/OR HOUR ANN VISIBILITY LESS THAN (LST) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 01 23.2 20.9 21.9 12.3 8.1 6.3 3,9 4.2 5,0 5,5 14.7 18,4 12.0 04 2«.2 24.8 20.3 12.7 13.6 9.7 6,1 6.5 8,3 8.1 16.7 22.9 14.4 0? 21.9 24.1 23.9 14.0 14.5 1^.3 15,2 15.5 16,3 8.1 16.3 21.3 17.1 1500 FEET 10 33.2 30.5 28.7 12.7 13.2 13.7 11.0 14.2 14,3 7,7 IB. 7 28.7 18.8 13 30.0 29.4 29.2 10-3 11.3 9.0 10,0 8.1 9.0 7.1 17.3 26,1 16.0 3 MILES 16 31.9 23.4 23.9 10-7 9,7 8.0 5,8 9.4 9.7 9.0 20.7 29.0 15.9 19 21.6 16.7 21.6 12.3 10.0 7.0 4,8 8.8 10,3 7.1 13.3 20.3 12.8 22 21.6 19,1 17.7 15.0 8.1 4.0 1.9 3.9 4.0 4.8 13.7 17.7 10.9 ALL 2 6 .0 23.6 22.9 12-5 11.1 9.0 7,3 8.8 9,6 7.2 16.4 23.1 14.8 01 16.1 16.7 18.4 10.3 5.B 5.0 2,6 2.3 3,0 4,2 8.3 15.2 9.0 0* 17.4 20.9 16.1 10.0 8,4 8.0 3»9 4.2 5,0 4.2 9.7 16,1 10.3 07 16.8 19.1 20.6 10.7 12.3 11.0 11.9 12.9 13,0 5.8 9.7 14.5 13.2 1000 FEET 10 29.4 26.2 23.9 8.7 9,0 10.0 9,0 U.3 11.0 6.8 14.0 24.8 15.3 13 26.5 23.8 22.0 8.3 8,1 7.7 9,7 5.8 7.3 4.2 13.3 20.3 13.0 3 MILES 16 29.2 22.0 20.6 8.7 9,0 7.3 5,8 7.8 7.3 7.4 17.0 22.9 13.4 19 17.4 14.5 20.0 11.3 9,4 6.7 4,5 8.1 7,7 5.2 9.3 13.9 10.7 22 13.9 14.2 1*.2 9.3 5,8 3.3 1,6 2.6 2,0 3.2 8.0 10.0 7.3 ALL 20,3 19.7 19.5 9.7 8,5 7.4 6.1 6,9 7,0 5.1 11.2 17.2 11,5 01 3.2 3.2 0.1 3.7 2.9 1.0 ,6 .6 .7 1.3 2.3 3.9 2.5 04 3.2 4.3 6.5 3.3 2.9 2-0 .3 .6 ,7 .6 2.7 4.5 2.6 07 4.2 2.5 7.1 2.3 4,8 1.3 .6 .6 2,0 .3 2.0 4.2 2.7 400 FEET 10 6.8 4.6 7.1 2.0 3.2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .6 2.7 4.8 2.8 13 5.5 6.4 4.9 2.0 2.3 1.3 ,3 .3 .3 .3 2.0 3.5 2.4 1 MILE 16 5.8 4.6 8.1 2.7 2,3 .7 ,3 .3 .6 3.0 2,9 2.6 19 3.5 3.2 5.8 1.7 1.3 1.0 .3 .3 .6 1.0 3.9 1.9 22 3.2 3.5 7.4 2.7 2,6 .3 1.6 2.0 1.3 2.1 ALL 4.4 4.0 b.6 2.5 2,8 1.0 .4 .4 .6 .8 2.2 3.6 2.4 01 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.0 ,6 .3 .3 .3 .3 1.7 1.0 .8 04 .6 ,7 2.3 1.7 1.6 .7 ,3 .6 1.0 1.3 .9 07 1.0 1.4 2.9 1.0 1.9 .3 .3 .3 .7 .7 1.6 1.0 200 FEET 10 1.3 1.6 .7 .6 .3 1.0 1.3 .6 13 .6 .7 1.6 .7 .3 .3 1.3 .5 1/2 MILE 16 1.3 1.4 2.6 1.0 .6 1.0 .6 .7 19 .6 .4 1.6 .3 .3 .6 .7 .3 .4 22 1.3 3.2 1.3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .6 ALL 1.0 .8 2.2 1.0 .8 .2 ,1 .2 .2 .2 .8 1.0 .7 01 ,7 1.3 .7 .3 .3 .3 .7 .4 04 1.3 .3 1 .0 .3 .3 .3 .6 .4 07 .6 .4 1.6 .3 1.6 .3 .3 .7 .3 .5 100 FEET 10 13 .4 .6 1.0 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .6 1.0 .2 ,2 1/4 MILE 16 19 22 .3 .7 1.6 1.3 1.0 .3 ,6 .3 .3 .3 .3 ,3 .3 .2 .1 ALL .1 • 3 1.2 • 3 .4 • 1 •1 ,2 .0 .3 .4 .3 .0 INDICATES VALUE LESS THAN 0.05% THESE VALUES ARE BASED ON 3-HOURLY OBSERVATIONS -103- EXHIBIT 118 ERIE/ PA ERIE INTL AP JANUARY PERIOD OP RECORD 1965.7* 2*80 OBSERVATIONS TABLE 10. CEILING , VISIBILITY, AND WEATHER BY WIND DIRECTION (PERCENT FREQUENCY OF OBSERVATIONS) WIND DIR CEILING (FEET) VISIBILITY (MILES) WEATHER 100 200 TO 400 TO 1000 TO 1500 TO 2000 TO 3000 TO 5000 TO OVER 9500 TO 1/4 TO 1/2 TO 1 TO 3 TO OVER N D/OR ZL Z RAIN D/OR Z DRZL cr go * cr O Q M E 300 900 1400 1900 2900 4900 9500 3/16 3/8 3/4 2 1/2 6 200 FT AND > 1/2 Ml. TABLE 12. WEATHER CONDITION BY HOUR (MEAN NO OF DAYS) HOUR (LST) WEATHER CONDITIONS 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 RAIN AND/OR DRIZZLE 2.0 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 FRZ RAIN AND/OR FRZ DRIZZLE ,5 .2 ,4 .2 ,2 .3 .3 .3 SNOW AND/OR ICE PELLETS 10. 1 in. 4 11.2 11.8 10.6 9.5 10.5 10.1 cr HAIL JS PRECIPITATION 12.4 13.1 13.7 13.9 12.8 11.9 13.0 12.* ><£ FOG 2.9 3.4 3,3 4.6 4,1 3.9 4.3 3.1 FOG AND SMOKE .1 SMOKE AND/OR HAZE 1.6 1.7 1.3 4,7 4.8 3.3 2.6 2.2 OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISION 6,7 6.7 6.3 10.6 10.3 11.0 8.7 7.0 THUNDERSTORM CALM ,2 ,1 .3 ,1 .1 .3 Q 1 - 6 4,4 5.5 3.4 4.0 2.6 3.6 4.9 4.6 LU CO 7-10 10.1 8.6 9.8 8.3 7.6 7.1 8.9 8.2 CO o 11 - 16 9.7 10. 11.3 12.3 14,4 14.2 11.7 12.2 Q Z 17 - 21 5.7 9.8 5.0 9.4 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.9 22 - 27 .8 .8 ,9 .8 1.1 1.1 .6 1.9 s 28 - 33 OVER 33 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .1 - 3/16 ,2 .1 •" 5> 1/4 - 3/8 .1 , 1 ,1 ,4 ,2 .3 ,: _J LU 1/2 - 3/4 ■ 3 ,6 .4 1>3 1.5 1-2 .6 .6 co s 1-2 1/2 3.5 3.1 3.4 6.8 5.8 5.4 3.0 2.7 > 3-6 5.1 5.6 5.6 6,8 5.4 5.9 6.5 5.2 OVER 6 22.0 21.6 21,3 13.7 18.1 18.2 20.8 22.3 UJ ZERO OR LOWER .7 1.0 1.2 .5 .1 .1 .4 ,5 1 - 32 21.3 21.8 22-1 22.0 20.0 19.8 21.6 21.5 1- — 33 - 44 7.1 6,9 6.5 6.9 8,3 8.6 7.2 7.3 45 - 64 1.7 1,3 1.2 1.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.7 65 - 89 S 90- 99 H OVER 99 VALUES ARE ROUNDED TO NEAREST TENTH, BUT NOT ADJUSTED TO MAKE THEIR SUMS EXACTLY EQUAL TO COLUMN OR ROW TOTALS. THESE VALUES ARE BASED ON 3-HOURLY OBSERVATIONS. -104- WORLD WEATHER RECORDS This publication of worldwide climatic data was initially prepared by H. H. Clayton and Miss F. L. Clayton and published by the Smithsonian Institute as Volumes 79, 90, and 105 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Volume 79 (1927) contained data from the earliest date available up to 1920. Volume 90 (1934) included data for the decade 1921 through 1930, and Volume 105 (1947) included data for the decade 1931 through 1940. The U.S. Weather Bureau (currently the National Weather Service) continued the publication of worldwide climatological data with a single volume for the period 1941 through 1950. Insofar as possible, this volume included the record of monthly and annual values of mean station pressure and mean sea-level pressure (millimeters of mercury or millibars); mean temperatures (Fahrenheit or Celsius); and total precipitation (millimeters or inches). It also included long homogeneous records for some stations not included in previous volumes, and for a number of stations in geographic areas not represented previously. Items of a quasi-climatological nature, such as lake and river levels and dates of freezing and thawing of rivers and lakes, are included for a few locations. Worldwide climatic data for the decade 1951 through 1960 were gathered, prepared, and published by the U.S. Weather Bureau (National Weather Service) in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization. The publication for 1951 through 1960 was printed in six volumes: Volume I - North America (except Central America); published in 1965; includes data for 239 stations. Volume II - Europe; published in 1966; 352 stations. Volume III - South and Central America, West Indies, the Caribbean and Bermuda; published in 1966; 267 stations. Volume IV - Asia; published in 1967; 306 stations. Volume V - Africa; published in 1967; 380 stations. Volume VI - Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica, Oceanic Islands, and Ocean Weather Stations; published in 1968; 344 stations . The 1951 through 1960 publication presents data by station in sequential tables for monthly and annual average station pressure (Exhibit 119), average sea-level pressure in millibars (Exhibit 120), monthly and annual mean temperature in °C (Exhibit 121), and monthly and annual total precipitation in millimeters (Exhibit 122). Not all stations reported all of these elements and some stations had periods of missing record for some elements. For a few stations, a table of monthly and annual mean elevation of lake surface is included. Although data are generally for 1951 through 1960, data for some stations not previously published are included for the station's entire period of record. In cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data and Information Service, National Climatic Center is gathering, processing, and publishing the 1961 through 1970 WORLD WEATHER RECORDS. This series will also be published in -105- six volumes and presented in the same format (in metric units) as the 1951 through 1960 WORLD WEATHER RECORDS. Volume I - North America (except Central America) is available; Volume II - Europe will be published during late 1979. The remainder of the volumes (III through VI) will be published during 1980 and 1981 as data are received from World Meteorological Organization participating members . EXHIBIT 119 WORLD WEATHER RECORDS HANN3VER-LANGENHAGEN NOTES ON PAGE 90 GERMANY, FED. REP. OF WHO 10338 32 28N 09 42E 34 M STATION PRESSURE MB 1961 1*62 1963 1964 1965 1008, 1007, 1017, 10?3, 1003, ,3 ,8 ,4 ,1 ,1 1013, 1012, 1007, 1010. 1014, ,4 ■ ,3 ,8 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1009, 1010, 1006, 1007. 1005, ,1 ,7 ,9 ,0 ,6 1000, 1009, 1007, 1003, 1000, ,3 ,6 ,7 ,3 ,b MEAN 1009. ,9 1007, ,9 1009.9 1005.3 1O10.B 1008.3 1006.3 1008.4 1007.6 1008.8 1006.7 1013.2 1012.2 1009.6 1006.7 1008.9 1008.7 1008.6 1007.6 1008.6 1006.8 1008.5 1010.1 1009.5 1008.2 1009,5 1010,6 1005,9 1007.5 1008.6 1010.7 1009.6 1007.6 1008.8 1006.7 1013.2 1012.2 1009.6 1007.7 1004,8 1009,7 1006,1 1006.9 1007.7 1006.7 1010.1 1O09.4 1010.1 1012.0 1007.3 1006,8 1011.0 1010.2 1006.8 1007.0 1003.3 1010.1 1008.3 1O06.1 1009.1 1013.8 1008.3 1011,9 1015.4 999.4 1011. 1005.6 1000.6 1003.3 1004.3 1008.9 1011.6 1007.0 1009.5 1011.1 1010.3 1004.3 1015.1 1011.0 1004.5 1006.8 1000.5 1007.7 1004.8 1009.7 1006.1 8 EXHIBIT 120 SEA LEVEL PRESSURE MB YEAR JAN FEB MAR 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1961 1015.0 1019.7 1021.3 1010.6 1014.3 1015.5 1013.7 1015,9 1016,4 1013,6 1013,4 1014.9 1962 1014.3 1019.0 1011.2 1013.6 1013.4 1020.4 1015.0 1015,0 1015.2 1021.3 1014,8 1016.0 1963 1024.2 1013.8 1014.5 1013.9 1016.5 1013.2 1018.2 1009.7 1016,9 1019.1 1005.6 1021.1 1964 10?9.9 1017.0 1017.2 1014.2 1017.1 1013.9 1017.2 1014.9 1018.0 1015.9 1018.5 1014.3 1965 1O09.9 1021.7 1016.9 1010.9 1014.5 1015.0 1011.6 1015.5 1012.0 1022.7 1009.6 1002.5 1016.0 1007.1 1016.6 1017.5 1016.3 1014.3 1013.8 1014.5 1013.4 1013.8 1010.2 1016.9 1012.5 1007.5 1010.1 1012.0 1017.1 1014.8 1012.7 101*. 9 1017.3 1011.1 1013.6 1007, 1015.5 1013.2 1019.7 1018.6 1016.0 1014,2 1011,3 1016,4 1012, 1016.7 1015,9 1016.5 1018.4 1013.7 1013.3 1017,6 1017.0 1013; 1014.9 1012.6 1015.6 1020.2 1014.7 1018.5 1022.0 1006.0 1017, 1010.9 1015.4 1018.1 1013.4 1016.0 1017.6 1016.9 1011.0 1022', MEAN 1016.7 1014.7 1013.2 1013.3 1015.0 1016, CLINO 1015.3 1015.4 1016.2 1014.6 1015.7 1016, 1015.9 1014.3 1014.6 1016,0 1017.2 1012.6 1014.3 1014.5 1016.3 1015.9 1014.9 1015.1 MEAN 1015.4 1015.8 1015.6 1017.5 1013.6 1013.4 1015.5 1015.4 1015.3 1014.3 1015.2 1015.4 EXHIBIT 121 TEMPERATURE OEG C EXHIBIT 122 SEP 1961 .2 5.6 6.4 10.6 10.4 16.4 15.3 15.9 16.7 11.0 4.3 - .3 9.4 1962 3.0 1.6 .6 8.4 10.0 14.1 14.6 15.1 12.3 9.3 3.3 - 2.6 7.5 1963 - 7.5 - 6.1 3.0 8.9 12.5 16.7 17.5 16.3 13.6 8.5 8.0 - 2.4 7.4 1964 - 1.6 .9 .8 9.0 13.9 16.9 17.9 16.3 13.9 7,4 5.2 1.7 8.5 1965 2.4 .1 3.1 7.3 11.7 15.6 15.0 15.0 13.5 8.8 .8 3.3 8.0 1966 - 1.6 2.1 4.3 8.6 13.4 17.5 16.1 15.9 13.3 11.3 3.0 3.0 8.9 1967 2.6 4.0 6.2 6.7 12.9 15.0 18.7 16.7 14.3 11.7 4.7 1.9 9.6 1968 - .3 .8 3.2 9.7 11. 16.6 16,3 17.2 14,2 10.9 4.5 - 1.5 8.7 1969 2.4 - 1.5 - .3 7.3 13.1 15.6 18,7 17.1 13.9 11.1 5.9 - 4.2 8.3 1970 - 2.8 - .7 2.0 5.7 12.3 17.4 16.4 16,8 13.3 9.5 7.1 1.4 8.2 MEAN - .3 .7 3.1 8.2 12.1 16.2 16.6 16,2 13.9 10.0 4.7 .0 B.5 CLINO .1 .5 3.6 8.1 12.6 15.8 17.4 17.0 13.8 9.1 5.1 1.8 8.7 PRECIPITATION MM MAY 1961 72.4 59.3 52.7 95.9 105.2 38.6 70.0 93.4 34.7 35,4 73.3 82.0 814.9 1962 49.7 46.8 39.0 30.7 57. B 33.9 120.6 50.5 39.0 11.4 16.7 67.1 583.2 1963 11.4 12.4 33.8 29.4 34.6 44.8 45.4 94.4 34.6 34.4 80.1 11.4 466.7 1964 17.5 35.4 21.5 46.3 52.0 43.9 32.8 73.9 45.2 28. B 40.6 31.9 469.8 1965 85.9 24.9 32.7 111.2 89.2 50.1 107.7 75.7 37.5 32.4 50.9 71.3 769.5 1966 40.9 79.0 45.7 70.3 77.9 75.8 79.4 56.7 20.1 34,0 62.0 95.7 737.5 1967 48.8 31.0 59.1 45.4 101.7 72.7 53.6 97.7 104.8 41,7 69.7 70.7 796.9 1968 66.3 16.4 48.4 10.6 78. 4 66.1 76.0 59.3 B4.2 60, 8 20.4 15.2 602.1 1969 54.5 30.8 32.3 86.1 7B.1 105.9 30.6 70.1 6.5 21.5 61.0 24.2 602.0 1970 35.4 91.0 64.3 75.4 35.9 50.3 76.1 91.0 67.0 BO. 5 79.1 32.4 778.4 MEAN 48.3 42.7 43.0 62.1 71.1 58.2 69.2 76.3 47.4 38,1 55.6 50.2 662.1 CLINO 48 46 38 48 52 64 84 73 54 56 52 46 661 -106- PART IV SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS AVERAGE CIRCULATION IN THE TROPOSPHERE OVER THE TROPICS This report presents an updated set of charts of time-averaged circulation in the middle and upper troposphere over the tropics. The analyses, on Mercator projection charts, cover the globe from 48°N to 48°S latitude, and are based upon the period January 1968 through August 1972, using rawinsonde observations and cloud motions observed by geostationary satellites. Interhemispheric flow and variations in the vertical wind structure were examined. The zonal (u) and meridional (v) wind components, speeds, and standard deviations of these variables, as well as steadiness factor and stream function, are analyzed for the 700- , 500- , 300- , 250- , and 200-mb levels. Time-averages for the 54-month record are computed for monthly, seasonal, and the annual periods . This report is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 003-017-00375-2). Additional upper air atlas type publications prepared during the past 20 years but no longer in print are: a. Upper Wind Statistics Charts of the Northern Hemisphere Volume I, 850-, 700-, and 500-millibar levels (August 1959) NAVAER 50-1C-535. Volume II, 300- , 200- , and 100-millibar levels (August 1959) NAVAER 50-1C-535. Volume III, 50-millibar level (March 1962) NAVWEPS 50-1C-535. b. Climate of the Upper Air, Southern Hemisphere (1) Volume I, Temperature, Dew Point, and Heights (September 1969) NAVAIR 50-1C-55. (2) Volume II, Zonal Geostrophic Winds (May 1971) NAVAIR 50-1C-56. (3) Volume III, Vector Mean Geostrophic Winds (May 1971) NAVAIR 50-1C-57. (4) Volume IV, Selected Meridional Cross Sections (June 1971) NAVAIR 50-1C-58. c. Components of the 1,000 Millibar Winds of the Northern Hemisphere (September 1966) NAVAIR 50-1C-51. d. Selected Level, Heights, Temperatures, and Dew Points of the Northern Hemisphere (January 1970) NAVAIR 50-1C-52. e. Selected Meridional Cross Sections of Heights, Temperatures, and Dew Points of the Northern Hemisphere (June 1971) NAVAIR 50-1C-59. -109- CEILING-VISIBILITY CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY AND SYSTEMS ENHANCEMENT FACTORS This 138 page publication was prepared for the Federal Aviation Adminis- tration (FAA) in 1975. The climatological data tables, based upon 24-hourly observations per day, present the seasonal and diurnal variability of various ceiling-visibility conditions and System Enhancement Factors for 271 airfields in the United States and Puerto Rico (Exhibit 123). The System Enhancement Factors are estimates of the percentage of time that instrument systems will be of assistance to aircraft on an instrument approach. The normal expectation is that: (a) VOR (Very-High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range) approaches permit landings to minimum ceiling/visibility conditions of 400 feet and/or one mile; (b) Category I - ILS (Instrument Landing Systems (with approach light) permits ceiling-visibility minima of 200 feet and/or one-half mile; and (c) Category II - ILS permits ceiling-visibility minima of 100 feet and/or 1/4 mile. Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. EXHIBIT 123 STATI0N#14734 NEWARK; NEW JERSEY PERIOD OF RECORD 1/48-12/66 HOUR NO. OF CEILING-V ISIBILITY CATEGORIES (X) SYSTEM ENHANCE IMENT Ft ACTORS GRQUP 0BS (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 VOR CAT1 CAT2 MIN* JAN ALL 14136 80.1 19.9 14.7 3.1 0.9 1.1 1 74.1 15.6 4.6 5.7 FEB ti 12888 80.1 19.9 15.1 3.3 0.6 0.9 1 75.9 16.5 3.2 4.4 MAR ii 14136 82.8 17.2 13.9 2.5 0.4 0.3 1 80.9 14.8 2.5 1.9 APR it 13678 83.8 16.2 14.0 1.4 0.3 0.5 1 86.3 8.8 1.9 2.9 MAY it 14135 83.0 17.0 14.4 1.9 0.4 0.3 1 84.5 11.4 2.4 1.7 JUN n 13680 85.2 14.8 13.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 1 87.8 9.0 1.7 1.5 JUL ii 14136 88.1 11.9 11.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 1 92.2 6.4 1.3 0.1 AUG it 14136 84.2 15.8 14.8 0.9 0.0 0.1 1 93.1 5.8 0.2 0.8 SEP ii 13668 84.4 15.6 14.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 1 90.4 7.8 1.0 0.8 OCT ii 14136 84.0 16.0 13.4 1.6 0.3 0.6 1 83.9 10.2 2.0 3.9 NOV ii 13680 82.9 17.1 14.2 2.1 0.4 0.5 1 83.0 12.1 2.2 2.7 DEC ii 14135 79.8 20.2 15.7 3.0 0.6 0*8 I 77.7 15.1 3.0 4.2 ANN 07-13 48573 78.5 21.5 17.9 2.8 0.5 0.4 1 82.9 12.9 2.3 1.9 14-21 55520 88.4 11.6 9.7 1.4 a. 3 0.2 1 83.3 12.4 2.6 1.8 22-06 62451 82.3 17.7 14.9 1.7 0.4 0.7 1 84.1 9.7 2.1 4.1 ALL 166544 63.2 16.8 14.0 1.9 0.4 0.5 1 83.5 11.5 2.3 2.7 CEILING VISIBILITY CONDITIONS (X OF TOTAL OBSERVATIONS) (1) i 1500 FEET AND 3 MILES (2) < 1500 FEET AND/OR 3 MILES (3) < 1500 FEET AND/OR 3 MlLES,BUT i 400 FEET AND 1 MILE (4) < 400 FEET AND/OR 1 MILE, BUT i 200 FEET AND 1/2 MILE (5) < 200 FEET AND/OR 1/2 MILE, BUT il00 FEET AND 1/4 MILE (6) < 100 FEET AND/OR 1/4 MILE SYSTEMS ENHANCEMENT FACTORS (CEILING VISIBILITY CONDITIONS) V0R«FREQ <3)/FREC(2) CAT1 ILS»FREQ(4)/FREQ{2) CAT2 ILS»FREQ(5)/FRE0(2) *BEL0W MINIMUMS»FREQ(6)/FREQ(2) -110- CLIMATES OF THE WORLD This publication updates similar data that appeared in CLIMATE AND MAN, the 1941 Yearbook of Agriculture. Published in 1969, it contains brief discussions of the principal features of the climate of all the continents. Worldwide temperatures and precipitation are illustrated by maps. Monthly and annual temperatures and precipitation, including extreme temperatures, are presented in tabular form for approximately 800 stations throughout the world (Exhibit 124). Data are provided for at least one location in each country throughout the world whenever possible. Cities in the larger countries such as Canada, the Soviet Union and the United States were selected to provide as complete a geographical coverage as possible. EXHIBIT 124 TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION DATA FOR REPRESENTATIVE WORLD-WIDE STATIONS TEMPERATURE AVERAGE PRECIPITATE 1 3 ! S X at S38 5 « AVERAGE DAILY EXTREME is is -J >■ >■ a. < 3 a B u ; X u 4 2 r s a < > < 2 z 3 E a 2 I ■ 2 u u o JANU ABY APRIL JULY OCTOBER 2 3 2 4 2 2 3 a z 2 S ! 1 t- ' > 1 ' COUNTRY AND STATION 2 3 | 2 2 z 2 3 1 3 ; i z 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 z 5 2 3 i 2 2 3 2 I YEAR YEAR TEAR ~^r i~V •" .N. IN. IN. 1 . IN. | IN. IN. IN. IN. Argentina: s oun \ AM ERIC A 1 | Bahia Blanca 33 88 62 71 51 57 39 71 48 109 18 46 1.7 2.2 2.5 2.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 ' 2.2 2.1 1.9 20.6 Buenos Aires 23 85 63 72 53 57 42 69 50 104 22 70 3.1 2.8 4.3 3.5 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.4 3.1 3.4 | 3.3 3.9 37.4 Cipolletti 9 89 56 72 40 55 29 72 43 107 9 24 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.9 1 0.5 0.5 6.4 Corrlentes 39 93 71 81 63 71 53 82 60 112 30 40 4.7 4.5 5. J 5.6 3.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.8 4.7 5.2 5.2 46.4 La Quiaca 23 70 41 69 32 60 16 71 32 95 25 3.5 2.6 1.8 0.3 * 0.0 * ! * 0.1 1 0.3 1.0 2.7 12.3 Mendoza 23 90 60 73 47 59 35 76 50 109 15 46 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 0.7 0.7 0.7 7.5 Parana 12 91 67 77 58 62 45 75 54 113 21 23 3.1 3.1 3.9 4.9 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.7 4.5 35.0 Puerto Madryn 50 81 57 70 46 55 36 68 45 104 10 50 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 7.0 Santa Cruz 12 70 48 57 39 41 28 58 39 94 1 20 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 5.3 Santiago del Estero 28 97 69 82 59 70 44 87 59 116 19 20 3.4 3.0 3.0 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.4 2.5 4.1 20.4 Ushuala 16 57 41 48 33 39 25 52 35 85-6 21 2.0 2.6 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.9 19.9 Bolivia: Concepcion 5 85 66 86 62 81 54 88 62 101 32 16 7.2 4.7 4.4 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.2 2.9 5.0 5.9 38.6 La Paz 31 63 43 65 40 62 33 66 40 80 26 50 4.5 4.2 2.6 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 ! 1.6 1.9 3.7 22.6 Sucre 5 63 48 63 45 61 37 65 46 88 25 52 7.3 4.9 3.7 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.6 2.6 4.3 27.8 Brazil: Barra do Corda 9 89 71 89 71 92 64 94 72 103 45 9 6.7 8.7 8.0 6.1 2.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.5 3.9 5.7 47.2 Bela Vista 13 91 67 85 61 77 49 87 61 108 20 20 6.6 4.9 4.4 4.3 5.0 2.8 1.3 1.8 2.9 ; 5.4 5.8 7.0 52.2 Belem 16 87 72 87 73 88 71 89 71 98 61 20 12.5 14.1 14.1 12.6 10.2 6.7 5.9 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.6 6.1 96.0 Brasilia 3 80 65 82 62 78 51 82 64 93 46 3 9.0 7.8 4.8 3.4 1.4 * 0.0 * 1.3 4.9 9.7 11.7 54.0 Conceicao do Araguaia 5 88 70 91 68 95 63 93 68 102 55 5 14.9 12.1 10.8 4.1 1.9 0.4 * 0.5 1.5 6.6 4.9 8.6 66.2 Corumba 8 94 73 92 73 84 64 93 70 106 33 11 7.3 5.9 5.1 4.6 2.9 1.9 0.3 1.2 2.6 4.0 5.6 7.1 48.5 Florianopolis 17 83 72 74 64 68 57 73 63 102 32 25 7.6 5.6 6.3 4.1 3.6 3.5 2.2 3.7 4.3 5.1 3.5 4.3 53.1 Colas 11 86 63 91 63 89 56 94 63 104 41 11 12.5 9.9 10.2 4.6 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.3 2.3 5.3 9.4 9.5 64.8 Guarapuava 10 79 61 73 55 66 47 74 53 94 23 5 8.7 5.8 5.4 4.5 4.6 6.5 2.7 3.6 4.6 6.9 6.6 6.1 65.8 Manaus 11 88 75 87 75 89 75 92 76 101 63 25 9.8 9.1 10.3 8.7 6.7 3.3 2.3 1.5 1.8 4.2 5.6 8.0 71.3 Natal 18 87 76 86 73 82 69 85 75 100 61 18 1.9 4.8 7.0 9.2 7.1 8.7 7.7 3.8 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.1 54.2 Parana 19 90 58 90 58 91 48 94 58 105 37 19 11.3 9.3 9.4 4.0 0.5 * 0.1 0.2 1.1 5.0 9.1 12.2 62.3 Porto Alegre 22 87 67 78 60 66 49 74 57 105 25 22 3.5 3.2 3.9 4.1 4.5 5.1 4.5 5.0 5.2 3.4 3.1 3.5 49.1 Quixeramoblm 9 92 79 86 76 88 74 93 77 100 63 13 0.7 5.0 6.6 5.0 7.0 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 29.6 Recife 27 86 77 85 75 80 71 84 75 94 50 56 2.1 3.3 6.3 8.7 10.5 10.9 10.0 6.0 2.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 63.4 Rio de Janeiro 38 84 73 80 69 75 63 77 66 102 46 84 4.9 4.8 5.1 4.2 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.7 2.6 3.1 4.1 5.4 42.6 Salvador (Bahia) 25 86 74 84 74 79 69 83 71 100 50 20 2.6 5.3 6.1 11.2 10.8 9.4 7.2 4.8 3.3 4.0 4.5 5.6 74.8 Santarem 22 86 73 85 73 87 71 91 73 99 65 22 6.8 10.9 13.2 12.9 11.3 6.9 4.1 1 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.3 4.1 77.9 Sao Paulo 44 77 63 73 59 66 53 68 57 100 32 24 8.8 7.8 6.0 2.2 3.0 2.4 1.5 I 2.1 3.5 4.6 6.0 9.4 57.3 Sena Madurelra 12 92 69 91 68 91 63 93 69 100 41 17 11.2 11.3 10.2 9.4 4.1 2.2 1.1 1.5 4.0 7.0 7.5 11.7 81.2 Uaupes 15 88 72 88 72 85 70 89 71 100 52 10 10.3 7.7 10.0 10.6 12.0 9.2 8.8 7.2 5.1 1 6.9 7.2 10.4 105.4 Urugualana 15 91 69 78 59 66 48 77 55 108 27 12 3.6 3.6 5.6 5.1 3.7 4.2 3.2 2.8 3.6 4.1 2.9 4.1 46.6 Chile: Ancud 30 62 51 57 47 50 42 55 45 82 30 46 3.1 3.7 5.3 7.4 9.9 11.0 10.3 9.4 6.5 4.2 4.7 4.6 80.1 Antofagasta 22 76 63 70 58 63 51 66 55 86 37 32 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * 0.1 0.2 0.1 * 0.1 * 0.0 0.5 Arlca 15 78 64 74 60 66 54 69 58 93 39 25 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 * * Cabo Raper 8 58 46 54 44 47 38 51 40 72 28 10 7.8 5.8 ,., 7.7 7.5 7.9 9.5 7.5 5.6 7.0 6.7 7.0 87.1 -111- CLIMATIC ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES This Atlas was published in June 1968. It depicts the climate of the United States in terms of the distribution and variation of constituent climatic elements. The climatic maps of the United States present in uniform format a series of analyses showing the national distribution of monthly and annual mean, normal and/or extreme values of temperature, precipitation, wind, barometric pressure, relative humidity, dewpoint, sunshine, sky cover, heating-degree days, solar radiation, and evaporation. The individual analyses were originally prepared as separate sheets. The entire set - a total of 40 large sheets (16" x 21 1/2") containing 271 climatic maps and 15 tables - has been collected and bound into this comprehensive atlas. Individual sheets are still available as separates. The following analyses or sheets are contained in the atlas : Normal Daily Maximum, Minimum, Average, Range and Extremes of Temperature (°F), Monthly Mean Number of Days Maximum Temperature 90°F and Above, Monthly and Annual Mean Number of Days Minimum Temperature 32 °F and Below, Monthly and Annual Mean Date of Last 32 °F Temperature in Spring Mean Date of First 32°F Temperature in Autumn Mean Length of Freeze-Free Period (Days) Mean Length of Period Between Specified Temperature Limits and Freeze Free Period, Annual Normal Total Heating Degree Days, Monthly and Annual Normal Total Precipitation (Inches), Monthly and Annual Mean Total Precipitation (Inches), by State Climatic Division, Monthly and Annual State Climatic Divisions Mean Annual Precipitation in Millions of Gallons of Water Per Square Mile by State Climatic Divisions Mean Annual Precipitation in Millions of Gallons of Water Per Capita by State Climatic Divisions Mean Total Snowfall (Inches) Mean Monthly Total Snowfall (Inches), for Selected Stations Mean Number of Days with 0.01 Inch or More of Precipitation, Monthly and Annual Mean Dewpoint Temperature (°F), Monthly and Annual Maximum Persisting 12-Hour 1000-mb Dewpoint Temperature (°F), Monthly and of Record Mean Relative Humidity (%), Monthly and Annual Mean Pan and Lake Evaporation Mean Percentage of Possible Sunshine, Monthly and Annual Mean Total Hours of Sunshine, Monthly and Annual * Mean Daily Solar Radiation, Monthly and Annual Mean Sky Cover, Sunrise to Sunset, Monthly and Annual Prevailing Direction, Mean Speed (M.P.H.), and Fastest Mile of Wind, Monthly and Annual -112- Surface Wind Roses, Monthly and Annual; Resultant Surface Winds, Midseasonal Normal Sea-Level Pressures, Monthly and Annual * Data upon which these charts are based are questionable; charts should be used with caution. -113- ENGINEERING WEATHER DATA MANUAL This manual was prepared by the Department of Defense primarily to provide military engineers with uniform engineering weather data for worldwide locations. The majority of sites listed are located at military installations. The statistical data are presented in six (6) chapters as follows: Chapter I - Winter Design Data for Heating, and Summer Design and Criteria Data for Air Conditioning for Sites in the United States; and Chapter II - For Sites Outside the United States (Exhibit 125) a. Winter Design Data-Heating . Data presented are the dry-bulb temperatures that are equalled or exceeded 99% and 97.5% of the time, on the average, during the months of December, January, and February. Also included are data on the prevailing (Pvlg) wind direction, and the average wind speed that occurs coincidentally with the 97.5% dry-bulb winter design temperature. b. Degree Days-Heating . Data presented are the mean annual number of degree days, using a base of 65°F, for the period 1965 through 1974, or where available, the 30-year "normal" period, 1941 through 1970 inclusive. c. Summer Design Data-Air Conditioning . Data presented are the dry- bulb and wet-bulb temperatures (°F) that are equalled or exceeded 1%, 2.5%, and 5% of the time, on the average, during the months of June, July, August, and September. The Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb temperatures (MCWB) listed with the 1%, 2.5%, and 5% dry-bulb summer design temperatures are the averages of those wet-bulb temperatures which occur coincidentally with the respective dry-bulb summer design temperatures. The mean daily range (difference between daily maximum and daily minimum temperature) is the average of all daily dry-bulb temperature ranges for days on which the 2.5% dry-bulb summer design temperature is reached or exceeded. The prevailing (Pvlg) wind direction is the wind direction occurring most frequently with the 2.5% dry-bulb summer design temperature. d. Summer Criteria Data- Air Conditioning . Data presented are the number of hours, on the average, that the dry-bulb temperatures of 93 °F and 80 °F and the wet-bulb temperature of 73 °F and 67 °F are equalled or exceeded during the months of May through October. Chapter III - Data for Use in Calculating Energy Consumption Estimates for Sites in the United States; and Chapter IV - For Sites Outside the United States (Exhibit 126). The data, based upon 24-hourly observations per day for at least a five year period, are the monthly mean frequencies of dry-bulb temperatures, by 5-degree intervals, for three hour groups and for all hours. The Mean Coincident Wet-Bulb (MCWB) temperature shown is the mean of all the wet-bulb temperatures that were observed coincidentally with the dry-bulb temperatures in that particular 5-degree interval. Chapter V - Cooling Degree Day Data for Sites in the United States; and Chapter VI - For Sites Outside the United States. The data presented are the mean annual cooling-degree day totals, using a base of 65°F, for the period 1965 through 1974, inclusive, or where available, the 30-year "normal" period 1941-70, inclusive. -114- This manual is available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The stock number is GPO 008-070-0042-8. EXHIBIT 125 WINTER DESIGN DIM HEATINS DECREE MIS Heatmi SUMMER OESICR DAT* »IR C0NDITI0NIN6 SUMMER CRITERIt Oil* III COROITIORIRt* suit LOCATION Dry Bulb Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Dry Bulb Wtt Bulb Station Lit Loot [*Y Nl Mem 99% 9? 5% Wind SpMd IXMCW Mat Duly M| 2 iX MCWB Rinff Wind i\ MOM 1% 2.5% i% i 93f - lOf 2 m - itt l«t f *f dn hnols annual f f f f f dn f f f f f hri hll hfj BIJ IUIIMI Alabama Ordnance works Anniston Army Depot Birmingham MAP Brookley AFB/Mobile Craig AFB/Selma N 33 20 W 86 21 430 19 23 SW 5 2806 97 77 94 76 25 SW 92 76 79 78 78 33 37 85 58 765 18 22 SW 5 2806 97 77 94 76 25 SW 92 7ft 79 78 78 33 34 86 45 620 17 21 NNW 8 2844 96 74 94 75 23 WNW 92 74 78 77 76 30 38 88 04 26 26 29 N 8 1750 94 77 92 78 18 S 90 77 81 80 79 32 20 86 59 166 22 26 NNW 7 2155 97 78 95 77 21 WNW 93 77 81 80 79 140 1251 1145 2620 140 1251 1145 2620 116 1380 1033 2696 61 1697 2249 3505 196 1657 1821 3229 EXHIBIT 126 LANGLEY AFB/HAMPTON VIRGINIA LAT 37 05N LONG 76 21W ELEV 10 FT MEAN FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF ORy BULB TEMPERATURE (DECREES F| WITH MEAN COINCIDENT WET BULB TEMPERATURE (DECREES F) FOR EACH DRY BULB TEMPERATURE RAKE MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER Teatxn- ture »ngt Obsn Hour ( p Total Obsn n c w Obsn Hour cp Total Obsn R C M 1 Obsn Hour Cp Total Obsn R C V Obsn Hour Cp Total Obsn R C M Obsn Hour Cp Total Obtn c Obsn Hour Cp Total Obsn • c 01 09 17 01 09 17 01 09 17 01 09 17 01 09 17 01 09 17 ■ to to to to to to to to to ■ to to to 8 to to to t to to • on 16 24 OS 16 24 °S_j 16 24 PJ 16 24 08 16 24 oa 95/99 76 2 2 78 3 3 78 7 n 1 79 90/94 2 2 74 15 3 18 77 23 4 27 77 17 3 20 78 1 3 77 85/89 U J 16 71 1 39 IS 55 75 56 19 75 76 49 14 63 76 24 1 77 7S 2 2 73 71 80/84 32 10 42 69 s 55 33 93 73 12 81 52 145 74 11 83 44 138 74 1 49 17 67 73 7 1 75/79 3 40 25 68 67 33 58 52 143 70 92 62 93 247 72 82 65 94 241 7? 28 6S 51 144 71 2 20 8 26 69 (6 70/74 JO 49 44 123 65 87 45 70 202 68 101 21 66 188 69 97 28 69 194 69 71 52 66 189 6(1 12 57 21 85 65/69 60/64 55/59 5/ 57 51 46 41 18 50 53 39 15J 151 108 61 57 53 64 32 13 19 45 7 18 1 3 128 57 17 63 59 55 33 8 2 2 13 2 48 10 2 65 60 56 41 12 4 4 19 4 1 64 16 5 64 60 SS 51 45 26 30 IS 2 54 33 12 142 93 40 63 58 54 35 59 44 62 SO 34 S3 58 46 ISO 167 124 62 58 52 50/54 45/49 40/44 35/39 33 11 5 1 6 1 19 4 1 58 16 6 1 49 45 40 36 3 1 1 4 1 SO 46 43 1 1 51 9 2 4 1 13 3 SO 46 43 40 31 16 14 S 1 35 17 8 89 S3 2S 48 44 39 30/34 9 1 2 11 1 35 30 25/29 26 -115- HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY SERIES The publications in this series provide climatological data for selected stations with long records that are located in distinctly nonurban environments. Each publication contains a narrative summary on the history of the station and pertinent topographic maps of the surrounding area. Tabular data presented are as serially complete as possible and include sequential tables of monthly and annual mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, highest temperature, lowest temperature, total precipitation, and total snowfall; seasonal values of mean temperature, total precipitation, and total snowfall with supplemental graphs; and dates of last freeze (temperature 32 degrees Fahrenheit or less) in spring and first freeze in fall. Some publications may include summaries of quasi-climatological data that are unique to the particular area, e.g., dates of lake surface freezing and ice disappearance. Publications available in this series as of August 1979 are: 1. A Long Record of Weather Observations at Cooper stown, New York, 1854-1977. 2. Ninety-one Years of Weather Records at Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 1887-1977. -116- INPUT DATA FOR SOLAR SYSTEMS This special report was prepared in 1978 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data and Information Service, National Climatic Center for the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Solar Technology. The tables (Exhibit 127) presented in this report are by-products of efforts to provide taped meteorological and solar radiation data as inputs to requester's energy design and performance programs. Tabular values are climatological means for 248 U.S. stations. The monthly and annual normals of maximum, minimum, and average tempera- tures, and of heating- and cooling-degree days, were extracted from CLIMATOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES NO. 81 (BY STATE) and the 1977 issues of LOCAL CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, ANNUAL SUMMARY WITH COMPARATIVE DATA. Zeros that appear for all values in a normals column indicate that the 1941 through 1970 period normals were not available for the station. A total of 43 stations have at least two normals columns filled with zeros and 16 have no normals data at all. Average daily values of total hemispheric (global) solar radiation on a horizontal surface were based on corrected (rehabilitated) hourly measurements for 26 stations and derived values from the corrected measurements for the remaining 222 stations. The 26 rehabilitated data stations are identified. Most of the average values are based on a 24-25 year period. SOLMET MANUALS VOLUME 1 USER'S MANUAL and VOLUME 2 - FINAL REPORT list the exact period as well as providing information on the rehabilitation of hourly solar radiation data. Average daily values for 14 stations were computed from a composite period of record where the station occupied two different nearby locations. For all cases, tables list the station name, number, and coordinates of the last location. EXHIBIT 127 STATION: CHARLOTTE STATE: NC STATION NUMBER: 138S1 LATITUDE: 3513N LONGITUDE: S056W ELEVATION: 234 NORMAL TEMPERATURE ( DEG F)* NORMAL DEGREE DAYS* TOTAL HEMISPHERIC MEAN DAILY SOLAR RADIATION* DAILY DAILY BASE 65 DEG F MONTH MAXIMUM MINIMUM MONTHLY HEATING COOLING JAN 52.1 32. 1 FEB 54.9 33. 1 MAR 62.2 39 . APR- 72.7 4S.9 MAY 80.2 57.4 JUN 86.4 65.3 JUL 88.3 68.7 AUG 87.4 67.9 SEP 82.0 61.9 OCT 73. 1 50.3 NOV 62.4 39 . 6 DEC ^i 5 *?. 32. 4 ANN 71.2 49.7 42. 1 44.0 50.6 60.8 68.8 75.9 73.5 77.7 72.0 61.7 51.0 42.5 60.5 710 588 461 145 34 10 152 420 698 32 1 8 15 19 152 327 419 394 220 50 1 596 BTU/FT2 KJ/M2 LANGLEYS 719.0 S 1 60 . 1 95 . 971.0 1 1020. 263.4 1317.5 14952.0 357.4 1 695 . 19236.0 459.8 1855.6 21059.0 503.3 1921. 1 21802.0 521. 1 1 330 . 9 20779.0 496.6 1695.0 19236.0 459.8 1415.6 16065.0 334.0 1173.4 13317.0 318.3 865.5 9823. 234 . 8 672.4 7631.0 182.4 1344.4 15257.0 364.7 * BASED ON 1941-1970 PERIOD # AS NOTED IN SOLMET VOLUME 1 -117- NOAA ATLAS 2, PRECIPITATION-FREQUENCY ATLAS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES This atlas, published in looseleaf form in 1973, contains eleven volumes, one volume for each of the western states. All maps are prepared on the same 1:2,000,000 scale. It is based upon all of the previous work on precipitation- frequency studies and presents the precipitation-frequency regime in more detail and with greater accuracy. This atlas supersedes the information for the western states contained in Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 40 that was published in 1961. Each volume is organized in three parts as follows: 1. The first part discusses the historical background, procedures, and methods used in preparing the maps' and how to interpret them. 2. The second part discusses ideas that are applicable only to the particular state considered in the volume. Included in this part are methods (nomograms and equations) useful for estimating precipitation-frequency values for durations other than 6 or 24 hours, e.g., 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-minutes or 1-, 2-, 3-, and 12- hours. 3. The third part contains maps for the 6- and 24-hour durations for return periods of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-years. Copies of this atlas are available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The volume number and GPO Stock Number for each state are shown below: Volume No . State GPO Stock No. Volume No. State GPO Stock No. I Montana 0317-00155 VII Nevada 0317-00161 II Wyoming 0317-00156 VIII Arizona 0317-00162 III Colorado 0317-00157 IX Washington 0317-00163 IV New Mexico 0317-00158 X Oregon 0317-00164 V Idaho 0317-00159 XI California 0317-00165 VI Utah 0317-00160 -118- NOAA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NWS HYDRO-35; 5- to 60-MINUTE PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY FOR THE EASTERN AND CENTRAL UNITED STATES This report, published in June 1977, was in 1979 the latest in the precipitation-frequency literature for the United States that began in the 1930' s when David L. Yarnell (1935) first published generalized precipitation-frequency maps for durations of 5 minutes to 24 hours at return periods of 2- to 100-years . Since 1961, the U.S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper Number 40 (Hershfield 1961) has been the standard for precipitation-frequency values for durations from 5 minutes to 24 hours. For durations of less than 1 hour, the Technical Paper Number 40 values are derived by using nationwide, return-period independent ratios of shorter duration values to 1-hour values. While these average ratios are valid in many specific sections of the country, they do have observed, describable geographic patterns; they also vary with return-period. The present publication analyzes the above variations and derives new 5- to 60-minute precipitation frequency for the 37 states, North Dakota to Texas and eastward. Precipitation-frequency values for durations of 5-, 15-, and 60-minutes at return periods of 2- and 100-years are presented in map form for the 37 states from North Dakota to Texas and eastward. Equations are given to derive 10- and 30-minute values from the maps. Equations are also given to compute values for selected return periods between 2- and 100-years. This report supersedes U.S. Weather Bureau Technical Paper Number 40 for the Central and Eastern United States for the computation of precipitation-frequency for time period values of one hour or less. This report is available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; the NTIS order number is PB 272 112/AS. •119- SELECTED CLIMATIC MAPS OF THE UNITED STATES This special publication is a collection of 8" x 10 1/2" charts which are reprints of selected 16" x 21 1/2" sheets from the CLIMATIC ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES. The maps included in this publication present isopleths of the following: 90 °F and Above, Western United Eastern United Normal Daily Maximum Temperature (°F), January Normal Daily Minimum Temperature (°F), January Normal Daily Maximum Temperature (°F), July Normal Daily Minimum Temperature (°F), July Mean Annual Number of Days Maximum Temperature Except 70°F and Above in Alaska Mean Annual Number of Days Minimum Temperature 32 °F and Below Mean Annual Total Heating Degree Days (Base 65°F) Mean Annual Total Cooling Degree Days (Base 65°F) Mean Date of Last 32°F Temperature in Spring Mean Date of First 32 °F Temperature in Autumn Mean Length of Freeze-Free Period (Days) Normal Annual Total Precipitation (Inches) Normal Monthly Total Precipitation (Inches) States — For Selected Stations Normal Monthly Total Precipitation (Inches) States — For Selected Stations Mean Annual Number of Days with 0.01 Inch or More of Precipitation Mean Annual Number of Days with Thunderstorms Mean Annual Total Snowfall (Inches) Mean Relative Humidity (%), January Mean Relative Humidity (%), July Mean Annual Relative Humidity (%) Mean Monthly Percentage of Possible Sunshine, January Mean Monthly Percentage of Possible Sunshine, July Mean Annual Percentage of Possible Sunshine Mean Annual Total Hours of Sunshine * Mean Daily Solar Radiation (Langleys), January * Mean Daily Solar Radiation (Langleys), July Surface Wind Roses, January Surface Wind Roses, July Surface Wind Roses, Annual * Data upon which these charts are based are questionable; charts should be used with caution. -120- STATE, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURES WEIGHTED BY AREA (JANUARY 1931 - DECEMBER 1977) STATE, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION WEIGHTED BY AREA (JANUARY 1931 - DECEMBER 197TT STATE, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MONTHLY AND SEASONAL HEATING DEGREE DAYS WEIGHTED BY POPULATION (JULY 1931 - JUNE 1978) STATE, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL MONTHLY AND SEASONAL COOLING DEGREE DAYS WEIGHTED BY POPULATION (JANUARY 1931 - DECEMBER 1977) These four publications, all issued in the same general format, are based upon data from the 48 conterminous States; the District of Columbia is treated as a part of Maryland. They present serially complete sequential tables of the monthly and annual values. The State temperature and precipitation data were derived from the monthly climatological division averages for that State, weighted by the proportion of the area of that division to the total area of the State. The boundaries of the divisions are drawn to represent, as nearly as possible, homogeneous climatic regimes. The number of divisions in a State varies from as few as one in Rhode Island to as many as 10 in seven States. Regional data are presented for each of the nine regions defined by the Bureau of the Census; the values are derived from the State data, weighted by the proportion of the area of the State to the total area of the region. The National data were derived from the regional averages, weighted by the proportion of the area of the region to the total area of the 48 conterminous States. The heating-degree day and cooling-degee day data are calculated using a base temperature of 65°F. The state regional and national values are derived using the same geographic areas as those used for the temperature and precipi- tation values. The weighting, however, is done by population, based upon the 1970 Census, in the areas rather than by the sizes of the geographic areas. The seasonal totals for heating-degree days are the totals for the months July through June; seasonal totals for cooling-degree days are the totals for the months January through December. Updated versions of each publication are published periodically - approxi- mately every two years. However, the basic data for heating- and cooling-degree days are compiled for each State on a monthly basis. These monthly compilations include values for the current season to date, data for the previous season, and the accumulated seasonal totals with their departures from normal. The monthly data are not published but copies of these compilations may be secured from the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801 for the cost of reproduction. -121- U. S. AIR FORCE CLIMATIC BRIEF This one page climatological summary, prepared by the U.S. Air Force Air Weather Service, is available for more than 400 Air Force Bases throughout the world. The tables of means and extremes and flying-weather statistics are in the same format as those in the U.S. Navy Station Climatic Summary (Exhibits 128 and 129). The monthly and annual flying-weather percent frequencies are presented by 3-hour groups (00-02, 03-05, ...., 21-23 LST) and for all hours for four categories that differ somewhat from those in the Navy publication. The flying- weather categories are: (1) ceiling less than 3,000 ft. and/or visibility less than 3 miles; (2) ceiling less than 1,500 ft. and/or visibility less than 3 miles; (3) ceiling less than 1,000 ft. and/or visibility less than 2 miles; and (4) ceiling less than 200 ft. and/or visibility less than 1/2 mile. The CLIMATIC BRIEF does not contain a narrative description of the climate of the area, sequential tables of monthly and annual values of temperature, precipitation, and degree days, or a station location and instrument location history table. This publication is printed in limited quantity. A list of stations for which it has been prepared and copies of the summaries can be furnished by the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801 for the cost of reproduction. -122- U.S. NAVY STATION CLIMATIC SUMMARY This 4-page climatological summary is published by the U.S. Naval Oceanography Command for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Air Stations throughout the world. They are revised, updated, and reprinted periodically. The latest issue was printed in 1979 and summarizes the observed meteorological data available at each station through 1977 for 61 stations. Each publication presents a means and extremes table for selected meteorological elements (Exhibit 128); a table of percentage frequencies for selected flying-weather conditions (Exhibit 129); and sequential tables of monthly and annual values of mean temperature, total precipitation, total heating-degree days, and total cooling-degree days (Exhibit 130). Also included in each publication are a narrative description of the climate of the area around the station and a table showing the station location and instrument history. The stations for which the 1979 series was prepared are listed below. Copies of these publications may be secured from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Adak, Alaska Agana , Guam Alameda, California Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland Barbers Point, Hawaii Beaufort, South Carolina Bermuda Brunswick, Maine Camp Pendleton, California Cecil Field, Florida Charleston, South Carolina Chase Field, Texas Cherry Point, North Carolina China Lake, California Corpus Christi, Texas Cubi Point, Philippines Dallas, Texas Diego Garcia El Toro, California Fallon, Nevada Futenma, Okinawa Glenview, Illinois Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Imperial Beach, California Iwakuni, Japan Jacksonville, Florida Kadena, Okinawa Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii Keflavik, Iceland Key West, Florida Kingsville, Texas Lakehurst, New Jersey Lemoore, California Mayport, Florida McMurdo , Antarctica Memphis, Tennessee Meridian, Mississippi Midway Island Miramar, California Moffett Field, California New Orleans, Louisiana New River, North Carolina Norfolk, Virginia Oceana, Virginia Patuxent River, Maryland Pensacola, Florida Point Mugu, California Quantico, Virginia Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico Rota, Spain San Clemente Island, California San Diego, California San Nicolas Island, California Santa Ana, California Souda Bay, Crete South Weymouth, Massachusetts Whidbey Island, Washington Whiting Field, Florida Willow Grove, Pennsylvania Yokosuka, Japan Yuma, Arizona EXHIBIT 128 EXHIBIT 129 •• «\-J»000000000»-^0 U. 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The purpose of FGGE was to observe the atmosphere over the entire earth and the sea surface in detail for the first time. The build-up and testing period was December 1977 through November 1978; the Global Observation phase was December 1978 through November 1979. Nearly all the data described in this catalogue are on magnetic tape only. The basic catalogue was issued September 1978; Supplements will be issued at three-month intervals as long as appropriate. Copies of this catalogue, including Supplements, may be obtained from the WDC-A for Meteorology at the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. GATE DATA CATALOGUE This catalogue provides information on the meteorological (surface and upper air) and oceanographic (sub-surface) data transferred to the World Data Center-A (WDC-A) for Meteorology in the United States from the officially designated National Processing Centers and the international Subprogram Data Centers. GATE was the first international experiment of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP). The data described in this catalogue were collected over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and adjacent land areas during the period June 17 through September 23, 1974. The name GATE comes from Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment. This catalogue will be updated and expanded by Supplements as additional data are received. Copies of this catalogue, including Supplements, may be obtained from the WDC-A for Meteorology at the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. GUIDE TO STANDARD WEATHER SUMMARIES AND CLIMATIC SERVICES This U.S. Naval Oceanography Command publication, NAVAIR 50-1C-534, provides descriptions and examples of 22 selected surface and upper air published and unpublished climatological data summaries and a list of stations throughout the world for which one or more of these summaries are available. The number of years of record upon which each summary is based is shown (Exhibit 133) . This publication is revised and updated periodically. Copies of the latest issue, January 1978, may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U. S. Deparment of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal, Springfield, VA 22161. The NTIS Order Number is AD-A047 482. EXHIBIT 133 NAVAIR 50-1C-534 137 INDEX OF HISTORICAL SURFACE WEATHER RECORDS FOR (STATE) This is a series of indexes, planned to be prepared for each State, to present a synthesis of station histories and related information from a variety of published and unpublished sources. Stations included in these indexes are selected on the basis of the existence of recorded data over a period of at least 5 years (not necessarily continuous) during the 1800s. Exceptions are made if the records began after 1895 but are continuous without interruption up to the year of index preparation. The following information is given for each station: name and index number, geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude), period of available record, ground elevation, type of instruments used, time(s) of observation, known sources of published data, and any pertinent remarks that might aid in the interpretation of the recorded data. Also included are stationlocation maps for each decade of the 19th Century, an index of stations with 80 or more years of record, and a listing of stations for which the monthly means of maximum, minimum and average temperatures and monthly total precipitation amounts are available on magnetic tape for the period of record through 1930. New York was the first state for which this index was published. Similar indexes will be published for additional states as time and funds permit. Copies of existing publications in this series may be obtained from the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. INDEX OF ORIGINAL SURFACE WEATHER RECORDS (Hourly, Synoptic and Autographic) Indexes have been prepared for each of the 50 states, for the Pacific Islands, and for Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands combined (information for the District of Columbia is included in the Maryland index). They present for each State or area a listing of the hourly aviation, synoptic, supplementary airways, and similar observations that are available in manuscript form for each of the 52 States or areas. Information about records similar to the cooperative climatological station°s daily observations and those filed by the National Archives is not included in these indexes. The indexes are presented in four ways: alphabetic by station, by year, by elevation, and by latitude (Exhibits 134, 135, 136, and 137). Information is included about unusual records and autographic charts. These indexes are updated periodically. Copies of these indexes may be obtained from the National Climatic Center, Federal Building, Asheville, NC 28801. •138- EXHIBIT 134 NRME RECORDS INDEX ALPHABETIC BY STATION NAME IOWA TYPE YEAR A 1929 CAP 1930 CAA 1931 Cftfi 1932 CAR 1933 CAA 1934 CAA 1935 CAA 1936 CAA 1937 CAA 1938 Cftft 1939 CAA 1940 LRT. LONG. HOURLY RECORDS BY MONTH I = 24 06S PER DAY ELEV. JFHRMJJRSOND NUMBER OF MONTHS IN YERR WITH 2>