CSf f 2' Su. / PB-270 575 Subject Classification (PAST AND PRESENT) National Technical Information Service U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE -^ I AUG131982 January 1978 AN DATA BASE REFERENCE AID January 19 81 Insert for PB-270 575 NTIS Subject Classification (Past and Present) Changes to NTIS Subject Categories This insert was prepared to show changes to NTIS categories since the original publication was prepared in September 1977. The attached list shows these changes and should prove helpful until the next edition is available in 19 81. The following categories and subcategories have had their titles changed to better reflect the scope of the reports being coded in them. The changes occurred in categories: 44, 44K, 44P, 44U 81 Other changes involve the merging of the following subcategories 72A, B, C, D 81E, F, G, H, K, L One completely new category was added: 70G Productivity Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/ntissubjectclassOOunit NTIS SUBJECT CATEGORIES MAY 1980 43. PROBLEM SOLVING INFORMATION FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS A. Finance B. Economic and community development C. Human resources D. Police, fire, and emergency services E. Energy F. Environment G. Transportation 0. General 44. 45. 46. 48. 47. HEALTH PLANNING AND HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH A. Planning methodology B. Agency administrative and financial management C. Community and population characteristics D. Health care assessment and quality assurance E. Health care measurement methodology F. Health care forecasting methodology G. Environmental and occupational factors H. Health care technology J. Health delivery plans, projects. and studies K. Health services L. Health care needs and demands M. Health resources N. Health care utilization P. Health education and manpower training Q. Health-related costs R. Economics and sociology S. Legislation and regulations T. Data and information systems U. Health care delivery organization and management 0. General COMMUNICATION A. Policies, regulations, and studies B. Radio and television equipment C. Common carrier and satellite D. Sociopolitical E. Graphics F. Verbal G. Communication and information theory 0. General PHYSICS A. Acoustics B. Fluid mechanics C. Optics and lasers D. Solid state physics E. Structural mechanics G. Plasma physics H. Radiofrequency waves 0. General OCEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING A. Marine engineering B. Dynamic oceanography C. Physical and chemical oceanography D. Biological oceanography E. Marine geophysics and geology 49. 50. 51. 54. 55. F. Oceanographic vessels, instruments, and platforms G. Hydrography H. Underwater construction and habitats 0. General NATURAL RESOURCES AND EARTH SCIENCES A. Mineral industries B. Natural resource management C. Natural resource surveys D. Forestry E. Soil sciences F. Geology and geophysics G. Hydrology and limnology H. Snow, ice, and permafrost 1. Cartography 0. General ELECTROTECHNOLOGY A. Antennas B. Circuits C. Electromechanical devices D. Electron tubes E. Optoelectronic devices and systems F. Power and signal transmission devices G. Resistive, capacitive, and inductive components H. Semiconductor devices 0. General CIVIL ENGINEERING A. Highway engineering B. Civil engineering C. Construction equipment, materials, and supplies D. Soil and rock mechanics 0. General AERONAUTICS AND AERODYNAMICS A. Aerodynamics B. Aeronautics C. Aircraft D. Parachutes and decelerators E. Avionics F. Test facilities and equipment 0. General ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS A. Astrogeology B. Astronomy and celestial mechanics C. Astrophysics D. Cosmic ray research 0. General ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES A. Aeronomy B. Dynamic meteorology C. Meteorological data collection, analysis, and weather forecasting D. Meteorological instruments and instrument platforms E. Physical meteorology Changes since ]977 F. Weather modification 0. General 57. MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A. Anatomy B. Biochemistry C. Botany D. Clinical chemistry E. Clinical medicine F. Cytology, genetics, and molecular biology G. Dentistry H. Ecology 1. Electrophysiology J. Immunology K. Microbiology L. Nutrition M. Occupational therapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation N. Parasitology 0. Pathology P. Pest control Q. Pharmacology and phamacological chemistry R. Psychophysiology S. Physiology T. Psychiatry U. Public health and industrial medicine V. Radiobiology W. Stress physiology X. Surgery Y. Toxicology Z. Zoology 0. General 70. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT A. Inventory control B. Management practice C. Management information systems D. Personnel management, labor relations, and manpower studies E. Research program administration and technology transfer F. Public administration and government * G. Productivity 0. General 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES A. Ablative materials and ablation B. Adhesives and sealant C. Carbon and graphite D. Ceramics, refractories, and glass E. Coatings, colorants, and finishes F. Composite materials G. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition H. Elastomers I. Fibers and textiles J. Iron and iron alloys K. Lubricants and hydraulic fluids L. Materials degradation and fouling M. Miscellaneous materials N. Nonferrous metals and alloys 0. Plastics P. Refractory metals and alloys Q. Solvents, cleaners, and abrasives R. Wood and paper products 0. General 62. COMPUTERS, CONTROL, AND INFORMATION THEORY A. Computer hardware B. Computer software C. Control systems and control theory D. Information procesr'ng standards E. Information theory F. Pattern recognition and image processing 0. General 63. DETECTION AND COUNTERMEASURES A. Acoustic detection B. Electromagnetic and acoustic countermeasures C. Infrared and ultraviolet detection D. Magnetic detection E. Nuclear explosion detection F. Optical detection G. Personnel detection H Radiofrequency detection I Seismic detection General 68. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL A. Air pollution and control B. Noise pollution and control C. Solid wastes pollution and control D. Water pollution and control E. Pesticides pollution ano control F. Radiation pollution and control G Environmenta' healtn ana safety H Enviromental impact statements 0. General 72. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES * B. Algebra, analysis, geometry, and mathematical logic E. Operations research F. Statistical analysis 0. General 74. 75. MILITARY SCIENCES A. Antiaircraft defense systems Antimissile defense systems Antisubmarine warfare Chemical, biological, and radiological warfare Logistics, military facilities, and supplies Military intelligence Military operations, strategy, and tactics Nuclear warfare Passive defense systems General B. C. D. F. G. H. MISSILE TECHNOLOGY A. Air and space-launched missiles B. Missile guidance and control systems C. Missile launching and support systems D. Missile tracking systems E. Missile trajectories and reentry dynamics F. Missile warheads and fuses G. Surface-launched missiles H. Underwater-launched missiles 0. Genera! 76. NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL A. Control devices and equipment B. Guidance systems C. Navigation and guidance system components D. Navigation systems 0. General 77. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A. Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) B. Isotopes C. Nuclear auxiliary power systems D. Nuclear explosions and devices E. Nuclear instrumentation F. Radiation shielding, protection, and safety G. Radioactive wastes and radioactivity H. Reactor engineering and nuclear power plants I. Reactor fuels and fuel processing J. Reactor materials K. Reactor physics 0. General 85. 79. 81. 82. 84. 88. ORDNANCE A. Ammunition, explosives, and pyrotechnics B. Armor C. Bombs D. Combat vehicles E. Detonations, explosion effects, and ballistics F. Fire control and bombing systems G. Guns H. Rockets 1. Underwater ordnance 0. General 90. COMBUSTION, ENGINES, AND PROPELLANTS A. Combustion and ignition B. Electric and ion propulsion C. Fuel and propellant tanks D. Jet and gas turbine engines G. Rocket engines and motors H. Rocket propellants I. Nuclear propulsion J. Reciprocating and rotating combustion engines 0. General PHOTOGRAPHY AND RECORDING DEVICES A. Holography B. Photographic techniques and equipment C. Recording devices 0. General SPACE TECHNOLOGY A. Astronautics B. Extraterrestrial exploration C. Manned spacecraft 0, Spacecraft trajectories and flight mechanics Soace launch vehicles and support equipmem F. Space satetv G Unmanned spacecraft Gene r a' 91. 92. TRANSPORTATION A. Air transportation Metropolitan rail transportation Transportation safety Pipeline transportation Global navigation systems Marine and waterway transportation Road transportation Railroad transportation General C. D. E. F. G. H. I. 0. LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES A. Operations and planning B. Information systems C. Marketing and user services D. Personnel E. Reference materials 0. General 89. BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY B. Architectural design and environmental engineering C. Construction management and techniques D. Structural analyses E. Building standards and codes G. Construction materials, components. and equipment H. Building equipment, furnishings, and maintenance 0. General GOVERNMENT INVENTIONS FOR LICENSING A. Mechanical devices and equipment B. Chemistry C. Nuclear technology D. Biology and medicine E. Metallurgy F. Electrotechnology G. Instruments H. Optics and lasers I. Ordnance J. Food technology 0. General URBAN AND REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT A. Environmental management and planning B. Transportation and traffic planning C. Fire services, law enforcement, and criminal justice D. Communications E. Housing F. Health services G. Urban administration and planning H. Regional administration and planning 1. Emergency services and planning J. Economic studies K. Social services L. Recreation 0. General BEHAVIOR AND SOCIETY A. Job training and career development B Psychology C. Social concerns D Education law and humanities E International relations 0. General 93. 94. 95. 96. NASA EARTH RESOURCES SURVEY PROGRAM A. Significant results Insignificant results 97. ENERGY B. C. 0. Insignificant results (Less than 5 pages) General INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. 0. Production planning and process controls Quality control and reliability Plant design and maintenance Job environment Environmental engineering Tooling, machinery, and tools Manufacturing processes and materials handling Industrial safety engineering Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment Nondestructive testing General BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING A. Prosthetics and mechanical organs B. Tissue preservation and storage C. Biomedical instrumentation and bioengineering D. Human factors engineering E. Life support systems F. Bionics and artificial intelligence 0. General BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS A. Domestic commerce, marketing, and economics C. International commerce, marketing, and economics D. Consumer affairs E. Minority enterprises F. Banking and finance G. Foreign industry development and economics 0. General A. Reserves B. Energy use, supply, and demand E. Electric power transmission F. Fuel conversion processes G. Policies, regulations, and studies I. Electric power production J. Heating and cooling systems K. Fuels L. Engine studies (Energy related) M. Batteries and components N. Solar energy 0. Miscellanous energy conversion and storage P. Geothermal energy Q. Selected studies in nuclear technology R. Environmental studies 0. General 98. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD A. Agricultural chemistry B. Agricultural economics C. Agricultural equipment, facilities, and operations D. Agronomy, horticulture, and plant pathology E. Animal husbandry and veterinary medicine F. Fisheries and aquaculture G. Agricultural resource surveys H. Food technology 0. General 99. CHEMISTRY A. Analytical chemistry B. Industrial chemistry and chemical process engineering C. Polymer chemistry D. Basic and synthetic chemistry E. Photo and radiation chemistry F. Physical and theoretical chemistry 0. General CONTENTS Introduction iv COSATI subject categories 1 NTIS subject categories (1974-present) 5 NTIS subject categories (1970-1973) 17 Scope notes to the NTIS subject categories 27 Conversion table of COSATI to NTIS subject categories 86 Index to the current NTIS categories 88 -i- 3027? -IQ1 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NO. NTIS/SR-77/04 2. PB 270 575 4. Title and Subtitle NTIS Subject Classification (Past and Present) 7. Author(s) 5. Report Date September 1977 6. 8. Performing Organization Rept. No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Information Analysis Branch National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No. (C) (G) 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address National Technical Information Service U.S. Department of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 13. Type of Report & Period Covered 14. 15. Supplementary Notes Supersedes NTIS/SR-77/02 and NTIS/SR-75/01 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) The subject category schemes in this report are used by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) to classify documents for its publications, Weekly Government Abstracts, and Government Reports Announcements and Index; its microfiche distribution service (SRIM) ; and its bibliographic data base. The contents include a list of the academically oriented classification scheme endorsed by the Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) , the NTIS-generated classi- fication scheme; subject matter scope notes; an index to the NTIS categories, and a table for converting from COSATI to the NTIS categories. 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms c. COSATI Held/Group 88 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) UNCLASSIFIED 20. Security Class (This Page) UNCLASSIFIED 21. No. of Pages 22. Price (See ANSI-Z39.18) See instructions on Reverse -ii- OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77) (Formerly NTIS-35) Department of Commerce INTRODUCTION Two subject classification schemes have been used by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) and its predecessor organization, the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (CFSTI) . The schemes are the COSATI Subject Classification and the NTIS Subject Classification. The subject classification schemes have three uses: (1) to sort by subject matter the reports announced in the NTIS biweekly journal, Government Reports Announcements and Index (GP/iiil), and the weekly abstract newsletters. (2) to selectively disseminate copies of technical reports using Selected Research in Microfiche (SRIM) . (3) to perform on-line searching of the NTIS data base. Subject classifications can be a useful tool for limiting an on-line search to a desired topic or for quickly selecting everything available in a broad area of interest. The COSATI Subject Classification Scheme This is an academically oriented subject classification scheme which has been endorsed by the Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) of the Federal Council for Science and Technology. It is a uniform subject arrangement for announcing and distributing scientific and technical reports. The two-level list consists of 22 major subject fields (categories) and their 178 subdivisions (subcategories) The COSATI scheme has been in use unchanged since 1964. It is used to arrange reports in the biweekly journal, Government Reports Announcements and Index , and its prede- cessor, U. S. Government Research and Development Reports . Complete scope notes for the COSATI subject categories may be purchased from NTIS using the order number AD-612200. The price code for this report is A04 for paper copy and A01 for microfiche. -in- NTIS Subject Classification Scheme In 1970 NTIS reviewed its procedures for subject classification. A new subject scheme was developed which could be used in conjunction with the COSATI Subject Classifications. The scheme, called NTIS Subject Classification, provides useful sorting categories for both hard and soft sciences, particularly in areas such as environment, transportation, health, and urban technology. The scheme was further expanded in 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, and 1977. There are currently 39 major categories divided into 325 subcategories. Twenty- six of these categories are used to sort reports in NTIS's weekly abstract newsletters. All of the subject categories consist of three-character codes; two numerics and one alpha character. The numeric codes re- present entire categories such as "chemistry" and "biology." The alpha codes are used to designate subcategories within these broad categories. The COSATI subject categories range from 01 through 22. All reports are assigned at least one COSATI code. The NTIS subject classifications range from category number 43 through category 99. The number of NTIS subcategories posted to a report averages from one to four. -iv- COSATI SUBJECT CATEGORIES 1964 to the present (Used in the following NTIS products: SRIM, Government Reports Announcements and Index, and the NTIS Bibliographic Data File) 01 AERONAUTICS A. Aerodynamics B. Aeronautics C. Aircraft D. Aircraft flight control and instrumentation E. Air facilities 02 AGRICULTURE A. Agricultural chemistry B. Agricultural economics C. Agricultural engineering D. Agronomy and horticulture E. Animal husbandry F. Forestry 03 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS A. Astronomy B. Astrophysics C. Celestial mechanics 04 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES A. Atmospheric physics B. Meteorology 05 BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES A. Administration and management B. Documentation and information technology C. Economics D. History, law, and political science E. Human factors engineering F. Humanities G. Linguistics H. Man-machine relations I. Personnel selection, training and evaluation J. Psychology (Individual and group behavior) K. Sociology 06 BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCES A. Biochemistry Bioengineering Biology Bionics Clinical medicine Environmental biology Escape, rescue and survival Food Hygiene and sanitation Industrial (Occupational) medicine Life support Medical and hospital equipment and supplies Microbiology Personnel selection and maintenance (Medical) Pharmacology Physiology Protective equipment Radiobiology Stress physiology Toxicology Weapon effects B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. 0. P. Q. R. S. T. U. 07 CHEMISTRY ,A. Chemical engineering B. Inorganic chemistry C. Organic chemistry D. Physical chemistry E. Radio and radiation chemistry 08 EARTH SCIENCES AND OCEANOGRAPHY A. Biological oceanography B. Cartography C. Dynamic oceanography D. Geochemistry E. Geodesv • F. Geography G. Geology and mineralogy H. Hydrology and limnology I. Mining engineering J. Physical oceanography K. Seismology L. Snow, ice and permafrost M. Soil mechanics N. Terrestrial magnetism 09 ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A. Components B. Computers C. Electronic and electrical engineering D. Information theory E. Subsystems F. Telemetry 10 ENERGY CONVERSION (NON-PROPULSIVE) A. Conversion techniques B. Power sources C. Energy storage 11 MATERIALS A. Adhesives and seals B. Ceramics, refractories and glasses C. Coatings, colorants and finishes D. Composite materials E. Fibers and textiles F. Metallurgy and metallography G. Miscellaneous materials H. Oils, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids I. Plastics J. Rubbers K. Solvents, cleaners and abrasives L. Wood and paper products B. C. D. E. 12 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES A. Mathematics and statistics B. -Operations research 13 MECHANICAL, INDUSTRIAL, CIVIL, AND MAPINE ENGINEERING A. Air conditioning, heating, lighting and ventilating Civil engineering Construction equipment, materials and supplies Containers and packaging Couplings, fittings, f asteners and joints F. Ground transportation equipment G. Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment H. Industrial processes I. Machinery and tools J. Marine engineering K. Pumps, filters, pipes, fittings, tubing, and valves L. Safety engineering M. Strucuural engineering 14 METHODS AND EQUIPMENT A. Cost effectiveness B. Laboratories, test facilities and test equipment C. Recording devices D. Reliability E . Reprography 15 MILITARY SCIENCES A. Antisubmarine warfare B. Chemical, biological, and radiological warfare C. Defense D. Intelligence E. Logistics F. Nuclear warfare G. Operations, strategy, and tactics 16 MISSILE TECHNOLOGY A. Missile launching and ground support B. Missile trajectories C. Missile warheads and fuses D. Missiles 17 NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATIONS DETECTION AND COUNTERMEASURES A. Acoustic detection B. Communications C. Direction finding D. Electromagnetic and acoustic counte measures E. Infrared and ultraviolet detection F. Magnetic detection G. Navigation and guidance H. Optical detection I. Radar detection J. Seismic detection 18 NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A. Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) B. Isotopes C. Nuclear explosions D. Nuclear instrumentation E. Nuclear power plants F. Radiation shielding and protection G. Radioactive wastes and fission products H. Radioactivity I. Reactor engineering and operation J. Reactor materials K. Reactor physics L. Reactors (Power) M. Reactors (Non-power) N. SNAP technology 20 PHYSICS A. Acoustics B. Crystallography C. Electricity and magnetism D. Fluid mechanics E. Masers and lasers F. Optics G. Particle accelerators H. Particle physics I, Plasma physics J. Quantum theory K. Solid mechanics L. Solid-state physics M. Thermodynamics N. Wave propagation 21 22 PROPULSION AND FUELS A, Air-breathing engines Combustion' and ignition Electric propulsion Fuels Jet and gas turbine engines Nuclear propulsion Reciprocating engines Rocket motors and engines Rocket propellants B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. SPACE TECHNOLOGY A. Astronautics B. Spacecraft C. Spacecraft trajectories and reentry D. Spacecraft launch vehicles and ground support 19 ORDNANCE A. Ammunition, explosives, and pyrotechnics B. Bombs C. Combat vehicles D. Explosions, ballistics, and armor E. Fire control and bombing systems F. Guns G. Rockets H. Underwater ordnance NTIS SUBJECT CATEGORIES 1974 to the present* (Used in the following NTIS products : SRIM, WGA, and the NTIS data base) 43. PROBLEM SOLVING INFORMATION FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (began 1976) A. Finance B. Economic and community development C. Human resources D. Police,- fire, and emergency services E. Energy F. Environment G. Transportation 0. General 44. HEALTH PLANNING (was subcategory 95G before 1976)** A. Planning methodology B. Agency administrative and financial management C. Community and population characteristics D. Health care assessment and quality assurance E. Health care measurement methodology F. Health care forecasting methodology G. Environmental and occupational factors H. Health care technology J. Health delivery plans, projects, and studies K. Personal health care services L. Health care needs and demands M. Health resources N. Health care utilization P. Health education Q. Health-related costs R. Economics and sociology S. Legislation and regulations T. Data and information systems U. Health care delivery organization and financial management 0. General 45. COMMUNICATION (was category 61 before mid 1974) A. Policies, regulations, and studies 3. Radio and television equipment C. Common carrier and satellite D. Sociopolitical E. Graphics F. Verbal G. Communication and information theory 0. General *Unless otherwise indicated **There are no I or categories 1974-present 46. PHYSICS (was category 80 before 1974) A. Acoustics B. Fluid mechanics C. Optics and lasers D. Solid state physics E. Structural mechanics F. Nuclear reactor technology , standards , and safety (delmfd 1977 — became 97Q) G. Plasma physics (began 1977) H. Radio frequency waves (began 1977) 0, General 47. OCEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (was category 76 before 1974) A. Marine engineering B. Dynamic oceanography C. Physical and chemical oceanography D. Biological oceanography E. Marine geophysics and geology F. Oceanographic vessels, instruments, and platforms G. Hydrography H. Underwater construction and habitats 0. General 48. NATURAL RESOURCES AND EARTH SCIENCES (was category 64 before 1974) A. Mineral industrier B. Natural resource management C. Natural resource surveys D. Forestry E. Soil sciences F. Geology and geophysics G. Hydrology and limnology H. Snow, ice, and permafrost (was subcategory 64B before 1977) 1. Cartography (was subcategory 64A before 1977) 0. General 49. ELECTROTECHNOLOGY (was category 66 before 1974) A. Antennas B. Circuits C. Electromechanical devices D. Electron tubes E. Optoelectronic devices and systems F. Power and signal transmission devices G. Resistive, capacitive, and inductive components H. Semiconductor devices 0. General 1974-present 50. CIVIL ENGINEERING (was category 60 before 1974) A. Highway engineering B. Civil engineering C. Construction equipment, materials, and supplies D. Soil and rock mechanics 0. General 51. AERONAUTICS AND AERODYNAMICS (began 1970) A. Aerodynamics B. Aeronautics C. Aircraft D. Parachutes and decelerators E. Avionics (began 1977) F. Test facilities and equipment (began 1977) 0. General 54. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS (began 1970) A. Astrogeology B. Astronomy and celestial mechanics C. Astrophysics D. Cosmic ray research 0. General 55. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES (began 1970) A. Aeronomy B. Dynamic meteorology C. Meteorological data collection, analysis, and weather forecasting D. Meteorological instruments and instrument platforms E. Physical meteorology F. Weather modification JZf. General 1974-present 57. MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (began 1970) A. Anatomy B. Biochemistry C. Botany D. Clinical chemistry E. Clinical medicine F. Cytology, genetics, and molecular biology G. Dentistry H. Ecology I. Electrophysiology J. Immunology K. Microbiology L. Nutrition M. Occupational therapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation N. Parasitology 0. Pathology P. Pest control Q. Pharmacology and pharmacological chemistry R. Psychophysiology S. Physiology T. Psychiatry U. Public health and industrial medicine V. Radiobiology W. Stress physiology X. Surgery Y. Toxicology Z . Zoology 0. General 62. COMPUTERS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION THEORY (began 1970) A. Computer hardware B. Computer software C. Control systems and control theory D. Information processing standards E. Information theory F. Pattern recognition and image processing 0. General 63. DETECTION AND COUNTERMEASURES (began 1970) A. Acoustic detection B. Electromagnetic and acoustic countermeasures C. Infrared and ultraviolet detection D. Magnetic detection E. Nuclear explosion detection F. Optical detection G. Personnel detection H. Radiofrequency detection 1. Seismic detection 0. General 8 1974-present 64. EARTH SCIENCES (began 1970--deleted 1977) A. Cartography (deleted 1977 --became subcategory 481) B. Snow, ice, and permafrost (deleted--became 48H) 68. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL (began 1970) A. Air pollution and control B. Noise pollution and control C. Solid wastes pollution and control D. Water pollution and control E. Pesticides pollution and control F. Radiation pollution and control G. Environmental health and safety H. Environmental impact statements (used from 1972 through 1974 and again in 1977) 0. General 70. ADMINISTRATION (began 1970) A. Inventory control B. Management practice C. Management information systems D. Personnel management, labor relations, and manpower studies E. Research program administration and technology transfer F. Public administration and government 0. General 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES (began 1970) A. Ablative materials and ablation B. Adhesives and sealants C. Carbon and graphite D. Ceramics, refractories, and glass E. Coatings, colorants, and finishes F. Composite materials G. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition H. Elastomers 1. Fibers and textiles J. Iron and iron alloys K. Lubricants and hydraulic fluids L. Materials degradation and fouling M. Miscellaneous materials N. Nonferrous metals and alloys O. Plastics P. Refractory metals and alloys Q. Solvents, cleaners, and abrasives R. Wood and paper products 0. General 1974-present II ii H n n n 72. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (began 1970) A. Algebra and number theory B. Analysis (Mathematics) C. Geometry D. Mathematical logic E. Operations research F. Statistical analysis 0. General 73. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (began in 1970 — deleted 1977) A. Ultrasonic testing (deleted 1977--became 943) B. Radiographic testing " " C. Hydrostatic testing " " D. Miscellaneous testing " " 74. MILITARY SCIENCES (began 1970) A. Antiaircraft defense systems B. Antimissile defense systems C. Antisubmarine warfare D. Chemical, biological, and radiological warfare E. Logistics, military facilities, and supplies F. Military intelligence G. Military operations, strategy, and tactics H. Nuclear warfare 1. Passive defense systems 0. General 75. MISSILE TECHNOLOGY (began 1970) A. Air and space- launched missiles B. Missile guidance and control systems C. Missile launching and support systems D. Missile tracking systems E. Missile trajectories and reentry dynamics F. Missile warheads and fuzes G. Surface-launched missiles H. Underwater-launched missiles 0. General 76. NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL (began 1970) A. Control devices and equipment B. Guidance systems C. Navigation and guidance system components D. Navigation systems 0. General 10 1974-present 77. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (began 1970) A. Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) B. Isotopes C. Nuclear auxiliary power systems D. Nuclear explosions and devices E. Nuclear instrumentation F. Radiation shielding, protection, and safety G. Radioactive wastes and radioactivity H. Reactor engineering and nuclear power plants I. Reactor fuels and fuel processing J. Reactor materials K. Reactor physics 0. General 79. ORDNANCE (began 1970) A. Ammunition, explosives, and pyrotechnics B. Armor C. Bombs D. Combat vehicles E. Detonations, explosion effects, and ballistics F. Fire control and bombing systems G. Guns H. Rockets 1. Underwater ordnance 0. General 81. PROPULSION AND PROPELLANTS (began 1970) A. Combustion and ignition B. Electric and ion propulsion C. Fuel and propellant tanks D. Jet and gas turbine engines E. Liquid propellant rocket engines F. Liquid rocket propellants G. Miscellaneous rocket engines and motors H. Miscellaneous rocket propellants. 1. Nuclear propulsion J. Reciprocating and rotating combustion engines K. Solid propellant rocket motors L. Solid rocket propellants 0. General 8/i. PROTOGRAPHY AND RECORDING DEVICES (began 19 70) A. Holography B. Photographic techniques and equipment C. Recording devices 0, General 11 1974-present 84. SPACE TECHNOLOGY (began 1970) A. Astronautics B. Extraterrestrial exploration C. Manned spacecraft D. Spacecraft trajectories and flight mechanics E. Space launch vehicles and support equipment F. Space safety G. Unmanned spacecraft 0. General 85. TRANSPORTATION (began 1970) A. Air transportation B. Surface transportation (dmlmtmd 1977--became 85G , 8SH , and 851) C. Metropolitan rail transportation D. Transportation safety E. Pipeline transportation F. Global navigation systems G. Marine and waterway transportation (began 1977 — was part of 85B) H. Road transportation (began 1977--was part of 85B) 1. Railroad transportation (began 1977--was part of 8 SB) . General 88. LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (began 1970) A. Operations and planning B. Information systems C. Marketing and user services D. Personnel E. Reference materials 0, General 89. BUILDING INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY (began mid 1972) A. Architectural design and program analysis (dmleted 1977- merged with 89B) B. Architectural design and environmental engineering C. Construction management and techniques D. Structural analyses E. Building standards and codes F. Building technology management (dmlmtmd 1977) G. Construction materials, components, and equipment H. Building equipment, furnishings, and maintenance (began 1977) 0. General 12 19 74 -present 90. GOVERNMENT INVENTIONS FOR LICENSING (began 1973) A. Mechanical devices and equipment B. Chemistry C. Nuclear technology D. Biology and medicine E. Metallurgy F. Electrotechnology G. Instruments H. Optics and lasers (began 1977) I. Ordnance (began 197 7) J. Food technology (began 1977) 0. General 91. URBAN AND REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (began 197 2-- related to category 53 before 1974) A. Environmental management and planning B. Transportation and traffic planning C. Fire services, law enforcement, and criminal justice D. Communications E. Housing F. Health services G. Urban administration and planning H. Regional administration and planning 1. Emergency services and planning J. Economic studies K. Social services (began 1977) L. Recreation (began 1977) 0. General 92. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIETY (began 1972--was category 56 before 1974) A. Job training and career development B. Psychology C. Social concerns D. Education, law, and humanities E. International relations 0. General 93. NASA LANDSAT PROGRAM (began 1972) (This category is used to announce only LANDSAT studies released by NASA and sent directly to NTIS. Studies prepared by other government agencies using the LANDSAT imagery will most likely not appear in this category . ) A. Significant results B. Insignificant results C. Insignificant results (Less than 5 pages) 0, General 13 1974-present 94. INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (began 197 3--was category 69 before 1974) A. Production planning and process controls B. Quality control and reliability C. Plant design and maintenance D. Job environment E. Environmental engineering F. Tooling, machinery, and tools G. Manufacturing processes and materials handling H. Industrial safety engineering I. Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment (began 1977) J. Nondestructive testing (began 1977--was 73A, 73B, 7 3C , and 73D) 0. General 95. BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING (began 197 3--was category 58 before 1974) A. Prosthetics and mechanical organs B. Tissue preservation and storage C. Biomedical instrumentation and bioengineering D. Human factors engineering E. Life support systems F. Bionics and artificial intelligence G. Health care facilities and services (deleted 1976--became category 44) 0. General 96. BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS (began 197 3 — was category 65 before 1974) A. Domestic commerce, marketing, and economics B. Domestic commerce and marketing (deleted 1977--merged with 96A) C. International commerce, marketing, and economics D. Consumer affairs E. Minority enterprises F. Banking and finance G. Foreign industry development and economics 0. General 14 1974-present 97. ENERGY (was category 67) A. Reserves B. Energy use, supply, and demand C. Power and heat generation (deleted 1977--became 971 and 973) D. Energy conversion and storage (deleted 197 7 -'became 97M, 91 'N , and 97Q) E. Electric power transmission F. Fuel conversion processes G. Policies, regulations, and studies H. Engines and fuels (deleted 1977--became 97K and 97L) I. Electric power production (began 1977 — was part of 97C) J. Heating and cooling systems (began l977--was part of 97C) K. Fuels (began 1977--was part of 97H) L. Engine studies (Energy related) (began 1977--was part of 97H) M. Batteries and components (began 1977--was part of 97D) N. Solar energy (began 1977--was part of 97D) 0. Miscellaneous energy conversion (began 1977 —was part of 97D) P. Geothermal energy (began 197 7) Q. Selected studies in nuclear technology (began 1977 --was 46F) R. Environmental studies (began 1977) 0. General 98. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD (was category 52) A. Agricultural chemistry B. Agricultural economics C. Agricultural equipment, facilities, and operations D. Agronomy, horticulture, and plant pathology E. Animal husbandry and veterinary medicine F. Fisheries and aquaculture G. Agricultural resource surveys H. Food technology 0. General 99. CHEMISTRY (was category 59) A. Analytical chemistry B. Industrial chemistry and chemical process engineering C. Polymer chemistry D. Basic and synthetic chemistry E. Photo and radiation chemistry F. Physical and theoretical chemistry 0. General 15 NT IS SUBJECT CATEGORIES 1970 through 1973* 51. AERONAUTICS AND AERODYNAMICS A . Ae r c d y nami c s B. Aeronautics C. Aircraft D. Aircraft onboard checkout systems E. Air facilities F. Air traffic control systems G. Aviation safety H. Avionics I. Flight control systems J. Flight instruments K. Ground effect machines L. Parachutes and accelerators 0, General 52. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD A. Agricultural chemistry B. Agricultural economics C. Agricultural engineering D. Agricultural products processing E. Agronomy, horticulture, and plant pathology F. Animal husbandry and veterinary medicine G. Fisheries and aquiculture H. Forestry 1. Natural resource and wildlife management J. Soil sciences 0. General 53. AREA PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT A. Housing B. Land use and zoning C. Public utilities D. Recreation and recreation facilities E. Regional planning and development F. Transportation planning G. Urban planning and development 0. General 54. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS A. Astrogeology B. Astronomy and celestial mechanics C. Astrophysics D. Cosmic ray research 0. General *Unless otherwise indicated 17 1970-1973 55. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES A. Aeronomy B. Dynamic meteorology C. Meteorological data collection, analysis, and weather forecasting D. Meteorological instruments and instrument platforms E. Physical meteorology F. Weather modification 0. General 66. BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES A. Anthropology and archeology B. Area studies and international relations C. Criminology and law enforcement D. Demography E. Education F. Government, public administration, and political science G. History and law H. Humanities 1. Instructional devices and materials J. Linguistics and speech K. Psychology and psychometrics L. Race relations M. Social services N. Sociology and sociometrics 0. General 57. BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCES A. Anatomy B. Biochemistry C. Botany D. Clinical chemistry E. Clinical medicine F. Cytology, genetics, and molecular biology G. Dentistry H. Ecology 1. Electrophysiology J. Immunology K. Microbiology L. Nutrition M. Occupational therapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation N. Parasitology 0. Pathology P. Pest control Q. Pharmacology and pharmacological chemistry R. Physiological psychology S. Physiology T. Psychiatry U. Public health, hygiene, and industrial medicine V. Radiobiology W. Stress physiology X. Surgery Y. Toxicology Z . Zoology 0. General 18 58. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING (deleted 1973) 1970-1973 A. Biomedical facilities and supplies B. Biomedical instrumentation and bioengineering C. Bionics and artificial intelligence D. Escape, rescue, and survival E. Human factors engineering and man-machine relations F. Life support and space biology G. Prosthetics and mechanical organs H. Tissue preservation and storage 0. General 59. CHEMISTRY (deleted 197 3) A. Analytic chemistry B. Industrial chemistry and chemical process engineering C. Inorganic chemistry D. Organic chemistry E. Organometallic chemistry F. Photochemistry G. Physical chemistry H. Polymer chemistry 1. Quantum and theoretical chemistry J. Radio and radiation chemistry 0. General 60. CIVIL, STRUCTURAL, AND MARINE ENGINEERING (delated 1973) A. Architectural design and programing B. Civil engineering C. Construction equipment, materials, and supplies D. Flood control E. Harbors and port facilities F. Highway engineering G. Marine engineering H. Structural engineering 1. Water supply systems 0. General 61. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A. Communications security B. Optical communication systems C. Radio communication systems D. Satellite and space communication systems E. Subsurface communication systems F. Telemeter systems G. Television communication H. Wire communication systems 0. General 62. COMPUTERS, CONTROL THEORY, INFORMATION THEORY A. Computer hardware B. Computer software C. Control systems and control theory D. Information processing standards E. Information theory 0. General ^ 1970-1973 63. DETECTION AND COUNTERMEASURES A. Acoustic detection B. Electromagnetic and acoustic countermeasures C. Infrared and ultraviolet detection D. Magnetic detection E. Nuclear explosion detection F. Optical detection G. Personnel detection H. Radiof requency detection I. Siesmic detection 0. General 64. EARTH SCIENCES A. Cartography B. Earch resource surveys C. Geochemistry D. Geodesy E. Geography F. Geology and mineralogy G. Geomagnetism H. Hydrology and limnology 1. Mineral industries J. Seismology K. Snow, Ice, and permafrost L. Soil and rock mechanics 0. General 65. ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND COMMERCE A. Banking and finance B. Economics and monetary policy C. International commerce D. Manufacturing and production E. Marketing F. Minority enterprises and employment opportunities G. Service industries H. Wholesale and retail trade 0. General 66. ELECTROTECHNOLOGY A. Antennas B. Circuits C. Electromechanical devices D. Electron tubes E. Optoelectronic devices and systems F. Power and signal transmission devices G. Resistive, capacitive, and inductive components H. Semiconductor devices 0. General 20 1970-1973 67. ENERGY CONVERSION (NON -PROPULSIVE) A. Batteries and components B. Electric power production and transmission C. Fuel cells D. Magnetohydrodynamic generators E. Miscellaneous energy conversion and storage techniques F. Photoelectric and photovoltaic energy conversion G. Thermoelectric and thermionic energy conversion 0. General 68. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL A. Air pollution and control B. Noise pollution and control C. Solid wastes pollution and control D. Water pollution and control 0. General 69. INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A. Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment B. Bonding and joining C. Couplings, fasteners, and joints D. Fluidics and fluerics E. Hydraulic and pneumatic equipment F. Industrial engineering G. Lighting equipment H. Machinery and tools 1. Manufacturing processes J. Materials handling K. Metal processing L. Office and household equipment M. Packaging and containerization N. Pumps, filters, pipes, tubing, fittings, and valves 0. General 70. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE A. Inventory management B. Management practice C. Management information systems D. Personnel management, labor relations and manpower studies E. Research management and technology transfer 0. General 21 1970-1973 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES A. Ablative materials and ablation B. Adhesives and sealants C. Carbon and graphite D. Ceramics, refractories, and glass E. Coatings, colorants, and finishes F. Composite materials G. Corrosion and corrosion inhibition H. Elastomers I. Fibers and textiles J. Iron and iron alloys K. Lubricants and hydraulic fluids L. Materials degradation and fouling M. Miscellaneous materials N. Nonferrous metals and alloys 0. Plastics P. Refractory metals and alloys Q. Solvents, cleaners, and abrasives R. Wood and paper products 0. General 72. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES A. Algebra and number theory B. Analysis (Mathematics) C . Geometry D. Mathematical logic E. Operations research F. Statistical analysis 0. General 73. METHODS, INSTRUMENTATION, AND EQUIPMENT A. Metrology and chronology B. Nondestructive testing C. Reliability D. Test facilities, equipment, methods, and laboratories 0. General 74. MILITARY SCIENCES A. Antiaircraft defense systems B. Antimissile defense systems C. Antisubmarine warfare D. Chemical, biological, and radiological warfare E. Civil defense systems F. Logistics, military facilities, and supplies G. Military intelligence H. Military operations, strategy, and tactics 1. Nuclear warfare J. Passive defense systems 0. General 22 75. MISSILE TECHNOLOGY A. Air and space- launched missiles B. Missile guidance and control systems C. Missile launching and support systems D. Missile tracking systems E. Missile trajectories and reentry dynamics F. Missile warheads and fuzes G. Surface-launched missiles H. Underwater- launched missiles 0. General 76. NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL A. Control devices and equipment B. Guidance systems C. Navigation and guidance systems components D. Navigation systems 0. General 77. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A. Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) B. Isotopes C. Nuclear auxiliary power systems D. Nuclear explosions and devices E. Nuclear instrumentation F. Radiation shielding, protection, and safety G. Radioactive wastes, fission products, and radioactivity H. Reactor engineering and nuclear power plants 1. Reactor fuels and fuel processing J. Reactor materials K. Reactor physics 0. General 78. OCEAN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING A. Biological oceanography B. Chemical oceanography C. Dynamic oceanography D. Hydrography E. Marine geophysics and geology F. Oceanographic instruments G. Oceanographic vessels and platforms H. Physical oceanography 1. Uiiaerwater habitats J. Underwater research vehicles 0. General 23 1970-1973 79. ORDNANCE A. Ammunition, explosives, and pyrotechnics B. Armor C. Bombs D. Combat vehicles E. Detonations, explosive effects, and ballistics F. Fire control and bombing systems G. Guns H. Rockets I. Underwater ordnance 0, General 80. PHYSICS A. Acoustics B. Atomic and molecular physics C. Cryogenic phenomena D. Crystallography E. Electrical and magnetic phenomena F. Fluid mechanics G. Lasers and masers H. Optical phenomena and equipment 1. Particle accelerators J. Particle and nuclear physics K. Plasma physics L. Quantum theory and theoretical physics M. Radiofrequency wave propagation N. Solid state physics 0. Structural mechanics P . The rmody nami c s 0. General 81. PROPULSION AND FUELS A. Combustion and ignition B. Electric propulsion and photopropulsion C. Fuel and propellant tanks D. Fuels E. Jet and gas turbine engines F. Liquid propellant rocket engines G. Liquid rocket propellants H. Miscellaneous rocket engines and motors 1. Miscellaneous rocket propellants J. Nuclear propulsion K. Reciprocating and rotating combustion engines L. Solid propellant rocket motors M. Solid rocket propellants 0. General 24 X970-1973 82. REPROGRAPHY AND RECORDING DEVICES A. Holography B. Photographic techniques and equipment C. Recording devices D. Reprography and graphic arts 0. General 83. SAFETY ENGINEERING AND PROTECTION A. Fire protection and detection equipment B. Protective equipment and clothing C. Safety engineering 0, General 84. SPACE TECHNOLOGY A. Astronautics B. Extraterrestrial exploration C. Manned spacecraft D. Spacecraft trajectories and flight mechanics E. Space launch vehicles and support equipment F. Space safety G. Unmanned spacecraft 0. General 85. TRANSPORTATION A. Air transportation B. Pipeline transportation C. Subsurface transportation D. Surface transportation E. Transportation safety 0. General 88. LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCES A. Operations and planning B. Information systems C. Marketing and user services D. Personnel E. Reference materials 0. General 25 SCOPE NOTES TO THE NTIS SUBJECT CATEGORIES 43. PROBLEM SOLVING INFORMATION FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS A. Finance : Taxation; Revenue; Budgeting; Revenue sharing; Financing; Allocations. (See also 91G and 91H) B. Econoaic and community developmen t: Land use planning; Urban renewal; Econoaic effects; Econoaic planning and development; Recreation planning and development; Econoaic readjustment. (see also 91J) C. Human resources ; Education; Social services; Manpower. (See also 91K and~92C) &• Police, fire, and eaergency serv i ces ; Police and fire services and administration; Disaster services; Civil defense; Eaergency weather services; Pollution alerts; Civil disturbances; Aabulance services; Disaster relief. (See also 91C and 911) E - Energy ; • Management and planning on energy resources, use, and production; Government administration and forecasting. F. Environaent ; Air, water, noise, waste management and planninq; Monitoring services. G « Trans portation : Planning for modes of public, private, ^ind cargo transportation; Highway planning; Parking; Traffic engineering. (See also 91B) £• Genera l: Includes internal government adainistration; State programs; Criainal justice, lav enforcement, corrections planning and adainistration. 27 UH. HEALTH PLANNING A. Pla nning me tholplogy: Health planning theory including methods, tactics, techniques ani policies; Evaluation of planning theories and processes; Plan document development: Geographic classification techniques. 3« Agency admi nist rat ive. a nd _financi al ma na ge ment; Management practices and policies regarding technical assistance, evaluation of agency activities, public relations, community particiDation and relations, coordination with other agencies, confidentiality of information, personnel administration, and personnel orientation; Agency organizational structure; Financial management and accounting methods. C. Communit y and popula tion chara cte risti cs: Data and numerical information including health status, quality of care, malpractice, health care needs/demands; Health care utilization, health care costs, vital statistics; Demographic information, economic, environmental, nutritional, and societal factors affecting health, and health resource distribution. D. Health care a ssessmen t and q u al ity as surance; Review and comment theory and methods re financial feasibility review, economic impact review, and project review and comment (includes 1122 criteria and standards, manuals and state agreements) ; Certificate of need theory; Review and assessment criteria and standards re health care delivery, rate review, and health manpower education institutional accreditation; Judicatory procedures re review and assessment; Quality assurance theory including guality-of-care measurement, quality of care indexes, and health care cost/effectiveness measurement; Certif icatory methodology; Health manpower proficiency testing, and public health education evaluation: Theory and methods re classification of health care facilities and health care personnel. £• Health care mea surement m ethodology; Theory and procedures re measurement of health status, quality of care, health facility supply, health manpower supply, health manpower proficiency and productivity, health care costs, and ailment care cost; Health care needs/demand measurement and health care utilization measurement including health care facility, hospital care, acute in-patient care, long-term in-patient care, nursinq home care, ambulatory care, emergency care, dental care, health insurance, home health care health manpower requirements/demand, and health manpower utilization. 28 44. HEALTH PLANNING (continued) F. Heal th care fo rec asting methodology: Theory and techniques re projecting health care needs/demand and health care utilization including health care facility, hospital care, acute in-patient care, long-tern in-patient care, nursing home care, ambulatory care, emergency care, public health care, medical care, mental health care, nursing care, dental care, health insurance; Health care facility supply; Health manpower supply; Health care costs; Home health care; Cross-impact projections. G. En vironmental_and occupational factors: Environmental factors affecting health including housing, sanitation, water pollution, solid waste pollution, noise pollution, disease vectors, safety hazards, and occupational and industrial hazards; Overpopulation; Health facility environmental considerations and environmental impact; Enerqy sources in the health field. H. Health care t ec hnol ogy; Descriptions and applications of new health care technology and equipment; Ailment prevention techniques, and technology re diagnosis, therapy, rehabilitation, and food and nutrition; Health care equipment and facility design and performance considerations. J- He alth d e liv ery n plans f projects, and studies; Plans, projects, and studies related to the institutional delivery of health services including state/local health plans, state/local medical facility plans, plans for specific health services, and health delivery feasibility studies. K « Personal_health ca r e services ; Direct patient care and maintenance of individual's health status including hospital services, acute in-patient services, long-term in-patient services, nursing home services, ambulatory services, home health services, emergency services, public health services> mental services, nursing services, dental services, and medically related social services including institution discharge services. L. Health care nee ds and demand s: Measurement of needs/demand re health care, hospital care, acute in-patient care, long-term s - Health resources: Surveys, reports, and studies related to specific health care resources including manpower, facilities, sources of financing, and government and private health-related organizations, agencies and individuals; Organizational arrangement of health services. N. Health ..care _ utilization: Measurements re utilization of health resources includinq 29 4U. HEALTH' PLANNING (continued) manpower, ambulatory care, emergency care, public health care, medical care, mental care, nursing care, dental care, health insurance, health care facilities, and home health care. p « Health ed ucation: Health manpower education includinq curricula and costs; Health manpower education institutional financing; Financing for health manpower education, health related educational institutions; Health manpower student recruiting and retention methods; Health manpower continuing education; Health manpower career quidance and career advancement; Consumer health education and public health education methods; Health manpower education facility needs/demand. Q. Health-rel ated costs: Including health care costs, health care cost indexes, health care cost projections, in-patient care costs, acute in-patient care costs, long-term care costs, nursing home care costs, ambulatory care costs, emergency care costs, public health care costs, medical care costs, mental care costs, nursing care costs, dental care costs; Health insurance costs; Health manpower income; Health care equipment costs; Health facility utilization and construction costs; Ailment costs including preventive medicine costs and injury costs; Health related transportation costs includinq emerqency transportation costs. R. Economics and soci ology: Discussions of economic and sociological factors and theories relevant to health planninq. S. Legislation and regulations : Lavs, bills, regulations and model legislation re health care systems includinq certificate of need, health insurance certification, health manpower licensing, health facility licensing, health manpower employment, and Federal, State and local support re health manpower education. T. Data and information system s: Techniques re information systems including document sources, acquisition, surroqation, and storage; Information retrieval; Data systems; Data gathering; Data processing; Data processing hardware; Information system feasibility studies, and confidentiality of information. D . Health care deliver y organization and f inancial^man ageme nt : Hospital and medical practice administration and management; Organizational structure of health services; Management policies and practices re personnel, community participation and relations, and coordination with other agencies; Financial management and accounting methods; Financing of health delivery and facilities; Reporting methods and requirements. 30 44. HEALTH PLANNING (continued) 0. General ; 31 U5. COSHHNICATION A. Po licies, regulations, and studies; Licensinq; Leqislation; National policies and Federal regulatory controls; Frequency management; Broadcasting standards; Time signals, etc. B. Ra dio and televisi on eq uipm ent; Design and maintenance of radio and television transmitting and receiving equipment only. {See also 51E) C. Common ca rrier, and satell ite; Optical , radio, microwave, wire, and acoustic communication; Telephone, telemeter, teleqraph, television, and radio communication systems; Computer network communications; Digital communication; Intercommunication systems; Computer communication networks. All communication equipment except radio and television. D. Sociopol itical: Propaganda; Social communication; Siqn language; Effects of communication on society and behavior; Postal Service; Mass media communication. E. Graphics : Publishing; Printing; Graphic arts; Reprography; Xerography; Facsimile. '• Verba l: Research and development in vocal communication; Speech intelligibility; Speech recognition. G. Communicat ion and informa tion th e or y; Theoretical studies relating to the measurement and transmission of information in a communication channel. Includes codinq theory, information capacity, detection of signals in noise, (See also 62E) £• General : 32 46. PHYSICS A. Acoustics: Generation and transmission of sound throuqh various media or enclosures. Includes ultrasonic and infrasonic radiation. (See also 63A) B. Fl u id mechaai cs; Theoretical and experimental studies of the dynamics and statics of fluids and of relative motion between fluids and solid bodies. Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics; Mater tunnel studies and equipment. For wind tunnel equipment and facilities, se* 51F; For operational applications see 51A, 75E, and 84D. C. O ptics and la sers ; Generation and propagation of electromagnetic waves in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet region of the spectrum; Theory; Design and performance of optical equipment. Lasers and masers. D » Solid state physic s; Physical properties of solids as related to their structure. Fundamental research and theoretical studies on semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic materials, dielectrics, and other solids; Band structure of solids. Includes crystallography and superconductivity. For semiconductor devices, see 49H; Por structural mechanics, see U6E. E - Structural mechanic s; Dynamics and statics of solid bodies; Kinetics; Kinematics; Shock and vibration. G » Plasma p h ys ics; Properties and actions of plasmas, includinq magnetohydrodynamics, pinch effect, plasma oscillations, plasma jets; Plasma diagnostics; plasma dynamics. (See also 77A) For MHD generators, see 970; For astrophysics and aeronomy, see 5UC and 55A respectively. H » Radiof reguen cy waves; Generation and prppaqation of radiof requency waves. ffm Genera l; Includes electron and X-ray optics. 33 U7. OCEAN TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (continued) *• Marine engine ering: Design, construction, and maintenance of ships, boats, and related equipment; Salvage operations; Naval architecture; Shipyards and shipbuilding; Submarines; Shipborne containerization. (See also 853) E. Dynamic oceanogra phy; Ocean waves; Sea level chanqes; Ocean currents; Ocean tides; Littoral transport. Sea ice movement- c - Physical and c hemical o ceanography : Physical and chemical properties of sea water, the ocean botton, and estuaries;. Sea ice. D« Bi ological oc eanography: Plant and animal life in the marine environment. Biological fouling; Marine ecology: Biological aspects of mariculture; Use of marine organisms as bioassay systems; Marine aspects of estuaries; Marine biology of anadromous fishes. (See also 57C, 57H, 57K , 57F. 57Z, and 98F) V Marine geo physic s an d geology : Geophysical and geological studies and surveys as applied to a marine environment; Plate tectonics; Sea floor spreading: Continental drift. F. Oce anographi c vessels, instru ments, an d pl a tf orms: Instrumentation and eguipment to collect and process oceanographic data. G » Hyd rogra phy; Hydrographic surveying; Ocean bottom topography. H. Dnderwater co nstruction and habit ats: Closed environments; Underwater Underwater work and construction; Underwater construction equipment. 9* General : Breakwaters; Onshore and offshore facilities; Ocean dredging operations; Beach erosion; Harbor engineering; Ocean mining; Anchors; Buoys; Seakeeping; Diving operations and equipment; Decompression equipment. (See also 50B) 34 48. NATURAL RESOURCES AND EARTH SCIENCES A « Mineral industries ; Industries and their processes that exploit metallic and nonmetallic resources. Includes Coal mining; Coal preparation; Petroleum exploration, drillinq and production; Metals exploration and mining; Exploration geophysics and seismology; Reserves; Mine safety; Mineral economics; Underwater and continental shelf mining; Natural resources studies (excluding Earth Resource Satellite Surveys) . (See also 97) For Petroleum refining, see 97K and 99B. B » Natural resource management : Conservation and management of natural resources, including land and soil, water, forest, grassland, and other vegetation; Fish and wildlife management; Mineral management; Policies and legislation including game laws and licensing; Water resource management; Water supply; Forest fire prevention. (See also 98F, 43A, 43D, and 48C) C. Natural resource surve ys; Use of scientific satellites (LANDSAT) , aerial photography, and other remote sensing techniques to scan the earth's surface in data gathering experiments on soils, mineral resources, hydrology, animals, forests, and other resources. For agricultural resource surveys, see 98G. D. Forestry ; Forest description and measurement; Forest influences; Forest protection and management; Harvesting, logging, sawmills and transportation; Silviculture; Forest nurseries; Af forestration and reforestration; Forest fires and prevention. (See also U8D, 93D) For wood utilization, see 71R. E. Soil sciences : Soil biology, chemistry, moisture, mineralogy, classification, surveys, management; Soil erosion and its prevention; Land reclamation, terracing, contouring; Polders, tillage, and fertility; Soil banks. For soil conservation, • see U8B; For irrigation, see 98C; For mechanical and engineering properties, see 50D. F. Geology and ge ophysics: Structure, properties, and classification of rocks and rock constituents. Seismology; Geomorphology; Paleontology; Stratigraphy; Geodesy; structural Geology; Engineering Geology; Vulcanology; Petrology; Petrography; Tectonics. (See also 54A) G. Hydrology a nd limnology ; Properties, distribution, and circulation of fresh water, including its surface and underground occurrence; Physical and chemical conditions in fresh water bodies; Eutrophication; Chemical-biological interrelationships; Water runoff; Water losses; Ground water; Streams; Aquifers. For studies of estuaries, see the appropriate subcategory in 47. 35 48. NATURAL RESOURCES AND EARTH SCIENCES (continued) H « Snow, ice, an d permafros t: Physical characteristics includinq Traf f icability , stability, and mechanical properties; Glaciologv. For sea ice, see U7C. !• Cartography : Map making; Photogrammetry ; Terrain models; Topography. ffm General : 36 49. ELECTBOTECHNOLOGY A, Antennas ; Antennas; Antenna theory; Antenna radiation patterns; Radomes. B » Circuit s; Circuit theory; Network analysis; Filters; Amplifiers; Oscillators; Logic circuits; Printed circuits; Electronic nodules; Commutators; Power supply circuits; Waveform generators; Analog to digital converters; Phase locked systems. Por integrated circuits, see 49H. c * Electromech anical devices; Electric motors; Relays; Mechanical switches; Connectors; Circuit breakers; Electric fuses. D « Electron tub es; All electron tubes except those in 49E. £. Optoelectron ic dev ices and systems; Display systems; Phototubes; Image tubes; Cathode ray tubes; Electroluminescent panels; Light • emitting diodes; phototransistors. For lasers see 46C. F - Power and signal transmission de vices; Transmission lines. Electric wire and cable; Waveguides. G. R esistive, capacit ive. and induc tive components; Resistors, Capacitors; Inductors; Transformers; Electromagnets; Potentiometers; Thermistors; Delay lines; Transducers; Crystal resonators. Includes miscellaneous and basic components. B» Semiconductor devices ; Transistors; Semiconductor diodes. Integrated circuits. ft. General ; Standards, measurements, and instrumentation not applied to any of the above subcategories. 37 50. CIVIL ENGINEERING A. Hi g hway engineering : Construction of roads and highways; Highway and rights-of-way maintenance including weed control; Bridges and bridge systems; Highway paints and markings; Highway and road signs; Beautif ication; Soil subcases and slope stability. B. C ^vil engineering : Dredging; Dams; Water purification; Reservoir engineering; Flood control; Sewers; Waterway engineering; Runway construction; Breakwaters; Harbor engineering; Tunneling. (See also 47) For sewage treatment, see 68D; For building construction, see 89. C. Construction eq u ip m ent, materials and supplie s: Excavation and earth moving eguipment; Hoisting and conveying equipment; Concrete and cement. (See also 89G) D. Soil and rock mechanics : Physical properties of soil and rock for utilization in engineering; Landslides; Soil stabilization. ft* Genera l: 38 51. AERONAUTICS AND AERODYNAMICS A. A erodynami cs: Aerodynamic characteristics and problems of bodies as they are affected by the dynamics of phenomena relating to boundary layer, lift, drag, laminar and turbulent flow, compressible flow, lift, aerodynamic heatinq, vortex flow, wake, etc. in aerodynamic regimes. Includes aircraft, ground vehicles, and structures. (See also U6B) For missile reentry dynamics, see also 75E; For spacecraft reentry dynamics, see also 84D. B. Aeronautic s; Aircraft operations such as takeoff and landing, all weather and night flight, taxiing, approach, letdown, in- flight refueling, etc.; Aviation accidents. c « Aircraf t; Design, production, and maintenance of aircraft, aircraft components and equipment. Structural studies of airframes, bodies, wings, and fuselages; Military and commercial aircraft; Balloons (excludes meteorological baloons) ; Air cushion vehicles (excludes tracked vehicles) . (See also 85A) For electronic equipment, see 51E. D. Parachutes and decelerators : Deployable devices and structures to induce drag and deceleration of aircraft, spacecraft, test vehicles such as rocket sleds, etc. E » Avionic s: Airborne electronic equipment. Includes electronic equipment used for communications; Navigation; Control systems; Onboard air traffic control; Detection. (See also 45, U9, 63, 76) F - fest facili t ies and equipment: Wind tunnels; Simulators; Flight simulators. For flight simulators used for traininq, see 92A. £• General : Landing mats. 39 54. ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS *• Astrogeology: Studies of the structure and composition of planets and other bodies in the solar system. (See also 48F) For solar structure and planetary atmospheres, see 54C. P. Astronomy and celestia l mechanic s; Positions and motions of the celestial bodies; Ephemerides; Eclipses. C. Astrophysic s; Physical and chemical aspects of celestial bodies, their origin and evolution. Includes astronomical spectroscopy, radio astronomy, solar structure, and planetary atmospheres. For astroqeology, see 54A. D Cosmic ray ^res earc h; Detection and analysis of cosmic rays. (See also HE)' #• General ; 40 55. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES & » Aeronom y; Physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere; Composition; Chemical reactions; Aurora; Airqlow; Solar- terrestrial relationships. For cosmic ray research, see 54D, B * Dynamic m ete orology; Study of atmospheric motions and diffusion Models; Air pollution movement; Atmospheric circulation. C. He teoro l o gi cal data collection, analysis, and weather fore casting ; Climatology; Satellite meteorology; weather prediction; Ice forecasting. D • Meteorol ogical .instruments, and instrument platforms : Instruments used to record meteorological parameters. Meteorological balloons; Weather stations; Sounding rockets. E. Ph ysical m ete orology; Acoustical, electrical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere; Cloud physics; Precipitation, theory and formation. F. Weather m odif ication; Change of weather conditions through artificial means; Fog dispersal; Artificial precipitation. 0. Genera l; 41 57. MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY A. Anat o my : Descriptive and comparative anatomy of humans. Dissection; Neuroanatomy; florphology; Somatology: For plant anatomy, see 57C; For animal anatomy, see 57z. B. Biochemistr y: Studies of the chemical processes which take place in biological systems. Identification and measurement of biochemical substances and methods used for biochemical assay and analysis. (See also 57F, 57L, 57Q, and 99A) For measurement of biochemical substances for clinical diagnoses, see 57D. C. Botan v: Study of macroscopic and microscopic plants. Plant anatomy, ecology, Dhysiology, pathology, and taxonomy; phytotoxicity ; Includes algae and diatoms. (See also 57H, 57K, and 98D) D - Cl inical chemistry : Techniques and instrumentation for chemical analysis of body fluids for clinical diagnoses. (See also 99A) E - Clinic al medicin e: Prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of diseases. Experimental medicine; General medicine, medical specialities, and paramedical sciences not otherwise assigned. (See also 57j, 57o, and 57X) For veterinary medicine, see 98E; For health care services see 44; For epidemiology and disease control, see 570. F. C ytology, gene tic s, and molecu lar biolog y; Origin, structure, and functions of living cells and cell components. Genetic apparftus and mechanisms; Hereditary diseases; Use of chemistry and physics to study biological phenomena on the molecular level; Structure and function of biological macromolecules, e.g. proteins and nucleic acids. (See also 57B) G « Dentistry : Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the teeth, oral cavity, and associated parts; Oral hygiene. For dental materials and eguipment, see 95C; For dental prosthetics, see 95A; For dental services, see 44. H« Ecology : Interrelationships of organisms and their environment. Animal, plant, and human ecology; Harine, fresh water, and terrestrial ecology; Ecosystems; Adaptation; Acclimatization; Natural selection; Species diversity; Food chains; Ecological succession; Effects of polluted environments on organisms; Biological productivity; Energy flow. (See also 47D, 48B, 48G, 57C, 57Y, 57z, 68, 98D) For effects of extreme environments on stimuli on humans, see 57W. For the interrelationships of humans and their social environments, see 92. For the effects of industrial atmospheres on humans, see 57D. 42 57. MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (continued) !• E lee trop hysio logy: Electrical activity associated with living organisms and life processes. Electrophysiologic recording including electrocardiography, electroencephalography, and electromyography; Neural transmission; Intracellular potential; Bioelectricity ; Electric organs in fishes, insects, etc,; Responses of organisms to electrical stimulation, J. Immunology: mechanisms of immune responses. Antigens and antibodies; Vaccines; Immune serums; Immunization; Immunopathology; Tmraunohematology ; Immunochemistry; Serology; Immunity; Allergy; Histocompatibility; Autoimmune diseases, (See also 57E and 57K) K - Microbiology: Studies of microscopic plants and animals. Vaccine and interferon production: Microbial metabolism and biochemistry; (See also 57B, 57F, 57N, and 7UD) For diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases, see 57E; For disease control and epidemiology, see 57U. L * Nutriti on: Processes by which humans assimilate and utilize food substances. Experimental nutrition; Nutritive value of foods; Malnutrition; Diet; Food habits; Nutrition surveys; Nutritional reguirements; Clinical nutrition. For food processing, see 98H. M . Occupational therapy . physical t hera p v. ^.and., rehabil itation : Restoration of normal form and function after injury or physical illness. Occupational therapy; Physical therapy; Vocational guidance; Rehabilitation centers. (See also 44K, 92A, 95A) For mental rehabilitation, see 57T; For social rehabilitation, see 92C and 91K. s - Para sitol ogy: Parasites and parasitism. Host-parasite interactions; Vectors of parasites; Parasitic diseases and their epidemiology; Life cycles of parasites. (See also 57H, 57K r and 57P) °« Pathology: Studies of i-he nature of human diseases. Changes in tissues and organs which cause or are caused by diseases, trauma or injuries; Gross pathology: Histopathology; Cy topathology ; Pathophysiology ; Comparative and experimental pathology; Histological techniques. For plant diseases, see 930; For animal diseases, see- 98E; For diagnosis and treatment . of. diseases, see 57E; For immunopathology, see 57J. p » Pest control: Agents and methods for the control of plant and animal pests. Pesticides, algicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscacides, fungicides, rodenticides, etc.; Repellants and attractants; Fumigation and extermination; Traps; Biological pest control. (See also 68E and 98C) For ecological aspects of pest control, see 57H. 43 57. MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (continued) 0- Pharmacology and pharmacological chemistry: Synthesis, composition, properties, and effects of drugs. Pharmacy; Pharmacodynamics. (See also 57Y) For social effects of druqs, see 91C and 92C. R - Psychophysiology: The measurement of physiological responses such as visual and auditory perception, heart rate, respiration, and brain waves, as related to behavior. Biofeedback. (See also 57T and 92B) s « Physiol ogy: Functions of the human organism and its parts, and comparative physiology; Metabolism; Endocrinology; Neurophysiology; Respiration; Biological rhythms; Acclimatization; Growth; Aging; Regeneration. (See also 57B, 57F, 57J, 57L, 571?) For plant physiology, see 57C; For animal physiology, see 57z and 98F; For psychophysiology, see 57P and 92B; For electrophysiology, see 571; For pathophysiology, see 570; T « Psychiatry : Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Psychopat hology; Psychoanalysis; Neuropsychiatry; Orthopsychiatry; Psychotherapy. Includes clinical psychology. For psychological mechanisms and processes, see 92B. 0. Public heal th, and industrial medicine: Protection and improvement of community health. Conditions and effects of industrial environments on humans. Public health programs and services; Epidemiology; Toxic and infectious disease control; Preventive medicine; School health programs; Health statistics. Health screening; The effects of environments on public health; Health education; Drinking water quality; Industrial hyqiene, safety engineering, and occupational diseases and injuries in settings such as factories, and office and commercial buildings; Detection equipment; Industrial safety equipment. (See also 94D, 94H, and 68G) For occupational health planning, see also 44G. V. Radio biol og y : Biological effects of radiation. Dosimetry; Health physics; Prophylaxis and therapy of radiation sickness and injury; Radiation hazards; Radiation protection. Includes electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and particle radiation. (See also 68F and 99E) For radioecology, see 57E. 57H; For nuclear medicine, radiology and radiotherapy, see 57E. w - Stre ss physiolo gy : Effects of extreme environments or stimuli on biological proceses; Physiological effects of motion, gravity, sound, temperature, magnetism, pressure, sensory deprivation, and fatigue. Includes aerospace and underwater medicine. (See also 51B, 57H, and 84) For plants, see 57C; For animals, see 57Z. 44 57. HEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (continued) *• Surgery : Treatment of diseases by manual or operative techniques. Organ and tissue transplantation; Pre and post management of surgical patients; Experimental surqery. (See also 95A and 95B) Por dental surgery, see 57G; For surqical services, see 44; For histocompatibility, see 57J. 7. Toxicolo gy: Study of the adverse effects of substances on biological systems and the diagnosis and treatment of toxic diseases. Toxicity studies; Antidotes. (See also 57Q) For plant toxicity, see 57c. z » Zoology : Animal anatomy and physiology; Natural history; Animal behavior; Taxonomy. (See also U7D, U8B and 98F) For animal models used in biomedical research, see the research discipline; For laboratory and domesticated animal care, see 98E; For animal diseases, see 98E. #. General: 45 62. COMPUTERS, CONTROL AND INFORMATION THEORY *• Computer hardwar e: Design and development of computers and peripheral equipment, including analog computers, digital computers, hybrid computers, special purpose computers, minicomputers, microcomputers; Computer accessories, supplies and installation: Logic circuits; Computer network hardware. For fire control computers, see also 79F; For navigation computers, see also 76C; For industrial process control computers, see also 9UA. B. Computer software : Computer programming; Programming languages; Compilers; Data base management systems; Subroutines. For computer programs applied to a specific application, see the field of application. C. Control systems and control theo ry: Theoretical studies of open-loop and closed-loop control systems; Automatic control systems; Principles including adaptive, continuous, digital, distributed parameter, linear, multivariable, nonlinear, optional, predictive, and proportional; Process controllers. For control systems applied to a specific application, see the field of application. D« Informat ion process i ng standards : Standards that are developed to provide for the economic and effective use of automatic data processing eguipment and systems, including standards for hardware, software, applications, and data; Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) • E. Information theory ; Theoretical studies relating to the measurement and transmission of information in a communication channel, including coding theory, information capacity, detection of signals in noise. (See also U5G) F. Pattern recog n ition and image pro cessing. Includes feature extraction; Image enhancement; Image restoration; Scene analysis; character recognition. 0m Genera l: 46 63. DETECTION AND COONTEEHEASORES A. Acoustic de tec tion ; Techniques and equipment used for the detection and tracking of objects by means of sound waves, including ultrasonic and infrasonic radiation; Sonar. For acoustic testing, see 94; For chemical detection, see 99A; For detection techniques applied to meteorology, astronomy, oceanography, medicine, and manufacturing, see 55, 54, 47, 57, and 94 respectively. B. electromagnetic sig . detection, surveillance, guidance, and communication systems; Radar jamming; Chaff; Countercountermeasures. (See also 74) C. I nfrared and u lt raviole t detecti on: Techniques and equipment for the detection and tracking of objects by infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Infrared night vision devices; Infrared homing. (See also 76B) For earth resource surveys, see 48c and 98G; For mapping, see 481; For photography, see 82B; For chemical detection, see 99A; For nondestructive testing, see 94J; For detection techniques applied to meteorology, astronomy, oceanography, medicine, and manufacturing, see 55, 54, 47, 57, and 94 respectively. D. Mag netic dete c tion ; Techniques and eguipment for the detection of objects by means of magnetic fields. For geomagnetism, see 48. E » Nuclear explosion detection; Techniques and equipment for the detection of nuclear explosions at hiqh altitude, underqround, and in space. Includes the use of shock waves, earth movement, and measurement of nuclear radiation levels. (See also other applicable subcategories in 63, especially 631.) '• Optical detec t io n: Techniques and equipment for the detection by means of light. Includes the use of binoculars, periscopes, telescopes, and night vision devices for object detection, and smoke particle detectors. (See also 46C) For detection only using infrared or ultraviolet radiation, see 63C; For earth resources surveys, see 48C and 93G; For chemical detection, see 99A; For photography, see 82B; For detection techniques applied to meteorology, astronomy, oceanography, medicine, and manufacturing, see 55, 54, 47, 57, and 94 respectively. G. Personnel detectio n: Techniques and equipment for the detection of personnel. Includes the use of acoustic, seismic, olfactory, chemical and optical detectors; Antiintrusion devices; Burglar alarms. 47 63. DETECTION AND COONTEFMEASUR ES (continued) H- Fadiof re guency,, dete ct i on: Techniques and equipment for the detection and tracking bv means of radiof requency waves; Radar; Microwave detection; {See also 76) For mapping, see U8I; For detection techniques applied to meteorology, astronomy, oceanography, medicine, and manufacturing, see 55, 54, 47, 57, and 94 respectively. I- Se i smic detec tion: Techniques and equipment for the detection of objects by means of seismic waves. For earthquake detection, see 48F. For seismic prospecting, see 48A. ?>• General : 48 68. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL *• Air pollution a nd control : Air pollution from flue gases, exhaust gases, odors, dust, smog, microorganisms, etc.; Control technigues and eguipment; Sampling and analytical techniques, and eguipment; Waste gas recovery; Biological and ecological effects; Air pollution chemistry; Atmospheric motion; Laws; Public administration; Economics; Land use. (See also 43F, 57, 85, 91A, 97R, 99A. For the effects on human health, see 68G; For pesticides and radioactive contaminants, see also 68E and 68F respectively. B » Noise poll uti on and contr ol: Pollution in the environment by noise from any source including engine noise, traffic and transportation noise, machining noise, industrial noise, urban noise, sonic boom; Theory and devices for control; Biology and ecology; Detection; Building technology; Laws; Public administration; Land use. (See also 43F, 57, U6A, 85, 89, 91A, 94D, 97R) For effects on human health, see also 68G. C. So lid wa stes po llutio n a nd contro l: Pollution by solid wastes including garbage, scrap, junked automobiles, spoil, sludge, containers; Disposal methods such as composts, injection wells, incineration, sanitary landfills; Mining wastes; Processing for separation and materials recovery; Utilization; Recycling; Laws; Biological and ecological effects; Public administration; Economics; Land use. Includes disposal of concentrated or pure liguids such as brines, oils, and chemicals. (See also 43F, 57, 91A, 97R) For the effects on human health, see also 68G; For the disposal of pesticides and radioactive contaminants, see also 68E and 68F respectively; For the controlled disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear reactors, see 77G. D. Water pollution and control : Pollution by municipal wastes, agricultural wastes, industrial wastes, mine waters, radioactive contaminants; Chemistry and analysis of pollutants; Thermal pollution; Oil pollution; Control techniques and equipment; Sewage treatment; Hydrology and limnology; Biological and ecological effects; Waste water reuse; Laws; Public administration; Economics; Land use. (See also U3F, 47, 48G, 57, 91A, 97R, 98, 99A) For the design and construction of sewers, and drinking water treatment, see 50B; For pollution by pesticides and radioactive contaminants, see also 68E and 68F respectively; For the effects on human health, see also 68G. E » Pest ici des poll uti on and control: Pollution by insecticides, herbicides, fungicides; Decomposition studies; Analysis and detection: Soil chemistry and biology; Adverse biological effects; Ecology; Laws; Public administration; Economics. (See also 57, 68A, 68C, 68D, 91A, 98, 99A) For effects on human health, see also 68G. 49 68. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL (continued) P. gadiation pollution and co ntrol; Involves pollution of the environment by particle and electromagnetic radiation from natural and man-made sources, including neutrons. X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, microwaves, alpha particles; Sampling and analytical techniques; Fallout; Bioloqical and ecological effects; Laws; Public administration; Economics. (See also 57, 68A, 68C, 68D, 91A, 97R) For the effects on human health, see also 68G; For the controlled disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear reactors, see Category 77. G. Environmental health and safet y; Effects of pollution on public health and safety; Toxicology; Industrial health; Physiology; Psychology; Clinical medicine; Radiobioloqy; Animals used as research experimental models. (See also 57, 68A, 68B, 68C, 68D, 91A, 94D. 97R) For pollution effects on plants and animals, see narrower categories in 68. H » Environmental impact statement s; Only actual draft or final statements are posted in this subcategory. Environmental impact statements describing national effects are posted not only here, but also to other appropriate subcategories. For studies about Environmental impact statements, see 680. #• General: studies covering all types of pollution. 50 70. ADMINISTRATION A. In ventory con t rol : Inventory analysis; Inventory models; Obsolescence; Repair-replaceaent tradeoffs; Spare parts; Stock level control; Usage prediction; Warehouse automation; Stockpiling. B. Ma n agement practice : Theory and concepts of manaqeaent including record keeping, planning, scheduling, organization, coordination, decision making, policy making; Cost effectiveness; Systems management; Contract management; Hanagement methods (PERT, PPB, etc.); Management games. Applied studies of general interest are included. For research aanagement, see 70E. C. Manageme nt information systems; Information systems which include data collection, data processing, and information delivery for use in decision makinq and evaluation by aanagers; Manual and automated systems. (See also 38B) D. Personnel manag eme nt, labor relations, and manpower studies; Selection, recruitment, aanageaent, utilization, and evaluation of personel; Job descriptions; Job analysis; Salary administration; Labor supply; Labor; anions; Arbitration and bargaining; Industrial relations, fringe benefits, and incentives; Manpower allocation reguirements and utilization. (See also 83D) For job training and utilization, see 92A. B . Research program adm inistration and technology transfer : Research management, developaent, and forecasting; Research contract management; Research needs; Technology transfer and forecasting. F « Publ ic admi nistrat ion and government: National, state, and local government structure, operation, and administration. Operations of government agencies and their interactions; Federal assistance programs. (See also 43, 91G, 91H) £. Gene ral : 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES A « Ablative materials and ^ablation: Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Ablation processes and chemistry; Reentry vehicle heat shields. For production planning, see 94. B. Adhesives and sealants: Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing; Equipment directly related to processing; Adhesives; Glues; Binders; Sealants; Seals; Gaskets. See also 71L and 94G. For concrete cements, see 50C and R9G; For propellant binders, see 79A and 81L. For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketinq see 96; For production planning, see 94. c » Carbon and graphite ; Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Carbon and graphite fibers and textiles; Charcoal; Carbon black. Carbon and graphite coatings. (See also 71A, 71E, 71F, 711, 71L, 94G) For carbon and graphite composites, see 71F; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. D. Cer amics , ref ractories f and glas s: Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; Glasses; Brick; Porcelain; Ceramic coatings; Ceramic fibers; Cements. (See also 71E, 711, 71L and 94G) For concretes and cements, see 50C and 89G; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planninq, see 94. £• Coatings, c o lorants, and fi n i shes: Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; equipment directly related to processing; Paints, primers; Varnishes; Corrosion resistant coatings; Coating pigments; Carbon, ceramic, plastic, rubber and metal coatings; Electroplating; Electrodeposition; Flame and plasma spraying; Vapor deposition. (See also 71G, 71L, and 94G) For surface treatment not involved with coatings, see 94G; For dielectric and semiconducting films, see 46 and 49; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. F. Composite ma terials: Waterials composed of two or more physically distinct constituents. Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; 52 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES (continued) Reinforced plastics, graphite or carbon composites; Laminates: Hetal matrix composites; Fiber and particulate composites. (See also 71L and 94G) For wood composites, see 71R; For concrete and reinforced concrete, see 50C and 89G; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. G » Corrosio n a nd corro sion inhibition; Unwanted chemical reaction effects on metals. Corrosion of metals; Rusting; Corrosion inhibitors; Corrosion resistant coatings; Corrosion electrochemistry. (See also 71E and 71L) For cavitation erosion, see 71L; For concrete corrosion, see 50C and 99G. H. Elastomer s; Physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Eguipment directly related to processing; studies of individual structural members; Rubbers; Additives; Curing agents; Elastomer polymerization. (See also 71E, 711, 71L, 94G and 99C) For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. I. Fibers and text i les ; Physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods. Eguipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; Glass, Carbon, ceramic, metal, and polymeric fibers; Threads; Yarns; Textile and fiber finishing including dyeing and sizing; Flame resistance. (See also 71L and 94G) For fiber composites, see 71F; Por pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. J » Iron and iron a llo ys; Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Eguipment directly related to processing,; Studies of individual structural members; Microstructstructure; Phase studies; Coatings; Fibers; Extractive metallurgy; refining; Embrittlement ; Includes only alloys containing more than 50* iron. (See also 71E, 711, and 71L) For corrosion, use 71G; For benef iciation, use 48A; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. K. Lubrican t s a nd hyd r aul i c fluid s: Physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Manufacturing; Eguipment directly related to processing: Solid and liguid lubricants; Additives; Greases; Drilling fluids; Brake fluids; Chemical synthesis. (See also 71L) For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. 53 71. MATERIALS SCIENCES (continued) materials degrada tion ani fouling; Aging; Erosion; Wear; Weathering; Decay; Effects of radiation on materials; Biodeterioration, including fundus deterioration. (See also 71C, 71D, 71F r 71H, 711, 7ij, 71K, 71N, 710, and 71R) Miscellaneous m a terial s: Raterials not included in another group including leather, fur, refrigerants, waxes. Physical, nechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members. (See also 9UG) For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning see 94. Wonferrous met a ls and alloy s; Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; fabrication and manufacturing methods; Eguipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; Hicrostructure; Phase studies; Coatings; Fibers; Extractive metallurgy; fiefining; Embrittlement ; Studies not specifying the type of metal. (See also 71E, 711 and 71L) For metal fabrication, see also 94G; For corrosion, use 71G; For beneficiation, use 48A; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. Plastics ; Physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Eguipment directly related to processing; studies of individual structural members; Additives; Curing agents; Plastic coatings: Plastic polymerization. (See also 71E, 71L, 9UG, and 99C) For plastic composites, use 71F; For polymeric fibers, use 71E; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. Refractory metals and alloy s; Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; Hicrostructure; Phase studies; Coatings; Fibers; Extractive metallurgy; Refining; Embrittlement; Includes only the following metals and alloys having more than 50% of these metals; Iridium, molybdenum, niobium (columbium) , osmium, rhenium, tantalum and tungsten. (See also 71E, 711, 71L) For ■etal fabrication, see also 94G; For corrosion use 71 G; For beneficiation, use 48A; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; For production planning, see 94. Solvents, cleaners, and abrasives ; Physical and chemical properties; Performance; Manufacturing; Eguipment directly 54 71. HATEBIALS SCIENCES (continued) related to processing; Cleaninq compositions; Solvents; Detergents; soaps, abrasives; Cleaning action of these materials. For cleaning techniques, use 94G; Por pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketing, see 96; Por production planning, see 94. *• Wood and paper product s; Physical, mechanical, and structural properties; Performance; Fabrication and manufacturing methods; Equipment directly related to processing; Studies of individual structural members; Sawing and milling; Lumberinq; Plywood, particle and fiber board; Wood product fabrication. (See also 9UG) For forestry and tree production, use 48B; For pollution studies, see 68; For industry economics and marketinq, see 96; Por production planning, see 94. 0. General: 55 72. MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES A - Algebra and cumbe r t heory : Field theory (Algebra) ; Group theory; Modules (Mathematics) ; Multilinear algebra; Number theory; Prime factors; King theory; Theory of equations; Vector spaces. B. Analysis ( M athematics ) ; Calculus; Calculus of variations; Complex variables; Differential equations; Fourier analysis; Functional analysis; Functions (Mathematics) ; Measure and integration. C. Geometry ; Differential geometry; Euclidean geometry; Tensor analysis; Topology; Trigonometry. D. Mathemat ical logic; Foundations of mathematics; Lattices (Mathematics) ; Metamathematics; Set theory; Threshold logic. E. Operations research ; Game theory; Queueing theory; Management games; Mathematical models; Mathematical programming. Network flows; Search theory. F. Statistical analys is: Analysis of variance; Discriminate analysis; Factor analysis; Nonparametric statistics; Regression analysis; Statistical decision theory; Statistical distributions; Statistical inference; Statistical quality control; Statistical tests. 0. Genera l; 56 74. MILITARY SCIENCES A. Antia ircraft de fen se systems: Tactical and terminal countermeasures against attacking aircraft that includes tracking and computing equipment, antiaircraft guns, rockets, and missiles. For specific missiles and rockets, see also 75. B. Antimiss ile defense systems: Point and terminal defense and countermeasures against air, surface, or underwater-launched missiles, bombardment satellites. Includes land based and shipborne tracking and computing systems. C. Antisubmarine _ war fa re: Operations conducted against submarines, their supporting forces and operating bases. Includes air, surface, and underwater operations. (See also 63) D. Chemical, biological, i and radiological warfare: Design, development, and utilization of chemical, biological, and radiological weapons; Production, generation, and stability of lethal and non-lethal agents; Biological agents including anticrop and defoliating agents. For nuclear weapons, see 74H. E » Logistics, mili tar y facilities, and supplies: Procurement, storage, distribution, issue, repair, and replacement of military eguipment; Deployment of troops and cargo; Industrial mobilization; Stock level controls and inventory techniques. For related civilian studies, see 70 and 94. F « Military i nte lligence: Technigues for collecting, evaluatinq, and disseminating information concerning foreign nations. Includes damage assessment; Surveillance and reconnaissance systems. G. Military operation s, s trategy, and tactics: Joint and combined operations, campaigns, battles, invasions, theater operations; Planning, analysis, appraisal, and threat evaluation; Methods of attack and support; Armed Forces maneuvers; Limited and unconventional warfare;" Sabotage, insurgency, and coun terinsurgency ; Guerrilla warfare; Psychological and cold warfare. H * Nuclear warf are: Design, development, and application of nuclear weapons and devices; Studies of the physical effects of nuclear weapons; Arms control. For nuclear guided missile warheads, see also 75F. I. Passive defense, systems: Systems, structures, and devices to provide area monitoring security and denial. Includes camouflage, barbed wire, minefields, warning systems, barriers, and other antiintrusion devices. (See also 911) 9. General : 57 75. MISSILE TECHNOLOGY ft. Air and space-launc hed missiles: Design, construction and performance of missiles launched from aircraft or spacecraft. B. Mi ssile gu idanc e a nd cont rol systems: Techniques for quidance and control of missiles from launching to impact. Includes optical guidance, television guidance, wire guidance, preset and terminal guidance, inertial guidance, command guidance, and homing guidance. C. Missile launch ing ==nd support systems; Missile handling and launching, includes transportation, storage, and preparation for launching; Air, space, surface, and underwater launching and support equipment and technigues; Checkout eguipment and procedures; Guided missile ranges. D. Mi ssile Trac king, syste ms: Technigues and systems for trackinq missiles as defensive measures. Can be from surface installations or air and spaceborne platforms. For antimissile defense systems, see 7UB. £• Mi s sile trajectories a nd reentr y dyna mics: Determination, analysis, and processing of missile trajectory data; Flight path analysis; Impact Drediction; Atmospheric reentry. Includes aerodynamic studies. For spacecraft reentry, see 8UD. F. Missile warhe ads and fuz es: Design and performance of all types of missile warheads and fuzes - chemical, biological, nuclear and explosive. For rocket warheads and fuzes, see 79H. G. Surface-la unched missiles: Design, construction, and performance of missiles launched from the ground, surface platforms, vehicles, silos, and surface ships. H. Dnderwa ter-launched missi les: Design, construction, and performance of missiles launched from underwater. 0. Ge nera l: 58 76. NAVIGATION GUIDANCE, AND CONTROL A» Control d evic e s and equipment : Navigation and guidance control equipment. (See also 76C) B. Guidance systems; Design, development, and performance of complete guidance systems. Includes integration of specific components and subsystems necessary to assure course positioning. c - Navigation and guida nc e systems components: Gyros, radiators, sensors, indicators, etc., used in navigation of aircraft, ships, spacecraft, and ground vehicles; Navigation computers. D » Navigation s ystem s: Design, development, and performance of complete navigation systems; The integration of specific components and subsystems necessary in direction finding (position, distance, and course of travel) ; Global navigation systems. (See also 85F) 0. General: 59 77. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A » Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) : Theory, design, construction, and operation of devices for producing controlled thermonuclear fusion reactions. (See also U6G) B. Isotopes : Identification, separation, concentration and applications of radioactive isotopes. (Use also field/grouD of application.) Includes isotopic irradiation devices. (See also 99E) For radioactive isotopes polluting the environment, see 68F. c - Nuclear aux il iary po wer sys tems: SNAP technology, both isotopic and reactor. D « Nucle ar explosions a nd devices : Explosion effects, includinq shock waves, ground motion, electromagnetic pulses, primary radiation, injection of charged particles into radiation belts; Testing of nuclear devices (including nuclear simulation usinq chemical explosives); Peaceful applications (e.g., Plowshare). For effects on communications and electronics systems, see pertinent field/group; For military applications, see 7UH. E « Nuclear instrumenta tion: Nuclear radiation detection and measurement devices and systems. For health physics instrumentation, see 57V. F. Radiation sh ie ldin g, p rotection and saf e ty : Shielding design, nuclear radiation transport properties of materials, decontamination, nuclear safety engineering procedures, and alarms; Container design and transportation requirements for radioactive materials; Fallout shelters. (See also 911) G. Radioactive was tes and radioactivit y: Separation, processing, handling, storage, disposal and reuse of radioactive wastes; Radioactive fallout; Fission products; Natural radioactivity. For radiation pollution, see 68F. H- Reactor engi neering and nuclear p ower plants : Engineering related directly to the design and operation of a reactor. Research and test reactors. (See also 77C) For critical assemblies and reactor simulation, see 77K; Integrated assemblage, including reactor and turbogenerator equipment, plus control and regulatory devices of a nuclear power plant, either mobile or stationary; Includes site selection and feasibility studies. I. Reactor fuels and fuel process ing; Production, testing, design, or reclamation of nuclear fuel materials, reactor fuel elements (includes cladding) and fuel assemblies. Includes nuclear fuel cycle studies for nuclear materials management. 60 77. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (continued) For processing of nonrecoverable fuel aaterials and fuel contaminants, see 77G. J. Reactor material s; Production, testing, design, or reclamation of coolants, control materials, moderators, structural materials, and shielding materials. Includes fabricated elements or assemblies and specific configurations. Por fuel materials, cladding, or fuel assemblies, see 771. Excludes power generating equipment. K. Reactor physics; Reactor kinetics, reactor theory, neutron transport theory, and criticality. Includes critical assemblies and reactor simulators. £• General ; 61 79. ORDNANCE A. Ammuniti on, explosives , a nd pyrotechn ics; Projectiles, fuzes, demolition explosives, detonators, grenades, land mines, hiqh explosives, orimers, powder and liquid propellants, flame throwers, and equipment for handling these items; Production, performance, storage stability of incendiaries, pyrotechnics, screening agents (smokes) , etc. For nuclear weapons, see 7UH; For rocket propellants, see 81. B. Armo r: Design, testing, and performance of armor and armor plate including bullet proof, flak proof, explosion proof, and fragment, proof devices and related equipment. For other typss of protective devices, see the application. C. Bombs : High-explosive, fragmentation, antipersonnel, armor piercing, incendiary, napalm, general purpose, and similar types of bombs; Bomb handling equipment; Storage. For bomb directors and bomb release mechanisms, see 79F. For nuclear bombs, see 7UH. D- Combat vehicles : military vehicles including armored wheeled and track-laying vehicles, tanks and reconnaissance vehicles, trucks, gun carriers; Components and accessories. (See also 85H) E. Detonati ons, ex plosio n effects, a nd ball i st ics: Explosion effects (except nuclear) such as blast, shock waves, detonation waves, cratering, earth motion or movement, heat, etc. ; Interior, exterior, and terminal ballistics; The study of motion, behavior, and aerodynamics of projectiles thrown or launched by ordnance projectors; Includes target vulnerability and damage assessment studies. For nuclear explosion effects, see 77D. F. Fi r e control and bom bin g systems: Fire control computers, sights, directors, range finders, gunlaying, bombing radar systems, boresighting, bomb releases, and other devices used specifically for directing the firing of weapons or the dropping of bombs. G. Guns : Small arms, automatic weapons, antipersonnel weapons, recoiless weapons, mortars, artillery and naval guns, their accessories and components; Gun carriages, gun mounts, remote control eguipment, etc. For ballistic studies,, see 79E. H. Rockets : Dnguided, self-propelled projectiles whose trajectory or course cannot be altered after launch; Ground launched, air launched, or ship launched rockets, launchers, and launch support equipment. For sounding rockets, see 55D. 62 79. ORDNANCE (continued) I. Underwater ordnanc e: Torpedoes, submarine nines, depth charges, hydrobombs, antisubmarine ammunition, etc.; Launching devices and support equipment. 9* stasial: 63 81. PROPULSION AND PROPELLANTS A. Combust ion and ignition: Autoignition, ignition, and combustion; Flame studies; Combustion products studies; Ignition systems; Combustion chemistry; Flammability Studies. B. Electric a nd ion pr opulsion : All types of engines deriving power from free ions and electrons. Includes ion, plasma, and arc jet systems; Propulsion by means of solar wind. For electrically propelled surface vehicles, see 85. c « Puel and prop ellant + ank s: Design, performance, and testing of fuel and propellant tanks including those for automobiles, petroleum products and rocket propellants. D. Jet and ga s turbine engines: Design, performance, and testing of all types of jet and gas turbine engines, their components, engine nozzles, etc; Includes hydroduct and turboprop engines. (See also 97L) E « Liguid pro pella nt rocket engines: Design, performance, and testing of liguid propellant rocket engines and their components. F « Liguid rocket prop ellants: Production, handling, stability, performance of all-liquid rocket propellants including fuels and oxidizers. For combustion and ignition see also 81A. G - Miscellaneo us rocket engines and motor s: Design, performance, and testing of rocket engines and motors other than those covered in 81E or 81K. H. Miscellane ous rocket propellants: Production, handling, stability, performance of thixotropic and exotic propellants, other than those covered under 81F or 81L. *• Nuclear pr opul sion : Design, performance and testing of nuclear engines for surface, air, and space propulsion. (See also 85) J - Recipr oca t ing and rotating combustion engi nes: Design, performance, and testing of reciprocating and rotating engines of various configurations for all types of propulsion; Includes internal and external combustion engines; Engine exhaust systems; Engine air systems components; Engine structures. (See also 97L) K » Solid propellant rocket motors : Design, performance, and testing of solid rocket motors and their components. L « Solid rock e t pr opellants: Production, handling, stability, performance of all-solid rocket propellants, including fuels, oxidizers, additives and binders. For combustion and ignition, see also 81A. 64 81. PROPULSION AND PROPELLANTS (continued) £• saaaxals 65 32, PHOTOGRAPHY AND RECORDING DEVICES A. Ho lograph y: Techniques, materials, and uses of holography and holograms; Acoustic holography. (See also U6C) B » Photographic techni ques and equipme nt: Photographic techniques, including aerial photography, color photoqraphy, astronomical photography, cinematography, photomicrography, Schlieren photography; Cameras, lenses, shutters, projectors, photographic processes, photographic materials, etc. : Microphotography. Photographic copying; Direct recording and reproduction of visual images; Copying, Electrostatic reproduction, facsimile replication, photochromic replication, photoconductive replication, thermography, etc.; Printinq, lithography, and related arts; Graphic arts includinq mechanical drawing, illustrating, visual design. For photogrammetrv, see 6UA. C. Recording devices: Techniques and devices for recording other than visual images. Includes disk, magnetic, thermoplastic, electrostatic recording systems, and playback equipment such as record players, tape recorders, etc. 0. General 66 81*. SPACE TECHNOLOGY A. As t ronautic s; Space missions; Projects and logistics; Orbital rendezvous; Space exploration; Spacecraft operating problems; Extravehicular activity. B - Extrater r estrial exploratio n; Space probe exploration; Space landings; Space construction and maintenance; Extravehicular activity on other planets. C. Manned spacecraft ; Design and construction of manned spacecraft, space stations, aerospace planes and their components. D. Spacecraf t trajectories a nd fl igh t mechani cs; Determination, analysis, processing of spacecraft trajectory data; Space mechanics; Orbital calculations; Flight path analysis; Atmosphere entry; Reentry dynamics. E. Space launch ve hicles and suppor t equ ipment; Handling and launching including transportation, storage, preparation for launching, countdown, launching equipment, checkout equipment, ground support equipment; Spacecraft trackinq systems; Trackinq networks; Recovery support. F. Sp ace safet y; Safety measures and devices directed toward reducing the hazards of spaceflight. G * Unm anned spacecraft; Design and construction of unmanned spacecraft including space probes, scientific satellites, military satellites, communication satellites, reconnaissance satellites, navigational satellites. £• General ; Extraterrestrial biology and chemistry. 67 85. TRANSPORTATION A. Air tran sportation: Oneration of systems for transport by air. Civil aviation; Airports and airport access; Airline operations; Air routing; Air traffic control systems; Multimodal systems; Aviation safety and aviation accidents; Aircraft fires. (See also U3G, 74E, 76, 85D, 91B) For design of aircraft and components, see 51. For runway construction and design, see 50B. C. Metropolitan rail tra nsport ati on; Urban rail transit; Underground and above ground rapid transit railways; Subways including BART and Metro rail systems; Automated guideway transit systems; Tracked air cushion vehicles. (See also 851 and <51B) D. Transportat io n safet y: Safety and accidents involving air, land, and water transportation; Accident studies and prevention; Alcohol related studies; Breakaway barriers and structures; standards and testing of components and equipment; Crash worthiness; Traffic safety; Collision research; Safety equipment and devices. (See also 91B) For pipeline accidents, see 85B. £• Pipeline transportati on: Transportation of liquids, qases, and slurries through long-distance pipelines; Accidents and safety. F - Global navi gation sy stems : Worldwide navigational aids to transportation. (See also 76D) 5. Marine a nd waterway , transportatio n: Shipping; Safety and accidents; Safety equipment; Cargo handling and equipment; Carqo movement; Passenger movement; Traffic control; Boatinq; Trade routes; Shipborne containerization. (See also 43G, 74E, 76, 85D) For marine engineering, see 47A; For waterway engineering, see 50B. H. Boad transportatio n: Passenger and cargo movement; Desiqn and standards for vehicles and components; Safety engineering; Safety devices; Traffic and road safety; Collision research; Accident studies; Highway traffic; Traffic engineering; Passenger and cargo vehicles; Trailers; Motorcycles; Bicycles and bikeways; Hiking trails. (See also U3G, 50A, 74E, 85D, ana 91B) !• Railroad transportati on: Safety and accidents; Safety equipment; Cargo handling and equipment; Carqo movement; Passenqer movement; Traffic control; Terminals; Amtrak; Track studies; Rolling stock; Scheduling; Railroad enqineerinq and equipment. (See also 43G, 85D, 91B) 0. General : 68 88, LIBRARY AND INPORHATION SCIENCES *• Operations and pl an n ing; Acquisition, classification, cataloging, abstracting, and indexing; Circulation and reference systems; Interlibrary loans; Distribution; Manual and computerized information retrieval; Individual libraries and information centers, Por library or information networks, see 88B. B. Information system s; Communication networks; Library and information centers; Networks; Operations and planninq of these systems; Pile maintenance and management; Data base management; Applied information systems (Management, medical, transporta- tion, etc.) (See also UUT, 62, 70C) Communications and computer networks are cross referenced to U5C and 62. Por data base management, see also 62B. C. Marketing an d user servi ces; Oser needs, surveys; Promotion; Pees. D. Personne l: Training and education; Selection; Management; Performance; Schools and accreditation. (See also 70D) E. Reference materia ls: Bibliographies; Directories; Glossaries; Catalogs; Thesauri; Indexes; Abstract and title periodicals. #. Genera l: Includes general studies on microforms; Pilm readers; Copyrights; Privacy Act; Report writing. 69 99. BUILDING INDDSTPY TECHNOLOGY B. Architectu ral d esign and environmental engineering: Architecture; Hunan engineering; Site surveys; Interior design; Lighting; Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning; Heat loss studies. Includes environmental engineering equipment. (See also 97J and 9UF) C. Construction ma nag ement and techniques : Excavation; Fabrication (Onsite and presite) ; Construction techniques. Reconstruction; Management including planning, manpower, and labor studies. D. Structural a nalyses ; Dynamics and statics of structures and structural members including kinetics, kinematics, vibration and stress analyses; Induced environmental stresses including earthquakes, wind, and flood; Foundation stresses; Soil- structure interactions. E. Buildin g stan dards and code s: Standards and codes for buildings, equipment, components, and materials. G. C onstruction m a teria ls, components , and eg uip ment; Plumbing: Siring; Insulation; Cement and concrete; Doors and windows; Vails; Joints; Beams; Construction eguipment such as bulldozers and cranes. Includes flammability and fire studies. (See also 50C) H. Building eguipm e nt, fu r nishings, and mainten ance; Equipment including security devices, elevators, and fire safety devices; Furnishings including major household appliances, rugs, and furniture; Maintenance including repair, pest control, and cleaning. For environmental engineering equipment, see 89B. £. General; 70 90 GOVERNMENT INVENTIONS FOB LICENSING A. Mechanic al device s and equipm ent; Devices and equipment for fnel ignition; Heating, illumination, and refrigeration; Cleaning; Printing; Product handling and transportation; Sprinklers; Fire extinguishers; Safety; Motor and other land vehicles; Earthworking and excavating; Tools; Jacks; Hydraulic and Pneumatic systems; Power transmissions; Couplinqs, fasteners, and joints; Piping; Drilling and mininq; Separators; Locks; Sewing machines; Winding and reeling; etc. B. Chemist ry: Organic and inorganic compounds; Batteries; Electrochemistry; Hydrocarbons; Lubricating compositions; Propellants and rocket fuels; Acids; Polymers; Plastics; Inks, Bleaching; Dyeing; Fertilizers; Food fermentation; Sugar and starch; Paper making; Textiles; Paints; Coatings (except metal coatings) ; Chemical reactors; etc, C. Nuclear technology ; Reactors; Radioactive materials; Nuclear instrumentation; Nuclear radiation safety; Nuclear power plants and reactor engineering; Nuclear fusion; Plasma devices; etc. &• Biology and medicin e; Drugs; Cosmetics; Prosthetics; Medical eguipment; Pesticide biology; Biological laboratory equipment; Life support equipment. E. Metallurgy: ^etal stock; Metal coatings; Holding, shapinq, and treating processes; Laminating; Glasses; Material shapinq; Sheet metal and wire working; Bonding and joining; Cutlery; etc. p - Elec tro techno logy: Antennas; circuits; Electromechanical devices; Electron tubes; Optoelectronic devices; Power and signal transmission devices; Resistive, capacitive and inductive components; Semiconductor devices; Information transmission, storage, and retrieval; Communications; etc. G. Instrum e nt s: Photographic equipment; Measurinq and testinq instruments and equipment; Acoustic devices; etc. H. Optics and las ers : Optical materials, components, equipment and systems. Infrared, visible, ultraviolet, and X ray lasers. *• Ordnance : Production and performance of projectiles, fuzes, explosive materials, pyrotechnics, and weapon systems. (Not limited to military applications.) Ordnance storage systems; Fire control systems; Weapons delivery systems; Missiles, rockets, and propellants directly related thereto; Weapons carriers (tanks, aircraft, ships, etc.) ; Guns; Laser weapons; Bombs. J « Food tec h nology ; Pasteurizing, curing, canning, dehydratinq, freezing, irradiation, freeze drying, etc., of foods and other 71 90 GOVEUNSEflT INVENTIONS FOR LICENSING (continued) agricultural products; Sanitation and fuaiqation of products; Food additives and preservatives; Analysis and inspection of products; storage, packaging, and display of products. 72 A. es 91. URBAN AND REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT Environmental management and planning: Air, water, noise and waste management and control: Monitoring services; Solid waste and recycling; Solid waste landfills; Water quality management; Environmental surveys; Design and operation of sewer systems (combined, etc.); Water supplies and services; Excludes natural resource management. (See also 68 and 4 3F) B. Transportation and traffic p lann ing: Planning for modes of public and private, passenger and cargo transportation; Travel patters and demand; Parking; Traffic engineering, traffic flow and control; Traffic surveys; Highway and street services; Rapid transit systems; Passenger transportation and planning; Pedestrian movement. (See also 43G and 85) c - Fire services, _law_enf qrcement and criminal justice: Fire, police and court services and their administration; Jaw enforcement and criminal justice; Crime and fire prevention; Personnel recruitment, training, and utilization; Parole; Work release; Correctional institutions. (See also 43D) D. Comm unications: Use and planning of communications; Mass media, emergency communications, public information. (See also 45) E. Housing : Surveys and assessments of existing housing; Planning and development; Building codes; Housing needs; Housing renovation; Public housing. *• Health s ervices: Urban health services. Emergency medical services; Mental health services; Nursing homes; Ambulatory health services; Hospital services; Public health services. (See also 43C, 43D, 44, and 911) G * Drban ad ministration and planning: General administration and planning; Feasibility studies; Taxation; Land use and zoning; Urban revitalization; Financing. (See also 43 and 70F) H. Regiona l adminis tr ation and planning: General administration and planning for county and regional areas that may also contain urban or urbanized areas; Intergovernmental relations and interactions (State, County, Local); Land use and zoning. (See also 43 and 70F) I. Emergency services and planning: Disaster services; Civil defense; Early warning systems and emergency preparedness for all types of disasters; Emergency weather services; Pollution alerts; Civil disturbances; Ambulance services; Flooding; Disaster relief. (See also 43D, 44, and 91F) J. Eco nomic stud ies: Economic analyses; Population-economy-income studies; Employment and earnings; Property values; Commercial 73 91. URBAN AND REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (continued) area studios. (See also U3B) For government finance, see 43A, 70F, 91G, 91H. K. Soc ial se rvices; Child care; Family and youth counseling; Social rehabilitation; Foster homes and adoption; Welfare and public assistance; Financial assistance; Food stamp services; Employment services; Legal services. (See also U3C, 91F, 92C) L. Recreatio n; Planning and administration; Facilities; Public opinion; Economic and social aspects; Safety aspects; Ose of recreational vehicles; Cultural activities; Soorts; Parks, including national parks. . General : 74 A. 92. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIETY Job training and career development: Vocational training; On job training; Retraining; Vocational rehabilitation; Use and design of training simulators and equipment; Instructional aids; Professional development; Career development. For curriculum development, see 92D. B. Psychology ; Human behavior; Personality; Intelligence; Learning ability; Judgment; Motivation; Perception; Job satisfaction; Leadership characteristics; Psychometrics; Adaptability; Social, industrial, group, organizational, interpersonal, and experimental psychology; clinical psychology; Psychophysiology. For the measurement of hearing, vision, heart rate, respiration and other physiological responses as related to behavior, see 57R. C. Social concer ns: Sociology and sociometrics; Race relations; Age group studies; Social rehabilitation of drug abusers, alcoholics, physically, emotionally, and mentally handicapped, offenders, etc.; Cultural and economic deprivation; Social discrimination; Social services including child care, welfare, counseling, financial assistance, and employment and unemployment services; Attitude studies. {See also 43C, 44, 91K) D. Education, law , and human ities : Formal education; School systems; Educational administration; Curricula; Instructional devices and materials including audiovisual; Teaching methods; Computer aided instruction; Laws; Linguistics; Machine translation; Fine arts; Archeology; History; Anthropology; Humanities. E« Internation al r elation s: Political and social indicators; Crises and crisis management; Conflict analysis; Foreign aid; Foreign policy and foreign affairs; International political • science; Disarmament and arms control; Includes international relationships concerning territorial seas, fishing, extradition, and natural resources. For international commerce, see 96C. 0. General : Includes general overall census studies. Political science. 75 93. NASA EARTH RESOURCES SURVEY PROGRAfl This category is only used with NASA sponsored studies by principal investigators that are announced within a few months of their release. A - Sig n ificant result s; LANDSAT reports containing significant results as identified by the author. B. In s ignificant resul ts; LANDSAT reports containing insignificant results as identified by the author but having five or more pages. C. Insignificant results ; LANDSAT reports containing insignificant results as identified by the author and having less than five pages. 0. General ; 76 9U. INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A. Production p lannin g and process controls: Materials control; Numerical controls and automation; Time and motion studies; Scheduling; Production controls and programming; Modelinq techniques and program controls; Inventory management. B. Quality co ntro l' an d reliability: Tolerances allocations; Maintainability requirements; Probability of satisfactory performance of components and equipment; Inspection methods; Reliability theory; Quality assurance. C. Plant design an d m aint enanc e: Site selection: Plant design; Layout; Maintenance management; Scheduled, routine, and corrective maintenance. D. Job environment : Industrial hygiene and occupational diseases and injuries in settings such as factories, and office and commercial buildings. Industrial psychology; Industrial sociology; Workplace layout and design; Worker interactions. (See also 44G, 570, and 92B) For industrial safety equipment and engineering, see 94H. B. Environment al engineering: Lightinq; Heating; Ventilating; Air conditioning. Includes environmental engineering equipment related to industrial use. (See also 39B and 97J) P. Tooling, mac h inery, an d tools: Machine subassemblies; Tools; Machinery including hoists, conveyors, and pumps. G. Manufactu ri ng proce s ses and mate rials handlin g; Fabrication, assembling, cleaning, and finishing; Industrial and manufacturing processes (limited to in-depth studies that directly discuss specific processes) ; Bonding and joining including gluing, welding, soldering, and brazing; Materials forming and machining; Heat treatment; Coating processes; Materials handling including palletizing, conveying, warehousing, storing, containerization, and packaging. (Se^ also 71) For processing and packaging of food, see 98H; For production of materials, see 71; For chemical engineering and processing, see 99B; For the beneficiation and processing of minerals, see 48A. H. Industrial Safety engineeri ng: Accident prevention; Safety measures; Fire prevention; Warning systems; Safety eguipment, structures, and clothing. For mine safety, see U8A; For ordnance safety, see 79A; For nuclear radiation safety, see 77; For transportation safety, see 35D. I. Hydraulic and p neum atic equipmen t: Design, production, performance, and testing of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, 77 9U. INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEEBING (continued) accumulators, actuators, compressors and distribution equipment; Fluidic and flueric devices. For hydraulic fluids, see 71K. J » Nondestructive t esting: Nondestructive testing havinq industrial application. Ultrasonic, radiographic, hydrostatic, magnetic, and optical nondestructive techniques and equipment; Nondestructive testing of flaws, thickness, opacity, strenqth. For destructive industrial testing, see 94B or 9tt0. 9* General: Includes Bearings; Mechanical elements; Pipes; Tubes; Levers; Cams; Springs; Mechanical fasteners; Clutches; Gears; Valves; Filters; Mechanical joints; Containers and packing materials; Refrigeration systems and equipment; Industrial furnaces and boilers; Heat exchangers; Heat pumps; Heat pipes. For rocket engine components, see 81; For fuel tanks, see 81C; For cooling towers, see 97J. 78 95. BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING *• prosthetics and mecha n ical org ans: Artificial limbs and limb braces; Facial prosthetics, including artificial eyes; Mechanical organs and mechanical hearts; Circulatory assist devices; Artificial kidneys, etc.; Biocompatible materials including tissue adhesives, tissue compatible materials, and antithrombogeni'c materials. For prosthodontics, see 57G. B. Tissue preser va tio n and sto rage; Preservation of organs, tissues, and blood for transplantation or transfusion to living organs; Blood and tissue banks; Properties and evaluation of preserved and stored materials. (See also 57J, 57s, 57X) C. Biomedi cal instrumentation and bioengineerinq: Design, use, and performance of biomedical eguipment; Biotelemetry including biotelemetry transducer and transmitter eguipment; Hospital eguipment and supplies; Eguipment for physiological monitoring; Diagnostic eguipment; Biomedical laboratory eguipment. (See also 95A) D « Human factors engineering ; Design of tools, instruments, eguipment, and machinery with emphasis on optimum utilization by humans; Habitability of work and living space; Ergonomics interaction of man and eguipment in terras of subsystem and system performance reguirements and evaluation. Encompasses manual controls, tactical kinesthesis, and other human sensory modalities involved in operation of eguipment and understanding of personnel subsystems; Man-machine systems. Includes anthropometric studies and protective eguipment and clothing. E. Life sup port systems: Eguipment and technigues for sustaining life in foreign environments, such as space, underground, and underwater; Closed ecological systems. For pressure suits, diving gear, oxygen masks, etc., see 95D. F. Bionics and arti fici al intelligence: Study of biological processes in order to develop engineering systems; Simulation of biological processes, including thought processes, by electronic eguipment; Comparative studies of control systems formed by the brain and nervous system and by mechanoelectrical communication systems, computers, etc. ; Electronic and electromechanical analogs of biological systems; Pattern recognition systems based on biological models; Biological applications of information theory. 9» G eneral : 79 96. BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS A. Dome stic commerce, i market ing , and economic s: Industrial costs and economics; Economic impacts of industries; Economic impacts on industries: Industrial statistics; Productivity; Labor supply and demand; Labor costs and economics; Inflation: Economic aspects of unemployment; Employment and unemployment statistics; Wage surveys; United States commerce; Wholesale and retail traie; Domestic market surveys; 3usiness and personal taxes; Income tax data; Franchising. (See also U3B, 70D, 91J) For minority enterprises, use 96E; For studies of individual plants or operations, see application; For economic impacts of individual plants or operations, see application; For regional economic development, see 43B and 91J. c » Intern ation al c omm er ce, mark eting, and economics: Foreign market surveys and research; International trade; Imports and exports; Customs and tariffs; Multinational businesses; Trends and forecastings. For international finance, see 96F. D Consumer aff airs: Consumer problems and protection. Truth in advertising; Commercial psychology; Product maintenance and reliability problems; Home appliances safety; Product comparison studies; Flammability studies; Motor vehicle recalls. E Mi n ority enterprises: Minority owned and operated businesses; Business training of minority groups; Franchising; Egual opportunities in business. F. Banking an d f inance : Investments; Credit; Banks and trust companies; Mortgage finance; Savings and loan associations; Security and commodity brokerage; Balance of payments; Gold and silver movements; Cash flow; Regulations. For government finance, see 43A, 70F, 91G, 91H. G. Foreign industry develop men t and eco nomics : Private and governmental industrial development in foreign countries including industrialized and developing countries; Foreign business and economics. For foreign market surveys and international trade, see 96C. 9* General: Includes economic theory; Business and economic census studies. 80 97, ENERGY A. R eserves : Natural reserves; Fuel stockpiles; Mineral and fossil fuel deposits including coal, uranium, petroleum, natural gas, geothermal, peat, and oil shale; Water power potential; Sit^ studies of wind power potential and solar radiation availability. For individual mine studies, see 48A. B. Energy use, supply, an d dem and; Electric power and fuel consumption and requirements; Supply and demand; Heat use, supply, and demand. E » Electric power transmission: Electric power distribution; Electric transmission lines and substations; Electric power pools; Wireless energy transmission. F « Fu e l conv ersion processes: Methods to convert a fuel to a different chemical form including coal gasification and liquefaction; Upgrading fuels by chemical synthesis. For petroleum refining, see 97K and 99B; For oil shale retorting and refining, see 97K and 99B. For environmental studies, see 97R. G - Policies, regulations, and studies: Energy conservation; Licensing; Legislation; Government policies and regulatory controls; Energy goals; Research needs; Energy management, economics, and financing; Depletion allowances and leasing policies; Rates and energy models; Energy shortages; International issues. I. El ectric po wer production: Design and operation of electric power plants; Commercial industrial and residential electric power production; Site surveys; Nuclear, hydro, solar, geothermal, and fossil fuel electric power plants; Power plant boiler. For solar and geothermal technology, see also 97^ and 97P; For some nuclear power plant studies, see 77 and 9-7Q; «For pollution control and environmental impacts, see 63 and 97R. J. Heat ing and cooling systems : Design and operation of space heating and cooling systems and equipment; Furnace and boiler studies when related to energy conservation and energy use; Cooling towers; MIUS technology; Total energy systems. (See also 97N) K » Fue ls: Production, performance, properties, storage, prices, and transportation of all types of solid, liguid and gaseous fuels; Chemical composition of fuels; Fuel compatibility; Hydrogen production; Refuse derived fuels; Fuel desulfurization ; Oil shale retorting; Petroleum refining; Fuel additives; Growing plants for fuels. For fuel tanks, see 81C; For nuclear fuels, see 77; For fuel conversion, see 97F; For rocket fuels, see 81. For supply and demand, see 97B. 81 B. 97. ENERGY (continued.) L. Engine studies (Energy related): Operation and design of enqines when related to enerqv conservation and energy use. Covers turbine, rotary, and reciprocating engines. Batteries and components: Electrochemical batteries of all types including alkaline cells, dry cells, metal-air batteries, primary cells, reserve batteries, storaqe batteries, thermal batteries, wet cells; Battery containers, depolarizers, electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and other components and materials; Battery chargers and testers; Battery electrochemistry. For thermoelectric and thermionic batteries, see 970. N * Solar ene rgy; Solar collectors, concentrators, and absorbers; Solar cells; Solar cookers, dryers, furnaces, generators; Solar heat engines; Solar heating and cooling systems; Solar power plants; Solar stills; Solar water heaters; Solar heat storage systems; Solar water pumps; Solar sea power plants; Orbital solar power plants; Optical coating and filters for solar devices; Solar energy policies, use, supply, trends, and economics. °- Miscellaneous, energy c onversio n: Fuel cells; Ha qnetohydrodynamics; Experimental electric generators; Turbogenerators; Heat storage; Mechanical conversion; Thermoelectric and thermionic conversion; Photovoltaic conversion (excludes solar cells) ; Wind power; Tidal power. For commercial, industrial, and residential use of energy conversion and storage devices, see 971 or 97J. P- Geothermal energy; Geothermal exploration and prospecting methods and equipment; Geothermal resources; Geothermal energy conversion; Geology applied to geothermal systems; Drillinq; Reservoirs; Extraction; Site selection; Geothermal power plants; Corrosion studies; Materials used in geothermal systems. Q. Selected studies in nuclear technology: Fe ports assigned to this subcategory are sub-jecti vely selected according to whether the report is of general interest to users worh:. ng in t he- energy field. For other subcategories covering nuclear field, see 77. E. Enviro nmen tal stud ies: Air, noise, water, and solid waste — ■■urn Hem ■ ■ in — a ii — — — »— »— ^— — HW»«MW WWWINi » w w » pollution and control, and from energy resource development, fuel production, energy production, and energy use; Environmental impacts of energy production and use. (See also 68) 0. Gene ral : 82 98. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD A. Agricultural c hemistry: The application of chemistry to agriculture. Fertilizer production; Soil chemistry; Chemistry of feeding stuffs; Chemical analysis; Crop chemistry; Biochemical studies. For food chemistry, see 98H. B « Agricultural economics; Economic conditions, markets, subsidies, and policies affecting agriculture; Farm management and finance; Land and labor economics; Prices and price controls. {See also 96) C • Agricultural eguipnent, facilities, and ope ra tions : auu uiscaoc \..um.iui tcouuxvj uca auu c^uxpuuuv., \~i.\j\j \j l u (.cl, u Crop drying and storage; Rural electrification; Farm water supplies; Irrigation systems; Farm safety; Farm construction and operation. (See also 57P) For food processing, see 98H. D. Agronomy, horticulture, and plant p athol ogy: Field crop production; Cultivation of orchards, gardens and nurseries; Plant biology; Plant breeding and propagation; Hydroponics. (See also 57C) E. Anim al h usbandry and veterinary .medicine: Production and care of domestic and wild animals. Breeding, feeding, management, rearing, testing and training; Pets; Animal pathology; Toxic effects on domestic animals; Animal guarantine; Disease resistance, control and treatment; Breeding, care, and utilization of laboratory animals. (See also 57Z) F » Fisheries and aguaculture: Fishing, fishing eguipment, and shipboard processing of fisheries products; Cultivation of fishes, shellfish, and algae in fresh or salt water for commercial or recreational use; Use of fish ladders and* weirs; Sport fishing. (See also 47D, U8B and 572) For fish processing, see 98H. G - Ag ricult ural resource s urve ys: Surveys to scan crop yields, soil moisture content, crop diseases, and forest diseases. Includes fishery surveys. Satellite and aerial surveys. H « Food technology: Pasteurizing, curing, canning, dehydrating, freezing, irradiation, freeze drying, etc., of foods and other agricultural products; Sanitation and fumigation of products; Food additives and preservatives; Analysis and inspection of products: Storage, packaging, and display of products. 0. General: 83 99. CHEMISTRY A » Analytic al chemistry; techniques and instrumentation for the separation ar.d analysis of individual compounds or specific groups or compounds, both inorganic and organic. Includes qualitative, volumetric, gravimetric, optical, spectroscopic, electrochemical, ion exchange, chromatographic analysis and methods; Treatment of analytic data; Forensic chemistry. B . Industrial ch em ist ry and , chemica l process eng i nee ring : Techniques, process, unit operations, and plant eguipment that apply to chemical manuf acturinq, processinq, transportation, and storage; Petroleum refining; Desalination technology. C. Pol yme r chemistry: Synthesis, properties, and reactions of polymers. Includes the chemistry and theory of all types of polymerization, curing, crosslinking, etc. For mechanical properties of polymers, see 710, and 71H. D. Basic and syn th eti c chemistry ; Synthesis, properties, and reactions of inorganic and organic compounds; Studies of the elements; Molecular structure. For the spectra of compounds, see 99A, or 99*. E. Photo and radia t ion che m istry ; Studies involving the interrelationships of electromagnetic or particle radiation and chemical reactions; The study of radioactive elements and their reactions; Padiochemistry. F - Physical and th eor etical chemistry; Physical aspects and interpretation of chemical systems; Colloid chemistry, catalysts, solutions, reaction kinetics, chemical equilibria, chemical thermodynamics, thermochemistry, etc. Electrochemistry; Phase Studies of nonmetallic systems; Interpretation of molecular spectra and chemical reaction mechanisms (Gas, liquid, or solid phase) between atoms, ions, or molecules and atomic and molecular enerqy studies; Membranes; Surface chemistry; Quantum mechanics used to determine the orbitals, energy levels, or properties of atoms and molecules; The mathematical analysis of chemical systems and electronic spectra, excluding routine analysis of experimental results. p. 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r-l rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rHiH rH rH rH rH rH rH CN CN ON in r* c 00 ON 00 r» r* vD r» f* r* r» r* r^ r- r^ vo ^ CO VD VO H Eh < Q fa fa O ffi H ^ tf J S < 0Q u Q fa < CQ U Q fa fa o < CQ U Q < CQ U Q W CO CO f) CO <*) M f| ro co m m <* rf ^ t <* in in in in in in in vO v£ v£> vD r^ r- r^ r- r- O rH rH rH rH rH iH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH •H rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH U 87 INDEX TO THE CURRENT NTIS SUBJECT CATEGORIES NTIS Category NTIS Category Ablation 71 Bionics 95 Abrasives 71 Bombs 79 Acoustics 46 Botany 57 Acoustic detection 63 Building standards 89 Adhesives 71 Building tech- nology 89 Administration 70 Business 96 Aerodynamics 51 Aeronautics 51 Calculus 72 Aeronomy 55 Capacitors 49 Agricultural resour- Carbon 71 ce surveys 98 Career development 92 Cartography 48 Agriculture 98 Agronomy 98 Ceramics 71 Aircraft 51 Chemical process Air conditioning 89,94,97 engineering 99 Air pollution 68 Chemical warfare 74 Chemistry 99 Air transportation 85 Algebra 72 Circuits 49 Ammunition 79 Civil engineering 50 Analytical chemistry 99 Clinical chemistry 57 Anatomy 57 Clinical medicine Coastal zone 57 Animal husbandry 98 development 91 Antennas 49 Antiaircraft defense 74 Coatings 71 Antimissile defense 75 Combat vehicles 79 Aquaculture 98 Combustion 81 Common carriers 45 Architectural design 89 Commerce 96 Armor 79 Artificial intel- Communication 45 ligence 95 Composite material 71 Astrogeology 84 Computer hardware 62 Computer software 62 Astronautics 84 Construction 50,89 Astronomy 53 Astrophysics 53 Consumer affairs 96 Corrosion 71 Ballistics 79 Cosmic rays 55 Banking 96 Cytology 57 Behavior 57,92 Biochemistry 57 Defense systems 74 Bioengineering 95 Dentistry 44,57 Detection 63,99 Biological ocean- Detonations 79 ography 47,57 Display devices 49 Biological warfare 74 Domestic commerce 96 Biology 57 Biomedical instru- mentation 95 88 NTIS Category NTIS Category Earth resources surveys Earth sciences Ecology Economic planning Education Elastomers Electric power Electric vehicles Electromagnetic countermeasures Electron tubes Elec trophy siology Electro technology Emergency services Energy Engines Environmental pollution Environment (Industrial) Explosives Explosive effects Extraterrestrial exploration Fibers Finance Finishes Fire departments Fire safety Fisheries Fluid mechanics Food Food technology Forestry Fouling (Materials) Fuel conversion Fuel processing Fuel tanks Fuels Furnishings Fusion devices (Thermonuclear) Gas turbines 81,97 48,93, 98 Genetics 57 48 Geology 48 57,68 Geology (Marine) 47,48 43,91, 96 Geometry 72 48 44,92 Geophysics 48 71 Global navigation 97 systems 76,85 85 Government 43,70,91 _ Government inventions 74 for licensing 90 49 Graphics 45 57 49 Guidance Guns 75,76 79 44,91 97 81,97 43,68,91,97 57,68,94 79 79 84 71 43,91,96 71 91 89,94 98 46 57,98 98 48 71 97,99 97,99 81 97 89 77,97 Health care Health education Health planning Health services Heating systems Highway engineering Holography Horticulture Housing planning Human factors engineering Humanities Hydraulic fluids Hydraulic systems Hydrography Hydrology Hygiene" Ice Immunology Inductive components Industrial chemistry Industrial engineering Industrial medicine Information sciences Information systems Information theory Infrared detection 44,91 44,92 44 43.44,91 97 50 82 98 91 95 92 71 94 47 48 57 48 57 49 99 94 57,94 88 88 45,62 63,99 89 NTIS Category NTIS Category International Meteorology 55 commerce 96 Metallurgy 71, 94 International Microbiology 57 marketing 96 Military sciences 74 International Mineral industry 48 relations 92 Mining 48 Inventory control 70, 74,94 Minority enterprises 96 Irrigation 98 Missile technology 75 Iron alloys 71 Molecular biology 57 Isotope separation 77 NASA Landsat 48, 93,98 Jet engines 81, 97 Natural resources 48 Job environment 57, 92,94 Navigation 76, 85 Job training 92 Noise pollution Nondestructive tests 68 94 Labor relations 70 Landsat studies 48, 93,98 Nuclear auxiliary Lasers 46 power systems 77, 97 Law 92 Nuclear explosion Library science 88 detection Nuclear explosions 63 77 Life support systems 95 Nuclear power plants 77, 97 Limnology 48 Nuclear propulsion 81 Liquid rocket Nuclear reactor safety 77, 97 propellants 81 Nuclear reactors Nuclear warfare 77 74 Logistics (Military) 74 Nutrition 57 Lubricants 71 Occupational safety Machinery 94 and health 57, 68,94 Magnetic detection 63 Ocean technology and Management infor- engineering 47 mation 70, 88 Optical detection 63 Management practice 70 Optics 46 Manpower studies 44, 70 Optoelectronic devices 49 Manufacturing 94 Ordnance 79 Marine engineering 47 Marine sciences 47 Paper products 71 Material degra- Parachutes 51 dation 71 Patents (Government owned) 90 Materials science 71 Pathology 57 Mathematical science 72 Pattern recognition 62 Medicine 57 Permafrost 48 Mechanical organs 95 Personnel development 92 Personnel management 70, ,88 90 NTIS Category NTIS i Category Pest control 57, 98 Reciprocating engines 81, 97 Pesticides Recording devices 82 pollution 68 Recreation 91 Pharmacology 57 Refractories 71 Photography 82 Regional planning 43, 91 Photochemistry 99 Research management 70 Physical chemistry 99 Rocket engines 81 Physical Rocket propellants 81 oceanography 47 Rock mechanics 50 Physical therapy 44, 57 Sealants 71 Physics 46 Seismic detection 63 Physiology 57, 92 Semiconductor devices 49 Pipeline Semiconductors 46, 49 transportation 85 Signal transmission Plants (Botany) 57 devices 49 Plants (Industrial) 94 Snow 48 Plasma physics 46 Social concerns 43, 91,92 Plastics 71 Society 92 Police 91 Sociopolitical 92 Pollution 43, 68,91,97 Soil mechanics 50 Polymer chemistry 99 Soil science 48 Polymers 71, 99 Solar energy 97 Power generation 97 Solar heating systems 89, 97 Production planning 94 Solid rocket propellants 81 Propellants 79, 81 Solid state physics 46 Propulsion 81 Solid waste pollution 68, 91 Prosthetics 95 Solvents 71 Psychiatry 57 Space technology 84 Public Speech recognition 45 administration 43, 70,91 State government 43, 70 Public health 44, 57,91 Statistical analysis 72 Quality control 94 Stress physiology 57 Structural engineering 50, 89,94 Radiation chemistry 99 Surface transportation 85, 91 Radiation pollution 68 Surgery 57 Radiation safety 57, 68,77 Radioactive wastes 77 Technology transfer 70 Radiobiology 57 Television Textiles 45 71 Radio equipment 45 Thermonuclear devices 77, 97 Radiofrequency Tissue preservation detection 63 and storage 95 Reactor engineering 77 Reactor fuels 77 91 NTIS Category Tooling 94 Toxicology 57,68 Traffic planning 85,91 Transportation 43,85,91 Transportation safety 85 Underwater construction 47 Urban planning 43,91 Urban technology 91 Verbal communication 45 Veterinary medicine 98 Water pollution 43,68,91,97 Water supplies 48 Weather 55 Wood products 71 Zoology 57 92 ^U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: I 9 8 2 - 3 6 " 9 9 7 / 2 1 6 5 PE TlP| 1 i A |M l - N,VERS,TY LIBRARIES