C5 5.13 ; N^FS <-\^ -3L'f NOAA TR NMFS CIRC-368 ^ M,otc °v \ :r NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-368 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Estuarine Inventory and Study, Florida: Phase I, Area Description J. KNEELAND McNULTY, WILLIAM N. LINDALL, JR., AND JAMES E. SYKES SEATTLE, WA November 1972 NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS National Marine Fisheries Service, Circulars The major responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are to monitor and assess the abundance and geographic distribution of fishery resources, to understand and predict fluctuations in the quan- tity and distribution of these resources, and to establish levels for optimum use of the resources. NMFS is also charged with the development and implementation of policies for managing national fishing grounds, develop- ment and enforcement of domestic fisheries regulations, surveillance of foreign fishing off United States coastal waters, and the development and enforcement of international fishery agreements and policies. NMFS also assists the fishi. g industry through marketing service and economic analysis programs, and mortgage insurance and vessel construction subsidies. It collects, analyses, and publishes statistics on various phases of the industry. The NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC series continues a series that has been in existence since 1941. The Circulars are technical publications of general interest intended to aid conservation and management. Publica- tions that review in considerable detail and at a high technical level certain broad areas of research appear in this series. Technical papers originating in economics studies and from management investigations appear in the Circular series. NOAA Technical Reports NMFS CIRC are available free in limited numbers to governmental agencies, both Federal and State. They are also available in exchange for other scientific and technical publications in the ma- rine sciences. Individual copies may be obtained (unless otherwise noted) from NOAA Publications Section, Rock- ville, Md. 20852. Recent Circulars are: 315. Synopsis of biological data on the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) 1792. By Rich- ard G. Bakkala. March 1970, iii + 89 pp., 15 figs., 51 tables. 319. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Great Lakes Fishery Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan. By Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. March 1970, 8 pp., 7 figs. 330. EASTROPAC Atlas: Vols. 4, 2. Catalog No. 1 49.4:330/ (vol.) 11 vols. ($4.75 each). Avail- able from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. 331. Guidelines for the processing of hot-smoked chub. By H. L. Seagran, J. T. Graikoski, and J. A. Emerson. January 1970, iv + 23 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. 332. Pacific hake. (12 articles by 20 authors.) March 1970, iii + 152 pp., 72 figs., 47 tables. 333. Recommended practices for vessel sanitation and fish handling. By Edgar W. Bowman and Alfred Larsen. March 1970, iv + 27 pp., 6 figs. 335. Progress report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Center for Estuarine and Menhaden Research, Pesticide Field Station, Gulf Breeze, Fla., fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii + 33 pp., 29 figs., 12 tables. 336. The northern fur seal. By Ralph C. Baker, Ford Wilke, and C. Howard Baltzo. April 1970, iii + 19 pp., 13 figs. 337. Program of Division of Economic Research, Bureau of Commerecial Fisheries, fiscal year 1969. By Division of Economic Research. April 1970, iii + 29 pp., 12 figs., 7 tables. 338. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Lab- oratory, Auke Bay, Alaska. By Bureau of Com- mercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 6 figs. 339. Salmon research at Ice Harbor Dam. By Wesley J. Ebel. April 1970, 6 pp., 4 figs. 340. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Technological Laboratory, Gloucester, Massachusetts. By Bu- reau of Commercial Fisheries. June 1970, 8 pp., 8 figs. 341. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968. By the Lab- oratory staff. August 1970, iii + 24 pp., 11 figs., 16 tables. 342. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida, fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii + 22 pp., 20 figs., 8 tables. 343. Report of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, fiscal year 1969. By the Laboratory staff. August 1970, iii -f 39 pp., 28 figs., 9 tables. 344. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlan- tic Biological Laboratory progress in research 1965-69, Miami, Florida. By Ann Weeks. Oc- tober 1970, iv + 65 pp., 53 figs. 346. Sportsman's guide to handling, smoking, and pre- serving Great Lakes coho salmon. By Shearon Dudley, J. T. Graikoski, H. L. Seagran, and Paul M. Earl. September 1970, iii + 28 pp., 15 figs. 347. Synopsis of biological data on Pacific ocean perch, Sebastodes alutus. By Richard L. Major and Herbert H. Shippen. December 1970, iii + 38 pp., 31 figs., 11 tables. Continued on inside back cover. ^0 WMOS^ r ^E NT Of U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Peter G. Peterson, Secretary NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Robert M. White, Administrator NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE Philip M. Roedel, Director NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-368 Cooperative Gulf of Mexico Estuarine Inventory and Study, Florida: Phase I, Area Description J, KNEELAND McNULTY, WILLIAM N. LINDALL, JR., AND JAMES E. SYKES o Q. Q Q SEATTLE, WA November 1972 For sale by ihc Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price #1.25 The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, rec- ommend or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales pro- motion which would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 The coast 2 Dimensions 3 Mangroves 48 Tidal marshes 48 Submerged vegetation 48 Measurement of vegetated areas 51 Geology 52 Stream discharge 54 Water temperature 55 Salinity 82 Oysters and clams 83 Artificial fishing reefs 87 Population 88 Economic development 91 Pollution 93 Dredging 116 Summary 117 Acknowledgments 121 Literature cited 121 Figures No. Page 1. — The major coastal types of the west coast of Florida 3 2. — Index map 5 3.— Map of Florida Bay 6-7 4.— Map of Ten Thousand Islands 8-9 5. — Map of Gullivan Bay to Imperial River 10-11 6. — Map of Estero Bay and Western Caloosahatchee River 12-13 7. — Map of Caloosahatchee River 14-15 8. — Map of Peace River Estuary 16 9. — Map of Northern Pine Island Sound 17 10. — Map of Charlotte Harbor and Lemon Bay 18-19 11. — Map of Sarasota Bay and Manatee River 20-21 12. — Map of Tampa and Boca Ciega Bays 22-23 13.— Map of Hillsborough and Old Tampa Bays 24-25 14. — Map of St. Joseph Sound to Weekiwachee River 26-27 15. — Map of Chassahowitzka and Crystal Bays 28-29 16. — Map of Suwannee Sound and Waccasassa Bay 30-31 17. — Map of Deadman Bay and Fenholloway River 32-33 18. — Map of Apalachee Bay 34-35 19. — Map of St. George Sound and Eastern Apalachicola Bay 36-37 20. — Map of Western Apalachicola and St. Joseph Bays 38-39 21. — Map of St. Andrew Bay 40-41 22. — Map of Eastern Choctawhatchee Bay 42-43 (Continued on next page) iii ( Figures — continued) No. Page 23.— Map of Western Choctawhatchee and East Bays 44-45 24. — Map of Escambia, Pensacola, and Perdido Bays 46-47 25. — Diagrammatic cross section of a mangrove swamp, a barrier island of the north coast, and a transect from tidal channels to flatwoods on the north coast 49 26. — Schematic drawings of the zonation of sea grasses in shallow water in Boca Ciega Bay and Tampa Bay and salinity preferences and tolerances of sea grasses 50 27. — The percentage of mangrove swamp, tidal marsh, submerged vegetation and unvege- tated bottom 52 28. — Geologic cross section through Florida 53 29. — The principal geologic structures of Florida 53 30.— The age of geologic formations 53 31. — Topographic divisions 54 32. — Principal aquifers 54 33. — Mean discharge of the principal gaged streams of the Florida west coast 55 34. — Monthly range and mean of water temperature at four locations 83 35. — Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Florida Bay to Homosassa Bay ... 84 36. — Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Crystal Bay to Cedar Keys 85 37. — Mean salinity and salinity range in estuaries from Ochlockonee Bay to Pensacola Bay . . 86 38. — The distribution of population on the west coast of Florida, 1960 88 39. — The gain and loss of population on the west coast of Florida from 1950 to 1960 88 40. — The major products of industry 92 41. — The major west coast species landed in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment 94 42. — Landings of the most valuable west coast species in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment 95 43. — The flow of pollutants into estuarine areas by coastal segment 110 44. — The distribution of major sources of pollution and areas that are closed to shellfishing . Ill 45. — The distribution of Class II waters — those suitable for shellfish harvesting 116 46. — The relation between the human population in communities bordering estuaries and the filled area, the number of pollution sources, and the area closed to shellfishing in the eight segments of coast 120 Tables 1. Surface area at mean high water, volume at mean high water, and maximum di- urnal tidal range of estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 4 2. The areas and major species of submerged vegetation, tidal marsh, and mangrove swamps of estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 51 3-1. Stream discharge to the Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2890, Tam- iami Canal Outlets, Miami to Monroe, Florida 56 3-2. Stream discharge to Ten Thousand Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2910, Barron River Canal near Everglades, Florida 56 3-3. Stream discharge to Naples Bay via Gordon River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2913, Golden Gate at Naples, Florida 57 3-4. Stream discharge to the Caloosahatchee River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2920, Caloosahatchee Canal at Moore Haven, Florida 57 (Continued on next page) iv (Tables — continued) 3-5. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2970, Peace River at Arcadia, Florida 58 3-6. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2975, Joshua Creek at Nocatee, Florida 58 3-7. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2980, Horse Creek near Arcadia, Florida 59 3-8. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2990, Myakka River near Sarasota, Florida 59 3-9. Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2996.5, Big Slough near Murdock, Florida 60 3-10. Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997, Cow Pen Slough near Bee Ridge, Florida 60 3-11. Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997.5, Phillippi Creek near Sarasota, Florida 60 3-12. Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3000, Manatee River near Bradenton, Florida 61 3-13. Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3005, Little Man- atee River near Wimauma, Florida 61 3-14. Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3015, Alafia River at Lithia, Florida 62 3-15. Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3018, Six- mile Creek at Tampa, Florida 62 3-16. Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3045, Hills- borough River near Tampa, Florida 63 3-17. Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3060, Sulphur Springs at Sulphur Springs, Florida 63 3-18. Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3065, Sweetwater Creek near Sulphur Springs, Florida 64 3-19. Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3070, Rocky Creek near Sulphur Springs, Florida 64 3-20. Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3075, Alli- gator Creek at Safety Harbor, Florida 65 3-21. Stream discharge to Boca Ciega Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3085, Sem- inole Lake Outlet near Largo, Florida 65 3-22. Stream discharge to St. Joseph Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3100, Anclote River near Elfers, Florida 66 3-23. Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Bailey's Bluff and Saddle Key: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3103, Pithlachascotee River near New Port Richey, Florida 66 3-24. Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Saddle Key and South Mangrove Point: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3107.5, Crystal River near Crystal River, Florida . . 67 3-25. Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Saddle Key and South Mangrove Point: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3130, Withlacoochee River near Holder, Florida ... 67 3-26. Stream discharge to Waccasassa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3137, Wac- casassa River near Gulf Hammock, Florida 68 3-27. Stream discharge to Waccasassa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3142, Ten- mile Creek at Lebanon Station, Florida 68 (Continued on next page) ( Tables — continued ) 3-28. 3-29. 3-30. 3-31. 3-32. 3-33. 3-34. 3-35. 3-36. 3-37. 3-38. 3-39. 3-40. 3-41. 3-42. 3-43. 3-44. 3-45. 3-46. 3-47. 3-48. 3-49. 3-50. Stream discharge to Suwannee Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3235, Su- wannee River near Wilcox, Florida 69 Stream discharge to Deadman Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3240, Stein- hatchee River near Cross City, Florida 69 Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Deadman Bay and Econfina River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3245, Fenholloway River at Foley, Florida 70 Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3260, Econ- fina River near Perry, Florida 70 Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3265, Aucilla River at Lamont, Florida 71 Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3269, St. Marks River near Newport, Florida 71 Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3300, Och- lockonee River near Bloxham, Florida 72 Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3301, Telo- gia Creek near Bristol, Florida 72 Stream discharge to St. George Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3303, New River near Wilma, Florida 73 Stream discharge to Apalachicola Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3587, Apalachicola River near Blountstown, Florida 73 Stream discharge to Apalachicola Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3590, Chipola River near Altha, Florida 74 Stream discharge to North Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3595, Econfina Creek near Bennett, Florida 74 Stream discharge to Choctawhatchee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3665, Choctawhatchee River near Bruce, Florida 75 Stream discharge to Choctawhatchee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3670, Alaqua Creek near De Funiak Springs, Florida 75 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3680, Yellow River at Milligan, Florida 76 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3690, Shoal River near Crestview, Florida 76 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3700, Blackwater River near Baker, Florida 77 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3702, Big Juniper Creek near Munson, Florida 77 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3705, Big Coldwater Creek near Milton, Florida 78 Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola) : U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3707, Pond Creek near Milton, Florida 78 Stream discharge to Escambia Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3755, Es- cambia River near Century, Florida 79 Stream discharge to Escambia Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3760, Pine Barren Creek near Barth, Florida 79 Stream discharge to Perdido Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3765, Perdido River at Barrineau Park, Florida 80 (Continued on next page) vi (Tables — continued) 3-51. Stream discharge to Perdido Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3775, Styx River near Loxley, Alabama 80 3-52. Summary of mean discharge of major streams including springs to estuarine study areas and to segments of coast, west coast of Florida 81 4. Area of oyster beds (public and private) and area closed to shellfishing by State and County governments in estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 87 5. Human population of counties, estuarine study areas and cities that border estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida 89 6. Commercial fisheries shore plant installations, Florida west coast, 1967 93 7. Location, source, receiving waters, discharge, treatment, B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxy- gen Demand), and population equivalent of domestic waste discharged to estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida, 1968 96 8. Location, source and type, receiving waters, discharge, treatment, B.O.D. (Biochem- ical Oxygen Demand), and population equivalent of industrial wastes discharged to estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida, 1968 112 9. Filled and drained areas, Florida west coast, 1967 117 10. Navigation channels designed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, west coast of Florida, 1968 118 11. Summary of data on estuarine study areas, Florida west coast 119 vn Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/cooperativegulfoOOmcnu COOPERATIVE GULF OF MEXICO ESTUARINE INVENTORY AND STUDY, FLORIDA: PHASE I, AREA DESCRIPTION by J. Kneeland McNulty, 1 William N. Lindall, Jr., 1 and James E. Sykes 2 ABSTRACT Newly-developed tables and maps depict the dimensions, submerged vegetation, tidal marshes, mangrove swamps, commercial oyster beds, leased oyster-rearing areas, sources of pollution, drained tidal marshes, and filled areas of Florida's west coast estuaries. Published and unpublished information on temperature, salinity, geology, artificial fishing reefs, stream discharge, human population, commercial fishing, and economic development is presented in new form. If the total area of estuaries (3,003,312 acres = 1,215,440 ha) is considered to be the area of open water (2,081,525 acres = 842,393 ha) plus the area of mangrove swamps (393,160 acres = 159,112 ha) and tidal marshes (528,528 acres = 213,895 ha), then roughly one-half of the total area of estuaries is unvegetated; the remain- ing half is about equally divided among mangroves, tidal marshes, and submerged vegetation. Human population in coastal counties increased from 614,616 persons in 1930 to 3,320,226 persons in 1970, resulting in adverse effects from pollution to 43 percent of estuarine areas, filling of 23,521 acres (9,519 ha) mainly for residential and in- dustrial development, and draining of 26,676 acres (10,796 ha) of tidal marshes for mosquito control. Increasing population correlates directly with the number of sources of pollution, filled area, and the area closed to shellfishing by public health authorities; thus, failure to control the adverse effects of population growth will clearly result in continued rapid degradation of estuarine habitat on Florida's west coast. INTRODUCTION Comprehensive description of the natural and man-made features of the Gulf coast of Florida has not been attempted previously even though a large quantity of pertinent information is available. The inventory combines original ob- servations with a review of the literature on di- mensions, vegetation, geology, stream discharge, oyster and clam beds, artificial fishing reefs, human population, economic development, pollu- tion and dredging. 1 National Marine Fisheries Service, Gulf Coastal Fisheries Center, Biological Laboratory, St. Petersburg Beach, FL 33706. 2 National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Estu- arine Fisheries Center, Beaufort, NC 28516. The study is part of the cooperative Gulf of Mexico Estuarine Inventory initiated by the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission through its Estuarine Technical Coordinating Committee (ETCC). In the fall of 1965 several members of the Committee agreed that an inventory of estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico was urgently needed. Committee members who discussed the project initially were George W. Allen, Charles Chapman, Theodore B. Ford, Terrance R. Leary, Lyle St. Amant, and James E. Sykes, according to a letter of December 27, 1965, by Dr. Ford. The group recognized the accelerated competi- tion the states were experiencing between fish- eries and wildlife on the one hand and industrial and municipal growth on the other hand. Agree- ment was reached that the best way to offset such influences was to develop realistic compar- able appraisals of estuarine resources along the entire coast. The planners envisioned a broad study that would include physical descriptions of the estuarine basins and the waters within them plus comprehensive biological studies of plant and animal life. Funding was provided through the Commercial Fisheries Research and Development Act (Public Law 88-309, as amend- ed) with which studies in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana were financed in part. This Lab- oratory and the National Marine Fisheries Ser- vice Biological Laboratory, Galveston, Texas, undertook the Florida and Texas portions of the study largely because other uses were made of P.L. 88-309 funds in those states. Members of the ETCC developed work outlines, which all participants agreed to follow so that methods of study would be the same and results would be comparable. J. Y. Christmas chaired the Com- mittee meetings. Work outlines for four phases of the Inventory were developed — Area Descrip- tion, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Biology. The approved Area Description outline was the basis for material presented in this paper. THE COAST The length and biological diversity of the Florida Gulf coast exceed those of any other Gulf state. Its length, some 770 statute miles (1,240 km) measured headland to headland on the main- land, exceeds the airline distance from New York to Chicago. Its climate varies from subtropical to temperate. The 17-year minimum air tem- perature of 47 °F (8°C) at Key West contrasts strongly with 9°F (— 13°C) atPensacola. These and other air temperatures, which follow, were provided by James T. Bradley, NOAA Clima- tologist for Florida, National Weather Service, Lakeland, Fla.: Air Temperature (°F)* Locality January July Mean Extremes Mean Extremes Key West (17 yr) 70 47-85 83 69-95 St. Petersburg (56 yr) 63 28-85 83 63-97 Cedar Key (30 yr) 58 19-88 82 65-102 Pensacola (39 yr) 53 9-76 82 61-99 *°C = 5/9 (°F - 32). Tidal swamps and marshes fringe the entire coast and submerged vegetation blankets most of the shallow-water bottom. The dense man- grove swamps of the south and central coasts are gradually replaced by tidal marshes north of Cedar Key because hard frosts kill the mangroves (Fig. 1); Davis (1904) concluded that air tem- peratures below 25 °F (— 4°C) are lethal. Al- though sea grasses flourish in shallow water on the entire coast, the northern limit of some trop- ical algae and the southern limit of some tem- perate algae is in the vicinity of Tampa Bay. Four basic coastal types are characteristic (Fig. 1). The southernmost, from Florida Bay to Cape Romano, consists of mangrove swamps, tidal marshes, and mangrove-covered islands in- terspersed with open-water estuarine areas. Florida Bay consists of a series of circular drowned lake basins (hence the term "lacu- strine," Fig. 1) that are divided by shallow flats and interconnected by tidal channels set in a com- plex of mangrove-rimmed Keys. On the main- land coast the mangroves extend inland 0.5 to 5 nautical miles (0.9 to 9 km) except along rivers where penetration may be up to 10 or 12 nau- tical miles (19-22 km) . Tidal marshes have de- veloped on the relatively high ground between rivers and landward of the mangrove swamps. Underwater vegetation is extensive in Florida Bay, where it consists of predominantly turtle grass (Thalassium testudinum) mixed with a rich variety of tropical algae. In shallow water from Cape Sable northward algae are abundant locally in many places, but grass beds are sparse, possibly because of turbidity from suspended materials and discoloration of the water by tan- nins from the mangroves. Barrier islands with sandy beaches on the Gulf characterize most of the second type of coast, which extends from about Cape Romano to An- clote Key. The islands separate the Gulf from a series of bays and lagoons that are lined with mangrove swamps except where land elevations preclude their development. The mangroves merge into tidal marshes that are less extensive here than in the two more southerly segments of the coast. Sea grasses and algae are abundant to about 6 feet (2 m) in the bays and lagoons. The irregular coastline of the third coastal type, from Anclote Key to Lighthouse Point, is the result of rock outcroppings, clusters of is- lands, and oyster reefs. Beaches and semi-en- closed bays are rare. Salt marshes line its shores and penetrate inland several miles in \Jfr * LLUV '« „, 200 Figure 1. — The major coastal types of the west coast of Florida (modified from Price, 1954; Tanner, 1960). places. Vast beds of turtle grass mixed with algae extend offshore to at least the 6-foot (2-m) contour, which tends to parallel the coast roughly 2 to 6 nautical miles (4 to 11 km) offshore. The fourth coastal type occupies the remainder of the coast westward from Lighthouse Point. Similar to the second type, its barrier islands with sandy beaches separate the Gulf from a series of estuaries. Tidal marshes border the bays generally but their development is less ex- tensive than the marshes of the third coastal type. Beds of mixed sea grasses and algae flour- ish except where water turbidity is high, as in parts of Apalachicola Bay; there vegetation is absent. DIMENSIONS Table 1 lists the area, volume, and maximum diurnal tidal range of estuarine study areas. We determined boundaries by using a combination of precedent, Pritchard's definition of an estuary, and the procedures described by Pearcy for de- lineating the seaward boundary of bays and other indentions of the coastline (Pearcy, 1959; Pritch- ard, 1967). Pritchard defines an estuary as "A semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and with- in which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage." Pritchard's definition applies generally to the Table 1. — Surface area at mean high water, volume at mean high water, and maximum diurnal tidal range of estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida Surface . area Volume Diurnal Study area . , at mean at mean tidal, , high water high water range— 27 37 57 Acres— Acre-feet — Feet— Florida Bay 557,528 2,53^790 5/ 1.6 Lake Ingrahara 2,372 — — Whitewater Bay 46,532 180,419 0.8 Cape Sable to Lostmans River 24,067 187,490 4.5 Lostmans River to Mormon Key 7,395 36,433 4.2 Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass 69,824 345,296 4.4 Caxambas Pass to Gordon River 12,522 67,471 4.3 Doctors Pass to Estero Pass 14,000 54,615 2.8 Caloosahatchee River. 22,926 131,291 1.2 Pine Island Sound 77,024 434,507 2.6 Charlotte Harbor 121,793 1,727,514 1.9 Lemon Bay 6,042 36,410 1.6 Sarasota Bay System.. 34,746 192,540 2.2 Tampa Bay 150,485 2,338,905 2.3 Hillsborough Bay 28,900 335,585 2.8 Old Tampa Bay 57,834 616,625 2.8 Boca Ciega Bay 35,424 234,161 2.3 St. Joseph Sound 33,280 161,893 3.0 Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key 16,629 51,447 3.4 Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Pt 71,530 343,643 3.5 Waccasassa Bay 52,586 277,091 3.5 Suwannee Sound 35,424 187,673 3.4 Suwannee Sound to Deadman Bay 4,320 13,430 3.4 Deadman Bay 2,698 15,335 3.4 Deadman Bay to St. Marks River 8,927 17,854 3.4 Apalachee Bay 61,322 264,830 3.3 St. George Sound 87,776 1,005,195 2.6 Apalachicola Bay 82,197 785,038 2.2 St. Joseph Bay 43,872 622,387 1.4 St. Andrew Sound 4,707 "- ~ East Bay (St. Andrew) 18,659 231,705 1.6 St. Andrew Bay 26,209 405,512 1.5 West Bay 17,576 136,135 1.5 North Bay 6,676 55,189 1.6 Choctawhatchee Bay... 86,295 1,321,106 0.6 Santa Rosa Sound 24,560 217,862 1.4 East Bay (Pensacola). 36,806 364,649 1.6 Escambia Bay 24,085 190,084 1.5 Pensacola Bay 40,581 796,769 1.3 Perdido Bay 25,396 217,724 -'--- Total 2,081,525 17,134,603 — Source: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1969), Tide Tables. "Diurnal range" is the difference in height between mean higher high water and mean lower low water. The largest range was usee if more than one range appeared for a given bay or segment of coast. 2/ — Hectares = acres x 0.4047. 3/ — Cubic meters = acre-feet x 1,233. -Meters = feet x 0.3048. — Unsurveyed. estuaries under consideration except that the term "semi-enclosed" requires interpretation. Pearcy defines the boundary between bays and the territorial sea in geographical terms, and he provides a rationale for determining the coastal boundary where the coast is highly indented and where it has many islands and exposed reefs. For example, we used Pearcy's western bound- ary of Florida Bay: the line joining East Cape Sable and Key Vaca — precisely the 24 nautical miles (44 km) that is accepted by geographers as the maximum length of the closing line con- necting the natural entrance of a large bay (Pearcy, 1959, p. 965). We also used Pearcy's method of drawing the coastal boundary between headlands, islands, and even low tide elevations such as rocks and oyster reefs along highly in- dented parts of the coast such as that northward from Cape Sable through the Ten Thousand Islands, and northward from Anclote Key to Lighthouse Point (Pearcy, 1959, p. 967-968; Figs. 2 through 24 below) . The rocks and oyster reefs between Anclote Key and Lighthouse Point create many semi-enclosed areas that are dis- tinctly estuarine in character (Figs. 14 through 18). Also, we set the boundary of Apalachee Bay from the St. Marks lighthouse to Lighthouse Point near Alligator Harbor because the water area of a bay should exceed the total area con- tained in a semicircle whose diameter is the line connecting the natural entrances (Pearcy, 1959, p. 965; Fig. 18). We defined the landward limit of estuaries as the line of permanent fresh bottom water. Its location was estimated by limited field obser- vations, by noting the landward penetration of salt marshes, by water quality data of streams published by the U.S. Geological Survey, and by published data (Dragovich and May, 1962; Dragovich, Kelly, and Goodell, 1968; and others) . Internal boundaries between parts of estuar- ies were arbitrarily assigned except where we were aware of historical precedent. Table 1 lists the area and volume of estuarine study areas. Area was determined with a com- pensating polar planimeter and the 1,200-Series U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts, scale 1:80,000. We calculated only the wet surface area at mean high water because the difference between high and low water areas on this coast is slight. Volume was estimated by the method described by Welch (1948) based on the formula for the volume of the frustum of a cone. Two strata were considered: surface to 6 ft (1.8 m) and 6 ft to the bottom. The total open water area of all estuaries at high tide is 2,081,525 acres (842,393 ha) , which is slightly greater than the area of America's largest estuary, Chesapeake Bay (2,071,680 acres = 838,409 ha). Table 1 also includes the diurnal (daily) range of the tide for various bays and segments of the coast. We used diurnal ranges rather than mean ranges because the latter are lacking for most of the coast. Tides are of two types: mixed diurnal and semidiurnal, but are predominantly semidiurnal from Florida Bay to Apalachicola Bay and diurnal from St. Joseph Bay to Perdido Bay (Marnier, 1954; Zetler and Hansen, 1970). The mean diurnal tidal range (4.2-4.5 ft = 1.3-1.4 m) is greater from Cape Sable to the Gordon River (at Naples) than on any other part of the coast; elsewhere, ranges of about 1.5-3.5 ft (0.5-1.1 m) are typical. Perdido Bay Choctawhatchee Bay Lemon Bay Pine Island Sound iMMZL|S El! Estero P° ss ""TTslI Doctors Pass Old Tampa Bay Hillsborough Bay Tampa Bay Sarasota Bay System Charlotte Harbor Caloosahatchee River 6Rl Caxambas Pass Lostmans Rive •Gordon River -Mormon Key L.L 4R| .Whitewater Bay Lake Ingraham — — 4^~\H^r 31 Cape Sable' LA Floridc Bay Figure 2. — Index map. Numbers are Figure numbers; letters indicate left or right side of figures. 81°30'W. oRoyal Palm <0=v011 5 5 NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ST PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA 33706 Base Mop: United States Series of Topographic Maps; Miami Figure 4 10 11 12 82 W 13 CALOOSAHATCHEE RIVER 2 Kilometers NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA 33706 Base Maps: U.S.C.G.S 855-SC, 856-SC Figure 7 Note: This prohibited area includes all of the river from its mouth east to the Lee County line, at approximately the B-B match line on op- posite page. LEGEND I — • — "J Boundary of Study Area Submerged Vegetation I y J Major Domestic Sewage* i^^> | Minor Domestic Sewage* ^^►J Minor Industrial Waste* Filled Area 'Numbers: Sources of Pollution, Tables 7 and ^=046 ^043 U 15 16 82° 10' W. till t t TI i i i l I ii i i Ij i 1 i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i-ri -TT nl; i n h i i i I i i i i p l l l I i i iTI i i [^ [ l- i i i i 17 k » 2 < .s* n ^ ?&M"'%^ l ' id* » ; , 5 :.- LEGEND — • — - | boundary of Study Area Submerged Vegetation Tidal Marsh Drained Tidal Marsh gjgjj^f] Mangrove {O^s'rV] Public Oyster Bed |6^5_ ^Private Oyster Bed 1 Closed to Shellfishing ^=^> | Minor Domestic Sewage* Filled Area Numbers: Sources of Pollution, Tables 7 and 8. 17 18 19 20 120 116 H8 r &>^ "9 us 113 s 108 Upstream, ppi Creek SAMPLING STATIONS HYDROLOGY 6x»gei (N0 3 -N, N0 3 -N. PQ 4 -P, Total P, Tolol N, pH) LEGEND I — • ] Boundary of Study Area Submerged Vegetation Drained Tidol Marsn \0ys- 2 [ Private Oyster Bed Major Domestic Sewage" [ Minor Domestic Sewage* ] Ma|Or Industrial Waste* I Minor Industrial Waste* Filled Area Numbers: Sources of Pollution, Tables 7 and 8. . ^ . 2 3 4 5 Kilometers NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ST PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. 33706 Base Maps: U.S.C.G.S 1256 !2°30'W. 084 ^082 I Major Industrial Waste* £| Filled Area Numbers: Sources of Pollution, Tables 7 and Piney Point Big Grass IslancPJte V Long Grass Point 83°45' W. 32 33 84 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 CHOCTAWHATCHEE B A Y Fl dsec 25Jt 7M ' I 4<,ec 25Jt 71 ■ Fl Isec : , id " 14 l3S*J-"3>»*' Qk Fl 17(1"1"S*'' 42 86 W. 'FREEPORT LEGEND Lrr - — "1 Boundary of Study Area &$■] Submerged Vegetation t .„..] Tidal Marsh '.O^s - 2!Private Oyster Bed m |§Closed to Shellfishing | Filled Area SOUNDINGS IN FEET AT MEAN LOW WATER 1 ^2~ 3 4 5 Kilometers NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. 33706 Base Maps U.S.C G S. 1264 Figure 2 2 86 W. 43 44 45 87 30' W H i I I I I I I I I I i , ' — r > I I , I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f i r i i 1 T n I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 LEGEND p-— Bound Subme 3ry of Study Area rged Vegetation Tidal Marsh Draine d Tidal Marsh !.3£Z?! Public Oyster Jed I"=> Ma|or Domestic Sewage* =£> Minor Domestic Sewage* 1 ■* Major Minor Industria Industria Waste* Waste* — ► BSH Filled Area 'Numbers Sources of Pollu ion, Tables 7 and 8 lt£ 97 395 46 4 Nautical Miles 4 Statute Miles i ~0 — i 2 3 4 == 5 Kilometers NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ^____ ST PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. 33706 iase Maps: U.S.CG.S. 1265 Figure 2 4 47 MANGROVES The three common mangroves in the order of their abundance are the red mangrove (Rhizo- phora mayigle), the black mangrove (Avicennia nitida) , and the buttonwood (Conocarpus erec- ta) , and their zonation landward is in this same order (Fig. 25A). A fourth and less abundant species, the white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa) , generally grows landward of the black mangrove. Their distribution is world- wide on tropical and subtropical shores of oceans and estuaries. Mangroves grow on peat, muck, marl, sand, or rock; thus, such environmental factors as killing frost and land elevation control their distribu- tion. Their "viviparous" seedlings germinate while attached to the parent tree; seedlings de- tach and float vertically in salt water, where they remain alive several months, so they can be carried long distances by currents. The red man- grove grows inland along stream banks to fresh water but attains its maximum 83-ft (25-m) height and 6.6-ft (2-m) circumference in brack- ish water of the Shark River (Davis, 1940). Heald (1969)' found that a mangrove forest of southwest Florida produced 876 grams of dry organic matter per square meter per year (7,779 lb/acre/yr) in the form of leaves and twigs, which together with attached microflora and microfauna become available as food for estuar- ine organisms. TIDAL MARSHES Tidal marshes extend northward the full length of the coast, first as a transition zone be- tween mangroves and freshwater marshes, then as the predominant plant community of the shore north of Tampa Bay. Juncus roemarianus predominates, but several species are locally abundant, among them Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata, Salicornia perennias, Borrichia frutescens, Batis marina and Limonium carolinianum. Three useful sources of taxonomic information are Small (1933), Eyles and Robertson (1944), and West and Arnold (1946). A few inches or centimeters of vertical eleva- tion determine the suitability of habitat for a 3 Heald, Eric James. 1969. The production of organic detritus in a south Florida estuary. Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla., ix + 110 p. given species or community as indicated in Fig- ure 25B and C. Four major ecological zones are discernible: Spartina alterniflora, Juncus marsh, salt flats, and barrens (Martin et al., 1953; Thorne, 1954; Kurz and Wagner, 1957). The Spartina alterniflora zone typically fringes tidal creeks, channels, inlets, and some- times the outer side of barrier islands. A small landward increase in elevation permits develop- ment of the lush Juncus marsh that is by far the most extensive and conspicuous feature of the tidal marshes. Its plants grow to 6 or 7 ft (about 2 m) while at the edge of the marsh near the flatwoods their height drops abruptly by one- half or more and they merge with the third eco- logical zone, the salt flats. Stunted specimens of several genera typify the flats, especially Spartina patens, Distichlis, Salicornia, Batis, Borrichia, Aster, and Limonium. The fourth zone, the barrens, consists of bare ground ttooded by high tides for brief periods of time. The tidal inundation alternating with long exposure to sunlight result in such high salt content of the soil that seed plants are excluded. However, diatoms and blue-green algae abound in prodigi- ous quantities. For details see Jackson (1952) and Kurz and Wagner (1957). Annual production of dry organic matter by marsh plants is very large, probably about 2,000 g/m 2 (roughly 20,000 lb/acre) (Octum, 1961; Teal, 1962). SUBMERGED VEGETATION The distribution of algae is far more interes- ting and complex than Taylor (1954) believed it to be. Taylor concluded correctly that the algal flora of the Keys is more diverse and spectacular than the flora to the north, but he was unaware of two important facts: the remarkable variety of perennial and annual subtropical and tropical species on the inner continental shelf and the seasonal appearance of temperate forms in win- ter and spring (Phillips and Springer, 1960a; Humm and Taylor, 1961; Dawes, Earle, and Croley, 1967; Dawes and Van Breedveld, 1969; Earle, 1969) . The distribution of the temperate flora is disjunct on either side of the northern Florida peninsula, probably the result of the formation of a strait periodically between the Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean in the Pleistocene (Earle, 1969). 48 RED MANGROVE BLACK MANGROVE BUTTONWOOD FOREST 1 ock LIMONIUM BATIS SPARTINA JUNCUS Borren F)at C 2\- FEET ' I I I 40 J-U-l METERS J 1 L. 6 12 18 24 SPARTINA SPARTINA DISTICHLIS PALMETTO iva £ 9 36.7 19.0 10.9 58.9 230 64.8 27.5 35.7 263 376 830 184 1961 276 56.9 10.6 112 31.8 16.5 17.1 10.6 26.2 56.5 83.1 91.9 66.3 1962 4.56 3.53 3.05 4.84 3.43 4.46 4.52 1.80 188 181 108 851 112 1963 67.6 45.1 11.2 13.9 89.1 65.1 3.12 4.24 144 84.9 3-1.8 154 59.0 1964 20.3 15.2 13.4 48.5 158 23.5 5.29 3.27 3.14 24.6 96.6 414 67.9 1<>65 24.8 7.73 8.23 7.88 21.5 36.5 6.67 2.41 24.0 289 311 40.8 66.0 1966 222 32.0 10.4 31.9 248 56.4 13.0 14.3 139 297 515 303 156 Mean 265 33.6 18.4 40.1 50.9 80.0 26.5 41.3 137 182 193 384 124 -Location: Lat. 27°09'59", long. 81°52'47". Drainage area: 115 sq. mi. (298 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: April 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 119 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 8,670 c.f.s. October 10, 1953; minimum, no flow Nov. 18-20, 22-24, 1953, May 3-12, 14, 15, 1959. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,067 c.f.s. October 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 0.52 c.f.s. June 1956. 2/ -For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second — c.f.s. x 28.3. 58 Table 3-7. --Stream discharge to Char lotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Surv near Arcadia, Fla.— ey Station 2-2980, Horse Creek Mo i ithly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s. ) 3 ~' Water . year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 640 41.0 17.9 11.0 54.9 96.2 40.6 2.53 5.20 57.6 214 122 1953 1,335 297 80.6 163 238 23.7 72.7 4.65 706 387 905 1,427 470 1954 1,026 431 348 183 44.8 45.2 98.9 155 199 471 262 345 303 1955 ,199 63.9 65.9 41.4 73.6 16.4 15.9 2.07 2.78 10.0 315 701 125 1956 70.9 5.11 4.22 3.78 12.4 3.20 0.63 3.34 0.18 2.29 66.0 292 38.4 1957 247 17.0 2.25 4.62 11.8 200 94.1 338 148 358 612 650 225 1958 639 20.4 66.4 682 334 789 330 137 43.9 346 187 42.4 303 1959 32.8 89.7 61.7 96.5 54.4 712 133 22.0 691 820 1,138 1,616 457 1960 495 87.5 40.5 28.3 181 304 103 34.0 41.4 855 1,571 1,696 454 1961 680 120 21.1 49.8 177 45.0 43.6 3.80 4.71 138 275 264 152 1962 7.78 2.58 2.93 4.40 3.58 4.19 38.6 1.55 186 236 392 1,531 200 1963 192 61.9 18.1 19.7 220 232 6.05 4.58 37.5 143 338 456 143 1964 125 171 65.6 214 337 155 122 13.7 12.4 42.8 179 363 149 1965 27.3 5.93 6.25 7.18 16.5 94.6 5.65 0.63 140 1,003 832 103 1 91 ) 1966 499 41.7 21.1 107 363 137 38.5 11.0 552 230 345 214 212 414 97.0 54.8 190 76.2 185 340 236 -'Location: Lat. 27 11'57", long. 81 59'19". Drainage area: 205 sq. mi. (531 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: April 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 229 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 11,700 c.f.s. August 1, 1960; minimum, no flow June 7-9, 15, 25-30, July 2, August 7, 1956, February 16-18, 1957. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 1,696 c.f.s. 0.18 c.f.s. September 1960. June 1956. 3/ T and ended September 30, 1952. Table 3-8. -Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2990, Myakka River near Sarasota, Fla.l/ Monthly and y early mean dischai ge in cub ic feet per second (c.f.s. 3/ yeari' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 831 41.4 15.3 7.64 19.0 42.7 49.9 0.11 0.01 7.78 231 127 116 1953 1,143 298 93.2 189 250 57.7 30.7 10.1 134 345 778 1 ,347 390 1954 1,144 214 343 234 49.5 34.9 30.0 60.2 141 366 360 522 294 1955 417 60.9 83.5 40.8 129 53.5 37.9 0.003 5.21 315 780 160 1956 123 13.0 3.00 4.52 14.5 0.68 3.77 2.40 7.30 121 590 73.1 1957 484 31.9 3.97 0.15 6.69 212 123 172 218 321 1 ,000 989 299 1958 867 48.6 37.5 447 367 1 ,013 470 120 10.7 324 201 52.7 332 1959 51.2 257 206 262 104 822 164 78.7 458 830 1 ,744 1 ,935 579 1960 676 218 66.6 43.3 197 306 103 27.1 39.3 679 1 ,944 1 ,247 546 1961 642 107 32.8 57.2 225 43.7 36.0 2.09 86.5 238 413 157 1962 37.8 1.24 0.51 0.82 0.78 0.01 76.8 4.24 177 169 944 2 ,222 302 1963 333 49.7 17.2 20.0 205 252 3.90 0.02 79.2 191 350 583 173 1964 292 125 66.8 271 425 181 154 13.4 2.65 26.6 250 402 183 1965 54.6 3.24 5.77 12.4 25.0 79.4 2.79 0.09 305 1 ,027 1 ,370 391 276 1966 409 47.5 21.5 85.2 306 110 58.6 2.28 321 369 467 209 200 Mean 500 101 66.4 112 155 214 89.4 32.9 126 317 688 854 272 y 'Location: Lat. 27°14'25", long. 82°18'50". Drainage area: 235 sq. mi. (570 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: August 1936 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 264 c.f.s. (30 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 8,670 c.f.s. August 1960; minimum, no flow for many days in some years. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 2,247 c.f.s. September 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: No flow June 1955, April 1956, and June 1961. i'For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. ^'Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 59 Table 3-9. --Stream discharge to Charlotte Harbor: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2996.5, Big Slough near Murdock, Fla.V Water 2/ Mon thly and yearly ' mear discha rge in cu b ic feet per second (c.f.s. )H Oct. Nov, Dec Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1963 31.1 0.75 3.13 108 49.5 129 210 1964 40.0 60. ,2 21 ,6 75.8 1 <1 52.1 11.1 2.17 2.94 2.96 97, 4 265 62.9 1965 22.5 3. 16 1 .82 0.98 3. 66 11.4 1.66 0.87 29.8 424 683 192 112 1966 247 18, ,0 3 .90 30.8 92. 1 23.5 6.23 1.73 160 206 243 76. 7 92.7 ean 103 27.1 9.11 35.9 75.6 29.5 4.94 1.98 75.2 171 277 186 I/Location: Lat. 27°04'15", long. 82°13'05". Drainage area: 87,5 sq. mi, (227 sq, km.), approximately. Records available: February 1963 to September 1966, Mean discharge: 89,2 c.f.s. (3 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 2,560 c.f.s, July 31, 1965; minimum, 0.2 c.f.s. April 30, May 14-21, 1963, Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1963-66: 638 c.f.s. August 1965, Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1963-66: 0.75 c.f.s. April 1963, £/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. _/Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28,3. Table 3-10. --Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997, Cow Pen Slough near Bee Ridge, Fla.— Water , Mon thly and yearly mear i discha rge in cub ic feet per second (c.f, ,s.; ,2/ year — Oct, Nov. Dec, Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Th e year 1963 1964 1965 1966 7, 4, 28, ,46 ,08 ,7 14.3 0.88 2.34 11, 0, 1, ,9 .39 .87 45.8 0.43 12.4 47.6 77.7 1.23 21.3 19.9 24.0 3.10 4.07 1.04 12.3 0.54 3.85 0.31 1.19 0.04 2.03 31.6 0.25 37.6 56.6 51. 8. 317 6 92 83.1 22.4 545 69.7 101 56.8 26.9 81.9 Mean 13, ,4 5.84 4, ,72 19.5 37.0 12.8 4.43 0.89 31.5 126 217 75.8 54.4 ^Location: Lat. 27°14'56", long. 82°23'10". Drainage area: 38 sq. mi. (98 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: January 1963 to June 1966. Mean discharge: 54.4 c.f.s. (2 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 2,940 c.f.s. August 1, 1965 (estimated); minimum discharge, no flow at times in most years. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1963-66: 545 c. f.s . h August 1965. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1963-66: 0.04 c.f.s. May 1965. 2/ —For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3- 1 1 .--Stream discharge to Sarasota Bay System: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-2997.5, Phillippi Creek near Sarasota, Fla.i' Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)_' ^l, . Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1963 56.4 16.0 4.90 3.63 7.22 16.0 25.1 52.4 ... 1964 9.72 19.8 21.3 40.3 61.5 25.6 12.9 9.38 6.42 25.9 70.4 131 36.0 1965 10.7 4.48 5.60 4.83 7.69 5.79 3.05 1.68 18.1 91.0 86.9 68.7 25.9 1966 25.0 8.71 6.98 21.9 18.9 9.97 10.1 4.32 10.6 45.2 26.3 15.4 17.0 san 15.1 11.0 11.3 22.3 36.1 14.3 7.74 4.75 10.6 44.5 52.2 ^Location: Lat. 27°18'30", long. 82°27'06". Drainage area: 24 sq. mi. (62 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: January 1963 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 26.3 c.f.s. (3 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 826 c.f.s. July 30, 1965; minimum, 0.3 c.f.s. March 11, 1965. Maximum monthly mean dishcarge for period 1963-66: 131 c.f.s. September 1964. Minimum monthly mean dishcarge for period 1963-66: 1.68 c.f.s. May 1965. 2/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. ^.'Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. GO Table 3-12. --Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3000, Manatee River near Bradenton, Fla ,±J Water 2/ year±' Mor thly and yearly mean discha rge in cub ic feet per secor d (c.f.s ■ ) 3 J Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 179 34.2 17.1 10.9 35.3 33.6 8.83 7.66 23.3 42.9 179 264 69.7 1953 567 71.2 33.0 100 151 13.4 44.6 5.29 91.2 103 375 667 185 1954 137 217 144 97.2 22.6 18.4 22.1 17.6 58.2 103 48.1 232 93.2 1955 47.8 42.8 29.3 32.8 31.9 12.5 12.3 6.94 10.8 39.4 228 2 1] 60.5 1956 21.6 10.9 11.2 10.1 14.9 5.72 5.15 21.1 6.88 26.2 130 218 40.0 1957 150 11.1 8.90 13.2 36.3 128 87.2 78.4 119 275 334 188 120 1958 254 21.6 61.4 346 118 348 150 29.6 29.5 119 28.8 25.5 128 1959 11.4 19.7 59.5 75.8 32.0 348 62.3 92.1 415 303 649 647 !27 1960 171 33.6 37.2 21.4 135 170 28.2 10.8 60.3 681 421 856 219 1961 153 20.3 19.8 43.1 128 34.2 15.0 7.93 13.8 54.6 289 71.3 70.8 1962 7.64 5.81 6.33 9.41 7.12 21.9 36.7 7.46 125 101 438 698 122 1963 79.8 37.0 15.3 23.3 251 91.5 8.53 23.5 115 284 180 385 123 1964 39.4 85.2 66.0 147 187 97.5 31.7 21.5 6.44 17.2 L50 105 79.1 1965 34.8 14.5 17.4 14.9 30.1 110 9.63 4.77 111 625 242 88.5 110 1966 59.8 14.4 20.5 121 156 26.3 29.6 8.78 --- --- --- --- ... Mean 128 42.6 36.5 71.1 89.1 97.3 36.8 22.9 84.7 198 264 334 118 i/ Location: Lat. 27°28 , 30", long. 82°18'05"; Drainage area: 90 sq. mi. (233 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: April 1939 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 109 c.f.s. (26 years). Extremes: Maximum daily discharge, 9,420 c.f.s. September 21, 1962; minimum, Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 856 c.f.s. September 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 5.15 c.f.s. April 1956. ±f For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952 3/ 0.6 c.f.s. May 7, 1939. Liters per second .f.s. 28.3. Table 3-13 .--Stream discharge to Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3005, Little Manatee River near Wimauma, Fla.l/ Water Mon thly and yearly mean discha rge in cubi c feet per second (c.f.s. )H year^/ Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 204 41.5 34.6 22.6 53.0 123 35.7 13.6 37.3 43.8 262 262 94.7 1953 1,160 152 73.9 248 162 34.1 47.9 9.91 55.3 72.4 255 974 271 1954 290 418 290 165 51.1 37.6 48.5 117 163 351 175 5 2', 220 1955 98.9 83.5 64.5 57.0 40.2 25.3 22.1 11.0 26.2 208 650 383 140 1956 36.7 33.4 26.9 21.2 31.3 13.3 10.0 46.0 8.74 17.9 96.2 141 40.2 1957 168 20.8 17.9 30.4 40.0 163 134 176 348 239 476 229 171 1958 306 35.2 75.4 410 220 530 439 81.0 82.9 231 166 70.7 221 1959 76.4 87.5 171 324 71.9 831 221 162 682 553 580 1,153 411 1960 277 56.4 61.9 46.1 208 419 43.7 21.4 53.1 778 594 1,262 319 1961 193 56.1 43.1 60.1 120 81.7 36.6 18.8 16.2 34.3 224 85.3 80.8 1962 18.7 12.1 14.4 33.4 21.7 68.3 69.3 10.8 302 144 527 1,220 203 1963 110 73.5 38.3 60.8 743 205 23.6 31.6 136 277 258 382 191 1964 56.1 128 104 291 362 162 57.1 56.6 13.7 87.8 105 184 1 3 i 1965 65.3 20.6 40.5 35.4 44.4 208 27.6 10.0 215 558 487 105 153 1966 115 28.4 47.8 162 162 66.6 54.2 27.2 206 197 254 171 124 83.1 73.6 52.9 1 8 5 1/Location: Lat. 27°40'15", long. 82°21'10". Drainage area: 145 sq. mi. (376 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: March 1939 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 184 c.f.s. (27 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 14,000 c.f.s. September 11, 1960; minimum, 1.2 c.f.s. June 6, 7, 1945. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,262 c.f.s. September 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 8.7 c.f.s. June 1956. 2_/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. ^/Liters per second — c.f.s. x 28.3 61 Table 3-14. --Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3015, Alafia River at Lithia, Fla.- Wa Her year— Monthly and yearly mean disc harge in cubic feet per secnd (c. ,.,.>i ; Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 169 120 87.5 166 315 113 42. 2 93.6 161 432 209 188 1953 1,271 406 is ■ 380 355 . 131 119 36. 5 254 518 913 1 ,810 532 1954 774 718 766 IS ( 199 191 130 206 456 968 457 506 480 1955 256 il3 180 197 182 113 132 46. 2 95.1 355 384 579 236 1956 1 _ ; 6 158 110 93.7 135 52.7 47.9 124 57.0 80.6 222 420 1 It, 1957 "<4 81.1 75.4 114 142 350 444 748 40 7 514 1,045 1 ,087 442 195S 607 129 177 i-..'J 456 808 775 253 162 316 436 339 424 1959 146 249 257 503 234 1,874 900 378 1,020 1,046 1,037 1 ,831 792 1960 811 300 273 222 539 1,340 335 120 291 1,395 1,658 2 ,848 845 1961 718 269 203 249 409 225 172 1 1" 114 153 335 276 270 1962 87.7 83.7 101 133 110 160 137 78. 7 500 403 899 1 ,467 346 1963 323 2 53 167 207 706 719 139 186 422 559 587 464 i'l i 1964 : 16 335 246 696 788 397 239 376 138 285 389 481 383 1965 232 168 243 219 253 302 184 144 391 410 1,222 413 i',n 1966 506 200 258 441 481 366 211 154 496 562 663 402 ',')', Mean 448 256 224 301 344 490 272 201 326 515 712 875 414 Location: Lat. 27 52'19", long. 82 12'41". Drainage area: 335 sq. mi. (868 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1932 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 384 c.f.s. (34 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 45,900 c.f.s. September 7, 1933 Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 2,848 c.f Minimum monthly mean dishcarge for period 1952-66 ninimum, 6.6 c.f . September 1960 May 1953. s. June 5, 6, 1945. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, 36.5 c.f.s. and ended September 30, 1952. — Liters per second = c.f.s. 28.3. Table 3-15. -Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Tampa, Fla.- Station 2-3018, Sixmile Creek at Water, year— 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.) 3/ 29.6 71.5 33.5 87.5 63.2 26.5 62.0 34.8 45.1 59.8 51.4 18.8 35.7 28.5 53.3 46.1 23.3 54.1 59.9 39.8 42.3 40.2 15.8 36.4 34.9 49.8 40.4 25.0 45.9 41.5 40.4 47.5 Dec. Jan. 20.5 47.6 64.9 44.3 39.7 22.1 44.2 100 35.9 62.5 48.2 22.2 69.0 31.1 54.5 45.0 16.6 105 96.1 32.5 66.2 VS. 33.6 86.4 145 154 32.4 31.0 64.7 80.1 36.1 56.3 72.0 Apr. May 4p.7 53.7 113 65.4 29.4 26.2 35.0 50.3 44.2 44.5 50.2 36.2 39.0 86.1 37.8 27.7 15.0 31.4 53.4 26.9 40.5 39.4 44.6 39.4 116 32.7 38.1 69.6 26.0 38.5 54.9 91.9 55.2 June July Aug. Sept. The year 83.0 71.4 100 128 45.0 22.7 48.8 94.9 99.1 102 79.5 123 104 205 167 49.5 121 75.0 87.6 161 108 120.1 65.2 37.0 145 214 31.0 204 76.0 89.7 71.4 59.3 99.3 44.7 57.7 92.4 90.9 40.6 50.2 55.4 68.9 57.5 65.1 7 Location: Lat. 27°57 • 59", long. 82°22'07". Drainage area: 28 sq. mi. (73 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: September 1956 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 62.3 c.f.s. (10 years). „<.„.. / / r Extremes: Maximum discharge, 1,290 c.f.s. September 11, 1960; mrnimum, ^ c.f Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 214 c.f.s. September 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 15 c.f.s. May 1962. /For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. s. May 27, 1962. —'Liters per second = c.f. 28.3. 62 Table 3-16. --Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3045, Hillsborough River near Tampa, Fla.A' Mo nthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s .)!' Water year—' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 751 221 358 185 169 521 598 80.1 257 226 644 429 371 1953 787 391 141 188 321 171 1,065 217 170 469 1,965 4,371 852 1954 2 ,795 640 1,795 850 250 177 103 97.8 327 723 1,199 308 731 1955 268 109 129 125 216 76. 6 65.1 33.1 34.3 215 800 1,099 264 1956 191 197 120 83.1 174 42. 9 13.9 14.8 8.48 31.5 35.9 324 102 1957 742 172 46.1 34.8 49.4 366 759 388 318 528 1,834 1,790 588 1958 1 ,348 157 119 414 486 1,975 847 204 74.5 494 811 238 601 1959 144 170 134 887 417 3,082 2,022 740 1,853 2,705 2,738 3,597 1,546 1960 1 ,957 805 217 231 464 4,926 1,358 154 220 1,200 4,713 4,276 1,718 1961 1 ,871 359 202 236 358 142 72.5 26.7 28.3 80.3 217 315 327 1962 32.4 15 43.2 129 117 13. 2 5 5 527 685 1,393 2,860 484 1963 580 196 127 136 662 1,112 53.1 43.7 130 830 820 408 425 1964 295 473 289 1,440 1,697 698 972 387 117 730 1,969 2,869 990 1965 553 163 219 247 255 305 50 5 145 694 3,885 771 614 1966 863 142 184 335 734 1,029 208 7.7 1,030 801 1,816 1,192 696 Mean 878 281 275 368 425 976 546 160 349 694 1,656 1,656 691 i^ Location: Lat. 28°01'25", long. 82°25'40". Drainage area: 650 sq. mi. (1,684 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1938 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 673 c.f.s. (28 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 14,600 c.f.s. March 21, 1960; minimum, no flow November 30 to December 2, 1945. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 4,926 c.f.s. March 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 5 c.f.s. April, May 1962 and May 1965. i/ For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3 / —'Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Data are unadjusted for diversion by City of Tampa. Table 3-17. --Stream discharge to Hillsborough Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3060, Sulphur Springs at Sulphur Springs, Fla.— Water Mo i ithly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per secon d (c.f.s .& year Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1959 76.3 88.6 83.4 1960 72.5 65.7 56.0 49.7 47.9 86.6 80.2 61.9 49.4 58.9 110 71.1 67.6 1961 64.9 59.8 54.4 51.7 52.4 53.0 50.8 43.0 41.9 43.8 48.3 54.4 51.5 1962 48.4 44.1 40.4 37.0 38.7 43.9 44.6 37.7 42.2 47.2 45.5 56.5 43.9 1963 55.9 48.9 45.0 40.9 42.6 49.3 46.9 44.2 40.5 47.2 55.2 61.2 48.2 1964 43.1 35.9 37.4 38.6 61.5 68.4 48.4 51.2 44.5 45.2 57.8 60.3 49.3 1965 52.2 44.2 40.1 35.1 35.4 39.3 34.3 13.4 29.5 47.1 61.6 57.6 40.9 1966 54.3 50.1 47.5 48.3 51.5 51.6 48.3 42.5 45.2 50.3 52.3 52.3 49.5 49.8 45.6 43.0 56.0 50.5 42.0 41.9 52.0 62.1 Lo Dr Re Me Ex Ma Mi y Fo 11 Li cation: Lat. 28 01' 15", long. 82 w 27'05". ainage area: Not available. cords available: May 1956 to September 1966 and earlier. an discharge: 50.1 c.f.s. (7 years). treraes: Maximum discharge 163 c.f.s. August 3, 1945; minimum, 12.9 c.f.s. February 12, 1934. ximum monthly mean discharge for period 1959-66: 88.6 c.f.s. August 1959. nimum monthly mean discharge for period 1959-66: 13.4 c.f.s. May 1965. r example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. ters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 63 T3ble 3-18. --Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3065, Sweetwater Creek near Sulphur Springs, Fla.—' Water, year— Man thly and yearly mear i discharge in cub ic feet p er second (c.f.s. )i/ Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 1.21 1.17 1.17 0.44 0.46 1.97 1.32 0.11 0.30 2.25 5.90 4.94 1.78 1953 6.72 1.71 0.28 0.98 2.05 1.34 2.14 0.57 0.10 1.42 19.2 26.5 5.25 1954 25.6 8.80 9.70 3.55 0.91 0.64 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.28 2.18 7.05 4.96 1955 1.36 1.21 1.16 0.89 1.11 0.27 0.31 0.05 0.15 3.85 0.86 1956 o.s: 0.40 0.15 0.12 0.23 0.03 0.02 0.15 1957 0.01 0.07 0.84 1.12 10.7 11.5 52.1 30.4 8.95 195S 27.4 0.42 0.46 2.56 5.05 14.7 22.2 5.00 0.76 13.9 23.9 9.46 10.6 1959 1.52 1.55 2.78 22.1 4.17 56.4 55.8 27.3 40.8 56.7 80.1 79.6 35.9 1960 42.3 12.9 1.51 1.39 4.94 79.3 28.6 3.42 0.71 20.5 97.5 44.7 28.3 1961 15.7 2.80 0.70 0.52 1.03 0.49 0.25 0.20 1.71 0.63 5.45 2.28 2.67 1962 0.47 0.25 0.22 0.26 0.37 0.46 0.29 0.06 0.53 0.45 12.2 58.5 6.12 1963 11.8 1.13 0.20 0.25 8.49 22.1 0.68 0.41 0.47 6.36 2.69 3.60 4.86 1964 1.80 2.08 1.42 11.7 23.3 24.2 3.56 4.40 0.53 4.11 22.3 39.1 11.5 1965 8.89 0.82 1.00 0.94 0.96 1.15 0.25 0.003 0.03 0.40 24.3 13.7 4.41 1966 4.50 0.34 0.17 1.35 3.05 2.43 0.67 0.93 1.00 10.6 10.3 2.95 Mean 10.0 2.37 1.39 3.14 3.74 13.7 7.80 2.84 3.84 7.97 23.9 22.3 8.62 'Location: Lat. 28 02'33 n , long. 82 u 30*44". Drainage area: 6.4 sq. mi. (17 sq. km.), approximately Records available: October 1951 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 8.62 c.f.s. (15 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 438 c.f.s. March 17, Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1960; minimum, no flow for many days. 80.1 c.f.s. August 1959. No flow for several months. 3 'For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second — c.f.s. x 28.3, Table 3- 19. --Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3070, Rocky Sulphur Springs, Fla.— Creek near Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)- year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1953 7.55 26.2 13.4 25.0 6.42 3.21 22.9 165 180 1954 100 24.7 84.0 34.5 9.28 6.85 7.47 9.54 10.3 52.3 68.1 104 42.9 1955 40.8 17.3 9.84 10.3 16.1 5.57 3.63 0.63 0.58 1.86 7.61 60.5 14.5 1956 5.34 7.36 2.73 4.38 10.3 3.43 1.94 1.91 1.30 1.97 4.35 12.2 4.73 1957 5.91 2.67 1.98 2.35 2.48 18.9 78.0 26.7 59.4 79.2 185 127 49.3 1958 78.5 6.29 4.83 20.0 38.2 92.9 47.1 11.2 3.69 37.1 73.3 25.0 36.7 1959 22.6 20.9 22.0 62.0 29.4 238 87.8 61.5 77.8 153 290 243 110 1960 56.2 18.0 10.6 8.91 24.3 298 35.4 5.98 12.8 224 260 201 97.0 1961 36.0 10.1 5.48 5.78 9.11 7.16 2.59 1.80 2.91 27.3 64.8 46.9 18.4 1962 7.67 3.80 7.23 8.82 8.46 11.4 5.87 2.24 27.5 24.0 186 213 42.2 1963 42.9 10.4 7.21 8.01 41.4 68.7 4.73 1.76 3.67 82.7 27.4 19.3 26.6 1964 9.50 20.4 10.8 84.0 129 52.1 58.4 48.5 5.44 96.0 80.7 200 65.8 1965 27.8 5.76 9.83 8.52 9.46 12.7 4.66 3.07 7.73 48.7 209 35.9 32.3 1966 17.4 6.82 7.20 12.4 21.7 33.8 24.5 6.83 9.19 6.61 112 40.2 25.0 Mean 34.7 11.9 14.1 19.8 26.8 61.6 27.7 13.4 16.1 61.3 124 108 43.5 Lat. 28 02'23", long. 82 34'31". Drainage area: 35 sq. mi. (91 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: January 1953 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 43.5 c.f.s. (13 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 2,840 c.f.s. July 29, 1960; minimum daily, 0.4 c.f.s. May 12-16, June 9, 10, 1955. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 298 c.f.s. March 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 0.58 c.f.s. June 1955. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 64 Table 3-20. --Stream discharge to Old Tampa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3075, Alligator Creek at Safety Harbor, Fla.j./ Water Monthly ar d yearly mean disc harge in cubic feet per second (c.f .s.)2/ year£/ Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 3.26 2.71 2.29 1.13 4.02 20.3 2.99 0.17 0.29 2.01 6.95 0.79 3.93 1953 8.04 2.94 0.98 1.88 5.52 1.83 1.59 0.11 0.95 42.1 20.2 46.8 11.1 1954 14.0 13.2 21.8 8.49 3.85 3.87 1.20 1.51 1.82 14.9 5.37 16.0 8.89 1955 2,10 1.56 2.01 2.18 5.09 0.80 0.95 2.80 8.35 27.7 4.42 1956 5.16 7.45 2.30 2.92 2.71 0.24 2.09 1.90 1957 4.91 1.03 0.77 0.98 1.36 6.76 13.2 10.5 11.3 7.90 33.0 31.2 10.3 1958 9.91 2.35 2.85 12.1 11.9 17.6 12.1 5.95 1.24 8.34 17.7 4.63 8.91 1959 1960. 1961 13.2 5.61 9.85 19.2 8.04 66.4 — --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.8 3.86 4,36 3.82 6.06 1.91 0.33 0.27 0.42 3.87 10.2 15.8 5.30 1962 1.63 1.48 2.57 2.66 3.11 3.96 2.36 0.05 8.17 6.68 37.2 33.1 8.60 1963 7.28 4.59 3.25 4.17 18.3 12.8 0.77 0.37 0.66 6.25 7.93 2.33 5.66 1964 1.08 5.78 2.99 13.7 22.3 11.5 4.14 3.55 0.59 7.11 18.2 26.0 9.68 1965 2.40 0.75 3.91 1.85 3.24 4.52 0.32 3.67 22.6 29.3 7.85. 6.77 1966 2.48 1.95 2.57 4.28 5.22 5.93 6.55 2.20 9.82 12.9 24.5 9.50 7.35 Mean 6.30 3.95 4.46 5.67 7.19 11.3 3.58 1.90 2.99 10.6 16.8 17.2 7.14 -L'Location: Lat. 27°58'40", long. 82°41'45". Drainage area: 9.0 sq. mi. (23 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1949 to April 1959; October 1960 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 7.14 c.f.s. (13 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 490 c.f.s. September 6, 1950; minimum, no flow for many days in most years. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 66.4 c.f.s. March 1959. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: No flow in several months. 2/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. _'Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-21. --Stream discharge to Boca Ciega Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3085, Seminole Lake Outlet near Largo, Fla.JV Water Monthly ar d yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f •s.)3/ year£/ Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 25.3 12.0 4.37 1.18 10.6 33.0 8.61 3.21 13.3 1.96 9.49 1953 35.1 5.74 0.455 6.43 14.7 3.37 2.17 0.01 0.61 8.82 58.7 81.9 18.1 1954 19.6 14.5 35.1 12.9 1.84 0.96 13.1 15.0 30.7 12.1 1955 8.84 1.75 4.28 5.01 10.6 0.977 1.76 (i 0.555 14.6 3.97 1956 0.97 6.60 0.05 0.28 1.08 0.74 1957 11.7 22.1 18.0 25.1 30.6 68.6 80.8 21.5 1958 25.1 1.16 4.57 24.6 24.0 48.4 30.1 13.1 1.08 38.8 48.2 16.0 23.1 1959 11.3 9.94 13.4 33.2 10.3 99.0 46.1 7.33 32.0 39.2 88.6 93.3 40.5 1960 31.1 7.25 12.7 7.26 23.9 90.3 15.4 4.80 0.35 54.8 114 88.1 37.7 1961 20.1 4.90 5.55 9.66 21.6 7.08 0.54 1.17 0.04 9.82 28.3 37.3 12.1 1962 1.04 1.35 6.72 5.07 5.73 4.25 0.44 0.02 31.8 65.6 10.1 1963 8.90 9.35 4.07 9.83 52.4 28.7 0.24 4.98 7.48 1.53 10.4 1964 0.63 4.92 2.80 24.0 38.4 16.8 9.31 3.69 6.45 16.8 21.3 12.0 1965 3.22 7.00 10.2 13.5 17.5 0.67 4.59 11.7 55.7 16.0 11.7 1966 7.58 1.93 5.89 15.2 22.8 13.4 8.67 1.43 43.3 19.2 34.9 11.0 15.4 Mean 13.3 5.34 6.77 11.1 16.7 25.1 9.99 3.30 7.17 16.0 38.8 37.3 15.9 ^Location: Lat. 27°50'20", long. 82°46*50". Drainage area: 14 sq. mi. (36 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: August 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 15.4 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 539 c.f.s. September 5, 1950; minimum, no flow for many days eachyear. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 114 c.f.s. August 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: No flow several months. 2/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. i'Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 65 Table 3-22. --Stream discharge to St. Joseph Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3100, Anclo near Elfers, Fla.— Water. Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in cu bic feet per secon d (c.f.s. ) 3 -' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 32.0 71.7 37.8 14.0 64.2 167 48.6 4.81 10.0 33.7 118 95.1 58.0 1953 143 38.3 10.8 21.6 46.1 60.5 335 14.5 6.33 40.6 333 310 113 1954 162 61.8 245 67.5 15.6 13.6 8.16 9.12 16.8 98.3 40. 2 99.7 70.5 1955 39.1 15.0 18.1 22.0 26.6 4.62 4.50 3.77 2.96 31.6 46. 9 175 32.3 1956 9.21 29.3 11.1 8.78 41.1 6.07 4.53 3.73 2.51 3.38 64. 4 57.6 20.0 1957 14.7 3.76 3.65 3.11 5.47 17.7 76.7 28.7 161 98.4 342 284 86.8 1958 175 10.5 21.7 138 102 353 127 18.9 5.42 78.6 129 43.3 101 1959 112 71.0 55.4 164 67.2 458 219 148 139 273 427 585 228 19c 166 43.9 24.0 25.9 110 612 87.0 10.3 5.35 424 441 436 200 1961 152 19.7 8.41 16.9 30.0 7.33 3.48 2.83 4.57 40.3 126 108 43.6 1962 6.16 4.46 5.40 10.7 7.40 10.3 4.85 2.48 8.66 19.3 140 216 36.3 1963 37.8 11.0 5.87 33.0 143 213 11.9 4.29 1.74 203 41. 1 96.4 66.6 1964 15.4 46.6 23.8 199 223 83.1 64.1 13.5 4.20 155 225 573 135 1965 37.0 5.55 13.8 14.3 16.6 30.0 4.69 3.11 7.48 103 557 118 76.8 1966 62.3 8.64 8.72 23.2 64.6 125 28.1 3.90 50.1 30.5 196 78.3 56.7 77.6 29.4 32.9 50.8 1(14 Lat. 28 12'50", long. 82 40'00". Drainage area: 72.5 sq. mi. (188 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: May 1946 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 86.3 c.f.s. (20 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 3,890 c.f.s. July 30, 1960; minimum, 0.4 c.f.s. May 19, 1956. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 612 c.f.s. March 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 2.48 c.f.s. May 1962. — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 1952. Table 3-23 .--Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Bailey's Bluff and Saddle Key: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3103, Pithlachascotee River near New Port Richey, Fla.i' Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)—' Apr. May July Sept. 1963 1964 1965 1966 19.5 51.9 57.3 28.7 10.4 16.5 17.6 96.3 14.8 21.3 106 18.7 39.8 4.59 23.7 66.3 1.45 LI. 4 1.53 2.22 3.60 3.34 14. J 80.6 88.1 41.5 17.4 57.6 65.8 266 99.4 53.2 291 76.7 45.3 45.0 33.8 Mean 42. 15.5 15.2 44.1 54.8 47.7 13.1 4.15 6.? 56.9 122 117 43.3 ^Location: Lat. 28°15'19", long. 82°39'37". Drainage area: 182 sq. mi. (471 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: March 1963 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 48.3 c.f.s. (3 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 1,410 c.f.s. September 11, 1964; minimum, 0.3 c.f.s. May 26, June 18, 19, 20, 1963. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period April 1963-September 1966: 266 c.f.s. August 1965. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period April 1963-September 1966: 1.45 c.f.s. May 1963. —For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 66 Table 3-24. --Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Saddle Key and South Mangrove Point- U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3107.5, Crystal River near Crystal River, Fla.- Water . Mo nthly and yearly mean disc harge in cubic fe et per secor d (c.f.s .)'-' Oct. Nov. Dec Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1964 1965 1966 1,070 656 650 665 1,130 923 1,140 883 1,230 1,047 1,180 1,260 932 1,020 1,150 927 1,000 1,090 965 550 780 835 840 720 51'J 880 740 466 670 790 631 980 785 Mean 863 658 1,027 1,012 1,139 1,124 1,032 1,018 722 693 695 697 883 •^Location: Lat. 28°54'17", long. 82°38'13". Drainage area: Not available. Records available: February 1964 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 883 c.f.s. (2 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge 4,340 c.f.s. September 11, 1964; Maximum reverse flow, 1,520 c.f.s. September 10, 1964. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-66: 1,260 c.f.s. March 1965. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-66: 466 c.f.s. August 1966. - For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-25. --Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Saddle Key and South Mangrove Point: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3130, Withlacoochee River near Holder, Fla.— Water Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in cu Die feet per secor d ( ;.f.s. )H Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 1,187 945 1,145 831 1,001 1,306 1,351 828 746 586 592 716 935 1953 1,013 1,054 727 646 627 635 907 1,264 669 742 1,669 3,309 1,105 1954 4,567 2,674 2,483 2,844 1,672 1,169 777 642 565 569 851 665 1,628 1955 535 491 482 479 525 410 329 248 234 323 508 1,014 464 1956 865 500 377 377 451 281 239 163 132 148 206 269 334 1957 438 829 409 222 223 253 450 466 611 594 1,198 1,648 612 1958 2,026 978 546 832 1,125 2,495 2,662 1,467 790 963 1,208 824 1,328 1959 801 1,158 856 1,309 1,234 2,160 4,203 2,936 2 ,240 3 ,110 3,847 4,054 2,328 1960 4,018 2,950 1,807 1,355 1,584 4,197 7,096 2,946 1 ,819 2 ,081 5,415 5,221 3,374 1961 6,206 3,068 1,708 1,504 1,473 1,083 776 566 534 645 850 993 1,621 1962 605 586 479 475 463 382 274 L69 225 478 508 789 452 1963 884 (i."i 481 496 730 1,252 833 447 429 461 559 541 645 1964 571 483 504 949 1,955 1,553 1,367 1,124 586 688 1,274 2,716 1,142 1965 3,106 1,284 1,114 1,038 1,028 1,162 793 539 639 889 2,648 2,552 1,403 1966 1,822 1,171 984 996 1,339 2,064 1,453 931 1 ,051 2 ,132 2,507 2,668 1,595 1,910 1,253 940 957 1,029 1,360 1,567 982 751 961 1,589 1,865 1,264 -Location: Lat. 28°59'19", long. 82°20'59". Drainage area: 1,710 sq. mi. (4,429 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: August 1931 to September 1966 and earlier. Mean discharge: 1,183 c.f.s. (35 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 8,660 c.f.s. April 5, 1960; minimum, 112 c.f.s. June 1 Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 7,096 c.f.s. April 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 132 c.f.s. June 1956. 2/ - For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 8, 1956. 67 Table 3-26. --Stream discharge to Waccasassa Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3137, Waccasassa River near Gulf Hammock, Fla.— ' Water Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)!/ vea r— Oct. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1953 103 117 125 123 89.3 1,169 1,093 2,355 303 739 1,724 846 161 318 686 757 140 259 709 194 1,315 600 516 108 151 423 699 411 270 428 89.3 1,169 1,093 2,355 611 160 485 707 964 872 256 111 303 739 1,724 846 629 89.3 105 270 428 256 111 140 259 Mean 434 143 308 483 783 680 189 226 301 555 1,064 585 ■^■'Location: Lat. 29°11'14", long. 82°4b'09". Drainage area: 400 sq. mi. (1,036 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: March 1963 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 585 c.f.s. (4 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 12,200 c.f.s. September 12, 1944; maximum daily reverse flow, 1,810 c.f.s. June 9, 1966. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period April 1963-September 1966: 2,355 c.f.s. September 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period April 1963-September 1966: 89.3 c.f.s. April 1963 and June 1964. 2/ - For example, Water Year began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-27 .--Stream discharge to Waccasassa Bay: U.S. Geological Surv at Lebanon Station, Fla.— ey Station 2-3142, Tenmile Creek Watej . Mor ithly and yearly mear i discha rge in cub ic feet per second (c.f. ,s. )H year— Oct. Nov. Dec Jan , Feb, Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1964 1965 1966 0.93 24.4 98.6 0.12 5.21 5.18 0, 2 3 13 ,23 ,0 ,0 47,7 13.0 13.7 99.6 56.7 71. C 67.5 63.8 72.0 33.3 2.52 12.2 40.4 0.19 1.19 0.02 39.4 25.0 257 40. 47, ,4 3 339 263 121 467 152 68.1 113 57.0 45.7 Mean 41.3 3.50 12 . 1 24.8 75.8 67.8 16.0 13.9 21.5 115 241 229 71.9 -^Location: Lat. 29°09'39", long. 82°38»21". Drainage area: 26 sq. mi. (67 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1963 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 71.9 c.f.s. (3 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 4,290 c.f.s, September 11, 1964; minimum, no flow for many days in 1964. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-o6: 467 c.f.s. September 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-66: 0.02 c.f.s^. June 1964. 2/ -For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 68 Wateij, year— Table 3-28. — Stream discharge to Suwannee Sound: U.S. Geological Survey. Station 2-3235, Suwannee River near Wilcox, Fla.— Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)— r- Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug Sept. The year 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 Mean ~T7 6,987 5,239 17,880 4,263 4,244 4,788 12',710 6,074 9,906 14,120 7,458 5,366 4,865 25,810 11,550 9,905 4,865 11,030 4,128 3,718 4,399 8,266 5,597 10,440 9,524 5,880 4,589 4,178 17,350 7,935 10,070 4,590 11,790 4,078 3,575 3,880 12,270 5,273 8,548 7,427 5,343 4,649 4,153 20,970 7,348 12,190 4,662 17,120 4,088 3,610 3,799 11,220 6,381 9,505 7,773 5,519 5,838 9,774 21,470 10,910 11,410 7,204 11,680 4,541 4,382 3,602 10,920 10,340 11,350 10,360 5,598 10,550 17,850 20,000 19,270 15,690 9,212 9,282 4,387 5,582 3,796 15,250 24,910 19,470 11,690 8,087 14,190 25,800 30,300 29,680 13,190 10,600 7,464 4,742 4,631 6,116 19,560 31,220 24,040 13,650 14,730 10,090 17,790 26,590 19,780 8,356 9,475 5,955 4,422 7,371 5,691 19,510 16,340 15,800 16,240 9,387 6,345 23,470 15,740 13,040 7,210 6,132 5,204 4,174 4,924 11,180 12,640 21,690 9,747 9,132 6., 174 5,355 13,310 11,550 17,280 5,331 6,401 5,051 4,104 4,924 10,000 16,380 15,480 11,210 8,180 5,637 7,304 11,630 15,320 15,030 4,888 8,832 4,594 3,958 4,546 8,690 11,610 13,820 13,670 7,850 5,837 6,739 20,090 14,400 16,520 5,023 12,860 4,360 4,644 4,122 8,383 7,795 10,820 11,550 11,130 6,049 5,263 27,910 11,470 12,500 9,417 7,454 7,598 8,924 10,604 15,155 14,946 11,809 9,713 9,465 9,736 9,592 Location: Lat. 29 36', long. 82 56'. Drainage area: 9,730 sq. mi. (25,201 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1941 to September 1966 and earlier. Mean discharge: 10,740 c.f.s. (26 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 84,700 c.f.s. April 14, 1948; minimum daily, 3,270 c.f.s. February 24, 1957. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 31,220 c.f.s. April 1959. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 3,575 c.f.s. December 1955. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 9,179 7,496 9,290 4,291 4,640 6,201 13,210 13,990 12,930 10,590 7,142 7,172 15,050 19,270 15,040 10,366 Table 3-29. --Stream discharge to Deadman Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3240, Steinhatchee River near Cross City, Fla.— Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in ci_ ibic feet per secon d (c.f.s. & Water year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Md V June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 129 1,291 400 212 808 413 184 26.2 48.9 31.4 146 402 337 1953 347 35.5 23.7 126 121 53.5 695 96.0 208 476 590 1,453 351 1954 1,021 209 998 560 159 103 153 122 16.1 634 105 97. 6 352 1955 66. 3 13.0 31.3 61. 5 329 59.9 30.3 10.5 9.50 22.0 42.0 174 68.8 1956 16. 11.2 7.53 14. 2 56.9 35.3 15.9 89.6 14.4 82.9 50.8 29. 5 35.4 1957 262 51.4 22.4 15. 5 13.0 53.9 87.4 137 925 503 478 725 273 1958 1,436 98.5 405 396 390 875 677 99.4 174 717 216 56. (i 465 1959 97. 5 108 67.8 464 239 1,889 490 611 621 780 585 880 573 1960 973 358 259 220 630 1,356 525 72.3 55.3 547 780 437 519 1961 1,340 83.0 45.0 233 474 214 305 47.3 23.9 51.1 78.7 253 262 1962 18. ,9 16.9 33.3 62. 2 58.6 76.5 45.0 9.09 22.6 22.1 220 471 87.8 1963 90. ,0 36.9 111 169 716 598 47.8 16.6 35.6 483 217 82. 9 215 1964 205 35.0 76.3 819 972 896 253 582 37.3 1,305 1,830 3,820 901 1965 423 90.2 530 247 275 654 145 94.4 106 321 551 249 309 1966 40 7 74.2 171 524 985 898 164 377 537 167 1,002 572 487 Mean 455 167 212 275 415 545 254 159 189 410 459 647 349 -Location: Lat. 29°47'11", long. 83 19' 18". Drainage area: 350 sq. mi. (907 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: February 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 336 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 17,600 c.f.s. September 13, 14, 1964; minimum, 3.4 c.f.s. June 27, 28, 1950. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 3,820 c.f.s. September 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 7.53 c.f.s. December 1955. 2/ - For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 69 Table 3-30. --Stream discharge to Gulf of Mexico between Deadman Bay and Econfina River: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3245, Fenholloway River at Foley, Fla.— Mor ;thly and yearly mean discha rge in cu bic feet per secon d (c.f.s. ) 3 -< Water vear— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 65.7 310 129 81.8 232 Ill 50.6 14.3 14.3 11.9 114 63.8 98.9 1953 42.4 15.5 12.8 15.2 55.0 41.6 401 49.8 184 213 324 383 144 1954 210 37.3 180 121 46.9 37.9 33.3 49.9 43.4 75.5 87. 3 50.8 81.9 1955 50.7 50.6 39.9 33.3 39.5 33.3 34.0 32.8 33.5 83.9 51. 9 126 50.8 1956 61.0 72.0 40.0 43.3 74.3 63.4 49.6 104 41.8 64.1 63. 5 48.5 60.4 1957 72.8 51.2 46.7 48.6 42.0 44.5 54.0 95.5 614 115 120 394 141 H5S 527 83.2 214 130 114 286 411 80.5 130 210 125 65.1 199 10SJ 47.7 53.7 51.4 10d 115 518 257 193 188 210 156 224 177 1960 190 146 111 118 254 1 th 243 77.7 74.9 119 365 192 185 1961 417 96.5 75.0 152 211 110 90.8 74.8 79.3 80.8 41. 7 80.6 125 1962 71.2 70.6 71.2 69.0 85.7 77.9 84.1 78.7 78.4 58.9 63. 7 132 78.2 1963 110 81.3 81.2 182 262 210 78.8 72.9 86.9 97.2 70. 6 81.5 117 1964 76.3 64.9 60.7 260 290 378 143 288 82.0 374 654 1,137 117 1965 251 103 269 102 175 273 114 98.3 140 186 219 101 L70 1966 11 82.3 82.8 205 346 282 118 151 160 110 445 134 1 8 5 Mean 154 87.9 97.6 1 11 156 187 144 97.4 130 134 193 214 142 Location: Lat. 30 03'53", long. 83 32'01". Drainage area: 80 sq. mi. (207 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: September 1946 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 128 c.f.s. (20 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 4,810 c.f.s. September 12, 1964; minimum, 2.8 c.f.s. August 19, 1961. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,137 c.f.s. September 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 11.9 c.f.s. July 1952. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952, Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-31 .--Stream discharge to Apalachee lay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3260, Econfina River near Perry, Fla.-' :? Monthly and yearly mean discharge in feet per second (c.f.s.)- Apr . May July Sept. The year 1952 38.6 288 195 133 289 259 124 36.3 34, 1 25.7 149 184 145 1953 87.9 31.5 27.4 32.7 146 83. 3 398 107 359 147 225 285 160 1954 271 76.9 288 180 66.8 45. '. 30.7 24.0 26. 2 24.4 21. 2 18.7 90.2 1955 14.9 11.0 10.7 12.6 21.3 14. 5 13.2 7.73 4, 80 4.49 28. 1 74.8 18.1 1956 24.3 25.7 19.5 20.4 50.5 47. 7 29.1 57.5 20. 7 40.9 20. 7 17.9 31.2 1957 21.2 14.3 12.1 9.47 7.50 9. 97 27.0 28.9 432 204 357 1,266 198 1958 772 103 298 208 181 400 604 160 228 381 116 38.0 292 1959 24.6 27.4 20.9 45.0 96.9 746 364 124 207 171 150 185 181 L96r 239 182 72.3 99.9 311 486 416 79.5 134 218 L86 118 211 1961 450 6(1.2 53.0 131 209 151 56.5 31.3 31. 6 28.4 19. 4 23.2 104 1962 13.2 9.86 10.7 17.6 18.0 26. 4 354 31.6 21. 3 13.6 12. 9 26.2 45.9 1963 17.6 9.95 17.2 64.2 106 136 33.7 21.3 26. 3 44.1 58. 6 25.4 46.5 1964 26.7 18.0 29.6 273 349 494 154 379 80. 181 476 645 259 1965 242 71.8 292 116 L48 514 159 142 230 249 169 56.9 200 1966 91.9 36.7 75.1 175 474 354 94.4 97.3 107 51.5 298 82.0 L60 Mean 156 64.4 94.8 101 165 251 L9) 88.5 129 119 152 203 143 -Location: Lat. 30 10' 14", long. 83 49' 26". Drainage area: 230 sq. mi. (596 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: February 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 136 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 2,540 c.f.s. September 17, 1957; minimum, 2.3 c.f.s. July 8, 1955. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,266 c.f.s. September 1957. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 4.49 c.f.s. July 1955. 2/ -For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 70 Table 3-32. --Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3265, Aucilla River at Lamont, Fla.— 3/ Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)—' Feb. Apr. Ma y July Sept. The year 1952 10.8 183 285 272 484 »','. 575 78.6 16.2 11 .9 30.0 116 242 1953 40.9 13.9 15.5 21.8 106 138 854 202 381 181 314 380 220 1954 420 112 519 478 185 126 59. 5 20.5 13.0 9.03 8.36 5.21 164 1955 3.03 4.36 6.04 4.74 5. 71 2. 95 2. 58 0.89 0.08 0.34 0.13 1.57 2.68 1956 ' 1.25 2.18 2.79 5.67 12. 6 13. 8. 52 23.2 4.77 39.1 4.30 2.41 10.0 1957 1.96 0.73 0.58 0.17 3. 12 38. 6 19.1 381 159 167 2,674 284 1958 2,220 272 829 517 467 1,171 1,936 680 703 711 317 95.0 830 1959 30.3 22.4 21.5 60.9 417 2,944 1,194 338 918 486 320 305 589 1960 575 568 210 347 779 1,397 2,121 374 106 158 107 123 569 1961 411 60.8 77.9 275 407 561 569 208 129 124 94.5 128 253 1962 20.4 18.1 22.0 69.7 98. 1 178 1,920 125 42.5 18.2 16.8 30.6 211 1963 15.6 13.4 18.4 126 406 566 137 19.6 19.2 14.9 11.1 8.79 111 1964 4.68 1.29 13.9 236 690 1,718 518 2,524 141 606 L , 765 1,337 800 1965 707 281 2,923 718 1,460 3,519 1,587 2,137 1,692 1,511 812 237 1 ,471 1966 311 76.3 236 773 2,260 2,901 442 300 606 312 507 142 731 109 260 1,073 470 2/ Location: Lat. 30 22 ' 11" , long. 83 48'25". Drainage area: 680 sq. mi. (1,761 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: February 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 407 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 6,580 c.f.s. September 18, 1957; minimum, no flow for many days in 1955, 1957. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 3,519 c.f.s. March 1965. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: No flow February 1957. —For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. .s. x 28.3. 3/ — Liters per second c.f. Table 3-33. -Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3269, St. Marks River near Newport, Fla.jV Watej; Monthly and y early mean disc :harge in cubic feet per secor id (c.f.s .)!/ year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1957 449 396 360 345 335 338 410 462 858 581 546 1,563 553 1958 1959 1 ,375 448 642 423 668 425 585 479 588 633 1 836 ,338 1,107 976 725 919 800 1,169 733 1,034 64J 838 541 1,049 772 811 1960 1961 1962 1963 1 1 ,365 ,032 491 557 976 649 410 417 707 602 450 497 711 633 425 611 857 710 400 640 1 ,020 679 474 650 1,265 606 1,070 433 744 514 541 401 564 471 369 430 666 56] 388 630 h IK 644 5 1 7 574 756 1,152 634 4/7 8 5 5 687 514 5 2 / 1964 496 388 378 760 712 917 548 946 560 1,304 1,322 970 777 1965 1966 759 804 637 656 1,470 704 885 885 1 1 ,019 ,179 1 1 ,503 ,804 1,076 902 1,474 697 1,465 870 1,379 647 1,104 769 /I 5 572 1,126 873 Mean 778 559 626 632 707 956 839 742 756 792 7 59 843 750 3/ Lat. 30°16'00", long. 84°09'00". Drainage area: 220 sq. mi. (570 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1956 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 750 c.f.s. (10 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 4,010 c.f.s. September 18, 1957; minimum, 310 c.f.s. April 25, 1964. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 1,804 c.f.s. March 1966. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 335 c.f.s. February 1957. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second r= c.f.s. x 28.3. 71 Table 3-34. --Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3300, Ochlockonee River near Bloxham, Fla.i' Water i Mo nthly and yearly mean disc ;harge in cubic feet per secor id (c.f.s .)!' year— ' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 146 663 2,208 1,358 3,156 3,605 2,354 1,022 681 115 729 860 1,401 1953 3 1 -V"-' 554 731 2,061 1,502 3,212 649 413 1,671 917 1,045 1,097 1954 949 474 3,557 2,849 1,074 1,252 632 420 260 220 300 170 1,019 1955 50.0 52.5 126 398 592 296 1,036 242 102 321 338 259 315 1956 72.9 62.0 159 427 1,417 974 424 1,398 410 1,401 336 619 640 1957 765 207 265 248 243 682 1,091 943 2,017 1,130 435 3,381 948 1958 3,260 1,383 2,630 2,174 2,351 4,230 6,752 2,377 2,055 2,420 1,732 120 2,626 1959 55.6 76.5 82.6 746 3, .815 7,312 3,437 1,350 3,894 2,106 1,466 1,135 2,109 1960 2,314 1,678 1,503 1,982 4,114 3,376 6,541 1,407 1,276 1,716 969 3,586 2,522 1961 2,854 654 687 1,294 2,334 2,738 5,210 1,506 1,031 1,260 1,030 1,195 1,810 1962 377 65.5 050 600 969 1,488 3,757 201 240 214 284 414 766 1963 253 321 870 2,536 3,048 2,415 805 677 638 1,311 624 448 1,153 1964 457 282 964 4,694 4,239 7,003 2,994 4,880 683 2,817' 4,028 2,099 2,937 1965 3,792 1,297 8,913 3,614 9,203 7,831 5,162 2,101 4,470 2,944 2,015 858 4,325 1966 1,357 535 1,399 3,845 5,463 6,574 1,366 2,254 2,542 1,448 2,915 1,429 2,583 Mean 1,134 531 1,638 1,833 2,939 3,419 2,985 1,428 1,381 1,406 1,208 1,175 1,750 1/ Location: Lat. 30°23'00", long. 84°39'15". Drainage area: 1,660 sq. mi. (4,299 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: June 1926 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 1,698 c.f.s. (40 years). Extremes: Maximum daily discharge, 55,000 c.f.s. September 30, 1957, caused by failure of earth embankment of Jackson Bluff Dam 3,000 ft. upstream; maximum discharge unaffected by embankment failure, 50,200 c.f.s. April 5, 1948; minimum, since October 1954, 1.0 c.f.s. November 1, 2, 1957, caused by closure of breaks in earth embankment of Jackson Bluff Dam. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 9,203 c.f.s. February 1965. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 50 c.f.s. October 1954. i'For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-35. --Stream discharge to Apalachee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3301, Telogia Creek near Bristol, Fla.i' Water year— Mont :hly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s. ) 3 J Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 46.6 170 337 142 384 307 239 102 79.8 62.9 159 113 178 1953 73.0 62.8 71.4 150 2()|] 108 162 74. 8 135 149 123 276 131 1954 144 173 487 262 161 175 110 70. 7 70.7 75.4 47.0 38.4 152 1955 35.4 53.5 69.7 92. 4 91.0 45.1 313 82. 5 " 44.0 76.0 86.7 78.1 88.6 1956 52.4 58.0 69.3 134 222 119 80.6 215 149 510 114 323 171 1957 247 101 101 90. 5 81.6 143 127 146 168 159 93.9 433 158 1958 418 346 274 284 256 442 615 327 354 241 168 85.4 318 1959 77.5 117 92.0 167 310 571 284 262 476 337 180 196 257 1960 433 212 196 210 519 256 yj.i 155 171 341 365 471 323 1961 292 132 130 183 254 218 313 138 128 259 228 255 211 1962 75.6 84.8 133 112 143 120 391 58. 2 92.4 103 99.0 123 127 1963 82.7 108 231 274 259 158 85.7 Ill 166 326 171 108 173 1964 92.6 81.1 186 479 392 448 246 188 100 232 337 260 254 1965 743 236 749 352 690 651 459 251 605 373 394 245 478 1966 305 176 249 512 497 592 171 212 191 119 399 311 311 Mean 208 142 225 230 297 290 279 160 195 224 198 221 222 Lat. 30 25'35", long. 84 55'40". Drainage area: 126 sq. mi. (326 sq. km.). Records available: March 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 216 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 8,280 c.f.s. December 5, 1964; minimum, 28 c.f.s. September 14, October 26, 27, 1954. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 749 c.f.s. December 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 35.4 c.f.s. October 1954. 2/ -For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 72 Table 3-36. --Stream discharge to St. George Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3303, New River near Wilraa, Fla.- 3/ Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1965 1966 428 329 45.6 24.9 602 166 173 409 457 321 404 370 73.0 4.41 47.3 235 418 in i 350 99.9 298 422 107 441 283 261 Mean 379 35.3 384 291 389 387 38.7 141 361 225 360 274 272 -Location: Lat. 30°07*40", long. 84°53'15". Drainage area: 81.7 sq. mi. (212 sq. km.). Records available: October 1964 Co September 1966. Mean discharge: 272 c.f.s. (2 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 2,720 c.f.s. September 20, 1966; minimum, no flow May 28 to June 8, 1965. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-66: 602 c.f.s. December 1964. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1964-66: 4.41 c.f.s. April 1966. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-37. --Stream discharge to Apalachicola Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3587, Apalachicola River near Blountstown, Fla.— Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)— Water, year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1958 16,564 19,240 25,674 21,426 30,657 49,074 41,720 21,355 16,757 21,664 17,545 11,929 24,439 1959 10,323 9,167 12,068 18,197 37,354 43,542 29,883 19,416 34,383 16,568 12,894 13,226 21,285 1960 15,832 17,355 17,142 26,484 47,814 38,916 66,623 20,745 14,150 13,684 14,519 13,327 25,402 1961 14,225 10,806 12,171 13,268 30,339 50,929 53,920 29,164 19,417 20,106 16,061 15,593 23,833 1962 8,860 9,328 29,613 32,058 30,475 44,371 52,510 18,365 14,853 12,916 10,730 9,747 22,819 1963 9,301 14,451 11,675 28,321 31,216 29,587 18,178 22,125 17,464 20,350 12,567 8,614 18,654 1964 9,334 8,886 16,942 49 , 445 49 , 200 65,290 65,053 49,125 16,590 24,929 28,429 17,723 33,394 1965 37,911 20,426 37,657 40,105 50,489 50,907 38,771 19,568 26,070 22,262 16,481 12,658 31,072 1966 17,550 13,420 16,290 32,960 55,290 71,600 25,120 28,000 22,010 13,635 16,840 12,390 26,960 in 15,544 13,675 19,915 29,140 40,315 49,357 43,531 25,318 20,188 18,457 16,230 12,801 25,318 1/ Location: Lat. 30°25'30", long. 85°01'53". Drainage area: 17,600 sq. mi. (45,584 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: October 1957 to September 1966 and earlier. Mean discharge: 25,318 c.f.s. (9 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 162,500 c.f.s. April 9, 1960; minimum daily, 6,280 c.f.s. October 29, 1962. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 71,600 c.f.s. March 1966. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1957-66: 8,614 c.f.s. September 1963. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951 and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3, 73 Table 3-38. --Stream discharge to Apalachicola Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3590, Chipola River near Altha, Fla.- Moi ithly and yearly mean discharge in cu bic feet per secoi id (c.f.s. >2/ ve3r— Oct. No V. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. M t i\ June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 507 907 1,437 1,306 2,229 2,406 1,533 965 785 638 700 785 1,179 1953 589 548 584 833 1,759 1,822 2,621 1,635 903 949 846 860 1,157 1954 SQo 740 3,303 2,589 1,494 1,659 1,226 867 714 625 553 465 1,264 1955 ~:,s -Hl'l 450 518 671 540 937 833 573 559 878 574 613 1956 422 389 394 473 1,145 1,340 914 854 720 1,227 792 872 794 1957 1,016 831 909 820 681 957 1,363 1,274 1,390 882 757 1,694 1,048 1958 2,120 1 ,557 1,910 1,909 2,063 2,859 2,937 1,858 1,610 1,505 1,283 883 1,874 1959 787 763 792 900 1,738 3,032 2,47 5 1,554 2,090 1,509 1,321 1,120 1,504 1960 1,537 1 ,776 1,381 1,864 2,472 2,367 4,511 1,562 1,173 1,168 1,067 1,074 1,822 1961 1,199 767 750 998 1,520 1,644 2,769 1,399 1,144 1,153 1,154 1,493 1,329 1962 791 735 1,078 1,419 1,582 1,754 2,870 1,016 810 784 729 633 1,179 1963 674 623 880 1,719 1,881 1,638 1,068 893 932 1,511 1,361 760 1,159 1964 713 594 1,086 4,021 3,064 3,924 2,818 3,890 1,288 1,615 1,993 1,938 2,247 1965 3,125 1 ,647 2,754 2,637 2,975 3,198 2,283 1,307 2,059 1,746 1,299 893 2,158 1966 1,797 977 1,147 1,775 2,896 4,032 1,468 1,164 910 820 1,267 967 1,597 Mean 1,107 884 1,257 1,585 1,878 2,211 2,120 1,405 1,140 1,113 1,067 1,001 1,395 -Location: Lat. 30°32'02", long. SS^og'SS". Drainage area: 781 sq. mi. (2,023 sq. km.). Records available: March 1943 to September 1966 and earlier. Mean discharge: 1,533 c.f.s. (31 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 25,000 c.f.s. September 20, 1926; minimum, 356 c.f.s. November 17, 18, 19. 1955. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 4,511 c.f.s. April 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 389 c.f.s. November 1955. 2/ - For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-39. -Stream discharge to North Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3595, Econfina Creek near Bennett, Fla.I/ Water, year — Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c, .f.s.)2/ Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 43 5 40 5 ;<;', 427 533 500 484 416 384 371 452 510 464 1953 433 427 426 424 521 486 538 472 476 488 499 572 48i) 1954 531 531 742 593 537 545 510 485 462 489 445 431 525 1955 409 405 400 402 398 374 401 359 342 356 352 344 379 1956 337 323 317 350 382 358 332 337 357 544 409 468 376 1957 449 376 400 358 348 379 395 466 522 442 486 793 451 1958 716 598 579 v-so 574 652 795 742 800 761 686 585 673 1959 541 551 504 514 598 664 656 591 614 662 601 627 593 1960 706 572 597 622 679 605 773 569 564 589 637 605 626 1961 566 495 488 509 508 522 538 505 479 , :>) r > 584 571 525 1962 460 436 498 429 459 450 551 392 405 4(1 7 426 485 450 1963 4 29 420 426 492 461 432 388 380 413 537 559 513 454 1964 494 455 518 753 671 766 705 634 526 666 719 702 634 1965 769 610 6 2 5 574 650 691 657 536 686 650 692 582 644 1966 537 565 597 660 745 540 545 537 522 606 612 596 Mean 530 482 510 509 532 545 5 5 1 495 504 535 544 560 525 Location: Lat. 30°23'04", long. 85°33'24". Drainage area: 182 sq. mi. (471 sq. km.). Records available: October 1935 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 537 c.f.s. (31 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 4,860 c.f.s. April 2, 1948; minimum, 307 c.f.s. January 9, 1956. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 800 c.f.s. June 1958. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 317 c.f.s. December 1955. 3/ For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 74 Table 3-40. --Stream discharge to Choctawhatchee Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3665, Choctawhatchee River near Bruce, Fla.— Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in ci bic feet per secor d (c.f.s. >2/ Water, year— Oct. Nov, Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 2,191 3,763 5,535 5,037 10,360 12,340 9,008 4,367 3,852 2,373 3,739 4,191 5,541 1953 2,169 2,293 3,084 6,593 9,979 8,857 11,290 9,785 3,376 4,570 3,186 3,019 5,656 1954 9,221 4,275 25,970 13,760 6,691 8,431 6,702 3,181 2,491 2,356 1,862 1,666 7,259 1955 , 1,582 1,742 2,176 2,721 4,399 2,534 7,695 5,309 3.630 3,526 4,228 2,520 3,493 1956 1,881 1,858 1,945 2,344 6,023 8,032 4,768 2,785 2,619 4,063 2,235 3,010 3,454 1957 10,730 3,069 5,877 7,404 4,591 5,025 14,020 6,708 4,669 3,950 2,182 5,191 6,124 1958 5,485 5,143 7,592 6,915 8,729 13,120 11,010 5,000 4,415 7,384 5,731 3,346 6,986 1959 2,696 2,670 3,161 4,547 11,150 13,410 10,800 5,034 9,842 4,483 4,265 4,550 6,338 1960 7,112 9,060 6,704 7,906 lu,960 11,310 26,430 6,514 3,811 3,930 4,181 3,363 8,402 1961 3,464 2,437 3,20u 4,277 b,942 11,940 18,590 6,246 6,262 6,340 5,595 9,147 7,015 1962 2,368 2,764 7,249 9,456 10,750 10,940 16,050 4,590 3,116 2,852 ^,460 2,427 6,216 1963 2,538 2,475 3,161 9,204 10,680 7,294 4,358 2,647 3,646 6,174 6,434 2,545 5,071 1964 6,144 3,000 7,358 17,290 12,970 18,480 13,180 17,030 4,502 8,485 14,210 8,801 10,980 1965 12,250 5,391 12,410 12,490 14,280 14,280 9,748 5,146 5,346 5,215 5,662 3,180 8,769 1966 6,889 3,368 5,049 10,060 17,220 21,610 6,050 5,216 4,204 3,197 4,125 2,588 7,422 5,115 3,554 6,698 8,003 9,715 10,507 11,313 5,971 4,385 4,673 3,970 'Location: Lat. 30 27'03", lo.ig. 85 53'54". Drainage area: 4,384 sq. mi. (11,355 sq. km.). Records available: October 1930 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 7,073 c.f.s. (36 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 69,600 c.f.s. August 19, 20, 1939; minimum, 1,480 c.f.s. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 26,430 c.f.s. April 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,582 c.f.s. October 1954. —For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. 28.3. October 9, 1954. Table 3-41. --Stream discharge to Choctawhatchee Bay: U.S. Geological .Survey Station 2-3670, Alaqua Creek near De Funiak Springs, Fla.— Monthly and yearly mea n discha rge in cub ic feet per seco nd (c.f.s. ) 3 J Watej;. year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 50.9 95.6 127 78.9 218 156 134 86.6 61.4 48.3 176 119 1 1 .' 1953 68.6 69.7 84.3 153 222 143 309 130 123 118 113 254 148 1954 159 152 517 250 171 203 115 86.5 66.1 77.7 48.4 46. 6 158 1955 39.3 43.9 47.1 53.1 78.1 43.4 94.8 40.0 32.6 97.7 126 97. 7 66.0 1956 85.5 61.3 58.5 82.2 172 177 112 79.2 171 246 101 242 132 1957 204 105 110 85.0 72.0 98.2 147 102 166 138 L06 336 139 1958 212 200 170 250 231 234 254 149 147 141 166 104 188 1959 75.5 76.3 74.3 104 160 302 225 145 260 281 290 266 188 1960 328 202 161 209 233 216 413 143 96.9 126 156 192 206 1961 119 99.0 94.1 112 149 155 186 122 168 171 245 156 148 1962 74.5 82.8 249 279 169 163 201 86.4 91.8 70.4 77.5 88. 9 136 1963 58.0 71.4 85.7 198 182 120 80.4 99.5 191 247 226 172 144 1964 121 118 165 361 255 317 357 226 130 207 394 234 241 1965 359 156 255 209 243 266 .'In 116 215 215 170 115 211 1966 189 116 128 223 17 1 376 163 148 107 116 93.7 78. 4 1 75 19£ 200 166 167 1 V-l Lat. 30 37'00", long. 86 09'50". Drainage area: 65.6 sq. mi. (170 sq. km.). Records available: April 1951 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 159 c.f.s. (15 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge 9,020 c.f.s. September 26, 1953; minimum, 27 c.f.s. June 9, 21, 22, 30, July 1, 1955. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 517 c.f.s. December 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 32.6 c.f.s. June 1955. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 75 Table 3-42.-- Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensaco la): U. S. Geologic^ Fla.i' il Survey Station 2-3680, Yellow River at Mi lligan, Wa t e r Monthly anc 1 yearly i rcean disc harge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)i/ vear-T. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 270 55 7 873 715 1,334 1,927 1,130 667 376 315 697 433 773 1953 227 242 422 810 1,293 960 1,572 1,792 544 703 444 2,104 921 1954 1,284 1,094 6,232 2,034 1,121 1,224 987 449 352 401 237 182 1,308 1955 153 201 286 371 786 405 1,773 903 464 667 1,000 320 608 1956 347 329 323 512 1,215 1,656 822 443 610 971 362 1,144 725 1957 1,238 501 2,189 1,053 826 1,201 3,554 1,748 1,107 651 390 870 1,279 1958 695 1,017 1,058 1,125 1,150 1,643 1,164 617 592 1,368 815 633 990 1959 376 407 503 669 1,804 1,641 1,452 838 2,271 893 816 994 1,047 1960 1,379 1,291 1,068 1,159 1,994 1,558 3,979 1,250 754 756 840 710 1,388 1961 633 414 583 896 1,928 2,074 3,766 1,049 1,588 1,059 1,395 1,693 1,414 1962 398 606 1,963 1,347 2,557 1,645 2,800 747 673 486 396 344 1,153 1963 .+03 384 665 2,109 2,038 1,147 654 410 569 1,069 851 417 888 1964 478 471 1,014 2,474 1,718 2,447 2,415 2,226 618 1,422 2,490 1,208 1,585 1965 1,558 1,023 1,493 1,207 2,345 1,676 1,182 497 611 627 716 444 1,108 1966 1,392 484 777 1,532 2,295 2,653 800 729 436 410 423 249 1,010 Mean T 722 6i 1 1,297 1,201 1,627 1,590 1,870 958 ;/i 1,080 Location: Lat. 30°45'10", long. 86°37'45". Drainage area: 624 sq. mi. (1,616 sq. km.). Records available: July 1938 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 1,151 c.f.s. (28 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 28,000 c.f.s. December 6, 1953; minimum, 143 c.f.s. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 6,232 c.f.s. December 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 153 c.f.s. October 1954. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second — c.f.s. x 28.3. October 25, 1954. Table 3-43 .--Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3690, Shoal River near Crestview, Fla.— Monthly and year ly mean d ischarge in cubic feet per second (c .f.s.)£/ Water year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar . Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 407 679 696 576 1,188 995 854 610 461 374 789 568 681 1953 344 338 470 741 1,155 803 1,463 680 566 980 700 1,994 848 1954 1,061 932 3,601 1,891 1,182 1,371 944 688 567 753 441 376 1,155 1955 304 331 373 430 640 365 697 1,135 469 637 772 463 551 1956 442 346 345 488 912 1,078 682 481 754 859 497 1,578 703 1957 1,226 626 1,142 713 620 649 1,244 7,5 1 967 567 524 1,505 880 1958 873 984 852 993 1,040 1,412 1,264 769 786 1,238 1,097 729 1,004 1959 507 512 511 668 1,245 1,571 1,475 1,202 2,490 1,256 1,294 1,387 1,173 1960 2,155 1,639 1,296 1,493 1,798 1,621 3,056 1,202 797 1,197 1,153 1,169 1,545 1961 1,008 687 785 948 1,564 1,516 1,974 985 1,496 1,149 1,776 1,510 1,279 1962 597 622 1,393 1,499 1,836 1,319 2,125 714 666 605 491 480 1,023 1963 4 J 5 469 636 1,236 1,773 893 563 539 1,034 1,120 999 886 876 1964 924 737 1,186 2,282 1,651 2,030 2,743 1,814 1,001 1,295 2,166 1,416 1,605 1965 1,826 1,190 2,170 1,502 1,868 1,553 1,113 638 1,002 973 1,270 804 1,325 1966 1,470 643 804 i ,235 1,805 2,194 904 1,125 680 Mill) 615 447 1,058 Mean 105 716 1,084 1,113 1,352 1,291 1,407 891 916 920 9 1 2 1,021 1,047 2/ Lat. 30 41'5u", long. Bo J4'15". Drainage area: 474 sq. mi. (1,228 sq. km.). Records available: July 1938 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 1,092 c.f.s. (28 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 21,700 c.f.s. July 7, Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1940; minimum, .263 c.f.s. May 3,601 c.f.s. December 1953. 304 c.f.s. October 1954. 13, 14, 1955. For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 1952. 76 Table 3-44. --Stream discharge to 'East Bay (Pensacola) : U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3700, Blackwater River near Baker, Fla.i' Mo ithly and yearly mean disch arge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s. )H Water year—' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. Ma 3 June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 75. 1 124 204 160 469 527 297 155 100 88.9 146 102 203 1953 72. 72. 112 223 456 238 638 506 152 283 149 459 278 1954 183 324 2,029 422 248 403 238 121 92.0 105 75.6 65.9 362 1955 64. 72. 2 79. 3 96.8 205 86.1 615 284 102 135 177 78.3 16 r j 1956 75. 67. 8 74. 2 119 297 450 144 96.9 L42 235 88.8 334 176 1957 196 89. 2 560 219 ' I ', 283 983 260 195 173 120 344 (03 1958 248 310 276 348 337 434 304 162 258 421 259 218 2«H 1959 111 114 1 10 172 489 420 423 339 656 '.'/ 242 364 305 1960 615 301 251 324 539 426 1,102 325 161 210 155 207 !83 1961 266 134 1 1 5 271 699 560 1,130 294 634 397 628 4J6 465 1962 147 256 670 439 1,158 509 784 165 240 167 145 138 S96 1963 138 127 212 595 577 292 150 128 208 252 270 118 254 1964 93. 5 149 239 750 483 578 879 543 223 5 1 7 765 269 460 1965 314 244 506 364 769 476 321 1 !2 210 264 288 125 349 1966 648 140 219 425 656 635 224 1 >,H 144 117 179 101 318 Mean 216 168 382 329 506 421 549 257 234 241 .'4i, 237 314 ■^Location: Lat. 30°50'O0", Long. 86°44'05". Drainage area: 205 sq. mi. (531 sq. km.). Records available: March 1950 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 305 c.f.s. (16 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 17,200 c.f.s. December 4, 1953; minimum, 60 c.f.s. September 7, 8, 1954. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 2,029 c.f.s. December 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 64.0 c.f.s. October 1954. -'For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951 and ended September 30, 1952. —Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-45. --Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3702, Big Juniper Creek near Munson, Fla.— Water . Mont hly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s. ) 3 -> Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan , Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1958 72.6 63.6 84.5 55.2 37.4 76.3 87.5 44.7 61.1 1959 29.3 32.9 36.7 43.0 97.0 71.5 73.5 65.6 89.2 53.7 57.0 65.7 59.6 1960 1961 1962 130 56.2 59.4 70.5 109 96.6 171 68.2 39.5 71.6 47.9 70.1 82.5 72.6 42.6 47.8 63.7 128 99.7 172 57.5 156 66.2 105 91.5 91.4 1963 44.8 38.8 62.5 117 107 59.5 37.1 31.9 45.9 59.5 61.4 30.7 57.8 1964 21.5 33.6 44.3 117 84.0 104 167 94.4 47.9 83.5 79.7 41.4 76.5 1965 56.9 49.7 88.8 55.3 115 70.6 45.5 25.0 36.6 42.7 74.0 59.6 59.5 1966 90.6 33.2 48.5 70.9 120 89.4 44.1 66.4 28.7 24.8 42.1 22.2 56.5 Mean 63.7 41.0 55.4 76.3 103 84.5 95.7 55.8 65.0 61.2 64.0 55.3 69.1 -Location: Lat. 30"51'50", long. 86"54'20". Drainage area: 36 sq. mi. (93 sq. km.), approximately. Records available: January 1958 to September 1960; October 1961 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 69.1 c.f.s. (7 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 3,900 c.f.s. June 20, 1961; minimum, 14 c.f.s. July 13, 14, 1966. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1958-66: 172 c.f.s. April 1962. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1958-66: 21.5 c.f.s. October 1963. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 77 Table 3-46. --Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola) : U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3705, Creek near Milton, Fla.i./ Big Coldwater Ha : s c Monthly and yearly mean disc harge in cubic feet per second (c ,f.s.)3/ vearz Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 273 376 loo 209 554 614 501 364 284 267 293 349 380 1953 ::-o 232 297 381 561 409 706 576 356 371 327 552 415 1954 293 438 1,383 57: 484 643 414 298 267 323 233 225 466 1955 213 ::: 234 280 468 253 797 325 225 298 308 217 318 1956 239 2 6 207 273 431 566 271 223 328 425 208 505 323 1957 340 :i: 502 297 308 340 1 ,114 549 552 368 302 832 476 1958 419 528 419 5i7 47 2 647 456 365 597 638 453 560 508 1959 )21 338 343 376 675 ■,l,0 526 407 583 407 487 491 458 1960 866 499 so : 5 47 668 651 i ,176 556 393 656 490 951 662 1961 547 418 448 564 1,028 936 1 ,330 546 1,145 785 886 915 792 1962 452 551 " J ." 1,159 673 1 ,002 384 47 7 401 349 434 605 1963 J87 364 442 717 615 463 349 313 445 442 381 310 435 1964 255 ill 373 762 569 682 1 ,061 724 456 593 693 329 573 1965 518 ..J.- 626 4c,5 837 594 399 312 519 398 568 418 505 1966 7 6 3 353 431 522 769 721 466 523 327 337 379 281 488 Mean •• - S6 i 493 476 640 584 705 431 464 447 424 491 494 1/Location: Lat. 30°42'30", long. 86°58'20". Drainage area: 237 sq. mi. (614 sq. km.). Records available: October 1938 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 532 c.f.s. (28 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 23,100 c.f.s. August 17, 1939; minimum, 156 c.f.s. June 10, 11, 1956. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 1,383 c.f.s. December 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 206 c.f.s. November 1955. 2/For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. £./Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-47. --Stream discharge to East Bay (Pensacola): U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3707, Pond Creek near Milton, Fla.— Water . year— Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s. )'-' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1958 ... .._ 75.5 68.2 88.9 65.5 53.4 78.1 82.0 69.1 67.7 1959 51.0 51.9 50.1 54.4 66.7 61.4 74.6 54.3 117 77.8 82.7 90.5 69.2 1960 127 95.5 87.8 94.0 95.7 97.3 166 96.7 74.5 75.4 75.8 212 108 1961 103 80.7 77.5 79.2 143 117 149 83.3 138 112 119 101 108 1962 68.1 80.0 130 98.6 94.1 87.5 98.0 61.4 76.4 64.0 57.7 66.7 81.7 1963 57.1 54.8 60.8 84.8 82.1 65.5 56.5 49.9 73.5 76.3 63.5 51.6 64.6 1964 44.5 52.4 55.7 94.4 77.3 84.6 162 99.8 71.0 74.8 97.3 64.4 81.5 1965 77.8 72.5 88.9 76.3 110 86.4 67.9 53.8 82.6 67.2 73.1 61.5 76.3 1966 79.9 58.4 63.5 70.2 92.3 92.2 71.7 88.3 55.8 53.9 61.3 47.3 69.5 Mean 76.1 68.3 76.8 80.8 92.2 86.8 101 71.2 85.2 75.9 77.7 84.7 82.4 Lat. 30 40'50", long. 87 07'55". Drainage area: 58.7 sq. mi. (152 sq. km.). Records available: January 1958 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 82.4 c.f.s. (8 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 3,380 c.f.s. September 16, 1960; minimum, 38 c.f.s. June 14, 15, 1963. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1958-66: 212 c.f.s. September 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1958-66: 44.5 c.f.s. October 1963. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second — c.f.s. x 28.3. 78 Table 3-48. -Stream discharge to Escambia Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3755, Escambia River near Century, Fla.i' Water , year— 3/ Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)-' Apr. H i y July Sept. The year 1952 1,199 1,884 3,406 2,915 7,150 13,360 10,470 5,498 4,588 1,365 2,307 1,873 4,653 1953 1,089 1,150 2,630 5,355 7,702 7,288 8,573 10,750 2,434 3,418 1,750 2,156 4,509 1954 3,142 2,472 24,600 8,019 5,746 6,964 4,903 1,953 1,256 1,490 939 708 5,209 1955 666 1,033 1,157 1,925 4,522 1,783 14,780 5,309 3,706 3,533 3,938 1,156 3,601 1956 1,087 1,055 1,295 1,895 6,049 9,178 3,832 2,070 2,098 3,859 1,128 3,245 3,055 1957 3,568 1,755 6,571 4,690 3,588 4,633 18,030 7,105 3,331 2,957 1,221 2,880 5,023 1958 2,135 5,374 5,360 5,367 6,884 11,710 6,743 3,168 2,421 4,634 2,881 3,531 5,007 1959 1,689 1,561 2,017 3,129 11,100 10,590 11,240 3,563 8,910 4,007 3,261 6,037 5,532 1960 7,531 6,971 5,989 9,047 13,560 11,450 26,960 6,344 2,583 3,293 3,306 4,756 8,435 1961 2,451 1,864 2,481 3,916 15,460 19,630 22,790 5,179 7,225 5,221 3,830 5,831 7,913 1962 1,535 3,365 10,880 9,387 9,338 9,693 18,170 3,543 2,769 2,142 1,751 1,652 6,156 1963 1,577 2,432 2,838 10,190 7,126 6,311 2,995 1,556 1,832 2,480 2,246 1,176 3,549 1964 1,012 1,240 3,470 7,780 5,845 12,830 12,220 16,160 2,207 7,022 6,143 2,995 6,602 1965 4,824 3,646 6,859 12,970 21,160 14,440 6,321 2,064 2,147 2,636 3,336 1,654 6,758 1966 8,735 2,359 5,067 7,296 17,880 19,210 4,515 3,325 1,860 1,442 1,435 1,005 6,123 Mean 2,816 2,544 5,641 6,259 9,541 10,605 11,503 5,173 3,291 3,300 2,631 2,710 5,475 — Location: Lat. 30° 57'25", 1 ong. 87°14 '00". Drainage area: 3,817 sq. mi. (9,886 sq. km.). Records available: October 1934 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 6,102 c.f.s. (32 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 77,200 c.f.s. April 5, 1960; minimum, 600 c.f.s. September 15, October 20, 21, 1954. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 26,960 c.f.s. April 1960. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 666 c.f.s. October 1954. -^For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 2/Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-49. --Stream discharge to Escambia Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station Barth, Fla.-' 2-3760, Pine Barren Creek near Monthly and yearly mean discha rge in cubic feet per secor d (c.f.s. ) 3 -< Water, year— Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1953 75.7 83.1 128 122 232 171 154 145 95.9 124 93.8 107 127 1954 78.0 118 413 131 122 142 105 83.7 78.2 89.2 65.9 64.9 125 1955 65.3 69.0 72. 7 81. 2 96.9 66.4 465 94.3 82.1 111 127 78.6 117 1956 70.8 64.5 70. 8 85. 4 148 176 85.6 75.3 85.6 104 65.4 127 96 1957 116 78.7 101 85. 4 80.2 114 379 149 124 80.6 91.4 186 132 1958 1959 112 92.0 157 91.2 120 94. 5 136 101 144 165 189 153 150 170 118 160 174 239 137 143 112 120 142 144 141 1 i'-i 1960 179 117 122 144 173 146 318 205 120 125 116 177 162 1961 1962 1 12 122 110 148 114 237 143 218 271 381 378 262 411 380 172 132 245 157 219 155 233 108 165 114 214 200 1963 1964 115 73.3 122 90.6 125 114 210 161 153 127 123 154 102 409 92.4 206 104 147 113 259 114 149 83.5 105 121 166 1965 1966 125 182 124 98.6 147 115 152 127 278 226 165 204 121 120 94.6 139 112 95.8 1 1 1 114 140 116 110 78.8 140 134 lllM L05 141 136 135 1 1 8 12n Location: Lat. 30 47'55", long. 87 22'05". Drainage area: 75.3 sq. mi. (195 sq. km.). Records available: October 1952 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 144 c.f.s. (14 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 24,800 c.f.s. April 14, 1955; minimum, 51 c.f.s. June Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1953-66: 465 c.f.s. April 1955. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1953-66: 64.5 c.f.s. November 1955 . For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. Liters per second — c.f.s. 28.3. 9, 1956. 79 Table 3-50. --Stream discharge to Perdido Bay: U.S. Geological. Survey Station 2-3765, Perdido River at Barrineau Park, Fla.— Mo nthly and yearly mean disc harge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s .)2/ Water, vear— ' Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. The year 1952 ::s *J 520 367 981 831 750 710 345 297 356 754 552 1953 2rr 278 556 698 866 638 1,004 652 427 677 520 388 579 1954 :oe 543 2,084 669 501 624 415 320 316 363 249 224 550 1955 2 ;.< 250 302 386 588 269 2,395 376 427 544 609 310 554 1956 271 246 323 446 916 1,199 351 282 351 609 315 653 496 1957 558 279 431 339 343 513 1,717 1,128 793 321 308 929 637 1958 431 913 594 765 628 840 577 375 1 ,082 728 568 546 670 1959 312 339 362 430 1,069 877 1,006 977 1 ,568 821 588 953 771 1960 1,234 599 615 81h 850 783 1,654 807 438 517 559 779 803 1961 397 393 440 703 1,397 1,331 2,207 698 1 ,439 1,032 1,092 812 990 1962 412 696 1,445 1,106 1,466 866 1,910 550 625 593 404 627 886 1963 -4 SO 487 495 1,108 773 539 392 307 499 858 590 329 569 1964 2b7 335 566 1,024 630 874 1,750 844 406 1,249 881 407 771 1965 479 515 694 1,024 1,545 907 554 302 555 691 720 464 699 1966 1,629 431 616 647 1,191 1,350 536 751 364' 389 510 310 726 499 452 670 702 829 1,081 642 684 Lat. 30 41'25", long. 87 26'25". Drainage area: 394 sq. mi. (1,020 sq. km.). Records available: June 1941 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 760 c.f.s. (25 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 39,000 c.f.s. April 15, 1955; minimum, 207 c.f.s. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 2,395 c.f.s. April 1955. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 224 c.f.s. September 1954. September 15, 1954. 2/ -For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended SEptember 30, 1952. 3/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. Table 3-51 .--Stream discharge to Perdido Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Station 2-3775, Styx River near Loxley, Ala.—' 1/ Monthly and yearly mean discharge in cubic feet per second (c.f.s.)" Apr. May July Sept. The year 1952 43.1 106 135 75. 5 246 161 202 183 55.7 48.1 93.5 289 136 1953 36.6 47.3 169 183 257 207 296 112 122 > 239 171 93.4 160 1954 42.5 153 718 1M 100 126 65.8 42.7 41.4 50.6 25.8 26.6 130 1955 27.3 36.9 52.4 92. 1 163 56.8 204 55.9 24.2 109 171 43.9 85.9 1956 41.1 26.9 46.8 84. 6 259 306 67.8 44.9 82.3 178 148 246 127 1957 189 54.9 116 74. 6 82.2 180 548 258 116 55.7 87.9 353 176 1958 101 287 1 16 238 178 340 150 88.9 343 392 222 244 227 1959 80.2 128 109 149 353 241 268 317 438 368 227 357 252 1960 488 141 l<-:8 225 262 219 427 206 71.0 75.9 334 241 2.18 1961 111 88.5 112 2 11 504 310 412 106 506 182 303 325 263 196 2 83.3 215 458 339 l.M 182 299 85.4 134 117 57.4 105 199 1963 81.1 140 106 375 196 118 59.0 40.5 79.8 120 99.8 45.6 121 1964 24.9 43.2 130 308 178 247 546 207 80.0 272 218 48.3 192 1965 96.5 104 143 158 360 174 81.4 35.9 80.6 218 409 187 170 1966 430 79.0 145 1 HI 363 286 93.1 140 113 75.8 206 93.7 184 125 UC 181 191 255 210 248 128 177 1/ Location: Lat. 30 39'50", long. 87 38'20". Drainage area: 93.2 sq. mi. (241 sq. km.). Records available: October 1951 to September 1966. Mean discharge: 177 c.f.s. (15 years). Extremes: Maximum discharge, 14,000 c.f.s. December 6, 1953; minimum, 16 c.f.s. June 22, 1955. Maximum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 718 c.f.s. December 1953. Minimum monthly mean discharge for period 1952-66: 24.2 c.f.s. June 1955. 2/ — For example, Water Year 1952 began October 1, 1951, and ended September 30, 1952. 3/ Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. 80 Table 3-52. --Summary of mean discharge of major streams including springs to estuarine study areas and to segments of coast, west coast of Florida [Dashes ( ) indicate no data available] Segment of coast, estuarine study area, and stream—' If Mean discharge SEGMENT 1 Florida Bay: SEGMENT 2 Lake Ingraham: . Whitewater Bay: Cape Sable to Lostmans River: Tamiami Canal Outlets, Miami to Monroe.. Barron River Canal near Everglades Subtotal, Cape Sable to Lostmans River. Lostmans River to Mormon Key: Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass: To ta 1 , S egmen t 2 SEGMENT 3 Caxambas Pass to Gordon River: Golden Gate Canal at Naples Doctors Pass to Estero Pass: Caloosahatchee River: Caloosahatchee Canal at Moore Haven Pine Island Sound: Subtotal, Caxambas Pass to Pine Island Sound Charlotte Harbor: Peace River at Arcadia Joshua Creek at Nocatee Horse Creek near Arcadia Myakka River near Sarasota Warm Mineral Spring near Murdock Big Slough near Murdock Subtotal , Charlotte Harbor Total, Segment 3 SEGMENT 4 Lemon Bay: Sarasota Bay system: Cow Pen Slough near Bee Ridge Phillippi Creek near Sarasota Subtotal, Sarasota Bay system Tampa Bay: Manatee River near Bradenton Little Manatee River near Wimauma Subtotal , Tampa Bay Hillsborough Bay: Alafia River at Lithia Buckhorn Spring near Riverview Sixmile Creek at Tampa Hillsborough River near Tampa Sulphur Springs at Sulphur Springs Subtotal, Hillsborough Bay Old Tampa Bay: Sweetwater Creek near Sulphur Springs.. Rocky Creek near Sulphur Springs Alligator Creek at Safety Harbor Subtotal, Old Tampa Bay Boca Ciega Bay: Seminole Lake outlet near Largo Subtotal, Boca Ciega Bay Total, Segment 4 906 99 VI 8 1,057 1,267 119 229 264 11 54 2b 109 184 384 11 62 673 50 9 43 7 1,005 1,005 1,395 1,979 3,374 80 29 3 1,180 59 See footnotes at end of table. Segment of coast, estuarine study area, and stream- Mean discharge C.f.s.-' C.f.s 2/ SEGMENT 5 St. Joseph Sound: Anclote River near Elfers 86 Subtotal, St. Joseph Sound Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key: Pithlachascotee River near New Port Richey 48 Weekiwachee Springs at Weeki Wachee.... 174 Subtotal, Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key. Saddle Key to South Mangrove Point: Chassahowitzka Springs near Chassahowitzka 81 Homosassa Springs near Homosassa Springs 185 Crystal River near Crystal River 785 Withlacoochee River near Holder 1,183 Rainbow Springs near Dunnellon 722 Subtotal, Saddle Key to South Mangrove Point Waccasassa Bay: Waccasassa River near Gulf Hammock 585 Tenraile Creek at Lebanon Station 72 Wekiva Springs near Gulf Hammock 73 Subtotal, Waccasassa Bay Total, Segment 5 SEGMENT 6 Suwannee Sound: Suwannee River near Wilcox 10,740 Fanning Spring near Wilcox 108 Manatee Spring near Chief land 168 Subtotal , Suwannee Sound Suwannee Sound to Deadman Bay Deadman Bay: Steinhatchee River near Cross City 336 Subtotal, Deadman Bay Deadman Bay to St. Marks River: Fenholloway River at Foley 128 Waldo Springs near Perry 5 Econfina River near Perry 136 Aucilla River at Lamont 407 Subtotal, Deadman Bay to St. Marks River Apalachee Bay: St. Marks River near Newport 750 Wacissa Springs near Wacissa 97 Wakulla Spring near Crawfordville 283 Ochlockonee River near Bloxham. ....... . 1,698 Telogia Creek near Bristol 216 Subtotal, Apalachee Bay Total, Segment 6 SEGMENT 7 St. George Sound: New River near Wilma 272 Subtotal, St. George Sound Apalachicola Bay: Apalachicola River near Blountstown. . . . 25,180 Chipola River near Altha 1,533 Subtotal, Apalachicola Bay Total, Segment 7 See footnotes at end of table. 222 2,956 730 3,994 11,016 336 3,044 15,082 272 81 Table 3-5:. -(Continued") Segment of coast, estuarine study Mean area, and stream— discharge Segment of coast, estuarine study Mean area, and stream— discharge C.f.s.2/ C.f.s.i' SEGMENT 8 C.f.s.2/ C.f.s.2/ North Bay: Escambia Bay: Choc tawha tehee Bay: Alaqua Creek near De Funiak Springs.... 159 Perdido Bay: East Bay (Pensacola) : — Segment I = Florida Bay; Segment II = East Cape Sable to Caxambas Pass; Segment III — Caxambas Pass to northern Gasparilla Sound; Segment IV = northern Gasparilla Sound to northern Boca Ciega Bay; Segment V = northern Boca Ciega Bay to Cedar Keys; Segment VI = Cedar Keys to Light-house Point; Segment VII = Lighhouse Point to Cape San Bias; Segment VIII = Cape San Bias to Alabama boundary. 2/ — Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. stations; they were 91.9°F (33.3°C) at Key West, 90.1°F (32.3°C) at St. Petersburg, 92.1°F (33.4°C) at Ceda* Key, and 91.9°F (33.3°C) at Pensacola. Figure 34 demonstrates the decreasing winter temperature northward and the greater range of temperature at northerly stations. Volumi- nous additional data are available from other sources because temperature measurement is standard in biological and hydrological field studies, but we have not attempted to include such data because generally they fit within the variations at the four stations of Figure 34. The reader may wish to consult references cited under Salinity, which follow ; most of the ref- erences contain temperature as well as salinity data. Fish kills often accompany rapid temperature decreases that result from the sudden arrivals of cold fronts in late fall and winter. The shal- low-water temperature under such conditions drops below the minima reported above (Storey and Gudger, 1936; Storey, 1937; Springer and Woodburn, 1960; Rinckey and Saloman, 1964; Stone and Azarovits, 1968) . SALINITY We have mapped typical salinities in estuarine areas (Figs. 35, 36, and 37). Hypersalinity in Florida Bay from drought and diversion of nor- mal freshwater flow is a serious recurring prob- lem. Tabb (1963) observed that salinity greater than 45%o harmed the biota. The Florida Bay data (Fig. 35-1) are from Finucane and Drago- vich (1959) — circles; Dragovich, Finucane and May (1961) — squares; and Goodell and Gorsline (1961) — triangles. The Whitewater Bay data (Fig. 35-2a, 2b) from Tabb, Dubrow, and Man- ning (1962) demonstrate the variations due to excessive rainfall and drought. From Ten Thou- sand Islands to Charlotte Harbor (Fig. 35-3) hypersalinity has occurred south of Naples (Finucane and Dragovich, 1959) — circles, and essentially fresh water was found near the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River during periodic re- leases of fresh water from Lake Okeechobee (Gunter and Hall, 1965) —triangles. The Char- lotte Harbor data are from Dragovich, Kelly and Finucane (1966) . From Lemon Bay to Sarasota Bay (Fig. 35-4) salinity remains high except after heavy rain because of the absence of rivers (Finucane and Dragovich, 1959). The Tampa Bay salinities (Fig. 35-5) are based on obser- vations from 1954 to 1965 (Carl H. Saloman — personal communication). The Homosassa Bay and other data (Fig. 35-6) were collected by personnel at the Chassahowitzka National Wild- life Refuge (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1967). Figure 36-1 of Crystal Bay is based on Daw- son ( 1955b) . This portion of the coast is unique in its low salinity several miles offshore despite 82 KEY WEST ST. PETERSBURG CEDAR KEY PENSACOLA JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJJASOND 90 80 70 30 - 25 20 15 10 5 i 1 — _ . — . Figure 34. — Monthly range and mean of water temperature at four locations (data from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1965). the absence of large rivers, possibly because of the existence of offshore springs. The Wacca- sassa Bay and Fenholloway River data (Figs. 36-2 and 36-4) are from Saville (1966). The Cedar Keys data (Fig. 36-3) are from 21 years of observations by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1965). Ochlockonee Bay and Alligator Harbor (Fig. 37-1) were studied by Ichiye et al. (1961). We based the salinities in Apalachicola Bay (Fig. 37-2) on the study of Gorsline (1963) ; they are consistent with results obtained by Dawson (1955a) . The St. Andrew Bay data (Fig. 37-3) are from Futch and Martina (1967). Chocta- whatchee Bay is typically stratified, hence we depicted surface salinities (Fig. 37-4a) separate from bottom salinities (Fig. 37-4b) as done by Ritchie (1961). The data for Pensacola Bay and vicinity (Fig. 37-5) are from two sources — U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (1965) for the 38-year mean and range at the city of Pensacola, and Nelson R. Cooley for the remainder from unpublished ecological studies. Over 100 additional papers include salinity data that were recorded in connection with bio- logical and geological studies but add little to the characterization of estuaries attempted here, and hence are not cited. OYSTERS AND CLAMS The southernmost oyster reef in the United States is in Oyster Bay, which is immediately north of Cape Sable between Whitewater Bay and the mouth of the Shark River (Tabb, Du- brow, and Manning, 1962). From that reef north, Crassostrea virginica grows nearly every- where — on pilings, red mangrove roots, sea walls and as reefs ranging in shape and size from small mounds to long ridges extending several miles. Commercial oystering is practiced where salini- ties range from about 10 to 30% . Where mean salinity is about 25% , growth and maturation are rapid, but predation, parasitism, and disease are high; growers plant cultch or medium-sized seed oysters and try to harvest before excessive damages occur (Butler, 1954). Where salinity 83 1 Figure 35. — Mean salinity (single figure) and salinity range (two figures) in estuaries from Florida Bay to Homosassa Bay. See text for sources of data. remains generally below 15% , yet well above 5%o, as in most of Apalachicola Bay, pests are effect- ively excluded (Galtsoff, 1964— p. 406). Apalachicola Bay has 83 percent of the natural public beds on the coast and is foremost in com- mercial production. Swift (1898) found that oystering had been practiced since 1836. His survey produced a map of natural beds and the relative abundance of oysters on the beds, which is still in use with modifications. Subsequently Danglade (1917), Ingle (1951), Ingle and Daw- son (1953b), and Menzel, Hulings, and Hath- away (1966) conducted biological studies there, and Colberg and Windham (1966) described the economics of the oyster industry. The Cedar Keys region contains several miles of oyster bars that are exposed at low tide, but the oysters are crowded and stunted; however, at one time shell- stock and shucked oysters were shipped to all of the southeast (Ingle and Dawson, 1953a). ?A Figure 36. — Mean salinity (single figure) and salinity range (two figures) in estuaries from Crystal Bay to Cedar Keys. See text for sources of data. Elsewhere, oyster growers lease large acreages in Charlotte Harbor, Old Tampa Bay and Choc- tawatchee Bay. Biologists have compiled pert- inent ecological data on Charlotte Harbor (Woodburn, 1962), Old Tampa Bay (Dawson, 1953; Finucane and Campbell, 1968), St. An- drews Bay and vicinity (Futch and Martina, 1967) , and Choctawhatchee Bay (Ritchie, 1961) . The growth of oysters in Apalachicola Bay is rapid. They attain a length of 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10.2 cm) in six months whereas the same growth in Chesapeake Bay and waters north of it requires three to four years (Ingle and Daw- son, 1952) . Mortality results from predation by 85 Figure 37.— Mean salinity (single figure) and salinity range (two figures) in estuaries from Ochlockonee Bay to Pensacola Bay. See text for sources of data. the southern oyster drill, Thais haemastoma, and several other invertebrates (Chapman, 1955; Menzel and Nichy, 1958; Nichy and Menzel, 1960). Infestation by the fungus Dermocysti- dium marinum also causes mortality under cer- tain conditions (Dawson, 1955c). The prospec- tive oyster grower can find answers to many questions in a State of Florida manual on oyster culture that describes the oyster's life history, its natural enemies and diseases, legal aspects of leasing bay bottoms, and estimated costs of the business (Ingle and Whitfield, 1962). The Oyster Division of the Florida Depart- ment of Natural Resources provided us with maps of oyster beds in Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound, legal descriptions of oyster 86 leases, and professional assistance with the task of compiling the data of Table 4. We interviewed oystermen to obtain estimates of the location and acreage of public beds in estuaries other than Apalachicola Bay. The Florida State Board of Health maintains a constantly updated book of maps showing the results of surveys of the abundance of coliform bacteria, which are the basis for approval, conditional approval or dis- approval of areas for oyster harvesting (Fla. State Board of Health, 1966b) . The maps were used for our compilation of acreage that is "Closed to shellfishing." In addition, we mapped all commercial or potentially commercial oyster beds and all areas leased for oyster cultivation from the State (Figs. 8-12, 15, 17-23). Commercial production of the clam, Merce- naria campechiensis, began in about 1880 and increased in 1900 when vast beds near the Ten Thousand Islands were discovered (Schroeder, 1924). Commercial production reached a peak in 1932 and remained high until it declined sharply from 1945 to 1950 because of overfishing (Tiller, Glude, and Stringer, 1952). Intensive harvesting of beds in Charlotte County in 1962- 1964 provided a short-lived spurt in production (Futch and Torpey, 1966). Clams are wide- spread on this coast in salinities of 20-35% ( and from mean high tide to over 50 ft (15 m) ; yet, we are unaware of commercial concentrations anywhere. Another species, the sunray venus clam (Macrocallista iiimbosa) , however, has been harvested commercially since 1967 near St. Joseph Bay (Stokes, Joyce, and Ingle, 1968). Research on Florida west coast clams was active over the past 10 years. Menzel (1962) described growth, and Saloman and Taylor ( 1969) correlated growth with age. Surprising- ly few surveys of distribution and abundance are available. Woodburn (1962) surveyed the waters of Charlotte County, Sims and Stokes (1967) Tampa Bay, and recently the Florida Department of Natural Resources (1970) re- ported on quantitative sampling in the Tampa Bay and Cedar Keys areas using a hydraulic clam dredge of the conveyor type. Hybrids from crosses of northern and southern quahogs have been successfully reared and their average growth was superior to native stock (Menzel, 1962; Woodburn, 1963; Menzel, 1966). Despite the presence of vast areas that are well suited to clam farming, only Woodburn (1961) and Table 4. --Area of oyster beds (public and private) and area closed to shellfishing by State and County governments in estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida Study area Public Closed Private!/ to Natural Planted shell- fishing Acres Acres_/ Florida Bay o Lake Ingraham o Whitewater Bay o Cape Sable to Lostmans River Lostmans River to Mormon Key Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass Caxambas Pass to Gordon River Doctors Pass to Estero Pass Caloosahatchee River. Pine Island Sound.... 200 Charlotte Harbor 200 Lemon Bay 5 Sarasota Bay System.. 110 Tampa Bay 250 Hillsborough Bay Old Tampa Bay 10 Boca Ciega Bay St. Joseph Sound Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Pt 30 Waccasassa Bay 80 Suwannee Sound 110 Suwannee Sound to Deadman Bay Deadman Bay Deadman Bay to St. Marks River Apalachee Bay 68 St. George Sound 3,365 Apalachicola Bay 3,600 St. Joseph Bay . St. Andrew Sound East Bay (St. Andrew) 40 St. Andrew Bay....... West Bay 16 North Bay 4 Choctawhatchee Bay... Santa Rosa Sound East Bay (Pensacola). 80 Escambia Bay 200 Pensacola Bay Perdido Bay Total 8,368 351 2/ Acres£< 2/ 5,125 Acres ■7 I) 11 19 22,926 72 1,834 1,434 530 2 18,535 7 28,900 3 1,097 8,202 29,648 16,938 28 3,893 58 7,786 8 47 970 31 290 762 12,160 4 70 1 11 3 1,391 10,208 138 8,170 170,698 i'Leased from State. 2/ -'Hectares = acres x 0.4047. Menzel and Sims (1962) have reported farming experiments. Predation on juveniles by the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, makes it necessary to fence off experimental plots. ARTIFICIAL FISHING REEFS Of 20 artificial fishing reefs constructed in Florida west coast waters up to 1966, only three were in estuaries (Woodburn, 1966) . State per- mits have been issued for others, but we know of only one more built in a west coast estuary. 87 Location, depth, construction materials, spon- sor, and date of construction of reefs are listed below. 1. Sarasota Bay, 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) west of Bolees Creek; depth 9 ft (2.7 m) ; tire-con- crete units (Woodburn, 1966); sponsored by Manatee County, 1964-65. 2. Manatee River, 100 yards (91 m) south of Snead Point; depth 15 ft (4.6 m); tire-concrete units (Woodburn, 1966); sponsored by Manatee County, 1964. 3. Tampa Bay, 2.8 nautical miles (5.2 km) east of downtown St. Petersburg; depth 17 ft (5.2 m). 4. Pensacola Bay, off Escambia County end of old bay bridge that is converted to a fishing pier by removal of center span ; 18 ft (5.5 m); metal junk; sponsored by Fiesta of Five Flags Asso- ciation. Two comprehensive guides to the design, con- struction and use of artificial reefs are those of Carlisle, Turner, and Ebert (1964) and Unger (1966) . Diver-scientists documented the attrac- tion of bait fish and jacks to artificial structures in shallow coastal waters off Panama City, Fla. The structure that attracted most fish was shaped like a pup tent — geometrically, a right prism — and was suspended at mid-depth (Klima and Wickham, 1971). POPULATION The 1970 census showed that Americans con- tinued to move toward warmer climates and to- ward the shore. The trend is illustrated vividly by total population of the counties bordering estuaries of the Florida Gulf coast. 1930 . 614,616 1940 847,896 1950 . . 1,338,359 1960 . . .2,448,210 1970 3,320,226 The year 1930 is listed first, above, because the U.S. census of 1930 was the first to include all of the counties under consideration. We have compiled the available population data by county, city, and estuarine study area (Table 5). Note that Dade County is included because it borders Florida Bay. Figure 38 illustrates the distribution of pop- ulation in 1960. Population density was greatest in the Tampa Bay area and next greatest in the Pensacola Bay area, a pattern maintained by re- 1,000 people Less than 10,000 people DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION- WEST COAST OF FLORIDA i Urn Figure 38. — The distribution of population on the west coast of Florida, 1960 (after Raisz, 1964). Figure 39. — The gain and loss of population on the west coast of Florida from 1950 to 1960 (after Raisz, 1964). suits of the 1970 census. Pinellas County gained far more residents than any other west coast county making it the most populous county on the Gulf coast of Florida for the first time. Growth was most rapid from the vicinity of Tampa Bay southward (Fig. 39). The pattern of growth remained the same from 1960 to 1970 except that growth slowed somewhat in the coastal communities of the western panhandle. 88 Table 5. --Human population of counties, estuarine study areas and cities that border estuarine study areas, west coast of Florida— 1/ County, estuarine study area and city— 1970 1960 1970 Land Population Population Population area density _ . Population Sq.mi.— per sq.mi . Dade County, 935,047 1,267,792 Monroe County 47,921 52,586 Florida Bay: ,. Marathon...' 4/ 950 Islamorada A/^^ Tavernier A/ 800 Key Largo -'900 Total 3,350 Collier County 15,753 38,040 Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass: , . Chokoloskee A/ 155 Everglades ~Z/" > -'^ Goodland -100 Total 807 Caxambas Pass to Gordon River: Marco -'250 Naples 4,655 Total 4,905 Lee County 54,539 105,216 Doctors Pass to Estero Pass : Bonita Springs.. T/ 356 Estero -'300 Fort Myers Beach 2,463 Total 3,119 Caloosahatchee River: Cape Coral Fort Myers 22,523 Tice 4,377 Total 26,900 Pine Island Sound: , . Sanibel Z/ 250 St. James City.. T/ 130 Captiva -'200 Total 580 Charlotte County.... 12,594 27,559 Charlotte Harbor: , Bokeelia (L) 7T/ 150 Boca Grande (L) . -'400 Punta Gorda 3,157 Solana I? 309 Cleveland - 200 Port Charlotte.. 2) 197 Charlotte Harbor TT/ 500 Placida -150 Total 9,063 Lemon Bay: Englewood 1,043 Englewood (S)... 1,834 Total 2,877 See footnotes at end of table. 2,054 617 2,032 705 39 County, estuarine study area and city— 1970 1960 1970 Land Population Population Population area density Sarasota County 76, 895 Sarasota Bay System: Venice 3 , 444 Nokomis ,.2,253 Laurel -' 1,000 Osprey -800 Sarasota 34,083 Longboat Key.... 469 Total 42,049 Manatee County 69,168 Sarasota Bay System: Tallevast -'500 Whitfield Estates - 600 Oneco 1,530 Bayshore Gardens 2,297 Trailer Estates. 1,562 Longboat Key.... A/-> 31 Cortez - 900 Bradenton Beach. 1,124 Holmes Beach.... 1,143 Anna Maria 690 Total 10,877 Hillsborough County. 397,788 Hillsborough Bay: Gibsonton 1,673 Tampa 274,970 Temple Terrace.. 3,812 Total 280,455 Pinellas County 374,665 Tampa Bay: , . Samoset (M) -'4,824 Bradenton (M) . . . i?! 380 Ellenton (M) . . . . - ; 950 Palmetto (M) 5,556 Ruskin (H) 1,894 St. Petersburg.. 181,298 Total 213,902 Old Tampa Bay: Port Tampa (H) . . 1,764 Safety Harbor... 1,787 Oldsmar 878 Total 4,429 Boca Ciega Bay: St. Petersburg Beach 6,268 South Pasadena.. 651 Gulfport 9,730 Treasure Island. 3,506 Madeira Beach 3,943 Redington Shores 917 N. Redington Beach 346 Total 25,361 See footnotes at end of table. •■! Population Sq.rni_.— ' per sq.mi. 120,413 529 228 97,115 141 490,265 1,040 471 522,329 264 1,979 89 Table 5.-- (Continued) County, estuarine study ar^a and citv— 1970 1960 1970 Land Population Population Population area density St. Joseph Sound: Indian Rocks Beach South Shore 296 Indian Rocks Beach 1,940 Belleair Shores. 61 Belleair Beach. . 563 Belleair 2,456 Clearwater 34,653 Dunedin ,.8,444 Crystal Beach... —1,000 Tarpon Springs.. 6,768 Total 56,181 Pasco County 36,785 Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key: , . Elfers... -'450 New Port Richey. 3,520 Port Richey I; 931 Hudson a/ 800 Aripeka — 250 Total 6,951 Hernando County 11,205 Citrus County 9,268 Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Pt.: , , Horaosassa — 700 Crystal River... 1,423 Total 2,123 Levy County 10,364 Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Pt. : Inglis 250 Yankeetown 425 Total 675 Waccasassa Bay: , . Gulf Hammock -350 Cedar Key 668 Total 1,018 Dixie County 4,479 Suwannee Sound: , , 4/ Suwannee — 200 Total 200 Suwannee Sound to Deadman Bay: Horseshoe Beach. 1,857 Total 1,857 Taylor County 13,168 Deadman Bay: Steinhatchee -325 Total 325 See footnotes at end of table. 5/ Population Sq.mi.— per sq.mi . 75,955 751 101 17,004 19,196 570 34 12,756 1,103 12 5,480 13,400 1,03 2 County, estuarine study area and city— 1970 1960 1970 Land Population Population Population area density Deadman Bay to St. Marks River: Perry 8,030 Total 8,030 Jefferson County.... 9,543 Wakulla County 5,257 Apalachee Bay: ,. Newport X/ 150 St. Marks 4/ 350 Panacea -'600 Total 1,100 Franklin County 6,576 St. George Sound: Carrabelle 1,146 Total 1,146 Apalachicola Bay: , . East Point -700 Apalachicola 3,099 Total 3,799 Gulf County 9,937 St. Joseph Bay: Port St. Joe 4,217 Total 4,217 Bay County 67,131 East Bay (St . Andrew) : , , Overstreet - 100 Parker , 2,669 Calloway 950 Total 3,719 St. Andrew Bay: Springfield 4,628 Cedar Grove 676 Panama City 33,275 Bayview 422 Panama City Beach 36 Total 39,037 North Bay: Lynn Haven 3,078 Southport - 900 Total 3,978 West Bay: , . West Bay -600 Total 600 Walton County 15,576 See footnotes at end of table. ^ . Population Sq_.mi.— per sq.mi. 3, 778 7,065 544 13 10,096 75,283 100 16, ( 1,046 90 Table 5.-- (Continued) County, estuarine 1970 study area 1960 1970 Land Population and city— Population Population area density County, estuarine 1970 study area 1960 1970 Land Population and city— Population Population area density ^ , Popula tion Sq.mi.— per sq.mi. Okaloosa County 61,175 88,187 944 93 ^ , Population Sq.mi.— per sq.mi. Escambia Bay: , . Choc tawha tehee Total 5,008 • Bay: Point Washington , . (W) -'90 Santa Rosa ' , , Beach (W) -300 Freeport (W) . . . . ,. Portland (W) 4/ 200 Destin - 900 Escambia County 173,829 205,334 657 313 Pensacola Bay: Gulf Breeze Pensacola 56,752 Niceville 4,517 Valparaiso 5,975 Brownsville 38,417 Warrington 16,752 Cinco Bayou 643 Total 111,921 Total 13,379 Perdido Bay: . Myrtle Grove -3,000 Santa Rosa County... 29,547 37,741 1,024 37 Total 3,000 Santa Rosa Sound: Fort Walton Beach 12,147 Total, coastal counties 2,448,210 3,320,226 20,461 162 Mary Esther (0). A/ 780 Florosa (0) -150 Total, cities Total 13,077 --- and towns on estuaries . 910,015 — Source: Florida Development Commission (1968) and the U. S. census of 1970, except as noted below. Dashes ( ) indicate data not available or not applicable. 2/ — (H)--in Hillsborough County; (L)--in Lee County; (M)--in Manatee County; (O)--in Okaloosa County; (S)--in Sarasota County; (W)-- in Walton County. 3/ — Sq. kilometers = sq . mi. x 2.59. 4/ — From Rand McNally International Atlas, Rand McNally & Co., New York. 1964. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The purpose of this section is to identify the principal socio-economic activities in and around Florida's west coast estuaries and to estimate their relative economic importance. Manufac- turing, tourism, construction, sport fishing, agri- culture, phosphate mining and commercial fish- ing are the major activities. We assigned the values that appear below from information in sources that are readily available. The figures are for 1963 unless otherwise noted because that is the last year for which compilations by county are available in most categories. Manufacturing (value added) $550 million Tourism (amount spent by tourists) . . . 500 Construction (contracts) 300 Sport fishing (amount spent by fishermen) 150 Agriculture (value to farmers) 130 Phosphate mining (value at mines) .... 100 Commercial fishing (value to fishermen) 20 Sources of the data are: manufacturing — Forstall (1970); tourism — Florida Department of Commerce (1970); construction — Raisz (1964) extrapolated to 1963 on the basis of growths of population and tourism; sport fish- ing — Ellis, Rosen, and Moffet (1958) extrapo- lated to 1963; agriculture — -University of Flor- ida (1970); phosphate mining — Raisz (1964) extrapolated to 1963. The distribution of major industries reflects the availability of resources, supplies of labor, transportation facilities and local demand for products (Fig. 40). Food processing is the largest single industry. It includes canning plants for citrus concentrates and vegetables, dairy and ice cream plants, bakeries, breweries, and meat packing plants. Large paper mills are located at Foley-Perry, Port St. Joe, Panama City, and Pensacola where the necessary large supplies of timber and fresh water are available. The chemical plants of the St. Andrew Bay and Escambia Bay area — also dependent on ample fresh water — produce acrylic fibers, fertilizer, ammonia, nitric acid, and paints. 91 PAPER WOOD PRODUCTS NYLON FOOD ROSINS BUILDING MATERIALS^) ^ BOARDS ~ " MAHOGANY GAS BEER /^CHEMICALS LF NYLON • FOOD AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS/^ y-* CLOTHING ^=> <-trf PAPER CHEMICALS SHIPS CLOTHING E? 100 Ranally Units* • Less than 10 Ranally Units LUMBER / - a CELLULOSE (-6 PRODUCTS PAPER • WOOD • SEAFOOD • SEAFOOD DOLOMITE CITRUS FOOD FOOD CITRUS PLASTICS ELECTRONICS AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS ELECTRONICS CIGAR BOXES STEEL CABLE PHOSPHATE CLOTHING FOOD /Q0 TRAILERS A ELECTRONICS BUILDING MATERIALS CONTACT LENSES DOLOMITE BOATS SHELLS GIFTS • SEAFOOD J SEAFOOD \^W^CONCRETE INDUSTRIES OF WEST COASTAL FLORIDA • BUILDING MATERIALS VEGETABLES CONCRETE SHRIMP BOATS &*-" 'One Ranally Unit equals 0.0001 percent of the total value added by manufacturing in the United States in 1963. Figure 40. — The major products of industry (modified from Raisz, 1964; Forstall, 1970). Although citrus is the most valuable crop of Florida, vegetables and cattle are important products as well. The Caloosahatchee River, Charlotte Harbor, and Tampa Bay areas, espe- cially the latter, support groves. Vegetables are grown principally in these three areas and near the shores of St. Andrew Bay and greater Pen- sacola Bay. Phosphate mines are located just east and southeast of Tampa Bay. Runoff from mined areas (and processing plants) drains to the Peace, Myakka, and Alafia Rivers. The true value of commercial fishing exceeds the money paid the fishermen (ex-vessel value) by at least two to three times because of the value added by processing, distributing, and 92 Table 6. --Commercial fisheries shore plant installations, Florida west coast, 1967— Number of firms Employees Value of Value County ., , , Wholesale at peak Man processed of Wholesale , _ „ , c r , „ ij- and Total of season years products landings only processing Bay 9 10 19 131 110 $270,600 -^$1 , 471,208 Charlotte 4 3 7 65 58 166,900 398,201 Collier 12 12 54 38 ,.— 927,322 Citrus 2 1 3 19 17 -'--- 322,913 Dixie 11 3 14 85 74 495,500 -'232,890 Escambia 7 7 14 74 70 217,600 923,668 Franklin 11 55 66 693 560 3,021,100 2,119,510 Gulf 2 3 5 42 32 53,000 266,442 Hillsborough... 21 12 33 1,329 1,299 46,588,700 1,987,350 Lee 22 4 26 166 131 360,300 3,558.807 Leon 1 1 40 33 Levy 4 10 14 46 42 238,000 266,349 Manatee 8 8 31 25 -,,--- 694,769 Monroe 36 1 37 193 148 7,655,343 Okaloosa 5 3 8 27 26 4 J) 300 403,800 Pasco 1 12 4 3 £'--- i'43,627 Pinellas 23 6 29 196 157 1,317 300 1,324 489 Polk 1 1 56 48 Iff/— — " Santa Rosa 9 2 11 12 12 ±H'___ 42,491 Sarasota 11 11 23 22 --- 2 Jh 091 Taylor 3 1 4 44 16 -'--- -Li'.-. Wakulla 2 13 15 216 190 1,152,600 175,022 Walton 2 13 3 3 H7 — - 30,019 Total 205 138 343 3,549 3,114 53,924,900 23,117,317 — Source: U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Branch of Fishery Statistics -- Region 2, Gulf and South Atlantic Region. — Combined with Washington County. T.Combined with Levy County. -r-. Combined with Taylor County. T, Combined with Wakulla County. ■=-,No landings. tt. Combined with Lee County. q-, Combined with Hillsborough County. T\.Combined with Hernando County. -rr I Combined with Escambia County. Yji Combined with Dixie County. — Combined with Okaloosa County. marketing. Table 6 records the value of pro- cessed products as well as several other aspects of the industry. Tampa in Hillsborough County is by far the major processing center. An in- teresting and important feature of the commer- cial fisheries is the much greater diversity of species 4 from Tampa Bay southward (Fig. 41), a reflection of the subtropical conditions of the southwest coast. Also, the high productivity, location of processing plants and the high local demand for seafood combine to support greater landings on the southwest coast than at ports to the north (Fig. 42). Deepwater ports are located at Boca Grande (mouth of Charlotte Harbor) , Port Manatee and Tampa (Tampa Bay), Port St. Joe (St. Joseph Bay) , Panama City (St. Andrew Bay) , and Pen- 4 We use the word "species" in its commercial sense rather than in its biological sense. Ingle (1970) included a list of common and scientific names of species landed in Florida in his annual summary of commercial marine landings. sacola (Pensacola Bay). Tampa handles by far the greatest volume of shipping (U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 1969) and was the seventh busiest port in the United States in 1968 in ton- nage handled— 27,436,709 short tons (24,890,164 metric tons). The major exports were phos- phate rock, superphosphate, fertilizer, and scrap iron and steel; principal imports included pe- troleum products, coal, sulfur, fruits, and grains. POLLUTION The State has classified its waters in five cate- gories ranging in purity from drinking water, Class I, to grossly polluted, Class V, (Florida State Board of Health, 1967b; U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 1967; Ch. 28-5, Supp. 52, Fla. Statutes). The only coastal waters in Class V are the Fenholloway River, Eleven Mile Creek discharging to Perdido Bay, and Hillsborough Bay (including McKay Bay), although the Gulf County Canal connect- ing St. Joseph Bay with the Intracoastal Water- 93 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDA * 25 to 50 percent of west coast catch • More than 50 percent shrimp mullet crabs trout mackerel pompano shrimp .trout* mullet*** mackerel* lobster • pompano crabs Figure 41. — The major west coast species landed in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment. Numbers in parentheses are coastal segment numbers. Species are listed in order of value. (Data from Ingle, 1968.) way is in Class IV, agricultural and industrial water supply. All other west coast waters are in Class III — for recreation and the propagation and management of fish and wildlife, or Class II — suitable for shellfish harvesting. Pollution coexists generally with sizable com- munities and large industries. The quantity of domestic waste is greatest in Tampa Bay and vicinity whereas that of industrial waste is great- est in northern estuaries (Fig. 43). We con- structed the figure by totaling the flow of pol- lutants in each of eight segments of the coast from data provided by State, County and Fed- eral pollution-control agencies (Tables 7 and 8). The Florida State Board of Health (abbreviated hereafter FSBH) provided most of the data, up- dated to 1970, part of which has been published (FSBH, 1966b, 1967c) . Supplemental data were provided by County pollution authorities and the Corps of Engineers (U.S. Army, Corps of En- gineers, 1967a,b). We mapped the location of pollution sources, classified them in major or 94 LANDINGS OF 11 MOST VALUABLE SPECIES, WEST COAST OF FLORIDA, 196 7 Figure 42. — Landings of the most valuable west coast species in the commercial fisheries in 1967 by coastal segment. Numbers in parentheses are coastal segment numbers. Kg = lb X 0.454. (Data from Ingle, 1968.) minor domestic or industrial waste categories, and mapped the areas that are closed to shell- fishing (Figs. 2-24) . Major sources of industrial waste were considered to be those with a strength of effluent exceeding 8,000 population equiva- lents (see footnotes, Tables 7 and 8, for defini- tions); major domestic wastes were those with a flow in excess of four million gallons per day (15 million liters per day). Figure 44 illustrates the distribution of pol- lution sources. Underlined place names and solid black indicate areas that are closed to shellfishing and major sources of pollution are shown by arrows with numbers keyed to Tables 7 and 8. Only estuaries that are af- fected by pollution are named. They total 20 of the 40 estuarine study areas listed previously. Their combined area is 31 percent of the area of all west coast estuaries (Table 1) , but if Flor- ida Bay is excluded from consideration because most of it lies in Everglades National Park, their combined area is 43 percent of the total. Ten 95 Table 7 .--Location, source, receiving waters, discharge, treatment, B.O population equivalent of domestic waste discharged to estuarine study ,D. (Biochemical Oxygan Demand), and areas, west coast of Florida, 1968— Estuarine study area and Source of waste h Receiving waters ma p key : Average daily discharge Treatra °r 4/ capacity— M.g.d.- *0.003 EA Ech 0.003 EA Ech y 0.030 EA *0.040 CS Ecg •■'0.030 CS Ech Estimated Estimated average population 5-day equivalent B.O.D. in discharge discharge—' 6/ Florida Bay: 001 U.S.C.G. Station, Marathon 002 Cobb's Country Restau- rant & Gift Shoppe 003 Duck Key U04 Holiday Travel Tr. Pk. 005...,.,.,. Jerry's Sunset Inn Motel & Restaurant 006 Howard Johnson Motor Lodge Total Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass: 008 Everglades (city) 009 Remuda Ranch Est, (South) 010 Remuda Ranch Est. (North) 011 Collier Seminole State Park Total Caxambas Pass to Gordon River : 012 Marco Beach S/D 013 Old Marco Apts. 014 Kenyon Tr. Pk. 015 Avalon Elementary Sch. E. Naples 016 Moorhead Manor Tr. Pk. 017 , Enchanting Acres Tr. Pk. 018 Royal Park Villas Apts . 019 Naples Land & Yacht Harbor 020 Riviera Colony Mob. Hm. 021 Anchorage Trailer Port 022 Naples Shopping Plaza 023 Naples Bowling Alley 024 Naples (city) 025 Golden Gate S/D Total See footnotes at end of table. Florida Bay Florida Bay Tom's Harbor to Atlantic Ocean Florida Bay Florida Bay Atlantic Ocean P . p . m . Unknown 40 20 20 40 ■•'0.020 0.126 Barron River to Chokoloskee Bay Pond to Faka Union •-■0.050 Bay Pond to Faka Union •■0.035 Bay Canal to Addison Bay *0.005 Unk n o wn Un t r ea t e d Unknown CS CpEcg Unknown DopLc CS Unknown EA CpDopEch Unknown Lc 0.090 Big Marco River Marco River Henderson Creek Pond to ditch to Cypress Head to Naples Bay Ditch to Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Halderman Creek to Naples Bay Canal to Naples Bay Canal to Naples Bay Gordon River to Naples Bay Canal to Gordon River to Naples Bay Unknown 39 59 39 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown .060 CpLcDoEcg 30 88 *0 .010 EA CpDcpEch Fts Unknown Unknown *0 .009 EA Ech Cp DcpLc Unknown Unknown *0 .008 EA CpDopEch Lc Unknown Unknown *0. ,010 EA CpEchLc Unknown Unknown *0, ,025 CS Ech Unknown Unknown *0, ,025 CS CpDaEch Unknown Unknown *0, ,025 CS EchCpDop 13 16 *0, ,040 CS CpDopEch Lc Unknown Unknown *0, ,0117 EA Unknown Unknown *0, ,005 EA Unknown Unknown *0, ,0026 EA Unknown Unknown 0, ,900 AaCmAaCmEcg DfpBo 2 88 0. ,070 CS CmDopSC EcLcBo 4 14 1, 2013 96 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Estuarine study area and Source of waste 3/ Average . . daily ^ Receiving waters ,. , Treatment discharge map key- 2/ capacity- 4/ Estimated 5/ average 5-day B.O.D. in discharge Estimated population equivalent discharge 6/ M.g.d 7/ P. p.m. Unknown Unknown Unknown 10 Unknown Unknown Unknown 16 Unknown ]^ Doctors Pass to Estero Pass: 026 Palm River Tr. Pk. Cocohatchee River •''0.0042 EA (Horse River) 029 Anglers Paradise Tr. Imperial River to *0.0108 EA Ech Pk. Estero Bay 030 Estero River Groves Tr. Estero River to *0.005 EA Ech Pk. Estero Bay 031 Alfonse Herold Mob. Hm. Estero River to 0.015 EA Ech Pk. Estero Bay 032 River Garden Trailer Estero River to *0.0148 CiFthCpEch Port Estero Bay 033 Red Cocoanut Tr. Pk. Canal to Estero Bay *0.020 EA Ech 036 Port Carlos Tr. Pk. Canal to Hurricane -0.020 EA Ech Bay to San Carlos Bay 037 Cocoanut Cove Tr . Pk . Canal to Hurricane *0.015 EA Bay to San Carlos Bay 038 Bassett Bowling Alley Pond to ditch to -0.008 EA Caloosahatchee River Total 0.1128 Caloosahatchee River: 039 McGregor Mob. Hm. Pk. Pond to ditch to *0.050 CS EcgLc 20 San Carlos Bay 040 Shell Point Village Pond to lagoon to '-0.200 CsEcgLc Unknown Caloosahatchee River 041 Fiesta Village S/D Canal to creek to 0.005 CfFthCmEcg Caloosahatchee LcBo River 042 Hideaway Restaurant Creek to Caloosahat- -0.0115 EA (Shipwreck Inn) chee River 044 J.F. Pate Sh. Cen. Canal to Caloosahat- *0.0025 EA EchH chee River 045 Trailwinds S/D Canal to Caloosahat- 0.020 CiLcEhBo chee River 046 Page Mobile Village Ditch to Caloosahat- 0.030 CfFthCpEch chee River Xd 047 Ft. Myers (city) Creek to Caloosahat- 4.100 GmSchCmFth chee River CmEcgDfrhtBo 048 Riverview Restorium Canal to Caloosahat- *0,003 EA Ech chee River 049 Orange Harbor Mob. Canal to Orange -0.025 EA Ech Hm. Pk. River to Caloosa- hatchee River 050 Sun-N-Fun Orange River to *0.025 EA EchLc Caloosahatchee River 053 Star Sh. Cen. Canal to Caloosa- '-0.003 EA hatchee River 054 Cabover Diner Storm drain to -0.002 EA Caloosahatchee River 055 Waterway Estates S/D Canal to Caloosa- -'0.270 CmAmCmEcgDo hatchee River 056 Tropic Isles Canal to Caloosa- 0.079 CmFthCmEcg hatchee River LcBo 057 Cape Coral S/D Dilido Canal to 0.080 CS Caloosahatchee River 058 Cape Coral Block 1625 Canal to Caloosahat- 0.040 Ft chee River 059 Cape Coral No. 3 Flamingo Canal to *0.075 EA Caloosahatchee River Total 5.0210 Unknown Unknown Unknown 7 Unknown Unknown Unknown 12 49 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 16 16 34 50 34 6,839 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 10 132 26 101 2 8 30 59 2 7 See footnotes at end of table. 97 Table 7 . --(Continued) Estuarine study area and Source of waste- Receiving waters map key : Average daily discharge or 4/ capacity- Estimated „ 5/ average Treatment— c . ° 5 -day B.O.D. in discharge Estimated population equivalent in e.i discharge- Pine Island Sound: 060 061 062 063 Total Charlotte Harbor 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 Total Lemon Bay: 075 076 077 078 080 081 082 084 Total Sarasota Bay: 085 088 089 090 091 092 Beachcomber Motel Golden Sands Restaurant Periwinkle Way Tr. Pk. Pine Island Tr. Pk. M.g.d.- 7 Canal to San Carlos "0.0018 Bay Canal to Pine Island -'0.005 Sound Sanibel River to 0.010 San Carlos Bay Canal to San Carlos *0.020 Bay P. p.m. EA Unknown Unknown EA Unknown Unknown EA Ech 14 7 EA CpLoEch 2 2 .0368 Parkhill Manor Tr. Pk. Alligator Creek to Charlotte Harbor .005 EA 12 3 Punta Gorda (city) Drainage ditch to Peace River to Charlotte Harbor 0, .300 CFtL 54 795 Lazy Lagoon Tr. Pk. Peace River to Charlotte Harbor .0014 EA 10 1 Palm & Pines Tr . Pk. Peace River to *0. ,015 EA Ech Unknown Unknown & Cottages Charlotte Harbor Rogan's Motel Peace River to Charlotte Harbor *0, .002 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Moretti Restaurant Ditch to Peace River to Charlotte Harbor *0, .001 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Port Charlotte (city) Canal to Peace River to Charlotte Harbor 0, ,650 2 Plants: CpEchBoLc Df and CFL CmSchFtch 12 383 Boca Grande (city) Charlotte Harbor Unknown Cs Unknown Unknown Gasparilla Inn Boca Grande Bayou to Gasparilla Sound 0, ,035 CiFthCpEch 12 21 Thompson Waterfront Boca Grande Bayou to *0, ,003 EA Unknown Unknown Motel Gasparilla Sound Gasparilla Mobile Salt Water Canal to 0, ,005 EA Ech 10 2 Estates Gasparilla Sound 1. ,0174 Grove City Tr. Pk. Lagoon to Lemon Bay *0 .008 EA Unknown Unknown Gulf to Bay Tr . Pk. Lemon Bay -■'■-o , .003 EA i Unknown Unknown Englewood Shopping Lemon Bay "0 . ,010 EA Ech Fs Unknown Unknown Center Shady Haven Tr. Pk. Lemon Bay *0, ,006 EA Unknown Unknown Oak Grove Tr. Pk. Forked Creek to Lemon Bay *0, ,018 EA Unknown Unknown Sarasota County Court Pond to ditch to *0, ,004 EA Ech Unknown Unknown House (South Annex) Alligator Creek to and Welcome Station Lemon Bay Venice East S/D Alligator Creek to Lemon Bay *0, ,070 CiLcEcg Unknown Unknown Venice Gardens S/D Alligator Creek to Lemon Bay 0, ,200 CS LcEcg 4 39 0, ,319 Venice Beach Camp- ground Palm & Pine Trailer Village Sorrento Happy Haven Tr. Pk. Floridaland West Royal Palms Tr. Pk. Red Lake to Intra- coas tal Waterway Pond to Dona Bay Canal to Blackburn Bay Ditch to Little Sarasota Bay Ditch to creek to Little Sarasota Bay Creek to Little Sarasota Bay ■0, ,010 EA CpEch Unknown Unknown "0, .0075 EA Unknown Unknown ; 0, .015 EA CpFsEch Unknown Unknown '0 .009 EA EchLc Unknown Unknown '0, ,020 VA Lc Unknown Unknown f .009 EA Unknown Unknown See footnotes at end of table. 98 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Es taurine study area and _ . map key- Source of waste- A verage Estimated Estimated n • • daily Receiving waters , . , discharge Trea tment— average 5-day popula t ion equivalent ° r 4/ pa city— B.O.D. in ln 6 ca discharge discharge- M •g.d.^ P . p.m. Creek to Little '•■■•0.0162 CACAp Unknown Unknown Sarasota Bay Ditch to Phillippi 0.050 EA Ech 10.0 25 Creek Lake to ditch to Lit- *0.008 EA Ech Unknown Unknown tle Sarasota Bay Pond to creek to Lit- 0.168 CS LcEcg 4 33 tle Sarasota Bay Sarasota Bay 0.0024 CAaCpHoEch Unknown Unknown Canal to Sarasota Bay *0.100 EA Unknown Unknown Drainage ditch to 0.0027 CFCShCiFth 22 3 Sarasota Bay Cp Grand Canal to Little 0.0091 EA Unknown Unknown Sarasota Bay Grand Canal to Little 0.100 EA LraCm 16 78 Sarasota Bay Sarasota Bay *0 . 006 EA Unknown Unknown Phillippi Creek to 0.120 CS EcgBo 16 94 Sarasota Bay Mosquito ditch to 0.034 EA EcgLc 10 17 Sarasota Bay Buttonwood Harbor ••0.005 EA CpEchH Unknown Unknown Buttonwood Harbor 0.010 CsCraEcg 10 5 093. 094. 095. 096. 097. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 108. 109. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. Buckingham Tr. Pk. Southeast Shopping Plaza & Apts. The Barclay House, Inc. Gulf Gate S/D Ward's Restaurant Oasis Apts. Gulf and Bay Club Casa Mar Apts. Siesta Isles S/D Field Club, Inc. Southgate S/D Longboat Utility Co., Inc . Buttonwood Harbor Apts. Twin Shores Apts. & Tr. Pk. Sun 'N Fun Club Sarasota Juvenile Detention Home Burzenski Nursing Home Kensington Park S/D Electro Mechanical Research, Inc. Bahia Vista Tr. Pk. Estates Wilhelm Nursing Home Sarasota (city) American Beryllium Tri Park Estates Mob. Hm. Dolomite Industrial Park Sarasota-Bradenton Airport Rip Van Winkle Bowladrome Happiness House Bay College Apts. Golden Buddha Restaurant Phillippi Creek to Sarasota Bay Canal to Phillippi Creek to Sarasota Bay Phillippi Creek to Sarasota Bay Phillippi Creek to Sarasota Bay Fruitville Drain to Phillippi Creek Fruitville Drain to Phillippi Creek Pond to Phillippi Creek Canal to Whitaker Bayou Ditch to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Canal to Whitaker Bayou Creek to Whitaker Bayou Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Sarasota Bay *0.005 ShAmCpEch Unknown -0.0033 EA Ech Unknown -0.008 f: \ Unknown 0.250 AGCmFthCm 4 BoEcLc 0.013 CiFthCpEcg 20 Lc -0.048 CmFthEcgDop Unknown -0.015 EA Ech Unknown 6.200 CFCDEgGhSc 46 CmFthCm DfpBoXd *0.005 EA EchLc Unknown •■0.0345 CfFthLcEcg Unknown -0.0026 EA Ech 0.0156 CsFs *0.0038 CsFs '•■0.002 CsFs -0.0019 GEA EchH -0.0026 EA Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unkno wn 49 13 Unkno wn Unknown 13,992 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown See footnotes at end of table. 99 Table 7 . -- (Continued) Estaurine study area and map key- Source of waste 3 Receiving waters Average daily discharge or 4/ capacity— Estimated Estimated Treatment— average 5-day population equivalent B.O.D. in discharge— discharge P. p.m. ShCmFthCm 36 708 EcDBo CFCGpCfFth 50 584 CmEgXd EA Ip Unknown Unknown 130 Bayshore Gardens 131 Trailer Estates S/D 132 Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Church 133 Villa Del Sol Tr. Pk. 134 Champion Home Builders 135 Robinson Trailer Mfg. 136 J-J Mobile Park 137 Kountry Kitchen Restaurant 138 Ta Ho Lounge 139 Oneco Elem. Sch. 141 Blanche H. Daughtrey Elem. Sch. 153 Southeast Jr. Sr. High School 156 Luxor Mobile Park 157 Kash and Karry 159 Try-More Tr . Village 160 Avon Air Tr. Ct. 173 Windsor Park--Cortez Utilities (temporary plant) 174 Windsor Park--Cortez Utilities (permanent plant) 175 Cortez Estates S/D 176 Royal Gardens Tr. Pk. 177 Paradise Bay Tr . Pk. 178 San Remo Shores S/D 180 Rus's Tr. Pk. 181 Pines Tr. Pk. 182 Imperial House Con- dominium 183 Gulf Park Tr. Pk. 184 Holmes Beach (city) 185 Seaside Gardens S/D 186 Flamingo Cay S/D Total See footnotes at end of table. Sarasota Bay Sarasota M.g.d.- 0.401 •••0.238 *0.0026 •■0.0045 EA Ech •■0.0015 CFs Little Pittsburgh Drain to Oneco Drain to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Oneco Drain to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Oneco Drain to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Oneco Drain to Bolees *0.001 CFs Creek to Sarasota Bay Oneco Drain to Bolees '-0.015 EA Ech Creek to Sarasota Bay Oneco Drain to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Borrow pit to Oneco Drain to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Unknown Unknown 0.006 EA CpEchLc Unknown ■'0.0017 EA Ech Unknown Ditch to Oneco Drain *0 .0065 EA Unknown Unknown Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Canal to Bolees *0 .0075 G EA EchH Unknown Unknown Creek to Sarasota Bay Ditch to Oneco Drain *0 .0243 CsFs Unknown Unknown to Bolees Creek to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Cedar *0 .010 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Hammock Drain to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to *0 .0026 G EA EchH Unknown Unknown canal to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Cedar *0 .0065 EA Ech , Unknown Unknown Hammock Drain to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to canal *0, .0191 EA Unknown Unknown to Sarasota Bay Cedar Hammock Drain *0 .035 CiFthCEch Unknown Unknown to Palma Sola Bay CsFs Cedar Hammock Drain *0, .0875 CmDoLcEg Unknown Unknown to Palma Sola Bay Creek to Palma Sola *0, ,091 CiFthCpEcg Unknown Unknown Bay Lc Canal to creek to *0. ,015 EA EchH Unknown Unknown Palma Sola Bay Sarasota Bay 0, ,0125 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Canal to Palma Sola *0, ,053 G EA EchH Unknown Unknown Bay Canal to Sarasota *0, ,0033 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Bay Sarasota Bay *0, ,005 EA EchGa Unknown Unknown Sarasota Bay *0, ,040 EA CpDcp EhFp Unknown Unknown Sarasota Bay *0, ,020 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Canal to Sarasota 0, ,020 ShEA Ech Unknown Unknown Bay Sarasota Bay *0, ,009 EA Ech H Unknown Unknown Canal to Palma Sola 0, ,0185 G EA EchHCs 3 3 Bay 8, ,3798 100 Table 7 . -~ (Continued) Estuarine study area and j , map key- Source of waste Receiving waters Average Estimated Estimated daily 5/ average population , Treatment— c , . , discharge ->-day equivalent or , , B.O.D. in capacity n discharge discharge 6/ Tampa Bay: 142 ' 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 155 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 M.g.d. P. p.m. Magic Mile Sh. Cen. Trailer Villa Fairlane Acres Vic's Mob. Hm. Court Trailer Park Con- struction Co. Golf Lake Mobile Estates Heather Hills Mob. Hm. S/D El Ranch Mobile Village Chalet Maxine Restau- rant Crews Tr. Pk. Colony Plaza Condomin- ium Apts. Ritz Tr. Ct. Lincoln Arms Tr. Pk. K&K Tr. Pk. McDonald's Eagle Village Cortez Plaza Sh. Cen. Cortez Road Sh. Cen. (Montgomery Ward) Sunset Trailer Village Plaza Mobile Court Trail Motel & Tr. Pk. Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Storm drain to Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Canal to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Storm drain to Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River Cedar Hammock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River *0.0017 G EA Is 0.0112 EA ••''0.035 0.0077 EA EchLc *0.01E G EA Ech 0.0126 CsCpDopEch -0.020 EACpEchLc *0.030 *0.0026 EA Ech -0.018 EA -0.008 EA Ech EA CpEchLc "0.004 EA GhEch *0.020 *0.010 *0 . 040 0.0038 EA Ech 0.015 *0.015 *0.0123 EA Unknown Unknown Unknown 15 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown See footnotes at end of table. 101 Table 7.-- (Continued) Estuarine study area and map key— Source of waste Receiving waters Average daily di s charge ° r 4/ capacity- Estimated 5/ average 5-day B.O.D. in discharge Estimated population equivalent discharge 6/ 171 187 189 190 191 192 193 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202.... 204 205 207 208 209 210 211 212 214 215.... 216 217 218 219 220 221 Total. Palm Village Mobile Park Palma Sola School Fairway Sh. Cen. Bradenton Country Club West Bradenton Baptist Church Manatee Ave. Sh. Cen. Bradenton (city) Fruit Growers Express Manatee Manor Terra Siesta Mob. Hm. Pk. Holiday Shores Mobile Estates Palm Grove Tr. Pk. Manatee River Tr. Pk. Hiway Shores Tr. Pk. Tidevue Estates S/D Ellenton (former city) Still Motel Palmetto (city) Washington Park Elem. Sch. Leisure Lake Mob. Hm. Village Rama da Inn Coach House Mob. Hm. Pk. Carlyn Estates Tr . Pk. Borden Chemical Co. Spade Engineering Office & Warehouse W.D. Miller Sh. Cen. Renshaw Tr. Pk. Bahia Beach Apollo Beach S/D Ruskin Tomato Growers Assoc. Ruskin Vegetable Corp. Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain to Wares Creek to Manatee River M.g.d.— P.p.m. •■'0.015 EA Echls Unknown Ditch to Wares Creek *0, .006 EA Unknown Unknown to West Bayou to Manatee River Storm drainage to *0 .010 EA Unknown Unknown Warner East Bayou to Manatee River County drainage to *0 .0033 EA Eg Unknown Unknown Warner East Bayou to Manatee River Storm drain to *0 .0017 CsFs Unknown Unknown Manatee River Ditch to Manatee *0 .014 EA Ech Unknown Unknown River Robinson Ditch to 1. 930 GhCmFthEcg 17 1,610 storm drain to CmDfhrBo Braden River Xd Ditch to Manatee *0 .010 GCFthCEh Unknown Unknown Hammock Drain to Braden River Canal to Manatee *0 .035 G EA Ech Unknown Unknown River Creek to Manatee .0235 EA Ech Unknown Unknown River Creek to Manatee "0 .0022 G EA Ech Unknown Unknown River Canal to Manatee *0 .015 EA Unknown Unknown River Manatee River *0. ,005 AaCpHoEch Unknown Unknown Manatee River *0, ,005 G EA Ech Unknown Unknown Canal to Manatee 0, .014 CfFthCmEcg 49 34 River Lc Manatee River Unknown Untreated CsFs Unknown Unknown Unknown Creek to Manatee *0 , ,0012 Unknown River Terra Ceia Bay 0, .853 GpScCmFthCm LcEcgBoDF 16 670 Canal to Manatee *0, .010 EA Unknown Unknown River Canal to Terra Ceia *0, ,035 EA Unknown Unknown Bay State Road Dept. *0, ,0144 CsFs Unknown Unknown drain to ditch to Terra Ceia Bay Canal to creek to *0, ,0413 CfFthCpEcg Unknown Unknown Terra Ceia Bay Lc Creek to Terra Ceia *0, ,014 EA AaCpHo Unknown Unknown Bay Drainage ditch to *0. ,006 Sh EA Ech Unknown Unknown Tampa Bay Drainage to Little *0, ,0005 Lc EA Ech Unknown Unknown Manatee River to Tampa Bay Little Manatee River *0, ,008 EA Ech Unknown Unknown to Tampa Bay Little Manatee River 0, ,003 EA EchLc Unknown Unknown to Tampa Bay Tampa Bay Canal to Tampa Bay *0. *0, ,035 104 EA CiFthCpEc Unknown 17 Unknown 87 Pond to ditch to Tampa Bay *0, ,0045 EA Lc Unknown Unknown Polishing pond to *0. ,0065 EA EchLc Unknown Unknown canal to Tampa Bay 3, ,5320 See footnotes at end of table. 102 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Estuarine ^ study area Source of waste- and _/ map key- Receiving waters Average daily discharge or 4/ capacity- Estimated Estimated 5/ average population 5-day equivalent B.O.D. in discharge discharge 6/ Hillsborough Bay: 223 Oakside Tr . Pk. 224 Riverview Sh. Cen. 225 Progress Village 226 Nitram Chemical, Inc. 227 Yocam Battery Plant 228 Rebel Acres Tr . Pk. 229 Clair-Mel City S/D 230 Adamo Acres S/D 233 Florida Steel Corp. 237 Tampa (city) 238 Pinecrest Villa S/D 239 Tampa Yacht & Golf Club 240 MacDill AFB Total Old Tampa Bay: 241 National Gypsum Co. 242 Tampa Egypt Temple (Shriners) 243 Town & Country Park S/D 244 Tampa Suburban Uti- lities 245 Bay Crest Park 246.., Tampa Shores 247 Troy Veller Tr. Ct. 248 Oldsmar (city) 250 Safety Harbor (city) Ditch River ough Ditch River ough County Hills Delane Hills Delane Hills Ditch Delane Hills Palm R Bay to Alaf to Hil Bay to Alaf to Hil Bay draina borough y Creek borough y Creek borough to McKa y Creek borough iver to M.g.d.-^ '■■0.012 EA P. p.m. lsbor- lsbor- ge to Bay to Bay to Bay y Bay to B.i\ McKay Canal to Six Mile Creek to Palm River to McKay Bay McKay Bay and Hillsborough Bay Drainage canal to Sweetwater Creek to Hillsborough Bay Hillsborough Bay Hillsborough Bay ■■•0.010 EA EchLc 0.217 ShCmFthCm HBoLcEcg -0.0045 ShEA EchLc ••■0.009 ACpEch '•■0.0035 EA Ech 0.381 SchGhCmFth CmEgDopBo 0.045 CsCpFsXCm FthCmEcg DepBo *0.010 EA 28.217 SmgGmwCmEg SimDfert BoXd ■•'0.525 FtDpfLcEcg '"0.0025 AaCpEchHo 0.650 Primary Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 9 96 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 7 Unknown 131 40 Unknown Unknown 24 33,224 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 75 2,392 30 0865 Old Tampa Bay *0 0075 EA Unknown Unknown Sweetwater Creek to *0 0015 EA CpEch Unknown Unknown Old Tampa Bay Sweetwater Creek to 500 CmFthCmDop 30 736 Old Tampa Bay EcBo Sweetwater Creek to 287 SchGmCmFth 27 380 Old Tampa Bay CmEcgDopBo Canal to Old Tampa 210 EA Cm 11 113 Bay Canal to Old Tampa 031 CiLcBo 29 44 Bay Double Branch Creek *0 010 EA ShCpEch Unknown Unknown to Old Tampa Bay Creek to Old Tampa 062 CmFthCmEgc 12 37 Bay LcDopBo Mullet Creek to Old 144 GmFthCmEch 30 212 Tampa Bay DcBo See footnotes at end of table. 103 Table 7. --(Continued) Estuarine study area and map key- Source of waste- Receiving waters Average daily discharge ° r 4/ capacity— _ 5/ average Treatment- . . ° 5 -day B.O.D. in discharge Estimated population equivalent discharge 6/ M.g.d. 7/ P .p.m. 251 Clearwater (city- East Plant) 252 Shore Lanes Bowling Alley 254 Fairchild Hiller Corp. 255 Holiday Harbor Trailer Court 258 Gateway Mob. Hra. Park 259 Tri-City Industrial Park 260. Derby Lane Dog Track 261 St. Petersburg (city-- Northeast Plant) 262 St. Petersburg (city-- Albert Whitted Plant) 263 Ft. DeSoto No. 2 Total Boca Ciega Bay: 264 Ft. DeSoto No. 3 265 Ft. DeSoto No. 1 266 Ft. DeSoto No. 4 267 Tierra Verde S/D 268 St. Petersburg (city-- Southwest Plant) 269 St. Petersburg Beach (city) 270 Treasure Island (city) 271 St. Petersburg (city-- Northwest Plant) 272 South Cross Bayou- Sanitary District 273 Northfield Manor Tr. Pk. 274 Pinellas Park (city) 275 General Electric 276 Cross Bayou Estates 277 Seminole Lake Golf & Country Club Estates 278 Bay Pines S/D 279 Bay Pines Veterans Hospital 280 Madeira Beach (city) 281 Parsley's Tr. Pk. 282 Indian Rocks Beach South Shore (city) Total Old Tampa Bay Drainage ditch to Old Tampa Bay Ditch to Cross Bayou Canal to Old Tampa Bay Cross Bayou Canal to Old Tampa Bay Canal to Old Tampa Bay Pond to canal to Tampa Bay Canals to Old Tampa Bay Tampa Bay Tampa Bay Tampa Bay 0. ,861 ScCmHoAmCmD frEcgLc 39 1,647 *0, ,0055 CFthCpEch Unknown Unknown *0, ,006 EA CpEhHoSh Unknown Unknown *0, ,045 EA Unknown Unknown *0. 050 ShEA EchLc Unknown Unknown *0, ,005 EA Ech Unknown Unknown *0, ,001 EA 10 1 4, ,980 GmSchCmEg DfhrBoSc AmCmEcg 12 2,932 11, ,700 ScCS Dcfmr Vc 145 83,230 0, ,0034 EA Cp 13 2 18. ,9099 Boca Ciega Bay Mullet Key Bayc *u .0015 .0046 EA ScEA Ech 3 3 1 1 Boca Ciega Bay Boca Ciega Bay Boca Ciega Bay *0 5. .0076 .080 .880 EA CpEch EA SchGmCmEg DfhrBoSc 10 Unknown 10 4 Unknown 2,885 Boca Ciega Bay 1, ,350 AmCmEcg ScCmAaCmEcg DfgEhtVv XdDaSmZi 12 795 Boca Ciega Bay 0, ,945 ScCmAaCm EcgDfg EhtVvXd DaSmZi 11 510 Ditch to Boca C Bay Joe's Creek )iega 5 2, .860 ,850 ScGmEgCm DfhrBo SchCmFthCm VvEcg 135 41 38,811 5,733 Ditch to Cross Bayou *0, ,015 ACpEcgDg Unknown Unknown Canal Cross Bayou Canal 0, ,950 CACDScGmCm 9.0 419 to Boca Ciega Ditch to Cross Bay Bayou *0, .0795 AaCmEg DfpBo EA EcgCm Unknown Unknown Cana 1 Cross Bayou Canal to 0. ,750 CFShCfFth 15.0 552 Boca Ciega Ba> Cross Bayou to Boca 0, ,015 EcgBo EA Unknown Unknown Ciega Bay Ditch to Boca C :iega *0, ,240 CfFthCm Unknown Unkn ,wn Bay Boca Ciega Bay *0, ,020 EcgBo Pumped to County Unknown Unknown Boca Ciega Bay Boca Ciega Bay Boca Ciega Bay 1, *0, 0, ,330 .048 ,042 System SchCmEcg DfpBoXd CiFtrCmEcgX SchCmAmCm EcgDfpBo 1 Unknown 4 65 Unknown 8 20, ,4682 See footnotes at end of table. 104 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Es taurine study area and j - map key- Source of was te- Receiving waters Average Estimated Estimated daily Treatment— average population discharge 5-day equiva lent ° r 4/ capaci ty— B.O.D. in in 6 discharge discharge- M.g.d.-/ P . p.m. '•0.0083 EA Ech Unknown Unknown -■0.0218 EA Lc Unknown Unknown 0.004 EA Ech Unknown Unknown 1.020 ScGamCmAmCm DfhEcg 9 450 0.153 ScShCmAmCm Df 16 120 0.0016 EA Ech Unknown Unknown ''•0.003 EA Ech Unknown Unknown 0.832 ScCmHoAmCm DfrEcgLc 27 1,102 1.970 SchCmAmCm EcgDfbBoXd 32 3,093 1.144 GmScGsDFr VvEcg 95 5,332 '•'0.0035 EA Ech Unknown Unknown *0.0083 EA CpDopEch Unknown Unknown -0.149 CfFthCmEcg Unknown Unknown 0.842 ShCmEcgDfp BoXdSc 98 4,048 *0.006 EA EchLc 12 4 6.1665 St. Joseph Sound: 283 Coquina Cove Tr. Pk. , 284 Gulf Vu Tr. Pk. 285 Woodland Hills 286 McKay Creek Sanitary District 287 Belleair (town) 288 Kakusha Mob. Hm. 289 Belleview--Biltraore Hotel Cabana Club 290 Clearwater (City-- Marina Plant) 291 Clearwater (city-- Marshall St. Plant) 295 Dunedin (city) 296 Plasti Kraft Corp. 297 Ozona Shores S/D 298 Baywood Village 299 Tarpon Springs (city) 301 Pappas Plaza Sh. Cen. Total Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key: 302 Flor-A-Mar S/D #2 303 Flor-A-Mar S/D #1 304 New Port Richey (city) Total Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Point: 305 Riverside Villas Apts. 306 Sportsman's Apts. 307 Homosassa Springs Tourist Attraction- Spring 308 Homosassa Springs Tourist Attraction- 's. 19 309 Spring Village Tr. Pk. 310 Paradise Plantation Motel 311 Crystal River (city) 312 Crystal River Mob. Hm. Pk. Total Waccasassa Bay: 313 Cedar Key (city) Suwannee Sound: No data. . . • Apalachee Bay: 314 St. Marks (city) See footnotes at end of table. Ditch to Intra- coastal Waterway Ditch to Intra- coastal Waterway Ditch to Clearwater Harbor Clearwater Harbor Ditch to Clearwater Harbor Ditch to Clearwater Harbor Clearwater Harbor Clearwater Harbor St. Joseph Sound Clearwater Bay Mosquito ditch to St. Joseph Sound Smith Bayou to St. Joseph Sound St. Joseph Sound Anclote River Anclote River to St. Joseph Sound Cross Bayou Cross Bayou Canal to Gulf of Mexico Canal to Homosassa River Homosassa River Homosassa River Drainage canal to Homosassa River Drainage canal to Homosassa River Canal to Crystal River Crystal River Crystal River Waccasassa Bay St. Marks River 0.010 0.030 0.338 0.3783 "0.006 CILcEH CfFthCmEcg SchGahCmFth CmDfcgpBoEcg 32 12 2 20 *0.003 EA CpEchH 20 --0.015 EA Ech 20 *0.004 EA Ech *0.003 EA Ech *0.035 CS 20 20 20 0.250 ScEA CmEgLc Unknown ••0.005 EA Ech 20 0.071 Unknown Septic tanks Unknown 16 18 33 3 14 3 34 Unknown 5 Unknown Untreated Unknown Unknown 105 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Estuarine study area and ~ , map ke\ — Source of waste Receiving waters Estimated Estimated average population Average daily „ „ 5/ , ' Treatment- discharge 5-day equivalent or ,. B.O.D. in in ,. capacity— discharge discharge— St. George Sound: 316 Carrabelle (city) 317 Gulf Terrace S/D 318 Lanark Village S/D Total Apalachicola Bay: 319 Apalachicola (city) 321 Gulf Colony S/D Total St. Joseph Bay: 324 Port St. Joe (city) East Bay: 326 Tyndall AFB #2 St. Andrew Bay: 327 Tyndall *FB #1 330 Crews Mob. Hm. Ct. 331 Panama City--Plant No. 1 (Millville) Total North Bay: 335 Lynn Haven (city) 336 Panama City--Plant No. 2 (St. Andrew) 337 Woodlawn S/D Total St. Andrew Bay: 338 U.S. Mine Defense Laboratory 339 Privett's KOA (Camp- ground 340 Point Royal S/D 341 Capt. Anderson's Restaurant Total St. George Sound St. George Sound Ditch to St. George Sound Creek to Apalachi- cola River Ditch to creek to Apalachicola River St. Joseph Bay East Bay St. Andrew Bay Parker Bayou to St. Andrew Bay Watson Bayou to St. Andrew Bay North Bay North Bay North Bay M.g.d 7/ ■•■•0.200 *0.070 •■0.200 0.470 0.481 2.173 1.965 C ShCiEcg CiEcg CiFthCmEcg P . p .m. Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown -0.400 ScGnCmFthCm Unknown EgDgmBo •■•'0.081 CiEchLc Unknown *0.3 50 ShGpCmEcgBo Unknown = Dcp ""0.409 Unknown Unknown -0.750 Unknown *0.023 EA 1.400 CmFthCmEg DghrBoXd 0.160 GhScCmFth CmBoDf 1.750 ScGamCsEcg 0.055 CiEcgBo Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown known Unknown 70 6,010 known Unknown St. Andrew Bay "0 . .300 EA Unknown Unknown Alligator Bayou to *0, .005 EA CpEchHo Unknown Unknown St. Andrew Bay St. Andrew Bay *0. .070 EA Unknown Unknown Ditch to Grand *0, ,015 EA Ech Unknown Unknown Lagoon 0.390 See footnotes at end of table. 106 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Estuarine study area and j , map key- Source of waste- Receiving waters Average daily „ . .5 . J Treatment- discharge capacity 4/ Estimated Estimated average population 5-day equivalent B.O.D. in in 6 discharge discharge— P. p.m. > J 809 Unknown Unknown 33 486 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 10 83 M.g.d V Choc tawha tehee Bay: 343 Niceville (city) Boggy Bayou 344 Road Camp Prison Juniper Creek to Boggy Bayou 346 Valparaiso (city) Tom's Bayou to Boggy Bayou 347 Marion Heights S/D Tom's Bayou to Boggy Bayou 348 Eglin AFB (Main Field) Choctawhatchee Bay 349 Eglin AFB (Ben's Lake) Choctawhatchee Bay 350 Eglin AFB (Hospital) Choctawhatchee Bay 351 Shalimar School Gamier Bayou 352 Michael Monty Tr. Ct. Gamier Bayou (Shalimar Mob. Hm. Pk.) 355 Walton Arms Apts. Five Mile Bayou 356........ Warrington Homes S/D Five Mile Bayou 357 Colony Estates S/D Five Mile Bayou 358 Ft. Walton Beach to Five Mile Bayou Golf Course Total Santa Rosa Sound: 353 Okaloosa Island Santa Rosa Sound Authority 354 Ft. Walton Beach Santa Rosa Sound 360 Mary Esther (town) Santa Rosa Sound 361 Hurlburt Field (USAF) Santa Rosa Sound 362 Master's Tr. Pk. Santa Rosa Sound 363 Santa Rosa County Santa Rosa Sound Beach Administration 364 Santa Rosa Shores S/D Santa Rosa Sound 365 Santa Rosa Island Santa Rosa Sound Authority 366 Gulf Breeze (city) Santa Rosa Sound Total •'•0.500 ShCmFthCm EgDopBo ■0 004 CmFthCmEc •0 300 CmFthCmEc '0 070 CfFtrCmEcj '•1 500 ShCmFtrCm DcpBoEc GhXd '0 540 CmFthCmEg DftBoXd '0 350 CmFthCmEg DftBoXd ■'0 009 EA Ech -o 025 EA Ech '0 005 EA Ech -o 140 EA Ech '0 150 CS '0 170 EA Ech 3 763 200 SctAmCmEc 22 216 1 850 GhShCmFth CmEgDft BoXd 10 908 150 CmAaCmDfrEL Bo 4 29 *0 500 CmFtrCmDcp Bo Unknown Unknown *0 006 EA CpDcpEch Unknown Unknown *0 210 EA Unknown Unknown *o 035 CiEcgLc Unknown Unknown *0 288 GhScEgCm FthEgCm DpmBoXd Unknown Unknown 032 CfFthCBoEcg 18 28 3 271 See footnotes at end of table. 107 Table 7 .-- (Continued) Estaurine study area and 2/ map key- Source of waste Average Estimated Estimated „ . . daily 5/ average population Receiving waters , . , Treatment— _ , ° . , discharge 5-day equivalent B.O.D. in discharge discharge 4/ capacity— 6/ M.g.d. 7/ East Bay: 367 Whiting Field (U.S.N.A.S.) 368 Milton (city) 369 East Milton El em. Sch. Total Escambia Bay: 370 American Cyanamid Co. 373 Chemstrand (Monsanto) 375 Scenic Hills Country Club 377 Univ. of West Florida 379 Ellyson Field (U.S.N.A.S.) 380 Pensacola (city- Plant No. 3) Total Pensacola Bay: 3S1 Pensacola (city) 385 Moreno Courts 386 Pen Haven S/D 387 Warrington (area) 388 Corey Field (U.S.N.A.S.) 392 Pensacola (U.S.N.A.S.) Total Perdido Bay: 394 Perdido Bay Country Club Estates 395 Devonshire S/D 396 Mayfair S/D 397 Montclair S/D 398 Wedgewood S/D 399 Avondale S/D 400 Fairway Mob. Hm. Pk. 401 Lincoln Park S/D Total Grand Total Z1Z1 Blackwater River Blackwater River *0.700 SchEgGhCm FtrCmEcg DcpBo 1.000 CmFthCmEcg BoDfrtDo Ditch to Blackwater -'0.005 EA River Escambia Bay Escambia River Escambia River Escambia River Escambia Bay Escambia Bay 0.905 Unknown 1,864 Unknown 1. 705 *0, .055 EA Ech Unknown Unknown '•'0. ,350 EA Ech Unknown Unknown to. ,020 Cs Unknown Unknown *o. ,125 EA Ech Unknown Unknown ''0. ,125 SchEgCmFth GmEcgDcBo Unknown Unknown 0, ,230 ScGmCmFthCm DfVvXd Unknown Unknown Pensacola Bay 4, ,000 EgCmSchAa CmEcgDch mrtDgXdVv Unknown Unknown Bayou Chico *0. .210 ScGhCpAmCp DfEgBo Unknown Unknown Creek to Bayou 0, .360 GhShCmFth 25 442 Chico CmEcgDfpBo Bayou Chico 0, ,020 CfFthCmEcgX 57 56 Bayou Chico *0, .210 SchEgCmFth CmEcgDcBo Unknown Unknown Pensacola Bay *1. .700 EgSchGhCmEg DfBoXd Unknown Unknown 6, ,500 Perdido Bay *0. ,035 CiLcE Unknown Unknown Bayou Marcus Creek *0, ,017 EA Ech Unknown Unknown to Perdido Bay Bayou Marcus Creek 0, ,055 CfFthCmEcgX 17 46 to Perdido Bay Bayou Marcus Creek *0. ,350 ShGhCmFt2h 67 Unknown to Perdido Bay CmEcgDfp BoLc Bayou Marcus Creek 0, ,004 CsCmDcpEcg 13 3 to Perdido Bay he Bayou Marcus Creek 0, ,182 CfFthCmEcgX 40 357 to Perdido Bay Bayou Marcus River *0. ,030 Ea CpEch Unknown Unknown Eleven Mile Creek *0. ,025 CS Ecg Unknown Unknown to Perdido Bay 0, ,698 Sources: Florida State Board of Health and pertinent County health departments. 2/ 3/, See figs. 2-24 for locations of sources of pollution. Apt(s). = Apartment(s) ; Elem. Sch. = Elementary School; Est. = Estates; Mob. Hm. = Mobile Homes; S/D = Subdivision; Sh. Cen. = Shopping Center; Tr. Ct. = Trailer Court; Tr. Pk. = Trailer Park. 4/ — Asterisk (*) indicates capacity; no asterisk indicates average daily discharge. 108 Table 7.-- (Continued) — In the key to symbols below, capital letters stand for major t methods of treatment; sequence of letters indicate sequence of ope EA Extended aeration package plant that has units for aeration, and sludge holding. CS Contact stabilization package plant that has units for mixing, aerobic digestion. ypes of treatment; lower case letters show rations in the treatment processes. settling, aerobic digestion, chlorination activated sludge, diffused open top air aeration P unheated Contact aerators r heated activated sludge, mechanical t stage digestion aeration E Chlorination Sludge beds c with contact tank • -prn g by chlorine gas Settling tanks 1. by hypochlorite Spirahof f F Filters two story (Imhoff) h high capacity mechanically equipped 2h high capacity, two stage: plain, hopper bottom or r rotary distributor intermittently cleaning s intermittent sand septic tank t trickling Digester, separate sludge G Grit chambers aerobic .] aerated with cover (fixed if not h without continuous otherwise specified) removal mechanism gas used in engines (heat m with continuous removal usually recovered) mechanism with floating cover P grit pocket at screen gas used in heating chamber stirring mechanism w separate grit washing device Population equivalent = me . / 1 . 1 i-dav I 8.34 Million liters per day = m.g.d. x 3.79. — Winter (annual maximum). of the 20 estuarine areas can be considered to be strongly affected by pollution. They are the Caloosahatchee River, Sarasota Bay system, Hillsborough Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Boca Ciega Bay, St. Joseph Bay, St. Andrew Bay, Escambia Bay, Pensacola Bay, and Perdido Bay (plus the Fenholloway River, not listed separately in Table 1). Their combined area is 16 percent of the west coast total, or 22 percent if Florida Bay is excluded. Nationwide, some 62 percent of the estuarine zone is damaged by pollution, 20 percent of it heavily (U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 1969a — vol. 3, p. iv-413) . Thus, the extent of pollution in Florida's west coast estuaries appears to be slightly less overall than the extent of estuarine pollution nationwide. Figure 45 illustrates the distribution of clean- water areas. They are Class II waters, suitable for shellfishing; as such they pass the most stringent bacteriological tests of any waters in the state. Many waters are classified neither as polluted, Fig. 44, nor as clean, Fig. 45. They exhibit the intermediate condition designated Class III — for reaeration, settling chlorination an H Sludge storage tanks ( not second stage digestion units ) o open I Sewage application to land p percolation beds s subsurface application L Lagoons c oxidation lagoons or ponds N Ocean outfall sewer S Screens > c comminutor (screenings ground in sewage stream) i intermediate screens (1/8 to 1/2-inch openings) g screenings ground in separate grinder and returned to sewage flow h bar rack (1/2 to 2-inch open- ings), hand cleaned m bar rack (1/2 to 2-inch open- ings), mechanically cleaned t garbage ground at plant and added to sewage flow V Mechanical sludge dewatering c centrifuge v rotary vacuum filter X Sludge disposal d used for "fertilizer p used for fill recreation and the propagation and management of fish and wildlife. Most of Tampa Bay, coastal waters from Boca Ciega Bay to Crystal River, St. Joseph Bay, much of greater St. Andrew Bay and parts of greater Pensacola Bay and Escam- bia Bay are so designated. Details of pollution and its effects in specific areas are provided in several useful publications, some of which are mentioned below. Coliform bacterial counts of sufficient magnitude to cause concern were demonstrated in the Keys several years ago (FSBH, 1963), a situation which, in general, has improved little with time. Two re- curring problems in Manatee County, the prolif- eration of small domestic sewage treatment plants and industrial wastes discharged to Bish- op Harbor, were investigated by the Manatee County Health Department (1967a,b). A com- pilation of facts for regional planning in Sara- sota, Manatee, Hillsborough, and Pinellas Coun- ties was provided by Briley, Wild and Associates (1967) in its inventory of water, sewer, and solid waste systems. Effective pressure by citizen groups and mass media have contributed to the recent decision of Tampa voters to replace the 109 Figure 43. — The flow of pollutants into estuarine areas by coastal segment. Circled numbers are coastal segment numbers. inadequate Hooker Point sewage treatment plant, the major source of sewage in Tampa Bay, with a tertiary treatment plant at a cost of about $84 million. The obnoxious odor emanating from Hillsborough Bay due mainly to decompo- sition of the red alga, Gracilaria, has been thor- oughly investigated (FSBH, 1965; U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 1969b) . Other effects of pollution in Tampa Bay include reduction of the number of species of mollusks in Hillsborough Bay from over 20 to 4 (Taylor, Hall, and Saloman, 1970) and evidence of eu- trophication in Boca Ciega Bay (Taylor and Saloman, 1968). A special act of the Florida legislature in 1947 made the Fenholloway River a waste depository stream for Taylor County. It was surveyed twice in the early 1950's when it was a good fishing stream and eminently unsuited to receive wastes because of its limited quantity of dissolved oxygen (FSBH, 1951, 1954). Sa- ville (1966) confirmed its degradation. It re- mains unsuited either as a waste depository stream or as a fishing stream and is today a vile- smelling open sewer for the transport of paper mill wastes to the Gulf. The St. Marks River is subject to domestic sewage pollution and oc- casional oil spills (FSBH, 1964a). To the west a small industrial complex that includes a paper mill has altered the water quality and biota of St. Joseph Bay (FSBH, 1962b; Copeland, 1966). In St. Andrew Bay, a sanitary survey demon- strated polluted conditions (FSBH, 1962a). Fish kills and other evidences of gross pollution in Pensacola and Escambia Bays have been in- vestigated by de Sylva (1955), Murdock (1955), FSBH (1964b), Croker and Wilson (1965), FSBH (1966a). A recent study showed that the entire upper section of Escambia Bay is in a state of accelerated eutrophication (U.S. Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Administration, 1970a) ; local residents have experienced poor fishing for years in areas that once were bounti- ful (Toner, 1971). The results of two compre- hensive surveys of Perdido Bay are available (FSBH, 1967a; U.S. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, 1970b) ; both surveys document heavy pollution in the northern part of the bay. The States in cooperation with the Federal government set the water quality standards of estuaries under the Water Quality Act portion of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 466, et seq.). When approved, the standards constitute both enforceable State and Federal law because estuaries are interstate waters (See Ch. 28-5, Supp. 52, Fla. Statutes). Counties and municipalities do not set water quality standards, but they may determine the water use of specific areas (Wendell and Schwan, 1969). For example, County governments have closed certain parts of Sarasota Bay and Boca Ciega Bay to shellfish harvesting and all of Hills- borough Bay to water contact activities. Oil pollution is illegal. Stiff penalties were enacted in mid-1970 making the polluter liable to the State for all costs of cleanup or other dam- ages. In addition, the pilot and the master of the vessel or the person in charge of a terminal facility who fails to give immediate notification of an oil spill to the port manager and the U.S. Coast Guard shall be guilty of a felony and sub- ject to two years in prison and a fine of $10,000 ( Ch. 70-376, Fla. Statutes) . The law was passed soon after a tanker spilled 5,000-10,000 gal. 110 ,383, 384 371, 372, 374 St, Andrew Bay \ ^Apalachicola Bay ' St. Joseph Bay ^ CLOSED TO SHELLFISHING* c=J> MAJOR DOMESTIC POLLUTION ■■^ MAJOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION •See legend below Figure 44. — The distribution of major sources of pollution and areas that are closed to shellfishing. Only estu- arine areas that are affected by pollution are named. Underlined place names are those places where at least some part is closed to shellfishing. (19-38 m 3 ) of Bunker C type crude oil in Tampa Bay on February 13, 1970 (Anonymous, 1970). Waste heat from cooling waters of power plants has not yet become a serious problem. The law sets 93 °F (34°C) as the upper limit for cooling water returned to the environment (Ch. 28-5.05 g, Supp. 52, Fla. Statutes) . Under Water Temperature above, we showed that a maximum of about 92° F (33°C) was recorded at several estuarine stations. The only proposed nuclear power plant on this coast is under con- struction on the Gulf shore near Crystal River (Anonymous, 1969) . The site is about 7 statute miles (11 km) northeast of the city of Crystal River near the place in Fig. 15 marked "stack." Although pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), other chlorinated compounds (see Abelson, 1970), heavy metals such as mercury and lead, and radionuclides are not specifically mentioned, the Florida Statutes prohibit the in- troduction of deleterious or toxic substances into the water (Ch. 28-5.02, Supp. 52) . The eggshells 111 Table 8. --Location, source and type, receiving waters, discharge, treatment, B.O.D, population equivalent of industrial wastes discharged to estuarine study areas, (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), and west coast of Florida, 19681' Estuarine study area and ni3p key- Source of waste; principal products (where applicable); and waste produced Receiving waters Average daily discharge ° r . 3/ capacity— „v Estimated Estimated pounds of population Treatment—' B.O.D. equivalent discharged in _, daily discharge- Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass! 007 Doctors Pass to Estero Pass: 027 028 034 Ca loo sa ha tehee River: 035 043 ,. , 051 052 Sarasota Bay System: 079 083 086 087 098 099 105 106 107 110 118 140 158 , 172 , M.g.d.^ Shell Mound Coin Laundry; detergents . Paul Mitchell's Coin Laun- dry;- detergents. Bonita Coin Laundry; deter- gents . Ft. Myers Beach Laundromat; detergents . Island Shore Coin Laundry; detergents . Ft. Myers Villas Laundry; detergents . Smithy 's Coin Laundry; detergents. Star Plaza Laundry; detergents. Englewood Shopping Center Laundry; detergents . Trail Coin-0-Mat; detergents. Flamingo Cleaners Bayside; detergents. Tharrington Coin Laundry; detergents . Village Laundry; t deter- gents . Tropical Cleaners; deter- gents . Olin's Car Wash; deter- gents. Spain's Laundry; deter- gents. Washing Well Laundry; detergents. Easy Wash Laundry; deter- gents . E.M.R.; television and communication equipment ; chrome and cyanide. Edwards Laundry; deter- gents . Eslinger Laundry (Baywood) ; detergents . Barney's Washhouse #3; detergents . Chokoloskee Bay Imperial River to Unknown Ft Estero Bay Imperial River to Unknown Ft Estero Bay Estero Bay Unknown Ft Lb./day - Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown San Carlos Bay Unknown Ft Unknown Unknown Creek to Caloosa- Unknown Ft Unknown Unknown hatchee River Ditch, Orange River Unknown FtL Unknown Unknown to Caloosahatchee River Powell Creek to Unknown Ft Unknown Unknown Caloosahatchee River Canal to Lemon Bay 0.001 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Alligator .Creek to 0.008 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Lemon Bay Roberts Bay 0.008 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Shockett Creek to 0.0075 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Dona Bay Canal to Sarasota 0.0078 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Bay Canal to Sarasota 0.0053 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Bay Canal to Phillippi 0.005 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Creek to Sarasota Bay Canal to Phillippi 0.008 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Creek to Sarasota Bay Canal to Phillippi 0.008 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Creek to Sarasota Bay Sarasota Bay 0.0067 SiCFtCE Unknown Unknown Fruitville drainage 0.020 Kp Unknown Unknown to Phillippi Creek (complete- ly treated) Ditch to Oneco Drain •'•'0.0118 SiCFthCLc Unknown Unknown to Bowles Creek to Sarasota Bay Storm drain to Cedar *0.021 Hammock Drain to Sarasota Bay Cedar Hammock Drain *0.026 to Palma Sola Bay SiCFthCEch Unknown Unknown SiCFthC Unknown Unknown See footnotes at end of table. 112 Table 8. --(Continued) Estuarine study area and map key 2/ Source of waste; principal products (where applicable) ; and waste produced Receiving waters Average daily discharge Treatment- °* 3/ capacity— M.g.d.^ *0.015 SiCFthCEh *0.0118 SiCFthC V Estimated Estimated pounds of population B.O.D. equivalent discharged in daily discharge 5/ 179 Tampa Bay: 143 154 188 194 203 206 213 Hillsborough Bay: 222 226 231 232 234 235 236 Old Tampa Bay: 249 253 256 257 Guthrie Laundry; deter- gents. Barney Edwards Laundro- mat #2; detergents. Hood's Dairy; milk; dairy wash waste. Highlander Laundrey; detergents . Tropicana Products, Inc.; juices, industrial con- centrates, citrus pulp; citrus waste. Liner Laundry; detergents. Southern Dolemi te ; dole- mite; PO, 4. Mead Smith Laundrey; deter- gents . U.S. Phosphoric; Phosphates, sulfuric acid, other chemi- cals; ammonia, PO, 4. Nitram Chemical Inc.; fertilizer; nitrogen. Herman Sausage Co.; meat products; proc- essing wastes. Florida Nitrogen Co.; fertilizer and chem- icals; NaOH. Tampa Soap and Chemical; soap products; grease, tallow. Stauffer Chemical Co.; insecticides, chemicals ; chemicals, grease. Flag Chemical Co.; agri- cultural insecticides ; oil, grease. Sperry Microwave Electronics Co.; electric components; chrome. Fairchild-Hiller Corp.; aircraft maintenance; acids, solvents, oils, detergents. Modern Plating Corp.; metal finishing; chrome. Modern Tool & Die; metal stampings , tools, dies; chrome. Ditch to Sarasota Bay Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain, Wares Creek to Manatee River Ditch to Cedar Ham- mock Drain, Wares Creek to Manatee River Storm drain to Warners East Bayou to Manatee River Conduit to Manatee River Canal to Manatee River Manatee River Terra Ceia Bay *0.038 *0.016 *0.014 Unknown *0.016 Delaney Creek to Hillsborough Bay Six Mile Creek to Palm River to McKay Bay Six Mile Creek to Palm River to McKay Bay Six Mile Creek to Palm River to McKay Bay Palm River to McKay Bay Six Mile Creek to Palm River to McKay Bay Moccasin Creek to Old Tampa Bay Cross Bayou Canal to Old Tampa Bay Ditch to Cross Bayou Canal Two lagoons to ditch to Cross Bayou Canal Unknown 0.060 Unknown Unknown EAEchH SiCFthCEh Unknown SiCFtCEh Unknown Unknown Lp Unknown Cp Unknown Unknown Unknown Untreated Unknown Lp Unknown Untreated CpKpLc KfAaCLcLc Untreated Fs Lb. /day -' Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 5,000 30,000 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown See footnotes at end of table. 113 Table 8.-- (Continued) Estuarine study area and 9 , nap key- Source of waste; principal products (where applicable) ; and waste produced Average Estimated Estimated daily ,. pounds of population Receiving waters discharge Treatment— B.O.D. equivalent or r ,. discharged in s/ capacity— daily discharge— St. Joseph Sound: 292 293 294 300 Deadman Bay to St. Marks River: 315 Apalachicola Bay: 320 St. Joseph Bay: 322 323 325 East Bay (St. Andrew) : 328 St. Andrew Bay: 329 332 333 North Bay: 334 C ho c t a wa t c he e Ba y: 342 345 359 Escambia Bay: 371 372 See footnotes at Scott Metal Finishing; metal finishing; chrome, cyanide. Clearwater Plating; plated metal ; chrome, cyanide . Hood Citrus Processors; citrus products; citrus wa s t e . Pappas Plaza Coin Laundry; detergents . Buckeye Cellulose Corp.; dissolving pulp; wood resi- due. Shellfish Processing Co.; shellfish meat; shellfish St. Joe Paper Co.; kraft board, corrugated contain- ers;, wood fibers, chips, bark. Glidden Co.; tall oil, fatty acids, tall oil rosin; oils, grease, resinous materials. Michigan Chemical Co.; magnesium; high pH. Tyndall AFB; aircraft maintenance; oil, solvents, grease. Round the Clock Laundry; detergents . Arizona Chemical Co.; tall oil, fatty acids, tall oil rosin; oils, tars. International Paper Co. ; paper, kraft board; lignin, resins, sulfides. Golden and Kelly Laundry; detergents . Longbeach Resort Laundry; detergents . C.C. Speedwashers ; detergents . C.W. Riggs Laundry; detergents . American Cyanamid Co.; acrylic fiber; ammonia, nitrates. Escambia Chemical Corp.; agricultural and indus- trial chemicals; ammonia. end of table. Stephenson's Creek to St. Joseph's Sound Stephenson' s Creek to St. Joseph Sound S t . Joseph Sound Anclote River to St. Joseph Sound Fenholloway River Ditch to creek to Apalachicola Bay St. Joseph Bay St. Joseph Bay St. Joseph Bay East Bay 3.000 0.0079 50.000 0.010 32.000 0.002 Unknown Lb 1 /day- / No approved Unknown Unknown treatment Untreated Unknown Unknown Unknown 100,000 18 Lp Unknown Unknown 425 2,500 Untreated 33,320 196,000 53 Unknown Unknown Unknown 1,000 Parker Bayou to St 0.012 SiCFtCEL 24 141 Andrew Bay St, Andrew Bay 0.002 Unknown 4 24 St. Andrew Bay 50.000 No approved treatment 20.. ,400 120. ,000 North Bay 0.005 SiCFtCEL 10 60 Grand Lagoon 0.008 SiCFtCEL 17 100 Boggy Bayou 0.004 SiCFtCEL 10 59 Five Mile Bayou 0.004 SiCFtCEL 10 59 Escambia Bay 3.000 Kp 3, ,000 18. ,000 Escambia Bay 3.000 Kp 7 ,480 44 ,000 114 Table ■(Continued) Estuarine study area and map key- 2/ Source of waste; principal products (where applicable) ; and waste produced Receiving waters Average daily discharge or capacity 3/ Estimated Estimated , , pounds of population Treatment— B.O.D. equivalent discharged in ... daily discharge— 6/ 374 376* 378 Pensacola Bay: 382 383 384 389 390 391 393 Perdido Bay: 402 Chemstrand (Monsanto) ; synthetic fibers; organic acids, nitrates, sulfates, suspended solids. Gulf Power Corp.; electric- ity; thermal load only, Goodens Laundry (Nine Mile Road) ; detergents . Archer- Daniel -Midland various chemicals; phenols, oils, tars; suspended solids. Newport (Tenneco) ; various chemicals; phenols, oils, tars, suspended solids. Armstrong Cork; Mineral f iberboard; suspended solids (clay) . Coin-o-Matic (Warrington) ; detergents . A & B Cleaners; detergents. Navy Point Laundry; deter- gents . U.S.N.A.S. Pensacola; air- craft maintenance; oil, solvents, grease. St. Regis Paper Co.; folded food cartons; wood fibers, suspended solids. Escambia River Escambia River Storm sewer to Escambia Bay Bayou Chico Bayou Chico Bayou Chico Unknown 0.004 0.175 Unknown 1.400 Ditch to Bayou Grande 0.006 Ditch to Bayou Grande 0.004 Storm sewer to Bayou 0.005 Grande Pensacola Bay Unknown Eleven Mile Creek to 30. Perdido Bay Untreated Is KpMo KpC Unknown SiCFtCEL SiCFtCEL Lcp Lb. /day 5,500 7/ I 1 1 2,500 1,500 I 5 10 Li Unknown 32,000 Unknown Unknown Unknown SiCFtCEL 10 59 653 59 76 10,000 32,300 190,000 — Source: Florida State Board of Health and pertinent County health departments. 2/ — See figs. 2-24 for locations of sources of pollution. 3/ — Asterisk (*) indicates capacity; no asterisk indicates average daily discharge. 4/ — In the key to symbols below, capital letters stand for major types of treatment; lower case letters show methods of treatment; sequence of letters indicates sequence of operations in the treatment processes. EA Extended aeration package plant that has units for aeration, settling, aerobic digestion, chlorination, and sludge holding. ;e , diffused activated slud air aeration Settling tanks plain, hopper bottom or intermittently cleaning Chlorination with contact tank by hypochlorite Filters high capacity sand trickling (no further details) -Population equivalent = lb. /day B.O.D. x 1/0.17. — Million liters per day = m.g.d. x 3.79, -'kg./ day = lb. /day x 0.454 H Sludge storage tanks ( not second stage digestion units) I Sewage application to land s subsurface application K Chemical Treatment f flocculation p pH adjustment L Lagoons c oxidation lagoons or ponds p lagoon for settling Miscellaneous working with Florida Depart- ment of Air and Water Pollution Control oil separtion Screens intermediate screens (1/8 to 1/2-inch openings) 115 I — 1 CLASS II- CLEAN 1 ' WATERS Figure 45. — The distribution of Class II waters- suitable for shellfish harvesting. -those of Florida's Gulf coast pelicans have thinned less as a result of metabolic effects of DDT than the shells of Atlantic coast pelicans, yet nearly all of the Gulf coast eggshells are thinner than pre- 1947 shells, especially those from Pinellas County (Blus, 1970). A PCB has been detected in the biota, water, and sediment of Escambia Bay (Duke, Lowe, and Wilson, 1970), and there is reason to believe that such compounds are wide- spread in the marine environment (Risebrough, 1969). Thus, the estuarine-dependent life of Florida's Gulf coast estuaries suffers damages from the ubiquitous pollutants being found ev- erywhere, and concerned people here as else- where are looking for the means to prevent disastrous results to fish, wildlife and perhaps ultimately man himself. DREDGING Recent legislation has established the means to abolish indiscriminate dredging and filling in Florida. The voters approved a constitutional amendment in November 1970 that prohibits the sale of submerged land except when clearly in the public interest. Earlier in 1970 the legis- lature authorized the Trustees of the Internal Improvement Fund (the Cabinet) to buy back submerged land (Section 253.02, 1970 Supple- ment to the 1969 Fla. Statutes) , and it prohibited the practice of issuing "after-the-fact" dredge and fill permits (Section 253.124, 1970 Supple- ment to the 1969 Fla. Statutes) . In 1969, 14 aquatic preserves in west coast estuaries were established within which various activities in- cluding dredging and filling are controlled (Flor- ida Inter-Agency Advisory Committee on Sub- merged Land Management, 1968) . The Randell Act of 1967 requires that a biological survey be made in connection with application for dredging (Ch. 67-393, Fla. Statutes) and The Bulkhead Act of 1957 provides for the setting of bulkhead lines (the future shore line) by counties and cities (Ch. 57-362, Fla. Statutes). Recent Federal actions parallel those of the State. In July 1970 a Federal Court of Appeals upheld the right of the Corps of Engineers to deny a dredge-fill permit on the grounds that the work was not in the general public interest (Zabel-Russell case, Boca Ciega Bay). The de- nial was based on damages to fish and wildlife resources. The court's action was consistent with provisions of the Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-190), which requires Federal agencies to consider environmental matters in the administration of public laws, and the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1958 (P.L. 85- 624), which requires consideration of fish and wildlife in the issuance of Federal permits loi construction in navigable waters. Under its ori- ginal authorization to issue permits, the Corps of Engineers was required to consider navigation only (River and Harbor Act of 1899). Zabel and Russell appealed the decision of the Federal Court of Appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in February 1971 declined to review the case, thereby confirming by its silence the con- stitutionality of the denial. We have mapped filled areas by comparing modern charts and photographs with charts made before dredging was done, and we have planimetered the area of land made by filling (Figs. 2-24, Table 9) . The U.S. Coast and Geo- detic Survey provided charts published from 1883 to 1930, and the National Archives sent us photocopies of the earliest charts, dated 1858- 1888. The Corps of Engineers has designed 42 navi- gation channels along the west coast of Florida over the years, most of which are short access channels from the Gulf to coastal communities; nearly all have been completed (Table 10). 116 Table 9. --Filled and drained areas, Florida west coast, 1967- Filled areas Drained Study area Emergent Housing, tidal spoil Causeways industry marsh banks and other Acres- Acres- Acres - Acres- Florida Bay 41 565 480 267 Lake Ingraham. . . . Whitewater Bay... Cape Sable to Lostmans River.. Lostmans River to Mormon Key Mormon Key to Caxambas Pass... 12 309 651 Caxambas Pass to Gordon River.... 411 2,350 1,589 Doctors Pass to Estero Pass 5 30 750 555 Caloosaha tehee River 32 65 745 -' '634 Pine Island Sound 120 117 120 -1,248 Charlotte Harbor. 50 118 530 6,950 Lemon Bay 32 10 329 318 Sarasota Bay System 160 85 868 1,732 Tampa Bay 75 760 2,280 3,780 Hillsborough Bay. 95 40 2,517 1,442 Old Tampa Bay 660 1,040 3,302 Boca Ciega Bay... 77 2,997 1,058 St. Joseph Sound. 96 213 1,280 465 Baileys Bluff to Saddle Key 53 10 1,248 2,304 Saddle Key to S. Mangrove Pt.. 181 456 Waccasassa Bay... Suwannee Sound... 21 Suwannee Sound to Deadman Bay Deadman Bay 28 Deadman Bay to St. Marks River. Apalachee Bay.... St. George Sound. 75 128 Apalachicola Bay. St. Joseph Bay... 16 171 St. Andrew Sound. East Bay (St. Andrew).... St. Andrew Bay... 53 85 West Bay North Bay Choctawha tehee Bay 128 Santa Rosa Sound. 85 East Bay (Pensacola) 192 Escambia Bay 2 Pensacola Bay.... 43 53 139 195 Perdido Bay 60 16 Total 1,135 3,977 18,409 26,676 — Sources: filled areas — comparison of navigation charts of the late 1800's with current navigation charts and topographic maps; drained tidal raarsh--mosquito control authorities of pertinent Counties . 2/ — Hectares = acres x 0.4047. 3/ — Does not include 52 acres of mosquito control impoundment adjoining the Caloosahatchee River. 4/ — Does not include 1,824 acres of mosquito control impoundments on Sanibel and Pine Islands. Much has been published on dredges (Herbich and Snider, 1969) and dredging (University of Maryland, Natural Resources Institute, 1970), but little on the effects of dredging in the estu- aries under consideration (Woodburn, 1965). Only Boca Ciega Bay has been studied. There, the benthic oozes that have collected in the canals of finger-fills support few macro-invertebrates (Taylor and Saloman, 1968; Sykes and Hall, 1970) , man-made fills cover large areas that were originally vegetated shallows (Hutton et al., 1956; Sykes, 1967), and sea walls have replaced mangroves that formerly provided cover among their prop roots and food in the form of organic detritus (Odum, 1970). SUMMARY 1. The Gulf States Marine Fisheries Com- mission initiated a cooperative inventory of estuaries of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in 1965. This paper constitutes the Area Description phase of the Florida inventory. Similar studies were done simultaneously in Alabama, Louisi- ana, Mississippi, and Texas. 2. The inventory combines original observa- tions with a review of the literature on dimen- sions, vegetation, geology, stream discharge, oyster and clam beds, artificial fishing reefs, human population, economic development, pol- lution, and dredging. Much of the data is sum- marized in Table 11. 3. The length and biological diversity of Flor- ida's west coast exceed those of any other Gulf state. Its length measured from headland to headland is some 770 statute miles (1,240 km), and its climate varies from subtropical to tem- perate. 4. Four coastal types are characteristic: The first, from Florida Bay to Cape Romano, consists of mangrove swamps, tidal marshes and man- grove-covered islands interspersed with open- water estuarine areas; the second, from Cape Romano to Anclote Key, contains barrier islands with sandy beaches that separate the Gulf from a series of mangrove-fringed bays and lagoons; the third, from Anclote Key to Lighthouse Point, encompasses the gradual disappearance of man- groves and their replacement by tidal marshes, clusters of islands and oyster reefs, but few semi-enclosed bays and beaches; the fourth coastal type from Lighthouse Point westward is similar to the second type in that barrier islands with sandy beaches separate the Gulf from a series of estuaries, some large, that are fringed by tidal marshes. 5. The open water area of Florida west coast estuaries (2,081,525 acres = 842,393 ha) is 117 Table 10. --Navigation channels designed bv the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, west coast of Florida 19681/ Name and location I rngth Controlling depth Stage of completion Intracoastal Waterway (Miami to Key West) Everglades Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Everglade) Naples (Naples to Big Marco Pass) Fort Myers Beach (San Carlos Bay to Matanzas Pass).... Okeechobee Waterway (San Carlos Bay to Indian River).. Intracoastal Waterway (Caloosa ha tehee River to Anclote River) Charlotte Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Punta Gorda) New Pass (Gulf of Mexico to Sarasota) Manatee River (Tampa Bay to Rye) Little Manatee River (Tampa Bay to Ruskin) Tampa Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Port Tampa and Tampa). Pass-A-Grille Pass (Gulf of Mexico to Boca Ciega Bay). St. Petersburg Harbor (Tampa Bay to St. Petersburg)... Johns Pass (Gulf of Mexico to Boca Ciega Bay) Clearwater Pass (Gulf of Mexico to Clearwater Harbor). Ozona Channel (Intracoastal Waterway to Ozona) Anclote River (Gulf of Mexico to Tarpon Springs) Pithlachascotee River (Gulf of Mexico to Port Richey) . Hudson River (Gulf of Mexico to Hudson) Homosassa River (Gulf of Mexico to mouth of river).... Crystal River (Gulf of Mexico to Crystal River) Withlacoochee River (Gulf of Mexico to Croom) Florida Power Corp. Channel (Gulf of Mexico to FPC Power Plant, near Crystal River) Cross Florida Barge Canal (Gulf of Mexico to St. Johns River) Cedar Keys Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Cedar Key) Suwannee River (Suwannee Sound to Ellaville) Horseshoe Cove (Gulf of Mexico to Horseshoe Beach).... Steinhatchee River (Gulf of Mexico to Steinhatchee) . . , Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (Apalachee Bay to Mexican Border) St. Marks River (Apalachee Bay to St. Marks).. Panacea Harbor (Apalachee Bay to Panacea) Carrabelle Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Carrabelle) Apalachicola Bay (Gulf of Mexico to Apalachicola) Port St. Joe (Gulf of Mexico to Port St. Joe) Panama City Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Panama City)..., Grand Lagoon at Panama City (St. Andrew Bay to Grand Lagoon) Choctawhatchee River (Mouth to Newton, Alabama) LaGrange Bayou (Choctawhatchee Bay to Freeport) East Pass Channel (Gulf of Mexico to Choctawhatchee Bay) Blackwater River (East Bay to Milton) Escambia & Conecuh River (Escambia Bay to Andalusia, Alabama ) Pensacola Harbor (Gulf of Mexico to Pensacola) , 2/ Miles- Feet!' 158.0 7.0 Partly completed- 9.2 8.0 Planning stages 14.2 10.0 Completed 2.1 12.0 Completed 154.6 8.0 Completed 160.0 5/ 4 -° -32.0 99% Completed 29.5 Completed 4.0 hi 8 -° ^ 7.0 Completed 23.8 90% Completed 5.4 7/ 6 -° - 29.0 Completed 67.0 Completed 2.9 8/ 8 "° - 17.0 Completedq , Completed— 6.6 2.2 8.0 Completed 3.0 8.2 Completed 1.3 6.0 Completed 8.5 9.0 Completed 3.2 6.0 Proposed 3.3 6.0 Proposed 0.8 5.0 Completed 9.0 w\'\ Completed 89.1 88% Completed 10.0 15.0 Completed 107.0 12.0 24%. Completed Completed—' 11.0 11/°:° 139.0 Unknown 1.8 6.0 Completed 4.8 6.0 Unknown 379.0 !2/ii.o 14/ Completed — 12.7 11.5 Completed 3.7 8.0 Completed 8.7 7.0 Completed 13.0 15/ 7 ' 5 TZ/28-0 ±^32.0 Completed 15.4 Completed 4.4 Completed 2.1 8.0 Planning Stages 146.0 2.0 Completed 6.1 10.0 Completed 1.8 9.2 JL7/ Completed — 12.0 9.0 t Completed 142.9 —'32.0 19/ Completed^— 13.7 Completed 1/ 3/ Sources: U. S. Army, Corp of Engineers (1966; 1968a, b). Kilometers = statute miles x 1.61. Meters = feet x 0.305. Miami to Cross Bank completed; Cross Bank to Key West unimproved. - Except 9 ft. from Boca Grande to Punta Gorda. - Except 2 ft. from Rocky Bluff to Rye. - Except 28 ft. in Port Tampa Channel, 23 ft. in Garrison Channel (just north of Seddon Island), and 9 ft. in Hillsborough River. 8/ - Except 12 ft. in Bayboro Harbor and 14.5 ft. east of the Point Pinellas lighted beacon. 118 Table 10. -- (Continued) 9/ — Except for the 24-ft. channel from Tampa Bay to Bayboro Harbor, which is considered inactive. i£/« 11/ Except 2 ft. in river upstream from power plant at Inglis. Except for removal of rock from Middle Ground Channel. 12/ — Except for 6 ft. through Derrick Island Gap in Suwannee Sound, and 4 ft. from Branford to Ellaville. 13/ — Except 3 ft. from St. Marks to Carrabelle, 9.2 ft. from Apalachicola Bay to St. Andrew Sound, 8.0 ft. in Gulf County Canal, and 8.4 ft. from St. Andrew Bay to Choctawhatchee Bay. 14/ — Florida portion completed except for 35 mi. of the part from St. Marks River to Carrabelle, and deepening to 12 ft. and widening the Gulf County Canal. — Main channel. — Between jetties; 10 ft. in Watson Bayou near Millville. 17/ — Except jetties, unconstructed. 18 /, At mouth of Escambia River and upstream for 7 mi. 19/ — Conecuh River portion recommended for abandonment. 20/ — Except 9 ft. in Bayou Chico. Table 11. --Summary of data on estuarine study areas, Florida west coast Characteristic of estuarine study area Total 1/ 2/ Surface area (open water), MHW- , acres- ... 2,081,525 3/ Volume, MHW, acre-feet-' 17,134,603 Vegetation: Submerged, acres 520,431 Emergent--tidal marshes, acres 528,528 Emergent- -mangroves , acres 393,160 Area of estuarine study areas including tidal marshes and mangrove swamps, acres.. 3,003,213 4/ Stream discharges, c.f.s.— 70,251 Clam beds, acres — Oyster beds (live), acres 13,844 Closed to shellfishing, acres 170,698 Population: Coastal counties (1960) 2,448,210 Coastal counties (1970) 3,320,226 Cities and towns on estuaries (1960) 910,015 Commercial fishery development (1967; Number of firms 343 Employees at peak of season 3,549 Man years 3,114 Value of landings (ex-vessel value). $23,117,317 Value of processed products $53,924,900 Filled areas, acres 23,521 Drained areas, acres 26,676 — MHW = mean high water. 2/ — Hectares = acres x 0.4047. 3/ — Cubic meters = acre-feet x 1,233. 4/ — Total average annual discharge of all streams. Liters per second = c.f.s. x 28.3. — 10,823 lb. (4,909 kg.) of hard clam meats ( Mercenaria campechiensis ) worth $6,247 were landed in Sarasota County in 1969 and 635,684 lb. (288,340 kg.) of sunray venus clam meats ( Macrocallista nimbosa ) from St. Josephs Bay worth $64,522 were landed in Gulf County in 1969. Exact location and size of beds are unknown. slightly greater than the area of America's larg- est estuary, Chesapeake Bay (2,071,680 acres = 838,409 ha). 6. The area of submerged vegetation (520,431 acres = 210,618 ha) is about one-quarter of the open-water surface area. 7. If the total area of estuaries (3,003,312 acres = 1,315,400 ha) is considered to be the area of open water plus the area of mangrove swamps and tidal marshes, roughly one-half of the area is unvegetated; the remaining half is about equally divided among mangrove swamps, tidal marshes, and submerged vegetation. 8. Geologically, Florida's Gulf coast estuaries are drowned river valleys except Florida Bay, which is a drowned lacustrine plain. Sea level rose 10 ft (3 m) over the past 4,000 years, an average rise of 5 inches (13 cm) per 100 years. 9. Stream discharge in north Florida is much greater than that in central and south Florida. The Apalachicola, Suwannee, Choctawhatchee and Escambia Rivers discharge nearly 70 per- cent of the total west coast runoff; the Apalachi- cola River alone accounts for about 35 percent of total stream discharge. 10. Minimum water temperature varies from 56.0°F (13.3°C) at Key West to 39.9°F (4.4°C) at Pensacola, according to records of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Maximum water temperatures are about the same at all stations, approximately 91.9°F (33.3°C). 11. Salinities range from to 36% ( (the ap- proximate salinity of Gulf of Mexico surface water) except in northern Florida Bay and Ten Thousand Islands, where hypersalinity is com- mon. In some locations between Anclote Keys and Cedar Keys, offshore springs depress salin- ity. 12. Oyster production is foremost in Apala- chicola Bay where 83 percent of natural public beds are located. The area of live oyster beds 119 10 100 HUMAN POPULATION (THOUSANDS) 1000 Figure 46. — The relations between the human population in communities bordering estuaries and the filled area, the number of pollution sources, and the area closed to shellfishing in the eight segments of coast in Figures 41-43. Trend lines were computed by the method of least squares. Two segments were omitted from calculation of the trend line of filled areas because they differed widely from the other six. One appears in parentheses; the other fell slightly below the base line, so is not shown. that are producing commercially on Florida's west coast is about 13,844 acres (5,603 ha) ; 170,698 acres (69,081 ha) are closed to shell- fishing by public health authorities. 13. Human population increased from 614,616 persons in 1930 to 3,320,226 persons in 1970 in counties of Florida's Gulf coast. Dade County (1,267,792 persons in 1970) is included because it borders Florida Bay. 14. The principal industries of Florida's west coast in decreasing order of their economic value appear to be manufacturing, tourism, construc- tion, sport fishing, agriculture, phosphate mining and commercial fishing. The port of Tampa ranked seventh in the United States in 1968 based on tonnage handled, 27,436,709 short tons (24,890,164 metric tons). 15. About 43 percent of the area of Florida's 120 west coast estuaries is adversely affected by pol- lution, omitting the area of Florida Bay because it lies mainly within Everglades National Park. Over one-half of the 402 point sources of pollu- tion are located in Sarasota and Tampa Bays. The eleven estuarine areas most affected by pol- lution are the Caloosahatchee River, Sarasota Bay system, Hillsborough Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Boca Ciega Bay, Fenholloway River, St. Joseph Bay, St. Andrew Bay, Escambia Bay, Pensacola Bay, and Perdido Bay. 16. The area of filled land in estuaries of Flor- ida's west coast is 23,521 acres (9,519 ha). Drainage of tidal marshes for mosquito control involves 26,676 acres (10,796 ha). 17. As might be expected a direct relation ex- ists between the human population in communi- ties bordering estuaries and areas closed to shell- fishing, number of sources of pollution, and areas of filled land (Fig. 46) . The obvious implication is that the trends will continue unabated unless controls are initiated. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge especially the help received from the following individuals: Ernest A. Anthony of this Laboratory's staff has assisted selflessly and consistently in every possible way; Philip A. Butler and Nelson R. Cooley for salinity and other unpublished data on the Pensacola Bay area; William B. Robertson, Jr., for his unpub- lished map of coastal vegetation in Everglades National Park; John H. Davis, Jr., for counsel on mangroves and marshes; Olga Lakela for as- sistance with the nomenclature of marsh vege- tation ; Robert E. Gilmore for unpublished eco- logical data on Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge; William K. Whitfield, Jr., and Joseph Martina, Jr., for information on oyster leases and the location of oyster beds in Apalachicola Bay; James H. Hartwell, Aaron L. Higer, and Milton C. Kolipinski for aerial photographs of Florida Bay and vicinity; James E. Santarone, Vernon Keys, H. L. Fincher, Harold Leadbetter, Frank L. Cross, Jr., and Roy L. Parham for data on pollution; and to W. Scott Davis, J. Alan Huff, and Jeffrey B. Miller, work-study students at the University of South Florida, for making sev- eral illustrations in this publication. 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