cn.io: cd-h Bibliography on The Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra Section 4 57 La- 71 Lu 89 Ac-"Es United States Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 306-4 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards ' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. Today, in addition to serving as the Nation's central measurement laboratory, the Bureau is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. To this end the Bureau conducts research and provides central national services in four broad program areas. These are: (1) basic measurements and standards, (2) materials measurements and standards, (3) technological measurements and standards, and (4) transfer of technology. 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Astin, Director Bibliography on The Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra Section 4 The Spectra of Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium — Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium, and Einsteinium Charlotte E. Moore Office of Standard Reference Data National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 306-4 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 306, Section 4, 55 pages (August I960) CODEN: XNBSA Issued August 196!) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 55 cents Preface The program on "Atomic Energy Levels" (AEL) initiated at this Bureau in 1946 calls for complete coverage of the Periodic Table. Three Volumes have been published as NBS Circular 467. The fourth volume deals with rare-earth spectra and is in course of preparation. The references to individual spectra have been extended from the respective dates of publication of the AEL Volumes, 1949, 1952, and 1958, in the first three corresponding Sections of this bibliography. The present and last Section contains references to the two groups of rare-earth spectra, the lanthanides and the actinides. It is arranged to correspond to AEL Volume IV, but it differs from the first three Sections in that it does not continue references from a published volume. Upon the retirement of the author, Charlotte E. Moore, who has been directing this pro- gram, the responsibility for continuing it was assigned to William C. Martin, Chief of the Spectroscopy Section of the Bureau, assisted by Lucy Hagan. He is in charge of the preparation of AEL Volume IV. Publication is being delayed because many of the spectra to be included are still under active investigation. David R. Lide, Jr., Chief Office of Standard Reference Data. hi Abstract There is a steady demand for information on rare-earth spectra. In an attempt to satisfy this need the present bibliography has been prepared. It comprises Section 4, concludes this publication, and completes the coverage of the Periodic Table. The references listed have been selected on a general basis as those needed for the preparation of Volume 4 of "Atomic Energy Levels." Since rare-earth structure is revealed in the neighboring spectra, 57 La and 89 Ac, the references for these elements are repeated in the present Section, which contains the two groups of elements: 67 La to 71 Lu and 89 Ac to "Es A selected list of general literature references is also included. Nearly all of the quoted references have been checked from the original papers. Key words: Analyses of rare-earth spectra; atomic spectra, La through Lu, Ac through Es; references to atomic spectra; rare-earth spectra; spectra, atomic: elements, spectra of rare-earths. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-62107 IV Index to Spectra Element z Spectrum Page Element z Spectrum Page General References 1 Gadolinium 64 Gdi Gdii 17 18 Lanthanum 57 La i 3 Gdm 18 La II 3 Gdiv 19 La in 3 Terbium 65 Tbi 19 Cerium 58 Cei 4 Tb II 20 Ceil 4 Tb iv 20 Praseodymium 59 Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium 60 61 62 63 Pri 6 Pr II 7 Pr III 7 Pr IV 8 Pr v 9 Ndi 9 Ndn 10 Ndm 11 Ndiv 11 Pm I 11 Pm II 12 Pm iv 12 Smi 13 Sm II 14 Sm III 14 Sm iv 14 Eui 15 Eu II 16 Eu in 16 Eu iv 17 Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 66 67 68 69 70 71 Dyi Dyii Dy IV 20 21 22 Hoi Hon Ho in Ho iv 22 22 23 23 En Er ii Er in Er iv 23 25 25 26 Tmi Tmn Tm in Tm iv 26 28 28 28 Ybi Ybii Ybm Ybiv 29 30 31 31 Lu i Lu ii Lu in 31 32 33 Index to Spectra — Continued Element z Spectrum Page Element z Spectrum Page Actinium 89 Ac I 33 Plutonium 94 Pui 41 Ac ii 33 Pun 43 Ac in 33 Pu iv 44 Ac iv 33 Americium 95 Am i 44 Thorium 90 Thi 34 Am ii 45 Thu 35 Am in 45 Thin 36 Am iv 46 Thiv 37 Curium 96 Cm i 46 Protactinium 91 Pa i 37 Cm ii 46 Pail 37 Cm iv 47 Pa in 37 Berkelium 97 Bki 47 Uranium 92 Ui Un 38 39 Bkn 47 Uiv 41 Californium 98 Cf I 47 U vi 41 Cf iv 47 Neptunium 93 Npi 41 Einsteinium 99 Esi Esii 48 48 VI Bibliography on The Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra Charlotte E. Moore The present bibliography concludes the series of which three Sections have been published; Section 1 in September 1968, Section 2 in February 1969, and Section 3 in May 1969. Each of these three Sections covers the same elements as are contained in the respective three Volumes of "Atomic Energy Levels" [l]: 1 Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 1 H through 23 V 24 Cr through 41 Nb 42 Mo through " La 72 Hf through 89 Ac The earlier references to the spectra of these elements are contained in "Atomic Energy Levels," and the various Sections of this publica- tion provide references on individual spectra from the respective dates of publication of the three Volumes to the present. The fourth Volume of the Atomic Energy Levels Series will contain the rare-earth elements, and thus complete the coverage of the Periodic Table. Many of the very complex spectra to be included are still under active investigation. Pending further progress toward the preparation of this Volume, the present bibliography has been prepared with the hope that it will satisfy to some extent the continuing demand for informa- tion on rare-earth spectra. As in the preceding Sections the content of the individual papers is briefly described by key letters or words. The letters have the following meanings: Classified lines Energy level diagram Grotrian diagram Ionization potential Isotope shift Terms (and/or energy levels) Wavelength Zeeman effect Forbidden transitions Hyperfine structure Figures in brackets indicate the literature references on page VIII. CL ED GD IP IS T WL ZE [ ] hfs If the paper is an Abstract or a Letter to the Editor, the respective letters "A" and "L" are entered in parentheses before the date of the reference. The author has published partial reference lists for rare-earth spectra, most of which are embodied in the present Section [2, 3, 4]. The list of references has been greatly extended, but is selective. In general, an effort has been made to include all references to date that are needed to compile tables of atomic energy levels, classified lines and Zeeman data for rare-earth spectra [5]. The selection is essentially similar to that of the former Sections, but differs in that it is not a continuation from those included in a Volume of "Atomic Energy Levels" already published. A number of criteria contribute to the inter- pretation of these complex spectra. In preparing the bibliography the writer has attempted to recognize the importance of references to theoret- ical papers and to work on hyperfine structure, isotope shift and other related subjects. Here the listing is not complete, but it is hoped that enough is given to serve as a guide to further references in the various fields. Many rare-earth spectra are being observed in crystals and solutions, as absorption or fluo- rescence spectra. A number of lists of energy levels derived from these spectra have been published for individual spectra. This is a separate subject in itself, however; it is not covered in the present work, which is limited essentially to work on "the analyses of optical spectra." The characteristic that distinguishes rare-earth spectra is the presence of /-electrons in the outer structure of the atoms, namely 4/-electrons for the lanthanon group 58 Ce to 71 Lu, and 5/-electrons for the actinon group ^Th to 103 Lw. The elements preceding each of these groups, "La and 89 Ac, begin to reveal in their spectra some rare-earth characteristics, and thus provide a useful intro- duction to the study of rare-earth spectra. Con- sequently, the references to spectra of these two elements as given in Section 3 are repeated in Section 4. The references are arranged similarly to those in the earlier Sections. They are with few excep- tions, arranged in alphabetical order by author and by year for a given spectrum, starting with the earlier papers. A list of general references precedes the main Bibliography. vn Nearly all of the references quoced here have been verified by the author. Only a very few which were not available have been copied from abstracts found in the literature. The author appreciates the generosity of all who have contributed material for inclusion here. A number of colleagues have made special effort to furnish current references and reprints. W. C. Martin and his staff in the Spectroscopy Section have carefully examined the manuscript and given her the benefit of their experience with references to rare-earth spectra. This Special Publication could not have been prepared without the continuing and efficient cooperation of Elizabeth L. Tate and her compe- tent staff in the splendid Library of the National Bureau of Standards. Their help has been in- valuable. Similarly, the preparation of the press copy of the manuscript with extreme care has been carried out by Isabel D. Murray. The author is most grateful for this splendid assistance. References [1] C. E. Moore, Circ. Nat. Bur. Std. 467, Vol. I, 309 pp. (1949); Vol. II, 227 pp. (1952); Vol. Ill, 245 pp. (1958). [2] C. E. Moore, Circ. Nat. Bur. Std. 467, Vol. Ill, xxxm (1958). [3] C. E. Moore, Applied Optics 2, 665 to 674 (1963). [4] W. F. Meggers and C. E. Moore, Trans. Joint Comm. for Spectroscopy, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47, 1035 to 1041 (1957); 50, 405 to 407 (1960); 52, 583 to 584 (1962); 53, 885 to 889 (1963). [5] C. E. Moore, Reprinting of 1945 Princeton Multiplet Table, Nat Bur. Std. Tech. Note 36, PB151395, 245 pp. (1959). Washington, D.C., March 10, 1969. VIII General References L. Rolla and G. Piccardi, Phil. Mag. [7] 7, 286 to 301 (1929). Experi- mental I P First Spectra Lanthanides W. F. Meggers, Rev. Mod. Phys. lU, 96 to 103 (19U2). 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