s ' ■-/'/, - / NOAA Data Report OMPA-1 r 4TES 0* SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, NEW YORK BIGHT, 197 9 Robert G. Mann Boulder, Colorado October 198 noaa NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Office of Marine Pollution Assessment NOAA Data Report OMPA-1 *^ uu & vi SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, NEW YORK BIGHT, 197 9 Robert G. Mann Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories 15 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149 Boulder, Colorado October 198 m m* UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND Office of Marine Jt\ DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Pollution Assessment g ^U^X' Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary Richard A. Frank, Administrator R.L. Swanson, Director DISCLAIMER The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NOAA or to this publication furnished by NOAA in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. 11 CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Methods 2 Tables and Figure 5 Acknowledgements 40 References 41 n i SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, NEW YORK BIGHT, 1979 Robert G. Mann Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149 ABSTRACT. Suspended particulate matter, temperature and salinity data are presented from seven monthly sampling cruises in the New York Bight. The purpose of the sampling was to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of particulates discharged from the Hudson- Raritan estuary. The data was collected using water bottles and probes at 41 stations along six transects from mid-March through early September 1979. INTRODUCTION The Marine Geology and Geophysics Laboratory of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories has been studying the sediment dynamics of the New York Bight as part of the MESA-INSTEP Project (Marine Ecosystems Analy- sis--! nner Shelf Sediment Transport Experiment). During 1979, the inner shelf of Long Island and New Jersey was sampled using water bottles and sensors with the purpose of examining the temporal and spatial distribution of particulates discharged from the Hudson-Raritan estuary. Seven monthly cruises took place aboard the NOAA Ship KELEZ during the period from mid-March through early Sep- tember. The suspended particulate matter (SPM), temperature and salinity data from each cruise are presented in this report in Tables 4-10. The working area (Fig. 1) was divided into six transects with a total of 41 stations. Thirteen of the stations were occupied by current meter arrays deployed by the ship over the duration of the experiment. Due to weather conditions or equipment malfunctions, not all SPM stations were occupied on every cruise. Sampling took place on a 24-hour basis in order to minimize the temporal variance of the data. All operations were completed within 48 hours after commencing. METHODS The suspended particulate matter data were obtained from 10-liter Niskin top-drop bottles attached to a rosette sampler frame. The frame was lowered over the side to a known depth, usually 2 meters below the surface and 1 meter above the bottom. By electronically triggering the bottle from the surface console, a sample of water was obtained from that depth. After all samples from each station were obtained, a subsample of up to 1 liter from each bottle was filtered through preweighed 0.4 Nuclepore filters, washed with 40 ml of filtered distilled water, and the volume of the water recorded. After drying, the filters were weighed again and the concentrations of SPM recorded in milli- grams per liter (mg/1). In order to minimize the possibility of errors in the measurements, the following procedures were used. On lowering the rosette frame, it was not allowed to touch and stir the bottom. This would have resulted in a sample that was not representative of the water column at that depth. The 10-liter Niskin bottle, 1-liter subsample bottle, and all filtering apparatus were clean and free of foreign particles prior to and during sampling. The filters them- selves were protected from contaminants and the same calibrated balance was used to weigh them before and after sampling. Drying was at a uniform tempera- ture. In most samples near the bottom, the concentrations were very high and consequently less than one filtered liter of water was able to be conveniently filled. This made it necessary to normalize the concentration to one liter. The salinity and temperature measurements were made at the same time as the SPM measurements. An Interocean CSTD probe, model 513-D, was attached to the rosette frame and the rosette frame lowered at a rate of approximately 0.5 meters per second. The temperature sensor ranged from -5°C to +45°C with an accuracy of ±0.02°, while the salinity sensor ranged from to 40 °/oo and was accurate to ±0.05 °/oo. The pressure sensor recorded depths from to 300 meters with an accuracy of ±0.5 m. These range and accuracy values were obtained from the manufacturer's specifications. A continuous record of depth, temperature, salinity, percent transmission, and dissolved oxygen was recorded on magnetic tape. Included on the rosette frame was a Monitek turbidimeter, model 350/136. This made a continuous profile of the turbidity of each station on an x-y plot- ter. Calibrations were made with a known turbid solution and the accuracy of the output was ±2 percent of the full scale. These data are being analyzed and will be presented at a later date. The profiles generally showed a high turbidity or concentration of SPM near the surface and also near the bottom, presumably a nepheloid layer. Also, where the thermocline was present, the profiles often revealed a marked increase in the turbidity of that layer. This was naturally more apparent in the profiles of the summer months than those of the well -mixed water in winter. This is in accordance with the findings of Drake (1974) and Nelsen (1979) in the New York Bight apex. A series of current meters was deployed at 13 of the SPM stations. "Spar" heights denote a measurement level 3 meters below the surface. The measure- ments made by these meters are to be reported elsewhere. Table 1 gives a listing of the cruise dates during which sampling took place, the number of SPM stations occupied, and the total number of water samples taken during each cruise. On cruise 7, 13 of the SPM stations were sampled twice--before and after a major storm on September 6, 1979. The locations and depths of the SPM stations are given in Table 2, and of the current meters in Table 3. The sample depth was generally at 2 meters and from 1-5 meters above the bottom. Excellent repeatability in positioning for all cruises was obtained using Raydist positioning and LORAN-C navigation. All depths recorded at the station locations were obtained from a Ross Laboratories model 5000 fineline recorder with the output in feet. These depths were con- verted to meters to be consistent with the output from the CSTD probe. Tables 4-10 are listings of the date, local standard time of commencement of sample period, station number, sample depth, SPM concentration, temperature, and salinity for each cruise. On cruise 4 (Table 7) no temperature or salinity readings were obtained due to electronic difficulties with the CSTD sensors. Figure 1 shows the locations of the SPM transects, SPM stations, and current meter moorings. TABLES AND FIGURE Table 1. Statistics of cruises. Table 2. SPM station locations and depths. Table 3. Current meter station locations and depths. Table 4. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 1, 13-15 March 1979. Table 5. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 2, 4-5 April 1979. Table 6. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 4, 21-23 May 1979. Table 7. SPM, data, cruise 5, 10-11 June 1979. Table 8. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 6, 29-30 June 1979. Table 9. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 7, 1-2 August 1979. Table 10. SPM, temperature and salinity data, cruise 8, 5-7 September 1979 Figure 1. Locations of SPM stations and current meter moorings. , * ''"':'■:' : ^^ ' ' ^Ff\ x-' - ...•■■'. . V\) ; ■■.. . 3| ■ \ A 1 WBMBKI ( \ [ . '■ '--. ■t I j. ■ ' HE - M ) r • SPM STATIONS AND •-X CURRENT METER MOORINGS HUDSON RIVER PLUME .: EXPERIMENT 1979 20' Figure 1. Locations of SPM stations and current meter moorings 6 TABLE 1. STATISTICS OF CRUISES Cruise No. Stat ions No. Water Number Dates 13-15 of Cruise March Occupi ed Sampl es Taken 1 32 62 2 04-05 April 34 65 4 21-23 May 33 97 5 10-11 June 34 102 6 29-30 June 37 74 7 01-02 August 37 72 8 05-07 September 39* 90 *13 of the stations were occupied twice during the cruise - before and after a major storm. TABLE 2. SPM STATIONS Transect Station Latitude Longitude Depth (m) A Al 40°35.0'N 73°24.85'W 13 A2 40°34.85' 73°24.8' 16 A3 40°33.15' 73°24.7' 20 A4 40°32.6' 73°24.6' 18 A5 40°31.9' 73°24.55' 20 A6 40°30.1' 73°24.5' 23 B Bl 40°33.9' 73°40.35' 13 B2 40°33.25' 73°40.2' 14 B3 40°32.0' 73°40.0' 17 B4 40°30.2' 73°39.65' 20 B5 40°28.4 73°39.35' 22 B6 40°26.55' 73°39.0' 22 B7 40°23.6' 73°38.4' 23 B8 40°19.3' 73°37.5' 26 C CI 40°18.15' 73°57.7' 13 C2 40°18.1' 73°57.1' 17 C3 40°18.05' 73°55.9' 21 C4 40°18.0' 73°55.0' 21 C5 40°18.1' 73°52.9' 23 C6 40°18.3' 73°49.7' 31 C7 40°18.55' 73°47.4' 56 C8 40°18.65' 73°45.85' 30 C9 40°19.0 73°41.6' 24 SPM STATIONS cont'd Transect Station Latitude Longitude Depth (m) D D2 40°05.35' 74.01.0' 21 D3 40°05.4' 73°59.6' 23 D4 40°05.5' 73°57.9' 22 D5 40°05.6' 73°54.7' 23 D6 40°05.9' 73°50.5' 28 D7 40°06.0' 73°47.0' 30 E El 39°48.4' 74°04.2' 12 E2 39°48.35' 74°03.45' 13 E3 39°48.25' 74°02.15' 17 E4 39°48.0' 74°00.0' 20 E5 39°47.6' 73°56.5' 23 E6 39°47.0' 73°50.5' 27 E7 39°46.5' 73°46.0' 26 P PI 40°25.35' 73°56.4' 13 P2 40°22.7' 73°57.2' 17 P3 40°15.2' 73°58.8' 18 P4 40°10.25' 74°00.35' 19 P5 40°20.5'N 73°54.6'W 17 TABLE 3. CURRENT METER STATIONS Station Latitude Longitude Depth (m) Height from Bottom (m) N-13 40°32.0'N 73°40.0'W 16 5, Spar* N-14 40°30.05' 73°24.5* 22 5, Spar N-23 40°26.5' 73°39.0' 22 5, Spar N-31 40°18.0' 73°55.0' 18 5, Spar N-32 40°18.5' 73°47.4' 56 5, 25, Spar N-33 40°19.3' 73°37.5' 23 5, Spar N-41 40°05.5' 73°58.0 I 20 5, Spar N-42 40°06.0' 73°47.0' 28 5, Spar N-51 39°48.0' 74°00.0' 20 5, Spar N-52 39°46.5' 73°46.0' 25 5, Spar N-04 40°35.0' 73°25.5' 12 1 N-03 40°34.0' 73°40.3' 11 1 N-30 40°18.1' 73°57.7' 12 1 N-40 40°05.35' 74°01.0' 18 1 *See text for definition of "spar" height. 10 TABLE 4. SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 1, 13-15 MARCH 1979 DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (rag/T) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (O/oo) 3/13/79 2054 El 2 3.36 2.40 31.47 El 9 3.34 2.92 31.65 3/14/79 0640 E3 2 1.87 2.76 31.83 E3 15 6.36 2.78 32.28 0712 E4 2 1.15 2.88 31.87 E4 20 2.71 3.08 32.80 0832 E5 2 1.44 2.91 31.98 E5 22 2.78 3.29 33.14 0902 E6 2 0.90 3.30 31.76 E6 26 1.38 3.93 33.33 0950 E7 2 0.83 3.55 31.85 E7 24 2.08 3.80 33.23 1216 D2 2 2.54 2.59 32.77 D2 17 4.32 2.49 33.10 1258 D3 2 1.18 2.57 32.78 D3 20 2.46 2.74 33.10 1328 D4 2 1.42 2.61 32.60 D4 20 3.80 2.81 33.12 1423 D5 2 1.56 2.90 31.33 D5 22 1.54 3.54 33.41 1500 D6 2 1.48 3.12 31.32 D6 27 0.86 3.54 33.36 11 SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 1, 13-15 MARCH 1979 (cont'd) DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (mg/1) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (O/oo) 3/14/79 1533 D7 2 1.52 3.21 31.40 D7 29 0.98 3.66 33.36 1701 P4 2 1.84 2.68 32.73 P4 17 6.84 -- — 1750 P3 2 1.89 2.56 32.51 P3 15 4.34 2.73 33.09 1848 P2 2 3.70 3.12 26.46 P2 16 6.80 3.24 33.30 1926 PI 13 8.40 2.50 32.85 3/15/79 0857 C2 2 4.40 2.43 32.68 C2 15 7.91 2.75 33.12 0920 C3 2 1.24 2.52 31.11 C3 20 3.00 2.94 33.39 0940 C4 2 1.89 2.58 32.56 C4 18 4.09 2.87 33.18 1032 C5 2 1.50 2.76 31.43 C5 22 1.22 3.71 33.38 1120 C6 2 1.34 3.25 31.35 C6 30 1.42 4.00 33.41 1139 C7 2 1.14 3.42 31.40 C7 55 0.94 4.63 33.29 12 SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 1, 13-15 MARCH 1979 (cont'd) DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (mg/1) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (o/oo) 3/15/79 1211 C8 2 1.08 3.42 31.98 C8 29 0.58 4.37 33.35 1305 C9 2 0.94 3.05 31.78 C9 23 0.70 4.36 33.46 1330 B8 2 4.38 3.03 32.10 B8 21 0.98 3.96 33.21 1432 B7 2 1.86 — — B7 21 5.36 3.56 33.24 1457 B6 2 1.68 — — B6 19 13.72 — -- 1539 B5 2 4.06 — — B5 20 4.52 ~ — 1603 B4 2 2.68 — -- B4 18 3.90 — — 1626 B3 2 2.70 — — B3 16 3.28 — -- 1640 B2 2 3.22 — — B2 13 3.62 — — 1655 Bl 12 4.80 _ — mm _ 13 TABLE 5. SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 2, 4-5 APRIL 1979 DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (mg/1) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (o/oo) 4/04/79 1410 A2 14 8.38 5.35 31.75 A2 15 8.54 5.36 31.74 1438 A3 17 3.04 5.74 31.79 1500 A4 2 2.88 5.29 31.57 1530 A5 2 2.48 5.08 31.61 A5 17 4.08 5.06 31.61 1555 A6 2 2.67 4.77 31.86 A6 22 3.07 4.78 31.89 1716 B2 2 7.50 5.72 31.29 B2 14 11.03 5.71 31.30 1759 B3 2 4.36 5.44 31.22 B3 14 5.10 5.44 31.22 1838 B4 2 1.74 5.10 31.28 B4 18 2.10 5.05 31.34 1917 B5 2 2.20 4.81 31.44 B5 20 1.37 4.48 31.81 1950 B6 2 1.33 4.56 31.79 B6 21 1.87 4.26 32.05 2056 B7 2 1.73 4.42 32.15 B7 22 6.97 4.42 32.15 2210 B8 2 3.37 3.97 32.30 B8 22 3.53 3.98 32.30 14 SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 2, 4-5 APRIL 1979 (cont'd) DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (mg/i) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (o/oo) 4/05/79 0201 E3 2 1.90 5.79 27.04 E3 16 3.80 5.20 31.57 0235 E4 2 2.23 5.08 31.82 E4 18 2.80 5.09 31.86 0311 E5 2 1.97 5.02 31.93 E5 20 2.18 5.01 31.94 0355 E6 2 0.80 5.22 32.08 E6 23 3.40 3.81 32.51 0428 E7 2 0.52 5.26 31.99 E7 22 1.44 3.72 32.79 0717 D2 2 4.20 5.64 27.55 D2 20 2.00 5.03 31.47 0742 D3 2 2.13 5.46 29.17 D3 19 2.40 5.01 31.57 0802 D4 2 0.40 5.06 31.46 D4 18 2.17 5.02 31.64 0827 D5 2 0.23 5.04 31.50 D5 19 1.50 4.98 31.59 0857 D6 2 0.97 5.00 31.66 D6 24 1.77 4.51 32.14 0932 D7 2 0.58 4.95 31.97 D7 26 4.37 4.18 32.74 15 SPM, TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA, CRUISE 2, 4-5 APRIL 1979 (cont'd) DATE TIME (EST) STATION DEPTH (m) CONCENTRATION (mg/1) TEMP. (°C) SALINITY (