o( l9tJ) Centurp American Jfififfieriesi A Commemorative Edition in Celebration of the International Year of the Ocean, 1998 Consisting cf Selected Plates from The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States George Brown Goode U. S. Commission offish and Fisheries 1887 Penrisvlvan ^6i^,jS^.^ii^. w s^^ ^W' ^pr**ns^ '*'-535S^ ■^^.■-ro^ U.S. Department of Commerce William M. Daley Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D. James Baker Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere National Marine Fisheries Service RoUand A. Schmitten Assistant Administrator for Fisheries WWW*^ #■ qjj^ NSOV^BJ^^^^P^^ \' ^~M-f- ||tsitor|> ant jHetfjotig of I9tt) Centurj) American Jfis^erieg A Commemorative Edition in Celebration of the International Year of the Ocean, 1998 Consisting of Selected Plates from The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States by George Brown Goode U.S. Commission offish and Fisheries 1887 Anneka W. Bane, Editor jforetoorb ^[£ t is with great pleasure that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ll (NOAA) presents this commemorative volume of selected historic illustrations of r^Jf America's early fisheries. These reproduced plates are from a rare publication, The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, published one hundred years ago by the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.* The Commission was formed in 1871 as the first federal agency concerned with natural resource conservation. It was the predecessor of today's National Marine Fisheries Service, charged with stewardship of America's living marine resources. The first Commissioner of Fisheries was Spencer F Baird, who was also Assistant Secretary of the venerable Smithsonian Institution. At the time, Dr. Baird's assistant was Dr. George Brown Goode, who himself later became Commissioner of Fisheries and then, in 1887 when this remarkable five -volume work was published. Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian. Dr. Goode, a preeminent American ichthyologist, is well known to generations of fisheries scientists for his works, especially Oceanic Ichthyology, co-authored by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean and still con- sidered the best work on deep-sea fishes. The Smithsonian's partnership with federal fisheries management continues to this day, even housing the Fisheries Service's National Systematics Laboratory under tiie roof of the National Museum of Natural History. The laboratory and the Fisheries Service's many other facilities carry on the tradition of research on marine species of economic or ecological impor- tance begun by Baird and Goode more than a century ago. This book of selected plates is thus a fitting tribute to the "progressive conservation move- ment" era ushered in 100 years ago by Baird, Goode, and others concerned about the young nation's rapidly vanishing natural resources. The commemoration of America's fisheries legacy is especially timely — sustainabihty is one of the most important issues behind the United Na- tions declaration of 1998 as "The "Year of the Ocean." The Fisheries Service and its parent organization, NOAA, are proud to participate in this global movement of governments, busi- nesses, organizations and individuals to promote public awareness and understanding of the oceans' vital role in all our lives. Holland A. Schmitten NOAA Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Silver Spring Maryland A complete set of the original 255 plates has been arcliived as 35-mm images at the NOA^'V Central Librar)'. Interested users should contact the Librar>' at SSMC3, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. jfotetoorb 3t is with great pleasure that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) presents this commemorative volume of selected historic illustrations of America's early fisheries. These reproduced plates are from a rare publication, 77?^ Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, published one hundred years ago by the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.* The Commission was formed in 1871 as the first federal agency concerned with natural resource conservation. It was the predecessor of today's National Marine Fisheries Service, charged with stewardship of America's living marine resources. The first Commissioner of Fisheries was Spencer F. Baird, who was also Assistant Secretary of the venerable Smithsonian Institution. At the time. Dr. Baird's assistant was Dr. George Brown Goode, who himself later became Commissioner of Fisheries and then, in 1887 when this remarkable five -volume work was pubUshed, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian. Dr. Goode, a preeminent American ichthyologist, is well known to generations of fisheries scientists for his works, especially Oceanic Ichthyology, co-authored by Dr. Tarleton H. Bean and still con- sidered the best work on deep-sea fishes. The Smithsonian's partnership with federal fisheries management continues to this day, even housing the Fisheries Service's National Systematics Laboratory under the roof of the National Museum of Natural History. The laboratory and the Fisheries Service's many other facihties carry on the tradition of research on marine species of economic or ecological impor- tance begun by Baird and Goode more than a century ago. This book of selected plates is thus a fitting tribute to the "progressive conservation move- ment" era ushered in 100 years ago by Baird, Goode, and others concerned about the young- nation's rapidly vanishing natural resources. The commemoration of America's fisheries legacy is especially timely — sustainability is one of the most important issues behind the United Na- tions declaration of 1998 as "The Year of the Ocean." The Fisheries Service and its parent organization, NOAA, are proud to participate in this global movement of governments, busi- nesses, organizations and individuals to promote public awareness and understanding of the oceans' vital role in all our lives. Rolland A. Schmitten NOAA Assistant Administrator for Fisheries Silver Spring, Maryland A complete set of the original 255 plates has been archived as 35-mm images at the NOAA Central Librar\'. Interested users should contact the Librar>' at SSMC3, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Original plates engraved by the Photo-Engraving Company of New York City. The editor has sought to preserve the original spelling, punctuation, and terminology, except where confusion might exist. In at least one case, plate 78, the species identified in the original is not correct. Mtm Cllglailb fre^l) fialibut fetjerp. Halibut schooner under jib, foresail, and double-reefed mainsail; nests of dories on deck amidsliips; rigged for fall and winter fisliing. Drawing by Capt. J. W Collins. J^eto Cnglant! fregfl !}alitlUt f iS'fjerp. Cutting bak and baiting- trawls on halibut schooner at anchor on the fishing grounds. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. M',^'^" i^etd Cnglantl fregfl Ijalillllt flg!)erp. Halibut dory and crew hauling the trawl, gaffing and clubbing the haUbut. Drawing l>y H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. Mt\B CnglantS f resit) ijaltbut liSltjerp. Dory and crew caught to leeward in a storm while hauling the trawl; trawl-buoy and hne drifted astern of the vessel for their rescue. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. ji»»«Wi^j ■V i^eto Cnglanb trcgl} !)alitjiit fisifierp. Dressing halibut uu .k^k of schooner for icing in the hold, hrom pliotograph by T.W. Smillie. ■"1*"^^ Mt\3i tn^ianh freSli) fjalitlUt ii^htVp. Hoisting halibut from hold of schooner at Gloucester, Massachusetts, from photograph by T.W. Smillie. V""^ V*— \ -^^ '"' i^etD Cnglant! Creglj t)alibut ftgfierp. Weighing and selling halibut on deck of George's Bank hand-hne cod schooner. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. Mfm CnglanD freSll) fjalitlUt fifitierp. Handling fresh halibut at Gloucester, Massachusetts.; weighing, unheading, and packing in ice for shipment by rail. Drawing by H.W. Elliott jpa^«l5i^. ■mi^' Mt'm Ciiglanti fregfi fjaiitiiit figfjerp. Packing fresh halibut at Gloucester, Massachusetts.; preparing ice with pick and grinding machine; naihng covers on the boxes; use of devil's claw. Drawing by H. W EUiott. ,^a^^^.. Et)e Panfe Ijattti-lme anti tratul cob fisffjeries!. Old-style Grand Bank cod schooner; crew at rails hand-line fishing. Drawingby H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. Jlwi^r^Pl^, K\}t Panfe fjanti-lme anti tratol cob fig!)erie0. Hand-line dory cod fishing on the Grand Bank. Drawing by II. W. Elliott and Capt. J. \A'. Collins. ££1V T ^ l^" ^l)C ll^anfe Ijantl-UnC antl tratol cob i\&\^tX\Vi. Dory and crew setting cod trawls on the Bank. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. 12 i ^ €\)t iianfeijanb-line anti tratol cob figt)eries. Newfoundland fishermen catching squid for sale as cod bait to United States vessels. Drawing by H. W Elliott and Capt. J. W Collins. Ki)t #eorge'g panfe cob tigjjeri?. Gloucester schooner at anchor on George's Bank iii winter; hand-line fishing for cod; rigged without topmasts for rough weather From painting by Paul E. Collins, Boston, Massachusetts. 4ea^.«4^tl^^k«.^^ ^■'-^'■■•y- ■' -' -/ Wi^t (ieorge'g panfe tOti Ci^ljerp. George's Bank crew hand- line fishing, gaftlng fish over the rail, cutting out tongues. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. E\)t #£Orse'S panfe cob fiSff)er|>. Dressing cod on deck of fishing schooner. Drawing by II. W Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. ^i^^Mhk^Jtm^ ^\)t #eC8rge'g paitk mh fMjerp. Discharging fare of George's Bank cod at Gloucester whart. Drawing by H. W. Elliott, 1882. i;!)e (^eorge'g Panfe cob !iS(!)erp. Splitting and washing George's Bank cod at Wonson's wharf, Gloucester, Massachusetts. Drawing by H.W Elliott, 1882. .JiW^rfi^, ihM '■< '<* Cfie mh fisljerp of ^lagfea. Natives in boats fishing with hand- hnes I artist unknown]. tE^fje gill-net cob tiStjerp. Underrunmngcodgill-netsin Ipswich Bay, Massachusetts. Drazving by Capt. J. W. Collins. fik.^ Efje in^tJOte COti tigfjerp. Block island boat and crew hand-lmni^ for cod. Drawing by H. W Elliott and Capt. J. W Collins. ^^^'^^ ■ ^ ■/-' "^ ^l)e m^tjore CO^ fiS'i)Crp. Pink stern schooner and boats hand- line fishing off Cape Ann, Massachusetts. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. <3r/'? Cf)e f)atltlOCfe figfjerp. Baiting trawls of Gloucester haddock schooner Mystic, Captain McKinnon. From photograph by T.W Simllie. ^-Aw. '^.^i'^m;^ ^\)t fjabborfe fiStjerp. Baiting trawls at night in hold of haddock schooner. Drawjng by H. W. Elliott, 1882. A V". •^ \ , fe l^f)e fjatltsOCfe fisfierp. Setting haddock trawls from schooner under sail; set at right angles to course of the vessel. Drawinghy H. W Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. ^!)C \)^kt tiSiijErp. Fishermen's dories on the rocks at Folly Cove, Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Drawing by H. W. Elliott. M'^kt,..J^ e-"" y "^C^ ■^ ^ W(^t fjafee fig!)erj>> Fishermen in dory haulmg trawi; a doglish caught. From photograph by T.W Smillie. '^ €^i)e liafeC f tgfjerp. Overhauling trawls in fish-house at Rockport, Massachusetts. Drawing by II. W. Elliott. -'€?- W tEt)e mackerel pur^e-geine fisitierp. The cabin of mackerel schooner John D. Long of Gloucester, Massachusetts. Drawing by H. W. Elliott. mt mackerel purSfe-Seme mtrp. Seme boats m winter quarters at Gloucester, Massachusetts. From photograph by TW Smillie. f^fje mackerel purge-seme f ISflCrp. Lookouts aioft on schooner on the watch for mackerel. Drawnig by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. >f^^> r¥ Ei)e mackerel purSfe-Sieine fiSiljerp. Mackerel schooner just arrived from cruise; crew dressing and salting the fish. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. ^f^t mackerel purge-geine ii^f^txy. Culling and packing mackerel at Portland, Maine. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. 33 "-<.-•■' >9 tEl)e macfeercl IjOOfe f i^lierp. Surf-fishing in boats for mackerel. Drawing by H. W Elliott and Capt. J. W Collins. ^C^^l^. X:.' . ; ^'Z N *' -"h ^ • Uv tE|)e mackerel flOOfe ftSifjerp. Gaffing mackerel over the vessel's rail. Drazving by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. ' > -' - V / '''' ','i. d)e macfeerel lioofe fi^tjerp. f);!^. ;. The old method of chopping mackerel bait. Fig. 2. The modern mackerel bait-mill. Drawings by H. W Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. 36 ^' 'N ' 'y. V \ - - ".'?''';- >/'■ S; '\. Ct)e macfeerel IjOOfe fig|)erp. Deck scene on mackerel hand-line schooner; jigging mackerel, slatting in the barrel, throwing toil-bait. Drawing by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. ]/V Collins. yff^f E\}t mackerel f)oob tistjerp. itlacberel packing on gl)ipkoarti. Fig. 1. Splitting, cleaning, and washing. Fig. 2. Pitching, salting and plowing. Drawings by H. W. Elliott and Capt. J. W. Collins. 38 ^\)t mackerel glU-net fi^tieiT- Dory fishermen picking gill- nets. From photograph by T.W Smillie. 39 , /T^ ^ i^ ^i)e gttJOrbfiSi) fiSberp. Sword fishermen in position for action. From Report U.S. Fish Commission, Part VIII, 1880 [artist unknown]. Ei}e S'fcDOrtif iS>!) f i^ljerp. Methods of swordfish capture in the Mediterranean Sea. From Report U.S. Fish Commission, Part VIII, 1880 [artist nnknozvn]. 41 ir iT •y- ^\)t menljatlCn figfierp. Menhaden steamer William Floyd cruising for fish, from sketch by Capt. B.E Conklin. tKlje menljatien (igt)erj>. Lookouts at mast-head of menhaden steamer watching for schools offish. From sketch hy J.S. Ryder. ~^;»;r^!!Ssi^f"^"^"'~™- €lje menfjaben figfjerp. Menhaden steamer baiUng in the catch. From sketch by Capt. B. E Conklin. 4^ ^I)e menfjatien f tSt)Erj>. Haul-seine fishing for menhaden at Long Island, 1790 to 1850; taking out the fish. From sketch by Capt. B.E Conklin. 46 Clje mcnfialjen flSt)erp. Menhaden carry-a\^ay sloops bailing in the catch. Frotn sketch by Capt. B.F. Conklin. tKfje menfjatJen tiStjerp. Menhaden fishermen signaUng to shore-crews the approach of a school of fish [artist unknown]. -V w^jf «x*& '"«■ ''•ir* ^ ''"^iXy "?.' 'Z^ • 5*- ''la Cfje menfjatien f igf)erj>. Crew of menhaden schooner, in old-style seine-boat, throwing the purse-seine [artist unknown]. sS^? €\)t mm\)ahm flfiljerp. Menhaden steamer discharging its catch at oil and guano factory, Tiverton, Rhode Island. From photograph by TW Smillie. Cije menfjatien fiSifjerp. Gang of Portuguese in hold of menhaden steamer filling the hoisting tubs. From photograph by T.W. Sniillie. {/'//'Ay \'\.'-y " '9K i;f)e menfjaben figfjerp. Fish pens on top floor of menhaden factory; the fish are led through a trough to the cooking tanks. From photograph by T.W Smillie. „. nn.- \ " hT/.;.'^ ?^ >^ tdSj* Efje metttiabeit flSljerp, Menhaden oil and guano factory at Miltord, Connecticut; steamers unloading fish at the wharf; incline railway to carry fish to cooking tanks on upper floor of factory; oil tanks and storage sheds in foreground; platform for drying scrap in rear of factory, connected with building by elevated railway. From a photograph [photographer unknown]. -\ ■yfi ^tje Ijcrring fis^fjcrp ants garbme inbusitrp. Fishermen mending herring gill-nets at House Island, Casco Bay, Maine. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. ^JpS« rC^,^d^B@^ -^ ,' 'i ■i ^ lljE l)errins tigtjerp anti sfartiine intiusftrp. insh fishermen of Boston picking their herring nets in Gloucester Harbor; the typical "Irish market boat." From photograph by TW. Smillie. ^ yo HHHp "^ Ebe fjerring f isiijerp anb sarbine intiusitrp. Cape Ann hemng fishermen landing their gill-nets after a night's fishing. From photograp// hy T.W Smillic. 56 w/ K\}t Smokeb tjerring fi^tjerp. Hen-ing "horse" loaded with smoked fish on sticks. From photograph by T.W. SmiUie. -<-,' V tv . /,/ lil^lji suiuiiit iijjijttj'. Wishing a herring weir at low tide near Eastport, Maine. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. V ^ijC Sartlitie f i^tjCrp. Herring boat landing hsh at a sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine. From photograph by T.W Sriiillie. jpSl^cIS^. d)E Carbine tiSlfjerp. Sardine steamer for collecting herring and towing weir boats. From photograph by TW. Smillie. v'^s^s^y^ d)C Siarbilte f isljcrp. Children at sardine cannery cutting off the heads and tails and cleaning small herring tor canning. From photograph by T.W Snnllte. w::K8E8aSSSGi mn Sartline mf^tVp. Washing, draining, and flaking hernng at sardme cannery, Eastport, Maine. From photograph by T.W Smillie. ,J^^ ra^^j,^i^ -^ ^WM^^ tKfjt fifarlime flSlj^rp. Spreading herring on flakes for drying in the sun or in an oven. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. ^1)0 Carbine fiSifjCrp. Frying room in sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine; herring frying in pans of oil. From photograpJi by T.W. Smillie. ^nW 'e. UTijC S'arbltlE CiSil^Erj>. Packing room at sardine cannery, Eastport, Maine; packing herring-sardines in tin boxes. From photograph by TW Smillie. v!l/t)0 Eitirilint tiS|}tiJ^-. liaihing room at sardine factory, Eastport, Maine; bathing vats at the left; men at right venting cans. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. 6Q ■.AHCMiwiAXfwus-tHeuMraz^ , f^jlHHK**^^ Ci)e garbine i\^\^tX^. Making sardine cans at Eastport, Maine. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. 67 Cl)e mullet figfierp. Camp of mullet fishermen, North Carolina. From a photograph [photographer unknozvn]. ,i^^^^^, -^ -^ \^ ^i)t }iafifiC Coa^t Salmon figfjerp. Salmoncanneiy at Astona, Oregon. From a photograph [photographer unknoivv] . 69 tirtjE baijale f i^fjerp. whaling vessels fitting- out at New Bedford wharves. From pJi olograph by T.W Smillie. 70 '»xn?^25t^' - -'^' ^\)t toljale ti2«!)erp. Boat fastened to whale by harpoon and hne; killing- the whale with bomb lance. FrompainUng by J.S. Ryder: 71 *J/ .h^^^cj^ if >'» ^\)t bjfjaie fiS'i)erp. Aleuts planting glass, obsidian and jade darts in a school of humpback whales at Akoon Island, Bering Sea. Drazving bylLW.FMwtt, 1883. 72 € •€i>' "id/* ii«« ^fjC ttfi)ale f igfjerp. Makah Indians whaling at entrance to Fuca Straits, Washington. Drawing by H. W. Elliott, 1883. #■ ' / .' / /-;*»* tEtt blacbfiSt) anb porpoiS^e fiSftjerj). Indian porpoise hunters of Passamaquoddy Bay, JVlassachusetts; canoe, rifle, and lance for capture of porpoise. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. .^^4^%^. ^f)e ^Pacific tOalrUS' IMjtXp. Innmts of Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, surprising and harpooning a herd of walruses. Drawing by HMEUwtt. i .\ ^. \ ... ^^GT '''>. ^;#, 1 ill .ft"; V„i «»?«. iv-A, cu;i4 Cije fur-^eal iltbUStrp Ot JllaS'ba. Ordinary attire of men on the killing ground and of women and young children in the village. Drawing by H. W. Elliott. r-i.V>i^ l^lje gea-lion l)mtt on ^rftplob Iglantig, ^lagfea. Natives capturing the sea-lion; springing the alarm. Dmwingby H. W Elliott, 1873. <%J' '^' '-.-fe's"^-^' 1 i: ^i^t turtle fiS'tierj'. Diving for loggerhead turtle, Morehead Citv', North Carolina. Drawing by H. W Elliott, 1883. x^~ ^l)e Opgter inbUSitrp. Oyster dredging steamer at work in Long Island Sound [artist unknown]. Cfie OpSter intlUgtrp. Opening or shucking oysters in Baltimore packing house. From a photograph [photographer unknovon] . ^^^^^^ J^^.^^m^ fi!^.^ itf^S^ ; .-! ~«'^^.-4^ 4 ^^ HH^feWpassi^^ ^ .»:^*r " ***S~Jlfefi iOSP'^81'^*' »;*.<'. ■*.. , .'•• **^-* * .**> ^Ije riant intlUStrp. Opening or shucking clams at Essex, Massachusetts. From photograph by T.W Smillie. 'P<^/-Jll Ct)C crab fllSljerp. Black fishermen trawling for crabs on the Virginia and North Carolina coasts. Drawing by H. W. Elliott. fi^ '/ ^Ije lobster tol)frj>. Dory fishermen hauling lobster pots off Cape Ann, Massachusetts. From photograph by T.W. Smillie. m^p .-..,/'• >y t •'^7 'ry "^ -•' •"rCs;' tEfje lobster figfjerp. Lobster Cove at Lanesville, Cape Ann, Massachusetts, showing fishermen's boat-houses and gear. Fr photograph by T.W Smillie. vm ^4^»^r«li^, t" IKt)e Jf loriba gpOltge intsUStrp. Sponge-loft at Key West, Florida. From a photograph [photographer unknown]. %r Cfje jfloriiJa sponge mHUStrp. Sorting, trimming and baling sponges at Key West, Florida [artisi unknown J. ?^