A UNITED STATES 
 DEPARTMENT Of 
 COMMERCE 
 PUBLICATION 
 
 *<«0'C 
 
 /v 
 
 NOAA Publications Announcement No. 71-3 
 
 %II<H 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
 
 ROCKVILLE, MD. 
 
 April 1971 
 
NOAA Publications Announcements include abstracts of all NOAA 
 scientific and technical publications, NOAA contractor and grantee 
 reports, outside publications, NOAA authors, translations of scientific 
 and technical publications sponsored by NOAA under the P.L. 480 
 program or otherwise and publications of interagency, intergovernmental, 
 and international organizations in which NOAA is officially represented 
 or which may originate programs in which NOAA participates. Those 
 serial data publications whose content is essentially repetitive in each 
 issue, except for the time period for which the reported data apply, will 
 be listed only once each year. 
 
 Publications are listed according to the following categories: 
 
 01 Atmospheric Science 
 
 including Aeronomy, Meteorological observation, analysis 
 and forecasting, Meteorological instruments, Physical and 
 dynamic meteorology, Air quality and pollution, Weather 
 modification, Climatology 
 
 02 Earth Sciences 
 
 including Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Photogrammetry, Car- 
 tography, Seismology. 
 
 03 Environmental Systems 
 
 including Data acquisition and communication systems, 
 Environmental satellites 
 
 04 Hydrology and Limnology 
 
 including River and flood forecasting, Precipitation, Snow, 
 Evaporation, River and lake data and studies 
 
 05 Marine Biology and Fisheries 
 
 including related aspects of food science and technology 
 
 06 Marine Geology and Geophysics 
 
 including mining and mineral technology 
 
 07 Oceanography 
 
 including Physical and Dynamic Oceanography, Air-sea 
 interaction, Coastal studies, Oceanographic instruments 
 
 08 Physics 
 
 including plasma physics, fluid mechanics and dynamics, 
 and wave propagation 
 
 09 Miscellaneous 
 
 Obtaining Copies of Publications — see inside back cover. 
 
01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 
 
 71-03-01-01 
 
 Adams, Gene W. (NOAA, Research Laboratories and Department of Astro- 
 Geophysics, University of Colorado). "Species Densities in the Lower Thermosphere 
 Compatible With the U.S. Standard Atmosphere". NOAA, Environmental Research 
 Laboratories, Space Disturbances Laboratory, Boulder, Colo. NOAA Technical 
 Report ERL 193-SDL 20 . Oct. 1970. 25 pp. #1 COM-71-50004 " #2 $0.30 
 
 02* N 2» ancl number density profiles have been constructed in the 80- 
 120 km region compatible with the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962, and the U.S. 
 Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966. Profiles have been constructed at 15, 
 30, 45, and 60*N, for winter, summer, and spring/fall. Descriptors: 1. Atmospheric 
 density; 2. Earth atmosphere; 3. Atmospheric models; 4. Atmospheric pressure; 
 5. Diffusion; 6. Mixing; 7. Nitrogen; 8. Oxygen; 9. Thermosphere. 
 
 71-03-01-02 
 
 Bonner, William; Pyke, Charles; and Hickey, Richard. "A Study of the 
 California Rainstorm of January 1969". University of California, Department of 
 Meteorology, Los Angeles, Calif. NOAA, National Environmental Satellite Center, 
 Washington, D.C. NOAA Contract E-3270(N) [NOAA Contract E-32-70(N)]. Final 
 Report. Jan. 1971. 50 pp. #1 COM- 7 1-00236 
 
 Unusually heavy rains occurred in southern California between 18 and 26 
 January 1969. This study examines the events that took place and the errors 
 in the predictions. Rainfall occurred in connection with a large-scale blocking 
 pattern in the eastern Pacific. Disturbances from middle latitudes move south 
 of the block into subtropical regions, initiating strong convection within the 
 moist tropical air. Failure to predict the onset of rain was associated with 
 errors in numerical forecasts by the NMC primitive equation model. These errors 
 probably arose from poor initial analyses which failed to identify a major 
 disturbance as it moved into the long wave trough position in the southern 
 branch of the current. Descriptors: 1. Rainfall intensity; 2. Weather fore- 
 casting; 3. Errors; 4. California; 5. Atmospheric disturbances; 6. Atmospheric 
 model 8. 
 
 71-03-01-03 
 
 Doos, B. R. "Numerical Experimentation Related to GARP". International 
 Council of Scientific Unions, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzer- 
 land. GARP Publication Series No. 6 . Sept. 1970. 68 pp. Price $4.00. WMO 
 Publications Center, Division of UNIPUB, Inc. P.O. Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
 This publication contains a survey of the work on numerical experimentation 
 related to the Global Atmospheric Research Programme, carried out by research 
 groups in various countries. Following a classification introduced by the 
 Joint Organizing Committee of GARP, the activities are grouped into the following 
 problem areas; data requirements, observation systems, four-dimensional analysis, 
 and forecasting. The international co-operation in numerical experimentation is 
 discussed, and ways suggested for achieving effective co-operation. A catalog 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 of 30 baroclinic weather prediction models, now being used or prepared by 
 research groups in 12 different countries, is presented as Appendix I. 
 Appendix II deals with a definition of statistical quantities and verification 
 areas recommended for use in comparison studies of general circulation models. 
 Descriptors: 1. Meteorological data; 2. Numerical models; 3. Numerical analysis; 
 4. Experimentation; 5. Weather forecasting; 6. Mathematical models; 7. GARP 
 (Global Atmospheric Research Programme), 
 
 71-03-01-04 UDC 551.525.34:551.558.7 
 
 Dronia, Horst. "Urban Influence on Worldwide Temperature Trends". 
 (Translation of "Der Stadteinfluss auf den weltweiten Temperaturtrend" . Institute 
 for Meteorology and Geophysics, Free University, Berlin, Meteorologische 
 Abhandlungen . 74(4), 1967, 65 pp.). Agence Tunisienne de Public -Relations, Tunis. 
 TT 71-55000 . (Sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
 U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Science Foundation, under Public 
 Law 480. 1971. 98 pp.) (Copy available at NOAA, Atmospheric Sciences Library, 
 Silver Spring, Md. Translation from copyright material. For internal use only. 
 Not for publication.) 
 
 In this investigation an attempt has been made to exclude the warming in- 
 fluence of growing cities on long-period temperature trends of large areas of 
 the world. The problem is handled in three different ways: 1. By comparison 
 between uninfluenced exposures and city locations with long period records by 
 computing the individual differences between these stations. 2. By dividing the 
 global temperature trend into two individual series comprising stations situated 
 in cities and in the open country respectively. The temperature trend of the 
 curve representing the cities is warmer to the same degree that it reflects the 
 mean effect of the growth of the cities. 3. By a computation of world-wide 
 temperature trends since 1871/80 from uninfluenced stations (and a few reduced 
 city stations) producing a temperature curve corresponding to those computed in 
 
 1. and 2. According to the above, the world temperature, after a short rise, 
 has fallen about 0.1 °C since 1871/80. Descriptors: 1. Temperature distribution; 
 
 2. Trends; 3. Urban areas; 4. Calculations; 5. Statistical analysis; 6. World- 
 wide. 
 
 71-03-01-05 
 
 Eichelberger, Arthur L. (Weather Service Forecast Office, Los Angeles, 
 Calif.). "Forecasting the Catalina Eddy". NOAA, National Weather Service, 
 Western Region, Salt Lake City, Utah. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWSTM WR 62 . 
 Feb. 1971, 15 pp. #1 C0M-71-00223 
 
 The Catalina Eddy, a small-scale vortex in the bight of southern 
 California, has long been a serious problem for the forecaster. It disrupts 
 the normal stratus pattern and can cause marked cooling in the southern California 
 coastal area. The eddy is shown to result when an eastward -moving upper trough 
 nears southern California, with strong northerly surface winds prevailing along 
 the California coast. An objective aid for predicting the eddy is presented. 
 It was found that with a surface pressure gradient of 5 to 10 millibars from 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 35N 125W to Los Angeles, positive vortlclty advectlon resulting in vorticity 
 values of seven to ten units (10~ 5 Sec' 1 ) at Los Angeles will generate the 
 eddy. Primitive equation prognostic vorticity charts are shown to be highly 
 useful in forecasting development of the Catalina Eddy. Descriptors: 
 1. Weather forecasting; 2. Atmospheric circulation: 3. Sea breezes; 4. Meteoro- 
 logical charts; 5. Atmospheric disturbances; 6. California. 
 
 71-03-01-06 
 
 Goldstein, Melvin G. "Severe Storms". New York University, School of 
 Engineering and Science, Dept. of Meteorology and Oceanography. NOAA, Environ- 
 mental Research Laboratories, National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Okla. 
 NOAA Grant E22-101 -70(G). Annual Report. Dec. 1970. 11 pp. 
 
 The role of jet streams in the development of severe storms was analyzed. 
 Local variations of flow resulting from rapid changes of geostrophic velocity along 
 the air trajectory or inertial instability can produce cold advection. The cold 
 advection occurs in regions which frequently have severe storms. An analysis 
 of the National Severe Storms Laboratory meso-network data for 1968 and 1969 was 
 performed. Although inertial instability was present in the network* local 
 deviations in wind direction and cold advection were not detected. Descriptors: 
 1. Severe storms; 2. Jet streams (meteorology); 3. Geostrophic wind; 4. Atmospheric 
 circulation; 5. Wind velocity; 6. Advection; 7. Inertial instability; 8. Meso- 
 network data. 
 
 71-03-01-07 
 
 Heck, Werner J. "Relationship of Wind Velocity and Stability to SO2 
 Concentrations at Salt Lake City, Utah". NOAA, National Weather Service, 
 Western Region, Salt Lake City, Utah. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWSTM WR 61 . 
 Jan. 1971. 21pp. #1 COM-71-00232 
 
 This report presents a study of the relationship between wind velocities 
 and SO2 concentrations during late fall and winter, and a study of a high pol- 
 lution episode for the relationship between day-to-day SO2 concentrations and 
 mixing depth. Descriptors: 1. Air pollution; 2. Industrial wastes; 3. Sulfur 
 dioxide; 4. Utah; 5. Wind velocity. 
 
 71-03-01-08 UDC 551. 465. 7:551. 511:519. 24/. 25(083. 3) (083.9) 
 
 Horner, Theodore W. (Booz-Allen Applied Research., Washington, D.C.). 
 "A Statistical Data Plan for BOMEX". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, 
 The BOMAP Office, Rockville, Md. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL B0MAP-2 . NOAA 
 Contract E-192-69(N), Task 4. Dec. 1970. 116 pp. #1 COM-71-00188 
 
 The Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (Project BOMEX) 
 was the first of a series of large-scale research projects planned by many 
 nations throughout the world under the Global Atmospheric Research Project 
 (GARP). The primary goal of the BOMEX project was to provide data for 
 studying the sea-air interaction that drives atmospheric circulation 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 circulation and global weather systems. The project was conducted from May 
 through July of 1969 and produced substantial quantities of data that were recorded 
 manually, on magnetic tapes, and on charts. The reduction of the raw data to a 
 form useful for scientific investigation and for storage in scientific archives 
 is the responsibility of the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Analysis 
 Project (BOMAP), a project established within the Research Laboratories of the 
 Environmental Science Services Administration. Descriptors: 1. Atmospheric cir- 
 culation; 2. Air-water interactions; 3. Field data; 4. Data reduction; 5. Data 
 handling; 6. Mathematical models; 7. Equations of motion; 8. Statistical analysis. 
 
 71-03-01-09 
 
 Miller, Marvin E. (NOAA Cliraatologist for Ohio, Columbus, Ohio). "A 
 Preliminary Climatology of Air Quality in Ohio". NOAA, National Weather Service, 
 Eastern Region, Garden City, N.Y. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS ER 39 . Jan. 
 1971. 12 pp. #1 COM-71-00204 
 
 The report discusses (1) established standards for ambient air in Ohio and 
 (2) observed trends in Ohio urban pollution levels for which standards have been 
 set. To date, Ohio has established air quality standards for suspended parti- 
 culates and sulphur dioxide. The data presented in this report indicate the 
 trend within most Ohio urban areas since the early 1960's has been toward lower 
 suspended particulate and dustfall loadings. Little can be said regarding the 
 trends in sulphur dioxide levels because of relatively short periods of sampling. 
 With the establishment of more ambient air quality standards, including standards 
 for the oxides of nitrogen, increased sampling in time and space of all pollu- 
 tants will follow. Such data will then provide the basis for a more comprehensive 
 report on the "Climatology of Air Quality in Ohio." Descriptors: 1. Air pollution; 
 2. Environments; 3. Planning; 4. Atmospheric contamination control. 5. Forecasting; 
 6. Climatology; 7. Ohio. 
 
 71-03-01-10 UDC 551.511.3:551.465.71 
 
 Rasmusson, Eugene M. "Mass, Momentum, and Energy Budget Equations for 
 BOMAP Computations". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, The BOMAP 
 Office, Rockville, Md. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL BOMAP- 3 . Jan. 1971. 32 pp. 
 #1 COM-71-00195 
 
 Atmospheric budget equations for mass, momentum, and energy are derived 
 for an x, y, p* coordinate system, where p* is the pressure differential relative 
 to sea level. These basic equations are then modified for use in computing the 
 budgets of mass, momentu, and energy for the atmospheric part of the BOMEX 
 volume, as related to the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment 
 (BOMEX), May- July, 1969. Descriptors: 1. Atmospheric physics; 2. Air-water 
 interactions; 3. Momentum transfer; 4. Equations of motion; 5. Earth hydrosphere; 
 6. Field data; 7. Data reduction; 8. Enthalpy. 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 71-03-01-11 
 
 Sobel, Joseph P. "Objective Mesoscale Temperature Forecasts". Weather 
 Bureau Eastern Region, Garden City, N.Y. ESSA Technical Memorandum WBTM ER 37 . 
 Sept. 1970. 27 pp. #1 COM-71-00074 
 
 Three sets of multiple regression equations were derived to forecast 
 mesoscale temperature variations in the New York City Metropolitan Area (NYCMA). 
 The first set contained only mesoscale predictors at each of six stations in the 
 NYCMA, the second contained a simulated National Meteorological Center (NMC) 
 forecast for La Guardia International Airport (LGA) as well as mesoscale pre- 
 dictors at each station, and the third contained the a priori observed tempera- 
 tures at LGA and therefore consisted of no equations for LGA. In order to 
 develop an operational set of equations, a fourth set was derived using the 
 actual NMC forecasts for LGA as possible predictors. The resulting equations 
 were able to improve upon the NMC forecast for LGA as well as produce temperature 
 forecasts for the five network stations with at least as much skill as the 
 original NMC forecast. Descriptors: 1. Temperature; 2. Atmospheric physics; 
 3. Regression analyses; 4. Weather forecasting. 
 
 71-03-01-12 UDC 551.501.81:656.7 
 
 Treussart, H. (Chairman, France); Bigler, S. G. (United States); Otani, K. 
 (Japan); Kostarev, V. V. (U.S.S.R.); and Schwarz, R. (ICAO). (Working Group 
 of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observations. "Use of Weather 
 Radar for Aviation". World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. WMO Technical 
 Note No. 110 - (WMO No. 264.TP.148 ). 1970. 72 pp. Price $3.00. WMO Publica- 
 tions Center, Division of UNIPUB, Inc., P.O. Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
 For safe operation in all phases of flight there is a need for precise 
 information on operationally significant weather. Weather radar has the 
 capability of providing such information. This Technical Note contains a 
 careful review of the requirements of aviation for weather radar, both ground- 
 based and airborne, for the identification of hazardous meteorological condi- 
 tions — thunderstorms, hail, and turbulence in particular. The performance 
 characteristics of different types of radar with respect to identification and 
 quantitative evaluation are discussed. The processing and transmission of 
 radar data and development of new techniques are also covered. Descriptors: 
 1. Aircraft; 2. Radar equipment; 3. Meteorological radar; 4. Ground-based 
 radar; 5. Radar detection; 6. Turbulence; 7. Hail; 8. Thunderstorms; 
 9. Aviation safety. 
 
 71-03-01-13 UDC 551.576.1:551. 507. 362. 2(084.1) (213)"1967" 
 
 Wallace, J. M. "Time-Longitudinal Sections of Tropical Cloudiness (December 
 1966 — November 1967". University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Atmos- 
 pheric Sciences. ESSA, National Environmental Satellite Center. ESSA Technical 
 Report NESC 56 . July 1970. 37 pp. ESSA Contract E-161-70(N). #1 COM-71-00131 
 #2 $0.50 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 Digitally processed mosaic strips of satellite photographs are presented 
 in unique arrays. Time- longitude sections, each composed of zonal strips 5 
 degrees in width and containing a season of data, are presented for the year 
 December 1966 through November 1967. Thirty-two of these sections show the 
 tropical cloud systems around the world between 20°N and 20*S. This arrange- 
 ment is convenient for the study of time variations of tropical cloud systems. 
 Cloudiness frequently is observed to persist for many days within a zonal 
 strip. Using the time-longitude sections presented, it has been possible in 
 some cases to trace, from Africa to the western Pacific, the westward movement 
 of cloud clusters identifiable throughout the period of travel. Descriptors: 
 1. Spaceborne photography; 2. Meteorological satellites; 3. Photographs; 
 4. Aerial photographs; 5. Cloud cover; 6. Clouds (meteorology); 7. Africa; 
 8. Pacific Ocean. 
 
 71-03-01-15 
 
 Ward, Neil B. "The Exploration of Certain Features of Tornado Dynamics 
 Using a Laboratory Model". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, National 
 Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Okla. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERLTM - 
 NSSL 52. Nov. 1970. 22pp. #1 COM-71-00139 *2 
 
 Three characteristic features of tornadoes are simulated in a laboratory 
 system, and the associated flow is observed and discussed. These are (1) a 
 characteristic surface pressure profile, (2) a bulging deformation on the 
 vortex core, and (3) multiple vortices in a single convergence system. Vortex 
 motion is very sensitive to the geometrical features of the larger flow in 
 which it is imbedded. Only when the diameter of the updraft column exceeds 
 the depth of the inflow layer can features (1) and (3) be produced in the 
 present model. When the updraft diameter is large compared to the depth of 
 inflow, inertial effects associated with large changes in radial momentum pro- 
 duce significant convergent forces. When the updraft diameter is small com- 
 pared to depth of inflow layer, the inflow speed is relatively small and re- 
 lated inertial effects are small. It is concluded that radial momentum flux 
 is an important factor in the production of atmospheric vortices. Descriptors: 
 1. Atmospheric models; 2. Tornadoes; 3. Euler equation of motion; 4. Turbulent 
 flow; 5. Vortices. 
 
 71-03-01-16 
 
 Wasserman, Stanley E.,and Rosenblum, Harvey. "Use of Primitive Equation 
 Model Output to Forecast Winter Precipitation in the Northeast Coastal Sections 
 of the United States". NOAA, National Weather Service, Eastern Region, Garden 
 City, N.Y. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWSTM ER 38 . Dec. 1970. 22 pp. 
 #1 COM-71-00138 
 
 The National Meteorological Center's Primitive Equation (PE) Model pre- 
 dictions of relative humidity and vertical velocity are found to be well cor- 
 related to relative frequency of observed precipitation in the Northeast 
 Coastal section of the United States. A technique is presented for using 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 these PE predictions to objectively forecast probability of precipitation in 
 each of three consecutive 12-hour periods, the first period starting 12 hours 
 after initial data time. Descriptors: 1. Numerical analysis; 2. Weather fore- 
 casting; 3. Precipitation (meteorology); 4. Winter. 
 
 71-03-01-17 UDC 551. 509. 323: 551. 524.36: 551. 509. 313. 001. 57 (781)Topeka 
 
 Webb, Morris S., Jr. (National Weather Service Office, Topeka, Kans.)l 
 "Forecasting Maximum and Minimum Surface Temperatures at Topeka, Kansas, Using 
 Guidance From the PE Numerical Prediction Model (FOUS)". NOAA, National Weather 
 Service, Central Region, Kansas City, Mo. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWSTM 
 CR 37 . Nov. 1970. 11 pp. #1 COM-71-00118 
 
 A system for predicting maximum and minimum surface temperatures is 
 described. The technique, which utilizes computerized teletype forecast data 
 (F0US-1 and FOUS-2) as input, is described step-by-step. Minimum temperatures 
 were more accurately forecast by this system than were maximum temperatures; 
 this was due to systematic errors in the FOUS data. Descriptors: 1. Topeka, Kans. 
 2. Meteorology; 3. Atmospheric physics; 4. Temperature; 5. Weather forecasting; 
 6. Numerical analysis; 7. Wind (meteorology); 8. Clouds (meteorology); 
 9. Precipitation (meteorology). 
 
 71-03-01-18 
 
 Weedfall, Robert 0. (NOAA, State Climatologist, Morgantown, W. Va.). 
 "How to Weather Your TV Weather Map". West Virginia Agriculture and Forestry , 
 3(4):4-7, Fall 1970. #1 C0M-71-00151 
 
 A popularized article describing a method for interpretating television 
 weather forecasts to make them more meaningful to the viewer. Four simple rules 
 are set forth. The article applies to the West Virginia area. Descriptors: 
 1. West Virginia; 2. Weather forecasting; 3. Television systems. 
 
 71-03-01-19 
 
 Wendell, L. L. "A Preliminary Examination of Mesoscale Wind Fields and 
 Transport Determined From a Network of Wind Towers". NOAA, Environmental Re- 
 search Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, Md. NOAA Technical 
 Memorandum ERLTM-ARL 25 . Nov. 1970. 303pp. *2 
 
 Techniques have been developed to utilize wind data from a network of 
 stations for the purpose of studying mesoscale flow patterns and transport. 
 These techniques are suitable for operational use. Technical problems of 
 data collection and reduction from this type of network are discussed. Hourly 
 averagad wind data for the year 1969 from a network of 21 stations over the 
 upper Snake River Plain of southeastern Idaho have been selected for examina- 
 tion. Six hourly wind field plots and computed trajectories of "particles" 
 released once an hour are plotted for the entire data sample. Spatial varia- 
 tions in the flow patterns indicate that transport defined by a wind field is 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 somewhat more reliable than transport defined by the wind at a single station 
 applied over an area of more than a few miles. Descriptors: 1. Wind (meteorology); 
 2. Wind direction; 3. Windward drift; 4. Atmospheric circulation; 5. Data 
 acquisition; 6. Data processing; 7. Mesoscale flow pattern. 
 
 71-03-01-20 
 
 White, Robert M. (Administrator, ESSA, U.S. Department of Commerce, Rockville, 
 Md.). "Keynote Address: The Weather for Tomorrow". (In: American Meteorological 
 Society, Boston, Mass. Joint Symposium Commemorating the Centennial of the 
 United States Weather Services and the Golden Anniversary of the American 
 Meteorological Society, Washington, D.C. Feb. 12-14, 1970. A Century of Weather 
 Progress . James E. Caskey, Jr., (ed.). Boston, Mass. 1970. pp. 5-10.) 
 
 This address was given to commemorate a century of development of our 
 weather services and the science of meteorology. At the same time initiating 
 the celebration of the founding, 50 years ago, of the American Meteorological 
 Society. This year also marked the 10th anniversary of the launching of the 
 first weather satellite, so this period was blessed with an abundance of mile- 
 stones. Descriptors: 1. Weather forecasting; 2. History; 3. Research. 4. World 
 Weather Program. 
 
 71-03-01-21 UDC 551.588.1 
 
 Wilkins, Eugene M. j Sasaki, Yoshikazuj and Schauss, Roger H. (all, 
 University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla.). "Interactions Between the Velocity 
 Fields of Successive Thermals". Monthly Weather Review . 99 (3): 215-226, Mar. 
 1971. #2 $0.65. 
 
 Solitary thermals and continuous plume thermals both occur in nature, and 
 the intermediate case of interacting successive thermals in a series may also 
 be an important part of atmospheric convection. This analysis shows that re- 
 sidual updraft and vorticity concentration in the wake of a proceeding thermal 
 can have important effects on its successor. A fluid mechanics model of buoyant 
 clouds rising through a rotating medium is constructed for the purpose of pre- 
 dicting some of the sequential thermal effects that can be measured quantitatively 
 for thermals simulated in the laboratory. The agreement with theory is satis- 
 factory for the parameters that are subject to measurement, but some relevant 
 constants can only be determined experimentally. For a situation in which a 
 first thermal reacts strongly with the rotation field, it is shown that a 
 succeeding thermal may receive a sizable enhancement of its vertical momentum 
 even though its predecessor was suppressed by the interaction. These findings 
 may be relevant to the generation and maintenance of small-scale atmospheric 
 vortexes such as tornadoes, waterspouts, and dust devils. Descriptors: 
 1. Atmospheric motion; 2. Thermals; 3. Fluid mechanics; 4. Convection; 5. Heat 
 transfer; 6. Vertical velocity; 7. Atmospheric disturbance; 8. Experimentation. 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 71-03-01-22 
 
 Woodley, William L. ; Simpson, Joanne; Miller, Alan H. ; MacKay, Steven; 
 Williamson, Richard; and Cotton, Gerald F. "Some Results of Single Cloud Pyro- 
 technic Seeding in Florida, 1970". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, 
 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Miami, Fla. NOAA 
 Technical Memorandum ERLTM-AOML 10 , Nov. 1970. 106 pp. #1 COM-71-00184 
 
 A ramdomized single cloud pyrotechnic seeding experiment was conducted 
 over South Florida on nine operating days in the spring and early summer of 1970. 
 Five aircraft participated, one for seeding, photogrammetry and in-cloud measure- 
 ments, one for in-cloud measurements near cloud base, one for midlevels, one 
 for following top heights and occasional penetrations and one for dropsondes 
 and high-level observations. Altogether 13 seeded clouds and 16 controls 
 were obtained. This paper reports on the cloud growth and rainfall results of 
 the program. The rainfall analyses were made with the University of Miami 
 calibrated 10-cm radar, by the method developed and tested for the 1968 data. 
 Significance is better than 5 percent for the whole cloud lifetimes for the 
 1970 data. Intraday comparisons were made comparing seeded and control clouds 
 on the same day. This analysis increases seeded-control differences, which retain 
 high significance. The possible inaccuracies in the radar-rainfall measurements 
 are discussed, together with the analysis problems encountered. The operation 
 on each day is discussed, and each GO cloud is described in connection with a 
 photograph. Descriptors: 1. Cloud seeding; 2. Artificial precipitation; 
 3. Rainfall; 4. Meteorological radar; 5. Cloud physics; 6. Silver iodide. 
 
 71-03-01-23 
 
 Woodman, Ronald F. (Jicamarca Radar Observatory, Instituto Geofisico del 
 Peru, Lima, Peru). "Vertical Drift Velocities and East-West Electric Fields at 
 the Magnetic Equator". Journal of Geophysical Research , Space Physics , 75(31): 
 6249-6259, Nov. 1, 1970. ESSA Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colo., cooperative 
 contract with the Instituto Geofisico del Peru. 
 
 Incoherent scatter observations of vertical drifts taken at Jicamarca 
 (2° dip) are presented. Vertical drifts are found to be nearly constant as a 
 function of height. These vertical drifts can also be taken as a direct measurement 
 of the east-west electric fields at the magnetic equator. Their daily and 
 seasonal behavior is presented. The effect of geomagnetic activity is discussed. 
 Descriptors: 1. Measurements; 2. Electric fields; 3. Magnetic Equator; 
 4. Ionosphere; 5. Incoherent scatter technique. 
 
 71-03-01-24 
 
 World Meteorological Organization. "Catalogue of Meteorological Data for 
 Research. Part II. Meteorological Stations With Observational Series Extending 
 Over 80 Years or More". WMO Publication No. 174.TP.86 . [1970]. Price $7.00 
 WMO Publications Center, Division of UNIPUB, Inc., P.O. Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
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01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 Part II of the catalogue contains information on meteorological stations 
 with observational series extending over 80 years or more. Information is 
 listed by countries, in the alphabetical order of their English names. A report 
 containing the lists was prepared on the basis of all participants at the 
 Unesco/WMO Symposium on Changes of Climate (Rome, October 1961). Discussions 
 on climatic fluctuations by the participants at the fourth session of CCI 
 (Stockholm, August 1965) expressed the opinion that material collected in 1961 
 on stations in 50 countries was of permanent value. The Secretary-General was 
 accordingly requested to revise the list of stations having observational series 
 of 80 years or more and to publish it in the Catalogue of Meteorological Data 
 for Research. Descriptors: 1. Climatology; 2. Meteorological data; 3. World- 
 wide; 4. Meteorological stations. 
 
 71-03-01-24 
 
 World Meteorological Organization. "Proceedings of the WMO/IAMAP Sym- 
 posium on Higher Education and Training (Rome, April 1970)V. WMO Publication 
 No. 278. TP. 156 . 1970. 322 pp. Price $7.00. WMO Publications Center, Division 
 of UNIPUB, Inc., P.O. Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
 The Symposium on Higher Education and Training was organized jointly by 
 WMO and IAMAP. Its purpose was to review educational programmes and teaching 
 practices and facilities for the training of Class I and Class II meteorological 
 personnel as well as questions relating to the training of personnel for research 
 work. The Symposium was attended by 65 persons from 30 countries, and a total 
 of 36 papers were presented. These papers cover: Education and training of 
 Class I meteorological personnel (university training); Education and training 
 of Class II meteorological personnel (operational meteorologists); Training of 
 research personnel; Training methods and facilities; General problems of 
 meteorological education. This publication, which contains the full texts of 
 all papers presented as well as a summary of the resulting discussions and the 
 conclusions of the Symposium, will be of great interest to all engaged in 
 meteorological education and training activities. The publication is available 
 in English; a French translation will be available in the near future. 
 Descriptors: 1. Symposia; 2. Education; 3. Training; 4. Teaching; 5. Meteorology; 
 6. Reviewing; 7. Evaluation; 8. World-wide. 
 
 71-03-01-25 
 
 World Meteorological Organization. "Technical Regulations. Volume II. 
 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation". WMO Publication 
 No. 49.BD.3 . 3d Edition, 1970. Price $6.50. WMO Publication Center, Division 
 of UNIPUB, Inc., Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
 The technical regulations presented are as follows: Part 1. Basic obliga- 
 tions for meteorological service for international air navigation. Part 2. 
 Specifications for meteorological service for international air navigation. 
 
 - 10 - 
 
01 ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (Cont. ) 
 
 Part 3. Briefing and documentation practices. Part 4. Aeronautical climato- 
 logical summaries and aeronautical descriptive climatological memoranda. 
 Descriptors: 1. Regulations; 2. Meteorological service; 3. Air navigation 
 (international); 4. Weather forecasting; 5. Meteorological charts; 6. Flight 
 weather briefing. 
 
 71-03-01-26 
 
 World Meteorological Organization. "Twenty-Second Session of the Executive 
 Committee, Geneva, 8-16 October 1970, Abridged Report With Resolutions". WMO 
 Publication No. 277.RC.33 . 1970. 253 pp. Price $9.00. WMO Publications Center, 
 Division of UNIPUB, Inc., P. 0. Box 433, New York, N.Y. 10016. 
 
 The Executive Committee of the World Meteorological Organization held its 
 22d session in the headquarters of the Organization from 8-16 October 1970. The 
 results of the session are summarized in this report. Descriptors: 1. Meetings; 
 2. Regulations; 3. Project management; 4. Budgeting; 5. Education; 6. Project 
 planning; 7. Meteorology; 8. Hydrology; 9. Climatology; 10. Air pollution; 
 11. Observation network; 12. World-wide. 
 
 02 EARTH SCIENCES 
 
 71-03-02-01 UDC 528.063.9:681.14 
 
 Gulick, L. J. "A Comparison of Methods for Computing Gravitational Potential 
 Derivatives". ESSA, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Rockville, Md. ESSA Technical 
 Report C&GS 40. Sept. 1970. 36 pp. #1 COM-71-00185 #2 $0.40 
 
 Computation of the derivatives of the gravitational potential of the earth 
 using spherical harmonics requires the formation of a number of double sums. 
 The expression of these double sums is the most important consideration for 
 achievement of maximum efficiency. Three methods of computing the derivatives 
 (subroutines given in Appendixes C, D. and E) are compared for efficiency, and 
 it is found that the double sums are most efficiently computed using polar 
 coordinates with subsequent transformation of the derivatives to rectangular 
 coordinates by simple application of the chain rule. A subroutine using this 
 method (Appendix C) uses less than 700 words of central memory and requires 
 only 7.3 milliseconds for execution on the CDC 6600 computer when harmonic co- 
 efficients up to degree and order 14 are used. Expressions for the derivatives 
 of polar coordinates with respect to rectangular coordinates and a derivation 
 of the recursion formulas used in computing associated Legendre polynomials are 
 also included as Appendixes A and B, respectively. Descriptors: 1. Mathematical 
 programming; 2. Spherical harmonics; 3. Differential calculus; 4. Gravimetric 
 geodesy; 5. Gravitational fields; 6. Computer programming; 7. Subroutines; 
 8. FORTRAN. 
 
 - 11 - 
 
 
02 EARTH SCIENCES (Cont. ) 
 
 71-03-02-02 
 
 Hasbrouck, W. P. "High Precision Profiling With a Rubidium Magnetometer 
 Pair". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Earth Sciences Laboratories, 
 Boulder, Colo. NOAA Technical Report ERL 192-ESL 14 . Nov. 1970. 19 pp. 
 #1 COM-71-50003 #2 $0.30 
 
 Reliable mapping of quasi-static total magnetic field changes to 0.1 
 gamma between stations separated by 1/2 km can be accomplished by use of a 
 special paired rubidium magnetometer technique. This report discusses the 
 limitations on profiling accuracy imposed by the intrinsic reproducibility 
 of a rubidium horizontal gradiometer. It then describes a pier-differencing 
 method of traversing which has been used to overcome this insufficiency and 
 which has produced long-spaced station-to-station results of tenth gamma re- 
 liability. Nonlinear instrumental drift between the paired sensors is mini- 
 mized by use of a differential drift correction. Examples show how this cor- 
 rection is computed and applied. Descriptors: 1. Magnetometers; 2. Rubidium 
 magnetometers; 3. Magnetic measurement; 4. Magnetic fields; 5. Magnetic surveys; 
 6. Measuring instruments; 7. Sensor characteristics; 8. Geomagnetism. 
 
 71-03-02-03 
 
 Koch, Karl-Rudolf. (ESSA, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Geodetic Research 
 and Development Laboratory, Rockville, Md.). "Surface Density Values for the 
 Earth From Satellite and Gravity Observations". Geophysical Journal. Royal 
 Astronomical Society . 21(1):1-12, Oct. 1970. #1 COM-71-00229 
 
 The representation of the Earth's gravity field as the potential of a 
 simple layer distributed over the surface of the Earth is determined by com- 
 bining satellite observations and gravity anomalies. Density values of the 
 simple layer for 192 surface elements are computed and converted into harmonic 
 coefficients up to the 15th degree and order. These coefficients are used to 
 determine surface density values referred to a reference ellipsoid with the 
 flattening of an earth in hydrostatic equilibrium. The geophysical implica- 
 tions of these values are outlined. Descriptors: 1. Gravitational fields; 
 2. Observed gravity; 3. Gravity anomalies; 4. Reference ellipsoid; 5. Geoids; 
 6. Hydrostatics; 7. Density measurements; 8. Geodetic satellites. 
 
 71-03-02-04 
 
 Nason, Robert D. , and Tocher, Don. (ESSA, Earthquake Mechanism Laboratory, 
 San Francisco, Calif.). "Measurement of Movement on the San Andreas Fault". 
 (In: L. Mansinha et al. (eds.), Earthquake Displacement Fields and the Rotation 
 of the Earth . D. Reidel Publishing Co.» Dordrecht -Hoi land, 1970:246-254). 
 #1 C0M-71 -00222 
 
 The San Andreas fault is a major earthquake source in California. Its 
 geologic history indicates continuing displacement at about 1.2 cm/yr over the 
 past 25 million years, which is less than the estimates in current theories of 
 
 - 12 - 
 
02 EARTH SCIENCES (Cont.) 
 
 global plate tectonics. Current movement on the fault Is by fault displace- 
 ments in earthquakes and by gradual fault creep slippage not directly related 
 to earthquakes. Fault slippage in the historic period 1848 to 1968 has been 
 equivalent to about 2.5 cm/yr average fault displacement. Descriptors: 
 1. Geological faults; 2. Dislocations (materials); 3. Earthquakes; 4. Geological 
 folds; 5. Geodetic surveys; 6. Tectonics; 7. Geophysics; 8. Seismology; 
 9. Physical geography; 10. California. 
 
 03 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 
 
 71-03-03-01 
 
 Glahn, Harry R. (ESSA, Weather Bureau, Techniques Development Laboratory, 
 Silver Spring, Md.). "Computer -Produced Worded Forecasts". Bulletin of the 
 American Meteorological Society , 51 (12): 1126-1131, Dec. 1970. #1 PB-194 262 
 
 Examples of worded weather forecasts prepared entirely by computer are 
 presented. Forecasts of the individual elements are produced objectively with 
 input from the Primitive Equation and Subsynoptic Advection models used opera- 
 tionally at the ESSA Weather Bureau's National Meteorological Center. Possi- 
 bilities for the use of automated worded forecasts are discussed. Descriptors: 
 1. Weather forecasting; 2. Numerical analysis; 3. Computers; 4. Translator 
 routines; 5. Synoptic meteorology; 6. Automation. 
 
 71-03-03-02 
 
 Haslett, J. C: Wasmundt, D. F. ; Megill, L. R. ; Adams, G. W. ; and Taylor, J.H. 
 (all, Space Disturbances Laboratory); Thompson, T. L. , and Whipple, E. C. (both, 
 Aeronomy Laboratory). "Instrumentation of Small Rockets for Polar Cap Absorption 
 Studies". NOAA, Environmental Research Laboratories, Space Disturbances Laboratory, 
 Boulder, Colo. NOAA Technical Report ERL 190- SDL 19 . Dec. 1970. 32 pp. 
 #1 COM-71 -50002 #2 $0.35 
 
 The instrumentation of small sounding rockets for scientific experiments 
 in the region from 50 km to approximately 110 km is described. These particular 
 rockets were developed to measure the diurnal variations of proton spectra and 
 electron densities during solar proton events. Seven rockets were flown with 
 each carrying a three-channel proton spectrometer and a three- frequency Faraday 
 rotation experiment. The proton spectrometer and Faraday rotation experiment are 
 discussed in some detail. Because of difficulties experienced with the telemetry, 
 considerable telemetry development had to be done. Although the telemetry was 
 developed specifically for these rockets, it is of general interest and is de- 
 scribed. In particular the report mentions modifications of the rocket antenna 
 system, the voltage controlled oscillators, and the modification of a parametric 
 amplifier for use with the Ft. Churchill range telemetry. Block diagram and 
 photographs are included in the text, while detailed schematics of the pertinent 
 electronics are included in an appendix. 
 
 - 13 - 
 
03 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (Cont. ) 
 
 71-03-03-03 
 
 Johnson, David S. (ESSA, National Environmental Satellite Center, Suitland, 
 Md.). "Global Atmospheric Research Program". Astronautics and Aeronautics . 
 Oct. 1970. pp. 28-32. #1 COM-71-00224 
 
 A review of the historical needs and events which led to the formation of 
 a Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP). The broad outline of GARP is dis- 
 cus sed, and the salient features of the program are described. Descriptors: 
 1. Artificial satellites; 2. Orbits; 3. Meteorological satellites; 4. Weather 
 intelligence; 5. Earth atmosphere. 
 
 71-03-03-04 
 
 Sargent, Howard H. Ill, and Klemperer, W. K. (both, ESSA Research Labora- 
 tories, Boulder, Colo.). "A Decametric Long Baseline Interferometer System". 
 Radio Science . 5(10): 1283-1286, Oct. 1970. #1 COM-71-00227 
 
 A relatively simple long baseline interferometer (LBI) system, which uses 
 analog tape recorders, is described; it operates at decametric wavelength 
 (26.3 MHz). A base station at Boulder with an array of 76 full-wave dipoles 
 is used in conjunction with a small, readily portable antenna of 16 full- 
 wave dipoles that can be set up at various outlying field sites by two men in 
 less than 3 hours. Commercial rubidium clocks are employed for timing 
 and for local oscillator signals at each station. Tapes are aligned and data 
 are correlated by an analog multiplier after each run at the base station. 
 The use of pseudo-random code generators which can be reset and started on a given 
 clock pulse at each station greatly simplifies tape alignment and system cali- 
 bration. Descriptors: 1. Radio astronomy; 2. Antenna arrays; 3. Radio inter- 
 fermoters; 4. Scatter propagation; 5. Wavelengths; 6. Interferometers; 7. Dipole 
 antennas; 8. Starlight; 9. Analog systems; 10. Ionospheric propagation. 
 
 71-03-03-05 
 
 Shinners, Willard W. (ESSA Research Laboratories, Atlantic Oceanographic 
 and Meteorological Laboratories, Miami, Fla.). "Status of Instrument Develop- 
 ment for Specialized Marine Observations". Meteorological Monographs , 11 (33) : 
 Oct. 1970. #1 COM-71-00212 
 
 A number of representative data acquisition systems are presented under 
 three general categories: 1. shipboard, 2. airborne, and 3. buoys. The Research 
 Triangle Institute developed a system aboard the research vessel EASTWARD 
 using both analog strip chart and digital tape recording of up to 24 channels 
 of meteorological and oceanographic data. To overcome problems inherent in 
 operating from a large ship, Florida State University successfully used an ex- 
 tensible boom extending forward from the bow of the ESSA DISCOVERER. To obtain 
 time series and profile data within the gradient level. ESSA's Sea-Air Inter- 
 action Laboratory uses a five-channel multiplexing system. Resistance-controlled 
 oscillators modulate IRIG channels 5-9 on a 403-MHz carrier frequency. The 
 University of Hamburg uses three modulated audio frequencies in their three- 
 channel sonde on the 403-MHz carrier frequency to acquire data at sea. Bead 
 
 - 14 - 
 
03 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS (Cont. ) 
 
 thermistors, carbon humidity strips, aneroid cells and lightweight anemomenters 
 are used. For data at the ocean-atmosphere interface the TRITON buoy developed 
 at Florida State University has performed successfully while moored in water 
 depths of 8,000 ft. A spar buoy configuration 112 ft in length is placed in 
 75 ft below the surface. On-board recording and radio telemetry of data may be 
 programmed. A much smaller spar buoy, 40 ft in length and 300 lb in weight, 
 has been operated from the DISCOVERER as a tethered system while the ship is 
 hove to. A hard wire link is used for data collection. Descriptors: 1. Data 
 acquisition; 2. Data recording; 3. Meteorological data; 4. Oceanographic ships; 
 
 5. Buoys; 6. Booms (equipment); 7. Air-water interactions; 8. EASTWARD vessel; 
 9. DISCOVERER vessel. 
 
 71-03-03-06 
 
 Slutz, Ralph J.; Doeker, Robert B.; Gray, Thomas B., Jr.; Grubb, Richard N. ; 
 Hornback, Charles E.; Schiffmacher, Edward R. (all, Space Disturbances Laboratory) 
 Sugar, George R. (Aeronomy Laboratory); and Winkelman, James R. (Space Disturbances 
 Laboratory). "A Satellite Recording and Data Base System". NOAA, Environmental 
 Research Laboratories, Boulder, Colo. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL SDL-16 . 
 Dec. 1970. 20pp. #1 C0M-71-00220 
 
 A coherent plan to augment the present data system at the Space Disturbances 
 Laboratory is outlined. The real time capability of the system is discussed 
 along with satellite monitoring, system reliability, and other salient features. 
 Tables of costs and schedule are included. Descriptors: 1. Artificial satellites; 
 2. Telemetery; 3. Real time operations; 4. Data acquisition; 5. Data retrieval; 
 
 6. Data transmission; 7. Information systems. 
 
 04 HYDROLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 
 
 71-03-04-01 UDC 556. 1:551. 579:551. 573(7-ll)"1958/1963" 
 
 Rasmusson, Eugene M. (ESSA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 
 Princeton, N.J.)."A Study of the Hydrology of Eastern North America Using Atmos- 
 pheric Vapor Flux Data". Monthly Weather Review , 99(2): 119-135, Feb. 1971. 
 #2 $0.63. 
 
 The atmospheric water vapor flux divergence and certain aspects of the 
 water balance of Eastern North America are investigated, using data from the 
 period May 1, 1958, to Apr. 30, 1963. Mean monthly values of evapotranspiration 
 and storage change are computed as residuals, using measured values of vapor 
 flux divergence, precipitation, and streamflow. Computations are performed for 
 regions varying in size from 42 x 10 5 km 2 . The results for the smaller areas, 
 which are the least reliable, are critically examined. Computed values of 
 evapotranspiration and storage change are compared with the climatological 
 estimates of Thornthwaite associates and Budyko. The Thomthwaite climatic 
 water balance data appear to overestimate P — E, the difference between pre- 
 cipitation and evapotranspiration, during winter and underestimate it during 
 
 - 15 - 
 
04 HYDROLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY (Cont. ) 
 
 summer, Budyko's values of evapotranspiration generally show a slightly smaller 
 seasonal variation and appear to lead the values obtained from the atmospheric 
 budget computations by around 0.5 to 1 mo. Flux divergence computations are 
 made for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and the results are compared 
 with values obtained by Hastenrath and with estimates of E — P by Wust and 
 Budyko. Interannual variations in storage over the Eastern Region of North 
 America are examined and are found to be comparable with the seasonal changes. 
 The onset of the drought of the early and mid-1960s is clearly reflected in 
 the computed storage values. It is found that variation in mean monthly pre- 
 cipitation during winter is positively correlated with the strength of the 
 northward flow of moisture across the Gulf Coast, but little or no relationship 
 between these quantities appears to exist during summer. Descriptors: 
 1. Evapotranspiration; 2. Hydrologic cycle; 3. Water vapor flux; 4. Atmospheric 
 circulation; 5. Droughts; 6. Water balance equations; 7. Eastern North America. 
 
 71-03-04-02 UDC 551.577.37 :551. 515. 2:556. 166. 4(755) n 1969. 08. 19-20"Camille 
 
 Schwarz, Francis K. (ESSA, Weather Bureau, Office of Hydrology, Silver 
 Spring, Md.). "The Unprecedented Rains in Virginia Associated With the Remnants 
 of Hurricane Camille". Monthly Weather Review . 98 (11): 851 -859, Nov. 1970. 
 #2 $0.65. 
 
 The rainfall and synoptic features of the unprecedented Virginia storm 
 associated with the remnants of hurricane Camille are analyzed. Comparisons with 
 alltime record-breaking rains in the United States and probable maximum precipi- 
 tation estimates are made. The rains of this storm are shown to come within 
 80 to 85 percent of the probable maximum precipitation for a duration of 12 hr 
 for areas up to 1,000 mi*. Persistent low-level moisture feeding into the re- 
 mains of Camille 1 s cyclonic circulation was found to be close to the maximum 
 persisting value for the season and location. The passage of the remnant low- 
 pressure system a little to the south of the rain area resulted in low-level 
 flow from the southeast which made it possible to utilize the high moisture, 
 with some orographic intensification, without depletion by upwind barriers. 
 Apparently, in addition to the very high moisture values, a number of synoptic 
 and mesoscale weather factors operated properly to produce the remarkable rain- 
 fall. Descriptors: 1. Hurricanes; 2. Rainfall; 3. Mountains; 4. Physical 
 geography. 
 
 05 MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 
 
 71-03-05-01 
 
 Anas, Raymond E. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Marine Mammal Biological 
 Laboratory, Seattle, Wash.). "Accuracy in Assigning Ages to Fur Seals". Journal 
 of Wildlife Management . 34(4) : 844-852, Oct. 1970. #1 COM-71-00225 
 
 - 16 - 
 
05 MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 
 
 Ages of seals ( Callorhinus ur sinus ) killed annually for their furs on the 
 Pribilof Islands, Alaska, are determined from samples of whole and sectioned 
 upper canine teeth. Sectioned teeth, however, were used only in 1968 and only 
 for females 7 years old and older. Tests of the percentage errors showed signifi- 
 cant differences (P < 0.01) in mean squares for the ages- types of tooth prepara- 
 tion interaction and readers for females in ages 3 to 7, the readers and ages 
 for females in ages 7 to 11, and the readers-types of tooth preparation-ages 
 interaction mean square for males in ages 2 to 5 years. Whole teeth were superior 
 to sectioned teeth for assigning ages to females in ages 3 to 7. Whole teeth and 
 sectioned teeth were about equally useful for assigning ages to males in ages 
 2 to 5. The four readers had common pooled errors for whole teeth of 3- to 7 -year 
 01d females (13.4 percent). Three of the four readers had common pooled errors 
 for sectioned teeth of 7- to 11-year old females (48.6 percent). One reader 
 differed significantly from the other readers for sectioned teeth, but the re- 
 maining reader errors were common for whole and sectioned teeth of 2- to 5-year 
 old males (8.0 percent). Adjusted errors of -3.44, +1.37, and +3.35 percent 
 (overall error of 2.54 percent) were computed for females killed since 1956 in 
 ages 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and adjusted errors of +15.98, -1.60, + 0.28, and 
 + 2.21 percent (overall error of 1.93 percent) were computed for males killed 
 since 1956 in ages 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, on the Pribilof Islands. The 
 estimated error for age 6 females killed since 1956 was +6.52 percent. The kills 
 of females 7 years old and older were not adjusted. Descriptors: 1. Aquatic 
 mammals; 2. Seals (mammals); 3. Aging (biology); 4. Age determination; 5. Teeth; 
 6. Alaska. 
 
 71-03-05-02 
 
 Cooper, Richard A., and Uzmann, Joseph R. (both, Bureau of Commercial 
 Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine). "Migrations and 
 Growth of Deep-Sea Lobsters, Homarus americanus" . Science , 191 (3968): 288-290, 
 22 Jan. 1971 
 
 In distinct contrast to the restricted movements of coastal stocks of 
 lobsters ( Homarus americanus ). those inhabiting the outer continental shelf 
 undertake extensive seasonal migrations. Of fj710 tagged lobsters released on 
 the outer continental shelf off New England from April 1968 to June 1969, 400 
 had been recaptured by April 1970. The distribution of the recoveries demon- 
 strated shoalward migration in spring and summer and a return to the edge of the 
 shelf in fall and winter. Deep-sea lobsters have a faster rate of growth than 
 coastal lobsters; growth increments at molting and the frequency of molting are 
 greater. Descriptors: 1. Lobsters; 2. Migrations; 3. Marking; 4. New England. 
 
 71-03-05-03 
 
 Fujino, Kazuo. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, 
 Honolulu, Hawaii). "Skipjack Tuna Subpopulation Identified by Genetic Characteris- 
 tics in the Western Pacific". (In: John C. Marr (Editor), The Kuroshio : A 
 Symposium on the Japan Current . Honolulu, Hawaii, East-West Center Press, 1970. 
 pp. 385-393.) #1 COM-71-00199 
 
 - 17 - 
 
05 MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 
 
 As a part of Che Pacificwide studies of the population structure of the 
 skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelami s), more than 2,500 blood specimens have been 
 collected from areas off the northeastern coast of Japan, Okinawa, and the 
 Mariana and Palau Islands in the western Pacific Ocean. Comparison of genetic 
 compositions of the blood group and serum group systems for the specimens of 
 different areas indicated that 1. no significant heterogeneity was seen in all 
 the genetic systems used within the western Pacific, and 2. gene frequencies of the 
 serum esterase system of the samples from the western Pacific are significantly 
 different from those of the central Pacific (Hawaii and Line Islands) and the 
 eastern Pacific (Baja California). On the basis of these observations as well 
 as other available biological information, the skipjack tuna population structure 
 in the western Pacific is discussed. Descriptors: 1. Blood serum; 2. Blood 
 analysis; 3. Genetics; 4. Tunas; 4. Marine biology; 5. Population migrations. 
 
 71-03-05-04 
 
 Hitz, Charles R. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Exploratory Fishing and 
 Gear Research Base, Seattle, Wash.). "Vessels in the U.S. Pacific Coast Shrimp 
 Fisheries". Presented at: The Federal Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee. 
 Conference on Canadian Shrimp Fishery, St. John, N.B., Canada, Oct. 27-29, 1970. 
 24 pp. #1 C0M-7 1-0021 5 
 
 There are three groups of shrimp vessels operating in the U.S. Pacific 
 shrimp fisheries. Most of them are of the Pacific combination type, and are de- 
 fined by the fishing gear they employ. Otter trawls are used to capture pink 
 shrimp ( Pandalus jordani and P. borealis ) along the coast of the Pacific Northwest 
 and in the Gulf of Alaska from vessels called shrimp trawlers. In southeastern 
 Alaska the beam trawl is also used to take pink shrimp, and the vessels are 
 called beam trawlers. The larger spot shrimp (P. platyceras ) and side-stripe 
 shrimp ( Pandalopsis dispar ) are fished with pots from vessels called "shrimpers." 
 The shrimp trawler dominates the Pacific coast shrimp fisheries with some 68 
 vessels operating along the Pacific Northwest and 20 in Alaska. The greater bulk 
 of the shrimp catch is landed in Alaska by these combination vessels. Some of 
 them land as much as 3 million pounds per year. Descriptors: 1. Shrimp. 
 2. Fisheries; 3. Harvesting; 4. Ships (fishing vessels); 5. Design criteria; 
 6. Equipment (fishing gear). 
 
 71-03-05-05 
 
 Judy, Mayo H., and Dudley, Donnie L. (both, NOAA, Estuarine and Menhaden 
 Research Center, Beaufort, N.C.). "Movements of Tagged Blue Crabs in North Carolina 
 Waters". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service , Commercial Fisheries Review . Reprint 
 No. 892 :29-35. Nov. 1970. 
 
 The infrequent exchange of crabs between estuarine systems or between wide- 
 spread coastal areas shows that a commercial fishery for blue crabs in one area 
 cannot depend on migration of commercial -size crabs from another area. From 1957 
 to 1965, 17,237 female and 5, 691 male adult blue crabs were tagged and released 
 in North Carolina waters, including two rivers, two sounds, and two ocean areas. 
 
 - 18 - 
 
05 MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES (Cont.) 
 
 Total recoveries were 6,947 tags, or 30.3 percent. Most recoveries (90-95 percent) 
 were made within 6 months—and 60-65 percent of these were recaptured within 3 
 months after release. Of crabs caught away from tagging sites, 83 percent of 
 females and 80 percent of males were caught within 24 km of release areas. 
 Females moved from estuaries into high-salinity waters in warm weather and re- 
 turned to estuaries in late fall and winter. Males displayed limited movement 
 between estuary and ocean but generally remained in estuaries. Descriptors: 
 1. Crabs; 2. North Carolina; 3. Shellfish; 4. Crustacea; 5. Estuaries; 6. Salt 
 water; 7. Animal migrations. 
 
 71-03-05-06 
 
 Jurkovich, Jerry E. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Exploratory Fishing and 
 Gear Research Base, Seattle, Wash.). "Shrimp-Fish Separator Trawls With a Method 
 of Modifying a Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawl for Use in Waters off the States of 
 Oregon and Washington". (In: The Federal -Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee. 
 Conference on Canadian Shrimp Fishery. St. John, N.B., Canada, Oct. 27-29, 1970. 
 15 pp.) #1 C0M-7 1-00186 
 
 This paper tells how to modify a 57-foot Gulf of Mexico semiballoon trawl 
 so that while being towed, it will separate fish from ocean pink shrimp (Pandalus 
 jordani ) catches. This separator trawl is now used in the shrimp fishery off the 
 states of Oregon and Washington. An alternate separator trawl diagram is included 
 in the event there is no 57-foot Gulf trawl to modify. A brief history of the 
 use of separator trawls is also provided. Descriptors: 1. Fisheries; 2. Fishing; 
 3. Shrimps; 4. Harvesting; 5. Separators; 6. Ships (fishing vessels); 7. Design 
 criteria; 8. Oregon Coast; 9. Washington Coast. 
 
 71-03-05-07 
 
 Nakamura, Eugene L. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, 
 Honolulu, Hawaii). "Symposis of Biological Data on Hawaiian Species of Stolephorus" . 
 (In: John C. Marr (ed.), The Kuroshio : A Symposium on the Japan Current . 
 Honolulu, Hawaii, East-West Center Press, 1970. pp. 425-446.) #1 COM-71-00193 
 
 Data on identity, distribution, bionomics and life history, population, 
 and exploitation of the nehu ( Stolephorus purpureus ) are summarized. The nehu, 
 an engraulid fish, is used as live bait in the fishery for skipjack tuna 
 (Katsuwonus pelamis ) in Hawaii. Data on the identity and distribution of the 
 roundhead ( Stolephorus buccaneer! ) , a second Hawaiian engraulid, are also summarized. 
 The taxonomic status of the roundhead has been questioned, since morphological 
 intermediates between it and the nehu have been found. Descriptors: 1. Marine 
 fish; 2. Taxonomy; 3. Life cycle; 4. Morphology; 5. Demography; 6. Fertility. 
 
 71-03-05-08 
 
 NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Commercial Fisheries 
 Abstracts , 24(i):l-40, Jan. 1971 *1 
 
 - 19 - 
 
05 MARINE BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES (Cont.) 
 
 The Department of Commerce's National Marine Fisheries Service publishes 
 the monthly journal Commercial Fisheries Abstracts as one means of communicating 
 to the fishing industry and allied groups the status of current fishery research. 
 The research includes the biological aspects of fishery science as well as 
 technological studies dealing with aquatic resource supply, harvesting, processing, 
 utilization, and distribution. Commercial Fisheries Abstracts contains summaries 
 of selected articles from trade, engineering, and scientific journals dealing 
 with the entire spectrum of fishery science. The publication is designed to 
 serve the needs of fishery scientists, engineers, and managers in industry, 
 academic institutions, and government by supplying timely information on current 
 progress in fishery research and technology. Descriptors: 1. Fisheries; 
 2. Acquisitions; 3. Fishing grounds; 4. Marine biology; 5. Fish farming. 
 
 71-03-05-09 
 
 Otsu, Tamio. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, 
 Hawaii). "Tagging of Skipjack Tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis , in Falau". (In: John C. 
 Marr (ed.), The Kuroshio : A Symposium on the Japan Current . Honolulu, Hawaii, 
 East-West Center Press, 1970. pp. 565-568.) #1 COM-71-00192 
 
 The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii, 
 initiated a skipjack tuna tagging program in the Palau Islands, Western Carolines, 
 in June 1967 in cooperation with the Government of the Trust Territory of the 
 Pacific Islands. As of mid-March 1968 five tagged fish have been recovered. 
 Descriptors: 1. Tuna; 2. Marking; 3. Fishing grounds; 4. Migrations; 5. Fishing; 
 
 71-03-05-10 
 
 Pristas, Paul J. (National Marine Fisheries Service, Center for Estuarine 
 and Menhaden Research, Beaufort, N.C.). "BCF Scientists Tag and Recover Menhaden". 
 Commercial Fisheries Review , Reprint No. 884 . Aug. -Sept. 1970. *1 
 
 Over 1,066,000 Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, were tagged internally 
 with ferrometalic tags, 1966-69. Tags were recovered on magnets in reduction 
 plants during the production of fish meal and oil. More than 200,000 tagged fish 
 have been recaptured. In 1969, 35,000 Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia pa tr onus , were 
 tagged and nearly 7,000 were recaptured. From these returns, movements can be 
 determined and mortality rates can be estimated. Descriptors: 1. Atlantic 
 menhaden; 2. Brevoortia tyrannus; 3. Gulf menhaden; 4. Brevoortia patronus; 
 5. Fish tagging; 6. Migration; 7. Mortality. 
 
 71-03-05-11 
 
 Wilkins, E. Peter H. (Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Center for Estuarine 
 and Menhaden Research, Beaufort, N.C.). "Occurrence of a Juvenile Fourbeard 
 Rockling, Enchelyopus cimbrius, in the Coastal Estuarine Waters of North Carolina". 
 Chesapeake Science . U (3): 197-198, Sept. 1970. #1 COM-71-00234 
 
 A juvenile four -bearded rockling was captured in an estuary 3 miles from 
 the ocean. The species usually occurs in oceanic waters over the Continental 
 Shelf. Descriptors: 1. Marine fishes; 2. Minnows; 3. Ecology; 4. Animal behavior. 
 
 - 20 - 
 
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