C 3#. aoa'.R % Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes W U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ Maritime Administration June 1975 ESSENTIAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN TRADE ROUTES ^* TO ' c Q ^TES O* h U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary John K. Tabor, Under Secretary MARITIME ADMINISTRATION Robert J. Blackwell, Assistant Secretary for Maritime Affairs a. o L J j**T*V it it it it it it it it it (j) New design, new methods of construction, and new types of equipment for vessels; the possibilities of promoting the carry- ing of American foreign trade in American vessels; and inter- coastal and inland water transportation, including their relation to transporation by land and air. Construction-differential subsidy may be paid for the construction of a new ship or the reconstruction or reconditioning- of an existing ship even though the ship is to be operated on a route and service in foreign commerce not determined to be essential. It is only with respect to payment of operating-differential subsidy that operations of ships under subsidy agreements are restricted to the limits of the routes and services determined by the Maritime Administration to be essential. In considering applications for operating-differential subsidy, the Administration is guided in part by Section 601(a) of the Act, the pertinent excerpt of which states: The Secretary of Commerce is authorized and directed to consider the application of any citizen of the United States for financial aid in the operation of a vessel or vessels, which are to be used in an essential service in the foreign commerce of the United States or in such service and in cruises authorized under section 613 of this title. No such application shall be approved by the Secretary of Commerce unless it determines that (1) the operation of such vessel or vessels in such service, route, or line is required to meet foreign flag competition and to promote the foreign commerce of the United States » * * Prepared by Office of Subsidy Administration, Division of Trade Studies and Statistics. Section II ESSENTIAL TRADE ROUTES, TRADE AREAS, AMD SERVICES The following trade routes, trade areas, and services have been determined to be essential within the meaning of the Act for the promotion, development, expansion, and maintenance of the foreign commerce of the United States: Trade Route No. Description 1 U. S. Atlantic/East Coast South America . Between U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida .to but not including Key West) and ports in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. 2 U. S. Atlantic/West Coast South America . Between U. S« Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) and ports in Pacific Coast Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. 4 U. S. Atlantic/Caribbean . Between U. S, Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West and ports in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Mexico-French Guiana, inclusive), all islands of the Caribbean and West Indies (except Puerto Rico), the Bahama Islands, and Bermuda. 5-7-8-9 U. S. North Atlantic/Western Europe . Between U. S. North Atlantic ports (Maine-Virginia, inclusive) and ports in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Continental Europe (Germany south of Denmark to northern border of Portugal). 6 U. S. North Atlantic/Scandinavia and Baltic . Between U. S. North Atlantic ports (Maine-Virginia, inclusive) and ports in Scandinavian and Baltic countries and the intermediate islands of Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland. 10 U. S. North Atlantic/Mediterranean . Between U. S. North Atlantic ports (Maine-Virginia, inclusive) and ports in Portugal, Spain south of Portugal, Atlantic Morocco, and the Mediterranean Sea (including the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and other seas which are arms of the Mediterranean) Trade Route No. Description 11 U. S. South Atlantic/Western Europe . Between U. S. South Atlantic ports (North Carolina-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) and ports in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Continental Europe north of Portugal. 12 U. S. Atlantic/Far East . Between U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine- Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) and ports in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive. 13 U. S. South Atlantic and Gulf /Mediteranean . Between U. S. South Atlantic and Gulf ports (North Carolina-Texas, inclusive) and ports in Portugal, Spain south of Portugal, Atlantic Morocco, and the Mediterranean Sea (including the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and other seas which are arms of the Mediteranean) 14 U. S. Atlantic and Gulf/West Africa . Between U. S. Atlantic and Gulf ports (Maine-Texas, inclusive) and ports on the West Coast of Africa from the southern border of Morocco to the southern border of Angola, including Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde, and other islands adjacent to the West African Coast. 15-A U. S. Atlantic/South and East Africa . Between U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) and ports in South and East Africa from the southern border of Angola to Cape Guardafui in the Somali Republic, including the Islands of Ascension and St. Helena in the South Atlantic, the Malagasy Republic, and adjacent islands in the India Ocean not east of 60 East Longitude. 15-B U. S. Gulf/South and East Africa . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Texas, inclusive) and ports in South and East Africa from the southern border of Angola to Cape Guardafui in the Somali Republic, including the Islands of Ascension and St. Helena in the South Atlantic, the Malagasy Republic, and adjacent islands in the Indian Ocean not east of 60 East Longitude. 16 U. S. Atlantic and Gulf /Australia and New Zealand . Between U. S. Atlantic and Gulf ports (Maine-Texas, inclusive) and ports in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and South Sea Islands within the general area. 17 U. S. Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific/Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore . Between U. S. Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coast ports and ports in Indonesia, Malaysia (Malaya, Sarawak, and Sabah) , Singapore, and Brunei. Trade Route No. Description 18 U. S. Atlantic and Gulf/India, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea . Between U. S. Atlantic and Gulf ports (Maine-Texas , inclus i ve ) and ports in Southwest Asia from Suez to Burma, inclusive, and Africa on the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 19 U. S. Gulf /Caribbean . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Texas, inclusive) and ports in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Mexico-French Guiana, inclusive) and all islands of the Caribbean and West Indies (except Puerto Rico). 20 U. S. Gulf/East Coast South America . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Texas, inclusive) and ports in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. 21 U. S. Gulf/Western Europe . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West- Texas, inclusive) and ports in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Continental Europe north of Portugal. 22 U. S. Gulf/Far East . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Texas, inclusive) and ports in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, and the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive. 23 U. S. Pacific/Caribbean . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington- California, inclusive) and ports in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Mexico-French Guiana, inclusive) and all islands of the Caribbean and West Indies (except Puerto Rico). 24 U. S. Pacific/East Coast South America . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive) and ports in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. 25 U. S. Pacific/West Coasts Mexico, Central and South America . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive) and Pacific Coast ports of Mexico, Central America, Panama, Panama Canal Zone, and South America. 26 U. S. Pacific/Western Europe . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive) and ports in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Continental Europe north of Portugal. 27 U. S. Pacific/Australia and New Zealand . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive, and Hawaii) and ports in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and South Sea Islands within the general area. Trade Route No. 28 29 Description U. S. Pacific/India, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive) and ports in Southwest Asia from Suez to Burma, inclusive, and Africa on the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. U. S. Pacific/Far East . Between U. S. Pacific ports (Washington-California, inclusive , Alaska, Hawaii, and U. S. islands lying between the United States and the Far East) and ports in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive, and other Pacific islands lying between the United States and the Continent of Asia as heretofore described . 31 Trade Area No. U. S. Gulf/West Coast South America . Between U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Texas, inclusive) and ports in Pacific Coast Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Description Great Lakes/Western Europe . Between ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, inter- mediate Canadian Great Lakes ports and other Canadian ports along the general track and ports in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, and Continental Europe north of Portugal. Great Lakes/West, South, and East Africa . Between U. S. ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, intermediate Canadian Great Lakes ports and other Canadian ports along the general track and ports in Africa from the south- ern border of Morocco to Cape Guardafui in the Somali Republic, including Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde and other islands adjacent to the West African Coast, the Islands of Ascension and St. Helena in the South Atlantic, the Malagasy Republic, and adiacent islands in the Indian o Ocean not east of 60 East Longitude. Great Lakes/Caribbean, East and West Coasts of South America . Between U. S. ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, intermediate Canadian Great Lakes ports and other Canadian ports along the general track and ports in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Mexico-French Guiana, inclusive), all islands of the Caribbean and West Indies (except Puerto Rico), and the East and West Coasts of South America. Trade Area No. Description 4 Great Lakes/Mediterranean, India, Persian Gulf , and Red Sea . Between U. S. ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, intermediate Canadian Great Lakes ports and other Canadian ports along the general track and ports in Portugal, Spain south of Portugal, Atlantic Morocco, and the Mediterranean Sea (including the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and other seas which are arms of the Mediterranean) , Southwest Asia from Suez to Burma, inclusive, and Africa on the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 5 Great Lakes/Far East, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand . Between U. S. ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River, intermediate Canadian Great Lakes ports and other Canadian ports along the general track and ports in Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive, other Pacific islands lying between continental Pacific Coast United States and the Continent of Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia (Malaya, Sarawak, and Sabah) , Singapore Brunei, Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and South Sea Islands within the general area. Round -the -World Westbound Service From U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) to California and thence to ports in the Far East (Japan, Okinawa, Taiwan, Philippines, and the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive), Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southwest Asia (Suez to Burma, inclusive), Africa on thfe Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, and the Mediterranean returning to U. S. Atlantic ports. Round -the -World Eastbound Service From U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West) to ports in the Mediterranean (including Atlantic approaches), Southwest Asia (Suez to Burma, inclusive), Africa on the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Far East (Japan, Okinawa, Taiwan, Philippines, and the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive) returning to California ports and thence to U. S. Atlantic ports. Description Tri -Continent Service Westbound From - (A) U. S. Atlantic ports (Maine-Atlantic Coast Florida to but not including Key West), via Panama, completing at California ports; and (B) U. S. Gulf ports (Key West-Mexican border), via Panama Canal, completing at California ports; To - Far East (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the Continent of Asia from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to Thailand, inclusive) . Eastbound From - Far East to U. S. Pacific Coast with cargo for discharge at U. S. Pacific ports and U. S. Gulf ports or for discharge at U. S. Pacific ports and U. S. Atlantic ports; To - (A) United Kingdom and Continental Europe (north of Portugal), complet- ing at U. S. North Atlantic ports, thence returning either to U. S. Atlantic or Gulf ports; and (B) U. S. Gulf ports and Havana, Cuba. Section III COMMODITY INFORMATION AND MAPS The principal commodities exported and imported by the United States during calendar year 1973 on each trade route and area are set forth in this section. These statistics, which are taken from data provided by the Bureau of the Census, include commercial and government-sponsored cargo moving in the United States oceanborne foreign trade. Military and domestic cargo is excluded. A sketch map to aid in visualizing the liner operations on each essential trade route is also provided in this section. Names of ports are shown for orientation purposes only, and the omission of any port has no significance either as to its relative importance or its inclusion within the trade route or area. TRADE ROUTE NO. 1 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Iron or steel plates and sheets Organic chemicals Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.c. Crude minerals, n.e.c. Road motor vehicles and parts Pulps and waste paper Fertilizers, manufactured Iron or steel rails and railway track construction material Paper and paperboard Mach. for Spec. Industr., and parts Agricultural machinery and appliances, and parts Copper and copper alloys All other 715 Liner Imports - Total 134 40 36 29 26 25 25 20 20 18 18 15 14 293 Coffee Wood, shaped or simply worked Cocoa Vegetable oils - fixed, n.e.s. Meat In Containers, n.e.s. Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. Fish, fresh or simply preserved Tobacco, unmanufactured Paper and paperboard All other 644 177 67 r > r > 44 32 2 8 18 18 15 190 Non-Liner Exports - Total Coal, coke and briquets Fertilizers, manufactured Iron and steel scrap Iron or steel primary forms All other 2,633 Non-Liner Imports - Total 3,638 2,238 Iron ore and concentrates 2,821 150 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 418 117 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 75 base metals 267 53 All other 132 Tanker Export - Total Fertilizers, manufactured Chemical products and materials n.e.c. All other 8 Tanker Imports - Total 505 6 Petroleum products 402 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 60 2 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous metals 25 All other 18 11 TRADE ROUTE NO. 2 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Road motor vehicles and parts Paper and paperboard Iron or steel plates and sheets Petroleum products Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Animals oils and fats, n.e.c. Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. Crude minerals, n.e.c. Clay and refractory construction materials Wheat, unmilled All other 282 Liner Imports - Total 26 24 15 13 13 12 12 11 9 c > 138 Coffee Copper and copper alloys Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey Fruits and nuts, fresh Wood, shaped or simply worked Lead and lead alloys Fertilizers, crude Zinc and zinc alloys Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Fish, fresh or simply preserved All other 498 115 109 71 b t-'F CO 2 UJ a. o cc -1 Z> < a) UJ O ifi o CL in o 3 a: o Q. cr o 0_ O UJ < _i < 2 Ll < ?2 u. a UJ a: is o t/> (/> z X 3 3 ^ i- i0 a o CM lO UJ z 2 6 2 3 TRADE ROUTE NO. 11 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Expo r ts - Total Pulps and waste paper Crude minerals, n.e.c. Paper and paperboard Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Tobacco, unmanufactured Manmade fibers and their waste Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. Aluminum and aluminum alloys Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.c. All other 828 Liner Imports - Total 596 170 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 123 99 Iron or steel plates and sheets 67 93 Beverages, alcoholic 41 77 Paper and paperboard 26 52 Manmade fibers and their waste 26 33 Textile and leather machinery, and parts 22 33 Yarn and thread of cotton and 22 manmade fibers 22 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and 21 fittings 21 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, 13 rivets 20 215 All other 200 Non-Liner Exports - Total Fertilizers, crude Crude minerals, n.e.c. Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Paper and paperboard Pulp and waste paper All other 873 Non-Liner Imports - Total 284 Lime, cement, and fabricated 165 building materials 138 Fertilizers, manufactured 116 Iron ore and concentrates 71 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc, Inorganic chemicals 99 Paper and paperboard Road motor vehicles and parts All other 964 294 141 135 129 81 53 51 80 Tanker Exports - Total Fertilizers, crude Chemical products and materials, n.e.s . Paper and paperboard Organic chemicals Fatty acids, waxes, fats, oils All other 75 Tanker Imports - Total 22 Petroleum products Mineral tar, tar oils, etc. 18 Organic chemicals 9 Fertilizers, manufactured, and 9 fertilizer materials, n.e.s. 8 All other 149 79 27 19 14 10 23 TRADE ROUTE NO. 12 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Crude minerals, n.e.c. Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Coal, coke and briquets Iron or steel plates and sheets Pulps and waste paper Chemical products and materials, n.e.c . Organic chemicals Tobacco, unmanufactured Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Feeding-stuff for animals All other 247 139 101 89 75 66 64 58 47 46 844 Liner Imports - Total 2,590 Road mator vehicles and parts 181 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 155 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 148 Clothing, elastic or rubberized kni-t fabric, knit house furnishing 109 Baby carriages, strollers, wheel- chairs, toys, games, and sporting goods 73 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 71 Iron or steel plates and sheets 68 Vegetables, prepared or preserved n.e .s . 67 Telecommunications apparatus, and parts 66 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.s. 60 Clay and refractory construction materials 60 Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 53 All other 1,479 Non-Liner Exports - Total Coal, coke and briquets Iron and steel scrap Corn or maize, unmilled Oil seeds, oil nuts, kernels Wheat, unmilled All other 19, 176 Non-Liner Imports - Total 2,774 15,550 Sugar, syrups, molasses, and honey 1,162 2,519 Iron or steel plates and sheets 518 633 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 446 194 Road motor vehicles and parts 172 182 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 126 98 Iron or steel bars', rods, etc. 95 All other 255 Tanker Exports - Total 81 Petroleum products 27 Vegetable oils and fats, fixed 25 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c . 12 Organic chemicals 10 All other 7 Tanker I mports - Total Vegetable oils, fixed, n.e.c. All other 84 73 11 25 TRADE ROUTE NO. 13 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Line r E xports - Total Paper and paperboard Pulps and waste paper Crude minerals, n.e.c. Feeding-stuff for animals Cotton Wheat flour, meal and groats Wood, shaped or simply worked Rice Vegetable oils and fats, fixed Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels All other 187 157 73 71 59 58 43 41 31 24 344 Liner Imports - Total 376 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 49 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 35 Lime, cement, and fabricated building materials 35 Vegetables, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 24 Beverages, alcoholic 18 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 17 Road motor vehicles and parts 14 Tobacco, unmanufactured 11 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 10 Glass 10 Iron or steel plates and sheets 10 All other 143 Non-Liner Exports - Total 15,845 Corn or maize, unmilled 5,750 Wheat, unmilled 5,329 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 1,528 Feeding-stuff for animals 830 Fertilizers, crude 676 Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled 620 Petroleum products 361 Fertilizers, manufactured 310 Iron and steel scrap 101 All other 340 Non-Liner I mports - Total 834 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 326 Lime, cement, and fabricated building materials 162 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 157 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 45 Fertilizers, manufactured 29 Iron ore and concentrates 28 Iron or steel plates and sheets 25 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 18 All other 44 Tanker Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled Petroleum products Corn or maize, unmilled Organic chemicals Vegetable oils and fats, fixed Inorganic chemicals Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. All other 4,944 3,687 369 347 150 131 111 62 Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude Petroleum products Organic chemicals All other 4,061 951 219 66 87 27 TRADE ROUTE NO. 14 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled Cereals, unmilled, n.e.c. Petroleum products Rice Paper and paperboard Iron or steel tubes, pipes, and fittings Waste from textile fabrics All other 817 Liner Imports - Total 595 161 Coffee 202 108 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 89 base metals 127 62 Cocoa 122 GO Aluminum and aluminum alloys 33 Rubber, crude 31 36 Wood, shaped or simply worked 28 24 Zinc and zinc alloys 13 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 11 277 Vegetable oils, fixed, n e.s. 10 All other 18 Non-Liner Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled Corn or maize, unmilled Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled Inorganic chemicals elements All other 683 Non-Liner Imports - Total 316 128 91 7 3 75 3,380 Iron ore and concentrates 2,652 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 572 Rubber, crude 63 All other 93 Tanker Exports - Total Inorganic chemical elements Petroleum products All other 1 63 Tanker Imports - Total 49 Petroleum, crude 10 Petroleum products 4 All other 20,328 19,499 742 87 29 TRADE ROUTE NO. 15 -A COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 295 Paper and paperboard 39 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.c. 20 Road motor vehicles and parts 19 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 13 Organic chemicals 12 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. 11 Agricultural machinery 10 Petroleum products 10 Manmade fibers and their waste 10 Feeding-stuff for animals 9 All other 142 Liner Imports - Total 297 Coffee 48 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 22 Fruits and nuts, fresh 18 Fish, fresh or simply preserved 17 Paper and paperboard 16 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 14 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 14 Crude vegetable materials, n.e.s. 9 All other 139 Non-Liner Exports - Total Pulps and waste paper Iron or steel bars, rods, etc, All other 43 Non-Liner Imports - Total 22 10 11 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Sugar, syrups, molasses, and honey All other 356 202 126 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products All other 1_ Tanker Imports - Total 1 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 1 All other 11 71 1 31 TRADE ROUTE NO. 15-B COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 224 Rice 63 Paper and paperboard 32 Petroleum products 23 Chemical products and materials, n.e .c . 18 Organic chemicals 10 Inorganic chemical elements 8 Cereal flour, meal and groats 8 Cotton 6 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 6 Cereal and flour preparation 4 All other 46 Liner Imports - Total 160 Coffee 45 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 25 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 16 Paper and paperboard 13 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 9 Pulps and waste paper 7 Tea and mate 7 Special textile fabrics 7 All other 31 Non-Liner Exports - Total 142 Non-Liner Imports - Total Wheat, unmilled 76 Rice 30 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 18 All other 18 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Pulps and waste paper Crude minerals, n.e.s. Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. All other 468 180 176 52 32 20 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products Organic chemicals Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. All other 111 50 31 15 15 Tanker Imports - Total Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey All other 62 58 4 33 TRADE ROUTE NO. 16 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 632 Fertilizers, manufactured 66 Paper and paperboard 53 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 44 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. 34 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 32 Organic chemicals 31 Road motor vehicles and parts 27 Pulps and waste paper 19 Petroleum products 18 Rubber, crude 17 All other 291 Liner Imports - Total 476 Meat, fresh, chilled or frozen 308 Chemical products and materials, n. e. s. 25 Wool and other animal hair 23 Milk and cream 16 Cheese and curd 15 All other 89 Non-Liner Exports - Total 309 Sulfur and crude iron pyrites 152 Fertilizers, manufactured 44 Coal, coke and briquets 39 Oil seeds, nuts and kernels 26 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 18 Petroleum products 13 All other 17 Non-Liner Imports - Total 1, 778 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 649 Iron ore and concentrates 466 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 259 Inorganic chemical elements 173 Meat, fresh, chilled, or frozen 77 All other 154 Tanker Exports - Total Inorganic chemical elements Organic chemicals Petroleum products All other 281 Tanker Imports - Total 158 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 84 Petroleum, crude 30 Inorganic chemical elements 9 All other 120 8h 13 11 10 35 TRADE ROUTE NO. 17 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 890 Cereal and flour preparations 72 Rice 70 Wheat, unmilled 69 Cotton 59 Paper and paperboard 58 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 37 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 36 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. 34 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 33 Iron or steel tubes, pipes, and fittings 32 All other 390 Liner Imports - Total 818 Rubber, crude 463 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 60 Wood, shaped or simply worked 53 Coffee 41 Tin and tin alloys 29 Wood manufactures, n.e.s. 24 Agricultural machinery, appliances, and parts 22 Spices 22 Clothing, elastic, or rubberized, knit fabric, knit house furnishings 16 All other 88 Non-Liner Exports - Total 1,078 , Wheat, unmilled 534 Corn or maize, unmilled 232 Rice 93 Fertilizers, manufactured 75 Cereal and flour preparations 41 All other 103 Non-Liner Imports - Total 164 Rubber, crude 65 Wood, shaped or simply worked 37 Agricultural machinery and appliances, and parts 18 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 15 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 13 All other 16 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products Fertilizers, manufactured All other 88 Tanker Imports - Total 40 37 11 Petroleum, crude Petroleum products Vegetable oil, fixed, n.e.s. All other 9,294 8,709 382 184 19 37 TRADE ROUTE NO. 18 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 1,404 Wheat flour, meal and groats 144 Iron or steel plates and sheets 131 Wheat, unmilled 105 Rice 87 Road motor vehicles and parts 62 Vegetable oils and fats, fixed 55 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.c. 52 Cereal and flour preparation 47 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c . 46 All other 675 Liner Imports - Total 612 Fabrics, woven, other than cotton 263 Coffee 55 Crude vegetable materials, n.e.s. 40 Fruits and nuts, fresh 30 Tea and mate 26 Cotton fabrics, woven 25 Fish, fresh or simply preserved 14 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 14 Cotton 12 Spices 12 Fruits, dried 11 All other 110 Non-Liner Exports - Total 4,424 Wheat, unmilled 2,368 Fertilizers, manufactured 537 Cereals, n.e.c., unmilled 531 Fertilizers, crude 520 Corn or maize, unmilled 140 Wheat flour, meal and groats 130 Petroleum products 67 All other 131 Non-Liner Imports - Total 227 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 70 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 43 Textile fabrics, woven 39 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 39 All other 36 Tanker Exports - Total 1,064 Wheat, unmilled 459 Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled 271 Fertilizers, manufactured 84 Vegetable oils and fats, fixed 81 Petroleum products 63 All other 106 Tanker Imports - Total 26,480 Petroleum crude 24,901 Petroleum products 1,514 Gas, natural and manufactured 50 All other 15 39 40 TRADE ROUTE NO. 19 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 1,015 Wheat, unmilled 79 Paper and paperboard 75 Feeding-stuff for animals 69 Corn or maize, unmilled 61 Wheat flour, meal and groats 53 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 44 Pulps and waste paper 44 Fertilizer, manufactured 39 Petroleum products 36 Inorganic chemical elements 32 All other 483 Liner Imports - Total 318 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 137 Coffee 53 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 16 Fruits and nuts, fresh 15 Wood, shaped or simply worked 13 Aluminum and aluminum alloys 12 Special textile fabrics 11 All other 61 Non-Liner Exports - Total 4, 768 Wheat, unmilled 1,279 Fertilizers, crude 911 Corn or maize, unmilled 641 Cereals, unmilled n.e.s. 341 Fertilizers, manufactured 309 Inorganic chemical elements 257 Stone, sand, and gravel 205 Paper and paperboard 128 Inorganic chemicals 68 Feeding-stuff for animals 59 All other 570 Non-Liner Imports - Total 19,960 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Iron ore and concentrates Crude minerals, n.e.s. Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey Fruits and nuts, fresh Inorganic chemical elements Lime, cement, and fabricated building materials Stone, sand, and gravel All other 12,497 3,260 1,259 814 654 484 446 440 106 Tanker Exports - Total 1,503 Inorganic chemical elements 863 Petroleum products 334 Organic chemicals 140 All other 166 Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude Petroleum products Gas, natural and manufactured Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey All other 26,881 12,999 12,402 644 528 308 41 TRADE ROUTE NO. 20 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 638 Iron or steel plates and sheets 86 Inorganic chemical elements 71 Fertilizers, manufactured 58 Organic chemicals 55 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. 49 Iron or steel rails and railway track construction material 34 Rubber, crude 20 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 20 Pulps and waste paper 19 Wheat, unmilled 16 All other 210 Liner Imports - Total 385 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 94 Coffee 81 Wood, shaped or simply worked 74 Paper and paperboard 33 Meat in containers, n.e.s. 31 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 15 Wire products 11 All other 46 Non-Liner Exports - Total 4,306 Wheat, unmilled 1,944 Fertilizers, manufactured 1,128 Fertilizers, crude 623 Sulfur and crude iron pyrites 260 Iron and steel scrap 114 All other 237 Non-Liner Imports - Total 8 6 2 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 270 Iron ore and concentrates 244 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 139 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 56 Wood, shaped or simply worked 47 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 43 All other 63 Tanker Exports - Total 1,006 Petroleum products 421 Organic chemicals 298 Inorganic chemicals elements 146 Mineral tar, tar oils, etc. 42 All other 99 Tanker Imports - Total 352 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 209 Petroleum products 123 All other 20 43 UJ z «■ H z CO J— to CO CO o or o o o O O CO Q. O Q_ O 0. o V- or o < Q_ h- 2 2 CO 1— 0. CO _J < < < or LU _1 < H < _l < o 0- o < 2 o X I X LL < o Or or 3 O LLl CD « O (> o < or CO Z z CO 0- co -o ^ . CO to CO co CO ° ^ 3 3 3 3 3 3 Q — CD CT> _ CO CM UJ CM 00 CM rO H , N 7 O O 2 lO o 7" O O Z 3 z o TRADE ROUTE NO. 21 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Paper and pap'erboard Feeding-stuff for animals Pulps and waste paper Rice Cotton Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Organic chemicals Petroleum products Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. Rubber, crude Corn or maize, unmilled All other Non-Liner Exports - Total Corn or maize, unmilled Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Fertilizers, crude Wheat, unmilled Feeding-stuff for animals Sulfur and crude iron pyrites Petroleum products Cereals, unmilled n.e.s. Fertilizers, manufactured All other Tanker Exports - Total Organic chemicals Petroleum products Sulfur and crude iron pyrites Inorganic chemical elements Mineral tar, tar oils, etc. Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. Wheat, unmilled Corn or maize, unmilled All other 2,342 Liner Imports - Total 1,426 321 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 463 303 Iron or steel plates and sheets 226 239 Paper and paperboard 80 153 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and 139 fittings 78 Road motor vehicles and parts 74 ils 94 Beverages, alcoholic 61 93 Wire products 30 77 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, 68 rivets Rubber manufactures, finished, 28 67 n.e.s. 23 52 Manufactures of base metals, n.e.s. 23 52 Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials 22 684 All other 318 19,891 Non-Liner Imports - Total 2,602 5,168 Lime, cement, and fabricated 4,335 building material 918 3,180 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 375 2,573 Iron or steel plates and sheets 277 2,415 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 271 583 Fertilizer, manufactured 221 557 Coal, coke, and briquets 137 396 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 109 229 Road motor vehicles and parts 94 455 All other 200 3,685 Tanker Imports - Total 892 976 Petroleum products 312 747 Organic chemicals 232 600 Gas, natural and manufactured 131 378 Petroleum, crude 123 177 153 All other 94 138 103 413 45 TRADE ROUTE NO. 22 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Cotton Rice Fertilizers, crude Fertilizers, manufactured Petroleum products Corn or maize, unmilled Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. Iron and steel scrap Iron or steel plates and sheets All other 2,009 499 281 275 164 97 b7 60 56 37 36 437 Liner Imports - Total 737 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 82 Iron or steel plates and sheets 80 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc, 68 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 54 Wire products 49 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 49 Iron or steel wire 48 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.s. 44 Road motor vehicles and parts 28 Wood, shaped or simply worked 18 Rubber, crude 16 Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 13 All other 188 Non-Liner Exports - Total 23,219 Corn or maize, unmilled 8,563 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 3,668 Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled 2,768 Fertilizers, crude 2,480 Wheat, unmilled 2,077 Coal, coke and briquets 1,565 Iron and steel scrap 955 Fertilizers, manufactured 341 Feeding-stuff for animals 257 Rice 229 Non-Liner Imports - Total 2,102 Iron or steel plates and sheets 885 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 271 Sugar, syrups, molasses, hgney 226 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 201 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 166 Road motor vehicles and parts 128 All other 225 All other 316 Tanker Exports - Total 983 Organic chemicals 414 Petroleum products 261 Vegetable oils and fats, fixed 41 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 41 Fertilizers, manufactured 32 Gas, natural and manufactured 32 Mineral tar, tar oils, etc. 31 All other 131 Tanker Imports - Total Organic chemicals Vegetable oil, fixed, n.e.s. All other 404 308 48 48 47 < oo ° tec S Z O 2 Z>li- H O co < o o (/) I/) ^ 3 3 cr l_ o Q. CO in < LU UJ < _j Q 5 z £ 1 < IO * 2? s CM ^< 6 d o < UJ CD CD < o TRADE ROUTE NO. 23 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 107 Vegetables, fresh, chilled, frozen Pulps and waste paper Vegetable oils and fats, fixed Paper and paperboard Fruit and nuts, fresh Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. Crude minerals, n.e.c. All other 27 Liner Imports - Total 21 25 Gas, natural and manufactured 8 24 Coffee 5 8 Cocoa 2 7 6 All other 6 5 5 Non-Liner Exports - Total Iron or steel plates and sheets Paper and paperboard Iron or steel primary forms Inorganic chemicals All other 33 Non-Liner Imports - Total 731 588 15 Inorganic chemical elements 8 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 4 base metals 85 3 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 51 3 All other 7 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products All other 92 Tanker Imports - Total 92 Petroleum products Petroleum, crude All other 4,462 2,627 502 33 1,802 49 UNITED STATES ESSENTIAL FOREIGN TRADE ROUTES Trode Route Between NO. 24 U. S. PACIFIC PORTS NO. I U. S. ATLANTIC PORTS NO. 20 US. GULF PORTS EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA 50 TRADE ROUTE NO. 24 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 117 Vegetables, fresh, chilled, frozen 18 Pulps and waste paper 16 Iron or steel plates and sheets 10 Fruits and nuts, fresh 8 Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. 8 Organic chemicals 7 Copper and copper alloys 7 Natural abrasives including diamonds 5 Iron or steel Primary forms 4 Machinery and appliances and machinery parts, n.e.c. 3 All other 31 Liner Imports - Total 85 Coffee 29 Paper and paperboard 10 Meat in containers, n.e.s. 7 Cocoa 4 Fruits and nuts, fresh, 4 Vegetable fibers and their waste 4 Special textile fabrics 3 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. All other 21 Non-Liner Exports - Total Iron or steel primary forms Iron or steel plates and sheets Wheat, unmilled Iron or strip, hoop and strip All other 167 91 31 27 10 8 Non-Liner Imports - Total 190 Iron ore and concentrates 135 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 51 All other 4 Tanker Exports - Total Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude All other 35 35 51 UNITED STATES ESSENTIAL FOREIGN TRADE ROUTES Trade Route Between NO. 25 U.S. PACIFIC PORTS WEST COASTS OF MEXICO , CENTRAL a SOUTH AMERICA NO. 2 NO. 3 1 U. S. ATLANTIC PORTS U. S. GULF PORTS and WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA 52 TRADE ROUTE NO. 25 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Paper and paperboard Organic chemicals Paper and waste paper Wood, shaped or simply worked Chemical products and materials, n.e.c. Vegetables, fresh, chilled, frozen Inorganic chemicals Petroleum products Crude minerals, n.e.s. Wheat flour, meal and groats All other 210 Liner Imports - Total 33 30 26 19 12 7 7 7 5 5 59 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Coffee Fruits and nuts, fresh Lead and lead alloys All other 249 77 77 47 11 37 Non-Liner Exports - Total 229 Wheat, unmilled 132 Pulps and waste paper 25 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 16 Fertilizers, manufactured 10 Paper and paperboard 9 Iron or steel plates and sheets 8 All other 29 Non-Liner Imports - Total Stone, sand, and gravel Crude minerals, n.e.s. Fruits and nuts, fresh All other 2,050 907 790 288 65 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products All other 380 Tanker Imports - Total 2,539 380 Petroleum, crude 2,324 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 136 Petroleum products 79 All other (a) (a) less than 500 tons 53 TRADE ROUTE NO. 26 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 761 Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.c. 110 Pulps and waste paper 71 Wood, shaped or simply worked 61 Vegetables, fresh, chilled, frozen 59 Fruits and nuts, fresh 48 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 43 Fruits, dried 37 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 35 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 30 Natural abrasives including diamonds 26 All other 241 Liner Imports - Total 672 Road motor vehicles and parts 122 Paper and paperboard 92 Beverages, alcoholic 88 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 38 Glass 29 Iron or steel plates and sheets 20 Meat in containers, n.e.s. 19 Power generating machinery and parts, other than electric 16 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.s. 14 All other 234 Non-Liner Exports - Total 2,976 Petroleum products 1,821 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 404 Pulps and waste paper 145 Wood shaped or simply worked 126 Fruits and nuts, fresh 117 Inorganic chemicals 72 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 71 Non-Liner Imports - Total 580 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 188 Fertilizers, manufactured 156 Road motor vehicles and parts 82 Iron or steel plates and sheets 68 Paper and paperboard 25 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 21 All other 40 All other 220 Tanker Exports - Total 376 Petroleum products 288 Inorganic chemical elements 29 Organic chemicals 19 Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey 16 All other 24 Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude Mineral tar, tar oils, etc. All other 41 26 13 55 TRADE ROUTE NO. 27 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 354 Wood, shaped or simply worked 62 Pulps and waste paper 42 Fertilizers, manufactured 31 Inorganic chemicals 17 Paper and paperboards 17 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 14. Road motor vehicles and parts 11 Agricultural machinery and appliances, and parts 11 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts 10 Vegetable, fresh, chilled, frozen 7 All other 132 Liner Imports - Total 316 Meat, fresh, chilled and frozen 94 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 53 base metals Iron or steel plates and sheets 47 Iron or steel tubes, pipes, and fittings 23 Fish, fresh or simply preserved 13 Glass 10 Chemical products and materials, n. e. s. 9 Zinc or zinc alloys 7 Paper and paperboard 7 All other 53 Non-Liner Exports - Total 606 Fertilizers, manufactured 206 Wood, shaped or simply worked 179 Petroleum products 94 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 46 Iron and steel scrap 37 Inorganic chemicals 32 All other 12 Non-Liner Imports - Total Inorganic chemical elements Ores and concentrates Stone, sand, and gravel All other 1,584 1,477 44 42 21 Tanker Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled All other 124 Tanker Imports - Total 124 Inorganic chemical elements Petroleum products Petroleum, crude All other 181 86 39 38 18 57 TRADE ROUTE NO. 28 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 175 Cereal and flour preparations Iron or steel plates and sheets Crude minerals, n.e.c. Organic chemicals Paper and paperboard Pulps and waste paper Wheat, unmilled Waste from textile fabrics Wheat flour, meal and groats Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.c. All other Non-Liner Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled 1,012 Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled 80 Barley, unmilled 12 Inorganic chemicals 10 Paper and paperboard 6 All other 9 Liner Imports - Total 125 53 Textile fabrics, woven 60 13 Coffee 20 12 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and 12 fittings 6 7 Fruits and nuts, fresh 5 7 Jute r ) 7 6 All other 29 5 4 49 1,129 Non-Liner Imports - Total J_ All commodities amounted to less than 500 tons Tanker Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled All other 140 130 10 Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude Petroleum products All other 15,627 15,173 431 23 59 o Q. CO U. 0_ CO h- (/) O O O a. < < UJ Q. < li- "O _- _J _J c ac CD CD 5 c/> h- d 3 UJ X CM CM CM 1- O CM ->/\r TRADE ROUTE NO. 29 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Pulps and waste paper Feeding-stuff for animals Wheat, unmilled Hides and skins, undressed Fertilizers, manufactured Fruits and nuts, fresh Iron and steel scrap Nonferrous metal scrap Animal oils and fats, n.e.c Inorganic chemicals All other 506 282 263 213 161 156 132 119 115 113 2,ie Liner Imports - Total 2, 722 Road motor vehicles and parts 248 Telecommunication apparatus, and parts 162 Fish, fresh or simply prepared 115 Clothing, elastic or knit fabric, knit household furnishings 110 Iron or steel plates and sheets 108 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 104 Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 101 Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.s. 83 Baby carriages, strollers, wheel- chairs, toys, games, and sporting goods 80 Footwear 79 Potting 75 Sound recorders, reproducers, musical instruments and parts 71 Fruits and nuts, prepared or preserved, n.e.s. 66 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 61 Glass 60 Manufactured articles, n.e.s. 58 Vehicles and parts, other than road motor vehicles 51 All other 1,032 Non-Liner Exports - Total 30,812 Wood in the rough 10,612 Wheat, unmilled 7,050 Wood veneers, plywood boards, 5,638 etc. Iron and steel scrap 2,215 Petroleum products 1,340 Wood, shaped or simply worked 911 Barley, unmilled 664 Iron ore and concentrates 457 Cereal, n.e.c, unmilled 256 Pulps and waste paper 246 All other 1,423 Non-Liner Imports - Total 1,095 Iron or steel plates and sheets Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings 322 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 296 Road motor vehicles and parts 245 Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 219 Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels 195 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 63 Machinery and appliances , and machine parts, n.e.s. 53 Inorganic chemical elements 50 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 45 Wood, shaped or simply worked 41 All other 219 Tanker Exports - Total Gas, natural and manufactured Petroleum, crude Petroleum products Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. Wood, in the rough Mineral tar and tar oils Organic chemicals All other 785 254 248 97 75 51 50 101 Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum products Organic chemicals Petroleum, crude Vegetable oils, fixed, All other 751 477 124 81 e>5 61 TRADE ROUTE NO. 31 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled Fertilizers, manufactured Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Cereal and flour preparations Wheat flour, meal and groats Fertilizer, crude Pulps and waste paper Vegetable oils and fats, fixed Chemicals products and materials, n.e.c. Iron or steel tubes, pipes and fittings All other 308 Liner Imports - Total 39 27 18 18 18 14 14 12 10 7 131 Coffee Copper and copper alloys Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals Wood, shaped or simply worked Feeding-stuff for animals Lead and lead alloys Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey Zinc and zinc alloys Fruits and nuts, fresh All other 171 54 20 17 17 15 14 11 5 5 13 Non-Liner Exports - Total 1,608 Wheat, unmilled 1,074 Fertilizers, manufactured 155 Corn or maize, unmilled 150 Fertilizers, crude 56 Oil seeds, nuts and kernels 51 Cereals, unmilled, n.e.s. 34 Sulfur and crude iron pyrites 34 All other 54 Non-Liner Imports - Total Iron ore and concentrates Crude minerals, n.e.s. Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey Fruits and nuts, fresh All other 1,^46 926 177 103 62 78 Tanker Exports - Total Petroleum products Vegetable oils and fats, fixed Fertilizers, crude Organic chemicals All other 165 Tanker Imports - Total 55 31 25 24 30 Petroleum, crude Sugar, syrups, molasses, honey Petroleum products All other 485 254 179 40 12 63 TRADE AREA NO. 1 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Feeding-stuff for animals Wood in the rough Hides & skins, undressed Corn or maize, unmilled Meat, fresh, chilled or frozen Oil seeds, oil nuts, kernels Animal oils and fats, n.e.s. All other 436 Liner Imports - Total 171 Iron or steel plates and sheets 29 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 24 Beverages, alcoholic 19 Road motor vehicles 17 Zinc and zinc alloys 15 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 13 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 148 Iron or steel wire 473 122 73 42 31 26 14 11 10 All other 135 Non-Liner Exports - Total Corn or maize, unmilled Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled Oil seeds, nuts and kernels Wheat, unmilled Feeding-stuff for animals Iron and steel scrap Barley, unmilled All other 5,444 Non-Liner Imports - Total 2,660 1,433 Iron or steel plates and sheets 1,594 894 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 376 851 Lime, cement, and fabricated 812 building materials 155 645 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 79 368 Coal, coke, and briquets 77 242 Iron or steel primary forms 73 Fertilizers, manufactured 65 199 Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. 60 All other 181 Tanker Exports - Total Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. Margarine and shortening Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Organic chemicals All other 164 Tanker Imports - Total 100 22 14 11 17 Organic chemicals Fertilizers, manufactured, and fertilizer materials, n.e.s. All other 32 19 11 2 64 TRADE AREA NO. 2 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 62 Cereal and flour preparations Cereal flours, meal, and groats Iron or steel plates and sheets Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled Organic chemicals Wheat, flour, meal, and groats Inorganic chemical elements Machinery and appliances, and machine parts, n.e.c. All other Non-Liner Exports - Total Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled 6 All other 1 Liner Imports - Total 15 Cocoa 10 Zinc or zinc alloys 7 5 All other 4 3 2 2 14 7 Non-Liner Imports - Total Iron ore and concentrates Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. Pig iron, sponge iron, etc. Crude minerals, n.e.s. Ores and concentrates, nonferrous bars metals All other 21 9 8 62 32 9 b 4 4 7 Tanker Exports - Total (a) Cereal and flour preparations (a) All other Tanker Imports - Total None (a) Less than 500 tons 65 TRADE AREA NO. 3 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Cereal and flour preparations Iron or steel primary forms Iron or steel plates and sheets Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. Wheat flour, meal, and groats Organic chemicals Metal working machinery All other 88 Liner Imports - Total 23 21 14 3 3 3 3 18 Coffee Cocoa Special textile fabrics Iron or steel primary forms Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. All other 35 10 5 5 5 4 Non-Liner Exports - Total 279 Wheat, unmilled 132 Barley, unmilled 78 Iron or steel primary forms 24 Iron or steel plates and sheets 19 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 10 Iron or steel scrap 7 Cereal and flour preparations 5 All other 4 Non-Liner Imports - Total 49 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous base metals 23 Crude minerals, n.e.c. 11 Iron or steel plates and sheets 5 Special textile fabrics 5 All other 5 Tanker Exports - Total Finished metal structures and parts (a) Less than 500 tons (a) (a) Tanker Imports - Total 10 Sugar, syrup, molasses, honey 10 All other 66 TRADE AREA NO. 4 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total 203 Cereal and flour preparations 67 Feeding-stuff for animals 39 Wheat flour, meal, and groats 30 Iron or steel plates and sheets 24 Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. 9 Hides and skins, undressed 6 Wood, in the rough 5 Vegetables, fresh, chilled, frozen dried 5 Chemical products and materials, n. e.c. 5 All other 13 L iner Imports - Total 59 Stone, sand, and gravel 12 Beverages, alcoholic 9 Vegetables, prepared or preserved, n. e. s. 5 Zinc and zinc alloys 5 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 4 Lime, cement and fabricated building materials 3 Nonferrous base metals and alloys, n. e. s. 2 All other 19 Non-Liner Exports - Total Wheat, unmilled Corn or maize, unmilled Barley, unmilled Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Cereals, n.e.c, unmilled Iron and steel scrap All other 1,328 Non-Liner Imports - Total 322 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 37 298 Iron or steel tubes, pipes, and 255 fittings 27 130 Crude minerals, n.e.s. 15 126 Fertilizers, manufactured, and 109 fertilizer materials, n.e.s. 6 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 88 base metals 5 All other Tanker Exports - Total Barley, unmilled Animal oils and fats, n.e.c. All other 29 24 5 (a) Tanker Imports - Total Petroleum, crude All other 71 71 (a) Less than 500 tons 67 TRADE AREA NO. 5 COMMODITIES (Thousands of Long Tons) Liner Exports - Total Iron and steel scrap Synthetic resins, regenerated cellulose, and plastic materials Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Iron or steel plates and sheets Iron or steel primary forms Cereal and flour preparations Organic chemicals Margarine and shortening All other 88 Liner Imports - Total 22 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets 12 Iron or steel plates and sheets 10 Rubber, crude 8 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 8 Iron or steel wire 6 Wire products 5 Iron or steel tubes, pipes, and 4 fittings Wood veneers, plywood boards, etc. 13 All other 201 39 33 26 25 15 11 6 5 41 Non-Liner Exports - Total Iron and steel scrap Oil seeds, nuts, and kernels Corn or maize, unmilled Wheat, unmilled All other 837 Non-Liner Imports - Total 932 299 Iron or steel plates and sheets 466 234 Iron or steel bars, rods, etc. 242 152 Ores and concentrates of nonferrous 100 base metals 54 Nails, tacks, screws, nuts, bolts, 52 rivets 40 Iron or steel wire 22 Rubber, crude 21 Wire products - not insulated 10 All other 77 Tanker Exports - Total Corn or maize, unmilled All other 12 Tanker Imports - Total 12 Vegetable oils - fixed, n.e.s. All other 68 Section IV U. S. FLAG OPERATORS SERVING UNITED STATES ESSENTIAL FOREIGN TRADE ROUTES The following listing of U. S. flag operators was effective as of the time of preparation of this report and is furnished only as a general guide. Shippers and other interested parties are reminded that changes in service patterns occur from time to time and that they should check with the operators or published shipping guides for service at any given time. Trade Route No. Operator 1 Moore-McCormack Lines, Incorporated 2 Prudential Lines, Inc. 4 Moore-McCormack Lines, Incorporated Prudential Lines, Inc. Sea-Land Services 5-7-8-9 American Export Lines, Inc. Sea-Land Services United States Lines, Inc. Waterman Steamship Corporation 6 None 10 American Export Lines, Inc. Prudential Lines, Inc. 11 United States Lines, Inc. 12 American Export Lines, Inc. American President Lines, Ltd. Central Gulf Line United States Lines, Inc. 13 American Export Lines, Inc. Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. 14 Delta Steamship Lines, Inc. Farrell Lines Incorporated 15-A Farrell Lines Incorporated Moore-McCormack Lines Incorporated 15-B Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. 69 Trade Route No. Operator 16 Farrell Lines Incorporated 17 American President Lines, Ltd Central Gulf Line Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. 18 American Export Lines, Inc. American President Lines, Ltd Waterman Steamship Corporation 19 Delta Steamship Lines, Inc. Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. 20 Delta Steamship Lines, Inc. 21 Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. Waterman Steamship Corporation 22 Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. Central Gulf Lines Waterman Steamship Co. 23 Prudential Lines, Inc. Sea-Land Services 24 Prudential Lines, Inc. 25 Prudential Lines, Inc. 27 Pacific Far East Line 28 American President Lines, Ltd 29 American President Lines, Ltd Pacific Far East Line, Inc. Sea-Land Services, Inc. States Steamship Company 31 Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. Trade Area No. 1 None 2 Farrell Lines Incorporated Moore-McCormack Lines, Incorporated 70 Trade Area No. Operator 3 Moore -McCormack Lines, Incorporated 4 American Export Lines Inc. 5 None 71 Section V UNITED STATES FOREIGN TRADE The information presented in the following tables summarizing various aspects of United States foreign trade is derived from data provided by the Bureau of the Census and includes commercial and government-sponsored cargo but not military and domestic cargo. Table No. 1 Tonnage and Value of Commercial Cargo Moving in United States Foreign Trade Calendar Year 1973 (Thousands of Long Tons - Millions of Dollars) Total Liner Non-Liner Tanker Tonnage Value Tonnage Value Tonnage Value Tonnage Value Grand Total Exports Imports 631,572 84,006 51,244 49,640 281,910 25,216 298,418 9,150 226,003 39,922 28,278 22,220 178,249 15,773 19,476 1,929 405,569 44,084 22,966 27,420 103,661 9,443 278,942 7,221 Total -Essential Routes and Areas 559,028 79,659 49,123 48,445 239,150 22,798 270,755 8,416 Exports Imports 212,159 38,287 27,368 21,705 167,169 14,753 17,622 1,829 346,869 41,372 21,755 26,740 71,981 8,045 253,133 6,587 Total-All Other 72,544 4,347 2,121 1,195 42,760 2,418 27,663 734 Exports Imports 13,844 1,635 910 58,700 2,712 1,211 5.15 11,080 1,020 1,854 100 680 31,680 1,398 25,809 634 Note: Totals represent the sums of unrounded figures, hence may vary slightly from the sums of the rounded amounts. 72 Table No. 2 Commercial Cargo Moving in United States Foreign Trade and Participation of U.S. Flag Ships Therein Calendar Years 1964 - 1973 (Thousands of Long Tons) Total Liner Non-I iner Tanker Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Year Tonnage U.S. Tonnage U.S. Tonnage U.S. Tonnage U.S. Exports and Imp orts 1964 332,832 9.2 50,319 28.1 161,389 6.1 121,124 5.4 1965 371,285 7.5 49,189 22,8 171,634 4.8 150,462 5.5 1966 392,250 6.7 49,906 22.9 189,505 3.6 152,839 5.2 1967 387,586 5.3 47,933 22.2 190,367 2.8 149,286 3.0 1968 418,622 6.0 46,083 24.0 209,454 3.0 163,085 4.6 1969 427,479 4.6 41,912 23.1 212,036 2.2 173,531 3.2 1970 473,246 5.3 50,387 23.5 240,723 2.2 182,136 4.4 1971 457,434 5.3 44,209 22.9 220,741 2.1 192,484 4.9 1972 513,566 4.6 44,641 21.9 242,564 1.6 226,361 4.5 1973 631,5^2 6.3 51,244 25.8 281,910 1.6 298,418 7.4 Export s 1964 134,210 14.0 31,904 29.9 86,949 7.0 15,357 20.8 1965 137,492 11.4 29,592 23.8 88,186 5.7 19,714 18.1 1966 146,922 9.6 28,567 23.3 101,641 4.0 16,714 20.2 1967 150,291 7.7 27,830 22.1 104,137 3.0 18,324 12.6 1968 155,235 7.9 25,362 24.3 115,365 3.4 14,508 14.2 1969 159,160 6.8 23,546 23.2 120,693 3.3 14,921 9.9 1970 193,557 6.4 29,234 23.6 146,625 2.5 17,698 10.2 1971 163,456 6.6 22,730 23.4 126,027 3.0 14,699 10.7 1972 186,103 6.0 22,855 23.4 146,267 2.0 16,981 16.8 1973 226,003 6.4 28,278 27.7 178,249 1.7 19,476 18.4 Imports 1964 198,622 5.9 18,415 25.2 74,440 5.0 105,767 3.2 1965 233,793 5.1 19,597 21.3 83,448 3.8 130,748 3.6 1966 245,328 4.9 21,339 22.3 87,864 3.2 136,125 3.3 1967 237,295 3.8 20,103 22.2 86,230 2.6 130,962 1.7 1968 263,387 4.8 20,721 23.6 94,089 2.5 148,577 3.7 1969 268,319 3.3 18,366 23.0 91,343 .7 158,610 2.5 1970 279,689 4.6 21,153 23.2 94,098 1.8 164,438 3.8 1971 293,978 4.6 21,479 22.3 94,714 .9 177,785 4.4 1972 327,463 3.9 21,786 20.5 96,297 .9 209,380 3.5 1973 405,569 6.3 22,966 23.5 103,661 1.4 278,942 6.7 Note: Totals represent the sums of unrounded figures, hence may vary slightly from the sums of the rounded amounts. 73 Table No. 3 Value of Commercial. Cargo Carried in United States Foreign Trade and Participation of U.S. Flag Ships Therein Calendar Years 1964-1973 (Millions of Dollars) Total Liner Non- ■Liner Tanker Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Year Value and Imp< U.S. Value U.S. Value U.S. Value U.S. Exports srts 1964 30,003 25.8 21,296 32.8 5,932 8.6 2,775 8.8 1965 32,455 21.4 22,349 27.9 6,565 6.3 3,541 8.2 1966 36,455 22.5 24,807 30.4 8,210 4.9 3,438 7.7 1967 36,629 21.7 24,835 29.8 8,581 4.5 3,212 4.8 1968 41,064 20.7 26,843 29.0 10,824 4.6 3,397 6.6 1969 41,895 19.3 27,216 27.4 11,086 3.9 3,593 5.2 1970 49,682 20.7 33,519 28.8 12,162 3.3 4,001 5.6 1971 50,425 19.6 32,399 28.4 13,167 3.1 4,859 5.5 1972 60,529 18.4 37,383 27.7 17,397 2.4 5,749 6.2 1973 84,006 18.9 49,640 29.1 25,216 2.5 9,150 9.1 Exports 1964 16,767 28.7 12,016 35.1 3,699 11.2 1,052 17.8 1965 17,321 24.3 12,226 30.1 3,737 8.3 1,358 15.5 1966 18,737 25.3 12,928 33.0 4,709 6.2 1,099 16.5 1967 18,819 24.0 13,086 31.5 4,745 6.0 989 11.3 1968 19,528 23.2 13,318 30.5 5,290 6.7 920 12.8 1969 19,972 21.4 13,496 28.3 5,483 6.7 993 10.0 1970 24,488 21.0 16,446 28.8 6,805 4.4 1,237 8.6 1971 22,653 19.7 14,858 27.3 6,597 4.9 1,198 8.0 1972 25,592 18.7 16,008 26.8 8,268 3.7 1,316 14.7 1973 39,922 18.0 22,220 29.1 15,773 2.9 1,929 12.9 Imports 1964 13,236 22.1 9,280 29.8 2,233 4.2 1,723 3.4 1965 15,134 18.1 10,123 25.1 2,828 3.7 2,183 3.8 1966 17,718 19.6 11,879 27.6 3,501 3.2 2,338 3.6 1967 17,809 19.2 11,749 27.9 3,836 2.7 2,224 2.0 1968 21,536 18.5 13,525 27.6 5,534 2.6 2,477 4.3 1969 21,965 17.3 13,720 26.5 5,585 1.2 2,600 3.3 1970 25,194 20.4 17,073 28.8 5,357 1.8 2,764 4.3 1971 27,772 19.4 17,541 29.3 6,570 1.2 3,661 4.7 1972 34,937 18.1 21,375 28.3 9,129 1.2 4,433 3.6 1973 44,084 19.8 27,420 29.1 9,443 2.4 7,221 8.2 Note: Totals represent the sum of unrounded figures, hence may vary slightly from the sums of the rounded amounts. 74 GLOSSARY OF TERMS - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION Bale Cubic The number of cubic feet of space on a ship available for baled or packaged cargo, measured horizontally between the frames of the ship and vertically to the underside of the beams which support the deck. Broken Stowage That portion of the cubic capacity of the vessel which is not used or occupied by cargo due to space between and around packages or is occupied by dunnage. Broken stowage varies with the kinds of cargo and for general cargo averages about 10 to 15 percent of the space occupied by the cargo. Cargo Preference Laws Laws which require that a fixed percent of the cargo generated by Government-sponsored programs be carried in United States flag ships. Included in this category are Department of Agriculture shipments under Public Law 480, Agency for International Development, Export-Import Bank, and the Inter-American Development Bank programs. Cargo Tonnage Classified as either "weight" or "measurement." A "weight" ton of cargo is 2,240 pounds, and a "measurement" ton of cargo is 40 cubic feet. Freight rates on general cargo are usually quoted in dollars per ton, weight or measurement, at the ship's option. This mean's that the specified rate per ton will be applied either to a weight ton or to a measurement ton, whichever will result in the higher revenue, depending upon whether a weight ton of the cargo occupies less or more than 40 cubic feet. Commodity Stowage Factor A figure which represents the number of cubic feet occupied by one weight ton of a particular commodity, including packaging. 75 Deadweight Tonnage The term "Total (vessel) Deadweight" is used to express the total weight- carrying capacity of a ship including cargo, fuel oil, fresh water, stores, crews, etc. The difference between loaded displacement and light displacement. "Cargo Deadweight" is used to express the cargo carrying capacity of the ship. Displacement, Light The weight, in tons of 2,240 pounds, of a vessel excluding cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage, and other items necessary for use on a voyage. Displacement, Loaded The weight, in tons of 2,240 pounds, of a vessel including cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage, and other items necessary for use on a voyage which brings the vessel down to its maximum permissible draft. Dry Cargo General - Miscellaneous goods packed in boxes, bags, bales, barrels, containers, crates, drums, unboxed or uncrated, accepted and delivered by mark and count. Bulk - Commodities customarily loaded and carried without wrappers or con- tainers, and received and delivered without transportation mark or count whether such cargo is handled on berth terms, voyage charter, or any other basis . Essential Trade Route (Area) A route between ports in a United States coastal area or areas and a specific foreign coastal area or areas which has been determined by the Maritime Administration to be essential for the promotion, development, expansion, and maintenance of the foreign commerce of the United States. Export or Outbound Tonnage Cargo, including that for transshipment or re-export, loaded at a United States port for discharge at a foreign port. 76 Export Value Value at time and place of export, based on the selling price (or cost if not sold), including inland freight, insurance, and other charges to the United States port of exportation. Grain Cubic The maximum number of cubic feet of space available on a ship for grain or other dry bulk cargo, the measurement being taken to the inside of the sheel plating of the ship and to the underside of deck plating. Gross Tonnage The entire internal cubic capacity of a ship expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet to the ton, except for certain spaces such as inner bottom tanks, peak and other tanks for water ballast, open forecastle bridge and poop, shelter deck spaces, excess of hatchways, certain light and air spaces, domes and skylights, wheelhou^e, galley, cabins for pas- sengers, and certain other spaces. Import or Inbound Tonnage Cargo, including that for transshipment or re-export, loaded at a foreign port for discharge at a United States port. Import Value Market value in the foreign country, excluding U.S. import duties, freight charges from the foreign country to the United States, and insurance. Liner, Berth, or Regular Service These terms, often used interchangeably, have reference to a service pro- vided by a common carrier operating on a definite, advertised schedule, giving relatively frequent sailings at a regular intervals between specific United States ports or range and designated foreign ports or range. Liquid Cargo Bulk - Commodities in liquid form transported in tankers or in deep tanks of dry cargo ships. 77 Non-Liner, Irregular, or Tramp Service These terms have reference to operations of ships on an unscheduled basis as cargo offers, usually carrying full cargo lots, generally of a single bulk commodity, with no restricted trading limits. Ships, Types of Barge Carrying Ships - Ships which will load, carry, and unload fully loaded specially designed lighters or barges. Examples of this type are the "LASH' ships and the "Seabees." Breakbulk Ships - Ships which are designed to carry a variety of general cargo as opposed to a specialty ship such as a tanker or a containership . Bulk Carriers - Ships carrying dry bulk cargoes such as wheat and coal - as distinguished from tankers, another form of bulk carrier. Catamaran - a double hulled craft. Combination Passenger-Cargo Ship - Any vessel designed for carriage of passengers (in excess of 12) and general cargo. Containership - A ship with special features and/or arrangements whose basic function is the carriage of containers, even though other types of cargo can be handled. Capacity often expressed in Twenty-foot Equivalent Unites (TEU's). Express Passenger Ships or Super-Liners - A ship such as the SS UNITED STATES designed primarily for carriage of passengers, mails, express goods, and high-grade freight with relatively small cargo space, large passenger capacity and extraordinary speed. Hydrofoil - A craft with metal plates or fins attached by struts fore and aft for lifting the hull clear of the water as speed is attained. Nuclear Ship - nuclear-powered merchant vessel. 0B0 - Ore/Bulk/Oil vessel; also Ore/Oil vessel variation Partial Containership - A ship in which the shipowner has made special provisions for the carriage of a limited number of containers either at the time of the original construction, or through modification of exist- ing ships. Container handling features may take the form of cell guides in one or more holds, deck fittings, or any other ship modification for this purpose. Reefer Ship - A specially constructed vessel, fully refrigerated, for use in the carriage of perishable foods. 78 RO/RO - Roll O n/Roll Off vessel - a vessel designed with ramps and large port openings on which the primary cargo handling method is rolling on wheels - cargoes may be unitized, containerized, or the wheeled (or tracked) vehicles themselves. Surface Effect Ship - A ship, th bulk of whose weight is supported by a cushion of pressurized air constrained beneath the hull. These 'ships are either "aerostatic" or "aerodynamic." Aerostatic ships generate their lift (aircushion) by mechanical means (lift fans). Aerodynamic ships generate their aircushion by aerodynamic forces acting on airfoil shaped decks and hulls. Tank Ship - A ship designed to carry liquid cargoes in bulk quantities, especially petroleum; tanker. Subsidized This term signir i.es that service is being provided under an operating- differential subsidy contract for United States flag service on an essential United States foreign trade route (area) . Trade Route (Area) A trade route (area) is a specifically designated channel through which the commerce of the United States flows between a particular United States coastal area or areas and a specific foreign coastal area or areas 79 PENN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES Dfl7 ADDDD712bS