// 
 
 &* ° f Co. 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 Voluntary 
 
 Product 
 
 Standard 
 
 PS 73-77 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Bureau of Standards 
 
 CARBONATED 
 SOFT DRINK BOTTLES 
 
 [AMERICAN NATIONAL] 
 ISTANOAROHV 
 
 ANSI/VPS PS 73-77 
 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary 
 
 Dr. Sidney Harman, Under Secretary 
 
 Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology 
 
 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director 
 
 Voluntary Product Standard 
 PS 73-77 
 
 Carbonated Soft Drink Bottles 
 
 Approved by the American National Standards Institute on 
 
 November 23, 1977, as American National Standard ANSI/VPS PS 73-77 
 
 Abstract 
 
 This Voluntary Product Standard covers conventional returnable and nonreturn- 
 able glass bottles manufactured from soda-lime-silica glass with nominal capacity of 
 up to and including 36 fluid ounces, intended for use in the packaging of soft drinks 
 carbonated to a maximum of five volumes. This standard also covers conventional 
 returnable and nonreturnable glass bottles manufactured from soda-lime-silica glass 
 and nominal capacity in excess of 36 fluid ounces, but not in excess of 68 fluid ounces, 
 intended for use in packaging soft drinks carbonated to a maximum of four volumes. 
 The standard provides manufacturing requirements for temper number, thermal shock 
 resistance, internal pressure strength, simulated impact resistance, abrasion resistance, 
 detection of visual defects, wall thickness, dimensional tolerances for height and major 
 body diameter, tolerances for capacity and weight, perpendicularity, bottom character- 
 istics, and bottle identification. A statement to be used on manufacturing orders and 
 invoices specifying the maximum carbonation volumes intended for use with the bottles 
 is included. 
 
 These requirements apply only to glass containers currently being used and 
 described as conventional containers; they do not apply to bottles which are plastic clad 
 or encapsulated, chemically tempered, or the result of other novel or innovative engi- 
 neering or design developments. Definitions of the trade terms used and methods for 
 identifying products which conform to this standard are included. Included in an ap- 
 pendix is information showing the relation of apparent to real temper number. 
 
 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S. Prod. Stand. 73-77, 11 pages (Dec. 1977) 
 CODEN: XNPSAX 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wasnington, D.C. 20402 
 I Order by SD Catalog No. C13.20/2 :73X77). Stock No. 003 003-01877 5. Price 80 cents. 
 (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing). 
 
 •ft U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 O— 261-071 
 
O 
 
 v 
 c 
 
 ■-.- 
 
 VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARDS 
 
 Voluntary Product Standards are developed under procedures published by the Department 
 of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of the Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose of the 
 standards is to establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and to provide all 
 concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the characteristics of the prod- 
 ucts. The National Bureau of Standards administers the Voluntary Product Standards pro- 
 gram as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing organizations. 
 
 Establishment of a VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARD 
 
 The role of the National Bureau of Standards in the establishment of a Voluntary Product 
 Standard is to (1) act as an unbiased coordinator in the development of the standard, (2) pro- 
 vide editorial assistance in the preparation of the standard, (3) supply such assistance and 
 review as is required to assure the technical soundness of the standard, (4) seek satisfactory 
 adjustment of valid points of disagreement, (5) determine the compliance with the criteria of 
 the Department's procedures, (6) provide secretarial functions for each committee appointed 
 under the Department's procedures, and (7) publish the standard as a public document. 
 
 Producers, distributors, users, consumers, and other interested groups contribute to the 
 establishment of a Voluntary Product Standard by (1) initiating and participating in the 
 development of the standard, (2) providing technical or other related counsel as appropriate 
 relating to the standard, (3) promoting the use of and support for the standard, and (4) 
 assisting in keeping the standard current with respect to advancing technology and market- 
 ing practices. 
 
 Use of a VOLUNTARY PRODUCT STANDARD 
 
 The use of a Voluntary Product Standard is voluntary; the National Bureau of Standards 
 has no regulatory power in the enforcement of the provisions of the standards. However, 
 since the standards represent a consensus of all interested groups, their provisions are likely to 
 become established as trade customs. In addition, when a standard is made a part of a legal 
 document, such as a sales contract or code, compliance with the standard is enforceable. 
 
 The benefits derived from Voluntary Product Standards are in direct proportion to their gen- 
 eral recognition and actual use. Producers and distributors whose products meet the require- 
 ments of a Voluntary Product Standard may refer to the standard in advertising and on labels 
 to promote greater public understanding of or confidence in their products. Purchasers may 
 order products conforming to the requirements of the standards. 
 
 For copies of the Voluntary Product Standards procedures or for more information concern- 
 ing the development and use of these standards, you may write to: Standards Development 
 Services Section, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234. 
 
Contents 
 
 Page 
 
 1. Purpose 1 
 
 2. Scope 1 
 
 3. Definitions 1 
 
 4. Requirements : 2 
 
 4.1. General 2 
 
 4.2. Temper number 2 
 
 4.3. Thermal shock resistance 3 
 
 4.4. Internal pressure strength 4 
 
 4.5. Simulated impact resistance 4 
 
 4.6. Abrasion resistance (applicable only to nonreturnable bottles) 5 
 
 4.7. Inspection of visual defects 5 
 
 4.8. Wall thickness 5 
 
 4.9. Dimensions and weight 6 
 
 4.10. Bottle identification marks 7 
 
 5. Intended use 8 
 
 6. Effective date and identification 8 
 
 7. History 8 
 
 8. Standing committee 8 
 
 Appendix A: Relation of Apparent to Real Temper Number 11 
 
 Appendix B: Metric Equivalents 11 
 
 11 
 
Voluntary Product Standard PS 73-77 
 
 Carbonated Soft Drink Bottles 
 
 Effective September 15, 1977 (See section 6.) 
 
 (This Standard, initiated by the National Soft Drink Association and the Glass Packaging Insti- 
 tute, Inc., has been developed under the Procedures for the Development of Voluntary Product 
 Standards of the U.S. Department of Commerce.) 
 
 1. PURPOSE 
 
 The purpose of this Voluntary Product 
 Standard is to improve safety performance by 
 establishing nationally recognized manufactur- 
 ing requirements for conventional glass bottles 
 designed as containers for carbonated soft 
 drinks. This Standard is intended to provide 
 producers, distributors, users and other inter- 
 ested groups with a basis for common under- 
 standing of the characteristics of these prod- 
 ucts. 
 
 2. SCOPE 
 
 This Voluntary Product Standard covers con- 
 ventional returnable and nonreturnable glass 
 bottles manufactured from soda-lime-silica 
 glass with nominal capacity of up to and in- 
 cluding 36 fluid ounces, 1 intended for use in the 
 packaging of soft drinks carbonated to a maxi- 
 mum of five volumes. This Standard also covers 
 conventional returnable and nonreturnable 
 glass bottles manufactured from soda-lime- 
 silica glass with nominal capacity in excess of 
 36 fluid ounces, 1 but not in excess of 68 fluid 
 ounces, intended for use in packaging soft 
 drinks carbonated to a maximum of four vol- 
 umes. The Standard provides manufacturing 
 requirements for temper number, thermal 
 shock resistance, internal pressure strength, 
 simulated impact resistance, abrasion resis- 
 tance, detection of visual defects, wall thickness, 
 dimensional tolerances for height and major 
 body diameter, tolerances for capacity and 
 weight, perpendicularity, bottom characteris- 
 tics, and bottle identification. A statement to be 
 used on manufacturing orders and invoices 
 specifying the maximum carbonation volumes 
 intended for use with the bottles is included. 
 
 These requirements apply only to glass con- 
 tainers currently being used and described as 
 conventional containers ; they do not apply to 
 bottles which are plastic clad or encapsulated, 
 chemically tempered, or the result of other 
 novel or innovative engineering or design de- 
 
 velopments. 2 Definitions of the trade terms 
 used and methods for identifying products 
 which conform to this Standard are included. 
 Included in an appendix is information show- 
 ing the relation of apparent to real temper 
 number. 
 
 Note: As an aid in correlating U.S. customary 
 units to metric units, conversion factors 
 for the units used in this Standard are 
 given in appendix B. 
 
 3. DEFINITIONS 
 
 3.1. Returnable bottle — A returnable bottle 
 is one which is manufactured to have the me- 
 chanical characteristics to provide for multiple 
 service trips as a carbonated soft drink con- 
 tainer. 
 
 3.2. Nonreturnable bottle — A nonreturnable 
 bottle is one which is manufactured to have the 
 mechanical characteristics to provide for one 
 service trip as a carbonated soft drink con- 
 tainer. 
 
 3.3. Carbonation volumes — Carbonated soft 
 drinks are "carbonated" by dissolving carbon 
 dioxide in water which is to become a part of 
 the soft drink, or in the completely formulated 
 soft drink itself. One volume of carbon dioxide 
 gas will be absorbed by an equal volume of 
 water at 60 °F and zero psi gage pressure (one 
 atmosphere) ; correspondingly, at 60 °F four 
 volumes of carbon dioxide gas will be absorbed 
 by water at 45 psi gage pressure (four atmo- 
 spheres) and five volumes will be absorbed at 
 60 psi gage pressure (five atmospheres). 
 
 3.4. Visual inspection — Visual inspection is 
 the procedure which subjects bottles being pro- 
 duced to inspection by a person who detects 
 and discards bottles which have observable de- 
 fects. 
 
 1 These bottle size ranges include the metric capacities of 1 liter 
 (33.82 fluid ounces) and 2 liters (67.63 fluid ounces). 
 
 2 The Standard Review Committee recognizes need for and rec- 
 ommends the future development of a voluntary standard for 
 plastic clad or encapsulated bottles or other newly developed 
 techniques. 
 
3.4.1. Automatic inspection — Automatic in- 
 spection is the procedure which subjects every 
 bottle being produced to scanning by mechani- 
 cal, optical, or electronic means or stress load- 
 ing, in order to discard bottles with defects 
 which are detectable by these means. 
 
 3.5. Visual defects — Visual defects are the 
 significant discontinuities or irregularities in the 
 glass container which can be detected by visual 
 inspection. Examples of such defects are cracks 
 or stones. 
 
 3.6. Perpendicularity — The perpendicularity 
 of a bottle is the total horizontal deviation of 
 the top of the bottle from the perpendicular 
 when rotated through 360° about the vertical 
 axis (see fig. 1). 
 
 3.7. Standard crown finish — The standard 
 crown finish is the upper portion of bottles 
 designed to accept a fluted crown whose edges 
 are crimped over the bottle opening (see fig. 1). 
 
 3.8. Thread finish— The thread finish is the 
 upper portion of those bottles which are de- 
 signed to accept a closure over external threads 
 (see fig. 1). 
 
 3.9. Bearing ring — The bearing ring is the 
 portion of the bottle base which contacts the 
 supporting surface when the bottle is in an up- 
 right position. The contact area is on or adja- 
 cent to the outer circumference of the con- 
 tainer (see fig. 1). 
 
 3.10. Knurling — Knurling is a pattern of 
 small projections on the bottom surface of the 
 bottle (see fig. 1, Bearing Ring). 
 
 3.11. Cavity number — The cavity number is 
 the code that identifies the individual blow 
 mold that forms the bottle. 
 
 3.12. Lower specification value — The lower 
 specification value is the value which for the 
 purpose of process control defines the lower 
 limit below which a re-sampling procedure is 
 to be instituted. 
 
 3.13. Nominal capacity — Nominal capacity 
 is that fluid content as stated on the label of 
 the product or embossed in the bottle. 
 
 3.14. "Round" of bottles— A "round" is one 
 container from each producing cavity of the 
 forming machine. 
 
 3.15. Reject — A reject is a bottle that is 
 discarded from production and not shipped to 
 users. 
 
 3.16. Lower sidewall — The lower sidewall is 
 the lower section of the exterior bottle wall 
 commencing with the tangent curve connecting 
 into the base (bottom) of the bottle. 
 
 3.17. Bottle sidewall— The bottle sidewall is 
 the vertical length as measured between the 
 base tangent connecting point and the shoulder 
 tangent connecting point of the bottle exterior 
 (see fig. 1) . 
 
 3.18. Qualified inspection and testing agen- 
 cy — A qualified inspection and testing agency 
 is one that (a) has the facilities and trained 
 technical personnel to perform reliable test- 
 ing; (b) has developed standard procedures 
 which are followed by its personnel in the eval- 
 uation of performance; (c) has no financial in- 
 terest in, nor is financially dependent upon, any 
 single company manufacturing the product or 
 equipment being tested or any portion thereof; 
 and (d) is not owned, operated, or controlled 
 by any such company. 
 
 4. REQUIREMENTS 
 
 4.1. General — Products represented as con- 
 forming with this Voluntary Product Standard 
 shall, at the time of manufacture, meet all of 
 the applicable requirements specified in section 
 4. The inspection and test procedures contained 
 in this Standard are for use to determine the 
 conformance of products to the requirements 
 of this Voluntary Product Standard. Each pro- 
 ducer who represents his product as conform- 
 ing to this Standard shall keep such essential 
 records for at least one year as are necessary 
 to document his claim that the requirements 
 of the Standard have been met. Conformance 
 with this Standard is not to be interpreted to 
 mean that all bottles in a shipment will be free 
 of defects. 
 
 4.2. Temper number — The bottles shall, 
 after annealing, show no greater than Real 
 Temper Number 4 when examined under po- 
 larized light and compared to standard disks in 
 accordance with American Society for Testing 
 and Materials (ASTM) C 148-71, Standard 
 Methods for Polar iscopic Examination of Glass 
 Containers. 3 The relationship between real and 
 apparent temper is shown in appendix A. At 
 least one bottle shall be taken from each side 
 and center of the annealing lehr at least every 
 2 hours during manufacture and tested for 
 temper number. 
 
 3 Later issues of this publication may be used providing the 
 requirements are applicable and consistent with the issue desig- 
 nated. Copies of this publication are obtainable from the American 
 Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania 19103. 
 
-+l k Perpendicularity 
 Thread finish | | Standard Crown Finish 
 
 Knurling 
 
 Bearing Ring 
 NOTE: Base Identification Marks 
 
 (a) Manufacturer's Symbol 
 
 (b) Item No. (Optional) 
 
 (c) Year of Manufacture 
 
 (d) Cavity No. (Large, if space) 
 
 (e) Manufacturer's Plant No. 
 
 (This illustration gives the sequence only of 
 identification marks oriented from the 
 Manufacturer's Symbol; but the sequence may 
 appear on the base or lower sidewall depending 
 on bottle design) 
 
 Figure 1. Soft drink bottle. 
 
 If a bottle from a certain row fails to meet 
 the prescribed temper numbers, bottles from 
 the adjacent row or rows shall be examined to 
 identify and bracket all non-conforming bot- 
 tles. The row or rows containing- non-conform- 
 ing bottles produced after the test failure shall 
 be either rejected or re-annealed to conform to 
 the ASTM standard until the condition causing 
 the failure has been corrected. Correction will 
 be indicated when two bottles, selected from 
 each non-conforming row, pass the polariscopic 
 examination. 
 
 Upon initial failure, all pallets loaded with 
 bottles produced from that annealing lehr since 
 the last satisfactory test shall be quarantined. 
 The quarantined bottles from the questioned 
 row or rows either may be rejected or shall be 
 qualified for acceptance by testing in sets of 
 two bottles selected in reverse order of produc- 
 tion beginning with those last produced, until 
 
 both bottles of the test pair indicate confor- 
 mance. All non-conforming bottles so tested will 
 be either re-annealed to conform or rejected. 
 The quarantine shall then be removed. 
 
 4.3. Thermal shock resistance — The bottles 
 shall withstand a hot to cold thermal shock of 
 75 °F differential, from a hot water bath of 
 145 ± 2 °F with a transfer time of 15 seconds 
 (± 1 second) into a cold bath of 70 ± 2 °F 
 in accordance with ASTM C 149-71, Standard 
 Method of Thermal Shock Test on Glass Con- 
 tainers. 3 A round of bottles shall be taken from 
 the lehr at least every 4 hours during manu- 
 facture and tested for thermal shock resistance. 
 
 If a bottle fails to pass the thermal shock 
 test, four additional bottles selected from the 
 next succeeding production of the represented 
 cavity or cavities shall be tested. If a failure oc- 
 curs among the four bottles selected for retest, 
 
all bottles being produced from the represented 
 cavity or cavities shall be rejected until the 
 condition causing the failure has been cor- 
 rected. Correction will be indicated when all 
 four bottles of a retest lot pass the thermal 
 shock test. 
 
 Upon initial retest failure, all pallets loaded 
 with bottles produced from the represented 
 cavity or cavities since the last satisfactory test 
 shalf be quarantined. The quarantined bottles 
 from the represented cavity or cavities either 
 may be rejected or shall be qualified for accep- 
 tance by testing in groups of four in reverse 
 order of production beginning with those last 
 produced following the test procedure described 
 above until all four bottles of the test group 
 indicate conformance. All bottles from any test 
 group that did not indicate conformance when 
 so tested shall be rejected. The quarantine shall 
 then be removed. 
 
 4.4. Internal pressure strength — Return- 
 able bottles shall withstand a minimum internal 
 pressure of 225 psi and nonreturnable bottles 
 shall withstand a minimum internal pressure 
 of 200 psi. A round of bottles shall be taken 
 at least every 2 hours from the lehr during 
 manufacture for all sizes 36 fluid ounces and 
 under, and at least hourly during manufacture 
 on all sizes over 36 fluid ounces, and tested for 
 internal pressure strength using one of the 
 following methods : 
 
 (a) the 1-minute sustained pressure test in 
 which pressure is sustained for 1 minute 
 at each level, starting at 150 psi, at in- 
 crements of 12.5 psi up to and including 
 200 psi and at 25 psi increments there- 
 after, in accordance with Method A of 
 ASTM C 147-69, Internal Pressure Test 
 on Glass Containers* 
 
 (b) the increment pressure test, in accor- 
 dance with Method A of ASTM C 147-69, 
 Internal Pressure Test on Glass Con- 
 tainers* and in which case the load du- 
 ration is 3 seconds at each level starting 
 at 150 psi and the actual applied pres- 
 sure is 1.23 times the levels specified in 
 the 1-minute sustained pressure test in 
 4.4(a). For example, for the levels of 
 225 and 200 psi, the actual applied pres- 
 sures in the bottle are 278 and 247 psi, 
 respectively. 
 
 (c) the continuously increasing test, some- 
 times called the ramp test, in accor- 
 dance with Method B of ASTM C 147-69, 
 Internal Pressure Test on Glass Con- 
 
 tainers? and in which the 1-minute 
 equivalent pressure is increased at a 
 constant rate of 60 psi per second start- 
 ing at zero psi and ending at the 1- 
 minute equivalent pressure as specified 
 in the requirement. The actual pressure 
 applied in the bottle is given by the fol- 
 lowing equation : 
 
 P R = 1.38 P G0 + 25.9, 
 
 in which P R is the actual pressure applied 
 in the bottle, and P G0 is the 1-minute 
 equivalent pressure as indicated by the 
 ramp pressure test machine. 
 
 Note: Both the increment pressure test- 
 er and the ramp tester read out 
 in equivalent to 1-minute pressure 
 strength. 
 
 A producer may use automatic random off- 
 line pressure testing to conform with this sec- 
 tion provided the procedures utilized will give 
 results equivalent to those specified in (c) 
 above, as certified by a qualified inspection and 
 testing agency. 
 
 If a bottle fails to meet the internal pressure 
 test, four additional bottles selected from the 
 next succeeding production of the represented 
 cavity or cavities shall be tested. If a failure 
 occurs among the four bottles selected for re- 
 test, all bottles being produced from the repre- 
 sented cavity or cavities shall be rejected until 
 the condition causing the failure has been cor- 
 rected. Correction will be indicated when all 
 four bottles of a retest lot pass the minimum 
 internal pressure requirements. 
 
 Upon initial retest failure, all pallets loaded 
 with bottles produced from the represented 
 cavity or cavities since the last satisfactory test 
 shall be quarantined. The quarantined bottles 
 from the represented cavity or cavities either 
 may be rejected or shall be qualified for accept- 
 ance by testing in groups of four in reverse 
 order of production beginning with those last 
 produced following the test procedure described 
 above until all four bottles of the test group 
 indicate conformance. All bottles from any test 
 group that did not indicate conformance when 
 so tested shall be rejected. The quarantine shall 
 then be removed. 
 
 4.5. Simulated impact resistance — All bot- 
 tles shall withstand a simulated impact by the 
 application of at least a 50-pound force per 
 
 4 See footnote 3, page 2. 
 
 See footnote 3, page 2. 
 
vertical inch of bottle sidewall loaded. The bot- 
 tles shall be subjected to this impact resistance 
 test around the full circumference in a suitable 
 automatic device such as the squeeze-roll tester. 
 (Bottles failing to meet this test are shattered, 
 and are thus removed from production.) 
 
 4.6. Abrasion resistance (applicable only to 
 nonreturnable bottles) — There shall be no seiz- 
 ing or audible grinding when surfaces of two 
 wet bottles are rubbed together at an angle of 
 approximately 45° under a 15-pound load at a 
 rate not to exceed 3 inches per minute. A pair 
 of bottles shall be taken from each side and the 
 center of the annealing lehr at least every 2 
 hours during manufacture and tested for abra- 
 sion resistance. The bottles shall be immersed 
 in water, two at a time, removed, and imme- 
 diately tested. 
 
 If there is seizing or an audible grinding 
 during this test, all non-conforming bottles pro- 
 duced after the test either may be rejected or 
 shall be re-treated until the condition has been 
 corrected. Correction will be indicated when 
 both bottles of a retest pair pass the abrasion 
 resistance test. 
 
 Upon initial failure, all pallets containing 
 bottles produced from that annealing lehr since 
 the last satisfactory test shall be quarantined. 
 The quarantined bottles from the annealing 
 lehr in question either may be rejected or shall 
 be qualified for acceptance by testing, in sets 
 of two, in reverse order of production begin- 
 ning with those last produced, following the 
 test procedures described above, until a pair 
 indicate conformance. All non-conforming bot- 
 tles so tested will be either re-treated to con- 
 form or rejected. The quarantine shall then be 
 removed. 
 
 As an alternate, the manufacturer may use 
 surface coating gaging devices which will give 
 the same level of process control. 
 
 4.7. Inspection of visual defects — Bottles 
 shall be free of the visual defects listed below. 
 The producer of soft drink bottles shall use 
 continuous visual inspection by trained inspec- 
 tors or automatic inspection for detecting the 
 defects listed below, except that automatic in- 
 spection devices shall be used to detect defects 
 (1) through (3) : 
 
 (1) Check finish — Shallow fractures con- 
 fined to one surface of the glass con- 
 tainer. 
 
 (2) Choked neck — Constriction of the inside 
 of the neck and finish exceeding print 
 specifications. 
 
 (3) Split finish — A crack extending from 
 surface to surface extending from top 
 of the finish downward. 
 
 (4) Birdswings — A string or strand of glass 
 extending across the inside of the bottle. 
 
 (5) Blisters — Bubbles or gaseous inclusions 
 Va inch or larger in size. 
 
 (6) Butterfly bruise — A surface crack 
 caused by a severe blow. The fracture 
 is usually curved in shape extending 
 into the glass from the outside surface. 
 
 (7) Chipped finish — An imperfection due 
 to breakage of a small fragment out 
 of an otherwise regular surface. 
 
 (8) Cracks — A break or a fracture extend- 
 ing into or completely through the 
 glass from either surface. 
 
 (9) Crizzle finish — A frosty appearance on 
 the sealing surface caused by a multi- 
 tude of fine surface fractures which 
 could prevent an adequate seal. 
 
 (10) Down finish — A sagging or irregular 
 surface which could prevent an ade- 
 quate seal. 
 
 (11) Off-set seams finish — Sealing surface or 
 finish threads misaligned to such an 
 extent that proper seal or removal 
 torque cannot be maintained. 
 
 (12) Overpress finish — Glass fin projecting 
 upward from the inside surface to the 
 extent it may be broken or chipped in 
 normal use. 
 
 (13) Stones — Unmelted batch or foreign 
 matter 1/16 inch or larger in size em- 
 bedded in bottle. 
 
 (14) Stuck glass — Extraneous glass frag- 
 ments adhering to any surface. 
 
 4.8. Wall thickness — The wall thickness of 
 the bottles shall meet the lower specification 
 values for wall thickness shown in table 1. A 
 round of bottles shall be taken from the lehr 
 at least every hour during manufacture and 
 tested for wall thickness in a manner which 
 determines the thinnest section of the bottle. 
 
 If a bottle fails to meet the lower specifica- 
 tion value, four additional bottles selected from 
 the next succeeding production of the repre- 
 sented cavity or cavities shall be tested. If a 
 
TABLE 1. Wall thickness 
 
 Returnable bottles 
 
 Major body 
 diameter (O.D.) 
 
 Lower specification values 
 wall thickness 
 
 inches 
 
 Up to and including 2-3/8 
 2-25/64 up to and including 2-25/32 
 2-51/64 up to and including 3-9/64 
 3-5/32 up to and including 3-3/4 
 3-49/64 up to and including 4-1/4 
 4-17/64 up to and including 5-1/2 
 
 inch 
 
 0.060 
 .070 
 .075 
 .080 
 .085 
 .095 
 
 Nonreturnable bottles 
 
 Major body 
 diameter (O.D.) a 
 
 Lower specification values 
 wall thickness 
 
 inches 
 
 Up to and including 2-11/16 
 2-45/64 up to and including 3.0 
 3-1/64 up to and including 3-1/4 
 3-17/64 up to and including 3-5/8 
 3-41/64 up to and including 4-1/8 
 4-9/64 up to and including 5.0 
 
 inch 
 
 0.045 
 .055 
 .060 
 .065 
 .070 
 .075 
 
 a As specified in the Scope, all bottles with nominal capacity of up to and including 
 36 fluid ounces are intended for use in the packaging of soft drinks carbonated to a 
 maximum of five volumes; all bottles with nominal capacity in excess of 36 fluid ounces, 
 but not in excess of 68 fluid ounces, are intended for use in packaging soft drinks 
 carbonated to a maximum of four volumes. 
 
 failure occurs among the four bottles selected 
 for retest, all bottles being produced from the 
 represented cavity or cavities shall be rejected 
 until the condition causing the failure has been 
 corrected. Correction will be indicated when all 
 four bottles of a retest lot pass the wall thick- 
 ness test. 
 
 Upon initial retest failure, all pallets loaded 
 with bottles produced from the represented 
 cavity or cavities since the last satisfactory 
 test shall be quarantined. The quarantined bot- 
 tles from the represented cavity or cavities 
 either may be rejected or shall be qualified for 
 acceptance by testing in groups of four in 
 reverse order of production beginning with 
 those last produced following the test procedure 
 described above until all four bottles of the test 
 group indicate conformance. All bottles from 
 any test group that did not indicate conform- 
 ance when so tested shall be rejected. The quar- 
 antine shall then be removed. 
 
 The wall thickness shall be determined by 
 the use of a suitable device such as an exten- 
 sion leg micrometer. As an alternate, the manu- 
 facturer may use automatic wall thickness 
 gaging devices which will give the same level 
 of process control. 
 
 4.9. Dimensions and weight — 
 
 4.9.1. General— The bottles shall be of 
 essentially round cross section design. Although 
 the nominal height, major body diameter, 
 capacity, and weight of the bottle may be 
 agreed upon between producer and user, the 
 tolerances for height, major body diameter, 
 capacity, and weight of the bottle as manu- 
 factured shall meet the applicable tolerance re- 
 quirements in 4.9.2 through 4.9.5. Each pro- 
 ducer who represents his products as conform- 
 ing to the dimensional and weight requirements 
 of this Standard as covered in section 4.9 may 
 utilize statistically based sampling plans which 
 are appropriate for these manufacturing pro- 
 cesses. Additional sampling and testing of the 
 product, as may be agreed upon between pur- 
 chaser and seller, is not precluded by this sec- 
 tion. Requirements for perpendicularity and 
 bottom characteristics are given in 4.9.6 and 
 4.9.7. 
 
 4.9.2. Height— The bottle height shall be 
 within the following tolerance limits : 
 
 6 
 
Nominal height range 
 
 Tolerance 
 
 
 Returnable 
 
 Nonreturnable 
 
 inches 
 
 Under 8 
 
 8 up to but not including 10 
 10 up to but not including 12 
 12 and over 
 
 inch 
 
 ±3/64 
 ±1/16 
 
 ±5/64 
 ±3/32 
 
 inch 
 
 ±1/32 
 ±3/64 
 ±5/64 
 ±3/32 
 
 The bottle height shall be measured from a 
 plane of the bottom to a plane of the top open- 
 ing using a scale calibrated to 1/64 inch. 
 
 4.9.3. Major body diameter — The major 
 body outside diameter shall be within the fol- 
 lowing tolerance limits. The ellipticity or "out- 
 of-roundness" shall not exceed that shown in 
 the second column. (See ellipticity in fig. 1.) 
 
 4.9.5. Weight— The bottle weight shall be 
 within the following tolerance limits : 
 
 
 Toler- 
 
 Ellipticity 
 
 Major body 
 
 ance 
 
 not to 
 
 diameter range 
 
 limit 
 
 exceed 
 
 inches 
 
 inch 
 
 inch 
 
 2 up to but not including 2-3/8 
 
 + 3/64 
 -1/32 
 
 0.059 
 
 2-3/8 up to but not including 2-3/4 
 
 + 1/16 
 -3/64 
 
 .082 
 
 2-3/4 up to but not including 3-5/8 
 
 ±1/16 
 
 .094 
 
 3-5/8 up to but not including 4-1/8 
 
 + 5/64 
 -1/16 
 
 .105 
 
 4-1/8 and over 
 
 ±5/64 
 
 .117 
 
 The bottle shall be measured at its largest 
 exterior barrel diameter using a caliper or 
 equivalent device calibrated to 1/64 inch. 
 
 4.9.4. Capacity — The tolerance for the ca- 
 pacity of both returnable and nonreturnable 
 bottles at the specified fill points shall be as 
 follows : 
 
 Capacity 
 
 fluid ounces 
 
 6 up to and including 7 
 8 up to and including 11 
 12 
 
 16 up to and including 17 
 24 up to and including 28 
 32 up to and including 36 
 48 up to and including 68 
 
 Tolerance 
 
 fluid ounce* 
 
 ±1/8 
 ±5/32 
 ±7/32 
 ±9/32 
 ±5/16 
 ±11/32 
 ±1/2 
 
 Capacity shall be measured with a device 
 calibrated to 1/32 fluid ounce. 
 
 
 
 Tolerance 
 
 Nominal weight range 
 
 
 (returnable and 
 nonreturnable) 
 
 avoirdupois ounces 
 
 
 avoirdupois ounces 
 
 Under 6 
 
 
 ±1/4 
 
 6 up to but not including 9 
 
 
 ±5/16 
 
 9 up to but not including ] 
 
 2 
 
 ±3/8 
 
 12 up to but not including 
 
 17 
 
 + 1/2, -3/8 
 
 17 up to but not including 
 
 22 
 
 + 5/8, -7/16 
 
 22 up to but not including 
 
 28 
 
 + 3/4, -1/2 
 
 28 and over 
 
 
 + 1,-5/8 
 
 6 The bottle size ranges include the metric capacities of 0.30 liter 
 (10.15 fluid ounces), 0.50 liter (16.91 fluid ounces), 1.50 liters 
 (50.73 fluid ounces), and 2.00 liters (67.63 fluid ounces). 
 
 The weight shall be determined on a scale 
 accurate to at least 1/64 ounce. 
 
 4.9.6. Perpendicularity — The perpendicular- 
 ity of bottles with standard crown finish shall 
 have a total indication or indicator reading of 
 less than 0.250 inch when measured with the 
 bottle resting on its base and rotated 360° 
 against a centering device. Thread finish and 
 threaded crown finish bottles shall have a total 
 indication or indicator reading of less than 
 0.188 inch. The measurement shall be taken at 
 the external horizontal surface of the finish 
 seal diameter. 
 
 4.9.7. Bottom characteristics — 
 
 (a) Push-up — The center bottom push-up 
 dimension for nonreturnable bottles 
 shall be no less than 1/16 inch. Return- 
 able bottles shall have sufficient push-up 
 to insure resting on the bearing ring 
 only. 
 
 (b) Knurling — Knurling shall be permissible 
 on the bearing surface of both return- 
 able and nonreturnable bottles. 
 
 4.10. Bottle identification marks — All bot- 
 tles shall be legibly marked to show manufac- 
 turer's identification symbol, plant identifica- 
 tion, cavity number, and year of manufacture 
 (see fig. 1). 
 
5. INTENDED USE 
 
 Intended use statement — Manufacturing or- 
 ders and invoices shall contain a statement (or 
 statements) which specifies the intended use of 
 the bottles in each shipment. One or both of 
 the following statements shall be used, as ap- 
 plicable : 
 
 (a) "Bottles with a capacity of up to and 
 including 36 fluid ounces are intended 
 for use in the packaging of soft drinks 
 carbonated to a maximum of 5 volumes." 
 
 (b) "Bottles with a capacity in excess of 36 
 fluid ounces, but not in excess of 68 fluid 
 ounces are intended for use in the pack- 
 aging of soft drinks carbonated to a 
 maximum of 4 volumes." 
 
 6. EFFECTIVE DATE AND IDENTIFICATION 
 
 The effective date of this Standard is Sep- 
 tember 15, 1977. As of the effective date, refer- 
 ence to PS 73-77 may be made in contracts, 
 codes, advertising, invoices, product labels, and 
 the like, but no product may be advertised or 
 represented in any manner which would imply 
 or tend to imply approval or endorsement of 
 that product by the National Bureau of Stand- 
 ards, the Department of Commerce, or by the 
 Federal Government. 
 
 The following statements are suggested for 
 use in representing products as conforming to 
 the requirements of this Standard : 
 
 (1) "This 
 
 conforms to all 
 
 requirements established in Voluntary 
 Product Standard PS 73-77, Carbonated 
 Soft Drink Bottles, developed and pub- 
 lished in accordance with the U.S. De- 
 partment of Commerce Procedures for 
 the Development of Voluntary Product 
 Standards. Full responsibility for the 
 conformance of this product to the stand- 
 ard is assumed by (name and address of 
 producer or distributor) ." 
 
 2) "Conforms to PS 73-77, (name and ad- 
 dress of producer or distributor)." 
 
 merous producers, distributors, consumers, and 
 others in order that they could comment on the 
 draft. The Standard was revised based on the 
 comments received by the National Bureau of 
 Standards in response to that mailing. In Jan- 
 uary 1974, a draft standard was sent to the 
 Standard Review Committee for review. Con- 
 sensus to circulate the standard for acceptance 
 was not achieved. A meeting of the Committee 
 was held in April 1974 to resolve differences. 
 Based on agreements made at that meeting, a 
 new draft was circulated to the Committee in 
 the same month. Agreement was not reached. 
 A 2-day Committee meeting was held in July 
 1974 and concluded with the Chairman agree- 
 ing to try to determine whether there was any 
 possibility of agreement between members of 
 the two proponent groups. The Chairman did 
 not arrive at any agreements between the two 
 groups. The two proponent groups held a meet- 
 ing in September 1974 in which the Glass Pack- 
 aging Institute agreed to develop a revised pro- 
 posed draft and submit it to the National 
 Bureau of Standards. After several drafts, it 
 appeared differences between the two propo- 
 nent groups had been resolved. A Committee 
 meeting was held at the U.S. Department of 
 Commerce facilities in June 1976 to consider the 
 proposed draft. Minor modifications were 
 agreed to and the draft supported unanimously. 
 A follow-up letter ballot of the Committee in- 
 dicated minor differences which were quickly 
 resolved. 
 
 The Standard designated TS 215c, dated 
 September 8, 1976, was circulated for accep- 
 tance in November 1976. Responses indicated 
 consensus among producers, distributors, and 
 consumers in accordance with the published pro- 
 cedures. The Standard was approved for pub- 
 lication bv the National Bureau of Standards 
 as Voluntary Product Standard PS 73-77, Car- 
 bonated So}t Drink Bottles, to be effective 
 September 15, 1977. 
 
 Technical Standards Coordinator 
 
 Charles W. Devereux 
 
 Standards Development Services Section 
 National Bureau of Standards 
 Washington, D.C. 20234 
 
 7. HISTORY 
 
 In January 1972, the National Bureau of 
 Standards received requests from the Glass 
 Packaging Institute and the National Soft 
 Drink Association to develop a Voluntary Prod- 
 uct Standard for bottles used by the carbonated 
 soft drink industry. 
 
 The Standard was sent in April 1973 to nu- 
 
 8. STANDING COMMITTEE 
 
 A Standing Committee has been appointed to 
 assist in keeping this Voluntary Product 
 Standard up to date. The names of the mem- 
 bers of the committee are available from the 
 Standards Development Services Section, Na- 
 tional Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 
 20234, which serves as the secretariat for the 
 committee. 
 
APPENDIX A 
 Relation of Apparent to Real Temper Number 
 
 The method used to determine the Real Tem- 
 per Number corrected to 0.160 inch for each 
 Apparent Temper Number and bottom thick- 
 ness is as follows : 
 
 The amount of stress associated with anneal- 
 ing is a function of the retardation and the 
 thickness of the light path. A convenient work- 
 
 ing formula to convert Apparent Temper to 
 Real Temper is : 
 
 Real Temper Number = 
 
 (Apparent Temper Number) X (0.160) 
 thickness in inches 
 
 Figure 2 shows the relationship between Ap- 
 parent and Real Temper Number as a func- 
 tion of bottom thickness. 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 E 10 
 
 a 
 c 
 
 oc 8 
 
 LU 
 
 Q. 
 
 | B 
 
 —I 
 
 < . 
 LU 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APT. T=APPAREIM1 
 TEMPER 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \, 
 
 \ 
 
 APT.T. 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 \W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 v\ 
 
 \ T A 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 \»v\ 
 
 iV 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 APT.T. 
 
 X 1 
 
 V s 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ; 
 
 ^ «;-0 
 
 
 \ 
 
 s S 
 
 s^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 APT.T. 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 s. 
 
 v 
 
 <* 
 
 r< 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APT. T. N 
 
 
 \ 
 
 s 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 •Nw 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.25 .075 .125 
 
 BOTTOM 
 
 .175 225 .275 
 
 THICKNESS, in inches 
 
 325 
 
 375 
 
 APPENDIX B 
 
 Metric Equivalents 
 
 The conversion factors and units contained 
 in this appendix are in accordance with the 
 International System of Units (abbreviated SI 
 for Systeme International d'Unites). The SI 
 was defined and given official status by the 11th 
 General Conference on Weights and Measures 
 which met in Paris in October 1960. For assist- 
 ance in converting U.S. customary units to SI 
 units, see ASTM E 380, ASTM Standard Metric 
 Practice Guide, available from the American 
 Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race 
 
 Street, Philadelphia, Pa., 19103. The conversion 
 factors for the units found in this Standard are 
 as follows : 
 
 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters 
 
 1 avoirdupois pound = 0.453 6 kilogram 
 
 1 pound per square inch = 6.894 
 
 8 x 10 3 pascals (N/m 2 ) 
 1 fluid ounce = 29.573 5 milliliters 
 1 avoirdupois ounce = 28.349 5 grams 
 t c = (*f - 32J/1.8 
 
 where t c = temperature in degrees Celsius 
 t F = temperature in degrees Fahrenheit 
 1 liter = 33.81 fluid ounces. 
 
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