Ciol. bO'f^Z<* Maryland Exports ■ f V v . ^^^R U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ^^^^ International Trade Administration An ita Washington, D.C. 20230 Publication August 1984 EXPORTS... . . . their importance to the United States economy Exports play an important role in our economy and in the increasingly interdependent world econ- omy. The United States is the world's largest exporter — currently selling $200 billion of U.S. goods abroad — and is the world's largest economy. With 5 percent of the world's population, our coun- try produces 24 percent of the world's industrial goods. Exporting provides a broader marketing base for U.S. firms and is considerably more important than many Americans realize. Exports currently account for 5 million jobs in the United States. On average, 25,000 jobs are generated per $1 billion of U.S. merchandise exports. Many jobs depend on exports Employment generated by exports is much great- er than the number actually employed in producing the final products shipped abroad. Exports create a large demand for employment that spreads throughout our economy. This includes all the jobs needed to produce goods and services supplied to export pro- ducers, the jobs needed by the export producers to produce exports, and the jobs needed to move prod- ucts to our ports or borders for transport to other countries. Most of the export-related jobs are in manufactur- ing and services. According to the latest estimates, 49 percent of the jobs are in manufacturing, 37 percent in services, and 14 percent in production of nonmanufactured goods. The importance of export employment varies among the industries. About one out of every eight Americans currently employed in manufacturing is dependent on exports of manufac- tured goods. About one out of every six jobs produc- ing nonmanufactured goods and one out of 24 jobs in services are export-related. Exports affect production and employment in all industries, not just in a few major export industries. For example, while the primary metals industries directly export about $6 billion of their products annually, an additional $21 billion of steel and other metals are exported in the form of American- made computers, aircraft, tractors, and other man- ufactured goods. Exports are of great importance to America's farm- ers as well. They account for $1 of every $4 of farm sales. Likewise, many jobs in the coal mining and mineral industries, as well as a considerable number in the fishing industry, are dependent on overseas sales. Exports also support employment in the truck- ing, rail transport, insurance, and other service industries. Exports essential But the basic importance of exports is that they are the principal means by which America pays for its purchases from foreign countries. The United States imports proportionately far less than other major countries, but imports have become increas- ingly important to the American standard of living — and they have to be paid for. The other major indus- trial nations generally cover the cost of the goods they import by their exports. Merchandise exports and imports each account for an average of about 20 percent of the gross national product in that group of countries. American exports, however, were only 5.9 percent of GNP in 1983, while the ratio of imports to GNP stood at 7.8 percent. This gap between exports and imports is the trade deficit, which amounted to $57.6 billion in 1983. The strength of our exports means a great deal to America. Exports are important to all the 50 states, and each state plays a significant role in meeting the need to export more. This report helps explain that role and shows the significance of exports in rela- tion to employment and production. CONTENTS Inside front Importance of Exports to U.S. Economy cover 1 Maryland's Export Highlights 2 Explanatory Notes 3 Table 1 - Maryland's Manufactured Exports, Production, and Employment, 1981 4 Table 2 - Growth in Maryland's Manufactured Exports 5 Table 3 - U.S. Manufactured Exports by State 6, 7 Map - U.S. Manufactured Exports by State 8 Table 4 - Maryland's Agricultural Exports 9 Table 5 - U.S. Agricultural Exports by State 10 Table 6 - Maryland's Manufactured Production, Export-Related Manufactures and Employment, 1981 11 Table 7 - Growth in Maryland's Export- Related Manufactures 12 Table 8 - Export-Related Manufactures and Employment by State Inside Chart - Exports of U.S. Manufacturing back Industries Related to Domestic cover Production Maryland Export Highlights Maryland's exports of manufactured goods totaled $1.2 billion in 1981, almost double the 1977 value. They rose faster than production. An estimated 12,900 jobs in Maryland were directly related to producing manufactured exports in 1981. About 13,500 additional jobs were required to produce materials and parts for incorporation in products exported from the 50 states. Thus 26,400 jobs in Maryland were dependent on exports of manufactured goods — about one of every nine manufacturing jobs in the state. Manufactured exports soared Maryland's exports of manufactures total $1.2 billion in 1981, an increase of 92 percent since 1977. The state ranked 32nd nationally in sales of these products to foreign countries. Its exports accounted for one percent of the U.S. total. Exports from Mar- yland firms rose much faster than the 34 percent increase in the state's manufacturing output during 1977-1981. Nonelectric machinery, electric/electronic equip- ment, food products and chemicals were Maryland's largest manufactured exports. These goods accounted for about three-fourths of the state's sales abroad. The leading manufactures export from Maryland was nonelectric machinery. Valued at $268 million, these shipments were nearly 18 percent of this indus- try's production. Overseas sales more than doubling from 1977 to 1981 compared to a 25 percent rise in production, this export growth accounted for 46 percent of the production expansion. Three thou- sand jobs were directly related to these exports, about 1 5 percent of total employment in this industry. Exports of electric/electronic equipment were val- ued at $252 million in 1981, up 43 percent from the 1977 total. Foreign sales represented 9.8 percent of the industry's production and generated employment for an estimated 4,000 workers. The rise in the value of exports since 1977 accounted for 7 percent of the industry growth. Manufactured food exports, valued at $191 mil- lion, were 4.7 percent of this industry's production in 1981. Exports doubled since 1977 while produc- tion expanded one-third. Overseas sales contribut- ed nearly one-tenth of this production growth and generated about 800 jobs. More than doubling in value since 1977, exports of chemical and allied products were valued at $183 million in 1981. About 1,200 workers were employed in jobs related to this industry's exports and 8.8 percent of the state's production was shipped overseas. Of the growth in output since 1977, about 15 percent stemmed from exports. The Census Bureau has estimated that the full impact of U.S. exports on Maryland's manufactur- ing activity was 11.0 percent rather than the 5.7 percent attributable to direct exports as shown in table 3. Estimates including supporting shipments of materials and parts for incorporation in products exported from 50 states are shown in tables 6 to 8. Thus, of the expanded manufacturing output gen- erated between 1977 and 1981, 19 percent — or $1 out of every $5 — was due to export-related shipments. Feed grains led farm exports Maryland's share of U.S agricultural exports in fiscal year 1982, including some manufactures of farm origin, totaled an estimated $188 million. Feed grain overseas shipments amounted to $64 million and exports of soybeans, the second leading export, increased to $46 million. The growth in exports of agricultural products from FY 1977 to FY 1982 accounted for 14 percent of the rise in farm sales and added substantially to the income of Maryland farmers. In FY 1982 the export contribution to each dollar of the state's farm sales was 18 cents. Exported coal Maryland coal exports increased in value from $39 million in 1977 to $59 million in 1981. The state (continued on back cover j U. I, Depository Copy Explanatory Notes State export statistics presented in this report are esti- mates, in contrast to national export statistics, which are compiled from export documents prepared at the time goods leave the country. This note considers the reasons for, and consequences of, that difference. Export estimates for each state are needed in order to measure the relative impact throughout our nation of changes in goods sold abroad. National export data are compiled each month in detail by types of goods sold and summarized in large commodity aggregates and overall totals — but in order to measure exports by each state of origin, which is not identified in shippers' export docu- ments, special studies are necessary. This report — one in a series of reports for each state — brings together state export estimates from studies by various U.S. Government agencies on manufactured goods, agricultural products, fishery products, and selected miner- als. Overall totals for all goods exported from each state are not shown since these studies differ in methodology, frequency, export valuation, and U.S. geographic cover- age, and the manufactures and agricultural studies some- what overlap the products covered. Manufactured Exports in this report relate to manufac- tures as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and include manufactured food, mineral fuel prod- ucts, fats, oils, firearms, and ammunition not typically part of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) definition of manufactures. For the United States as a whole, exports of these additional products totaled $28.5 billion in 1981. Exports, normally valued at the port of exportation, are adjusted to f.o.b. plant values to make accurate comparisons with production (shipments) data. The state estimates for manufactured goods are based on surveys of manufacturers conducted by the Industry Division of the Bureau of the Census. These studies are for selected years; cover the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii; and present data classified by the 20 major SIC industry groups (2-digit). Tables 1 to 3 show the value of state exports and state production, and the number of workers employed in manufacturing plants producing the finished goods for direct shipment to for- eign destinations. State economies also benefit from manufactured goods produced for ultimate export through other states, and from jobs related to manufactured exports which are gen- erated in nonmanufacturing industries. In the table below, percentages show the full impact of export-related manufactures on state employment. Tables 6 to 8 show the percent of production and the value of state export- related manufactures — direct exports plus indirect exports or the value of materials and parts incorporated in prod- ucts exported from elsewhere in the nation — and the number of state export-related workers employed in manufactur- ing plants producing these goods. Table 8 also shows the total number of workers related to manufactured exports — in manufacturing plus the number in nonmanufacturing industries supporting manufactured exports by supplying materials or services such as forwarding, warehousing, transport, and other foreign trade-related services. Agricultural Exports relate to food products other than those from marine sources, unmanufactured tobacco, and other agricultural products simply processed such as fibers, raw hides and skins, fats and oils, wine and beverages other than distilled types. The state estimates for agricultural exports are from studies prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production and sales data. Export values were obtained by multiplying each state's share of farm pro- duction by commodity times the total export value for each of the respective commodities. These annual studies are for fiscal years ending September 30 and for all states except Alaska, and show data classified by 18 commodity groups. Tables 4 and 5 show the value of state exports and the percent of farm sales. Other Exports — Fishery products, various minerals, and fuel export estimates shown in the Highlights on page 1 for selected states are from studies prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Interior, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively. Exports generally reflect shares in national exports according to state production. Annual Exports and Employment Related to Manufactured Exports Manufactured exports Manufacturing employment Total employment, including nonmanufacturing employment (million dollars) (thousands) Percent of manufacturing employment (thousands) Percent of civilian employment Maryland * 1976 641 22.0 9.1 38.4 2.2 1977 634 20.3 8.3 35.5 2.0 1980 1,198 27.7 10.9 54.5 2.7 1981 1,219 26.4 10.8 53.8 2.6 United States 1976 83,098 2,125.4 11.3 3,452.1 4.0 1977 85,796 1,990.2 10.2 3,258.2 3.6 1980 151,216 2,639.3 12.8 4,808.3 4.8 1981 164,283 2,603.8 12.8 4,794.0 4.7 * Maryland's export-related manufactures were as follows in million dollars: 1976, 1,327; 1977, 1,327; 1980, 2,282; and 1981, 2,348. About 19 percent of the increase in Maryland's manufacturing production from 1977 to 1981 was generated by growth in export- related manufactures. TABLE 1 Maryland Manufactured Exports, Production, and Employment, 1981 Maryland's leading manufactured exports were nonelectric machinery, electric /electronic equipment, and food products. • These three industries accounted for 58 percent of Maryland's total exports of manufactures. Industry group Estimated Production exports (million dollars) Exports as percent of production Estimated employment related to exports (thousands) Employment related to exports as percent of total employment Total 1 21,321 1,219 5.7 12.9 5.3 Machinery, except electric 1,512 268 17.7 3.0 15.1 Electric and electronic equipment 2,569 252 9.8 4.0 10.0 Food and kindred products 4,062 191 4.7 0.8 3.0 Chemicals and allied products 2,080 183 8.8 1.2 9.6 Primary metal industries 2,800 110 3.9 0.9 3.7 Transportation equipment 1,725 38 2.2 0.5 3.2 Stone, clay, and glass products 722 28 3.9 0.4 4.3 Printing and publishing 1,272 18 1.5 0.3 1.3 Instruments and related products 159 17 10.6 0.2 6.2 Misc. manufacturing industries 187 12 6.1 0.1 3.1 Paper and allied products 794 9 1.1 0.1 1.0 Leather and leather products 73 6 8.9 0.1 5.9 Apparel and textile products 578 6 1.0 ( 2 ) ~ Lumber and wood products 228 5 2.3 ( 2 ) — Furniture and fixtures 195 3 1.5 ( 2 ) — Textile mill products 64 3 4.7 ( 2 ) ~ Petroleum and coal products 294 ( 3 ) 0.1 ( 2 ) — Fabricated metal products ( 1 ) ( 1 ) — ( 1 ) — Rubber and plastic products ( 1 ) n — O — Tobacco manufactures ( 1 ) ( 1 ) — O — ' Total includes estimated exports, production values, and employment numbers which are withheld for certain industry groups to avoid disclosure of individual companies' data. 2 Less than 50 employees. 3 Less than $500,000. — Not applicable. TABLE 2 Maryland Growth in Manufactured Exports • In 1981, Maryland's manufactured exports totaled $1.2 billion, almost double the 1977 value. • Nearly three-fourths the increase stemmed from growth in nonelectric machinery, food and chemical products, and electric/electronic equipment exports. Export value [million dollars) Percent increase from 1977 to 1981 Pro- Exports duction Export increase as percent of production Industry group 1960 1969 1972 1977 1981 increase 1977-81 Total 1 204 362 314 634 1,219 92 34 11 Machinery, except electric 21 38 57 130 268 106 25 46 Electric and electronic equipment H 42 60 176 252 43 71 7 Food and kindred products 18 31 ( 2 ) 96 191 99 34 9 Chemicals and allied products 27 40 29 90 183 102 42 15 Primary metal industries 81 102 45 ( 2 ) 110 - - - Transportation equipment 17 56 ( 2 ) 15 38 160 -13 100 + Stone, clay, and glass products 5 8 8 14 28 102 27 9 Printing and publishing ( 2 ) 1-5 ( 2 ) 5 18 294 55 3 Instruments and related products 6 1-5 9 10 "fl7 67 46 14 Misc. manufacturing industries ( 2 ) 5-10 ( 2 ) 7 12 64 32 10 Paper and allied products H 5-10 ( 2 ) 5 9 83 19 3 Leather and leather products ( 2 ) 0-1 ( 2 ) 2 6 306 -3 100 + Apparel and textile products 4 1-5 ( 2 ) 4 6 41 13 3 Lumber and wood products 1 1-5 ( 2 ) 1 5 279 18 11 Furniture and fixtures 1 1-5 ( 2 ) 3 3 11 61 ( 3 ) Textile mill products ( 4 ) 1-5 ( 2 ) 1 3 173 87 6 Petroleum and coal products ( 2 ) 0-1 ( 2 ) ( 4 ) 2 -91 76 Fabricated metal products 8 9 11 20 5 O - — ~ Rubber and plastic products 4 1-5 ( 2 ) 45 ( 2 ) ~ -- ~ Tobacco manufactures n 0-1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) — — — 1 Totals for all years include values for industry groups which are not shown separately. 2 Not available. 3 Less than one half of one percent. " Less than $500,000. 5 1976. - Not applicable. TABLE 3 United States Manufactured Exports by State California, Texas, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan continued to be the top five exporters of manufactures in 1981. Manufactured exports totaled $2 billion or more for almost half of the 50 states. Employment Export value Percent Estimated related to (million dollars) increase exports as exports as Rank as from percent of percent of exporter 1977 to state state State in 1981 1969 1972 1977 1981 1981 production employment U.S., total — 29,210 36,608 85,796 164,283 91 8.1 7.3 California 1 2,721 2,809 9,116 18,775 106 9.8 9.7 Texas 2 1,468 1,982 5,386 11,687 117 6.5 7.2 Illinois 3 2,343 2,902 6,313 10,369 64 8.2 6.9 Ohio 4 2,338 3,054 6,028 10,353 72 8.5 7.9 Michigan 5 2,613 3,522 6,937 10,275 48 9.8 7.6 New York 6 2,296 2,795 5,833 10,155 74 8.5 6.5 Washington 7 954 1,781 2,805 9,023 222 24.5 21.9 Pennsylvania 8 1,902 2,351 4,714 8,129 72 7.1 6.9 Massachusetts 9 818 920 2,310 5,096 121 10.6 8.6 Indiana 10 998 1,404 2,942 5,008 70 7.1 7.0 North Carolina 11 739 705 2,291 4,682 104 7.5 5.0 New Jersey 12 1,114 1,328 2,881 4,469 55 6.1 5.8 Wisconsin 13 785 916 2,132 4,031 89 7.4 7.4 Louisiana 14 396 541 1,494 3,725 149 6.4 6.6 Florida 15 426 567 1,583 3,352 112 9.1 6.6 Virginia 16 581 716 1,573 3,344 113 9.3 6.7 Tennessee 17 472 679 1,501 3,285 119 8.0 5.6 Connecticut 18 659 848 1,662 3,083 85 10.2 8.2 Missouri 19 634 577 1,682 3,013 79 7.3 6.2 Minnesota 20 492 654 1,605 2,730 70 7.7 7.1 Iowa 21 412 590 1,578 2,705 71 8.1 8.2 Georgia 22 428 580 1,419 2,505 76 5.3 4.8 South Carolina 23 254 312 1,150 2,230 94 8.0 5.5 Alabama 24 318 287 895 1,936 116 6.3 5.5 Kentucky 25 345 451 1,354 1,935 43 6.4 5.1 Oregon 26 240 237 906 1,724 90 9.2 9.0 Arizona 27 157 266 680 1,639 141 13.1 15.4 Arkansas 28 204 320 626 1,604 156 8.7 6.1 Kansas 29 241 283 689 1,517 120 5.7 7.6 Oklahoma 30 158 252 639 1,515 137 6.0 7.3 Colorado 31 157 245 668 1,283 92 7.5 8.6 Maryland 32 362 314 634 1,219 92 5.7 5.3 West Virginia 33 235 295 438 1,199 174 10.0 6.1 Mississippi 34 181 236 718 1,159 61 5.9 4.6 Nebraska 35 100 134 328 945 188 6.1 6.3 Alaska 36 33-48 O 374 653 75 33.4 32.5 New Hampshire 37 74 103 290 637 120 8.8 8.9 Rhode Island 38 110 107 297 586 98 7.7 6.8 Maine 39 77 83 232 498 114 5.5 5.6 Idaho 40 35 27 246 460 87 9.2 6.8 Utah 41 48 127 173 449 159 4.6 5.8 Delaware 42 124 128 155 375 142 4.1 3.7 Vermont 43 52 52 183 229 25 6.3 6.0 South Dakota 44 13 ( 1 ) 95 185 96 6.3 4.5 North Dakota 45 7 14 73 156 114 6.6 7.9 Nevada 46 10-25 7 31 105 238 6.8 5.1 Hawaii 47 10-25 ( 1 ) 26 96 265 2.7 2.3 New Mexico 48 16 18 37 64 73 2.0 0.9 Montana 49 14 ( 1 ) 59 61 4 1.4 1.8 Wyoming 50 1-5 ( 1 ) 6 18 192 0.6 — 1 U.S. total includes values withheld to avoid disclosure for individual companies or because estimate did not meet publication standards. — Not applicable. U.S. Manufactured Exports by State All 50 states shared in U.S. exports of manufactures. Exports accounted for varying percentages of domestic production a o v> "D Q) 3 1,000 CO O 500 100 Estimated Value of Exports of Manufactures, 1981 (in millions of dollars) 12,000 p- 10,000 4* fjPjf y \ v \ N " A* \ N " vV o x vV v«V ? t^ rV *S* & \V \ N? A™ \V o x \V \ .# vO X .~ ^ 4» Estimated Exports as Percent of Production, 1981 (Indicated by shading) 0.6% to 4.9% 5.0% to 6.4% 6.5% to 9.9% 10% or more TABLE 4 Maryland Agricultural Exports' • In fiscal 1982, Maryland's share of U.S. agricultural exports totaled $1! million, one and a half times the 1977 value. • Feed grains and soybeans were the leading farm exports from the state. Estimated export! (million dollars) Percent increase Product FY 1968 FY 1972 FY 1977 FY 1982 1977 to 1982 Total 35 41 136 188 39 Feed grains and products 8 7 49 64 30 Soybeans and products 4 11 32 46 45 Poultry and products 3 2 10 24 125 Wheat and products 4 3 7 17 126 Tobacco, unmanufactured 10 11 17 15 -14 Meats and products 1 2 10 444 Vegetables and preparations 1 2 3 26 Fruits and preparations 1 1 2 133 Hides and skins (12) ( 2 ) 1 2 43 Fats, oils, and greases 1 2 2 27 Dairy products ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 1 ~ Nuts and preparations ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) n ~ Other products 3 4 12 4 -67 * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. 1 Includes Delaware. 2 Less than $500,000. 3 Not available. -- Not applicable. TABLE 5 United States Agricultural Exports by State Exports accounted for over one fourth of total U.S. farm sales in FY 1982 and for more than 25 percent of sales from 20 of the states. Illinois, Iowa, California, and Texas each exported more than $2 billion of farm products. Export value Percent (million dollars) increase Exports as Rank as FY 1977 percent of exporter to farm sales' State FY 1982 FY 1968 FY 1972 FY 1977 FY 1982 FY 1982 FY 1982 U.S., total — 2 6,315 8,050 24,013 2 39,094 63 27.5 Illinois 1 585 758 2,539 3,306 30 43.3 Iowa 2 392 620 2,042 3,026 48 28.9 California 3 413 592 1,774 2,854 61 20.6 Texas 4 551 456 1,761 2,569 46 25.4 Minnesota 5 226 347 918 1,883 105 29.4 Nebraska 6 230 283 988 1,808 83 26.4 Kansas 7 296 365 998 1,628 63 29.3 Indiana 8 252 384 1,319 1,559 18 36.6 Missouri 9 174 317 766 1,404 83 34.4 North Dakota 10 166 250 554 1,326 149 50.7 Arkansas 11 255 352 907 1,283 41 39.2 North Carolina 12 366 420 964 1,247 29 29.8 Ohio 13 194 262 957 1,052 10 31.6 Washington 14 152 163 414 946 129 33.0 Mississippi 15 164 230 648 787 21 35.8 Oklahoma 16 115 108 410 781 90 26.9 Michigan 17 92 107 318 753 137 28.2 Kentucky 18 69 132 473 731 55 24.7 Georgia 19 132 173 476 706 48 21.7 South Dakota 20 95 124 210 655 212 23.8 Louisiana 21 155 191 543 626 15 37.4 Colorado 22 63 98 239 612 156 19.6 Wisconsin 23 59 104 263 592 125 11.9 Tennessee 24 102 143 390 590 51 31.0 Florida 25 101 148 390 586 50 14.2 Montana 26 107 101 322 559 74 37.9 Idaho 27 66 91 262 551 110 24.6 Alabama 28 56 102 332 481 45 21.7 Oregon 29 49 65 182 423 132 24.1 South Carolina 30 107 135 312 407 30 35.6 Arizona 31 61 70 285 404 42 23.3 Virginia 32 80 92 225 384 71 23.5 Pennsylvania 33 65 42 137 246 79 8.3 New York 34 63 44 109 214 96 8.2 Maryland 35 35 41 136 188 39 17.9 New Mexico 36 24 28 82 121 48 13.6 Wyoming 37 8 16 38 95 154 15.8 Utah 38 14 19 55 80 45 14.7 Delaware 39 15 14 53 73 38 18.5 New Jersey 40 19 11 38 65 72 13.9 Hawaii 41 16 17 59 41 -30 8.4 Maine 42 6 5 28 28 1 6.5 Massachusetts 43 5 6 12 24 105 7.6 Nevada 44 2 4 10 22 118 10.5 West Virginia 45 6 4 11 22 97 9.5 Connecticut 46 8 12 22 15 -32 4.6 Vermont 47 2 4 3 8 138 1.9 New Hampshire 48 1 1 2 4 89 3.6 Rhode Island 49 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 1 1 11 3.1 Alaska 50 h ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 4 ) ~ — * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. 1 Commercial sales plus net Commodity Credit Corporation loans and purchases under price support programs. 2 Includes exports that were not apportioned among states. 3 Less than $500,000. 4 Not available. 5 Less than $100,000. -- Not applicable. TABLE 6 Maryland Manufactured Production, Export-Related Manufactures and Employment, 1981 • About 1 out of 9 Maryland jobs in manufacturing are due to exports. Four industries — electric/elec- tronic equipment, primary metals, nonelectric machinery, and chemi- cals — accounted for 61 percent of Maryland's export-related jobs in manufacturing. Industry group Production (million Export- related manufactures dollars) Export related as percent of production Employment for export- related manufactures (thousands) Employment for export related as percent of total employment Total 1 21,321 2,348 11.0 26.4 10.8 Primary metal industries 2,800 522 18.6 4.4 18.0 Machinery, except electric 1,512 357 23.6 4.3 21.6 Chemicals and allied products 2,080 324 15.5 2.2 17.5 Electric and electronic equipment 2,569 320 12.4 5.3 13.1 Food and kindred products 4,062 274 6.7 1.3 4.9 Transportation equipment 1,725 92 5.3 1.0 6.4 Paper and allied products 794 75 9.4 0.9 9.1 Stone, clay, and glass products 722 62 8.5 0.9 9.7 Printing and publishing 1,272 36 2.8 0.6 2.5 Instruments and related products 159 21 13.0 0.3 9.3 Lumber and wood products 228 19 8.3 0.2 5.1 Petroleum and coal products 294 15 4.9 0.1 8.3 Misc. manufacturing industries 187 14 7.3 0.1 3.1 Apparel and textile products 578 11 1.8 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) Textile mill products 64 8 12.2 0.1 6.6 Leather and leather products 73 7 10.0 0.1 5.8 Furniture and fixtures 195 5 2.3 ( 2 ) ( 3 ) Fabricated metal products n ( 1 ) - ( 1 ) O Rubber and plastic products ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 Total includes estimated production and export-related values, and employment numbers which are withheld for certain industry groups to avoid disclosure of individual companies' data. 2 Less than 50 employees. 3 Less than one half of one percent. — Not applicable. 10 TABLE 7 Maryland Growth in Export-Related Manufactures • The 77 percent growth in the value of export-related manufactures from 1977 to 1981 was much faster than the rate of expansion in production. • Half the increase in nonelectric machinery production and one-fourth the rise in chemicals output was generated by growth in export-related manufactures. Export-related manufactures (million dollars) Percent increase from 1977 to 1981 Export-related increase as percent of production Industry group 1977 1981 Export related Pro- duction increase 1977-81 Total 1,327 2,348 77 34 19 Primary metal industries 522 ~ - — Machinery, except electric 206 357 74 25 51 Chemicals and allied products 164 324 98 42 26 Electric and electronic equipment 214 320 50 71 10 Food and kindred products 136 274 101 34 13 Transportation equipment 60 92 53 -13 100+ Paper and allied products 45 75 65 19 23 Stone, clay, and glass products 32 62 95 27 20 Printing and publishing 13 36 176 55 5 Instruments and related products 13 21 65 46 16 Lumber and wood products 10 19 91 18 26 Petroleum and coal products 6 15 165 76 7 Misc. manufacturing industries 9 14 57 32 11 Apparel and textile products 9 11 20 13 3 Textile mill products 3 8 160 87 16 Leather and leather products 3 7 143 -3 100+ Furniture and fixtures 4 5 28 61 1 Fabricated metal products 43 2 V) — — — Rubber and plastic products 34 2 ( 1 ) — — — ' Not available. 2 1976. - Not applicable. Note: Totals include values for industry groups which are not shown separately. 11 TABLE 8 United States Export- Related Manufactures and Employment by State • California, New York, Texas, Pennsylvania, and Ohio led the states with the largest number of jobs related to manufactured exports. • Employment rates were highest in Connecticut, Washington, Ohio, and Delaware for jobs in all industries related to manufactured exports. 12 E xport-related manufactures Total employment Employment related to for export manufactured exports Rank as export 1977 1981 Percent increase Percent of state related as percent of Percent of related from 1977 production manufacturing civilian State in 1981 (million dollars) to 1981 1981 employment (thousands) employment U.S., total — 142,404 271,703 91 13.4 12.8 4,794.0 4.7 California 1 13,319 27,399 106 14.2 14.5 526.5 4.7 Texas 2 9,196 22,651 146 12.5 12.7 285.5 4.2 Ohio 3 11,047 18,132 64 14.8 14.7 284.0 6.2 Illinois 4 10,216 17,039 67 13.4 12.9 275.4 5.4 Michigan 5 10,975 15,512 41 14.7 14.6 218.9 5.7 Pennsylvania 6 8,955 15,485 73 13.4 13.2 284.1 5.5 New York 7 8,894 15,260 72 12.7 11.4 372.0 4.9 Washington 8 3,716 10,773 190 29.2 26.3 121.9 6.5 Indiana 9 5,784 9,692 68 13.7 13.3 140.3 5.8 New Jersey 10 4,880 8,204 68 11.2 11.9 175.0 5.4 North Carolina 11 3,883 7,808 101 12.5 9.8 150.3 5.5 Massachusetts 12 3,498 7,425 112 15.4 14.2 155.1 5.6 Louisiana 13 2,734 7,415 171 12.8 11.9 63.7 3.6 Wisconsin 14 3,607 6,590 83 12.0 13.0 114.9 5.3 Tennessee 15 2,716 5,567 105 13.4 10.3 102.5 5.3 Virginia 16 2,480 5,163 108 14.3 11.1 88.3 3.6 Georgia Florida 17 2,723 4,981 83 10.5 9.7 106.1 4.3 18 2,294 4,965 116 13.4 10.8 129.9 3.0 Connecticut 19 2,687 4,886 82 16.2 14.9 103.5 7.1 Missouri 20 2,834 4,861 72 11.7 11.1 94.7 4.3 South Carolina 21 2,117 4,194 98 15.0 11.7 76.4 5.5 Minnesota 22 2,298 4,135 80 11.6 12.4 90.9 4.5 Alabama 23 2,061 4,024 95 13.1 11.0 71.1 4.6 Iowa 24 2,228 3,940 77 11.8 12.0 60.0 4.5 Kentucky 25 2,367 3,751 58 12.3 10.6 58.7 3.9 Oregon 26 1,498 2,801 87 14.8 14.5 58.7 4.7 Oklahoma 27 1,044 2,752 164 10.8 12.4 54.5 4.0 Kansas 28 1,158 2,678 131 10.1 12.4 47.2 4.3 Arkansas 29 1,086 2,524 132 13.6 10.5 40.8 4.3 Arizona 30 1,050 2,461 134 19.7 20.5 53.7 4.4 West Virginia 31 1,108 2,361 113 19.7 14.6 30.7 4.2 Maryland 32 1,327 2,348 77 11.0 10.8 53.8 2.6 Mississippi 33 1,111 2,066 86 10.4 8.2 36.9 3.7 Colorado 34 976 1,922 97 11.1 12.7 49.4 3.3 Nebraska 35 576 1,477 156 9.5 10.0 24.4 3.3 Utah 36 416 1,050 153 10.6 10.3 20.5 3.3 Rhode Island 37 540 1,018 88 13.4 12.0 24.9 5.8 New Hampshire 38 455 994 119 13.6 14.1 24.3 5.5 Maine 39 425 924 118 10.1 9.9 20.9 4.5 Delaware 40 346 852 146 9.4 13.5 15.1 6.1 Idaho 41 381 740 94 14.7 11.7 15.4 3.9 Alaska 42 393 711 81 36.3 34.1 6.3 3.3 Vermont 43 287 451 57 12.3 11.6 10.1 4.0 Montana 44 182 327 80 7.6 7.5 7.9 2.2 South Dakota 45 130 267 105 9.1 7.9 8.1 2.6 North Dakota 46 98 242 147 10.2 11.1 7.8 2.6 New Mexico 47 109 235 116 7.2 4.6 9.5 1.7 Hawaii 48 66 232 252 6.3 4.5 6.4 1.5 Nevada 49 70 205 192 13.1 10.1 5.4 1.2 Wyoming 50 43 180 320 5.6 4.4 5.1 2.1 ft US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1984 - 421-009 - 227/776 Exports of U.S. Manufacturing Industries Related to Domestic Production, 1981 Direct Exports and Indirect Requirements to Support Exports Machinery, except electric Tobacco manufactures Chemicals and allied products Primary metal industries Instruments and related products Transportation equipment Electric and electronic equipment Paper and allied products Fabricated metal products Lumber and wood products Rubber and plastic products Textile mill products Misc. manufacturing industries Stone, clay, and glass products Food and kindred products Petroleum and coal products Leather and leather products Apparel and other textile products Furniture and fixtures Printing and publishing industries Percent of Domestic Production 10 15 20 25 Length of bars represents percent of production; values within bars denote direct exports and indirect requirements Direct exports Indirect requirements to support exports Note: Percentages shown for each industry indicate the total relative impact of exports on the domestic economy, including direct exports and goods shipped from domestic establishments for use as inputs in manufactured products exported from other establishments. Such inputs are included in domestic production industry totals. continued from page I also shipped abroad iron and steel scrap valued at an estimated $10 million and a small amount of ferrosilicon. Export-related employment buoyant Maryland's $1.2 billion worth of manufactured exports provided direct employment for an estimat- ed 12,900 workers in 1981. Those jobs constituted 5.3 percent of the total manufacturing employment in the state. From 1977 to 1981 the number of work- ers engaged in the production of manufactures was unchanged while employment directly related to exports climbed by 39 percent. In addition, an estimated 13,500 jobs were required in the state to manufacture products used by other establishments in the United States as inputs for manufactures that were ultimately exported. Thus, an estimated 26,400 jobs in Maryland were directly or indirectly dependent on export of manufactured goods. This number was 10.8 percent of all manu- facturing employment in the state. Three-fifths of the jobs dependent on manufac- tured exports were concentrated in the electric/ electronic equipment, primary metals, nonelectric machinery, and chemicals industries. These jobs accounted for one out of five jobs in the nonelectric machinery industry, one out of six jobs in the primary metals and chemicals industries, and one out of eight jobs in the electric/electronic equipment industry. An additional, 27,400 jobs were generated in non- manufacturing industries that supply materials and services supporting manufactured exports. Maryland's total employment related to exports amounted to 53,800. It is estimated that Maryland's farm employment related to exports in 1982 amounted to one out of every six farmers. This estimate assumes that the number of farmers dependent on exports corresponds to the ratio of exports to farm sales in the state. Depending on numerous variables, including the character of the product, mechanization, and degree of intensiveness of farming, it may somewhat under- state or overstate the actual number dependent on exports. STATE EXPORT REPORTS This report is one of a series of 50 prepared by the Office of Trade and Industry Information /Trade Information and Analysis, International Trade Administration on exports from the individual states. Data on manufactured and agricultural exports are presented in tabular form for a series of years. In addition, recent information is included on state exports of fish, fish products, and minerals. The statistics on 1981 exports of manufactures by state were taken from Origin of Exports of Manufac- tured Products, 1981 Annual Survey of Manufac- tures, M81 (AS)-5, issued by the Bureau of the Census in May 1983. That publication can be ordered from the Data User Services Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Wash- ington, D.C. 20233, or from any U.S. Department of Commerce District Office for $2.75 per copy. Data for earlier years were taken from similar Census reports now out of print. The information on state shares of agricultural exports was taken from various issues of Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Special compilations on exports of minerals and fuels by state were provided by the Bureau of the Mines, U.S. Department of Interior, and by the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, and on fish and fishery products by Nation- al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. H""L*