C 3 <?, Joj : Sh if/ 7 
 
 An Analysis of the Participation 
 
 of U.S. and Foreign Flag Ships in the 
 
 Oceanborne Foreign Trade of the United States 
 
 1937, 1938, 1951-60 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 
 
 The University library 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA :.TA - UNiVERtoiTY 
 STATE COLLEGE. PENNSYLVANIA 
 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 Luther H. Hodges, Secretary 
 
 MARITIME ADMINISTRATION 
 Donald W. Alexander, Administrator 
 
 Prepared by 
 
 OFFICE OF SHIP STATISTICS 
 Irwin M. Heine, Chief 
 February 1962 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. 
 
 Price 15 cents 
 
An Analysis of the Participation of U.S. and Foreign Flag Ships 
 in the Oceanborne Foreign Trade of the United States 
 
 1937, 1938, 1951-60* 
 
 Numerous studies of the American shipping 
 industry have recorded its assets and liabilities 
 as a transportation medium. Its requirements 
 have been detailed. Recommendations for main- 
 taining it in a healthy competitive status are 
 continuing. 
 
 Despite this attention, U. 
 to carry less and less of 
 foreign trade of the United 
 10.5 percent carried by U. 
 second lowest since 1921, 
 
 S. flag ships continue 
 the total oceanborne 
 States. In 1960, the 
 S.flag ships was the 
 when cargo statistics 
 
 were first recorded. The nadir of 9.7 percent 
 was reached in 1959. 
 
 In only 6 of the 40 years since 1921 have U. S. 
 flag ships carried 50 percent or more of this 
 country's foreign trade. These were the war and 
 immediate postwar years of 1943-1948, when the 
 largest segment of the world's shipping was under 
 U. S. control. 
 
 It has been said that if the cargo tonnages 
 carried by U. S. owned foreign flag ships engaged 
 in this country's overseas commerce were added 
 to those carried by U. S. flag ships, the overall 
 percentage would equal, if not exceed, 50 percent. 
 The fact is that the total just about equaled 34 
 percent in 1960. The latter percentage is com- 
 parable to those achieved by slower, smaller, less 
 efficient U. S. flag ships alone in the 11 year 
 period 1925 through 1935. 
 
 This study is divided into three parts in order 
 to present detailed cargo data reflecting the extent 
 to which U. S. flag ships participated in U. S. 
 oceanborne foreign trade, the trend of this par- 
 ticipation, and the share these ships obtained in 
 the direct commerce between the principal mari- 
 time nations which are trading partners of the 
 United States. 
 
 Part /.—An analysis of the trend of cargo 
 tonnages carried by U. S. and foreign flag ships 
 in the oceanborne foreign commerce of the 
 United States by type of service. Calendar 
 years 1937, 1938, 1951-60. 
 
 Part //.—Participation of merchant ships, by 
 flag of registry, in the oceanborne foreign trade 
 of the United States, by type of service. Cal- 
 endar year 1960. 
 
 Part ///.—Participation of U. S., national and 
 other flag ships in the oceanborne foreign trade 
 between the United States and its trading part- 
 ners which are the principal maritime nations. 
 Calendar year 1960. 
 
 'Prepared by Irwin M. Heine, Chief, Office of Ship Statistics, 
 and Muriel W. Coe, Office of Ship Statistics, Maritime Ad- 
 ministration. The charts were prepared by Russell Brown, 
 Division of Management, Office of Budget and Management, 
 Maritime Administration. 
 
 Parti 
 
 Cargo tonnage carried by ships of all flags in 
 the oceanborne foriegn trade of the United States 
 increased from 83 million long tons in 1937 to 
 273 million tons in 1960. U. S. flag ships carried 
 22 million long tons in 1937, over 71 million tons 
 in 1951, and thereafter a declining volume to 29 
 million tons in 1960. 
 
 A breakdown of cargo tonnages moved, by type 
 of service, for the years 1937, 1938, 1951 through 
 1960, is shown in Table 1. In the prewar years 
 cargoes moving in liner service accounted for 
 about 40 percent of the total U. S. oceanborne 
 foreign commerce. But as U. S. requirements 
 for raw materials and petroleum products imports 
 increased and the demand for foreign aid shipments 
 expanded, irregular (i. e., tramp and industrial) 
 and tanker services took an ever increasing share 
 of this country's total exports and imports. 
 
 (Millions of long tons) 
 
 
 1937 
 
 1951 
 
 1960 
 
 
 
 Per- 
 
 
 Per- 
 
 
 Per- 
 
 Service 
 
 Tons 
 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 cent 
 
 
 36.1 
 
 43 
 
 41.4 
 
 25 
 
 48.3 
 
 18 
 
 Irregular. . 
 
 18.0 
 
 22 
 
 68.6 
 
 41 
 
 108.5 
 
 40 
 
 
 28.8 
 
 35 
 
 56.2 
 
 34 
 
 116.0 
 
 42 
 
 Total. 
 
 82.9 100 
 
 166.2 
 
 100 
 
 272.8 
 
 100 
 
 The part played by U. S. flag ships, however, 
 is one of declining importance. Again referring 
 to Table 1, it will be noted that the trend in volume 
 and relative significance of U. S. flag liner cargoes 
 was down during the past 10 years, as it was 
 also for irregular and tanker cargo movements. 
 Yet liner service now constitutes 51 percent of 
 the total cargoes carried by all U. S. flag ships, 
 contrasted to an average of about 37 percent during 
 the last 10 years. 
 
 Some of the more significant factors that have 
 brought U. S. flag ships to their present status 
 are: (1) lower operating costs of foreign flag 
 ships; (2) a steadily increasing number of new, 
 larger, efficient ships of foreign registry operating 
 over our foreign trade routes; and (3) a shrinking 
 of the overall number of U. S. flag ships that are 
 available for competition on the foregoing trade 
 routes, leading to a widening in the sailings gap 
 that has resulted in a coefficient of from 3 to 28 
 times the number of U. S. flag sailings, 1 depending 
 on the type of service. (See Table 7.) 
 
 Based upon the number of inbound sailings with cargo, 
 in 1960, foreign flag ships outnumbered U. S. flag ships by 
 3 to 1 in liner service, 11 to 1 in irregular service, and 28 
 to 1 in the tanker trade. Overall, foreign flag ships made 
 6 times as many sailings with cargo as U. S. flag ships. 
 
 (3) 
 
In the prewar years, export tonnages generally 
 exceeded imports; the reverse is true during the 
 postwar period. The differential would be even 
 greater in favor of imports were it not for the 
 large aid shipments from the United States since 
 the end of World War II. 
 
 Although total commercial U. S. aid shipments 
 comprised an estimated 16.5 million tons 2 of car- 
 go, or only 6 percent of total commercial U. S. 
 oceanborne exports and imports in 1960, aid export 
 shipments amounting to 14.5 million tons comprised 
 15 percent of total oceanborne exports. This is 
 substantial, but does not fully indicate the impor- 
 tance of such cargoes to U. S. flag shipping. The 
 8.8 million tons of commercial aid cargoes carried 
 by U. S. flag ships in 1960 accounted for 31 per- 
 cent of all commercial cargoes carried inbound 
 and outbound by the foregoing ships. Of this amount, 
 7.6 million tons were exports. The latter tonnage 
 comprised 50 percent of the total U. S. flag ex- 
 ports and constituted the very heart of U. S. flag 
 carryings. Aid cargoes accounted for 25 percent 
 of U. S. flag exports in liner service, 90 percent 
 of such tonnage in irregular service, and 84 per- 
 cent of tanker shipments, about 80 percent of 
 which were made up of grain and other agricul- 
 tural products. 
 
 If all commercial aid cargoes outbound and 
 inbound were carried by U. S. flag ships, it 
 would have meant a gain of 27 percent, or 7.6 
 million tons of cargo to the ships under American 
 registry in 1960. It would have meant an additional 
 1.4 million tons of liner cargoes, 4.8 million tons 
 of tramp cargoes, and an added 1.4 million tons of 
 cargo for the tankers. 
 
 These are interesting facts to consider. But 
 against them must be placed the factors of economic 
 realism; viz., the importance of U. S. international 
 economic policy as it relates to the give and take 
 of trade and services between ourselves and our 
 trading partners, particularly those which are 
 maritime nations and members of regional eco- 
 nomic groups. 
 
 Part II 
 
 It has often been asked, if U. S. flag ships carry 
 so small a part of the total U. S. oceanborne foreign 
 commerce, which flags carry the remainder? 
 Table 2 answers this question, and many more 
 as well. 
 
 For example, it illustrates clearly the error of 
 confusing or using synonymously the terms "ships 
 under effective U. S. control" and the so-called 
 "flags of convenience" ships. In both instances 
 the ships are registered under Panamanian, Hon- 
 duran and Liberian flags. But there the similarity 
 ends. The latter group was comprised of 1,397 
 ships of 23,670,000 deadweight tons on December 
 31,1960. The former consisted of only 455 ships 
 
 totaling 11,012,600 deadweight tons specifically 
 listed by the Department of the Navy as being 
 under "effective U. S. control" on that date. The 
 so-called "flags of convenience" ships carried 
 105.6 million long tons of cargoes, or 39 percent 
 of the total oceanborne foreign trade of the United 
 States. Ships under "effective U. S. control" during 
 1960, however, carried 63.7 million tons, or 23.3 
 percent of the total. The difference of 42 million 
 tons is substantial. 3 
 
 Liberian flag ships carried more cargo tonnage 
 in the foreign trade of the United States during 
 1960 than Norwegian and U. S. flag ships combined. 
 Together with ships of Panamanian registry, Li- 
 berian flag ships carried almost 40 percent of 
 total U. S. foreign trade. 
 
 A relatively large number of the latter ships 
 are owned and/or controlled by U. S. parent 
 companies. They are used to insure a steady 
 flow of petroleum products, ores, other raw ma- 
 terials, and agricultural products for manufacturing 
 and marketing purposes in the United States by the 
 parent companies, at ocean freight rates with 
 which U. S. flag operators cannot compete. The 
 Liberian fleet contains a number of the world's 
 largest tankers, bulk carriers, ore/oil combination 
 ships and freighters, which are specially adapted 
 for the bulk trades. It will be noted that the ships 
 of all flags in irregular (tramp and industrial) 
 and tanker services, which carry bulk cargoes 
 primarily, accounted for 160.4 million of the 
 total 177.4 million tons of U. S. imports in 1960. 
 On the other hand, Liberian and Panamanian flag 
 ships played a relatively minor role in the liner 
 (berth) service. 
 
 Norwegian flag ships carried the second largest 
 volume of U. S. foreign trade cargoes, half again 
 as much as those carried by U. S. flag ships. The 
 41 million long tons carried inbound and outbound 
 by ships of Norwegian registry comprised 15 per- 
 cent of the total U. S. overseas commerce.* It 
 will be noted that Norwegian flag ships played 
 important roles in all three services; viz., liner, 
 irregular and tanker, both inbound and outbound. 
 
 U. S. flag ships achieved third place in American 
 overseas trade only by virtue of having the largest 
 participation (30.2 percent) of any flag in liner 
 
 2 "Aid" cargoes represent movements for the account of the 
 Department of Agriculture, International Cooperation Adminis- 
 tration, Bureau of Public Roads and General Services Ad- 
 ministration. Movements initiated by Export-Import Bank 
 loans are excluded. 
 
 There were 540 different merchant ships, of 1,000 gross 
 tons and over, totaling 12.2 million deadweight tons, atone 
 time or another during 1960, listed by the Navy as being 
 under the "effective control of the U. S. " Of these ships, 
 only 353 ships of 8.3 million deadweight tons, made one or 
 more sailings to or from the United States in ballast or 
 carrying cargo. 
 
 *It is interesting to note that, according to the Norwegian 
 Shipowners Association, Norway's total oceanborne foreign 
 commerce in 1960 amounted to 14.7 million long tons of car- 
 go (excluding Swedish ore moving through the port of Narvik). 
 Norwegian flag ships carried 7.3 million long tons, or 49 
 percent of this trade. If the Narvik tonnages are included, 
 the total foreign trade amounted to 25.7 million long tons, 
 of which Norwegian flag ships carried 8 million long tons, 
 or 31 percent. 
 
 The data noted above and in this footnote indicate in some 
 degree the extent to which Norway employs its shipping to 
 acquire foreign exchange for its merchandise imports and 
 as a vital asset in its international balance of payments 
 account. 
 
service. Almost 60 percent of U. S. flag ships 
 operating in liner service are subsidized. This, 
 and the fact that shipping conferences, of which 
 U. S. flag ships are members, normally maintain 
 rates which are the same for all members (U. S. 
 flag as well as foreign flag), are some of the 
 reasons for the better percentage of U. S. flag 
 participation in liner operations. Another very 
 important one is the movement of aid cargoes, 
 which, in 1960, accounted for 17 percent of the 
 total tonnage carried inbound and outbound by U.S. 
 flag ships in liner service. 
 
 Although ships of British, Greek, Italian and 
 West German registries carried larger total cargo 
 tonnages in 1960 than Japanese flag ships, none 
 approached the 5.9 million tons of high rated, gen- 
 eral cargo carried by the latter ships in liner 
 services. Only U. S. and Norwegian flag ships 
 carried as much or more. Japanese flag ships 
 carried a total of 8.5 million tons of cargo in all 
 services of U. S. overseas trade. Of this amount, 
 7.1 million tons moved on Japanese ships inbound 
 and outbound between the United States and Japan. 
 
 It is interesting to note that three of the coun- 
 tries, Argentina, India and Turkey, considered in 
 other tables of this report to be among the 18 
 principal maritime nations, 5 are not included in 
 Table 2 as being among the 25 flags having the 
 largest total trade with the United States. Con- 
 versely, such neighboring countries as Canada, 
 Chile, Cuba and Colombia showed up in this table, 
 although they are not considered to be among the 
 leading maritime nations. 
 
 Part EI 
 
 Details of the flow of exports and imports be- 
 tween the United States and each of its 18 trading 
 partners, which are principal maritime nations, 
 are shown in Tables 3 through 6. 
 
 The extent to which national flags are utilized 
 in U. S. overseas trade is dependent, to a large 
 extent, upon the type of service involved. For 
 example, some countries may have tanker fleets 
 that are used to better advantage in trades other 
 than with the United States. Thus, as far as U. S. 
 foreign trade is concerned, U. S. or third country 
 flag tankers would show up advantageously, al- 
 though the quantity of cargo tonnage involved might 
 be small. Tanker trade with Brazil, Greece, 
 Spain and Turkey, among others, illustrates this 
 point. (See Table 5.) 
 
 On the other hand, national flag ships in liner 
 service may make every effort to participate in 
 the lucrative movement of general cargo between 
 a given country and the United States. In 1960, 
 for example, U. S. flag ships carried only 6.7 
 million tons of general cargo, or 23 percent of the 
 total, for this service between the United States 
 and its 18 trading partners which have large 
 merchant fleets. The degree of competition for 
 
 this trade, however, is pointed up by the disparity 
 in the relative amount of tonnage carried by U. S. 
 and national flag ships in the trade with specific 
 countries, notably Norway, Sweden, Denmark, 
 Japan, West Germany, Italy, the U. S., and 
 Yugoslavia. (See Table 3.) 
 
 The part played by ships of "PanHonLib" reg- 
 istries and third country flags in the carriage of 
 irregular (tramp and industrial) cargoes between 
 the United States and its trading partners is shown 
 in Table 4. 
 
 U. S. flag ships carried a minute ratio of this 
 trade. With the exception of outbound aid cargoes 
 to India, Spain, Turkey and Yugoslavia, shipments 
 of bulk cargoes on U. S. flag ships to its other 
 14 maritime trading partners were practically 
 non-existent. It was only with its non-maritime 
 trading partners in Latin America, Africa and 
 Southeast Asia that U. S. flag ships were able to 
 participate in the outbound and inbound bulk cargo 
 movements. And this amounted to less than 10 
 percent of the total commerce. 
 
 In view of the shrinking participation of U. S. 
 flag ships in U. S. foreign trade, it may be of 
 interest to note the extent to which the national 
 flag ships of its trading partners shared in the 
 foreign trade of their own countries. 
 
 The following table has been compiled for all 
 the countries that may be considered principal 
 maritime nations and for which data are available. 
 
 It will be observed that, with the exception of 
 Belgium, every country's national fleet carried 
 a much greater share of its total national ocean- 
 borne foreign commerce than the 9.7 percent and 
 the 10.5 percent carried in U. S. flag ships in 
 1959 and 1960, respectively. 
 
 Country Percent Participation 
 
 UNITED STATES 10.5 
 
 Argentina 15.0 
 
 Belgium 8.8 
 
 France 62.6 
 
 Italy 53.0 
 
 Japan 50.0 (approx.) 
 
 Norway *49 . 2 
 
 Sweden 38.0 (approx.) 
 
 United Kingdom.... **53.0 
 
 West Germany 41.2 
 
 Spain 73.7 
 
 Denmark 24 . 7 
 
 Finland 45.7 
 
 1959 
 1958 
 
 Based on gross tonnage of merchant ships, 1,000 gross 
 tons and over. 
 
 ♦Excluding export shipments of Swedish ore via 
 the port of Narvik 
 
 **Net registered tonnage of vessels with cargo. 
 Data based on cargo tons are not available from of- 
 ficial or other sources. It is believed, however, 
 that while the percentage shown for British flag 
 ships is not directly comparable, it is indicative 
 of the extent to which they participate in the 
 country's overseas foreign trade. 
 
 Source: Latest data available from foreign 
 service despatches and foreign government statis- 
 tics. 
 
Table 1.— Participation of U.S., and Foreign Flag Ships,* in U.S., Ocean- 
 
 (In millions 
 
 
 1937** 
 
 1938** 
 
 1951 
 
 1952 
 
 1953 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 EXPORTS AND IMPORTS — TOTAL 
 
 82.9 
 
 100.0 
 
 74.6 
 
 100.0 
 
 166.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 161.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 151.6 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 22.0 
 
 26.5 
 
 19.4 
 
 26.0 
 
 71.2 
 
 42.9 
 
 57.4 
 
 35.6 
 
 44.7 
 
 29.5 
 
 Total All Services — Foreign Flag... 
 
 60.9 
 
 73.5 
 
 55.2 
 
 74.0 
 
 95.0 
 
 57.1 
 
 103.8 
 
 64.4 
 
 106.9 
 
 70.5 
 
 
 **36.1 
 
 43.6 
 
 **29.2 
 
 39.1 
 
 41.4 
 
 24.9 
 
 38.6 
 
 23.9 
 
 38.2 
 
 25.2 
 
 
 15.6 
 
 18.8 
 
 10.9 
 
 14.6 
 
 20.3 
 
 12.2 
 
 17.8 
 
 11.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 9.9 
 
 
 20.5 
 
 24.8 
 
 18.3 
 
 24.5 
 
 221.1 
 
 12.7 
 
 20.8 
 
 12.9 
 
 23.2 
 
 15.3 
 
 
 **18.0 
 .0 
 
 21.7 
 0.0 
 
 **14.9 
 0.7 
 
 20.0 
 1.0 
 
 68.6 
 25.2 
 
 41.3 
 15.2 
 
 60.9 
 15.9 
 
 37.8 
 9.9 
 
 47.7 
 8.0 
 
 31.5 
 5.3 
 
 
 
 18.0 
 
 21.7 
 
 14.2 
 
 19.0 
 
 43.4 
 
 26.1 
 
 45. 
 
 27.9 
 
 39.7 
 
 26.2 
 
 
 28.8 
 
 34.7 
 
 30.5 
 
 40.9 
 
 56.2 
 
 33.8 
 
 61.7 
 
 38.3 
 
 65.7 
 
 43.3 
 
 U. S. Flag 
 
 6.4 
 
 7.7 
 
 7.8 
 
 10.4 
 
 25.7 
 
 15.5 
 
 23.7 
 
 14.7 
 
 21.7 
 
 14.3 
 
 
 22.4 
 
 27.0 
 
 22.7 
 
 30.5 
 
 30.5 
 
 18.3 
 
 38.0 
 
 23.6 
 
 44.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 
 43.8 
 
 100.0 
 
 45.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 83.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 72.6 
 
 100.0 
 
 53.3 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 9.1 
 
 20.7 
 
 8.5 
 
 18.9 
 
 33.7 
 
 40.6 
 
 22.5 
 
 31.0 
 
 12.6 
 
 23.6 
 
 Total All Services — Foreign Flag. . . 
 
 34.7 
 
 79.3 
 
 36.5 
 
 81.1 
 
 49.4 
 
 59.4 
 
 50.1 
 
 69.0 
 
 40.7 
 
 76.4 
 
 
 **17.3 
 7.4 
 
 39.5 
 16.9 
 
 **15.2 
 5.3 
 
 33.8 
 11.8 
 
 25.0 
 12.3 
 
 30.1 
 14.8 
 
 23.2 
 
 10.5 
 
 32.0 
 
 14.5 
 
 21.8 
 8.3 
 
 40.9 
 15.5 
 
 
 
 9.9 
 
 22.6 
 
 9.9 
 
 22.0 
 
 12.7 
 
 15.3 
 
 12.7 
 
 17.5 
 
 13.5 
 
 25.4 
 
 
 ** 8.0 
 .0 
 
 18.3 
 0.0 
 
 ** 8.3 
 0.2 
 
 18.4 
 0.4 
 
 47.0 
 18.0 
 
 56.6 
 21.7 
 
 38.5 
 8.9 
 
 53.0 
 12.2 
 
 20.8 
 1.6 
 
 39.0 
 3.0 
 
 
 
 8.0 
 
 18.3 
 
 8.1 
 
 18.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 34.9 
 
 29.6 
 
 40.8 
 
 19.2 
 
 36.0 
 
 
 18.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 16.8 
 
 39.1 
 
 42.2 
 
 3.8 
 
 38.4 
 
 100.0 
 
 21.5 
 
 3.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 29.6 
 
 47.8 
 
 6.7 
 
 41.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 11.1 
 3.4 
 7.7 
 
 83.1 
 
 13.3 
 
 4.1 
 9.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 10.9 
 3.1 
 7.8 
 
 88.6. 
 
 15.0 
 
 4.3 
 
 10.7 
 
 100.0 
 
 10.7 
 
 2.7 
 8.0 
 
 98.3 
 
 20.1 
 
 5.1 
 
 15.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 U. S. Flag 
 
 
 
 
 12.9 
 
 33.0 
 
 10.9 
 
 36.8 
 
 37.5 
 
 45.1 
 
 34.9 
 
 39.4 
 
 32.1 
 
 32.7 
 
 Total All Services — Foreign Flag. . . 
 
 26.2 
 
 67.0 
 
 18.7 
 
 63.2 
 
 45.6 
 
 54.9 
 
 53.7 
 
 60.6 
 
 66.2 
 
 67.3 
 
 
 **18.8 
 
 8.2 
 
 10.6 
 
 48.1 
 21.0 
 27.1 
 
 **14.0 
 5.6 
 8.4 
 
 47.3 
 18.9 
 28.4 
 
 16.4 
 8.0 
 8.4 
 
 19.7 
 
 9.6 
 
 10.1 
 
 15.4 
 7.3 
 8.1 
 
 17.4 
 8.2 
 9.2 
 
 16.4 
 6.7 
 9.7 
 
 16.7 
 6.8 
 9.9 
 
 
 
 
 **10.0 
 
 .0 
 
 10.0 
 
 25.6 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.6 
 
 ** 6.6 
 0.5 
 6.1 
 
 22.3 
 
 1.7 
 
 20.6 
 
 21.6 
 
 7.2 
 
 14.4 
 
 26.0 
 
 8.7 
 
 17.3 
 
 22.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 15.4 
 
 25.3 
 
 7.9 
 17.4 
 
 26.9 
 
 6.4 
 
 20.5 
 
 27.4 
 
 6.6 
 
 20.8 
 
 
 
 
 10.3 
 4.7 
 5.6 
 
 26.3 
 12.0 
 14.3 
 
 9.0 
 4.8 
 4.2 
 
 30.4 
 16.2 
 14.2 
 
 45.1 
 22.3 
 22.8 
 
 54.3 
 26.8 
 27.5 
 
 50.8 
 20.6 
 30.2 
 
 57.3 
 23.3 
 34.0 
 
 55.0 
 19.0 
 36.0 
 
 55.9 
 19.3 
 36.6 
 
 
 
 
 ♦1,000 gross tons and over. 
 **Data for 1937 and 1938 are not strictly comparable since "Industrial" services in these years were included with "Liner" 
 services rather than "Irregular" services as they have been since 1951. 
 
 NOTE: Figures have been rounded. 
 
Borne Foreign Trade, by Type of Service, calendar years 1937, 1938, 1951-60 
 
 of long tons) 
 
 1954 
 
 1955 
 
 1956 
 
 1957 
 
 1958 
 
 1959 
 
 1960 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Percent 
 
 156.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 199.9. 
 
 100.0 
 
 251.7 
 
 100.0 
 
 281.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 250.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 263.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 272.8 
 
 100.0 
 
 43.5 
 
 27.9 
 
 47.0 
 
 23.5 
 
 51.5 
 
 20.5 
 
 50.2 
 
 17.8 
 
 29.1 
 
 11.6 
 
 25.6 
 
 9.7 
 
 28.6 
 
 10.5 
 
 112.5 
 
 72.1 
 
 152.9 
 
 76.5 
 
 200.2 
 
 79.5 
 
 231.3 
 
 82.2 
 
 220.9 
 
 88.4 
 
 237.4 
 
 90.3 
 
 244.2 
 
 89.5 
 
 39.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 43.9 
 
 22.0 
 
 47.0 
 
 18.7 
 
 46.7 
 
 16.6 
 
 43.5 
 
 17.4 
 
 46.2 
 
 17.6 
 
 48.3 
 
 17.7 
 
 14.7 
 
 9.4 
 
 17.2 
 
 8.6 
 
 18.6 
 
 7.4 
 
 18.4 
 
 6.5 
 
 14.4 
 
 5.7 
 
 13.8 
 
 5.3 
 
 14.6 
 
 5.3 
 
 24.3 
 
 15.6 
 
 26.7 
 
 13.4 
 
 28.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 10.1 
 
 29.1 
 
 11. 7 
 
 31.4 
 
 12.3 
 
 33.7 
 
 12.4 
 
 52.2 
 
 33.5 
 
 81.8 
 
 40.9 
 
 109.6 
 
 43.5 
 
 128.8 
 
 45.8 
 
 102.1 
 
 40.8 
 
 105.5 
 
 40.1 
 
 108.5 
 
 39.8 
 
 9.3 
 
 6.0 
 
 12.7 
 
 6.4 
 
 14.7 
 
 5.9 
 
 15.4 
 
 5.5 
 
 8.5 
 
 3.4 
 
 7.5 
 
 2.8 
 
 7.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 42.9 
 
 27.5 
 
 69.1 
 
 34.5 
 
 94.9 
 
 37.6 
 
 113.4 
 
 40.3 
 
 93.6 
 
 37.4 
 
 98.0 
 
 37.3 
 
 100.7 
 
 36.9 
 
 64.8 
 
 41.5 
 
 74.2 
 
 37.1 
 
 95.1 
 
 37.8 
 
 106.0 
 
 37.6 
 
 104.4 
 
 41.8 
 
 111.3 
 
 42.3 
 
 116.0 
 
 42.5 
 
 19.5 
 
 12.5 
 
 17.1 
 
 8.5 
 
 18.2 
 
 7.2 
 
 16.4 
 
 5.8 
 
 6.3 
 
 2.5 
 
 4.3 
 
 1.6 
 
 6.2 
 
 2.3 
 
 45.3 
 
 29.0 
 
 57.1 
 
 28.6 
 
 76.9 
 
 30.6 
 
 89.6 
 
 31.8 
 
 98.1 
 
 39.3 
 
 107.0 
 
 40.7 
 
 109.8 
 
 40.2 
 
 54.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 82.4 
 
 100.0 
 
 111.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 129.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 90.3 
 
 100.0 
 
 83.6 
 
 100.0 
 
 95.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 12.6 
 
 23.1 
 
 15.6 
 
 18.9 
 
 18.9 
 
 17.0 
 
 21.3 
 
 16.5 
 
 13.8 
 
 15.3 
 
 12.1 
 
 14.5 
 
 15.3 
 
 16.0 
 
 41.9 
 
 76.9 
 
 66.8 
 
 81.1 
 
 92.3 
 
 83.0 
 
 107.8 
 
 83.5 
 
 76.5 
 
 84.7 
 
 71.5 
 
 85.5 
 
 80.2 
 
 84.0 
 
 24.4 
 
 44.8 
 
 27.3 
 
 33.1 
 
 29.4 
 
 26.4 
 
 30.5 
 
 23.6 
 
 27.6 
 
 30.5 
 
 27.6 
 
 33.0 
 
 31.3 
 
 32.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 16.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 12.7 
 
 11.5 
 
 10.3 
 
 11.7 
 
 9.1 
 
 8.8 
 
 9.7 
 
 7.8 
 
 9.3 
 
 9.2 
 
 9.6 
 
 15.5 
 
 28.5 
 
 16.8 
 
 20.4 
 
 17.9 
 
 16.1 
 
 18.8 
 
 14.5 
 
 18.8 
 
 20.8 
 
 19.8 
 
 23.7 
 
 22.1 
 
 23.2 
 
 21.8 
 
 40.0 
 
 45.8 
 
 55.6 
 
 66.3 
 
 59.6 
 
 77.6 
 
 60.1 
 
 52.9 
 
 58.6 
 
 44.5 
 
 53.2 
 
 49.1 
 
 51.4 
 
 1.9 
 
 3.5 
 
 3.6 
 
 4.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 6.5 
 
 5.0 
 
 3.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 2.9 
 
 3.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 19.9 
 
 36.5 
 
 42.2 
 
 51.2 
 
 61.2 
 
 55.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 55.1 
 
 49.7 
 
 55.0 
 
 41.6 
 
 49.7 
 
 45.8 
 
 47.9 
 
 8.3 
 
 15.2 
 
 9.3 
 
 11.3 
 
 15.5 
 
 14.0 
 
 21.0 
 
 16.3 
 
 9.8 
 
 10.9 
 
 11.5 
 
 13.8 
 
 15.1 
 
 15.8 
 
 1.8 
 
 3.3 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.3 
 
 2.1 
 
 3.1 
 
 2.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 11.9 
 
 7.8 
 
 9.5 
 
 13.2 
 
 11.9 
 
 17.9 
 
 13.9 
 
 8.0 
 
 8.9 
 
 10.1 
 
 12.1 
 
 12.3 
 
 12.9 
 
 101.5 
 
 100.6 
 
 117.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 140.5 
 
 100.0 
 
 152.4 
 
 100.0 
 
 159.7 
 
 100.0 
 
 179.4 
 
 100.0 
 
 177.3 
 
 100.0 
 
 30.9 
 
 30.4 
 
 31.4 
 
 26.7 
 
 32.6 
 
 23.2 
 
 28.9 
 
 19.0 
 
 15.4 
 
 9.6 
 
 13.5 
 
 7.5 
 
 13.3 
 
 7.5 
 
 70.6 
 
 69.6 
 
 86.1 
 
 73.3 
 
 107.9 
 
 16.8 
 
 123.5 
 
 81.0 
 
 144.3 
 
 90.4 
 
 165.9 
 
 92.5 
 
 164.0 
 
 92.5 
 
 14.6 
 
 14.4 
 
 16.6 
 
 14.1 
 
 17.6 
 
 12.5 
 
 16.2 
 
 10.6 
 
 15.9 
 
 10.0 
 
 18.6 
 
 10.4 
 
 17.0 
 
 9.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.7 
 
 6.7 
 
 5.7 
 
 7.1 
 
 5.0 
 
 6.7 
 
 4.4 
 
 5.6 
 
 3.5 
 
 6.0 
 
 3.4 
 
 5.4 
 
 3.1 
 
 8.8 
 
 8.7 
 
 9.9 
 
 8.4 
 
 10.5 
 
 7.5 
 
 9.5 
 
 6.2 
 
 10.3 
 
 6.5 
 
 12.6 
 
 7.0 
 
 11.6 
 
 6.5 
 
 30.4 
 
 29.9 
 
 36.0 
 
 30.6 
 
 43.3 
 
 30.8 
 
 51.2 
 
 33.6 
 
 49.2 
 
 30.8 
 
 61.0 
 
 34.0 
 
 59.4 
 
 33.5 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.2 
 
 9.1 
 
 7.7 
 
 9.6 
 
 6.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 5.8 
 
 5.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 4.6 
 
 2.5 
 
 4.5 
 
 2.5 
 
 23.0 
 
 22.7 
 
 26.9 
 
 22.9 
 
 33.7 
 
 24.0 
 
 42.3 
 
 27.8 
 
 43.9 
 
 27.5 
 
 56.4 
 
 31.5 
 
 54.9 
 
 31.0 
 
 56.5 
 
 55.7 
 
 64.9 
 
 55.3 
 
 79.6 
 
 56.7 
 
 85.0 
 
 55.8 
 
 94.6 
 
 59.2 
 
 99.8 
 
 55.6 
 
 100.9 
 
 56.9 
 
 17.7 
 
 17.5 
 
 15.6 
 
 13.3 
 
 15.9 
 
 11.2 
 
 13.3 
 
 8.8 
 
 4.5 
 
 2.8 
 
 2.9 
 
 1.6 
 
 3.4 
 
 1.9 
 
 38.8 
 
 38.2 
 
 49.3 
 
 42.0 
 
 63.7 
 
 45.3 
 
 71.7 
 
 47.0 
 
 90.1 
 
 56.4 
 
 96.9 
 
 54.0 
 
 97.5 
 
 55.0 
 
Table 2.— Participation of Merchant Ships,* by Flag of Registry, 
 
 by Type of Service, During 
 
 Flag 
 
 (In thousands 
 
 Total. . . . 
 
 Liberia 
 
 Norway 
 
 United States. . 
 
 Panama 
 
 United Kingdom. 
 
 Greece 
 
 Italy 
 
 West Germany... 
 
 Japan 
 
 Netherlands. . . . 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Canada 
 
 Denmark 
 
 France 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Spain 
 
 Yugoslavia 
 
 Honduras 
 
 China (Formosa) 
 
 Israel 
 
 Finland 
 
 Chile 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Brazil 
 
 All Other 
 
 All Services 
 
 272,854 
 
 80,010 
 
 40,968 
 
 28,612 
 
 24 , 866 
 
 16,827 
 
 13,393 
 
 10,120 
 
 9,157 
 
 8,478 
 
 7,895 
 
 ,598 
 
 ,131 
 
 ,4 59 
 
 ,520 
 
 ,532 
 
 ,222 
 
 963 
 
 735 
 
 708 
 
 45 
 
 636 
 
 586 
 
 586 
 
 515 
 
 509 
 
 4,183 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100,0 
 
 29.3 
 
 15.0 
 
 10.5 
 
 9.1 
 
 6.2 
 
 4.9 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 4 
 1 
 9 
 
 a 
 
 9 
 
 1.6 
 
 .6 
 .4 
 .4 
 .3 
 
 .3 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 .2 
 
 1.5 
 
 Imports 
 
 177,391 
 
 66,772 
 
 27,573 
 
 13,375 
 
 21,902 
 
 9,715 
 
 6,175 
 
 3,424 
 
 4,233 
 
 2,124 
 
 4,459 
 
 3,975 
 
 4,435 
 
 3,040 
 
 905 
 
 574 
 
 334 
 
 219 
 
 608 
 
 362 
 
 57 
 
 285 
 
 371 
 
 442 
 
 235 
 
 174 
 
 1,623 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100.0 
 
 37.6 
 
 15.5 
 
 7.5 
 
 12.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 3.5 
 
 1.9 
 
 2.4 
 
 1.2 
 
 2.5 
 
 2.2 
 
 2.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 .5 
 
 .3 
 
 .2 
 
 .1 
 
 .3 
 
 .2 
 
 * 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 • 9, 
 
 Exports 
 
 95,463 
 
 13,238 
 
 13,395 
 
 15,237 
 
 2,964 
 
 7,112 
 
 7,218 
 
 696 
 
 924 
 354 
 436 
 623 
 696 
 419 
 615 
 958 
 888 
 744 
 127 
 346 
 588 
 3 51 
 215 
 144 
 280 
 335 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100.0 
 
 13.9 
 
 14.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 3.1 
 
 7.5 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.0 
 
 5.1 
 
 6.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 3.8 
 
 .7 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 1.0 
 
 .9 
 
 .8 
 
 .1 
 
 .4 
 
 .6 
 
 .4 
 
 .2 
 
 .2 
 
 .3 
 
 .4 
 
 2.5 
 
 Dry Cargo, Liner 
 
 48,255 
 
 755 
 
 5,872 
 
 14,571 
 
 193 
 
 3,077 
 
 825 
 
 1,272 
 
 3,052 
 
 5,872 
 
 2,687 
 
 2,014 
 
 121 
 
 1,622 
 
 464 
 
 909 
 
 342 
 
 504 
 
 73 
 
 251 
 
 148 
 
 501 
 
 319 
 
 45 
 
 512 
 
 368 
 
 1,886 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100.0 
 
 1.6 
 
 12.2 
 
 30.2 
 
 .4 
 
 6.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 2.6 
 
 6.3 
 
 12.2 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.2 
 
 .3 
 
 3.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 1.9 
 
 .7 
 
 1.0 
 
 .1 
 
 .5 
 
 .3 
 
 1.0 
 
 .7 
 
 .1 
 
 1.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 Imports 
 
 16,991 
 
 211 
 
 2,149 
 
 5,411 
 
 63 
 
 959 
 
 211 
 
 251 
 
 979 
 
 1,740 
 
 1,005 
 
 824 
 
 43 
 
 752 
 
 139 
 
 511 
 
 51 
 
 169 
 
 21 
 
 109 
 
 18 
 
 218 
 
 225 
 
 
 
 234 
 
 124 
 
 574 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100.0 
 
 1.2 
 12.6 
 31.8 
 
 .4 
 5.6 
 1.3 
 1.5 
 5.7 
 10.2 
 5.9 
 4.8 
 
 .3 
 4.4 
 
 .8 
 3.0 
 
 .3 
 1.0 
 
 .1 
 
 .6 
 
 .1 
 1.3 
 1.3 
 
 .0 
 1.4 
 
 .7 
 
 3.4 
 
 Exports 
 
 31,264 
 
 544 
 
 3,723 
 
 9,160 
 
 130 
 
 2,118 
 
 614 
 
 021 
 
 073 
 
 132 
 
 682 
 
 190 
 
 78 
 
 870 
 
 325 
 
 398 
 
 291 
 
 335 
 
 52 
 
 142 
 
 130 
 
 283 
 
 94 
 
 45 
 
 278 
 
 244 
 
 1,312 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 100.0 
 
 1.7 
 11.9 
 29.3 
 
 .4 
 
 6.8 
 
 2.0 
 
 3.3 
 
 6.6 
 
 13.2 
 
 5.4 
 
 3.8 
 
 .3 
 
 2.8 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.3 
 
 .'9 
 
 1.1 
 
 .2 
 
 .5 
 
 .4 
 
 .9 
 
 .3 
 
 .1 
 
 .9 
 
 *1,000 gross tons and over. 
 **Less than .05. 
 
 Table 3.— Participation of U.S., National, and Other Flag Ships, * in Oceanbome 
 
 (In thousands 
 
 Country 
 
 INBOUND AND OUTBOUND 
 
 Total, 
 All Flags 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Total, 
 U.S. Flag 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Total, 
 National Flag 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Total, 
 Other Flags 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 All countries.., 
 
 18 maritime countries. 
 
 Argentina 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Finland 
 
 France 
 
 Germany (West) 
 
 Greece 
 
 India 
 
 Italy 
 
 Japan 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Norway 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Turkey 
 
 United Kingdom 
 
 Yugoslavia 
 
 All other 
 
 28,629 
 
 729 
 
 2,304 
 
 1,442 
 
 379 
 
 394 
 
 997 
 
 2,581 
 
 254 
 
 1,961 
 
 2,293 
 
 6,905 
 
 2,603 
 
 431 
 
 553 
 
 947 
 
 261 
 
 3,229 
 
 366 
 
 19,626 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 14,571 
 
 6,726 
 
 280 
 303 
 542 
 
 14 
 
 48 
 265 
 566 
 121 
 712 
 457 
 1,297 
 437 
 
 27 
 201 
 
 30 
 
 155 
 
 1,180 
 
 90 
 
 7,845 
 
 30 
 
 13 , 891 
 
 12,209 
 
 188 
 
 429 
 
 365 
 
 168 
 
 167 
 
 175 
 
 896 
 
 38 
 
 143 
 
 1,049 
 
 4,771 
 
 767 
 
 339 
 
 227 
 
 741 
 
 49 
 
 1,442 
 
 255 
 
 1,682 
 
 19,793 
 
 9,694 
 
 
 260 
 
 1 
 
 ,572 
 
 
 535 
 
 
 196 
 
 
 179 
 
 
 557 
 
 1 
 
 118 
 
 
 96 
 
 1 
 
 106 
 
 
 788 
 
 
 838 
 
 1 
 
 399 
 
 
 65 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 175 
 
 
 57 
 
 
 607 
 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 099 
 
 *1 , 000 gross tons and over. 
 
 NOTE: Figures may not be additive across because of rounding. 
 
in the Oceanborne Foreign Trade of the U. S. , 
 Calendar Year 1960 
 
 of long tons) 
 
 
 
 Dry 
 
 Cargo, Other Than Liner 
 
 
 Tanker 
 
 
 Tot 
 
 al 
 
 Irapo 
 
 rts 
 
 Expo 
 
 rts 
 
 Tot 
 
 al 
 
 Imports 
 
 Expo 
 
 rts 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 
 108,555 
 
 100.0 
 
 59,438 
 
 100.0 
 
 49,117 
 
 100.0 
 
 116,044 
 
 100.0 
 
 100,963 
 
 100.0 
 
 15,081 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 29,789 
 
 27.4 
 
 21,166 
 
 35.6 
 
 8,623 
 
 17.6 
 
 49,466 
 
 42.6 
 
 45,395 
 
 45.0 
 
 4,071 
 
 27.0 
 
 
 14,843 
 
 13.7 
 
 8,748 
 
 14.7 
 
 6,095 
 
 12.4 
 
 20,253 
 
 17.5 
 
 16,675 
 
 16.5 
 
 3,578 
 
 23.7 
 
 
 7,807 
 
 7.2 
 
 4,538 
 
 7.6 
 
 3,269 
 
 6.7 
 
 6,235 
 
 5.4 
 
 3,427 
 
 3.4 
 
 2,808 
 
 18.6 
 
 
 7,208 
 
 6.6 
 
 5,624 
 
 9.5 
 
 1,584 
 
 3.2 
 
 17,464 
 
 15.0 
 
 16,214 
 
 16.1 
 
 1,250 
 
 8.3 
 
 
 7,429 
 
 6.8 
 
 3,430 
 
 5.8 
 
 3,999 
 
 8.1 
 
 6,321 
 
 5.4 
 
 5,325 
 
 5.3 
 
 996 
 
 6.6 
 
 
 8,749 
 
 8.1 
 
 2,722 
 
 4.6 
 
 6,027 
 
 12.3 
 
 3,819 
 
 3.3 
 
 3,242 
 
 3.2 
 
 577 
 
 3.8 
 
 
 6,568 
 
 6.1 
 
 1,385 
 
 2.3 
 
 5,183 
 
 10.6 
 
 2,280 
 
 2.0 
 
 1,788 
 
 1.8 
 
 492 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 5,183 
 
 4.8 
 
 2,427 
 
 4.1 
 
 2,756 
 
 5.6 
 
 921 
 
 .8 
 
 826 
 
 .8 
 
 95 
 
 .6 
 
 
 2,090 
 
 1.9 
 
 151 
 
 .2 
 
 1,939 
 
 3.9 
 
 515 
 
 .4 
 
 233 
 
 .2 
 
 282 
 
 1.9 
 
 
 2,605 
 
 2.4 
 
 1,025 
 
 1.7 
 
 1,580 
 
 3.2 
 
 2,603 
 
 2.2 
 
 2,429 
 
 2.4 
 
 174 
 
 1.2 
 
 
 4,344 
 
 4.0 
 
 2,103 
 
 3.5 
 
 2,241 
 
 4.6 
 
 1,240 
 
 1.1 
 
 1,048 
 
 1.0 
 
 192 
 
 1.3 
 
 
 3,584 
 
 3.3 
 
 3,012 
 
 5.1 
 
 572 
 
 1.2 
 
 1,427 
 
 1.2 
 
 1,381 
 
 1.4 
 
 46 
 
 .3 
 
 
 636 
 
 .6 
 
 232 
 
 .4 
 
 404 
 
 .8 
 
 2,201 
 
 1.9 
 
 2,056 
 
 2.0 
 
 145 
 
 1.0 
 
 
 1,624 
 
 1.5 
 
 403 
 
 .7 
 
 1,221 
 
 2.5 
 
 432 
 
 .4 
 
 362 
 
 .4 
 
 70 
 
 .5 
 
 
 539 
 
 .5 
 
 33 
 
 .1 
 
 506 
 
 1.0 
 
 84 
 
 .1 
 
 29 
 
 .1 
 
 55 
 
 ..3 
 
 
 689 
 
 .6 
 
 154 
 
 .3 
 
 535 
 
 1.1 
 
 191 
 
 .2 
 
 129 
 
 .2 
 
 62 
 
 .4 
 
 
 449 
 
 .4 
 
 51 
 
 .1 
 
 398 
 
 .8 
 
 11 
 
 ** 
 
 
 
 *♦ 
 
 11 
 
 .1 
 
 
 662 
 
 .6 
 
 586 
 
 1.0 
 
 76 
 
 .2 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 458 
 
 .4 
 
 253 
 
 .4 
 
 205 
 
 .4 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 497 
 
 .5 
 
 39 
 
 .1 
 
 458 
 
 .9 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 135 
 
 .1 
 
 67 
 
 .1 
 
 68 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 267 
 
 .2 
 
 145 
 
 .2 
 
 122 
 
 .3 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 489 
 
 .5 
 
 392 
 
 .6 
 
 97 
 
 .2 
 
 52 
 
 ** 
 
 50 
 
 ** 
 
 2 
 
 ** 
 
 
 3 
 
 ** 
 
 1 
 
 ** 
 
 2 
 
 ** 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 
 112 
 
 .1 
 
 51 
 
 .1 
 
 61 
 
 .1 
 
 29 
 
 ** 
 
 
 
 .0 
 
 29 
 
 .2 
 
 
 1,796 
 
 1.6 
 
 700 
 
 1.2 
 
 1,096 
 
 2.2 
 
 500 
 
 .4 
 
 354 
 
 .4 
 
 146 
 
 .9 
 
 Note: Figures may not be additive because of rounding. 
 
 Liner Trades Between the United States and Principal Maritime Countries During 1960 
 
 of long tons) 
 
 OUTBOUND 
 
 INBOUND 
 
 Total 
 
 , 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Tota 
 
 1, 
 
 All Flags 
 
 U.S. Flag 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Other Flags 
 
 AH Fl 
 
 ags 
 
 U.S. Flag 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Other 
 
 Flags 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 31,264 
 
 100 
 
 9,160 
 
 29 
 
 10,070 
 
 32 
 
 12,034 
 
 39 
 
 16,991 
 
 100 
 
 5,411 
 
 32 
 
 3,821 
 
 22 
 
 7,759 
 
 46 
 
 19,667 
 
 100 
 
 4,469 
 
 23 
 
 9,033 
 
 46 
 
 6,165 
 
 31 
 
 8,962 
 
 100 
 
 2,258 
 
 25 
 
 3,175 
 
 35 
 
 3,529 
 
 40 
 
 493 
 
 100 
 
 187 
 
 38 
 
 155 
 
 31 
 
 150 
 
 31 
 
 235 
 
 100 
 
 92 
 
 39 
 
 33 
 
 14 
 
 110 
 
 47 
 
 913 
 
 100 
 
 132 
 
 14 
 
 161 
 
 18 
 
 620 
 
 68 
 
 1,391 
 
 100 
 
 171 
 
 12 
 
 268 
 
 19 
 
 952 
 
 69 
 
 693 
 
 100 
 
 220 
 
 32 
 
 245 
 
 35 
 
 228 
 
 33 
 
 750 
 
 100 
 
 322 
 
 43 
 
 121 
 
 16 
 
 307 
 
 41 
 
 293 
 
 100 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 125 
 
 43 
 
 154 
 
 52 
 
 86 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 43 
 
 49 
 
 56 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 45 
 
 26 
 
 47 
 
 338 
 
 100 
 
 44 
 
 13 
 
 141 
 
 42 
 
 152 
 
 45 
 
 755 
 
 100 
 
 198 
 
 26 
 
 147 
 
 20 
 
 409 
 
 54 
 
 243 
 
 100 
 
 67 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
 11 
 
 148 
 
 61 
 
 1,944 
 
 100 
 
 434 
 
 22 
 
 692 
 
 36 
 
 819 
 
 42 
 
 636 
 
 100 
 
 132 
 
 21 
 
 205 
 
 32 
 
 299 
 
 47 
 
 180 
 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 40 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 72 
 
 40 
 
 74 
 
 100 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 33 
 
 1,223 
 
 100 
 
 534 
 
 43 
 
 82 
 
 7 
 
 607 
 
 50 
 
 737 
 
 100 
 
 178 
 
 24 
 
 61 
 
 8 
 
 498 
 
 68 
 
 1,749 
 
 100 
 
 274 
 
 16 
 
 878 
 
 50 
 
 596 
 
 34 
 
 544 
 
 100 
 
 183 
 
 34 
 
 170 
 
 31 
 
 191 
 
 35 
 
 5,237 
 
 100 
 
 811 
 
 15 
 
 3,799 
 
 73 
 
 627 
 
 12 
 
 1,668 
 
 100 
 
 486 
 
 29 
 
 971 
 
 58 
 
 211 
 
 13 
 
 2,089 
 
 100 
 
 378 
 
 18 
 
 542 
 
 26 
 
 1,170 
 
 56 
 
 514 
 
 100 
 
 59 
 
 11 
 
 226 
 
 44 
 
 229 
 
 45 
 
 278 
 
 100 
 
 16 
 
 6 
 
 204 
 
 73 
 
 59 
 
 21 
 
 152 
 
 100 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 135 
 
 89 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 396 
 
 100 
 
 136 
 
 34 
 
 211 
 
 54 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 158 
 
 100 
 
 65 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 77 
 
 49 
 
 573 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 4 
 
 452 
 
 79 
 
 96 
 
 17 
 
 374 
 
 100 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 289 
 
 77 
 
 80 
 
 21 
 
 183 
 
 100 
 
 102 
 
 56 
 
 49 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 17 
 
 78 
 
 100 
 
 53 
 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 2,386 
 
 100 
 
 854 
 
 36 
 
 1,096 
 
 46 
 
 437 
 
 18 
 
 844 
 
 100 
 
 327 
 
 39 
 
 346 
 
 41 
 
 171 
 
 20 
 
 226 
 
 100 
 
 77 
 
 34 
 
 134 
 
 59 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 140 
 
 100 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 121 
 
 87 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 11,597 
 
 100 
 
 4,691 
 
 40 
 
 1,037 
 
 9 
 
 5,869 
 
 51 
 
 8,029 
 
 100 
 
 3,153 
 
 39 
 
 646 
 
 8 
 
 4,230 
 
 53 
 
Table 4 —Participation of U.S., National, Pan. -Hon. -Lib., and Other Flag Ships,* in Oceanborne Dry Cargo 
 
 (In thousands 
 
 
 INBOUND AND OUTBOUND 
 
 OUTBOUND 
 
 Country 
 
 Total 
 All Fl 
 
 ags 
 
 Tot 
 U.S. 
 
 il, 
 Flag 
 
 Total 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Total, Pan.- 
 Hon.-Lib. Flags 
 
 Total, 
 Other Flags 
 
 Total, 
 All Flags 
 
 Tots 
 U.S. 
 
 1, 
 Flag 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 All countries.. 
 18 maritime countries 
 
 108,554 
 
 45,928 
 
 562 
 2,181 
 3,551 
 
 402 
 49 
 
 736 
 5,433 
 
 187 
 
 2,929 
 
 5,773 
 
 11,387 
 
 5,970 
 
 377 
 1,07 7 
 
 762 
 
 282 
 3,770 
 
 500 
 
 62,626 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 7,807 
 
 2,258 
 
 
 
 5 
 291 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 1,517 
 
 9 
 11 
 14 
 
 
 196 
 
 
 71 
 
 
 74 
 
 5,549 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 + ♦ 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 + * 
 
 52 
 
 + ♦ 
 
 ** 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 15,920 
 
 10,660 
 
 21 
 
 123 
 
 102 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 531 
 
 1,007 
 
 128 
 
 19 
 
 3,453 
 
 1,946 
 
 828 
 
 242 
 
 497 
 
 507 
 
 112 
 
 1,042 
 
 99 
 
 5,260 
 
 15 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 72 
 
 19 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 60 
 
 17 
 
 14 
 
 64 
 
 46 
 
 67 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 37,650 
 
 10,058 
 
 144 
 
 372 
 
 1,493 
 
 74 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 53 5 
 
 29 
 
 377 
 
 1,564 
 
 3,476 
 
 850 
 
 17 
 
 142 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 777 
 
 151 
 
 27,592 
 
 35 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 42 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 27 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 44 
 
 47,177 
 
 22,952 
 
 397 
 1,681 
 1,665 
 
 325 
 49 
 
 184 
 
 3,822 
 
 29 
 
 1,016 
 
 747 
 5,954 
 4,278 
 
 118 
 
 242 
 
 239 
 
 79 
 
 1,951 
 
 176 
 
 24,225 
 
 43 
 
 50 
 
 71 
 77 
 47 
 81 
 100 
 25 
 70 
 15 
 34 
 13 
 52 
 72 
 32 
 23 
 31 
 28 
 52 
 35 
 
 39 
 
 49,117 
 
 40,287 
 
 562 
 
 1,281 
 
 1,303 
 
 386 
 
 32 
 
 600 
 
 4,958 
 
 30 
 
 2,621 
 
 5,663 
 
 11,167 
 
 5,762 
 
 283 
 
 848 
 
 641 
 
 158 
 
 3,538 
 
 454 
 
 8,830 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 269 
 
 795 
 
 
 5 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 335 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 196 
 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 74 
 
 474 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 2 
 51 
 
 
 ♦ ♦ 
 
 * + 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Germany (West) .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 United Kingdom. . . . 
 
 
 +1,000 gross tons and over. 
 **Less than 0.5 percent. 
 NOTE: Figures may not be additive across because of rounding. 
 
 Table 5.— Participation of U. S., National, Pan. -Lib., and Other Flag Ships,* in Oceanborne 
 
 (In thousands 
 
 
 
 
 
 INBOUND AND 
 
 OUTBOUND 
 
 
 
 
 OUTBOUND 
 
 
 Tot a 
 
 1, 
 
 Tota 
 
 1, 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Tota 
 
 1, 
 
 Tota 
 
 1, 
 
 Tota 
 
 1 , 
 
 Country 
 
 All Fl 
 
 Igs 
 
 u. s. 
 
 Flag 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Pan. -Lib. 
 
 r lags 
 
 Other 
 
 Flags 
 
 All Flags 
 
 U. S. 
 
 Flag 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 All countries . . 
 
 116,044 
 
 100 
 
 6,258 
 
 5 
 
 1,454 
 
 1 
 
 66,864 
 
 58 
 
 41,468 
 
 36 
 
 15,081 
 
 100 
 
 2,808 
 
 19 
 
 18 maritime countries 
 
 12,521 
 
 100 
 
 1,409 
 
 11 
 
 1,115 
 
 9 
 
 4,901' 
 
 39 
 
 5,096 
 
 41 
 
 11,895 
 
 100 
 
 1,409 
 
 12 
 
 
 28 
 880 
 680 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 16 
 19 
 29 
 
 58 
 2 
 4 
 
 
 273 
 232 
 
 
 31 
 34 
 
 12 
 588 
 239 
 
 42 
 67 
 35 
 
 28 
 848 
 583 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 100 
 
 34 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 223 
 704 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 17 
 217 
 
 7 
 31 
 
 167 
 487 
 
 75 
 69 
 
 170 
 704 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Germany (West) .... 
 
 
 153 
 
 1,793 
 
 372 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 76 
 
 905 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 50 
 
 535 
 
 18 
 
 33 
 
 30 
 5 
 
 27 
 353 
 263 
 
 17 
 20 
 71 
 
 121 
 
 1,794 
 
 326 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 76 
 
 905 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 Italy 
 
 
 3,176 
 
 100 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 379 
 
 12 
 
 2,476 
 
 78 
 
 299 
 
 9 
 
 2,985 
 
 100 
 
 22 
 
 1 
 
 
 2,828 
 
 100 
 
 9 
 
 * + 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 986 
 
 35 
 
 1,798 
 
 64 
 
 2,747 
 
 100 
 
 9 
 
 ♦ + 
 
 
 62 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 62 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 229 
 100 
 305 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 62 
 38 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 38 
 
 6 
 
 11 
 18 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 53 
 
 44 
 173 
 
 23 
 44 
 57 
 
 229 
 100 
 275 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 103 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 
 United Kingdom. . . . 
 
 917 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 318 
 
 35 
 
 58 
 
 6 
 
 541 
 
 59 
 
 858 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 48 
 
 11 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 48 
 
 All other 
 
 103,523 
 
 100 
 
 4,849 
 
 5 
 
 339 
 
 ** 
 
 61,963 
 
 60 
 
 36,372 
 
 35 
 
 3,186 
 
 100 
 
 1,399 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 ♦1,000 gross tons and over. 
 ♦♦Less than 0.5 percent. 
 NOTE: Figures may not be additive across because of rounding. 
 
 LO 
 
Trades, Other Than Liner, Between the United States and Principal Maritime Countries During 1960 
 
 of long tons) 
 
 OUTBOUND — Con. 
 
 INBOUND 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total, Pan.- 
 
 Tot a 
 
 L, 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 , 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total, Pan.- 
 
 Tota 
 
 L, 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Hon.-Lib. Flags 
 
 Other Flags 
 
 All Fl 
 
 ags 
 
 U.S. Flag 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Hon.-Lib. Flags 
 
 Other 
 
 Flags 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 11 , 502 
 
 23 
 
 10,283 
 
 21 
 
 24 , 063 
 
 49 
 
 59,437 
 
 . 100 
 
 4,537 
 
 7 
 
 4,557 
 
 8 
 
 27,367 
 
 46 
 
 22,976 
 
 39 
 
 9,971 
 
 25 
 
 8,484 
 
 21 
 
 20,037 
 
 50 
 
 5,641 
 
 100 
 
 462 
 
 8 
 
 689 
 
 12 
 
 1,574 
 
 28 
 
 2,916 
 
 52 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 144 
 
 25 
 
 397 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 10 
 
 195 
 
 15 
 
 958 
 
 75 
 
 900 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 178 
 
 20 
 
 722 
 
 80 
 
 51 
 
 4 
 
 487 
 
 37 
 
 735 
 
 57 
 
 2,248 
 
 100 
 
 260 
 
 12 
 
 51 
 
 2 
 
 1,006 
 
 45 
 
 931 
 
 41 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 74 
 
 19 
 
 310 
 
 80 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 100 
 
 17 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 100 
 
 498 
 
 83 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 89 
 
 15 
 
 136 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 95 
 
 70 
 
 905 
 
 18 
 
 461 
 
 9 
 
 3,523 
 
 71 
 
 475 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 102 
 
 21 
 
 74 
 
 16 
 
 299 
 
 63 
 
 29 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 157 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 99 
 
 63 
 
 29 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 337 
 
 13 
 
 930 
 
 35 
 
 308 
 
 100 
 
 181 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 13 
 
 87 
 
 28 
 
 3,388 
 
 60 
 
 1,542 
 
 27 
 
 733 
 
 13 
 
 110 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 65 
 
 59 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 1,880 
 
 17 
 
 3,434 
 
 31 
 
 5,852 
 
 52 
 
 220 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 66 
 
 30 
 
 42 
 
 19 
 
 102 
 
 46 
 
 825 
 
 15 
 
 822 
 
 14 
 
 4,101 
 
 71 
 
 208 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 177 
 
 85 
 
 207 
 
 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 27 
 
 94 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 37 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 42 
 
 45 
 
 425 
 
 50 
 
 97 
 
 12 
 
 130 
 
 15 
 
 229 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 32 
 
 45 
 
 19 
 
 111 
 
 4.9 
 
 4 56 
 
 71 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 169 
 
 26 
 
 121 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 71 
 
 58 
 
 56 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 124 
 
 100 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 46 
 
 20 
 
 16 
 
 47 
 
 37 
 
 987 
 
 28 
 
 740 
 
 21 
 
 1,811 
 
 51 
 
 232 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 56 
 
 24 
 
 36 
 
 15 
 
 140 
 
 61 
 
 99 
 
 22 
 
 122 
 
 27 
 
 159 
 
 35 
 
 46 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 63 
 
 17 
 
 37 
 
 1,531 
 
 17 
 
 1,799 
 
 20 
 
 4,026 
 
 46 
 
 53,796 
 
 100 
 
 4,075 
 
 8 
 
 3,868 
 
 7 
 
 25,793 
 
 48 
 
 20,060 
 
 37 
 
 Tanker Trades Between the United States and Principal Maritime Countries During 1960 
 
 of long tons) 
 
 
 
 OUTBOUND— 
 
 :on. 
 
 
 
 INBOUND 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Tota 
 
 1, 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Pan. -Lib. 
 
 Flags 
 
 Other 
 
 Flags 
 
 All Fl 
 
 ags 
 
 U. S. Flag 
 
 National 
 
 Flag 
 
 Pan. -Lib. 
 
 Flags 
 
 Other Flags 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 1,064 
 
 7 
 
 5,321 
 
 35 
 
 5,888 
 
 39 
 
 100,963 
 
 100 
 
 3,450 
 
 3 
 
 390 
 
 1 
 
 61,543 
 
 61 
 
 35,580 
 
 35 
 
 995 
 
 8 
 
 4,677 
 
 39 
 
 4,814 
 
 41 
 
 626 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 120 
 
 19 
 
 224 
 
 36 
 
 282 
 
 45 
 
 16 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 2 
 
 267 
 
 32 
 
 562 
 
 66 
 
 32 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 20 
 
 26 
 
 80 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 200 
 
 34 
 
 174 
 
 30 
 
 96 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 64 
 
 67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 100 
 
 40 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 10 
 
 113 
 
 67 
 
 53 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 217 
 
 31 
 
 487 
 
 69 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 535 
 
 30 
 
 354 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 27 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 219 
 
 67 
 
 46 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 97 
 
 282 
 
 9 
 
 2,382 
 
 80 
 
 299 
 
 10 
 
 190 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 51 
 
 94 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 1 
 
 954 
 
 35 
 
 1,748 
 
 64 
 
 81 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 39 
 
 50 
 
 61 
 
 59 
 
 96 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 27 
 
 12 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 38 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 
 153 
 
 56 
 
 30 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 33 
 
 20 
 
 67 
 
 296 
 
 34 
 
 39 
 
 5 
 
 523 
 
 61 
 
 59 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 37 
 
 19 
 
 32 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 11 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 2 
 
 644 
 
 20 
 
 1,074 
 
 34 
 
 100,337 
 
 100 
 
 3,450 
 
 4 
 
 270 
 
 ** 
 
 61,319 
 
 61 
 
 35,298 
 
 35 
 
 11 
 
Table 6.— Participation of U.S., National, and Other Flag Ships, * in Total Oceanborne Trades Between The 
 United States and Principal Maritime Countries During 1959 and 1960 
 
 (In millions of long tons) 
 
 
 Total, 
 
 All Flag 
 
 s 
 
 Total, U 
 
 .S. Fl 
 
 ag 
 
 |Tota 
 
 1, National 
 
 Flag, 
 
 Tot 
 
 al, Other Flag 
 
 s 
 
 Country 
 
 1960 
 
 1959 
 
 1960 
 
 1959 
 
 1960 
 
 1959 
 
 1960 
 
 1959 
 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 Tons 
 
 Per- 
 cent 
 
 All countries . . 
 
 27 2.8 
 
 100 
 
 263.0 
 
 100 
 
 28.6 
 
 10.5 
 
 25.6 
 
 9.7 
 
 31.3 
 
 11.5 
 
 35.1 
 
 13.4 
 
 212.9 
 
 78.0 
 
 202.3 
 
 76.9 
 
 18 maritime countries 
 
 87.1 
 
 100 
 
 81.5 
 
 100 
 
 10.4 
 
 11.9 
 
 9.5 
 
 11.7 
 
 24.0 
 
 27.6 
 
 24.8 
 
 30.4 
 
 52.7 
 
 60.5 
 
 47.2 
 
 57.9 
 
 Argentina 
 
 1.3 
 
 100 
 
 1.1 
 
 100 
 
 .3 
 
 23.1 
 
 .2 
 
 18.2 
 
 .2 
 
 15.4 
 
 .2 
 
 18.2 
 
 .8 
 
 61.5 
 
 .7 
 
 63.6 
 
 
 5.4 
 5.7 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 6.3 
 5.6 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 .3 
 1.0 
 
 5.6 
 17.5 
 
 .4 
 1.2 
 
 6.4 
 21.4 
 
 .6 
 .5 
 
 11.1 
 8.8 
 
 .6 
 .4 
 
 9.5 
 7.2 
 
 4.5 
 4.2 
 
 83.3 
 73.7 
 
 5.3 
 4.0 
 
 84 .1 
 
 
 71.4 
 
 
 .8 
 
 100 
 
 1.1 
 
 100 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 .2 
 
 25.0 
 
 .2 
 
 18.2 
 
 .6 
 
 75.0 
 
 .9 
 
 81.8 
 
 
 .5 
 
 100 
 
 .5 
 
 100 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 .2 
 
 40.0 
 
 .2 
 
 40.0 
 
 .3 
 
 60.0 
 
 .3 
 
 60.0 
 
 
 1.9 
 8.7 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 2.0 
 8.5 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 .3 
 .6 
 
 15.8 
 6.9 
 
 .2 
 .6 
 
 10.0 
 7.1 
 
 .7 
 1.9 
 
 36.8 
 
 21.8 
 
 .7 
 2.1 
 
 35.0 
 24.7 
 
 .9 
 6.2 
 
 47.4 
 71.3 
 
 1.0 
 5.8 
 
 55.0 
 
 Germany (West) .... 
 
 68.2 
 
 
 .6 
 6.7 
 8.5 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 100 
 
 .5 
 
 4.4 
 7.6 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 .2 
 
 3.2 
 
 .5 
 
 33.3 
 
 47.8 
 5.9 
 
 .2 
 
 1.9 
 
 .6 
 
 40.0 
 
 43.2 
 
 7.9 
 
 .2 
 
 .1 
 
 4.6 
 
 33.3 
 
 1.5 
 
 54.1 
 
 .1 
 
 .1 
 
 4.3 
 
 20.0 
 
 2.3 
 
 56.6 
 
 .2 
 3.4 
 3.4 
 
 33.4 
 50.7 
 40.0 
 
 .2 
 
 2.4 
 2.7 
 
 40.0 
 
 
 54 .5 
 
 Italy 
 
 35.5 
 
 
 21.4 
 
 100 
 
 17.3 
 
 100 
 
 1.3 
 
 6.1 
 
 1.2 
 
 6.9 
 
 7.1 
 
 33.2 
 
 6.7 
 
 38.7 
 
 13.0 
 
 60.7 
 
 9.3 
 
 54.4 
 
 
 11.4 
 
 100 
 
 11.9 
 
 100 
 
 .5 
 
 4.4 
 
 .5 
 
 4.2 
 
 1.6 
 
 14.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 15.1 
 
 9.3 
 
 81.6 
 
 9.6 
 
 80.7 
 
 
 .9 
 
 100 
 
 1.1 
 
 100 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 ** 
 
 *** 
 
 .6 
 
 66.7 
 
 .6 
 
 54.6 
 
 .3 
 
 33.3 
 
 .4 
 
 45.4 
 
 
 1.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 .8 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 2.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 .5 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 .5 
 
 ** 
 .3 
 
 26.3 
 
 *** 
 37.5 
 
 .7 
 ** 
 .2 
 
 33.3 
 
 *** 
 40.0 
 
 .8 
 
 1.3 
 
 .2 
 
 42.1 
 72.2 
 25.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 1.4 
 
 .1 
 
 52.4 
 73.7 
 20.0 
 
 .6 
 .5 
 .3 
 
 31.6 
 27.8 
 37.5 
 
 .3 
 .4 
 .2 
 
 14.3 
 
 
 26.3 
 
 
 40.0 
 
 United Kingdom. . . . 
 
 7.9 
 
 ioo 
 
 7 .5 
 
 100 
 
 1.2 
 
 15.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 14.7 
 
 2.8 
 
 35.4 
 
 3.1 
 
 41.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 49.4 
 
 3.3 
 
 44.0 
 
 
 .9 
 
 100 
 
 1.6 
 
 100 
 
 .2 
 
 22.2 
 
 .5 
 
 31.2 
 
 .4 
 
 44.4 
 
 .7 
 
 43.8 
 
 .3 
 
 33.4 
 
 .4 
 
 25.0 
 
 
 185.7 
 
 100 
 
 181.5 
 
 100 
 
 18.2 
 
 9.8 
 
 16.1 
 
 8.9 
 
 7.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 10.3 
 
 5.7 
 
 160.2 
 
 86.3 
 
 155.1 
 
 85.4 
 
 
 
 *1 , 000 gross tons and over. 
 
 **Less than .1. 
 ***Less than 0.1 . 
 NOTE: Figures may not be additive across because of rounding (extra percentages have been added in "other flags" column 
 
 to make 100 percent total, in some cases). 
 
 Table 7. — Inbound Commercial Sailings with Cargo to Continental U. S., Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico Ports, by Type of 
 
 Service and Flag of Ship* During Calendar Year 1960 
 
 
 Total sailings, 
 all services 
 
 Number of sailings 
 
 Flag of registry 
 
 Liner** 
 
 Irregular*** 
 
 Tanker 
 
 
 19,889 
 2,987 
 
 15,091 
 
 62 
 
 105 
 
 57 
 
 527 
 
 93 
 
 265 
 
 1,556 
 
 455 
 
 16 
 
 476 
 
 734 
 
 3,295 
 
 841 
 
 2.924 
 
 1,217 
 
 106 
 
 7 54 
 
 17 
 
 1,519 
 
 72 
 
 1,811 
 
 8,558 
 2,251 
 
 5,618 
 
 61 
 100 
 
 52 
 311 
 
 82 
 140 
 719 
 
 79 
 
 16 
 235 
 663 
 335 
 532 
 1,002 
 118 
 
 59 
 
 403 
 
 1 
 
 654 
 
 56 
 
 689 
 
 6,839 
 580 
 
 5,252 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 90 
 
 11 
 
 104 
 
 788 
 
 260 
 
 
 
 147 
 
 52 
 
 1,206 
 
 176 
 
 1,001 
 
 506 
 
 41 
 
 290 
 
 16 
 
 539 
 
 16 
 
 1,007 
 
 4,492 
 
 
 156 
 
 
 4,221 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Brazil 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 49 
 116 
 
 
 
 
 Italy 
 
 94 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 1,754 
 
 
 133 
 921 
 
 
 593 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 
 
 326 
 
 
 
 
 
 115 
 
 
 
 ♦Ships of 1,000 gross tons and over. 
 **Includes cruise. 
 ♦♦♦Includes industrial. 
 
 Source: Office of Ship Statistics. 
 
 12 
 
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 CD UJ 
 
 cr » 
 
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