Qjo i. 3o :iAjSz^<y 
 
 WestVirginia 
 Exports 
 
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 «1« U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 
 ^^^^ International Trade Administration 
 
 An ita Washington, D.C. 20230 
 
 Publication August 1984 
 
EXPORTS... 
 
 . . . their importance to 
 the United States economy 
 
 Exports play an important role in our economy 
 and in the increasingly interdependent world econ- 
 omy. The United States is the world's largest 
 exporter — currently selling $200 billion of U.S. 
 goods abroad — and is the world's largest economy. 
 With 5 percent of the world's population, our coun- 
 try produces 24 percent of the world's industrial 
 goods. 
 
 Exporting provides a broader marketing base for 
 U.S. firms and is considerably more important than 
 many Americans realize. Exports currently account 
 for 5 million jobs in the United States. On average, 
 25,000 jobs are generated per $1 billion of U.S. 
 merchandise exports. 
 
 Many jobs depend on exports 
 
 Employment generated by exports is much great- 
 er than the number actually employed in producing 
 the final products shipped abroad. Exports create a 
 large demand for employment that spreads throughout 
 our economy. This includes all the jobs needed to 
 produce goods and services supplied to export pro- 
 ducers, the jobs needed by the export producers to 
 produce exports, and the jobs needed to move prod- 
 ucts to our ports or borders for transport to other 
 countries. 
 
 Most of the export-related jobs are in manufactur- 
 ing and services. According to the latest estimates, 
 49 percent of the jobs are in manufacturing, 37 
 percent in services, and 14 percent in production of 
 nonmanufactured goods. The importance of export 
 employment varies among the industries. About one 
 out of every eight Americans currently employed in 
 manufacturing is dependent on exports of manufac- 
 tured goods. About one out of every six jobs produc- 
 ing nonmanufactured goods and one out of 24 jobs 
 in services are export-related. 
 
 Exports affect production and employment in all 
 industries, not just in a few major export industries. 
 For example, while the primary metals industries 
 directly export about $6 billion of their products 
 annually, an additional $21 billion of steel and 
 other metals are exported in the form of American- 
 made computers, aircraft, tractors, and other man- 
 ufactured goods. 
 
 Exports are of great importance to America's farm- 
 ers as well. They account for $1 of every $4 of farm 
 sales. Likewise, many jobs in the coal mining and 
 mineral industries, as well as a considerable number 
 in the fishing industry, are dependent on overseas 
 
 sales. Exports also support employment in the truck- 
 ing, rail transport, insurance, and other service 
 industries. 
 
 Exports essential 
 
 But the basic importance of exports is that they 
 are the principal means by which America pays for 
 its purchases from foreign countries. The United 
 States imports proportionately far less than other 
 major countries, but imports have become increas- 
 ingly important to the American standard of living — 
 and they have to be paid for. The other major indus- 
 trial nations generally cover the cost of the goods 
 they import by their exports. Merchandise exports 
 and imports each account for an average of about 20 
 percent of the gross national product in that group 
 of countries. American exports, however, were only 
 5.9 percent of GNP in 1983, while the ratio of imports 
 to GNP stood at 7.8 percent. This gap between 
 exports and imports is the trade deficit, which 
 amounted to $57.6 billion in 1983. 
 
 The strength of our exports means a great deal to 
 America. Exports are important to all the 50 states, 
 and each state plays a significant role in meeting the 
 need to export more. This report helps explain that 
 role and shows the significance of exports in rela- 
 tion to employment and production. 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Inside 
 
 front Importance of Exports to U.S. Economy 
 cover 
 
 1 West Virginia's Export Highlights 
 
 2 Explanatory Notes 
 
 3 Table 1 - West Virginia's Manufactured 
 
 Exports, Production, and Employment, 
 1981 
 
 4 Table 2 - Growth in West Virginia's 
 
 Manufactured Exports 
 
 5 Table 3 - U.S. Manufactured Exports by 
 
 State 
 6, 7 Map - U.S. Manufactured Exports by State 
 
 8 Table 4 - West Virginia's Agricultural Exports 
 
 9 Table 5 - U.S. Agricultural Exports by 
 
 State 
 
 10 Table 6 - West Virginia's Manufactured 
 
 Production, Export-Related Manufactures 
 and Employment, 1981 
 
 11 Table 7 - Growth in West Virginia's Export- 
 
 Related Manufactures 
 
 12 Table 8 - Export-Related Manufactures 
 
 and Employment by State 
 Inside Chart - Exports of U.S. Manufacturing 
 back Industries Related to Domestic 
 cover Production 
 
WestVirginia 
 
 Export 
 
 Highlights 
 
 West Virginia's exports of manufactured goods totaled 
 $1.2 billion in 1981, 174 percent above the 1977 level. They 
 rose much faster than production. 
 
 An estimated 6,600 jobs were directly related to producing manufactured 
 exports. About 9,300 additional jobs were required to produce materials and parts 
 for incorporation in products exported from the 50 states. Thus, 15,900 jobs in 
 West Virginia were dependent on exports of manufactured goods — about one 
 of every seven manufacturing jobs in the state. 
 
 As the country's leading exporter of bituminous coal, West Virginia shipped overseas 
 $1.8 billion worth of this product in 1981. 
 
 Manufactured exports rose rapidly 
 
 West Virginia's exports of manufactures totaled 
 $1.2 billion in 1981, an increase of 174 percent since 
 1977. The state ranked 33rd nationally in sales of 
 these products to foreign countries. Its exports 
 accounted for 1 percent of the U.S. total. Manufac- 
 turing shipments from West Virginia firms rose by 
 37 percent during 1977 to 1981, much slower than 
 exports. 
 
 West Virginia's leading manufactured export in 
 1981 was chemicals. These shipments accounted for 
 more than half of the state's foreign sales. Primary 
 metals and petroleum/coal products also were a 
 sizable share of the state's manufactured exports. 
 
 Foreign sales of chemicals and allied products 
 were valued at $642 million in 1981, a 138 percent 
 increase over 1977. Export growth more than dou- 
 bled the industry's rate of increase in output. Dur- 
 ing the same period, manufacturing output rose by 
 54 percent. Exports accounted for 15 percent of 
 production in that year and provided jobs for an 
 estimated 2,600 West Virginia workers. 
 
 Overseas sales of primary metals more than quadru- 
 pled in value from 1977 to 1981. Output, however, 
 increased by 25 percent in that period. Exports in 
 1981 were valued at $189 million and resulted in the 
 state being ranked 10th nationally as an exporter of 
 these products. Although shipments overseas re- 
 presented only 6.7 percent of production in this 
 West Virginia industry, some 1,500 jobs were directly 
 related to exports. 
 
 West Virginia ranked sixth nationally as an exporter 
 of petroleum and coal products. Valued at $123 
 million in 1981, these exports were one-fourth of 
 this industry's output value. These overseas sales 
 grew much faster than production and accounted 
 for 54 percent of output growth. About one hundred 
 jobs were generated from these exports. 
 
 The Census Bureau has estimated that the full 
 impact of U.S. exports on West Virginia's manu- 
 facturing activity was 19.7 percent rather than the 
 10.0 percent attributable to direct exports as shown 
 in table 3. Estimates including supporting shipments 
 of materials and parts for incorporation in products 
 exported from 50 states are shown in tables 6 to 8. 
 Thus, of the expanded manufacturing output gen- 
 erated between 1977 and 1981, 39 percent — or $1 out 
 of every $3 — was due to export-related shipments. 
 
 Varied agricultural exports 
 
 West Virginia's share of U.S. agricultural exports 
 in FY 1982, including some manufactures of farm 
 origin, totaled an estimated $22 million, double the 
 FY 1977 value. The leading farm exports were fruits 
 and meats, together accounting for more than a 
 third of the total. Other products exported from the 
 state were poultry, hides and skins, fats, oils and 
 greases and feed grains. 
 
 The sharp growth in exports of agricultural prod- 
 ucts from FY 1977 to FY 1982 accounted for 13 
 percent of the rise in farm sales and added substan- 
 tially to the income of West Virginia farmers. In 
 
 (continued on back cover) 
 
 U.S. Depository Copy 
 
Explanatory 
 Notes 
 
 State export statistics presented in this report are esti- 
 mates, in contrast to national export statistics, which are 
 compiled from export documents prepared at the time 
 goods leave the country. This note considers the reasons 
 for, and consequences of, that difference. 
 
 Export estimates for each state are needed in order to 
 measure the relative impact throughout our nation of 
 changes in goods sold abroad. National export data are 
 compiled each month in detail by types of goods sold and 
 summarized in large commodity aggregates and overall 
 totals — but in order to measure exports by each state of 
 origin, which is not identified in shippers' export docu- 
 ments, special studies are necessary. 
 
 This report — one in a series of reports for each state — 
 brings together state export estimates from studies by 
 various U.S. Government agencies on manufactured goods, 
 agricultural products, fishery products, and selected miner- 
 als. Overall totals for all goods exported from each state 
 are not shown since these studies differ in methodology, 
 frequency, export valuation, and U.S. geographic cover- 
 age, and the manufactures and agricultural studies some- 
 what overlap the products covered. 
 
 Manufactured Exports in this report relate to manufac- 
 tures as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification 
 (SIC) and include manufactured food, mineral fuel prod- 
 ucts, fats, oils, firearms, and ammunition not typically 
 part of the Standard International Trade Classification 
 (SITC) definition of manufactures. For the United States 
 as a whole, exports of these additional products totaled 
 $28.5 billion in 1981. Exports, normally valued at the port 
 of exportation, are adjusted to f.o.b. plant values to make 
 accurate comparisons with production (shipments) data. 
 
 The state estimates for manufactured goods are based 
 on surveys of manufacturers conducted by the Industry 
 Division of the Bureau of the Census. These studies are 
 for selected years; cover the continental United States, 
 Alaska, and Hawaii; and present data classified by the 20 
 major SIC industry groups (2-digit). Tables 1 to 3 show 
 
 the value of state exports and state production, and the 
 number of workers employed in manufacturing plants 
 producing the finished goods for direct shipment to for- 
 eign destinations. 
 
 State economies also benefit from manufactured goods 
 produced for ultimate export through other states, and 
 from jobs related to manufactured exports which are gen- 
 erated in nonmanufacturing industries. In the table below, 
 percentages show the full impact of export-related 
 manufactures on state employment. Tables 6 to 8 show 
 the percent of production and the value of state export- 
 related manufactures — direct exports plus indirect exports 
 or the value of materials and parts incorporated in prod- 
 ucts exported from elsewhere in the nation — and the number 
 of state export-related workers employed in manufactur- 
 ing plants producing these goods. Table 8 also shows the 
 total number of workers related to manufactured exports — 
 in manufacturing plus the number in nonmanufacturing 
 industries supporting manufactured exports by supplying 
 materials or services such as forwarding, warehousing, 
 transport, and other foreign trade-related services. 
 
 Agricultural Exports relate to food products other than 
 those from marine sources, unmanufactured tobacco, and 
 other agricultural products simply processed such as fibers, 
 raw hides and skins, fats and oils, wine and beverages 
 other than distilled types. 
 
 The state estimates for agricultural exports are from 
 studies prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 
 Exports reflect shares in national exports according to 
 each state's production and sales data. Export values were 
 obtained by multiplying each state's share of farm pro- 
 duction by commodity times the total export value for 
 each of the respective commodities. These annual studies 
 are for fiscal years ending September 30 and for all states 
 except Alaska, and show data classified by 18 commodity 
 groups. Tables 4 and 5 show the value of state exports and 
 the percent of farm sales. 
 
 Other Exports — Fishery products, various minerals, and 
 fuel export estimates shown in the Highlights on page 1 
 for selected states are from studies prepared by the National 
 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the 
 U.S. Department of Interior, and the U.S. Department of 
 Energy, respectively. Exports generally reflect shares in 
 national exports according to state production. 
 
 Annual Exports and Employment Related to Manufactured Exports 
 
 
 Manufactured exports 
 
 Manufacturing employment 
 
 Total employment, including 
 nonmanufacturing employment 
 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Percent of 
 
 manufacturing 
 
 employment 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Percent of 
 
 civilian 
 employment 
 
 West Virginia * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1976 
 
 447 
 
 14.0 
 
 11.7 
 
 25.2 
 
 4.0 
 
 1977 
 
 438 
 
 12.0 
 
 10.3 
 
 22.9 
 
 3.7 
 
 1980 
 
 996 
 
 17.4 
 
 15.1 
 
 31.8 
 
 4.4 
 
 1981 
 
 1,199 
 
 15.9 
 
 14.6 
 
 30.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 United States 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1976 
 
 83,098 
 
 2,125.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 3,452.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 1977 
 
 85,796 
 
 1,990.2 
 
 10.2 
 
 3,258.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 1980 
 
 151,216 
 
 2,639.3 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,808.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 1981 
 
 164,283 
 
 2,603.8 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,794.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 ♦West Virginia's export-related manufactures were as follows in million dollars: 1976, 1,141; 1977, 1,108; 1980, 2,085; and 1981, 
 2,361. About 39 percent of the increase in West Virginia's manufacturing production from 1977 to 1981 was generated by growth in 
 export-related manufactures. 
 
TABLE 1 
 
 WestVirginia Manufactured 
 Exports, Production, and 
 Employment, 1981 
 
 West Virginia leading manufactured 
 exports were chemicals, primary metals, 
 and petroleum/coal products. 
 
 These three industries accounted for 
 80 percent of West Virginia's total 
 exports of manufactures. 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 Estimated 
 Production exports 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 Exports as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Estimated 
 
 employment 
 
 related to 
 
 exports 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Employment 
 
 related to 
 
 exports as 
 
 percent of 
 
 total 
 
 employment 
 
 Total 
 
 11,928 
 
 1,199 
 
 10.0 
 
 6.6 
 
 6.1 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 4,271 
 
 642 
 
 15.0 
 
 2.6 
 
 14.0 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 2,838 
 
 189 
 
 6.7 
 
 1.5 
 
 6.9 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 476 
 
 123 
 
 25.8 
 
 0.1 
 
 14.3 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 424 
 
 57 
 
 13.4 
 
 0.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 779 
 
 54 
 
 7.0 
 
 0.9 
 
 6.8 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 371 
 
 51 
 
 13.6 
 
 0.4 
 
 9.3 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 718 
 
 32 
 
 4.5 
 
 0.3 
 
 4.2 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 274 
 
 10 
 
 3.8 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 556 
 
 6 
 
 1.0 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 135 
 
 2 
 
 1.7 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 — 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 120 
 
 2 
 
 1.3 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 — 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 211 
 
 1 
 
 0.6 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 -- 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 35 
 
 1 
 
 3.8 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 142 
 
 1 
 
 0.4 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 0.7 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 -- 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 2 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 9.5 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 — 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 — 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 C) 
 
 — 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 V) 
 
 — 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 V) 
 
 — 
 
 1 Total includes estimated exports, production values, and employment numbers which are withheld for certain industry groups to 
 avoid disclosure of individual companies' data. 
 
 2 Less than 50 employees. 3 Less than $500,000. — Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 2 
 
 West Virginia Growth 
 in Manufactured 
 Exports 
 
 • In 1981, West Virginia's manufactured 
 exports totaled $1.2 billion, two and 
 three-fourths times the 1977 value 
 
 • Over half the increase stemmed from 
 growth in chemical products exports. 
 
 
 
 Export value 
 (million dollars) 
 
 
 Percent increase 
 from 1977 to 1981 
 
 Pro- 
 Exports duction 
 
 Export 
 increase as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 1960 
 
 1969 
 
 1972 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 increase 
 1977-81 
 
 Total 
 
 136 
 
 235 
 
 295 
 
 438 
 
 1,-199 
 
 174 
 
 37 
 
 24 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 80 
 
 142 
 
 182 
 
 270 
 
 642 
 
 138 
 
 54 
 
 25 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 32 
 
 46 
 
 189 
 
 308 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 o 
 
 
 2 
 
 123 
 
 8,080 
 
 89 
 
 54 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 10 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 39 2 
 
 57 
 
 46 3 
 
 29 3 
 
 19 3 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 54 
 
 103 
 
 9 
 
 44 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 6 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 11 
 
 51 
 
 348 
 
 36 
 
 40 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 
 7 
 
 32 
 
 364 
 
 49 
 
 11 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 2 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 75 
 
 46 
 
 5 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 375 
 
 42 
 
 3 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 77 
 
 28 
 
 3 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 n\ 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 100 
 
 38 
 
 2 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 /1\ 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 — 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 /4\ 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 550 
 
 43 
 
 11 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 n\ 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 
 
 -17 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 /« 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 ( 24 ) 
 
 
 67 3 
 
 167 3 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 /1\ 
 
 10-25 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 -93 
 
 -96 
 
 ~ 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 m 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 /« 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 25-49 2 
 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 n\ 
 
 1-5 
 
 
 1-4 2 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 /n 
 
 0-1 
 
 
 1-4 2 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 Not available. 2 1976. 3 1976-81. ' Less than $500,000. 5 Less than one 
 
 half of one 
 
 percent. - 
 
 Not applicable. 
 
 
 Note: Totals for all years include values for industry groups which are not shown separately. 
 
TABLE 3 
 
 United States 
 Manufactured Exports 
 by State 
 
 California, Texas, Illinois, Ohio, and 
 Michigan continued to be the top five 
 exporters of manufactures in 1981. 
 
 Manufactured exports totaled $2 billion 
 or more for almost half of the 50 states. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Employment 
 
 
 
 
 Export value 
 
 
 Percent 
 
 Estimated 
 
 related to 
 
 
 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 
 increase 
 
 exports as 
 
 exports as 
 
 
 Rank as 
 
 
 
 
 
 trom 
 
 percent of 
 
 percent of 
 
 
 exporter 
 
 
 
 
 
 1977 to 
 
 state 
 
 state 
 
 State 
 
 in 1981 
 
 1969 
 
 1972 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 1981 
 
 production 
 
 employment 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 — 
 
 29,210 
 
 36,608 
 
 85,796 
 
 164,283 
 
 91 
 
 8.1 
 
 7.3 
 
 California 
 
 1 
 
 2,721 
 
 2,809 
 
 9,116 
 
 18,775 
 
 106 
 
 9.8 
 
 9.7 
 
 Texas 
 
 2 
 
 1,468 
 
 1,982 
 
 5,386 
 
 11,687 
 
 117 
 
 6.5 
 
 7.2 
 
 Illinois 
 
 3 
 
 2,343 
 
 2,902 
 
 6,313 
 
 10,369 
 
 64 
 
 8.2 
 
 6.9 
 
 Ohio 
 
 4 
 
 2,338 
 
 3,054 
 
 6,028 
 
 10,353 
 
 72 
 
 8.5 
 
 7.9 
 
 Michigan 
 
 5 
 
 2,613 
 
 3,522 
 
 6,937 
 
 10,275 
 
 48 
 
 9.8 
 
 7.6 
 
 New York 
 
 6 
 
 2,296 
 
 2,795 
 
 5,833 
 
 10,155 
 
 74 
 
 8.5 
 
 6.5 
 
 Washington 
 
 7 
 
 954 
 
 1,781 
 
 2,805 
 
 9,023 
 
 222 
 
 24.5 
 
 21.9 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 8 
 
 1,902 
 
 2,351 
 
 4,714 
 
 8,129 
 
 72 
 
 7.1 
 
 6.9 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 9 
 
 818 
 
 920 
 
 2,310 
 
 5,096 
 
 121 
 
 10.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 Indiana 
 
 10 
 
 998 
 
 1,404 
 
 2,942 
 
 5,008 
 
 70 
 
 7.1 
 
 7.0 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 11 
 
 739 
 
 705 
 
 2,291 
 
 4,682 
 
 104 
 
 7.5 
 
 5.0 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 12 
 
 1,114 
 
 1,328 
 
 2,881 
 
 4,469 
 
 55 
 
 6.1 
 
 5.8 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 13 
 
 785 
 
 916 
 
 2,132 
 
 4,031 
 
 89 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.4 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 14 
 
 396 
 
 541 
 
 1,494 
 
 3,725 
 
 149 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.6 
 
 Florida 
 
 15 
 
 426 
 
 567 
 
 1,583 
 
 3,352 
 
 112 
 
 9.1 
 
 6.6 
 
 Virginia 
 
 16 
 
 581 
 
 716 
 
 1,573 
 
 3,344 
 
 113 
 
 9.3 
 
 6.7 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 17 
 
 472 
 
 679 
 
 1,501 
 
 3,285 
 
 119 
 
 8.0 
 
 5.6 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 18 
 
 659 
 
 848 
 
 1,662 
 
 3,083 
 
 85 
 
 10.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 Missouri 
 
 19 
 
 634 
 
 577 
 
 1,682 
 
 3,013 
 
 79 
 
 7.3 
 
 6.2 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 20 
 
 492 
 
 654 
 
 1,605 
 
 2,730 
 
 70 
 
 7.7 
 
 7.1 
 
 Iowa 
 
 21 
 
 412 
 
 590 
 
 1,578 
 
 2,705 
 
 71 
 
 8.1 
 
 8.2 
 
 Georgia 
 
 22 
 
 428 
 
 580 
 
 1,419 
 
 2,505 
 
 76 
 
 5.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 23 
 
 254 
 
 312 
 
 1,150 
 
 2,230 
 
 94 
 
 8.0 
 
 5.5 
 
 Alabama 
 
 24 
 
 318 
 
 287 
 
 895 
 
 1,936 
 
 116 
 
 6.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 25 
 
 345 
 
 451 
 
 1,354 
 
 1,935 
 
 43 
 
 6.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 Oregon 
 
 26 
 
 240 
 
 237 
 
 906 
 
 1,724 
 
 90 
 
 9.2 
 
 9.0 
 
 Arizona 
 
 27 
 
 157 
 
 266 
 
 680 
 
 1,639 
 
 141 
 
 13.1 
 
 15.4 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 28 
 
 204 
 
 320 
 
 626 
 
 1,604 
 
 156 
 
 8.7 
 
 6.1 
 
 Kansas 
 
 29 
 
 241 
 
 283 
 
 689 
 
 1,517 
 
 120 
 
 5.7 
 
 7.6 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 30 
 
 158 
 
 252 
 
 639 
 
 1,515 
 
 137 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.3 
 
 Colorado 
 
 31 
 
 157 
 
 245 
 
 668 
 
 1,283 
 
 92 
 
 7.5 
 
 8.6 
 
 Maryland 
 
 32 
 
 362 
 
 314 
 
 634 
 
 1,219 
 
 92 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.3 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 33 
 
 235 
 
 295 
 
 438 
 
 1,199 
 
 174 
 
 10.0 
 
 6.1 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 34 
 
 181 
 
 236 
 
 718 
 
 1,159 
 
 61 
 
 5.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 134 
 
 328 
 
 945 
 
 188 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.3 
 
 Alaska 
 
 36 
 
 33-48 
 
 O 
 
 374 
 
 653 
 
 75 
 
 33.4 
 
 32.5 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 37 
 
 74 
 
 103 
 
 290 
 
 637 
 
 120 
 
 8.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 38 
 
 110 
 
 107 
 
 297 
 
 586 
 
 98 
 
 7.7 
 
 6.8 
 
 Maine 
 
 39 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 232 
 
 498 
 
 114 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.6 
 
 Idaho 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
 246 
 
 460 
 
 87 
 
 9.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 Utah 
 
 41 
 
 48 
 
 127 
 
 173 
 
 449 
 
 159 
 
 4.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 Delaware 
 
 42 
 
 124 
 
 128 
 
 155 
 
 375 
 
 142 
 
 4.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 Vermont 
 
 43 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 183 
 
 229 
 
 25 
 
 6.3 
 
 6.0 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 44 
 
 13 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 95 
 
 185 
 
 96 
 
 6.3 
 
 4.5 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 73 
 
 156 
 
 114 
 
 6.6 
 
 7.9 
 
 Nevada 
 
 46 
 
 10-25 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 105 
 
 238 
 
 6.8 
 
 5.1 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 47 
 
 10-25 
 
 V) 
 
 26 
 
 96 
 
 265 
 
 2.7 
 
 2.3 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 48 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 37 
 
 64 
 
 73 
 
 2.0 
 
 0.9 
 
 Montana 
 
 49 
 
 14 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 4 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 50 
 
 1-5 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 192 
 
 0.6 
 
 ~ 
 
 1 U.S. total includes values withheld to avoid disclosure for individual companies or because estimate did not meet publication 
 standards. — Not applicable. 
 
U.S. Manufactured 
 Exports by State 
 
 All 50 states shared in 
 
 U.S. exports of manufactures. 
 
 Exports accounted for varying 
 percentages of domestic 
 production 
 
 Estimated Value of Exports 
 of Manufactures, 1981 
 
 (in millions of dollars) 
 12,000 r- 
 10,000 
 
 18,775 
 
 1 
 
 to 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 T3 
 
 0) 
 
 3 1,000 
 
 T3 
 (3 
 
 500 
 100 
 
 rf 
 
 & & & <& <& cv# d> f& J> & & 
 
 p 
 
 «P & k S* .^ V oP «» vV «Sr <F fc \** \t» 
 
 > vV- .t>» .Co .-V v>- <K* k\J ^C>> \. \ .,>• «N /lS -t>> 
 
Estimated Exports as Percent 
 
 of Production, 1981 
 
 (Indicated by shading) 
 
 0.6% to 4.9% 
 5.0% to 6.4% 
 6.5% to 9.9% 
 10% or more 
 
 in millions of dollars) 
 12,000 
 10,000 
 
TABLE 4 
 
 WestVirginia 
 Agricultural Exports 
 
 • In fiscal 1982, West Virginia's share 
 of U.S. agricultural exports totaled 
 $22 million, double the 1977 value. 
 
 • Fruits and meats were the leading farm 
 exports from the state. 
 
 
 
 Estimated export! 
 (million dollars) 
 
 s 
 
 
 Percent 
 increase 
 
 Product 
 
 FY 1968 
 
 FY 1972 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 1977 to 
 1982 
 
 Total 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 97 
 
 Fruits and preparations 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 139 
 
 Meats and products 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 236 
 
 Poultry and products 
 
 1 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 117 
 
 Hides and skins 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 Fats, oils, and greases 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 43 
 
 Feed grains and products 
 
 n 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 60 
 
 Nuts and preparations 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 o 
 
 
 (') 
 
 1 
 
 — 
 
 Wheat and products 
 
 1 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 83 
 
 Tobacco, unmanufactured 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 Vegetables and preparations 
 
 o 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Other products 
 
 1 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 
 * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. 
 1 Not available. 2 Less than $500,000. - Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 5 
 
 United States 
 Agricultural Exports' 
 by State 
 
 Exports accounted for over one fourth 
 of total U.S. farm sales in FY 1982 and 
 for more than 25 percent of sales from 
 20 of the states. 
 
 Illinois, Iowa, California, and Texas 
 each exported more than $2 billion of 
 farm products. 
 
 
 
 
 Export value 
 
 
 Percent 
 
 
 
 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 
 increase 
 
 Exports as 
 
 
 Rank as 
 
 
 
 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 percent of 
 
 
 exporter 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 farm sales' 
 
 State 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1968 
 
 FY 1972 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 — 
 
 2 6,315 
 
 8,050 
 
 24,013 
 
 2 39,094 
 
 63 
 
 27.5 
 
 Illinois 
 
 1 
 
 585 
 
 758 
 
 2,539 
 
 3,306 
 
 30 
 
 43.3 
 
 Iowa 
 
 2 
 
 392 
 
 620 
 
 2,042 
 
 3,026 
 
 48 
 
 28.9 
 
 California 
 
 3 
 
 413 
 
 592 
 
 1,774 
 
 2,854 
 
 61 
 
 20.6 
 
 Texas 
 
 4 
 
 551 
 
 456 
 
 1,761 
 
 2,569 
 
 46 
 
 25.4 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 5 
 
 226 
 
 347 
 
 918 
 
 1,883 
 
 105 
 
 29.4 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 6 
 
 230 
 
 283 
 
 988 
 
 1,808 
 
 83 
 
 26.4 
 
 Kansas 
 
 7 
 
 296 
 
 365 
 
 998 
 
 1,628 
 
 63 
 
 29.3 
 
 Indiana 
 
 8 
 
 252 
 
 384 
 
 1,319 
 
 1,559 
 
 18 
 
 36.6 
 
 Missouri 
 
 9 
 
 174 
 
 317 
 
 766 
 
 1,404 
 
 83 
 
 34.4 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 10 
 
 166 
 
 250 
 
 554 
 
 1,326 
 
 149 
 
 50.7 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 11 
 
 255 
 
 352 
 
 907 
 
 1,283 
 
 41 
 
 39.2 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 12 
 
 366 
 
 420 
 
 964 
 
 1,247 
 
 29 
 
 29.8 
 
 Ohio 
 
 13 
 
 194 
 
 262 
 
 957 
 
 1,052 
 
 10 
 
 31.6 
 
 Washington 
 
 14 
 
 152 
 
 163 
 
 414 
 
 946 
 
 129 
 
 33.0 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 15 
 
 164 
 
 230 
 
 648 
 
 787 
 
 21 
 
 35.8 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 16 
 
 115 
 
 108 
 
 410 
 
 781 
 
 90 
 
 26.9 
 
 Michigan 
 
 17 
 
 92 
 
 107 
 
 318 
 
 753 
 
 137 
 
 28.2 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 18 
 
 69 
 
 132 
 
 473 
 
 731 
 
 55 
 
 24.7 
 
 Georgia 
 
 19 
 
 132 
 
 173 
 
 476 
 
 706 
 
 48 
 
 21.7 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 20 
 
 95 
 
 124 
 
 210 
 
 655 
 
 212 
 
 23.8 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 21 
 
 155 
 
 191 
 
 543 
 
 626 
 
 15 
 
 37.4 
 
 Colorado 
 
 22 
 
 63 
 
 98 
 
 239 
 
 612 
 
 156 
 
 19.6 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 23 
 
 59 
 
 104 
 
 263 
 
 592 
 
 125 
 
 11.9 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 24 
 
 102 
 
 143 
 
 390 
 
 590 
 
 51 
 
 31.0 
 
 Florida 
 
 25 
 
 101 
 
 148 
 
 390 
 
 586 
 
 50 
 
 14.2 
 
 Montana 
 
 26 
 
 107 
 
 101 
 
 322 
 
 559 
 
 74 
 
 37.9 
 
 Idaho 
 
 27 
 
 66 
 
 91 
 
 262 
 
 551 
 
 110 
 
 24.6 
 
 Alabama 
 
 28 
 
 56 
 
 102 
 
 332 
 
 481 
 
 45 
 
 21.7 
 
 Oregon 
 
 29 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 
 182 
 
 423 
 
 132 
 
 24.1 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 30 
 
 107 
 
 135 
 
 312 
 
 407 
 
 30 
 
 35.6 
 
 Arizona 
 
 31 
 
 61 
 
 70 
 
 285 
 
 404 
 
 42 
 
 23.3 
 
 Virginia 
 
 32 
 
 80 
 
 92 
 
 225 
 
 384 
 
 71 
 
 23.5 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 33 
 
 65 
 
 42 
 
 137 
 
 246 
 
 79 
 
 8.3 
 
 New York 
 
 34 
 
 63 
 
 44 
 
 109 
 
 214 
 
 96 
 
 8.2 
 
 Maryland 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 41 
 
 136 
 
 188 
 
 39 
 
 17.9 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 36 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 82 
 
 121 
 
 48 
 
 13.6 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 38 
 
 95 
 
 154 
 
 15.8 
 
 Utah 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 55 
 
 80 
 
 45 
 
 14.7 
 
 Delaware 
 
 39 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 53 
 
 73 
 
 38 
 
 18.5 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 65 
 
 72 
 
 13.9 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 59 
 
 41 
 
 -30 
 
 8.4 
 
 Maine 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 6.5 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 43 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 105 
 
 7.6 
 
 Nevada 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 22 
 
 118 
 
 10.5 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 97 
 
 9.5 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 -32 
 
 4.6 
 
 Vermont 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 138 
 
 1.9 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 89 
 
 3.6 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 49 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 3.1 
 
 Alaska 
 
 50 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 4 
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. ' Commercial sales plus net Commodity 
 Credit Corporation loans and purchases under price support programs. 2 Includes exports that were not apportioned among 
 states. 3 Less than $500,000. * Not available. 5 Less than $100,000. ~ Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 6 
 
 WestVirginia Manufactured 
 Production, Export-Related 
 Manufactures and 
 Employment, 1981 
 
 • About 1 out of 7 West Virginia jobs 
 in manufacturing are due to exports. 
 
 • Two industries — chemicals and 
 primary metals — accounted for 59 
 percent of West Virginia's 
 export-related jobs in manufacturing. 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 Export- 
 related 
 Production manufactures 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 Export 
 related as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Employment 
 for export- 
 related 
 manufactures 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Employment 
 for export 
 
 related 
 as percent 
 
 of total 
 employment 
 
 Total 1 
 
 11,928 
 
 2,361 
 
 19.7 
 
 15.9 
 
 14.6 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 4,271 
 
 1,165 
 
 27.2 
 
 4.8 
 
 25.8 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 2,838 
 
 601 
 
 21.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 476 
 
 140 
 
 29.4 
 
 0.1 
 
 14.2 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 779 
 
 110 
 
 14.1 
 
 1.8 
 
 13.6 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 718 
 
 82 
 
 11.4 
 
 0.8 
 
 11.2 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 424 
 
 79 
 
 18.5 
 
 0.8 
 
 12.6 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 371 
 
 69 
 
 18.6 
 
 0.6 
 
 13.9 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 274 
 
 29 
 
 10.4 
 
 0.4 
 
 7.0 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 556 
 
 17 
 
 3.1 
 
 0.1 
 
 1.7 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 142 
 
 12 
 
 8.6 
 
 0.1 
 
 6.6 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 211 
 
 4 
 
 1.9 
 
 0.1 
 
 2.5 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 135 
 
 4 
 
 2.9 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 120 
 
 3 
 
 2.5 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( s ) 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 35 
 
 2 
 
 6.0 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 69 
 
 1 
 
 1.6 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 (') 
 
 n 
 
 ~ 
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 — 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 2 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 9.5 
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 Total includes estimated production and export-related values, and employment numbers which are withheld for certain industry 
 groups to avoid disclosure of individual companies' data. 2 Less than 50 employees. 3 Less than one half of one percent. 
 — Not applicable. 
 
 10 
 
TABLE 7 
 
 West Virginia 
 in Export-Related 
 Manufactures 
 
 • The 1 1 3 percent growth in the value 
 of export-related manufactures from 
 1977 to 1981 was much faster than 
 the rate of expansion in production. 
 
 • Over two-fifths of the increase in 
 chemicals production and over half 
 the rise in petroleum/coal output was 
 generated by growth in export-related 
 manufactures. 
 
 
 Export-related manufactures 
 (million dollars) 
 
 Percent increase 
 from 1977 to 1981 
 
 Export-related 
 increase as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 Export 
 related 
 
 Pro- 
 duction 
 
 increase 
 1977-81 
 
 Total 
 
 1,108 
 
 2,361 
 
 113 
 
 37 
 
 39 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 508 
 
 1,165 
 
 130 
 
 54 
 
 44 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 345 
 
 601 
 
 74 
 
 25 
 
 45 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 6 
 
 140 
 
 2,088 
 
 89 
 
 59 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 65 
 
 110 
 
 70 
 
 9 
 
 72 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 34 
 
 82 
 
 141 
 
 49 
 
 20 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 57 1 
 
 79 
 
 38 2 
 
 29 2 
 
 23 2 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 25 
 
 69 
 
 172 
 
 36 
 
 44 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 15 
 
 29 
 
 91 
 
 46 
 
 16 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 164 
 
 42 
 
 7 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 141 
 
 80 
 
 11 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 4 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 ~ 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 43 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 82 
 
 38 
 
 4 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 200 
 
 43 
 
 13 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 3 1 
 
 1 
 
 -62 2 
 
 167 2 
 
 2 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 4 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 -95 
 
 -96 
 
 — 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 29 
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 1 1976. 2 1976-1981. 3 Not available. " Less than $500,000. -- Not applicable. 
 Note: Totals include values for industry groups which are not shown separately. 
 
 11 
 
TABLE 8 
 
 United States Export- 
 Related Manufactures and 
 Employment by State 
 
 California, New York, Texas, 
 Pennsylvania, and Ohio led the states 
 with the largest number of jobs related 
 to manufactured exports. 
 
 Employment rates were highest in 
 Connecticut, Washington, Ohio, and 
 Delaware for jobs in all industries 
 related to manufactured exports. 
 
 
 
 
 Export-related 
 
 manufactures 
 
 i 
 
 Employment 
 
 Total employment 
 related to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 for export 
 
 manufactured exports 
 
 
 Rank as 
 export 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 Percent 
 increase 
 
 Percent 
 of state 
 
 related as 
 percent of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Percent of 
 
 
 related 
 
 
 
 from 1977 
 
 production 
 
 manufacturing 
 
 
 civilian 
 
 State 
 
 in 1981 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 to 1981 
 
 1981 
 
 employment 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 employment 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 — 
 
 142,404 
 
 271,703 
 
 91 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,794.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 California 
 
 1 
 
 13,319 
 
 27,399 
 
 106 
 
 14.2 
 
 14.5 
 
 526.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 Texas 
 
 2 
 
 9,196 
 
 22,651 
 
 146 
 
 12.5 
 
 12.7 
 
 285.5 
 
 4.2 
 
 Ohio 
 
 3 
 
 11,047 
 
 18,132 
 
 64 
 
 14.8 
 
 14.7 
 
 284.0 
 
 6.2 
 
 Illinois 
 
 4 
 
 10,216 
 
 17,039 
 
 67 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.9 
 
 275.4 
 
 5.4 
 
 Michigan 
 
 5 
 
 10,975 
 
 15,512 
 
 41 
 
 14.7 
 
 14.6 
 
 218.9 
 
 5.7 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 6 
 
 8,955 
 
 15,485 
 
 73 
 
 13.4 
 
 13.2 
 
 284.1 
 
 5.5 
 
 New York 
 
 7 
 
 8,894 
 
 15,260 
 
 72 
 
 12.7 
 
 11.4 
 
 372.0 
 
 4.9 
 
 Washington 
 
 8 
 
 3,716 
 
 10,773 
 
 190 
 
 29.2 
 
 26.3 
 
 121.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 Indiana 
 
 9 
 
 5,784 
 
 9,692 
 
 68 
 
 13.7 
 
 13.3 
 
 140.3 
 
 5.8 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 10 
 
 4,880 
 
 8,204 
 
 68 
 
 11.2 
 
 11.9 
 
 175.0 
 
 5.4 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 11 
 
 3,883 
 
 7,808 
 
 101 
 
 12.5 
 
 9.8 
 
 150.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 12 
 
 3,498 
 
 7,425 
 
 112 
 
 15.4 
 
 14.2 
 
 155.1 
 
 5.6 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 13 
 
 2,734 
 
 7,415 
 
 171 
 
 12.8 
 
 11.9 
 
 63.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 14 
 
 3,607 
 
 6,590 
 
 83 
 
 12.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 114.9 
 
 5.3 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 15 
 
 2,716 
 
 5,567 
 
 105 
 
 13.4 
 
 10.3 
 
 102.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 Virginia 
 
 16 
 
 2,480 
 
 5,163 
 
 108 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.1 
 
 88.3 
 
 3.6 
 
 Georgia 
 Florida 
 
 17 
 
 2,723 
 
 4,981 
 
 83 
 
 10.5 
 
 9.7 
 
 106.1 
 
 4.3 
 
 18 
 
 2,294 
 
 4,965 
 
 116 
 
 13.4 
 
 10.8 
 
 129.9 
 
 3.0 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 19 
 
 2,687 
 
 4,886 
 
 82 
 
 16.2 
 
 14.9 
 
 103.5 
 
 7.1 
 
 Missouri 
 
 20 
 
 2,834 
 
 4,861 
 
 72 
 
 11.7 
 
 11.1 
 
 94.7 
 
 4.3 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 21 
 
 2,117 
 
 4,194 
 
 98 
 
 15.0 
 
 11.7 
 
 76.4 
 
 5.5 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 22 
 
 2,298 
 
 4,135 
 
 80 
 
 11.6 
 
 12.4 
 
 90.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 Alabama 
 
 23 
 
 2,061 
 
 4,024 
 
 95 
 
 13.1 
 
 11.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 Iowa 
 
 24 
 
 2,228 
 
 3,940 
 
 77 
 
 11.8 
 
 12.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 4.5 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 25 
 
 2,367 
 
 3,751 
 
 58 
 
 12.3 
 
 10.6 
 
 58.7 
 
 3.9 
 
 Oregon 
 
 26 
 
 1,498 
 
 2,801 
 
 87 
 
 14.8 
 
 14.5 
 
 58.7 
 
 4.7 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 27 
 
 1,044 
 
 2,752 
 
 164 
 
 10.8 
 
 12.4 
 
 54.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 Kansas 
 
 28 
 
 1,158 
 
 2,678 
 
 131 
 
 10.1 
 
 12.4 
 
 47.2 
 
 4.3 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 29 
 
 1,086 
 
 2,524 
 
 132 
 
 13.6 
 
 10.5 
 
 40.8 
 
 4.3 
 
 Arizona 
 
 30 
 
 1,050 
 
 2,461 
 
 134 
 
 19.7 
 
 20.5 
 
 53.7 
 
 4.4 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 31 
 
 1,108 
 
 2,361 
 
 113 
 
 19.7 
 
 14.6 
 
 30.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 Maryland 
 
 32 
 
 1,327 
 
 2,348 
 
 77 
 
 11.0 
 
 10.8 
 
 53.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 33 
 
 1,111 
 
 2,066 
 
 86 
 
 10.4 
 
 8.2 
 
 36.9 
 
 3.7 
 
 Colorado' 
 
 34 
 
 976 
 
 1,922 
 
 97 
 
 11.1 
 
 12.7 
 
 49.4 
 
 3.3 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 35 
 
 576 
 
 1,477 
 
 156 
 
 9.5 
 
 10.0 
 
 24.4 
 
 3.3 
 
 Utah 
 
 36 
 
 416 
 
 1,050 
 
 153 
 
 10.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 20.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 37 
 
 540 
 
 1,018 
 
 88 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.0 
 
 24.9 
 
 5.8 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 38 
 
 455 
 
 994 
 
 119 
 
 13.6 
 
 14.1 
 
 24.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Maine 
 
 39 
 
 425 
 
 924 
 
 118 
 
 10.1 
 
 9.9 
 
 20.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 Delaware 
 
 40 
 
 346 
 
 852 
 
 146 
 
 9.4 
 
 13.5 
 
 15.1 
 
 6.1 
 
 Idaho 
 
 41 
 
 381 
 
 740 
 
 94 
 
 14.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 15.4 
 
 3.9 
 
 Alaska 
 
 42 
 
 393 
 
 711 
 
 81 
 
 36.3 
 
 34.1 
 
 6.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 Vermont 
 
 43 
 
 287 
 
 451 
 
 57 
 
 12.3 
 
 11.6 
 
 10.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 Montana 
 
 44 
 
 182 
 
 327 
 
 80 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.5 
 
 7.9 
 
 2.2 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 45 
 
 130 
 
 267 
 
 105 
 
 9.1 
 
 7.9 
 
 8.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 46 
 
 98 
 
 242 
 
 147 
 
 10.2 
 
 11.1 
 
 7.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 47 
 
 109 
 
 235 
 
 116 
 
 7.2 
 
 4.6 
 
 9.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 232 
 
 252 
 
 6.3 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.4 
 
 1.5 
 
 Nevada 
 
 49 
 
 70 
 
 205 
 
 192 
 
 13.1 
 
 10.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 1.2 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 50 
 
 43 
 
 180 
 
 320 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 2.1 
 
 12 
 
 t US QOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1984 - 421-009 - 227/749 
 
Exports of U.S. Manufacturing 
 Industries Related to Domestic 
 Production, 1981 
 
 Direct Exports and Indirect Requirements to Support Exports 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 Apparel and other textile products 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 Printing and publishing industries 
 
 Percent of Domestic Production 
 
 10 15 20 
 
 25 
 
 Length of bars represents percent 
 
 of production; values within bars denote 
 
 direct exports and indirect requirements 
 
 Direct exports 
 
 Indirect 
 requirements 
 to support 
 exports 
 
 Note: Percentages shown for each industry indicate the total relative impact of exports on the domestic economy, including direct 
 exports and goods shipped from domestic establishments for use as inputs in manufactured products exported from other 
 establishments. Such inputs are included in domestic production industry totals. 
 
continued from page I 
 
 this period, the export contribution to each dollar of 
 
 the state's farm sales increased from 8 to 10 cents. 
 
 Leading coal exporter 
 
 West Virginia was the country's leading exporter 
 of bituminous coal, accounting for 46 percent of 
 U.S. foreign sales. Exports were valued at $1.8 bil- 
 lion at the mine, nearly tripling the 1977 amount. 
 The state was also a major U.S. exporter of ferrosil- 
 icon valued at $2.6 million in 1981. 
 
 Export employment significant 
 
 West Virginia's $1.2 billion worth of manufac- 
 tured exports provided direct employment for an 
 estimated 6,600 workers in 1981. Those jobs consti- 
 tuted 6.1 percent of the total manufacturing employ- 
 ment in the state. From 1977 to 1981 the number of 
 workers engaged in the production of manufactures 
 declined somewhat while employment directly related 
 to exports advanced by 57 percent. About two-fifths of 
 these workers were concentrated in the chemicals 
 industry. These jobs accounted for 14 percent of the 
 work force in that industry. 
 
 In addition, an estimated 9,300 jobs were required in 
 the state to manufacture products used by other 
 
 establishments in the United States as inputs for 
 manufactures which were ultimately exported. Thus, 
 an estimated 15,900 jobs in West Virginia were 
 directly or indirectly dependent on exports of manu- 
 factured goods. This was 14.6 percent of all manu- 
 facturing employment in the state. 
 
 Three-fifths of the jobs dependent on manufac- 
 tured exports were concentrated in the chemicals and 
 primary metals industries. These jobs accounted for 
 one out of four jobs in the chemicals industry and 
 one out of five jobs in the primary metals industry. 
 
 An additional 14,800 jobs were generated in non- 
 manufacturing industries that supply materials and 
 services supporting manufactured exports. West Vir- 
 ginia's total employment related to exports amounted 
 to 30,700. 
 
 .It is estimated that West Virginia's farm employ- 
 ment related to exports in 1982 amounted to about 1 
 out of every 1 1 farmers. This estimate assumes that 
 the number of farmers dependent on exports corres- 
 ponds to the ratio of exports to farm sales in the 
 state-. Depending on numerous variables, including 
 the character of the product, mechanization, and 
 degree of intensiveness of farming, it may some- 
 what understate or overstate the actual number 
 dependent on exports. 
 
 STATE EXPORT REPORTS 
 
 This report is one of a series of 50 prepared by the 
 Office of Trade and Industry Information /Trade 
 Information and Analysis, International Trade 
 Administration on exports from the individual states. 
 Data on manufactured and agricultural exports are 
 presented in tabular form for a series of years. In 
 addition, recent information is included on state 
 exports of fish, fish products, and minerals. The 
 statistics on 1981 exports of manufactures by state 
 were taken from Origin of Exports of Manufac- 
 tured Products, 1981 Annual Survey of Manufac- 
 tures, M81 (AS)-5, issued by the Bureau of the 
 Census in May 1983. That publication can be ordered 
 from the Data User Services Division, Customer 
 
 Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Wash- 
 ington, D.C. 20233, or from any U.S. Department of 
 Commerce District Office for $2.75 per copy. Data 
 for earlier years were taken from similar Census 
 reports now out of print. 
 
 The information on state shares of agricultural 
 exports was taken from various issues of Foreign 
 Agricultural Trade of the United States published 
 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Special 
 compilations on exports of minerals and fuels by 
 state were provided by the Bureau of the Mines, 
 U.S. Department of Interior, and by the Energy 
 Information Administration, U.S. Department of 
 Energy, and on fish and fishery products by Nation- 
 al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce. 
 
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 PENN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
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