A Bibliography of 
 
 USTS 
 
 Research 
 Publications 
 
 1979 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Travel Service 
 
 Research and Analysis Division 
 
introduction 
 
 The United States Travel Service has the re- 
 sponsibility to provide tourism data for use by 
 the Government, U.S. regions, States, cities, 
 and the travel industry in developing tourism to 
 and within the United States. The agency pro- 
 vides, on a regular and ongoing basis, data 
 describing the current and future dimensions of 
 the travel market — to, from, and within the 
 United States as well as the U.S. competitive 
 position in the worldwide international market. 
 A goal of the research program is to improve 
 the reliability, comparability, and comprehen- 
 siveness of tourism data to continually meet the 
 increasing needs of those involved in tourism. 
 
 Research publications of the U.S. Travel Serv- 
 ice deal with two primary areas: 
 
 Basic Data — USTS basic data research re- 
 ports present and analyze comprehensive 
 statistical information on international travel 
 to and from the United States. Included are 
 data on: Foreign visitor arrivals; U.S. citizen 
 departures; use of U.S. and foreign air car- 
 riers; U.S. ports-of-entry for foreign visitors; 
 international tourism spending accounts; and 
 detailed destination profiles of foreign travel- 
 ers in the United States. Monthly, quarterly, 
 and annual reports and a yearly historical 
 series are issued. 
 
 Market Research Data — USTS market re- 
 search reports provide descriptive and pre- 
 dictive data on the characteristics of both 
 the current and potential foreign travel 
 markets for the United States. This informa- 
 tion is designed to help States, cities, and 
 the travel industry plan and develop effective 
 marketing strategies for increasing interna- 
 tional travel to and within this country. These 
 reports reflect interpreted findings of primary 
 research studies of the international travel 
 market from a selected number of major 
 tourist-generating countries. 
 
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USTS domestic tourism research reports pro- 
 vide reliable, consistent statistical information 
 on the volume of domestic travel, characteris- 
 tics and motivations of American travelers, 
 and the economic impact of travel in the 
 United States. Additionally, several reports 
 provide the tools necessary for cities, States, 
 regions, or individual tourism organizations to 
 locally plan, implement, and evaluate tourism 
 programs. These tools also include guidelines 
 for standardizing travel/tourism definitions 
 and survey methodologies. 
 
 The following publications are prepared by the 
 USTS: 
 
 Basic Data 
 
 Summary and Analysis of International Travel to 
 the United States (Monthly) 
 
 This report provides statistics on foreign visitor 
 arrivals to the United States by country and 
 region of residence, mode of transport, and type 
 of visa. The report is based on secondary data 
 sources and an analysis of Government Entry 
 Forms 1-94. 
 
 Monthly reports are available free upon request. 
 Contact: Office of Policy and Research, United 
 States Travel Service, U.S. Department of Com- 
 merce, Washington, D.C. 20230. 
 
 Summary and Analysis of International Travel 
 to/from the United States (Quarterly) 
 
 This report provides a quarterly and cumulative- 
 to-date summary review of the international 
 travel market to and from the United States. 
 Detailed statistical information is presented on: 
 
 1) Foreign visitor arrivals to the United States; 
 
 2) travel abroad by American citizens and 3) 
 U.S. travel dollar accounts. The report is based 
 on secondary data sources including the Immi- 
 gration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. De- 
 partment of Transportation, Statistics Canada, 
 and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. De- 
 partment of Commerce. 
 
Quarterly reports available free upon request 
 from the Office of Policy and Research, United 
 States Travel Service, U.S. Department of Com- 
 merce, Washington, D.C. 20230. 
 
 Summary and Analysis of International Travel 
 to/from the United States — Calendar Year 1977 
 and Historical Series from 1965 (Annual) 
 
 This publication, updated annually, presents a 
 statistical summary of the international travel 
 market to and from the United States during 
 1965 through 1977. Included are the following 
 data analyses: 1) U.S. share of international ar- 
 rivals and receipts; 2) foreign arrivals to the 
 United States; 3) U.S. travel abroad; 4) U.S. 
 travel dollar accounts; and 5) the U.S. share of 
 the travel markets from six major USTS market 
 countries. The report is based on secondary 
 data sources including the Immigration and 
 Naturaliation Service, the U.S. Department of 
 Transportation, Statistics Canada, Banco de 
 Mexico, the World Tourism Organization, and 
 the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Depart- 
 ment of Commerce. 
 
 Available free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
 Foreign Visitor Arrivals: 1967-1977 (Annual) 
 
 This two-page leaflet contains an 11 -year history 
 of travel to the United States by country of 
 permanent residence. It also provides the per- 
 cent change in the number of visitors for each 
 year during the 11-year period. The most recent 
 edition, published in 1978, covers the period 
 1967-1977. 
 
 Available free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
Foreign Visitor Arrivals by Selected Ports (An- 
 nual) 
 
 This yearly report documents the volume of for- 
 eign visitor arrivals by country of residence, type 
 of visa, mode of travel, and port of entry for 32 
 selected U.S. ports. (Data on Canadian travel 
 to the United States are not included in these 
 reports, as Canadians are not required to com- 
 plete 1-94 Forms on entering this country.) The 
 most recent available report covers calendar 
 year 1977. USTS is currently evaluating the pos- 
 sibility of expanding this report to provide com- 
 prehensive analyses of the port-of-entry data, 
 including individual State reports (aggregated 
 totals for ports-of-entry within certain States) 
 and an expanded number of U.S. port reports. 
 Upon reprogramming, this new report will be 
 issued quarterly. 
 
 Copies of the existing report are available free 
 upon request from the Office of Policy and 
 Research, United States Travel Service, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 20230. 
 
 1976 Patterns of Foreign Travel in the United 
 States (December 1978) 
 
 This report provides a detailed analysis of for- 
 eign visitor profile data tailored and published 
 for each of the nine U.S. tourist regions, 23 U.S. 
 States and territories, and 14 major tourist cities. 
 These analyses are based on a random sample 
 of over 33,000 Government Entry Forms I-94 
 and provide profile information concerning port- 
 of-entry, point of contact in the United States, 
 port-of-departure, length of stay, age, mode of 
 transport and flag of carrier. 
 
 In addition to the summary report, brochures 
 detailing the following are available: 
 
 • Overseas regions: Total overseas and Europe 
 
 • Countries: Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, 
 Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zea- 
 land, the United Kingdom, and Venezuela 
 
 • U.S. regions: New England, Eastern Gateway, 
 the South, George Washington Country, Great 
 Lakes Country, Mountain West, Frontier West, 
 Far West, and the Islands. 
 
• States: Alaska, California, Colorado, Connec- 
 ticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, 
 Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, 
 New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, 
 Pennsylvania, Texas, Vermont, Washington, 
 Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. 
 
 • Cities: Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, 
 Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New 
 York City, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Fran- 
 cisco, Seattle, Washington, D.C. 
 
 • Special: Age, length of stay and U.S. flag air 
 carriers 
 
 Available free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
 International Tourism Fact Sheet (Quarterly) 
 
 Fact sheets contain summaries of most recent 
 statistical information on international tourism 
 to the United States, the world tourism market, 
 U.S. travel dollar balance, or American travel 
 abroad. In addition, information is listed on new 
 or continuing programs of USTS. Some issues 
 include informational summaries related to spe- 
 cialized topics, such as tourism and energy use, 
 tourism and employment or tourism in world 
 trade. Primarily designed for use by the press, 
 especially travel trade publications, these sum- 
 maries are also of interest to the business and 
 financial community and the tourism industry. 
 
 Copies available free upon request. Contact: 
 Advertising and Media Services Division, United 
 States Travel Service, U.S. Department of Com- 
 merce, Washington, D.C. 20230. 
 
Market Research Data 
 
 USTS International Travel Market Surveys 
 
 (1978) 
 
 Eleven individual market research reports, pub- 
 lished during 1978, provide in-depth, compara- 
 ble analyses of the international travel markets 
 from the following countries: Mexico, Japan, the 
 United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Italy, 
 the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Australia 
 and Venezuela. These reports reflect the find- 
 ings of major concurrent market surveys con- 
 ducted by USTS in these countries in 1977, 
 utilizing personal, in-house interview survey 
 techniques. The studies investigate the interna- 
 tional travel habits, patterns and preferences for 
 residents of each country, including demo- 
 graphic characteristics, travel and trip patterns, 
 trip expenditure patterns, consumer sources and 
 usages of information, the U.S. travel image and 
 competitive positioning, trip activities, motiva- 
 tional/psychographic characteristics and the ef- 
 fects of the U.S. Bicentennial on travel planning 
 in 1976. 
 
 These reports are available free upon request 
 from the Office of Policy and Research, U.S. 
 Travel Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 
 Washington, D.C. 20230. When ordering, please 
 specify the individual report(s) requested as fol- 
 lows: "(country name) — A Study of the Interna- 
 tional Travel Market." 
 
 A Regional Analysis of International Travel to 
 the United States (February 1979) 
 
 This report is based on data from 11 compre- 
 hensive market research surveys conducted by 
 USTS (see listing for USTS International Travel 
 Market Surveys, above), and provides in-depth 
 analyses of international travel to each of the 
 eight U.S. Mainland regions as well as a brief 
 overview of international travel to the U.S. Is- 
 lands. Specifically, it provides a demographic 
 analysis and trip profile of travel to these re- 
 gions from the 11 major tourist generating 
 countries. 
 
Available free upon request from the Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
 1977 Vacation Travel by Canadians in the United 
 States (February 1979) 
 
 This report analyzes a survey series entitled 
 "Vacation Travel by Canadians," conducted an- 
 nually by Traveldata International for both the 
 United States and Canada. The study was spon- 
 sored by the United States Travel Service, the 
 Canadian Government Office of Tourism, the 
 Manitoba Department of Tourism, the Trans 
 Canada Telephone System and the Montreal 
 Star, Ltd. 
 
 The survey is the 12th in the annual series and 
 represents travel by Canadians in 1977. Cana- 
 dian travel habits and traveler characteristics 
 are described. The report incorporates series 
 data, in some cases dating to 1966, to facilitate 
 trend analyses. 
 
 This report contains three volumes. Volume I — 
 Summary Report — provides information on Ca- 
 nadian travel to the United States as a whole. 
 Volume II — Destinations — highlights Canadian 
 travel to the nine United States tourist regions. 
 Volume III — Origins — analyzes the three key 
 Canadian vacation travel markets for United 
 States travel. In addition to vacation data, the 
 1977 survey explored "non-vacation" travel to 
 the United States from Canada — rounding out a 
 complete analysis of overnight travel to the 
 United States. 
 
 Available free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
 Market for International Congresses (August 
 1975) 
 
 This study was designed to determine the pres- 
 ent and prospective size and economic impact 
 of the international congress and convention 
 market. The analysis also examines the facilities 
 
and services provided and required, as well as 
 the procedures and practices for selecting con- 
 vention sites. An extensive series of analytical 
 interviews was conducted throughout the world 
 in the course of the study. Considerable secon- 
 dary material was also collected and analyzed. 
 More than 200 interviews were conducted in- 
 volving a broad range of organizations, admin- 
 istrations and individual experts in Europe, 
 North America, and the Far East. The con- 
 gresses included were non-government events 
 with recognized serious purposes, and interna- 
 tional in scope by virtue of their attendance, 
 location or both. 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, 
 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 
 D.C. 20402. 
 
 Market Analysis: Brazil (January 1976) 
 
 This study provides the findings of a survey of 
 residents of Brazil during the spring of 1975 to 
 determine 1) the nature and characteristics of 
 international travel from Brazil, and 2) travel 
 attitudes, preferences and patterns of Brazilian 
 international travelers. A three-stage area clus- 
 ter probability sample was used to randomly 
 select adults 18 years of age and older residing 
 in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. 
 
 Available free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, United States Travel Serv- 
 ice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 
 D.C. 20230. 
 
 Identifying Traveler Markets: Research Metho- 
 dologies and Non-Resident Air Travel to Wash- 
 ington State (March 1979) 
 
 This study is designed to provide guidance to 
 regions, States and cities in developing and 
 conducting travel research studies. Part I of 
 the manual focuses on research techniques in 
 collecting data as a basis for tourism market- 
 ing programs which contribute to the overall 
 economic goal for the area. Among topics dis- 
 cussed are: Definition of travel research terms; 
 deciding if resources are adequate; defining 
 
objectives; sampling; enlisting cooperation of 
 government agencies and carriers; preparation 
 of field materials; field administration; quality 
 control; data processing, and analysis and re- 
 porting. 
 
 Part II of the manual includes a survey of non- 
 resident air travelers who visited the State of 
 Washington during 1977. The survey was con- 
 ducted to test that portion of the manual dealing 
 with air travel surveys. 
 
 Copies free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, U.S. Travel Service, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 20230. 
 
 Creating Economic Growth and Jobs Through 
 Travel and Tourism: A Manual for Community 
 and Business Developers (1979 and 1980) 
 The purpose of this study is to provide tested 
 guidelines for communities and regions to de- 
 sign and implement plans for economic develop- 
 ment and growth through the travel and tourism 
 industry. The manual includes a comprehensive 
 model for a 5-year community development plan, 
 and a planner's manual to help local authorities 
 in applying the model to their communities 
 and/or areas. It was primarily written for use 
 by individuals in county level organizations and 
 governments who had little or no formal training 
 in economic planning and development. 
 
 The study is being conducted in two phases. 
 Phase I includes guidelines on conducting a 
 resource inventory, a community and business 
 survey, a legal survey, an economic impact 
 survey, a segmentation analysis, a forecast, and 
 the development of short- and long-term mar- 
 keting strategies. Phase II involves the evalua- 
 tion and testing of the guidelines used in the 
 demonstration area. It involves economic impact 
 measurement, marketing, community informa- 
 tion and awareness programs, industry aware- 
 ness and identification programs, human re- 
 sources development and community involve- 
 ment. 
 
10 
 
 The study is being conducted by West Virginia 
 University and funded by the United States 
 Travel Service (lead agency); the Economic 
 Development Administration (U.S. Department 
 of Commerce); the Small Business Administra- 
 tion; the Employment and Training Administra- 
 tion (U.S. Department of Labor); the West Vir- 
 ginia Governor's Office of Economic Community 
 Development; and West Virginia University. 
 
 The preliminary report is expected to be avail- 
 able in March 1979, an expanded version in 
 May 1979, and the final report in September 
 1980. 
 
 Copies free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, U.S. Travel Service, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 20230. 
 
 City Government, Tourism and Economic De- 
 velopment (April 1979) 
 
 This study describes the major activities which 
 make tourism development an increasingly sig- 
 nificant component of a city's overall economic 
 development program. Conducted for USTS by 
 the U.S. Conference of Mayors, the study is 
 based on a mail survey of travel and tourism 
 programs in all cities with populations of over 
 100,000 and case studies in four selected cities. 
 It was developed as a guide for cities consider- 
 ing planning and promoting tourism, and are 
 seeking general background information and 
 individuals to contact for more data. Based on 
 the mail survey, the following types of informa- 
 tion were obtained for 150 cities and are in- 
 cluded in the report: 
 
 • Organizations conducting tourism promotion 
 and development programs such as city de- 
 partments, chambers of commerce, conven- 
 tion bureaus and international visitor agen- 
 cies; 
 
 • Activities of each organization such as adver- 
 tising, promotion, tour guides, plant visits, 
 research and multilingual publications; 
 
 • Budgets of each of the identified organiza- 
 tions, including sources of income and expen- 
 ditures by activity; and 
 
11 
 
 • Relationships of the organizational units in 
 areas such as planning, programming and 
 funding. 
 
 Copies free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 
 Policy and Research, U.S. Travel Service, U.S. 
 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 
 20230. 
 
 Planning Handbook for Community Economic 
 Development (April 1979) 
 
 This report provides methods and techniques 
 for describing and analyzing subregional eco- 
 nomics at the area and neighborhood levels. 
 The handbook can help build the capacity and 
 expertise of local organizations to effectively 
 implement economic development projects (in- 
 cluding tourism development) which will result 
 in reduced unemployment and improved eco- 
 nomic stability. 
 
 The study was conducted by the Community 
 Development Corporation in Los Angeles, and 
 was funded by the Economic Development Ad- 
 ministration (lead agency), the United States 
 Travel Service and the Office of Minority Busi- 
 ness Enterprise (U.S. Department of Com- 
 merce); the Office of Neighborhood Develop- 
 ment (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 
 Development), and the Community Services 
 Administration. 
 
 Copies free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, U.S. Travel Service, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 20230. 
 
 Bibliography: Economic Development Research 
 
 (1971-1977) (August 1978) 
 
 This study provides States, cities, and regions 
 with information on all types of economic de- 
 velopment activities, including tourism, to help 
 them in planning and development. The publi- 
 cation includes a short description of current 
 research studies pertaining to economic devel- 
 opment and a listing of pertinent contacts. 
 The study provides sections on: research ab- 
 stracts (international trade, investment impact 
 analysis, markets and marketing, methodology, 
 
12 
 
 natural resources, planning, socio-economic 
 characteristics, State and local government fi- 
 nance, transportation, travel, and recreation); 
 State development agencies; industrial direc- 
 tories; statistical abstracts; miscellaneous publi- 
 cations; and additional sources of economic 
 development research information. 
 
 The study was conducted by Mid-States Re- 
 search Services (Iowa) and was funded by the 
 Economic Development Administration, the 
 United States Travel Service, the National Asso- 
 ciation of State Development Agencies, and the 
 National Council for Urban Economic Develop- 
 ment. 
 
 Copies free upon request. Contact: Office of 
 Policy and Research, U.S. Travel Service, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 
 20230. 
 
 1977 Census of Transportation — National Travel 
 Survey (February 1979) 
 
 The 1977 National Travel Survey was conducted 
 as part of the 1977 Census of Transportation to 
 provide a measure of the volume and character- 
 istics of nonlocal travel by Americans. The sur- 
 vey was sponsored jointly by the U.S. Depart- 
 ment of Transportation, the U.S. Travel Service, 
 and the Bureau of the Census. Information re- 
 garding trips of 100 miles or more (one-way) 
 taken by household members was obtained from 
 a national probability sample of households. 
 Destination, means of transportation, purpose 
 of trip, distance traveled, duration of trip, and 
 selected socioeconomic characteristics of the 
 travelers were some of the data items collected. 
 
 These data are presented for the total United 
 States, individual States, and selected foreign 
 destinations. 
 
 Available from the Office of Policy and Re- 
 search, United States Travel Service, U.S. De- 
 partment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. 
 
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