a supplement to 
 
 TUB PEN * TB 
 
 DQCCMi 
 
 rnarion 
 Commerce 
 
 1964 TRADE MISSION REPORT / A U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION 
 
A SUPPLEMENT TO 
 
 International 
 Commerce 
 
 ... the weekly news magazine for world 
 traders published by the Bureau of 
 International Commerce and sold by 
 the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. 
 Government Printing Office, Washing- 
 ton, D.C. 20402, and by Department of 
 Commerce Field Offices for $16 a year. 
 
Report 
 of the 
 1964 
 Trade Mission 
 to 
 
 «8 
 
 ^ 
 
 **$$& 
 +&$>*' 
 
 tf>' 
 
 ,<*>** 
 
 AUSTRALIA 
 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 Luther H. Hodges 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. 
 Under Secretary 
 
 Jack N. Behrman 
 
 Assistant Secretary for Domestic 
 
 and International Business 
 
 Thomas G. Wyman 
 
 Deputy Assistant Secretary for 
 
 Domestic and International Business 
 
 BUREAU OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE 
 
 Eugene M. Braderman 
 
 Director 
 
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 
 
 Price 30 cents. 
 
U.S. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT 
 MISSION TO AUSTRALIA 
 
 F. GILBERT LAMB 
 
 President 
 
 Lamb-Weston, Inc. 
 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 PAUL A. LINGER, Mission Director 
 
 Consultant to the Secretary of Commerce 
 U.S. Department of Commerce 
 
 £k 
 
 EUGENE M. LANG 
 
 President 
 
 Resources and Facilities Corporation 
 
 New York, N.Y. 
 
 RUDOLPH GOLDSMITH 
 
 President 
 
 French Fabrics Export, Inc. 
 
 New York, N.Y. 
 
 ABRAHAM I. SAVIN 
 
 President 
 
 The Edward Balf Company 
 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 
 ELMER J. HANKES 
 President 
 Testscor 
 Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 
 ~«B> 
 
 E. W. KLAPMEIER 
 
 Consultant 
 
 Blaw-Knox Company 
 Buffalo, N.Y. 
 
 MIGUEL NISTAL, JR., 
 
 Trade Development Officer 
 
 Trade Missions Division 
 
 Bureau of International Commerce 
 
 U.S. Department of Commerce 
 
 Reports by Mission members are reprinted from the May 4 issue of INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE. Specific 
 trade and investment opportunities are reprinted from issues of April 13 and April 27. 
 
 Photographs appearing in this supplement were furnished by the Australian News & Information Bureau, the Australian Gov- 
 ernment Trade Commissioner, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The map was prepared by the 
 National Mapping Office, Department of the Interior, Canberra. 
 
OLDEST, BIGGEST CITY IN AUSTRALIA: Sydney, capital of New South Wales, covers 21 square miles, has one of world's finest harbors. Aust. News & Info. 
 
 Down Under moves up 
 
 Machinery, equipment, technology wanted as buoyant economy surges forward 
 
 By PAUL UNGER 
 
 Trade Mission Director 
 
 There is still time for the U.S. business- 
 man to get in on the Australian bonanza, 
 but he had better hurry. Even though he 
 may have missed the forward surge of 
 the Australian economy over the past 
 few years, he can look ahead to a steadily 
 growing and expanding market for his 
 machinery. Australians are asking for 
 U.S. products and participation. 
 
 The Australian potential for U.S. ma- 
 chinery and equipment sales is typified 
 in the following example: 
 
 The U.S Trade Mission just back from 
 Down Under interviewed an Australian 
 firm now designing, installing, distribut- 
 ing, and servicing residential heating and 
 air-conditioning units through twelve 
 branches serving the entire Sidney metro- 
 politan area. They expect shortly to be 
 named the distributor for a major oil 
 company of home heating oils (just be- 
 coming popular in Sydney); they will tie 
 oil sales in with appliance installations. 
 They reported that they installed only 
 about 15 residential central heating units 
 
 last year, but they see their own market 
 within 3 years as about 1,500 units a 
 year. This is a brand new market because 
 Sydney has practically no central heating. 
 
 Competitive jump 
 
 Why does this heating firm want to 
 share this bonanza-to-be with a U.S. 
 partner? Because he is convinced that 
 U.S. equipment and know-how will give 
 him the competitive jump in this market. 
 He reads the U.S. trade journals and 
 knowns of the marketing, merchandising, 
 and sales campaigns used in the United 
 States to promote heating and air condi- 
 tioning. He is willing to buy this machin- 
 ery and experience and save himself 
 costly errors. 
 
 He wants a U.S. firm to export to him 
 those larger and more complex units and 
 components which cannot be manufac- 
 tured economically in Australia; license 
 him to manufacture in Australia the com- 
 ponents and units it is economical to make 
 there; and supply him with a consultant 
 on his whole operation. He neither needs 
 nor seeks U.S. financing but is ready to 
 
 consider some form of joint venture, li- 
 cense, fixed fee, or royalty. 
 
 This story is similar to stories we heard 
 about many other industries. Most inter- 
 views of this nature were in the packaging 
 machinery field. Running close behind 
 were those in materials handling equip- 
 ment, electronics and instrumentation, 
 scientific and electromedical instruments, 
 machine shop equipment, plastics in a 
 variety of operations, paper converting, 
 air pollution equipment to comply with a 
 recently enacted Clean Air Act, meat- 
 packing, aircraft communications, vegeta- 
 ble oils manufacture, and many more. 
 
 Through conversations with the De- 
 partments of Industrial Development in 
 the two states visited, the Mission con- 
 firmed these findings. The Departments 
 were receiving requests from Australian 
 businessmen for similar connections — in 
 much the same industrial groupings — 
 with overseas companies, particularly 
 American. 
 
 Although many were interested in spe- 
 cific items, most businessmen came to 
 the Trade Mission to find U.S. firms that 
 
could supply machinery, equipment, and 
 technology. The most frequent request 
 was for the name of a middle to small- 
 sized U.S. company with whom the Aus- 
 tralian could associate himself. 
 
 The large U.S. corporations, through 
 subsidiaries or joint ventures, have al- 
 ready opened Australian markets for 
 U.S. -style products. As these products 
 become accepted and popular, there is 
 room for others. 
 
 The Australian is ready to move, but 
 he wants assistance. He would like to 
 use the experience of U.S. businessmen. 
 He does not know which are the mod- 
 erate-sized U.S. companies in his indus- 
 try, so he picks names out of directories 
 and trade journals and writes letters. In 
 the majority of instances — sometimes in 
 all — he gets no reply. So he welcomes the 
 Mission, with its files of U.S. firms who 
 have declared that they do want to sell 
 U.S. goods and do want to do business in 
 Australia. 
 
 More prosperity seen 
 
 As background to these opportunities 
 for machinery and equipment sales is a 
 buoyant economy with growth factors 
 promising more prosperity in the years 
 ahead. Here is a thumbnail sketch of 
 what the Mission saw. 
 
 In Sydney, with a population of more 
 than 2 million, Australian-designed cranes 
 are busy raising new "glasshouse" sky- 
 scrapers to the 40-story level. There is a 
 subway and a large system of electric 
 commuter trains. Eight lanes of traffic, 
 plus 2 train tracks, cross the famed Syd- 
 ney Harbor bridge, and back up for 
 blocks at rush hour. 
 
 About 56% of the population lives in 
 the six state capital cities, 40% in 
 Sydney and Melbourne alone. Thirty-two 
 percent of the work force is in industry, 
 as against only 22% in the United States. 
 Industrial land in the 15- to 20-mile belt 
 around Sydney commands $6,000 to $12,- 
 000 an acre. There is an auto to every 3.8 
 persons, a radio to every 4Vi, and a 
 television set in 70% of the homes. 
 
 Australia boasts the largest savings 
 bank in the world, and the department 
 store with the largest one-day receipts. 
 Banks have almost 4,000 branches around 
 the country. 
 
 Australia is turning out 4 million tons 
 of steel annually; it is both good and 
 cheap, and some of it is exported to the 
 United States. The largest bauxite deposits 
 in the world are being turned into alu- 
 minum locally. Recently discovered oil 
 and gas were to have started flowing 
 through pipelines last month. Coal is 
 mined almost totally by machine, and 
 Australian exports threaten to drive 
 U.S. coal out of the Japanese market. 
 
 Reach over 1,200 
 businessmen 
 
 A U.S. Machinery and Equipment 
 Mission communicated with over 
 1,200 Australian businessmen 
 through Information Centers in 
 Sydney March 9-18 and in Mel- 
 bourne March 19-26. 
 
 Members referred 261 Business 
 Proposals of U.S. companies to 248 
 individual Australian firms; referrals 
 totaled 837. 
 
 Of the 397 specific opportunities 
 brought back for follow-up, 225 
 were for export, 29 for import, 100 
 for licensing, and 43 for joint ven- 
 ture and investment. 
 
 Copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, iron ore — 
 Australia has them. 
 
 The magnificent Snowy River Scheme, 
 with its 100 miles of tunnels, 9 dams, 10 
 underground powerplants, will produce 
 almost 3 million kilowatts of hydro power 
 and 2 million acre-feet of irrigation water 
 annually. 
 
 The country for some time has been 
 shifting from manufacture of consumer 
 goods almost entirely to a greater em- 
 phasis on heavy industry. Australia is 
 now virtually self-sufficient in building 
 materials, plastics, radios, foods, textiles, 
 clothing, most household appliances, steel, 
 many common chemicals. Also it manu- 
 factures most of its needs in metal prod- 
 ucts, farm equipment, furniture, leather 
 goods, locomotives and rolling stock, mo- 
 tors, drugs, paper goods, and rubber 
 products, among others. 
 
 Modernization only skin deep 
 
 But although you can see almost any 
 product in Australia, some of the newer 
 ones are few in number. Modernization 
 in many areas is still only skin-deep; the 
 need and desire to flesh it out represents 
 an important segment of Australia's large 
 potential market for U.S. machinery. 
 
 For example, Melbourne has a new 
 shopping center with 65 shops, parking 
 space for 3,250 cars, and over Vi million 
 square feet; but in general, the housewife 
 still shops daily in her neighborhood, on 
 foot, carrying the string bag from green- 
 grocer to butcher to dairy store to grocery 
 to pastrycook, each shop presided over by 
 the owner who serves her and she pro- 
 fesses to like it that way. 
 
 Air conditioning is standard in Syd- 
 ney's new hotels, but central heating is 
 unheard of in almost all houses; water 
 and waste pipes run up the outsides of 
 buildings, and homes by the thousands 
 
 have detached toilets (usually flush). 
 Machine shops are full of obsolete tools. 
 Only last year the Melbourne-to-Sydney 
 railroad standardized its gage, although 
 trains still can't make the trip across the 
 continent without changing cars because 
 of different gages along the way to Perth. 
 
 Frozen foods are packed in Australia 
 but home freezers are rareties, as are 
 freezer-compartment refrigerators be- 
 cause of their high prices. Most bread is 
 delivered to the house, much unsliced, 
 some unwrapped; few self-service stores 
 will handle it. 
 
 Milk is delivered to the door at dawn 
 
 in Melbourne in horse-drawn carts. Be- 
 cause milk comes in glass bottles, super- 
 markets won't handle it. Lost are the 
 impulse sales of carton milk, in half-gal- 
 lons or even quarts — the largest container 
 now is an Imperial pint (about 1.2 U.S. 
 pints). 
 
 All of these soft spots underlying the 
 Australian prosperity are opportunities 
 for sales of U.S. machinery and equip- 
 ment. 
 
 Closer look 
 
 This market Americans are being in- 
 vited to share is rich, prosperous, grow- 
 ing, up-to-date, modern. Its tastes and 
 preferences often follow U.S. patterns and 
 styles. The U.S. share of the market is 
 steadily increasing while the U.K. share 
 has declined. Through necessity and tradi- 
 tion the market is attuned to a large 
 proportion of imports. 
 
 Australia is a major trading nation: 
 Exports and imports each represent about 
 15% of gross national product, as against 
 only 4% (exports) in the United States. 
 Dedicated to continuing a large overseas 
 trade, Australia nevertheless wants to 
 change its composition. To lessen present 
 dependence on highly changeable world 
 prices for primary products (which make 
 up 80% of its exports), it is promoting 
 industry and increased export of industrial 
 products. To supply expanding industry, 
 it must import increasing quantities of 
 machinery, equipment, raw materials, and 
 labor. The United States is in excellent 
 position to supply the machinery and 
 equipment. 
 
 Australia has close ties with and affec- 
 tion for Americans. Australia has copied 
 America rather than Europe in its eco- 
 nomic development. Advertising stresses 
 "U.S. design" and "U.S. styling" because 
 U.S. fashions appeal to Australians. As 
 fast as they can, they are striving to make 
 and purchase household appliances and 
 furnishings developed in the United 
 states. 
 
 Hundreds and hundreds of U.S. brand 
 name products are manufactured in Aus- 
 tralia under license. Businessmen read 
 
U.S. trade journals, attend U.S. trade 
 conventions, are remarkably up-to-the- 
 minute on new products and develop- 
 ments in American industry. 
 
 Government spurs diversification 
 
 The Government moved to encourage 
 diversification — both in export products 
 and in trading partners. Exports to the 
 U.K. have dropped from 35% of the total 
 in 1958 to 17% in 1963; this year Japan 
 replaced the U.K. as Australia's largest 
 market. Now one-third of the trade is with 
 Asia, and one-quarter with the United 
 States. Imports from the U.K. have de- 
 clined (from a postwar 45% to a present- 
 day 30% of the total) although they are 
 still in first position. Although 80% of 
 Australia's exports still consist of primary 
 agricultural products, the percentage is 
 decreasing. Only 40% of the exports are 
 wool, as against 50% in 1953. 
 
 The United States is now Australia's 
 second supplier, with 21% of total im- 
 ports. Imports from the United States 
 rose 10% in 1963, to a total of $518 mil- 
 lion, mostly in machinery and metal prod- 
 ucts. New U.S. investments amounted to 
 $160 million. There are over 275 U.S. 
 companies operating in Australia, over 
 1,000 licensing and royalty agreements, 
 and agencies for about 10,000 U.S. firms. 
 
 The market is large and growing. The 
 present population — busily trying to fill a 
 continent the size of the United States 
 stretching north to south the distance 
 from the Great Lakes to Yucatan, and 
 east to west from Hatteras to San Diego 
 —is increasing at a rate of 2.3% annually, 
 aided by early marriages, large families, 
 and a Government-assisted program 
 which brought in 110,000 immigrants 
 last year. It's a young population (53% 
 under 30) destined to increase even 
 faster — a widening market for homes, 
 house furnishings, baby supplies, chil- 
 dren's needs, and teen-age desires. 
 
 The Australian market, even now, is 
 richer than the population figures indi- 
 cate. They boast a per capita income of 
 $1,547 per year, one of the highest in 
 the world. The people have the developed 
 tastes and desires for consumer goods of 
 an urban industrial society. .Seventy-five 
 percent are homeowners. Savings are 
 equal to 8% of personal expenditure. 
 
 'Treasurer's dream' 
 
 In describing the prosperity of the Aus- 
 tralian market, the Commonwealth Treas- 
 urer said the current economic situation 
 was almost "the answer to a treasurer's 
 dream. The people have full employment 
 and prosperity, our overseas reserves are 
 at a record level, and our exports are at 
 a record level (up 30% last year)." 
 
 He might have gone on to cite another 
 
 dozen glowing indicators. Gross national 
 product was up 9% last year. Unemploy- 
 ment is down to a mere 1.6% of the 
 work force. Installment credit, which the 
 Australians call "hire-purchase," is mov- 
 ing up to U.S. proportions. Bank liquid- 
 ity is high. Manufacturing production is 
 confidently expected to double in the next 
 10 years. Tourist travel is up 15%. Capi- 
 tal investment is 11.6% higher than the 
 year before. Construction, both dwelling 
 and nondwelling, is at a record high, with 
 housing loans doubled over the previous 
 year. Auto sales also are at a record high. 
 
 Added to this burgeoning domestic 
 market is an ever-increasing overseas 
 market for exports made in Australia, 
 often with U.S. components, on U.S. ma- 
 chinery, using U.S. know-how. The mes- 
 sage the Mission preached everywhere — 
 a marriage of U.S. machinery and know- 
 how with Australian enterprise and raw 
 materials to manufacture in Australia 
 products for the export drive — was head- 
 lined and hailed. 
 
 Particularly in Southeast Asia, Aus- 
 tralia as a noncolonial power has an 
 especially ready acceptance for its ex- 
 ports. Australian companies are con- 
 stantly expanding their sales in that area. 
 They offer partnership possibilities for 
 U.S. firms which can supply equipment 
 and technology to make Australian manu- 
 factures of higher quality and lower unit- 
 cost, that is, competitive in overseas mar- 
 kets. 
 
 The Australian Government is stimu- 
 lating exports with two big incentives: 
 200% expensing on income tax returns 
 for overseas market development costs, 
 and payroll tax rebates up to 100%. In 
 addition, the Government exhibits at for- 
 eign trade fairs, maintains 43 trade com- 
 missioners around the globe to boost 
 exports, gives awards for export achieve- 
 ment, publishes a weekly, Overseas Trad- 
 ing, and sends off trade missions (includ- 
 ing one to Hong Kong, Philippines, and 
 Thailand last October). 
 
 Business matches the Government pro- 
 gram. This month the Tradeship Centaur, 
 sponsored by the Australian Chamber of 
 Commerce, is touring Southeast Asia. 
 This month also the Institute of Manage- 
 ment has scheduled a series of seminars 
 on the Japanese market and entry therein. 
 As an incentive to modernize, cut costs, 
 and be more competitive in overseas 
 markets, Australian business has been 
 presented with, a 20% investment tax 
 credit by Parliament. 
 
 Banks and business analysts speak con- 
 fidently of higher peaks to come, but 
 within the context of a sound economy. 
 "Australia is on a rising tide of activity 
 and this trend is expected to continue," 
 reports Sir Warren McDonald, Chairman 
 
 PORT KEMBLA STEEL WORKS: At No. 2 Open 
 Hearth Shop a 300-ton capacity hot metal ladle is 
 held over ingot moulds, at New South Wales plant. 
 
Metals, machinery lead Australian imports 
 
 Imports U.S. 
 
 Commodity Total imports from U.S. share 
 
 (fiscal 1962-63; in $ thousands) % 
 
 Metals, metal mfg's, machinery $952,455 $267,985 28.1 
 
 Oils, fats, pigments, paints 292,056 17,976 6.2 
 
 Yarns, textiles, apparel 261,296 27,657 10.6 
 
 Paper and stationery 156,374 29,917 19.1 
 
 Chemicals, fertilizers, drugs 155,723 46,182 29.7 
 
 Foodstuffs and liquors 98,318 6,115 6.2 
 
 Rubber, leather, wood, wicker 90,937 1 9,390 2 1 .3 
 
 Tobacco, vegetable substances, fibers.. . 82,042 31,949 38.9 
 
 Optical, surgical, scientific instruments. . . 41,917 12,045 28.7 
 
 Miscellaneous 291,072 56,087 19.3 
 
 Total $2,422,190 $515,303 21.3 
 
 Source: Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Canberra. 
 
 of the government-owned Commonwealth 
 Banking Corp. "General confidence in 
 the economy can be expected to improve 
 further during 1963/64 and a continuing 
 substantial growth in gross national pro- 
 duction can thus be anticipated. . . . Evi- 
 dence available suggests that domestic 
 production could still expand significantly 
 without giving rise to inflationary pres- 
 sures or requiring heavy expenditures for 
 development." The price rise last year 
 was less than 1%. 
 
 Not reserved for Americans 
 
 This lush Australian market is by no 
 means reserved for Americans. The Jap- 
 anese are pressing into Australia with 
 high-quality, low-cost, fast-delivery prod- 
 ucts. Their imports increased 1 5% in the 
 last year. They are backed up with an 
 aggressive advertising and promotion 
 campaign, including a permanent Trade 
 Center in Sydney, and are taking full ad- 
 vantage of the strong bargaining position 
 they just attained this January when they 
 passed the U.K. to become Australia's 
 chief buyer. 
 
 They buy more Australian wool than 
 any other country, plus significant quan- 
 tities of wheat, coal, and other products, 
 and have sheep-farmers publicly backing 
 their demands for a greater share of the 
 Australian market to balance the trade 
 ledger. 
 
 West Europeans are also offering 
 strong price competition. The Mission 
 often heard of better service, quicker 
 deliveries, lower prices offered by the 
 Dutch or Swiss or West Germans. Italy 
 has announced plans for a large display 
 of machine tools, and printing and textile 
 machinery at the Sydney Trade Fair in 
 
 July. The U.K. is still Australia's largest- 
 volume supplier. 
 
 Import restrictions 
 
 Most significant to U.S. businessmen 
 are the import restrictions which still 
 remain. They are frankly designed to 
 keep out imports which would compete 
 with domestic manufactures. The Presi- 
 dent of the Chamber of Manufactures, 
 in welcoming the Mission, made this 
 quite clear. "We would be less than hu- 
 man," he said, "if we reacted warmly 
 when it becomes apparent that the target 
 includes Australian industries which have 
 been built up patiently over the years. 
 We do not feel that we are reacting 
 selfishly or narrowly when we take this 
 attitude, for the growth of Australian 
 manufacturing industry is our main tool 
 in building a great nation here, another 
 United States, and this we firmly intend 
 to do." 
 
 The Australian Tariff has three 
 columns: A preferential rate for Britain 
 and the Commonwealth, a higher most- 
 favored-nation rate for most countries in- 
 cluding the United States, and a general 
 rate which is still higher for the few re- 
 maining countries. For most machine tools 
 and machinery the MFN rate applicable 
 to the United States is 55% while the 
 Commonwealth preferential rate is at 
 least 1Vi% lower. Other than this there 
 are no special disabilities for dollar coun- 
 tries. 
 
 Although almost all import licenses 
 were removed in 1960, they were allowed 
 to remain on certain products; currently 
 these are used earthmoving equipment, 
 used excavating equipment, used ma- 
 terials handling equipment, ball and 
 roller bearings, and aluminum. Applica- 
 
 tions for entry of any of these products 
 are submitted to the Department of 
 Trade in Canberra, which decides each 
 case on an ad hoc basis. If it is admitted, 
 the license is issued by the Department 
 of Customs and Excise, which likewise 
 assesses a duty. 
 
 By-law device 
 
 For U.S. exporters to Australia the 
 most important tariff provision is the By- 
 law device. This provides for remission 
 or reduction of the duty (usually 55% 
 on machinery) "provided suitably equiv- 
 alent goods which are the produce or man- 
 ufacture of Australia are not reasonably 
 available." If customs agrees the goods 
 are not available in Australia or U.K., 
 there will be no duty; if not available 
 in Australia but available in U.K., the 
 duty will be l l /i%. 
 
 The Mission received numerous com- 
 plaints about lack of aggressive selling 
 on the part of U.S. manufacturers. The 
 most common complaint was failure to 
 answer letters. One of the largest Aus- 
 tralian firms, a fully-owned U.K. sub- 
 sidiary, was unable to get certain products 
 from its U.K. parent. It wrote 25 U.S. 
 firms offering the business; none replied. 
 
 I heard criticisms of U.S. payment 
 terms as too harsh. The letter of credit is 
 evidently now out-of-date, with Euro- 
 pean firms offering terms of 75% pay- 
 ment on delivery and the balance after 
 proven installation. Agents and others 
 complained that they never saw the U.S. 
 principals; one U.S. firm doing a good 
 business in Australia visited once in 12 
 years. Many U.S. businessmen who do 
 come, stay one day, and leave. Many 
 deal only with Sydney, not realizing that 
 
 Melbourne is a separate market of almost 
 equal size, and that the other 4 state 
 capitals are also quite independent and 
 separate. 
 
 Many quote f.o.b. an inland U.S. fac- 
 tory, resulting in their bids ending up 
 in the wastebasket. Quotes should be c.i.f. 
 the Australian port. Some firms are wary 
 of dealing with Australian companies 
 that are affiliates or subsidiaries of 
 British firms, or even of other U.S. firms. 
 Usually however, the Australian firm is 
 not fully bound on all products and is 
 free and willing to negotiate with others 
 to their mutual advantage. 
 
 ADVICE AVAILABLE 
 
 U.S. businessmen thinking of estab- 
 lishing branches or investing in Aus- 
 tralia may obtain information and advice 
 on general economic conditions, pros- 
 pects in particular industries and finan- 
 cial aspects relating to the establishment 
 of businesses from the major Australian 
 commercial banks. 
 
COLD-WEATHER DRESS: These lambs, in factory of Thomas Borthwick & Sons, Portland, Victoria, are being jacketed in plant's freezing chambers. 
 
 Food processing in Australia 
 gains in importance; report on 
 modern equipment needed 
 
 More finished processing of farm and dairy output 
 considered necessary; U.S. machinery well received 
 
 By F. GILBERT LAMB 
 
 Presidenf, Lamb-Weston, Inc. 
 Portland, Oregon 
 
 Australia's food processing industry is 
 well advanced and the potential for ex- 
 pansion is strong. 
 
 There is an important market for food 
 processipg equipment. 
 
 Who will obtain this market depends 
 on the answers to two questions: Will 
 imported — particularly U.S. — equipment 
 be able to compete over the Australian 
 tariff barriers? Will U.S. equipment 
 manufacturers show sufficient interest in 
 the market and sell with sufficient imagi- 
 nation and energy to obtain a sizable 
 share of this business? 
 
 There is hardly a raw product for 
 food processing that is not produced in 
 Australia. The range extends from sub- 
 tropical fruits such as mangoes, bananas, 
 and pineapples in the north to citrus 
 crops further south (large producing 
 areas exist between Sydney and Mel- 
 bourne) to the world famous apples and 
 pears in the south of the main continent 
 and in Tasmania. 
 
 The range of raw products includes 
 vegetables of every kind, quantities of 
 red meats and fish. Milling grains are 
 efficiently produced. Sizable production 
 of vegetable oil crops reportedly is just 
 now being considered on an expanded 
 scale. 
 
 Australia produced in 1961-62 787,- 
 
 000 tons of beef and veal; 586,000 tons 
 of mutton and lamb; 118,800 tons of pig 
 meat; 247 million bushels of wheat; 55 
 million bushels of oats; 41 million bushels 
 of barley. 
 
 Apple production (in bushels) was 
 more than 17 million; pears 6.5 million; 
 bananas 4.9 million; pineapples 3.9 mil- 
 lion; wine was more than 41.8 million 
 gallons. 
 
 Raw sugar production, 1962-63 was 
 estimate J at 17.7 million tons. 
 
 Food processing necessary 
 
 Historically, Australia's economy has 
 been maintained to a great extent by ex- 
 port of these agricultural products, plus 
 wool and dairy crops, in raw or semi- 
 processed form. The country has attained 
 one of the world'? highest standards of 
 living; based largely on this agricultural 
 economy; however, the upgrading of 
 production, for a growing domestic mar- 
 ket and for export, by more finished pro- 
 cessing of agricultural products is 
 considered necessary by both the Gov- 
 ernment and the business community. 
 
 Food machinery imports 
 
 Government policy protects against 
 import competition equipment already 
 made in Australia for processing these 
 foods; but many items still are not manu- 
 factured there. In fiscal 1963 Australia 
 

 CAN TREVATT APRICOTS: Choice fruit is placed in 
 cans at Ardmona Fruit Products Co-operative Co. 
 Ltd., plant at Mooroopna, a rich fruit-growing 
 district located in the Goulfurn Valley in Victoria. 
 
 imported the following food machinery 
 and equipment: 
 
 Import U.S. 
 
 Type of equipment value share 
 
 Biscuit making $ 467,861 $135,119 
 
 Cocoa and confection. . 606,768 36,459 
 
 Flour and cereal 338,814 28,850 
 
 Fruit and vegetable prep- 
 aration and canning c 21 ,035 557,303 
 
 Sugar refining 263,869 102,931 
 
 Food products (general) 1,752,766 695,889 
 Packaging machines (ex- 
 cept matchbox and 
 
 cigarette) 2,664,000 771,750 
 
 Australia's tariff policy can work both 
 for and against the U.S. manufacturer 
 of food processing and related equip- 
 ment. There is a high tariff, usually 55% ; 
 however, if this equipment is greatly su- 
 perior to or clearly different from that 
 available from local suppliers, the duty 
 may be reduced or eliminated under the 
 By-Law system. Application for this con- 
 cession must be made to the Government 
 in advance of import. The aid of a Tariff 
 Adviser in Australia is recommended; 
 their names can. be obtained from the 
 U.S. Embassy and Consulates. 
 
 The Australian Government's drive to 
 increase and modernize plant and equip- 
 ment includes that for food processing. 
 Capital expenditure by the food, drink 
 
 and tobacco manufacturing industry of 
 Australia was £.45.2 million ($101.7 
 million) in the 1962-63 year and the 
 anticipated expenditure for the 6 months 
 ending December 1963 was at a higher 
 annual rate. 
 
 The recent Investment Credit incen- 
 tive allows the Australian businessman 
 to take an extra 20% depreciation the 
 first year. He gets a total of 120% de- 
 preciation expense over the life of the 
 equipment, the biggest benefits coming 
 the first year. 
 
 Some of the best known names are 
 represented in the Australian food pro- 
 cessing industry: Nestles, Kraft, Heinz. 
 Campbell Soup, Unilever, International 
 Meat Packers (Swift), and others. Their 
 success indicates the favorable reception 
 which Australia has shown for American- 
 type products, foods included. 
 
 Although many "mom and pop" stores 
 still exist in Australia, new modern su- 
 permarkets are coming into existence. 
 One recent survey showed that 16% of 
 the retail food outlets are doing 65% of 
 the business. This combination of world 
 known names among food processors 
 plus the advent of the supermarkets and 
 chain type retail stores is forcing the 
 food processing industry into moderniza- 
 tion for both domestic and export mar- 
 kets. 
 
 Fresh loaf 
 
 A visit to a bakery indicated that this 
 industry may be about to enter a period 
 of modernization. 
 
 Much of the equipment was old. One 
 mixing unit, made in a local shop, had 
 been copied from a used Champion ac- 
 quired from the United States. A new 
 bin was being installed for delivery of 
 flour in bulk for the first time. Two older 
 gas-fired hearth ovens and another of 
 tiled hearth construction were baking a 
 variety of cakes, tarts, rolls, jelly rolls, 
 and French pastries in addition to bread. 
 
 The Government has a price control 
 on bread — about 20 cents on the sliced 
 and wrapped. About 75% of this bakery's 
 output was sliced and wrapped. Products 
 other than bread loaves are not Govern- 
 ment price controlled. 
 
 Sales are through their own small 
 shops, of which they have about 22, and 
 through other small bakery retail shops. 
 They also sell to "bob tailer" trucks 
 with house-to-house delivery routes. 
 
 The larger supermarkets and chain 
 stores are starting to represent outlets 
 of growing importance. 
 
 Nobody apparently was producing 
 frozen bread or pastry; however, one 
 frozen food firm reported plans to begin 
 production of both meat and fruit pies. 
 
 A canning plant also was visited. 
 
 The plant appeared to be operating 
 efficiently though terribly overcrowded. 
 Management stated that they were 
 planning a larger, modern facility at 
 a new out-of-town location. Sales were 
 outstripping production ability. With 
 roughly 10,000 square feet of pro- 
 duction space, about half on each of 
 two stories, the cannery turned out about 
 90,000 cans a day, year round, of a long 
 list of items. This points to the need for 
 flexible processing and packaging equip- 
 ment to take short runs and frequent 
 changes. Most of the equipment appeared 
 old by U.S. standards. 
 
 The management spent some time ask- 
 ing questions regarding can unscramblers. 
 One had been purchased from an Aus- 
 tralian manufacturer with U.S. connec- 
 tions. It did not work and the supplier 
 had taken it back without making much 
 effort to fix it. Six women were unloading 
 the retort baskets by hand in front of a 
 casing machine. 
 
 The firm wanted to import an un- 
 scrambler from the United States but was 
 concerned about service. 
 
 Frozen food market 
 
 I also visited a recently constructed 
 frozen food plant. The buildings were 
 well designed. The management had 
 traveled in the United States and was 
 well informed on the U.S. frozen food in- 
 dustry. The plant was not fully equipped 
 and production in millions of pounds per 
 year was small for the floor space. They 
 asked me about the availability of cer- 
 tain frozen vegetables from the United 
 States which indicated that their market- 
 ing ability exceeded that of their produc- 
 tion. 
 
 Another frozen food plant was run- 
 ning string beans when I was there, and 
 the operation was reasonably efficient 
 but congested. The management drove 
 me a few miles away and showed me a 
 new, modern cold storage warehouse 
 built in the last year on a 9-acre site. 
 Construction of a new, much larger pro- 
 cessing plant at this location is planned. 
 
 At least eight food processing firms 
 indicated they had plans for new 
 plants or new major product lines. They 
 were talking of frozen and dehydrated 
 potato products, frozen orange juice con- 
 centrate, citrus juice fully dehydrated 
 to crystal form, frozen prepared meals, 
 confections, apple and peach canning, 
 and vegetable oil extracting and refining. 
 
 Not only was interest shown in U.S. 
 machinery and equipment, and engineer- 
 ing, but in many instances a desire was 
 expressed for some working arrangement 
 with a U.S. firm which was in the busi- 
 ness and had the know-how. 
 
One of the two frozen potato process- 
 ing plants in Australia was recently 
 built by a local firm with the help of a 
 large U.S. company in that business. 
 
 The refrigeration industry in Australia 
 is well developed. Compressors, heat ex- 
 changers, fans and controls are manu- 
 factured locally over a wide range of 
 sizes and styles. Much is under license 
 from foreign firms including many U.S. 
 concerns. 
 
 An example of a working arrangement 
 between a U.S. and an Australian firm 
 is in the baby food business. A large 
 U.S. baby food manufacturer has li- 
 censed an Australian company to pack 
 under his label and to his specifications. 
 The Australian firm feels the continued 
 paying of license fees is worthwhile be- 
 cause he receives the benefit of the U.S. 
 firm's research and development work. 
 For the local market alone, the Aus- 
 tralian firm would be unable to justify 
 this expenditure. 
 
 This same thinking was expressed by 
 several of the largest Australian firms 
 in the packaging supply and equipment 
 business. In America so much research 
 and development is being conducted in 
 the packaging field that the Australian 
 is eager to establish communication 
 with Americans. 
 
 Many times a new material or machine 
 may be imported for an initial period 
 and if it justifies local manufacture a 
 licensing or similar agreement may be 
 worked out between the two firms. Aus- 
 tralian firms are interested in the good 
 medium-sized or smaller U.S. firms' 
 products because often the larger U.S. 
 companies are already represented in 
 Australia. 
 
 Food equipment manufacturers should 
 bear in mind that just because one of 
 their U.S. competitors has a factory in 
 Australia does not mean that he neces- 
 sarily manufacturers the full line that 
 he might in America. On the items that 
 he does not manufacture in Australia, 
 the door is open to competitors from the 
 United States. Often there is only one 
 supplier of certain locally made equip- 
 ment. Some customers feel this results 
 in poor service, so they are glad to pur- 
 chase imported items just to get the bene- 
 fit of having two suppliers. 
 
 Australia is not as far away as we used 
 to think. I found it a market worth ex- 
 ploring for any U.S. manufacturer of 
 food processing equipment, large or 
 small. I urge U.S. firms to look into this 
 opportunity for increased export sales. 
 They will find the Australian welcome 
 warm and the atmosphere friendly and 
 hospitable to the American way of doing 
 business. 
 
 'By-law' procedure 
 can be the bridge 
 over Aussie tariff 
 
 Mission members explain rules 
 for 'reasonably available' goods 
 
 The U.S. businessman's most important 
 consideration in trade with Australia may 
 well be the Australian "By-law" proced- 
 ure for tariff exemptions, members of the 
 Department of Commerce trade mission 
 to Australia report. 
 
 For example, these are the general 
 terms covering import of U.S. machin- 
 ery and machine tools: 
 
 Australian law provides a 55% tariff 
 on imports if "suitably equivalent" goods 
 are available Down Under; a 7Vi % tariff 
 on goods "reasonably available" in the 
 United Kingdom. Beyond this, imports 
 can be duty-free. 
 
 Know how to do it 
 
 Application for "By-law" tariff exemp- 
 tions or cuts is made to the Department 
 of Customs and Excise in Canberra. The 
 importer must supply a full description 
 of the goods, the quantity to be imported, 
 its value, the specific purpose for which 
 it will be used, the name and address of 
 the overseas supplier, delivery terms, five 
 copies of illustrations and specifications. 
 
 He must supply evidence that equiva- 
 lent goods are not reasonably available. 
 Best evidence: Correspondence with all 
 possible suppliers in Australia and U.K., 
 stating they can not produce or procure 
 the goods. 
 
 The importer also must agree that, if 
 requested by Customs within a year, he 
 will permit an Australian manufacturer 
 to examine the imported product to de- 
 termine whether it can be produced in 
 Australia in the future, subject to patent 
 rights. 
 
 Processing the application, Customs 
 makes its own inquiry of Australian 
 manufacturers who might be able to sup- 
 ply the product. If none is found, inquiry 
 is made to the Board of Trade in London, 
 England, to determine whether a British 
 manufacturer can supply it. 
 
 It sounds complicated, perhaps, but 
 members of the trade mission report that 
 thousands of "By-law" applications are 
 approved each year. Applications related 
 to new production ventures are treated 
 with special sympathy because of the 
 government's policy of encouraging new 
 industry, the members say. 
 
 They also suggest that U.S. manufac- 
 
 turers familiarize themselves with the 
 "By-law" exemption procedure because 
 all Australian importers are not exper- 
 ienced in it. Many firms, they said, em- 
 ploy tariff advisers whose services include 
 submitting "By-law" applications. 
 
 Mission members report several in- 
 stances in which tariffs did not deter im- 
 ports. Some U.S. products — bulk milk 
 tank coolers and masking tape among 
 them — sold in Australia for less than the 
 home-made product, even after duties. 
 
 In other cases, Australians demanded 
 U.S. products even though import duty 
 made them more expensive than the 
 domestic product. Insulating brick was in 
 this category. 
 
 WRITE FOR IMPORT DUTIES 
 
 Information on Australian import 
 duties — as well as overall economic and 
 commercial information on the country 
 — may be obtained by writing to Bureau 
 of International Commerce, Far Eastern 
 
 PUBLICATIONS ON AUSTRALIA 
 
 Additional information on Australia 
 can be obtained from several U.S. De- 
 partment of Commerce publications. 
 Copies of these can be ordered from any 
 Commerce Field Office or from the 
 Superintendent of Documents, GPO, 
 Washington, D.C. 20402. 
 
 Establishing a Business in Australia. 
 OBR 63-108. 16 pp. July 1963. 15 
 cents. 
 
 Foreign Trade Regulations of Aus- 
 tralia. OBR 63-129. 11 pp. October 
 1963. 15 cents. 
 
 Living Conditions in Australia. OBR 
 63-11. 10 pp. January 1963. 15 cents. 
 
 Basic Data on the Economy of Aus- 
 tralia. OBR 63-38. 20 pp. March 1963. 
 15 cents. 
 
 Electric Current Abroad, 1963. 75 pp. 
 30 cents. 
 
 Trade lists available 
 
 Trade lists containing the names 
 and addresses of firms in Australia 
 are available for $1 per commod- 
 ity classification from the Commer- 
 cial Intelligence Division, Bureau 
 of International Commerce, Wash- 
 ington, D.C. 20230, or from any 
 of the Department's Field Offices. 
 
 World Trade Directory Reports 
 on individual firms are available 
 from the same sources for $1 each. 
 
Machine tool, control equipment needs 
 in Australia greater than ever before 
 
 Population growth, export expansion drive step up need for modern 
 production machinery; U.S. tool builders can compete 
 
 By ELMER J. HANKES 
 
 President, Tesfscor, Minneapolis 
 
 Australia's machine tool and control 
 equipment needs today are greater than 
 ever before. 
 
 Population growth and export expan- 
 sion objectives have accelerated the need 
 for replacing much of that country's pro- 
 duction plant with modern equipment 
 which can turn out the low-cost quality 
 products needed to compete in world 
 markets. 
 
 In taking advantage of this large busi- 
 ness potential, however, U.S. tool build- 
 ers will be obliged to cope with the bar- 
 riers of Australia's formidable but flex- 
 ible tariff system. 
 
 The basic tariff has three rates: A high 
 general tariff, a lower favored-nation rate 
 (which applies to the United States 
 among other countries), and the British 
 preferential rate which is the lowest. Rates 
 are set at low levels to permit import of 
 items needed but not produced in Aus- 
 tralia, and at high levels to protect young 
 and growing Australian industry. Ma- 
 chinery exists for a speedy hearing of 
 a case for increased protection sub- 
 mitted by an Australian producer who 
 believes he is threatened by foreign 
 competition. 
 
 The effect of this policy has been to 
 limit the flow of machine tools and elec- 
 trical equipment from the United States 
 which face tariffs averaging 55%. The 
 bulk of this business is in British hands 
 because of the lower British preferential 
 rate. Germany and Japan have been 
 more successful than the United States 
 in this- market because of their lower 
 prices. 
 
 Joint company formed 
 
 The Japanese had considerable diffi- 
 culty in entering the market but their 
 manufacturers formed a joint company 
 called the Japanese Machine Tools Aus- 
 tralia Pty. Ltd. and set up a joint sales 
 and display office in St. Leonards, North 
 Sydney. They will place a machine in a 
 customer's shop for a 3-month trial, and 
 this technique has begun to be effective 
 in selling their equipment. The J.M.T.A. 
 is owned 70% by the various Japanese 
 sponsors and 30% by the Australian 
 principals. 
 
 It is just this kind of selling that is 
 needed to overcome the disadvantages we 
 face in this market. U.S. firms should 
 make sure that they are adequately repre- 
 sented by technically trained people in 
 salesminded organizations. If an export 
 agent is used, he too should be techni- 
 cally competent. Many Australian dis- 
 tributors in machine tools, controls, in- 
 struments, and other fields complain most 
 about the inadequate way their technical 
 questions are handled by export agents of 
 U.S. firms. 
 
 Some U.S. manufacturers of machine 
 tools and electrical equipment have been 
 successful in coping with this situation 
 through establishing licensees or subsidi- 
 aries for manufacture in Australia or in 
 England. Some, by effective sales repre- 
 sentation and vigorous effort, have been 
 able to sell "quality and productivity" 
 against price. It would appear, however, 
 that many U.S. equipment producers have 
 neglected the Australian market. 
 
 In contrast to its own protectionist 
 policy on imports, the Australian Govern- 
 ment is pushing strongly for increased 
 exports of manufactured items. 
 
 Spurs modernization 
 
 It is also encouraging modernization of 
 plant facilities. To stimulate capital in- 
 vestment in new machinery which will re- 
 duce costs and thus improve their com- 
 petitive position in world markets, an 
 extra 20% depreciation is allowed. This 
 can be taken in the first year, thus per- 
 mitting a 30% allowance on a 10-year 
 life; the total depreciation comes to 
 120% for approved facilities. 
 
 The Australian flexible tariff may be 
 used to reduce or eliminate barriers for 
 imported equipment if the equivalent is 
 not obtainable from Australian or U.K. 
 sources in the desired form. For ex- 
 ample, if your equipment has certain 
 features or production capabilities not 
 present in the Australian-made or U.K. 
 products, your agent can apply for a 
 "By-law" exception. The agent must be 
 familiar with the procedure, prepare a 
 good case, and persist in its presentation 
 to the Department of Customs and Ex- 
 cise. 
 
 Much of the U.S. advanced equipment 
 
 exported to Australia enters under this 
 "By-law" provision free of duty or at 
 1V-i%, instead of the usual 55%. Statis- 
 tics, showing a higher average unit price 
 for U.S. machines over those from other 
 countries, indicate that it is the larger, 
 higher grade, more sophisticated and in- 
 strumented U.S. machine tools which are 
 selling best in Australia. 
 
 For example, of 24 horizontal boring 
 machines imported into Australia in fis- 
 cal '63 at a total cost of $249,726, the 
 United States supplied 2 machines cost- 
 ing $59,767. Out of 830 lathes costing 
 a total of $2,486,610, the United States 
 supplied 27 costing $86,615. 
 
 In "other combination machines," how- 
 ever, the United States has the bulk sales, 
 supplying 35 units at a cost of $3,355,064 
 out of a total for all countries of 48 cost- 
 ing $3,511,213. Also, of 21 lift trucks of 
 10,000- to 15,000-pound lifting capacity 
 imported at a total cost of $173,437, the 
 United States supplied 13 costing $122,- 
 944; and of 21 with a 15,000-pound- 
 and-over lifting capacity (cost $370,092), 
 the United States supplied 16 costing 
 $308,112. 
 
 U.S. penetration 
 
 Figures for broader categories of ma- 
 chinery show substantial U.S. penetration 
 into the Australian market. The statistics 
 also show a growing import market de- 
 spite increasing local production. This 
 growth is expected to continue as Aus- 
 tralia progresses in its industrialization. 
 
 The best possibilities for U.S. equip- 
 ment sales lie in the more sophisticated 
 categories, particularly automatic tape- 
 controlled equipment; lathes of larger 
 types; millers, presses, turrets; grinders; 
 heavy engineering specialties; and instru- 
 ments and gages. 
 
 U.S. manufacturers are already well 
 represented in this market with subsidi- 
 aries, licensees, or agents. To retain the 
 market he may have developed, the U.S. 
 businessman must, if at all possible, ar- 
 range to have some part of his product 
 manufactured in Australia and plan that 
 the Australian-made content will increase 
 year by year. If he does this he too can 
 seek and obtain tariff protection for his 
 infant business. 
 
 Not all items can be economically 
 manufactured in Australia because of the 
 relatively small market and limited tech- 
 nical or production capacities. This means 
 that more complex technical equipment 
 with limited sales potential will continue 
 to be imported and points to a good 
 market for some of our more precise and 
 sophisticated machine tools, such as jig 
 grinders and tape-controlled machinery 
 centers, and for instruments of extreme 
 ranges and greater reliability, such as 
 
 10 
 
HAY-BALING RIG: Livestock feed is an important crop in land "down under" economy. World Bank lending in Australia has passed the $150 million mark 
 
 
 high-frequency oscilloscopes, computers, 
 and gas cromatographs. 
 
 The greatest opportunities, however, 
 seem to be in active U.S. participation in 
 local manufacture. For instance, even 
 the heaviest kinds of lift trucks, tractors, 
 and presses of up to 2,000 tons are- suc- 
 cessfully manufactured in Australia. Be- 
 cause of the tariff structure, their presence 
 in the local catalog virtually eliminates 
 foreign competition. These items are all 
 made by subsidiaries or licensees. It is in 
 this area of license arrangement that the 
 U.S. small business can do the best job. 
 The larger Australian companies are 
 eagerly seeking additions to their lines 
 and they look to smaller U.S. companies 
 for help. They are willing and indeed 
 eager to pay for the proven products de- 
 riving from the technical assistance that 
 U.S. companies can furnish. 
 
 In considering this market it must be 
 kept in mind that this is an industrial 
 economy. One in every 6 of the working 
 force is connected with the automobile 
 business; the auto ownership ratio is high. 
 Telephones are widely used but there is 
 a long waiting list of subscribers; the Gov- 
 ernment-owned telephone system has a 
 pay-as-you-go policy which prevents bor- 
 
 rowing for capital equipment to improve 
 service. TV is at a saturation point and 
 production is steady at 300,000 sets a 
 year. 
 
 Booming businesses 
 
 Air conditioning and refrigerat : on are 
 booming businesses. House heating, a 
 long neglected item in Australia, shows 
 every sign of exceptional future growth, 
 as do vending machines. In fact, it is 
 hard to think of any kind of business ac- 
 tivity in the United States which is not 
 in Australia now or which will not have a 
 proportionate degree of success in the 
 Australian market. The Australian is defi- 
 nitely U.S. -oriented, and is following 
 our footsteps in its industrial develop- 
 ment. 
 
 In the scientific, medical, and atomic 
 field, interest is keen and at a high tech- 
 nical level. We had many inquiries for 
 controls, recorders, colormeters, gas 
 cromatographs, and medical apparatus 
 both electrical and atomic. 
 
 U.S. businessmen will find themselves 
 at home with their Australian counter- 
 parts who are experienced and knowl- 
 edgeable in their fields. Their trade prac- 
 tices closely approximate our own. They 
 
 are sincere, know what they want, and 
 say so clearly and plainly. You'll always 
 know where you stand with them because 
 they speak your language in more ways 
 than one. 
 
 This market is too vast to detail in a 
 short report. Just assume that if a prod- 
 uct is useful and marketable in the 
 United States it will be so in Australia. 
 Someone in your field may be there al- 
 ready, however, and you must be pre- 
 pared to compete for a share of the 
 market. 
 
 FARM EQUIPMENT 
 
 Australian production of agricultural 
 equipment has risen in the past 5 years, as 
 follows (in millions of dollars): $57.6 in 
 the 1956-57 fiscal year; 66.3 in 57-58; 
 67.9 in 58-59; 78.8 in 59-60; and 78.2 in 
 60-61. 
 
 Exports from the United States to Aus- 
 tralia have shown a gradual increase 
 despite the establishment of several U.S. 
 manufacturing plants there. Such exports 
 totaled (in millions of dollars) $3.9 in 
 1958; 5.9 in 1959; 6 in 1960; 6.3 in 1961; 
 and 7.8 in 1962. 
 
 Tractors today are estimated at 285,000 
 units. 
 
 11 
 
Textile industry's trend 
 toward modernizing facilities 
 sparks U.S. sales chances 
 
 Spinning, winding, other machinery as well as dyestuffs, 
 high-styled cotton piece goods, fancy synthetic yarns 
 offer possibilities for larger share of Australian market 
 
 By RUDOLPH GOLDSMITH 
 
 President, French Fabrics Exports, Inc., 
 New York City 
 
 Australian textile production is mov- 
 ing out of its earlier development into 
 full and modern industrialization. It has 
 become, together with garment and ap- 
 parel manufacturing, the second largest 
 employer of labor in the country. 
 
 There are still vestiges of an under- 
 developed industry in Australia's high 
 protective tariffs, particularly for syn- 
 thetic piece goods; but there is also a 
 definite trend to modernize and to dis- 
 card some obsolete weaving and spinning 
 facilities. It is particularly in this field 
 that we have a good chance to sell our 
 products. 
 
 The situation differs for the various 
 natural and synthetic fibers and types 
 of machinery; but in areas such as draft- 
 ing, spinning and winding machinery, 
 looms, finishing equipment, dyestuffs, 
 fancy synthetic yarns, high styled cotton 
 piece goods, furnishing fabrics, and some 
 laces, lie fruitful possibilities for the U.S. 
 exporter. 
 
 Woclens 
 
 Australia is an important wool-produc- 
 ing country and the largest wool exporter 
 in the world. Australia has been export- 
 ing close to 85% of its crop in the form 
 of greasy wool, but exports of wool tops 
 are steadily increasing. There is now a 
 concerted drive to export more of their 
 wool in the form of worsted and woolens. 
 
 Although the high prices of raw wool 
 indicate demand all over the world, the 
 local weaving industry is struggling. A 
 number of woolen mills have fairly old 
 equipment, usually British. It is gradu- 
 ally being replaced with modern machin- 
 ery such as shuttleless looms from 
 Switzerland, warping equipment from 
 Germany and Switzerland, and modern 
 spinning and winding machinery from 
 Europe and the United States. American 
 drafting, spinning, and winding equip- 
 
 ment is well regarded, and it is here that 
 alert U.S. manufacturers could increase 
 their sales. 
 
 There is little chance for the United 
 States to export woolen and worsted 
 fabrics to Australia, but there is a definite 
 interest on the part of Australian mills to 
 exchange patterns and novelty weaves and 
 blend ideas on a royalty basis. 
 
 Cottons 
 
 The cotton situation is quite different, 
 as little cotton is grown in Australia at 
 present. The cotton weaving and finishing 
 industry is therefore in its early stages of 
 development. 
 
 Cotton consumption is about 90,000 
 bales a year, roughly one-fifth of which is 
 grown in Australia, mostly in the northern 
 part of New South Wales. There is also 
 experimental cotton farming in North- 
 western Australia, but marketing is handi- 
 capped by the difficulty of communica- 
 tions with the Eastern centers of industry, 
 2,000 miles away. Minimum prices are 
 guaranteed by the Government, some- 
 where above world market prices. Acre- 
 age is not limited. 
 
 Australia has been importing large 
 quantities of cotton piece goods, 70% of 
 which have come from Japan, Great 
 Britain, and the EEC countries. Japan, as 
 the biggest purchaser of Australian wool, 
 is in a particularly strong position to press 
 exports. Japan has become the chief 
 supplier of cotton piece goods, because of 
 quality standards, low prices, good deliv- 
 eries, and shorter lines of communica- 
 tions. There are approximately 5 ships 
 every month from Kobe to Sydney, and 
 the average sailing time is 11 days, so 
 that the Australian customer can get de- 
 liveries in 2 to 3 weeks. Deliveries from 
 Great Britain usually take 5 to 6 weeks. 
 
 One of our problems is that shipments 
 to Australia may take from 8 to 12 weeks 
 as U.S. steamers usually do not choose 
 direct routes. 
 
 Although Japanese prices are often 
 
 considerably lower than ours, this price 
 gap is slowly narrowing as a result of 
 the continuing increase in Japanese 
 wages. Moreover, U.S. firms can offer 
 diversity and ideas. 
 
 The United States increased cotton ex- 
 ports to Australia between 1961 and 1963 
 from $6.3 to $7.3 million; however Aus- 
 tralia's overall cotton textile imports 
 amounted to $80 million. It would seem, 
 therefore, that more effort and better 
 service on the part of U.S. exporters can 
 gain a greater share of this market. 
 
 Duties are about IVi pence (2% 
 cents) per square yard for cotton goods 
 weighing up to 4V4 ounces; for weights 
 over AVi ounces, the duty goes up steeply 
 to about 48 cents. An application now be- 
 fore the Tariff Board is designed to se- 
 cure for Australian weavers not less than 
 25% of the market by imposing protec- 
 tive duties on fabrics for bed sheets, pil- 
 low cases, coated fabrics and others. For 
 the weight range of AV2 to 7 ounces in 
 fabrics for women's apparel and men's 
 shirts and underwear, the duty would re- 
 main unchanged; all other fabrics would 
 be subject to sharp duty increases. 
 
 Manmade fabrics 
 
 Manmade fabrics production is sub- 
 stantial and growing in Australia. Fibre- 
 makers Ltd., a joint venture of I.C.I., 
 Courtaulds, and Australian Investments, 
 are producing their Bri-nylon 66, and are 
 in the process of completing a Terylene 
 (polyester) plant. Another plant to 
 make monofilament nylon yarn, primarily 
 for industrial use, is being constructed by 
 Allied Chemical (Australia) Pty. Ltd., 
 in Penrith, New South Wales. Courtaulds 
 (Aust.) Ltd. has an acetate and viscose 
 plant to produce high tenacity yarns. 
 
 There is, however, no production of 
 fine spun yarns such as polyester/cottons, 
 polyester/viscose, tri-lobal acetates, or 
 slub yarns and fancy yarns. Import duties 
 on these products are nominal although 
 the U.K. enjoys a IVi per cent advantage 
 as compared with the United States. It is 
 in this field that there are good sales pos- 
 sibilities for U.S. spinners. 
 
 About 2,000 looms in Australia weave 
 synthetic fabrics. Most of these are basic 
 staple and lining fabrics. The industry 
 cannot afford to weave intricate novelties 
 which require production runs too large 
 to be supported by the Australian market. 
 
 Looms are mostly older British models, 
 which are now being rapidly replaced 
 with modern Swiss and U.S. looms. Al- 
 though the Swiss looms are a few hun- 
 dred dollars cheaper than the correspond- 
 ing U.S. makes, there is a good chance 
 to increase the sale of U.S. machinery 
 through more imaginative salesmanship 
 
 12 
 
in those areas where U.S. machinery does 
 a better job. U.S. firms would do well to 
 have their principals visit Australia as 
 frequently as the European firms do. 
 U.S. technicians should recommend ma- 
 chinery to fit the local situation. 
 
 Mills are running from 2 to 3 shifts 
 and deliveries are slow, from 6 to 9 
 months. 
 
 DyestufTs, equipment 
 
 Dyeing equipment in the woolen mills 
 is for the greater part out-of-date, al- 
 though there are some modern Austral- 
 ian-made installations, and some modern 
 pressure-dyeing equipment. The cotton 
 industry is not large enough to introduce 
 range dyeing, but the opportunity to sell 
 some of our latest U.S. equipment should 
 not be far off. 
 
 Dyehouses are using substantial 
 amounts of dyestuffs which are not pro- 
 duced in Australia, but are 100% im- 
 ported. It is surprising that this important 
 market has been almost completely domi- 
 nated by Swiss manufacturers, who often 
 carry stock to make fast deliveries. U.S. 
 manufacturers should explore these ex- 
 cellent opportunities, particularly as the 
 European dye manufacturers increased 
 their prices across the board by 15% the 
 middle of January. 
 
 The printing industry is rather small. 
 There are a few machine-screen plants in 
 Tasmania and near Sydney; however, the 
 market is not large enough to sustain the 
 greater runs required in roller printing. 
 This restricts the Australian consumers 
 to a limited selection of printed synthetics, 
 as a high protective tariff almost prevents 
 import of high-fashion synthetic textiles. 
 
 The duty is the result of pressure by a 
 handful of synthetic mills which claim 
 that their existence is being threatened by 
 the influx of imports. Between 1960-61 
 and 1962-63 Australian production in- 
 creased from 31 to 42 million square 
 yards, whereas imports increased only 
 from 23 to 27 million square yards. The 
 Special Advisory Authority, however, was 
 persuaded to declare a "temporary"' or 
 "emergency" duty pending final and 
 thorough inquiry by the Tariff Board. 
 
 This duty is based on a complicated 
 sliding rate. On a piece of goods selling 
 at 50 cents f.o.b. in the States, there 
 would be a duty of roughly 35 to 40 cents. 
 The merits of the case of the synthetic 
 weavers are being argued in a number of 
 hearings, the first of which took place in 
 Melbourne on March 18 and 19. The final 
 hearing was scheduled to be held in Can- 
 berra the middle of April. 
 
 Driven away 
 
 At the first hearing, a group of im- 
 
 KNITTING MACHINE: A circular knitting machine in operation at Dapco Pry. Ltd.'s knitting mill in 
 East Brunswick, Victoria. The machine makes double knit, pique, fancy jacquard and relief patterns. 
 
 porters showed that the lack of choice 
 and the inordinately high cost to the con- 
 sumers had driven the public away from 
 synthetic woven fabrics into other fibers. 
 In furnishing fabrics, for instance, people 
 had gone into plastic coverings; in sleep 
 wear they shifted from woven into knit- 
 ted garments. It was further pointed out 
 that 16 years of protection should have 
 been enough for an industry to stand on 
 its own feet. 
 
 There is no doubt that this duty in- 
 creases the costs of woven synthetic fab- 
 rics to the Australian public, and de- 
 prives the fashion-conscious women of a 
 wider choice of sophisticated fabrics. 
 
 Synthetic gray goods carry a low duty 
 if they are used for printing in Australia. 
 A Japanese producer just bought an in- 
 terest in one of the few Australian print- 
 ing plants. 
 
 The knitting industry is highly devel- 
 oped, and a number of circular and warp- 
 and flat-bed-knitting mills produce fabrics 
 and garments at popular prices. Some of 
 the largest producers already have license 
 arrangements with U.S. brands. There is 
 a definite interest on the part of some 
 medium-sized manufacturers of knitwear 
 to enter similar license arrangements with 
 U.S. firms. 
 
 Again, at the dyehouses of various 
 
 13 
 
knitters, no U.S. dyestuffs were being 
 used. 
 
 The machinery generally is modern 
 German, which in some instances is 30 
 to 40% cheaper than comparable U.S. 
 makes. U.S. machine performance was 
 admired, but the machinery was consid- 
 ered too large and too heavy for Aus- 
 tralian production. 
 
 Instructions help! 
 
 One manufacturer who had bought 
 some of the latest and most modern U.S. 
 circular knitting machines complained 
 that they were shipped completely with- 
 out instructions, and that it had taken 
 many weeks to assemble them. Some 
 Swiss and German manufacturers not 
 only had sent detailed instructions, but 
 also their own mechanic to assemble the 
 products. Similar complaints were heard 
 frequently. It was also pointed out that 
 lack of readily available spare parts made 
 it difficult to work with U.S. machinery. 
 
 Raschel and lever laces — for which the 
 Europeans have introduced some more 
 sophisticated ideas than their U.S. coun- 
 terparts — are in demand. There is much 
 room, however, for U.S. producers to in- 
 crease their sales. 
 
 Chain stores 
 
 The Australian retail market is domi- 
 nated by two department store chains — 
 the Myer Emporium-Farmers Group, and 
 the David Jones chain — which have stores 
 in almost every major Australian city 
 Both groups are influential in setting the 
 tone for fashions, which forces almost 
 every garment manufacturer to work with 
 either or both of them on their terms. 
 Both groups have large and well assorted 
 yardgoods departments. This business still 
 constitutes about 40% of consumption of 
 woven piece goods, although this percent- 
 age is decreasing with growth of the gar- 
 ment manufacturing industry. 
 
 There is no mail order business except 
 for small catalogs issued by some of the 
 department stores. This seems surprising 
 in view of the immense distances. 
 
 A frequent complaint was that U.S. 
 suppliers do not keep delivery promises, 
 and do not follow order specifications. 
 Packaging of piece goods and yarns, the 
 mission was told, was sometimes inferior 
 — cartons too large and too weak to with- 
 stand the long trip. 
 
 U.S. terms of f.o.b. mill present a prob- 
 lem as the customer never knows what 
 the cost would be on a c.i.f. basis. U.S. 
 manufacturers should quote prices de- 
 livered in Australia or on an f.a.s. basR. 
 
 In spite of these complaints and prob- 
 lems, there is a tremendous amount of 
 good will and friendship for the United 
 States among Australian business men. 
 
 On the threshold 
 
 J. R WIGGINS 
 
 By J. R. WIGGINS 
 
 Editor of The Washington Post 
 
 The nation of 1 1 million people which 
 occupies the Australian continent is en- 
 tering a new era — an era in which it 
 seems certain to en- 
 joy unprecedented 
 economic growth 
 and to exert rising 
 political power in the 
 Pacific. 
 
 The pulse of the 
 great continent-na- 
 tion is plainly quick- 
 ening and events are 
 clearly shaping for 
 it a role that could 
 not have been fore- 
 seen 25 years ago. There are evidences 
 of a new economic thrust in the great 
 urban centers in which more than half 
 of the Australians live. And there are 
 signs everywhere that the country is 
 becoming conscious of its potential politi- 
 cal status in the Southwest Pacific. 
 
 A yeasty infusion 
 
 A vital factor in the rate of economic 
 growth is the infusion of new Australians. 
 Since 1945, Australia has absorbed 1.8 
 million migrants — about half from 
 Britain and half from 30 other countries. 
 The federal government has a target of 
 125,000 a year. 
 
 These newcomers are making a yeasty 
 contribution to Australia — doing a lot 
 of its heavy work, undertaking its skilled 
 crafts and performing many menial serv- 
 ices with the light hearts and cheerful 
 countenances of people who are confident 
 of better things when they get their stake. 
 
 They are giving Australia the social 
 coloration of the United States at the 
 height of its immigration from Europe — 
 vastly altering attitudes toward work and 
 jobs, profoundly revising a historic con- 
 servatism, richly diversifying the life of 
 its urban centers. And it is one of the 
 ironies of history that the first architects 
 of this stepped-up immigration were the 
 leaders of the Labor Party, historically 
 in favor of restricting immigration. 
 
 The reorientation of Australia to the 
 Pacific is the other profound change. A 
 country once destinguished by the visi- 
 bility of its bonds to England, by a pride 
 in its English connection and by trade, 
 credit and military dependence upon 
 England is moving into an era in which 
 it is facing its Pacific neighbors in a new 
 way. 
 
 It is trading as much with Japan as 
 with England; borrowing as much in the 
 United States as in England. Almost over- 
 night, its ties with its Pacific neighbors 
 have multiplied while those with Britain 
 — sentiment and affection apart — have 
 slackened a bit. And it is another of the 
 ironies of history that the architects of 
 this new acceptance of the facts of 
 geography are the leaders of the Liberal 
 Party and the Country Party who have 
 always stressed the historic ties to the 
 mother country. 
 
 A lever of power 
 
 The sheer facts of life in the Pacific 
 have transcended sentimental and roman- 
 tic inclinations and have turned the 
 emerging continent toward a destiny 
 made inevitable by a strategic location 
 fitting it to become a great lever of power 
 in the Southwest Pacific. It may not be 
 less loyal to Britain — no Australian 
 would admit that it was — but it has be- 
 come more identified with the culture 
 and economy that are rising around the 
 Pacific rim. 
 
 It is not saying less of its old destiny 
 in the British Empire to say that Aus- 
 tralia stands on the threshold of a new 
 destiny in the Pacific. The pull of this 
 Pacific future can be felt throughout the 
 country. 
 
 It already has revitalized a once slug- 
 gish economy until it may set growth rate 
 records in the free world. It has given 
 government and politics a new excite- 
 ment. It has given life in Australia a 
 piquancy, a touch of high expectation, a 
 fever of excitement appropriate to a land 
 standing confidently on the threshold 
 of a new destiny. 
 
 Acknowledgment 
 
 J. R. Wiggins, distinguished editor 
 of the Washington Post, Washing- 
 ton, D. C, was not a member of the 
 U.S. Trade Mission to Australia. The 
 accompanying article appeared in 
 the April 12th issue of the Post in 
 a special section devoted to "Aus- 
 tralia: Rising Pacific Power." Mr. 
 Wiggins has described so well the 
 present situation in Australia, that 
 permission was requested (and 
 granted) to include the article in 
 this report. 
 
 14 
 
BIG CHURN-OVER: Workers are shown tackling the mammoth job of taking butter from the churns of this plant of Colac Dairy Co., Colac, Victoria. 
 
 Better packaging techniques 
 called significant need of 
 Australia's dairy industry 
 
 Consultant's return visit after 12 years shows economy 
 has made great strides, but some fields seem neglected 
 
 By ELMER KLAPMEIER 
 
 Consultant, Blaw-Knox Co. 
 8uffa/o, N.Y. 
 
 Since my first visit in 1952, I find 
 Australia has made great strides in 
 modernizing and mechanizing its agricul- 
 tural and dairy processing industry. It has 
 reduced costs by introducing labor-sav- 
 ing equipment. It has, through modern 
 processing devices, increased product 
 versatility. 
 
 The fact remains that there are some 
 very substantial opportunities for the sale 
 of American processing equipment. 
 Packaging, distribution and marketing of 
 agricultural products have not kept pace 
 
 with the rest of the Australian economy. 
 
 One promising field is the marketing 
 of fluid milk products. The transforma- 
 tion from small glass bottles to paper 
 cartons of greater capacity has not taken 
 place. Virtually all home-consumed milk 
 is delivered in glass bottles of 1 imperial 
 pint capacity (1.2 U.S. pints). It is esti- 
 mated that the cities of Sydney and Mel- 
 bourne alone represent a market of 
 around 75 million pint-units monthly. 
 
 In these and other major Australian 
 cities, supermarkets are multiplying. In 
 most cases, these retail outlets do not 
 merchandise fluid milk because they don't 
 want to handle bottle returns. While the 
 Australian housewife is accustomed to 
 
 the daily call of the milk delivery man 
 with his multitude of bottles, it is felt 
 that persistent selling effort would induce 
 her to change her buying habits to con- 
 form with more efficient milk distribu- 
 tion systems. In developing this poten- 
 tial, U.S. equipment makers have a 
 powerful argument on their side: By mod- 
 ern carton-packaging, the sale of fluid 
 milk in Australia could be greatly in- 
 creased, to help absorb profitably some 
 of the milk overproduction. 
 
 Homogenized milk 
 
 Another avenue for equipment sales is 
 the introduction of homogenized fresh 
 milk for home and commercial use. 
 Homogenized milk is not offered through 
 normal markets in Australia. One milk- 
 treatment plant in the Sydney area pre- 
 pares 780,000 units per day consisting of 
 580,000 pints, 30,000 half-pints and 170,- 
 000 one-third pints. Only 9,000 pints of 
 this large volume are homogenized, prin- 
 cipally for distribution to schools. 
 
 Fresh milk, to be dispensed in public 
 eating places and in milk bars, is de- 
 livered in cans. A smaller container is 
 filled from the supply can and stored in 
 some convenient cooler. The individual 
 glass served to the customer is filled with 
 a dipper. Penetration into this market 
 
 15 
 
Market profile— Australia 
 
 Geography: Area of 2,971,081 square miles, roughly size of United States 
 excluding Alaska. Valuable deposits of coal, lead, zinc, copper, gold, 
 silver, tin, tungsten, uranium, antimony, wolfram, bauxite, zircon, man- 
 ganese, cobalt, and cadmium. 
 
 Population: 10.8 million (plus 40,000 aboriginals) at end of 1962. More than 
 one-half of the people reside in State capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, 
 Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart, and Canberra. 
 
 Gross national product: $17.6 billion in 1963. 
 
 Agriculture: World's foremost wool producing country, it is also a leading 
 producer of meats and dairy products and a principal wheat export- 
 ing country. Other grains, vegetables, and fruits also are grown. 
 
 Industry: Manufacturing employs about one-third of work force and produces 
 about one-third of national income. Industries include iron and steel, 
 motor vehicles, diesel-electric locomotives, earthmoving equipment, 
 roller bearings, textiles and synthetic fibers, electronic equipment, 
 plastics, cement, petroleum products and petrochemicals, household 
 electrical appliances and other consumer goods, and food processing. 
 
 Transportation: More than 33,000 miles of railway tracks, which carry a 
 yearly average of nearly 500 million passengers. Australia is de- 
 pendent on shipping, the bulk carried in British ships. Australia has 
 one of the biggest domestic aviation networks in the world. Air Service 
 between Australia and overseas is provided by the Government-owned 
 Qantas Empire Airways Ltd. and ten other international carriers. 
 
 Communication: Radio and television facilities consist of national services, 
 programs for which are provided by the Australian Broadcasting 
 Commission, and commercial services. As of June 30, 1963, there were 
 2,239,000 broadcast listeners' licenses and 1,655,000 television viewers' 
 licenses in effect. 
 
 Exports: For the year ended June 30, 1963, exports totaled $2,410 million — 
 with $450 million to the United Kingdom, $388 million to Japan, and 
 $298 million to the United States. Principal exports are wool, meats, 
 dairy products, wheat, barley, sugar, fruit, hides and skins, coal, ores 
 and concentrates, iron and steel, lead, zinc and copper. 
 
 Imports: For the year ended June 30, 1963, imports totaled $2,422 million — 
 $737 million from the United Kingdom, $515 million from the United 
 States, and $145 million from Japan. Principal imports are petroleum, 
 paper, stationery and books, timber, drugs and chemicals, motor ve- 
 hicles parts and accessories, motive power machinery, metalworking 
 equipment, electrical machinery and appliances, rubber and manu- 
 factures, piece goods and yarn, tea, and tobacco. 
 
 with refrigerated bulk dispensers should 
 offer immediate sales possibilities. 
 
 The conversion from can milk pick-up 
 at the dairy farm to bulk tanks has made 
 some progress. An estimated 10% of the 
 dairy farms in Victoria have installed 
 bulk tanks, but in New South Wales only 
 about 2% have converted. Dairy plants 
 in some areas where cans are still in use 
 maintain twice-a-day pick-up. With rela- 
 tively high and increasing costs of truck- 
 ing, the market for refrigerated and 
 water-cooled farm bulk tanks should be 
 considerable. U.S. know-how and experi- 
 ence in this field can be exploited through 
 equipment export and by license arrange- 
 ments. On one farm I discovered that a 
 
 tank imported from the U.S. cost slightly 
 less than a unit of local manufacture. 
 
 Treatment plants 
 
 The milk treatment plants, where milk 
 is processed and bottled, are generally 
 well equipped. They are under the con- 
 trol of the individual state milk market- 
 ing boards. The actual milk supply is 
 purchased by these boards and allocated 
 to the various plants for treatment and 
 bottling. The distribution is accomplished 
 through several depots which deliver the 
 bottled milk to final users. Under this 
 system, aproval of equipment by the 
 board must be considered. All prices from 
 farm to consumer are fixed. U.S.-designed 
 
 equipment seems to be scarce and 
 greater sales effort is mandatory if we 
 are to hold even our present position. 
 Apparatus in this category which seems 
 to have the best sales possibilities includes 
 equipment for bottle-washing and filling, 
 refrigeration compressors, case-filling and 
 stacking and carton-filling. 
 
 Australia is producing about 27 million 
 pounds of milk powder and 35 million 
 pounds of casein annually. During the 
 past several years, production of casein 
 has increased considerably under favor- 
 able export market conditions. The United 
 States purchases 15 million pounds an- 
 nually, Japan 1 1 million, and the balance 
 is exported to European countries. Casein 
 can be produced with relatively small 
 expenditures for capital equipment as 
 compared to dry milk. For this reason, 
 overproduction of casein can easily occur, 
 resulting in unfavorable prices. Most of 
 the dry-milk processing equipment seems 
 to be reasonably modern, but efficiency 
 and versatility are lacking. To keep oper- 
 ating costs down and meet world market 
 prices and quality, the newest evapora- 
 tors and spray-dryers produced in the 
 United States are needed and would 
 seem to have a substantial market. 
 
 Little-known equipment 
 
 There seem to be special opportunities 
 for the sale of equipment related to the 
 production and packaging of dairy items 
 that are not broadly known in Australia — 
 whipped cream in aerosol dispenser con- 
 tainers, dried cream for hot drinks, con- 
 centrated whole milk for coffee, better 
 "instant" products. There is a vast amount 
 of cheese whey that can be converted 
 into specialty foods. In many instances, 
 equipment for these purposes could be 
 effectively sold in combination with know- 
 how and trademark licenses. 
 
 In our interviews with Australian busi- 
 nessmen, the need for better packaging 
 and merchandising of local cultural prod- 
 ucts was frequently asserted. Require- 
 ments of domestic and export markets 
 invite new packaging techniques and 
 modern machinery. Manufacturers, im- 
 porters, merchants all showed keen inter- 
 est in U.S. proposals in these fields. 
 
 American equipment makers are likely 
 to face solid competition from Japanese 
 and European sources. However, respect 
 for our long experience and know-how 
 can give the U.S. a competitive edge. 
 
 SPORTS-MINDED 
 
 Australians are a sports-loving people. 
 The favorable climate permits participa- 
 tion in sports throughout the year. Ten- 
 nis, golf, football, cricket and swimming 
 are among the more popular athletic 
 activities. 
 
 16 
 
'Now' is the time to join 
 
 the more than 1,400 U.S. firms 
 
 already established in Australia 
 
 Gaps in existing industry open way to U.S. participation; 
 Government invites all investment conducive to growth 
 
 By EUGENE M. LANG 
 
 President, Resources and Facilities Corp., 
 New York City 
 
 More than 1,400 U.S. companies are 
 now established in the Australian market 
 through subsidiaries, license arrangements 
 or joint-venture associations. Neverthe- 
 less, some 250 proposals for new produc- 
 tion projects arising from Trade Mission 
 interviews during its 3-week stay in Aus- 
 tralia indicate that the appetite of local 
 industry for U.S. manufacturing know- 
 how and related equipment is strong and 
 vigorous. 
 
 The scope of opportunity in Australia 
 varies greatly among industries and spe- 
 cific product lines. Based on informal 
 Government statements to the Mission, 
 there are diverse "gaps in industry" that 
 offer particularly favorable possibilities 
 for foreign companies to join Australians 
 in establishing industries or extending ex- 
 isting activities. 
 
 These areas include: veterinary and 
 agricultural chemicals; food machinery; 
 industrial fans and blowers; process plant 
 equipment (including grinding, mixing 
 and blending machinery, crushing and 
 screening plant, filters and separators, 
 centrifuges and dryers, dust collectors); 
 central heating equipment; special pump- 
 ing units for corrosive, high-temperature 
 and viscous materials; prepared and spe- 
 cialty food products; industrial controls; 
 laundry equipment; packaging machinery; 
 leisure time products (such as boats, guns, 
 fishing reels) ; and smooth floor coverings. 
 
 Promising areas 
 
 Interviewed Australian businessmen 
 outlined attractive opportunities in proj- 
 ects for the manufacture of air tools, 
 construction equipment, variable speed 
 drives, embossing foil and specialty 
 laminates, aluminum and specialty build- 
 ing products, heavy-engineering process 
 plants, industrial control valves and sole- 
 noids, plastic products, electrical switch- 
 gear, shot blasting equipment, pressed 
 metal products, pumps for petroleum and 
 chemicals, business machines and small 
 
 Government representation 
 
 The Australian Government 
 maintains an Embassy at 1700 Mas- 
 sachusetts Avenue NW., Washing- 
 ton, D.C., and Consulates General 
 at 636 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y., 
 and 350 Post St., San Francisco, 
 Calif. 
 
 The Australian Trade Commis- 
 sioner Service has the following 
 representation in the United States: 
 Commercial Counselor at 3148 
 Cleveland Ave., NW., Washington, 
 D.C.; Senior Trade Commissioner at 
 630 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y., 
 and Trade Commissioners at 350 
 Post St., San Francisco, Calif.; and 
 Suite 1510, 3600 Wilshire Blvd., Los 
 Angeles, Calif. 
 
 The United States is represented 
 in Australia by an Embassy at Can- 
 berra, Consulates General at Syd- 
 ney and Melbourne, and Consulates 
 at Perth, Brisbane, and Adelaide. 
 
 computers (especially now that Australia 
 is converting to a decimal currency), tape 
 recorders, finishing materials and specialty 
 paints, packaging equipment, vending 
 machines, materials handling devices and 
 scores of other items. 
 
 In presenting these indicated opportuni- 
 ties to the U.S. business community, the 
 Mission emphasizes the "now" factor. 
 The Australian Government is actively 
 encouraging industry to expand. In a free 
 enterprise climate, it welcomes, without 
 discrimination, all foreign know-how and 
 investment that can contribute to eco- 
 nomic growth. 
 
 Australian businessmen generally de- 
 sire, and in many cases are actively solicit- 
 ing, U.S. associates who can supply know- 
 how and equipment. However, they will 
 not wait and possibly forfeit the perma- 
 nent advantages that may be gained from 
 Australia's present industrial surge. 
 
 Australia is eager to absorb its under- 
 developed areas more effectively into its 
 
 national economy. This requires a large 
 population increase which must be. sup- 
 ported mainly by job-opportunities of an 
 expanded industry. Over the 10 year pe- 
 riod ending in fiscal 1962, there was an 
 approximate 23% increase in Australia's 
 population and 70% rise in its manufac- 
 turing output. 
 
 A second factor in the dynamics of 
 Australia's growth is a drive to increase 
 industrial efficiency so local products can 
 meet the competition of world markets. 
 The Australian economy used to be sub- 
 stantially integrated with Commonwealth 
 interest in terms of investment, equip- 
 ment supply, products manufactured and 
 markets served. 
 
 Industry, for the most part tooled to 
 serve limited domestic needs, was rela- 
 tively inefficient and expensive. It was 
 also shielded by high tariff walls. 
 
 Nevertheless, combined with rich min- 
 eral and commodity resources, and with 
 strict foreign exchange and import con- 
 trols, it permitted Australia to develop 
 one of the world's highest living stand- 
 ards. 
 
 Known all along 
 
 However, Australia has known for 
 years that the Commonwealth system 
 could not be relied on indefinitely to pro- 
 mote industrial growth and maintain eco- 
 nomic equilibrium. Since the end of 
 World War II, the Government has en- 
 couraged new industry to start and ex- 
 isting industry to expand. It has selec- 
 tively stimulated a population influx that 
 brought production skills, management 
 talent and entrepreneurial ambitions. 
 
 Manufacturers were urged to modern- 
 ized and increase "local content" of out- 
 put by measures designed to attract for- 
 eign technical know-how and capital. Ex- 
 change controls were relaxed so that 
 Australian and foreign businessmen could 
 freely set up license and joint venture 
 projects involving investment and inter- 
 est of royalty remittances. 
 
 Beginning with 1962, Australian manu- 
 facturers were permitted to charge a 
 20% "bonus" deduction of the cost of 
 new production equipment against taxable 
 income in addition to usual depreciation. 
 
 Virtually all import restrictions and 
 import licensing procedures were also 
 abandoned. At the same time, many new 
 tariff barriers were instituted to cushion 
 local industries against competition of 
 foreign suppliers. 
 
 The Australian Government also en- 
 couraged industry to develop its export 
 potential by introducing 2 incentives. 
 First, manufacturers were permitted to 
 deduct 200% of all expenses incurred to 
 promote overseas sales from taxable in- 
 
 17 
 
1 
 
 
 ASSEMBLING RADIO CONTROLS: Workers at the 
 Hendon Works, South Australia, of Philips Elec- 
 trical Industries Pty. Ltd., work on the assembly line. 
 
 come. Such expenses cover a broad range 
 of items, including overseas travel, ad- 
 vertising, consultation fees, samples, quo- 
 tations and the like. 
 
 Second, for each 1% increase of ex- 
 port sales above a certain base period 
 (one half of exports from July 1, 1958 
 to June 30, 1960) Australian companies 
 became entitled each year to a \2Vi% 
 rebate of the 2Vi % payroll taxes for the 
 year. The rebate is also applicable to sup- 
 pliers of components for exported prod- 
 ucts. 
 
 Export conscious 
 
 Responding to Government stimuli, 
 Australian manufacturers have become 
 highly export-conscious and have broad- 
 ened overseas markets, especially in the 
 Far East and Southwest Pacific areas. In 
 fiscal 1963, about 35% of Australian 
 exports went to Asian countries which ab- 
 sorbed only 1 1 % before World War II. 
 Commonwealth countries took only 39% 
 of exports against over 50% in fiscal 
 1959. 
 
 Manufactured products, as a compo- 
 nent of Australia's exports in fiscal 1963, 
 rose 7.5% over the comparable ratio for 
 fiscal 1959, despite sharply increased ex- 
 ports of wool and foodstuffs. 
 
 These conditions have proved attractive 
 to U.S. as well as Australian businessmen. 
 Many feel that license and joint-venture 
 relationships with Australian companies 
 can enable them to tap oriental markets 
 more effectively. Indications are that the 
 substantial flow of U.S. investment has 
 continued. U.S. direct investments in Aus- 
 tralia are already well over $1 billion. 
 
 The Mission believes that the greatest 
 opportunities offered by Australia's bur- 
 
 geoning industry for license and joint- 
 venture collaboration still lie ahead. De- 
 spite accelerated retooling in recent years, 
 much Australian production remains hob- 
 bled by admittedly old and obsolete equip- 
 ment and by inefficient manufacturing 
 techniques. The psychology of the Aus- 
 tralian business community is outstand- 
 ingly "go." It has the capital, initiative 
 and Government support to translate this 
 mood into action. 
 
 Both Federal and State Governments 
 of Australia publish and freely distribute 
 excellent and detailed facts related to 
 existing industry and development needs. 
 Trade Commissioner offices, located in 
 New York, Washington, Chicago and San 
 Francisco, actively seek U.S. associates 
 for constituents back home. These offices 
 are prepared to give corresponding at- 
 tention to specific proposals from U.S 
 firms. 
 
 The mechanics of negotiating an in- 
 vestment, license or joint venture impose 
 no unusual problems. U.S. companies will 
 readily find good rapport and solid re- 
 sponse from their Australian counter- 
 parts in any worthwhile undertaking. 
 
 Despite generally pro-American atti- 
 tudes, the Australian market for capital 
 and license ventures is open equally to 
 all foreigners. Australian businessmen are 
 quite alert to the comparative values of 
 technology and equipment, and they may 
 be expected to respond to competitive in- 
 fluences. 
 
 Thus, in recent years numerous license 
 and joint-venture activities were estab- 
 lished with foreign associates in Ger- 
 many, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Hol- 
 land and Japan. The latter, having be- 
 come Australia's largest export customer, 
 is likely to play an increasing role in the 
 growth of Australian industry. 
 
 Australian control or, at most 50-50 
 ownership, is much preferred. However, 
 foreign ownership or control, on a sub- 
 sidiary or any other basis, may freely be 
 accomplished. Neither the Government 
 nor the Exchange Control authorities of 
 the Reserve Bank interpose obstacles. 
 Nevertheless, the sentiment for local own- 
 ership participation and control deserves 
 respect. 
 
 Unlimited 
 
 Australians also do not want to be 
 unduly limited in the franchises granted 
 to them under licenses, or which are to 
 be served by joint-ventures. Traditionally, 
 the Commonwealth system has restricted 
 the flow of Australian-made goods to the 
 local market and, occasionally New Zea- 
 land. However, export incentives and the 
 need for broader markets to maintain an 
 efficient industry no longer permit many 
 
 Australian enterprises to accept narrow 
 trading areas. 
 
 Local preferences are divided between 
 licensing and the joint-venture approach 
 to the use of foreign technology. The 
 larger Australian company, which is us- 
 ually publicly owned, seems well disposed 
 to accept licenses. The smaller company 
 may prefer a joint-venture, partly to con- 
 serve or augment capital but, more often 
 because there is comfort in having the 
 foreign associate "in the same boat," as 
 a minority or equal partner. 
 
 Most new manufacturing projects in 
 Australia must reckon with tariff regula- 
 tions. If the project is designed to intro- 
 duce a product not made in Australia and 
 which is being imported with little or no 
 duty, the possibility of obtaining specific 
 tariff protection is open. It is Australia's 
 policy to afford "reasonable and ade- 
 quate" protection against import compe- 
 tition to "economic and efficient" indus- 
 tries. 
 
 The procedure for seeking such pro- 
 tection starts with an application to the 
 Department of Trade and Industry in 
 Canberra. If the Department feels that a 
 prima-facie case supports the request, the 
 question is referred to the Tariff Board. 
 The latter publicizes the request and con- 
 ducts a public inquiry, at which all inter- 
 ested parties may testify. 
 
 Tariff Board recommendations as to if 
 and, how much protection should be given 
 rest largely on whether it deems the new 
 activity to be "economic and efficient." 
 It also must take into account Australia's 
 obligations under GATT and its trade 
 agreement with England. 
 
 In determining "economy," the Tariff 
 Board considers broad questions such as 
 market size, possibility of expansion, use 
 of local resources, effect on consumer 
 costs and whether the new venture will 
 assist other industries to develop. To esti- 
 mate "efficiency," comparison is made 
 between local and imported costs and 
 prices, and between the activity concerned 
 and other similar activities. 
 
 Waiting period 
 
 The decision making process takes 
 about 12 months. The applicant must 
 convince the Tariff Board that the re- 
 quest justifies favorable action. The 
 amount of tariff protection that the Tariff 
 Board, if favorably disposed, is likely to 
 recommend may be estimated from duties 
 applied to comparable types of products 
 already produced in Australia. These fall 
 mostly between 30% and 60%. 
 
 An application for tariff protection us- 
 ually is considered only after a new ven- 
 ture is in operation. Regulations permit 
 advance consideration if the Government 
 regards it as in the national interest. 
 
 18 
 
However, no recent instance of such ad- 
 vance action is known. 
 
 To guard a local enterprise while its 
 application for tariff protection is being 
 considered, procedures for temporary tar- 
 iff protection have been established. Upon 
 application, the Department of Trade and 
 Industry promptly seeks and evaluates 
 information submitted by interested par- 
 ties (local industry, importers, or repre- 
 sentatives of supplying countries). Should 
 the request be endorsed, it is passed along 
 to a Special Advisory Authority which 
 must make its recommendations within 
 30 days. If favorable, temporary protec- 
 tion goes into effect while the Tariff 
 Board is considering the permanent rate. 
 
 Unless an earlier termination has been 
 specified, the temporary rate ceases to 
 operate not later than 3 months after the 
 Tariff Board's final report. Relatively few 
 requests for temporary tariff protection 
 are now being filed and most applica- 
 tions are rejected. 
 
 Although tariff protection is a strong 
 incentive for overseas firms to invest in 
 Australia, it is risky to create a new enter- 
 prise on the assumption that tariff pro- 
 tection will be granted. The risk tends to 
 diminish if it can be conclusively estab- 
 lished that the enterprise is filling an 
 admitted "gap in industry" with an "effi- 
 cient and economic" operation; that it 
 will use only local resources or compo- 
 nents, and will replace imported products 
 while providing demonstrable export po- 
 tential. 
 
 Few measure up 
 
 The Mission saw no license and joint- 
 venture opportunities that fully met all of 
 these qualifications. By the same token, 
 the facts sunt unding most protective 
 tariff decisions also fall short of these 
 combined conditions. 
 
 Perhaps more important than protec- 
 tive tariff procedures to new manufac- 
 turing ventures is the "By-law" system of 
 Australian tariff regulations. This system 
 provides for the admission, free of duty 
 or at concessional rates, of goods nor- 
 mally subject to protective levies, pro- 
 vided "suitably equivalent goods" are not 
 produced or cannot be made "reasonably 
 available" in Australia through local pro- 
 duction. 
 
 This system can substantially determine 
 the attraction of a new manufacturing 
 activity. Without a "By-law" concession 
 the cost of capital equipment may be in- 
 creased by the 55% tariff usually applied. 
 Product costs can be similarly affected 
 if essential components must be imported. 
 
 The Australian tariff structure, and its 
 "By-law" provisions should be studied in 
 relation to any contemplated venture. For 
 this purpose, it may be well to consult with 
 
 ^ \;*- , Wi 
 
 
 
 VOLKSWAGEN PLANT: An assembly line in Melbourne, Victoria. Australia is a supply point for Volks- 
 wagen (Australia) Pty. Ltd. for the entire Far East and South East area, as it is for many other firms. 
 
 a qualified Australian customs agent who 
 regularly deals with tariff and "By-law" 
 problems of many clients. The Mission 
 spoke with a number of these specialists 
 and was impressed with their "feel" of 
 administrative attitudes of Customs offi- 
 cials and with the experienced aid they 
 offer in dealing with specific tariff ques- 
 tions. 
 
 Tariff considerations do not seem in- 
 fluenced by the desirability of alternative 
 supply sources or by the extent of com- 
 petition within an industry. In fact, Aus- 
 tralia has no meaningful anti-trust legis- 
 lation. Monopolistic or semi-monopolistic 
 conditions prevail in many product lines 
 without evoking serious public concern. 
 
 A Restrictive Trade Practices Bill is 
 currently being proposed by the Govern- 
 ment. However, opinions expressed to the 
 Mission indicated that, if enacted, the 
 law would not significantly modify Aus- 
 tralia's policy of protecting established 
 enterprise. As one official put it, "We're 
 glad to have you Yanks come under our 
 protectionist 'umbrella' and stir up com- 
 petition with your modern equipment and 
 techniques/' 
 
 The Australian Government offers no 
 special inducements to attract new in- 
 dustry, but each of the 6 states has a 
 program to promote industrialization. The 
 departments directing these programs 
 collect facts concerning local economic 
 and business conditions. They usually 
 have competent technicians who can 
 furnish expert survey and planning as- 
 sistance, and one has an office in the U.S. 
 
 They may also undertake to finance 
 or build new factory facilities, offer 
 freight and power concessions on state- 
 owned services, or provide housing for 
 personnel. They may pay training sub- 
 sidies for labor and subsidize the cost of 
 transporting capital equipment and 
 making special installations. 
 
 U.S. manufacturers interested in com- 
 ing to Australia should consult with all 
 the major state industrial development 
 offices. 
 
 Special incentives 
 
 To encourage broader economic and 
 population distribution, most state de- 
 velopment authorities offer special incen- 
 tives for the establishment of new 
 industries outside the main urban centers. 
 The special opportunities and advantages 
 that so-called "country centre" factory 
 locations can obtain have been worked 
 out in useful detail. 
 
 Some states have prepared particularly 
 comprehensive brochures describing their 
 regional development and decentraliza- 
 tion programs. These are readily avail- 
 able. 
 
 The question of transportation can be 
 quite important. The country's markets 
 are separated by wide distances, and 
 there are virtually no navigable rivers. 
 Regular coastal shipping is non-existent, 
 even though the major cities are seaports. 
 
 The road network is reasonably good 
 but in many areas reflects the limited 
 needs of sparse population. Road-build- 
 ing has been primarily a state concern, 
 but the Federal Government encourages 
 
 19 
 
highway construction through a financial 
 support program. 
 
 Trucking facilities are readily avail- 
 able although loads are restricted by 
 highway and other conditions. Air trans- 
 port has grown rapidly and Australia's 
 basic logistical difficulties are reflected 
 by its world leadership in freight-ton 
 miles flown per capita. 
 
 Railroad development has suffered 
 from differences of rail gauges utilized 
 by the various state-owned systems. It 
 is only about 2 years since the first uni- 
 form-gauge rail link was established 
 between the 2 prime markets of Mel- 
 bourne and Sydney. Factory rail sidings 
 are few and are not readily available to 
 new industry. 
 
 These transportation factors make 
 distribution costs in Australia relatively 
 high. Cargo often requires extra handling 
 and reloading. Time in getting goods to 
 some markets can be excessive. Thus, 
 freight and transport aids that regional 
 development officials may offer new in- 
 dustry can be extremely valuable. 
 
 Labor is generally skilled, but cur- 
 rently in short supply. The standard work- 
 week is 40 hours but overtime is frequent 
 and often a factor in attracting workers. 
 Turnover of factory personnel, especially 
 in urban centers, is high and is estimated 
 by some to average more than 50% an- 
 nually. About two-thirds of Australia's 
 4 million-plus work force is unionized. 
 
 Basic wage rates for different skills and 
 job classifications are set by State or 
 Federal industrial tribunals and are nor- 
 mally reviewed each year. These rates are 
 supplemented by over-award payments, 
 special allowances and overtime. The in- 
 come of the average Australian worker 
 is slightly more than half the U.S. level. 
 In addition, he receives relatively liberal 
 social service and vacation benefits. 
 
 Needs no approval 
 
 A license or joint-venture agreement 
 may be freely signed by the parties and 
 requires no Government approval. How- 
 ever, it must be submitted to the Ex- 
 change Control Section of the Reserve 
 Bank of Australia for ratification of terms 
 involving foreign capital investment, and 
 interest and royalty remittances. Since 
 1 960, the policy has been to grant prompt 
 approval. 
 
 Remittances of royalties and interest 
 or dividends, or the repatriation of capi- 
 tal, are taken as a matter of course, but 
 before each remittance it is necessary to 
 submit an application to the Reserve 
 Bank. Approval is normally immediate 
 and routine. It has, reportedly, never 
 been refused. 
 
 The application procedure is main- 
 tained merely to have the mechanics of 
 exchange control if Australia's financial 
 
 position should ever become critical. 
 However, in past "critical" circumstances 
 the flow of remittances under then exist- 
 ing agreements was never interrupted; 
 only the foreign exchange aspects of 
 new investment and license undertakings 
 became subject to careful scrutiny. 
 
 Australian corporate or "limited" 
 forms are either "proprietary" or "pub- 
 lic" companies. The former restricts the 
 right to transfer its shares, limits the 
 number of shareholders and prohibits 
 any invitation to the public to subscribe 
 for shares or debentures, or to deposit 
 funds. A "public" company is any 
 "limited" company which is not proprie- 
 tary. It can solicit capital funds from the 
 public. 
 
 Companies may be incorporated in 
 any State or Federal territory of Aus- 
 tralia. All states and Territories follow a 
 substantially uniform company law. Com- 
 panies must register in each state in which 
 they do business but there is no compell- 
 ing reason for incorporating in one 
 jurisdiction or another. Companies in- 
 corporated in the Capital Territory of 
 Canberra avoid some of the stamp and 
 corporate charges that States are entitled 
 to levy. 
 
 Developed markets 
 
 Capital markets for public companies 
 in Australia seem well developed. There 
 are active stock exchanges in all major 
 cities. The process of raising capital 
 through public offering is effective. Un- 
 derwriting is generally less complicated 
 and is carried out at lower cost than in 
 the U.S. Australian commercial banks 
 through various forms, reportedly offer 
 capital funds and credit facilities on a 
 relatively long term basis. 
 
 Income taxes in Australia are imposed 
 only at the Federal level. Proprietary 
 companies pay a 25% tax on the first 
 $1 1.200 of taxable income and 35% on 
 any taxable income in excess. There is 
 a further 50% tax on retained profits 
 which are deemed excessive. Resident 
 public companies are taxed 35% of the 
 first $1 1,200 of taxable income and 40% 
 on excess profits. 
 
 Public companies are not subject to 
 undistributed profits assessment. The 
 purchase of companies with loss carry- 
 forwards is commonly done in Australia 
 as a means of reducing income tax lia- 
 bilities. 
 
 Employers also pay a 2Vi % payroll 
 tax on the gross amount of compensation 
 paid out in excess of $23,296 per year. 
 In recent years this tax has been recouper- 
 able as an export incentive. 
 
 Dividends paid by Australian com- 
 panies to U.S. tax-paying residents, cor- 
 porate or individual, are subject to a 
 maximum of 15% withholding tax, pro- 
 
 vided they maintain no permanent estab- 
 lishment in Australia. Royalty remittances 
 under license agreements are, generally 
 speaking, subject to income tax withhold- 
 ing at corporate tax rates. 
 
 However, tax laws permit a division 
 of royalties between technical services 
 and royalties, which can permit tax sav- 
 ings. Interest remittances are subject to 
 40% income tax withholding. There is 
 no tax on capital gains. 
 
 Tax convention 
 
 A convention for the avoidance of 
 double taxation is in operation between 
 Australia and the U.S. and each grants 
 a credit for income tax paid in the other 
 country. The tax data given above is 
 intended only to indicate the relative im- 
 pact of Australian tax regulations on 
 points of general interest. Tax regula- 
 tions, and provisions of the tax conven- 
 tion with the U.S., are comprehensive 
 in detail and should be studied in the 
 context of any contemplated enterprise. 
 
 Patent and trademark regulations of 
 Australia are well-defined and recognize 
 the International Convention for the pro- 
 tection of industrial property rights. They 
 are patterned after British law and pro- 
 cedures. Patent applications are subject 
 to examination. If allowed, they have a 
 16 year life from filing date. 
 
 U.S. manufacturers often fail to 
 realize that Australia and New Zealand 
 are separate and individual nations. Ac- 
 cordingly, patent and trademark protec- 
 tion must be sought independently in 
 each country. The technical sophistica- 
 tion of Australian industry is also note- 
 worthy. Unless know-how involved in 
 the production of a product is particu- 
 larly complex, established patent values 
 are quite important in negotiating manu- 
 facturing licenses. 
 
 Perhaps the most attractive areas of 
 opportunity, which may involve the few- 
 est complications, relate to license and 
 joint-venture associations built around 
 existing enterprises seeking to extend 
 their activities or to make current opera- 
 tions more efficient. There are many 
 small and even large Australian manu- 
 facturers who are eagerly seeking this 
 sort of foreign association. 
 
 At all levels of private business and 
 Government, the Mission was made to 
 feel that the "welcome mat" is out for 
 U.S. enterprise, know-how and equip- 
 ment. 
 
 U.S. STYLES 
 
 Although Australia is nearly self-suffi- 
 cient in the manufacture of clothing, 
 there remains a strong demand on the 
 part of retailers for apparel from over- 
 seas. U.S. clothing is greatly admired. 
 
 20 
 
Background: Australia-agriculture vs. booming industry 
 
 Industry in down-under land 
 comes of age to vie with 
 prospering agricultural area 
 
 Diversified output brings country closer to seSf-sulfnciency 
 in some sectors; mineral industry continues important role 
 
 Australia — long regarded by the world 
 as a producer of wool, food, and other 
 primary materials — has also emerged as 
 a manufacturing nation. 
 
 The manufacturing industries now pro- 
 vide the largest share of the national 
 income, but for its prosperity Australia 
 continues to rely on the products of pas- 
 tures, farms, and mines. Not only have 
 these products provided the raw materials 
 for its processing industries but, as lead- 
 ing export items, they have been the 
 main source of funds from abroad. 
 
 Australia's gross national product and 
 national income are both advancing rap- 
 idly. From $6.1 billion in 1950, GNP 
 grew to $11.9 billion in 1956 and then 
 soared to $17.6 billion in 1963. National 
 income has had a corresponding growth. 
 
 Australia's manufacturing industry is 
 small by world standards but well estab- 
 lished and diverse in output. By 1961, 
 the manufacturing output had climbed 
 to £5,217 million from 57,782 factories 
 employing more than 1.1 million work- 
 ers — whereas in 1939, output was worth 
 £A500 million from 27,000 factories 
 and 573,000 workers. 
 
 Seventy percent of the factories, con- 
 sisting mainly of small plants engaged in 
 servicing and repairs, employ less than 
 11 persons but of the total manufactur- 
 ing work force, about one-half are em- 
 ployed in factories having more than 100 
 workers. 
 
 Shift to heavy industry 
 
 In recent years emphasis has shifted 
 from subsistence industries making food, 
 clothing, and other consumer goods to 
 heavy industries making products needed 
 by an increasingly mechanized and com- 
 plex economy. Industries making heavy 
 machinery, including electrical equip- 
 ment, machinery, and transport equip- 
 ment, now provide work for one-third 
 
 of all factory employees compared with 
 about one-fourth in prewar years. 
 
 The chemical industry and the fuel, 
 lubricant, and power groups also experi- 
 enced greater rises since prewar than the 
 average gain of 65 percent made by the 
 manufacturing industries. 
 
 Wide range 
 
 The motor vehicle industry — a striking 
 example of the industrial advance in 
 Australia since World War II — now man- 
 ufactures and assembles complete motor- 
 cars. Currently more than half the de- 
 mand is met by Australian production. 
 Local factories also produce diesel-elec- 
 tric locomotives, jet engines, cathode-ray 
 tubes, rayon acetate yarn, and penicillin. 
 
 Australian manufactured goods now 
 satisfy most of the consumer demand; 
 Australia is self-sufficient in building ma- 
 terials, plastics, radios, most foods, bev- 
 erages, textiles and clothing, certain do- 
 mestic electrical appliances, and many 
 common chemicals. 
 
 Most of the Dominion's requirements 
 for metal manufactures, farm machinery 
 except tractors, communication equip- 
 ment, furniture, and leather goods are 
 met by domestic production. In addition, 
 Australia now produces two-thirds of the 
 locomotives and rolling stock required, 
 one-fourth of the wheel tractors used, 
 and a large proportion of its requirements 
 of electric motors, heavy power-generat- 
 ing equipment, drugs and chemicals, 
 paper goods, and rubber manufactures. 
 
 U.S. firms active 
 
 Many Australian manufacturing con- 
 cerns have close financial and technical 
 connections with leading manufacturers 
 overseas, particularly in the United States 
 and the United Kingdom. More than 
 200 U.S. firms have investments in sub- 
 sidiaries, and some 1,000 others have 
 patent or other licensing arrangements 
 or distribution facilities in Australia. 
 These range from large enterprises to 
 small firms turning out one or two spe- 
 cialty products. On the whole, foreign 
 
 PETROCHEMICALS EMERGING: Industrial complex at Altona, near Melbourne, booms as new center 
 producing polyethylene, liquid butadiene and the country's first output of synthetic rubber. 
 
 21 
 
22 
 
investments in Australia have proved 
 highly satisfactory. 
 
 The manufacturing industry is under- 
 going an unprecedented period of expan- 
 sion. It nevertheless faces many prob- 
 lems, such as a small market ( 1 1 million 
 people), and relatively high production 
 costs because of limited output, high 
 costs of transportation and of certain 
 essential imported materials, and low 
 productivity arising from labor problems. 
 Australia continues to import approxi- 
 mately one-fourth of the manufactured 
 goods it requires. 
 
 Rich in minerals 
 
 The mineral industry of Australia has 
 always played an important part in the 
 economy — from the leading producer of 
 wealth in the gold rush period of the 
 1850's to a major export earner in the 
 1950's. The net value of minerals pro- 
 duced in the year 1959 amounted to 1.7 
 percent of the gross national product. 
 
 The significance of mining as a pro- 
 ducer of exports has been out of propor- 
 tion to its relatively minor importance 
 to the economy as a whole. Total exports 
 of ores, concentrates, and metals, includ- 
 ing gold but excluding iron and steel 
 (exported almost exclusively in manufac- 
 tured or semimanufactured forms) ex- 
 ceeded £A58.5 million, or 7.2 percent 
 of total exports in 1959. 
 
 Most of the known minerals and 
 metals have been found in Australia, and 
 more than 60 types of commercial metals 
 and minerals have been produced in 
 commercial quantity. A number of met- 
 als and minerals are produced primarily 
 for export, including gold, lead, rutile, 
 silver, tungsten, and zinc. 
 
 Australia is self-sufficient in coal, iron 
 ore, and talc, but domestic production of 
 mineral pigments, salt, and tin have to 
 be supplemented by imports. Recently, 
 Australia achieved important successes in 
 uranium, and newly prospected extensive 
 reserves of bauxite may provide the 
 foundation for an important aluminum 
 industry. 
 
 Some important metals and minerals 
 are not found in Australia or are pro- 
 duced in such negligible quantities that 
 practically all requirements must be im- 
 ported. Among these, the principal ones 
 are phosphate rock and sulfur. Australia 
 is also short of certain strategic minerals, 
 such as nickel, chrome, and mercury. 
 
 Important metal and mineral deposits 
 are found in all six Australian States and 
 in the Northern Territory, and each State 
 has substantial coal deposits. Lead, zinc, 
 and silver are found principally in New 
 South Wales, Queensland, and Tasmania; 
 iron ore in South Australia and Western 
 
 Australia; and copper in Queensland and 
 Tasmania. Gold now comes mainly from 
 Western Australia as Victoria's gold de- 
 posits have been largely exhausted. 
 
 Coal power 
 
 Australia, with its relatively small hy- 
 droelectric power production and, so far, 
 only small producing petroleum deposits, 
 has traditionally relied on coal to provide 
 the fuel and power her economy requires. 
 
 Coal mining is the country's leading 
 mining activity, and in 1958 its gross 
 production was valued at £A57.1 mil- 
 lion, or 41.5 percent of the year's total 
 mining output. Production of silver, lead, 
 and zinc, which are generally found 
 combined in the same ore deposits, rank 
 as the second most important branch 
 of the mining industry. Production of 
 these metals in the year 1958 exceeded 
 £A34.4 million, or about one-fourth of 
 the country's total mining output. 
 
 Gold ranked third in total output, most 
 of which was retrieved from sources 
 other than ore. Copper mining, with a 
 1958 output valued at £A14.8 million, 
 was the fourth leading branch of the 
 mining industry. Rutile concentrates, a 
 new and developing export earner, was 
 fifth with a value of production of 
 £A4.5 million. 
 
 Iron ore, although only in sixth place 
 among the minerals with a value of 
 £A4.4 million, is the basis of the coun- 
 try's whole iron and steel industry. It is 
 of greater economic importance than the 
 nominal value of its output would indi- 
 cate. Other metals and minerals each 
 with annual production values exceeding 
 £A1 million are tin, tungsten, pyrite 
 ores, brick clay, limestone, and asbestos. 
 
 Uranium and coal are produced by 
 both private companies and Governmen- 
 tal bodies. Practically all other Aus- 
 tralian minerals and metals are owned, 
 mined, and smelted by private enterprise. 
 
 Emphasis on wool 
 
 The wide open spaces of Australia are 
 ideal for pastoral production. Even areas 
 with low and erratic rainfall are used to 
 advantage. Wool production is the coun- 
 try's leading industry, and Australia's 
 flocks, comprising approximately one- 
 sixth of the world's sheep, produce more 
 than one-quarter of the world's wool (30 
 percent in 1960) and about 55 percent 
 the total fine quality merino wool. 
 
 Besides being the world's foremost 
 wool-growing country, Australia is also 
 one of the leading producers of meats 
 and dairy products. Queensland and the 
 Northern Territory are the main beef- 
 cattle breeding grounds and most of the 
 meatworks are at or near ports. Dairying 
 
 WOOL RESEARCH: Electron microscope is em- 
 ployed in one of many projects at Australia's 
 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research 
 Organisation to unlock fiber secrets. 
 
 is concentrated in the better watered and 
 more temperate areas. Most of Aus- 
 tralia's dairy cattle are in the coastal 
 areas of Queensland, New South Wales, 
 and Victoria. 
 
 Although the pastoral industry is of 
 first importance, agriculture has also been 
 widely developed. Besides wheat and 
 other grains, all the popular vegetables 
 and fruits, including tropical and citrus 
 fruits, are being cultivated. Grapes are 
 grown for the table, for winemaking, and 
 for drying. 
 
 Sugar farming supplies the local mar- 
 ket and yields a large surplus for export. 
 Rice, peanuts, tobacco, cotton, and hops 
 are successfully grown, and continual 
 efforts are made to discover new crops 
 that can be cultivated economically. 
 
 Three-fifths of the total area of Aus- 
 tralia, or about 1,148 million acres is 
 utilized to raise agricultural produce or 
 livestock and livestock products. Over 95 
 percent of the land is used for grazing 
 or is permitted to lie idle, and, on the 
 remaining 5 percent, crops are grown. 
 
 The country's high level of productiv- 
 ity is largely the result of farm mechani- 
 zation. The number of tractors on rural 
 holdings has increased from 42,000 in 
 1939 to 285,000 in 1963. The extensive 
 use of fertilizers, including the treatment 
 of land by aircraft, also contributes to 
 high productivity. 
 
 HEALTHY PEOPLE 
 
 Australia is rated as one of the healthi- 
 est countries in the world. Medical 
 standards are high and both Government 
 and private hospitals are available in city 
 and country districts. 
 
 23 
 
MORE POWER, MORE WATER: The vast Snowy Mountains Scheme in the Southern Australian Alps is 
 a 25-year project which will furnish over 2.5 million kw. of electricity, together with water supplies to 
 irrigate 1,000 square miles of potentially fertile dry land. (World Bank photo.) 
 
 Aussies purchase 
 more U.S. goods 
 
 Machinery, instruments, drugs 
 and fertilizer are among 
 leading American exports 
 
 As Australia grows industrially and 
 economically, so does its demand for 
 U.S. products. The value of American 
 goods purchased in 1963 showed a strik- 
 ing 28% increase over the previous year. 
 
 Foreign trade plays a major role in the 
 Australian economy. The combined 
 value of exports and imports in the year 
 ended June 1963 totaled $4.8 billion out 
 of a gross national product of $17.6 bil- 
 lion. 
 
 U.K. role diminished 
 
 The traditional role of the United 
 Kingdom as Australia's principal trading 
 partner continued. Between 1959 and 
 1961 the bond was weakened, as was the 
 link between Australia and the other 
 Commonwealth countries. In 1959, the 
 United Kingdom took 32 percent of Aus- 
 tralia's exports and supplied 39 percent 
 of its imports. 
 
 By 1963, however, the United King- 
 
 dom received only 19 percent of its ex- 
 ports and supplied 30 percent of its im- 
 ports. Trade with the Commonwealth 
 countries as a whole has declined and is 
 now less than 50 percent of the Aus- 
 tralian total. 
 
 The United States continues to be the 
 second major source of Australia's im- 
 ports and between 1959 and 1963, the 
 U.S. share of total Australian imports 
 increased from 14 percent to 21.3 per- 
 cent due principally to the large-scale 
 relaxation of import restrictions in 1959- 
 60. Japan and West Germany, each with 
 about 6 percent of the import market in 
 1961, maintained their positions as third 
 and fourth most important suppliers. 
 Canada was the fifth source for imports 
 while New Zealand was ninth. 
 
 On the export side, Japan strength- 
 ened its second-place position, taking 16 
 percent of Australia's exports in 1963 
 (compared with 13 percent in 1959). 
 The U.S., as the third largest market, 
 increased its share to 12 percent. Neigh- 
 boring New Zealand was ranked fourth, 
 followed by France, Italy, and West 
 Germany. 
 
 The major portion of Australian ex- 
 ports consist of agricultural products and 
 certain minerals and ores. Imports usu- 
 ally include a wide range of manufac- 
 tures and semi-manufactures and certain 
 
 raw materials and foodstuffs not avail- 
 able domestically. 
 
 U.S. goods popular 
 
 Leading U.S. items exported to Aus- 
 tralia have been various types of indus- 
 trial equipment. For fiscal 1962-63, Aus- 
 tralian imports of U.S. machinery and 
 metals were valued at $267.9 million, for 
 28.1% of Australian imports in this cate- 
 gory. U.S. optical, surgical and scientific 
 instruments captured ~:8.7% of the Aus- 
 tralian market; while chemicals, ferti- 
 lizers and drugs (valued at $46.2 million) 
 took 29.7% of the import market. 
 Another 38.9% of the market was taken 
 by U.S. tobacco, vegetable substances 
 and fibers for a $31.9 million total. 
 
 Meat and wool imports combined nor- 
 mally account for approximately three- 
 fifths of U.S. imports of Australian 
 goods. Nonferrous metals, of which lead 
 is the imost important, are in third place. 
 
 Leading exports to the United King- 
 dom include wool, frozen meats, butter, 
 sugar cane, and fruit. Major imports 
 from the United Kingdom are manufac- 
 tured items such as motor vehicles, both 
 electrical and nonelectrical machinery, 
 chemicals and drugs. 
 
 The United Kingdom is particularly 
 favored as a supply source because its 
 goods enter Australia under preferential 
 rates of duty and it traditionally has been 
 a large market for foodstuffs from Aus- 
 tralia. 
 
 £ TO $ IN 1966 
 
 The present Australian monetary sys- 
 tem is based on the British system; the 
 unit is the pound (£) divided into 20 
 shillings (s.) each of 12 pence (d.). The 
 current rate of exchange of the Aus- 
 tralian pound is $2.24; the shilling, 
 $0,112; and the penny, $0.0093. 
 
 Australia will introduce a decimal cur- 
 rency unit in 1966. The new major unit 
 will be called the dollar. A smaller unit 
 will be called the cent. 
 
 RESIDENT AMERICANS 
 
 U.S. nationals who plan permanent 
 residence in Australia are free to keep 
 their U.S. citizenship or make application 
 for Australian citizenship following a 5- 
 year residential qualification. 
 
 Resident Americans are entitled to all 
 rights applicable to Australian citizens, 
 including land ownership and the estab- 
 lishment of commercial enterprises. 
 
 The Income Tax (International Agree- 
 ment) Act of 1953 provided for relief 
 from double taxation of income earned 
 in Australia by U.S. citizens. 
 
 24 
 
Varied marketing 
 outlets can aid 
 U.S. exporters 
 
 Merchandising, advertising, 
 service techniques follow 
 patterns of U.S. business 
 
 Sales of U.S. products are generally 
 conducted through resident agents who 
 usually have offices in either Sydney or 
 Melbourne. There are numerous local 
 firms that act as manufacturers' agents 
 or exclusive distributors. A few retailers 
 and wholesalers import directly. Aus- 
 tralian wholesalers usually are located 
 in the capital cities and sell directly or 
 through branch offices to retailers in their 
 locality and throughout the country. 
 
 Retail establishments in heavily settled 
 areas are similar to those in the United 
 States. Department stores, some of which 
 conduct a mail-order business for persons 
 in small towns, are common in the larger 
 cities, and there are many small shops 
 that specialize in particular lines of mer- 
 chandise, such as shoes, hats, men's wear, 
 and women's wear. 
 
 Supermarkets flourish 
 
 American-style suburban supermarkets 
 have also become popular in recent years 
 as have the practices of telephone shop- 
 ping and delivery service. A further 
 manifestation of the U.S. influence was 
 evidenced when the first American-type 
 drive-in restaurant opened near Mel- 
 bourne. 
 
 Mail-order retailing accounts for an 
 insignificant portion of the total retail 
 trade but is becoming more important, 
 especially on orders from New Guinea 
 and the Pacific Islands. 
 
 Discount houses in Australia have not 
 yet met with public acceptance and, in 
 addition, are under constant attack by 
 established retailers and their trade or- 
 ganizations. Major factors inhibiting the 
 growth of discount houses are the size 
 of the market and the regulated trading 
 hours. With an Australian population 
 of around 1 1 million, a discounter has 
 difficulty in achieving sufficient volume 
 to operate profitably on small margins. 
 Also, trading hours are regulated so that 
 weekend and night selling, on which dis- 
 count houses usually depend, is illegal, 
 further reducing the potential market. 
 
 TV advertising up 
 
 Advertising methods are similar to 
 
 those employed in the United States. 
 Most of the advertising is now done 
 through the press and radio, with televi- 
 sion assuming a much more important 
 role. There are many general advertising 
 agencies in Australia. The majority of 
 these are in Sydney or Melbourne, but 
 the larger firms have offices in other 
 cities as well. In addition, numerous spe- 
 cialists are engaged in press, radio, 
 theatrical, and other forms of advertis- 
 ing. 
 
 The major advertising agencies render 
 a high standard of service. Some provide 
 facilities for making surveys, formulating 
 and developing sales policies and provid- 
 ing other specialized services. 
 
 Reliable commercial credit agencies in 
 the principal cities cover all the main 
 centers in Australia as well as many 
 smaller towns. Firms furnishing credit 
 information may be found in the capital 
 cities, and the services of collection agen- 
 cies are also available. A well-known 
 U.S. credit reporting organization has 
 branches in Sydney and Melbourne. 
 
 Government imposes sales 
 tax on wide range of goods 
 
 A sales tax is imposed by the Aus- 
 tralian Government. The tax on imports 
 subject to the sales tax is collected by 
 customs at the port of entry and is based 
 on the duty-paid value increased by one- 
 fifth. 
 
 Passenger cars are taxed at 22Vi%, 
 commercial vehicles and motorcycles 
 bear 12'/2% tax. The latter rate applies 
 also to parts, accessories and tires for 
 both passenger and commercial vehicles. 
 
 A 25% rate applies to a number of 
 classes of goods — jewelry, toilet prepara- 
 
 tions and requisites, fountain pens and 
 propelling pencils, photographic appara- 
 tus and materials, phonographs and rec- 
 ords, radio and television sets, and fur 
 garments. A 2V£% rate applies to speci- 
 fied household goods — furniture, equip- 
 ment and appliances. 
 
 The general rate of \2Vx% applies to 
 all goods not exempt and not covered in 
 the foregoing material. 
 
 Many goods are exempt from the sales 
 tax, including agricultural machinery, 
 mining machinery and equipment, pri- 
 mary products, tobacco, foodstuffs, drugs 
 and medicines, books of a nonadvertising 
 character, surgical equipment, and build- 
 ing materials. 
 
 MILD WINTERS 
 
 The outstanding characteristics of Aus- 
 tralia's climate are warm temperatures 
 with mild winters, frequent fine weather 
 with light to moderate winds, little cloud- 
 iness, and abundant sunshine. 
 
 COMPULSORY EDUCATION 
 
 Education in Australia is compulsory 
 from the ages of 6 through 14, and in 
 some states to 16. It is provided free in 
 schools controlled by each State Govern- 
 ment or by the Commonwealth Govern- 
 ment for the Northern and Capital Terri- 
 tories. 
 
 ELECTRIC CURRENT 
 
 Voltage in Australia ranges from 200 
 to 250 volts and is mostly 50-cycle, 3- 
 phase alternating current. 
 
 TV sets of U.S. manufacture must be 
 converted to 240-260 volts, 50 cycles, 
 with a picture of 625 lines per inch in 
 order to operate well. 
 
 AT THE CONTROtS: Operator at tissue paper mill of Apcel, Ltd., in Millicent, South Australia, checks 
 speed and volume of production. (Photo from Australian News & Information Bureau.) 
 
 25 
 
<~*mmmmm 
 
 SIGNALS FROM SPACE: Radio telescope near 
 Parkes in New South Wales stands as high as an 
 18-story building and has a dish 210 feet in 
 diameter. Instrument will be able to track satel- 
 lites past a distance of 20 million miles. 
 
 Sea, air traffic 
 play major role 
 in trade patterns 
 
 Rail and bus transport also 
 utilized on island continent 
 
 As an island continent, Australia tra- 
 ditionally has relied upon ocean shipping 
 both for overseas as well as much of its 
 domestic trade. More recently, air cargo 
 shipments have played an increasingly 
 important role. 
 
 The postwar expansion of secondary 
 industries in Australia served to increase 
 the demand for shipping. Most overseas 
 shipping is handled by the ports of the 
 capital cities of the six States, with 
 Sydney and Melbourne accounting for 
 about half of the total. Sydney and 
 Hobart can readily accommodate ships 
 of 36-foot draft. Port Melbourne can 
 handle such ships by extensive dredging, 
 but at Fremantle, Adelaide, and Brisbane 
 ships must anchor well outside the har- 
 bors. 
 
 The main ports have ample wharfage 
 and modern cargo-handling equipment. 
 Storage facilities for general cargo and 
 frozen products are normally available. 
 
 There are no free ports or zones. Pub- 
 lic and bonded warehouses are operated 
 by private enterprise and by State and 
 Federal Governments. 
 
 Australia leads the world in freight-ton 
 miles flown per capita and is second only 
 to the United States in passenger miles 
 per capita. There is an excellent system 
 of about 10 internal airlines, linking all 
 capital cities and serving a large number 
 of both the more important and the more 
 isolated centers of the Commonwealth. 
 In addition, Australian domestic airways 
 provide passenger and freight service to 
 all parts of the world by connection with 
 leading international airline routes. 
 
 The Government-owned Trans-Aus- 
 tralian Airlines, operated by the Aus- 
 tralian National Airlines Commission, 
 provides domestic air service, in conjunc- 
 tion with those of the nine private lines. 
 
 The sole Australian airline active over- 
 seas is Qantas Empire Airways, Ltd., 
 owned and operated by the Common- 
 wealth Government. Qantas, in associa- 
 tion with British Overseas Airways Corp. 
 (BOAC), operates several times weekly 
 from Sydney to London via Darwin, 
 Djakarta, Singapore, and other intermedi- 
 ate points and from Sydney to San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Foreign airlines operating from Aus- 
 tralia include Pan American World Air- 
 ways, BOAC, Canadian Pacific Airlines, 
 Royal Dutch (KLM), Air France, and 
 Tasman Empire Airlines (TEAL), for- 
 merly owned jointly by the Australian 
 and New Zealand Governments but now 
 owned solely by the New Zealand Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 Kingsford-Smith Airport at Sydney has 
 two runways, one 7,898 feet long and 
 another 5,500 feet in length. Darwin air- 
 port, important as a point of entry and 
 departure to the United Kingdom and 
 Europe, has one runway 10,000 feet 
 long. 
 
 Airports at Melbourne, Brisbane, and 
 Perth are designated international air- 
 ports, and numerous airports throughout 
 Australia provide services for domestic 
 operators. 
 
 A five-year airport development pro- 
 gram to cost over $67 million was an- 
 nounced in 1962. Part of the funds will 
 be used to set up an international jet air- 
 port in Victoria. 
 
 Standardizing rail gauges 
 
 Australian railways are almost entirely 
 owned and operated by the governments 
 of the different States and the Common- 
 wealth. The railway system connects the 
 capital cities of each of the mainland 
 States, thoroughly covers the more 
 thickly settled areas of the country, and 
 extends into the sparsely settled areas 
 lying some distance inland. 
 
 Thinly populated northern Australia 
 has scant rail services, and the northwest 
 
 fourth of the continent has almost none. 
 
 The railways are generally of 3 gauges, 
 namely, 42 inches, 56V2 inches, and 63 
 inches. The State and Commonwealth 
 Government authorities realize that the 
 difference in gauges has been the major 
 obstacle to efficient railway operation in 
 Australia. 
 
 Active steps are being taken to provide 
 a uniform railway gauge, permitting 
 through shipments of goods from State 
 to State in the near future. The first 
 standard gauge line between Melbourne 
 and Sydney, Australia's two largest cities, 
 was opened to general service in April 
 1962. More recently, plans have been 
 developed to standardize the rail link be- 
 tween Broken Hill in New South Wales 
 and Port Pirie in South Australia. 
 
 Road networks 
 
 Motor transport is an important ad- 
 junct to the railways. Many communities 
 owe their existence to the automobile and 
 motortruck, for the traffic offered did not 
 warrant the provision of railways. 
 
 Roads have been expanded and im- 
 proved steadily, and networks of good 
 roads now link the more settled parts of 
 Australia. 
 
 Australia had some 535,000 miles of 
 roads, of which about 195,000 miles con- 
 sisted of paved roads of various surfaces, 
 as of June 30. 1960. The bulk of this 
 paved mileage was concentrated in the 
 populous coastal strips of southern 
 Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, 
 and South Australia. A substantial 
 amount of paved road mileage could also 
 be found in Western Australia, Tas- 
 mania, and northern Queensland. 
 
 Australian roads vary greatly in qual- 
 ity. They range from mere bush tracks 
 to modern divided highways. Relatively 
 few roads in .Australia, however, com- 
 pare favorably with modern American 
 highways. 
 
 SUMMER IN DECEMBER 
 
 The seasons in Australia are the re- 
 verse of those of the Northern Hemi- 
 sphere with summer in December, Janu- 
 ary and February and winter in June, 
 July and August. 
 
 Summers are warm to hot, particularly 
 in the far northwest, and temperatures 
 remain warm in winter throughout the 
 north. 
 
 SMALL HEATING UNITS 
 
 Central heating of the type Americans 
 are accustomed to is not generally avail- 
 able in Australia. Most urban residents 
 use small gas, electric or kerosene heaters 
 in cold weather. 
 
 26 
 
Overseas traders, listed below, want to do business with American firms. 
 Commodities they wish to buy or sell are "identified by description and by 
 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual number. 
 
 Other symbols used: 
 
 * — Additional information on the trade opportunity may be obtained by 
 writing Commodity Export Promotion Staff, BDSA-111, Department of 
 Commerce, Washington, D.C., 20230. 
 
 NCIA — No commercial information available on the overseas firm. 
 
 WTD — World Trade Directory report available. WTD reports give a de- 
 scription of the firm, its sales territory, size of business, sales volume, 
 trade and financial reputation and other data. Copies can be bought 
 for $1 each from the Commercial Intelligence Division, Bureau of Inter- 
 national Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 
 20230. Numbers following the WTD symbol show the date the report 
 was issued. 
 
 I.R. — Interview Report, identified by following number, is available on 
 the trader. These reports are compiled by the Trade Mission. Copies 
 can be obtained from Trade Mission Division, Bureau of International 
 Commerce, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 20230. 
 
 Leads for 
 Exporters 
 
 01 1 Field Crop Farms 
 
 Importer seeks agencies for raw cotton for 
 spinning, carding. Chemtex Pty. Ltd., 52 Clar- 
 ence St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 54. 
 
 200 Food 
 
 Interested in importing any convenience 
 foods in large volumes such as instant onion, 
 instant potato. Davenport & Heine Bros, of 
 Australia Pty. Ltd., 473 Bourke St., Melbourne, 
 Vic. I.R. 256-A. 
 
 Food processor seeks raw cranberries in bar- 
 rels, R.S.P. frozen or canned cherries, canned 
 fish. Masterfoods Pty. Ltd., 27 Smith St., 
 Matraville, N.S.W. I.R. 112. 
 
 204 Grain Mill Products 
 
 Manufacturer seeks supplier of soya bean 
 meal. Food Oils Pty. Ltd., 203 Thomas St., 
 Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 2/25/64. I.R. 161. 
 
 209 Food Preparations 
 
 Interested in emulsifiers and stabilizers for 
 ice cream. H. G. Langdon & Co. Pty. Ltd., 351- 
 355 King St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 297. 
 
 Need sources of dehydrated onion powder, 
 ribbled onions dehydrated to 5 or 6% mois- 
 ture, granulated dehydrated garlic, potato 
 starch for thickener in foods. Lee McKeand 
 & Son Pty. Ltd., 55 Commercial Rd., South 
 Yarra, Vic. WTD 3/3/62. I.R. 373. 
 
 Interested in getting supply of powdered 
 ingredients, adaptable for use in vending 
 machines such as instant powdered milk, tea, 
 soups, chocolate. Machine Made Sales Pty. 
 Ltd., 97 Union St., North Sydney, N.S.W. 
 I.R. 201.* 
 
 Interested in importing into Australia all 
 types of pulses such as dried beans, including 
 lentils, red beans, cannchini, barlotti, black- 
 
 eye, lima, all in bulk. Also long grain rice 
 polished; orders would probably be in quanti- 
 ties of 20 tons or more at a time 4 times a 
 year. Want 75% in No. 1 retail final pkgs, 
 balance in bulk. Also need supplier for cashew 
 nuts, hazelnuts, almonds in bulk. Terra Pty. 
 Ltd., 42 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 
 312. 
 
 Importers of curry powder looking for com- 
 panion food lines to distribute. Fisher Swan 
 Pty. Ltd., 365 Elizabeth St., Melbourne. I.R. 
 330. 
 
 221 Broad Woven Fabric Mills, 
 Cotton 
 
 Importer desires exclusive agency for printed 
 ticking cotton from 56 to 78'; will consider 
 buying stock later. Alex McDonald & Sons, 75 
 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 52. 
 
 222 Broad Woven Fabric Mills, 
 Manmade Fiber, Silk 
 
 Textile manufacturer interested in estab- 
 lishing contact with U.S. weaver of worsted 
 blends for mens'-ladies' suiting 8/10 oz. for 
 exchange of patterns and new blend ideas on 
 royalty basis. David Coombe Pty. Ltd., 67 
 Church St., Lidcombe, N.S.W. I.R. 216. 
 
 224 Narrow Fabrics, Other 
 Smallwares Mills 
 
 Importer wants high-fashion synthetic tex- 
 tiles for ladies' dresses. Tallerman & Co., Ltd., 
 60 York St., Sydney. WTD 2/25/64. I.R. 1. 
 
 Wholesaler seeks exclusive agency for cot- 
 ton, synthetic piecegoods, plain, printed, popu- 
 lar to medium price for men's and women's 
 wear, furnishings. Kreglinger (Aust. ) P/L, 10 
 Loftus St., Sydney. I.R. 151. 
 
 Looking for agency of U.S. manufacturer 
 of embossed cottons and printed nylons 5x48" 
 mainly for bedspread and quilting trade, also 
 mens' cotton shirtings. Eggerton & Co., 8 
 Reiby St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 219. NCIA. 
 
 Material for ladies' suits, cotton or rayon 
 with surface interest, washability not essential, 
 for casual and sportswear, popular price. 
 David Nankin Mfg. Co. Pty. Ltd., 274 Bruns- 
 wick St., Fitzroy, Vic. I.R. 350. 
 
 Looking for agency for synthetic tops and 
 yarns: new acrilics, spun fibers. William C. 
 Kacjson & Co., 134 Flinders St., Melbourne, 
 Vic. I.R. 396. 
 
 229 Textile Goods 
 
 Manufacturer seeks 76" cloth for roller 
 blinds 20 x 20 yarns, with Vs" woven stripes in 
 red, grey, black. Henderson Shaw Pty. Ltd., 
 Philpot St. & Addison Rd., Marrickville, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 107. 
 
 Agents for textile machinery interested in 
 representing spinner of slub, fancy yarns, ny- 
 lon 6. C. Huppert & Co., Melbourne. I.R. 324. 
 
 Interested in obtaining agency for cotton 
 shirtings, printed cottons for furnishing trade, 
 woven plain cottons and synthetics for under- 
 wear trade. L. A. Schlesinger Imports Ltd., 
 323 Bourke St., Melbourne. I.R. 349. 
 
 Interested in representing U.S. firm in syn- 
 thetics, cottons for ladies' fashions. H. Lamm, 
 15 Hefernan Lane, Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 279. 
 
 Looking for agency of U.S. manufacturer of 
 raschel, lever laces, all prices. Also manufac- 
 turers of ladies' underwear fabrics, men's 
 shirtings, cotton, cottonblends. Eric J. Herrn- 
 stadt, 41 Spring St., Melbourne. WTD 11/ 
 8/63. I.R. 270. 
 
 Furnishing fabrics, also ladies' clothing, 
 preferably cottons; also for nylon-pile fabrics, 
 imitation furs. P. R. Pratt & Co., 232 Flinders 
 Lane, Melbourne. I.R. 259. 
 
 Specialty yarns (slubs, etc.) Frank Lee & 
 Co. Pty. Ltd., 116 Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. 
 I.R. 365. 
 
 239 Fabricated Textile Products 
 
 Wholesaler selling to small retailers seeks 
 pillow cases, tea towels, bath towels, table sets. 
 Kennard & Kennard, 84-86 Greek St., Glebe, 
 N.S.W. WTD 3/6/64. I.R. 56. 
 
 260 Paper Products 
 
 Interested in buying high-grade, fancy sta- 
 tionery. Spicer's Ltd., 377 Lonsdale St., Mel- 
 bourne, Vic. I.R. 397. 
 
 265 Paperboard Containers, Boxes 
 
 Wholesaler wants packaging materials for 
 food. A.N.V. Bence Pty. Ltd.. 6 Emily St., 
 Rozelle, N.S.W. WTD 3/6/64. I.R. 64-B. 
 
 281 Industrial Chemicals 
 
 Importer seeks chemical lines to add to 
 existing representations; calcium molybdate for 
 steel alloys and commercial adipic acid. Elliott 
 Beckett & Co., G.P.O. Box 3415, Sydney, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 127. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks source of supply of tall 
 oils (Ioticica) for paint. Food Oils Pty. Ltd., 
 203 Thomas St., Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 2/25/64. 
 I.R. 161. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agencies and/or license 
 for chemicals and specialty chemicals for paint, 
 rubber, plastics industries; wants shipments 
 in 55 gallon drums, bulk quotations. Swift & 
 Co. Pty. Ltd., 149-155 Milton St., Ahsfield, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 96.* 
 
 282 Synthetic Materials 
 
 Firm seeks gum resin. Prices quoted must 
 be cif. Kreglinger Pty. Ltd., 10 Loftus St., 
 Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 169.* 
 
 Wholesaler wants packaging materials for 
 food. A.N.V. Bence Pty. Ltd., 6 Emily St., 
 Rozelle, N.S.W. WTD 3/6/64. I.R. 64-B. 
 
 27 
 
289 Chemical Products 
 
 Fina seeks to import or manufacture under 
 license materials similar to sodium alginate. 
 Alginates Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 4, Marrickville, 
 N.S.W. NCIA. I.R. 132. 
 
 307 Plastic Products 
 
 Textile agents and importers of mats and 
 matting interested in buying acrilic or plastic 
 matting 27" and 36" and doormats sizes to 9. 
 Clifton H. Joseph & Sons Pty. Ltd.. 89 Flinders 
 Lane, Melbourne. WTD 10/31/62. I.R. 325. 
 
 Wants source of "jpply for vinyl tile. Hubert 
 Stokes & Co.. 32 Whiting St., Artarmon, Syd- 
 ney, N.S.W. WTD 12/8/54. I.R. 205-A. 
 
 326 Pottery 
 
 Wholesaler desires agency for crockery, 
 glassware, chinaware, carpets. Kreglinger P/L, 
 10 Loftus St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 151. 
 
 329 Abrasive, Asbestos, 
 
 Nonmetallic Mineral Products 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 abrasives. James Munday & Co., Lord St., 
 Botany, N.S.W. WTD 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 340 Fabricated Metal Products 
 
 Wholesaler of agriculture machinery wants 
 steel furniture for gardens. Grazcos Co-op. Ltd., 
 46 Young St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 206-A. 
 
 342 Cutlery, Hand Tools, General 
 Hardware 
 
 Wants source of supply for builders hard- 
 ware items. Hubert Stokes & Co., 32 Whiting 
 St., Artarmon, Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 12/8/54. 
 I.R. 205-A. 
 
 Small manufacturing agent, representing lo- 
 cal manfacturers of builder and plumbing sup- 
 plies covering Victoria state only, interested in 
 acquiring agencies for U.S. hardware and sup- 
 plies. Donald R. Fraser Pty. Ltd., 1 Karwitha 
 St., Vermont, Vic. I.R. 244-A. 
 
 Sales company seeks lines of air tools, air 
 control equipment, particularly air operated 
 stapling, nailing machines. Air Power Service, 
 540 Pacific Highway, St. Leonards, N.S.W. 
 NCIA. I.R. 119. 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 lines of hand, portable power tools. James 
 Munday & Co., Lord St., Botany, N.S.W. WTD 
 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 343 Heating Apparatus, Plumbing 
 Fixtures 
 
 Manufacturer seeks line of window and door 
 screening. J.F. Barter Mfg., George St., Bex- 
 ley, N.S.W. I.R. 157. 
 
 Wants source of supply for plumbing sup- 
 plies. Hubert Stokes & Co., 32 Whiting St., 
 Artarmon, Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 12/8/54. I.R. 
 205-A. 
 
 Manufacturer of heating units and steam 
 boilers wants heat exchanger: water to water — 
 steam to water. Presha Engineering Pty. Ltd., 
 Ferntree Gully Rd., Notting Hill, Vic. I.R. 275. 
 
 344 Fabricated Structural Metal 
 Products 
 
 Manufacturers of overhead trolly material 
 handling equipment would like a U.S. source 
 of supply for trolley wheels; ball bearings, 
 hardened steel, straight flange, also geared 
 flange, capacities (per set of 4 wheels) Vis T 
 to 2 T. Estimated dia. of wheels besides flange 
 
 3" to 6" approx. ; dustproof, self aligning, pres- 
 sure lubrication. Hoisting Services Pty. Ltd., 
 301 Albert St., Brunswick, Vic. I.R. 362. 
 
 348 Fabricated Wire Products 
 
 Manufacturer seeks line of oil fired home 
 furnaces. J.F. Barter Mfg., George St., Bexley, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 157. 
 
 352 Farm Machinery 
 
 Wholesaler desires to purchase electrostatic 
 flocking machines. Apex Display Co.. 4 Talford 
 St., Glebe, Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 140. 
 
 Wholesalers of agriculture machinery want 
 weed control equipment, supplies, misting. 
 Grazcos Co-op. Ltd., 46 Young St., Sydney, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 206-A. 
 
 Manufacturer of agricultural and veterinary 
 chemicals interested in power sprayers for ap- 
 plication of fertilizers and weed killing chemi- 
 cals to grain crops, pasture land. New Farm 
 Rural Products Pty. Ltd., 100 McBryde St., 
 Fawkner, Vic. I.R. 399. 
 
 Wants irrigation equipment: pumps, sprink- 
 lers, pressure regulators, couplings. Roberts 
 Stewart & Co. Ltd., 2 Collins St., Hobart, TAS. 
 NCIA. I.R. 296. 
 
 Wants irrigation equipment for farms or 
 golf courses such as P.V.C. tubes, complugs, 
 or aluminum; tractors, light agricultural ma- 
 chinery for attachment to light tractors. El- 
 liotts M.F. Services, 47 Lonsdale St., Dande- 
 nong, Vic. I.R. 266. 
 
 Interested in farm gates and agricultural 
 fabricated products of various types. William 
 C. Lynch Pty. Ltd.., 190-196 Burke Rd., Alex- 
 andria, N.S.W. I.R. 210. 
 
 Wants to import fertilizer spreaders for su- 
 perphosphate, truck and trailer type; later 
 license for local manufacturer. Delarue Ptv. 
 Ltd., 202-218 North St., Albury, N.S.W. I.R. 
 358. 
 
 353 Construction Machinery 
 
 One of the largest import firms in Australia 
 would like to add U.S. lines in the road con- 
 struction machinery field. Davenport & Heine 
 Bros, of Australia Pty. Ltd., 473 Bourke St., 
 Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 256-A. 
 
 Substantial civil engineering company with 
 equipment rental subsidiary interested in buy- 
 ing some special U.S. construction equipment, 
 also collaboration with U.S. firm in develop- 
 ing equipment loaning activities or heavy en- 
 gineering equipment field. Prentice Builders 
 Pty. Ltd., 210 Riversda!e Road, Hawthorn, 
 Vic. I.R. 360. 
 
 Manufacturer of diamond drills and tools 
 and importers of oil field equipment for sale 
 in Australia interested in importing specialty 
 equipment for mining, mineral exploration, 
 mineral extraction and processing leading to 
 license or joint venture. Mindrill Ltd.. 64-74 
 Bell St., Preston, Vic. WTD 9/10/62. I.R. 251. 
 
 Wholesaler-retailer seeks material handling 
 equipment on agency basis. Norman N. Benson 
 Pty. Ltd., 520 Gardeners Rd., Mascot, N.S.W. 
 WTD 3/12/64. I.R. 94. 
 
 Importer seeks source of supply for repair 
 parts for crawler tractors. New South Wales 
 Tractor Supplies, 2 Onchandleigh St., Yen- 
 nora, N.S.W. I.R. 144. 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment desires 
 lines of materials handling equipment. James 
 Munday & Co., Lord St., Botany, N.S.W. WTD 
 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 Wholesaler seeks diesel powered portable 
 air compressor of 100 to 1,200 cfm; mine or 
 quarry mobile drilling equipment lines not 
 represented in Australia. Blackwood & Hodge 
 
 Pty. Ltd., Ferndel St., Granville, N.S.W. WTD 
 9/20/63. I.R. 141. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks to purchase designs for 
 portable conveyors, elevators, light duty pack- 
 age unit belt conveyors for specific models; 
 will import other models to round out line. 
 K. G. Coles & Co. Pty. Ltd., 17 Bourke Rd., 
 Alexandria, N.S.W. WTD 3/3/64. I.R. 164. 
 
 Manufacturer needs materials handling 
 equipment for new plant. Amalgamated Wire- 
 less Australasia Ltd., 47 York St., Sydney. 
 I.R. 17. 
 
 Importer seeks materials handling equipment 
 for distribution in Australia. L. Williams Bros., 
 245 Oxford St., Bondi Junction, Sydney. 
 I.R. 36. 
 
 Importer seeks agency for plant and mater- 
 ials handling equipment. George Cohen Sons 
 & Co., 15 Derby St., Lidcombe, N.S.W. WTD 
 6/27/62. I.R. 3.* 
 
 354 Metalworking Machinery 
 
 Distributor desires agency for surface grind- 
 ers, universal grinders, vertical milling machin- 
 ery, vertical lathe, horizontal boring mills; 
 specialty numerical control machine tools. 
 Brown & Dureau Ltd.. 428 George St., Sydney, 
 N.S.W. WTD 7/30/63. I.R. 99. 
 
 Importer desires to represent lines of indus- 
 trial equipment including single spindle auto- 
 matics, large radial drills, bolt making ma- 
 chines, specialty machine tools. William Adams 
 & Co., G.P.O. 3995, Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 142.* 
 Importer seeks agency for machine tools. 
 George Cohen Sons & Co. Pty. Ltd., 15 Derby 
 St., Lidcombe, N.S.W. WTD 6/27/62. I.R. 3.* 
 Wholesaler seeks welding equipment. 
 Messrs. Kennilly Industries, P.O. Box 30, 
 Baulkham Hills, Sydney, N.S.W. NCIA. 
 I.R. 85. 
 
 Wholesaler-retailer seeks new lines of ma- 
 chine tools on agency basis. Norman N. Benson 
 Ptv. Ltd.. 520 Gardeners Rd., Mascot, N.S.W. 
 WTD 3/12/64. I.R. 94. 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 chucks and other work holders; cutting tools. 
 James Munday & Co.. Lord St.. Botany, N.S.W. 
 WTD 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks lines of specialty ma- 
 chine tools for distribution in Australia. Mod- 
 ern Tools Pty. Ltd.. 414 Botany Rd., Alexan- 
 dria, N.S.W. I.R. 149. 
 
 Importer seeks agency or distributorship for 
 machine tools. Special interest in surface grind- 
 ers with horizontal spindle; bar-cutting ma- 
 chines with dia. capacity of 6-14"; cold sawing 
 equipment with insertable circular blade; tan- 
 gential die-type screwing machine up to 8" dia. 
 Gibson Battle & Co. Ltd., 535 Kent St., Svdney. 
 I.R. 63. 
 
 Importer seeks specialty equipment for wire 
 processing. Fraser Hrones & Co., 110 Willough- 
 by Rd., Crows Nest, N.S.W. I.R. 24. 
 
 One of the largest import firms in Australia 
 would like steel machinery and equipment for 
 non-ferrous industry, also machine tools. Dav- 
 enport & Heine Bros, of Australia Ptv. Ltd., 
 473 Bourke St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 256-A. 
 Wants to buy machine tools for manufacture 
 of agricultural pumps. Mr. W. S. Lowe & John 
 P. Young & Associates, 2 Glen St., Hawthorn, 
 Vic. I.R. 372. 
 
 Large surface grinders, 6-8 ft. horizontal. 
 Rockley Engineering Co., 642 Harris St., Ul- 
 timo, N.S.W. I.R. 198. 
 
 Wants agency for tape control machine tools. 
 Stanger & Co. Ltd. 194 Miller St., West Pres- 
 ton. Vic. I.R. 394. 
 
 Wants product or tools involving forgings 
 or pressings. Cyclone Forging Ply. Ltd., 
 Harper St., Abbotsford. Vic. I.R. 383. 
 
 28 
 
Manufacturer of textile and packaging ma- 
 chinery wants to open machine tool division 
 for distributions of high production heavy ma- 
 chine tools, have technical trained personnel, 
 would stock equipment parts for eomnlete 
 servicing. The Reading Ptv. Ltd., 1 Holmes 
 St.. East Brunswick, Vic. I.R. 232. 
 
 Want to be agents for heavy lathes; vertical 
 boring mills; production type gear and hob- 
 bers, checkers; cooy lathes; large surface 
 grinders; large horizontal boring mills. Her- 
 bert OsbornePty. Ltd.. 19-27 Ireland St., West 
 Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 380. 
 
 1 used Vi" national boltmaker 5 stations 
 in good condition. McPherson's Ltd.. 546 Col- 
 lins St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 381. WTD 1/22/ 
 63. 
 
 Wants machine to make continuous helicoid 
 for screw conveyors. Kimbell Adeney Mfg. Co., 
 24 Main St., P.O. Box 3, Lilydale. Vic. I.R. 
 392. 
 
 355 Special Industry Machinery 
 
 Importer seeks agency for ultrasonic sealer 
 used for packaging. Gilbert Lodge & Co., Ltd., 
 13 Parramotta Rd., Lidcombe. I.R. 30. 
 
 Manufacturer desires machinery for produc- 
 tion of safflower, cottonseed, other vegetable 
 oils. Marrickville Margerine Pty. Ltd., 74 Edin- 
 burgh Rd., Marrickville, N.S.W. WTD 12/5/61. 
 I.R. 40. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks food packaging machin- 
 ery to sell and service. Brown & Kidd Pty. 
 Ltd., 147 Canterbury Rd., Petersham, Sydney. 
 I.R. 5.* 
 
 Importer seeks agencies for second-hand 
 looms for wools, worsteds, cottons, synthetics; 
 also new knitting machines, circular and warp 
 knit. Chemtex Pty. Ltd., 52 Clarence St., Syd- 
 ney, N.S.W. I.R. 54. 
 
 Importer desires confectionery packaging 
 machinery and food processing machinery not 
 produced in Australia. J. L. Lennard, 27 Reiby 
 Place, Sydney. WTD 4/8/63. I.R. 6. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks machinery and equip- 
 ment to broaden polythene packaging line. 
 Gilles-Morton Pty. Ltd., South St., Rydalmere, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 103. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agency or license for 
 paper converting and packaging machinery. 
 Tanmeco Engineering Pty. Ltd., 94 Queen 
 Victoria St., Bexley, N.S.W. I.R. 92.* 
 
 Manufacturer seeks ultrasonic drill that will 
 drill odd shaped holes in materials including 
 glass. E. M. Utick Pty. Ltd., Harp & Elizabeth 
 Streets, Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 10/15/63. 
 I.R. 108. 
 
 Publisher seeks 5,000 machines to wrap in- 
 dividual newspapers of tabloid size, up to 160 
 pages. Wants water resistant cover. Consoli- 
 dated Press-Daily Telegraph, 168 Castlereagh 
 St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 126> 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agency for domestic and 
 industrial water treatment equipment. J. S. 
 Richardson & Co., 576 Princes Highway, St. 
 Peters, N.S.W. I.R. 133. 
 
 Importer desires to represent producers of 
 packaging machinery used for hard materials, 
 vacuum packing, card display packing. Wil- 
 liam Adams & Co. Ltd., 175 Clarence St., Syd- 
 ney, N.S.W. I.R. 139*. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agency for packaging 
 machinery. Australian Sisalkraft Pty. Ltd., Ar- 
 thur St., Homebush, N.S.W. WTD 4/5/64. 
 I.R. 147. 
 
 Firm seeks machine to pack unrisen bread 
 dough into heat resistant cellophane tubes 
 272" dia. 15" long; high speed dough mixers. 
 Brown & Dureau, 428 George St., Sydney, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 162.* 
 
 Machinery for full fashioned outerwear, false 
 twist for bulking of synthetic yarns. Frank Lee 
 
 & Co. Pty. Ltd., 116 Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. 
 I.R. 365. 
 
 Manufacturer of textiles and packaging ma- 
 chinery wishes to represent U.S. manufacturers 
 of circular outerwear machinery, yarn process- 
 ing, textile piece goods processing and dying, 
 heatsetting (auto claves), sizing and pack- 
 amatic machines. Also seeks agency/distribu- 
 torship arrangement for packaging machinery 
 such as carton forming, packing and sealing 
 (other than glue seal type); filling machines 
 for powders and liquids; over wrapping ma- 
 chines that will handle plastic films (PVC. 
 polyethylene). The Reading Pty. Ltd.. 1 
 Holmes St., Brunswick, Vic. I.R. 232. 
 
 Interested in potato puff-forming equipment, 
 small fryer for companion line to their french 
 fries. General Foods Corp., King St., Oakleigh, 
 Vic. I.R. 243-A. 
 
 Manufacturer of packaging equipment wishes 
 to establish contact with U.S. packaging equip- 
 ment manufacturer not now represented in Aus- 
 tralia. Australian Consolidated Industries Ltd., 
 500 Bourke St., Melbourne, Vic. WTD 10/ 
 8/62. I.R. 242. 
 
 Interested in agencies for all types of print- 
 ing and graphic arts equipment that would 
 supplement existing lines; would also consider 
 manufacturing license for such equipment; 
 also packaging machinery. Seligson & Clare 
 Pty. Ltd., 183^Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 
 236. 
 
 Large import distributors of steel and en- 
 gineering equipment and largest producers of 
 forgings for automotive industry interested in 
 acquiring new agencies for engineering equip- 
 ment and packaging machines; also acquiring 
 license rights to new products, particularly 
 specialized equipment for process industries 
 having high unit value. A.N.I. Perkins Indus- 
 tries Pty. Ltd., Burnie Ave., Lydcombe, N.S.W., 
 Sydney. I.R. 229. 
 
 Manufacturer and importers of foods, food 
 processing, equipment, supplies wants addi- 
 tional lines of packaging machinery for dis- 
 tribution. Cibernetics Pty. Ltd., 212 King St., 
 Melbourne. Vic. WTD 1/17/64. I.R. 283. 
 
 Wants 6 automatic injection molding ma- 
 chines up to % oz., direct purchase leading to 
 license. Kelvin Dale Products, 596 Pennant 
 Hills Rd., W. Pennant Hills, N.S.W. I.R. 163. 
 
 Wants to make rectangular frames of steel 
 wire from 10 gauge up to %" dia., sizes from 
 6" on one side to 24" on other, up to 24x24" 
 for stove or refrigerator trays. Needs complete 
 unit to manufacture frames, including coil 
 holder, straightener, cut off, bender. Machine 
 can be equipped with welder to complete frame 
 but not required. Kenco Wire Fence & Gate 
 Pty. Ltd., 149 Williams Rd., Prahran, Vic. I.R. 
 393. 
 
 Wishes to purchase evaporator, input ca- 
 pacity 50,000 lb. hr., spray dryer, canacity 
 4,500 lb. powder hr. Murray Goulburn Co-op. 
 Co. Ltd., Cobram. Vic. I.R. 306. 
 
 Wants to purchase 1 form-fill-seal pkg. ma- 
 chine to package dry grocery items from 1 oz. 
 to 1 lb. in quantity. Imre Brust, 291 Alma Rd., 
 North Caulfield, Vic. NCIA. I.R. 313. 
 
 Manufacturers of mens' hosiery looking for 
 machinery for pre-boarding and post-boarding 
 mens' hosiery. John Hopkins & Co. Pty. Ltd., 
 17 Shierlaw Ave., Canterbury, Vic. I.R. 280. 
 
 Manufacturers of ladies' & children's swim- 
 wear, slacks, hosiery looking for machine to 
 package hosiery in P.V.C. or P.E. film. Gene- 
 vieve Sportswear Pty. Ltd., Cecil St., Fitzroy, 
 Vic. I.R. 276. 
 
 Looking for agency for weaving and combing 
 equipment. William C. Kacjson & Co., 134 
 Flinders St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 396. 
 
 Looking for machine for winding bindings 
 on cardboard and wrapping in PVC film in one 
 
 process. Bias & Binding, Hollywood Drive, 
 Cabramatta, N.S.W. I.R. 220. 
 
 Wishes to act as representative for U.S. 
 manufacturer of plastics extrusion machinery 
 leading to license (on latter would want know- 
 how and specialty parts for local assembly). 
 Can provide service and would stock parts. 
 Presently manufacturing injection moulding 
 equipemnt, has good contact with plastics in- 
 dustry. W. J. Handel & Co. Pty. Ltd., 705-707 
 Parramatta Rd., Leichhardt, N.S.W. I.R. 211. 
 Manufacturers of bread wrapping, other 
 packaging machines wants agency and/or li- 
 cense arrangement for wide line of packaging 
 machinery, all types. American Machine & 
 Foundry Co. Pty. Ltd., 32 Bridge St., Sydney, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 204. 
 
 Seafood processor wants to buy form-and-fill 
 poly bag machine, min. of 60 p.p.m. to max. 
 100 p.p.m., 9"x5y 2 " is 1 lb., 7"x5" is 8 oz. 
 bag. Food Brokers of Australia Pty. Ltd., 8 
 Maribyrnong St., Footscray, Vic. I.R. 311. 
 
 Wants roller coating for continuous strip and 
 application of PVC to steel, also electromag- 
 netic lift for coiled steel sheets. Hills Indus- 
 tries Ltd., 181 Burwood Rd., Hawthorn, Vic. 
 I.R. 347. 
 
 Interested in acquiring lines for import-dis- 
 tribution or licensed manufacturer of products 
 and equipment in wool scouring, carding field, 
 textile field generally, weaving equipment par- 
 ticularly. Silentbloc Pty. Ltd., Cnr. Chapman/ 
 Joseph St., Blackburn, Vic. WTD 2/24/64. I.R. 
 329. 
 
 Looking for agency of complete range of tex- 
 tile machines for cottons: spinning, carding, 
 weaving, dying, finishing, also warp-knitting. 
 Descourt Machine Industries Pty. Ltd., 914 
 Swanston St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 326. 
 
 Interested in acting as representative or dis- 
 tributor of U.S. manufacturers of specialty 
 fruit handling equipment, general paper pack- 
 aging machines, equipment if not already rep- 
 resented or manufactured in Australia. Aus- 
 tralian Pacer Manufacturers Ltd., South Gate, 
 South Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 378. 
 
 Wants concrete pipe making plant, complete, 
 for regular and pre-stressed concrete pipe of 
 12" to 60"; one machine to cover wide range 
 because of relatively low production. Mephan 
 Ferguson Pty. Ltd., Gordon St., Footscray, Vic. 
 I.R. 391. 
 
 Interested in buying circular knitting ma- 
 chines, automatic packaging machines for tex- 
 tile garments. Lilliput Mfg. Co., 579 Mt. Alex- 
 ander Rd., Moonee Ponds, Vic. WTD 9/25/62. 
 I.R. 367-A. 
 
 Building materials manufacturer wants con- 
 crete pipe making machinery. Stewart & Lloyds, 
 Newcastle, N.S.W. I.R. 247. 
 
 Agents for textile machinery interested in 
 agency for circular knitting and flat-bed knit- 
 ting machines. Has engineering shop, experi- 
 enced technicians, will be able to install, as- 
 semble, test, service machinery, will carry 
 spare parts. C. Huppert & Co., Melbourne, Vic. 
 I.R. 324. 
 
 Interested in representing U.S. manufac- 
 turers of guillotines, saws, proof presses which 
 would go in "composing room"; equipment 
 such as printing ink, line up tables, ascorlux 
 printing lights. Interested in any firm that 
 manufactures in the fields of "composing room 
 equipment" who are not already represented 
 in Australia. Monotype Co. of Australia Pty. 
 Ltd., 142 Pelham St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 245. 
 
 Looking for agency for high speed roto- 
 gravure printing equipment; also interested 
 in U.S. license and know-how or joint venture 
 with good U.S. firms for manufacturing of pack- 
 aging machinery, materials, who do not have 
 Australian subsidiary or close affiliates. For 
 models that do not lend themselves to local 
 
 29 
 
manufacturing, interested in agency. Swift & 
 Co., 149 Milton St., Ashfield, N.S.W. WTD 
 2/64. I.R. 214. 
 
 Looking for machinery to fill spaghetti and 
 tomato sauce, without breaking length of 
 spaghetti, into 301x411 and 401x411 can sizes; 
 machine to fill baked beans and tomato sauce 
 into 301x411 and 401x411 size cans; volumetric 
 fill: later check weight, speeds 100-120 cans per 
 minute; machine to core and peel tomatos for 
 solid pack 4 tons per hour capacity, same ma- 
 chine to also peel red beets for canning at 
 different time of year; equipment to peel po- 
 tatos and carrots; bottle labeling macliine, 400 
 bottles per min., for tomato catchup-shaped 
 bottles, two labels per bottle including a neck 
 label; slicing and blanching equipment for 
 solid pack sliced apple. Fowlers Vacola Mfg. 
 Co. Ltd., 257 Burwood Rd.. Hawthorn, Vic. 
 WTD 12/13/63. I.R. 355-A. 
 
 Polypropelene machine to side-seam bags 
 with electric eye for pre-printed material, .001 
 to .004, 7"x4" to 24"xl8"; if not in same ma- 
 chine, 2nd piece of equipment to make bottom 
 seal and cut off; at least 60 bags per minute 
 capacity. Apaco Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 39, Bur- 
 wood, Vic. I.R. 261. 
 
 Interested in shrink films and packaging 
 equipment for foods, apple size grading and 
 packing equipment, washing and waxing equip- 
 ment. Traders & Transport Pty. Ltd., 215a 
 Thomas St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 202. 
 
 Wants tubing bender for furniture manufac- 
 ture. Intercommerce Pty. Ltd., 24 Market St., 
 Melbourne, Vic. WTD 7/30/63. I.R. 285. 
 
 356 General Industrial Machinery 
 
 Wholesaler desires exclusive representation 
 of manufacturers of air tools, variable speed 
 drives, couplings (except those using eddy cur- 
 rent or electro-magnetic principle), air valves, 
 pressure regulators. Westeels Industries Ltd., 
 31-33 Parramatta Rd., Lidcombe. WTD 12/ 
 3/62. I.R. 7.* 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 ball and roller bearings, mechanical power 
 transmission equipment. James Munday & Co., 
 Lord St., Botany, N.S.W. WTD 2/24/64. 
 I.R. 87. 
 
 Wants diaphram-type compressor for CO- 
 free air, high pressure compressor for charging 
 CO; cylinder. Industrial Protective Co., 17G 
 Ferrars St.. South Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 385. 
 Wants hand pump, semi rotary or reciprocat- 
 ing for oils and gasoline for farm use. Spe- 
 cialized Equipment Supply Co., Suite 18, 428 
 St. Kilda Rd., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 332. 
 
 Wants needle roller, taper roller bearings 
 for use in ball bearing assembly plant. Anti 
 Friction Bearings Ltd., 11 Wellington St., 
 Windsor, Vic. WTD 3/6/62. I.R. 269. 
 
 Manufacturer of cooling towers wants line 
 of speed reducers up to 50 h.p. to run fan 
 blade for cooling towers. Lakeside Equipment 
 Pty. Ltd., 228 Clarendon St.. East Melbourne. 
 WTD 12/6/63. I.R. 343. 
 
 Wholesaler of agricultural machinery wants 
 fire fighting equipment, pumps. Grazcos Co- 
 op. Ltd., 46 Young St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 
 206-A. 
 
 Importer of meters and controls would like 
 source of chemical feed pumps, capacity up to 
 50 imperial gal. hr. for water treatment indus- 
 try. Chlori Meter & Control Co., 458 Waverley 
 Rd., East Malvern, Vic. I.R. 309. 
 
 357 Office, Computing, Accounting 
 Machines 
 
 Wants portable steam cleaning unit for cars. 
 Intercommerce Pty. Ltd., 24 Market St., Mel- 
 bourne, Vic. WTD 7/30/63. I.R. 285. 
 
 358 Service Industry Machines 
 
 Firm desires agency for shop scales, cali- 
 brated, prices. Able Scale Co., 29 Rosebank 
 Cresc, Hurstville, N.S.W. I.R. 19. 
 
 Distributor wishes to act as agent for com- 
 mercial refrigeration, air conditioning equip- 
 ment. Warburton Franki Industries Pty. Ltd., 
 107 Kent St., Sydney. WTD 10/21/63. I.R. 31. 
 
 Interested in representing lines in refriger- 
 ation and air conditioning supplies, high 
 vacuum pumps to 10 microns for evacuating 
 systems prior to filling with refrigerant. J. F. 
 Reidy Pty. Ltd., 170-180 King St., Melbourne. 
 Vic. I.R. 234. 
 
 Interested in "hot drink" equipment, auto- 
 matic or semi-automatic. Machine Made Sales 
 Pty. Ltd., 97 Union St., North Sydney, N.S.W. 
 I.R. 201.* 
 
 Manufacturers of heating, refrigeration, air 
 conditioning equipment wish to broaden line 
 as agents or under license. Dunn Air-Con- 
 ditioning Pty. Ltd., 291 Moray St., South 
 Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 227. 
 
 Wants lines in educational aids. J. J. Masem 
 & Co. Pty. Ltd., 500 City Rd., South Mel- 
 bourne, Vic. I.R. 353. 
 
 359 Machinery 
 
 Manufacturer seeks numerical control units 
 for machinery and tools. E.M.I. Ltd., 301 
 Castlereagh St., Sydney. WTD 10/16/63. I.R. 
 86-B. 
 
 360 Electrical Machinery, 
 Equipment, Supplies 
 
 Desires to import and distribute specially 
 lines of electrical equipment (except instru- 
 ments) from U.S. W. G. Watson & Co. Pty. 
 Ltd., 279 Clarence St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 
 187. 
 
 361 Electric Transmission, 
 Distribution Equipment 
 
 Wants agency for industrial switch gear, 
 load center equipment; will consider license; 
 also switching electrical distribution equip- 
 ment, plug in ducts. Stanger & Co. Ltd., 194 
 Miller St., West Preston, Vic. I.R. 394. 
 
 362 Electrical Industrial Apparatus 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 lines of electric motors. James Munday & 
 Co., Lord St., Botany, N.S.W. WTD 2/24/64. 
 I.R. 87. 
 
 Manufacturer would like to import line of 
 ultrasonic cleaners. Associated Controls P/L, 
 18 Hill St., Campsie N.S.W. WTD 3/11/64. 
 I.R. 32. 
 
 Wants agencies from U.S. manufacturers 
 of equipment for radio frequency sealing of 
 plastics and electronic registration of print- 
 ing. National Television Engineering Pty. Ltd., 
 144 Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 375-A. 
 
 Wants to represent U.S. manufacturers of 
 electrical recording instruments, electronic 
 meters. Brown & Dureau Ltd., Cnr. Kavanagh/ 
 Ireland St., South Melbourne, Vic. WTD 6/ 
 30/63. I.R. 379-A. 
 
 Wish to act as sole Australian agents for 
 U.S. manufacturers of specialized electrical, 
 other engineering equipment. Alan H. & G. 
 Reid, 347 Darebin Rd., Thornbury, Vic. I.R. 
 387. 
 
 Wants to represent U.S. manufacturers of 
 small portable electric generator units. D. R. 
 Johnston & Co. Pty. Ltd., Suite 14, Stanhill, 
 33 Queens Rd., Melbourne, Vic. WTD 10/4/ 
 63. I.R. 336. 
 
 366 Communication Equipment 
 
 Manufacturer of traffic lights and signs and 
 traffic safety control equipment interested in 
 acquiring agencies and/or manufacturing un- 
 der license traffic signals, control safety equip- 
 ment. De Neefe Signs Pty. Ltd., 229 Lennox 
 St., Richmond, Vic. I.R. 388. 
 
 367 Electric Components, 
 Accessories 
 
 Manufacturer desires to expand lines of elec- 
 trical wiring devices: knobs, markers, terminal 
 blocks, strips, stripping devices. Aircraft Prod- 
 ucts P/L, 37 Carnarvon St., Auburn. N.S.W. 
 NCIA. I.R. 26. 
 
 Automotive electronics: transistorized ig- 
 nition systems, light dimmers, garage door 
 openers. National Television Engineering Pty. 
 Ltd., 144 Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 375-A. 
 
 371 Motor Vehicles, Motor 
 Vehicle Equipment 
 
 Manufacturer desires to import brake parts, 
 electrical parts, universal joint parts, lamps. 
 Is interested in agency offers. J. H. Gardener 
 Pty. Ltd., 83 Regent St., Redfern, N.S.W. 
 I.R. 155.* 
 
 Company manufacturing equipment for mo- 
 bile transport vehicles desires agency for tan- 
 dem drive equipment to round out existing 
 lines. Westcott Hazell & Co. Ltd., 102 McEvoy 
 St., Alexandria, N.S.W. WTD 9/5/60. I.R. 
 207.* 
 
 381 Engineering, Laboratory, 
 
 Scientific, Research Instruments 
 
 Wholesaler desires to expand line of sci- 
 entific and laboratory apparatus; seeks gas 
 chomatograph, balances, rotary vacuum 
 pumps. Laboratory Supply & Chemical Co., 48 
 Sydenham Rd., Marrickville, N.S.W. WTD 7/ 
 19/63. I.R. 122. 
 
 Manufacturer wants X-ray diffraction and 
 absorption apparatus. Drug Houses of Aus- 
 tralia Ltd., 73 Parramatta Rd., Camperdown, 
 N.S.W. WTD 12/7/62. I.R. 159. 
 
 Firm desires instrumentation for nuclear 
 installations and work involving isotopes. 
 Long Industrial Equipment Pty. Ltd., 4 Foster 
 St., Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 3/21/63. I.R. 137. 
 Manufacturer seeks to add to lines of scien- 
 tific instruments. Andrew Thorn Ltd., 261 
 Broadway, Sydney. I.R. 25. 
 
 Manufacturer interested in equipment, 
 special pumps, manipulators, protective lenses, 
 used in atomic energy installation. Messrs. 
 Swift & Co., 149 Milton St., Ashfield, N.S.W 
 WTD 2/15/63. I.R. 114.* 
 
 Manufacturer wishes agencies for PH, vis- 
 cosity, recording flow meters. Duff & Mcin- 
 tosh Pty. Ltd., 69 Chandos St., Crows Nest, 
 Sydney. WTD 6/10/63. I.R. 11. 
 
 Wants educational demonstration classroom 
 equipment. H. Rowe & Co. Pty. Ltd., 7 Flinders 
 Court, Melbourne, Vic. WTD 10/22/63. I.R. 
 371-A. 
 
 Importers of instruments and controls want 
 distributorships in general laboratory electrical 
 measurement equipment, servo instrumenta- 
 tion, computers, data processing equipment, nu- 
 cleonic instruments, industrial process control, 
 transducers, physical measuring instruments. 
 Ronald J. T. Payne Pty. Ltd., 385 Bridge Rd., 
 Richmond, Vic. WTD 4/19/63. I.R. 240. 
 
 Wants to purchase ultrasonic cleaners. Ed- 
 win Wood Ptv. Ltd., 555 Collins Street, Mel- 
 bourne, Vic. WTD 7/11/63. I.R. 389. 
 
 Wants equipment in non-destructive testing 
 field for metals. Rockley Engineering Co., 642 
 
 30 
 
Harris St. ? Ultimo, N.S.W. I.R. 198. 
 
 Wants clean benches, Whitfield type, elec- 
 tronic particle counter for measuring air pollu- 
 tion, for use in newly constructed "clean labs." 
 National Instruments Pty. Ltd., Melbourne Air- 
 port, Essendon, Vic. WTD 9/20/63. I.R. 357. 
 
 Wishes to act as agent for U.S. manufac- 
 turers of data logging equipment and periph- 
 eral equipment such as plotters, short wave, 
 high frequency telecommunications equipment, 
 smoke density equipment for air pollution con- 
 trol, clean work benches, Whitfield type, super- 
 heating equipment: spray nozzles, associated 
 control equipment. Pantechna Pty. Ltd., 8-12 
 Eastern Rd., South Melbourne, Vic. WTD 4/ 
 4/62. I.R. 271. 
 
 382 Instruments for Measuring, 
 Controlling, Indicating 
 Physical Characteristics 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 measuring tools. James Munday & Co., Lord 
 St., Botany, N.S.W. WTD 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 Firm seeks agencies for instrumentation in- 
 cluding recorders, controllers. William Mc- 
 Naught & Co., P.O. Box 45, Arncliffe, N.S.W. 
 I.R. 168. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks to import or manufac- 
 ture under license new lines of electrical in- 
 struments, meters. Master Instruments Pty. 
 Ltd., Sloane & Saywell St., Marrickville, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 98.* 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agencies and distribu- 
 torships for new lines of X-ray equipment, 
 heat control equipment, hospital equipment, 
 scientific testing and analysis equipment, con- 
 trols, recorders and indicators for industrial 
 applications. Watson Victor Pty. Ltd., 9 Bligh 
 St., Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 115. 
 
 Importer seeks measuring instruments, mi- 
 crometer, super mikes, air gauges. William 
 Adams & Co. Ltd., 175 Clarence St., Sydney, 
 N.S.W. I.R. 139.* 
 
 Firm desires to import on own account auto- 
 matic controls for heating cooling, pressure, 
 temperature, humidity and flow; indicating 
 and recording instruments; engineering com- 
 ponents; refrigeration, air. conditioning con- 
 trols, components, accessories. Industrial Con- 
 trols P/L, P.O. 94, Petersham, N.S.W. I.R. 
 89. 
 
 Wants metering equipment for oil tanker 
 delivery units. Specialized Equipment Supply 
 Co., Suite 18, 428 St. Kilda Rd., Melbourne, 
 Vic. I.R. 332. 
 
 Wants agencies from U.S. manufacturers of 
 general electronic units, instruments controls. 
 National Television Engineering Pty. Ltd., 144 
 Bouverie St., Carlton, Vic. I.R. 375-A. 
 
 Interested in obtaining representation for in- 
 strument and control companies with the idea 
 of developing sales and eventually manufactur- 
 ing in Australia for S.E. Asian market. E.A.I. 
 Electronic Associates Pty. Ltd., 34 Queens Rd., 
 Melbourne, Vic. NCIA. I.R. 233. 
 
 Wants to represent U.S. manufacturers of 
 printing counter with 5 digits. D.R. Johnston 
 & Co. Pty. Ltd., Suite 14, Stanhiit, 33 Queens 
 Rd., Melbourne. Vic. WTD 10/4/64. I.R. 336. 
 
 Wants^ agencies for controls, associated parts 
 for refrigeration units, integrated circuitry 
 such as micro-miniature electronics, range of 
 digital instruments such as voltmeters. Elec- 
 tronic Industries Imports Pty. Ltd., 622 Nichol- 
 son St., North Fitzroy, Vic. WTD 9/6/63. I.R. 
 370. 
 
 Wants diaphragm control valve. Automatic 
 Accessories, 218 Belmore Rd., Balwyn, Vic. 
 I.R. 338. 
 
 384 Surgical, Medical, Dental 
 Instruments 
 
 Manufacturer desires electromedical equip- 
 ment; heart investigation equipment, pacers, 
 cardiographs. Phillips Stanford, 136 Chalmer 
 St., Sydney, N.S.W. NCIA. I.R. 48. 
 
 Retailer interested in general industrial 
 safety equipment such as goggles, rainwear, 
 gloves, respirators, hoods, boots, shoes, weld- 
 ing helmets, headshields. Armour Trading Co., 
 297 Canterbury Rd., Revesby, N.S.W. WTD 
 3/9/64. I.R. 95. 
 
 Manufacturer-distributor seeks surgical-an- 
 atomical models, teaching aids for labora- 
 tory and classroom demonstration units. Drug 
 Houses of Australia Ltd., 73 Parramatta Rd., 
 Camperdown, N.S.W. WTD 12/7/62. I.R. 159. 
 
 Wants line of safety spectacles: welding 
 glasses; face shields. Industrial Protective Co., 
 178 Ferrars St., South Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 
 385. 
 
 Wants jig grinders, gas chromatograph. 
 Rockley Engineering Co., 642 Harris St., Ul- 
 timo, N.S.W. I.R. 198. 
 
 Desires agencies for orthopedic, surgical 
 products. Orthopedic Appliances, 230 Collins 
 St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 395-A. 
 
 Small new company marketing imported 
 safety equipment desires additional lines of 
 safety equipment. Reliance Safety Equipment 
 Pty. Ltd., 720 Nicholson St., North Fitzroy, 
 Vic. I.R. 331. 
 
 391 Jewelry, Silverware, Plated 
 Ware 
 
 Manufacturer would like to import small 
 coffee makers, tea services, novelties in food 
 serving, copper stampings, nickel silver stamp- 
 ings to be finished in Australia. Hacker's Silver 
 Plate Mfg. Co. Pty., Ltd., 180 Commonwealth 
 St., Sydney. I.R. 4. 
 
 Manufacturer seeks novelty give-away items. 
 Hacker's Silver Plate Mfg. Co. Pty., Ltd., 180 
 Commonwealth St., Sydney. I.R. 4. 
 
 Wholesaler seeks agency for scissors, cutting 
 equipment, sewing threads, dacron filter cloth 
 for wheat and powder, shower and bathing 
 caps, synthetic and blended knitting yarns, 
 plastic playing cards, trimmings and laces for 
 dresses. Anchor Importing Co., 28 Martin 
 Place, Sydney, N.S.W. I.R. 50. 
 
 394 Toys, Amusements, Sporting 
 Goods 
 
 Wants sporting goods line other than guns 
 and ammo. F. W. Green & Co. Pty. Ltd., 100 
 Queen St., Melbourne, Vic. WTD 7/31/62. 
 I.R. 292-A. 
 
 Large importer-distributor of sporting goods 
 interested in acquiring agencies for U.S. made 
 sporting goods, all types. R. Wallace Mitchell 
 Pty. Ltd., 30 Abbotsford St., North Melbourne, 
 Vic. WTD 7/11/63. I.R. 356. 
 
 399 Manufacturing Industries 
 
 Distributor of industrial equipment seeks 
 equipment and materials for building industry. 
 James Munday & Co., Lord St., Botany, N.S.W. 
 WTD 2/24/64. I.R. 87. 
 
 Reading machines, teaching aids, visual dis- 
 play equipment classroom, administration 
 equipment. Industrial Protective Co., 178 Fer- 
 rars Street, South Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 385. 
 
 739 Business Services 
 
 Large firm seeks to obtain local civil en- 
 gineering contract in association with U.S. 
 firms. Will co-operate with II. S. engineering 
 
 firms in preparing bids for local construction 
 and engineering projects. Has good local con- 
 tacts that can be helpful. Roche Bros. Pty. 
 Ltd. 22 Dynon Rd., South Kensington, Vic. 
 I.R. 268. 
 
 Leads for 
 Importers 
 
 201 Meat Products 
 
 Food processor wishes to sell edible and in- 
 edible dehydrated meat extract. V. G. Bourne 
 & Co., 151 Elizabeth St., Sydney, N.S.W. WTD 
 7/10/62. I.R. 62.* 
 
 314 Footwear 
 
 Manufacturer of orthopedic footwear — only 
 producer in Australia — desires to sell shoes in 
 U.S., seeking agent on East Coast. Rampling 
 & Hall Pty. Ltd., 376 Hoddle St., Clifton Hill, 
 Vic. WTD 6/24/47. I.R. 274. 
 
 315 Leather Gloves 
 
 Manufacturer of industrial gloves seeks agent 
 or will supply direct to user. Garfield Glove 
 Pty. Ltd., 208 Pitt St., Merrylands, N.S.W. 
 I.R. 21. 
 
 329 Abrasive, Asbestos, and 
 Miscellaneous Nonmetallic 
 Mineral Products 
 
 500 tons monazite. Dreyfus & Co. Ltd., 533 
 Collins St., Melbourne, Vic. I.R. 320. 
 
 342 Cutlery, Hand Tools, General 
 Hardware 
 
 Exporter seeks regional distributors for East 
 Coast and Midwest areas for saws for cutting 
 holes in all machinable materials. Norita 
 (Australia) Pty., Ltd., 212 New South Head 
 Rd., Edgecliff NSW. I.R. 60.* 
 
 Interested agents in U.S. who can sell lo- 
 cally made diamond tools. Mindrill Ltd., 64-74 
 Bell St., Preston, Vic WTD 9/10/62. I.R. 251. 
 
 352 Farm Machinery 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agent for sheep spraying 
 equipment. Email Ltd., Joynton Ave., Waterloo, 
 Sydney. WTD 1/17/64. I.R. 8.* 
 
 353 Construction Machinery 
 
 Concrete extrusion machine to lay curb, gut- 
 ters. Kerbmaker Ltd-., Moorabool St., Geelong, 
 Vic. I.R. 235.* 
 
 Earth boring and hydraulic equipment. Pro- 
 line Sales Interstate Ltd., 41 Boomerang Rd., 
 Croydon Park, S.A. I.R. 284> 
 
 356 General Industrial 
 Machinery 
 
 Wants distributor in U.S. for piston pumps 
 for crop spraying — simple design, low cost, low 
 maintenance. Mr. W. S. Lowe & John P. 
 Young & Associates, 2 Glen St., Hawthorn, Vic. 
 I.R. 372. 
 
 Manufacturer wants distributor for agricul- 
 
 31 
 
tural and industrial hand grease equipment. 
 McNaught Overseas Ptv. Ltd., Henderson St., 
 Turrella, N.S.W. I.R. 38.* 
 
 367 Electric Components 
 
 Manufacturer seeks agents for controls for 
 automatic washers. Goven Control Co., 29 Mari- 
 gold St., Revesby, N.S.W. WTD 3/6/64. I.R. 
 9.* 
 
 381 Engineering, Laboratory, 
 
 Scientific, Research Instruments 
 
 Firm desires representatives for nuclear level 
 gauges and nuclear deep therapy cobalt units. 
 Long Industrial Equipment, Ptv. Ltd., 4 Foster 
 St., Sydney. WTD 3/21/63. I.R. 137. 
 
 394 Toys, Amusement, Sporting 
 Goods 
 
 Manufacturer wishes to appoint distributor 
 
 for specialized stuffed toys made of kangaroo 
 skin and furs. Morella Pty. Ltd., 342 Princes 
 Highway, St. Peters, N.S.W. WTD 2/20/61. 
 I.R. 135.* 
 
 391 Jewelry, Silverware, Plated 
 Ware 
 
 Manufacturer seeks to export silver plated 
 
 tea and coffee services. Hacker's Silver Plate 
 Mfg. Co., Pty. Ltd.. 180 Commonwealth St., 
 Sydney. I.R. 4. 
 
 739 Business Services 
 
 Property consultant and real estate agent 
 offer services to firms seeking to lease real 
 estate and office space. Jones, Lang, Wotton & 
 Sons, 2 O'Connell St.. Sydney. WTD 2/7/64. 
 I.R. 150.* 
 
 Investment Opportunities 
 
 New booklet on GATT 
 
 A booklet on "GATT, Gen- 
 eral Agreement on Tariffs and 
 Trade" has just been published 
 by the Bureau of International 
 Commerce, U.S.' Department of 
 Commerce. It is a reprint of an 
 article published in INTERNA- 
 TIONAL COMMERCE, Decem- 
 ber 2nd, 1963, with additional 
 tables and charts. It is for sale 
 by the Superintendent of Pub- 
 lic Documents, Washington, 
 D. C, 20402, for 25 cents. 
 
 Five Australian manufacturers are in- 
 terested in having U.S. firms make their 
 products under license for the U.S. mar- 
 kets. Other down under manufacturers 
 are seeking licenses and joint ventures to 
 make American goods in the food, tex- 
 tile, industrial machinery, electrical 
 equipment and other industries. 
 
 Licenses offered 
 
 Additional information, where avail- 
 able, and the name and address of the 
 following firms offering licenses to U.S. 
 manufacturers may be obtained from 
 the Bureau of International Commerce, 
 Office of International Investment, De- 
 partment of Commerce, Washington, 
 D. C, 20230, by referring to the appro- 
 priate file number following each oppor- 
 tunity described below. 
 
 License offered for U.S. production of 
 multi-purpose machine tool designed to re- 
 place normal lathes, turning, shaping, and 
 copying; drilling machines; cutting and saw- 
 ing machines, precision grinding machines, 
 cylindrical, surface, internal, external, taper. 
 It is automatic in its operation, as well as 
 being most simple to set up. The licensor 
 claims that unskilled labor can quickly be 
 trained to operate the machine. This multi- 
 machine tool is reported to cost below that 
 of any precision grinding machine of a 
 24" x 12" size and able to equal in output 
 and accuracy machines priced at five times 
 its anticipated market price. File 1231. 
 
 U.S. licensees sought to produce a hot 
 water system control valve that is a single 
 unit incorporating three functions — pressure 
 reducing, pressure relief, vacuum relief. It 
 is constructed so that the main diaphragm 
 and the vacuum relief diaphragm can be 
 changed without altering or interferring 
 with the pressure setting. The vacuum re- 
 lief valve is diaphragm operated, which is 
 another one of many advantages of this 
 valve according to its manufacture. Three 
 U.S. patents have been issued. File 1232. 
 
 License offered for U.S. manufacture of a 
 insulator to attach to buildings for electrical 
 service entrance. Invention uses principal 
 
 of the cable turned or wrapped IVi times 
 over insulator grooved and lock device. Has 
 sold over 100,000 in Australia in last two 
 years. File 1233. 
 
 Manufacturer is interested in licensing a 
 I*.S. firm to produce its rotary piston pump 
 for irrigation purposes. Pump has a slow 
 speed with high capacity. File 1234. 
 
 A leveling device covered by a U.S. patent 
 is offered for manufacture in this country 
 under license. The firm reports that this is 
 an amazing instrument operating on an 
 entirely different principal from anything 
 else in common use. It virtually eliminates 
 all bugbears, and inconveniences of level- 
 ing such as errors and inaccuracies, com- 
 plicated setting, inadequacy in dull light, the 
 need for skilled operators, high purchase 
 costs, expensive repairs. File 1235. 
 
 License, joint venture sought 
 
 162 Construction 
 
 Contracting civil engineering firm seeks 
 joint venture with U.S. firm to obtain know- 
 how for construction projects in New Zea- 
 land. Fitzpatrick Industries, 12 Kitchener 
 Parade, Bankstown. 
 
 203 Fruit canning 
 
 Packer of fresh fruit seeks license or 
 joint venture to establish fruit canning busi- 
 ness. Goffrey Thompson Growers Co-Op, 
 Ltd., 40 Queen St., Melbourne, Victoria. 
 
 Food products manufacturer wants license 
 or joint venture to start orange juice process- 
 ing. General Foods Corp., King St., Oak- 
 leigh, Victoria. 
 
 207 Chocolate candies 
 
 Seeks U.S. chocolate firm to enter into 
 joint venture and to match capital invest- 
 ment of $30,000 to $40,000. Continental 
 Confectionery & Wafer Co.. 13 Param PL, 
 Glen Iris, Victoria. 
 
 209 Instant coffee 
 
 Joint venture sought to provide techni- 
 cal know-how to establish complete instant 
 coffee plant. Davenport & Heine Bros, of 
 Australia, Pty., Ltd., 473 Bourke St.. Mel- 
 bourne, Victoria. 
 
 222 Synthetic textiles 
 
 License or joint venture wanted for pro- 
 duction of synthetic textiles for ladies' dress 
 fabrics. Brown & Dureau, Ltd., Cnr. Kava- 
 nagh/Ireland Sts., S. Melbourne, Victoria. 
 
 225 Men's hosiery 
 
 Men's hosiery manufacturer seeks U.S. 
 capital to expand business on a joint ven- 
 ture basis. Fitwear, Ltd., 1056 Lygon St., N. 
 Carlton, Victoria. 
 
 227 Scatter rugs 
 
 Wholesaler of floor coverings interested 
 in joint venture or licensing arrangements 
 for the production of acorlan, nylon, 100% 
 cotton scatter rugs. E. R. Charman & Co., 
 Pty., Ltd., 567 Spencer St., Melbourne. Vic- 
 toria. 
 
 232 Underwear 
 
 Manufacturer seeks license to make 
 woven, textiled underwear in the popular 
 price range. Lilliput Manufacturing Co., 
 579 Mt. Alexander Rd., Moonee Ponds, 
 Victoria. 
 
 251 Office furniture 
 
 Furniture equipment manufacturer seeks 
 license to produce office desks, chairs. Func- 
 tional Products, 233-247 Princes Highway, 
 St. Peters, N.S.W. 
 
 285 Paints 
 
 Manufacturer of paints seeks license or 
 joint venture for production of specialty 
 paints, other surface-treating products. In- 
 ternational Majorca Paints, Pty., Ltd., Phil- 
 lip St., Concord, Sydney. 
 
 307 Plastics 
 
 Manufacture of hardware, plastic prod- 
 ucts seeks license to make specialty plastic 
 housewares. R. J. Rew and Co., 118 Wake- 
 field St., Wellington. 
 
 Laminater seeks license from U.S. pro- 
 ducer of embossing foil, fusing laminating 
 system for consumer products. Korbund In- 
 dustries, Pty., Ltd., Lorraine St., Peakhurst. 
 
 Manufacturer of industrial gloves wants 
 to produce PVC gloves under license. Gar- 
 
 32 
 
field Glove, Pty., Ltd., 208 Pitt St., Merry- 
 lands. 
 
 Manufacturer of plastic products seeks 
 license to make specialty products for com- 
 mercial and industrial markets. Moulded 
 Products, Ltd., Nepean Highway, Mentone, 
 Victoria. 
 
 342 Aluminum ladders 
 
 Aluminum ladder manufacturer seeks li- 
 cense to make line of U.S. aluminum lad- 
 ders. Harper Davidson Industries, Ltd., An- 
 tione St., Rydalmere, N.S.W. 
 
 343 Hot air furnace 
 
 Industrial fan equipment manufacturer 
 seeks license to make oil burner hot air 
 furnaces. D. Richardson & Sons, 21 White- 
 hall St., Footscray, Victoria. 
 
 344 Structural steel products 
 
 Manufacturer of construction equipment, 
 such as cranes, interested in joint venture 
 to produce structural steel equipment. A. & 
 A. Constructions, Pty., Ltd., 24-32 Belmore 
 Rd., Punchbowl. 
 
 Fabricator of heavy steel engineering 
 equipment seeks license to manufacture 
 large engineering equipment for industrial 
 and public works applications. Bernard- 
 Smith & Co., 15 Maddox St., Alexandria. 
 
 346 Kitchen utensils 
 
 Sheetmetal and hardware manufacturer 
 wants license to produce kitchen utensils, 
 housewares. Fowlers Vacola Mfg. Co., Ltd., 
 257 Durwood Rd., Hawthorn, Victoria. 
 
 349 Refrigeration containers 
 
 Manufacturer of containers for refrigera- 
 tion interested in joint venture or licensing 
 arrangements to produce U.S. refrigerating 
 containers for use in the transportation in- 
 dustry. Uniflow Air Conditioning Co., 10 
 Ricketty St., Mascot. 
 
 352 Cotton spraying equipment 
 
 Agricultural spraying equipment producer 
 seeks license to make cotton spraying equip- 
 ment. C. E. Purvis & Co., 10 Radcliffe St., 
 S. Kensington, Victoria. 
 
 353 Construction equipment 
 
 Manufacturer of overhead, under-ground 
 conveyor equipment for use in mines, seeks 
 license to make specialty conveyor equip- 
 ment. Elrington Engineering Co., Lake Rd., 
 Kearsley 3N., N.S.W. 
 
 Building products manufacturer wants li- 
 cense- to make new types of construction 
 equipment, particularly large specialty equip- 
 ment. G. K. N. Lysaght, 410 Mitchell Rd., 
 Alexandria. 
 
 355 Shot-blasting equipment 
 
 Machine tools manufacturer seeks license 
 to produce shot-blasting equipment. Modern 
 Tools, Pty., Ltd., 414 Botany Rd., Alexan- 
 dria. 
 
 356 General industrial equipment 
 
 Ball and roller bearings manufacturer 
 seek license to produce non-precision bear- 
 ings. Anthony Bearings, Pty., Ltd., 172 
 Perry St., Fairfield, Victoria. 
 
 Company specializing in air-conditioning 
 equipment and duct hardware seeks license 
 to produce air difusion, associated equip- 
 
 ment. I & M Suppliers, Pty., Ltd., 772 
 Hawthorn Rd., E. Brighton, Victoria. 
 
 Manufacturer of variable speed drives 
 seeks joint venture partner to provide capi- 
 tal to expand facilities. Singer Manufactur- 
 ing, 156 Waverley Rd., E. Malvern, Vic- 
 toria. 
 
 358 Service industry machines 
 
 Vending machine manufacturer seeks li- 
 cense to produce U.S. designed machines. 
 Continental Instrument Co., Pty., Ltd., 308 
 Bay Rd., Cheltenham, Victoria. 
 
 License sought for the manufacture of 
 fluidized bed freezers, dehydrators. Hamil- 
 ton Moore & Associates, 2 Queens Rd., 
 Melbourne, Victoria. 
 
 Manufacturer of various electrical ma- 
 chinery, equipment seeks license to make 
 post mix soft drink dispenser. Ainsworth 
 Consolidated Industries, 108 Dunning Ave., 
 Roseberry, N.S.W. 
 
 361 Electrical components 
 
 Manufacturer of electrical parts seeks li- 
 cense to make small switches, T.V. tuners, 
 relays, thermostats, similar items. Ring- 
 Grip Australasia, Pty., Ltd., 40-68 Mollison 
 St., Abbotsford, Victoria. 
 
 362 Controls 
 
 Manufacturer of valves, electronic con- 
 trols seeks license to produce line of U.S. 
 electronic valves, controls. Chatleff Sales 
 P/L, 2 Norfolk Rd., Greenacre. 
 
 Television manufacturer wants license to 
 produce industrial controls, instruments, spe- 
 cial valves. E. M. I., (Aust), Ltd., 301 Castle- 
 reagh St., Sydney, N.S.W. 
 
 363 Household appliances 
 
 Radio, TV, appliance manufacturer seeks 
 license to make small U.S. appliances such 
 as toasters, hair dryers, ironers. Pye Indus- 
 tries, Ltd., (Pye Ltd.-U.K.), Carrington Rd., 
 Marrickville, N.S.W. 
 
 364 Lighting fixtures 
 
 License wanted to make U.S. designed 
 commercial, industrial lighting fixtures. F.W. 
 Green & Co., Pty., Ltd., 100 Queen St., 
 Melbourne, Victoria. 
 
 365 Tape recorders 
 
 Small appliance manufacturer seeks li- 
 cense to make tape recorders. Hanimex 
 Pty., Ltd., Old Pittwater Rd., Brookvale, 
 
 N.S.W. 
 
 366 Communication equipment 
 
 Manufacturer of electronic instruments 
 wants joint venture for production of com- 
 munication signal generators, transceivers 
 for aircraft. Jacoby, Mitchell & Co., Pty., 
 Ltd., 469-475 Kent St., Sydney. 
 
 367 Electronic components 
 
 Electronic components manufacturer wants 
 license to make sophisticated controls, con- 
 nectors, terminals, antennae. Belling & Lee, 
 (Aust.), Pty., Ltd., Cnr. Canterbury & 
 Colchester Rds., Kilsyth, Victoria. 
 
 371 Automotive electrical equipment 
 
 Electrical equipment manufacturer inter- 
 ested in being licensed to make small auto- 
 motive electrical equipment. National Tele- 
 
 vision Engineering, Pty., Ltd., 144 Bouverie 
 St., Carlton, Victoria. 
 
 382 Water meters 
 
 License sought to make water meters for 
 homes by manufacturer of switchgear, dis- 
 tribution systems, time switches. H. Rowe 
 & Co., Pty., Ltd., 7 Flinders Ct., Mel- 
 bourne. 
 
 384 Orthopedic appliances 
 
 Orthopedic appliances manufacturer seeks 
 joint venture to make U.S. designed appli- 
 ances. Orthopedic Appliances, 230 Collins 
 St., Melbourne, Victoria. 
 
 Varied products 
 
 Manufacturer of automotive parts seeks 
 license for production of geared speed re- 
 ducers, gear wrench for removing nuts from 
 trucks. Newvale Engineering Co., Pty., Ltd., 
 Clarke St., Crow's Nest. 
 
 Licensing arrangement sought for the 
 manufacture of anything allied to paint 
 trade such as glues, abrasives, paint brushes, 
 rollers, water proofing materials. B. G. 
 Plummer & Co., Pty., Ltd., 74-78 Brandling 
 St., Alexandria. 
 
 License sought for the manufacture of 
 warm air furnaces, hot water boilers, space 
 heaters, refrigeration equipment for trans- 
 portation industry, environmental test cham- 
 bers. Dane Air Conditioning, Pty., Ltd., 210 
 Silverwater Rd., Lidcombe, N.S.W. 
 
 Bowling equipment manufacturer seeks 
 license or joint venture for the production 
 of building materials, electronic equipment, 
 business machines, small computers, small 
 farm vehicles, off-highway vehicles. Black- 
 lock Industries, P.O. box 77, Lane Cove, 
 N.S.W. 
 
 1965 AID programs 
 
 The Agency for International 
 Development has released detailed 
 information on proposed AID pro- 
 grams on a regional and country 
 basis. 
 
 Copies, priced at 70 cents, can 
 be purchased from the Superin- 
 tendent of Documents, Government 
 Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 
 
 The information comes from a 
 summary presentation of this year's 
 request for $3.4 billion in new ap- 
 propriations to conduct economic 
 and military assistance programs 
 during fiscal year 1965. 
 
 This is the first unclassified pres- 
 entation to provide detailed infor- 
 mation about proposed AID pro- 
 grams on a regional and country 
 basis. About three-fourths of the 
 210-page volume is devoted to 
 regional and country-by-country 
 accounts of development projects 
 and of AID activities and proposed 
 programs. 
 
 33 
 
the semi-annual 
 
 Checklist 
 
 Publication for International Traders 
 
 This checklist is issued semi-annually— in July and Jan- 
 uary—by the Bureau of International Commerce. A single 
 copy will be mailed without charge upon request. Use 
 the coupon below. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS DIVISION, BIC 
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 WASHINGTON, DC, 20230 
 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 Please put my name on your mailing list to receive the 
 Checklist of International Business Publications when it is 
 issued. 
 
 Typing must be confined to length indicated according to style of typewriters used. 
 
 Siart Elite Pica Exec. 
 I \ f f 
 
 Firm 
 
 Person's name 
 
 Street address 
 
 City, zone and state 
 
: | C HpniirtmAnt r»f PAtnmprnp— > 
 
 Field Office 
 
 ' U. O* JL/CLIilJ. HII 
 
 ALBUQUERQUE, N. MEX., 87101 
 
 DENVER, COLORADO, 80202 
 
 X 1C1U V/ A. 1. .1 V/ C/ 9 
 
 NEW YORK, NEW YORK, 10001 
 
 U. S. Courthouse 
 
 1 42 New Custom House 
 
 61st Fl. Empire State Building 
 
 
 19th & Stout Street 
 
 350 Fifth Avenue 
 
 ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, 99501 
 
 
 
 
 DETROIT, MICHIGAN, 48226 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA., 19107 
 
 Room 306 
 
 
 
 Loussac-Sogn Building 
 
 445 Federal Building 
 
 Jefferson Building 
 1015 Chestnut Street 
 
 ATLANTA, CEORCIA, 30303 
 
 CREENSBORO, N. C, 27402 
 
 
 
 Room 407 U.S. Post Office Building 
 
 PHOENIX, ARIZONA, 85025 
 
 4th Fl., Home Savings Bldg. 
 
 
 
 75 Forsyth Street, NW. 
 
 
 New Federal Building 
 
 
 HARTFORD, CONN., 06103 
 
 230 N. 1st Avenue 
 
 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, 35203 
 
 1 8 Asylum Street 
 
 PITTSBURGH, PA., 15222 
 
 Title Building 
 
 HONOLULU, HAWAII, 96813 
 
 
 2030 Third Avenue 
 
 
 1030 Park Building 
 
 
 202 International Savings Building 
 
 355 Fifth Avenue 
 
 
 1022 Bethel Street 
 
 
 BOSTON, MASS., 021 10 
 
 
 PORTLAND, OREGON, 97204 
 
 Room 230 
 
 HOUSTON, TEXAS, 77002 
 
 
 80 Federal Street 
 
 5102 Federal Building 
 5 1 5 Rusk Avenue 
 
 217 Old U.S. Courthouse 
 520 SW. Morrison Street 
 
 BUFFALO, NEW YORK, 14203 
 
 
 RENO, NEVADA, 89502 
 
 504 Federal Building 
 
 JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 32202 
 
 1479 Wells Avenue 
 
 1 17 Ellicott Street 
 
 512 Greenleaf Building 
 204 Laura Street 
 
 
 CHARLESTON, S. C, 29401 
 
 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, 23240 
 
 No. 4 North Atlantic Wharf 
 
 KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, 64106 
 
 2105 Federal Building 
 
 CHARLESTON, W. Va., 25301 
 
 Room 2011, 911 Walnut Street 
 
 400 North 8th Street 
 
 3002 New Federal Office Building 
 
 
 
 500 Quarrier Street 
 
 LOS ANGELES, CALIF., 90015 
 
 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, 63103 
 
 CHEYENNE, WYOMING, 82001 
 
 Room 450 Western Pacific Building 
 
 251 1 Federal Building 
 
 
 1031 S. Broadway 
 
 1 520 Market Street 
 
 207 Majestic Building 
 
 
 
 16th & Capitol Avenue 
 
 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, 38103 
 
 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 84111 
 
 
 345 Federal Office Building 
 
 3235 Federal Building 
 
 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, 60606 
 
 167 N. Main Street 
 
 125 South State Street 
 
 Room 1 302 
 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF., 94102 
 
 226 West Jackson Boulevard 
 
 MIAMI, FLORIDA, 33132 
 
 Federal Building 
 
 
 408 Ainsley Building 
 
 450 Golden Gate Avenue 
 
 CINCINNATI. OHIO, 45202 
 
 14 NE. First Avenue 
 
 
 8028 Federal Office Building 
 
 
 SANTURCE, PUERTO RICO, 00907 
 
 MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, 53203 
 
 
 550 Main Street 
 
 1201 Straus Bldg., 
 
 238 West Wisconsin Avenue 
 
 605 Condado Avenue 
 
 CLEVELAND, OHIO, 44101 
 
 
 SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, 31402 
 
 4th Floor 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., 55401 
 
 235 U.S. Courthouse and 
 
 Federal Reserve Bank Building 
 
 Room 304 Federal Building 
 
 Post Office Building 
 
 E. 6th St. & Superior Avenue 
 
 1 1 South Fourth Street 
 
 125-29 Bull Street 
 
 DALLAS, TEXAS, 75202 
 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA., 70130 
 
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, 98104 
 
 Room 1200 
 
 1508 Masonic Temple Building 
 
 809 Federal Office Building 
 
 1114 Commerce Street 
 
 333 St. Charles Avenue 
 
 909 First Avenue 
 
need to know about- 
 
 \ 
 
 Overseas Business Reports give timely, authentic 
 information on these topics— and many others. The De- 
 partment of Commerce publishes approximately 150 of 
 them each year. Many of the nation's export leaders sub- 
 scribe to this valuable business service. 
 
 JOIN THEM! SUBSCRIBE NOW! 
 
 Subscription Form 
 
 Please enter my subscription to Overseas Business Reports 
 D Annual subscription, $18.00 
 
 NAME_ 
 
 ADDR£SS. 
 CITY 
 
 .STATE. 
 
 . ZIP CODE_ 
 
 Mail to Sales Promotion Staff, Office of Publications, U.S. Depart- 
 ment of Commerce, Washington, DC. 20230. Enclose check or money 
 order payable to the Superintendent of Documents 
 
U.S. TRADE MISSIONS PROGRAM 
 
PE TifJi A .!!,". N jy.^?. i Ty L|B RARiEs 
 
 A00DD7lEflfl. ' 
 
 
 Get on the right track! 
 
 Sales opportunities by the hundreds are reported each week in the news magazine, 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE. Business by the trainload— the results of completed 
 foreign sales negotiations — moves through our ports each week to customers abroad. 
 Are your shipments among them? 
 
 SUBSCRIBE NOW TO 
 
 INTERNATIONAL 
 
 COMMERCE 
 
 Subscription Form 
 
 Please enter my subscription to Internationa/ Commerce. 
 
 Q Annual subscription, $16.00 
 
 D Via domestic airmail, $25.00 additional 
 
 G Foreign mailing, $5 additional 
 
 NAME 
 
 ADDRESS 
 CITY 
 
 STATE 
 
 Mail to Sales Promotion Staff, Office of Publications, U.S. Depart- 
 ment of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 20230. Enclose check or money 
 order payable to the Superintendent of Documents.