a 5S. rTo d ■' /- ^^^ OVERVIEW OF CONFERENCES WITH NON-FEDERAL USERS ON U.S. OPERATIONAL LAND REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE PROGRAM Prepared for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite Service Washington, D.C. Prepared by METRICS, INC. 290 Interstate North Atlanta, Georgia 30339 April 24, 1980 ABSTRACT This report presents the discussions held at a series of NOAA conferences held in March, 1980, on the U.S. operational land remote sensing sateUite program. The purpose of this report is two- fold. First, it provides those people not able to attend the conferences with essentially the same information that was discussed with conference attendees by NOAA and NASA personnel. Second, and more importantly, it contains a summary of the outputs of the fifteen user working groups at the conferences that provided information on their needs for the operational land remote sensing satellite program. The five conferences were held in: Seattle, Washington March 14 Chicago, Illinois March 17 Tallahassee, Florida March 21 Washington, D.C. March 25 Albuquerque, New Mexico March 28 In each city a similar format was followed. The morning sessions were devoted to presentations by NOAA and NASA concerning the land remote sensing satellite program. The afternoon sessions were designed to provide a forum for land satellite data users to provide inputs to NOAA's planning process for the transition plan to be sent to 0MB on June 1 , 1980, and for the operational satelhte system to be launched in the late 1980's. The scope of the report is the decision process leading up to Presidential Directive NSC/54, the operational role that NOAA/NESS has had with regard to weather satelUtes, and the history of NASA's Landsat program. Further, this report explains NOAA's new role as the management agency for all operational civil remote sensing satelhte programs and the planning process which will enable NOAA to take responsibility for the operational land remote sensing satellite program later in this decade. The results from the working groups indicate that NOAA's perception of user needs was generally correct; that spatial resolution requirements are grouped into three categories (i.e., 10, 30- 40, and 80 meters) and that the current MSS and TM bands satisfy most spectral requirements in the visible and solar infrared regions of the spectrum. Additionally, the groups recommended that: • The private sector have some formal input to NOAA's planning process; • Technology transfer and training activities should continue ; • Data should be archived as long as possible; and • A quick-look capability is essential for an operational system. The five user conferences and this report on their results are, in effect, the beginning round in a long series of interactions between NOAA and land sateUite data users. While exact mechanisms for continuing this interaction have yet to be determined, establishing user interfaces is a top priority item with NOAA. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT Page A. INTRODUCTION 1 1. Purpose, Scope, and Objectives of Conferences 1 2. Overview of Report 1 B. BACKGROUND 3 1. Implementing the Presidential Decision 3 2. NOAA/NESS - Previous and New Roles 4 3. NOAA's Planning Process 6 4. NASA's Continuing Role 8 C CONFERENCE OVERVIEW 1 1 1. Conference Objectives 11 2. Structure of the Conferences 11 3. Participation Overview 12 D. NOAA'S PERCEPTION OF USER'S NEEDS 25 1. Introduction 25 2. Data Base Creation and Update 25 3. Summary 33 E. SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP SESSIONS 35 1 . Organization of Working Groups 35 2. Topical Group Meetings 35 3. Results of the Working Group Sessions 37 4. Summary 40 F. OVERALL BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CONFERENCES 41 G. NOAA'S FUTURE PLANS FOR USER INTERACTION 43 APPENDIX A. CURRENT STATUS OF LANDS AT A-1 APPENDIX B. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS B-1 APPENDIX C. LAND REMOTE SENSING NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE C-1 lU Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/overviewofconferOOmetr A. INTRODUCTION 1. PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND OBJECTIVES OF CONFERENCES The Presidential decision to go forward with the development of an operational land remote sensing satellite program was announced in November, 1919. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NCAA), in the Department of Commerce, was designated to manage the program service for users of land remote sensing satellite data necessitates that NCAA understand fully the needs of the user community, and particularly those of non-federal users. It is also necessary for these non-federal users and NCAA to have a mechanism for continuing exchanges that will ensure that the operational system is as responsive to user needs as technology and available resources will allow. The Presidential Directive specifically states that "the eventual operation by the private sector of our civil land remote sensing activities" is a national goal. Very difficult questions have to be faced and resolved, both by the private sector and the government, before the possible ways of reaching this goal can be settled upon. NCAA is just beginning to explore these possibilities. The issues are complex and it will take time to untangle them. NCAA's initial contacts with representa- tive U.S. companies have resulted in the assurance that industry is willing to work with them to unwrap each layer of the problem until core conclusions are revealed. The ultimate configuration of the operational system will depend on how the private sector involvement effort develops. Although this has the effect of making it difficult to determine how user demands will be met by the operational system, it is also true that the system will be designed to meet those demands to which users attach the greatest importance and which technology and resources make it possible to achieve. Five on-day conferences were held to inform non-federal users of the program planning under- way within NCAA and to acquaint them with NCAA and NESS. The purpose of these conferences was to gather more information about the requirements of non-federal users and to establish mecha- nisms for continuing exchanges between these users and NCAA. The scope of the conferences included state and local governments, corporate end users, value added services companies, research and aca- demic interests, and individual users and interpretation practitioners. Federal user requirements are being assembled separately and thus were not a major topic of discussion at these conferences. NOAA will use the information obtained at the conferences to complete the requirements based upon which the transition planning and operational system evaluation processes will rest. Conceptual system designs can neither be undertaken nor evaluated without complete requirements information. The size of the private investment in the operational system cannot be estimated until this information is available. The impacts of policy decisions cannot be foreseen fully without it. A complete and well-described set of system requirements will be the keystone of NCAA's planning structure. 2. OVERVIEW OF REPORT The next chapter of this report presents background information on NCAA's implementation of the Presidential Directive, NCAA/NESS's previous and new roles, NCAA's planning process from today's Landsat system to the future operational system, and NASA's continuing role. Chapter 3 presents a conference overview, including the structure of the programs and an overview of the participation. The fourth chapter provides information on NCAA's perception of users' needs followed by a summary of the working group sessions in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 and 7 deal respectively with the overall benefits derived from the conferences and NCAA's future plans for user interaction. The current status of Landsat is presented in Appendix A. Appendix B provides a list of names and addresses of conference participants. Appendix C contains a copy of the user requirements questionnaire that conference attendees were requested to complete. B. BACKGROUND 1. IMPLEMENTING THE PRESIDENTIAL DECISION Early in his administration, President Carter directed a comprehensive review of the nation's space pohcy. This review resulted in the May, 1978, issuance of Presidential Directive/NSC-37 which established the broad national policy framework within which future U.S. space activities were to be conducted. It also established the Policy Review Committee on Space as the specific executive mechanism for considering national space policy changes and for the quick handUng of critical space issues. The President directed that this newly-formed committee provide him with an assessment of the nation's future needs for civil space programs. Based on that assessment. Presidential Directive/ NSC-42 was issued in October, 1978, mandating the active consideration of greater private sector involvement in remote sensing activities and the review of possible future organizational arrange- ments among agencies involved in land remote sensing. In his March, 1979, Science and Technology Message, the President announced the Administration's commitment to the continuity of land remote sensing satellite data, as well as to new initiatives in this area. These commitments were confirmed by the President in November, 1979, with the issuance of Presidential Directive/NSC-54, which mandated development of an operational land remote sensing satellite. Management responsibihty for the civil operational land remote sensing satellite program was assigned to the National Environ- mental Satellite Service (NESS) within the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NO A A). In designating NO A A as the lead management agency for land satellite programs, the President acknowledged NOAA's prior experience in successfully operat- ing and managing three generations of weather satellites. In addition, assignment of this responsi- bihty to NOAA integrates all civil operational satellite activities in a single agency. NOAA will con- tinue its current satellite responsibilities in both the areas of oceans and atmosphere. One of NOAA's primary tasks is to develop a time-phased transition plan, in coordination with other appropriate agencies, for moving to a fully integrated satellite-based, land remote sensing pro- gram. This transition plan is to be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget by June 1 , 1980, and will provide the framework within which the details of the interim and the final opera- tional systems will be developed. The plan must cover the following subjects: • The organization and implementation of a Program Board, chaired by Commerce and designed to provide continuing and effective federal coordination for satellite land remote sensing system activities; • The design and implementation of a NOAA organizational structure that will ensure proper management of the program and appropriate development and enforcement of regulatory guidelines for the system's operation; • The development of system financing options and recommendations that include data and product pricing policies which recognize the user's responsi- bility for sharing costs ; a stated goal is the eventual operation of the system by private sector investors, functioning under federal authority; • The technical design of the system, which will evolve from consideration of the requirements that the system must satisfy, the size of the investment that can be made, and the level of technology that can be incorporated into the : , ■ system; • The development of private and international user participation to distribute system benefits more broadly and to spread costs over a wider base of users; • The identification of existing resources that are connected with the Landsat activity and which should be transferred before the advent of the operational system ; included here is the need to determine the future organizational home and functions of the EROS Data Center; and • The identification and recommendation of such executive orders and legislation that are considered to be needed by Commerce and NO A A to carry out this mission. The plan, after its approval, will provide the framework for developing detailed plans and design for the interim operational system (based on Landsat technology), a fully operational system, moving toward the goal of private sector operation, and system management and financing. An approved transition plan is essential, both to provide a context for resolving program issues and as an outline for undertaking technical development of the system. Very long lead times are involved. Even with adequate funding, beginning in fiscal year 1981, a fully operational system cannot be implemented before about 1988. To draft the transition plan, a NO A A task force was staffed by technical and policy people from various parts of NOAA, NASA, and the Departments of Interior, Agriculture, and State. They have consulted with other federal agencies and contacted national organizations, state and local governments, and several private sector groups to try and determine what the users' needs are. The Program Board called for in the requirements for the transition plan will not be established until the plan is fully approved by the government. In the meantime, an Interim Policy Group (IPG) was established to provide NOAA with policy guidance and poUcy level representation and coordi- nation with the key federal departments. The IPG is expected to validate the federal sector user requirements collected by the task force. Thus, users from the federal sector already have paths available to them for making their data and service requirements known. Through some existing associations, state and local government agencies have at least the beginnings of the mechanisms needed for making their requirements known. The Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel (ISETAP), the National Governors' Association, the National Council of State Legislatures, the Council of State Governments, and other national and regional associa- tions provide state and local governments with some data requirement input paths. However, the needs of the private sector users are not understood as well as they need to be. In order for NOAA to fully understand the needs of the non-federal user community, a mechanism for continuing exchange between NOAA and the users was needed. For this purpose, a series of five conferences were held to acquaint the users with NOAA and NESS, to inform them of the pro- gram planning underway, to provide them with an opportunity to submit their known requirements for land remote sensing data, and to establish a viable mechanism by which NOAA could communi- cate with the users as plans develop and as user requirements evolve. Through this process, the NOAA operational land remote sensing sateUite system of the late 1980's will be designed and operated to be as responsive to user requirements as technology and available resources will allow. 2. NOAA/NESS- PREVIOUS AND NEW ROLES NOAA was estabUshed in the Department of Commerce by Presidential reorganization in 1970. In the words of that plan, NOAA's creation was intended to recognize that "the oceans and the atmosphere are interacting parts of the total environmental system upon which we depend not only for the quality of our lives, but for life itself." The Reorganization Plan directed NOAA to employ a unified approach that would lead to an increased knowledge of the oceans and atmosphere and which would allow them to expand opportunities in these areas. The Plan also directed NOAA to undertake a similar approach with respect to programs involving the solid earth. NOAA became the manager of the agencies now known as the National Weather Service, the National Environmental Satellite Service, the Environmental Research Laboratories, and the Environmental Data and Information Service. The National Ocean Survey, which had its primary origin in the old Coast and Geodetic Survey, is also part of NOAA. Since 1970, NOAA has been assigned new responsibiUties under a variety of legislative enactments deaUng with marine and coastal protection, fisheries and climate. The National Environmental Satellite Service (NESS), in which will reside NOAA's interests in the management of land remote sensing satellite programs, goes back much further than 1970. In 1959, a branch was set up in the U.S. Weather Bureau called the Meteorological Satelhte Activities Branch. Now known as NESS, it has grown from three to 600 people and has gradually increased its activities in space. The first meteorological satellite, called TIROS-1 , was launched on April 1 , 1960. By today's standards, the pictures which it returned were rather crude; but, at that time, it allowed people to see for the first time what models and research had predicted the weather to look like. From that time on, meteorological satellites have been in space, returning data for use in weather observations. In the mid-60's, that system became operational, meaning that the data are provided routinely and on a timely basis. Today NESS operates two environmental satellite systems. The TIROS system has two satel- lites in complementary polar orbits and provides global data all day long. The TIROS, now called NOAA, program provides digital data and is used for monitoring clouds and weather as well as sea surface temperature and ice conditions. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system has a slightly different purpose. The polar (i.e., NOAA) satellites cross a given area of the earth about once every six hours. However, the GOES geostationary satellites are able to obtain imagery about once every half hour, and even more if needed, and are therefore used to track severe weather. Two satellites of the GOES series have been operating in space since the program started in 1974. NESS's involvement in oceanic activities will increase with the currently proposed National Oceanic Satelhte System (NOSS). NOSS is a five-year operational demonstration program which will be conducted jointly by NOAA, NASA, and the Department of Defense (DOD) through the Navy. NASA will share the responsibility for developing the space segment. DOD and NOAA will share the responsibility for funding the follow-on spacecraft as well as developing the ground system and operating the system once it is deployed. The NOSS program is expected to provide data on sea state, low level ocean winds, currents, turbidity, temperature, ocean chlorophyll, sea ice, and pollution. In assigning to NOAA the management responsibility for all civil operational remote sensing satellite activities, the Presidential Directive recognized NOAA's experience and success in managing operational satellite programs. NOA/NESS distributes the data and products from the operational meteorological systems from within a few minutes to a few hours of data acquisition. In addition to NOAA's real time activities, all of the data are recorded and turned over to the Environmental Data and Information Service (EDIS) where it is archived for retrospective users. EDIS also analyzes the data for certain information needs that they have and responds to customer requests to make copies of these data available to other users. NESS is a data provider rather than a data user. As a service agency, its primary concern is the delivery of products that have been specified by authorized users. Although NESS is responsible for developing system improvements and for looking for ways to increase the benefits of applica- tions, it does not have a true R&D role. The approach that NOAA and NESS follow is to base the operational satellite system on the space technology that has been developed and proven by NASA. The validated requirements of the users are matched against this proven technology to obtain the most responsive system possible. This approach has allowed new operational space and ground , configurations to be implemented at minimum risk and with little disappointment. The new land remote sensing task presents challenges to NOAA that are somewhat different from those encountered in the past. The user community is very diverse in its interests and require- ments. Therefore, it is more difficult to aggregate and analyze the requirements and to ensure that the operational service is as responsive to the users as possible. There also exists among the users a great continuum of data timeliness requirements. Thus, there is a need to help the diverse user community to understand the long lead times from agreement on system requirements to full imple- mentation of a system based on these requirements. That lead time to an operational system is optimistically about eight years. Another aspect of an operational system is the stability of system design that is required for both data reliabiUty and cost considerations. NOAA's experience with operational satelHte systems has lead to the conclusion that validated requirements should be the basis of system design and that the system should be built around proven space technology. Digging out the requirements, organiz- ing them, and using them as a measuring stick are not easy or simple tasks. Confining the system design to proven elements when confronted with the conventional wisdom about imminent tech- nological breakthroughs takes a special kind of restraint. This approach has worked well for NOAA in the past, however, and it is the approach which will be followed in the land program. Organizationally, NOAA must provide the means for dealing with the new and complex tasks associated with the land satelUte activity. The multi-agency task team that is putting the transition plan together is a temporary arrangement. The Administrator of NOAA has recommended that NESS become a NOAA main line component, with the director of NESS being appointed as a NOAA Assistant Administrator. This action, plus some staffing and organizational adjustments, will provide the functional mechanisms to allow NOAA and NESS to handle the land system's development with appropriate priority. 3. NOAA'S PLANNING PROCESS Fundamental to outlining the path of the future NOAA operational system is a definition of "operational system." First, the system must be stable over time. It should make changes in the spacecraft and ground system hardware and process only when there is good need to do so and when the users have had time to be involved in the process of deciding when to make those changes and how to do them in some logical way. Users will only invest in the hardware/software proce- dures to extract information and hence use the data when they feel confident that the flow of data is rehable. This reUability depends on an adequate number of spacecraft in orbit, the ground system capacity and rehability to meet the stated goals, and some capability to provide limited services when the main functions of the spacecraft begin to fail. Next, the system must not be stagnant. New capabilities will be developed through the NASA R&D and other programs. New applications will be developed and better, more economical ground processing techniques will come on line. However, it is essential for all users to be able to be involved in this change process. Most important, the users must perceive that the system is designed and functions to meet their needs. It is critical that the system be designed to meet user requirements, that it operate according to announced specifications, and that it be scoped so as to balance bene- fits against the costs. In the coming years there will be three overlapping periods. The first period has already started and includes the operations of Landsats 3, D, and D', ground processing of data from these satellites, and advanced planning for the operational system. The second period depends on follow- on spacecraft, D" or D'", an improved but interim ground system, and focused planning systems development for the operational system. The third period will depend on spacecraft with the new design, will introduce a custom design operational data processing and delivery system, and will include studies leading to improved system performance and ultimately to the next generation of operational satellites. It is important to note that these three periods are not sequential, but overlap. The first version of the operational system probably will not come on line until 1988. Even then, the full range of products and services that the users want may not be available due to tech- nical and financial reasons. NOAA, working with NASA, Interior and other agencies, will start moving towards these goals as soon as possible. NOAA is aware, as all of the users must be, that there are and always will be risks of a break in the continuity of data. This will always be the situation when such continuity depends on com- plex and highly technical space systems. There can be no 100% guarantee that the data will con- tinue to flow all the time. In the early part of the transition period, between now and the time Landsat D is launched or becomes functional, data collection can be interrupted if there is an early failure of Landsat 3, if the launch of D is delayed by problems with the development of the sensors, if modifications must be made to the launch vehicle, or if there are delays in the availability of the TDRSS system. In a practical sense, those risks are too close for NOAA or NASA to really be able to do anything about them with new programmatic actions. NASA and NOAA will do everything possible to avoid them, but they must be recognized as risks. Likewise, there are risks for interruption in processing data from Landsats 3, D, and D', but these risks are more amendable to avoidance. NOAA is working with NASA and DOI to identify system weak points, to improve the rehabiUty and throughput, and to upgrade the R&D ground system to have the characteristics of an interim operational system, which is possible but expensive. There is no guarantee that the required funds will be available. In the period after D and D', but before the operational system comes on line, the outlook may be somewhat brighter. Landsat D" and D'" could be built and operated and there is a greater possibility for upgrading the interim ground system. These solutions to the continuity problem are also expensive and some of the long leadtime parts should be ordered soon. Here again the budget situation in Fiscal '81 and '82 is very uncertain. NOAA is aware of the problems and will do everything possible within the available resources to overcome those problems. The process that NOAA is following to define the need for the operational system, to resolve the many complex issues that are involved, and to bring the operational system into being, starts with a better understanding of user needs. The mainstream of this process is simple enough— to identify the user requirements of federal agencies, state and local governments, commercial end users, the academic community, foreign governments and foreign commercial users. Then, NOAA will evaluate existing and projected technological capabilities for spacecraft in particular to meet these needs, postulate one or more end to end data systems to meet various levels of requirements, compare the rough order of magnitude costs for each of these systems, and attempt to test each of these systems with the responsiveness to the broadest user community. NOAA will then negotiate with the private sector on management and financing of the system, and hopefully initiate the operational services later in this decade. Unfortunately, as with most simple solutions to complex problems, there are many intercon- nected issues that will have to be resolved, some before the June 1 transition plan is delivered to the 0MB, and some for which the best NOAA can do is identify a mechanism for resolving the issues. Interwoven issues relating to system financing, private investment, and data pricing policies will be very hard to unravel. Private investment will depend on the prospects of profitability, which, in turn, depends on government funding decisions and the type of data pricing policy that is finally approved. If prices are high, users will decHne. NOAA is tasked to establish user participation and to seek ways to have users share system costs. While it appears possible to charge end users a price for data that reflects the economic value of the information contained, it is national policy that there be consistent charges. Questions arise such as how is the charge to be calculated? How are the value of the data to the pubhc goods and services supplied by the federal agencies and state and local governments included in this calculation? How is the value to the commercial end user estimated? Is it more feasible to estabhsh a single unit price for the data based on the cost to build and operate the system, with or without a general federal subsidy, and to provide special financial support to state and local governments? Private sector investment in and eventual operation of the system is a goal. However, NOAA must assure that national needs are met by the system. Furthermore, the government must provide a mechanism which protects the proprietary interests of the private sector while, at the same time, maintaining direct readout capability at foreign ground stations. The government must encourage the development of complementary land remote sensing satellite systems on an operational basis, but protect against unwarranted transfer of U.S. technology. Foreign users of the U.S. system will be expected to pay the same price for data as domestic users. All of these and other issues form a closed loop in which adjustments to one necessitate adjust- ments to all others. NOAA is addressing many of these issues in the transition plan, taking into account the user requirements presented at the five workshops. NOAA will process the requirement inputs and provide the information to a systems concept group. The systems concept group will massage these data, along with their perceptions of technical feasibility and economic viability, and propose alternative systems that meet the users' stated requirements. Two iteration loops will then be operating. First, NOAA will continue to interface with the users as they refine and update their data needs, and second, NOAA will be continuously feeding this new information to the systems concept group who, in turn, will be refining their system designs. The whole technical process is exceedingly complex but NOAA expects to get a well defined operational system that can be presented to data users for their comments. Simultaneously, the operational system concept will be presented to industry to determine their willingness to develop or invest in this system or a modification thereof. Throughout the entire planning process, NOAA needs a mechanism to keep non-federal end users informed and involved. Several options are being considered, such as additional workshops/conferences, newsletters, presentations at professional meetings, and other similar techniques. NOAA also needs a formal mechanism for continually getting users' statements on requirements as they evolve and for providing a mechanism for non- federal users to have a voice in system design and the resolution of policy issues. Suggestions on such mechanisms were sohcited at the workshops in order to assist NOAA in its planning process from today's Landsat to a future operational system. 4. NASA'S CONTINUING ROLE NASA's role in research and development will not change with NOAA's management of the civil operational land remote sensing satellite program. NASA will continue to develop new remote sensing techniques and will continue to experiment with and develop new processing concepts. They will also experiment with techniques for the extraction of information from remote sensing data. In the realm of scientific applications, NASA wants to expand the scientific data base for both the renewable and non-renewable resource areas and develop the relationship between observations and what is actually occurring on the ground. In addition to the in-house research, NASA works very closely with research efforts conducted by the Departments of Agriculture, Interior, and Commerce, and any other government agencies with similar interests. NASA also wants to have a continued and broadened relationship with research projects in industry and academia. In the development of new technology, NASA will continue to achieve the best kind of tech- nology for sensing the geodynamic and geological variables for better applications to the problems which occur in those areas. They also want to address the issues of better sensing for exploration of minerals and energy materials, and an assessment of what is occurring in the earth, in both its gravity and electromagnetic field and in the actual dynamic movement around its axis and around the sun. Regarding ground data processing concepts, NASA will work with NOAA to continue to try to improve them by preserving the accuracies of the data, by maintaining some kind of flexibility in processing the data rather than being locked into one mode, and by reducing the cost and increasing the throughput capability of the systems. NASA wants to continue to improve the capability to reconstruct, compare, resample, and register all of the data and try to work out the most efficient way to extract real, usable information from the data. NASA has a 20-year pattern of excellent cooperation with NOAA in the weather satellite field and hopes to continue that pattern. They hope and understand that NOAA will be able to help them better understand what the customer requirements are. This doesn't mean that 100% of their contacts with the customers will all be through NOAA, but the primary contact will be through the NOAA. NASA will continue with the relationships it now has with the user community except where a better working relationship with NOAA and the customer can be developed. NASA acts as a prime contractor for NOAA for developing new systems which NOAA funds, and NASA would probably continue that relationship for the land remote sensing system. The joint NASA/user projects currently underway are not planned to be cut back or ehminated in any way. but they will undergo a phased change in order to get the best benefit for both the government and for the private sector. For example, NASA regional remote sensing application programs are involved with making people aware of what is available, training the people to take advantage of it, demonstrating some of the applications, and providing some technical assistance. This kind of relationship would best come from NASA leading the user by the hand, through a NASA/NOAA customer-type relationship of some sort yet to be defined, until finally the user is independent of the government agencies and able to make the best use of all the data that is being piped down. NASA hopes to be able to show that this plan is economically beneficial and techni- cally workable. The ultimate goal is complete independence of the user. 10 C. CONFERENCE OVERVIEW 1. CONFERENCE OBJECTIVES The Presidential decision to go forward with the development of an operational land remote sensing satellite program was announced in November, 1979. The National Oceanic and Atmo- spheric Administration (NOAA), in the Department of Commerce, was designated to manage the program. NOAA, through its National Environmental Satellite Service (NESS), has been conducting the nation's civilian operational meteorological satellite program since 1966. Developing an operational service for users of land remote sensing satelUte systems calls for NOAA to understand fully the needs of the user community, and particularly of non-federal users. It also makes it necessary for these non-federal users and NOAA, together, to establish and continue a dialogue that will ensure that the operational system is as responsive to user needs as technology and available resources will allow. NOAA is required to produce a time-phased transition plan for these land remote sensing activities and to submit it to the Office of Management and Budget by June 1 , 1980. The plan is to cover: Establishment of a program board for continuing federal coordination; Organization for management and regulation; System financing including pricing policies for the users sharing of costs; Technical programs; Estabhshment of private and international participation; Identification of facilities, hardware, and personnel that should be transferred; and Identification of actions such as executive orders and legislation required. To gather information necessary for the preparation of the final transition plan, NOAA spon- sored five conferences focused primarily on the needs of present and potential non-federal users of land remote sensing satellite data. (Federal user requirements are being assembled separately and were not a major topic of discussion at these conferences.) State and local governments, corporate end-users, value added service companies, research and academic interests, and individual users and interpretation practitioners were asked to express their needs at these meetings. A full understand- ing of these needs will assist NOAA in specifying the future operational system. These conferences will also assist NOAA in developing future pricing poHcies for land remote sensing satellite data. Data pricing policies are of concern to all present and future users. Prices for the data and products from NASA's experimental Landsat system have been very low, covering only the direct costs of processing requests and of making reproductions. It is expected that this mini- mum pricing approach will not be maintained when the operational program begins in the late 1980's, particularly if the President's commitment to the eventual private sector operation of the fully operational system becomes a reality. The final transition plan will address this issue and propose data pricing options. 2. STRUCTURE OF THE CONFERENCES The five user conferences were held in March, 1980, at the following locations: Seattle, Washington March 14 Chicago, lUinois March 1 7 Tallahassee, Florida March 21 Washington, D.C. March 25 Albuquerque, New Mexico March 28 11 Each conference followed a similar format in that the morning sessions were devoted to presentations by NOAA and NASA, outlining the material presented in the previous sections of this report, and the after sessions were concerned primarily with obtaining feedback from the users on their needs for land remote sensing data. The agenda for a typical meeting is shown below: Agenda Morning • Welcoming Address • Implementing Presidential Decisions • NOAA/NESS - its Previous and New Roles • Landsat Program Status • Planning — from Today's Landsat to the Future Operational System • NASA's Continuing Role Afternoon • Current Understanding of Non-federal Requirements • Topical Group Meetings — to Gather Requirements • Review of Findings • Closing Discussions As seen in the agenda, the primary focus of the afternoon sessions was the Topical Group meetings. At each conference, three such groups were formed. These groups addressed issues related to: • Non-renewable Resources, • Renewable Resources, and • Planning/Environmental Management. At the conclusion of the Wi hour working group meetings, each session leader was asked to present a 15-20 minute summary of the topics addressed and the conclusions reached by his group. In addition to the user inputs provided at the conferences, questionnaires were given to each attendee to be returned after the conferences. These questionnaires requested more detailed infor- mation about user requirements than could be obtained at the meetings. The results obtained from the questionnaires, in addition to the information from the conferences, will be used to formulate the transition plan and to design the operational system. A sample questionnaire is shown in Appendix C. 3. PARTICIPATION OVERVIEW Five, one-day, informational conferences were conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Environmental Satellite Service (NOAA/NESS) during March, 1980. A total of 550 individuals attended the conferences with: 17.2% in Seattle, Washington (March 14, 1980) 9.5% in Chicago, Illinois (March 17, 1980) 9.0% in Tallahassee, Florida (March 21, 1980) 48.8% in Washington, D.C. (March 25, 1980) 15.5% in Albuquerque, New Mexico (March 28, 1980) The types of organizations/businesses represented at the conferences included: 17.1% from academic institutions 38.9% from private industry or non-profit organizations 11.6% from local and state governments 28.9% from Federal government agencies . 3.5% from foreign governments The following pages present detailed hstings of these organizations and businesses. 12 Following are the Academic Institutions (Colleges and Universities) represented at the NOAA/NESS conferences. Alabama A & M University Butler University Cahfomia State College — Bakersfield California State College — Dominquez Hills Cahfornia State Polytechnic University California State University — Chico California State University — Hayward Central Washington University Clemson University Florida State University George Washington University Georgia Southwestern College Georgia Tech Hunter College Louisiana State University Michigan State University Mississippi State University New Mexico State University Northwestern Michigan College Ohio State University Oregon State University Prairie View A & M University Purdue University Southern Illinois University Tacoma Community College University of Alaska University of Albuquerque University of Arizona University of CaUfomia — Berkeley University of California — Riverside University of Chicago University of Florida University of Georgia University of Kansas University of Maryland University of Massachusetts University of Michigan University of Minnesota University of Nebraska University of New Mexico University of Puget Sound University of South Carohna University of Southern CaUfornia University of Tennessee 13 University of Texas — Pemian Basin University of Vermont University of Washington University of Wisconsin Washington State University Western Washington University 14 Following are the private industry and non-profit organizations represented at the NOAA/ NESS conferences. AMAF Industries AMOCO ARCO AVCO Research Labs American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics American Petroleum Institute American Society of Photogrammetry Ampex Corporation Aquitaine Mining Corporation Atmospheric Environmental Service Audio- Visual Institute Automated Sciences Group, Inc. The BDM Corporation Battelle Northwest Laboratories Bausch & Lomb Bechtold Satellite Technology Corporation Boeing Boise Cascade Computer Contractors Corporation Computer Sciences Corporation Computer Sciences Technicolor Associates (CSTA) Comsat General Cotton, Inc. Council of State Planning Agencies Daedalus Enterprises Dames & Moore D'Appolonia A.W. Douglas & Associates EG&G ERIM (Environmental Research Institute of Michigan) ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting & Technology) EXXON Earth resources Observatory, Inc. Earth Satellite Corporation Eastman Kodak Executive Resource Associates, Inc. Exotech, Inc. Falcon R&D First Computer Corporation Florida Power & Light Fugro Northwest General Electric Geosat Committee Geospectra Corporation Gold Kist, Inc. 15 Goodyear Aerospace Corporation Greenhorne & O'Mara Gulf Canada Resources, Inc. Harzo Engineering Company Honeywell Hughes Aircraft ITEK ITT International Mapping Unlimited Jones associates, Inc. Peter Kiewit Sons Company Lincoln Engineering Lipman, Inc. Arthur D. Little, Inc. Lockheed M & S Computing MFA, Inc. McDonald, Dettwiler & Associates Majower Associates Martel Labs METRICS, Inc. Mississippi R&D Center Mitre Corporation NAC, Inc. National Geographic Magazine The Nature Conservancy Nautilus Press, Inc. New Mexico Research Institute, Inc. OAO Corporation Occidental Oil Shale, Inc. Ocean Data Systems Operations Research Institute Pacific Science Center PhiUips Petroleum Company Phoenix Associates Potlatch Corporation PubUc Technology, Inc. RCA Ranchers Exploration & Development Corporation Ritland Associates SRI International Sandia National Labs Sangamo Weston Sante Fe Railroad SatelUte Week Robert E. Schillings & Associates Science News Scientific Atlanta 16 Sea Technology Sea Use Council Shell Oil Company C.S. Smyth, Inc. Spectrac Data STAR, Inc. St. Regis Paper Company Sunmark Exploration Company Systematics General Corporation Systems & Applied Sciences Corporation Systems Development Corporation Technicolor Graphics Service, Inc. TeLFree Texas Instruments, Inc. Texas Natural Resources Information System Topographic Sciences Corporation Trembly Associates Turner, Collie, Braden, Inc. Union Oil of California WCTV-TV Whidbey Island Navy Flying Club World Bank 17 Following are the local and state government agencies represented at the NOAA/NESS conferences. Alaska- South Central Remote Sensing Project Delaware— Department of Natural Resources Florida- Division of Forestry Department of Transportation Aerial Mapping & Remote Sensing Bureau of Land & Water Management Office of the Governor Swanee Water Management District Georgia- Department of Natural Resources Southwest Georgia Areawide Planning Development Commission Idaho— Division of Management & Budget Division of Economic Resources & Community Affairs Illinois- Division of Forestry State Water Survey Southwest lUinois Metro. & Regional Planning Commission Chicago Aerial Survey Iowa- Iowa Geological Survey Maryland- Frederick County Planning Commission Baltimore Regional Planning Council Massachusetts- State Legislature Michigan- State Legislature Minnesota- Geological Survey 18 Nebraska— •■ ..■.: ■,-. .. Missouri River Basin Commission Nevada- Division of Water Planning Bureau of Mines & Geology New Mexico- State Engineering Office Natural Resources Department Oregon- Forestry Department Pennsylvania- Department of Environmental Resources South Carolina- Land Resources Conservation Commission Division of Research & Statistical Services South Dakota- State Planning Bureau Virginia- Department of Agriculture Piedmont Planning District Commission Washington- Department of Natural Resources Department of Transportation State Planning & Community Affairs Agency Department of Game King County Planning Commission King County Building & Land Development King County Community Development Spokane County Planning Department Tacoma City Planning Quinault Indian Nation National Conference of State Legislatures 19 The following agencies within the Federal government were represented at the NOAA/NESS conferences. NOAA- Office of the Deputy Administrator Office of the Associate Administrator Office of the General Counsel NESS National Ocean Survey Cartographic Branch Horizontal Branch Vertical Branch National Weather Service Technology & Commercial Development National Geodetic Information Center Office of Systems Engineering Office of Operations Sohd Earth Geophysics Division Environmental Data & Information Service System Planning Group NASA- Goddard Space Flight Center Kennedy Space Center Headquarters National Space Technology Lab Goddard Institute for Space Studies International Affairs Ames Research Center Jet Propulsion Lab Technology AppHcations Center Department of the Interior- Bureau of Land Management U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service Fish & Wildhfe Service EROS Data Center Department of Energy- Office of Energy Research Bonneville Power Administration Department of Agriculture- Soil Conservation Service Forest Service Federal Crop Insurance Administration 20 Department of State— INR/RGE Agency for International Development Central Intelligence Agency Department of Defense- Army Corps of Engineers Defense Mapping Agency Defense Mapping School General Services Administration- National Archives U.S. Congress— U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives General Accounting Office Smithsonian Institution- National Zoo Office of Management and Budget National Science Foundation 21 The following representatives from foreign governments attended the NOAA/NESS conferences. Australian Embassy - Assistant Counselor Defense Science BraziUan Embassy Canadian Center for Remote Sensing Geological Survey of Canada Czechoslovak Embassy — Head of Scientific Section European Space Agency French Embassy — Scientific Attache French Scientific Mission Indian Meteorological Department Embassy of India — First Secretary Space Taiwan — Civilian Ministry United Nations 22 D. NOAA'S PERCEPTION OF USERS' NEEDS 1. INTRODUCTION In preparation for the five workshops, NCAA prepared a comprehensive data base of all known user requirements for land satellite remote sensing data. These needs were derived from numerous sources including: the Integrated Remote Sensing Systems Study (IRS-^ ) for federal requirements, the Intergovernmental Science Engineering and Technology Advisory Panel (ISETAP) report. State and Local Government Perspectives on a Landsat Information System , for state and local require- ments, the Geosat Committee Report, Geological remote Sensing from Space , for some of the pri- vate sector requirements, and Resource Sensing from Space, Prospects for Developing Countries by the National Academy of Sciences for foreign requirements. Many other sources were also accessed including those in Table 1 and personal contacts with various federal agency representatives and others. Since all previous statements of users' needs have been in the context of a Landsat research and development program, a major thrust of the conferences was to get attendees to reaffirm pre- viously stated needs and/or to present additional data needs in the context of an operational land satellite program. To this end, the afternoon working groups, organized along discipline lines, were asked to respond to the needs as presently understood. This process and the results of the group meetings will be presented in the next chapter. 2. DATA BASE CREATION AND UPDATE NCAA's objectives in creating the user needs data base were to record and compile user requirements for the operational system in a consistent format that would facilitate various studies and tradeoffs. Specifically the data base was organized to : • Identify groups of end users who have common needs for particular sets of system performance characteristics; • Identify those user requirements which should drive the design of the spacecraft sensors— spectral bands, resolution (IFOV), pointability, etc.; • Identify those needs which should govern the number of operational satellites, selection of orbits, etc. ; and • Estimate the volume of data needed to meet users' requirements— this is essential for the Systems Concepts Group to design the most efficient satellite and ground systems. The estimates of the required data volumes are not intended to indicate the potential market for land satellite data products, but represent the number of unique scenes desired by various user groups so as to size the ground processing systems. These scenes may be presented on film, on computer compatible tapes or on some other distribution media not yet available. They are also useful for preliminary price sensitivity studies and analyses of system financing alternatives. Fur- thermore, these are estimates for the late 1980's and not current estimates. The contents of the data base as of March 1, 1980, were summarized in charts and presented to the working groups for their evaluation. On the basis of the responses from the working groups at the conferences and other inputs, the data base has been modified to more closely reflect the users perceptions of their needs for operational land satellite remote sensing data. The contents of the revised data base are summarized in Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5. These charts represent the contents of the data base as of April 1 , 1980, and contain all revisions made as a result of the conferences. 23 Table 1 . Studies Used to Create User Needs Data Base Geobase Information System Impacts on Space Image Formats, edited by D. S. Simonett, et al., Santa Barbara Remote Sensing Unit, University of California, Santa Barbara, April 1978, NASA Contract NASW-3 118. Program on Earth observation Data Management Systems (EODMS), Center for Development Technology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, (3 volumes) December 1976, NASA Contract NAS5-20680. Land Satellite Project , Study by the Staff of the U.S. General Accounting Office, January 31, 1976. Applications of Remote Sensing Data, Technology Applications Center, University of New Mexico, June 1974. Survey of Users of Remote Sensing Data, Battelle Columbus Laboratories, G. E. Wukelic, et al., March 1976. Integrated Use of Landsat Data for State Resources Management, Council of State Governments, Bill Schneider, 1980. Total Earth Resources System for Shuttle Era , General Electric Company, March 1975, NASA Contract AIAA/NASA Landsat Follow-on Conference, Abridged and Edited Remarks, Russel L. Schweickart, May 28, 1976. Stereo SateUite Data Product Market Assessment, Geosat Committee Stereosat Task Force, November 1978. Management of Satellite Acquired Earth Resource Data - Recommendations from the User Com - munity, Parts I and II, The Data Management Subcommittee of the Geosat Committee, Inc., November 1978 and December 1979. Preliminary Stereosat Mission Description , Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, May 1979. A Summary of the Users Perspective of Landsat D and Reference Document of Landsat Users , NASA Office of User Affairs, Office of AppUcations, January 1977. Remote Sensing Market Survey and Update, METRICS, INC., 1975 and 1976. Landsat Follow-on: A Report by the AppUcations Survey Groups , Vol. I and II, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, December 1976, Technical Memorandum, 33-803. 24 Resource Sensing From Space, Prospects for Developing Countries . National Academy of Sciences, 1977. State and Local Government Perspectives on a Landsat Information System , Prepared by the Natural Resources and Environmental Task Force of the Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel (ISETAP), June 1978. Selected Proceedings of the National Conference of State Legislatures' Legislative Workshops on State Uses of Satelhte Remote Sensing . NCSL, 1977. International Remote Sensing Activities, METRICS, INC., 1977. Geological Remote Sensing from Space, F. B. Henderson III and G. A. Swann, Editors, The Geosat Committee, Inc., May, 1976. Landsat Remote Sensing Market Forecast , METRICS, INC., 1979. 25 I- D a LU QC CC Ul w D u. 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As indicated previously, NOAA's entire planning process is interactive and, therefore, subject to modification on the basis of new, vahdated user requirements. 3. SUMMARY One of the important results of the series of user conferences has been the modification of the user requirements data base. Another benefit has been the initiation of a dialogue between NO A A and land satellite data users. The third major benefit from the conferences was the reports from the working groups, which will be described in detail in the next section. 33 34 E. SUMMARY OF WORKING GROUP SESSIONS 1. ORGANIZATION OF WORKING GROUPS During the morning sessions of the conferences, a series of NOAA and NASA speakers dis- cussed Presidential Directive/NSC-54 and the events leading up to its adoption in November, 1979. This decision directs NOAA to determine user requirements for and implement a program leading to an operational land remote sensing satellite system. NOAA is required to produce a time-phased transition plan for this program and submit it to the Office of Management and Budget by June 1 , 1980. While there have been numerous surveys of user needs in the past, these generally have been in the context of a research and development satellite program. Now that the land remote sensing satellite program is to become operational, it is necessary to reaffirm previously stated needs and to identify additional data needs in the next context. To accomplish this, a two-step process is being used. First, the afternoon session of the NOAA regional meetings consisted of an explanation of the various non-federal land remote sensing data requirements as understood from previous inputs to NASA and other agencies. After NOAA's current understanding of requirements was presented, the audience broke into three topical dis- cussion groups along the following lines: • Renewable resources— includes agriculture, forestry, general vegetation, range lands, and related applications; • Non-renewable resources— includes apphcations related to geologic structure, oil and mineral resources, geothermal areas, engineering geology, gravity, and magnetics; and • Planning/environmental management— includes applications related to land use, environmental impact, mapping, hydrologic resources, and coastal zone monitoring. A complete list of programmatic categories in each group is given in Table 6. The second part of the process for updating the understanding of user needs consists of a questionnaire which conference attendees were asked to complete after returning home from the conference. These questionnaires will allow each user or potential user to express their data needs in detail , and will facilitate the design of the operational satellite system. Appendix C contains a copy of the questionnaire and instructions for its completion. 2. TOPICAL GROUP MEETINGS In order that each group respond in a manner that the other groups could relate to, a common discussion format was desirable. This was not intended to Umit the items for discussion or the responses of the group, but to provide some structure to the examination of system requirements that are likely to be important to users. The working groups consisted of persons from all types of organizations— federal, state, and local governments, commercial concerns, and academic institutions. All persons in attendance participated in the discussions, but the outputs from the working groups represented a consensus of the views and opinions of the non-federal users. Other mechanisms were established to deter- mine the needs of federal agency users. During the scheduled hour and a half discussions, the working groups produced two outputs that were reported to the entire audience at the end of the individual sessions. These outputs, which were used in preparing inputs to the transition plan, are: 35 TABLE 6 LAND REMOTE SENSING PROGRAMMATIC CATEGORIES RENEWABLE RESOURCES Crop Inventory Crop Yield Crop Condition Crop Irrigation Agricultural Episodal Event Soil Classification Soil Erosion Soil Moisture Forest Inventory Forest Stand Evaluation Forest Condition Forest Episodal Event Range and Natural Vegetation Inventory Range Forage Condition Range Episodal Event NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES Geologic Structure Landforms Lithology Thermal Anomalies Geobotanic Anomalies Topography Gravity Fields Magnetic Fields PLANNING/ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Land Use/Cover Classification Land Use/Cover Change Environmental Impact Coastal Zone Monitoring Currents (Near Shore) Tides Bathymetry Ocean Pollution Drainage Patterns Inland Water Inventory Snow Pack Parameters Ice (Inland and Near Shore) Water Quality (Inland and Near Shore) Wetland/Estuaries Inventory Hydrologic Episodal Event Wildlife Habitat Inventory WildHfe Habitat Evaluation 36 • A statement of agreement or disagreement with the perceived user needs, and, if disagreement, suggestions on how the draft statements should be changed; and • An identification of those parameters (such as those hsted below) that are con- sidered to be most important to the operational use of land remote sensing data. Copies of the graphics presented before the topical groups convened were available to all par- ticipants. These graphics showed the general requirements as they were understood on March 1 , 1980, with separate statements for state and local governments and commercial end users. Since the value added service (information extraction) companies perform services for these and other end users, no special analysis was made for the needs of this part of the commercial community. Since the format of the graphics may not have provided a clear opportunity for the users to comment on specific system performance characteristics that are of particular importance to their applications, the working groups, within the available time, were asked to identify where possible their requirements for: • Spatial resolution (meters) • Spectral requirements (radar, ultraviolet, visible near-infrared, thermal infrared; other details re intervals, etc.) • Data delivery times (either from time of acquisition or from time of receipt of order for archived data) • The ability to task the satellite system for coverage and the prior notice required for tasking • Data pricing policy • Period of time for which data should be archived • Data continuity • The ability to satisfy federal program requirements specified by law or regulation (i.e., relating to the environment, land use, etc.) through appropriately processed land satelUte data • The role of the value added service industry in meeting the information requirements of non-federal end users • Other. During the group discussion, each group leader was assisted by a rapporteur who took notes on the discussion and assisted the leader in preparing a 1 5 minute summary of key points for pre- sentation to the entire audience. It was possible to cover only the highlights of the group discus- sions during the 15 minute presentations. Each group leader, however, was invited to write up the results of his session in the form of a discussion paper for later submission to NOAA. 3. RESULTS OF THE WORKING GROUP SESSIONS As mentioned in the last chapter, the NOAA data base has already been modified to take account of the direct reaction of the working groups to the perceived user needs as they existed in NOAA's data base prior to the conferences. The summaries of the modified data base were pre- sented in the last chapter. The results presented in this chapter are extracted primarily from the working group's examination of their specific needs for spatial resolution, spectral resolution, data pricing, etc. The results are presented in two parts. Those topics which affected all groups and for which there was some general consensus among all discipUnes are discussed first. Next, there is a discus- sion of the topics which were pertinent to each individual discipline (e.g., renewable resources, non- renewable resources, and planning/environmental management) but not necessarily germane to the other groups. 37 Themes Common to All Groups It is difficult to generalize the results of fifteen different working groups and provide a com- pletely faithful summary of all positions. Thus it must be understood at the outset that what follows is, in fact, a representative view of the majority of the working group participants. There are, however, some dissenting opinions and those too have been taken into account. In the main, however, most participants agreed that NOAA had developed a reasonably good understanding of user requirements for land satellite remote sensing data. As might be expected, the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) requirements varied from less than 10 meters to 80 meters or greater. However, three IFOV's seemed to satisfy the majority of the users: • 80 meters to maintain continuity with the present MSS system, • 30-40 meters to achieve better classification accuracies than are available at 80 meters, and • 10 meters to be available on demand for limited areas and at a higher cost to the user. There was agreement that the spectral bands provided on the MSS and TM satisfied the majority of requirements. In general, the TM band selections were thought to be an improvement over the MSS bands, but there was a substantial requirement for a continuation of the MSS bands. Other bands and sensors were requested, such as multispectral thermal and radar, but it was concluded that these sensors are best flown on separate satellites. Several additional issues seemed to catch the attention of a majority of all the working groups. One of these was the idea of a formal private sector input to NOAA's planning process. While no definite agreement was reached, professional associations and/or a separate ad hoc committee were suggested. Also there was a strong desire to see increased technology transfer and training activities in the remote sensing area. Again, no one best mechanism has been identified but regional centers, universities, private companies and professional societies were all suggested. The third item that seemed to be of interest to the most groups was archiving of data. Most groups concluded that as much data as possible should be archived for as long as possible. There was specific concern with only archiving all data with less than X% cloud cover, because the good portions of a particular scene may be just what are desired. Finally, there was an overwhelming desire on the part of most participants to have a quick look capability for the operational system. The following items were suggested by working groups in all three programmatic areas, but there was slightly less consensus on these than on the previous capabilities. First, fractional scene data and/or digital data delivered on alternative media were requested by several groups. It was suggested that such a move would reduce costs to the user as data prices increase. On the subject of data pricing, most groups concluded that price increases were acceptable provided that they were "reasonable" and that better service was provided at the higher data prices. Several groups suggested that premium prices would be acceptable for special services. Tasking, for example, was one service that was desired by several groups, and most of these indicated a willingness to pay all costs associated with particularly important data collection ser- vices. Finally, there was a call for continuity of digital data formats as a means to reduce the soft- ware development and processing costs of the users. At the very least, better communications v/ith users is necessary prior to changing the system. A generally voiced comment along these lines was: "You don't want to find out with a sudden blast one morning you can't read the tape." One final theme that was sounded repeatedly by the industrial participants in the conferences was that, in order for them to survive in this business, the government must not compete with them. No general resolution of the problem was offered but there was a consensus that whatever industry/ government bounds were estabUshed by the government, they must be clearly stated and faithfully followed. 38 Renewable Resource Themes Most of the renewable resource working groups echoed the themes mentioned above, but they also identified some issues that impact them more than some other groups. First, it was stated that far more people are concerned with renewable resources than NOAA could possibly reach directly. Therefore, it was suggested that professional organizations in the areas of forestry and agriculture as well as farmers cooperatives and the like could more effectively reach this community. The agricultural community, in particular, needs frequent access to the satellite data during certain critical periods. In fact, it was stated that any programmatic category denoted as "condition" has virtually a real-time data requirement. The general consensus seemed to be that 2-5 day repeat coverage cycles were needed during certain critical growing periods in some areas of the world. There seemed to be more concern for continuity of MSS data in this category than in any of the others. There was also some concern for this continuity in the planning/environmental manage- ment groups. It appears that 80-meter resolution is entirely adequate for most agricultural areas in most parts of the world. Finally, there was a request that simulated thematic mapper data (and any other type of sen- sor proposed for an operational system) be provided to users prior to its availabihty from space. This would allow users to experiment with it and provide definitive feedback as to its acceptability to various problems to NOAA prior to its operational availability. Non-Renewable Resource Themes With respect to spatial and spectral resolutions and frequency of coverage, these groups are almost the exact opposites of the renewable resource groups. While the 80-meter data are used because they are available, this discipUne is much more interested in global 30-40 meter data, and, on demand, 10-meter data. Furthermore, monthly to seasonal data are all that is required to pro- vide a sufficient frequency of coverage. On the other hand, the non-renewable resource groups are far more interested in additional spectral bands in the thermal infrared (with different equatorial crossing times) and in the radar portions of the spectrum. They are also adamant about the neces- sity for raw data from the satellites. By far the biggest unmet need of this discipline area is for one-band, worldwide stereoscopic data. Other groups also indicated a need for stereo, but the geologic community, in particular, considers this their top priority for both exploration purposes and for engineering geologic investi- gations, including mapping. Since the majority of the data acquired by these users is from foreign areas, they are very con- cerned about Landsat D not having a tape recorder. They reason that a failure of the TDRSS will put them at the mercy of foreign ground stations for data acquired over foreign areas. To a large extent, this is unacceptable from both a political and economic standpoint. Finally, two points were raised by these groups that were not addressed by other discipUnes. First, there does not appear to be anywhere within the federal government an agency that is con- cerned with worldwide resource exploration. Consequently, geologic exploration firms feel that not enough attention is paid to their needs for some of the data products that satellites could pro- vide. They beheve that the lack of a supporting federal agency hampers their cause. Also, the geo- logic community is actively working to get some of the classified data that is available within the government declassified. Some of these data, they feel, would be invaluable to their exploration activities. Planning/Environmental Management Themes With one exception, the data needs of these discipUnes do not appear to drive the design of the operational satellite system: That need is for the TM Band 1 (blue-green) which is particularly important for hydrological and bathy metric programs. Most groups thought that the current 39 80-meter resolution was acceptable for many purposes and 30- to 40-meter resolution would suffice for many others. The current MSS and/or TM spectral bands appear adequate as do data delivery times in the 7-9 day range and coverage cycles in the 8-10 day range. Quick-look capability and/or 1-2 day data delivery, however, is desired for episodic events. The one area where the needs of the planning/environmental management community seem to differ markedly from other disciplines is in satisfying the requirements of federal programs. In some instances where the current data are perfectly adequate (in the opinion of the state and local agen- cies) to fulfill federal program requirements, the various federal agencies have refused to allow its use. In this context, therefore, state and local agencies, particularly, see the need for 10-15 meter data to be available to satisfy these federally imposed requirements. They also desire a uniform federal policy among all agencies with respect to the use of land sateUite data to meet federal pro- gram requirements. In addition to the above, these groups seemed to have more support for the concept of regional centers to provide a wide range of data delivery, processing, and information extraction services. The exact mechanisms for providing these services were not addressed. Finally, these groups shared the concern of other disciplines for saving as much archived data as possible for as long as possible. However, they thought that in any purge of the archives, census years deserved special attention due to the need, upon occasion, to merge Landsat data with other types of socioeconomic data. 4. SUMMARY It does not appear that any one discipline dominates all requirements for land remote sensing satellite data. Agricultural interests are relatively well satisfied with the MSS bands and 80-meter resolution, although finer resolutions are desired over some areas. They require, however, an extremely close repeat coverage cycle in some areas of the world during the growing season. On the other hand, the geologic community has Httle need for data more frequently than monthly or sea- sonally but place great emphasis on more bands, better resolution, and stereoscopic data. It appears, therefore, that a number of tradeoffs and compromises will be necessary in design- ing the operational land remote sensing satellite system. In making these decisions, however, all points of view will be carefully considered. 40 F. OVERALL BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CONFERENCES A number of very important benefits were derived from these user conferences. First of all, they served to introduce NOAA and NESS to the non-federal land remote sensing satellite data users community and to explain NOAA's nev^ role as the agency responsible for the U.S. civil opera- tional land remote sensing program. Through this process, NOAA personnel were able to meet with the users and become personally acquainted with many of them and their concerns about the program. Through the interactive medium of the conferences, the NOAA personnel, who are directly responsible for preparing the transition plan for 0MB and for planning the operational land remote sensing satelhte system, gained a first-hand knowledge of the data requirements in terms of spectral and spatial resolution, timeliness, repeat coverage cycles, and other important parameters. As seen in Chapter IV, this interaction has already lead to a modification of NOAA's data base of non- federal user requirements. The evolution of this data base will continue as new inputs are received through analysis of the questionnaires, through further definition and refinement of data needs by the user community, and through evaluations of proposed new concepts of data acquisition, delivery, and archiving. In effect, these conferences have served to establish a dialogue with the user community. This dialogue is intended to evolve and grow in future years as NOAA begins to move from its present planning role into its more technical role as the agency responsible for day-to-day opera- tions of the satellite system as well as planning for future satellite systems. NOAA will continue to receive suggestions and planning inputs from users throughout this process. Indeed, one of the pur- poses of these conferences was to solicit comments on alternative mechanisms for continuing this interaction. Some of the possibilities are discussed in Chapter VII. Finally, the planning process for the U.S. operational land remote sensing satellite program has been described as a complex series of interactions between the data users, the Program Board, and the systems design/concepts groups. This interaction can only succeed through a spirit of coopera- tion on the part of all concerned. These conferences served to begin this cooperative effort which is expected to continue far into the future. 41 42 G. FUTURE PLANS FOR USER INTERACTION It has been stated several times that these conferences were merely the first round in a series of interactions between NOAA and the users of land remote sensing sateUite data. One of the suggested topics for discussion during the working group sessions was preferred mechanisms for future inter- action between users and NOAA. Among the interaction mechanisms suggested in the group meetings were: • A NOAA-sponsored newsletter, • Newsletters distributed by professional societies and similar groups, • Professional and trade pubhcations, • Regional centers, • A central inquiry /response facility, • Seminars and workshops at professional society meetings, • Academic institutions, and • Training and technology transfer programs. NOAA is actively considering all of these suggestions. At the present time, not all of the alternatives have been reviewed and not all future interac- tion methods determined. However, the following plan has been proposed. There would be a second series of workshops with users after the transition plan is approved by 0MB. These would be longer in duration (probably two days each) and the formats would be somewhat different. These conferences would also likely be held in different cities than the previous conferences, but no sites have been selected at this time. Other mechanisms for continuing interactions are also being pursued. Several of the sugges- tions received at the conferences appear viable but no definite decisions have been reached. It is certain, however, that NOAA does intend to continue the user interactions already begun and to expand the necessary interfaces as rapidly as possible. 43 44 APPENDIX A CURRENT STATUS OF LANDSAT Landsat was launched in 1972 and operated very well for approximately five years— four years beyond its designed life. Substantial amounts of data were collected before it ceased opera- tion in January of 1978. Landsat 2, the second satellite in the series, was launched in 1975. Data collection ceased in November, 1979, and satellite operations closed early this year. Landsat 3, which was launched in 1978, is still in operation although some difficulties in data collection have been experienced. Landsat D is currently under development and is planned for a 1982 launch. Landsat D' will be available for launch approximately six months after Landsat D. Landsats 1 and 2 contained a multispectral scanner (MSS) with four wavelength bands and a return beam vidicon (RBV) system with three bands. These first two satellites were carbon copies, but Landsat 3 had some significant changes such as the addition of the thermal band on the MSS and higher resolution on the RBV. Landsat D will consist of a multispectral scanner with four bands, essentially the same bands used on the first two satellites, and a new thematic mapper (TM) with seven bands. Landsat D' will be a carbon copy of Landsat D. The Landsat D system is quite a different spacecraft from the previous Landsats. A multi- mission spacecraft bus will be used for a variety of different satellite missions. Its antenna will point back to the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) antenna. The current plan is to transmit data back to the TDRSS antenna as the data are received. The original design of the spacecraft does not include tape recorders although that possibility still exists. There are some significant differences in the Landsat D system requirements. Instead of an altitude of 914 kilometers, Landsat D will have an altitude of 705 kilometers. However, the design of the MSS has been changed such that the resolution remains approximately the same. The data rate is also approximately the same in order to insure proper continuity for users of previous Landsat data. The repeat cycle will be improved to about 16 days instead of 18 days. This kind of global coverage per day will provide approximately 200 MSS scenes through TDRSS and approxi- mately 100 thematic mapper scenes. It is anticipated that worldwide there will be a direct readout of approximately 460 MSS scenes and probably 150 thematic mapper scenes. Turnaround time through the processing and data management system at Goddard is expected to be within 48 hours. This does not necessarily mean that from the time a customer orders a scene until the time he receives it is 48 hours. Such situations are dependent upon many more variables, and the system that does that is not completely defined yet. A comparison of the two scanners on Landsat D shows the MSS with 80-meter resolution and four bands, two in the visible and two in the solar infrared. The MSS quantitizes data into 64 levels. The TM essentially has 30-meter resolution with 120-meter resolution on the thermal band. The TM has seven bands, three in the visible, three in the solar reflected infrared, and one in thermal infrared. It has a quantitization level of eight bits or 256 levels. With respect to the data handhng system, the current system consists of receiving the data from Landsat 3 at remote sites (e.g., Goldstone, Cahfornia and Fairbanks, Alaska) and then retrans- mitting it via domestic communications relay satelhte to Goddard Space Flight Center. Goddard has an antenna facility to receive directly off the satelhte as well. At Goddard, the data are pre- processed, formatted, and then transmitted via domestic communications relay satellite to the EROS Data Center (EDC) at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, where they are received and recorded on high density digital tapes. EDC then produces data products for the users in the format of film, computer compatible tapes, or duphcate high density digital tapes. A-1 One concept for how the data flow could exist under Landsat D would be to have all sensor data transmitted through the TDRSS down to the collection center at White Sands, New Mexico, which then relays it via the domestic communications satellite to Greenbelt, Maryland. After pre- processing, the data would be retransmitted via Domsat up to EDC as is currently done. Again, the customer interface would all be with EDC. Regarding the Landsat ground receiving stations, two stations are operated by Canada, three by the U.S. (Fairbanks, Goldstone, and Greenbelt), and one each in Brazil, Sweden, Japan, India, and Italy. A memorandum of understanding was signed with Thailand in 1979 and an operational capability should be achieved some time in 1981. The same is true of the Peoples Republic of China. The Australian and Argentine stations have a limited operational capability right now. A memorandum of understanding has also been signed with Chili but so far they have not taken any steps to achieve an operational capability. Some interest has been expressed in the African sta- tions, but currently nothing is yet underway. A-2 APPENDIX B LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS NOAA/NESS CONFERENCES ON THE U.S. OPERATIONAL LAND REMOTE SENSING SATELLITE PROGRAM SEATTLE, WASHINGTON CHICAGO, ILLINOIS TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA MARCH 14, 1980 MARCH 17, 1980 MARCH 21, 1980 WASHINGTON, D.C. ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO MARCH 25, 1980 MARCH 28, 1980 Human Resources Management, Inc. * 1 101 30th Street, N.W., Suite 301 * Washington, D.C. 20007 B-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Academic Institutions Pages 3-10 II. Private Industry /Non-Profit Pages 1 1 - 26 III. Local and State Governments Pages 27 - 32 IV. Federal Government Pages 33 - 45 V. Foreign Pages 46-47 VI. NCAA/ Land Remote Sensing Task Force Page 48 VIII. Human Resources Management, Inc. Page 48 NOTE: Listed below the name, address and phone of each participant is the city in which he/she attended the NOAA/NESS conference. B-2 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS I. Academic Institutions AGGARWALA, Colonel R. K. School of Natural Resources University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 1 09 (313)769-3344 (Site Attended: Washington, D.C.) BERG, Dr. R. H. Department of Environmental Science Western Washington University Bellingham, Washington 98225 (206) 676-3504 (Seattle) BERNING, Warren Senior Scientist Physical Science Lab New Mexico State University Home: 22007 Candlelight Lane Potomac, Maryland 20854 (301)299-8970 (Washington, D.C.) BIEBER, Andrew Remote Sensing AppUcations Lab University of Nebraska Omaha, Nebraska 68182 (402) 554-2725 (Chicago) BRANCH, Darlene Student George Washington University Home: 31 3 1-1 9th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20010 (202)483-9381 (Washington, D.C.) BUDGE, Amy Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) BUDGE, Thomas Remote Sensing Specialist Technology AppUcations Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) CARTER, Jean L. c/o Dr. Jack Carter Department of Biology Georgia Southwestern College Americus, Georgia 3 1 709 (912)928-1250 (Tallahassee) CARTER, Dr. Jack Associate Professor Department of Biology Georgia Southwestern College Americus, Georgia 31709 (912)928-1250 (Tallahassee) CLARY, Shane Student CaUfomia State College at Dominguez Hills 17700 South Avalon, #403 Carson, CaUfornia 90746 (213)324-7189 (Albuquerque) CONANT, Francis P. Professor Department of Anthropology Hunter College 695 Park Avenue New York, New York 10021 (212)570-5670 (Washington, D.C.) B-3 CORELLI, Aileen Space Sciences Lab Social Sciences Group University of California Berkeley, California 94720 (415)642-4415 (Albuquerque) CRAWFORD, James Department of Geology Tacoma Community College Tacoma, Washington 98416 (206) 756-5000 (Seattle) DAVIS, Shirley Senior Education and Training Specialist Lab for Applied Remote Sensing (LARS) Purdue University 1220 Potter Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (317)749-2052 (Chicago) DE GLORIA, Steven Program Director Remote Sensing Research Program Space Sciences Lab - Room 260 University of California Berkeley, CaUfomia 94720 (415)642-2351 (Seattle) DHAWAN, Sudhir Applications Engineer Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico 2500 Central Southeast Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) DOWDY, James Assistant Director School of Natural Resources Ohio State University 2120FyffeRoad Columbus, Ohio 43210 (614)422-2265 (Washington, D.C.) EBERT, James Archeologist Remote Sensing Division 118 Ban delier Hall West University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (505) 277-4165 (Albuquerque) EBY, James Research Associate Department of Urban Planning Mail Stop JO-40 University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (206)543-4912 (Seattle) EYTON, Ronald Assistant Professor Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina 29208 (803) 777-5790 (Tallahassee) FANALE, Rosalie Student 2853 - 29th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 265-5940 (Albuquerque) FAUST, Nickolas Senior Research Scientist EES Georgia Tech Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (404) 894-3357 (Tallahassee) FINN, John Assistant Professor Remote Sensing Center Holdsworth Hall University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (413)545-2110 (Washington, D.C.) B-4 FORD, Gary Assistant Professor Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of California Davis, California 95616 (916)752-0180 (Seattle) GONZALES, Robert Geologist Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico 2500 Central Southeast Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) GOODRICK, Forrest Lab for Apphed Remote Sensing (LARS) Purdue University 1 220 Potter Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (317)463-9273 (Chicago) GRAHAM, Donald Research Assistant Department of Civil Engineering University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 3261 1 (904)392-1085 (Tallahassee) GREY, Arthur Professor Department of Urban Planning Remote Sensing Applications Mail Stop JO^O University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (206)543-9812 (Seattle) GRUPOS, Ted 110 Love Florida State University CC Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 644-2764 (Tallahassee) HALL, Madeline Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Lab Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 9733 1 (503) 754-3056 (Seattle) HAMILTON, L. Craig Research Associate Remote Sensing Applications Lab Department of Geography /Geology University of Nebraska Omaha, Nebraska 68132 (402) 554-2575 (Chicago) HAUSER, RoUand K. The Now Casting Project 101 Salem Street, Suite 4 California State University Chico, CaHfornia 95926 (916)895-5082 (Seattle) HELMS, John Research Fellow Department of Forestry Qemson University Clemson, South Caro Una 29631 (803) 656-3303 (Tallahassee) HENDERSON, Charles Research Associate 260 Space Sciences Lab University of California Berkeley, Cahfomia 94720 (415)642-2351 (Albuquerque) HENRY, James Department of Geography University of Florida Gainesville, Florida 3261 1 (904) 392-0494 (Tallahassee) B-5 HIGGINS, David Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Sloan, Room 39 Washington State University Pull man , Washington 9 9 1 64 (509)335-3110 (Seattle) HILL, John Assistant Professor College of Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 (504)388-8417 (Tallahassee) HORTON, Steve Director, Customer Service and Marketing Cosmic 1 1 2 Barrow Hall University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 (404) 542-3265 (Washington, D.C.) HUTCHINSON, Dr. Charles 845 North Park Avenue University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona 85719 (602)626-4715 (Albuquerque) HYDE, Richard Program Director Holcomb Research Institute Butler University Indianapolis, Indiana 46208 (317)283-9555 (Chicago) INGLIS, Michael Division Manager Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) JONDROW, James Program Coordinator 1042 Warf Building University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (608) 263-4788 (Chicago) JONES, Brenda Department of Geography University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina 29208 (803) 777-7024 (Tallahassee) JORDON, C. L. Department of Meteorology Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (904) 644-2525 (Tallahassee) KOEHLER, Chuck Applications Development Group Manager Computing Service Center Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164 (509) 335-661 l,ext. 260 (Seattle) LANGREN, Dr. Kenneth Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Regional Planning Western Washington University BelUngham, Washington 98225 (206) 676-3284 (Seattle) LOWTHER, J. S. Professor Department of Geology University of Puget Sound Tacom a, Washington 98416 (206)756-3129 (Seattle) B-6 LUND, Lanny Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of California Riverside, California 92521 (714)787-3859 (Chicago) MC DONALD, John W. Professor Department of Geography University of Southern California University Park Los Angeles, California 90007 (213)741-2366 (Albuquerque) MC INTOSH, Thomas Professor , Science & Environmental CJiange Room SE 416 University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301 (414)465-2207 (Chicago) MALIK, Dr. Rashid A. Visiting Professor Department of Geography Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (904) 877-7057 (Tallahassee) MARTINKO, Dr. E. G. Kansas Applied Remote Sensing Program Space Technology Center Campus West, University of Kansas 2291 Irving Hill Drive Lawrence, Kansas 66045 (913)864-4775 (Albuquerque) MEISNER, Douglas 110 Green Hall University of Minnesota ■' 1530 Qeveland Avenue '-' St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (612)373-1412 (Chicago) MILFRED, Clarence J. Associate Professor Department of Geography /Geology University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481 (715)346-3704 (Chicago) MILLER, Barbara B. Cal Poly Pomona University 3801 West Temple Avenue Pomona, California 91768 (714)598-4513 (Albuquerque) MILLER, Dr. Crane S. Professor Department of Geography California State Polytechnic University Pomona, California 91768 (714)598-4513 (Albuquerque) MILLER, John M. Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 (907) 479-7363 (Seattle) MONTGOMERY, Dr. Oscar L. Director, ACARS Department of Natural Resources Alabama A & M University Huntsville, Alabama 35762 (205)859-7316 (Tallahassee) MORRISON, Douglas B. Training Coordinator Lab for Apphed Remote Sensing (LARS) Purdue University 1220 Potter Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (317)749-2052 (Chicago) B-7 MOSTAFA, Nosseir Department of Agronomy 1885 NEIL Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 (614)422-2404 (Washington, D.C.) MOUAT, David A. Applied Remote Sensing Program University of Arizona 845 North Park Tucson, Arizona 85719 (602)626-4715 (Albuquerque) MROCZYNSKI, Richard Lab for Applied Remote Sensing (LARS) Purdue University 1 220 Potter Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 (317)749-2052 (Chicago) OLSON, Charles E., Jr. School of Natural Resources University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (313)764-1413 (Chicago) OUYANG, Chung Yuii 271 Mercer Hall University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 (206)543-8271 (Seattle) PALUDAN, Dr. C. T. N. The Space Institute University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37916 (615)974-2591 (Tallahassee) PERIN, Charles Assistant Professor Department of Geography George Washington University Washington, D.C. 20052 (202)676-6185 (Washington, D.C.) PETERSON, John Remote Sensing Specialist New Mexico Engineering Research Institute (NMERI) University of New Mexico University Station, Box 25 Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 (505) 844-0676 (Albuquerque) RAGAN, Robert Professor Department of Civil Engineering University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20746 (301)454-6617 (Washington, D.C.) RAO, S. R. N. Professor and C3iairman Department of Civil Engineering Prairie View A & M University Prairie View, Texas 77445 (713)857-4316 (Albuquerque) REEVES, Robert Dean, College of Science & Engineering University of Texas at the Pemian Basin Odessa, Texas 79762 (915)367-2311 (Albuquerque) RICHARDSON, Kevin Department of Forestry 115HoldsworthHall University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (413) 545-2758 (Washington, D.C.) RIDDELL, James Land Tenure Center University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (608) 262-3657 (Chicago) B-8 SAFIR, Dr. Gene Department of Botany & Plant Pathology Plant Biology Building Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (517)355^697 (Chicago) SAUNDERS, W. Peter Research Assistant 204 Holdsworth Hall University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (413)545-2011 (Washington, D.C.) SCHRUMPF, Barry Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Lab Oregon State University Corvalhs, Oregon 9733 1 (503)754-3056 (Seattle) SCUDERI, Phihp Manager, Software Services Computing Service Center Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164 (509)335-6611 (Seattle) SEE VERS, Paul 113 Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68605 (402)472-3471 (Albuquerque) SHAIN, WilUam [ /,' Professor Department of Forestry Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina 29631 (803)656-3303 (Tallahassee) SHARMA, Lakshmi Pati #440, Cockins Hall Ohio State University 1958 Neil Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210 (614)411-7842 (Washington, D.C.) SHINN, Duane Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (206)543-4190 (Seattle) SMITH, Gary Research Specialist School of Natural Resources University of Vermont 16 Colchester Avenue Burlington, Vermont 05401 (802) 656-2684 (Washington, D.C.) SNYDER, Frank Instructor Department of Geography Northwestern Michigan College Traverse City, Michigan 49684 (616)946-5650, ext. 228 (Washington, D.C.) STREATFIELD, David Associate Professor Department of Landscape Architecture University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 (206) 543-9240 (Seattle) SWANBERG, Nancy Student Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Home: 410 North Springer Street, #2 Carbondale, Illinois 62901 (618)549-0384 (Chicago) TALMON, Ted Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico 87 13 1 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) B-9 VANN, John H. Department of Environmental Studies and Geography California State University 25800 Hilary Drive Hayward, California 94542 (415)527-1428 (Seattle) WAKE, Dr. WilHam H. Professor Department of Physics & Earth Science California State College Bakersfield, California 93309 (805) 833-3059 (Albuquerque) WEISEL, J. Arthur Institute for Resource Management University of Albuquerque Albuquerque, New Mexico 87140 (505)831-1111 (Albuquerque) WELCH, Roy Professor Department of Geography University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602 (404) 542-2856 (Tallahassee) WESTERLUND, Frank Associate Director Remote Sensing AppUcations Lab Mail Stop JO-40 University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (206)543-4912 (Seattle) WHITMORE, Roy Professor School of Natural Resources University of Vermont 1 6 Colchester Avenue Burlington, Vermont 05401 (802) 656-2684 (Washington, D.C.) WISE, Dr. Louis N. Vice President for Agriculture, Forestry & Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Box 5386 Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762 (601)325-5456 (Tallahassee) WOOD, Dr. Richard D. 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COLVOCORESSES, Alden Research Cartographer American Society of Photogrammetry Home: 3316 Rocky Mountain Road Fairfax, Virginia 22031 (703) 860-6285 (Washington, D.C.) CONROY, William Marketing Manager General Electric 5030 Herzel Place Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (301)937-3500 (Washington, D.C.) COOK, Dr. Jerald Director, Remote Sensing Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) P.O. Box 8618 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107 (313) 994-1200, ext. 290 (Washington, D.C.) B-13 CROTEAU, Charles Manager, Application Programs General Electric 5030 Herzel Place Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (301)937-3500 (Washington, D.C.) DANNEMANN, Charles J. General Electric/NASA Programs P.O. Box 8555 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101 (215)962-1333 (Washington, D.C.) DASGUPTA, Ranjit Section Manager Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 209 1 (301) 589-1545, ext. 772 (Washington, D.C.) DAY, Ronald Suite 602 5900 Princess Garden Parkway Lanham, Maryland 20801 (Washington, D.C.) DENEGRE, John Senior Marketing Analyst Comsat General 950 L'Enfant Plaza Washington, D.C. 20024 (202)554-6149 (Washington, D.C.) DERMODY, John Director, Environmental Sciences ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting and Technology) 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206)838-9192 (Seattle) DIMOND, Robert Vice President, Electronic Systems AMAF Industries P.O. Box 1100 Columbia, Maryland 21044 (301)596-5336 (Washington, D.C.) DISMACHEK, Dennis Systems & Applied Sciences Corporation 6811 Kenilworth Riverdale, Maryland 20840 (301)699-6141 (Washington, D.C.) DOUGLAS, A. W. A. W. Douglas & Associates P.O. Box 4011 Gary, Indiana 46404 (219)882-1505 (Chicago) DOWNING, Paul E. Manager, Regional Planning Branch Mississippi R&D Center P.O. Drawer 2470 Jackson, Mississippi 39205 (601)982-6339 (Tallahassee) DREWES, Wolfram Senior Resource Planner World Bank 1818 H Street N.W. 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FLINT, Douglas Marketing Representative Honeywell Electro-Optics Center 2 Forbes Road Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 (617)862-6222, ext. 218 (Tallahassee) FLYNN, Patricia Regional Research Consultants 1818 Paseo della Conquistadora Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 (505)983-4212 (Albuquerque) FONG, Louis Executive Resource Associates Inc. Suite 902 A 1911 Jefferson Davis Highway Crystal Main Arlington, Virginia 22202 -> (703) 920-5200 (Washington, D.C.) FOSDICK, George E. Assistant Manager, Environmental Services Occidental Oil Shale Inc. P.O. Box 2687 Grand Junction, Colorado 81501 (303) 242-8463 (Albuquerque) FOWLER, Eugene Gold Kist Inc. P.O.Box 2210 Atlanta, Georgia 30301 (404)393-5071 (Washington, D.C.) FRANZEN, Richard D. Senior Systems Analyst Falcon R&D 2350 Alamo SE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (505)843-6101 (Albuquerque) FRAUENGLASS, Harvey Director, Audio-Visual Institute 6839 Guadalupe Trail N.W. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87107 (505) 344-8344 (Albuquerque) FREEMAN, Ted President TeLFree 414 Hungerford Drive Rockville, Maryland 20850 (301)340-7337 (Washington, D.C.) FRENCH, WilUam D. Executive Director American Society of Photogrammetry 105 North Virginia Avenue Falls Church, Virginia 22046 (703)534-6617 (Washington, D.C.) GALE, Pliny Vice President & Chief Surveying Engineer Turner, Collie, Braden Inc. P.O.Box 13089 Houston, Texas 77019 . (713)780-4100 (Albuquerque) GARDACZ, Michael ITT Home: 10420 Lake Ridge Drive Oakt on, Virginia 22124 (703)938-0861 (Washington, D.C.) GARDNER, Jeffrey Director, New Programs Computer Sciences Corporation 6565 ArUngton Boulevard Falls Church, Virginia 22046 (703) 533-8877 (Washington, D.C.) B-15 GESELL, Les Section Manager Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301) 589-1545, ext. 771 (Washington, D.C.) GILCHRIST, Laurence Deputy Director National Research Council Space Applications Board 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 (202) 389-6858 (Washington, D.C.) GILMORE, Paul Program Director Department 470 Goodyear Aerospace Corporation Akron, Ohio 44315 (216)794-2804 (Washington, D.C.) GLADIN, Steven 1524-P N.W. 4th Avenue Gainesville, Florida 32603 (904)376-1095 (Tallahassee) GOODMAN, Steven Physical Scientist Daedalus Enterprises 7101 Jackson Road P.O.Box 1869 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (313)769-5649 (Chicago) GOODWIN, Robert Consulting Engineer D'Appolonia 2350 Alamo Street S.E., Suite 103 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (505) 842-0835 (Albuquerque) GORDON, Kenneth Geographic Information Consultant 3827 Idaho Street BeUingham, Washington 98225 (206) 734-1445 (Seattle) GOTT, Commander Charles Sea Use Council 1101 Seattle Tower Seattle, Washington 98101 (206)624-1567 (Seattle) GRAHAM, John Manager, Aerial Products Eastman Kodak 343 State Street Rochester, New York 14650 (716)724-4346 (Washington, D.C.) GUILL, Dr. James H. Manager, NOSS Programs Lockheed Missiles & Space Company 1111 Lockheed Way Sunnyvale, California 94086 (408)743-1371 (Albuquerque) GUNTHER, Fred Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301)344-5155 (Washington, D.C.) HAGAN, Kurt Geologist Phillips Petroleum Company 260 F.P.B. Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74004 (918)661-5208 (Albuquerque) HAMKINS, Donna Project Director STAR Inc. P.O. Box 4541 Areata, California 95521 (707) 822-3676 (Seattle) HAMMOND, C.W. Manager, Photogeology Sunmark Exploration Company Box 30 Dallas, Texas 75221 (214) 258^273 (Albuquerque) B-16 HANSEN, Jack Whidbey Island Navy Flying Qub 1040 North 760 West Oak Harbor, Washington 98277 (206) 675-5200 (Seattle) HELPER, Dorsey Senior Analyst Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301)589-1545 (Washington, D.C.) HENDERSON, Dr. Frederick HI Geosat Committee 153 Kearney, Suite 209 " San Francisco, California 94108 (415)981-6265 (All sites attended, except Chicago) HOLTEN, Andy Senior Staff Member The BDM Corporation 2600 Yale S.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106 (505) 848-5288 (Albuquerque) HOLTER, Marvin Executive Vice President Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) RO. Box 8618 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 1 07 (313) 994-1200, ext. 220 (Chicago) HOOPER, Nancy METRICS, Inc. 290 Interstate North, Suite 116 Atlanta, Georgia 30339 (404)955-1975 (Chicago) HOPKINS, Henry R. Group Leader for Satellite Imagery EXXON Research Production Company RO. Box 2189 Houston, Texas 77001 (713)965^636 ■ ^ (Albuquerque) ' ' ' JOHNSON, Arthur Systems Development Corporation 7929 Westpark Drive McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 790-9850, ext. 439 (Chicago) JOHNSON, Richard A. Systems Development Corporation 2500 Colorado Avenue Santa Monica, California 90406 (213) 820-4111, ext. 4360 (Seattle) JOOS, Loyd Private Consultant 362 Telestar Drive Bismark, North Dakota 58501 (701)255-1306 (Albuquerque) JOYCE, John WCTV-TV Tallahassee, Florida 32306 (904)893-2126 (Tallahassee) HARWOOD, Peggy Council of State Planning Agencies 444 North Capitol Street Washington, D.C. 20005 (202)624-5351 (Washington, D.C.) KEARNEY, Terry Staff Member The BDM Corporation 7915 Jones Branch Drive McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 827-7855 (Washington, D.C.) KEENE, G. T. Project Manager Kodak Apparatus Division Eastman Kodak 901 Elm Grove Road Rochester, New York 14650 (716)724-5401 (Washington, D.C.) B-17 KEENMON, K. A. Staff Geologist Shell Oil Company P.O. Box 205 Houston, Texas 77001 (713)241-2454 (Tallahassee) KELLY, James Engineer Ampex Corporation 10215 Fern wood Road Bethesda, Maryland 20034 (301)530-8800 (Washington, D.C.) KENNELLY, John Director, Scientific Applications Lockheed Missiles & Space Company 1 1 1 1 Lockheed Way Sunnyvale, California 94086 (408)743-1371 (Albuquerque) KESSLER, W. D. Program Manager Sangamo Weston P.O. Box 3041 Sarasota, Florida 33578 (813) 371-081 l,ext. 495 (Albuquerque) KIMURA, Gary Vice President C. S. Smyth Inc. 14044 N.E. 8th Street Bellevue, Washington 98007 (206) 746-0333 (Seattle) KING, J. Robert Vice President Technicolor Graphic Service Inc. 13315 Reid Lane Fort Washington, Maryland 20022 (301)292-9660 (Washington, D.C.) KNORR, William G. Product Line Manager ITT Aerospace Optical Division 3700 East Pontiac Street Fort Wayne, Indiana 46803 (219)423-9636 (Chicago) KOENIG, Edward Program Manager ITT Aerospace Optical Division 3700 East Pontiac Street Fort Wayne, Indiana 46803 (219)423-9636 (Chicago) KNITTER, Chfford Staff Geologist Fugro Northwest 444 Northeast Rave-na Boulevard Seattle, Washington 98 1 1 5 (206)527-1255 (Seattle) KOHLER, WiUiam P. N7711/Mail Stop 7729 Boeing Commercial Airplane Company Renton, Washington 98055 (206)237-8118 (Seattle) KRIPLING, Dr. Louis Vice President, Topographic Division Topographic Sciences Corporation Center Office Building, Suite 208 One Tyson's Comer McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 827-9501 (Washington, D.C.) KUDER, David Department Manager Computer Sciences Technicolor Association (CSTA) Aerospace Building, Suite 930 10210 Greenbelt Road Seabrook, Maryland 20801 (301)344-8509 (Washington, D.C.) KYLANDER, John ITT/Electric Optical Division 3700 East Pontiac Fort Wayne, Indiana 46803 (219)423-4341 (Chicago) LASTRES, Jose Computer Programmer Lockheed 1830 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas 77058 (713)333-6597 (Chicago) B-18 LEHMAN, W. T. Principal Research Geologist ARCO Oil & Gas EXP 176 P.O.Box 2819 Dallas, Texas 75221 (214)65M069 (Washington, D.C.) LIGHTER, Fred Director of Science Pacific Science Center 200-2nd Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 625-9333 (Seattle) LINDE, Cari Visitor Programs Supervisor Pacific Science Center 200-2nd Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 625-9333 (Seattle) LINDORFER, William Manager, Advanced Environmental Mission RCA Box 800 Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (609) 448-3400, ext. 2237 (Washington, D.C.) LIPMAN, William F. Lipman Inc. 3134 "O" Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20007 (202) 338-0440 (Washington, D.C.) LOCKWOOD, Randy ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting & Technology) 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206)927-8901 (Seattle) LORRAINE, Jacques ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting & Technology) 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206) 927-8901 (Seattle) LUNDBERG, Gary ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting & Technology) 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206)838-9192 (Seattle) LYONS, Robert Cartographer Ranchers Exploration & Development Corporation P.O. Box 6217 1776 Montano Road, N.W. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87107 (505) 344-3542 (Albuquerque) MC CULLER, E. O. Environmental Planner Florida Power & Light P.O. Box 529 100 Miami, Florida 33152 (305) 552-3566 (Tallahassee) MC GUI RE, Michael Staff Geologist AMOCO Production Company Security Life Building Denver, Colorado 80202 (303)820-4012 (Albuquerque) MC KENNA, Jay Resource Planner The Worid Bank Room E-810 1818 H Street N.W. 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Associate Manager Battelle Northwest Laboratories Battelle Boulevard Box 999 Richland, Washington 99352 (509) 942-5865 (Seattle) MASON, Gary Systematics General Corporation 2922 Telestar Court Falls Church, Virginia 22042 (703) 698-8500 (Washington, D.C.) MATHIESON, Jack R. Atmospheric Environment Service 1200 West 73rd Road, Suite 700 Vancouver, British Columbia Canada (Seattle) MAUGHAN, Paul Director, Earth Sensing Systems Comsat General 950 L'Enfant Plaza S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024 (202) 554-6098 (Washington, D.C.) MELONE, Dennis 8855 South Crandon Chicago, Illinois 60617 (312)721-7053 (Chicago) MERRITT, Earl Vice President Earth Satellite Corporation 7222 - 47th Street Bethesda, Maryland 20015 (301)652-7130 (Washington, D.C.) MILLER, James A. Research Department Union Oil of California P.O. Box 76 Brea, California 92621 (714) 528-7201 (Albuquerque) MILLER, Jonathan Managing Editor Satellite Week 1836 Jefferson Place N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 872-9200 (Washington, D.C.) B-20 MILLER, William ESCA-TECH Corporation Earth Science Consulting and Technology 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206)838-9192 (Seattle) MORAN, W. R. Union Oil of California P.O. Box 54945 Los Angeles, California 90054 (213)486-6934 (Albuquerque) NEBB, Jack OAO Corporation 5050 Powder Mill Road BeltsviUe, Maryland 20705 (301)937-3090 (Washington, D.C.) NESTERCZUK, George Senior Scientist EG«&G 6801 Kenilworth Avenue Riverdale, Maryland 20770 (301)779-2800 (Washington, D.C.) OESTMANN, Allan Peter Kiewit Sons Company 1000 Kiewit Plaza Omaha, Nebraska 68131 (402) 342-2052, ext. 544 (Albuquerque) OJHA, Helen Pohcy Analyst Arthur D. Little, Inc. 25 Acorn Park Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (617) 864-5770 (Washington, D.C.) ONDREJKA, Ronald Systems Development Manager ITEK — Optical Systems Division 1 Maguire Road Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 (617)276-2502 (Washington, D.C.) PALIK, Thomas F. Geologist Martel Laboratories Dade Building, Room 230 9620 Executive Center Drive St. Petersburg, Florida 33713 (813)347-1000 (Washington, D.C.) PARK, Archibald Program Manager General Electric/Space Division 5030 Herzel Place BeltsviUe, Maryland 20705 (301)937-3000, ext. 234 (Washington, D.C.) PASCUCCI, Richard Geologist Greenhome & O'Mara 6715 Kenilworth Avenue Riverdale, Maryland 20840 (301)277-2121 (Washington, D.C.) PAVLIDES, Michael Division Manager Greenhome & O'Mara 67 1 5 Kenilworth Avenue Riverdale, Maryland 20840 (301)277-2121 (Washington, D.C.) PECORA, Mrs. William 4572 Indian Rock Terrace N.W. Washington, D.C. 20007 (202)333-7819 (Washington, D.C.) PHILPOT, Donn Program Office Manager/Software General Electric 5030 Herzog Place Beltsville, Maryland 20705 (301) 937-3500, ext. 220 (Washington, D.C.) B-21 POSEK, David J. Representative General Electric 777- 14th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 637-4394 (Washington, D.C.) PROODIAN, James Business Analyst AVCO Research Labs 2385 Revere Beach Parkway Everett, Massachusetts 02149 (617)389-3000, ext. 567 (Washington, D.C.) RAYNORE, William Field Services Consultant 127 Temple Circle Lynchburg, Virginia 24502 (804)237-3191 (Washington, D.C.) ., REIG, William M. CSTA (Computer Sciences Technicolor Associates) 9708 Woodland Avenue Seabrook, Maryland 20801 (301)577-6867 (Washington, D.C.) REINHARDT, Edward Consulting Forester 5508 Madeira Place N.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110 (505)881-7823 (Albuquerque) REYNOLDS, John Senior Geologist Bechtold Satellite Technology Corporation 667 Brea Canyon Road Walnut, California 91789 (714)598-6037 (Albuqueurque) RICHMOND, Sally Vice President Computer Sciences Corporation 6565 Arlington Boulevard Falls Church, Virginia 22046 (703) 533-8877 (Washington, D.C.) RITLAND, Harold President Ritland Associates 5433- 116th Avenue S.E. BeUevue, Washington 98006 (206)746-5481 (Seattle) ROGERS, Thomas Private Consultant c/o Space Applications Board 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418 (202) 389-6858 (Washington, D.C.) ROSE, James Senior Analyst Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301)589-1545 (Washington, D.C.) RUSSELL, James D. Vice President Martel Laboratories 1025 Cromwell Bridge Road Baltimore, Maryland 2 1 204 (301)825-7790 (Washington, D.C.) RUTH, John L. Environmental Planner 1016- 17th Street Bellingham, Washington 98225 (206) 734-7542 (Seattle) SCHECTER, Roger Vice President Ocean Data Systems, Inc. 4505 Franklin Avenue Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 (919)799-4470 (Tallahassee) B-22 SCHEIDER, E. C. Group Timberland Manager Boise Cascade 1 Jefferson Square Boise, Idaho 83701 (208) 343-6922 (Seattle) SCHILLING, Robert E. President Robert E. Schilling & Associates 14538 Southeast 50th Bellevue, Washington 98006 (206) 746-5642 (Seattle) SCHNEEBERGER, Jon National Geographic Magazine 17th &M Streets, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202)857-7183 (Washington, D.C.) SCHULZE, Glen Consultant Ampex Corporation Home: 5965 West Moraine Avenue Littleton, Colorado 80123 (303)973-8147 (Albuquerque) SEKHON, Rajinder Computer Sciences Corporation 8728 Colesville Road Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301)344-5155 (Washington, D.C.) SELADONES, Susan Council of State Planning Agencies 444 North Capitol Street Washington, D.C. 20005 (202)624-5351 (Washington, D.C.) SELLMAN, Buzz Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) P.O. Box 8618 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 1 07 (313)994-1200 (Chicago) SHAFFER, Sue-Ellen Geologist Division 45 1 1 Sandia National Laboratories P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 (505) 844-8440 (Albuquerque) SHAW, Dr. Lawrence H. Cotton, Inc. 4505 Creedmoor Road Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 (919)782-6330 (Seattle) SHEFFIELD, Charles Vice President Earth Satelhte Corporation 7222 -47th Street Washington, D.C. 20015 (301)652-7130 (Washington, D.C.) SHERFF, John Consultant Arthur D. Little, Inc. Acorn Park Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (617)864-5770 (Washington, D.C.) SHOREBIRD, Thomas P.O. Box 2289 Washington, D.C. 20013 (202) 347-3459 (Washington, D.C.) SINTON, David M & S Computing P.O. Box 5183 Huntsville, Alabama 35805 (205)772-3411 (Washington, D.C.) B-23 SIRKIN, A. M. World Bank (Consultant) Home: 6525 Wigcusset Road Washington, D.C. 20016 (301)229-7998 (Washington, D.C.) SLOAN, David Scientist McDonald, Dettwiler & Associates 10280 Shellbridge Way Richmond, British Columbia Canada V6X 2Z9 (604)278-3411 (Seattle) SMITH, Darrell Landsat — D Ground Segment Systems Engineer General Electric 4701 Forbes Boulevard Lanham, Maryland 20801 (301)459-2900 (Washington, D.C.) SMITH, Robert A. 1631 - 1 6th, Apartment 119 Seattle, Washington 98122 (Seattle) STANLEY, Admiral E. D., Jr. Secretary, Sea Use Council 1101 Seattle Tower Seattle, Washington 98101 (206)624-1567 (Seattle) STEINHOFF, Ernst New Mexico Research Institute, Inc. P.O. Box 454 Alamogordo, New Mexico 88310 (505) 437-8654 (Albuquerque) STEPHENS, Pamela Ocean Data Systems, Inc. 6000 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)881-3031 (Chicago) STONE, Donald M. Director, Section Activities American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics 9841 Airport Boulevard, Suite 800 Los Angeles, CaUfomia 90045 (213)64M100 (Seattle) SMITH, Wilham Vice President Spectrac Data 1500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 317 Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 243-0660 (Washington, D.C.) SMYTH, Steve C. S. Smyth Geologist Inc. 14044 Northeast 8th Bellevue, Washington 98009 (206) 746-0333 (Seattle) SPANN, William President METRICS, Inc. 290 Interstate North, Suite 116 Atlanta, Georgia 30339 (404)955-1975 (AH sites attended) STORIE, W. T., Jr. Manager, Technology Sunmark Exploration Company (Sun Oil Company) P.O. Box 30 Dallas, Texas 75221 (214) 258-4268 (Washington, D.C.) STRONG, Len Computer Contractors Corporation 6033 North Sheridan Road Chicago, Illinois 60660 (312)728-3682 (Chicago) SWETT, Charies Technical Staff Mitre Corporation 1820 Dolley Madison Boulevard McLean, Virginia 22102 (703) 827-6806 (Washington, D.C.) B-24 TAYLOR, David Special Projects Coordinator Pacific Science Center 200 - 2nd Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 625-9333 (Seattle) TAYLOR, Richard Vice President, Systems Science Division Computer Science Corporation 6565 Arlington Boulevard Falls Church, Virginia 22046 (703) 533-8877 (Washington, D.C.) THEIS, Joseph Mapping Consultant Bausch & Lomb 5731 Crawford Drive Rockville, Maryland 20891 (301)770-0815 (Washington, D.C.) THOMPSON, Gene Director, Market Research MFA Inc. 201 South 7th Columbia, Missouri 65201 (314)874-5111 (Albuquerque) TREMBLAY, Wilham President Trembly Associates 1 1 9 Quincy Northeast Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 (505)266-8616 (Albuquerque) TRUSZYNSKI, G. M. Systematics General Corporation 2922 Telestar Court Falls Church, Virginia 22142 (703) 698-8500 (Washington, D.C.) TULLOS, Earl J. Cotton, Inc. 4505 Creedmoor Road Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 (919)782-6330 (Seattle) TYSZKA, Robert 6216 South Rutherford Chicago, Illinois 60638 (312)586-4043 (Chicago) VERBIN, Arthur Manager, Programs Development Computer Sciences Corporation 6565 Arlington Boulevard Falls Church, Virginia 22046 (703) 533-8877 (Washington, D.C.) VINCENT, Dinah K. Research Geographer Geospectra Corporation 320 North Main, Suite 301 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48 1 04 (313)994-3450 (Chicago) VINCENT, Dr. Robert K. President Geospectra Corporation 320 North Main, Suite 301 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 (313)994-3450 (Chicago) WADA, James General Manager NAC, Inc. 820 South Mariposa Street Burbank, California 91506 (213)849-6251 (Albuquerque) WALKER, Kelly P. ESCA-TECH Corporation (Earth Science Consulting & Technology) 33749 - 9th Avenue South Federal Way, Washington 98003 (206) 927-8901 (Seattle) WARD, Thomas C. Lincoln Engineering Home: 1 1th & E, P.O. 215 Carrizozo, New Mexico 88301 (505) 648-2844 (Albuquerque) B-25 WARREN, Louis C. Chairman of the Board Earth Resources Observatory, Inc. 100 South Philhps Avenue Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57101 (605) 334-0250 (Albuquerque) WECKER, David Systems Analyst Phoenix Associates 4720 Montgomery, Suite 600 Washington, D.C. 20014 (301)654-0850 (Washington, D.C.) WELLS, David Engineer Exotech, Inc. 1200 Quince Orchard Boulevard Gaithersburg, Maryland 20760 (301)948-3060 (Washington, D.C.) WEST, Susan Earth Science Editor Science News 1719 N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 785-2255 (Washington, D.C.) WHITE, Mike E. Remote Sensing Manager Dames & Moore 1 626 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 (303) 232-6262 (Albuquerque) WILKISON, David Manager, Federal Marketing RCA 1901 North Moore Street Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 558-4627 (Washington, D.C.) WILLETT, Kip President International Mapping Unlimited 4343 - 39th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016 (202) 244-4082 (Washington, D.C.) WILLIAMS, Dan Marketing Representative Goodyear Aerospace Corporation P.O. Box 85 Litchfield Park, Arizona 85340 (602) 932-7000 (Albuquerque) WILSON, John Mapping Information System Texas Natural Resources Information System P.O.Box 13087 Austin, Texas 787 1 1 (512)475-3321 (Washington, D.C.) WIRSIG, Gene Land Manager Potlatch Corporation P.O.Box 1016 Lewiston, Idaho 83501 (208)799-1530 (Seattle) YOUNG, Greg Financial Analyst OAO Corporation Suite 800 2101 L Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 466-6335, ext. 227 (Washington, D.C.) ZEMKE, Steve Environmental Monitoring Center Coordinator Pacific Science Center 200 - 2nd Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 625-9333 (Seattle) B-26 III. Local and State Government ANDERSON, The Honourable Thomas J. State Representative Room320K Capital Building Lansing, Michigan 48909 (517)373-0855 (Qiicago) BARTHMAIER, Eric Remote Sensing Analyst Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753-5338 (Seattle) BISHOP, John , \ ' , " Division of Forestry ' ' 600 North Grand Avenue, West Springfield, Illinois 62704 (217)785-3925 (Chicago) BLACKERBY, Larry Transportation Engineer Washington State Department of Transportation Highway Administration Building Olympia, Washington 98504 (206)753-1713 (Seattle) BLY, Belden G., Jr. State Representative House of Representatives (Massachusetts) 30 Main Street Saugus, Massachusetts 01906 (617)233-4500 (Washington, D.C.) BOYTER,Hugh Resource Ranning Division of Forestry Collins Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-6591 (Tallahassee) BRAINARD, Teresa Management Assistant Nevada Division of Water Planning 201 South Fall Carson City, Nevada 89710 (702) 8854877 (Albuquerque) BURNS, Tony South Central Alaska Remote Sensing Project Coordinator Municipality of Anchorage Pouch 6-650 Anchorage, Alaska 99502 (907) 265-4229 (Seattle) CARON, Loyola M. Special Assistant National Conference of State Legislatures Suite 2300 1405 Curtis Street Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 623-6600 (Albuquerque) CAVES, Roger W. Renewable Resources Planner State of Delaware Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 1401 Tatnall Building Dover, Delaware 19901 (302)678-5284 (Washington, D.C.) COLE, Bert L. Commissioner of Public Lands Department of Natural Resources Public Lands Building Olympia, Washington 98504 (206)753-5317 (Seattle) CUNNINGHAM, Paul Division of Management and Budget Idaho State House Boise, Idaho 83720 (208) 334-3900 (Seattle) B-27 DE LOACH, Walter State Topographical Engineer Florida Department of Transportation Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-8911 (Tallahassee) EHLERS, Paula M. Washington State Department of Transportation Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753-9666 (Seattle) ENGLAND, Albert Cartographer King County Planning West 217 King County Courthouse Seattle, Washington 98102 (206)344-2527 (Seattle) EVANS, Bob Section Chief Aerial Mapping & Remote Sensing 11707 Gillette Street Temple Terrace, Florida 33617 (904) 796-721 l,ext. 1448 (Tallahassee) FRIIS, Mark Planner Frederick County Planning Commission 1 2 East Church Street Frederick, Maryland 20850 (301)694-1150 (Washington, D.C.) FULMER, Charles Environmental Scientist King County Building and Land Development King County Administration Building 4th & James Seattle, Washington 98104 (206) 344-7900 (Seattle) GEBHART, Richard Executive Policy Analyst South Dakota State Planning Bureau Capital Building Pierre, South Dakota 57501 (605) 773-3661 (Chicago) GIBSON, Jack Soil Conservation Service Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 10026 Richmond, Virginia 23240 (804)771-2457 (Washington, D.C.) GLASSMAN, Howard Associate Planner State of Florida Bureau of Land and Water Management Department of Community Affairs Carlton Building, Room 530 Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-4925 (Tallahassee) GOEBEL, Joseph Minnesota Geological Survey 1633 Eustis Street Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108 (612)373-3372 (Chicago) GRABINSKI-YOUNG, Nancy Urban Planner Tacoma City Planning 9th Floor Medical Arts Building Tacoma, Washington 98402 (206)593-4170 (Seattle) GREGG, Tim Remote Sensing Analyst Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753-5338 (Seattle) 1 B-28 HAINES, Ted Landsat Program Manager Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Planning Commission 203 West Main CollinsviUe, Illinois 62234 (618)344-4250 (Chicago) HARDING, Roger Inventory Supervisor Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753-5338 (Seattle) HINSON, David Planner Southwest Georgia Areawide Planning Development Commission Box 346 Camilla, Georgia 31730 (912)336-5616 (Tallahassee) HOYER, Bernard Chief, Technical Services Iowa Geological Survey Iowa City, Iowa 52242 (319)338-1173 (Chicago) INABINET, Stan South Carolina Land Resources Conservation Commission 2221 Devine Street, Suite 222 Columbia, South Carohna 29205 (803) 758-2823 (Tallahassee) J AFFRAY, Mark Spokane County Planning Department North 721 Jefferson Spokane, Washington 99260 (509)458-2538 (Seattle) JONES, E. O. Chicago Aerial Survey 2140 Wolf Road Des Plaines, Illinois 60018 (312) 298-1480 (Chicago) KIMBALL, Rick SEPA Coordinator Kitsap County Community Development 614 Division Street Port Orchard, Washington 98366 (206)876-7152 (Seattle) KISS, Jeffrey Associate Planner Department of Commercial Affairs Florida Bureau of Land and Water Management Room 530 Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-4925 (Tallahassee) KUYPER, Wilham Remote Sensing Engineer State Topographic Office Department of Transportation Haydon Bums Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-2168 (Tallahassee) LA PORTE, Susan SCORP Coordinator Delaware Department of Natural Resources P.O. Box 1401 Dover, Delaware 19901 (302) 678-4580 (Washington, D.C.) LLOYD, David Regional Planning Council 2225 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (301)383-3146 (Washington, D.C.) B-29 LOWE, Thomas Missouri River Basin Commission Suite 403 10050 Regency Circle Omaha, Nebraska 681 14 (402)397-5714 (Chicago) LYNN, Daniel Executive Director Piedmont Planning District Commission P.O. Box P 1021/2 High Street Farmville, Virginia 23901 (804)392-6105 (Washington, D.C.) MC CORMICK, Michael Washington State Planning and Community Affairs Agency 400 Capitol Center Building Olympia, Washington 98504 (206)753-1928 (Seattle) MC KAY, Charles Washington Department of Game P.O. Box 492 Bridgeport, Washington 98813 (509)686-2711 (Seattle) MILLER, Ray W. Forest Resource Analyst Oregon State Forestry Department 2600 State Street Salem, Oregon 97310 (503) 378-2664 (Seattle) O'NEILL, Albert J. Aide Massachusetts Legislature 30 Main Street South Saugus, Massachusetts 01906 (617)233-4500 (Washington, D.C.) PORTER, Alan Idaho Division of Economic Resources and Community Affairs Bureau of State Planning Idaho State House Boise, Idaho 83720 (208)334-3416 (Seattle) QUIMBY, John W. Forest Entomologist Department of Environmental Resources Bureau of Forestry of Pennsylvania 34 Airport Drive Middletown, Pennsylvania 17057 (717)783-2562 (Washington, D.C.) RADO, Bruce Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Room 414 19 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404)656-3214 (Tallahassee) REDDEN, J. Patrick Chief of Office of Heritage Delaware Department of Natural Resources P.O.Box 1401 Dover, Delaware 19901 (302) 678-4580 (Washington, D.C.) REINERT, George Resource Planning Division of Forestry ColUns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-6591 (Tallahassee) RIPPLE, Bill Executive Policy Analyst South Dakota State Planning Bureau Capital Building Pierre, South Dakota 57501 (605)773-3661 (Chicago) B-30 ROBERTS, Peter Division of Forestry 600 North Grand Avenue West Springfield, Illinois 62704 (217)785-8760 (Chicago) ROSEBOOM, Don Illinois State Water Survey Box 717 Peoria, Illinois 61652 (309)671-3196 (Chicago) SAUNDERS, Peter Hydrolic Engineer Soil Conservation Service Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 10026 Richmond, Virginia 23240 (804)771-2475 (Washington, D.C.) SCHUSTER, J. Eric Department of Natural Resources State of Washington Olympia, Washington 98534 (206)753-6183 (Seattle) SCOTT, Bob Deputy Commissioner Department of Natural Resources Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753-5338 (Seattle) TESSAR, Paul Remote Sensing Program Director National Conference of State Legislatures Suite 2300 1405 Curtis Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 623-6600 (Seattle) TREXLER, Dennis Geologist Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada Reno, Nevada 89557 (702)784-6691 (Albuquerque) VANG, Alfred State Geographer Division of Research and Statistical Services Suite 201 1028 Sumter Street Columbia, South Carolina 29801 (803) 758-3604 (Washington, D.C.) WARE, Jim Soil Scientist Soil Conservation Service Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 10026 Richmond, Virginia 23240 (804)771-2475 (Washington, D.C.) WEBSTER, Kirk B. Deputy Director Planning and Operations Swanee Water Management District P.O. Drawer K White Spring, Florida 32096 (904)397-2111 (Tallahassee) WEST, Francis New Mexico State Engineering Office Bataan Memorial Building Santa Fe, New Mexico 87503 (505) 827-2780 (Albuquerque) B-31 WHITSON, James Resource Planning Division of Forestry Collins Building Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904)488-6591 (Tallahassee) WICKES, Kate Administrative Assistant New Mexico Natural Resources Department The Villagra Building Santa Fe, New Mexico 87503 (505)827-5231 (Albuquerque) WISCHMEYER, Jim Governmental Analyst Executive O ffice of the Governor 404 Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32308 (904)488-1234 (Tallahassee) WOOD, Stearns Principal Planner Tacoma City Planning 9th Floor, Medical Arts Building Tacoma, Washington 98402 (206)593-4170 (Seattle) WORKMAN, Larry Tribal Forester Quinault Indian Nation P.O.Box 189 Taholah, Washington 98587 (206)276-8211 (Seattle) B-32 IV. Federal Government ADELMAN, Andrew Code 900 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-5677 (Washington, D.C.) ALFORD, WilHam Eastern Regional Satellite AppHcations Center/Code 902. 1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) ANGLIN, Richard L. Jet Propulsion Lab Mail Stop 506-418 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91103 (213)577-9362 (Washington, D.C.) AUSTIN, Thomas Eastern Regional SateUite Apphcations Center/Code 902. 1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) BALLARD, Stephen National Archives Washington, D.C. 20408 (202)724-1080 (Washington, D.C.) BARNETT, U. Reed Chief, Applications Project Branch NASA/PT-STA-2 Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 (305)867-3017 (Tallahassee) BENTON, Dr. George S. Associate Administrator Office of the Associate Administrator/ AA National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Rockville, Maryland 20852 (202) 377-5938 (Tallahassee, Seattle) BISONE, Edward Scientist Room3214/Code04/S62 Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D. C. 20233 (202) 763-5098 (Washington, D.C.) BIVINS, Royal Manager, Industrial Application Programs NASA Headquarters/Code ETD-6 600 Maryland Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-2244 (Washington, D.C.) BLAZQUEZ, Dr. Carlos H. Remote Sensing Investigator NASA/PT-STA-2 Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 (305)867-3017 (Tallahassee) BLEICHER, Michael Chief, Liaison & Special Projects Office of Energy Research Department of Energy GE 216, Forrestal Building Washington, D.C. 20585 (202)258-8949 (Washington, D.C.) BARRITT, Paul Manager, Interagency Affairs NASA Headquarters/Code LGW-2 600 Maryland Avenue S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-8432 (Washington, D.C.) B-33 BLEICHER, Samual A. Deputy General Counsel Room 5814 A National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. 20230 (202) 377-3043 (Washington, D.C.) BLODGET, H.W. Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8997 (Washington, D.C.) BRACKEN, Peter Associate Chief, Information Extraction NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) CANNEY, Heyward Program Analyst OSI/NESS/NOAA Satellite Center Federal Building 4, Room 3010 Suitland, Maryland 20233 (301)763-5098 (Washington, D.C.) CARPENTER, John National Ocean Survey National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 1 80 1 Fairview Avenue East Seattle, Washington 98102 (206) 442-4764 (Seattle) CARTER, W.D. Geologist U.S. Geological Survey/Mail Stop 730 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703) 860-7873 (Washington, D.C.) BREEDEN, Eari Photo Interpreter Bureau of Land Management Department of the Interior 350 South Pickett Street Alexandria, Virginia 22304 (703) 235-2866 (Washington, D.C.) BROOM, Kari NFAC (National Foreign Assessment Center)/CIA 1225 Ames Center Building Washington, D.C. 20505 (703)351-3447 (Washington, D.C.) BRUNEEL, Larry Management Assistant Energy & Minerals Division U.S. General Accounting Office Columbia Plaza, Room W634 2401 E Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20240 (202)254-7391 (Washington, D.C.) CARUSO, Charles Soil Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 2007 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 (505) 766-3277 (Albuquerque) CHRISTIAN, Paul Code MB/PB2 Washington Science Center 5 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8956 (Washington, D.C.) COLLINS, Brian U.S. Forest Service 1601 - 2nd Avenue Seattle, Washington 98101 (206) 442-4596 (Seattle) B-34 COLLUM, James Chief, Cartographic Branch National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Code C- 183 600 1 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8281 (Washington, D.C.) CONRAD, Allan G. Manager, Stereo Satellite Project Jet Propulsion Lab 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, CaHfomia 91103 (213)354-3327 (Washington, D.C.) COTTER, Daniel, Jr. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pulaski Building/DAEN-CWO-E Washington, D.C. 20314 (202)272-0251 (Washington, D.C.) CRESSY, Phihp Head, Eastern Regional Remote Sensing AppUcations Center/Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) COX, Willard F. c/o Congressman Don Fuqua 2268 Raybum House Office Building Washington, D.C. 20515 (202)225-5235 (Tallahassee) DALTON, John Head, Interactive Systems Development NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) DAY, Michael Chief, Vertical Branch National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/C 1 82 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8281 (Washington, D.C.) DE NOYER, John Research Geophysicist U.S. Geological Survey/Stop 95 1 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703) 860-6663 (Washington, D.C.) DEWEY, Jack D. Hydrologist/U.S. Geological Survey P.O. Box 26659 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125 (505)766-2810 (Albuquerque) DIAMANTE, John Technical Advisor/Tides & Water Level National Ocean Survey National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/C23 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville. Maryland 20852 (301)443-8254 (Washington, D.C.) DYER, John Budget Examiner Office of Management & Budget 726 Jackson Place, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20503 (202) 395-3304 (Washington, D.C.) EDDLEMAN, David J. Chief, Operations/National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/W 1 3 8060 13th Street Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 (301)427-7784 (Washington, D.C.) ERLANDSON, John U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box C-3755 Seattle, Washington 98134 (206)764-3535 (Seattle) ' . B-35 ERNST, John Spacecraft Oceanography Group/NESS National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/S3 x 1/Room 810 Washington, D.C. 20233 (202) 763-8087 (Washington, D.C.) ESTESS, RoyS. NASA/NSTL Earth Resources Lab, Building 1 100 NSTL Station, Mississippi 39529 (601)688-2042 (Tallahassee) FITCH, David Allan Staff Attorney National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 2001 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Room 280 Washington, D.C. 20235 (202) 254-8350 (Washington, D.C.) FRYE, Sheila Program Assistant National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Department of Commerce, Room 5807 14th & Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 (202)377-1400 (Washington, D.C.) FUQUA, The Honourable Don U.S. Congressman 2268 Raybum House Office Building U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515 (202)225-5235 (Tallahassee) GABY, Donald Manager, Satelhte Field Service Stations National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Department of Commerce Room 619 1320 South Dixie Highway Coral Gables, Florida 33146 (305)350-4310 (Tallahassee) GAOWARD, Dr. Samuel Goddard Institute for Space Studies 2880 Broadway New York, New York 10025 (212)678-5603 (Washington, D.C.) GERVIN, Janet Eastern Regional Satellite Applications Center Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) GIBBS, Sharon National Archives Washington, D.C. 20408 (202)724-1080 (Washington, D.C.) GITELMAN, Joseph J. Systems Analyst Code 402 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7889 (Washington, D.C.) GOLDBERG, Stan Government/Industry Affairs NASA Headquarters/Code LG Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-8429 (Washington, D.C.) GRAYBEAL, Kenneth U.S. Army Corps of Engineers P.O. Box C-3755 Seattle, Washington 98124 (206) 674-3734 (Seattle) GREEN, Kenneth Smithsonian Institution National Zoo Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 636-7289 (Washington, D.C.) B-36 GREGG, George National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration P.O. Box 9025 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87119 (505) 243-0702) (Albuquerque) GUSS, Philip Chairman, Extraterrestrial Surveying and Mapping Committee Survey & Mapping Division U.S. Geological Survey 507 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703) 860-6508 (Washington, D.C.) GUTIERREZ, Alberto A. National Park Service Department of the Interior P.O. Box 26176 RSD Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125 (505)277-4165 (Albuquerque) HEMPHILL, WilUam EROS Program Mail Shop 730 U.S. Geological Survey 1925 Newton Square East Reston, Virginia 22090 (703) 860-7000, ext. 7881 (Washington, D.C.) HENDERSON, Joseph Code MB/PB 2 Washington Science Center 5 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8626 (Washington, D.C.) HENDRICKSON, Wilham National Park Service Department of the Interior 1 100 North Mineral Springs Road Porter, Indiana 46304 (219)879-8191 (Chicago) HOLMES, Richard Code 563.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20772 (301)344-8069 (Washington, D.C.) HORN, Frank W., Jr. NASA/Code PT-STA-2 Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899 (305)867-3017 (Tallahassee) HORNSTEIN, Rhoda Program Manager Code TX NASA Headquarters Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-2430 (Washington, D.C.) HORNSTEIN, Robert Program Manager Code TN NASA Headquarters Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-2430 (Washington, D.C.) HUDSON, Jeanne Program Analyst National Science Foundation Room 428 1800 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20550 (202) 632-4378 (Washington, D.C.) HUGHES, Mary Program Assistant Applications Division National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. 20233 (202) 763-8282 (Washington, D.C.) B-37 HULL, Arthur Meteorologist/National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Room 708 1 700 West Lake Avenue Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 284-6236 (Seattle) HUNING, James Jet Propulsion Lab Mail Stop 506-418 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91 103 (213)577-9358 (Albuquerque) HUSSEY, W. John National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Room 3020 Federal Building 4 Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-2582 (Washington, D.C.) JACKSON, Thomas Bonneville Power Administration Department of Energy Mail Stop ETLL P.O. Box 3621 Portland, Oregon 97208 (503) 234-3361, ext. 4645 (Seattle) JOHNSON, David S. Director, National Environmental Satellite Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Room 2069 Federal Building 4 Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)377-1485 (Seattle) KENNEY, William Landsat Project Operations Director NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20770 (301)344-6008 (Washington, D.C.) KERBER, Arlene Eastern Regional Satellite Applications Center Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) KLINGENSMITH, L.C. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Main Commerce Building Room 6 1 20 14th & Constitution, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 (202)377-1400 (Washington, D.C.) KOLF, Dr. Richard Head, Technology & Commercial Development National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8977 (Washington, D.C.) KRIMMEL, Robert U.S. Geological Survey 1201 Pacific Avenue Tacoma, Washington 98402 (206) 593-6502 (Seattle) KULAWIEC, Matthew National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 7700 West Lake Avenue, Room 708 Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 284-6236 (Seattle) LEE, Rosetta Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 20505 (301)894-5724 (Washington, D.C.) B-38 I LEESE, Dr. John Deputy Director Office of Operations OZ/Sl X 1 Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-7289 (Washington, D.C.) LOVE, John Chief, Horizontal Branch National Oceanic & Atmospheric Adminstration/C 181 Department of Commerce 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8281 (Washington, D.C.) LUCY, Denise Claire Code LID- 18 NASA International Affairs 400 Maryland Avenue Washington, D.C. 20546 (202)755-3880 (Washington, D.C.) LUDWIG, Dr. George Director, Operations Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-2430 (Washington, D.C.) LUMB, Dale R. NASA/ Ames Research Center Moffet Field, California 94035 (415)965-5900 (Seattle) LUTZ, Jeffrey Room 8742, INR/RGE U.S. Department of State Washington, D.C. 20520 (202)632-1428 (Washington, D.C.) LYNCH, Dr. Thomas Assistant Chief, Project Coordination NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) MACK, Elizabeth Physical Scientist National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Stop E Federal Building 4 Suitland, Maryland 20233 (301)763-2517 (Washington, D.C.) MALACHI, John OSPA Deputy Project Manager/Resources NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20770 (301)344-6008 (Washington, D.C.) MANNING, Clarence Field Underwriter Director Federal Crop Insurance Administration U.S. Department of Agriculture Lincoln Towers Plaza Building Suite 675 524 South 2nd Street Springfield, Illinois 62701 (217)492-4186 (Chicago) MARMELSTEIN, Allan Project Leader U.S. Fish and WildHfe Service Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 (202)634-4910 (Washington, D.C.) MARTIN, J. Kenneth Civil Engineering Technician Soil Conservation Service Box 2007 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87103 (505)766-3277 (Albuquerque) B-39 MATSON, Michael Physical Scientist Room 810 World Weather Building National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS/ESG Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-8036 (Washington, D.C.) MAY, Thomas National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Box 9025 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87119 (FTS) 474-2170 (Albuquerque) MEADE, Helen National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. 20230 (202)377-1400 (Washington, D.C.) MERCANTI, Dr. Enrico Code 402 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 2077 1 (301)344-7560 (Washington, D.C.) MERRY, Marilyn Cartotechnician Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic-Topographic Center Home: 4867 St. Barnabas Road, Apt. T3 Temple Hills, Maryland 2003 1 (301)894-6147 (Washington, D.C.) MEYERS, Herbert Chief, Solid Earth Geophysics Division NGSDC/D62 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Boulder, Colorado 80303 (303)499-1000, ext. 6521 (Albuquerque) MICHAEL, James Flight Operations Manager Code 513 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7811 (Washington, D.C.) MIDDLETON, Betsy Eastern Regional Satellite AppHcations Center/Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) MILLER, Dr. Donald B. Room 3010 Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)248-4489 (Washington, D.C.) MOHAN, Dr. Kslitij Energy & Science Division Office of Management & Budget Room 8001 New Executive Office Building Washington, D.C. 20503 (202) 395-3806 (Washington, D.C.) MOONEYHAN, Darden Director, Earth Resources Laboratory NASA/National Space Technology Lab NSTL Station, Mississippi 39529 (601)688-3326 (Albuquerque) MORRISON, Foster Geodetic Research & Development Laboratory CodeOA-C12 National Ocean Survey National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8423 (Washington, D.C.) B-40 i MOULTON, Captain David Instructor TSDMC Defense Mapping School Ft. Belvoir, Virginia 22060 (703) 664-2978 (Washington, D.C.) MOWLE, Edward Chief, Geostation Group Room 3010 ■ Federal Building 4 Department of Commerce National Oceanic & Atmospheric ,; Administration/NESS Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-5098 (Washington, D.C.) MUCKERHERN, Dr. Nancy Research Associate Smithsonian Institution Home: 4104 South End Road Rockville, Maryland 20853 (202)381-7247 (Washington, D.C.) NORMAN, Susan D. Manager, Technology Transfer WRAP NASA/Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 95104 (415)965-5897 (Albuquerque) NYQUIST, Maurice Chief, Remote Sensing National Park Service Department of the Interior P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 (303)234-4527 (Albuquerque) OWEN, Dr. Thomas Assistant Adminstrator for Oceanic & Atmospheric Services National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington Science Center 5, Room 908 6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8110 (Seattle) PARK, John Resisdent Research Associate Code 913 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbek, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7611 (Washington, D.C.) PAUL, Dr. Charles Manager, Remote Sensing Program Office of Science and Technology Agency for International Development Washington, D.C. 20523 (703)235-9166 (Washington, D.C.) PICHEL, WiUiam G. Product Area Leader, Oceanographic Products S123 Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-2700 (Washington, D.C.) PLACE, John Geographer U.S. Geological Survey Mail Shop 710 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703) 860-6345 (Washington, D.C.) POHL, Russell Chief, Data Production Branch EROS Data Center U.S. Geological Survey Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 (605) 594-65 ll,ext. 142 (Albuquerque) POPHAN, Robert W. Coordinator, Direct Readout Services Room 711 World Weather Building National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/NESS Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-8062 (Washington, D.C.) B-41 POTTER, Thomas D. Director, Environmental Data & Information Service Room 547 Page Building 2 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20235 (202)634-7319 (Washington, D.C.) PRITCHARD, John Meteorologist Room 703 B National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 5200 Auth Road Camp Springs, Maryland 20233 (301)763-8403 (Washington, D.C.) PUERNER, Jack H. Chief, Special Projects Room 3301 Federal Building 4 Washington, D.C. 20233 , . , (202) 763-2724 (Washington, D.C.) QUANN, John Chief, Information Extraction Division NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) RAMAPRIYAN, H.K. Eastern Regional Satellite Applications Center Code 902. 1 NASA/Goddard Space FHght Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-7658 (Washington, D.C.) RASMUSSEN, James NFAC (National Foreign Assessment Center)/CIA Home: 325 Sherwood Drive Vienna, Virginia 22180 (703) 938-2479 (Washington, D.C.) REESE, Delores B. Technology Information Officer Room 555/D x 8 Page Building 2 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20235 (202)653-5952 (Washington, D.C.) RISLEY, Edward Natural Resrouces Specialist BLM - 200A Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 (202) 343-3663 (Washington, D.C.) ROBINOVE, Charles J. Geologist U.S. Geological Survey 1925 Newton Square East Reston, Virginia 22090 (703)861-7880 (Washington, D.C.) ROBINSON, John Smithsonian Institution National Zoo Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 628-4422 (Washington, D.C.) ROSSOMONDO, Frank Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 20505 (703)351-2097 (Washington, D.C.) RANEY, Dr. William P. Assistant Associate Administrator for Soace Space & Terrestrial Apphcations NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-4826 (Washington, D.C.) B-42 RUSCHA, Charles Meteorologist National Weather Service National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 1 700 West Lake Avenue North Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 442-5498 (Seattle) SCHMITT, The Honourable Harrison H. U.S. Senator 248 Russell Office Building United States Senate Washington, D.C. 20510 (202)224-5521 (Albuquerque) SCHNEIDERMAN, Dan Manager, Earth Observation Program Jet Propulsion Lab 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91103 (213)354-2992 (Washington, D.C.) SCHWARTZ, Lorin P. Branch Chief, Bureau of Land Management U.S. Department of the Interior Building 50/D234 Denver Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225 (303)234-6730 (Albuquerque) SCOTT, Owen U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 536 South Clark Street Chicago, Illinois 60605 (312)353-4333 (Chicago) SEIDENSTICKER, John Smithsonian Institution National Zoo Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)628-4422 (Washington, D.C.) SHIPP, Bob G. NFAC (National Foreign Assessment Center)/CIA Home: 7916 Sycamore Drive Falls Church, Virginia 22042 (703)351-6306 (Washington, D.C.) SHORT, Nicholas M. Code 902.1 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-5515 (Washington, D.C.) SILVERMAN, Joseph System Planning Group Room 3010 Federal Building 4 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-5098 (Washington, D.C.) SIMON, Lawrence J. Environmental Analyst Jet Propulsion Lab Mail Stop 506 418 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91103 (213)577-9299 (Albuquerque) SLAGLE, Linda Geographer Bureau of Land Management Department of the Interior 350 South Pickett Alexandria, Virginia 22304 (703) 235-2866 (Washington, D.C.) SMITH, Paul Head, Information Management Branch NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (703) 344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) B-43 SOLLER, Donald State Resident Cartographer U.S. Geological Survey, Suite 600 1 20 1 Pacific Avenue Tacoma, Washington 98402 (206)593-6510 (Seattle) SOUSA, Sue (T.M.) Exhibits Coordinator U.S. Geological Survey/Mail Stop 708 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703)860-6981 (Washington, D.C.) SPENCER, John Director, National Geodetic Information Center National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/C 18 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301) 433-8281 (Washington, D.C.) - .■: SPOHN, Dr. Chfford A. Deputy Director, National Environmental Satellite Service Federal Building 4, OA/S x 1 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-7190 (Albuquerque) STEVENS, Alan R. Acting Chief, National Cartographic Information Center U.S. Geological Survey 507 National Center Reston, Virginia 22092 (703)860-6187 (Washington, D.C.) STONE, Richard LGW-2 NASA Headquarters Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-8452 (Washington, D.C.) STROUD, WiUiam Chief, Advisory Planning Staff NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8400 (Washington, D.C.) SUT^QUIST, Fiona Smithsonian Institution National Zoo Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 628-4422 (Washington, D.C.) SUNQUIST, Mel Smithsonia Institution National Zoo Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 628-4422 (Washington, D.C.) TAGGE, Raymond C. National Archives Home: 2123 Rampart Drive Alexandria, Virginia 22308 (202)655-4000 (Washington, D.C.) TARANIK, Dr. James V. Chief, Non-Renewable Resource Branch Branch Office of Space & Terrestrial AppUcations Code ERS-2 NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-3752 (Chicago) TUYAHOV, Alexander J. Chief, Space Apphcations Branch NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-8653 (Washington, D.C.) VAETH, J. Gordon Director, Office of Systems Engineering Federal Building 4/OA-S2 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Washington, D.C. 20233 (301)763-5166 (Washington, D.C.) I B-44 VAN WIE, Peter Head, Systems Development Section NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 (301)344-8834 (Washington, D.C.) WALSH, James P. Deputy Administrator Office of the Deputy Administration/DA National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Rockville, Maryland 20852 (202) 377-3436 (Washington, D.C.) WATKINS, Allen Chief, Aerospace Center EROS Data Center U.S. Geological Survey Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198 (605) 594-651 l,ext. 123 (Seattle) WEBER, J.D. Code ETS-6 NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-7450 (Washington, D.C.) WEINSTEIN, Richard Manager, Regional Remote Sensing Apphcations Programs Mail Code ETS-6 NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-7450 (Washington, D.C.) WELCH, James Deputy Director Resource Observation Division Code ER-2 NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-8458 (Washington, D.C.) WELLIVER, Dennis Legislation & PubHc Affairs Federal Crop Insurance Corporation Department of Agriculture South Agricultural Building, 4603 14th & Independence Avenue Washington, D.C. 20250 (202) 447-3287 (Washington, D.C.) WELLMAN, John Jet Propulsion Lab Mail Stop 11-111 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena, California 91 103 (213)354-4321 (Washington, D.C.) WHITE, Kim General Counsel National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Room 227 6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852 (301)443-8066 (Seattle, Tallahassee) WORK, Edward Physical Scientist Bureau of Land Management U.S. Department of the Interior Building 50/D234 Denver Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225 (303) 234-6730 (Albuquerque) YOWELL, Jerry Manager NASA/Technology Applications Center University of New Mexico 2500 Central Southeast Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 (505) 277-3622 (Albuquerque) ZIMMERMAN, James NASA Headquarters 600 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20546 (202) 755-3880 (Washington, D.C.) B-45 V. Foreign AGNIHOTRI, C.L. Indian Meteorological Department Lodi Road New Delhi, India (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Hughes) (Washington, D.C.) CHEVREL, Michele Scientific Attache Frenche Embassy 2011 Eye Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 659-3550 (Washington, D.C.) KELKAR, Dr. Indian Meteorological Department Lodi Road New Delhi, India (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Huges) (Washington, D.C.) LEISTER, Valnora Assistant Brazilian Embassy 3006 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 797-0250 (Washington, D.C.) NEUSCHL, Stefan Head of Scientific Section Czechoslovak Embassy 3900 Linnean Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)363-6315 (Washington, D.C.) PAU, Louis Professor and Scientific Attache French Scientific Mission 2129 Wyoming Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 234-7960 (Washington, D.C.) 1 PRASAD, Dr. Indian Meteorological Department Lodi Road New Delhi, India (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Hughes) (Washington, D.C.) PRYKE, Ian European Space Agency (ESA) Washington Office Suite 1404 955 L'Enfant Plaza S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024 (202)488-4158 (Washington, D.C.) RADIL, Jiri Czechoslovak Embassy 3900 Linnean Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)363-6315 (Washington, D.C.) SHAW, Edward Canada Centre for Remote Sensing 2464 Sheffield Road Ontario, Canada KIA 0Y7 (613)993-0121 (Washington, D.C.) SINGH, Dr. Indian Meteorological Department Lodi Road New Delhi, India (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Hughes) (Washington, D.C.) SMITH, James Australian Embassy 1601 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202)797-3317 (Washington, D.C.) B-46 STROME, W. Murray Chief, Applications Division Canada Centre for Remote Sensing 2464 Sheffield Road Ottawa, Ontario Canada Kl A 0Y7 (613)995-1210 (Washington, D.C.) SZEKIELDA, Karl-Heinz United Nations New York, New York 10017 (212)754-8565 (Washington, D.C.) TIWARI, Dr. Indian Meteorological Department Lodi Road New Delhi, India (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Hughes) (Washington, D.C.) TOPLISS, B. Geological Survey of Canada P.O.Box 1006 Darmouth, Nova Scotia Canada (902)426-7730 (Washington, D.C.) VERMA, D. First Secretary, Space Embassy of India 2107 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202)667-0519 (Washington, D.C.) WANG, T.H. Aviation Forecaster Civilian Ministry Taiwan (202) 763-8282 (c/o Mary Hughes) (Washington, D.C.) WYLLIE, D.V. Assistant Counselor Defense Science Australian Embassy 1601 Massachusetts Avenue Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 797-3000 (Washington, D.C.) B-47 VI. NOAA/Land Remote Sensing Task Force Room 6124 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Main Commerce Building 14th & Constitution Avenues, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 (202) 377-1400 JOHNSON, David S. Director COTTER, Daniel ENSOR, George ESKITE, Wilbur H. Jr. HEACOCK, E. Larry NEISS, Herbert ' VII. Human Resources Management, Inc. (HRM) 1101 30th Street, N.W., Suite 301 Washington, D.C. 20007 (202)338-9071 (Conference Manager) DOUMANI, George Vice Present Technology Transfer BURKE, Maura DA VIA, Alan HABIB, Rhoda HARRIS, Alma O'BRIEN, Ruth PAQUETTE, Betty B-48 APPENDIX C LAND REMOTE SENSING NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE General Instructions for Completing Questionnaire NCAA would like to get your opinions on a number of matters pertaining to the current and future land remote sensing satellite program in the U.S. This, of course, will not be your only chance to offer suggestions, comments, and technical inputs to NCAA's planning process. However, this may be your best opportunity to influence the transition plan that is to be presented to the Office of Management and Budget on June 1, 1980. Responses from nonfederal data users are to be mailed to METRICS, INC., at the address specified below. These responses will be tabulated and statistically analyzed to provide data inputs for the transition plan. Responses from federal agencies may be mailed to your Federal Agency User Representative (list available) or to METRICS, INC. Federal responses mailed to METRICS, INC., will not be tabulated separately but will be forwarded to the appropriate agency contact. Most of the information requested pertains to the operational period which will begin about 1988. However, some questions specifically request information about the transition period which extends from now until 1987. Please answer the questions with data appropriate to the transition period or operational period as requested. The questionnaire is divided into two parts. We would appreciate your responding to both parts. If you choose to respond to only one part, please provide the data requested in Part I. Because of the detailed nature of the information requested, separate instructions are provided for Part I and for Part II. If you have any questions about completing the questionnaire, please contact one of the following: * G. WilUam Spann, METRICS, INC. (404) 955-1975 * Nancy J. Hooper, METRICS, INC. (404)955-1975 * Wilbur H. Eskite, NOAA (202) 377-1400 * George J. Ensor, NOAA (202) 377-1400 * Daniel J. Cotter, NOAA (202) 377-1400 If other agencies or organizations, which are not represented at this or another conference, wish to complete and return a questionnaire, they are welcome to do so. Simply copy the question- naire and accompanying instructions and pass them along. We do prefer, however, that for any individual agency or organization a unified response be prepared. PLEASE RETURN YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, BUT NO LATER THAN MAY 19, 1980, TO: METRICS, INC. 290 INTERSTATE NORTH SUITE 116 ATLANTA, GA 30339 C-1 LAND REMOTE SENSING NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE Instructions for Completing Part I The following instructions are provided to clarify specific questions as necessary. Reference to these instructions, to the attached sheet giving MSS and TM parameters, and to the hst of programmatic categories will assist you in completing the questionnaire. Question 3. You may list actual spectral requirements or, alternatively, you may refer to MSS and/or TM capabilities, plus any additional spectral regions such as radar, etc. Question 4. At present it is difficult, if not impossible, to have the Landsat system turned on over specific areas. In the future, this may not be so difficult. If this is important to you, please explain the nature of your needs. Question 7. These data should indicate the total numbers of film images and digital scenes that your organization used or caused to be used on your behalf. That is, you should include any data processed for you by NASA, universities, or value added services companies, etc. Universities, other R&D organizations, and value added services companies should indicate separately data used for their own purposes, if any. Question 10. Please estimate your data requirements to the best of your ability considering the current and future availabihty of MSS data and the future availability of TM data. For the purposes of responding to this question, assume that MSS prices will remain $200 per scene on computer compatible tapes. If the present pricing pohcy is followed, TM digital data (CCT's) are hkely to be $300-400 per scene. Questions 11 and 12. For the transition period, please indicate which portion of your data needs set forth in Question 10 it would be cost-effective to satisfy with satelhte data at higher prices. Enter the estimated number of scenes that will be purchased at each price level. Question 13. Recognizing that your data needs as well as the technological capabilities of satellites will change between now and 1988, please estimate, to the best of your ability, your data require- ments in the operational time period. For the purposes of this question, assume that data prices will remain $200 per scene on computer compatible tapes. Questions 14 and 15. As stated at the conferences, the price of land remote sensing satelhte data will increase in the future. Please indicate which portion of your data needs expressed in Question 13 it would be cost-effective to satisfy with satellite data at higher prices. Enter the estimated number of scenes that will be purchased at each price level. Questions 17 through 25. Responses to these questions will not be analyzed statistically. However, your responses to these questions will impact portions of the transition plan, continued user inter- actions with NCAA, and future federal poUcies toward the operational uses of land remote sensing satelhte data. Your opinions and suggestions will be given careful consideration in NCAA's planning process. C-2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER (MSS) AND THEMATIC MAPPER (TM) MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER (MSS) Spectral Bands: Spatial Resolution: Scene Size: 0.5 to 0.6 (j.m (green) 0.6 to 0.7 fjLm (red) 0.7 to 0.8 fjim (near-infrared) 0.8 to 1.1 |am (near-infrared) 80 meters 185x185 kilometers (100x100 nautical miles) THEMATIC MAPPER (TM) Spectral Bands: Spatial Resolution: Scene Size: 0.45 to 0.52 |j.m (blue-green) 0.52 to 0.60 fim (green) 0.63 to 0.69 (jtm (red) 0.76 to 0.90 ^m (near-infrared) 1.55 to 1.75 fim (near-infrared) 2.08 to 2.35 fjLm (near-infrared) 10.40 to 12.50 f^m (thermal infrared) 30 meters, except thermal infrared band has 120-meter resolution 185x185 kilometers (100x100 nautical miles) C-3 CO UJ oc O CD LU I- < o u I- < < C3 O OC a. C3 Z CO z LU CO H Z a O < H PJ O > W O z 2 < Oh _o -*— > O rs 150 Jl U U bn l-i > > o o u u c rt o 2> £ S -^ ^2 O (D o C/5 c ^ s g-s ^ «3 .5 c ^2 a> OS 1^ O ^ !Z^ C > ca C w ^ .— < '•'J ^ X" r- J-. o -^ -^ 3 .S CT3 O 1- "c C 3 =-1 > I c« > T3 C O I— ' O 03 '5b hC •2 ^ o ^ Ui — < >> 5 tr ^ c -4— » 03 > W 03 D< w HI OC o z < u o c > U-l 13 •T3 O CO c o CQ < o -t-> c > c 2 "a; c _o c o u c 'a, 13 3 -*— » 3 OS '55 c .2 'c/5 2 2 3 'o 2 a, a Q< Cl, •c op PJ 2 2 2 o 'o 'o 'o Qc; U u u U < OO V2 CZl .2 CS (D _3 > b > c o UJ o 4-> UJ 4-* 13 T3 c •o "3 O 0) c c t>n > 03 o 'q. cJ5 U U -4-> -t— ) <<-* 4-> C/3 on c^ IZI !U a> (U c I— ( o a> C 00 _o 0) > ■3 13 c i-< o 3 u 03 00 00 c c 03 03 ttJ oi c > UJ 13 'c — CLi 'q, X c ^ cd .^^ a; o CO U (^ D O CO PQ ei u 1-1 CQ < PJ z u-l Z o z W5 .2 CO Kl sa ;s E 3 o 13 o £ 5 2 o < •'-' ,- C o C/3 ^ >> <■£ logic dfon 00 3 rmal bota (U § X 3 o O Q 7; ^ n tu H QQ H z r?! < N Z < w Q Z o Z o C/D o DS u T, o ai Cm Z O H z o Minimum 5 Looks in Season All Scenes on Tape »3 l-l S H f2 Z o < S w 5 D z Z J uj zoo < > s 8 8 O o o o z 3 C/3 u < > u H u < CL. z S § O ^ O so ' •00 (N O CM 1— 1 o o o o V ^ o :::^ vo r- 00 '-J o Z o - o b ^ S tu I-) c_: CQ < PQ < OQ z 3 o 00 H W Z O W w cii si z o 1—4 u (Si O X X X Si- Q H X X X X z o 4 w ^ o ^ cm ^ Z o D O on gs H w on Z^ Si on W 3 H ^Z ^^ Z> s oi Hi H on 9 IX, X H O C-14 o o u H z o H H z < UJ N Q z < Z 2 oi w o »J a D Z UJ Z o C/3 H Z S o ANNUAL VOLUME (SCENES) - ■ - oo D < > w H < a: < IN- MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE •' ,. , - H O _ SIGNIFI- CANCE OF SATELLITE DATA ^ ■•- IZl w lai Z o S O la Q H - KEY PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS SPATIAL RESOLUTION (METERS) SPECTRAL REGIONS (MICROMETERS) o Z Eo z> W 00 1° o m a; UJ H oo 00 a; H O {, U, S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1980 311-046/124 C-15 PENN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES iiiilllllilliil ADDDD7DTmbSM