C S-/. 8 ■ TS3- PB-291 573 Selected Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries abstracts from the NTIS Data Files National Technical Information Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Selected Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries abstracts from the NTIS Data Files Issue Number 1 Prepared by National Technical Information Service Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Inc. for the U.S. Agency for International Development International Technical Information Network 50272-101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. REPORT NO. 3. Recipient's Accession No. PB 291 573 4. Title and Subtitle Selected Appropriate Technologies For Developing Countries (Abstracts from the NTIS Data File) 5. Report Date February . 1979 Editor: 8. Performing Organization Rept. No. Richard R. Garcia 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA) 3706 Rhode Island Ave. Mt. Rainier, MD 20822 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No. (C) (G) 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address National Technical Information Service 425 - 13th Street, NW, Suite 620 Washington, DC 20004 13. Type of Report & Period Covered 15. Supplementary Notes Report prepared as part of the A.I.D. sponsored International Technical Information Network program. (PASA # C2/LAR-0572-1-77) 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words) This bibliography is an edited search of "appropriate technology" citations from the NTIS Bibliographic Data File. Over 1000 citations with abstracts are included. Appropriate technology is defined as small-scale, employment -generating, and energy-conserving technologies relevant to the needs and resources of developing countries. Also, the concept implies a humanistic approach to problem solving and considers "soft technologies," such as education, health care delivery, and community development. 17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors b. identifiers/open-Ended Terms Appropriate technology; intermediate technology; community development; small-scale industry; natural resources; agriculture; aquaculture; food production; construction; developing country applications c. COSATI Field/Group 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This Report) Unclassified 20. Security Class (This Page) Unclassified 21. No. of Pages 201 22. Price A10 (See ANSI-Z39.18) See Instructions on Reverse II OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77) (Formerly NTIS-35) Department of Commerce CONTENTS Report Documentation Page II I ntroduction V About NTIS VII How To Use IX Abstracts 1 Subject Index 115 Corporate Author I ndex 157 Personal Author Index 175 Ordering Information 195 Local Agencies in USAID Technical Info. Network 197 Order Forms 201 III DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT WASHINGTON. DC. 20523 Dear Colleague: The Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean of the Agency for International Development is proud to introduce this first in a series of appropriate technology bibliographies produced by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) of the Department of Commerce. This publication, entitled Selected Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries , grows out of a regional project, "Science and Technology Information Transfer", and represents a cooperative effort by AID and NTIS with the collaboration of Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA). The purpose of the guide is to identify information on appropriate technology existing in the vast NTIS computerized data file. Technologies identified herein are small-scale, employment-generating and energy- conserving. We trust they will be found to be relevant to the needs and available resources of the poor of developing countries. All information listed is available through NTIS and will receive wide dissemination through the AID/NTIS international information network. We hope that you will find the bibliography a useful reference guide and that this information will contribute to the solving of local development problems in Latin America and the Caribbean. Sincerely, Marshall D. Brown Associate Assistant Administrator for Development Resources Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean About The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) is an agency within the United States Department of Commerce dedicated to the international exchange of scientific and technical information. It is the largest clearing- house and dissemination network of the U.S. Government-sponsored research and development, but it also draws upon other public and private information sources throughout the world. The NTIS collection exceeds 1 million titles, with over 1 50,000 documents from sources outside the Un- ited States. As a part of a new initiative to aid economic development, NTIS, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Agency for International Development, has become actively involved in the acquisition and dissemination of ap- propriate technology information for developing countries. This joint NTIS/AID international program already consists of a worldwide information network. Some 30 cooperating agencies in develop- ing countries around the world collect AT information, put the documents into the NTIS system, and use NTIS services to meet their own develop- ment needs. NTIS network has become a major clearinghouse for the two- way flow of appropriate technology information; a worldwide sharing of technical information which will continue to grow in the future. NTIS operates as a public service to store and channel technical informa- tion appropriate to the user needs. Information in the public domain is collected and stored. Bibliographic data are maintained on-line and com- prehensive listings of all documents in the NTIS collection are printed. The public may quickly locate summaries of interest using on-line search or by consulting various published searches prepared by information specialists at NTIS. The desired documents (in full text) can then be ordered in paper- copy or microfiche by filling out the appropriate request form. NTIS is obligated by the U.S. Congress to recover its operating costs from the sale of documents. The storage and distribution of the technical in- formation is a self-supporting public service, sustained by its national and international customers. Please consult the order form in the back of this publication for complete ordering information. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/selectedappropriOOunit HOW TO USE Abstract Entry Order/accession number. — This number must be used order NTIS products to Corporate author ■ PB-239 100/1CP PCA12/MFA01- 1 Bechtel, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Path to Self-Sufficiency Directions and Con-, stralnts. Appendices Final rept. on Phase 1 . Aug 74, 267p* Rept no. BECHTEL-10900-74-43- l-App Grant NSF-C867 Keywords — used for indexi and searching ngJ « Descriptors: 'Energy supplies, 'Computer pro- rams, Crude oil, Natural gas, Coal, Oil shale, ranium. Thorium, Bituminous sands, Hydroelectric power generation, Geothermal prospecting, Solar energy conversion, Wastes, Systems analysis, Systems engineering, Capitalized costs, Fossil fuel deposits, Trans- portation, Planning, Forecasting, Algorithms, Flow charting, Mathematical models, FOR- TRAN. A computer program that calculates resource' requirements and summarizes results for any fuel mix is presented. The program tabulates an annual schedule of required facilities to be brought on-line and attendant annual schedules of capital (2 classes), manpower (4 types), and materials (9 categories) require- ments. The model is exercised for two likely fuel mixes and the implications in terms of an- ticipated capital, manpower, and materials con- straints are discussed. ■Price codes: PC means paper copy; MF, microfiche. Consult current code-price table for ac- tual prices. 1 — Title of document •Abstract of document Subject Index Entry Subject Term.— These are arranged in alphabetical se- quence in the Index • ENERGY SUPPLIES Energy System Network Simulator (ESNS). li. A. User's Guide BNL-20979 9B Path to Self-Sufficiency Directions and Con- straints PB-239 099/5CP Path to Self-Sufficiency Directions and Con- straints. Appendices PB-239 100/1CP 21 D An Economic Analysis of Declining Petroleum Supplies in Texas: Income, Employment. Tax and Production Effects as Measured by Input-Output and Supply-Demand Simulation Models PB-243 320/9CP 08I -Title ■Order number. Documents in the abstract section are se- quenced alphanumerically by this number. Corporate Author Index Entry Corporate author Order/accession number- ■ BECHTEL. INC., SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. BECHTEL-1 0900-74-43-1 Path to Self-Sufficiency Directions and Con- straints — PB-239 099/5CP -Title 21D BECHTEL-10900-74-43-l-App Path to Self-Sufficiency Directions and Con- straints. Appendices PB-239 100/1CP 21D IX SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES AD-A002 212/9 PC A02/MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif Fuel from Organic Matter Possibilities for the State of California Doris J. Dugas. Oct 73, 20p Rept no. P-5107 Descriptors: "Energy conversion, 'California, * Fuels, Methane, Organic materials, Forests, Farm crops, Wastes(lndustrial), Solid wastes, Urban areas, Quantities, Cost estimates, Industries, Food processing, Lumber, Sewage, identifiers: Agricultural wastes, Waste disposal, 'Solid waste disposal, Refuse. This study investigates the amounts of organic ma- terial that might be made available for energy pur- poses in the State of California, its potential fuel value, and the estimated cost. Sources of organic material that are considered are: (1) crops grown specifically for energy, (2) natural forests, and (3) wastes from the urban, agricultural, and industrial sectors. AD-A003 909/9 PC E02/MF A01 Navai Research Lab Washington D C Corrosion of Metals In Tropical Environments: Part 10 • Final Report of Sixteen-Year Expo- sures Final rept. C. R. Southwell, and J. D. Bultman. 2 Jan 75, 41 Rept no. NRL-7834 See also Part 9, AD-687 705. Descriptors: 'Corrosion, 'Tropical tests, Sea water, Fresh water, Tables(Data). A comprehensive long-term investigation of corro- sion of 52 metals immersed in seawater and in fresh water, suspended at mean-tide level, and ex- posed to marine and inland tropical atmospheres has been completed for exposure periods of up to 16 years. A series of reports on specific metal groups has already been published. This is a final report on the project; it presents tabulated results for all metal-environment combinations included in the study, both for simple plates and bimetallic couples. Many of these are previously unreported data. Time-corrosion curves for all single-metal ex- posures not previously reported on to completion are included; these are for 16 wrought and cast ferrous metals in two atmospheres and 7 nonfer- rous metals in all five environments. Because of their basic value for comparing corrosiveness of environments and for evaluating effectiveness of alloys, curves for all the commercially pure metals are presented for all five environments. The final steady-state corrosion rate is a most useful value for estimating expected metal life; this value (R sub c) has been established for most metals in each environment and is included with all curves and tabulated data. AD-A004 254/9 PC A05/MF A01 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CaKf Factors Effecting the Fatigue Strength of Ferro-Cement Master's thesis David P. Sargent, Jr. Dec 74, 89p Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Fatigue(Mechanics), Wire, Orientation(Direction), Impregnation, Cements, Fatigue tests(Mechanics), Stresses, Theses. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement. Ferro-cement is a composite material consisting of multiple layers of wire mesh impregnated with a cement mortar. Steel rods may be sandwiched in the center to give added strength, and to shape the mesh before application of the mortar. Selec- tion of materials can vary considerably. Investiga- tion of the influence of wire orientation on the fa- tigue strength of ferro-cement was undertaken in this study. Tests were also conducted to determine the effect on fatigue life of voids in the specimens caused by poor penetration of the mortar. AD-A008 453/3 PC A04/MF A01 Asian Inst of Tech Bangkok (Thailand) The Reclamation of Drinking Water from Sewage Annual rept. 1 Jan-31 Dec 72 M. G. McGarry. 4 Feb 75, 74p ARDG(FE)-472-2 Grant DA-RDRF-S92-544-72-G181 Descriptors: 'Water treatment, 'Drinking water, 'Water reclamation, Waste water, Arid land. Nitro- gen, Algae, Photosynthesis, Activated carbon, Fil- tration, Thailand. Identifiers: 'Waste water reuse, Potable water, Chemical removal(Water treatment), Harvesting of algae, Aeration ponds, Lagoons(Ponds), Activated carbon treatment, Water pollution control. Indirect reuse of wastewaters in drinking water supplies is common practice in industrialized states today. The investigations reported upon have been directed towards improvements upon existing techniques more applicable to the tropical and savanna developing country. High costs and technical difficulties have been encountered in the removal of nitrogen and low level organics. In this study, investigations have been conducted into ni- trogen stripping by photosynthetic algal growth, using the nitrogen as a nutrient with subsequent algae harvest from ponds, and low level organics reduction by (a) powdered activated carbon treat- ment and (b) semi-rapid filtration. Several process- es including high rate treatment oxidation ponds, dissolved air flotation, roughing filtration, photo- synthetic nitrogen stripping ponds, powdered acti- vated carbon adsorption, dual-media filtration and chlorination were developed and specifically ap- plied to domestic wastewater reclamation for drinking water. These were incorporated into two process streams, one using activated carbon for low level organics removal and the other semi- rapid filtration. AD-A010 976/9 PC A03/MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif A Housing Services Policy for Low-Income Urban Families In Underdeveloped Countries Georges Vernez. Dec 74, 26p Rept no. P-5328 Descriptors: 'Housing(Dwellings), 'Underdevel- oped areas, 'Nations, Marketing, Policies, Con- struction, Urban areas, Finance, Management planning and control, Classification. Identifiers: 'Developing countries, 'Squatter com- munities, Services, Low income families. Housing policies for urban low-Income families in underdeveloped countries have typically stressed the public supply of fully serviced standard housing units, but these policies are mostly unsuccessful. In practice, a large proportion of the demand for shelter has been overflowing into so-called squat- ter settlements that are developing at the periph- ery of most large sized cities of the emerging na- tions. The paper discusses a housing services policy which promises to be effective for these families. The financial component of the policy is studied. AD-A013 482/5 PC A05/MF A01 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif The Effects of Precycling on the Strength of Ferrocement Master's thesis Earle Stanley Babcock. Jun 75, 90p Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Fatigue(Mechanics), Fatigue tests(Mechanics), Wire, Stresses, Cyclic tests, Tensile properties, Bending stress, Theses. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement. Ferrocement is a composite material made up of cement mortar reinforced with a mesh of steel wire. Its non-homogeneity results in material char- acteristics which are peculiarly its own. In this study, the ferrocement specimens tested varied in the type of wire reinforcement used, as well as in the water content of the mortar. Stress versus cycles to failure curves were developed, and com- parisons were made between the curves of differ- ent types of specimens. Bending and tensile strength tests were conducted after cyclic loading in order to gain insights on the effects of precy- cling. Finally, some comparisons were made which related the data from this thesis to that of several preceding studies. AD-A015 426/0 PC A08/MF A01 Army Tropic Test Center Apo New York 09827 Materiel Testing in the Tropics 4th ed. Jun 75, 167p Rept no. USATTC-7503001 Descriptors: 'Environmental tests, 'Tropical re- gions, 'Materiel, Handbooks, Degradation, Cli- mate, Computerized simulation, Geology, Vegeta- tion, Biodeterioration, Herbicides, Elastomers, Plastics, Textiles, Electronic equipment, Optical equipment, Leather, Acoustics, Human factors en- gineering, Seismology, Radio transmission, Ground vehicles, Panama. Identifiers: Canal zone. The US Army Tropic Test Center (USATTC) pre- sents the 1 975 update of Tropic Environmental Ef- fects, retitled Materiel Testing in the Tropics. The handbook is a compendium of the US Army's ex- perience in testing equipment in the humid tropics. Sources of information are tropic materiel tests, test methodology investigations, personal experi- ences, open literature, Department of Defense re- ports, and voluntary contributions from many sci- entists and engineers outside of USATTC. The document is the US Army's unofficial corporate memory of tropic materiel testing. Topics covered include the Panama Canal Zone environment, his- tory of tropic tests, degrading environmental fac- tors, materiel degradation, tropic reliability and maintainability, vehicular mobility testing, sound, visibility, and radio propagation, human factors en- gineering, working in the jungle, man-pack protabi- lity and computerized test site selection methods. AD-A026 264/2 PC A08/MF A01 Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio Solid Waste Management - Tomorrow's Alter- natives in the Urban-Rural Environment MsstGr's th@sis Ronald J. Weeden. 1975, 161p Rept no. AFIT-CI- 76-44 Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Management plan- ning and control, Regulations, Legislation, Materi- als recovery, Economic analysis, Collecting meth- ods, Shredding, Incinerators, Fuels, Packaging, Theses. Identifiers: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste recy- cling, Waste transfer stations, Sanitary landfills, Composts. Solid wastes collection and disposal problems are enormous and inadequacies are not only polluting our land, air, and water, but are precipitating social, economic, and political problems as well. It is as- sumed that any design for solid waste manage- ment must include resource recovery as an inte- gral part of the system, but only within the limits of cost/benefit advantages and, equally important, within the limits of developing markets for recov- ered materials. Viable alternatives are document- ed for solving the immediate problem and integrat- ing the capability for conserving precious re- sources by enhancing the following objectives: (1) Improve efficiencies; (2) Enhance satisfaction; (3) Increase local knowledge and information; and, (4) Economically recover and process materials. AD-A029 823/2 PC A02/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburq Miss Research and Development of Fiber-Rein- forced Concrete in North America Final rept. George C. Hoff. Feb 74, 19p Rept no. WES-MP- C-74-3 Presented at Symposium on Concrete Research and Development (1970-1973) Sep 73, Sydney, Australia. Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Concrete, 'Fiber reinforcement, Reinforcing materials, Steel, Glass, Plastics, Fibers, Spallation, Impact strength, Flexural properties, Metal fibers, Glass fibers, Glass textiles. Identifiers: Mortars(Material), Ferrocement. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) in North America is emerging from the laboratory and is finding many potential applications. Steel, glass, and plas- tic fibers are being used in mortars and concretes 1 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES to improve the characteristics of these materials, particularly the flexural and impact strengths. Steel-FRC is being used mostly for pavement overlays. Glass-fiber-reinforced cements are being used in architectural products. Plastic-fiber-rein- forced products are being used for improved spall and impact resistance. The applications of FRC are limited only by the ingenuity of the user. (Author) AD-A029 842/2 PC A02/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Miscellaneous paper Helmuth G. Geymayer, and Frank B. Cox. Jan 70, 19p Rept no. WES-MP-C-70-2 See also Rept. no. AEWES-TR-C-69-C-1 dated Feb 69, AD-685 824. Descriptors: 'Concrete, 'Reinforced concrete, •Reinforcing materials, 'Fiber reinforcement, Bonding, Deformation, Shrinkage, Flexural strength, Cracking(Fracturing), Deflection, Strength(Mechanics). Identifiers: "Bamboo. Military construction activities in Southeast Asia have caused renewed interest in bamboo rein- forcement and an investigation of the use of bamboo as expedient reinforcement for concrete was begun at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. The more important results and conclusions are summarized here. AD-A032 835/1 PC A06/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Expedient Reinforcement for Concrete for Use In Southeast Asia. Report 3. Additional Tests of Bamboo Frank B. Cox, and James F. McDonald. Dec 70, 101p Rept no. WES-TR-C-69-3-3 See also Report 2, AD-706 846. Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Reinforcing materials, Plants(Botany), Preparation, Loads(Forces). Identifiers: 'Bamboo, 'Bamboo reinforcement. This report summarizes the to-date (October 1 969) results of a current WES study on the feasibility of using bamboo as an expedient reinforcement for temporary reinforced concrete structures. The report contains the results of an investigation of the most important engineering properties of an Asian species of bamboo (Phyllostachys bambu- soides or Madake), some additional properties (since the publication of Report 1 ) obtained for the local Mississippi cane (Arundinaria tecta), descrip- tion of short-time static tests conducted on 14 beams, description of tests of two beams subject- ed to sustained loading, conclusions, and tenta- tive, to-date recommendations for the design of bamboo-reinforced members. AD-A036 072/7 PC A08/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Proceedings, Research Planning Conference on the Aquatic Plant Control Program. 22-24 October 1975, Charleston, S. C Final rept. Dec 76, 160 Rept no. WES-MP-A-76-1 Descriptors: 'Weed control, 'Aquatic weeds, 'Herbicides, 'Biological control, Aquatic plants, Conferences, State law, Pathogenic materials, Fishes, Streams, Inland waterways, Lakes, Aquatic organisms, Microorganisms, Water hyacinth, Rubber, Biodeterioration, Release mechanisms, Subtropical regions, United States, South America, Mexico. Identifiers: White amur fishes, 2-4-D herbicides, Silvex, 'Biological weed control. Partial Contents: Status of Classification of Aquatic Herbicides; Aquatic Herbicide Tolerance; State Certification of Aquatic Herbicide/Pesticide Oper- ations in Florida, Georgia, Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas; Aquatic Plant Problems in Puerto Rico; Reconnaissance Survey of Aquatic Weed Infesta- tions in Lakes and Navigable Streams in Oklaho- ma; South American Field Studies of Prospective Biocontrol Agents of Weeds; Aquatic Weed Prob- lems in Mexico and Texas and Some Measures for Control; Possible Effects of the Introduction of the White Amur into Lake Conway, Fla.; Aquatic Weed Versus Plant Pathogen - A study of a biological control in action; Controlled Release Herbicides- Rubber formulations; 2,4-D in Slow-Moving Water; Extensive Degradation of Silvex by Synergistic Action of Aquatic Microoganisms; Integrated Con- trol of Waterhyacinths with Four Biological Agents; Waterhyacinths-Nuisance of Benefit; and Large- Scale Field Test with the Monosex White Amur in Florida. AD-A038 482/6 PC A07/MF A01 Michigan Univ Ann Arbor Dept of Geography Urban Food Supply and Distribution: Charac- teristics and Utilization of Fresh Food Markets in Bangkok and Thonburl Technical rept. Margaret E. Crawford. 22 Feb 74, 127p Rept no. TR-5 Contract Nonr-1 224(56) Descriptors: 'Fresh foods, 'Marketing, 'Thailand, 'Urban areas, Food, Commerce, Commodities, Supplies, Sources, Rural areas. Identifiers: BangkokfThailand), Thonburi(Thailand). This report deals with one aspect of the problem of food supply and distribution to urban areas. It de- scribes major internal characteristics of nearly two hundred fresh-food markets or talat in Bangkok Thonburi, Thailand. These characteristics are then summarized in a measure of market utilization. In- dicators of change within the market system are identified along with market responsiveness in meeting the changing needs of a rapidly growing urban population. (Author) AD-A044 343/2 PC A07/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Potential Nonstructural or Low Cost Water- ways System Improvements Final rept. Frederick M. Anklam. Jun 71, 146p Rept no. WES-MP-O-71-1 Descriptors: 'Water traffic, 'Inland waterways, Operational effectiveness, Utilization, Optimiz- ation, Low costs, Cost benefits. Regulations, Locks(Waterways), Commodities, Barges, Towing, Modification, Management planning and control, Questionnaires. The inland waterways system of the United States as it exists today has a number of problems associ- ated with near-capacity traffic conditions. In many places on the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri Rivers and their navigable tributaries, there are se- rious impediments to the free flow of waterborne commerce. This study was conducted to deter- mine the potential for more efficient utilization of existing inland waterways resources and facilities as a possible alternative to heavy investment in major construction. The study was based on distri- bution of a questionnaire, meetings and discus- sions with the Civil Works Task Group for Inland Waterways Systems Analysis, and visits to Corps of Engineers Civil Works offices and river sites by the author. The inland waterways system is an inti- mate interweaving of three significant subsystems: the physical waterway, the towing industry, and commodities. These subsystems and their interre- lations are discussed in detail herein. It was deter- mined that there are a number of areas of potential for improvement in the inland waterways system. These areas involve such items as changes in op- erating procedures of the locks, revisions of the operating rules for towboats approaching and using locks, staffing considerations, additional as- sistance at heavily trafficked locks, and other such factors. AD-A044 765/6 PC A02/MF A01 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab Han- over N H Effect of Geography on the Extensive Agricul- tural Use of Sewage (Wplyw Czynnlka Geogra- ficznego na Rozpowszechnienie Rolniczego Wykorzystania wod Sciekowych) Jan Wierzbicki. Sep 77, 10p Rept no. CRREL-TL- 642 Trans, of Gaz Woda Technika Santarna (Poland) v24 n1 1 p407-41 1 950, by Sam Blalock. Descriptors: 'Sewage disposal, Waste recycling, Irrigation systems, Fertilizers, Rural areas, Agron- omy, Agriculture, Urban planning, Climate, Terrain, Soils, Geographic areas, Land use, Waste man- agement, Translations, Poland. Identifiers: 'Sewage irrigation. This article considers the causes of the elimination of many irrigated fields in England when the devel- opment of this kind of arrangement was appearing in other countries. Unfavorable local and soil cli- matic conditions necessitated the replacement of irrigated fields by purification plants of another type. The liquidation of irrigated fields in England and in the Eastern United States should not be an example for countries in which other geographic conditions predominate. The considerable simulta- neous increase in arrangements of this type in other countries proves the incorrectness of uncriti- cal copying of England's example and negative re- action to the agricultural use of sewage water in localities with conditions which favor its use. (Author) AD-A044 767/2 PC A02/MF A01 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab Han- over N H Disadvantages and Advantages of Sewage Disposal in Connection with Agricultural Utili- zation (Wady i Zalety Oczyszczanla wod Sciekowych w Polaczenlv Zoich Rolnicyzm Wykorzystanlem) Jan Wierzbicki. Sep 77, 10p Rept no. CRREL-TL- 645 Trans, of Gaz Woda Technika Sanitarna (Poland) v23 n6 p1 98-201 1949, by Sam Blalock. Descriptors: 'Sewage disposal, Purification, Sewage treatment, Land use, Irrigation systems, Fertilizers, Agriculture, Waste treatment, Waste re- cycling, Productivity, Utilization, Urban planning, Rural areas, Translations, Poland. Identifiers: 'Sewage irrigation. Although the purification of sewage in connection with agricultural use has certain disadvantages as mentioned in this report, the possibility of obtaining very significant economic advantages dictates the widest possible application of land treatment of sewage purification. (Author) AD-A044 982/7 PC A02/MF A01 Stanford Univ Calif Systems Optimization Lab Micro-Level Approaches for Improving Water Resource Knowledge Transfer in Rural Areas Technical rept. Nathan Buras. Jun 77, 18p Rept no. SOL-77-12 Contract N00014-75-C-0865 Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Rural areas, Technology transfer, Irrigation systems, Water supplies, Water wells, Water quality, India, West Africa, Guatemala, Peru, Mexico, Israel, Confer- ences. Identifiers: 'Meetings, 'Developing countries, In- formation transfer. One of the topics discussed at the Second Interna- tional Conference on Transfer of Water Resources Knowledge (Colorado State University, Fort Col- lins, Colorado, June 29 - July 1, 1977) dealt with utilization of water resources knowledge in the context of regional development. Six papers were presented to the conference under this heading covering a broad range of issues: from a diagnostic description of a difficult situation in rural India, to a theoretical approach to the policy decisions rele- vant to rural modernization efforts. This general report summarizes the six papers, comments brief- ly on them, then focuses on two key points which were by-passed by the papers: (a) the resistance to change of farming communities at lower levels of technological sophistication; (b) attempts to overcome this resistance. SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES AD-A045 058/5 PC A02/MF A01 Rhode Island Univ Kingston Graduate School of Oceanography Suspended Particle Mineralogy and Transport In Water Masses of the West African Shelf Ad- jacent to Sierra Leone and Liberia Robert L. McMaster, Peter R. Betzer, Kendall L. Carder, Laury Miller, and Donald W. Eggimann. 22 Jul 74, 17p Contract N00014-68-A-021 5-0003, N00014-72-A- 0363-0001 Availability: Pub. in Deep-Sea Research, v24 p651- 6651977. Descriptors: *Sea water, 'Sediment transport. Continental shelves, Continental slopes, Ocean currents, Tropical regions, West Africa, Atlantic Ocean, Sedimentation, Salinity, Clay minerals, Sediments, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, Ocean bottom topography, Hydrographic surveying, Re- prints. Identifiers: 'Suspended sediments, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Canary current, Gibbsite, Ocean basins. A combined hydrographic-mineralogic survey of water masses and their suspended particulate matter was carried out over the continental shelf and upper slope adjacent to Sierra Leone and Li- beria; it revealed a two-layered system with distinct clay signatures. The southeastward flowing sur- face Canary Current was montmorillonite-richer and kaolinite- and gibbsite-poorer than the bottom water. There was a nepheloid layer on the shelf in the lower 20 m of the water column over most of the 480-km long study area. The average suspend- ed particle load of the layer 320 microgram/liter, exceeded that of average open-ocean water by more than an order of magnitude. The clay miner- alogy of the material in the near-bottom nepheloid layer is consistent with its being a significant sedi- ment source for the deep equatorial eastern basin of the North Atlantic Ocean. (Author) AD-A045 463/7 PC A03/MF A01 Civil and Environmental Engineering Development Office Tyndall AFB Fla Detachment 1 (Adtc) Water Quality Assessment Model - Oxygen Dy- namics Model for Low-Flow Streams Final rept. 1 Jul 75-1 Mar 77 Stephen P. Shelton. Mar 77, 32p Rept no. CEEDO-TR-77-15 Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Streams, 'Water flow, 'Air Force facilities, Mathematical models, Biochemical oxygen demand, Low level, Environ- mental protection. Waste water, Water pollution, Oxygen, Dissolving. Identifiers: Low flow. This investigation was undertaken to develop a low-flow stream waste assimilation model to deter- mine the effect of point source discharges at se- lected Air Force installations. The impetus for this study was the lack of available low-flow stream models and the AF need to evaluate low-flow streams that traverse their installations. From data acquired by this and previous investigations, an analysis of oxygen sinks and sources, unique in their level of significance for low-flow streams, was undertaken. Oxygen sources and sinks considered were carbonaceous BOD, nitrogenous BOD, stream reoxygenation, benthic oxygen demand, and photosynthesis/ respiration. In addition to these, the effects of toxic pollutants upon biologi- cal reaction rates and waste assimilative capacity were also explored. Techniques employed in this investigation may be considered as one approach to determine waste assimilation capacity and to simulate variations in the oxygen profile caused by point source wastewater discharges into a low flow stream. The validity and limitations of the overall approach, the ability t oftrapolate oxygen profiles, and the ability to transpose conditions to facilitate prediction of future conditions is, at this time, not fully substantiated; however, positive indications have been obtained in model verification that lend credence to the procedures adopted. Future stud- ies should be directed toward validation and im- provement of the proposed model and sensitivity analysis to define confidence intervals. (Author) AD-A047 981/6 PC A09/MF A01 Maryland Univ College Park Inst for Fluid Dynam- ics and Applied Mathematics Environmental Conditions In a Tropical Forest Region In Thailand Contract rept. Helmut E. Landsberg, Owen E. Thompson, Robert E. Kaylor, and Rachel T. Pinker. Nov 74, 186p BN-799, PUB-109, ETL-0129 Contract DAAK02-72-C-0287 Descriptors: 'Climate, 'Tropical regions, 'Mete- orological data, Monsoons, Rainfall, diurnal vari- ations, Seasonal variations. Rainfall intensity, Temperature, Forests, Weather stations, Weather forecasting, Southeast Asia, Thailand, Humidity. Major results of a two year project to study the cli- matological and micrometeorological conditions in a tropical evergreen forest region are summarized in this report. The study has been under the spon- sorship of the U. S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratory. The forest area under study is in the interior of Thailand and is influenced by a cool, dry northeast monsoonal flow from November to March and a warm, moist southwest monsoonal flow from May to September. Measured informa- tion were collected during a three year field pro- gram sponsored by the U. S. Army Natick Labora- tories and included ground station temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, evaporation, hours of sunshine, and tower measurements of tempera- ture, dew point temperature, and wind speed, in- coming and reflected solar radiation, incoming and outgoing infra-red radiation and sub-surface tem- perature profiles in the forest and in a cleared area within the forest region. AD-210 105/3 PC A07/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences - National Re- search Council Washington D C Indigenous Tropical Agriculture In Central America: Land Use, Systems, and Problems C.L DOZIER. 3 Oct 58, 134p Rept no. ffrp r 3p594ffrp r 3p594 Contract nonr230009 Distribution limitation now removed. NOTE: Only 35mm microfilm is available. No microfiche. Descriptors: 'Agriculture. Identifiers: 'Central America. No abstract available. AD-408 517/1 PCA11/MFA01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program The Changing Economy of Northern Greece Since World War II Paul P. Vouras. 1962, 238p Rept no. NAS-NRC- FFRP-16 Contract Nonr-2300(09) Distribution limitation now removed. NOTE: Only 35mm microfilm is available. No microfiche. Descriptors: 'Economics, Geography, Climate, Forestry, Population, Fishes, Industries, Transpor- tation, Bibliographies, Irrigation, Cereals, Food, Textile industry, Leather, Roads, Soils, Minerals, Agriculture, Mining engineering, Electricity, Com- merce, Production, Erosion, Animals, Meat, Chemical industry, Metals, Processing, Railroads. The objective of this research was to investigate the post World War II changes in the economy of Northern Greece. Nine months were devoted to geographical field work. Field work was essential in order to observe and record the changes that have taken place in the region's economy. Also, officials, private business men, and professional men were consulted to obtain statistical data. Inso- far as possible Greek sources of the most recent date were used. The book is divided into 1 1 chap- ters: physical and human aspects, agriculture, live- stock, fishing, forestry, mining, industry and handi- crafts, electricity, transportation, ports, trade, and tourism. (Author) AD-417 467/8 PC A07/MF A01 California Univ Livermore Lawrence Radiation Lab Patterns of Settlement and Subsistence in Southwestern Angola Alvin W. Urquhart. 1963, 149p Rept nos. NRC-R- 18, Pub-1096 Contract Nonr230009 Also available from Printing and Publishing Office, NRC, Washington, D. C. for $4.00 per copy. Distribution limitation now removed. NOTE: Only 35mm microfilm is available. No microfiche. Descriptors: 'Survival(Personnel), Economics, Ag- riculture, Housing(Dwellings), Social sciences, Food, Storage, Population, Terrain, Processing. Identifiers: 'Angola, Rural areas, Developing coun- tries, Africa. This study presents the findings of a year of field work in Portugal and Angola. The author attempts to describe and expain the patterns of settlement and subsistence of the farmer-herders and neigh- boring African peoples who live on the Huila Pla- teau of southwestern Angola. A historical back- ground of the occupation and colonization of this area by Europeans supplements this study. (Author) AD-420 690/0 PC A10/MF A01 Chicago Univ III Tradition, Season, and Change in a Turkish Vil- lage John F. Kolars. Aug 63, 205p 82, NRC-FFRPR15 Contract Nonr230009 Doctoral thesis. Distribution limitation now removed. NOTE: Only 35mm microfilm is available. No microfiche. Descriptors: 'Sociology, 'Rural areas, Culture, Transportation, Housmg(Dwellings), Population, Ecology, Agriculture, Geography, Commerce. Identifiers: Turkey. Contents: Antalya Vilayet and the regional setting; The villages of the Boga Cay area; The village and its farm units: Bahtili; Village functional organiza- tion: Bahtili; External village connections: Bahtili; Variations in village agriculture: Akdamlar and Geyik Bayiri Mahalleler; Variables important in the determination of farm crop mixes, The cultural and natural determination of farm crops and agricultur- al activities; The seasonal cycle of livelihood acti- vites in the Boga Cay area; The development of commercial agnculture in the Boga Cay area. AD-464 900 PC A02 Special Operations Research Office, Washington, D. C. Counterinsurgency Iformation Analysis Center. Irrigation as a Factor in the Economic Develop- ment of Thailand. James R. Price. Jun 64, 10p Rept no. SORO/ CINFAC/1-64 Contract DA-49-092-ARO-7 Descriptors: 'Irrigation systems, Thailand, 'Cere- als, Irrigation systems, History, Economics, Floods, Counterinsurgency, Agriculture, Rural areas. The question of irrigation and flood control in Thai- land has been historically bound together not only with the immediate problems of production of Thai- land's main export crop of paddy rice, but with the pattern of Thailand's foreign economic and politi- cal relations. Developmental irrigation and flood control projects only now nearing completion are virtually identical to those recommended more than half a century ago by a Dutch irrigation advis- er, and which could have been completed within twelve years at a fraction of the cumulative costs, both in capitalization and crop losses, to date. (Author) AD-600 859 PC A02 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis Woodworking Machines. May64,2pFPL-048 Descriptors: 'MACHINES, WOOD, 'SAWS, WOOD, MILLING MACHINES, INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT, MATERIAL SEPARATION. Identifiers: WOODWORKING MACHINES. SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Woodworking machines are made to do a wide va- riety of jobs. For any one job there are usually a number of makes, sizes, and styles of machines from which to choose. They are not standardized. Only a brief classification and outline of specifica- tions for fairly typical machines of the more impor- tant types is attempted. Small light machines of the home workshop size are not included. Woodwork- ing machines may be divided into three broad classes based on function: sawmill, planing mill, and industrial plant machinery. The function of sawmill machinery is to cut the log into rough, green lumber. The planing mill takes the rough lumber (usually dry), and prepares it for general construction uses, such as flooring, siding, shiplap, or framing. The industrial plant cuts up lumber and makes it into doors, furniture, boxes, or other fabri- cated products. (Author) AD-608 900 PC A02 Columbia Univ New York Use of Fluorescent Tracers to Determine Fore- shore Sediment Transport, Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Technical rept. no. 6 Warren E. Yasso. 1964, 2p Contract Nonr26668 Descriptors: 'BEACHES, SEDIMENTATION, •SEDIMENTATION, BEACHES, 'TRACER STUD- IES, SEDIMENTATION, LABELED SUB- STANCES, FLUORESCENCE, SAND, OCEAN WAVES, TIDES, VELOCITY, PARTICLES, PARTI- CLE SIZE, EROSION, COATINGS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, NEW JERSEY. Identifiers: FORESHORE. Each of four size classes of foreshore sand from Sandy Hook, New Jersey, was color coded with daylight and ultraviolet fluorescent coating materi- al. These tracer particles were introduced at mid- swash line on the foreshore surface at Kingmill Beach, Sandy Hook, two hours prior to high tide. During the test Atlantic Ocean waves approaching at an angle of approximately 5 degrees to the shor- eline caused 5.3-second breakers of 2.4-foot maxi- mum height. A sampling line transverse to the fore- shore was established 1 00 feet downdrift from the point of introduction. In a time-integration proce- dure samples were obtained by scraping a 0.10- foot deep and 0.18-foot wide channel a distance of 10 feet upslope from the backwash limit. Sub-sam- ples of the 18 samples taken during the 69.7 min- utes after marked particle introduction were exam- ined for tracer particle content. Recovery data indi- cate particles in the smallest size class (0.701 >d>0.589 mm) began arriving at sampling line 38.9 minutes after introduction: equivalent to 2.6 ft/min maximum transport velocity. Particles in the next largest size class began arriving 50.0 min- utes after introduction: equivalent to 2.0 ft/min maximum transport velocity. However, a maximum number of marked particles in both size classes was found in a sample taken 62.3 minutes after introduction. AD-615 459 PC A02 Special Operations Research Office American Univ Washington D C A Selected Inventory of Latin American Agri- cultural Colonies with Annotated Bibliography. Curtjn WinsorJr, and Joseph Macrum. 1964, 2p Rept no. soro/cinfac/ 18-65 Descriptors: "RURAL AREAS, SOUTH AMERICA, *SOUTH AMERICA, RURAL AREAS, 'CENTRAL AMERICA, RURAL AREAS, AGRICULTURE, BIB- LIOGRAPHIES, BRAZIL, CHILE, COLOMBIA, EC- UADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, PERU, VENEZUELA. Identifiers: COLONY PROJECT, LATIN AMERICA, BOLIVIA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY, COLONIZA- TION. With a few noted exceptions, this paper is limited in its scope to agricultural colonies and settlements that were founded after 1 945 and had sufficient lit- erature to justify a profile-outline. As such, the paper identifies only a small part of the literature on the process of land settlement in present-day Latin America. (Author) AD-636 809 PC A02 MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif A Short Survey of Colombian Agricultural De- velopment in Recent Years. Dalbert A. Fitchett. 25 May 66, 2p Rept no. P- 3370 Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Colombia, Reviews, Rural areas, Economics, Population, Production, Commerce, Food, Geography. No abstract available. AD-638 118 Mcgill Univ Montreal (Quebec) Dept of Geography Savanna-Tropical Forest Boundaries Sympo- sium: Venezuela. Technical rept. on Savanna Research Project. Theo L. Hills. 1 Jul 66, 2p Rept no. Occasional Paper-1 Contract Nonr-3855(00) Availability: Published in Nature and Resources v1 n4p1-5 Dec 1965. Descriptors: 'Geography, 'Venezuela, Ecology, Jungles. Identifiers: Savanna ecosystem. No abstract available. AD-643 179 PC A17 MF A01 Boston Univ., Mass. Dept. of Geography. Fire In Tropical Forests and Grasslands. Technical rept. Robert B. Batchelder, and Howard F. Hirt. Jun 66, 396p ES-23 Contract DA-19-129-AMC-229(N) Descriptors: 'Fires, 'Tropical regions, 'Forest fires, Tropical regions, 'Grasses, Fires, Meteorol- ogy, Soils, Control, Armed forces research, Clima- tology, Culture, Ecology, Maps. Fire in the tropics has a long history in which fre- quent wide-spread burning has profoundly altered physical and cultural environments. A vast and di- verse literature pertaining to fire and its effects in tropical forests and grasslands was evaluated, classified and presented in a selected bibliogra- phy. Emphasis is on the relation of fire to climate, natural vegetation, soils, cultural origins, techno- logical level and way of life and other significant factors of the total environment. The incidence and frequency of occurrence of fire are examined in terms of the geographic distribution of passive and active environmental characteristics. The rela- tionship of burning to climate and natural vegeta- tion is shown on maps which represent a first at- tempt to depict the geographic distribution of fire in the tropics. Potential combustibility and the impli- cations of fire to military operations are discussed. (Author) AD-651 116 PC A04 MF A01 American Univ Washington D,C Center for Re- search in Social Systems Resettlement in Latin America: An Analysis of 35 Cases. Milton Jacobs, Alexander R. Askenasy, and Norita P. Scott. Apr 67, 55p Contract DA-49-092-ARO-7 Descriptors: 'Management planning, Latin Amer- ica, 'Government(Foreign), Economics, United States government, Agriculture, Military training, Population, Political science, Social sciences, Rural areas, Education, Medicine, Housing, Feder- al budgets. A study of agricultural settlements (or colonies) in Latin America: the history of settlement, current governmental efforts in colonization, and an analy- sis of the colonies in terms of success or failure are included. Detailed description of five of the settle- ments is appended. AD-653 814 California Univ Berkeley Dept of Physics Auroral-Zone Electron Precipitation Accompa- nying a Sudden Impulse In the Geomagnetic Field. Robert R. Brown. 30 Dec 66, 6p AFOSR-67-1389 Grant AF-AFOSR-331-65 Availability: Published in Journal of Geophysical Research v72 n9 p2448-51 May1 1967. Descriptors: 'Terrestrial magnetism, 'Storms, Aur- orae, Electrons, Balloons, Energy, X rays, Intensi- ty, Periodic variations. Balloon observations of bremsstrahlung accompa- nying a sudden impulse of 955 gamma in H indi- cates that the x-ray fluxes were soft, with e-folding energy Eo approximately equals 13 keV, and rela- tively unstructured in time. (Author) AD-653 856 PC A03 MF A01 Naval Research Lab Washington D C Natural Resistance of Woods to Biological De- terioration In Tropical Environments. Part I. Screening Tests of a Large Number of Wood Species. Interim rept. C. R. Southwell, C. W. Hummer, Jr, B. W. Forgeson, T. R. Price, and T. R. Sweeney. 7 Feb 62, 49p Rept no. NRL-5673-PM Descriptors: 'Wood, Biological contamination, 'Tropical deterioration, Wood, Identification, Sam- pling, Exposure, Test methods, Marine borers, Resistance(Biologcal), Isoptera, Degradation, Tropical tests, Sea water, Soils, Fungus deteriora- tion. In four different tropical environments, heavily in- fested with wood-destroying organisms, 114 spe- cies of scientifically identified woods have been undergoing a screening test for periods up to an 18-month exposure. Many of the woods were se- lected because of their reputed resistance to bio- logical attack. Results of marine borer resistance studies have revealed 21 woods to be highly resis- tant to borers in Pacific Ocean water for the first 1 4 months of exposure. In tropical brackish water only 3 woods studied were highly resistant and very heavy damage was observed on 69 during the 14- month period. Stake tests in tropical jungle soil on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Panama showed 26 woods to be very durable to both sub- terranean termites and fungal decay for the first 1 8 months of exposure. A number of these resistant woods had not been studied previously. From the results of these studies, each wood included has beti assigned resistance ratings of high, moder- ate, or low in respect to marine borer attack in sea water, teredo attack in brackish water, subterra- nean termites in tropical soil, and fungal decay in contact with jungle soil. Detailed descriptions of wood species which are considered to be of spe- cial interest are included. (Author) AD-655 296 PC A02 MF A01 Kalamazoo Coll Mich Some Advantages and Disadvantages of Small Scale Industry in a Highly Industrialized Econo- my. Technical rept. Stillman Bradfield, and Anibal Del Aguila. 1 967, 9p Rept no. TR-3 Contract N00014-67-A-0098-0001, ARPA Order- 852 Descriptors: 'Industries, Management engineer- ing, Industrial relations, Costs, Personnel manage- ment, Organizations, Industrial production, Com- merce. The survival of many of the small scale manufac- turers in Kalamazoo is explained in terms of the special flexibilities and opportunities they possess which enable them to isolate themselves from the competition of larger producers, and occupy a spe- cial niche in the market. Close, personal contact between the owner-manager of a small manufac- turing plant and his employees, suppliers and cus- tomers enable him to give special attention when required, and also to be able to obtain good techni- cal advice when needed. Inefficiencies resulting from a lack of specialization of personnel are in part compensated for by the costs avoided when SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES the manager fulfills all of these functions himself. (Author) AD-657 007 PC A02 MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif Review of 'Changing Patterns of Administra- tion in Rural East Pakistan'. Wayne Wilcox. Aug 67, 5p Rept no. P-3647 Descriptors: *Government(Foreign), Pakistan, Rural areas, Political science, Suburban areas, Leadership, Management engineering, Econom- ics, Social sciences, Reports, South Asia. A very brief review of the book Changing Patterns of Administration in Rural East Pakistan which was prepared at the Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University. AD-657 858 PC A10 MF A01 California Univ Berkeley Dept of Geography A Historical Geography of the Santa Marta Area, Colombia. James R. Krogzemis. 1967, 224p Contract Nonr-3656(03) Descriptors: "Geography, Colombia, History, Cli- matology, Archaeology, Terrain, Agriculture, Popu- lation, Rural areas, Economics, Aquatic animals, Forestry, Recreation, Industries, Mountains, Beaches, Environment, Rivers, Tables, Maps. Contents: Prehistory and Spanish conquest; The lowlands and coast surrounding the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: The Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta; The highlands of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; The indians of the Sierra Nevada. AD-664 641 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research Inventory of Research on Weather and Climate of Desert Environments. Clayton H. Reitan, and Christine R. Green. 1967, 78p Contract DA-49-092-ARO-71 Chapter 2 of Inventory of Geographical Research on Desert Environments. See also Chapter 5, AD- 664 01 3. Availability: Published in Copyright Journal. Descriptors: "Climatology, Deserts, Wind, Storms, Atmospheric temperature, Atmospheric motion, Tropical regions, Water, Measurement, Instrumen- tation, Evapotranspiration, Artificial precipitation, Fog, Classification, Solar radiation, Indexes, Bib- liographies. Contents: Discussion of state of knowledge; (Cli- matic data, climatic data for each desert, synoptic climatology, weather systems, desert storms, upper-air circulations, aridity, climatic typing and in- dexes of aridity, weather modification, microcli- mate, radiation, bibliographies, depositories). AD-667 551 PC A03 MF A01 Weather Wing (1st) San Francisco Calif 96553 Sci- entific Services Extreme Daily Rainfall Amounts in the Republic of Vietnam. Gary D. Atkinson. Mar 68, 34p 1 WW-Technical Study- 16 Descriptors: "Rainfall, Vietnam, Diurnal variations, Volume, Distribution, Mountains, Weather fore- casting, Intensity, Weather stations, Atmospheric precipitation, Meteorological charts, Terrain, Pre- dictions, Hydrology, Civil engineering, Tropical re- gions. Identifiers: South Vietnam. The double exponential distribution is applied to extreme daily rainfall amounts in the Republic of Vietnam. With few exceptions, this distribution fits the annual extremes very well and is used to deter- mine expected daily extremes for return periods of 5 to 100 years. The expected extremes for a 100 year return period range from 6 to 8 inches in the Southern lowlands to over 20 inches in the moun- tainous regions in the north. The double exponen- tial distribution also gives a fair fit to the monthly extremes during the wetter months. The seasonal distribution and physical causes of the annual daily extremes are discussed. Along the east coast and northern mountains, the highest daily rainfall amount each year generally occurs between mid- September and mid-December corresponding to the maximum frequency of tropical cyclones during this period. Over the remainder of the country, the annual extremes are caused by heavy thunder- storms and can occur any time during the south- west monsoon or transition months (April through November). (Author) AD-668 852 PC A09 MF A01 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research Inventory of Research on Vegetation of Desert Environments. William G. McGinnies. 1967, 190p Contract DA-49-092-ARO-71 Chapter 6 of Inventory of Geographical Research on Desert Environments. See also Chapter no. 5, AD-664 01 3. Availability: Published in Copyrighted journal. Descriptors: *Plants(Botany), Deserts, Reviews, Scientific research, Trees, Grasses, Periodic vari- ations, Colors, Soil mechanics, Physical proper- ties, Sand, Fires, Herbicides, Food, Fibers(Natural), Insects, Fuels, Tables, Bibliogra- phies. The objective of the study chapter is to review and evaluate existing information and research on the vegetation of the deserts of the world, to ascertain notable deficiencies, and to propose possible future research and improvements to the general body of knowledge of desert vegetation. (Author) AD-668 853 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research A General Summary of the State of Research on Ground-Water Hydrology. Eugene S. Simpson. 1 967, 24p Contract DA-49-092-ARO-71 Chapter 8 of Inventory of Geographical Research on Desert Environments. See also Chapter 6, AD- 668 852. Availability: Published in Copyrighted journal. Descriptors: "Hydrology, Deserts, Water, Terrain, Natural resources, Reliability, History, Well log- ging, Surface properties, Dams, Underground, drainage, Storage, Physical properties, Manage- ment planning, Sources, Israel. This report is one of a series under a program started in November, 1964, entitled 'An Inventory of Geographical Research on Desert Environ- ments.' Geographic areas covered by the inven- tory were generally those classified as arid or ex- tremely arid. Some variation in coverage occurs from chapter to chapter, without change in the ob- jective of compiling and presenting the greatest possible amount of useful information in the allot- ted time. The purpose of the inventory is to deter- mine in detail what topics have been or are being investigated for the world's deserts, to appraise the reported work, and to disclose areas of study where further work is needed. The series of chap- ters does not attempt to recapitulate all informa- tion known about the deserts of the world, but rather comprises a compendium-guidebook to past and present research. It is based upon a criti- cal review of the published literature augmented by consultations with specialists. (Author) AD-670 260 PC A03 MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif Political Consequences of Rural Development Programs in Indonesia. Guy J. Pauker. May 68, 30p Rept no. P-3864 Presented at the Political Development Seminar of the Southeast Asia Development Advisory Group, Dec 1967, Los Angeles, Calif. Descriptors: "Agriculture, Indonesia, "Political sci- ence, Indonesia, Economics, Population, Rural areas, Social sciences, Leadership, Attitudes, Government(Foreign), Decision making. Public re- lations, Statistical data, Management planning, History. A discussion is presented of the agrarian situation in Indonesia and of the political consequences of the failure of all rural development programs since the achievement of independence in 1949. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the order of magnitude of the agrarian problem facing Indone- sia. The most salient fact is that, according to cur- rent estimates by the International Bank for Re- construction and Development, in the 1960-1966 period rice production increased at a rate of 1.6 percent per year whereas the population growth rate was 2.4 percent. (Author) AD-671 856 PC A08 MF A01 Mcgill Univ Montreal (Quebec) Dept of Geography The Ecology of the Forest/Savanna Boundary (Proceedings of the Igu Humid Tropics Com- mission Symposium, Venezuela, 1964). Technical rept. on Savanna Research Project Theo L. Hills, and Roland E. Randall. May 68, 153p Rept nos. TR-14, Savanna Research Series- 13 Contract Nonr-3855(00) Descriptors: "Plants(Botany), "Ecology, Trees, Grasses, Rainfall, Distribution, Climatology, Soils, History, Paleontology, Floods, Deserts, Fires, Ani- mals, Humidity, Symposia, Tropical regions, Ven- ezuela, Canada. Identifiers: Savannas. The report is the outcome of a symposium on the ecology of the forest/savanna boundary. The papers presented at the meeting have been cut and edited so that a theme is presented rather than a series of papers. In the introduction, the problems involved in savanna classification and the ambiguity of terminology are discussed, types of savanna found in different parts of the world de- scribed, and methods of examination analysed. The section is concluded by a description of the field trip made by the Symposium members, during which many of the differences in attitude were seen in a fresh light. A second chapter is con- cerned with savanna/forest boundaries held stable by factors of the physical environment; here the roles of flooding and desiccation, climate, soils and geomorphology are examined. In the third chapter the authors discuss stable boundaries re- sulting from human action. Fire and the role of do- mesticated grazing animals are seen as the major factors. The subject of the fourth section is the boundary when not in equilibrium. Many factors are examined in different parts of the world including soil, wild animals, fire, palaeoclimatology and man. An evaluation is made of the use of palynological and historical data. (Author) AD-672 002 PC A06 MF A01 Texas Univ Austin Electronics Research Center A Study of Proposed Neural Excitation by In- teraction of Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Energy. Technical rept. James D. Wolfe, and Elmer L. Hixson. 1 May 68, 124p TR-48, AFOSR-68-0879 Grant AF-AFOSR-766-67 Descriptors: "Nerve cells, Stimulation, Models(Simulations), Ultrasonic radiation, Electric fields, Interactions, Thresholds(Physiology), Fre- quency, Feasibility studies, Pressure, Electrolytes(Physiology), Partial differential equa- tions, Numerical methods and procedures, Pertur- bation theory, Fourier analysis, Experimental data. Identifiers: Fast Fourier transform. A neural stimulation system is proposed exploiting the low frequency response of neurons to an exci- tation potential. Ultrasonic and electromagnetic energy interact in electrolytic solutions due to con- ductivity variations caused by the ultrasonic pres- sure waves in the solution. The potential of largest magnitude resulting from the interaction has a fre- quency equaling the sum and difference of the ul- trasonic and electric field frequencies. The fre- quency of the applied field is chosen to exceed the response time of the neurons, preventing excita- tion; the frequency of the induced potential, being the difference of two frequencies, can be con- strained to fall within the response time of neurons and produces excitation. The shape and position of the volume containing the excitation potential is SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES controlled by focusing the ultrasonic waves to high intensity in a small volume. The system is modeled both electrically and ultrasonically by a simple salt solution similar to body interstital fluids. The rele- vant field equations for a conducting solution are applied to the model; the conductivity function contains a small time varying perturbation which is a linear function of the local dynamic pressure due to a focused ultrasonic source. The resultant non- linear, partial differential equation is solved by an assumed power expansion of the solution in apply- ing perturbation theory. (Author) AD-675 354 PC A02 MF A01 National Research Council of Canada Ottawa (On- tario) Div of Building Research Opening Unserviced LOTS to Building by Use of Septic Tank. Housing Note W. B. Watson. Jul 66, 6p Rept no. HN-27 Reprinted from Canadian Builder, v16 n5 p42-45 May 66. Descriptors: 'Sewage, Rural areas, *Tanks(Containers), Sewage, Hazards, Soils, Ter- rain, Population, Design, Economics, Operation, Maintenance, Substitutes, Specifications, Public health, Canada. Identifiers: Septic tanks. The value, construction, maintenance, and oper- ation of septic tanks in isolated areas are dis- cussed, along with problems and hazards. AD-676 124 PC A05 MF A01 Applied Scientific Research Corp of Thailand Bangkok Tropical Environmental Data (Trend): Coopera- tive Research Programme No. 27. Semiannual rept. no. 2, 1 Jul-31 Dec 67. 1968, 96p Contract DAJB29-67-C-0122 Descriptors: 'Forestry, Tropical regions, 'Rainfall, Thailand, Hydrology, Micrometeorology, Soils, Ma- terials, Deterioration, Bacteria, Fungi, Periodic vari- ations, Rivers, Terrain, Mapping, Evapotranspira- tion, Sensors, Atmospheric temperature, Plants(Botany). Identifiers: Dry-evergreen forest. The programme is an interdisciplinary study of a dry-evergreen forest environment in the 1 ,500 mm annual rainfall zone about 300 km north-east of Bangkok and 60 km south of Nakhon Ratchasima (Khorat). The programme is providing a reference framework of data on environmental factors, par- ticularly those which relate to tropical deterioration of materials and to personnel operating in tropical forest environments, and is examining the interac- tion of meteorological, hydrological, soils, vegeta- tion and other biological factors in such environ- ments. (Author) AD-677 010 PC A14 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecological Study in Korea. Part I. A Coopera- tive Program for Ecosystem Research in Korea. Final rept. Oct 66-Sep 68 Helmut K. Buechner, Edwin L. Tyson, and Ke Chung Kim. Sep 68, 31 1p AFOSR-68-2148 Contract F44620-67-C-0013 See also Part 2, AD-676 660. Descriptors: 'Ecology, Southeast Asia, Education, Biology, Research program administration, Natural resources, Plants(Botany), Personnel, Reports, Animals, Soils, Climatology. Identifiers: Demilitarized zones, 'Korea, Develop- ing countries. The program of 'Ecological Study in Korea' that was sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research was ini- tiated with the following objectives: (1) to provide a general description of the vegetation, animal life, soils, physiography, and climate of the study area; (2) to prepare appropriate vegetation and physio- graphic maps to accompany the descriptions; (3) to carry out a series of research projects of a pre- liminary nature on the physical characteristics, flora, and fauna of the study area by Korean scien- tists; and (4) to prepare a sound proposal for a long-range program to be submitted to granting agencies. (Author) AD-678 292 PC A02 MF A01 Harvard Univ Cambridge Mass East Asian Re- search Center Agriculture as the Foundation. Ezra F. Vogel. Oct 68, 23p AFOSR-68-2543 Contract AF 49(638)-1399 Availability: Pub. in World Politics, v28 n4 p761- 779 Jul 68. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, China, 'Production con- trol, Effectiveness, Communism, Decision making, Economics, Rural areas, Problem solving, Man- agement engineering. Identifiers: Collective farming, Villages. China's decision to collectivize agriculture was sudden and required a series of adjustments. Fol- lowing collectivization, it was necessary first to de- velop and later expand private plots, but this cre- ated such serious problems for the collective fields that they were again eliminated in 1958. Despite collectivization and inputs into villages, agriculture which was the foundation of industrial develop- ment was not producing enough to make possible more rapid economic development from the period of mid-1 950's until the mid-1 960's. It was for this reason that greater efforts were placed in the early 1 960's on agriculture. (Author) AD-678 728 PC A04 MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif Relative Wages, Skill Shortages, and Changes In Income Distribution In Colombia. Robert L. Slighton. Nov 68, 75p Rept no. RM- 5651-RC-AID Contract F44620-67-C-0050 Descriptors: 'Labor, Colombia, Manpower studies, Wages, Inequalities, Growth, Statistical distribu- tions, Rural areas, Urban areas, Employment, Classification, Tables, Agriculture, Industries, Transformations, Economics, Training. Identifiers: Income distribution, Skill shortages. An analysis is made of the income distribution rela- tive to the economic growth in Colombia. Distribu- tion of income in Colombia has been, and is, very unequal: 10 percent of the population of the large cities receives about half of the total personal income. This study examines the hypothesis that this inequality will widen if growth of the modern sector of the economy is retarded after the transi- tion from agrarianism to the dual economy is begun. (Author) AD-679 182 PC A04 MF A01 Negev Inst for Arid Zone Research Beersheba (Israel) Dept of Geobotany Use of Vegetation as an Indicator for Soil Prop- erties under Desert Conditions. Annual rept. no. 2, 1 Oct 65-1 Dec 66 Gideon Orshan, Uri Gavish, and Man Borovic. Mar 68, 67p Contract DA-91-591-EUC-3806 Descriptors: 'Soils, Deserts, 'Plants(Botany), De- serts, Classification, Thickness, Sand, Distribution, Clay, Physical properties, Climatology, Plant tissue, Water, Measurement, Israel. Identifiers: Summer, Negev Desert. The report discusses the root systems in sandy de- serts as related to soil properties. 1 3 leading spe- cies were excavated and described. These are classified in three types. Soil moisture was meas- ured at two locations in the Negev desert during the summer of 1966 and its use by plants dis- cussed. The effect of sand cover and irrigation on the competition between leading desert psa- mophtes was examined. (Author) AD-679 459 PC A10 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program The Effects of African Agricultural Practices on Soli Productivity and Nutrient Levels in Kenya. Final rept. Paul L. Lehrer. Sep 61, 209p Contract N00014-67-A-0244 Descriptors: 'Rural areas, Agriculture, 'Agricul- ture, 'Kenya, Soils, Soil mechanics, Production, Nutrition, Deterioration, Fertilizers, Economics, So- ciology, Structural geology, Climatology, Rainfall, Maps. Identifiers: Nutrients. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of African agricultural practices in Kenya on soil productivity. Emphasis is placed on discovering what effects cultivation would have on the nutrient levels of virgin soils in that country. It was found that fragmentation, female labor, and the attitude toward fertilization was actually more important than the more tangible physical considerations in understanding the basic characteristics of African agriculture. The deterioration of the physical condi- tion of the soil through continuous cultivation per- haps is more responsible for a decreased produc- tivity than is nutrient depletion. Only through sus- tained use of fertilizers can the productivity of Kenya soils be substantially increased. The eco- nomic future of the African farmer will depend upon his ability to obtain a higher income through the sale of cash crops. (Author) AD-679 473 PC A08 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Dralned-Fleld Agriculture in Southwestern Tlaxcala, Mexico. Final rept. Gene C. Wilken. Sep 68, 155p Contract N00014-67-A-0244 Descriptors: 'Rural areas, Agriculture, 'Agricul- ture, 'Mexico, Climatology, Rainfall, Population, Soils, Drainage, Floods, Erosion, Irrigation sys- tems, Deposition, Production, Reclamation, Ecol- ogy, Sociology. Identifiers: Tlaxcala(Mexico). This study examines the land and water manage- ment problems of Tlaxcala, concentrating on the southwestern portion of the state which lies at the northern end of the Basin of Puebla on the Mesa Central of Mexico. To cope with poorly drained, sand-filled streamways which threaten flood and deposition on basin floor soils, the Tlaxcala farm- ers practice sophisticated land conservation and reclamation techniques, using a minimum of equip- ment. In the process, they have created a produc- tive and distinctive agricultural region. A descrip- tion of the methods they employ to maintain and expand the agricultural base in this difficult envi- ronment forms part I of this study. In part II, the ecology of farm life is discussed and the geograph- ical relationship between complexes of agricultural practices, social systems, and populations is dis- cussed. (Author) AD-679 474 PC A1 1 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program A Biogeographical Investigation of the Sierra de Tuxtla in Veracruz, Mexico. Final rept. Robert F. Andrle. 1963, 248p Contract N00014-67-A-0244 Descriptors: 'Natural resources, Rural areas, 'Rural areas, 'Mexico, Mountains, Volcanoes, Structural geology, Soils, Climatology, Drainage, Birds, Animals, Forestry, Archaeology. Identifiers: Biogeography, Veracruz(Mexico), Sierra de Tuxtla. The Sierra de Tuxtla, a small, isolated volcanic mountain area near the Gulf coast of southern Ver- acruz, Mexico, affords excellent conditions for bio- geographical investigations. The present study de- scribes the manner in which physical and human factors have influenced native vegetation, non- transient avifauna and larger forest mammals in SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES this tropical region. Physical factors considered are geology, land configuration, climate, drainage and soils; human factors examined include popula- tion, settlement and forms of land use. The Sierra has no major industrial raw materials, so agricul- ture continues to be the principal occupation, with commercial plantations providing export products. Although attempts are being made to improve agri- culture and conserve forests, immediate and effec- tive measures are required to control land use and enforce game laws. Varied natural habitats and a rich fauna provide excellent bases for a national park or wildlife refuge. Such an area would con- serve forests, soils, water and wildlife, and afford a place for scientific study and recreation. A working man-land relationship must be established if the Sierra's natural resources are to be used wisely, its agricultural productivity increased and natural fea- tures preserved. (Author) AD-679 475 PC A12 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program A Philippine Sugar Cane District: Spatial Phe- nomena Affecting Sugar Cane Production on the Haciendas. Final rept. Norman W. Schul. Aug 62, 256p Contract N00014-67-A-0244 Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Philippines, Statistical analysis, Climatology, Terrain, Management plan- ning, Labor, Commerce, Rural areas, Machines, Regression analysis, Transportation, Industries, Soils, Production, Site selection, Maps. Identifiers: Sugar cane. The study primarily involves the analysis of physi- cal and cultural factors affecting sugar cane yield although it will also further an understanding of the spatial organization of sugar cane production. The study is based on the Victorias Milling District, which covers approximately 37,000 hectares in northern Negros Occidental Province in the central Philippines. A simple model was used to describe the area's spatial organization of sugar cane pro- duction in the sphere of plantation agriculture. The model stipulates (1) an extensive land area, (2) mono-cropping, (3) centralized managerial control, (4) an abundant labor supply and (5) production for the export market. It has these further qualities which are believed to be comparable for most sugar cane districts in the Philippines: the charac- teristic hacienda-central settlements, the problems of mechanization, and the quota system for sugar cane. The yield factors studied were hacienda size, hauling distance from the hacienda to the mill, the slope, soil quality, the necessity for truck- ing, tenure, and the type of power used in land preparation. (Author) AD-679 477 PC A1 1 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Approaches to Spatial Structure: Field Studies In India. Final rept. Robert C. Mayfield. 1958, 247p Contract N00014-67-A-0244 Descriptors: 'Rural areas, Housing, 'Housing, 'India, Population, Density, History, Sampling, So- ciology, Costs, Commerce, Agriculture, Analysis of variance, Physiology. Identifiers: Nomads, Land use. This is a collection of studies representing ap- proaches to spatial structure in India. The first study deals with the Baazighars and Gadolias, tra- ditionally nomadic groups in the Indian Punjab, as to the impacts of canal irrigation and political parti- tion. The topic of the second study is physiological densities in which three villages of Bihar are stud- ied. Agriculturally unproductive land is subtracted from overall village area in order to obtain a ratio suggesting meaningful rural population pressures. The third study uses the small portion of the valley of upper Beas River for comparing the relative effi- ciency of systematic, stratified random, and hap- hazard methods of line sampling of land use. The fourth and major study examines the spatial struc- ture of two districts of Central Punjab, India. (Author) AD-679 833 PC A02 MF A01 Air Force Office of Scientific Research Arlington Va Directorate of Information Sciences Information Services for Small-Scale Industry. Rowena W. Swanson. 1968, 4p AFOSR-68-2663 Presented at the Puerto Rico Conference on Infor- mation Technology and Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 20-21 Jun 68. Availability: Pub. in American Documentation, v1 9 n4p412-413 0ct68. Descriptors: 'Information retrieval, 'Industries, Scientific research, Technical information centers. Identifiers: 'Information services, Transfer of tech- nology. The report presents highlights of several papers which reviewed experiences of large-scale and specialized information systems and services from the viewpoint of their value to small-scale, science- based industries, particularly those in developing regions. A climate conductive to technological change appears to be a cornerstone to the building and financing of effective, interactive, information- transfer networks. (Author) AD-683 052 PC A02 MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick Md Portable Laboratory Kit for Water Testing under Field Conditions. S. M. Drachev, and S. D. Zamyslova. 13 Mar 52, 5p Rept no. Trans-654 Trans, of Gigiena i Sanitariya (USSR) v1 5 n7 p45- 481950. Descriptors: 'Water supplies, Test equipment, Sanitary engineering, Laboratory equipment, Port- able, Chemical analysis, Rural areas, USSR. Identifiers: Translations. No abstract available. AD-683 935 PC A13 MF A01 Foreign Technology Div Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio Some Simple Methods of Cybernetic Data Processing of Diagnostic and Physiological In- vestigations. V. S. Genes. 12 Apr 68, 290p Rept no. FTD-MT- 24-394-67 Edited machine trans, of mono. Nekotorye Prostye Metody Kiberneticheskoi Obrabotki Dannykh Diag- nosticheskikh i Fiziologicheskikh Issledovanii, Moscow, 1967 p1 -208. Descriptors: 'Diagnosis, 'Data processing sys- tems, Diseases, fables, Etiology, Therapy, Com- puters, USSR. Identifiers: Computer analysis, Translations. A system is described which uses simple rules for the treatment and storage of materials of clinical observations and physiological experiments. (Author) AD-684 41 1 PC A02 MF A01 Naval Civil Engineering Lab Port Hueneme Calif Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Construction. Technical note Francis E. Brink, and Paul J. Rush. Feb 66, 21 p Rept no. NCEL-TN-808 Descriptors: 'Naval research, Reinforced con- crete, Reinforcing materials, Fibers(Natural), Mix- tures, Cements, Cracks, Moistureproofing, Me- chanical properties. Identifiers: 'Bamboo reinforced concrete. This report has been prepared to assist field per- sonnel in the design and construction of bamboo reinforced concrete. Comments on the selection and preparation of bamboo for reinforcing are given. Construction principles for bamboo rein- forced concrete are discussed. Design procedures and charts for bamboo reinforced concrete are given and conversion methods from steel rein- forced concrete design are shown. (Author) AD-685 455 PC A02 MF A01 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis Natural Decay Resistance of Fifteen Exotic Woods Imported for Exterior Use. Forest Service research paper Joe W. Clark. Mar 69, 7p* Rept no. FSRP-FPL- 103 Descriptors: 'Wood, Degradation, Exposure, Clas- sification, Sampling, Soils, Tropical deterioration, Structures, Atmospheric temperature, Fungus de- terioration, Least squares method, Insects, Mois- ture. Identifiers: Heartwood. An evaluation based on laboratory and field testing of the decay resistance of 15 species of wood, mostly tropical. (Author) AD-685 824 PC A07 MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Expedient Reinforcement for Concrete for Use In Southeast Asia. Report 1. Preliminary Tests of Bamboo. Technical rept. Frank B. Cox, and Helmuth G. Geymayer. Feb 69, 139p Rept no. AEWES-TR-C-69-3-1 Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, Reinforcing materials, Reviews, Organic materials, Feasibility studies, Tensile properties, Bonding, Degradation, Aging(Materials), Beams(Structural), Loading(Mechanics), Life expectancy. Identifiers: 'Bamboo, Arundinaria tecta. The report summarizes the preliminary results of a study of the feasibility of using bamboo as an expe- dient reinforcement for temporary, reinforced con- crete structures. The report contains an extensive review of the literature, a description of the test procedures, results of an investigation of the most important engineering properties of bamboo, de- scriptions of tests of 26 bamboo-reinforced struc- tural elements (20 simply supported beams with 6- ft (1.83-m) spans, and 6 simply supported two-way slabs of varying length, width, and depth), and con- clusions and tentative recommendations for the design of bamboo-reinforced structures. (Author) AD-686 717 HC A02 MF A01 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis Preservative Treatments for Protecting Wood Boxes. Forest Service research paper A. F. Verrall, and T. C. Scheffer. Apr 69, 10p* Rept no. FSRP-FPL-106 Descriptors: 'Wood, Protective treatments, Con- tainers, Preservation, Weatherproofing, Effective- ness, Storage, Exposure, Fungusproofing, Insects, Deterioration, Tropical regions, Life expectancy. Identifiers: Dip treatments, Boxes(Containers). An evaluation of the effectiveness of three-minute dip treatments in various wood preservatives for wood boxes stored off the ground for more than 1 years in both a southern and a northern climate. (Author) AD-686 759 HC A02 MF A01 Research Analysis Corp Mclean Va Beyond de Gaulle. Howard C. Reese. Feb 66, 12p Rept no. RAC-P- 16 Descriptors: 'Political science, 'France, Leader- ship, Attitudes, Group dynamics, Foreign policy, In- teractions, Economics, Organizations, Commu- nism, Predictions. Identifiers: DE Gaulle Charles. The document speculates on what may take place in France after General de Gaulle leaves the scene. (Author) AD-686 836 HC A04 MF A01 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research Inventory of Research on Desert Regional Types. John R. Healy. 1968, 69p* SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Contract DA-49-092-ARO-71 Chapter 9 of Inventory of Geographic Research on Desert Environments. See also Chapter 8, AD-668 853. Descriptors: "Deserts, Reviews, Scientific re- search, Classification, State-of-the-art reviews, Research program administration, Background, Geography, Environment, Terrain. Identifiers: Desert regional types, Annotated bib- liographies. The purpose of the inventory is to determine in detail what topics have been or are being investi- gated for the world's deserts, to appraise the re- ported work, and to disclose areas of study where further work is needed. The series of chapters does not attempt to recapitulate all information known about the deserts of the world, but rather comprises a compendium-guidebook to past and present research. It is based upon a critical review of the published literature augmented by consulta- tions with specialists. (Author) AD-686 859 HC A02 MF A01 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Mass Influence of the Amazon River Outflow on the Ecology of the Western Tropical Atlantic. III. The Planktonlc Flora Between the Amazon River and Windward Islands. Technical rept. E. M. Hulburt, and Nathanial Corwin. 9 Oct 68, 20p Rept nos. WHOI-Ref-69-22, WHOI-Contrib- 2018 Contract N00014-66-C-0241, Grant NSF-GB-861 Sponsored in part by Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. See also AD-653 033. Availability: Pub. in Jnl. of Marine Research, v27 n1 P55-721969. Descriptors: "Plankton, "Atlantic Ocean, "Rivers, Ecology, "Ecology, Plankton, Shallow water, Oceanographic data, Seacoast, Periodic vari- ations, Continental shelves, Hydrographic survey- ing, Ocean bottom sampling, Salinity, Tropical re- gions, Surface properties, Temperature, River cur- rents. Identifiers: Amazon River, Phytoplankton. An abundant diatomaceous flora was observed in shallow waters along the coasts of French Guiana and Dutch Guiana during the fall of 1 964 and the spring of 1 965. In the fail, these diatoms were ap- parently carried far beyond the continental shelf by the Amazon effluent, which crossed the north- westward Guiana Current and became entrained in a southeastward countercurrent. During both fall and spring, the oceanic species, predominantly coccolithophores, were adversely affected by the Amazon effluent. The uplifting of deep nutrient-rich water, which was observed along the edge of the continental shelf during both spring and fall, is ap- parently responsible for the abundance of diatoms in the coastal water. A similar enrichment also oc- curred offshore in the fall and may have helped to foster the minor flowerings of neritic species that had been seeded by cells transported from their more normal inshore habitat. Artificial flowerings were obtained by nutrient enrichment of water samples; growth was observed in only diatoms and the ubiquitous species, Coccolithus huxleyi. The many rarer oceanic species of coccolithophores did not respond to the artificial enrichment of the water, just as they had not responded to the natu- ral enrichment existing in the coastal water and in the countercurrent during the fall. (Author) AD-687 028 HC A02 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Space, Change and Feng-Shui In Tsuen Wan'S Urbanization. Baruch Boxer. 1968, 16p Rept no. 31 A Contract Nonr-2300(09) Prepared in cooperation with Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Availability: Pub. in Jnl. of Asian and African Stud- ies, v3 n3-4 p226-240 Jul/Oct 68. Descriptors: "Urban planning, "Hong Kong, Urban areas, Population, Housing, Rural areas, Public opinion, Construction. To write of 'change' in the context of Tsuen Wan's urbanization, is not simply a matter of describing the tangible evidence of urban growth or delimiting its parameters. Changes in population and area, mounting levels of capital investment and industri- al production, fluctuations in land values, and other measurable indices of urbanization are descriptive of an essentially pragmatic response to the devel- opment plan which has defined the broad limits of urbanization. More significantly, the successful ap- plication of traditional Chinese conceptions of 'change' to the immediate demands of urbaniza- tion has facilitated a smooth transition to a modern urban-industrial society. (Author) AD-687 318 HC A03 MF A01 Rand Corp Santa Monica Calif The Organizational Approach Versus the Soci- etal Approach to Development in Emerging Na- tions. Paul T. McClure. May 69, 33p Rept no. P-4058 Descriptors: "Political science, "Management planning, Theory, Organizations, Sociometrics, Correlation techniques, Systems engineering, Problem solving, Decision making, Effectiveness. Identifiers: "Developing countries, Public adminis- tration, Comparison. Comparisons of public administrative systems on a national or regional level require much simplifica- tion, so that the descriptions and prescriptions which result may be too broad to be operational. The mission of the paper is to compare societal units with organizational units to determine which give a more appropriate focus point for analysis in order to achieve national development. (Author) AD-695 631 HC A03 MF A01 Arizona Univ Tucson Contributions on the Status of Arid-Lands Re- search: Ground Water in Australia. Technical rept. Eugene S. Simpson. Aug 69, 31 p ES-50 Contract DAAG 1 7-67-0 1 99 Descriptors: "Deserts, Australia, "Water supplies, Deserts, Sandstone, Limestone, Thickness, Sedi- mentary rock, Porosity, Storage, Water, Minerals, Rainfall, Volume, Irrigation systems, Deposits, Sand, Water wells. Identifiers: "Ground water, Aggregates(Materials), Artesian wells, Aquifers. Essentially all exploitable ground water of the Aus- tralian arid zone is contained in the pore spaces of relatively flat-lying sandstones and limestones, which occur within the major sedimentary basins and cover about half of the arid-zone land surface. In each basin the aggregate thickness of the porous rocks is hundreds to thousands of feet, and they are interlayered with various rocks not bearing water, thus producing artesian or semiartesian conditions in many places. Although the quantity of stored water is immense, most of it accumulated during the past tens to hundreds of thousands of years; at least half of it is too mineralized for use in irrigation. The annual recharge from rainfall, though unknown in amount, is undoubtedly only a very small fraction of the amount in storage, and perhaps even less than the annual amount cur- rently pumped from wells. Outside the sedimentary basins, small to moderate supplies of ground water may be obtained from fissures in the older crystal- line rocks, or from relatively thin surficial deposits of unconsolidated sand, if the local water table is not deeper than the depth of fissures or the bottom of the sand. (Author) AD-701 167 HC A08 MF A01 Human Resources Research Organization Alexan- dria, Va Planned Change in Agrarian Countries. Technical rept. Arthur H. Niehoff . Dec 69, 1 57p Rept no. HUMRRO-TR-69-21 Contract DAHC19-70-C-0012 Descriptors: "Management planning, "Rural areas, Culture, Social communication, Economics, Agri- culture, Sociology. Identifiers: Agrarian countries, Social change, Ethnic groups, "Civic programs. The report is an effort to provide operationally rele- vant concepts and guidelines for persons respon- sible for planning and implementing development projects in agrarian countries. A framework for de- scribing or evaluating the conduct of development projects is proposed, and applied to the results of an analysis of 203 case studies of past projects. Influences, conditions, and techniques which appear to affect project outcome are: (1) local cul- tural characteristics, such as leader patterns, social structure, and economic patterns; (2) moti- vation for change, including felt needs and per- ceived practical benefits; and (3) project strate- gies, such as the innovator's image characteris- tics, communication, and participation. The case study analysis suggests that factors of special im- portance to success in development projects are cooperation of local leaders, degree and immedi- acy of practical benefits which recipients antici- pate, innovator skill in communication processes, participation of recipients in implementing the change, and establishing arrangements for main- tenance of the innovation by the local people. (Author) AD-701 189 HC A03 MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Precast Concrete Elements with Bamboo Rein- forcement. Technical rept. May 64, 28p Rept no. AEWES-TR-6-646 Descriptors: "Reinforced concrete, Experimental design, "Reinforcing materials, "Grasses, Tensile properties, Beams(Structural), Army research, Feasibility studies, Plants(Botany), Loading(Mechanics), Stresses, Test methods, Cracks. Identifiers: Precast concrete, Bamboo. The document covers investigation and tests of bamboo for use as reinforcing material in light emergency concrete constructions where steer is not available or economically justified, but bamboo and labor are available in quantity. AD-703 222 HC A1 3 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Recent Historical Plant Geography of Marti- nique. I. Final rept. Clarissa Therese Kimber. Dec 69, 277p Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0001 Continuation of Contract Nonr-2300(09). See also AD-703 223. Descriptors: "Geography, Plants(Botany), "Map- ping, Plants(Botany), "Lesser antilles, "Plants(Botany), Trees, Shrubs, Ecology, Selec- tion, History, Classification, Identification, Terrain, Rock(Geology), Volcanoes, Mountains, Hydrology, Soils, Deserts, Grasses, Economics, Sociology, Maps, Tropical regions. Identifiers: Martinique Islands, Rain forests, Forest plantations, Vegetation, Ornamental plants. The report contains historical developments in the plant geography of the tropical French island of Martinique. Changing geographic patterns of vege- tation and changing roles of those processes are discussed. AD-703 223 HC A1 1 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Recent Historical Plant Geography of Marti- nique, li. Final rept. Clarissa Therese Kimber. Dec 69, 244p Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0001 Continuation of Contract Nonr-2300(09). See also AD-703 222 and AD-703 224. Descriptors: "Geography, Plants(Botany), "Map- ping, Plants(Botany), "Lesser antilles, 8 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES 'Plants(Botany), Trees, Agriculture, Swamps, Grasses, History, Regeneration, Rainfall, Shrubs, Fruits, Vegetables, Terrain, Seacoast, Maps, Tropical regions, Islands. Identifiers: Martinique Island, Forest plantations, Rain forests, Ornamental plants, Vegetation. In 1 963 geographic patterns of vegetation for the island of Martinique West Indies were mapped at different scales. The report contains maps and his- torical sketches showing modifications in the agri- cultural system and technological changes. AD-703 224 HC A1 3 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program Recent Historical Plant Geography of Marti- nique. III. Final rept. Clarissa Therese Kimber. Dec 69, 298p Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0001 Continuation of Contract Nonr-2300(09). See also AD-702 223. Descriptors: 'Geography, Plants(Botany), "Map- ping, Plants(Botany), 'Lesser antilles, 'Plants(Botany), Trees, Mountains, Shrubs, Ter- rain, Rainfall, Agriculture, Soils, Classification, Seacoast, Grasses, Vegetables, Fruits, Islands, History, Maps, Aerial photographs, Tropical re- gions. Identifiers: 'Martinique Island, Rain forests, Forest plantations, Ornamental plants, Vegetation. In 1 963 the actual geographic patterns of vegeta- tion for the island of Martinique, West Indies, were mapped at different scales. The vegetation of the lower elevations was mapped completely and the mountain vegetation was sampled. Some 59 plant cover units were distinguished in the field for map- ping which were classified into vegetation types and used in discussions of vegetation patterns. AD-703 232 HC A1 9 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Trogram Modernization in a Regional Context: Preth- eory and Practice in Western Nigeria. Final rept. Thomas Harden Eighmy. Oct 69, 447p Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0001 Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ., Madison, Dept. of Geography. Continuation of Contract Nonr-2300(09). Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Nigeria, Reviews, Man- agement planning, Environment, Agriculture, Com- merce, Urban areas, Rural areas, Government(Foreign), Population, Roads, Com- munication systems, Factor analysis, Attitudes, Mathematical prediction. Identifiers: Modernization. Modernization, viewed in a regional setting, is a process resulting jointly in areal integration and dif- ferentiation. A conceptual spatial model of mod- ernization is proposed. The arguments developed are applied to Western Nigeria in relation to the location of agricultural production, the develop- ment of a system of periodic food markets, and the unequal modernization of the large preindustrial Yoruba towns. Measurement of the spatial aspects of modernization is achieved through the use of principal components analysis with components scores, regression analysis with residuals, and trend surface fitting. (Author) AD-703 235 HC A1 7 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington D C Foreign Field Research Program The Milk Supply of Major Indian Cities. Final rept. Richard A. Ellefsen. 1964, 386p Contract N00014-67-A-0244-0001 Continuation of Contract Nonr-2300(09). Descriptors: 'Milk, Production, 'Urban planning, 'India, Food, Problem solving, Economics, Rural areas, Production control, Bovines, Terrain, Orga- nizations, Predictions, Management planning, Dis- tribution. Identifiers: Demand(Economics), Delhi(lndia), Bombay(lndia), Madras(lndia), Calcutta(lndia). The paper examines the milk industry in India in detail in order to point up its problems. The recent efforts towards improvement are ' assessed; an overview of the entire country is presented along with an intensive examination of the present and potential milk-supplying hinterlands for Delhi, Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. Emphasis throughout the work is on the areal and locational aspects of the milk supply. (Author) AD-703 884 HCA18MFA01 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research Desert Research: Selected References 1965- 1968. Technical rept. Patricia Paylore, and W. G. McGinnies. Dec 69, 41 9p* ES-52 Contract DAAG 1 7-67-C-0 1 99 Descriptors: 'Deserts, 'Bibliographies, Plants(Botany), Mammals, Climatology, Hydrology, Seacoast, Economics, Geography, Social sci- ences, Agriculture, Geology, Ecology, Tropical re- gions, Abstracts. Identifiers: Landforms, Geomorphology, Ground water. The report consists of a selection of 1 ,094 refer- ences (many of which are annotated) to worldwide desert literature for the period 1 965-1 968, together with an appendix of 385 references published before 1965, with the emphasis on vegetation, fauna, geomorphology and surface hydrology, weather and climate, surface materials, geohydro- logy, regional geography, and desert coastal areas, as well as a limited number dealing with var- ious aspects of the human, cultural, economic, and political geography of deserts. Titles have been permuted to provide an index of significant keywords. (Author) AD-704 160 HC A03 MF A01 Mcgill Univ Montreal (Quebec) Dept of Geography The Savanna Landscapes of the Amazon Basin. Technical rept. on Savanna Research Project Theo L Hills. Jul 69, 50p Rept nos. TR-15, Savanna Research Series- 14 Contract Nonr-3855(00) Descriptors: 'Plants(Botany), Distribution, 'Clima- tology, 'British Guiana, Classification, Trees, Rain- fall, Ecology, Soils, Moisture, Grasses, Shrubs, Swamps, Tropical regions, Forest fires, Rivers, Canada. Identifiers: 'Savanna landscapes, Amazon River, Vegetation. The following hypothesis is presented and de- fended. Climate is a predisposing factor, not a de- termining factor. Climate, characterised as it is in many parts of the Amazon Basin by a distinctive dry season of up to seven months in length, as in the Rupununi-Rio Branco region, often makes the presence of tropical rain forest problematical and predisposes. the environment towards the develop- ment of savanna vegetation. Low soil fertility and laterite are frequently considered as prime deter- minants of savanna vegetation but here they are considered as features associated with savanna landscapes, especially on senile, pediplaned sur- faces. Ocassionally they may be resultant factors, as when the nutrient cycle is broken after the dis- appearance of forest cover. Fire, which is also fre- quently considered a prime determinant, is gener- ally a maintaining factor, but in limited areas may be causal, in the sense that it is immediate in chronological terms. The stage of geomorphic evolution and the dominant geomorphic processes in the landscape are those factors which most di- rectly influence the position and behaviour of the water table, the soil moisture regime, the soil nutri- ent cycle, the ecoclimates of the region and thus, the distribution of forest and savanna. (Author) AD-704 261 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis HC A04 MF A01 Properties of Imported Tropical Woods. Forest Service research paper B. Francis Kukachka. Mar 70, 69p* Rept no. FSRP-FPL-125 Presented at the Conference on Tropical Hard- woods, State University College of Forestry, Syra- cuse Univ., 18-21 Aug 69. Descriptors: 'Wood, Physical properties, 'Tropical regions, Wood, Classification, Machinability, Shrinkage, Flexural strength, Statistical data, Me- chanicalproperties Identifiers: Heartwoods, Sapwoods. Descriptions are of more than 1 00 tropical genera and generic groups of wood are provided, with em- phasis on properties that affect their utilization. Bo- tanical names, common names, and principal growth areas are included. (Author) AD-706 398 HC A02 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology, Epidemiology, Distribution and Abun- dance of Flying Vertebrates of Tropical delta Forest Environments. Final rept. Nov 67-21 Aug 69 Philip S. Humphrey. 21 Aug 69, 4p AFOSR-70- 1408TR Grant AF-AFOSR- 1407-68 Descriptors: 'Birds, Tropical regions, Epidemio- logy, Ecology, Distribution, Morphology(Biology), Reproduction(Physiology), Parasites, Mites, Ticks, Arboviruses, Infections, Brazil. Field work at the Guama Ecological Research Area on the outskirts of Belem, Brazil, continued through 21 August 1969. The data consist of infor- mation on birds captured with mist nets in three tropical forest environments: high ground (terra firme) forest, igapo or permanent swamp forest, and riverine or varzea swamp forest which is flooded by tidally induced fluctuations of the river level. The following information was recorded: band number, weight and amount of subcutaneous fat, indications of reporduction such as brood patches or cloacal protuberances, detailed notes on molt if any, sex, age, presence or absence of Trombiculid mites, number of ticks if any, net number, shelf of net in which bird was captured, time, soft part colors if necessary for subsequent sexing and aging, degree of skull ossification and color of excrement if this might provide clues as to food habits. Generally a small blood sample was taken and a blood smear made. The smear was for later examination for haemaparasites. The blood sample was used for virus isolation' and then tested for antibodies to eighteen different arbovir- uses by a haemaglutination-inhibition test, or tested for antibodies against one of three viruses including St. Louis Encephalitis by a neutralization test in tissue culture. AD-707 560 HC A03 MF A01 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem (Israel) Dept of Sociology Innovation, Social Exchange, and Institutionalization. Final scientific rept. S. N. Eisenstadt. 15 Feb 70, 42p AFOSR-70- 1634TR Grant AF-EOAR-23-67 Descriptors: 'Culture, Group dynamics, 'Social psychology, Pattern recognition, Organizations, At- titudes, Interactions, Urban areas, Rural areas, India, Western Europe, Latin America, Commu- nism. Identifiers: Developing countries, Status segrega- tion, Intelligentsia. A summary report is made on a comparative study of the conditions under which innovation and change are accepted in developing nations. It is shown that major determinants of status segrega- tion as over against status association does not lie in socio-demographic factors but in the relation be- tween status group and control center (govern- ment). Different types of status segregation are closely correlated with their access to and 'dis- tance' from the central control; while increase in class association is correlated with the degree of participation in 'center' formation. These patterns 9 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES are illustrated by comparative analyses of Asian and Latin American countries. (Author) AD-709 715 HC A09 MF A01 Army Research Office Durham N C Optimum Subsurface and Underground Shell Structures for Better Housing in Hot-Arid Lands. Part I: A Case for Subsurface and Un- derground Housing In Hot-Arid Lands. Part II: Optimization of Subsurface and Underground Shells. Interim technical rept. no. 1 Sudhir Kumar, and Jason Cheng-Chuan Shih. Apr 70, 179p* Research in Some Aspects of Fluid and Solid Me- chanics. Descriptors: "Underground structures, Structural shells, 'Housing, Underground structures, Re- views, Construction materials, Numerical analysis, Tropical regions. Identifiers: 'Subsurface housing, 'Underground housing. This report consists of two distinct parts. A case was made for subsurface and underground hous- ing in hot-arid lands in Part I. This includes discus- sions of environmental conditions, past develop- ments of subsurface housing, new conceptual de- signs for dwellings, apartments, complexes of large and multiple buildings and transportation tun- nels, etc. Part II of the report presents analytical optimization of subsurface cylindrical shells and completely underground shells, with a view to keep at a minimum the quantity of material used in the shells. The subsurface cylindrical shells are opti- mized by limit analysis, whereas the optimum shape and thickness distribution of the under- ground shells is determined by elastic analysis. Shapes of several shells have been determined as examples and design charts for general use have been prepared for all these shells. (Author) AD-709 718 HC A02 MF A01 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis Natural Decay Resistance of 30 Peruvian Woods. Forest Service research paper T. L Highley, and T. C. Scheffer. Jul 70, 6p* Rept no. FSRP-FPL-143 Descriptors: "Wood, 'Fungus deterioration, 'Peru, Wood, Tropical deterioration, Exposure, Damage, Wear resistance, Weight, Classification, Resistance(Biological), Statistical data, Test meth- ods. Identifiers: Hardwoods, Decay resistant wood. Thirty Peruvian species of possible commercial significance were evaluated by soil-block testing for resistance to decay fungi. The tests indicated that 25 percent of the species would be resistant or highly resistant for use in contact with the ground and that 50 percent of the species would be resistant or highly resistant for use above ground. Decay resistance was found to be sub- stantially correlated with the specific gravity of the various species. (Author) AD-714 914 PC A09 MF A01 Army Foreign Science and Technology Center Washington D C Excerpts from Treatments for Textile Materi- als. P. A. Simigin, M. N. Zusman, and F. I. Raikhlin. 16 Jun 70, 186p Rept no. FSTC-HT-23-6 13-70 Trans, of mono. Zashchitnye Propitki Tekstilnykh Materialov, Moscow, 1 957. Descriptors: 'Cellulose, 'Fungus deterioration, 'Fungus proofing, Cellulose, Textiles, Fungus proofing, 'Fungicides, Cellulose, 'Moistureproof- ing, Textiles, 'Fire resistant textiles, Manufacturing methods, Cotton textiles, Photochemistry, Micro- organisms, Copper compounds, Chromium com- pounds, Test methods, Chromates, USSR. Identifiers: 'Tanning materials, 'Biodeterioration, Translations. The book describes methods of treatment giving cellulose materials resistance to the effects of micro-organisms (to rotting), and giving fabric made of cellulose fibers water repellant and fire re- sistant properties, and also preventing the devel- opment of moths on silk materials. The book also presents modern methods of testing these treated materials. (Author) AD-715 802 PC A08 MF A01 Pennsylvania State Univ University Park The Impact of Modernization in the Philippines Technical rept. no. 2 George M. Guthrie. Aug 67, 174p Contract Nonr-656(37), ARPA Order-855 Prepared in cooperation with Ateneo de Manila (Republic of the Philippines). See also Technical rept. no. 1 , AD-656 1 22, and Technical rept. no. 3, AD-689 868. Descriptors: 'Philippines, Economics, 'Anthropol- ogy, Philippines, Industries, Fishes, Food, Culture, Children, Personality, Linguistics. Identifiers: 'Modernization, 'Economic develop- ment. Contents: The fishing industry of Estancia, lloilo; Cultural differences in the use of guilt and shame in child rearing: a review of the research on the Phil- ippines and other non-western societies; The ante- cedents and correlates of aiding responses: a review of the literature; and Cognitive mapping in the Tagalog area. AD-715 871 PC A07 MF A01 Duke Univ Durham N C Weight and Energy Values of Selected Litter- Fall Components from Two Forest Stands in the Canal Zone Republic of Panama. Final rept. 5 May 67-4 Nov 70, 10 Frank W. / Woods 1970, 127p AROD-7382:2-EN Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G938 Descriptors: 'Forestry, 'Panama, 'Plant tissue, Sampling, Weight, Trees, Deposits, Shrubs, Degra- dation, Energy, Moisture, Ecology, Site selection, Tropical regions. Identifiers: 'Forest litter, Vegetational decay. Weights of selected plant parts and species com- posing litter fall were measured for more than one year in two forest stands in the Canal Zone. One stand was on the Caribbean side, the other on the Pacific. Seasonal values for kilograms and kiloca- lories per hectare were computed. (Author) AD-716 235 Chicago Univ III Dept of Geography Rural Markets and Trade in East Africa. A Study of the Functions and Development of Exchange Institutions in Ankole, Uganda. Research paper Charles M. Good. 1970, 272p RP-128, NAS- NRC-FFRP-39 Contract Nonr-2300(09) Prepared in cooperation with San Fernando Valley State Coll. Availability: Paper copy available from The Univer- sity of Chicago, Dept. of Geography ^ 1 101 E. 58th St., Chicago, III. 60637. $4.50. No copies furnished byDDCorNTIS. Descriptors: 'Economics, Subsaharan Africa, 'Commerce, 'Subsaharan Africa, Organizations, Rural areas, Reviews, Distribution(Economics), Classification, Statistical data, Behavior, Factor analysis. Identifiers: Ankole(Uganda), 'Uganda, Developing countries, 'East Africa, Exchanging. The study is organized into two parts, the first of which is concerned with the nature of the Ankole market system in 1 968. It begins with an overview of the survey area, including a discussion of field procedures and methods, by a typology of mar- kets, a comparative analytical profile of African traders based on some 900 interviews, and an analysis of the spatial behavior of market consum- ers. Part 2 endeavors to place the contemporary marketing system in historical perspective. (Author) AD-716 403 PC A02 MF A01 Yale Univ New Haven Conn School of Forestry Moisture Absorption in Certain Tropical Ameri- can Woods (Revised). Technical rept. M. R. Samborski, G. T. Tsoumis, and Frederick F. Wangaard. 1 Jun 49, 20p Rept no. TR-8 Contract N6ori-44 Descriptors: 'Wood, Moisture, Salts, Water, Distri- bution, Test methods, Statistical data, Absorption. Identifiers: 'Tropical woods. The report supplements and summarizes an earlier one of the same title and covers a study undertak- en as part of a continuing investigation of the prop- erties of tropical woods. The purpose of this partic- ular phase of the research program was to deter- mine the amount of absorbed moisture and its dis- tribution pattern when wood is submerged in salt water. Data on 25 tropical American species were presented in the original report and are now sup- plemented by similar data on 18 additional spe- cies. Burma Teak, White Oak, and Douglas Fir were included for comparison, and summary rat- ings for all 46 species, based on side-grain and over-all moisture absorption, are included. (Author) AD-716 740 PC A03 MF A01 Naval Research Lab Washington D C Biological Deterioration of Wood in Tropical Environments. Part 2. Marine Borer Resistance of Natural Woods over Long Periods of Immer- sion. Final rept. C. R. Southwell, J. D. Bultman, B. W. Forgeson, and C. W. Hummer. 7 Dec 70, 47p Rept no. NRL-7123 See also Part 1 , AD-653 856. Descriptors: 'Wood, Degradation, 'Tropical dete- rioration, Wood, 'Marine borers, Wood, Resistance(Biological), Sea water, Identification, Tropical regions, Crustacea, Mollusca, Panama, Trees. Identifiers: Teredo, Pholad, Limnoria, Panama Canal Zone, Biological deterioration. One hundred and fifteen wood species have been exposed to marine borers in three different tropical waters for periods up to 90 months. Underwater sites were in the Panama Canal Zone and included two oceans and a brackish-water lake. Over 30 species of marine-boring organisms were identi- fied from these waters; their extreme activity in the warm tropical environments provided a very thor- ough screening test for the woods. Samples have been evaluated separately for resistance to the three principal borer classes-teredo, pholad, and limnoria. Several of the woods were resistant to one or more of the borer types. Some of these re- sistant species are relatively unknown as marine construction timbers, and in some instances they proved to be more durable than Greenheart, Teak, and other commercial marine woods. The species most resistant to all borers was Dalbergia retusa (Cocobolo), whose oily extract may provide leads to a satisfactory wood preservative. The woods most resistant to each of the different classes of borers are tabulated, with their respective silica content and density included. Silica was shown to be significant only in relation to teredine borers, while wood density was important only with pho- lads. Woods considered to be of special interest because of findings in the study are discussed indi- vidually. (Author) AD-717 965 PC A07 MF A01 Bermuda Biological Station St George'S West Primary and Secondary Production In the Tropical Atlantic Final rept. Aug 67-Sep 69 David M. Steven, Albert L. Brooks, and Euna A. Moore. Dec 70, 132p Contract N00014-67-A-0432-0001 Prepared in cooperation with Bellairs Research Inst., St. James (Barbados), McGill Univ., Montreal (Quebec). Marine Sciences Centre, and University of the West Indies (Barbados). Dept. of Biology. SeealsoAD-614 791. Descriptors: 'Ecology, 'Atlantic Ocean, Plankton, Salinity, Fertility, Nutrition, Sea water, Chemical 10 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES properties, Chlorophylls, Aquatic animals, Periodic variations. Identifiers: "Primary biological productivity, 'Bio- logical productivity. Forty-eight collections were made for a study of primary and secondary production at a station in 460 m of water, between 29 August 1967 and 1 September 1 969, and 22 additional collections at 17 deep water stations within a radius of 100 miles from Barbados. Primary production by carbon fix- ation lacked seasonal variation and annual pro- duction was estimated at 1 1 7 g C /sq m/year. Pre- dictable seasonal variations were also lacking in concentrations of nutrients and in the composition and quantity of phytoplankton and zooplankton. However evidence was obtained of oscillations with a two to four months' periodicity in the con- centration of chlorophyll and the numbers of Tri- chodesmium, which is the most important phyto- plankton of the surface waters. This is tentatively ascribed to a short term growth and decay cycle which may be determined by grazing by zooplank- ton. Additional information was obtained on an in- verse correlation between salinity and silicate con- centration in the surface water previously reported. The low salinity/high silicate water found off Bar- bados at various times from January to August ap- pears to originate with the Amazon River outflow and is identified with the fresh water lenses some 500 miles to the east of the island. (Author) AD-720 097 PC A02 MF A01 Naval Oceanographic Office Washington D C Biology and Distribution of the Yellowfin Tuna in the Tropical Part of Atlantic Ocean (Blolo- !|lya I Raspredelenie Zheltoperogo Tuntsa Neothunnus albacora Lowe) v Tropicheskoi Chasti Atlanticheskogo Okeana) V. L. Zharov, and Yu. A. Torin. 1971, 14p Rept no. NOO-Trans-468 Trans, of Atlanticheskii Nauchno-lssledovatelskii Institut Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii. Trudy (USSR) v1 1 p27-35 1 964, by M. Slessers. Descriptors: "Fishes, Distribution, 'Marine biology, "Atlantic Ocean, Abundance, Exploration, Volume, Sea water, Surface temperatures, Salinity, Phos- phates, Seacoast, Tropical regions, South Amer- ica, Africa, USSR. Identifiers: Translations, *Tunas, Salt water fishes, "Animal migrations, Neothunous albacora. The paper discusses the Soviet observations of tuna fishes which were carried out in the coastal belt of S America, W Africa and the tropical zone of the Atlantic Ocean during 1959-1962. Since the species consists of two distinct groups, larger and smaller tunas, the distribution, migration and con- centrations of these groups are charted separate- ly, pointing out the hydrological conditions that favor the concentrations of these fishes, i.e., the upwelling, convergence and divergence belts, vari- ations of water temperature, salinity and phospho- rus content. (Author) AD-722 000 PC A02 MF A01 Pennsylvania State Univ University Park The Impact of Modernization In The Philippines Final technical rept. George M. Guthrie. Jan 70, 12p Contract Nonr-656(37), ARPA Order-855 Prepared in cooperation with Ateneo de Manila Univ., Philippines. Descriptors: 'Philippines, Economics, Reviews, Agriculture, Rural areas, Radio equipment, Jet planes, Television communication systems, Roads, Industries, Education, Police. Identifiers: "Developing countries, Surveys, "Eco- nomic development, Modernization. The report gives a brief summary of the findings of some 34 individual papers which had come from this project as of the end of the contract period. It includes also a brief summary of the collaborative effort between Penn State and Ateneo de Manila University in carrying out and publishing these var- ious papers. Major findings include pervasive social patterns of leveling which tend to diminish the benefit to individuals of innovative efforts but, at the same time, spread the risk of losses. The traditional way of life is maintained because it offers more security than ways which might be considered more modern. These general patterns emerged strongly in studies of farmers, fishermen and market vendors. Other studies were con- cerned with nutritional status in rural areas and with factors which maintained a level of nutrition in which growth and resistance to infection were ad- versely affected. Still other studies were con- cerned with the persistence of traditional patterns in social organization of government structures, particularly the police. (Author) AD-723 062 PC A09 MF A01 Arizona Univ Tucson Inst of Arid Lands Research Desert Research, li: Selected References 1966- 1970 Technical rept. Patricia Paylore. Sep 70, 177p* ES-60 Contract DAAG 1 7-67-C-0 1 99 See also report dated Dec 69, AD-703 884. Descriptors: "Deserts, "Bibliographies, Strati- graphy, Erosion, Wind, Climatology, Plants(Botany), Animals, Structural geology, Hy- drology, Tropical regions, Micrometeorology, Ge- ography, Soils, Irrigation systems, Agriculture, Water supplies, Desert tests, Abstracts. Identifiers: Landforms, Geomorphology, Hydro- geology. The report consists of 594 references to worldwide desert literature appearing between 1966 and 1 970, as located during the period January 1 969 to August 1 970 in standard abstracting and indexing tools, by continuing searches in sources not so in- dexed, and by a worldwide network of direct con- tacts. It is arranged alphabetically by authors, with a brief index of subject geographic terms. Brief ab- stracts are included, with emphasis on arid lands aspects of such topics as geomorphology, weather and climate, vegetation, fauna, surface materials, hydrology, and geography. (Author) AD-727 713 PC A02 MF A01 Air Univ Maxwell AFB Ala Arctic Desert Tropic In- formation Center Plant Sources of Water in Southeast Asia Aug 69, 11p Rept no. ADTIC-lnformation Bull-7-A Descriptors: "Plants(Botany), "Southeast Asia, "Water, Sources, Instruction manuals, Survival, Identification, Site selection, Tropical regions. Topics include: How to tap a tree; Cutting water vines; Descriptive data on thirst quenchers. AD-728 482 PC A03 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. I. Introduction Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 Philip S. Humphrey. Jun 71, 28p AROD-7184:1- EN-Pt-1 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 2, AD-728 483. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, Trees, Plants(Botany), Birds, Am- phibians, Reptiles, Arthropods, Disease vectors, Virus diseases, Epidemiology, Data processing systems, Entomology, Environment, Animals, Brazil. Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. A program of studies on the ecology and epidemio- logy of tropical forest environments in the Guama Ecological Research Reserves near Belem, Brazil, was initiated January 1966 and is still underway. The Guama Ecological Research Reserves com- prise approximately 340 hectares and include the following tropical forest environments: the terra firme forest, varzea swamp forest, igapo swamp forest and second growth forest. Each of the re- serves was subdivided into 10 x 10 meter num- bered quadrats in terms of which data were col- lected for the following: soils, meteorology, botany, mycology, entomology, terrestrial vertebrates, and arthropod-borne viruses (including the vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors). The present report includes: discussion of method of data collection, analysis and interpretation; description of the Guama Ecological Research Reserves; analysis of the tree vegetation of the Reserves; analysis of the distribution of birds, amphibians, and lizards in the tropical forest environment of the Reserves; and analysis of the arthropod-borne virus epidemiology of the Reserves. (Author) AD-728 483 PC A03 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. II. The Guama Ecological Research Re- serves Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 Philip S. Humphrey. Jun 71, 28p AROD-7184:1- EN-Pt-2 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 1, AD-728 482 and Part 3, AD-728 484. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, "Meteorology, Tropical regions, Environment, Climatology, Temperature, Humidity, Brazil, Plants(Botany), Maps. Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. Contents: Facilities of the Guama Ecological Research Reserves; Meteorology of the Guama Ecological Research Reserves. AD-728 484 PC A04 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. III. Vegetation of the Guama Ecological Research Reserves Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 Philip S. Humphrey, and William H. Hatheway. Jun 71, 71p AROD-7184:1-EN-Pt-3 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 2, AD-728 483 and Part 4, AD-728 485. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, Trees, Brazil, Environment, Distri- bution, Meteorology, Distribution, Plants(Botany). Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. Contents: Preliminary analysis of the tree vegetation of the Mocambo Reserve; Analysis of the tree vegetation of the Aura, Catu, and Mocambo Reserves; The tropical forest environments. AD-728 485 PC A04 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. IV. Birds and Forest Environments In the Guama Ecological Research Reserves Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 Philip S. Humphrey, and William H. Hatheway. Jun 71, 63p AROD-7184:1-EN-Pt-4 Grant Da-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 3, AD-728 484, and Part 5, AD-728 486. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, "Birds, Tropical regions, Plants(Botany), Distribution, Environment, Maps, Disease vectors, Brazil. Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. Contents: Contingency table analysis of birds in the Guama Ecological Research Reserves; Distributions of bird species in relation to vegetational ordinations. AD-728 486 PC E01 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C 11 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. V. Diversity and Abundance Patterns of Lower Amazonian Rain Forest Birds Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 ' Thomas E. Lovejoy. Jun 71, 218 AROD-7184:1- EN-Pt-5 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also part 4, AD-728 485 and Part 6, AD-728 487. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, "Birds, Tropical regions, Meteorol- ogy, Distribution, Plants(Botany), Classification, Environment, Brazil. Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. Bird communities in four types of rain forest on the outskirts of Belem, Brazil were studied using cap- ture-recapture data collected from all levels of the forests from 1967 to 1969. During the course of the study about 1 5,000 bird captures were made. Diversity indices of the data demonstrate these to be some of the most diverse avian communities. Extremes of abundance and rarity seem to de- crease in bird communities with increasing num- bers of species. Vertical stratification and the pres- ence of between-habitat diversity is demonstrated. The more similar the tree species composition around two groups of nets, the more similar is the species composition of the birds caught in those two groups of nets. Despite the presence of be- tween-habitat diversity, there is considerable over- lap in abundant bird species between various forest types. Tropical rain forests and their bird communities have special properties which make ?eneralization from temperate situations difficult, his is shown by the high diversity and low equita- bility of Belem forest birds, the superiority of tree species composition to foliage height diversity as a predictor of bird species composition, and the high overlap in abundant bird species between forest types. AD-728 487 PC A08 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. VI. Quantitative Analysis of the Ecologi- cal Distribution of a Tropical Herpetofauna Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 Martha L. Crump. Jun 71, 153p AROD-7184:1- EN-Pt-6 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 5, AD-728 486 and Part 7, AD-728 488. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, "Amphibians, Tropical regions, Reptiles, Tropical regions, Distribution, Genetics, Physiology, Morphology(Biology), Environment, Adaptation(Physiology), Brazil. Identifiers: "Herpetology, "Guama Ecological Re- search Reserves. The ecological distribution of each of 62 species of frogs, salamanders, and lizards was determined by means of continuous sampling throughout the en- vironment from mid-January to the end of July, 1969, two weeks in April 1970, and June-July, 1 970. Each species exhibits a characteristic distri- bution, according to its genetic, morphological, and physiological make-up, its life cycle, its way of relating to the physical environment, and its inter- actions with other species. AD-728 488 PC A10 MF A01 Smithsonian Institution Washington D C Ecology of a Tropical Delta Forest Environ- ment. VII. APEG Epidemiology Program-1966 through March 1970 Final rept. Jan 66-Jun 71 John P. Woodall. Jun 71, 221 p AROD-7184:1- EN-Pt-7 Grant DA-ARO(D)-31-124-G896, DA-ARO(D)-31- 124-G1086 See also Part 6, AD-728 487. Descriptors: "Ecology, "Jungles, "Tropical re- gions, Ecology, "Arboviruses, Tropical regions, Brazil, Epidemiology, Viruses, Mammals, Birds, Culicidae, Entomology, Ticks, Mites, Disease vec- tors, Virus diseases, Distribution, Parasites, Culex. Identifiers: "Guama Ecological Research Re- serves. There is a large number of pathogenic arboviruses enzootic in forests of the APEG reserves. Trans- mission of these viruses by mosquitoes increases during periods of increased rainfall, between the birds and small mammals. Note that 5 arboviruses apparently new to science have been isolated from APEG material. These are: BeAn 84381 and BeAn 153564 of the Capim group, from sentinel mice, wild rodents and mosquitoes; BeAn 141106 (un- grouped) from a wild bird; BeAn 1 57575 (Kwatta group), also from wild birds; and BeAn 116382 (Guama group) from sentinel mice. Also 29 spe- cies of ectoparasitic trombiculid mites new to sci- ence have been described from material collected in APEG. AD-730 939 PC A03 MF A01 Harvard Univ Cambridge Mass East Asian Re- search Center Production Brigade and Team Management John C. Pelzel. 5 Oct 71, 35p AFOSR-TR-71- 2624 Contract AF 49(638)-1399 Descriptors: "Management engineering, Produc- tion, "China, Management engineering, Rural areas, Agriculture, Labor. The report is based on case studies of manage- ment practices of twenty rural production teams belonging to one production brigade in southern Kwangtung and Fukien provinces. It describes the way in which Production Brigade and Teams were organized and managed, and the produce distrib- uted. (Author) AD-731 719 PC A04 MF A01 California Univ Berkeley Structural Engineering Lab Solving the Galvanic Cell Problem in Ferro- Cement Interim technical rept. Kenneth A. Christensen, and Robert Brady Williamson. Jul 71, 67p Rept nos. UCSESM-71- 14, TR-2 Contract N00014-69-A-0200-1007 Report on Structures and Materials Research. Descriptors: "Reinforced concrete, "Corrosion, "Electrolytic cells, Reinforced concrete, Cements, Steel, Reinforcing materials, Inhibition, Barrier coatings, Additives, Chromium compounds, Oxides, Construction materials. Identifiers: "Ferrocement, Galvanic corrosion, Chromium oxides. The nature and constitution of ferro-cement is re- viewed with special reference to the structure of cement paste. The microstructure of low water to- cement ratio pastes is presented in schematic il- lustrations to show that a thin paste layer can be used to protect steel reinforcing material from a marine environment. A galvanic cell between the plain steel reinforcing bar and the galvanized steel mesh ordinarily used in ferro-cement is identified. This galvanic cell gives off hydrogen gas at the plain steel reinforcing bar which leads to poor bonding. Possible solutions to this problem are presented and one, the use of chromium trioxide (Cr03) in the mix water, is shown to solve the prob- lem most effectively. This leads to improved me- chanical properties as well as a sounder barrier to corrosion of the reinforcement. (Author) AD-740 285 PC A03/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Design, Analysis, and Construction of Precast Concrete Elements with Bamboo Reinforce- ment Eugene F. Smith, and Kenneth L. Saucier. Feb 65, 35p Rept no. AEWES-Misc-Paper-6-705 Descriptors: "Reinforced concrete, Design, "Wood, Reinforced concrete, "Structures, Rein- forced concrete, Grasses, Tropical regions, Loading(Mechanics), Deflection, Flexural strength, Feasibility studies, Military requirements, Beams(Structural), Aging(Matenals), Tests. Identifiers: "Bamboo reinforced concrete, "Pre- cast concrete. The purpose of the research program was to study the feasibility of using bamboo as the reinforcing material in precast concrete elements in tropical and semi-tropical countries. The objectives were to: (1) modify current ultimate strength design and area-moment procedures, as necessary, so that ultimate moments and deflections of bamboo-rein- forced concrete elements can be reasonably esti- mated, and (2) to determine the load-carrying ca- pabilities and deflection limitations of precast con- crete flexural elements with bamboo reinforce- ment under both short-term and sustained loads. AD-743 436 PC A02/MF A01 Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg Miss Design, Analysis, and Construction of Precast Concrete Elements with Bamboo Reinforce- ment Kenneth L. Saucier, and Eugene F. Smith. Sep 67, 20p Rept no. AEWES-MTsc-Paper-6-926 Descriptors: "Structural parts, "Reinforced con- crete, "Reinforced concrete, Wood, Loading(Mechanics), Design, Feasibility studies, Structural properties, Military engineering. Identifiers: "Bamboo, Precast concrete. The purpose was to study the feasibility of using bamboo as the reinforcing material in precast con- crete elements. The objectives were to: (1) deter- mine the load-carrying capabilities and deflection limitations of precast concrete flexural elements with bamboo reinforcement under both short-term and sustained loads; and (2) modify current ulti- mate strength design and area-moment proce- dures, as necessary, so that ultimate moments and deflections of bamboo-reinforced concrete ele- ments can be reasonably estimated. (Author) AD-744 691 PC A03/MF A01 Forest Products Lab Madison Wis FPL (Forest Products Laboratory) Designs Meet Family Housing Needs Forest Service research paper G. E. Sherwood. 1972, 30p* Rept no. FSRP-FPL- 173 Descriptors: "Housing, Design, Construction, Con- struction materials, Wood, Foundations(Structures), Costs, Rural areas, Questionnaires. Identifiers: "Low cost housing, "Rural housing. The Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) has devel- oped five house plans for low-cost rural houses to demonstrate cost-saving principles of construc- tion. The plans feature simplicity of design, but pro- vide structurally sound houses that fulfill the needs of many families. A questionnaire was mailed to 1 ,620 individuals who requested and were sent the FPL plans during 1 969. A total of 1 , 1 29 responded. The replies indicated that 225 houses had been built and that 318 houses were planned for future construction. Ninety-three percent of the reported costs were less than $12,000; 92 percent indicated incomes of less than $7,000. In general, the survey results show that structurally sound houses can be built to meet the needs of low-income families at prices they can affort to pay. (Author) AD-746 489 PC A02/MF A01 Northwestern Univ Evanston III Dept of Biological Sciences Control of Flies and Cockroaches by Insect Hormones Annual rept. no. 1, 1 Aug 71-31 Jul 72 Lawrence I. Gilbert. 10 Aug 72, 13p Contract N00014-67-A-0356-0024 Descriptors: "Insect control, "Hormones, "Blatti- dae, Insect control, Blood proteins, Chemical bonds, Labeled substances, Muscidae, Chromato- graphic analysis, Metabolism, Biochemistry. Identifiers: "Cockroaches, Juvenile hormones, Do- pamine, Cuticle, Tanning materials. 12 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The research described deals with two subjects; hormone receptors in insects and the tanning of the insect cuticle. If either process can be inter- fered with, one would have an effective means of insect control. Receptor studies using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated the existence of two protein receptors in the crus- tacean hepatopancaeas that bind label from 3H- ecdysone (molting hormone). Microchemical anal- ysis demonstrated that the label was now due to a previously undescribed ecdysone metabolite. Ex- periments with the lipoidal juvenile hormone showed that a specific hemolymph (blood) lipopro- tein binds 14C-juvenile hormone. Using column chromatography, electrophoresis, and immunolo- gical procedures, the author has shown that 14C- dopamine (a central compound in tanning of the cuticle) is metabolized by two different routes in the tobacco hornworm. The immunochemical and radiotracer studies demonstrate for the first time that these hemolymph carrier proteins do indeed traverse the epidermal cell to make their way unal- tered into the cuticle undergoing tanning. (Author) AD-748 582 PC A03/MF A01 Naval Civil Engineering Lab Port Hueneme Calif Flexural Strength of Ferro-Cement Panels Technical rept. J. E. Tancreto, and H. H. Haynes. Aug 72, 38p* Rept no. NCEL-TR-772 Descriptors: "Reinforced concrete, Flexural strength, Panels(Structural), Steel, Wire, Reinforc- ing materials, Fracture(Mechanics), Composite materials. Identifiers: "Ferrocement. The report studies ferro-cement panels reinforced with plain steel woven wire mesh and subjected to flexural loads to determine the first cracking, visi- ble cracking, and ultimate strength properties. The reinforcement variables were mesh size (which ranged from 2 x 2 to 14 x 14 wires/in.), wire diame- ter (which ranged from 0.01 1 to 0.041 inch), and percentage of steel (which ranged from 1 to 3% by area in the direction of principal stress). Control panels of unreinforced mortar and panels rein- forced with chicken wire or steel rods were also tested. (Author) AD-749 272 PC A03/MF A01 Applied Scientific Research Corp of Thailand Bangkok Tropical Environmental Data (Trend): Coopera- tive Research Programme Number 27. Ecosys- tem Study of Tropical Dry-Evergreen Forest. Report number 1. Primary Production in Dry- Evergreen Forest at Sakaerat Amphoe Pak Thong Chai, Changwat Nakhon Ratchasima. I. Estimation of Biomass and Distribution Amongst Various Organs Sanga Sabhasri, Choob Khemnark, Sanit Aksornkoae, and Padoem Ratisoonthorn. 1 968, 40p See also AD-749 273. Descriptors: "Forestry, Tropical regions, "Rainfall, Thailand, Trees, Micrometeorology, Shrubs, Dete- rioration, Organic materials, Weight, Statistical data, Ecology. Identifiers: "Dry-evergreen forests, "Biomass, Bio- logical productivity. The present investigation is part of an ecosystem study of a dry-evergreen forest at the Sakaerat Ex- periment Station in Amphoe Pak Thong Chai, Changwat Nakhon Ratchasima in the north-east- ern region of Thailand. This report is concerned with an initial examination of the biomass (weight of living plant material), as one step in assessing the primary production in the forest. Estimates of primary productivity in various habitats throughout the world are of major importance in relation to the global potential for food production. (Author) AD-749 273 PC A02/MF A01 Applied Scientific Research Corp of Thailand Bangkok Tropical Environmental Data (Trend): Coopera- tive Research Programme Number 27. Ecosys- tem Study of Tropical Dry-Evergreen Forest. Report number 2. Structure and Florlstic Com- position of Forest Vegetation at Sakaerat, Pak Thong Chai, Nakhon Ratchasima. I. Variation of Florlstic Composition along a Transect through Dry-Evergreen and Dry Dipterocarp Forests Sanga Sabhasri, Ath Boonnitee, Choob Khemnark, and Sanit Aksornekoae. 1 968, 25p See also AD-749 272. Descriptors: "Forestry, Tropical regions, "Rainfall, "Thailand, Plants(Botany), Ecology, Sampling, Or- ganic materials, Terrain, Statistical data, Classifi- cation. Identifiers: Dry-evergreen forests, Plant communi- ties, Vegetation. As part of an ecosystem study of dry-evergreen forest and associated dry dipterocarp forest at the Sakaerat Experiment Station in Amphoe Pak Thong Chai, Changwat Nakhon Rachasima, in north-eastern Thailand, it has been decided to ex- amine the structure and floristic composition of various parts of the forests and to attempt to relate observed variations to various environmental and ecological factors. (Author) AD-750 351 PC A02/MF A01 Army Natick Labs Mass Disposal of Celluloslc Waste Materials by En- zymatic Hydrolysis Mary Mandels, Lloyd Hontz, and Dixon Brandt. 1972, 16p* Descriptors: "Cellulose, "Decomposition, "En- zymes, Cellulose, Disposal, Wastes(lndustrial), Wastes(Sanitary engineering), Glucose, Hydroly- sis, Production, Fungi, Cotton, Paper, Wood. Identifiers: "Biodeterioration, "Waste disposal, "Solid waste disposal, Celluloses, Bagasse, Rice hulls, Agricultural wastes, Trichoderma viride. The paper summarizes studies on pollution abate- ment by enzymatic conversion of waste cellulose to useful products. Cellulose is the major compo- nent of card board boxes, krafl paper, paper bags, correspondence paper, and newspring, or any other product of wood pulp or cotton. One ap- proach has been the direct conversion of cellulose to animal protein by ruminant feeding, or to single cell protein by growing bacteria or fungi on cellu- lose. The authors' approach has been a different one. Cellulose was converted to glucose by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. AD-753 455 PC A05/MF A01 Naval Personnel and Training Research Lab San Diego Calif Design and Fleet Trial of Automated Perform- ance Evaluation Forms for Two Pay Grade Groups: E5-E6 and E1-E4 Research rept. David W. Robertson, Marjorie H. Royle, and Jim James. Nov 72, 76p Rept no. SRR-73-1 1 Descriptors: "Naval personnel, Performance(Human), "Performance(Human), Re- ports, Wages, Reading machines, Design, Auto- mation. Identifiers: Performance evaluation. Alternative marking scales and coding procedures for each pay grade group were experimentally ad- ministered to a fleet sample. Two alternative Opti- cal Character Reader (OCR) forms, a mark-sense and a character-sense mode, were used to test the automated capability. All experimental forms pro- vided distributions of marks substantially more dis- criminating than the present operational form, es- pecially for the Pay Grade 5-6 group. Of special concern was the inflationary and stultifying effect of the present coding procedure, even on the new forms. Preparation time, discrepancy rate, and processing time were much higher for OCR and OMR type documents. Specific recommendations are provided for substantially improving both the source document design and the system design. (Author) AD-755 424 PC A03/MF A01 Naval Ship Research and Development Center Bethesda Md Comparison Study of Aluminum, Ferro- Cement, and Fiber-Reinforced Plastic for Small Craft In Korea Benjamin Whang. Dec 72, 37p Rept no. NSRDC- 3979 Descriptors: "Hulls(Marine), Materials, "Aluminum alloys, Hulls(Marine), "Reinforced concrete, Hulls(Marine), "Reinforced plastics, Hulls(Marine), Boats, Glass textiles, Polyester plastics, Physical properties, Costs, Abundance, Manufacturing methods, South Korea, Maintenance. Identifiers: "Ferrocement, "Fiber composites. The work compares aluminum, ferro-cement, and fiber-reinforced plastic in terms of small boat con- struction costs, strength-stiffness/weight charac- teristics, maintenance, fatigue, impact resistance, fire resistance, etc. within the framework of pres- ent day Korean technology and economics. (Author) AD-755 815 PC A03/MF A01 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab Han- over N H Icebergs as a Fresh Water Source: An Apprais- al Research rept. W. F. Weeks, and W. J. Campbell. Jan 73, 32p* Rept no. CRREL-RR-200 Descriptors: "Ice islands, "Water supplies, Site se- lection, Melting, Drag, Feasibility studies, Irrigation systems, Deserts, Transportation, Towed bodies, Sea ice, Water traffic, Antarctic regions. Identifiers: Icebergs, Arid land, Fresh water. A history of the idea of transporting large icebergs to arid regions to provide a fresh water source is presented and the problem is considered in four main parts: Locating a suitable supply of icebergs; Calculating the power requirements necessary to transport the icebergs to a location where fresh water is needed; Calculating the amount of ice that will be melted in transit; and, Estimating the overall economic feasibility of the venture. This paper is a preliminary look at each of these aspects of the problem. AD-758 524 Not available NTIS Pennsylvania State Univ University Park A Right to Survive: Subsistence Marketing in a Lowland Philippine Town Maria Cristina Blanc Szanton. Dec 72, 1 78p Contract Nonr-656(37), ARPA Order-855 Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 72-157769. International Standard Book no. 0-271-00555-6. Availability: Paper copy available from Pennsylva- nia State University Press, University Park, Pa. $8.00. Descriptors: "Economics, "Philippines, "Com- merce, Analysis, Food, Logistics, Sociometrics, Rural areas, Behavior, Management planning. Identifiers: Developing countries, Estancia(Philippines), "Subsistence marketing, Economic development, SD. A comprehensive analysis is made of the move- ment of food and supplies from their sources, through middlemen, to consumers in the public market-place of Estancia, lloilo, a town of 15,000 people located on the northeastern corner of Panay Island in the Philippines. An insight into the social and economic operations of this marketing process-extrapolated to underdeveloped coun- tries throughout the world-suggests action pro- grams for coping effectively with the impediments to progress which lie in many present production and marketing patterns. (Author Modified Abstract) AD-758 604 Reprint Malaya Univ Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) School of Biological Sciences Phenology of a Tropical Rain Forest in Malaya Lord Medway. May 72, 35p ARDG(FE)-312 Grant DA-CRD-AFE-S92-544-67-G80 Availability: Pub. in Biological Jnl. of the Linnean Society, v4 n2 p 1 1 7- 1 46 Jun 72. 13 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Descriptors: "Tropical regions, Forestry, "Malaya, *Plants(Botany), Periodic variations, Rain, Humid- ity, Jungles. Identifiers: Canopy trees, Flowering, Fruiting, Foliar activity, Tropical rain forests, Selangor(Malaysia), A. During 1960-69, observations were made of flowering, fruiting and foliar activity of 61 canopy trees (representing 45 species) in a largely undis- turbed tract of Hill Dipterocarp Forest. Rainfall was measured by an accumulating gauge and, at a nearby station, the number of rainy days recorded. Annually recurrent floral cycles were displayed by only ten species. In these and in 1 1 additional spe- cies, foliar cycles were also circannual. Gregarious flowering, apparently in response to drought, oc- curred in many species in 1963 and 1968. In other years, interspecific differences in periodicity main- tained a minimal incidence of flowering at 44%, and fruiting at 27% of species in the sample. De- spite specific variations in phenology, the commu- nity as a whole exhibited regular seasonality, with single annual peaks of flowering and fruiting and a double peak of leaf production. AD-765 616/8 PC A03/MF A01 Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks Pa Administrative Aspects of Urbanization in De- veloping Countries Monograph Eugene R. Brady. 20 Mar 72, 31 p Descriptors: 'Management planning, *Urban areas, *Government(Foreign), Problem solving, Management engineering, Organizations, Dynam- ics, Urban planning, Reviews, Analysis, Natural re- sources. Identifiers: 'Urbanization, 'Developing countries, Policies, Participative management, A. The report deals primarily with administrative prob- lems associated with urbanization in developing countries. Approaches to these problems are dis- cussed in the following areas: organizational struc- tures and relationships, management of re- sources, participation and representation, urban plans and policies, and institutional aids. (Author) AD-772 930/4 PC A02/MF A01 Army Natick Labs Mass The Acceptability of Whey-Soy Mix as a Sup- plementary Food for Pre-School Children in Developing Countries Technical rept. W. I. Ill Rodier, W. C. Wetsel, H. L. Jacobs, R. C. Graeber, and H. R. Moskowitz. Dec 73, 21 p* Rept no. USA-NLABS-TR-74-20-PR Descriptors: 'Milk, 'Food, 'Children, Acceptability, Beverages, Army research. Identifiers: Developing countries, A. Testing of a whey-soy beverage powder was car- ried out in Chile, Vietnam, India, Pakistan, Sierra Leone and the Dominican Republic to determine its probable acceptability for use as a supplemen- tary food for pre-school children. Test results indi- cated that the beverage powder should be accept- able in all test countries except possible Sierra Leone. Moreover, since the tests were carried out in a variety of geographical areas and cultures and in several types of distribution systems, it may be concluded that there is a high probability that the beverage powder will be acceptable in pre-school child feeding programs in most parts of the devel- oping world. AD-781 403/1 PC E05/MF A01 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey Calif Fatigue of Ferro-Cement Master's thesis Michael G. Simpson. Jun 74, 119p Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Fatigue(Mechanics), Ship hulls, Stresses, Test methods, Fracture(Mechanics), Electron micros- copy, Theses. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement, 'Wire cloth, Scanning electron microscopy. Ferro-cement is a cement mortar with a high rela- tive volume of well dispersed steel wire reinforce- ment. The material properties of ferrocement are neither those of the mortar alone nor of the rein- forcement and vary as the mortar and reinforce- ment configurations are changed. In this study, several variations of ferro-cement were fabricated and subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loads up to ten million cycles. Stress versus cycles-to- failure plots were developed and comparisons be- tween the data for various ferro-cement modifica- tions were made. Monotonic tests were conducted on the ferro-cement to allow comparisons with work conducted by other experimenters. An inves- tigation of the fracture surface was conducted using a scanning electron microscope. (Author) AD-782 199/4 PC A04/MF A01 Asian Inst of Tech Bangkok (Thailand) Investigation of Rational Effluent and Stream Standards for Tropical Countries Annual rept. 1 Nov 71-30 Apr 73 Mainwaring B. Pescod. 28 May 74, 61 p ARDG/ FE-476-2 Grant DA-RDRF-S92-544-72-G179 Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Water supplies, 'Streams, 'Southeast Asia, Standards, Quality, Ir- rigation systems, Sewage treatment, Drinking water, Oxygen, Fishes, Oxidation, Waste water, Costs, Thailand. Identifiers: 'Water quality standards, Oxidation la- goons, Developing countries. Water quality standards were reviewed and tenta- tive stream standards proposed for use in develop- ing countries of Southeast Asia on the basis of le- gitimate water uses and adaptation of available data to local conditions. A survey of stream stand- ards and water uses applied in the Southeast Asian region indicated that few countries had adopted standards and practically no attempt had been made to adjust to suit local conditions. Ex- perimental studies suggested that oxidation pond effluent would have a beneficial effect on the oxygen balance of a stream under tropical condi- tions provided that the algal concentration was not more than 10,000 cells/ml after dilution in the stream. Oxidation ponds were assessed as being more attractive than either trickling filter or activat- ed sludge treatment plants for populations less than 175,000 and land rental costs of U.S. $0.10 per square meter per year or less. (Author) AD-785 748/5 PC A03/MF A01 Trinity Coll Dublin (Ireland) School of Engineering investigation of Stress Concentration in Rein- forced Concrete Components Final technical rept. 1 Jun 73-31 May 74 T. E. Glynn, and M. Z. Al-Salihi. Jun 74, 26p Grant DA-ERO-591-73-G-0041 Descriptors: 'Reinforced concrete, 'Stresses, Static tests, Dynamic tests, Crack propagation, Formulations, Ireland. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement. This report is a continuation of the former efforts to elucidate the behavior of ferrocement concrete in static and dynamic stress fields. The influence of various reinforcements on pre and post cracking of thin sections forms the main topic of this report. The objects of the testing program were to com- pare the effectiveness of various steel mesh con- figurations in arresting crack propagation in stressed members; to provide experimental data for checking theoretical predictions of strength based on material parameters; to identify areas of future research potential. The work to date has been devoted to flexural and direct tensile tests on thin slabs. The slabs were reinforced uniformly with steel meshes of various patterns. The matrix consisted of microconcretes, and some variations in the mix design were incorporated. AD-785 928/3 PC A03/MF A01 Romualdi (James P) Pittsburgh Pa Ferrocement Developments in New Zealand James P. Romualdi. May 74, 36p Contract N00167-74-C-0171 Descriptors: 'Ship hulls, 'Boats, 'Cements, Pro- duction, New Zealand. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement. During the period August 1973 to January 1974, the author was associated with a local firm which is engaged in marine and terrestrial ferrocement ac- tivities. These activities provided an opportunity to assess the potential of ferrocement as well as the undertaking of tests of new hull construction tech- niques that combine ferrocement with steel fiber reinforced mortar. This report summarizes current development, assesses current potential of the material, presents the results of the test series, and ends with recommendations for future devel- opment. This report does not attempt to review the general state-of-the-art of ferrocement hull con- struction. AD-787 465/4 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Department of the Army Washington D C Africa: A Bibliographic Survey of Literature 1973, 623p* Rept no. DA-PAM-550-17 Availability: Paper copy available from GPO. Descriptors: 'Africa, 'Bibliographies, Handbooks, Political science, Sociology, Economics, Military forces(Foreign), Military organizations, Transporta- tion, Communication and radio systems, Literature surveys. Identifiers: Developing countries. Like the previous volume on the subject (DA PAM 550-5) which was issued in April 1 967, the new edi- tion endeavors to assess the problems and pros- pects in the vast continent. The difficulties and ac- complishments are looked at from both-a broad, regional point of view, as well as from a specific, national point of view. The work includes data on the strategic importance of Africa as a continent, and also provides facts and figures on the political, sociological, economic, and military aspects that contribute to the viability of individual African states. More than four thousand books, periodical articles, and monographs, were searched in the preparation of this work. The body of material is supported by 91 appendixes and 53 maps, of which 1 8 are in color. AD-831 713 PC A02 MF A01 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Inst, of Science and Technology. Vesiac Monthly Bulletin of Vela Uniform Re- search Publications. 15 Feb 68, 15p Rept no. VESIAC Bull-61 Descriptors: 'Seismology, Reports, Seismological stations, Epicenter, Nuclear explosions, Earth- quakes, Networks, Underground explosions, Bib- liographies, Propagation, Magnetohydrodynamics, Periodicals, Scientific research, Phased arrays, Seismometers, Abstracts, Seismic waves. Identifiers: Vela Uniform, Mantle(Earth), Seismic noise. The report contains VESIAC Monthly Bulletin of re- ports from VELA UNIFORM Seismological Re- search Publications with abstracts. (Author) AD-837 454/8 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Rice Cultivation in North Vietnam 27 Jul 65, 16p Rept no. Trans-1498 Trans, of mono. Futsuryo Indo Shina Nogyo Keizai (Agricultural Economy in Indochina) Tokyo, 1942 p1-14. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Rural areas, Rivers, Soils, Plants(Botany), Seeds, Production, Statistical analysis, Irrigation systems, Agriculture. Identifiers: North Vietnam, Rice, Translations. The report discusses rice culture in North Vietnam. Varieties of rice, soils and regional characteristics of rice culture are examined. AD-837 489/4 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD 14 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Notes on the Duration of Evolution of Varieties of Rice Cultivated in Indochina Yves Coyaud. Jul 68, 14p Rept no. Trans-1443 Trans, from Agronomie Tropicale (France) v3 n5-6 1948. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Rural areas, Plants(Botany), Climate, Transplantation, Soils, Acclimatization, Economics, Terrain, Irrigation sys- tems, Agriculture. Identifiers: Rice, Translations. The report discusses the varieties of rice grown in present day Vietnam. Influence of soils, climate and plant strains upon rice production are exam- ined. AD-837 490/2 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Conditions of the Culture of Rice In the Hlgh- Donnai (Vietnam) P. Bertrand. 1952, 18p Rept no. Trans-1444 Trans, of Agronomie Tropicale (France) v7 n3 P266-2751952. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Commerce, Rural areas, Forestry, Seeds, Plants(Botany), Soils, Manpower, Climate, Irrigation systems. Identifiers: Rice, Translations. The report discusses the more primitive agricultur- al practices of the mountain peoples of Vietnam. The methods of rice culture, forest clearing and soil preparation are examined. AD-837 491/0 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Work That the Indochinese Rice Office Has Ac- complished Paul Carton. 1955, 10p Rept no. Trans-1445 Trans, of Riz et Riziculture et Cultures Vivrieres Tropicales (France) v1 n1 p26-29 1955. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: "Cereals, Vietnam, Rural areas, Southeast asia, Research management, Plants(Botany), Agriculture. Identifiers: Rice, Translations. No abstract available. AD-837 492/8 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Production and Distribution of the Rice Seeds in Vietnam 1956, 5p Rept no. Trans-1446 Trans, of Riz et Riziculture et Cultures Vivrieres Tropicales (France) v2 n4 p309-310 1956. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Rural areas, Seeds, Production, Plants(Botany), Research management, Agriculture. Identifiers: Rice, South Vietnam, Translations. No abstract available. AD-837 495/1 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Some Aspects on the Production of Rice Prob- lem in Vietnam 1960, 12p Rept no. Trans-1448 Trans, of Causeries Development Resources Nat. Vietnam Soc. Etat. Agr. (sic) n12 p9-22, 5 Oct 60. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Commerce, Rural areas, Fertilizers, Seeds, Economics, Irrigation systems. Identifiers: Rice, South Vietnam, Translations. The report discusses rice growing in South Viet- nam. Commercial, export and technical problems are discussed as well as means for increasing crop yields. AD-837 496/9 PC A03/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD The Problem of Fertilizers in Rice-Growing In South Vietnam Doan Khac Vuong. 1 952, 40p Rept no. Trans- 1450 Trans, from Indochinese Rice Office. Archives (sic) n361952. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cereals, Vietnam, Rural areas, Pro- duction, Climate, Seeds, Soils, Chemical analysis, Fertilizers, Plants(Botany), Research manage- ment. Agriculture. Identifiers: Rice, South Vietnam, Translations. The report presents a study of the practices con- cerning use of fertilizers in the rice growing zones of South Vietnam. The present and recommended uses of fertilizers are discussed. AD-837 497/7 PC A02/MF A01 Army Biological Labs Frederick MD Campaign for Improvement In Cooperative Management - Second Stage Ha Dang. 23 Jun 65, 4p Rept no. Trans-1500 Trans, of Khoa Hoc Ky Thuat Nong Hghiep (sic) (North Vietnam) p22-23, 15 Nov 63. Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Management planning and control, Agriculture, 'Agriculture, Vietnam, Food, Cereals, Swine, Rural areas, Propaganda, Communism, Po- litical science, Fertilizers, Seeds, Irrigation sys- tems. Identifiers: North Vietnam, Rice, Translations. The report discusses ways of improving food pro- duction in a small North Vietnamese cooperative farm. AD-878 676/6 PC A03/MF A01 Naval Ship Research and Development Lab An- napolis MD State-of-the-Art Survey of Ferrocement Research and development rept. Frank E. Brauer. Jan 71, 38p Rept no. NSRDL/ A-8-529 Distribution limitation now removed. Descriptors: 'Cements, 'Reinforced concrete, 'Composite materials, Cements, 'Construction materials, Ships, Wire, Reinforcing materials, Ten- sile properties, Flexural strength, Modulus of elas- ticity, Fatigue(Mechanics), Compressive proper- ties, Shear stresses, Corrosion resistance. Impact shock, Mechanical properties, Shock resistance, State-of-the-art reviews, Cracks, Ductility, Steel, Bonding, Corrosion inhibition. Identifiers: 'Ferrocement, Portland cement. From this literature study it was found that ferroce- ment is a composite material of superior mechani- cal properties when compared to reinforced con- crete. This superiority is reflected in greater flex- ural crack strength, tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. Much more research into the ma- terial properties of ferrocement must be done to fully understand the nature of the strengthening mechanism in ferrocement and to provide design- ers with comprehensive, reliable information nec- essary for the maximum utilization of ferrocement. (Author) ANL-77-25 PC A07/MF A01 Argonne National Lab., III. Final Report of Fuel Dynamics Test E7 R. C. Doerner, W. F. Murphy, G. S. Stanford, and P. H. Froehle. Apr 77, 150p Contract W-31-109-ENG-38 Descriptors: 'Excursions, 'Fuel element failure, 'Lmfbr type reactors, Flow blockage, Meltdown, Transients. Identifiers: ERDA/220900, ERDA/210500. Test data from an in-pile failure experiment of high- power LMFBR-type fuel pins in a simulated $3/s transient-overpower (TOP) accident are reported and analyzed. Major conclusions are that (1) a series of cladding ruptures during the 100-ms period preceding fuel release injected small bursts of fission gas into the flow stream; (2) gas release influenced subsequent cladding melting and fuel release (there were no measurable FCI's (fuel- coolant interactions), and all fuel motion observed by the hodoscope was very slow); (3) the predomi- nant postfailure fuel motion appears to be radial swelling that left a spongy fuel crust on the holder wall; (4) less than 4 to 6 percent of the fuel moved axially out of the original fuel zone, and most of this froze within a 10-cm region above the original top of the fuel zone to form the outlet blockage. An inlet blockage approximately 1 cm long was formed and consisted of large interconnected void regions. Both blockages began just beyond the ends of the fuel pellets. (ERA citation 03:018089) AWRE-O-41/74 PC A02/MF A01 UKAEA Weapons Group, Aldermaston. Atomic Weapons Research Establishment. Pandit: A Fortran IV Program to Produce an Adjusted Nuclear Data Input Tape. K. Dugan. Oct 74, 13p U.S. Sales Only. Descriptors: 'Nuclear data collections, 'Data processing, 'Computer codes, *P codes, Cross sections, Fortran, Group constants, Ibm comput- ers, Multigroup theory, Neutrons, United kingdom. For abstract, see NSA 31 05, number 12750. BMFT-FB-T-77-06 PC A04/MF A01 Dornier-System G.m.b.H., Friedrichshafen (West Germany). Glue Stock from Leather Production. Final Report K. Purps. Jul 77, 55p U.S. Sales Only. Descriptors: 'Industrial wastes, 'Leather, Eco- nomics, Environmental effects, Processing, Recy- cling, Waste processing. Identifiers: ERDA/320305, West Germany, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Tanneries, Waste recycling, Hides. The low-collagen, limed inner hide layer obtained in tanneries is not recommended for reuse in the hide gluing industry both from the economic and the environmental standpoint. Therefore, it is pro- posed to have the flesh removed from the unlimed raw hide in the slaughterhouses. The tanneries are thus relieved of their burden of waste discharge, and the animal carcass-rendering companies can benefit from an additional valuable raw material. (ERA citation 03:031 271) BMI-1957(V.3) PC A09/MF A01 Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio. Systems Study of Fuels from Sugarcane, Sweet Sorghum, and Sugar Beets. Volume III. Conversion to Fuels and Chemical Feedstocks. Task 77. Final Report E. S. Lipinsky, R. A. Nathan, W. J. Sheppard, and J. L.Otis. 31 Dec 76, 183p Contract W-7405-ENG-92 Descriptors: 'Ammonia, 'Chemical feedstocks, 'Ethanol, 'Furfural, 'Sugar cane, Acetic acid, Acid hydrolysis, Anaerobic digestion, Bagasse, Biosyn- thesis, Comparative evaluations. Cost, Economics, Fermentation, High btu gas, Industrial plants, Liq- uids, Residues, Thermochemical processes. Identifiers: ERDA/ 140504, ERDA/090222, ERDA/ 090122, ERDA/090320, 'Refuse derived fuels. Information developed in field interviews and litera- ture research which form the basis of extensive calculations that pertain to numerous alternative means of converting the sugar crops into fuels and chemical feedstocks is reported. Investigation of numerous candidate fuels and chemical feed- stocks that might be made from sugar crops indi- cates that ethanol and ammonia are the mosi promising. The projected cost of ethanol by use of well-established fermentation technology on juice extracted from sugarcane or on molasses is ex- pected to be quite close to that projected for eth- anol from natural gas liquids or petroleum by 1 980. The ammonia market is substantial (17 million tons), but this key fertilizer and chemical product is expected to cost close to $200 per ton when made from sugar crop residues, well above what ammo- nia made from natural gas at $3 per million Btu 15 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES costs. However, sugarcane-based ammonia might compete well with coal-based ammonia. Sugar- cane appears to be the most promising sugar crop for conversion to fuels and chemicals in the short and intermediate term. The costs of sugarcane juice and bagasse are lower than for the corre- sponding sugar beet products. Of the sugar crops, sweet sorghum has the greatest long-range appeal for the United States because the crop can grow over a much wider geographical range than can sugarcane. The development of processes to manufacture ammonia, methanol, acetic acid, and thermochemical substitute natural gas (SNG) from sugar crop residues depends on technology to generate synthesis gas. Sugarcane bagasse ap- pears to be the most economic source of furfural. Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane or sugan-con- taining juices to SNG is ruled out on economic grounds. The principal findings of the conversion aspects of the research are summarized quantita- tively. Alternative routes for conversion of sugar crops to fuels and chemicals are presented. (ERA citation 03:006207) BNL-20510 PC A02/MF A01 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Energy Institute for Developing Countries: A Working Paper. P. F. PaTmedo, and R. Nathans. May 74, 12p Descriptors: 'Developing countries, Energy sources, 'Energy sources, Planning, 'Energy policy, Charges, Distribution, Economic develop- ment, Energy supplies. Forecasting, Production, Simulation. Identifiers: ERDA/293000, ERDA/292500, ERDA/ 293800. The volatility of energy prices, as well as the pre- cariousness of international energy supply, is forc- ing many developing countries to consider new ways to satisfy their energy needs over the next several decades. As a result it is likely that major changes in energy production - distribution sys- tems will occur in large numbers of these coun- tries. A necessary component of the important de- cisions these countries must make, e.g., with re- spect to changes in plans for their economic devel- opment or the introduction of new technologies, is the need to assess the alternatives and plan for their country's current and future energy needs. This working paper discusses the establishment of an Energy Institute for Developing Countries, whose major function would be to assist and work with interested countries in the performance of energy planning and assessment analyses. Other areas to be covered by the Institute include: (1) preparation of methodologies for evaluation and assessment of new technologies for individual countries; (2) generation of data bases of technical coefficients; (3) provision of user manuals, training of technical personnel and extensive consultations with appropriate government officials in develop- ing countries; and (4) support to agencies and or- ganizations in the U.S. concerned with energy problems in developing countries. The paper dis- cusses the need for and characteristics of a com- prehensive energy planning and assessment framework, and a scheme for micro and macro as- sessments of alternative energy technologies. It also lists a series of specific mechanisms for de- veloping appropriate models and data bases, and transferring the results to interested developing countries. BNL-21491 PC A02/MF A01 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Single Technology Pitfall J. G. Cottingham. 1976, 9p Rept no. CONF- 760657-1 Contract E(30-1)-16 New England solar energy conference, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America (USA), 24Jun1976. Descriptors: 'Solar energy, 'Tower focus collec- tors, Cost, Economic development, Solar collec- tors. Identifiers: ERDA/ 140300. As a first step toward cost reduction six principles are suggested to enhance the solar energy cost picture: use solar energy as a supplement; find a year round application for your collector system; reduce the material content per unit area of collec- tor; generate higher temperatures - make better use of second Taw of thermodynamics; develop commercial size air conditioning units first for economy; and adapt solar energy to current energy handling technology. The "baby power tower" collector at Brookhaven is sketched and used to illustrate these principles. (ERA citation 02:033915) BNL-21874 PC A02/MF A01 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Brief Description of the Developing Country Energy Project 1 Oct 76, 7p Contract EY-76-C-02-0016 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Energy demand, 'Energy supplies, Economics, Energy storage systems, Socio-economic factors, Sys- tems analysis, Technology assessment. Identifiers: ERDA/292000, ERDA/293000, India, Kenya, Ghana, South Korea, Chile, Brazil, Greece, Energy models. The objective of the project is to assess the role of new or adapted technologies in addressing the energy problems of developing countries. This ob- jective is pursued through activities ranging from historical economic analyses of the role of energy in development to assessments of individual tech- nologies carried out in support of research and de- velopment planning. The project, started in 1975, carries a particular emphasis on the energy prob- lems and technologies appropriate to rural devel- opment. A firm tenet of the activity is, however, that the role of individual energy technologies can be understood only through an integrated view of the entire energy system and the way in which that system meshes with the economic and cultural structure of a society. The entire group of LDCs are being examined to develop a better under- standing of the role of energy in development and to project the energy requirements of those coun- tries under alternative growth patterns. Some rep- resentative countries were used as the basis for generic energy technology assessment. Seven countries were chosen as an initial set for analysis based on their representing a range of levels of development, climate, resource base, etc. These countries were India and Kenya (in the low, less than $200 per capita, income group) Ghana and South Korea (in the intermediate income group), and Chile, Brazil and Greece (in the upper, greater than $550 per capita, income group). In construct- ing energy supply-demand models for these coun- tries, emphasis was placed on incorporating data on noncommercial energy use wherever such in- formation was available. (ERA citation 02:013794) BNL-2231 1 PC A02/MF A01 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Role of Renewable Energy Technologies in De- veloping Countries P. F. Palmedo. 10 Jan 77, 11p Contract EY-76-C-02-001 6 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Energy source development, 'Technology utilization, Effi- ciency, Energy consumption, Energy sources, Fi- nancing, Global aspects, Planning, Recommenda- tions, Research programs. Identifiers: ERDA/299000. Some of the implications of the choice between re- newable, decentralized technologies and non- renewable, centralized technologies as applied to developing countries are presented. The focus on developing countries does not imply that the choice is not a pertinent one for developed coun- tries, but only that it is a particularly pressing one for the lesser-developed countries. In order to clar- ify the significance of the distinction between re- newable and depletable resources, two qualifica- tions are made. The resource and its feasible system to use that resource is of primary interest. Sunlight is free but the devices to use that re- source may require a rare metal, which then makes the use of solar energy not renewable. The second qualification is that some resources that are finite such as deuterium as used in fusion reactors have such large abundance that they can be considered renewable. Some specific steps that can be taken to give renewable energy resources an opportunity to compete on a more equal footing with conven- tional fossil and nuclear technologies in the LDCs are: stimulate and support energy planning in de- veloping countries; include appropriate technology in developed country R and D programs; and de- velop and demonstrate technologies in the LDCs. These activities would represent no financial burden to the developed world. A realistic apprais- al of potential renewable resources to meet the future enegy needs of developing countries is im- portant. (ERA citation 02:039519) BNL-23340 PC A03/MF A01 State Univ. of New York at Stony Brook. Energy Planning and Management In Develop- ing Countries: Thoughts Concerning a Concep- tual Framework R. Nathans, and P. F. Palmedo. 1 1 Oct 77, 39 Contract EY-76-C-02-0016 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Energy man- agement, 'Energy models, Data acquisition, Gov- ernment policies, International cooperation, Plan- ning, Social impact, Sociology, Urban areas. Identifiers: ERDA/290000, ERDA/290100, ERDA/ 290200. The unique characteristics of the energy situation in developing countries imposes a unique set of re- quirements on analytical techniques used for energy planning. The urgency of the situation re- quires the rapid development and use of simplified models which make maximum use of available data but which can reflect the international energy context. Those techniques must also be able to deal with central energy/development issues such as energy equity or the energy implication of social equity policies, centralized vs. decentralized devel- opment, and urbanization. (ERA citation 03:024139) BNL-50633 PC A07/MF A01 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. Planner's Energy Workbook: A Manual for Ex- ploring Relationships Between Land Use and Energy Utilization T. O. Carroll, R. Nathans, P. F. Palmedo, and R. Stern. Jun 77, 129 Contract EY-76-C-02-0016 Descriptors: 'Energy analysisy conservation, 'Energy supplies, 'Land use, 'Rural areas, 'Urban areas, Communities, Charges, Correla- tions, Demand factors, Energy consumption, Energy policy, Government policies, Manuals, Planning, Regional analysis, Social impact. Identifiers: ERDA/290000, ERDA/290300, ERDA/ 290100, ERDA/510500, ERDA/320100, 'Region- al planning. It has been clear that the magnitude and character of a region's energy requirements are intimately re- lated to the spatial configuration and mix of land use activities. To the degree to which they can shape the future configurations of residential, com- mercial, industrial, and transportation activities, local governments and their planners must give serious consideration to the energy implications of those configurations in the light of future social goals and requirements. This Planner's Energy Workbook describes a set of procedures that can be used to carry out community and regional energy analyses. The choice of land use activity parameters and their relation to energy use char- acteristics are associated with the normal planning concepts of land use density, type of residential development, commercial floorspace, industrial sales and employment, and shopping and work trip lengths. At the same time these energy related in- tensity coefficients are expressed in a form that permits the analysis of short-term conservation strategies such as the retrofit of insulation and the introduction of new technologies such as solar energy. An integrating framework is provided to construct total community or area energy con- sumption profiles and future needs; to examine compatibility between area requirements and the energy supply-distribution system serving the area; and to evaluate the implications for energy use of the physical configuration of urban, suburban and rural areas. Two cases illustrate the application of 16 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES this Workbook. The Long Island area is repre- sentative of major suburban regions throughout the U.S. which have undergone major growth and development. A community redevelopment design in Tuscon, Arizona is typical of rapid and major land use development within the environs of an ex- isting city. (ERA citation 03:010551) COM-7 1-00049 PC A11 MF A01 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich. A Program of Research for the Catfish Farming Industry. Sep 70, 233p* EDACOMM-70-015 (Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Economic development, 'Catfishes, 'Aquaculture, Surveys, Methodology, Feeding stuffs, Harvesting, Processing, Marketing, Food services, Ponds, Lakes, Equipment, Statisti- cal data, Profits. Identifiers: "Fish farms. The study reports on the history and current state of the industry, improvement of harvesting meth- ods and equipment, and present and future mar- kets including pay-lakes and restaurants. Re- search results are reported as regards catfish processing and feedstuffs and diets for catfish. (EDA ABSTRACT) COM-71-001 11 PC A20 MF A01 Checchi and Co., Washington, D.C. The Role of Cooperatives In the Production and Marketing of Fruits and Vegetables In Puerto Rico. Final rept. Aug 70, 474p EDA-70-020 Grant EDA-02-6-091 34 Descriptors: "Marketing, Cooperation, * Farm proc- essing. Economic development, 'Economic devel- opment, "Puerto Rico, 'Agricultural products, Mar- keting, Fruits, Vegetables, Financial management, Management engineering, Local government, Poli- cies, Market research, Economic factors. Identifiers: Technical assistance projects, 'Agricul- tural cooperatives, 'Cooperatives, Cooperative production and marketing systems. The report concludes that a new fruit and vegeta- ble growing and marketing cooperative should be established as the basic element in an approach to self-sufficiency in fruit and vegetable production for Puerto Rico. The study says adequate financ- ing and management and enthusiastic support from the Commonwealth government can produce an agricultural cooperative that will contribute sig- nificantly to community economy. Types of pro- duce have been examined in terms of production and marketing. Organization of cooperatives is also discussed. (EDA abstract) COM-71-00202 Reprint National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Biological Lab. Growth in Experimental Populations of Tilapia mossambica Ralph P. Silliman. 24 Jun 70, 3p NOAA- 71011206 Pub. in BioScience, v20 n20 p1 109-1 110, 15 Oct 70. Descriptors: 'Fishes, Growth, 'Fresh water fishes, Growth, Fresh water biology, Growth curves, Gom- pertz curves, Aquatic biology, Food consumption, Population(Statistics). Identifiers: 'Tilapia mossambica. Two populations of Tilapia mossambica were raised in tanks and their growth (weight and length) recorded for a period of 36 months. The relationship between number and weight is graphed, but was drastically disturbed by acciden- tal mortalities at month 21 .1 . It never regained reg- ularity after the accident; prior to that it had been regular. (Author) COM-71-00655 PC A02 MF A01 National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, Fla. Tropical Atlantic Biological Lab. Commercial Fishery and Biology of the Fresh- Water Shrimp, 'Macrobrachium , In the Lower St. Paul River, Liberia, 1952-53 Special scientific rept. George C. Miller. Feb 71, 17p Fisheries-626, Contnb-141, NOAA-71032318 Descriptors: 'Shrimps, Fisheries, 'Fisheries, 'Li- beria, Freshwater biology, Estuaries, Seasonal variations, Marine biology, Shellfish, Fecundity. Identifiers: Macrobrachium. A small fishery was conducted for the large com- mercial fresh-water shrimp, Macrobrachium vollen- hovenii, using traps. A second smaller species, M. macrobrachion, was culled from the trap catch for the fishermen's use. The estuarine fishery was seasonal (May to January), during the period of low salinity. Cost of raw tail meats to the consumer was over $1.00 (U.S.) per pound. The fishermen derived more than $7,500 from the fishery. Com- mercial shrimp, M. vollenhovenii, spawned in the estuary from May to January. Fecundity was esti- mated at 1 2,000 to 45,000 eggs per female. As the embryo developed the color of the egg changed from red to brown. Embryonic and larval develop- ment to time of setting of M. vollenhovenii was be- lieved similar to that of M. rosenbergii 50 to 65 days. An intensive push-net fishery was conducted on the zero age group soon after the juveniles had set. Juvenile shrimp were not caught by traps. COM-71-00716 PC A17 MF A01 Black and Veatch, Kansas City, Mo. Preliminary Study of the Development of Water Resources of the Humacao Sub-Region Puerto Rico May 71,388pEDA-71-060 Prepared in cooperation with Domenech (R. A.) and Associates, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. Descriptors: 'Water supply, Surveys, 'Economic development, Puerto Rico, 'Puerto Rico, 'Water resources, Requirements, Recommendations, Surface water runoff, Groundwater, Demography, Econometrics, Water storage, Classifications, Soil erosion, Waste water, Flood control, Government policies. Identifiers: *Humacao(Puerto Rico). The report appraises present and future water needs and analyzes potential yield from sources of water supply. Surface water and ground water con- trol problems are identified. Alternative recommen- dations are made on how to provide water for the area's change over from an agricultural to an in- dustrial economy. These include use of ground water as an economical water source and surface water through reservoirs, wastewater reclamation, and long distance imports. Sea water as a source is reported as uneconomical. Other recommenda- tions: floodways and levees rather than storage reservoirs for flood control. Wastewater disposal in the ocean with disposal in streams to be phased out. Data to be coordinated for guidance in design of water development projects, and strict regula- tion to be provided to avoid waste resulting from increasing competition for water supplies. Detailed maps andfigures are included. COM-71-00717 PC A04 MF A01 Indian Development District of Arizona, Inc., Phoe- nix. Arizona Indian Business Development Pro- gram Final rept. Robert J. Slinkard. 1971, 67p EDA-71-057 Contract EDA-9-351 42 Descriptors: 'Ethnic groups, American Indian lan- guages, 'Economic development, Projects, 'Com- merce, 'Arizona, Rural areas, Economic surveys, Regional planning, Community development, In- dustrial training, Counseling, Manuals. Identifiers: 'Minority owned enterprises, 'Ameri- can Indians, Indian reservations, Technical assist- ance. The report reviews 133 projects processed in ef- forts to further the growth of business on Indian reservations by Indian entrepreneurs. An untried approach, the promotion of Indians in business in relatively remote areas where business facilities have never been before and where a business at- mosphere did not exist. An improvised training manual to suit such areas is reproduced in the report as are various forms used in carrying out the project. In addition to counseling, the project pro- vided technical assistance services refinancing, promotion of community support for new business- es, management, production, and training, and legal needs. (EDA abstract) COM-71-01017 PC A05 MF A01 National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Mass. Fishery Products Technology Lab. A Study to Develop New Products from Whit- ing or Other Underutilized Species Feasibility study Nov 68-Oct 70 M. L. Anderson, and J. M. Mendelsohn. Aug 71, 79pEDA-7 1-090 Descriptors: 'Fishes, 'Food processing, Econom- ic development, Abundance, Unemployment, Freeze drying, Market research. Cost estimates, Feasibility. Identifiers: Whiting, Salt curing, Fishcakes. The study describes development of a rapid salt- curing process for whiting and similar species that are underutilized when tney are most seasonally abundant. The process requires fish fillets to be ground in saturated brine with salt added to keep the brine saturated during salting. It can be com- pleted in less than a day. Reports indicate the product is a good ingredient for fishcakes and can be used to make convenience-type heat-and- serve foods. Limited marketing studies indicate good commercial potential for these products when a meat-bone separator is further developed. The report says whiting and related products must be produced on a semi-commercial scale before costs can be assessed, but that estimates indicate they can be competitive wth other products now on the market. (Author) COM-7 1-50005-62 PC-SOD/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in Turkey Overseas Business Reports Peter B. Hale. Nov 70, 20p Rept no. OBR-70-62 Supersedes OBR-67-77, COM-70-00854. Paper copy available from SOD $16.00/year, $0.15/copy as C1. 50:70-62. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Turkey, 'Investments, Handbooks, Capital, Government policies, Treaties, Legislation, Organizations, Pat- ents, Copyrights, Employment, Taxes, Fees, Public utilities, Labor relations. Identifiers: Overseas business reports, Business organizations, Capital repatriation, Trademarks. Basic, authoritative information is presented for ex- porters, importers, investors, manufacturers, re- searchers, and those concerned with international trade and economic conditions. (BIC abstract) COM-7 1-50005-92 PC-SOD/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in the Dominican Re- public. 13p Overseas Business Reports Robert H. Bateman. Dec 70, 13p Rept no. OBR- 70-92 Paper copy available from SOD $16.00/year, $0.15/copy as CI. 50:70-92. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Dominican Republic, 'Investments, Handbooks, Capital, Gov- ernment policies, Industries, Sugar crops, Legisla- tion, Land titles, Mining, Organizations, Patents, Employment, Taxes, Copyrights. Identifiers: Overseas business reports, Business organizations, Sugar industry, Capital repatriation. Basic, authoritative information is presented for ex- porters, importers, investors, manufacturers, re- searchers, and those concerned with international trade and economic conditions. (BIC abstract) 17 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES COM-71-50584 PC A02/MF A01 Rhode Island Univ., Kingston, International Center for Marine Resource Development. The Potential for Fishery Development in the Caribbean and Adjacent Seas Clarence P. Idyll. 1971, 17p Marine Bull-1, NOAA-71 102004 Presented at Rhode Island Univ. on Mar 16, 1971, at a seminar on issues of International Economic Development. Descriptors: * Fisheries, Economic development, 'Caribbean Sea, Fisheries, Developing countries, Food supply, Economic factors, Fishing, Seafood, Financing, Marketing, Manpower, Government policies. The Caribbean Region is examined for its potential to produce greater supplies of food from the sea. The Caribbean people are relatively large consum- ers of fish and spend an important part of their scare foreign exchange to buy fish from other na- tions. In considering the potential of fish and sea- food from these enormous water areas it would appear that importing large supplies of seafood would be unnecessary. Factors to consider in fish- ery development in this area include the political, social and economic aspects, since these deter- mine whether whatever fish is available can be transported, marketed and purchased by the people of this area. (Author) COM-72-10054 PC A03/MF A01 Colorado Cooperative Fishery Univ, Fort Collins. Pond Culture of Bait Fishes Stephen A. Flickinger. 1 Apr 71, 43p NOAA- 72011322 Grant NMFS-6-2-D Also pub. as Colorado Univ., Fort Collins. Coopera- tive Extension Service Bull-478A. Descriptors: *Aquaculture, "Minnows, 'Economic surveys, Aquaculture, Marketing, Ponds, Construc- tion, Fresh water biology, Fishing, Feeding(Supplying), Diseases, Reproduction(Biology), Parasites. Identifiers: Bait fishes, *Pond culture. Major considerations in the culture of the golden shiner and fathead minnow as bait fish are pre- sented. Emphasis is upon economic consider- ations, pond construction, propagation techniques, feeding and harvesting. (Author) COM-72-10588 PC A06/MF A01 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Stuttgart, Ark. Warmwater Fish Cultural Labs. Factors Affecting the Growth and Production of Channel Catfish in Raceways Jun72, 108p EDA-72-036 Descriptors: 'Fishes, * Aquaculture, Economic de- velopment, Nutrition, Growth, Waste treatment, Organic wastes. Identifiers: 'Catfish, Ictalurus catus. The study shows that fish can be reared success- fully in tanks, but that production costs under the present system would eliminate all profit. Data are presented to indicate that further studies would be useful. It is stated that recycling of effluent waters can reduce levels of metabolic wastes sufficiently to support fish growth. The report includes evalua- tions of filters and of an oxidation pool to remove wastes, stocking density and diet studies, and re- ports on examinations of plasma proteins, tissue composition, and the liver of channel catfish. COM-72-1 1539 PC A04/MF A01 Gibbs and Hill, Inc., New York. Feasibility Study of Waste Water Recovery in Shrimp Processing Plants Nov 72, 63p EDA-72-058 Descriptors: 'Shrimps, Food processing, "Waste water, Recovery, Economic development, Employ- ment, Regional planning, Feasibility, Water recla- mation, Massachusetts, Fishing, Food industry, Cost analysis. Identifiers: Gloucester(Massachusetts). The shrimp industry is capable of revitalizing the economy in Gloucester, Massachusetts, where fishing and fish processing employment has been waning. The study examines the need to provide waste water recovery facilities and peeling ma- chinery modifications, so that the shrimp industry can develop new processing plants at Gloucester. Cost and technical processing data is included in the study, together with a schematic diagram indi- cating suggested facilities and modifications. (Author) COM-72-50175-017 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS/copy Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in the Philippines John D. Phipps. May 72, 20p Rept no. OBR-72- 017 Paper copy available from GPO $16.00/year as C1 .50:70, $0.1 5/copy. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Philip- pines, 'Investments, Handbooks, Legislation. Identifiers: Business organizations. The reports present basic authoritative information for exporters, importers, investors, manufacturers, researchers, and those concerned with interna- tional trade and economic conditions. For individu- al reports, see below: COM-72-50175-018 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business In Hong Kong Arthur R. Dornheim. Jun 72, 28p Rept no. OBR- 72-018 Paper copy available from GPO $16.00/year as C1 .50:72, $0.1 5/copy. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Hong Kong, 'Investments, Handbooks, Economic condi- tions. Identifiers: Overseas Business Reports, 'Business organizations. The reports present basic authoritative information for exporters, importers, investors, manufacturers, researchers, and those concerned with interna- tional trade and economic conditions. For individu- al reports, see below: COM-72-50175-027 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in Mexico Paul S. Flores. Jul 72, 28p Rept no. OBR-72-027 Paper copy available from GPO $16.00/year as C1. 50:72, $0.1 5/copy. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Mexico, 'Investments, Handbooks, Economic conditions. Identifiers: Overseas Business Reports, 'Business organizations. The reports present basic authoritative information for exporters, importers, investors, manufacturers, researchers, and those concerned with interna- tional trade and economic conditions. For individu- al reports, see below: COM-72-50 175-033 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in Kuwait Kathleen M. Keim. Jul 72, 16p Rept no. OBR-72- 033 Paper copy available from GPO $16.00/year as C1. 50:72, $0.1 5/copy. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Kuwait, 'Investments, Handbooks. Identifiers: Overseas Business Reports, Business organizations. The reports present basic authoritative information for exporters, importers, investors, manufacturers, researchers, and those concerned with interna- tional trade and economic conditions. For individu- al reports, see below: COM-72-50175-038 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Bureau of International Commerce, Washington, D.C. Establishing a Business in Thailand John N. Randolph, Jr. Aug 72, 24 Rept no. OBR- 72-038 Paper copy available from GPO $16.00/year as C1. 50:72, $0.1 5/copy. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Thailand, 'Investments, Handbooks. Identifiers: Overseas Business Reports, Business organizations. The reports present basic authoritative information for exporters, importers, investors, manufacturers, researchers, and those concerned with interna- tional trade and economic conditions. For individu- al reports, see below: COM-72-50251-03-12 (Order as COM-72-50251 -03) National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Northwest Fisheries Center. Effect of Crowding on Relation Between Ex- ploitation and Yield in 'Tllapla macrocephala' Ralph P. Silliman. Nov 71, 8p NOAA-72101809- 12 Included in Fishery Bull., v70 n3 p693-698 Jul 72. Descriptors: 'Fishes, Population(Statistics), 'Aquaculture, Population(Statistics), Growth, Envi- ronments, Marine fishes, Marine biology, Periodi- cals. Identifiers: Tilapia macrocephala. An experiment was performed to assess the effect of crowding on yield in Tilapia macrocephala. Pop- ulations of nearly equal number and weight were started in control (155.2 liter) and test (77.6 liter) tanks. Food amounts and environmental attributes other than space were the same for both tanks. Each of the two populations was exploited - first at a bimonthly rate of 10% for 14 months, then at a bimonthly rate of 25% for 10 months. Equilibrium yields at each rate for each tank (four points) were fitted with a Fox exponential surplus-yield model. Deviations from this general population curve showed that yields were greater for the larger tank at the 25% rate and greater for the smaller tank at the 10% rate. This is believed to result from the fact that the entire yield came from growth at the lower rate whereas part of the yield came from re- cruitment at the higher rate. A low rate of conver- sion of food to fish (18%) is believed to be due to the large proportion of liver in the diet. (Author) COM-72-50659 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Economic Development Administration, Washing- ton, D.C. Urban Business Profile: Supermarkets Apr 72, 34p Rept no. EDA-72-59597 Prepared in cooperation with Office of Minority Business Enterprise, Washington, D.C. Paper copy available from GPO $0.30 as C46.27:SU7. Descriptors: 'Marketing, Urban areas, 'Com- merce, Manuals, Risk, Feasibility, Organizing, Management, Leasing, Financing, Inventories, Competition. Identifiers: Urban business profiles, 'Minority en- terprises, Technical assistance, Cooperatives, 'Supermarkets. The report is designed to provide a potential busi- nessman with a better understanding of the oppor- tunities, requirements, and problems associated with operating a supermarket, to provide guide- lines on types of information required for location- specific feasibility studies; and to assist urban de- velopment groups in their business creation activi- ties. 18 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES COM-73-101 15-04 (Order as COM-73-1 01 15) Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Some Remarks on Aquaculture John Bardach. 1971, 7p NOAA-72102701-4 Included in Proceedings: National Sea Grant Con- ference (4th), Oct 71 , p83-88, COM-73-1 01 1 5. Descriptors: "Aquaculture, Economic develop- ment, Fishes, Economic factors, Feeding stuffs, Animal nutrition, Human nutrition. Identifiers: Sea Grant program. An appraisal of the influences on and constraints to the development of aquaculture should be ap- proached through systems models where initial, crude modeling leads to the definition of specific research needs. As such research is undertaken, its results are fed back into more refined models, hopefully soon to answer the overall question: what is the true potential of aquaculture and how can it be attained. (Author) COM-73-10152 PC A04/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Sea Grant Project Office. A Preliminary Feasibility Study of Irish Moss Harvesting Systems James M. Patell. 30 Jun 72, 74p MITSG-72-14, NOAA-72121102 Contract NOAA-2-35150 Sponsored in part by Henry L. and Grace Doherty Charitable Foundation, Inc., Darien, Conn. Descriptors: "Aquatic plants, Harvesting, Algae, Rhodophyta, Evaluation, Feasibility, Machinery, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Economic devel- opment, Maine, Coasts. Identifiers: Sea Grant program, Chondrus crispus, Gigartina stellata. The feasibility of developing mechanized harvest- ing systems is discussed. Biological, economic, environmental, and legal constraints on the system design are delineated. The operation of two systems which have been constructed and tested is described. It is concluded that while the technology to construct the system exists, such a system would be economically unfeasible due to the low unit price of harvested Irish Moss. An im- proved manual harvester is also described. (Author) COM-73-10275 PC A02/MF A01 Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Marine Advisory Service. Fisheries Cooperatives: Their Formation and Operation James J. Napoli. Oct 72, 21 p Marine M-30, NOAA-73012403 Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Production, 'Marketing, Cooperation, Organizations, Law(Jurisprudence), Harvesting, Credit, Management, Banking busi- ness. Identifiers: 'Cooperatives. The organization, development, function, and problems of producer cooperatives for fishermen are discussed. An appendix covers the Farm Credit System: its organization, authority, and eligi- bility requirements to borrow. (Author) COM-73-10343 PC A03/MF A01 Lake States Forestry Cooperative, Inc., Duluth, Minn. Forestry Cooperative Demonstration Program Interim rept. Feb 70-Nov 72. Mar 73, 47p EDA-73-020 Descriptors: 'Economic development, Forestry, 'Forestry, Great Lakes Region, Management plan- ning, Land use, Marketing, Rural areas, Forest land, Employment, Organizations. Identifiers: Technical assistance, Cooperatives. The report describes a forestry cooperative dem- onstration project funded by EDA and the Upper Great Lakes Regional Commission to evaluate po- tential for forestry cooperatives in the Great Lake States. A 6-months feasibility study shows need for an organization to work with private woodland owners on management practices. Also described is a business development program, which assist- ed existing businesses, helped create new busi- ness, and provided management and marketing assistance. The potential for a statewide landown- ers' association is explored. A section of the report is devoted to implications for rural development activities, with emphasis on cooperatives. (Author) COM-73-10355 PC A02/MF A01 Utah State Board for Vocational Education, Salt Lake City. Piute Vocational Education Project-Piute County School District Final rept. Oct 72, 20p FCRC-TA-41 1-1 12-035 Descriptors: 'Education, 'Farms, 'Vocational guidance, 'New Mexico, Economic development, Projects, Specialized training. Community develop- ment, Surveys, Livestock, Water supply, Dairies, Poultry, Swine, Land development, Mining. Identifiers: 'Piute County(New Mexico), Tourism. A report is made on planning and implementation of farm program curricula and demonstration pro- jects. COM-73-10527 PC A03/MF A01 New Mexico Univ., Aibuquerque. Center of Envi- ronmental Research and Development. A Study of the Feasibility of Mechanized Adobe Production Aug 70, 49p FCRC-TA-301 -500-01 3 Descriptors: 'Bricks, Mass production, 'Houses, 'Brick construction, Brick structures, Structural clay products, Brick industry, Materials handling, Production methods, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Building codes. Identifiers: 'Adobe, Adobe construction, FCRC. The general purpose of this study is to determine the economic feasibility of the Centro de Adobes concept, considered an Economic Opportunity De- velopment for the poor. The project designers see the creation of from 1 5 to 30 new jobs per manu- facturing center. It is also necessary to predict the subsidary job creation as well as to estimate what this may mean in terms of dollar turnover in the total economy of a typical village (and in general terms, of the state). (Author) COM-73-10791 PC E01/MF A01 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program. Organizing and Operating a Fishery Coopera- tive. Part II Frederick J. Smith. 1973, 45 OSU-SG-19a, NOAA-73050202 See also Part 1 , COM-73-1 0790. Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Organizations, Law(Jufisprudence), Management, Industries, Marketing, Regulations. Identifiers: Sea Grant program, NOAA. The publication provides information about coop- erative organization, management, and legal in- struments used in organizing and operating a co- operative. It is available in two parts. The first part provides an overview of cooperative organization and operation. This portion, part two, provides greater detail about the legal instruments and re- quirements of a fishery cooperative. COM-73-10795 PC A05/MF A01 Puerto Rico Dept. of Agriculture, Mayaguez. Lab. of Commercial Fisheries. A Study of the Feasibility of Establishing a Dis- tant-Water Fishing Industry in Puerto Rico Feasibility study. May 73, 79p EDA-73-032 Contract C-0-35464 Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Feasibility, 'Economic de- velopment, 'Puerto Rico, Aquaculture, Employ- ment, Unemployment, Financing, Bibliographies, Regional planning. Identifiers: Technical assistance, EDA. The report reviews possibilities for a distant-water fishing industry in Puerto Rico and concludes that fishing, processing, and shore support can all be developed for profit but not without risk. It is sug- gested that a Puerto Rican fleet could harvest a substantial amount of fish in the Caribbean and the tropical Atlantic. Alternatives of how best to do this are presented. The report also reviews potential for developing Puerto Rican-based processing facilities and shore support services. A bibliogra- phy is appended. COM-73-10810 PC A02/MF A01 Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana. Aquatic Biology Section. Combined Culture of Channel Catfish and Golden Shiners in Wading Pools D. Homer Buck, Richard J. Baur, Charles F. Ill Thoits, and C. Russell Rose. Apr 72, 13p Biological Notes-79, NOAA-73050404 Grant NMFS-4-36-R Descriptors: 'Fishes, 'Aquaculture, Catfishes, Carp, Minnows, Shiners, Mixing, Growth, Ecology. Identifiers: Ictalurus punctatus, Notemigonus cry- soleucas, Tilapia mossambica, Cyprinus carpio, Ti- lapia aurea, Animal behavior, NOAA. The study was undertaken to obtain information on the behavior, comparative efficiences, and de- grees of compatibility of channel catfish and golden shiners when in different combinations and under different spatial limitations. It was found that growth increments of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Tilapia aurea) in mixed culture sometimes exceeded those exhibited by either in monocul- ture. The authors found that the channel catfish, golden shiner and tilapia (T. mossambica) were ex- tremely compatible. When combined, each stimu- lated the other to a faster and stronger feeding re- sponse, which resulted in a more efficient conver- sion of food. COM-73-1 1257/5 PC A09/MF A01 Washington Univ., Seattle. Div. of Marine Re- sources. The Land Water Interface in an Urban Region: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Nature and Significances of Conflicts Between Coast- al Uses Doctoral thesis Peter Harrison. 1973, 196p* WSG-TH-73-1, NOAA-73061206 Descriptors: 'Coasts, 'Economic analysis, 'Land use, Economic analysis, 'Regional planning, Coasts, Puget Sound, Washington(State), Urban areas, Economic development, Theses. Identifiers: Coastal zone management, Sea Grant program, NOAA. ; This dissertation presents a framework for empiri- cal analysis of the changing use of the coastline in an urban region. The first objective was to describe and analyze the growth of coastal activities. The second objective was to analyze the role of common property resources in the generation of negative externalities, and in the conflict situations which arise between coastal activities. The third objective was to test the relevance and utility of the concepts and classifications developed. The Puget Sound area was used as the locus of the study. In the final portion of the study consideration was given to the impact on the political structure of the region, and the effect upon the spatial distrubu- tion of activities around the coastline. COM-73-50276 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. A Review of the Literature on the Development of Skipjack Tuna Fisheries in the Central and Western Pacific Ocean Technical rept. Frank J. Hester, and Tamio Otsu. Jan 73, 20p NOAA-TR-NMFS-SSRF-661 , NOAA-7030518 Paper copy available from GPO $0.25 as C55.13.NMFS-SSRF-661. Descriptors: 'Tunas, Fisheries, 'Fisheries, 'Pacif- ic Ocean, Reviews, Management, Abundance, Economic development, Assessments. 19 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Identifiers: Katsuwonus pelamis, Bait fish, •Skip- jack tuna, Central Pacific Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, NOAA. There has been a rapid acceleration in efforts to develop skipjack tuna fisheries in the central and western Pacific. This is because the resources of the larger tunas (yellowfin, bigeye, bluefin, and al- bacore) are already being fished at or near the maximum sustainable level. The greatest potential for increased harvest appears to be the skipjack resource. To assist the skipjack development effort, pertinent information on the subject is sum- marized and a bibliography of selected references is included. (Author) COM-73-50645-11-2 (Order as COM-73-50645-11) National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Pacific Fishery Products Technology Center. The Technological Basis for Development of Aquaculture to Produce Low-Cost Food Fish J. A. Dassow, and M. A. Steinberg. 1973, 9p MFR-Paper-1015, NOAA-731 12804-2 Included in Marine Fisheries Review, v35 n11 p6- 1 3 Nov 73, COM-73-50645-1 1 . Descriptors: "Fishes, 'Aquaculture, Food process- ing, Quality, Cost factors, Frozen foods, Proteins, Inland waterways, Food additives. Identifiers: NOAA. The technological basis for development of large- scale production of inland water fish, such as carp, buffalo fish, tilapia, and white amur, is reviewed. It is proposed that modern methods of mass produc- tion and fish culture be evaluated and combined to make the production of low-cost food fish feasible and economically attractive. The fish would be processed for maximum recovery of edible flesh by mechanical methods of flesh separation. The minced flesh would be modified and stabilized as required to prepare high-quality frozen fish blocks. These blocks would be suitable for a wide variety of frozen fishery products and convenience foods and could be used as protein additives in orther foods such as processed meats. (Modified author abstract) COM-74-10059/5 Reprint National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Northwest Fisheries Center. Examples of National Contributions to the De- velopment and Management of the Oceans' Living Resources Dayton L. Alverson. 1973, 20p NOAA-731 21 206 Pub. in Proceedings of Annual Conference Marine Technology Society (9th), p191-208 1973. Descriptors: 'Fisheries, 'Pacific Ocean, Re- sources, Seafood, Management, Economic devel- opment, Marine fishes, Lipids. Identifiers: Anadromous fishes, NOAA. During this post-war era, the science of fisheries population dynamics grew to maturity through the establishment of workable quantitative theory. The era was also extremely productive in terms of sci- entific planning documents related to national ocean policy. A focal study of national investiga- tions conducted in the northeastern Pacific sug- gests that such investigations have been instru- mental in stimulating growth of the ocean food fish industry and provided information upon which major national and international management de- cisions have been made. In addition, such studies have yielded information of value in maintenance of a productive aquatic environment. COM-74-1 0543/8 PC E02/MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center of Applied Soci- ology. Problems and Challenges Faced by Rural Com- munities with Industrial Development John T. Scott, Jr, and Gene F. Summers. 1972, 25p EDA/OER-74-182 Grant EDA-OER-417-G-72-7 Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ., Urbana. Presented at North Central Regional Conference on Problems and Potentials of Rural Industrializa- tion at Purdue, Univ., Lafayette, Ind., 11-13 Jul 72. Descriptors: 'Rural areas, 'Industrialization, 'Problem solving, 'Economic development, Com- munity relations, Economic impact, Illinois, Manu- facturing, Industrial plants, Industrial development, Social effect, Labor force, Economic changes, Land use, Cost of living. Identifiers: Challenges, EDA. The paper reviews a few typical problem areas which may arise in a rural community during and following industrialization. Data from a longitudinal (1966-1971) study of the construction of a large manufacturing facility in north central Illinois is used. Included in the discussion are such factors as the social and economic effects of the labor force employed by the industry, changes in the use of land and local facilities, and potential increases in the cost of living. COM-74-10547/9 PC A02/MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Center of Applied Soci- ology. Profile Change When Industry Moves Into a Rural Area Working paper John T. Scott, Jr, Gene F. Summers, and John P. Clark. Feb 73, 15p* EDA/OER-74-103 Grant EDA-OER-417-G-72-7 Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of Sociology. Descriptors: 'Rural areas, 'Industrialization, 'Eco- nomic impact, 'Economic development, Economic analysis, Economic characteristics, Resources, Social effect, Industrial plants, Illinois, Community relations, Manufacturing industries, Land use, Services, Manpower utilization, Retail sales, Hous- ing characteristics. Identifiers: EDA. The paper examines what happens to the eco- nomic and social profile of a rural community when industry is introduced. The profile delineates the type, amount, and ratio of existing resources and products of the community. Data from a logitu- dianal (1966-1971) study of the construction of a large manufacturing facility in north central Illinois is employed. The evidence suggests that the most profound impact is on the land use and support systems. Additional changes are realized in the size and composition of the labor force, retail sales and services, housing development, and the demand for schools and other publicly provided services. COM-74-1 1005/7 PC A05/MF A01 Marine Technology Society, Washington, D.C. Committee on Economic Potential of the Ocean. Assessing Technology for Marine Resource Development. Proceedings of a Conference- Workshop Held by the Marine Technology So- ciety at Arlington, Virginia on May 15-17, 1972 Milton G. Johnson. Mar 74, 97p* NOAA- 74032701 Descriptors: 'Marine engineering, 'Ocean envi- ronments, 'Meetings, Forecasting, Economic de- velopment, Oceanography, Investments, Govern- ment policies, Management planning. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. Contents: Technology assessment: Its purpose, method, and scope; The past, present and future of technology assessment; Technology forecasting: How good it is; Technology assessment of marine resources development; Assessment of technologies for the protection and enhancement of the marine environment; Requirements of the Congress for Technology Assessment; Planning a balanced university program of oceanographic education and research; Criteria for corporate investment in ocean research and development; Our changing ocean priorities; The role of Congress in marine research and resource development; The role of the Office of Science and Technology; Oceanography - a budgetary controllable whose time may not come; Technology: Reassessment and reassurance. COM-74-1 1195/6 PC E01/MF A01 Kentucky Research Foundation, Lexington. Commercial Banking in Growth Regions Research rept. L Randolph McGee. Aug 70, 28 Discussion Paper-34, EDA/OER-74-249 Grant EDA-OER-227-G-68-1 1 Descriptors: 'Commercial banking, 'Regional economy, 'Economic development, Policies, Re- views, Regional development, Growth rate, Devel- oping countries, Economic needs, Factor analysis, Economic structure, Banking practices. A focus is made on the issues of the banking role in the process of regional economic growth. The discussion is limited to rapidly growing regions in a developed national economy. The role of banking in regions of underdeveloped nations may be quite different from the role outlined in this paper, but some of the growth factors discussed herein would be relevant. After discussing national versus re- gional banking and banking functions in a growth region, the author notes that it would be presump- tuous to suggest specific guidelines for measuring banking performance in growth regions, since re- gions grow in differing ways and specific demands for financial services vary. COM-74-1 1487/7 PC E03/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Executive Summary Research rept. Sam Stanley. Jul 74, 57p EDA/OER-74-324 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1 488. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Identifiers: Cherokee Indians, Sioux Indians, Lummi Indians, Morongo Indians, Passamaguoddy Indians, Papago Indians. The summary of an eight-volume study presents the point of view of the concept of 'economic de- velopment' and of efforts to improve conditions in Indian reservations and communities, as well as to pinpoint factors detracting from the success of such efforts. A number of Indians have participat- ed in the seven studies of individual tribes which form the basis for a comparative analysis. The tribes selected for the study are Lummi, Morongo, Navajo, Papago, Eastern Oklahoma Cherokee, Passamaguoddy, Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux. COM-74-1 1489/3 PC E07/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Making Do with the Dark Meat: A Report on the Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Research rept. Albert L. Wahrhaftig. Jul 74, 179p EDA/OER-74- 324-2 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1490. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, PC E99. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. 20 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Contents: How the Cherokee got that way; How Cherokee settlements survive; The Cherokee es- tablishment. COM-74-1 1490/1 PC E06/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. The Lummi Indian Community: The Fishermen of the Pacific Northwest Research rept. Vine Deloria, Jr. Jul 74, 127p EDA/OER-74-324- 3 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1491. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: "Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Contents: The period of white settlement; Early reservation days (1855-1890); The years of pover- ty (1890-1964); Political development; The Lummi aquaculture project; The Lummi concept; The Lummi experience and other Indian tribes; and Values and goals of the reservation. COM-74-1 1491/9 PC E06/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Morongo Indian Res- ervation: A Century of Adaptive Strategies Research rept. Lowell John Bean. Jul 74, 141p EDA/OER-74- 324-4 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1492. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Contents: Tribal background; Leadership develops new strategies; Seven viable expressive-instru- mental associations; Morongo and the Mission Indian subculture; Ethnic identity at Morongo; Eco- nomic development and political affairs. COM-74-1 1492/7 PC E05/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Dressing for the Window: Papago Indians and Economic Devel- opment Research rept. Henry F. Manuel, Juliann Ramon, and Bernard L. Fontana. Jul 74, 109p EDA/OER-74-324-5 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1493. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Contents: The Papago reservation; Subsistence in Pimeria Alta; The new economy; Ruling elite; Case studies. COM-74-1 1493/5 PC E06/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Pine Ridge Economy: Cultural and Historical Perspectives Research rept. Raymond J. DeMallie. Jul 74, 130p EDA/OER- 74-324-6 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1494. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources. Commercial practices, Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Contents: Cultural background; Historical back- ground; Pine Ridge reservation today; Planned economic development. COM-74-1 1494/3 PC E07/MF A01 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Center for the Study of Man. Alternative Economic Development Policies for Indian Communities. Passamaquoddy Eco- nomic Development In Cultural and Historical Perspective Research rept. Susan MacCulloch Stevens. Jul 74, 173p EDA/ OER-74-324-7 Grant EDA-OER-400-G-71-18 See also COM-74-1 1486. Paper copy also available in set of 8 reports as COM-74-1 1486-SET, $69.00. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'American Indians, 'Communities, Policies, Organizations, Leadership, Employment, Income, Natural re- sources, Commercial practices. Minerals, Fisher- ies, Woodworking, Handicrafts, Sociology. Contents: Cultural and historical setting; Social in- stitutions; Overall organization of the community; Relationships to the outside world; History of the Passamoquody; Factors affecting economic devel- opment; Products, services and markets; Psycho- social factors affecting work patterns and econom- ic development; Implementation of federal social programs. COM-74-1 1645/0 PC A03/MF A01 National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Center for Building Technology. FY 1973 Progress Report on Design Criteria and Methodology for Construction of Low- Rise Buildings to Better Resist Typhoons and Hurricanes Final rept. N. J. Raufaste, and R. D. Marshall. 2 Jul 73, 32p Rept no. NBSIR-74-582 Grant PASA-TA(CE)-04-73 Descriptors: 'Houses, 'Wind(Meteorology), 'Design criteria, Construction, Construction mate- rials, Typhoons, Hurricanes, Wind tunnel models, Developing countries. This report highlights the major accomplishments of the initial phase of a three fiscal year project to provide engineering technical assistance to the Agency for International Development (AID) for the development of design criteria for low-cost/ low- rise buildings to better withstand the effects of ex- treme winds. This phase represents approximately a 3 month level of effort. During this period CBT project staff members commenced six introductory tasks. These tasks will set the pace for the second fiscal year level of effort. The tasks included: initi- ate dialogue with local organizations and institutes in developing countries, establish a local Philippine advisory committee; conduct on-site visits to de- veloping countries to identify local professional candidates for short term consultating; conduct on-site visits to developed countries to collect in- formation from research centers; purchase initial wind tunnel and full-scale field test instrumenta- tion; and commence library search of related sub- ject documents. COM-74-1 1781/3 PC A02 Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology. A Fisherman's Co-operative: Open System Theory Applied Carl Gersuny, and John J. Poggie, Jr. 1974, 11p Marine Reprint-25, NOAA-741 02402 Grant NOAA-04-3-1 58-3 Pub. in Marit. Stud. Mgmt., v1 p21 5-222 1974. Descriptors: 'Fish marketing, 'Commercial fishing, 'Cooperative enterprises, Prices, Costs, Fishing equipment, New England. Identifiers: Reprints, Sea Grant program. There are about eighty co-operative associations in the commercial fisheries of the United States. Of these, the Point Judith Fishermen's Co-operative Association is one of the most successful. Fisher- men are motivated to band together in such orga- nizations by the payment of low prices by fish deal- ers, by high individual costs in getting fish to the market, by the inordinate expense of money and time in obtaining equipment on a retail, individual basis, and by an unsatisfactory supply of producer services beneficial to fishing. As a case study to illustrate and analyse the functioning of co-opera- tive within the framework of Thompson's open system theory the Point Judith Fishermen's Co-op- erative Association is described. COM-74-50182/6 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Some References on Metric Information with Charts on All You Need to Know About Metric; Metric Conversion Fractors Special pub. W. Small. Dec 73, 13p Rept no. NBS-SP-389 Paper copy available from GPO $0.25 as C13.10:389. Descriptors: 'Metric system, Conversion, Tables(Data). Identifiers: NBS. As metric use increases in this country, interest in metric information is also increasing. This booklet was developed to provide a listing of sources for pertinent metric information. Included is a list of publications produced by the National Bureau of Standards and available from the Superintendent of Documents. Also included is a list assembled by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics of organizations that market metric materials for educators, and a list of additional sources of metric information. COM-74-50184/2 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Center for Building Technology. Design, Siting, and Construction of Low-Cost Housing and Community Buildings to Better Withstand Earthquakes and Windstorms Final rept. William F. Reps, and Emil Simiu. Jan 74, 153p Rept no. NBS-BSS-48 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Paper copy available from GPO $4.85 as C13.29/ 2:48. Descriptors: 'Buildings, 'Environmental engineer- ing, 'Storms, 'Earthquakes, Turkey, Peru, Philip- pine Islands, Developing countries, Earthquake re- sistant structures, Avalanches, Site surveys, Struc- tural engineering, Disasters. Identifiers: 'Low cost housing, 'Windstorms, NBS. The report provides technical information regard- ing characteristics of materials and building sys- tems, and discusses the structural performance of buildings subjected to the action of earthquakes and wind forces with specific reference to struc- tures typical of developing countries. Potential ways are described in which structures can be made more resistant to such action. Siting consid- erations are discussed from a geological, seismic and climatological viewpoint, and recommenda- tions relating to siting problems are made. Tech- niques of housing construction, both traditional and industrialized, are described and improve- ments resulting in better earthquake or windstorm resistance are suggested. Building codes, their im- provement and their enforcement are also dis- cussed. 21 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES COM-74-50189-01-05 (Order as COM-74-50 189-01) United Nations Development Program, Manila (Philippines). A Review of the Indonesian Shrimp Fishery and Its Present Developments Foreign fisheries leaflet M. Unar. 1974, 11p NMFS-FFL-73-16, MFR- Paper-1030 Included in Marine Fisheries Review, v36 n1 p21- 30 Jan 74, COM-74-501 89-01 . Descriptors: *Shrimp fisheries, 'Indonesia, Food supply, Food storage, Economic development, Fishing grounds, Fishing industry, Reviews. Identifiers: NOAA. In 1968 joint ventures involving foreign capital were established in shrimp fisheries in several parts of Indonesia, particularly in the Sumatra, Kali- manta, and West Irian regions. This has given rise to the establishment of new small shrimp centers such as those in Kotabaru, on the island of Pulau Laut in southeast Kalimantan, Ambon and Sorong. COM-74-50522/3 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Economic Development Administration, Washing- ton, D.C. The Potential of Handcrafts as a Viable Eco- nomic Force • An Overview May 74, 56p Paper copy available from GPO $0.65. Descriptors: *Crafts, 'Marketing, Craftsmen, Skills, Financing, Designers, Economic factors, Operating costs, Blighted areas. Identifiers: 'Handicrafts, Design crafts. Handcrafts are considered to be an emerging and viable economic force, but their impact must be viewed relative to their setting. They often may generate jobs and income in areas that offer only meager alternatives. Handcrafts preserve our na- tional folk heritage, contribute to our cultural tradi- tions, and provide both recreational and therapeu- tic benefits to handicapped persons, the elderly, and others. Crafts can be produced, individually, by sophisticated urban-oriented artisans and by isolated mountaineers; by urban or rural coopera- tives; by such ethnic groups as Indians, Mexican- Americans, and Alaskan Natives; and by craft cen- ters, where volume production is combined with hand skills. There is growing market for quality crafts that can be supplied in quantity and depen- dably. COM-74-51 230/2 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Center for Building Technology. FY 74 Progress Report on Design Criteria and Methodology for Construction of Low-Rise Buildings to Resist Typhoons and Hurricanes Interim rept. 1 Jul 73-30 Jun 74 (Final) Noel J. Raufaste, Jr, and Richard D. Marshall. Jul 74, 277p Rept no. NBSIR-74-567 Grant PASA-TA(CE)-04-73 Paper copy available from GPO. Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, 'Environmen- tal engineering, 'Wind pressure, Typhoons, Hurri- canes, Developing countries, Technical assist- ance, Design criteria, Technology transfer, Wind tunnel models, Meetings, Test facilities, Work- shops, Loads(Forces), Gust loads. Identifiers: Low rise buildings, Wind resistant build- ings. This report gives the major accomplishments of the second phase of a three year project to devel- op improved design criteria for low-rise buioldings that better resist extreme winds. During FY 74, the Center for Building Technology commenced sev- eral tasks which will serve as major inputs to the development of improved design criteria. These tasks include: (1) selecting two more field test sites in the Philippines, (2) instrumenting four full scale houses, (3) instrumenting the University of Philip- pines wind tunnel facility, (4) participating in a 1973 International workshop at Manila, and (5) helping develop in Bangladesh and Jamaica a methodolo- gy for the transfer of technology. COM-75-10241/8 PC A02 State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook. Marine Sci- ences Research Center. Inexpensive Modular Habitats for Juvenile Lobsters ('Homarus americanus') Matoira H. Chanley, and Orville W. Terry. 14 Mar 74, 5p NOAA-74123102 Grant NOAA-2-35281 Pub. in Aquaculture, v4 p89-92 1 974. Prepared in cooperation with Suffolk County Community Coll., Seldon, N.Y. Descriptors: 'Lobsters, 'Aquaculture, Shellfish, Larvae, Design, Diagrams. Identifiers: Reprints, Homarus americanus, Habi- tats. The paper presents details of a device which is suitable for use as a rearing habitat for juvenile lob- sters (genus Homarus) from the fourth stage to a size with a carapace length of about 2.7 cm. The device is thought to be original and an improve- ment over others previously reported. COM-75-10263/2 PC A02 Puerto Rico Univ., Mayaguez. Dept. of Marine Sci- ences. Opercular Algal Growth on the Cichlid Fish Tl- lapia aurea', Cultured in Sea Water James W. Miller, and David L. Ballantine. 1 974, 5p NOAA-75021303 Pub. in Aquaculture, v4 p93-95 1 974. Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, 'Animal diseases, 'Fishes, Vibrio, Bacterial diseases, Infectious dis- eases, Algae, Sea water, Chlorophyta, Aero- monas, Phaeophyta. Identifiers: Reprints, Tilapia aurea. Enteromorpha lingulata (Chlorophyta) and Giffor- dia mitchellae (Phaeophyta) were found growing on opercula of Tilapia aurea cultured in sea water. Fish observed had mild Vibrio and Aeromonas bacterial infections, manifested by abscesses on their opercula and other areas of the body. Algal growth was observed only on the operculum, which appears to be a more suitable attachment site due to its bony nature. Abscessed areas on opercula were devoid of scales. Mechanical abra- sion resulting in scale loss appears to provide a suitable attachment site for algae. Plants exam- ined were small, up to six mm in length. Tufts of algae covered opercular abscesses. Fish did not appear to be attracted to tufts of algae growing on other fish; all fish appeared normal in behavior, ex- hibiting a positive response to feeding and satis- factory growth. COM-75-10394/5 PC A08/MF A01 Puerto Rico Univ., Mayaguez. Dept. of Marine Sci- ences. The Development of Cultures of the Channel Catfish 'Ictalurus punctatus' and 'Tilapia' Spe- cies in Puerto Rico Final rept. 1 Jul 71-30 Jun 74 Francisco A. Pagan-Font. 30 Jun 74, 1 74p NOAA-75022110 Descriptors: 'Catfishes, 'Aquaculture, Fishes, Fisheries, Puerto Rico, Cultures(Biology), Recom- mendations, Salinity, Temperature, Feeding stuffs. Identifiers: Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Ti- lapia aurea. Polyculture of channel catfish with Tilapia spp. was demonstrated. Recommended harvest size for catfish is 350 g obtainable in one year. T. aurea can produce three crops per year at a weight of over 68.1 g per fish. Sugar mill waste, rum and beer distillery wastes, tuna stickwater, pharmaceu- tical yeasts, and chicken manure were found to be of possible use as local fish feeds. Raceway cul- tures were found to be expensive and are not rec- ommended at this time. In polyculture trials it was found that 9000 kg per hectare per year may be attained. The Lajas Valley appears to be most suit- able for fish culture where some 700 acres, which is too saline for agricultural purposes, could be used. COM-75-10474/5 PC A19/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Sea Grant Project Office. Using Co-op jratlves to Aid the New England Fishing Industry Henry S. Marcus, James R. Townley, Jr, Alan J. Brown, and Eddie Lee. 31 Dec 74, 437p MITSG- 75-7, NOAA-75031703 Grant NOAA-04-5-1 58-1 Index No. 75-307-Nel. Descriptors: 'Fisheries, 'Accounting, 'Financial management, Fish industry, Marketing, Food proc- essing, Personnel management, Economic analy- sis, Seafood, Prices, Systems analysis, Sea ur- chins, New England. Identifiers: 'Cooperatives, Sea Grant program. The four-part study provides insight into the New England fishing industry in order to determine how fishing co-operatives can be more effective. The thrust of the research was to put into perspective the role of fishing co-operatives, their problems, and their future. The concept, background, finan- cial management, personnel management, mar- keting problems, processing procedures, market competition, and systems management of New England co-operatives is addressed. Specific stud- ies deal with an analysis of accounting systems for fisheries; future prospects for New England do- mestic and imported fish processing and handling facilities; and a systems management approach to analyzing distant markets for New England sea- food, with particular emphasis on the exportation of fresh sea urchin roe. COM-75-1 1378/7 PC A04/MF A01 National Marine Fisheries Service, Gloucester, Mass. Atlantic Fishery Products Technology Center. A Study: Expanded Processing Techniques, Production Costs and Market Survey of Under- utilized Fish Species Technical assistance rept. J. M. Mendelsohn. May 74, 60p* EDA-75-05 Grant EDA-01 -6-091 31 -2 Descriptors: 'Fishes, 'Economic development, 'Market research, Abundance, Food processing, Food consumption, Food preparation, Food stor- age, Drying, Feasibility, Acceptability. Identifiers: 'Merlucciusbilinearis, 'Market surveys, Fish products, Technical assistance, 'Fish cakes. The program was carried out by the Atlantic Fish- ery Products Technology Center (AFPTC), Nation- al Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) under a one- year contract with the Economic Development Ad- ministration (EDA), U.S. Department of Com- merce. The contract called for implementing the results of a previous study (A Study to Develop New Products from Whiting or Other Underutilized Species,) in which new products having commer- cial potential were prepared on a laboratory scale from seasonally abundant and underutilized whit- ing (Merluccius bilinearis) and similar species. COM-75-50001/7 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Center for Building Technology. Development of Improved Design Criteria for Low-Rise Buildings in Developing Countries to Better Resist the Effects of Extreme Winds. Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Hall, National Sci- ence Development Board, Manila, Philippines, November 14-17, 1973 Building science series rept. Noel J. Raufaste, Jr, and Richard D. Marshall. Oct 74, 169p* Rept no. NBS-BSS-56 Grant PASA-TA(CE)-04-73 Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 74-600158. Paper copy available from GPO as C1 3.29/2:56. Descriptors: 'Buildings, 'Wind pressure, 'Storms, 'Developing countries, Meetings, Design criteria, Dynamic structural analysis, Hurricanes, Damage control, Management information systems, Rec- ommendations. Identifiers: 'Wind resistant buildings, 'Low rise buildings. 22 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES A 1 973 international workshop held in Manila, Phil- ippines, addressed the state-of-the-art in mitigat- ing building damages from winds. The workshop was jointly sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), a Philip- pine advisory committee, and the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS). This report presents the proceedings derived from the workshop. The proceedings present recommendations, the work- shop program, five reports, and nine technical arti- cles. The technical articles addressed four primary topics which were used to guide subsequent work- shop discussions. The topics addressed were; wind and aerodynamics, structural related technol- ogy, socio-economic and architectural consider- ations, and codes and standards. The results of the workshop suggest improved building practices for developing countries and the development of improved design criteria for low-rise buildings to better resist the effects of extreme winds. COM-75-50185-03-05 (Order as COM-75-50 185-03) Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Marketing. An Analysis of Prices Paid to Fishermen Before and After the Establishment of a Fishery Coop- erative Charles W. Lamb, Jr. Mar 75, 4p MFR-Paper- 1130 Grant NOAA-2-35364 Included in Marine Fisheries Review, v37 n3 p36- 38 Mar 75. Descriptors: *Fish industry, "Cooperatives, Objec- tives, Fish harvesting, Prices, Fish economics, Food storage, Food processing, Exports, Market- ing my. Identifiers: Sea Grant program. 'A fishery cooperative consists of a group of indi- vidual fishermen acting together for mutual benefit and is designed to accomplish group objectives.' These group objectives are primarily economic in nature and often directly related to the prices paid to the fishermen for their catch. Common motiva- tions to create fishery cooperatives include exces- sive price fluctuations, weakness of prices at the primary producer level, and/or insufficient storage and processing facilities. The paper reports the findings of a case study which compared the prices received by fishermen prior to and after the establishment of a unique fishery cooperative or- ganization. COM-75-50 192-03-04 (Order as COM-75-501 92-03) National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Wash. Northwest Fisheries Center. Selective and Unselective Exploitation of Ex- perimental Populations of Tilapia mossam- bica' Ralph P. Silliman. Dec 74, 14p NOAA-75090808- 4 Included in Fishery Bull., v73 n3 p495-507 Jul 75. Descriptors: "Fishes, "Aquaculture, Growth, Mor- tality, Food habits, Breeding, Weight(Mass), Com- parison, Selection, Economic factors, Mathemat- ical models, Genetics. Identifiers: "Tilapia mossambica, Fish stocks. Two populations of Tilapia Mossambica were grown under controlled conditions. After a period of growth and stabilization at about 1 kg and 200 fish, exploitation was started; about 50 fish of out- side stock were added to each population to in- crease genetic variability. Recruitment was esti- mated from data of stock, mortality, and catch. Pa- rabolas fitted to the stock-recruitment relation sug- gested greater recruitment in the selectively fished stock than in the unselectively fished one. The ex- ploitation-yield relation was assessed by fitting Fox surplus-yield models to both populations. CONF-730560-1 PC A02/MF A01 Sydney Univ. (Australia). Alternative Energy Sources: A Research Chal- lenge D. W. George. 1973, 21 p U.S. Sales Only. Descriptors: "Energy sources, "Australia, "Tidal power, "Research programs, "Wind, Research programs, "Geothermal energy, Research pro- grams, Economics, Energy consumption, Energy conversion, Energy source conservation, Environ- ment, Fossil fuels, Fuel cells, Hydroelectric power, Magnetohydrodynamics, Natural gas, Solar energy. Identifiers: AEC. For abstract, see NSA 28 1 1 , number 29382. CONF-750712-12 PC A02/MF A01 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne (Australia). Solar Energy for the Australian Food Process- ing Industry D. Proctor, and R. N. Morse. 1975, 13p Annual meeting of the International Solar Energy Society, Los Angeles, California, USA, 28 Jul 1975. U.S. Sales Only. Descriptors: "Solar dryers, "Solar drying, Agricul- ture, Economics, Feasibility studies, Process heat, Temperature dependence. Identifiers: ERDA/140905, ERDA/299001, Austra- lia, "Food industry, Industries, Cost effectiveness. Since the cost effectiveness of solar heat-generat- ing systems decreases as the temperature in- creases, the potential for large-scale use of solar energy for industrial processes is very dependent on the operating temperature of the process. Ex- amination of a sample of the Australian food-proc- essing industry has shown that 70 percent of the heat is used at temperatures below 100 exp C and there is no significant usage above 1 50 exp C. A feasibility study of a typical plant in Melbourne shows that it is technically practicable to phase solar energy heating systems into existing proc- esses, and that, using known techniques, over 50 percent of the annual heat requirements could be provided by solar collectors. The roof area is ade- quate for the mounting of collectors but space must be found for insulated hot-water tanks to pro- vide thermal storage. Since the gross return on in- vestment in the solar installation is the value of the fuel saved, this is directly related to fuel prices. In a situation where energy prices are changing rapidly, recommendations on cost effectiveness have no lasting significance. The paper describes simple methods of making accurate predictions for specif- ic situations so that plant owners and operators can make their own judgements on cost effective- ness. (ERA citation 01 :01 8935) CONF-750761-1 PC A02/MF A01 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, East Melbourne (Australia). Application of Solar Energy in the Food Proc- essing Industry D. Proctor, and R. F. White. 1975, 9p Meeting on applications of solar energy research and development in Australia, Melbourne, Austra- lia^ Jul 1975. U.S. Sales Only. Descriptors: "Solar collectors, "Solar drying, "Process heat, Agriculture, Food, Economics, In- dustry. Identifiers: ERDA/140905, ERDA/299001, Austra- lia, "Food industry, Industries. In the food processing industries investigated in this study, the major portion of the heat require- ments were in processes operated with tempera- tures in the 60 to 80 exp C range. Most of the process energy was required at constant tempera- ture. An example of a factor is given to illustrate how solar energy can be integrated with conven- tional fuel so that the solar input is about 58 per- cent of the annual energy usage. It shows that cur- rently available commercial collectors can operate with a positive return on investment within the life of the plant for process temperatures below 50 exp C, but it also highlights the need for an improved commercial collector capable of producing high- temperature water. (ERA citation 01:01 8936) CONF 760536-1 PC A02/MF A01 Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. Potential for Energy Conservation Technology Transfer E. C. Hise. 1976, 11p Southern interstate nuclear board meeting, Win- ston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America (USA), 24 May 1 976. Descriptors: "Commercial buildings, "Energy con- servation, "Energy consumption, "Houses, Tech- nology transfer, Air conditioning, Capital, Econom- ics, Efficiency, Engineering, Environmental effects, Furnaces, Government policies, Heat pumps, Modifications, Sociology, Space heating, Stand- ards, Thermal insulation, Water heaters. Identifiers: ERDA/291000, ERDA/320100, "Resi- dential buildings, Hot water heating. The segment of energy consumption related to space conditioning and water heating in residen- tial, commercial, and institutional buildings is dis- cussed specifically. Within this constraint building energy consumption is discussed, considering three choices: drastic alteration of life style; even greater energy operating costs; or relatively large capital expenditures to reduce building energy consumption. It is concluded that the average ex- isting residence can, through insulation, reduce its energy consumption to 60 percent of present for an expenditure of $500 to $1 000 and a pay back of 5 to 1 years. The average existing commercial or institutional building can save even more, although their construction may require less commonplace insulation methods than residences. New con- struction can show greater energy savings at little or no additional construction cost. From data con- tained in reports in the bibliography (10 items), the author again concludes that the average existing residential heating/cooling system (equipment) can be modified or replaced to reduce its energy consumption to 60 percent or even 40 percent of the present at a cost of a few hundred to $3000 as a function of the problem. The possible savings in commercial and institutional buildings are equally great. (ERA citation 01 :01 9507) CONF-770367- PC A15/MF A01 Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster. Proceedings of a Conference on Solar Energy for Heating Greenhouses and Greenhouse- Residential Combinations T. E. Bond, L. C. Godbey, and H. F. Zornig. Nov 77, 350p Conference on solar energy for greenhouses and greenhouse-residential combinations, Cleveland, OH, USA, 20 Mar 1977. Descriptors: "Greenhouses, "Solar heating sys- tems, "Meetings, Agriculture, Food industry, Lead- ing abstract. Identifiers: ERDA/ 140901, ERDA/299001, ERDA/ 553000. Seventeen papers are included. A separate ab- stract was prepared for each for Energy Research Abstracts (ERA); eight are included in Energy Ab- stracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA). (ERA citation 03:030595) COO-2390-15 PC A02/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. Needs and Opportunities for Ceramic Science and Technology W. D. Kingery. 1976, 12p Rept no. CONF- 7605158-1 Contract EY-76-S-02-2390 International meeting on modern ceramic technol- ogy, Rimini, Italy, 26 May 1976. Descriptors: "Ceramics, "Industrial plants, Capital, Demand factors, Energy consumption, Energy demand, Environmental effects, Manufacturing, Materials, Resources, Technology assessment. Identifiers: ERDA/320302, ERDA/320302, Invest- ments, Manpower, Energy requirements, Fabrica- tion, Ceramics industry, Industries. There clearly seems to be a consensus developing that technological requirements, including ceram- ics, will be sought in the next few decades with regard to (1) substituting common and readily available materials for rarer and therefore dimin- 23 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES ishing resources, (2) making strong efforts to either conserve energy or develop Tiew sources of energy, (3) protecting the environment, and (4) providing opportunities for more worker satisfac- tion. An attempt is made to relate these objectives to needs and opportunities for ceramics, the fol- lowing considerations are discussed in reference to the ceramic industry: labor-capital requirements, materials resource requirements, energy require- ments, environmental requirements, fabrication re- quirements, and new product requirements. (ERA citation 02:057032) COO/2829-1 PC A06/MF A01 InterTechnology Corp., Warrenton, Va. Analysis of the Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Energy to Provide Industrial Process Heat. Final Report, Volume I 7 Feb 77, 120p Contract EY-76-C-02-2829 Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Industrial plants, 'Proc- ess heat, 'Solar collectors, 'Solar cookers, *olar drying, 'Solar furnaces, 'Solar kilns, 'Solar stills, 'Solar water heaters, Automobile industry, Boilers, Building materials, Chemical industry, Coal indus- try, Concentrating collectors, Cost, Economics, Environmental effects, Fertilizers, Financial incen- tives, Flat plate collectors, Food industry, Glass in- dustry, Industry, Legal aspects, Life-cycle cost, Mathematical models, Meat industry, Metal indus- try, Mineral industry, Ore processing, Paper indus- try, Petroleum industry, Site selection. Solar cook- ing, Solar distillation, Solar dryers, Synthetic fuels industry, Technology assessment. Identifiers: ERDA/1 40905, ERDA/141000, ERDA/ 299001, ERDA/140300, ERDA/140909, Textile industry, Industries, Solar water heating. The process heat data base assembled as the result of this survey includes specific process ap- plications from 78 four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) groups. These applications ac- count for the consumption of 9.81 quadrillion Btu in 1 974, about 59 percent of the 1 6.6 quadrillion Btu estimated to have been used for all process heat in 1 974. About 7 exp 1 / sub 2 percent of industrial process heat is used below 21 2 exp F (1 00 exp C), and 28 percent below 550 exp F (288 exp C). In this study, the quantitative assessment of the potential of solar thermal energy systems to pro- vide industrial process heat indicates that solar energy has a maximum potential to provide 0.6 quadrillion Btu per year in 1985, and 7.3 quadrillion Btu per year in 2000, in economic competition with the projected costs of conventional fossil fuels for applications having a maximum required tempera- ture of 550 exp (288 exp C). A wide variety of collector types were compared for performance and cost characteristics. Performance calculations were carried out for a baseline solar system provid- ing hot water in representative cities in six geo- graphical regions within the U.S. Specific indus- tries that should have significant potential for solar process heat for a variety of reasons include food, textiles, chemicals, and primary metals. Lumber and wood products, and paper and allied products also appear to have significant potential. However, good potential applications for solar process heat can be found across the board throughout indus- try. Finally, an assessment of nontechnical issues that may influence the use of solar process heat in industry showed that the most important issues are the establishment of solar rights, standardization and certification for solar components and sys- tems, and resolution of certain labor-related issues. (Volume 1 of 3 volumes.). (ERA citation 02:058733) COO/2829-2 PC A99/MF A01 InterTechnology Corp., Warrenton, Va. Analysis of the Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Energy to Provide Industrial Process Heat. Final Report, Volume II 7 Feb 77, 1234p Contract EY-76-C-02-2829 Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, 'Process heat, 'Solar air heaters, 'Solar collectors, 'Solar cook- ers, 'Solar dryers, 'Solar furnaces, 'Solar kilns, 'Solar stills, 'Solar water heaters, Agriculture, Automobile industry, Boilers, Building materials, Chemical industry, Coal industry, Concentrating collectors, Cost, Economics, Environmental ef- fects, Fertilizers, Financial incentives, Flat plate collectors, Food industry, Glass industry, Industry, Legal aspects, Life-cycle cost, Mathematical models, Meat industry, Metal industry, Mineral in- dustry, Ore processing. Paper industry, Petroleum industry, Site selection, Solar cooking, Solar distil- lation, Solar drying, Synthetic fuels industry. Identifiers: ERDA/140905, ERDA/141000, ERDA/ 140300, ERDA/140909, ERDA/299001. This report is Volume 2 of three volumes. For ab- stract see Volume I, report COO/2829- 1 . (ERA ci- tation 02:058734) COO/2829-3 PC A99/MF A01 InterTechnology Corp., Warrenton, Va. Analysis of the Economic Potential of Solar Thermal Energy to Provide Industrial Process Heat. Final Report, Volume III 7 Feb 77, 81 9p Contract EY-76-C-02-2829 Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, 'Process heat, 'Solar air heaters, 'Solar collectors, 'Solar cook- ers, 'Solar dryers, 'Solar furnaces, 'Solar kilns, 'Solar stills, 'Solar water heaters, Agriculture, Automobile industry, Boilers, Building materials, Chemical industry, Coal industry, Concentrating collectors, Cost, Economics, Environmental ef- fects, Fertilizers, Financial incentives, Flat plate collectors, Food industry, Glass industry, Industry, Legal aspects, Life-cycle cost, Mathematical models, Meat industry, Metal industry, Mineral in- dustry, Ore processing, Paper industry, Petroleum industry. Site selection, Solar cooking, Solar distil- lation, Solar drying, Synthetic fuels industry. Identifiers: ERDA/140905, ERDA/141000, ERDA/ 140300, ERDA/140909, ERDA/299001. This report is Volume 3 of three volumes. For ab- stract, see Volume I, report COO/2829--1. (ERA citation 02:058735) COO-2929-6 PC A05/MF A01 Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Energy Re- sources Center. Low-Cost Solar Air Heater. Seml-Annual Prog- ress Report, June 29, 1976-December 22, 1976 D. R. Rask, and L. J. Mueller. 22 Dec 77, 89p Contract EY-76-C-02-2929 Descriptors: 'Solar air heaters, Computer calcula- tions, Cost, Design, Efficiency, Fabrication, Jets, Performance, Performance testing, Simulation, Spectrally selective surfaces. Identifiers: ERDA/141000, 'Solar collectors, Heat transfer. The results to date on the development of a low- cost solar air heater are described. A unique jet- impingement concept is used as the absorber plate-to-air stream heat-transfer mechanism. The program objective is to design, fabricate, test and evaluate the jet-impingement concept collector. For comparison purposes, a baseline parallel-plate collector was analyzed, fabricated and tested. Values for the average jet-heat transfer coefficient are predicted and presented. A computer simula- tion using a nodal network collector model is used to predict collector performance. The predicted ef- ficiency improvement of the jet-plate collector over that of the parallel-plate collector, at a fixed-flow rate of 1.47 kg/min-m2(4SCFM/ft exp 2 ), is ap- proximately 1 1 percent for a one-cover design and 9 percent for a two-cover design. If the existing se- lective absorber coating and etched cover glass technology of Honeywell is applied to the jet-plate collector, the resulting performance gain over the baseline parallel-plate collector is 21 percent at the intercept and 35 percent for a typical space heating application. The collector mechanical design effort involved a study of cost effective methods for assembly and material selection. A preliminary recommended design is presented. In summary, it has been recommended that alumi- nized steel sheet, pre-painted with an acrylic paint, be used for the box material. A semi-rigid fiber glass, 2.54-cm (1-inch) thick, with an aluminum facing is recommended for the insulation. A steel absorber plate and a pre-assembled nozzle plate or perforated plate is used for the jet plate. Two sheets of 0.31 8-cm (0.125 inch) tempered, low- iron glass are recommended for the glazings. The baseline parallel plate test results are presented. Since jet-plate collector testing had just com- menced at the time of this writing, we have no test results. (ERA citation 03:008225) COO-4094-1 PC A05/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Lexington. Lincoln Lab. Photovoltaic Power In Less Developed Coun- tries D. V. Smith. 24 Mar 77, 92p Contract EY-76-C-02-4094 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Irrigation, 'Photovoltaic power plants, 'Solar cell arrays, 'Solar water pumps, Communities, Demonstration programs, Diesel engines, Drinking water, Eco- nomics, Electric power, Feasibility studies, Lighting systems, Photovoltaic conversion, Pumps, Rural populations, Solar cells, Television. Identifiers: ERDA/140501, ERDA/140600, ERDA/ 140300, ERDA/299001. The potential of solar photovoltaic power in the third world (less developed countries) is analyzed. Application of irrigation systems powered by pho- tovoltaics in Bangladesh, Chad, India, and Paki- stan, plus an economic analysis of a photovoltaic- powered village in northern India indicate solar energy is competitive with the least-cost fossil-fuel alternatives. The most cost-effective method for specific geographical locations can be determined by field testing based on the case history data re- ported. (ERA citation 02:045245) DIB-76-02-503 PC E06/MF A01 P. A. Management Consultants (Re) Ltd., Singa- pore. Survey of the Market for Sawmllling and Wood- working Equipment in Singapore Foreign market survey rept. 18 Jul 75, 112p Sponsored in part by Domestic and International Business Administration, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Market surveys, 'Woodworking ma- chinery, 'Sawmills, 'Singapore, Molding ma- chines, Planers, Drilling machinesfTools), Materi- als handling equipment, Exports, International trade, Market research, United States. Identifiers: SIC 3423, SIC 3537, SIC 3567, SIC 3811, SIC 3546, SIC 3425, SIC 3535, SIC 9770. There are important markets in Singapore for sev- eral of the product categories under reference e.g., woodworking items. However, the total sawmilling and woodworking industry is not buoyant and in fact, certain sectors (e.g. sawmilling) are quite stagnant. Growth trends for the forseeable future would therefore not be significant. Currently, awareness of the U.S. range of products is poor. Most respondents had no prior experience with U.S. equipment. Several misconceptions were evi- dent; for example, it was felt that: U.S. equipment is highly priced or even over-priced; U.S. equip- ment, because of its high level of sophistication, is often not relevant to local operating requirements. Sales potential for the immediate future is general- ly poor. Of the total range of items under review, respondents indicated that the items more likely to be purchased within the next two years would probably include portable sawmills, molders, plan- ing machines, drilling machines, and materials handling equipment. DIB-77-10-514 PC E06/MF A01 Chinca Credit Information Service Ltd., Taipei (Taiwan). Marketing Research Dept. Plywood Processing and Woodworkig Equip- ment Study in Taiwan R. O. C Foreign market survey rept. Jun 77, 70p Rept no. Job-770355 Descriptors: 'Market surveys, 'Woodworking ma- chinery, 'Plywood, 'Taiwan, Exports, Market re- search, United States. Identifiers: SIC 3553, SIC 9770, 'Foreign trade. The market research was undertaken to study the present and potential US share of the market in Taiwan for plywood processing and woodworking 24 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES equipment; to examine growth trends in the Taiwan end-user industries over the next few years; to identify specific product categories that offer the most promising export potential for US companies; and to provide basic data which will assist US suppliers in determining current and po- tential sales and marketing opportunities, the trade promotional and marketing techniques were also reviewed. DOCKET-50334-46 PC A02/MF A01 Duquesne Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Beaver Valley Power Station, Unit 1. Fire at Motor Control Center 1-E6 24 Oct 72, 8p Descriptors: 'Beaver valley power reactor/ unit 1. For abstract, see NSA 27 03, number 07044. DOE/NASA/ 1022-78/29 PC A02/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. Photovoltaic Water Pumping Applications: As- sessment of the Near-Term Market L. Rosenblum, W. J. Bifano, L. R. Scudder, W. A. Poley, and J. P. Cusick. Mar 78, 25p Rept no. NASA-TM-78847 Contract EX-76-A-29-1022 Descriptors: "Photovoltaic power plants, 'Solar water pumps, *Solar cell arrays, Commercializa- tion, Developing countries, Evaluation, Market. Identifiers: ERDA/140600, ERDA/299001, ERDA/ 140501, Marketing. A preliminary assessment of the near-term market for photovoltaic water pumping applications is pre- sented. One of the objectives of the Department of Energy's (DOE) National Photovoltaic Program is to stimulate the demand for photovoltaic power systems so that appropriate markets will be devel- oped in the near-term to support the increasing photovoltaic production capacity also being devel- oped by DOE. Water pumping applications repre- sent such a potential market for photovoltaics. The price of energy for photovoltaic systems is com- pared to that of utility line extensions and diesel generators. The potential "domestic" demand is defined in the government, commercial/institution- al and public sectors. The foreign demand and sources of funding for water pumping systems in the developing countries are also discussed brief- ly. It is concluded that a near-term domestic market of at least 240 megawatts (peak) and a for- eign market of about 6 gigawatts (peak) exists and that significant market penetrations should be pos- sible beginning in the 1981-82 period. (ERA cita- tion 03:032896) DOE/NASA/1028-77/13 PC A03/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio. Lewis Research Center. Wind Turbine Generator Rotor Blade Concepts with Low Cost Potential T. L Sullivan, T. P. Cahill, D. G. Griffee, Jr, and H. W. Gewehr. Dec 77, 40p Rept nos. CONF- 780502-1, NASA-TM-73835 Contract EX-76-A-29-1028 23. national SAMPE symposium, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2 May 1978. Descriptors: 'Turbine blades, 'Wind turbines. Cost, Fabrication, Feasibility studies, Performance, Stresses. Identifiers: ERDA/1 70602, 'Rotor blades(Turbo machinery). Four processes for producing blades are exam- ined. Two use filament winding techniques and two involve filling a mold or form to produce all or part of a blade. The processes are described and a comparison is made of costs, material properties, designs and free vibration characteristics. Conclu- sions are made regarding the feasibility of each process to produce low cost, structurally adequate blades. (ERA citation 03:0281 12) ED-060 874 Not available NTIS World Health Organization, Djakarta (Indonesia). Regional Office for South-East Asia. Assignment Report on Library Banks in Health Institution in Indonesia Takeo Urata. 1971, 34p Rept no. Indonesia- 0115/E Available from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, Bethesda, Md. 20014 PC$3.29, MF$0.65. Descriptors: 'Medical libraries, 'Foreign countries, 'Library survey, 'Information networks, 'Library networks, Information needs, 'National programs, Developing nations, 'Library collections, Library services, 'Librarians, Library technicians. Identifiers: 'Indonesia. The medical library needs of Indonesia were sur- veyed and recommendations for improving the ex- isting situation are made based on the results of the survey. The survey indicates that: (1) the library collections are out of date and inadequate, (2) there is a need for more and better trained medical librarians and library assistants; (3) there is no modern circulation system for charging out books, (4) generally there is no good coordinated library service between the medical schools and the teaching hospitals and (5) many of the institutions surveyed have no library facilities at all. It is recom- mended that a Library Development Committee be appointed under the Ministry of Health and that this committee start working out a Master Plan at once. It is further recommended that two library administrators be sent abroad to see: (1 ) how the modern medical library is organized and managed, (2) how the modern medical library is used for edu- cation, research and clinics and (3) how library technology is developing to meet the daily needs. It is highly recommended that the publication and library routine work be mechanized. (Author/NH) ED-061 963 Not available NTIS Institute of Teachers' Training and Educational Sciences, Bandung (Indonesia). Bureau of Library. The Education and Training of Indonesian Li- brarians: Problems and Prospects Soejono Trimo. Jul 70, 1 8p Available from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, Bethesda, Md. 20014 PC$3.29, MF$0.65. Descriptors: 'Librarians, 'Training, 'Library educa- tion, Conference reports, 'Public libraries, 'For- eign countries, 'Library schools, Developing na- tions, 'Library technicians, Training, 'Libraries, Foreign countries. Identifiers: 'Indonesia. The education and training of Indonesian librarians is presented in the context of the Indonesian soci- ety; specifically, the relation with the educational aspects and programs of the nation. Only after these aspects are understood can well-balanced educational programs for the training of librarians be set up. It is shown that while there are demands for trained library personnel and professional li- brarians to support and enhance the national edu- cational programs, the librarians' training centers are inadequate to meet those demands. Steps which could be taken to help solve these problems are suggested. (Author/NH) ED-070 505 Not available NTIS Tanganyika Library Service (Tanzania). A National Plan for the Development of Library Services Ezekiel E. Kaungamno. Sep 72, 25p Available from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, Bethesda, Md. 20014, PC$3.29, MF$0.65. Descriptors: 'Library services, 'Developing Na- tions, 'African culture, Foreign countries, 'Library planning, Library services, 'Books, Publishing in- dustry, 'Public libraries, Branch libraries, 'Special libraries, School libraries, 'Library cooperation, Li- brary planning, 'Librarians, Training, 'Library tech- nicians, Training. Identifiers: Tanganyika, ERICL. The five essential features of any good library plan are objectives, inputs, process, outputs, and evalu- ation. In developing countries, the following factors affect, and should be considered in the formulation of library plans: illiteracy, lack of educational facili- ties, no common language, insufficient funds, and geographical features and the population distribu- tion. The library services of Tanganyika are dis- cussed, with these features and factors in mind, under the following headings: urban, rural and postal library service; box (collections of books) exchange; school libraries; special library develop- ment; Library Services Board Committees (includ- ing staff and training, and committees for public, school, special and branch libraries); the Develop- ment Programme; cooperation and coordination; manpower planning; recruitment and training of li- brarians and library assistants; and, the problems of book production. (Other documents on libraries in Tanganyika are available as: ED-053 749, ED- 054 829 and ED-054 831 .) (SJ) EIS-AA-72-5805-D PC E05 Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Serv- ice, Washington, D.C. Rural Environmental Assistance Program Draft environmental impact statement. 5 Dec 72, 116p USDA-ASCS-ES(Adm)-73-1, ELR-5805 Descriptors: 'Environmental surveys, 'Conserva- tion, 'United States, Environmental surveys, 'Puerto Rico, Environmental surveys, 'Virgin Is- lands, Environmental surveys, Soil conservation. Water conservation, Forest land, Wildlife, Pollu- tion, Abatement, Rural areas, Construction, Vege- tation, Soil erosion. Identifiers: 'Environmental impact statements. The report describes the Rural Environmental As- sistance Program, the Federal Government shares with farmers and ranchers and the cost of carrying out approved soil, water, woodland, and wildlife conservation and pollution-abatement practices on their land. The program places emphasis on the carrying out of long-term, enduring conservation and pollution-abatement measures on farm and ranch lands in all States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The program will speed up and/or make possible the carrying out of needed conser- vation and environmental protection and enhanc- ing measures in rural America. The impact on the environment will be beneficial and largely cumula- tive. The stimulus of this program sets in motion total direct investments in a wide variety of conser- vation and pollution-abatement practices, by close to a million farmers and ranchers a year, amount- ing to double the public contribution. Adverse envi- ronmental effects of major consequence would not be anticipated, if good management is carried out by program participants. Some minor adverse en- vironmental impacts may occur during the con- st-uction of water storage facilities, terraces, diver- sions, pollution-abatement, and other such meas- ures, and during the establishment of vegetative cover and tree plantings because of soil being open for a short period of time to potential erosion and noise from construction and tillage equipment. (Author) EIS-AA-73-1451-F PC A02/MF A01 Water Resources Council, Washington, D.C. Principles and Standards for Planning Water and Related Land Resources Final environmental impact statement. 4 Sep 73, 14p ELR-73-1451 Supersedes report dated Jul 72, PB-205 224-D-S. Descriptors: 'Environmental impact statements, 'Natural resources, 'United States, Environmental impact statements, Water resources, Land devel- opment, Conservation, Regional planning, Stand- ards, Criteria, Participative management, Econom- ic development, Environmental engineering, Es- thetics, Reviews. Identifiers: EIS. Principles and standards are established for plan- ning the use of the water and land resources of the United States to achieve objectives, determined cooperatively, through the coordinated actions of the Federal, State, and local governments; private enterprise and organizations; and individuals. ERDA-tr-288 PC A02/MF A01 Universidod de los Andes, Orinoco (Colombia). Center for the Integral Development of "Las Gaviotas" 21p Translation: source information not available. 25 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Descriptors: *Dams, 'Hydroelectric power plants, Colombia, Construction, Design, Hydraulics, Hy- droelectric power, Pipelines, Pumps, Research programs, Rural areas, Solar energy, Solar water heaters, Technology utilization, Transport, Water, Wind turbines. Identifiers: ERDA/ 130000, ERDA/ 140907, ERDA/ 1 70600, Translations. The following research projects in Colombia, are described briefly: development and use of 0.5 to 1.0 kW hydraulic turbines for rural hydroelectric power generation; water pipeline construction; construction of small dams; water pump design; wind mill design; development of solar water heat- ers; testing of hydraulic rams; an earth-cement solar reflector; and design of a cassava shredder. (ERA citation 03:023340) ERDA-77-47/2 PC A04/MF A01 Energy Research and Development Administra- tion, Washington, D.C. Div. of Solar Energy. Solar Program Assessment: Environmental Factors. Solar Agricultural and Industrial Proc- ess Heat Mar 77, 56p Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Industrial plants, 'Proc- ess heat, 'Environmental impacts, Air quality, Animal shelters, Construction, Environmental ef- fects, Greenhouses, Land use, Noise, Safety, Solar air heaters, Solar collectors, Solar drying, Solar energy, Solid wastes, Steam generators, Thermal pollution, Water quality. Identifiers: ERDA/140905, ERDA/140907, ERDA/ 140400, 'Solar heating. The major environmental issues associated with the further development of solar energy as a source of process heat in the industrial and agricul- tural sectors are presented and prioritized. Agricul- tural and industrial heating represents the specific application of a variety of Federally-funded solar technologies. To provide a background for this en- vironmental analysis, the basic concepts and tech- nologies of solar process heating are reviewed. The potential effects of these applications of solar energy on the full range of environmental con- cerns (e.g., air and water quality, biosystems, safety, social/institutional structures) are then dis- cussed in terms of both their relative significance and possible solutions. Although the development of solar energy as a source of process heat will contribute to some environmental problems common to construction projects and energy-pro- ducing technologies (e.g., construction noise, ther- mal discharge to the air and water), only those im- pacts unique to the solar portion of the technology are discussed in depth. Finally, an environmental work plan is presented, listing research and devel- opment proposals and a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) document work plan which might help clarify and/or alleviate specific environ- mental and safety problems. (ERA citation 02:048094) ERDA-77-79 PC A05/MF A01 Energy Research and Development Administra- tion, Washington, D.C. Office of Planning, Analy- sis, and Evaluation. Managing the Socio-Economlc Impacts of Energy Development: A Guide for the Small Community Sep 77, 82p Contract EA-77-C-1 0-0037 Descriptors: 'Communities, 'Energy source devel- opment, 'Socio-economic factors, Boom towns, Decision making, Economic growth, Economic impact, Economics, Employment, Environmental impacts, Evaluation, Government policies, Income, Information, Local government, Management, Planning, Public health, Recreational areas, Resi- dential sector, Safety, Social impact, Solid wastes, State government, USA, Waste disposal, Water re- sources, Water treatment. Identifiers: ERDA/290200, ERDA/290300, ERDA/ 510500, ERDA/530100, ERDA/530200, Guide- lines, Handbooks. A decision concerning large-scale energy develop- ment is usually a complex one requiring coopera- tion of all levels of government as well as the gen- eral public and the private sector. The purpose of this handbook is to provide local officials with guid- ance regarding how they may assess, plan, and manage the socio-economic impacts of such de- velopment. Key areas of discussion in this report include: employment; personal income; housing; education; transportation; water supply; solid waste collection and disposal; waste water treat- ment; health care; recreation; and safety. It is unre- alistic to expect the typical small community to de- velop capabilities to independently evaluate a highly technical development which to them is a one-time occurrence. Thus, local officials must be aware of resources which they may tap for infor- mation and assistance at other levels of govern- ment. This handbook advises local officials on how they should organize to most effectively participate in assessing, planning, and managing energy de- velopment and how to insure that information is collected and analyzed to reflect local priorities and future planning needs. (ERA citation 03:031111) E77-10024 PC A02/MF A01 Instituto Geofisco del Peru, Lima. Application of Remote Sensing Techniques for the Study and Evaluation of Natural Resources in Peru Progress rept. Jose C. Pomalaya. 1975, 3p NASA-CR-149127 Descriptors: Peru, Tropical regions, Pipelines, Rivers, Agriculture, Earth resources program, Phosphates, Mines(Excavations), Multispectral photography. No abstract available. E78-10132 PC A02/MF A01 Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, Nairobi (Kenya). The Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring Unit. LANDSAT II Investigation Number 27990 Final rept. W. E. Stevens. 15 Feb 78, 18p NASA-CR- 157011 Descriptors: 'Kenya, 'Rangelands, Environmental monitoring, Ecology, Arid lands, Land use, Vegeta- tion, Ground truth, Soil moisture, Earth Resources program, Spectral reflectance. The author has identified the following significant results. Methodology for aerial surveys and ground truth studies was developed, tested, and revised several times to produce reasonably firm methods of procedure. Computer programs were adapted or developed to analyze, store, and recall data from the ground and air monitoring surveys. HCP/M3879-0003 PC A03/MF A01 Resource Planning Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Comprehensive Community Planning for Energy Management and Conservation: Devel- oping and Applying a Coordinated Approach to Energy-Related Community Development. Ex- ecutive Summary Dec 77, 36p Contract EX-76-C-1 0-3879 Descriptors: 'Communities, 'Energy source devel- opment, 'North Dakota, Economic impact, Effi- ciency, Energy conservation, Energy consumption, Energy management, Environmental impacts, Europe, Financing, France, Human populations, Land use, National energy plan, Planning, Recov- ery, Rural areas, Social impact, Socio-economic factors, Waste heat. Identifiers: ERDA/290200, ERDA/510500, ERDA/ 298000, ERDA/530100. This executive summary highlights and condenses the report HCP/M-3879/1, Vol. 1, which analyzes the community-development process and formu- lates an organizational approach to resolving the institutional and financial issues arising from energy-related community development. (ERA ci- tation 03:021682) HCP/M3879-1(V.1) PC A07/MF A01 Resource Planning Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. Comprehensive Community Planning for Energy Management and Conservation: Devel- oping and Applying a Coordinated Approach to Energy-Related Community Development. Volume I 14 Oct 77, 140p Contract EX-76-C- 10-3879 Descriptors: 'Communities, 'Energy source devel- opment, North Dakota, Economic impact, Energy conservation, Energy management, Environmen- tal impacts, Europe, Financing, France, Human populations, Land use, National Energy Plan, Plan- ning, Recovery, Rural areas, Social impact, Socio- economic factors, Waste heat. Identifiers: ERDA/290200, ERDA/510500, ERDA/ 298000, ERDA/530100, Mercer County(North Dakota). To achieve the objectives of ERDA's Community Systems Program, physical and institutional char- acteristics that determine a community's levels and patterns of energy use must be defined and methods of coordinating its energy systems estab- lished. In Chapter 1, Managing Rapid Growth to Achieve the Goals of Energy-Related Community Development, the goals are identified and the de- velopment activities and management functions constituting an effective approach to achieving them are defined. The characteristic problems of rapid growth are described and their causes traced. In Chapter 2, Identifying Elements of a Community-Development Approach Applicable to the Rapid-Growth Context, a number of domestic and European community-development ap- proaches that might be applicable to managing rapid growth in the boomtown context are sur- veyed. Applicable elements of a number of U.S. mechanisms and of two French community-devel- opment approaches that can serve as the basis for formulating an organizational approach are identi- fied. In Chapter 3, Formulating a General Commu- nity-Development Approach, the effectiveness of the approach, its adaptability to the boomtown context, and its capability for achieving the goals of energy-related development are demonstrated. In Chapter 4, Adapting the General Approach to Mercer County, North Dakota, the complex rapid- growth situation in Mercer County, North Dakota, is described. Chapter 5 is entitled, Defining the Limi- tations of the Mercer County Approach and the General Approach. The content of Volume I is sup- plemented and supported by a series of appen- dixes, assembled in Volume II. (ERA citation 03:021681) HIT-693(V.2)(App.) PC A17/MF A01 Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, Md. Comprehensive Community Planning for Energy Management and Conservation. First Interim Report. Volume II. Appendices Apr 77, 391 p Contract EC-77-C- 10-0023 Descriptors: 'Communities, 'Energy analysis, 'Energy conservation, 'Energy management, Bib- liographies, Engineering, Environmental impacts, Information retrieval, Land use, Planning, Reviews, Rural areas, Sociology, Systems analysis, Urban Identifiers: ERDA/291000, ERDA/290100, ERDA/ 320100, ERDA/510500, ERDA/530100, State of the art. This research effort performs a thorough survey of the state-of-the-art in each of the fields related to the community planning project for energy man- agement and conservation. Appendix A describes the results of that survey. In attempting a major, interdisciplinary research and development project such as this one, it is necessary to integrate theory and practice from several fields. These include land use planning, political science, public admin- istration, urban development, mechanical engi- neering, systems analysis, and the atmospheric sciences. The survey of current knowledge that was performed resulted in three major outputs. The first is an extensive bibliography of printed ma- terials which are related to this project. The bibliog- raphy is presented as Appendix B at the conclu- sion of this document. The second major product 26 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES of this task is an extensive set of abstracts of those relevant materials reviewed; this set of abstracts forms Appendix C. The third output of the survey is a set of reports of personal contacts with individ- uals or organizations that were either already working in the field of community energy analysis or were working in related fields. All contacts made were documented and contact reports are includ- ed in Appendix D. Appendix E is a description of community decision-making processes. (ERA cita- tion 03:018384) HRP-0006853/6 PC A02/MF A01 Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp., Oakland, Calif. Health Policies and International Corporations James P. Hughes. Nov 75, 15p This paper was presented at the 1975 Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Associ- ation. Descriptors: 'Environmental health, Water pollu- tion, Sanitation, Safety hazards, Residential build- ings, Public health, Occupational safety and health, Housing, Health care, Foreign countries, Disease vectors, Demography, Communities. The human health impact of development projects conducted in emerging countries by international corporations is discussed. It is felt that the impact of such a project should be considered from the point of view of people residing in an area, the pro- ject's future neighbors, and those newly attracted to the project site. The direct health impact of a development project is examined in relation to communicable disease control, housing and sani- tary facilities, dietary change, and the increased risk of road accidents. Direct health impacts of a development project on workers are concerned with work accidents, exposure to chemical and physical hazards, exposure to local diseases, and new disease vectors. The introduction of a major new project into a developing area is likely to create significant demands for a variety of social services, including medical care for project person- nel and their dependents and for people ordinarily attracted to a development site. In addition, public health measures such as monitoring the safety of water and food supplies, the enforcement of sani- tary regulations, and the control of disease vectors must be considered. Planning for health care in a development project must encompass therapeu- tic, preventive, and environmental services. A list of references is provided. HRP-000741 1/2 Not available NTIS Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Industrial Engineering. Maintenance System for a Small Hospital Charles F. James, Joseph Stanislao, and Sharad Wavde. 1970, 3p Pub. in Hospitals, Jnl. of the American Hospital As- sociation v44 n24 p70-71 , 74 16 Dec 70. Descriptors: State regions, Specifications, Rhode Island, Personnel management, Performance standards, Methodology, Medical equipment, Health resources, Health planning agencies, Health care technology, Health care facilities, Data processing, Data processing systems, Data collec- tion, Data acquisition. A system is described that includes both preven- tive and corrective maintenance for a small hospi- tal, based on experience at the 1 42-bed Westerly Hospital in Rhode Island. Equally applicable to any small health care organization such as a nursing home, the system is based on a program of weekly inspection and maintenance. The following system elements are included: work order form and proce- dures for its utilization, full set of equipment data records, and weekly schedule for comprehensive preventive maintenance. Maintenance service needs are communicated by hospital staff to the maintenance department via the work order. Equipment data records contain the item and its description, name of manufacturer, initial installa- tion cost, date when put in service, and equipment specifications. It is noted that the weekly schedule should remain flexible to enable the maintenance supervisor to use the skills of his employees to best advantage. A weekly maintenance schedule form which is coded to denote three categories of maintenance (overhaul, -clean, and functional check) can be of assistance to the supervisor in determining the number of man-hours needed for the week, in general and for specific pieces of equipment. The system can be further refined for the purpose of charge - back accounting by key- punching certain data from work orders, and this information can be computerized to provide total man-hours, total maintenance costs, and accumu- lated totals of man-hours for individual classifica- tion. HRP-0010205/3 Not available NTIS World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland). Meeting Basic Health Needs in Developing Countries: Alternative Approaches 1975, 20p Pub. in WHO Chronicle v29 n5 p1 68-1 87 1 975. Descriptors: 'Health care services, 'Health care delivery, Rural health services, Rural areas, Re- search, Health manpower, Foreign countries. Case studies are presented of primary health care projects undertaken in underdeveloped countries to identify the key factors in the success of such systems and to observe the effect of these factors in political, economic, and administrative frame- works. It appears that in underdeveloped coun- tries, malnutrition and parasistic and infectious dis- ease (including vector-borne, gastroenteric, and respiratory disease) are the main factors affecting health. Promising health programs were studied by World Health Organization and UNICEF teams in Bangladesh, Cuba, India, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Venezuela. In addition, visits were made to China and Yugoslavia. In some countries, there are complete countrywide health systems with a network of health workers from village to factory. In other countries, few resources are available and villagers are trained in the rudiments of primary care, disease prevention, and health education. They function as care-providers at the village level under the supervision (sometimes by two-way radio) of regional health care providers. Some- times traditional medicine (acupuncture and Ayur- vedic physicians in China and India) is incorporat- ed with modern medical practice. The innovations reviewed in this article are sufficiently promising to warrant a major change in policy and direction per- mitting programs of the type described in the case studies to be fostered, extended, adapted, and used as examples for a large scale global program. HRP-0013245/6 PC A09 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health. Some Health Sector Analysis Methods for De- veloping Nations Lawrence H. Stiff man. May 74, 185p Descriptors: 'Health planning, System analysis, Strategy, Quality assurance, Methodology, Mea- surement, Health care, Health care utilization, Health care facilities, Health care costs, Forecast- ing, Data processing, Data processing systems, Data analysis, Cost effectiveness, Benefit cost analysis. Quantitative methods and techniques for health planning and management are described in a manual directed to developing nations. The cata- log of health sector analysis methods has two pur- poses: (1) to present a selection of past analyses of components of the health sector; and (2) to evaluate these analyses in terms of their ability to identify choices in allocating scarce resources among competing objectives, activities, or strate- gies; to evaluate the consequences of alternative decisions in terms of health, economic improve- ment, and cost; and to identify the preferred alter- native given available information, skills, and re- sources. Application of health sector analysis techniques is described at the national, regional, single facility, and single program level. The manual opens with a discussion of the constraints in using quantitative methods and techniques. Pro- gram budgeting applications are then described in both developed and developing countries, and ex- amples of cost-effectiveness analysis are offered for cholera and malaria. Forecasting and oper- ations research techniques are described at the health program management level. Examples are presented of methods for identifying data, organiz- ing data into information, and analyzing and man- aging information in decisionmaking. Methods in- cluded are time series analysis, regression analy- sis, simple population and utilization projections, queuing and inventory theory, and network analy- sis. Analytic or optimizing models, including linear and dynamic mathematical programming and Mar- kovian analysis, are described. Allocation models are described for decisionmaking in regard to tu- berculosis, allocating, personnel moving patients, and environmental health. Supporting data, graphs, flow diagrams, and a bibliography are in- cluded. HRP-0016123/2 PC A04/MF A01 Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. Guide for the Organization of Health Services in Rural Areas and the Utilization of Auxiliary Personnel 1975, 72p Paper is the recommendations of two PAHO/WHO Working Groups convened in Washington, D.C, in April 1974. Descriptors: 'Rural health services, 'Health plan- ning, Sanitation, Rural areas, Policies, Pediatrics, Objectives, Methodology, Health resources, Health manpower, Health care services, Guide- lines, Foreign countries, Environmental health, Children, Child health services. The overall objective of the two multidisciplinary working groups of the Pan American Health Orga- nization was to develop a methodology for plan- ning, organizing, and controlling programs in order to extend the coverage of health programs in rural areas. An organizational methodology is proposed for the extension of health service coverage to rural areas. The methodology is programmatic and involves an analysis of the situation, the definition of objectives and target populations, the determi- nation of requirements, and execution. The pro- posed rural health program has three subpro- grams: (1) health care (maternal and child health and other direct health activities); (2) basic sanita- tion (water and excreta); and (3) statistics (statis- tics for health services and vital statistics). The role of rural communities in the utilization of health services and the implementation of the proposed rural health program is discussed. Functions and training requirements for auxiliary personnel work- ing in rural areas are identified. Data are tabulated on the assignment of tasks in a rural health pro- gram. The infrastructure of the proposed rural health program is detailed, with emphasis on plan- ning, organization, execution, control, and supervi- sion. Forms and guidelines are included for the conduct of a rural health program. A list of refer- ences is provided. JPRS-43442 PC A02 MF A01 Joint Publications Research Service, Washington, D.C. North Vietnam: Translations No. 288. 24 Nov 67, 22p Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Vietnam, Water sup- plies, Tropical regions, Cereals, Production, Plants(Botany), Irrigation systems, Distribution(Economics). Contents: Water conservancy to help make the winter-spring crop succeed; Ministry of Agriculture discusses measures to direct winter-spnng crop; Rational irrigation for the fifth-month rice crop; Drought problems; Encouraging the large-scale production of organic fertilizer; Improving com- modity distribution for peasants in Thai Binh Prov- ince; The need for increased production and supply of goods for feminine use; The need for families to plant medicinal plants. JPRS-57636 PC A03/MF A01 Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington, Va. Analysis of Virgin-Land Grain Raising F. T. Morgun. 30 Nov 72, 41 p Trans of mono, from Dumy O Tseline, Moscow, 1969p110-151. 27 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Descriptors: 'Grain crops, Land use, 'Agronomy, USSR, Plant growth, Weeds, Wheat plants, Corn plants, Arid land, Translations. Identifiers: Virgin land. The report discusses the problems encountered in developing the virgin lands in the period 1958- 1965. (Author) LA-DC-13156 PC A02/MF A01 Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex. Waste Management in a Small, Widely Dis- persed Mountain Community L. A. Emelity, R. Garde, and C. W. Christenson. 1971, 25p Rept no. CONF-720618-1 From 6. International Conference On Water Pollu- tion Research- Jerusalem, Israel (18 Jun 1972). Descriptors: * Los alamos area N. For abstract, see NSA 26 20, number 48486. LA-6489 PC A02/MF A01 Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N.Mex. Appropriate Technology and Navajo Economic Development C. D. Kolstad, D. P. Grimmer, P. Reno, and J. M. Tutt. Oct 76, 13p Contract W-7405-eng-36 Descriptors: 'Communities, 'Economics, 'Rural populations, 'USA, Capital, Comparative evalua- tions, Economic development, Feasibility studies, Implementation, Materials, Minerals, Production, Socio-economic factors, Technology assessment. Identifiers: ERDA/290200, American Indians, Navajo Indians. The history and economic status of the Navajo Indian Tribe are reviewed briefly. As measured by several yardsticks of economic well-being, the Navajo fall significantly below the rest of the United States. The Navajo have adopted an eco- nomic development plan "to bring the Navajo up to an equal footing with the rest of the nation." In view of these factors and the traditional rural set- tlement patterns of the Navajo, it is proposed that economic development within the Navajo Nation be aimed at encouraging increased productivity at a local level, in harmony with traditional values and lifestyles. Technology should be developed and adapted that can complement current Navajo life patterns. Technology appropriate for the Navajo would be of low capital cost, reliable, labor-inten- sive, personally satisfying to use, and decentral- ized. It is argued that appropriate technology can provide an increased material standard of living while permitting continuation of dispersed settle- ment patterns and traditional values. It is suggest- ed that a Center be established as part of the Navajo Community College to develop appropriate technological aids for the Navajo and to implement this technology within the vast Navajo Nation. A possible structure for such a Center is offered, and it is suggested that a detailed study be undertaken to determine the feasibility of establishing the Center. (ERA citation 02:01 3726) LBL-5927 PC A03/MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Ecological Considerations of the Solar Alterna- tive M. Davidson, D. Grether, and K. Wilcox. Feb 77, 48p Contract W-7405-ENG-48 Descriptors: 'Solar energy conversion, 'Wind power, 'Environmental impacts, Agriculture, Bio- mass, Ecosystems, Environmental effects, Ocean thermal power plants, Process heat, Solar air con- ditioners, Solar cells, Solar heating systems. Identifiers: ERDA/1 40400, ERDA/1 70500, Bio- logical energy conversion, Photovoltaic cells, Solar cells. The main solar technologies are considered in- cluding solar hermal power, photovoltaic cells, ocean thermal power, wind energy, solar heating and cooling, bioconversion, and agricultural and process heat. The direct and indirect ecological and environmental impacts of these technologies are discussed. (ERA citation 02:040426) LBL-6182 PC A04/MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Feed and Food from Desert Environments J. A. Bassham. Sep 77, 53p Rept no. CONF- 770960-1 Contract W-7405-ENG-48 International workshop on bio-saline research, Kiawah Island, SC, USA, 17 Sep 1977. Descriptors: 'Arid lands, 'Farm crops, 'Hydrocar- bons, Lubricating oils, 'Proteins, Agriculture, Car- bohydrates, Biological adaptation, Biosynthesis, Climates, Deserts, Irrigation, Nutrients, Plant breeding. Research programs, Socio-economic factors, Terrestrial ecosystems, Water supply, Bio- mass, Ecosystems, Energy sources, Lubricants, Organic compounds, Petroleum products, Renew- able energy sources. Identifiers: ERDA/510100, ERDA/553000, Jojoba oils, Euphorbia Jojoba, Prosopis juliflora. Research programs on controlled environmental agricultural technology to allow a broad range of conventional and unconventional crops to be grown with very limited supplies of fresh or brack- ish water are reviewed. The use of water derived from the sea, from saline lakes, or from waste water treatment for crops in arid lands is dis- cussed. Plant breeding programs to improve the nutritional value of food crops and irrigation sys- tems to improve plant productivity are discussed. The production of liquid hydrocarbons and lubricat- ing oils from plant species such as Euphorbic and Jojoba, and the use of leguminous plants such as mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), and other native plants, which thrive in arid regions, as important sources of proteins and carbohydrates are cited as examples of the productive potential of arid lands. 41 references. (ERA citation 03:01 5879) LBL-7214 PC A03/MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Potential of Arid Zone Vegetation as a Source of Substrates J. A. Bassham. Nov 77, 44p Rept no. CONF- 771158-1 Contract W-7405-ENG-48 Seminar on microbial conversion systems for food and fodder production and water management, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 12 Nov 1977. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Arid lands, 'Plants, Bio- chemical reaction kinetics, Carbon dioxide, Con- trolled atmospheres, Cultivation techniques, De- serts, Efficiency, Energy sources, Food, Forecast- ing, Photosynthesis, Plant growth, Productivity, Reviews, Solar energy conversion. Identifiers: ERDA/1 40504, Biological energy con- version. Three aspects of the potential of vegetation in arid zones as a source of substrates are discussed. The first includes the limitations on efficiency of conversion of solar energy to the stored chemical energy of biomass in green plants, and the subse- quent biochemical pathways of carbon dioxide fix- ation and biosynthesis. Second is the potential of plants endogenous to arid zones. Finally, the use of covered agriculture or controlled environmental agriculture (CEA) is considered both in its present form and in terms of possible extenion to the large scale production of stable crops. (ERA citation 03:030556) NSF/RA-760184 PC A08/MF A01 Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, III. Wind-Powered Hydrogen Electric Systems for Farm and Rural Use. Final Report, May-De- cember 1975 R. R. Tison, N. P. Biederman, T. Donakowski, R. H. Elkins, and J. B. Pangborn. Apr 76, 168p Descriptors: 'Wind turbines, 'Hydrogen produc- tion. Farms, Economics, Electric power, Energy consumption, Energy storage, Feasibility studies, Power generation, Power supplies, Rural areas. Identifiers: ERDA/1 70601, 'Wind power genera- tion. The objective of this study has been to determine the current technology of a wind-energy conver- sion system (WECS) of minimal cost for rural appli- cations. Specifically, IGT has evaluated available methods for converting shaft horse-power from a wind turbine to electricity and hydrogen. A work- able mix of these two energy forms with storage that can support the energy needs of selected farming operations and the rural home was sought. Energy load patterns of several farming operations were examined for interfacing with the energy stor- age and delivery systems that are supplied by wind turbines dependent on the prevalent winds. Sever- al preliminary designs have been completed so that a follow-up program for developing detailed designs and deeonstration units can be imp'e- mented if desired. (ERA citation 03:030701) NTIS/PS-75/655/1 PC N01/MF N01 National Technical Information Service, Spring- field, Va. Synthetic Fuels from Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural Wastes (A Bibliography with Ab- stracts) Rept. for 1964-Aug 75 Edward J. Lehmann. Aug 75, 41 p* Descriptors: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Bibliogra- phies, 'Energy sources, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Recla- mation, Refuse, Organic wastes, Agricultural wastes, Sewage, Waste papers, Wood wastes, Methane, Oils, Ammonia, Carbon monoxide, Methyl alcohol. The bibliography covers research efforts aimed at aspects of producing synthetic fuels-gases and liquids-from solid wastes. These wastes include manure, sewage, paper and wood. In most cita- tions, methane is the primary fuel produced; how- ever the production oils, ammonia, carbon monox- ide, and methyl alcohol is also discussed. (Con- tains 36 abstracts) NTIS/PS-77/0112/1 PCN01/MFN01 National Technical Information Service, Spring- field, Va. Synthetic Fuels from Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural Wastes (Citations from the NTIS Data Base) Rept. for 1964-Feb77 Audrey S. Hundemann, and Edward J. Lehmann. Mar 77, 88p* Supersedes NTIS/PS-76/0795, and NTIS/PS-75/ 655. See also NTIS/PS-77/01 1 3. Descriptors: 'Bibliographies, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Solid waste disposal, Energy sources, 'Recla- mation, Refuse, Organic wastes, Agricultural wastes, Sewage, Waste papers, Wood wastes, Methane, Oils, Ammonia, Carbon monoxide, Methyl alcohol. Research efforts directed toward production of gaseous and liquid synthetic fuels from solid wastes are discussed. Waste products used in the syntheses include manure, sewage, paper, and wood. In most citations, methane is the primary fuel produced; however, the production of oils, am- monia, carbon monoxide, and methyl alcohol is also discussed. (This updated bibliography con- tains 83 abstracts, 12 of which are new entries to the previous edition.) NTIS/PS-77/01 13/9 PC N01/MF N01 National Technical Information Service, Spring- field, Va. Synthetic Fuels from Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural Wastes (Citations from the Ameri- can Petroleum Institute Data Base) Rept. for 1975-Nov76. Mar 77, 237p* See also NTIS/PS-77/01 12. Descriptors: 'Bibliographies, 'Synthetic fuels, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Energy sources, 'Recla- mation, Refuse, Organic wastes, Agricultural wastes, Sewage, Waste papers, Wood wastes, Methane, Oils, Ammonia, Carbon monoxide, Methyl alcohol. Sludge, Garbage, Chips, Auto- mobile tires. The bibliography cites worldwide literature on the production of fuels from waste materials such as animal manure, wood chips, sewage sludge, urban garbage, agricultural wastes, and old automobile tires. (Contains 226 abstracts) 28 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES N71-27143 PC A02 Commissariat A L Energie Atomique, Fontenay- Aux-roses (France). Departement de La Physique Du Plasma Et de La Fusion Controlee. Change In the Polarization of an Electromag- netic Wave in a Sheared Magnetic Field R. Cano, C. Etievant, I. Fidone, and B. Zanfagna. 1970, 4p Rept nos. CEA-CONF-1608, CONF- 700817-11 Conf- Presented At 4th European Conf. on Con- trolled Fusion and Plasma Phys., Rome, 31 Aug.-4 Sep. 1970 Descriptors: "Electromagnetic radiation, "Magnet- ic fields, * Plasma control, * Polarization (waves), Conferences, Propagation modes. For abstract, see STAR 091 5 N72-28508 PC A02/MF A01 Scientific Translation Service, Santa Barbara, Calif. Problems in the Construction of Woodworking Mdchincs W. Schmutzler. Jul 72, 24p Rept no. NASA-TT-F- 14398 Contract NASW-2035 Tran- Transl. Into English From Holz Roh. Werk- stoff (Berlin), V. 26, No. 7, Jul. 1 968 P 237-243 Descriptors: "Machine tools, "Roller bearings, "Shafts (machine elements), "Wood, Loads (forces), Lubrication, Noise reduction, Spindles. For the construction of modern wood working ma- chines, problems such as the most favorable tool spindle and shaft bearings play an important part. The construction and functional details of these machines are considered. The interrelationships are discussed of speed, bearing load, fit and lubri- cation, as well as bearing devices and their instal- lation. The particulars of motor shaft bearings are considered along with questions concerning oscil- lating shafts. Another, equally important construc- tion detail is the chip suction system. Defects that might occur in the construction of suction hoods or at the machines themselves are described. Finally, questions of noise abatement, its cause and elimi- nation are discussed. (Author) N74-15752/0 PC A02/MF A01 Kanner (Leo) Associates, Redwood City, Calif. Utilization of Wind Power in Agriculture in the USSR D. Stein. Feb 74, 13p Rept no. NASA-TT-F- 15345 Contract NASW-2481 Tran-Transl. Into English from Elektrizitaetswirtschaft (West Germany), V. 40, No. 4, 5 Feb. 1941 p 54-56. Descriptors: "Agriculture, "Windpower utilization, U. Identifiers: NASA. Wind motors are being used in Russian agriculture for milling and pumping water. Plans call for rapid expansion of the utilization of such power plants. The extent of present utilization, problems, and forecasts are outlined. (Author) N74-16801/4 PC A02/MF A01 Linguistic Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Using the Energy of the Wind for Electrification V. R. Sektorov. Feb 74, 18p Rept no. NASA-TT- F-15307 Contract NASW-2482 Tran-Transl. Into English from Elektrichestvo, (Ussr), No. 3 March 1 953 p 1 1 -1 6. Descriptors: "Agriculture, "Electric power supplies, "Windpowered generators, Electric power plants, Flywheels, Rural areas, Windpower utilization. Identifiers: NASA. The utilization of wind energy for generating elec- tric power is discussed. Existing power generators utilizing wind energy are described and their use in agriculture is indicated. (Author) N75-14827/0 PC A04/MF A01 Hercules, Inc., Magna, Utah. Bacchus Works. Manufacture and Static Firing of X259-E6 Rocket Motor Serial Number XJ04/0001. Final Report. D. R. Robertson. 28 Jan 75, 69p Rept no. NASA- CR-1 32557 Contract NASI -10000 Subm-Prepared for LTV Aerospace Corp., Dallas. Descriptors: "Double base propellants, "Engine tests, "Propellant tests, "Rocket engines, "Static firing, Engine design, Failure, Rocket nozzles. A single motor was cast and static fired to demon- strate the performance of high energy crosslinked double base (XLDB) propellant in standard X259 rocket motor hardware. Prior to motor fabrication, the motor was analyzed to predict the results of static firing the X259 motor loaded with XLDB pro- pellant. As a result of the analyses, a forward dome shrinkage liner was added to the design. With this design change it was determined that adequate margins of safety existed. The motor, designated the X259-E6 model with serial number XJ04/0001, was fabricated using a slurry-casting technique and was assembled with a standard X259-B4 nozzle which had the nozzle throat ma- chined to a smaller inside diameter than the B4 model and the exit cone cut short for Bacchus Works altitude expansion. The motor was static fired on 20 February 1974 with the nozzle failing during motor operation. Nozzle failure was attribut- ed to spalling of the throat material leading to com- plete nozzle break-up. However, the proprellant functioned as predicted in the motor chamber, igni- tion was normal, and char and erosion of the inter- nal insulator were as expected. (Author) N75-17045/6 PC A06/MF A01 World Meteorological Organization, Geneva (Swit- zerland). A Survey of Meteorological and Hydrological Data Available in Six Sahelian Countries of West Africa. A Survey of Studies in Meteorol- ogy and Hydrology in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa. E. G. Davy. 1974, 125p Rept no. WMO-379 Partly in English and Partly in French. Descriptors: "Africa, "Agriculture, "Drought, "Eco- nomic development, Meteorological services, "Precipitation (Meteorology), Chad, Hydrometeor- ology, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rain, Senegal, Upper volta, Weather stations. A meteorological and hydrological survey was made in six West African countries, namely, Upper Sahel, Upper Volta, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Sen- egal, and Chad. The survey was carried out in con- junction with an economic development program particularly oriented to the severe drought problem of the Sahelan regions. Urgent investigation is needed in four areas: weather/crop correlations, weather/ run-off correlations and maps of agricul- tural and water resources potential, periodic recur- rence and persistence of rainfall, and droughts in relation to general atmospheric circulation. A list of stations and their services is included. N75-27567/7 PC A03/MF A01 Hampton Inst., Va. Dept. of Agriculture. Space and Energy Conservation Housing Pro- totype Unit Development. Final Report, Apr. - Aug. 1 975. D. R. Sunshine. Aug 75, 50p Rept no. NASA-CR- 143201 Grant NSG-1162 Descriptors: "Architecture, "Energy conservation, "Prototypes, Buildings, Construction, Construction materials, Energy policy, Solar energy, Urban de- velopment. Construction plans are discussed for a house which will demonstrate the application of ad- vanced technology to minimize energy require- ments and to help direct further development in home construction by defining the interaction of in- tegrated energy and water systems with building configuration and construction materials. Housing unit designs are provided and procedures for the analysis of a variety of housing strategies are de- veloped. (Author) N76-10569/1 PC A07/MF A01 Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster. Grown Organic Matter as a Fuel Raw Material Resource. Final Report. W. L. Roller, H. M. Keener, R. D. Kline, H. J. Mederski, and R. B. Curry. Oct 75, 134p Rept no. NASA-CR-2608 Contract NGL-36-007-001 Descriptors: "Agriculture, "Crop growth, "Earth re- sources, "Fuels, "Organic materials, Cellulose, Cost analysis, Fibers, Food, Photosynthesis, Pro- duction management, Solar energy. An extensive search was made on biomass pro- duction from the standpoint of climatic zones, water, nutrients, costs and energy requirements for many species. No exotic species were uncov- ered that gave hope for a bonanza of biomass pro- duction under culture, location, and management markedly different from those of existing agricultur- al concepts. A simulation analysis of biomass pro- duction was carried out for six species using con- ventional production methods, including their pro- duction costs and energy requirements. These es- timates were compared with data on food, fiber, and feed production. The alternative possibility of using residues from food, feed, or lumber was evaluated. It was concluded that great doubt must be cast on the feasibility of producing grown or- ganic matter for fuel, in competition with food, feed, or fiber. The feasibility of collecting residues may be nearer, but the competition for the residues for return to the soil or cellulosic production is for- midable. (Author) N76-71498/9 PC A05/MF A01 Comptroller General of the United States, Wash- ington, D.C. Resources and Economic Develop- ment Div. Using Solid Waste to Conserve Resources and to Create Energy. Environmental Protection Agency. Report to the Congress 27 Feb 75, 79p Rept nos. RED-76-326, B- 166506 Descriptors: "Solid waste disposal, "Materials re- covery, "Fuels, "Management planning, Govern- ment policies, Reclamation, Regulations, Refuse disposal, Separation, Waste processing, Econom- ic analysis, Metal scrap, Incinerators, Research management. Identifiers: "Waste recycling, Oil wastes, Pyrolysis incineration. Contents: Resource recovery: What it is and why it is important; Progress in implementing provisions of the resource recovery act has been slow; Major issues confronting resource recovery, recycling, and reuse; Energy recovery from solid waste; The Federal roll in assisting States and Localities in es- tablishing resource recovery programs; Scope of review. Portions of this document are not fully leg- ible. N77-13537/4 PC A02/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Status of the Erda/NASA Photovoltaic Tests and Applications Project. J. N. Deyo, H. W. Brandhorst, Jr, and A. F. Forestieri. 18 Nov 76, 10p Rept no. NASA-TM-X- 73567 Conf-Presented to the 1 2TH Photovoltaic Special- ists Conf., 15-18 Nov. 1 976; Sponsored by the Inst. Of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Descriptors: "Photovoltaic conversion, "Silicon, "Solar arrays, "Solar energy conversion, Acceler- ated life tests, Low cost, Marketing, Performance, Solar cells, Technology utilization. The Tests and Applications Project of the ERDA Photovoltaic Program is concerned with the testing of photovoltaic systems and the growth of their use in real terrestrial applications. This activity is an important complement to the development of 29 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES low cost solar arrays by providing requirements based on application needs and stimulating mar- kets to create demand to absorb increasing pro- duction capacity. A photovoltaic system test facility is now operational, market stimulation has been initiated through applications, and standards for terrestrial cell measurements established. N77-18954/6 PC A15/MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. They Watch and Wonder. Public Attitudes Toward Advanced Technology. Final Report. T. Laporte, and D. Metlay. Dec 75, 344p Rept no. NASA-CR- 149673 Contract NGR-05-003-0471 Descriptors: *Data acquisition, 'Public relations, •Research and development, 'Social factors, 'Technology transfer. Air transportation, Human tolerances, Land use, Rural areas, Tables (Data). Identifiers: Communities, Surveys. The relationship of technological development to individual and community response was investigat- ed to provide a general conceptual, as well as em- pirical basis, for an understanding of the impact of advanced technologies on social life. Results of the surveys are presented in tables and graphs. N78-10603/6 PC A02/MF A01 International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Aus- tria). Energy In Developing Countries: Prospects and Problems. V. Baum. 1977, 17p Rept nos. IAEA-CN-36/581, CONF-770505-235 Conf-Presented at Nucl. Power and Its Fuel Cycles, Salzburg, Austria, 2 May 1 977. Descriptors: 'Energy policy, Developing nations, Energy consumption, Economics, Management planning, Social factors. Identifiers: 'Developing countries, Energy require- ments, 'Energy demand. Requirements for primary energy and electric power in the developing countries are analyzed in the light of projections of population and economic growth, the availability of indigenous energy re- sources, and input requirements (capital, technol- ogy, trained personnel) for accelerated energy de- velopment. Possible supplies for such inputs from domestic sources, transnational corporations, mul- tilateral institutions, and through co-operation among the developing countries themselves and between the developing and the developed coun- tries are reviewed. N78-1 1653/0 PC A07/MF A01 World Meteorological Organization, Geneva (Swit- zerland). Guidelines for Disaster Prevention and Prepar- edness in Tropical Cyclone Areas. 1977, 135p Subm-Prepared Jointly with Econ. And Social Comm. For Asia and the Pacific and League of Red Cross Soc. Descriptors: 'Cyclones, 'Weather forecasting, Preparation, Prevention, Disasters, Floods, Land use, Storm damage, Tropical storms, Warning sys- tems. Identifiers: Switzerland. Following a general introduction and background information, forecasts and warnings of tropical cy- clones, river floods, and storm surges are re- viewed. The role of disaster prevention in national planning is discussed together with legislation for disaster prevention, risk evaluation, land use, and zoning and building codes. Planning and legisla- tion for disaster preparedness are summarized along with aspects such as tropical cyclone warn- ing systems, flood fighting, evacuation of danger areas, public education and information, and test exercises and emergency operations. Finally, dis- aster rehabilitation and resettlement and assess- ment of damage are discussed. N78-17466/1 PC A03/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Wind Turbine Generator Rotor Blade Concepts with Low Cost Potential. T. L. Sullivan, T. P. Cahill, D. G. Griffee, Jr, and H. W. Gewehr. Dec 77, 38p Rept nos. NASA-TM- 73835, DOE/NASA-1028-77/13 Contract E(49-26)- 1028 Conf-to Be Presented at the 23RD Natl. Sampe Symp., Anaheim, Calif., 2-4 May 1978. Descriptors: 'Rotor blades (Turbomachinery), 'Turbine blades, Low cost, Product development. Turbogenerators, Windpowered generators. Identifiers: 'Wind turbines. Four processed for producing blades are exam- ined. Two use filament winding techniques and two involve filling a mold or form to produce all or part of a blade. The processes are described and a comparison is made of cost, material properties, design and free vibration characteristics. Conclu- sions are made regarding the feasibility of each process to produce low cost, structurally adequate blades. N78-19616/9 PC A13/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio. Wind Turbine Structural Dynamics. D. R. Miller. 1978, 280p Rept nos. NASA-CP- 2034, DOE-CONF-771148 Conf- Workshop Held at Cleveland. 15-17 Nov. 1 977; Sponsored by Doe. Descriptors: 'Mechanical drives, 'Turbines, 'Windpowered generators, Dynamic loads, Dy- namic structural analysis, Energy conversion, Low cost, Stability derivatives, Vibrational stress, Wind- power utilization. Identifiers: 'Wind turbines. For abstract, see STAR 1610 N78-25012/3 PC A03/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C. Waste Heat Utilization in Industrial Processes. M. Weichsel, and W. Heitmann. Apr 78, 35p Rept no. NASA-TM-75210 Contract NASW-2791 Descriptors: 'Cooling systems, 'Heat exchangers, 'Heat pumps, Economic development, Industrial plants, Waste energy utilization. Identifiers: Translations, 'Waste heat utilization, West Germany. A survey is given of new developments in heat ex- changers and heat pumps. With respect to practi- cal applications, internal criteria for plant operation are discussed. Possibilities of government support are pointed out. Waste heat steam generators and waste heat aggregates for hot water generation or in some cases for steam superheating are used. The possibilities of utilization can be classified ac- cording to the economic improvements and ac- cording to their process applications, for example, gas cooling. Examples are presented for a large variety of applications. ORNL-5024 PC A07/MF A01 Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Al- ternative Energy Sources. S. E. Beall, I. Spiewak, H. G. Arnold, H. W. McLain, and E. S. Bettis. Sep 74, 134p Contract W-7405-eng-26 Descriptors: 'Geothermal energy, 'Environmental effects, 'Solar energy, Environmental effects, 'Thermonuclear reactors, Environmental effects, 'Energy sources, Environmental effects. Environ- ment. Identifiers: ERDA/295500, ERDA/293500, ERDA/ 140400, ERDA/ 150600, ERDA/700200. Several energy sources, including solar, geother- mal, and fusion processes, have been presented in the press as being low-cost and nonpolluting and proclaimed as solutions to the energy crisis. This report provides information related to techni- cal feasibility, economic practicality, and commer- cial availability of these sources, and attempts to assess their environmental effects. Specifically, three concepts of geothermal energy extraction, artificial and natural means of collecting solar energy, and a typical thermonuclear energy gener- ator are discussed. The authors point out that this report was prepared during the Summer and Fall of 1 973, but was not completed because funding for the project was canceled early in 1 974. Although the work was completed by one of the authors (Beall) on a part-time basis early in 1975, there was no time to update the material to reflect the changes in technology during the interim; thus, much of the referenced technological material and cost data are somewhat out of date. In spite of this shortcoming, Dr. Beall feels that the treatment of environmental effects and the suggested method- ology for comparing the impacts of the alternative energy systems remain pertinent and provide a basis for additional generic and site-specific stud- ies. (146 references). PAT-APPL-566 493 PC A02/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pasadena Office, Calif. Solar Powered Pump. Patent Application. C. C. Kirsten. Filed 9 Apr 75, 19p N75-22746/2, NASA-CASE-NPO-1 3567-1 Contract NAS7-1 00 Government-owned invention available for licens- ing. Copy of application available NTIS. Descriptors: 'Arid lands, 'Farm crops, 'Irrigation, 'Pumps, 'Water flow, 'Patent applications, Low cost, Solar energy. A low cost water pump suitable for use in agricul- tural irrigation in underdeveloped regions is dis- closed. The pump is adopted to use unconcentrat- ed sunlight as a source of energy and atmospheric air as a working fluid for intermittently delivering a stream of water from a given source. PAT-APPL-598 969 PC A04/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pasadena Office, Calif. Low Cost Solar Energy Collection System. Patent Application. C. G. Miller, and J. B. Stephens. Filed 24 Jul 75, 57p N75-28519/7, NASA-CASE-NPO-1 3579-1 Contract NAS7-1 00 Government-owned invention available for licens- ing. Copy of application available NTIS. Descriptors: 'Cost reduction, 'Solar energy ab- sorbers, 'Solar reflectors, 'Patent applications, Equipment specifications, Pipes (Tubes), Product development. A fixed, linear, ground-based primary reflector is described which has an extended curved-saw- tooth contoured surface covered with a metallized polymeric reflecting material; It reflects solar energy to a movably supported collector that is kept at the concentrated line focus of the reflector primary. The primary flector was constructed by a process utilizing freeway paving machinery. The solar energy absorber is preferably a fluid-trans- porting pipe. Efficient utilization leading to high temperatures from the reflected solar energy was obtained by cylindrical shaped secondary reflec- tors that direct off-angle energy to the absorber pipe. Refocusing secondary reflectors which cause a series of discrete spots of highly concen- trated solar energy to fall on the fluid-transporting pipe were used to obtain higher temperature levels. A seriatim arrangement of cylindrical sec- ondary reflector stages and spot-forming reflector stages produces a high temperature solar energy collection system of greater efficiency. PAT-APPL-617 202 PC A03/MF A01 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pasadena Office, Calif. Lightweight Reflector Assembly and Method. Patent Application. M. J. Argoud, J. Jolley, and W. L. Walker. Filed 24 Sep 75, 29p N75-32894/8, NASA-CASE- NPO-1 3707-1 30 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Contract NAS7-100 Government-owned invention available for licens- ing. Copy of application available NTIS. Descriptors: "Fabrication, "Low cost, "Solar re- flectors, "Patent applications, Glass, Parabolic re- flectors, Substrates. An invention for a lightweight solar reflector as- sembly having a glass cellular substrate and a method of formimg the reflector assembly was de- scribed. The novelty of the invention appears to reside in the method of forming a large low cost reflective surface for use in a solar concentrator or antenna. The invention also includes the reflective component combination of a lamina glass reflec- tive surface and a lightweight cellular glass sub- strate having the same coefficient of thermal ex- pansion to provide a high quality optical reflective surface. (Author) PATENT-3 331 356 Not available NTIS Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. Sterilization of Fish in their Aquatic Environ- ment to Produce Maximum Size and Weight per Unit of Water Surface Patent Benjamin Eckstein. Filed 22 Nov 65, patented 18 Jul 67, 2p PB-228 200/2, PAT-APPL-519 820 Government-owned invention available for licens- ing. Copy of patent available Commissioner of Pat- ents, Washington, D.C. 20231 $0.50. Descriptors: "Fishes, "Sterilization, "Patents, "Sterility, Weight(Mass), Size determination, Growth, Brackish water, Aquaculture, Estogrens, Mortality. Identifiers: PAT-CL-1 1 9-3, Tilapia, Fish steriliza- tion, GPINT. The invention relates to a method for sterilizing fish, especially Tilapia. In particular, the method comprises the gonadal destruction of Tilapia fry at an age of about four to eight weeks by introducing into water containing the fry an estrogenic compo- sition in small concentrations. PATENT-3 984 266 Not available NTIS Department of the Navy Washington D C Process for Bonding a Ferro-cement Structure with Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Patent Kenneth A. Christensen, and Robert B. Williamson. Filed 22 Apr 74, patented 5 Oct 76, 5p AD-D003 818/2, PAT-APPL-462 827 Supersedes PAT-APPL-462 827-74, AD-D001 591. Availability: This Government-owned invention available for U.S. licensing and, possibly, for for- eign licensing. Copy of patent available Commis- sioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 20231 . $0.50. Descriptors: "Patents, "Adhesive bonding, "Ce- ments, "Glass reinforced plastics, Bonding, Adhe- sives, Fiberglass, Construction materials, Hulls(Marine). Identifiers: PAT-CL-1 56-3, Ferrocement. A process is described for bonding a glass fiber reinforced plastic to a ferro-cement structure to im- prove impact strength of the ferro-cement struc- ture, comprising the steps curing the ferro-cement mortar; acid etching the mortar on the side of the ferro-cement mortar to which the glass fiber rein- forced plastic is to be bonded, rinsing the mortar, drying the mortar, applying a coat of adhesive to the mortar and attaching the glass fiber reinforced plastic to the bonded mortar surface. The adhesive may be partially cured if desired. (Author) PATENT-4 035 065 Not available NTIS National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pasadena Office, Calif. Lightweight Reflector Assembly. Patent M. J. Argoud, J. Jolley, and W. L. Walker. Filed 24 Sep 75, patented 12 Jul 77, 9p N77-28933/8 Supersedes PAT-APPL-617 202-75, N75-32894. Subm-Sponsored by NASA. This Government-owned invention available for U.S. licensing and, possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231 $0.50. Descriptors: "Fabrication, "Solar reflectors, "Para- boloid mirrors, "Patents, Optical reflection, Struc- tural design, Composite structures, Glass, Coat- ings, Low cost. Identifiers: PAT-CL-350-310. An inexpensive, lightweight reflective assembly member having good optical quality is described. It is adaptable to accommodating temperature vari- ations without providing destructive thermal stresses and reflective slope errors. The reflective assembly consists of a thin sheet of glass with ap- propriate reflective coating and a cellular glass block substrate bonded together. The method of fabrication includes abrading the cellular substrate with an abrasive master die to form an appropriate concave surface. An adhesive is applied to the ab- raded surface and a lamina reflective surface is placed under a uniform pressure to conform the reflective surface onto the desired abraded sur- face of the substrate. PATENT-4 065 053 Not available NTIS National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pasadena, Calif. Low Cost Solar Energy Collection System. Patent C. G. Miller, and J. B. Stephans. Filed 24 Jul 75, patented 27 Dec 77, 26p N78-1 7460/4, PAT- APPL-598 969 This Government-owned invention available for U.S. licensing and, possibly, for foreign licensing. Copy of patent available Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231 $0.50. Descriptors: "Solar collectors, "Solar energy ab- sorbers, "Patents, Cost analysis, Equipment speci- fications, Pipes (Tubes), Product development. Identifiers: PAT-CL-237-1, Solar reflectors. A fixed, linear, ground-based primary reflector having an extended, curved sawtooth contoured surface covered with a metallized polymeric re- flecting material, reflected solar energy to a mov- ably supported collector that was kept at the con- centrated line focus of the reflector primary. Effi- cient utilization leading to high temperatures from the reflected solar energy was obtained by cylindri- cal shaped secondary reflectors that directed off- angle energy to the absorber pipe. PB-163 833 Chicago Univ., III. Tradition, Season, and Change in a Turkish Vil- lage. John F. Kolars. Rept no. FFRP-15 Contract Nonr-2300(09) Descriptors: "Geography, "Turkey, "Agriculture, Rural areas, Sociology, Economics, Labor. No abstract available. PB-166 281 HCA13 Office of Scientific Research and Development. Div. 11. Fire Warfare: Incendiaries and Flame Throw- ers. Summary technical rept., vol. 3 Raymond H. Ewell. 1946, 296p Rept no. STR-11- 3 Contract Descriptors: "Flame warfare, Incendiary ammuni- tion, "Flamethrowers, Flame warfare, "Incendiary bombs, Flame warfare, Incendiary mixtures, Fire bombs, Bomb components, Bomb clusters, Bomb cases, Flamethrower fuels, Tests, Test methods, Tanks(Combat vehicles), Antipersonnel weapons, Design, Theory, Incendiary gels. Identifiers: M1 Firestarters, H2 Sabotage incendi- ary, M-69 Bombs, M1 Flamethower, MS-4 Fla- methower, E9 Bombs, E7 Flamethower. This volume discribes the research and develop- ment work in the fields of incendiaries, flame throwers, and incendiary fuels carried on by the National Defense Research Committee. Chapters 1 , 2, and 3 deal with incendiaries, Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 with flame throwers, and Chapter 8 with in- cendiary fuels. PB-169 304 PC A02 MF A01 Forest Products Lab., Madison, Wis. Condensation In Farm Buildings. Research note. Jan 66, 9p Rept no. FPL-0114 Contract Revision of Report no. 1 1 86. Descriptors: "Buildings, Condensation, "Conden- sation, Control, "Water vapor, Buildings, Rural areas, Moisture, Humidity, Ventilation, Moisture- proofing, Permeability. The method of controlling or preventing the con- densation in farm buildings and other structures in- volves a particular set of conditions, each of which must be considered separately. A review of the principles of water vapor and condensation is pro- vided for the purpose of establishing a basis for analyzing the problem. The control of factors con- tributing to condensation by means of ventilation, vapor-permeable constructions, and vapor barriers is discussed. PB-169 744 PC A05 MF A01 Maine Dept. of Economic Development, Augusta. Technical and Economic Feasibility of Estab- lishing a Lightweight Aggregate Plant Using Marine Clays in York County, Maine. Final rept. Jul 64, 78p Rept no. Contract Cc-6021 Descriptors: "Economics, Maine, "Clay, Maine, "Composite materials, Clay, "Industrial production, Composite materials, "Industrial plants, Maine, Mixtures, Pellets, Concrete, Manufacturing meth- ods, Clay minerals, Feldspar, Quartz, Mica, Potas- sium compounds, Cements, Commerce, Natural resources, Transportation, Extrusion, Sintering, Feasibility studies, Mining engineering, Industries, Driers(Apparatus), Crushers, Storage, Costs, Structural properties. Identifiers: Area redevelopment, Aggregates(Materials) . Contents: Raw material resource investigation; Analysis and pilot plant tests; Estimates of con- struction and production costs, Economic feasibil- ity of lightweight aggregate operation. PB-170 306 PC A10 MF A01 American Scientific Corp., Alexandria, Va. Creating a Ceramics Industry on the Blackfeet Reservation. Emmett F. Deady, Saul S. Gefter, Natalie Marra, and Robert F. Custard. Sep 65, 203p Contract EDA-1 4-20-0650-1 379 Descriptors: "Economics, Montana, "Montana, In- dustries, "Industries, Ceramic materials, Feasibility studies, Labor, Commerce, Employment, Manage- ment engineering. Identifiers: Ceramics industry, Indian reservations, Area redevelopment. The study reports that there exists at the Blackfeet Reservation a sufficient labor pool endowed with ceramic production capabilities and that all other factors controlling the success of such an industry are in evidence, provided the enterprise can be fi- nanced. It resolves that the plant should be direct- ed to the production of art pottery, particularly fine figurines and pottery designed to reflect the Ameri- can Indian tradition. It determined that the opti- mum method of production is slip casting but rec- ommends flexible molding as soon as practical and suggests lines of experiments so directed. The study examines the market for Indian art pottery and recommends specific items at specific prices, and undertakes to predict sales quotas of such items. It shows that there is an annual sales of $21 ,000,000 in the U. S. alone of art ceramic items and that there is no commercially produced Indian pottery of any significance at this time. It proposes that a $100,000 penetration of this market is less than one-half of one percent, and concludes that this is feasible. The study recommends a program of facilities and equipment starting with a 4,940 31 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES square foot plant employing 20 people to be ex- panded to a 10,000 square foot plant employing 129 people, with a corallary ceramics industry to employ another 125 over a ten year program. It proposes a plan of implementation including man- agement, capital, labor, and facility requirements over a ten year period to be financed with an in- vestment of $250,000 and shows that a break- even point is possible by the end of the first full year of operation. (Author) PB-170 327 PC A03 MF A01 Hawaii State Dept. of Planning and Economic De- velopment, Honolulu. Feasibility of Processing Tropical Fruit Con- centrates in Puna, Hawaii. Jun 65, 48p Rept no. Contract Prepared in cooperation with Economic Develop- ment Administration, Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Economics, Hawaii, 'Hawaii, Eco- nomics, * Fruits, Beverages, Feasibility studies, Processing, Dehydrated foods, Pectins, Costs, Concentration(Chemistry), Food, Industries. Identifiers: Area redevelopment. A pilot plant operation to determine the feasibility of processing tropical fruits with acerola plant equipment was a definite success. The technicians who carried out the pilot plant operation have con- cluded it is technically possible to produce high quality concentrates from passion fruit, guava and papaya on a commercial scale. No serious techni- cal problems were encountered in the operation. In making these concentrates, the technologists at- tempted to get the highest brix reading possible instead of stopping at a lower and possibly more practical level of concentration. Subsequent prod- uct development work by the technologists proved satisfactory products could be made utilizing these concentrates. These products were jams, jellies, nectar bases, 2nd flavorings. An economic analy- sis of a projected full-scale commercial operation resulted in a very optimistic profit picture. These results apply only to the Puna District of Hawaii which offers unique advantages to the proposed operation. (Author) PB-173 709 PC A03 MF A01 Coordination Center for Southeast Asian Studies Bangok (Thailand). Metalworking Equipment in Thailand. Jul 63, 27p Prepared in cooperation with Business and De- fense Services Administration, Washington, D. C. Descriptors: * Metal-forming presses, Commerce, •Industries, Metal-forming presses, Thailand, Ma- chine tools, Presses(Machinery), Small tools. It is recommended that certain items of metal working equipment be exhibited in Thailand but only if they are produced in America in sizes which are appropriate for small industries, and at prices which can be paid by individuals. Further, it is rec- ommended that any type of display must take ac- count of the lack of knowledge, on the part of the small Chinese industry owner who will buy them, of what machines can do. He must be offered ade- quate information, explanation and demonstration. PB-173 710 PC A03 MF A01 Far East Research Organization Ltd., Singapore. Metal Cutting Machines in Malaya. May 65, 36p Prepared in cooperation with Business and De- fense Services Administration, Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Cutting tools, Commerce, "Com- merce, Industries, Small tools, Economics, Metal- forming presses, Malaya, Machine tools. In general the items likely to be in greatest demand in Malaysia are general purpose metal cutting ma- chines likely to be used in small general purpose workshops. The machines should be robust and any sub assembles which are difficult to repair should be easily removeable for exchange. The market for large or highly specialized machines is not likely to be large for several years. PB-174 333 PC A03 MF A01 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne (Australia). Div. of Forest Products. Contributions from Division of Forest Prod- ucts, Csiro, to Uncsat Conference 1963. 27 Jun 66, 39p Rept no. Technical paper-46 Descriptors: *Wood, Scientific research, Forestry, Structural properties, Trees, Paper, Climatology, Adhesives, Strength, Preservation, Tropical dete- rioration, Buildings, Humidity, Protective treat- ments, Reports, Australia. Contents: Developing the structural use of native timbers: important technological factors; The be- haviour of paper products under extreme climatic conditions; Tannin-formaldehyde adhesives; Pres- ervation of hardwood building timbers with special reference to tropical countries; Timber utilization with special reference to sawing techniques and utilization of waste; Timber seasoning practices for conditions of high humidity in tropical areas. PB-174 346 PC A04 MF A01 Forest Products Lab., Madison, Wis. Houses Can Resist Hurricanes. Research paper L. O. Anderson, and Walton R. Smith. Aug 65, 52p Rept no. FPL-33 Prepared in cooperation with Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. Descriptors: 'Construction materials, Tropical cy- clones, 'Housing, Tropical cyclones, Structures, Damage control, Foundations(Structures), Storms. The report is based on a study of hurricane damage to man-made structures over a period of years. Not all damage can be eliminated, but a very high percentage of damage observed in the past could have been avoided with simple, inexpensive commonsense principles applied to building con- struction. Some of these principles are demon- strated here-especially in respect to the value of good foundations and the importance of ties be- tween parts of the structure. (Author) PB-174 673 PC A13 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Small Canning Facilities. Jun 56, 276p Descriptors: 'Canning, 'Industrial plants, Oper- ation, Industrial equipment, Economics, Site selec- tion, Maintenance, Food, Containers, Personnel, Industrial training, Preparation, Processing, Indus- trial research. The manual describes the equipment and materi- als required to establish small canning facilities. In- formation on plant layouts is provided, and oper- ation procedures and processing data are present- ed. Three types of plants or centers are discussed; a small facility utilizing elementary utensils, an in- termediate size plant utilizing commercial equip- ment and a larger plant with centeralized steam- generating equipment. (Author) PB-175 521 PC A09 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Metal-Working Industry Training Manual. 1957, 184p Rept no. Technical Bull-62 Descriptors: 'Instruction manuals, 'Machine shop practice, 'Industrial training, Material forming, Metals, Dies, Material removal, Heat treatment, In- dustrial equipment, Operation, Supervisory per- sonnel, Management engineering. The manual contains material about the manufac- turing practices and operational methods in the metal-working industry, relating principally to the use of machine tools and related equipment for manufacturing component parts of final products. It explains the efficient utilization of metal-working equipment, and allied problems of tooling, plant lay-out, methods, and the development of a pro- gram to assist the industry on production problems through a training program. This training program has been developed for senior management per- sonnel, work managers, and foremen for the proper selection of machinery; utilization of ma- chine tools; layout of production line; design, use, and making of jigs and fixtures; problems involving setup, machine loading, machine speeds, testing and quality control, selection of cutting tools, tool designs, tool-making and tool maintenance; and safety devices and programs in the shop. (Author) PB-175 523 PC A04 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Communications Resources Div. Plant Requirements to Set Up and Operate Small Bread Bakeries. Mar 60, 63p Prepared in cooperation with Holman (John F.) and Co., Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Bread, Manufacturing methods, In- dustrial plants, Specifications, Industrial produc- tion, Costs, Labor, Economics, Power, Industrial equipment, Fuels, Transportation, Water. Contents: General assumptions; Manufacturing operations; Plant site; Building requirements; Plant layout; Power; Water; Fuel; Transportation; Ma- chinery and equipment; Production equipment; Direct labor requirements; Direct materials; Furni- ture and fixtures; Supplies; Cost breakdown per pound for white bread; Indirect labor cost; Depreci- ation; Manufacturing overhead; Manufacturing cost (annual); Fixed assets; Working capital; Capi- tal requirements; Sales revenue; Recapitulation of costs, sales, and profits; Training; Sanitation; Safety; Conservation and accounting for losses in baking operations. PB-175 524 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements to Set Up and Operate a Brass Foundry. Revised ed. May 59, 85p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, Material forming, 'Brass, 'Material forming, Management engineer- ing, Copper alloys, Aluminum alloys, Magnesium alloys, Casting, Molding, Costs, Industrial equip- ment, Manufacturing methods. The manual deals with subjects concerning brass foundry operations and techniques. However, mat- ters pertaining to the casting of other metals in the nonferrous category have been included, since it is quite generally the practice in America to utilize identical facilities to cast brass, bronze, zinc, alu- minum, magnesium and other nonferrous metals. The manual includes current costs of labor, ma- chinery, equipment and supplies, as well as addi- tional information relative to engineering, training, safety, markets, sales, financial and economic fac- tors. PB-175 526 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Candy and Confectionery. Sep 57, 48p Prepared in cooperation with Wolf Management Engineering Co., Chicago, III. Descriptors: 'Food, Manufacturing methods, In- dustrial plants, Industrial production, Specifica- tions, Industries, Industrial equipment, Costs, Man- agement planning. Identifiers: Confectioneries. Contents: Candy origin and usage; The candy in- dustry; Requisites of successful confectionery manufacturing; Principal raw materials and their characteristics; Manufacturing processes of basic types of candy; Plant requirements - physical; Plant requirements - quality and costs; Cost ratios in the candy industry; Operating ratios in 1955 - typical for U. S. manufacturer-retailers; Financial forecast; Average cost per pound of selected in- 32 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES gredients used by the United States confection in- dustry. PB-175 531 PC A06 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. A Small Sawmill Enterprise. Revised ed. Apr 59, 101p Descriptors: "Wood, 'Industries, Machine tools, Portable, Saws, Operation, Costs, Labor, Money, Commerce, Law, Safety, Industrial equipment, Storage, Insects, Maintenance, Efficiency, Indus- trial procurement. The publication contains machinery and processes for conversion of logs into lumber as an industrial enterprise, including both the mechanical and business aspects. It does not include the process- es of extracting logs from forests or the seasoning of products of sawmills. It is intended to be useful to those considering the establishment of a small sawmill business in foreign countries, and may be helpful to some of those already conducting such a business. The selection, erection, and operation of small circular sawmills of standard and traditional types are described. (Author) PB-175 532 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Small Brass Foundry. Oct 60, 35p Rept no. TR-26072-PR Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, Material forming, 'Brass, 'Casting, Castings, Industrial equipment, Management engineering, Costs. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing a brass foundry in a foreign country to produce brass castings. While the infor- mation shown in this report is based on brass prod- ucts, other materials such as copper, aluminum and nonferrous alloys may be cast. (Author) PB-175 535 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Executive's Role In an Organization. 1957, 82p Rept no. Training Manual-110 Prepared in cooperation with Industrial Develop- ment Center, Manila. Management Training Forum Services. Descriptors: 'Management engineering, 'Supervi- sory personnel, Organizations, Management plan- ning, Management control systems, Leadership, Job analysis, Instruction manuals. Contents: Responsibilities of the executive; Com- pany organization; Departmental organization; Planning; Directing; Coordinating; Controlling. PB-175 537 PC A08 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Lumber Seasoning. Edward C. Peck, and John M. McMillen. Jul 61, 165p Prepared in cooperation with Forest Products Lab. Descriptors: 'Wood, Aging(Materials), Deteriora- tion, Shrinkage, Moisture, Drying, Manpower, Han- dling, Degradation, Heat, Insects, Air, Costs, Stor- age, Foundations(Structures), Structures, Tables, Safety. The report deals with the seasoning of lumber, es- pecially by comparatively simple means applicable throughout the entire world. Seasoning is impor- tant because the removal of moisture from green wood is generally necessary before the material can be safely stored or used to best advantage. For particular uses, drying to a low moisture con- tent is required. While the main part of this report refers to methods and techniques of air drying and kiln drying lumber, such other phases are covered as basic properties of wood, principles of moisture removal, protection of green wood from attack by fungi and insects, and dry lumber storage. PB-175 538 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Nylon Hosiery. Oct 61, 33p Prepared in cooperation with Textile Associates, Inc., Boston, Mass. Descriptors: 'Industrial production, 'Socks, Man- agement engineering, Manufacturing methods, In- dustrial plants, Site selection, Buildings, Power supplies, Fuels, Industrial equipment, Labor, Per- sonnel, Costs, Money, Budgets, Safety, Training, Commerce, Law, Machines, Management plan- ning, Nylon, Management control systems. Identifiers: Nylon hosiery. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing a plant in a foreign country to produce women's full fashioned nylon hose from purchased nylon yarn. (Author) PB-175 539 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Cotton Dresses. Revised ed. Apr 59, 40p Prepared in cooperation with Methods Engineering Council, Pittsburgh, Pa. Descriptors: 'Industrial production, 'Clothing, Cotton textiles, Management engineering, Man- agement control systems, Management planning, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Site se- lection, Buildings, Power supplies, Industrial equip- ment, Fuels, Labor, Personnel, Costs, Money, Budgets, Safety, Training, Law, Machines, Com- merce. The cotton dress industry is described as one of the most competitive manufacturing businesses in the United States. For this reason, a great amount of effort has been applied to making the processes as efficient as possible. Despite rising costs of ma- terials and labor, high productivity makes it possi- ble to produce stylish, simple dresses that retail in the United States for three to four dollars. Most of these are produced in small and medium-sized factories such as the one described in this manual. (Author) PB-175 541 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements to Set Up and Operate a Job Machine Shop. May 61, 49p Prepared in cooperation with Methods Engineering Council, Pittsburgh, Pa. Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, 'Machining, Indus- trial equipment, Industrial production, Manage- ment engineering, Maintenance, Costs, Machine shop practice. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing and operating a job ma- chine shop in a foreign country. The report in- cludes current costs of labor, machinery, equip- ment and supplies, as well as additional informa- tion relative to engineering, training, safety, mar- kets, sales, financial, and economic factors. PB-175 546 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Paint and Varnish Brushes. May 69, 47p Prepared in cooperation with Wolf Management Engineering Company, Chicago, III. Descriptors: 'Paint applicators, 'Industrial produc- tion, Manufacturing methods, Industrial equipment, Industrial plants, Costs. The manual is designed to provide a general pic- ture of the factors which must be considered in es- tablishing and operating a small-scale factory of this type. PB-175 548 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Rough Sawing of Logs. Oct 56, 65p Prepared in cooperation with Wolf Management Engineering Co., Chicago, III. Descriptors: 'Wood, 'Industries, Trees, Saws, Costs, Machine tools, Labor, Efficiency, Com- merce, Industrial equipment, Management plan- ning, Personnel, Structures, Power, Specifications, Maintenance, Terrain, Wastes(lndustrial). The purpose of the report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing and operating a logging and sawmilling operation in any country where Tog- ging operations are considered feasible. The infor- mation includes general logging and sawmill meth- ods, mill layout, machinery requirements, and the costs of materials, equipment, labor, and overhead expenses. (Author) PB-175 549 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Hand-Made Blown Glass and Fine Cast Crystal. Technical inquiry service. Jan 60, 36p Prepared in cooperation with Aries Associates, Inc., Stamford, Conn. Descriptors: 'Glass, Material forming, Manufactur- ing methods, Castings, Furnaces, Industrial pro- duction, Industrial plants, Management engineer- ing, Costs. The manufacture of glass products of artistic merit requires highly skilled and experienced artisans, not only for the design and execution of the fin- ished articles, but for the formulation and manufac- ture of batches of fine glass and crystal of desired working properties and attractive color and lustre. This report emphasizes the process of making the glass batch itself, the plant and equipment re- quired, and general procedures of furnace work and annealing, rather than the skilled techniques of blowing, pressing, cutting or engraving required to produce and decorate the finished article. The operation of the proposed plant consists essential- ly in the manufacture of batches of various types of glass, largely for inventory, and the working up of glass into finished articles in a sequence of oper- ations, many of which proceed more or less inde- pendently of the glass manufacturing operation. (Author) PB-175 550 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Wood Wastes. Technical inquiry service. Apr 58, 35p Prepared in cooperation with Wolf Management Engineering Co., Chicago, III. Descriptors: 'Wood, 'Wastes(lndustrial), Particles, Costs, Specifications, Industrial production, Ma- chine tools, Industrial equipment, Disposal, Manu- facturing methods, Cleaning, Absorption, Curing agents, Abrasives, Packing materials, Storage, Management engineering. Contents: Economic consideration; Uses of saw- dust; Wood flour; (definition and description, histo- ry, uses, industry production, wood species used, raw material requirements, manufacturing meth- ods, manufacturing systems, general comments on production equipment, protection of equipment, related business opportunities, selling prices, typi- cal specifications, plant investment, production costs, operating statement and cost per ton). PB-175 551 , PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. 33 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Human Relations In Management. Management primer. 1 962, 68p Rept no. Training manual-93 Report on Principles and Practices of Productivity. Descriptors: "Management engineering, •Instruc- tion manuals, Training devices, Production control, Wages, Personnel management. Labor, Supervi- sion, Money, Public relations, Psychology, Employ- ee relations. Contents: Human relations and organization; Im- proving human relations; Dealing with representa- tives of employee groups; Principles of supervi- sion; Human relations and productivity. (Author) PB-176 780 PC A04 MF A01 National Swedish Inst, for Building Research, Stockholm (Sweden). Building and Planning in Developing Countries: A Partially Annotated Bibliography. 1967, 71p Rept no. 28:1967 Descriptors: 'Construction, Bibliographies, 'Hous- ing, "Urban planning, Sweden, Reports, Climatolo- gy, Construction materials, Urban areas, Econom- ics, Sociology, Africa, Asia, Central America, South America. In recent years interest in the problems of the de- veloping countries has been gathering momentum amongst Swedish technologists. The present bib- liography is step aimed especially at helping archi- tects interested in this field. It consists of 450 refer- ences to books, reports and articles, out of which 80 were commented upon. The references have been grouped under the following nine sub-head- ings: (1) Climate and its influences, (2) Building materials and construction techniques, (3) Buildinq design, (4) Town-planning, (5) Urbanization, (6) Economics, (7) Sociology, (8) Housing, and (9) General. PB-177 544 PCA11MFA01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Water, Mineral, and Forest Resources in Re- gional Economic Development. Robert K. Arnold, Ernest C. Harvey, Genie E. Willeke, and Joseph E. R. Carrier. Sep 66, 235p Contract C-300-66 Descriptors: "Natural resources, United States, Economics, Minerals, Forestry, Water, Organiza- tions, Fiberboard, Atmospheric precipitation, Evap- oration, Industries, Metals. Identifiers: Area planning and development, Re- gional economic development. Extensive literature and numerous programs exist concerning the development of forest, mineral, and particularly, water resources in specific areas of the United States. Comparatively little of this work is directed specifically to the relation between development of resources and regional growth, much less to the specific programs and policies of a regional organization whose objectives are to maximize regional economic development. It is the purpose of the report to provide some guide by in- dicating the relevant sections of the literature. This is essentially a task of interpretation. The growth of income and employment in regions of the United States may be explained in terms of the location and growth of basic industries and their cumulative effect on other industries. Analysis of the future growth potential of any region may be viewed as the study of the future growth of individual indus- tries, the factors that influence their location, and the interrelations among various industries. (Author) PB-177 908 PC A08 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. The Role of Small-Scale Manufacturing in Eco- nomic Development. The Experience of Indus- trially Advanced Nations as a Guide for Newly Developing Areas. Nov 57, 172p Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Descriptors: "Industries, "Economics, Production, Growth, Training, Factories, Agriculture, Fishes, Commerce, Mobilization, Switzerland, Transporta- tion, Textiles, Australia, USSR, United States, Japan, Sweden, Management engineering. Identifiers: Small businesses, Industrial manage- ment. The manual is concerned with the appropriate structure of manufacturing in underindustrialized but developing countries. It is not concerned with the over-all process of economic growth. It as- sumes that some degree of industrialization will occur in underindustrialized societies and inquires only as to the proper balance between large-scale and small-scale manufacturing units. More specifi- cally, it examines the proposition that economic growth may be retarded by overemphasis upon large-scale industrial operations. (Author) PB-177 912 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Improved Productivity In the Factory. A Job- bing Machine Shop. Feb 58, 31 p Prepared in cooperation with Methods Engineering Council, Pittsburgh, Pa., and Creative Arts Studio, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Management planning, "Manufactur- ing methods. Human engineering, Design, Produc- tion, Maintenance, Machine tools. Machine shop practice, Safety, Quality control, Inventory control, Production control. This brochure outlines some of the important fac- tory conditions which lead to low efficiency. Its pur- pose is to show how step-by-step remedial action may be taken to correct these conditions, and im- prove productivity with no major expenditure for new machinery or equipment. PB-177 915 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Men'S Work Shirts. Capital Requirements, Techniques and Operations. 1961, 76p Prepared in cooperation with Wolf Management Engineering Co., Chicago, III. A Reference for use in Planning New Industrial Facilities. Descriptors: "Clothing, "Industrial production, Costs, Industrial plants, Quality control, Manage- ment engineering, Standards, Manpower, Manu- facturing methods, Employment, Production con- trol, Industrial equipment. The report is concerned with the inexpensive work shirt. Being a staple item of clothing and sold in great volume under highly competitive conditions, it must necessarily be produced efficiently, using the best methods and equipment, if the enterprise is to be successful. Fortunately, the processes are well defined and comparatively simple, and the machinery required is readily available at reason- able cost. The basic information and factual data required for consideration before engaging in the business are presented. (Author) PB-177 916 PC A13 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Papermaking and Manufacture of Paper Prod- ucts as a Small-Scale, Semi-Mechanized and Cottage Industry. Materials-Processes-Equip- mentOrganization-Economics-marketing. J. Ben Lieberman. Jun 58, 291 p Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Descriptors: "Paper industry, "Economics, Paper, Manufacturing methods, Feasibility studies, Site selection, Industrial training, Natural resources, Or- ganic materials, Materials, Agriculture, Test meth- ods, Analysis, Sociology, China, Japan. This Manual is designed to provide a general pic- ture of the factors which must be considered in es- tablishing and operating a small-scale papermak- ing industry. It should prove useful in creating inter- est in the subject, and serve to give enough under- standing of the related considerations to help gov- ernment officials, other leaders and entrepreneurs determine whether the potential deserves more- detailed attention. Also, special segments of the Manual may serve as separate manuals or refer- ences for specific phases of the subject. PB-177 918 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Buck- ets, Palls and Pans. Revised ed. May 59, 38p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Containers, Industrial production, Kitchen equipment + supplies, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Costs, Zinc coatings, Corrosion inhibition, Tin coatings, Costs, Labor, In- dustrial equipment, Personnel, Training. Galvanizing is a process by which iron or steel is coated with zinc to render it rust-resistant. There are three general methods for accomplishing this. They are, (1 ) the hot - dip method; (2) the electro- galvanizind method; and (3) the 'Sherardizing' method. This manual describes the hot-dip method because it is the most widely used and because of its economic advantages over the other methods. The tinplating process is accomplished by the same basic method. The galvanizing process is used in the manufacture of buckets, pails, wash tubs, water tanks and many industrial products. It cannot be used in any product which comes in contact with food, however, because the zinc will contaminate the food. Tinpiated products, on the other hand, are used extensively for food contain- ers. There is very little tinplating done by the hot- dip method in the United States due to the high cost of tin. In fact, many manufacturers are using aluminum, stainless steel, and copper for cooking utensils instead of tinplate. In other parts of the world, however, tin would probably be cheaper than other applicable materials. (Author) PB-177 919 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Ceram- ic Dinnerware. Revised ed. May 59, 41 p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Kitchen equipment + supplies, In- dustrial production, Ceramic materials, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Manufacturing meth- ods, Costs, Labor, Commerce, Standards, Person- nel, Training, Safety. Identifiers: Dinnerware. Dinnerware production in the United States ranges from very high production from highly mechanized factories to very small potteries which produce in small quantities. The smaller potteries generally depend on the unusual in design in marketing their ware, while the larger potteries rely heavily on competitive pricing. The products of the plant dis- cussed in this report are those comprising a line of relatively heavy, serviceable, semi-vitreous dinner- ware. A representative assortment of products consists of cups, saucers, 6-inch and 10-inch plates, salad bowls, and large serving bowls. (Author) PB-177 921 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Men'S Socks. Revised ed. May 59, 33p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Socks, "Industrial production, Indus- trial plants, Costs, Labor, Industrial equipment, 34 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Dyes, Budgets, Manufacturing methods, Training, Personnel: The purpose of this manual is to present basic in- formation for establishing and operating a small plant for the manufacture of men's socks. Except for a small percentage all socks are made by the knitting process. There are about 4,000 knitting in- dustries in the United States. A few of the products made in these industries include outerwear, under- wear and hosiery. However, this manual will be de- voted exclusively to men's socks. The term sock used in this manual denotes a short stocking as distinguished from a hose that is longer. (Author) PB-177 923 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Sani- tary Ware. Revised ed. May 59, 39p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Toilet facilities, 'Industrial produc- tion. Ceramic coatings, Industrial equipment, In- dustrial plants, Manufacturing methods, Iron, Cast- ings, Costs, Labor, Standards. The process of enameling cast iron sanitary ware imparts a hard, glossy surface to the object. This coating permits easy cleaning and presents a pleasing appearance. It is stain resistant, highly acid resistant, and, if properly applied and given reasonable care in usage, will last almost indefi- nitely. The type of plant described in this report is one which could be set up in almost any part of the world. The basic raw materials - pig iron, scrap iron, and sand ~ are ordinarily obtainable in all parts of the world. Where special skills would be required for the production of the ware, modern machinery has been substituted wherever feasible. In this way, the operation can be started more readily and quality standards can be reached sooner. (Author) PB-177 924 PC E99 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Terry Cloth. Revised ed. May 59, 37 Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Textiles, 'Industrial production, Labor, Costs, Industrial equipment, Industrial plants, Manufacturing methods, Cotton. Identifiers: 'Terry cloth. Terry cloth is cotton fabric covered with loops on one or both sides. It requires two sets of warps and one set of filling; one set of warp threads is held taut while weaving, the other set is released to form the loops. When woven in linen (rare) or bleached cotton in narrow widths, terry cloth is called 'Turkish toweling.' This usually has two loops (called double-loop terry). It can also be made in checks, stripes, or plaid, or bleached and dyed. Uses include towels, wash cloths, robes, bath mats, bathing suits or sunsuits, linings for suits and coats, draperies, spreads, bedrolls, and potholders. Terry cloth readily absorbs and retains moisture, making it suitable for use as wash cloths and toweling. It is used in some applications be- cause of its efficiency as an insulating medium and because it is readily washed when soiled. Due to the fact that the applications of single-loop terry cloth are numerous and in good volume, the dis- cussion is concerned with the production of cloth of that type in a mill of minimum economic size. (Author) PB-177 925 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Wood Tables and Chairs. Revised ed. May 59, 46p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Kitchen equipment + supplies, 'In- dustrial production, Wood, Manufacturing meth- ods, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Costs, Labor. Identifiers: Tables and chairs. The purpose of this manual is to provide informa- tion for the establishment and operation of a small plant to manufacture low cost wooden tables and chairs. The table and chairs shown in this manual are designed for low cost production and are not intended for the luxury market. Local customs might require some change in the designs. Howev- er, design changes that will add substantially to the cost of the product should be avoided. (Author) PB-177 926 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements to Set Up and Operate a Meat Processing Plant. Revised ed. May 59, 54p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Meat, Processing, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Personnel, Production con- trol, Labor, Costs. The purpose of this manual is to provide informa- tion about the establishment and operation of a small meat processing plant. The manual provides a description of the slaughtering and of the proc- essing of meat products as these activities might be carried out in a small plant in United tates. It includes a description of the plant layout, equip- ment and personnel and estimates of investment, operating costs and revenues. Local situations might make some changes desirable but the plant described is satisfactory for a considerable vari- ation in materials and methods of processing and product without serious modification of the design and operation. (Author) PB-177 927 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Wor- sted Yarns. Sep 61 , 35p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Fibers, Industrial production, Manu- facturing methods, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Costs, Labor, Training. No abstract available. PB-177 928 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements to Set Up and Operate a Dry Cleaning Plant. Sep 57, 47p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, 'Cleaning, Textiles, Cleaning compounds, Solvents, Industrial equip- ment, Costs, Driers(Apparatus), Presses(Machinery), Packaging, Safety. Identifiers: Dry cleaning. The small dry cleaning plant described in this bro- chure is intended to clean and finish all types of clothing, bedding, draperies and many other kinds of household textile articles. Dry cleaning textile ar- ticles generally is done by washing them in petro- leum solvent, such as benzine, or in synthetic sol- vent, such as perchlorethylene. The equipment for one of these processes cannot be used for the other process. The dry cleaning process carried out in a synthetic-solvent plant using perchlorethy- lene is described in this brochure. (Author) PB-177 929 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Flush Doors. Sep 67, 34p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Doors, 'Industrial production, Wood, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Industri- al equipment. Specifications, Labor, Costs. The equipment and operating procedures de- scribed in this brochure are intended for the pro- duction of flush doors as an addition to, or the ex- pansion of, an existing woodworking plant, where there is sufficient demand for these products and where such a local operation would be practicable. The equipment and methods shown in this bro- chure are modern and capable of making all grades of flush doors, both interior and exterior, up to 3 feet wide and 7 feet long. (Author) PB-177 930 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Ply- wood. Sep 57, 45p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Plywood, 'Industrial production, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Industri- al equipment, Storage, Handling, Wood, Process- ing, Labor, Costs. The small plywood plant described in this brochure is intended to manufacture plywood panels in a for- eign country, where there is sufficient demand for these products and where such a local operation would be practicable. The machinery, equipment and methods shown in this brochure are modern and capable of making all grades of veneer and plywood, including marine plywood. The plant will operate equally well with either hard or soft wood. (Author) PB-177 931 PC A02 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Porce- lain Enamelware. Apr 56, 20p Prepared in cooperation with Penniman and Browne, Baltimore, Md. Descriptors: 'Kitchen equipment + supplies, 'In- dustrial production, Cooking devices, Manufactur- ing methods, Processing, Industrial equipment, In- dustrial plants, Costs. Contents: Manufacturing operations; Plant require- ments; Suggested sources of supply for raw mate- rials and processing equipment; Illustration; Sup- plementary data; Sources of information. PB-177 932 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Asbes- tos - Cement Pipe. Jun 60, 33p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Pipes, 'Industrial production, Asbes- tos, Cements, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Costs, Labor. As indicated by the name, asbestos-cement pipe is made of asbestos fibre and Portland cement, usu- ally in combination with some other material like silica. A curing agent may also be added but this is not always necessary. In the United States the market for asbestos-cement pipe is large and growing steadily. This favorable situation has grown from the fact that these products meet many of the needs for pipe with the physical char- acteristics of asbestos-cement products. They are inexpensive and with unusual resistance to various 35 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES corrosive fluids found in many pipe systems. As- bestos does not burn and is a very poor conductor of electricity. (Author) PB-177 933 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Soy- bean Oil and Meal. Sep 61, 62p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Vegetable oils, Processing, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Phospholipids, Food, Glycerols, Acids, Yeasts, Colloids, Paints, Insecti- cides, Purification, Labor, Costs. Identifiers: Soybeans. Soya beans, which are native to eastern Asia, are now grown extensively in all parts of the world. They thrive best in the temperate zone. The uses for the end product are many, at latest count num- bering some 1 50 separate applications. The princi- pal uses of the expelled crude soya oil include seven basic categories: (1) Technical refined oils; (2) Edible refined oils; (3) Edible lecithin; (4) Tech- nical lecithin; (5) Medicinal lecithin; (6) Glycerine; (7) Acids. (Author) PB-177 934 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Chalk Whiting. Sep 61, 36p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: "Mineral products, 'Industrial produc- tion, Limestone, Material separation, Particle size, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Industri- al equipment, Labor, Costs. Identifiers: Chalk whiting. The report is primarily concerned with the absolute minimum operation for manufacture of true chalk whiting and, therefore, discusses the simplest manufacturing processes utilizing the crushing, grinding, and screening of high purity chalk. How- ever, sources of raw material for the manufacture of true whiting are limited. This, and many other factors have led to the development of whiting substitutes with their alternate methods of manu- facture and production. The CaC03 chemical in- dustry that has grown up in the United States in recent years is an outstanding example of such a development. Before presenting the detailed de- scription of the manufacture of true chalk whiting, sufficient information on whiting substitutes is in- cluded to present a basic concept of methods for their production and to offer to present a basic concept of methods for their production and to offer sources of information for further study of op- erations that may be adaptable to any locale and its available raw materials. (Author) PB-177 935 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Stretch Socks for Men and Children. Sep 61 , 34p Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (George H.) Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Socks, 'Industrial production, Manu- facturing methods, Textile industry, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Dyes, Labor, Costs. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing a manufacturing plant in a foreign country to produce stretch socks for men and children. Such a manufacturing plant is gener- ally known as a knitting mill. (Author) PB-177 943 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. mayonnaise. Technical inquiry service. 1 May 59, 29p Prepared in cooperation with Snell (Foster D.) Inc., New York. Descriptors: 'Food, Processing, Colloids, Costs, Production, Industrial equipment, Industrial plants, Packaging, Sanitary engineering. Identifiers: Mayonnaise. The report covers the procedures, plant equip- ment, and economics involved in the manufacture of 250,000 pounds of mayonnaise per year. Two manufacturing procedures are covered: (1) Batch mixing or beating; (2) Continuous emulsification or homogenization. Economics of operation for each process are shown for investment comparisons, and include lists of equipment required, labor, util- ity, and material balances. Formulas for several types of commercial mayonnaise are given. (Author) PB-177 944 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. A Small Particle Board Plant. Technical inquiry service. Jun 59, 35p Prepared in cooperation with Andrew (George H.) Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Panels(Structural), 'Industrial pro- duction, Manufacturing methods, Industrial plants, Industrial equipment, Production control, Labor, Costs. Identifiers: Particle board. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing and operating a small parti- cle board plant in a foreign country. The plant is designed to produce about 120 boards per hour. Based on current practice in the United States, this is a small plant. The recommended equipment and production methods are modern and have proven profitable when operating under conditions com- parable to those assumed (Author) PB-177 945 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Aluminum Door and Window Sash. Technical inquiry service. Nov 59, 46p Prepared in cooperation with Lederer (A. M.) and Co., Inc., New York. Descriptors: 'Structural parts, Aluminum, Costs, Manpower, Extrusion, Assembling, Site selection, Manufacturing methods, Industrial equipment, Doors, Industrial production, Buildings, Industrial plants. Inventory control, Training, Safety. Identifiers: Sashes(Structural), Windows. Aluminum is used in place of or along with wood and other forms of building materials in the manu- facture of window and door sash in residential, commercial, and manufacturing structures. Alumi- num sash doors and windows are generally made of extruded aluminum sections, glass, aluminum mesh screens, neoprene vinyl, and stainless steel. A wide variety of designs and sizes is manufac- tured depending upon the use to which the units are to be put. (Author) PB-177 946 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Silk Screen Printing on Textiles. Technical inquiry service. Jul 60, 41 p Prepared in cooperation with Mayer (Frank) Engi- neering Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Descriptors: 'Textiles, 'Printing, Fibers(Natural), Fibers(Synthetic), Dyes, Costs, Labor, Industrial equipment, Colors, Industrial plants. Silk screen printing varies in complexity from a simple operation to a highly scientific art. If con- fined to the use of pigmented dyes, a satisfactory product can be produced for cottage industry with a minimum of equipment and without the need of highly trained and skilled color chemists and spe- cial equipment for dye setting and aging. It is basi- cally a service industry since no product is pro- duced; instead printing is done to supply the needs of other manufacturers for decoration of their prod- ucts. One thousand to twelve hundred yards of material can be printed on five tables by six people oin one eight-hour shift. (Author) PB-177 948 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Lubrication Fundamentals and Practices. Ses- sions I, II, and III. Apr 57, 91 p Rept no. Technical Bull-43 Prepared in cooperation with Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, Pa. See also Session 4, 5, 6 and 7, PB- 177 949. Descriptors: 'Lubrication, Instruction manuals, Greases, Oils, Protection, Bearings, Viscosity, Friction, Specifications, Gears, Industrial equip- ment, Handling, Storage. Contents: Principles of lubrication; Characteristics of lubricants; Methods of applying lubricants; Gears and their lubrication; General bearings, electric motors and their lubrication; Lubrication of plant equipment; and Lubrication department oper- ation. PB-177 949 PC A07 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Lubrication Fundamentals and Practices. Ses- sions IV, V, VI and VII. Apr 57, 137p Rept no. Technical Bull-44 See also Sessions 1, 2, and 3, PB-177 948. Pre- pared in cooperation with Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, Pa. Descriptors: 'Lubrication, Instruction manuals, Gears, Bearings, Electric motors, Friction, Industri- al equipment, Lubricants, Handling, Storage. Contents: Gears and their lubrication; Lubrication of general bearings and electric motors; Lubrica- tion of plants equipment; Lubrication department operation. PB-177 955 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Department Store Merchandising. 1961, 79p Rept no. Technical Bull-63 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, Money, Costs, Organizations, Oper- ation, Commerce, Personnel management, Man- agement planning. Identifiers: Merchandising. The manual provides eight sessions on the subject of Retail Merchandising or Store Management. The training course in 'Retail Merchandising' is di- rected to the specific purpose of training people in the best methods and procedures in the conduct of a small retail or department store. The material for the conduct of this course is, more or less, in outline form. PB-177 956 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Retail Selling. George H. Andrews. 1 961 , 73p Rept no. Technical Bull-65 Prepared in cooperation with Engineering Asso- ciates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Management engineering. Instruc- tion manuals, Costs, Money, Training, Personnel management, Commerce, Management planning. The manual provides nine sessions on the subject of 'Retail Selling.' The training course in 'Retail Selling' is directed to the specific purpose of train- ing people in the best methods and procedures in the conduct of a small retail store. 36 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES PB-177 962 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer. Principles and Practices cf Productivity. Personnel Administration. 1962, 73p Rept no. Training manual-94 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, 'Personnel management, Instruc- tion manuals, Employment, Job analysis, Wages, Employee relations, Motivation, Organizations, Personnel, Training, Records. Contents: Selection and Hiring of Employees; Compensation of Employees and Job Rating; Em- ployee Training; Training of Supervisors; Employ- ee Relations; Personnel Records. PB-177 963 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer. Principles and Practices of Productivity. Controls and Supervision. 1 962, 62p Rept no. Training manual-95 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, 'Supervision, 'Management control systems, Personnel management, Quality control, Records, Money, Supervisory personnel, Training, Production control, Inventory control, Costs. Contents: Planning for control; Setting up control procedure; Controls as money savers; The super- visor and supervision; The supervisor as an organ of control; Visual controls in supervision. PB-177 964 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer. Principles and Practices of Productivity. Procurement and Inventory. 1 962, 59p Rept no. Training manual-98 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, 'Inventory control, Management planning, Management control systems, Procure- ment, Costs, Organizations, Inventory, Contracts, Stock level control, Storage, Quality control, Bud- gets. Contents: Five principles of good procurement; The practice of procurement; Sound procurement policy; Centralized procurement; Organization for procurement; The procurement contract; The question: Make or buy; Procurement and inven- tory; The role of inventory in an enterprise; The problems of inventory management; The aims of inventory management; The administration of in- ventory; Budgeting for inventory; The role of re- ceiving in inventory management; The manage- ment of storage. PB-177 965 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer. Principles and Practices of Productivity. Distribution and Sales. 1962, 70p Rept no. Training manual-100 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, Commerce, Consumption, Distribution(Economics), Costs, Management planning, Production. Contents: The place of sales in business manage- ment; The consumer and competition; Market re- search and sales forecasting; Merchandising; Pric- ing policy; Service; Advertising; and Sales man- agement. PB-177 966 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer. Principles and Practices of Productivity. Research and Public Relations. 1962, 95p Rept no. Training manual-101 Descriptors: 'Management engineering, Instruc- tion manuals, Commerce, Public relations, Produc- tion, Problem solving, Industrial psychology. No abstract available. PB-177 967 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Sales Promotion Methods. George H. Andrews. 1 962, 66p Rept no. Training Manual-103 Prepared in cooperation with Andrews Engineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Management engineering, 'Com- merce, Catalogs, Display systems, Public rela- tions, Management planning. Professional person- nel. Instruction manuals. Identifiers: Sales promotion, Salesmen. Contents: What is sales promotion; The scope of sales promotion; A salesman's tools; Window and interior displays; Direct mail advertising; Catalogs and price lists; Advertising specialties, premiums, and contents; and Coordination - key to successful sales promotion. PB-177 971 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Marketing Research. 1962, 85p Rept no. Training manual-117 Prepared in cooperation with Andrews (G. H.) En- gineering Associates, Inc., Washington, D. C. Descriptors: 'Commerce, Training, Analysis, Sci- entific research, Economics, Research program administration, Instruction manuals. Identifiers: 'Marketing research. Contents: Basis of marketing research; Types of marketing research; Basic procedures and meth- ods of marketing research; Situation analysis and informal investigation; Planning and preparing for the final research; Collection, tabulation, and anal- ysis of data; Interpretation and presentation of data follow-up; General review - case studies. PB-177 972 PC A06 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Communications Resources Div. Leather Chemistry for Foremen. First Year Course. 1962, 121p Rept no. Training Manual-119 Prepared in cooperation with Lawrence (A. C.) Leather Co., Peabody, Mass, and Lowell Techno- logical Institute, Mass. Descriptors: 'Leather, Chemical engineering, Atoms, Molecules, Symbols, Chemical reactions, Metals, Solutions, Ionization, Atomic structure, Hy- drocarbons, Methane, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ke- tones, Acids, Esters, Fatty acids, Waxes, Amines, Carbohydrates, Aromatic compounds, Halogen compounds, Dyes, Processing, Molecular struc- ture. Contents: Atoms and molecules; Symbols and for- mulas; Some non-metallic elements; Chemical re- actions; Chemical arithmetic; Metals; Solutions; Ionization; Atomic structure; Introduction - structur- al theory; Hydrocarbons and methane series; Alco- hols; Aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters; Fats, oils and waxes; Amines; Carbohydrates; Aromatic amines; Halogen compounds; and Dyes and dyeing. PB-177 973 PC A06 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Communications Resources Div. Leather Chemistry for Foremen. Second Year Course. Albert E. Chouinard. 1962, 121p Rept no. Training Manual-120 Prepared in cooperation with Lowell Technological Institute, Mass., and Lawrence (A. C.) Leather Co., Peabody, Mass. Descriptors: 'Leather, Chemical engineering, Hair, Skin, Proteins, Enzymes, Bacteria, Pickling, Quan- titative analysis, Hydrolysis, PH, Oxidation-reduc- tion reactions, Chromium, Tanning, Dyes, Coat- ings, Neutralization, Colloids. Contents: Skin structure; Protein chemistry and soaking; Liming; Unhairing; Conditioning effects in liming; Enzymes, bacteria and bating; Bating; Pick- ling; Quantitative analysis; Hydrolysis equilibria; PH and oxidation reduction; Decreasing; Chromium - The werner co-ordination theory; Chrome com- plexes and olation; Chrome liquors; Two-bath process and neutralization; Chrome tanning the- ories - emulsions; Fatliquoring - stuffing and emul- sions; Emulsion theories; Surface chemistry; Dyeing and coloring; Protective and decorative coatings. PB-177 974 PC A04 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Communications Resources Div. Leather Chemistry for Foremen. Third Year Course. Albert E. Chouinard. 1962, 53p Rept no. Training Manual-121 Prepared in cooperation with Lawrence (A. C.) Leather Co., Peabody, Mass., and Lowell Techno- logical Inst., Mass. Descriptors: 'Leather, Chemical engineering, In- struction manuals, Solutions, Standards, Volumet- ric analysis, Chemical indicators, Chromates, Tan- ning, Histology, Histological techniques, Dyes, Colors, Finishes + finishing, Processing. Contents: Weighing- Measuring - standard solu- tions; Standard solutions; pH measurements and indicators; Volumetric analysis; Water analysis; Determination of hide substance; Determination of chromic oxide in leather; Analysis of leather; Anal- ysis of vegetable tanning materials; Histology - the study of tissues, the microscope, the technique of slide making, special tests in leather microscopy; Beam house operations; Tanning; Retanning; Dyeing and fatliquoring; Formulation of three brown colors; Finishing. PB-177 981 PC A05 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Communications Resources Div. Leather Technology. 1962, 86p Rept no. Training Manual-140 Descriptors: 'Leather, Processing, Instruction manuals, Tanning, Dyes, Lubrication, Skin, Curing agents, Colors, Costs. Contents: Introduction; Hides and skins; Soaking and unhairing; Liming, beaming and splitting; Acids and alkalies and the pH system of measuring their strength; Tanning; Vegetable tanning; Leather lu- brication; Drying and pasting; Dyes and coloring; Economics in the leather industry; Workshop on upper leather; Leather machinery terms. PB-178 062 PC A03 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Phar- maceutical Products. Sep 61, 50p Descriptors: 'Management planning, 'Pharmacol- ogy, 'Manufacturing methods, 'Instruction man- uals, Budgets, Safety, Costs, Money, Personnel, Training, Law, Site selection, Production, Manpow- er, Economics, Machines. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing a plant in a foreign country to produce pharmaceutical products. The term pharmaceutical products includes tablets; pills, coated and uncoated; and capsules. (Author) PB-178 063 PC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Office of Industrial Resources. Training Course in Marketing. Mar 60, 97p Rept no. Technical Bull-61 Descriptors: 'Management planning, 'Instruction manuals, 'Commerce, Training, Time, Distribution, Storage, Handling, Training, Money. Identifiers: Advertising. 37 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Contents: Introduction - important parts of market- ing; Marketing research; Pricing policies; Advertis- ing; Channels of distribution; Selling; Storage and warehousing; and Payment. PB-178 064 PC A04 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D. C. Technical Aids Branch. Management Primer: Principles and Practices of Productivity - Records and Reports. May 62, 53p Rept no. Training manual-96 Descriptors: * Management planning, Reports, 'In- struction manuals, Reports, Public opinion, Accu- racy, Standardization, Classification, Manpower, Law, Records, Handling, Production, Costs, Money. Identifiers: Accounting. Written records are the memory of management. They preserve facts and figures by setting them down in writing for future use. Without records and the experience they preserve there would be no scientific management today. Recorded experi- ence helps management in the planning and scheduling of its operations. By comparing record- ed performance with planned performance super- visors can control the progress of enterprise activi- ties. And, by using records to obtain detailed infor- mation on all enterprise developments, business- men can base their decisions on experience and thus reduce the risks of misjudging enterprise strength. Records also protect management against legal difficulties, because they create and preserve evidence on internal and external trans- actions that may be questioned by the public, by government, by the courts, or by other enterprises. (Author) PB-178 341T PC A02 MF A01 National Tillage Machinery Lab., Auburn, Ala. Investigation of Active Working Tools of Sub- soil Irrigation Machines. V. P. Chalyi, and V. S. Burd. 28 Apr 68, 4p Trans, of Traktory i Selkhozmashiny (USSR) n9 p30-1 1966, by William R. Gill. Descriptors: * Earth-handling equipment, Agricul- ture, 'Irrigation systems, 'Agriculture, Rural areas, USSR, Water, Soil mechanics, Tractors. Identifiers: Graphs(Charts), Translations. Subsoil irrigation differs from the conventional method of irrigation in that water, together with fer- tilizers and chemicals., is introduced directly in the subsoil horizon with the help of a special tool. The working tool forms a fluctuating shaped mole cavity at a depth of 20-35 cm. Great depth of cov- ering water by the accepted line of machines (4-6 rows) and the loosening of the compact subsoil horizon creates difficulty in matching subsoil irriga- tion machines with the manufactured lines of culti- vator tractors because of inadequate tractive power. Therefore decreasing the tractive resis- tance of the working tool is a real problem. Pro- ceeding from this it is expedient to use active work- ing tools in subsoil irrigation machines. (Author) PB-178 345T PC A02 MF A01 National Tillage Machinery Lab., Auburn, Ala. Effect of Operational Speed on Forces Acting on Wedges. M. D. Podskrebko. 29 Jan 68, 7p Trans, of Vestnik Selskokhozyaistvennoi Nauki (USSR) n2 p98-1 01 1 967, by William R. Gill. Descriptors: * Earth-handling equipment, "Agricul- ture, Rural areas, USSR, Mathematical analysis, Soil mechanics, Tables, Stresses, Pressure, Fric- tion, Bibliographies, Wedges. Identifiers: Graphs(Charts), Translations. The author describes results of the experimental study of the effect of speed of the motion of wedges in soil medium on the soil resistance forces which affect the operational surface in the zone of the initial crushing of soil. (Author) PB-178 347T PC A03 MF A01 National Tillage Machinery Lab., Auburn, Ala. The Problem of Basic Parameters of Tillage Tools for Primary Soli Tillage, Chapter II. A. T. Vaginym. 10 Mar 68, 45p Trans, of mono. Voprosy Selskhozyaistvennoi Mekhaniki, Minsk, 1967 p57-98, by William R. Gill. Descriptors: 'Earth handling equipment, 'Agricul- ture, Rural areas, Tractors, USSR, Mathematical analysis, Shear stresses, Soil mechanics, Tables. Identifiers: Plowshares, Graphs(Charts), Transla- tion. There are six basic systems interactions of the op- erating tools of plowshare type plows with the soil: The action of one body alone without supplemen- tary working tools; The operation of the basic body in conjunction with a skim coulter; The operation of the basic body with a stationary jointer stripping the upper field corner of the slice; The operation of the basic body with supplementary working tools decreasing the bottom furrow angle; Two-level plowing; and Three-level plowing. (Author) PB-178 373T PC A02 MF A01 National Tillage Machinery Lab., Auburn, Ala. Determination of the Optimum Parameters of Rotary Tiller Cultivation Equipment. V. S. Surilov. 3 May 68, 13p Trans, of Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-lssledovatelskii Institut Mekhanizatsii Selskogo Khozyaistva, Moscow. Sibirskii Filial. Nauchnye Trudy (USSR) n3 p1 85-94 1966, by William R. Gill. Descriptors: 'Earth-handling equipment, 'Agricul- ture, Rural areas, Costs, Cost effectiveness, Eco- nomics, Tractors, Mathematical analysis, USSR, Soil mechanics. Identifiers: Graphs(Charts), Rotary tillers, Transla- tions. The effectiveness of agricultural machines and tools depends on the extent their parameters suit- ably characterize the technological process of the worked media and the conditions of employment of a given machine. The basic parameters of rotary tiller row crop cultivators are: the width of cut B, forward speed V, and feed to the knife S. To sup- plement the parameters of the equipment we also take the mechanical efficiency and the coefficient of resistance to movement. The important qualities of the machine depend on the basic parameters of the equipment: the specific productivity, the specif- ic cost, agrotechnical level of the treatment. (Author) PB-179 304 PC A05 MF A01 Hawaii Architects and Engineers, Inc., Honolulu. Pre-Final Submission for Ebeye and Carlson, Marshall Islands: Trust Territory Physical Plan- ning Program. Summary plan. 12 Jan 68, 90p* See also PB-179 303. Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'Kwajalein Atoll, Urban areas, Rural areas, Transportation, Popula- tion, Social sciences, Budgets, Power, History. Identifiers: Ebeye, Carlson, Land use. Contents: Concept of the plan and its elements - Ebeye and Carlson (Transportation, Land use, Community facilities, Community appearance, Util- ities, Budget cost proposals, Implementation); Ex- isting conditions, trends, and opportunities; Histori- cal and environmental influences. PB-179 305 PC A06 MF A01 Hawaii Architects and Engineers, Inc., Honolulu. Pre-Final Submission for Saipan, Mariana Is- lands: Trust Territory Physical Planning Pro- gram. Summary plan. 12 Jan 68, 113p* See also PB-179 304. Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'Micronesia, Urban areas, Rural areas, Transportation, Social sci- ences, Budgets, History, Power. Identifiers: Saipan, Mariana Islands, Land use. Contents: Concept of the plan and its elements (Transportation, Land use, Community facilities, Community appearance, Utilities, Budget cost pro- posal, Implementation); Existing conditions, trends, and opportunities; Historical and environ- mental influences. PB-179 327 PCA08MFA01 Texas Transportation Inst., College Station. Handbook for Building Homes of Earth. Lyle A. Wolfskin, Wayne A. Dunlap, and Bob M. Gallaway. 1968, 160p* Rept no. Bull-21 Prepared in cooperation with Housing and Home Finance Agency, Washington, DC. Descriptors: 'Housing, SoHs, 'Soils, Construction, Handbooks, Stabilization, Earth-handling equip- ment, Foundations(Structures), Walls, Compact- ing, Compressive properties, Tensile properties, Floors. Identifiers: Adobe, Roof. Contents: Introduction-types of earth houses; Soils and what can be done with them; Soil stabilizers; Site preparation; Foundations; Lightweight roofs; Getting the soil prepared; Making adobe blocks; Making pressed earth blocks; Making walls of pressed blocks; Making walls of rammed earth; Roofs for earth houses; Floors for earth houses; and Surface coatings. PB-179 329 PC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. of International Affairs. Village Housing in the Tropics. Jane B. Drew. Jun 67, 71 p Prepared in cooperation with Agency for Interna- tional Development, Washington, DC. Descriptors: 'Housing, Africa, Public health. Hy- giene, Protection, Water supplies, Insects, Con- tamination, Soils, Erosion, Rivers, Animals, Eco- nomics, Agriculture, Wind, Construction materials, Design, Ventilation, Tropical regions. Identifiers: West Africa. Agriculture is the foundation of wealth in West Africa. The concomitant of agriculture is villages. The creation of efficient villages where a high standard of life is possible is a prime town planning responsibility of the coast. The stabilization of an agriculture based on the rotation of crops rather than shifting cultivation will help the permanent lo- cation of villages as well as combat two great evils: soil erosion caused by heedless destruction of the forests, and soil impoverishment. Mining and fish- ing villages have not been dealt with separately since their location is fixed, but in general they follow the same principles outlined for other vil- lages. In siting a village the obvious factors con- trolling its position are farming land, water, and ac- cessibility to main roads, or sometimes to sea or streams. (Author) PB-179 359 PC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D. C. Urban Planning in Developing Countries. Ideas and Methods Exchange No. 61 Lloyd Rodwin. 1968, 68p Descriptors: 'Urban planning, Venezuela, 'Man- agement planning, Urban areas, Housing, Popula- tion, Transportation, Industries, Site selection, Ter- rain, Control, Natural resources, Petroleum, Roads, Buildings, Economics. Identifiers: AID(Agency for International Develop- ment), Ciudad Guyana(Venezuela). The study describes the job of the city planner in developing countries. It does this by examining a single case, the planning of Ciudad Guayana, a city being built in Venezuela, and it looks at this city planning endeavor from two points of view. It ex- amines this still on-going enterprise from the standpoint of urban planning technique - how does the urban planner in such a setting do his work. - and in addition, it tries to suggest something of the functions which such an urban planning enterprise may have in a developing country. For while cer- tain features of the case described are characteris- tic only of Venezuela, or of the problems of new cities, many of the problems confronted and tech- 38 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES niques used are relevant to urban, regional and na- tional programs throughout the world. (Author) PB-179 361 PC A03 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. of International Affairs. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Build- ing Bricks. Jun 67, 34p Descriptors: 'Brick, "Manufacturing methods, In- dustrial plants, Costs, Labor, Specifications, Ma- chine tools, Site selection, Buildings, Money, Bud- gets, Industrial production, Clay, Shale, Mud, iriers(Apparatus), Inventory, Economics, Tropical regions. Identifiers: Area planning aid development. The purpose of this report is to present basic infor- mation for establishing and operating a building brick plant in a country with a tropical or semi-tropi- cal climate. The information includes general man- ufacturing methods, plant layout, and costs of ma- terials, equipment, and labor. The plant described is considered to be the economic minimum in size which utilize suitable equipment and methods. Products are to be simple and varieties limited in order that costs may be kept to a minimum. (Author) PB-179 363 PC A02 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. of International Affairs. Housing in Liberia. Jun 67, 20p* Country Report Series. Descriptors: "Economics, Africa, 'Housing, Africa, Geography, Climatology, History, Political science, Population, Agriculture, Mining engineering, Trans- portation, Communication systems, Commerce, Construction materials, Labor, Professional per- sonnel, Urban planning, Rural areas, Law, Bank- ing, Costs, Foreign aid, Statistical data. Identifiers: Liberia, Area planning and develop- ment. The report on housing in Liberia is one of a series of reports on housing and related subjects in de- veloping countries. The series is issued by the Office of International Housing (OIH) of the Hous- ing and Home Finance Agency (HHFA) as a serv- ice to the Agency for International Development (A.I.D.). The individual country reports are de- signed to assist in the orientation of A.I.D. techni- cians either in the United States or abroad. They are also intended to provide basic information to consultants scheduled to undertake overseas as- signments as well as to American businessmen in- terested in foreign investment. (Author) PB-179 365 PC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. of International Affairs. Housing in the Ivory Coast. Thomas R. Callaway. Apr 66, 62p* Country Report Series. Descriptors: 'Economics, Ivory Coast, 'Housing, Ivory Coast, Geography, Climatology, History, Po- litical science, Population, Employment, Transpor- tation, Banking, Construction materials, Prefabri- cated buildings, Costs, Sanitary engineering, Labor, Wages, Rural areas, Urban planning, For- eign aid, Statistical data. Identifiers: Area planning and development. No abstract available. PB-179 366 PC A02 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. or International Affairs. Housing in Nigeria. Jun 67, 18p* Country Report Series. Descriptors: 'Economics, Nigeria, 'Housing, Nige- ria, Geography, Climatology, History, Political sci- ence, Population, Construction materials, Profes- sional personnel, Urban planning, Rural areas, Law, Foreign aid, Banking, Costs, Statistical data. Identifiers: Area planning and development. No abstract available. PB-179 367 PC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Office of International Housing. Housing In Ethiopia. Country Report Series. Jan 66, 71 p* Descriptors: 'Economics, Ethiopia, 'Housing, Ethi- opia, Geography, Climatology, History, Political sci- ence, Education, Population, Agriculture, Mining engineering, Industries, Transportation, Communi- cation systems, Commerce, Banking, Construction materials, Urban planning, Rural areas, Costs, Manpower, Wages, Statistical data. Identifiers: Area planning and development. No abstract available. PB-179 376 PC A03 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Div. of International Affairs. Squatter Settlements. The Problem and the Op- portunity. Ideas and Methods Exchange no. 63, 302 Urban Planning Charles Abrams. Apr 66, 49p Descriptors: 'Urban areas, Housing, Social sci- ences, Law, Economics, Population, Public opin- ion, Sewage, Urban planning, Advanced planning, Costs, Safety, Site selection, Employment, Public health, Structures, State-of-the-art reviews. Identifiers: Area planning and development, 'Squatters. The report discusses the world-wide problem of 'squatters' in urban slums. The legal and economic problems associated with squatter villagers are ex- amined. PB-179 383 PC A03 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC. Sewage Lagoons for Developing Countries. Ideas and Methods Exchange No. 62, 302/12/1 Sewage Lagoons. Thomas Callaway, and Bernard Wagner. Jan 66, 41p Prepared in cooperation with Department of State, Washington, DC. Agency for International Devel- opment. Descriptors: 'Urban planning, *Wastes(Sanitary engineering), Sewage, Wastes(lndustrial), Rural areas, Housing, Humans, Drainage, Irrigation sys- tems, Water, Site selection, Soil mechanics, Eva- potranspiration, Advanced planning, Public health. Identifiers: BOD(Biochemical oxygen demand), Area planning and development, Sewage lagoons. Many cities in developing countries lack accept- able community sewage disposal systems. The failure to provide safe, effective means of dispos- ing of human and other wastes present problems, the seriousness of which cannot be overestimated. The cost of constructing adequate treatment plants often discourages their installation in cities with limited budgets. However, treatment is possi- ble by means of sewage lagoons which are usually less expensive than more conventional methods. (Author) PB-179 408 PC A03 MF A01 National Council on the Aging, Inc., New York. Operation III: Loaves and Fishes. A Model Community Action Program to Provide Nutri- tious Low-Cost Meals to the Elderly. Final rept. Geneva Mathiasen, and Jack Ossofsky. 23 Jul 56, 34p Contract OEO-79 Descriptors: 'Food, 'Adults, Costs, Sociology, Aging(Physiology), Employment, Training, Educa- tion, Nutrition, Costs. Identifiers: Loaves and fishes operation. The major purpose of this project is to provide nu- tritious meals and footdtuffs at low cost to older persons living on marginal or poverty level in- comes. Meals will be prepared so that they may be eaten where purchased, or packaged so they may be carried home or delivered to the homebound when necessary. In addition to providing meals, the project will seek to stretch the limited incomes of the elderly through implementation of surplus food programs, food stamp plans, and the devel- opment of marketing, home economics and relat- ed consumer education. Social action in connec- tion with matters of consumer concern and protec- tion will be encouraged. The project will provide employment opportunities for residents of the community being served, including the elderly, as well as opportunities for volunteer services by those who can afford to give of their time. Intensive community relations and case finding will be un- dertaken to insure maximum utilization of the pro- gram by the elderly. (Author). PB-179 475 PC A08 MF A01 Memphis and Shelby County Planning Commis- sion, Memphis, Tenn. Community Facilities Study. Volume III. Sani- tary Sewers. Comprehensive planning rept. Feb 68, 164p* See also Volume 2, PB-1 79 474. Prepared in coop- eration with Allen and Hoshall-Clark, Dietz and Assoc., Memphis, Tenn. PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ILLEGIBLE. SEE INTRODUC- TION SECTION OF THIS ANNOUNCEMENT JOURNAL FOR CFSTI ORDERING INSTRUC- TIONS. Availability: Original document in color until exhausted. Descriptors: 'Urban planning, Tennessee, 'Sani- tary engineering, Tennessee, Sewage, Predic- tions, Construction, Costs, Population, Rivers, Maps, Urban areas, Rural areas, Water pollution, Wastes(lndustrial). Identifiers: Area planning and development, Land use, Memphis(Tennessee), Evaluation, 'Intercep- tor sewers, Shelby CountyfTennessee). Described in this report are the lengths, sizes and approximate locations of sanitary sewers needed to provide service to Shelby County through the year 1 990. The results of an extensive investiga- tion of the existing interceptor sewers in the County is also included. The construction of the needed sewers is divided into five-year increments beginning in 1 970. Sewer capacity was determined by studying population forecasts and land use pre- dictions for the County. Estimated construction costs for each phase are presented with unit costs being forecast for the future based on previous construction data. A detailed study of the sewage treatment needs for the County is currently being prepared for the City of Memphis, however, pre- liminary costs of these facilities are included in the report. (Author) PB-180 245 PC A03 MF A01 Cooperative League of the USA, Chicago, III. Potential Cooperative Projects. Final feasibility rept. Stanley Dreyer. 28 Dec 65, 28p Contract OEO-598 Descriptors: 'Organizations, Feasibility studies, Standards, Management planning, Urban areas, Rural areas, Budgets, Training. Identifiers: Cooperative projects, Community action programs, Chicago(lllinois), St. No abstract available. PB-180 476 PC A03 MF A01 Clapp and Mayne, Inc., San Juan, Puerto Rico. Feasibility Study for Establishing a Bicycle Manufacturing Plant in Puerto Rico. Final rept. Dec 68, 44p Contract DC-8-35352 Descriptors: 'Industrial plants, 'Vehicles, 'Puerto Rico, Industrial plants, Feasibility studies, Econom- ics, Commerce, Assembling, Production, Costs. Identifiers: Bicycles. 39 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES A study was made to establish the economic feasi- bility of manufacturing bicycles to satisfy the small but growing internal Puerto Rican market. Howev- er, during the course of the investigation, the Con- sultants became aware of a series of develop- ments in the United States bicycle market that, upon further investigation, led them to broaden the original scope of the study to include an evaluation of the feasibility of producing bicycles in Puerto Rico for sale in this market and for shipment to the United States. Nonetheless, the original concept of a local market-oriented factory has been kept intact, so the study provides an evaluation of that possibility independently of an export market. (Author) PB-180 509 PC A06 MF A01 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. Dept. of Sani- tary Engineering and Water Resources. An Evaluation of the Problems of Sanitary Sewer System Design. Final rept. John C. Geyer, and John J. Lentz. Sep 64, 114p* FHA-564 Technical studies publication. Descriptors: 'Sanitary engineering, Sewage, *Wastes(Sanitary engineering), Pipes, Water sup- plies, Housing, Maintenance, Costs, Urban areas. Rural areas, California, Maryland, Florida, Missou- ri. Identifiers: Evaluation, * Sewer systems. General problems facing sewer designers have been studied using field data collected in four U. S. communities. Analysis of these data indicates that basic causes of maintenance difficulties are tree roots, accumulations of debris in the absence of roots, other causes, and in areas having cohesion- less sub-soil, sewer cave-ins. Proportionately fewer blockages occur when grades are moderate, and proportionately more occur at the upper termi- nals of the sewers. In eight-inch pipe, manhole spacing has little effect on the labor costs of stop- page relief. Emphasis is placed on statistical tech- niques for estimating domestic sewage flow. Flow of rainwater and groundwater was at times found to be excessive in all systems studied. Limited data on costs of operating and maintaining sewage pumping stations are reported and evaluated. (Author) PB-182 735 PC A02 MF A01 Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Vancouver (British Columbia). Forest Products Lab. Wood Species and Glues Influence Plywood Bond Durability. Information rept. P. L. Northcott. Aug 68, 24p* Rept no. VP-X-42 Descriptors: "Plywood, 'Bonding, Wear resis- tance, Adhesives, Specifications, Thickness, Roughness, Classification, Exposure, Regression analysis, Degradation, Loading(Mechanics), Effec- tiveness. Identifiers: Graphs(Charts). The research demonstrates that durability of 3/8 in., 3-ply plywood manufactured with a single glue is strongly dependent on the species of wood. Fur- thermore, the influence of species on durability tends to be different for each type of glue. Twelve 4'-square panels of plywood were manufactured from each of the combinations of six species of wood and ten glues. Plywood shear specimens were subjected to each of six bond-degrading sys- tems for times up to 1 60 days. (Author) PB-182 764 PC A02 MF A01 Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Vancouver (British Columbia). Forest Products Lab. Balsam Woolly Aphid-Infested Abies Wood as a Source of Pulp Fibre. Information rept. K. Hunt. May 68, 25p* Rept no. VP-X-39 Descriptors: *Hemiptera, Wood, *Wood pulp, Sources, Trees, Pest control, Chemicals, Life cycle, Damage, Eggs, Wind, Airborne, Climatology, Physical properties, Cell wall, Economics, Canada. Identifiers: Adelges piceae, Fir trees. The life cycle of the balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae Ratzeburg) and its effect on trees and wood of various Abies species is briefly described. Several methods, natural and chemical, for con- trolling the pests are cited. The effect of advanced infestation on the quality of pulp produced from Abies wood by the different industrial processes is shown to include a reduction in yield of 10% and a decrease in strength of 20 to 30%. Recommenda- tions regarding further pulping research are made in the light of various economic considerations. It is recommended that a detailed polysaccharide anal- ysis be carried out on the aphid-infested wood of Abies balsamea. (Author) PB-184 123 HC A09 MF A01 Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif. In-Cities Experimental Housing Research and Development Project, Phase I. Composite Report. Volume III. technology. Mar 69, 181p* Rept no. KE-69-8-R-4 Contract HUD-H-1 011 Compiled from Phase I reports prepared by Build- ing Systems Development, Inc., Contract HUD-H- 971; Westinghouse Electric Corp., Contract HUD- H-970; and Abt Associates, Inc., Contract HUD-H- 969. See also Volume 2, PB-184 122 and Volume 4, PB-184 124. Descriptors: * Urban planning, Housing projects, Construction, Urban areas, Design, Configuration, Materials, Structural parts, Manufacturing meth- ods, Assembling, Cooling, Heating, Electrical equipment, Industries, Indexes. Identifiers: "Modular construction, "Low cost housing. The objective of this report is to present for public information the useful data on technological inno- vation in low-cost housing collected by the three Phase I Contractors. During Phase I, a large file of data on innovative systems and components was accumulated. Some of these systems and compo- nents had been tested and others were in the design stage only. Some had been used in foreign countries but not in the United States. This file of data has been assembled in this volume for use as a general guide to those concerned with the plan- ning and construction of low-cost housing. (Author) PB-184 450 HC A07 MF A01 Mater Engineering Corvallis, Oreg. A Feasibility Study for a Small LOG Sawmill on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Central Arizona. Apr 69, 137p* Contract C-8-3529 Descriptors: "Wood, Cutting, "Industrial plants, "Arizona, Rural areas, Feasibility studies, Industrial production, Forestry, Sources, Costs, Configura- tion, Operation, Predictions, Economics, Sociome- trics. Identifiers: Indian reservations, "Sawmills, Fort Apache(Arizona). The study investigated the feasibility of construct- ing an additional sawmill facility on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to saw small logs which the existing mill cannot handle profitable. The study included a survey of the wood supplies and the selection of the optimum log conversion configuration to profitable convert the available small logs into saleable lumber and chips. Eight configurations were studied for converting the small logs to lumber. An in-depth analysis resulted in projected operating statements which indicate that this small log mill should be economically ad- vantageous to the Tribe. (Author) PB-184 876 HC A09 MF A01 National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. Inst, for Applied Technology. The Performance Concept: A Study of Its Ap- plication to Housing. Volume Two. John P. Eberhard. 3 Jun 69, 194p* Revision of Rept. no. NBS-9850 dated 3 Jun 68. See also Volume 1, PB-184 458, and Volume 3, PB-184 459. Sponsored in part by Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: "Housing, Standards, Design, Specifi- cations, Costs, Structural properties, Rural areas, Management planning, Decision making, Econom- ics, Money, Law, Public health, Life expectancy, Sociology, Alaska. Identifiers: Low cost housing, Poverty, Ethnic groups, Indian reservations, Problem solving, uilding codes. This report, in three volumes, is the result of a study conducted by the Institute for Applied Tech- nology of the National Bureau of Standards for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. This study investigated the following hypothesis: 'It is hypothesized that, if adequate performance standards for low-cost housing could be devel- oped, and if they were broadly used, an important and fundamental way would have been opened to accommodate the introduction of cost-reducing in- novations into the design of low-cost housing.' The report finds this hypothesis to be generally correct, but emphasizes the need for the development of the necessary knowledge to implement the per- formance concept. This volume contains appendi- ces titled as follows: Needs of the rural poor in low cost housing; Housing of Indians on reservations and of Alaskan natives; Conceptual structure of low cost/low income housing; Nature of the prob- lem; Implementation of the performance concept in regulatory and acceptance systems such as the minimum property standards. PB-185 168 HC A05 MF A01 Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D.C. Envi- ronmental Development Div. Literature References to Highways and Their Environmental Considerations. 1 Jul 69, 90p* Descriptors: "Roads, "Environment, "Manage- ment planning, Roads, Urban planning, Rural areas, Sociology, Economics, Physical properties, Air pollution, Transportation, Bibliographies, Ab- stracts. Identifiers: Land use, Noise pollution. The report is in four sections: a bibliography, keyed and cross-referenced to six broad areas of inter- est; the staff selections; the abstracts; and a sub- ject index. (Author) PB-186 188 HC A08 MF A01 National Swedish Inst, for Building Research, Stockholm (Sweden). Social Aspects of Housing and Urban Develop- ment. 1969, 166p* Rept no. Byggforskningen-3:1969 Paper copy also available from The National Swedish Institute for Building Research, Box 27 163, S-102 52, Stockholm 27, Sweden. Sw. Kr. 20. Descriptors: "Urban planning, Housing, "Housing, Bibliographies, Economics, Sociology, Africa, Asia, Australia, Central America, South America, Europe, North America, Abstracts. Identifiers: Low cost housing, Developing coun- tries. The bibliography is part of a continuing project of the Housing Section of the United Nations Centre for Housing, Building and Planning. The aim of the bibliography was to provide a broad view of the published literature dealing with the experience of countries which have made substantial progress in solving the social problems of housing and urban development, paying particular attention to such aspects as: an appropriate programme of econom- ic development in urban and rural areas leading to an accelerated raising of the standard of living, the provision of appropriate dwellings for all, the initi- ation and construction of housing for low-income families, the keeping of rents within a reasonable share of family incomes, the improvement of exist- ing housing and the clearance of slums. (Author) PB-187 565 HC A09 MF A01 Stefflre Associates, Inc., Laguna Beach, Calif. The Small New Business. Final rept. 40 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Volney Stefflre. Aug 69, 181p* Contract OEO-4786 Descriptors: "Commerce, "Management planning, Starting, Organizations, Industries, Economics, Motivation, Money, Sociology, Production control, Predictions, Site selection, Growth, Computer pro- grams, Costs. Identifiers: "Small businesses, "Economic devel- opment, Marketing, Product development, Ac- counting, Profits, Cash flow, Computer analysis. Contents: The general problem; Finance; Market- ing; Production; Organization; Starting a new small business; Growth and/or decline; The nature of a small business development company. PB-187 841 HC A09 MF A01 Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Water Re- sources Inst. A Study of the Economic Impact of Water Im- poundment Through Validity Testing of a Com- parative-Projection Model. Technical rept. John E. Pearson, and Kenneth E. Heideman. Aug 69, 183p* TR-20, OWRR-B-019-TEX(1) Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -1553 Descriptors: "Economics, "Texas, "Dams, Water supplies, Impact, Reviews, Mathematical predic- tion, Mathematical models, Population, Recrea- tion, Statistical data, Urban areas, Rural areas, Lakes, Programming(Computers). Identifiers: "Reservoirs, Computer models, Invest- ments, Computerized simulation, Validity testing. An established economic simulation model for res- ervoir development was applied to ten reservoir projects throughout Texas. The model as a predic- tor of economic impact was given a difficult test because of the diversity of geographic, economic, and social characteristics surrounding the reser- voirs. Additional difficulty was provided because the reservoirs were in different development stages-construction, fill-up, and post fill-up. A syn- thetic (business activity) index was developed for measuring accuracy of the model in the thirteen reservoir areas. (Author) PB-188 799 HC A03 MF A01 Temple Univ., Philadelphia, Pa. Bureau of Eco- nomic and Business Research. The Economic Implications of the Interconnec- tion of Urban Water Systems. Paul Seidenstat. 1969, 37p* Occasional-paper-2, W70-02737 Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -1976 Descriptors: "Urban areas, Water supplies, "Water supplies, Networks, Management planning, Eco- nomics, Feasibility studies, Rural areas, Periodic variations, Systems engineering, Reclamation, Population, Costs, Statistical data. Identifiers: Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), "Water supply interchanges, Water treatment, Intercity water systems, Emergency water interconnec- tions. Much concern has been expressed in recent years about the problem of meeting the anticipated in- crease in demand for water in the United States. In terms of meeting the demand augmentation of the water supply at the lowest possible cost would appear to be a widely held objective in water system management. Economists are now stress- ing the idea that more efficient use of existing water facilities and sources of supply may be an economically superior alternative to expensive supply augmentation projects. The contention of this paper is that there are possibilities for inter- change of water among adjacent water systems that have not been fully explored and that using these interconnections can be a lower-cost method of expanding the treated water supply than having each system augment its own supply inde- pendently. (Author) PB-188 841 HC A02 MF A01 Illinois Univ., Urbana. Water Resources Center. Impact of Community Water Systems In Small Towns. Final rept. 1 Sep 67-30 Jun 68 Walter J. Wills, and Donald D. Osburn. Jun 69, 20p WRC-RR-20, OWRR-A-027-ILL(1) Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -1081 Descriptors: "Water supplies, "Urban areas, Man- agement planning, Fire safety, Sanitary engineer- ing, Installation, Rural areas, Illinois. Identifiers: Water consumption. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the impact the addition of a community water system to a small town would have upon that town and the surrounding communities. The benefits of the system were recognized by the residents and some of the first round impacts were measured. Benefits observed were increases in the number of water using appliances, increases in property values, improved fire protection and sanitary con- ditions. (Author) PB-188 851 HC A07 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. A Proposed Urban Development Program for Tegucigalpa, Honduras. James A. Moore. 25 Aug 67, 134p Rept no. PASA-LA(KA)-53-67 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: "Urban planning, "Honduras, "Hous- ing, Urban planning, Costs, Management planning, Training, Government(Foreign), Economics. Identifiers: "Tegucigalpa(Honduras), Developing nations. The report describes an urban development pro- gram prepared for Tegucigalpa, including urban planning, public finance, public administration, and training. The program seeks to institutionalize the planning function in Tegucigalpa to enable the government to prepare, finance, and administer such plans, and to encourage local citizen partici- pation. (Author) PB-188 852 HC A03 MF A01 FCH International, Inc., Washington, D.C. Housing the Campesino. A Case Study of Co- operative Housing in Rural Panama. 1966, 28p Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: "Rural areas, Housing, "Housing pro- jects, "Panama, Wages, Economics, Costs, Re- search program administration, Management plan- ning. Identifiers: Los Pocitos(Panama), Developing na- tions, Low income families. The report describes a case study of cooperative housing in Los Pocitos, Panama. It describes the organization and administration of the housing pro- gram, the design and financing of typical houses in the project, and its applicability in other locations. (Author) PB-188 918 HC A05 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Earth for Homes: Ideas and Methods Exchange No. 22. May 69, 79p* Revision of report dated Sep 56. Descriptors: "Housing, Construction materials, "Construction materials, "Soils, Buildings, Con- struction, Soil mechanics, Walls, Floors, Roofs, Compacting, Cements, Weatherproofing, Structur- al properties, Finishes + finishing, Test methods, Brick, Mud, Earthquake-resistant structures, State- of-the-art reviews. Identifiers: "Earth construction, Soil compacting, Soil aggregates, Admixtures, Pozzolans, Soil prop- erties, Soil cement, Cob construction, Adobe brick, Wattle and daub. Contents: Early uses of earth; Soils; Methods of earth wall construction; Stabilization of earth by admixtures; Earth floors; Earth roofs; Wall finishes; The design of earth walls. PB-188 919 HC A08 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Handbook for Building Homes of Earth. Lyle A. Wolfskill, Wayne A. Dunlop, and Bob M. Callaway. 1970, 161p* Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Descriptors: "Housing, Construction, "Construc- tion materials, "Soils, Design, Soil mechanics, Site selection, Preparation, Foundations(Structures), Roofs, Walls, Floors, Manufacturing methods, Compacting, Presses(Machinery), Finishes + fin- ishing, Weatherproofing, Handbooks. Identifiers: "Earth construction, Soil tests, Soil compacting, Soil stabilization, Pressed earth blocks, Adobe blocks. Contents: Introduction-types of earth houses; Soils and what can be done with them; Soil stabiliz- ers; Site preparation; Foundations; Lightweight roofs; Getting the soil prepared; Making adobe blocks; Making pressed earth blocks; Making walls of pressed blocks; Making walls of rammed earth; Roofs for earth houses; Floors for earth houses; Surface coatings. PB-188 921 HC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Bamboo as a Building Material. F. A. McClure. Jun 67, 58p Revision of reports dated May 53 and Jun 67. Descriptors: "Housing, Construction materials, "Construction materials, Plants(Botany), Buildings, Foundations(Structures), Supports, Floors, Walls, Doors, Roofs, Pipes, Reinforcing materials, Rein- forced concrete, Abundance, Structural properties, Preservation, Construction, Small tools. Identifiers: "Bamboo, Frames, Ceilings(Architecture), Windows, Troughs, Biogeo- graphy. Contents: Parts of a house for which bamboos are suitable; Bamboo reinforcement of concrete; Geo- graphical distribution of bamboos; Differences among species; Some bamboos used in housing; Shortcomings of bamboo and how to overcome them; Preservation; Skill requirements; Tool re- quirements; Differentiation and evaluation of spe- cies; Collecting specimens for identification. PB-188 925 HC A05 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Physiological Objectives in Hot Weather Hous- ing. Douglas H. K. Lee. Jun 69, 83p* Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. Revision of report dated May 63. Descriptors: "Housing, "Tropical regions, "Heat tolerance, Housing, Physiology, Climatology, Hu- midity, Temperature, Buildings, Configuration, Re- flection, Cooling, Solar radiation, Heat transfer. The report presents an introduction to hot weather housing design. Hot dry and hot humid environ- ments are included. (Author) PB-188 926 HC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Village Housing in the Tropics, with Special Reference to West Africa. Keith H. Hinchcliff. Jun 69, 72p Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ., Urbana. Revision of report dated May 63. Descriptors: "Housing, Tropical regions, "Urban planning, "Subsaharan Africa, Site selection, Cli- matology, Terrain, Problem solving, Water sup- plies, Public health, Buildings, Construction materi- als, Culture, Nigeria, Ghana. Identifiers: Villages, Community facilities, Sierra Leone, Gambia. The document discusses the optimum location of villages, types of village layouts, housing design, 41 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES and community facilities, with special reference to West Africa. PB-188 927 HC A03 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Bibliography on Housing Building and Plan- ning. May 69, 47p* Descriptors: "Housing, 'Bibliographies, Construc- tion, Law, Standards, Urban planning, Rural areas, Terrain, Problem solving, Abstracts. Identifiers: Self help housing, Architecture, Build- ing codes. The document contains an annotated listing of recent books and periodicals on aided self-help housing, architecture, building codes and stand- ards, city and regional planning, housing, land problems, taxation, transportation, urbanization and zoning. PB-188 931 HC A04 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Aided Self-Help in Housing Improvement. Ideas and methods exchange. Aug 69, 64p* Rept no. IME-18 Revision of report dated Jan 67. Descriptors: "Housing, Construction, 'Sociome- trics, 'Rural areas, Management planning, Costs, Labor, Standards, Construction materials, Terrain, Burma, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Greece, Taiwan, Sweden. Identifiers: Self help housing, Community develop- ment, Technical assistance. The document discusses fundamental principles and role of aided self-help housing and how to or- ganize self-help projects and secure technical and financial assistance. It describes programs in Burma, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Greece, Taiwan and Sweden. PB-188 933 HC A04 MF A01 Arizona Univ., Tucson. Optimizing Salvageable Water Resources in a Semiarid Inland Basin. Project Completion rept. Jul 67-Jun 69 W. Clyma, W. G. Matlock, W. J. McConnell, H. K. Qashu, and S. D. Resnick. Aug 69, 53p W70- 02745 Descriptors: *Water supplies, 'Arizona, 'Water, Processing, Salvage, Management planning, In- dustries, Urban areas, Mathematical models, Con- trol, Storage. Identifiers: 'Water reuse, 'Salvageable water re- sources. The investigation characterizes salvageable water resources in the semi-arid Tucson basin and evalu- ates appropriate treatment and control methods and management procedures for reuse of these salvageable waters. A preliminary inventory of sal- vageable water resources in the Tucson basin indi- cated a conservatively estimated annual total of 30,000 acre-feet available from municipal, industri- al, and urban runoff sources. Little was known of the quality of urban runoff in this semi-arid environ- ment, and efforts were directed toward exploratory sampling and analysis as indicators of potential problem areas in runoff quality. A ground-water re- charge investigation at the Rillito Creek recharge site near Tucson produced a mathematical model which can be applied to alternative management schemes in the utilization or storage of salvage waters. Initial formulation of management alterna- tives appeared to require an improved system framework defining community objectives and cri- teria for salvaged water allocation. (Author) PB-189 171 HC A05 MF A01 Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Water Resources Re- search Center. Identification of Return Irrigation Water in the Subsurface: Water Quality. Project completion rept. 1 Jul 68-30 Jun 69 Pedro A. Tenorio, Reginald H. F. Young, and H. Collins Whitehead. Oct 69, 92p TR-33, OWRR-B- 012-HI(1) Contract DI-1 4-01 -001 -1495 Report on Identification of Irrigation Return Water in the Subsurface - Phase II. Descriptors: 'Water supplies, 'Hawaii, 'Irrigation systems, Water supplies, Quality control, Agricul- ture, Water wells, Sampling, Nitrates, Phosphates, Bromides, Carbonates, Fluorides, Calcium com- pounds, Magnesium compounds, Silicates, Sul- fates, Rainfall, Chemical analysis, Solids, Tropical regions. Identifiers: Pearl Harbor(Hawaii), Irrigation return water, 'Oahu Island. A joint research effort was undertaken by the Water Resources Research Center and the Hono- lulu Board of Water Supply to investigate the physi- cal and chemical characteristics of irrigation return water in Pearl Harbor-Waipahu, Oahu, an area used for tropical agriculture. The project was start- ed in 1 967 and was expanded in 1 968 to include Kahuku, Oahu and Central and West Maui. Well samples and profile samples were obtained with a thief sampler in the Pearl Harbor-Waipahu area and composite samples were obtained mainly from pumping wells in other areas. In addition, both spring and stream waters in the Pearl Harbor-Wai- pahu area were analyzed for a number of inorganic constituents. Stream waters in the main study area were observed to contain appreciable quantities of nitrate, phosphate, bromide, bicarbonate, and flu- oride. Similar trends were observed with the spring samples including increases of calcium, magne- sium, silica, sulfate, and nitrate. Well waters from the main study area were evaluated according to Visher and Mink's index constituents, silica, sul- fate, and nitrate, and other significant ionic compo- sitions. General analysis of major constituents evi- denced a cyclical trend in concentration, either re- lated to seasonal rainfall and irrigation practices, or both. (WRSIC abstract) PB-189 254 HC A02 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Establishing Savings and Loan Associations in Less Industrialized Countries. Ideas and methods exchange Ray J. Burroughs. 1967, 16p Rept no. IME-38 Descriptors: 'Banking, Organizations, 'Housing, Management planning, Government(Foreign), Standards, United States, Law, Personnel, Site se- lection, Reliability. Identifiers: 'Savings and loan associations, Devel- oping countries, Expenses, Income. U.S. savings and loan associations are used as an example for other countries desiring to establish financing institutions for funding new houses. En- abling legislation, interest, institution sponsorship, staffing, location and liquidity are all briefly dis- cussed. (Author) PB-189 255 HC A06 MF A01 Bureau of Water Hygiene, Rockville, Md. Guidelines and Criteria for Community Water Supplies in the Developing Countries. 1969, 108p Descriptors: 'Water supplies, Management plan- ning, 'Management planning, Government(Foreign), Instruction manuals, Public health, Industries, Agriculture, Costs, Construction, Standards, Training, Maintenance, Quality control, Asia, Latin America. Identifiers: Water resources, Developing countries, AID(Agency for International Development). The report is a synthesis of ideas on guidelines and criteria developed from team surveys of com- munity water supply programs in twelve develop- ing countries, four of them in Asia and eigth in Latin America. The purpose was to examine AID oper- ations in this field and identify those factors con- tributing to the development of successful projects as well as those hindering such development. Chapters are devoted to policies, laws and institu- tions, program planning, capital financing, man- power and training, technical standards, project development, contracts and construction, oper- ation and maintenance, water utility management and developing public support. (Author) PB-189 260 HC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Kingston (Jamaica). Operations Mission. Report of Housing Team of the International Cooperation Administration to the United States Operations Mission, Jamaica. Charles Abrams, James G. Banks, J. Robert Dodge, Marvin S. Gilman, and Kalervo Oberg. Apr 61, 87p Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'Jamaica, Popula- tion, Economics, Sociometrics, Problem solving, Housing, Budgets, Organizations. Identifiers: Squatter communities, * Kingston(Jamaica). The report includes a description of population, economic and social conditions, tax structure, housing programs, and institutions concerned with construction financing. Urban development in the Kingston area is discussed. Recommendations for improving housing, industrial settlement, and strengthening financing methods are made. (Author) PB-189 625 HC A03 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Housing in Ghana. Country report series. 1964, 28p Sponsored by the Agency for International Devel- opment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Housing, 'Ghana, Urban planning, Construction, Wages, Population, Economics, Labor, Statistical data, Rural areas, Foreign aid. Identifiers: Developing countries. The report on housing in Ghana is one of a series of reports on housing and related subjects in de- veloping countries. They are also intended to pro- vide basic information to consultants scheduled to undertake overseas assignments as well as to American businessmen interested in foreign in- vestment. (AID abstract) PB-189 626 HC A02 MF A01 Department of Housing and Unban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Housing in India. Country report series. 1964, 25p Sponsored by the Agency for International Devel- opment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Housing, 'India, Urban planning, Law, Population, Economics, Construction, Labor, Rural areas, Government(Foreign), Statistical data, Research program administration, Foreign aid. Identifiers: Developing countries, Slum clearance. The report on housing in India is one of a series of reports on housing and related subjects in devel- oping countries. They are also intended to provide basic information to consultants schedules to un- dertake overseas assignments as well as to Ameri- can businessmen interested in foreign investment. (AID abstract) PB-189 627 HC A02 MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Housing in Jordan. Country report series. 1965, 21 p Sponsored in part by the Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Housing, 'Jordan, Urban planning, Statistical data, Population, Wages, Construction, Sanitary engineering, Labor, Industrial plants. Identifiers: Developing countries, Construction loans. 42 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The report on housing in Jordan is one of a series of reports on housing and related subjects in de- veloping countries. They are also intended to pro- vide basic information to consultants scheduled to undertake overseas assignments as well as to American businessmen interested in foreign in- vestment. (AID abstract) PB-189 628 HC A05 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Housing and Urban Development Programs: Latin American Bureau. Harold Robinson. 1 Oct 67, 91 p Descriptors: 'Housing, 'Latin America, Urban planning, Rural areas, Economics, Banking, For- eign aid. Construction, Statistical data, Law, Orga- nizations, Wages. Identifiers: Low income housing, Investments, Construction loans, Urbanization. A summary at the beginning of the report includes sections titled: Background, accomplishments and tasks ahead. Other sections provide information on U.S. Congressional action, A.I.D. policy and suggested policy, and descriptions of regional and country programs including objectives, funding and progress. (AID abstract) PB-189 771 HC A03 MF A01 Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Re- sources Center. Economics and Administration of Water Re- sources: Economics and Administration of Water. K. C. Nobe. 30 Jun 69, 26p OWRR-A-005- COLO(8) Descriptors: 'Water supplies, Management plan- ning, 'Colorado, Water supplies, Natural re- sources, Economics, Law, Recreation, Contracts, Rural areas, Colorado. Identifiers: Water resources, Water rights. Progress on three separate phases of the re- search project are outlined: Role of economic base study; Evaluation of special study contracts with state water board; and Recreation property owner liability. PB-189 813 HC A05 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Agricultural Cooperatives and Quasi-Coopera- tives in Ghana, 1951-1965. Marvin P. Miracle, and Ann Seidman. Jul 68, 79p Rept no. LTC-51 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Ghana, 'Economics, Agriculture, History, Organizations, Costs, Money, Labor, Commerce. Identifiers: 'Agriculture economics, Farm coopera- tives, Land titles. The report traces the history of cooperatives in Ghana from 1 928 to 1 965, bases on government records. From the beginning the movement has suffered from government domination, inept man- agement and instability. Single or multi-purpose cooperatives have engaged in a wide range of economic activities: buying, selling, credit, subsi- dies, savings, research, extension and farming. Major successes appear to be in the marketing of export crops. Farmers seem eager enough to join cooperatives but sustained benefits from member- ship are not recorded. (AID abstract) PB-189 816 HC A03 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. An Experimental Cooperative Farming Plan in Chile. William C. Thiesenhusen. Oct 65, 43p Rept no. LTC-8 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Chile, Management planning, Production, Organizations, Wages, Law. Identifiers: 'Cooperative farming, Land reform. The report describes the organization and first- year operations of a small cooperative farm cre- ated by the Catholic Church. The 1 6 farm families are under administrative guidance of a hired ad- ministrator. Credit and technical assistance are fur- nished by INPROA, the church's agency to admin- ister land reform on church properties. Data on farm income and expenses indicate that families earned more during the first year of the coopera- tive than in previous years. They did not earn enough to make payments on land purchased. If management of the cooperative can be improved, the cooperative probably can become free of debt. However, trained or experienced managers are scarce. (Author) PB-189 818 HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Farm Ownership, Political Participation, and Other Social Participation in Central Brazil. J. C. Van Es, and Robert L Whittenbarger. Jul 68, 22p Rept no. LTC-50 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Brazil, 'Economics, Ag- riculture, Political science, Sociology, Organiza- tions, Rural areas. Identifiers: Land titles, Social reforms, 'Agriculture economics. A test was made of the sociological thesis that land ownership is the basis of social class distinc- tions, and, more importantly, wide differences in economic and political power. From 255 to 289 farmers were studied. The findings indicate that the present structure of the rural sector does not provide the non-owners with an opportunity to ef- fectively manage their own interests in the larger society. The virtual exclusion, purposive or not, of non-owners from social and political participation creates an environment in which they depend on more privileged community members to serve as brokers in their relations with the rests of the system.' (AID abstract) PB-189 819 HC A03 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. The Influence of Land Tenure Institutions on the Economic Development of Agriculture in Less Developed Countries. Peter Dorner. Oct 68, 35p Rept no. LTC-55 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Latin America, 'Eco- nomics, Agriculture, Wages, Population, Control systems, Management planning, Money, Public re- lations. Identifiers: 'Land tenure, Developing countries, Rural to urban migration, Investments. The document discusses the influence of land tenure systems upon income distribution and demand consequences, economic and political power distribution, investments in agriculture and supply consequences, investments in other sec- tors of the economy, and premature farm to city migrations. The existing relationships resulting from semi-feudal tenure systems are discussed. (AID abstract) PB-189 820 HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Frei Unveils New Agrarian Reform Bill. Marion R. Brown. Dec 65, 19p Rept no. LTC-11 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Chile, 'Law, Agricul- ture, Management planning, Public relations, Pop- ulation, Control systems, Rural areas, Economics. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Frei Eduardo. The document describes features of the agrarian reform bill proposed to the Chilean Senate. Land- owners can retain 80 hectares of land, and up to 320 hectares under certain conditions. Expropriat- ed lands are paid for at tax assessed value. Also, compensation for improvements will be made. Each annual payment will be readjusted to 70 per- cent of the rise of the cost of living and will include interest at 3 percent. The purchaser must live on the farm, keep up his payments, and join a cooper- ative. He cannot sell, divide, or give away his land without permission from CORA. The state can hold title to the land no longer than three years. Water rights are to be defined and administered under the proposed Bill. (AID abstract) PB-189 831 HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Fitting Agricultural Extension to the Develop- ment Needs of Colombia. Herman Felstehausen. Nov 68, 21 p Rept no. LTC-57 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Colombia, 'Government(Foreign), Management planning, Organizations, Production control, Models(Simulations), Reviews, Inequalities, Eco- nomics. Identifiers: Agricultural extension services, Devel- oping countries. The document analyzes the agricultural extension services in Colombia. The three largest organiza- tions in this field employ 1400 full-time workers. These workers do not reach small farmers with less than 5 hectares. PB-189 917 HC A03 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Agrarian Reform in the Dominican Republic: The Views of Four Consultants. Peter Dorner, C. W. Loomer, Raymond Penn, and Joseph Thome. Dec 67, 48p Rept no. LTC- 42 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Dominican Republic, Population, Government(Foreign), Distribution(Economics), Rural areas, Agriculture, Law, Reviews. Identifiers: Land repossession, Land reform, Credit, State owned lands. The document contains three papers on what should be done about distribution of state-owned and repossessed (from Trujillo) lands. Since 60 to 70 percent of the population were in agriculture and from 25 to 30 percent of the people were un- employed, the distribution of lands and titles free to 20,000 farm families seemed reasonable. One percent of all existing farms contained 54 percent of all land in farms, while 50 percent of all farms were smaller than 2.5 acres each. The government could distribute nearly one million acres to as many as 48,000 families. (AID abstract) PB-189 919T HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Lan Tenure Center. Integrating the Rural Market into the National Economy of Mexico. Delbert T. Myren. Jun 68, 1 3p Rept no. LTC-46 Trans, of Comercio Exterior (Mexico) v17 n9 p706ff Sep 67. Presented at the Primer Congreso Nacional de Mercadotecnia, 21-23 Jul 1966, Cuer- navaca, Morelos, Mexico. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Mexico, 'Rural areas, Commerce, Population, Sociometrics, Agriculture, Fertilizers, Money, Management planning, Re- views. Identifiers: Translations. The document has classified Mexico's agriculture into three sectors: A modern, commercial farming sector which consists of 20 percent of the farm families, a growing transitional sector which in- cludes a rough 45 percent of the farm families, and the traditional or subsistence sector - 35 percent of the farm families. No mass market for consumer goods will come into being, the author says, until 80 percent of the farmers sharply increase their purchasing power. PB-189 920T HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. 43 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Agrarian Reform, Land Purchase and Industri- alization In Peru. John Strasma. 1969, 22p Rept no. LTC-1 Trans, of Trimestre Economico (Mexico) v32(3) n1 27 p484-500 Jul/Sep 65. Descriptors: "Economics, *Peru, 'Terrain, Man- agement planning, Law, Government(Foreign), In- dustries, Money, Rural areas, Sociometrics, Re- views. Identifiers: *Land reform, Translations, Land ex- propriation, Financing, Land owners. The paper discusses a proposal for financing agrarian reform and stimulating industrialization in Peru. It is pointed out that the landowners would receive generous compensation for their lands in the form of marketable inflation-proof securities, with support or guarantees by international organi- zations or foreign governments. PB-189 925 HC A09 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Wash- ington, D.C. Latin American Usoms Seminar on Agrarian Reform, Santiago, Chile, Feb. 21 - 24, 1961. 1961, 193p PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE NOT FULLY LEGIBLE. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Latin America, 'Ter- rain, Management planning, Symposia, Econom- ics, Organizations, Problem solving, Standards, Employment, Sociometrics, Law. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Land ownership, Eco- nomic development, Farm size, Squatter farmers. The purpose of the seminar was to discuss land reform policies and programs and their place in the economic development of Latin Anerican coun- tries; to make an appraisal of existing physical, human and institutional resources for carrying out such programs; and to determine the nature and amount of external assistance required from var- ious agencies. (AID abstract) PB-189 966 HC E99 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Problems and Conflicts over Land Ownership in Boliva. Ronald James Clark. Aug 68, 25 Rept no. LTC- 49 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'South America, 'Ter- rain, Distribution, Money, Law, Rural areas. Identifiers: Agricultural development, 'Land tenure, Land use, 'Bolivia. The report describes two general types of conflict that have resulted from the delay in giving legal land titles to peasants for holdings as specified by the 1952 land reform program. The first kind of conflict arises between displaced landlords and the new owners. The second type results from land grabbing by peasants, competing claims for land owned by deceased peasants, disputes in- volving common lands, and claims based on sup- posedly legal titles. Landlords still exploit peasants by loaning them money at high interest rates, and by persuading them to sell the land back to the landlord at low prices. (AID abstract) PB-189 969 HC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Manila (Philippines). Land Reform in the Philippines 1950-1958. Rept. for Dec 55-Apr 58 Frate Bull. 1958, 94p PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE NOT FULLY LEGIBLE. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Philippines, 'Terrain, Management planning, Agriculture, Law, Popula- tion, Federal budgets, Organizations, Money. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Land tenure, Landlord tenant relationships, Land ownership. The publication covers two projects on land tenure. It deals with tenancy after World War 2 and with actions to improve the farm tenancy situation, sets up objectives, and describes accomplish- ments and unsolved land reform problems in 1 958. PB-189 972 HC A07 MF A01 Iowa Universities Mission to Peru. Economic Development Through Agrarian Reform in the Central Sierra of Peru. Economic study Enrique Vigues-Roig. Jun 67, 1 50p Rept no. Iowa Peru ES-1 Prepared in cooperation with Agency for Interna- tional Development, Lima, Peru. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Peru, 'Terrain, Man- agement planning, Problem solving, Agriculture, Mathematical models, Factor analysis, Organiza- tions, Statistical data, Population, Sociometrics. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Economic development, Gross national product, Central Sierra region(Peru). The report analyzes the conditions under which agrarian reform in Peru can be used to promote economic development. It describes problems en- countered in the land reform program with respect to land valuation and land expropriation. PB-189 973 HC A02 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. The Role of the Ejldo in Mexican Land Reform. Discussion paper Nathan L. Whetten. May 63, 8p Rept no. DP-3 Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Mexico, 'Terrain, Man- agement planning, Law, Population, Transforma- tions, Control systems, Sociometrics, Rural areas, Agriculture. Identifiers: Ejido system, 'Land reform, Collective farms, Socioeconomic status. The document is concerned with the ejido system in Mexico, one in which the property rights in land are vested in the community. A farmer may be given use of the land for his lifetime, and he might pass it on to an heir but he may not sell it, nor can he rent it. If he does not work it for two years in succession, it will be taken away and assigned to some one else. The author points out the ejido system has served a very valuable purpose but it now needs revision to meet changing social condi- tions in Mexico. PB-189 976 HC A03 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Freedom and Development. Rural Decision- Making and Agricultural Development. Richard W. Patch. Jul 66, 37p Rept no. LTC-22 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, Economics, 'Econom- ics, 'South America, 'Management planning, Agri- culture, 'Peru, Agriculture, Rural areas, Decision making, Production, Attitudes, Population. Identifiers: Agricultural development, 'Bolivia. The subsistence farmer has little freedom of choice in his decisions, as he must produce to sur- vive. Freedom to decide, to experiment and to risk is infinitely greater among commercial farmers. Patch contrasts peasants in Cochabamba, Bolivia where land reform transpired with highland peas- ants of Peru where no reforms had occurred. The Bolivian peasant functions in an environment con- ducive to development, with considerable freedom of choice. The Peruvian peasant is a near-serf with almost no freedom. The Bolivian peasant has im- proved his economic, social and political statuses since land reform in 1953. He seels more products and he buys more goods produced in the city. The highlander is no longer an Indian; he is a person, and with increasing independence. The Peruvian neighbor has experienced no comparable changes. (Author) PB-189 984 HC A04 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Teguci- galpa (Honduras). Honduran Agrarian Reform Law. Report Number 2. Recommendations for Implementa- tion. John C. O'Byrne. 1966, 63p Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Honduras, 'Law, Ter- rain, Law, Agriculture, Effectiveness, Reviews, Money. Identifiers: Squatter land, 'Land reform, Economic development, Credit, Taxes. The report is a review of the 1 963 Honduran agrar- ian reform law. The purpose of the study is to de- termine whether the existing law is workable and meets the needs of the various intended parties or whether the law and amendments are totally usable. The report makes an analysis of the prob- lems and sets forth recommendations which in- clude suggestions to amend the present law to up- grade the agrarian reform agency; assure the com- panies that the government is deeply concerned with their welfare; and encourage and protect in- vestment in agriculture as a means of promoting social and economic improvement. (AID abstract) PB-189 987 t HC A03 MF A01 Iowa Universities Mission to Peru. Economic Development Through Agrarian Reform in Peru. Part I. Nature of and Relation- ships Between Agrarian Reform and Economic Development. Part II. Analytical Structural Change Model for Analyzing Agrarian Reform Structures and Remedial Alternatives in the Sierra. John F. Timmons, and John C. O'Byrne. 1 964, 35p Contract ICAC-2226 Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Peru, 'Terrain, Man- agement planning, Agriculture, Problem solving, Population, Sociometrics, Money, Statistical data, Attitudes. Mathematical models, Training. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Central Sierra region(Peru), Economic development. The report sets forth a method for analyzing de- fects in the agrarian land system and proposes re- medial action with special reference to the Sierra. A model is formulated projecting agrarian reform as part of an integrated approach to economic and social development of the national economy. In- cluded are goals and targets for agrarian reform. PB-189 988 HC A10 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Manila (Philippines). The Rural Philippines. Generoso F. Rivera, and Robert T. McMillan. Oct 52, 21 6p Descriptors: 'Philippines, Economics, Geography, Rural areas, Social sciences, Population, Agricul- ture. Identifiers: Land tenure. The first part of the book is a pictorial story of rural life in the Philippines. It describes group life, cul- ture, and natural resources of the Philippines. The section on population deals with numbers, distribu- tion, age, sex, race, occupation, fertility, mortality and income. Agriculture in the Philippines is the chief source of livelihood for a large majority of the rural population. The intricate problems associated with Philippine agriculture are largely man-made, namely the smallness of the farms, insecure farm tenancy, shortage of farm credit, a lag in new farm- ing methods, decreasing soil fertility and many others. Major institutions are directly related to the family, to ways of getting and using wealth and to religion, government, education, health, welfare and recreation. (AID abstract) PB-189 989 HC A03 MF A01 Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Land Tenure Center. Rural to Urban Migration: A Colombian Case. Research paper William L Flinn. Jul 66, 45p Rept no. RP-19 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. 44 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Descriptors: "Agriculture, Economics, •Econom- ics, 'Colombia, Population, Urban areas, Rural areas, Labor, Employment, Sociology, Housing. Identifiers: 'Urban migration. The report presents the reasons for movement of farmers to urban areas It discusses how rural to urban migration creates socio-economic develop- ment problems in both rural and urban sectors. The slum dwellers in shanty towns around cities believe that their housing, sanitation facilities, income, medical services, and education for chil- dren were better in the urban slums than in vil- lages. Very few expressed a desire to return to rural areas. (AID abstract) PB-189 991 HC A06 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Manila (Philippines). A Special Study of Landed Estates in the Philip- pines: Analysis and Findings. Arturo P. Sorongon. 22 Aug 55, 124p Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Philippines, 'Terrain, Distribution, Money, Law, Agriculture, Urban areas, Rural areas, Industries, Questionnaires, Analysis, Statistical data. Identifiers: Landed estates, Land assessment, Land use. The purpose of the report is to develop for the De- partment of Finance: (1) an analysis of the extent of distribution of large landholdings in the Philip- pines and (2) necessary statistical information on landed estates. (Author) PB-189 992 HC A05 MF A01 International Development Services, Inc., Wash- ington, D.C. Analysis and Recommendations on the Agrar- ian Reform Program in Ecuador. Keith Himebaugh, Frank V. Beck, and Lisa Lekis. 15 Nov 66, 93p Rept no. P-6628 Contract AID-51 8-1 62 Descriptors: 'Agriculture, Economics, 'Econom- ics, Ecuador, Money, Sociology, Population, Rural areas, Production. Identifiers: Agriculture economics, Agrarian reform. The study gives a report on the financial problems of the Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agraria y Co- lonizacion (IERAC) which is the Ecuadoran agency for agrarian reform. Only $21 ,31 9,1 53 equivalent in agrarian reform bonds have been issued since the enactment of the law. As a result of the shortage of bonds, important phases of the program are coming to a halt. Ecuador is reaching the practical limit of its ability to use foreign loans. It discusses other financial problems of IERAC and presents nine recommendations for present and future op- eration of this organization. (AID abstract) PB-189 994 HC A05 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Saigon (Republic of South Vietnam). Studies of Land Tenure in Viet Nam (Terminal Report). J. Price Gittinger. Dec 59, 89p Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Vietnam, 'Terrain, Management planning, Reviews, Leadership, Government(Foreign), Population, Communism, Money, Attitudes, Transformations, Law. Identifiers: Land tenure, Collective farms. The pamphlet is an account of land tenure in Viet Nam over a four-year period ending in 1 959. It ex- plains the major agrarian reform policies of the then President of Viet Nam, Ngo Dinh Diem and gives a general description of progress in agrarian reform. Also considered are communal land con- cepts in recent Vietnamese policy, Communist land policy in North Viet Nam, rent reduction and tenure security in free Viet Nam, the Vietnamese land transfer program, and basic Vietnamese land tenure legislation. (AID abstract) PB-189 996 HC A11 MF A01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Land Reform in Vietnam. Summary rept. Dec 68, 240p Contract AID/VN -8 See also Volume 1 , Part 1 , PB-1 89 997. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Vietnam, 'Terrain, Management planning, Law, Attitudes, Population, Government(Foreign), Agriculture, Communism, Economics, Rural areas, Urban areas, Sociome- trics. Identifiers: Land reform, Land ownership, Viet Cong, Socioeconomic status. The summary volume is a distillation of the infor- mation contained in the other volumes of the report. It is designed to provide the essential factu- al base on which rational land tenure policies in Viet Nam could be formulated. PB-190 000 HC A08 MF A01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Land Reform In Vietnam Working Papers. Volume III. The Viet Cong. Donn E. Seeley, R. Michael Pearce, and Pual S. Taylor. Nov 68, 154p Contract AID/VN-8 See also Volume 4 Part 1, PB-190 001, Volume 2, PB-189 999, and PB-189 996. Limited number of copies -containing color other than black and white are available until stock is exhausted. Reproduc- tions will be made in black and white only. POR- TIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE NOT FULLY LEGIBLE. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Vietnam, 'Terrain, Management planning, 'Communism, Impact, Population, Attitudes, Insurgency, Rural areas, Social psychology, Fear, Commerce, Agriculture, Reviews. Identifiers: Land reform, Viet Cong, Landlord tenant relationships. The volume describes the impact of Viet Cong ac- tivities on GVN land reform policies and on the rights of the landowners and tenants guaranteed them under the laws of the Republic of Vietnam. Detailed descriptions of Viet Cong land reform poli- cies and practices are presented to provide a basis for assessing the feasibility of land reform meas- ures in an environment of insecurity. PB-190 001 HC A09 MF A01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Land Reform in Vietnam Working Papers. Volume IV, Part 1. Surveys and Analyses Relat- ed to Land Tenure Issues. Nov 68, 186p Contract AID/VN-8 See also Volume 3, PB-190 000, Volume 4 Part 2, PB-190 002, and PB-189 996. Descriptors: 'Economics, 'Vietnam, 'Terrain, Management planning, Reviews, Population, Rural areas, Transformations, Sociometrics, Agriculture, Distribution(Economics), Attitudes, Statistical data. Identifiers: Land reform, Land tenure, Land expro- priation, Landlord tenant relationships, Socioeco- nomic status. The document presents the major findings and analysis regarding attitudes and opinions of rural people of all status groups derived from a resident survey and an absentee landlord survey. Factual data on the size, distribution of land, ownership and land use, when combined with the attitudes and opinions recorded, become the basis for a ten- tative analysis of what direction land distribution policy might have to take to make suitable impacts on the rural population. PB-190 131 HC A09 MF A01 International Cooperation Administration, Manila (Philippines). An Economic and Social Survey of Rural Households in Central Luzon. Generoso F. Rivera, and Robert T. McMillan. Jun 54, 197p Descriptors: 'Philippines, 'Economics, 'Social sci- ences, Philippines, Agriculture, Employment, Wages, Population. Identifiers: Land tenure, Luzon Island. The report describes the size of farms; landlord- tenant relationships; income; expenses; capital; credit; employment; wages; and levels of living among 2,500 rural households of nine villages in high tenancy areas of central Luzon. Rapid popula- tion growth, an inequitable land tenure system, and lagging farm technology serverely hinder agricul- tural and rural development. (AID abstract) PB-190 674 HC A05 MF A01 Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. Office of International Health. Community Water Supply In Developing Coun- tries. A Quarter-Century of United States As- sistance. Frederick E. McJunkin. 1969, 95p Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Foreign aid, Water supplies, 'Water supplies, Government(Foreign), Southeast Asia, Vietnam, Africa, Latin America. Identifiers: Developing nations. South Vietnam. The report discusses the role of water supply in developing countries; the highlights of AID efforts to improve community water supplies on a world- wide basis with brief reports on typical activities country-by-country, but grouped on a regional basis, i.e. Near East and South Asia, East Asia and Viet-Nam, Africa, and Latin America. (Author) PB-190 675 HC A99 MF A01 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Center for Com- parative Political Analysis. Bibliography on Planned Social Change (With Special Reference to Rural Development and Educational Development). Volume I. Periodi- cal Literature. Richard Blue, Robert T. Holt, John E. Turner, Richard Erikson, and David Garnham. 1 Jan 67, 693p* See also Volume 2, PB-1 90 676. Descriptors: 'Sociometrics, Transformations, 'Foreign aid, 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Rural areas, Economics, Agriculture, Education, Political science. Management planning, Attitudes, Africa, Asia, South America, Central America, West Indies, Pacific Ocean Islands, Europe, North Amer- ica. Identifiers: 'Planned social change, Annotated bibliographies, 'Foreign rural development, Devel- oping countries. The bibliography was prepared primarily to support the major research endeavors of the CIC-AID rural development research project. It is presented in preliminary form primarily for project use. Since a theoretical treatment of economic development in historical context and a specific analysis of a con- temporary developing country are both relevant, the bibliography covers a wide range of materials. (Author) PB-190 676 HC A10 MF A01 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Center for Com- parative Political Analysis. Bibliography on Planned Social Change (With Special Reference to Rural Development and Educational Development). Volume II. Books and Book Length Monographs. Richard Blue, Robert T. Holt, John E. Turner, Richard Erikson, and David Garnham. 1 Jan 67, 21 4p* See also Volume 1 , PB-1 90 675 and Volume 3, PB- 190 677. Descriptors: 'Sociometrics, Transformations, 'Foreign aid, 'Bibliographies, Political science, Education, Agriculture, Economics, Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, New Guinea, New Zealand, Management planning. Identifiers: Annotated bibliographies, 'Planned social change, Books, 'Foreign rural development, Developing countries. The document, the second volume in a 3 part report on planned social change in developing 45 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES countries, contains an annotated bibliography on foreign rural development. PB-190 677 HC A09 MF A01 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Center for Com- parative Political Analysis. Bibliography on Planned Social Change (With Special Reference to Rural Development and Educational Development). Volume III. Govern- ment Reports, U.N. Reports and Proceedings of Special Conferences. Richard Blue, Robert T. Holt, John E. Turner, Richard Erikson, and David Garnham. 1 Jan 67, 196p* See also Volume 1 , PB-1 90 675. Descriptors: *Sociometrics, Transformations, 'Foreign aid, 'Bibliographies, Economics, Agricul- ture, Education, Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America, Pacific Ocean Islands, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America. Identifiers: Annotated bibliographies, 'Planned social change, Foreign rural development, Devel- oping countries. The document, the third volume of a three part bib- liography on planned social change in developing countries, contains government reports, UN re- ports, and proceedings of conferences on foreign rural development. PB-191 034 HC A02 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Urban Development, Including Housing. Bibliography' series. 1 Apr 70, 25p* Rept no. Development Administration-7 Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'Bibliographies, 'Housing, Foreign aid, Northern hemisphere, Southern hemisphere, Government(Foreign), Fed- eral budgets, Reports, Reviews. Identifiers: 'Annotated bibliographies, Developing countries. An annotated bibliography is given, mainly of publi- cations of the U.S. Agency for International Devel- opment in the field of urban development, includ- ing housing. Many of the publications were devel- oped under contract to AID by the Office of Inter- national Affairs, U.S. Development of Housing and Urban Development. PB-191 721 HC A02 MF A01 Central Piedmont Regional Council of Local Gov- ernments, N.C. Citizen Participation. Mar 70, 15p* Sponsored in part by Department of Housing and Urban Development. Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'North Carolina, 'Public opinion, Decision making, Management planning, Public relations, Organizations, Leader- ship, Questionnaires, Rural areas. Identifiers: Minority groups, 'Citizen planning par- ticipation, Central Piedmont region, Low income groups, 'Regional planning, Counties. The initial citizen participation element provides the means for determining the extent of present citizen participation in local public planning and de- cision-making throughout the region and for finding ways and means to strengthen and support mean- ingful citizen involvement from a regional planning point of view. (Author) PB-192 431 HC A07 MF A01 Rensselaer County Dept. of Planning and Promo- tion, Troy, N.Y. Water Supply and Sewage Disposal. 1968, 128p Descriptors: 'Management planning, New York, 'Water supplies, Statistical analysis, 'Sewage, Disposal, Population, Volume, Costs, Analysis, Statistical data, Urban areas, Rural areas, Storms, Drainage, Maps. Identifiers: 'Rensselaer County(New York), 'Area planning and development, 'Cost analysis. These facilities have been separately examined but are included in a single report. The section of water supply consists of a basic inventory of the existing water systems, their capacity, the number of people served, and the per capita consumption. Also presented is a cost analysis for each commu- nity serviced. The section on sewers includes an inventory of the existing sewers and storm water facilities and explanations of the districts proposed by the County, one of the towns, and by three of the villages. Appropriate maps and cost estimates for the new districts are also included. (Author) PB-192 635 HC A04 MF A01 Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Water Re- sources Inst. A Hydrometeorological Study Related to the Distribution of Precipitation and Runoff over Small Drainage Basins - Urban Versus Rural Areas. Technical rept. Robert G. Feddes, Robert A. Clark, and R. C. Runnels. Jun 70, 74p TR-28, OWRR-A-010- TEX(1) Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -1864, DI-1 4-3 1-0001- 3044 Descriptors: 'Hydrology, Texas, 'Atmospheric precipitation, Drainage, Urban areas, Rural areas, Storms, Floods, Rainfall, Correlation techniques, Rivers, Inland waterways, Mathematical predic- tion. Identifiers: BryanfTexas), Watersheds, Stream- flow, Urbanization, Surface water runoff, Synthetic prediction of Hydrographs. The effects of urbanization on streamflow are in- vestigated for two adjacent similar watersheds lo- cated in and near Bryan, Texas. The Burton Creek watershed is 84 per cent urbanized and the Hudson Creek watershed is completely rural. Storms observed within each basin are used for comparison of pertinent hydrograph parameters. Simultaneous events are compared between the watersheds and the urbanization effect noted. A synthetic procedure for predicting hydrographs on both watersheds is developed. Reproduction of actual events indicates better results in the rural watershed. There is conclusive evidence that the urbanization of a watershed decreases time-to- peak and increases the peak discharge. (WRSIC abstract) PB-192 726 HC A04 MF A01 Missouri Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Atmospheric Science. Estimates of Potential Productivity from the Climatology of Solar Energy. Final rept. 1 May 70, 67p Grant Cwb-WBG-37 Descriptors: 'Corn, Production, 'Solar radiation, Agriculture, Photosynthesis, Sunspots, Attenu- ation, Scattering, Absorption, Heat flux, Atmos- phere models, Water vapor, Cloud cover, Statisti- cal data. Identifiers: Solar flux. The report deals with climatological evaluation and concerns an experimental study of the energy jjse by a corn canopy. (Author) PB-192 750 HC A04 MF A01 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Inst, for Research on Land and Water Resources. Simplification of Integrated Stormwater Plan- ning for Modern Multiple Land Use in Urban and Suburban Developments. Project technical completion rept. Brian M. Reich. 31 Mar 70, 62p* OWRR-B-010- PA(1) Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -1046 Descriptors: 'Hydrology, Management planning, 'Storms, Drainage, 'Urban areas, Drainage, Urban areas, Rural areas, Terrain, Floods, Control, Math- ematical models, Programming(Computers), Stor- age, Dams, Deterrence, Design. Identifiers: 'Synthetic hydrographs, 'Flood rout- ing, Surface water runoff, Watersheds. Four synthetic hydrograph methods were applied on five watersheds in hopes of simplifying planning decisions for reserved space in valley bottoms of suburbia headwaters. Both hydrograph and routing procedures were programmed for digital computer evaluation for the more than 300 cases consid- ered. General conclusions include the following. (1) No simple rules can be given on width of flood- ways to planners. Each case must be individually investigated. (2) Computer methods greatly facili- tate routing and synthetic hydrograph computa- tions. (3) Generalizations are impossible because interactions occur between the method used, the return period, and the percentage of the watershed above the reservoir among others. (4) A great need exists for data-based methods for predicting suburban design hydrographs in ungaged situa- tions. (5) A new course on urban hydrology was developed from the studies results. The course is designed to teach hydrologists the modern tech- niques which are being developed to solve this set of urban problems. (WRSIC abstract) PB-192 794 HC A03 MF A01 Road Research Lab., Crowthorne (England). Representative Rural Catchments In Kenya and Uganda. D. Fiddes, and J. A. Forsgate. 1 970, 35p Rept no. RRL-LR318 Descriptors: 'Drainage, Subsaharan Africa, Rain- fall, Networks, Containers, Terrain, Soils, Swamps, Fluid flow, Permeability, Hydraulic models, Floods, Storage, Rural areas, Kenya, Great Britain. Identifiers: 'Catchments, Surface water runoff, Culverts, Uganda. The report describes networks of small rural catch- ments throughout Kenya and Uganda. The pur- pose of these is to provide data for the develop- ment of a design method for the estimation of wa- terway sizes for small bridges and culverts. The six catchments in each country are described. They have been sited to provide information on the effect on the runoff hydrograph of the following catchment parameters: (a) area, (b) spatial and temporal rainfall variability, (c) topography and soil type, (d) swamp. For each catchment a rainfall runoff correlation will be prepared, and unit hydro- graphs isolated. (Author) PB-193 242 HCA11MFA01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Center for International Studies. The Role of Popular Participation in Develop- ment. Max F. Millikan, Lucian W. Pye, and David Hapgood. Nov 68, 239p Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment, Washington, D.C. Report of a Confer- ence on the Implementation of Title IX of the For- eign Assistance Act, held at the Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Endicott House, Dedham, Mass., 24 Jun to 2 Aug 68. Descriptors: 'Sociometrics, Foreign policy, 'For- eign aid, Symposia, Organizations, Decision making, Attitudes, Social psychology, Personnel management, Training, Research program admin- istrator Management planning, Department of Defense, Money. Identifiers: 'Economic development, 'Developing countries, Management information systems, In- ternational relations. The report summarizes the discussions, findings and recommendations of a six-week conference on foreign assistance. Half the participants were academic specialists and half were from AID staffs in Washington or in overseas missions. Chapters are devoted to the meaning of foreign assistance, foreign policy implications, AID and non AID instru- ments for implementing foreign assistance, as- sessment of programs, and suggested changes in organization, research, recruitment and training. (AID abstract) PB-193 332 HC A04 MF A01 Capital District Regional Planning Commission, Albany, N.Y. Sewer and Water Facilities Analysis. Jul 70, 63p 46 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Paper copy available from Capital District Regional Planning Commission, Barney Road Clubhouse, Clifton Knolls, Elnora, N.Y. 12065. Descriptors: 'Management planning, Water sup- plies, Water supplies, Statistical analysis, "Sani- tary engineering, "New York, Rural areas, Sewage, Site selection, Dams, Wastes(Sanitary engineer- ing), Disposal, Tables, Maps. Identifiers: Area planning and development. Inventory and analysis of both existing and planned public water systems and sewerage sys- tems in the four-county region. The adequacy of water supply and sewerage planning in each county to qualify for initial HUD certification has been evaluated. Additional planning consider- ations are pointed out if the planning in any area is not adequate. Maps are developed to show the lo- cations of existing and planned water and sewer facilties and the service area of each system. Perti- nent data of each system are also collected and summarized in tables. (Author) PB-193 553 MF A01 Economic Development Administration, Washing- ton, D.C. Formula for Growth: How to Make an Industrial Site Survey. Oct 69, 30p Paper copy available from Superintendent of Doc- uments, GPO, Washington, D.C. 20402. $0.30 as C48.8:IN2. Descriptors: "Industries, "Site selection, "Urban areas, Industries, Terrain, Factor analysis, Urban planning, Rural areas, Mapping, Aerial photo- graphs, Roads, Water supplies, Sanitary engineer- ing, Hydrology, Law, Handbooks. Identifiers: 'Industrial sites, Economic develop- ment, Area planning and development, Zoning, Tax rates. A firm seeking a location for a new plant needs a site ideal for both present use and future expan- sion. To back its efforts to attract new industry, a local economic development organization must be fully prepared to supply information on individual plant sites in the area and to point out the unique advantages of each site. The guide explains how to identify sites ideal for industry and how to as- semble this information for use in attracting new and expanding companies. Straw, Waste papers, Employment, Pulping, Feasi- bility. Identifiers: Straw based pulping, "Technical assist- ance, Mobridge(South Dakota). The concept of establishing a mill to manufacture corrugating medium on land owned by the Stand- ing Rock Sioux Indian Tribe in the vicinity of Mo- bridge, South Dakota has been to take advantage of one of the area's abundant and relatively little- used resources, wheat straw, as a principal ingre- dient. The specific purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the availability of sufficient straw to sup- port the proposed mill; (2) to determine various cost elements attendant to the collection and stor- age of straw and the availability and procurement costs of the other principal ingredient of the mill's output - waste paper. (Author) PB-194 589 HC A03 MF A01 Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. Office of Chief Engineer. Annual Report of Phreatophyte Activitles- 1968. Technical rept. Philip M. Turner. Jul 70, 29p Rept no. REC-OCE- 70-27 Descriptors: "Phreatophytes, Control, "Herbicides, Phreatophytes, Weed control, Spraying, Agricultur- al machinery, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Soil water, Water conservation, Semiarid land, Ari- zona, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico. Bureau of Reclamation activities on phreatophyte research and control are described. Regional re- search contracts have been negotiated with uni- versities in Arizona and Nevada. At Denver, Colo., saltcedar plants are greenhouse- and nursery-cul- tured and used as test specimens for foliar-applied herbicides. Herbicides are evaluated on saltcedar in plots along the Arkansas River near North Avon- dale, Colo. Helicopter herbicide spraying was per- formed on 920 acres (372 ha) of saltcedar at Rye Patch Reservoir by the Bureau of the Pershing County Water Conservation District. 1 4,000 acres (5,667 ha) of phreatophytes have been removed from the Colorado Indian Reservation near Parker, Ariz., since 1965. Phreatophytes have been con- trolled by tree crusher, root plow, cutter dozer, and spraying on 38,600 acres (15,645 ha) along the Pecos River in New Mexico. (Author) Evaluation of an Experimental Fish Reduction Process Applicable to Small Fisheries. Jul 70, 165p* EDACOMM-70-012 Descriptors: "Economic development, Fisheries, "Fresh water fishes, Processing, Aquatic animals, Pesticides, Removal, Cost analysis, Feeding stuffs, Animal nutrition, Production capacity, Market research. Identifiers: "Mink industry, Fishcare, Pressfish, Technical assistance projects. The study is concerned with use of freshwater fish for mink food. Feeding trails with presscake are described. Recommendations indicate that press- cake offers considerable promise in the mink in- dustry. Additional research is recommended. An implementation program makes technical assist- ance available to anyone showing interest in pro- duction or use of presscake. (BCF abstract). PB-195 226 HC A10 MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. The Economics of Fish Protein Concentrate. Sep 70, 202p* MSC-71-69 Descriptors: "Fish protein concentrates, "Eco- nomic analysis, "Developing countries, Fish pro- tein concentrates, Cost estimates, Nutritive value, Food habits, International trade, Chile, Capital, Infant nutrition, Fishing. The report examines the economic feasibility of fish protein concentrate (FPC) in two contexts: (1 ) As a nutritional supplement in the diet of a devel- oping country; and (2) as a competitive food addi- tive in the United States. These subjects are exam- ined with special reference to the role that the United States Government should play in the de- velopment of FPC. The Report recommends that: Efforts to tie the FPC program to the domestic fish- eries should be resisted; a reasoned, broadbased program of research into the basic technology of FPC is one of the better investments that the U.S. could presently make, and that such a program should be supported and strengthened; and the Aberdeen, Washington pilot scale FPC processing plant should be developed into a flexible, pilot scale testing center for a variety of processes and combinations of processes. A bibliography of 1 1 3 references is included. (Author) PB-194 368 HC A09 MF A01 Kansas Dept. of Economic Development. A Design Study on the Economic Use of Agri- cultural Wastes in Kansas. Kansas planning for development. Jan 69, 183p* Rept no. 25 Prepared in cooperation with Theracon, Inc., Topeka, Kans. and Kansas Economic Develop- ment Commission. Descriptors: "Agricultural wastes, Utilization, "Waste disposal, Effectiveness, "Economic devel- opment, "Kansas, Management planning, Benefit cost analysis, Research projects, Environmental engineering, Water pollution, Control. The report represents a study of agricultural wastes in Kansas and the technology available for economic utilization. The principal wastes that may provide raw materials for profitable utilization are identified and data on location and quantity of each waste are presented. The most important ag- ricultural waste in Kansas comes from large cattle feedlots. Since disposal is costly to the cattle feed- ing industry utilization technology is sought to pro- vide raw material for economic development. (Author) PB-194 391 HC A03 MF A01 Ernst and Ernst, Washington, D.C. Study of Raw Material Costs for a Proposed Straw-Based Pulping Mill in the Vicinity of Mo- bridge, South Dakota. Aug 70, 36p EDACOMM-70-001 Contract C-9-35084 Descriptors: "Pulp mills, "Cost estimates, "Eco- nomic development, "South Carolina, Corrugating, PB-194 757 HC A06 MF A01 California State Dept. of Housing and Community Development, Sacramento. Demonstration in Low-Cost Housing Tech- niques. Final rept. Charles R. LeMenager, Ed Bowe, and Dean C. Hill. Jun70, 11 Op* Contract HUD-H-650 Descriptors: "Residential buildings, "California, "Rural areas, Residential buildings, Construction management, Cost analysis, Construction materi- als, Drawings, Evaluation, Factor analysis, Statisti- cal data, Time. Identifiers: Low cost housing, Demonstration pro- jects. The low income housing demonstration project is part of the search for means of developing housing to be utilized for low income domestic and often migratory farm workers in the western states. The objective was to study methods of construction, building materials and supplies, and building plans in three California areas which would produce inex- pensive housing. A total of 28 units were built using a variety of construction techniques. Studies of the units and their occupants have been made and the results are recorded. The report reflects building costs and building construction features, as well as the amenities or undesirable features of these structures as seen through the eyes of profession- al building evaluators, housing authority officials, and the residents themselves. (Author) PB-195 052 HC A08 MF A01 Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Mich. PB-195 291 HCA18MFA01 Charles River Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Choice of Transport Technology under Vary- ing Factor Endowments in Less Developed Countries. Final rept. 30 Jan 69-30 Jun 70 Paul Roberts. Jun 70, 409p* Rept no. CRA-3- 138-30 Contract DOT-OS-A9-003 See also PB-1 95 292 and PB-1 95 293. Descriptors: "Transportation, "Developing coun- tries, "Economic development, Transportation, "Project planning, Transportation, Economic anal- ysis, Management methods, Highway transporta- tion, Rail transportation, Factor analysis, Substi- tutes, Benefit cost analysis, Traffic engineering, Transportation models, Air transportation. Identifiers: Technology. The study was undertaken to assist developing countries in making economically rational choices in transport technologies-and thus to assist in their economic development and eventually to reduce the need for external capital assistance. The study uses cost simulation models for road, rail and air transport modes to develop guidelines for planners, taking account of the varying condi- tions of factor endowments (i.e., availabilities of labor, capital, and other resources) in the develop- ing countries. Investment decisions involving choice of technology and mode may be expected to be sensitive to differences in prices of inputs. The sample problems of the report concern: A comparison of investment in a new rail facility and in a new road to serve a route between two traffic centers (nodes); and an evaluation of the various trade-offs involving vehicle technology and airport investment. (DOT abstract) 47 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES PB-195 315 HCA12MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume I. Land Reform in India. Country papers, 2nd ed. Gene Wunderlich, Walter C. Neale, F. Tomasson Jannuzi, and Ronald G. Ridker. Jun 70, 268p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-20, SR/LR/C-21 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-22, SR/LR/B-4. See also Volume 2, PB-1 95 316. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, 'India, Legislation, Land titles, Economic surveys, Demography, Sociome- trics, Agriculture, Foreign aid, Revisions, Urbaniza- tion. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on India is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 316 HCA12MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume II. Land Reform In Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, Indonesia. Country papers, 2nd ed. Kenneth B. Piatt, H. Charles Treakle, Charles M. Elkington, Edwin J. Cohn, and E. Utrecht. Jun 70, 273p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-18, SR/LR/C-19 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-30. See also Volume 3, PB-1 95 31 7. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Middle East, 'Economic de- velopment, Asia, 'Iran, 'Economic development, 'Iraq, Economic development, 'Indonesia, Eco- nomic development, 'Pakistan, Economic devel- opment, 'Turkey, Economic development, Eco- nomic surveys, Demography, Sociometrics, Revi- sions, Legislation, Land titles. Agriculture, Devel- oping countries, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and Indonesia is one of a series covering most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform pro- gram, and the effects of the program. (AID ab- stract) PB-195 317 HCA14MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume III. Land Reform in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. Country papers, 2nd ed. Harold E. Voelkner, Robert B. Morrow, Kenneth H. Sherper, and Anthony Y. C. Koo. Jun 70, 31 5p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-23, SR/LR/C-24 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-25. See also Volume 4, PB-1 95 318. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, Far East, 'Japan, Economic development, 'South Korea, Economic develop- ment, 'Taiwan, Economic development, Legisla- tion, Land titles, Economic surveys, Demography, Sociometrics, Agriculture, Revisions, Foreign aid, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 318 HCA14MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume IV. Land Reform In the Philippines, North Viet- nam, South Vietnam. Country papers, 2nd ed. Harold D. Koone, Lewis E. Gleeck, Christine Pelzer White, and MacDonald Salter. Jun 70, 304p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-26, SR/LR/C-27 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-28. See also Volume5, PB-1 95 319. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, Southeast Asia, 'Philippines, Economic development, 'North Vietnam, Eco- nomic development, 'South Vietnam, Economic development, Legislation, Land titles, Economic surveys, Agriculture, Demography, Sociometrics, Revisions, Foreign aid, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on the Philippines, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam is one of a series covering most nations that have experienced or are consid- ering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 319 HCA11MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume V. Land Reform In Chile, Colombia, Venezuela. Country papers, 2nd ed. William C. Thiesenhusen, Herman Felstehausen, and Harry E. Wing, Jr. Jun 70, 232p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-8, SR/LR/C-31 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-4, SR/LR/C-3. See also Volume 6, PB-1 95 320. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, South America, 'Chile, Eco- nomic development, 'Colombia, Economic devel- opment, 'Venezuela, Economic development, Legislation, Land titles, Economic surveys, Agricul- ture, Demography, Sociometrics, Revisions, For- eign aid, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Chile, Colombia and Venezuela is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 320 HCA13MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume VI. Land Reform In Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Country papers, 2nd ed. Ronald James Clark, and Thomas F. Carroll. Jun 70, 280p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-7, SR/LR/C-5 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-6. See also Volume 7, PB-1 95 321. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, South America, 'Bolivia, Eco- nomic development, 'Ecuador, Economic devel- opment, 'Peru, Economic development, Legisla- tion, Land titles, Economic surveys, Agriculture, Demography, Sociometrics, Revisions, Foreign aid, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 321 HCA13MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume VII. Land Reform in Brazil, Northeast Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico. Country papers, 2nd ed. Antonio Gayoso, and Folke Dovring. Jun 70, 296p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-9, SR/LR/C-29 Also includes Rept. nos. SR/LR/C-2, SR/LR/C-1. See also Volume 8, PB-1 95 322. Descriptors: 'Land, 'Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, Latin America, 'Brazil, Eco- nomic development, 'Cuba, Economic develop- ment, 'Guatemala, Economic development, 'Mexico, Economic development, Economic sur- veys, Agriculture, Demography, Sociometrics, Leg- islation, Foreign aid, Land titles, Urbanization. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Northeast Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, and Guatemala is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are consid- ering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 322 HC A13 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume VIII. Land Reform in Algeria, Tunisia, the United Arab Republic. Country papers, 2nd ed. Phillips W. Foster, John L. Simmons, and Kenneth B. Piatt. Jun 70, 278p* Rept nos. SR/ LR/C-13, SR/LR/C-1 4 Also includes Rept. no. SR/LR/C-1 7. See also Volume 9, PB-1 95 323. Descriptors: 'Land, Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, North Africa, 'Algeria, Eco- nomic development, 'Tunisia, Economic develop- ment, 'United Arab Republic, Economic develop- ment, Legislation, Land titles, Economic surveys, Agriculture, Urbanization, Demography, Sociome- trics, Revisions, Foreign aid. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Algeria, Tunisia, and the UAR is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 323 HC A07 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume IX. Land Reform In Kenya. The Land Tenure Problem In Nigeria. Country papers, 2nd ed. Barbara K. Herz, and Kenneth H. Parsons. Jun 70, 135p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-1 6, SR/LR/C-1 5 See also Volume 1 0, PB-1 95 324. Descriptors: 'Land, Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, Subsaharan Africa, 'Kenya, Economic development, 'Nigeria, Economic de- velopment, Legislation, Land titles, Economic sur- veys, Agriculture, Urbanization, Sociometrics, Re- visions, Foreign aid. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Kenya and Nigeria is one of a series which covers most nations that have experi- enced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID abstract) PB-195 324 HC A12 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume X. Land Reform in Hungary, Italy, Yugoslavia. Regional Surveys. Country papers, 2nd ed. Folke Dovring, Davis McEntire, and Edward B. Rice. Jun 70, 256p* Rept nos. SR/LR/C-1 0, SR/ LR/C-12 Also includes Rept. nos. SR/LR/C-1 1, SR/LR/C- 32. See also Volume 1 1 , PB-1 95 325. Descriptors: 'Land, Government policies, 'Eco- nomic development, Europe, 'Hungary, Economic development, 'Italy, Economic development, 'Yu- goslavia, Economic development, Revisions, De- 48 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES veloping countries, Legislation, Land titles, Urban- ization, Sociometrics, Foreign aid. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document on Hungary, Italy and Yugoslavia, regional surveys is one of a series covering most nations that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. (AID ab- stract) PB-195 325 HCA16MFA01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume xl. Analytical Papers. Country papers, 2nd ed. Jun 70, 372p* Rept no. SR/LR/A-1 Also includes Rept. nos. SR/LR/A- 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. See also Volume 12, PB- 195 326. Descriptors: 'Land, Government policies, 'Foreign government, Management planning, 'Surveys, De- veloping countries, Agricultural economics, Politi- cal science, Land surveys, Financing, Credit, Resi- dential buildings, Demography, Farm manage- ment, Urbanization, Europe. Identifiers: Land laws, 'Land reform. The document is one of a series which covers most nations that have experienced or are consid- ering land reform in Hungary, Italy and Yugoslavia. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. The country papers are the basic source of information for the Analytical Papers. (AID abstract) PB-195 326 HC A10 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. Volume XII. Background Papers. Country papers, 2nd ed. Jun 70, 220p* Rept no. SR/LR/B-1 Also includes Rept. nos. SR/LR/B-2,3,4,5,6,7. See also Volume 1 , PB-1 95 3 1 5. Descriptors: 'Land, Developing countries, 'For- eign government, Management planning, 'Eco- nomic development, Technical reports, Foreign aid, Opinions, Economic surveys, Rural areas, Ag- riculture, Theories, Mathematical models, Latin America, India, Asia, Europe, Africa. Identifiers: Poverty, Land laws, 'Land reform. The document is one of a series which covers most nations in Latin America, Asia, Europe, and Africa that have experienced or are considering land reform. The design for each country paper is the same: the situation before reform, the reform program, and the effects of the program. The volume contains background studies. (AID ab- stract) PB-195 597 PC A10 MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Inst, of Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Opportunities for Cost Reduction in the Design of Transport Facilities for Developing Regions. Volume I. Mar 70, 220p Contract DOT-OS-A9-004 See also Volume 2, PB-1 95 598. Descriptors: 'Transportation, 'Developing coun- tries, 'Highways, Cost engineering, Design stand- ards, Economic analysis, Construction, Mathemat- ical models, Savings, Highway bridges, Culverts, Ferryboats, Foreign aid. Identifiers: FordsfWater crossings). The study explores the problem of the selection of low-cost technologies for provision of transporta- tion in developing countries. It surveys the range of technologies that might be used, investigates ana- lytical approaches, and suggests based for select- ing among resource and cost alternatives. Volume I discusses at length various problems relating to technologic choice in the field of road transport. Among the problems treated are the development of cost functions, design standards, pavement type, water crossings, one-lane bridging, and vehi- cle types. Statistical tables graphics, and lists of references appear at the end of the chapter when appropriate. (Author) PB-195 598 PC A10 MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Inst, of Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Opportunities for Cost Reduction In the Design of Transport Facilities for Developing Regions. Volume 2. Mar 70, 221 p* Contract DOT-OS-A9-004 See also Volume 1 , PB-1 95 597. Descriptors: 'Transportation, 'Developing coun- tries, 'Cost engineering, Transportation, Cost con- trol, Foreign aid, Air transportation, Waterway transportation, Ground vehicles, Investments, Economic models. Identifiers: 'Transport technology, Investment models. The study explores the problem of the selection of low-cost technologies for provision of transporta- tion in developing countries. It surveys the range of technologies that might be used, investigates ana- lytical approaches, and suggests bases for select- ing among resource and cost alternatives. The chapters comprising the second of two volumes discuss potential cost savings in the design and use of ground vehicles; reduction of cost in aircraft, airports and airways; savings in the selection of waterway and harbor techniques; and economic models for the choice of levels of transport invest- ment. (Author) PB-195 677/0 PC A06/MF A01 Westinghouse Ocean Research Lab., San Diego, Calif. Biological Effects of Effluent from a Desalina- tion Plant at Key West, Florida Water pollution control series W. D. Clarke, J. W. Joy, and R. J. Rosenthal. Feb 70, 103p FWQA-18080-DAI-02/70 Contract FWQA-1 4-1 2-470 Paper copy available from Superintendent of Doc- uments, GPO, Washington, D. C. 20402. $1.00 as 1 67. 13/4:1 8050DAI-02/70. Descriptors: 'Aquatic biology, Ecology, 'Ecology, •Effluents, 'Salinity, Aquatic biology, 'Desalting, Water pollution, Biomass, Environments, Florida, Tropical regions, Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Heat. Identifiers: 'Desalination plants, 'Thermal pollu- tion, Key West(Florida). The Key West study was undertaken to determine the impact of the discharge from a large desalting plant on the surrounding environment. The Phase-I work has shown that some of the properties of the effluent can be detected by physical and chemical measurements well beyond the area that visible ef- fects can be detected in the bottom communities. While the effluent produces some beneficial ef- fects such as attracting certain species of fish and the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria, it has also been shown to have deleterious effects for other organisms. Algae, tunicates, and gastropods were excluded from the near-field of the effluent dis- charge and bryozoan colonies were not as numer- ous in the discharge area nor did they grow as well as they did outside of the area. Quantitative inves- tigations of the physiological and ecological ef- fects of the desalting plant effluent in future stud- ies could lead to predictive capabilities as far as the amount of environmental stress that can be tolerated at a given locality. (Author) PB-195 900 PC A02 MF A01 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn. Report of Flshcultural Investigations in the Federation of Malaysia. Increasing Fish Pro- duction by Improved Flshcultures, Phase I. H. S. Swingle, and D. D. Moss. 15 Aug 69, 18p Contract AID/csd-1581 Revision of report dated 26 Feb 68. Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, 'Malaysia, 'Fisheries, Surveys, Fresh water fishes, Research, Personnel, Laboratories. Identifiers: Tropical fish culture. The report surveys the Fisheries Department of the Ministry of Agriculture which operates three marine stations and seven freshwater fish hatcher- ies. It covers the physical plant, water supply, facili- ties, staff and major research projects of the Tropi- cal Fish Culture Research Station at Malacca, which is not part of the Fisheries Department. It discusses the problems involved in the future oper- ation of the research station. (Author) PB-195 913 PC A07 MF A01 General Oceanology, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Commercial Feasibility of Fish Protein Concen- trate in Developing Countries. Volume I. The Protein Situation In Korea and the Potential Role for Fish Protein Concentrate. Final rept. Oct 69, 145p Rept no. GO-8 Contract AID/csd-21 58 Prepared in cooperation with the American Techni- cal Assistance Corp., and Sidney M. Cantor Asso- ciates, Inc. Descriptors: 'Fish protein concentrates, 'South Korea, 'Proteins, South Korea, 'Developing coun- tries, 'Food, Feasibility, Nutritive value. Nutritional deficiences, Food deprivation, Cost effectiveness, Food processing. The report establishes that protein malnutrition exists in certain groups in Korea, and that fish pro- tein concentrate (FPC) might contribute to amelior- ating this shortage. Present economics and raw material shortages, however, mitigate against a self-priming commercial FPC operation in Korea today. However, some alternative paths for protein relief through FPC are possible. The report reviews protein nutrition, and the Korean protein system, and calculates the 'protein gap' for the groups and determines the cost/effectiveness of protein forti- fication. It examines the feasibility of producing FPC locally, the implications of a protein supple- ment program on national nutrition policies and the cost of closing the protein gap. (Author) PB-196 296 PC A20 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Marketing Stable Food Crops in Sierra Leone. Rept. for Mar 66-Jun 67. 1967, 474p Descriptors: 'Farm crops, 'Sierra Leone, 'Food, Marketing, Economic development, Vegetable oils, Nuts(Fruits), Root crops, Rice, Production, Consumption, Processing, Labor relations, Statisti- cal data, Prices, Cost engineering. Identifiers: Palm oil, Ground nuts, Cassava, Retail trade, Wholesale trade. The document covers the general economic envi- ronment in which the marketing system of Sierra Leone operates, how the market system is orga- nized and how it functions, price changes over time and between areas, marketing costs, and ways of improving the marketing system so that it will contribute more effectively to the economic de- velopment of the country. Special attention is given to the marketing of rice, palm oil, groundnuts and cassava. (AID abstract) PB-196 306 PC A03 MF A01 Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Artificial Recharge In Water Resources Man- agement. Marvin J. Dvoracek, and Sam H. Peterson. 1970, 29pOWRR-B-041-TEX(4) Descriptors: "Ground water recharge, Water supply, 'Water supply, Arid land, 'Water re- sources, Management planning, Water conserva- tion, Recharge wells, Semiaridland, Irrigation, Ag- riculture, Ground water, Sediments, Economic fac- tors, Texas. Identifiers: Ogallala formation, 'Artificial recharge. 49 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Water resources for arid and semiarid regions of the United States are only marginal at the present time and new sources of water are no longer avail- able. Artificial recharge techniques are presented as one method of partially alleviating the problem. Artificial recharge is presented in the context of the water depletion of the Oqallala formation on the High Plains of Texas, there, as in the United States as a whole, irrigated agriculture is the major water user. Several recharge mechanisms are dis- cussed, such as recharge wells, shafts, holes, pits, trenches, rubble cones, and water spreading. All of the methods share the problem of sediment con- tent in water used for recharge, but the problem is not insurmountable. In some cases economic value of artificially recharged water has already outweighted the limitations. (WRSIC-abstract) PB-196 312 PC E01 MF A01 Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Water Resources Re- search Center. Relative Toxicities of Selected Chemicals to Several Species of Tropical Fish. Technical rept. 1 Jul 69-30 Jun 70 Jerry H. Nunogawa, Nathan C. Burbank, Jr, Reginald H. F. Young, and L. Stephen Lau. Aug 70, 44 TR-40, OWRR-A-018-HI(1) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3011 Descriptors: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollu- tion, Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Water pollution, 'Fishes, Pesticides, Toxicity, Bioassay, Water quality, Effectiveness, Tropical regions, Tolerances(Physiology), Streams, Estuaries, Phenol, DDT, Dieldrin, Chlorobenzenes, Lindane. Identifiers: 'Tropical fish, Gambusia affinis, Le- bistes reticulatus, Tilapia mossambica, Kuhlia sandvicensis, Stolephorus purpureus, Mosquito fish, Guppies, Aholehole, Nehu. This study determined the 24, 48, 96-hour median tolerance limit of phenol, DDT, dieldrin, and lin- dane of five species of fish commonly found in streams and estuaries in semi-tropical areas. They are: i) Gambusia affinis - mosquito fish, (ii) Lebistes reticulatus -guppies, (iii) Tilapia mossambica - tila- pia, (iv) Kuhlia sandvicensis aholehole, and (v) Sto- lephorus purpureus - nehu. Of the five species, Gambusia affinis had the highest tolerance to the toxic agents used in this study. Lebistes reticulatus and TiTapia mossambica had approximately the same sensitivity to DDT as well as dieldrin and lin- dane. Lebistes reticulatus had a higher sensitivity to phenol than Tilapia mossambica. Although Sto- lephorus purpureus, nehu, was highly sensitive, Kuhlia sandvicensis was most sensitive to all toxic agents used. (Author) PB-196 340 PC A03 MF A01 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Colum- bus Labs. The Continued Development and Field Evalua- tion of the Aid Hand-Operated Water Pump. Final rept. R. D. Fannon, Jr, and D. W. Frink. 28 Aug 70, 42p Contract AID/csd-21 74 Descriptors: 'Piston pumps, Design, 'Well pumps, Water distribution, 'Developing countries, Well pumps, Plungers, Valves, Bushings, Materials, Cost estimates. Identifiers: Hand operated piston pumps. The document based on research carried out over a period of several years on the development of a simple, efficient, hand-operated piston pump for use in developing countries. It covers plunger- valve design, selection of optimum cup material, and the evaluation of cylinder coatings, foot valves, and handle pins and bushings. (AID ab- stract) PB-196 341 PC A05 MF A01 Joint Development Group, Saigon (Republic of Vietnam). Present Situation and Possibilities of Postwar Development of Inland-Fisheries In the Mekong delta. Nov 68, 96p Rept no. Working Paper-42 Contract AID/fe-291 Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, 'Vietnam, 'Economic development, Fisheries, Fishing grounds, Hydro- graphic surveys, Ichthyosis, Rivers, Food process- ing, Agriculture, Fisheries. Identifiers: Mekong River, Mekong Delta, Fish mar- keting, South Vietnam. The report describes the hydrographical and ich- thyological features of the Mekong. Discusses the different methods of exploitation of natural water bodies and ponds, the processing and stocking of fishery products, the transportation and marketing aspects. Recommends the increase of fishing pro- duction to keep pace with population growth, rais- ing the income of rural people, and strengthening the agricultural economy. Analyzes the interaction and integration of fisheries activities in the post- war development program. Appendices include a list of fish species in river and flooded areas of SVN and a check list of fish-culture species culti- vated in SVN. A one-page bibliography is included. (Author) PB-196 352 PC A04 MF A01 Joint Development Group, Saigon (Republic of Vietnam). A Description of Ocean Fish Marketing In Saigon. Report for May-Jun 68 Nguyen Van Thuan, Nguyen Cao Dan, and Larry L. Pressler. Jun 68, 62p Rept no. Working Paper- 24 Contract AID/fe-291 Descriptors: 'Marine fishes, Marketing, 'Economic surveys, 'South Vietnam, Commerce, Seafood, Cost engineering, Transportation, Cooperation, In- terviews, Personnel, Economic development. Identifiers: Saigon(South Vietnam), Wholesale trade, Retail trade, Cooperatives. The report outlines the marketing aspects of ocean fish in the Saigon-Cholon urban complex based on four weeks of research visiting whole- sale and retail markets, and interviews with deal- ers, boatowners, truckowners, police and consum- ers. It includes data on pricing, operations of wholesalers, transportation costs and retailers. Appendices contain information on the fishing coo- peratives at Rach Gia and Ham Tan. (AID abstract) PB-197 104 HC A03 MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. A.I.D. Spring Review of Land Reform. June 2-4, 1970. Findings and Implications for a.l.D. Elizabeth Carter. Dec 70, 33p Rept no. AID-SR/ LR-70-13 See also Volume 1 2, PB-1 95 326. Descriptors: 'Land, Management, 'Developing countries, Policies, 'Counseling, Effectiveness, Meetings, Reviews, Distribution theory, Political objectives, South Asia, North Africa, Middle East, Latin America, Cost analysis, Japan. Identifiers: 'Land reform, Alternatives. The paper contains findings and implications deriv- ing from A.I.D.'s Spring Review of Land Reform, 1970. The findings are: there is a clear economic case for land reform; both the political will and po- litical capacity for land reform are critical; land reform is likely to be politically stabilizing over the long run; urbanization is not an adequate alterna- tive to land reform; colonization has not been a viable alternative to land reform; complementary measures are important for a reform's success. The implications are: land tenure is a significant di- mension in overall development; support of land reform need not be withheld for fear of adverse economic results; where a dominant political will is lacking A.l.D. should take careful cognizance of what probable effects its assistance program may have on either prolonging or ameliorating existing inequities in land tenure; A.l.D. should not support a land reform which is basically just window dress- ing; external assistance may be constructively ap- plied on many aspects of the reform; the question of how and when a land reform should be carried out must be determined by each individual country; these findings and implications point clearly to A.l.D. staffing needs. (Author) PB-197 157 PC A10 MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Sea Grant Project Office. The Economics of Fish Protein Concentrate. J. W. Ill Devanney, and G. Mahnken. 20 Nov 70, 202p* Rept no. MITSG-71-3 Descriptors: 'Fish protein concentrates, Econom- ics, 'Nutrition, 'Developing countries, Feasibility, Econometrics, Benefit cost analysis, Cost effec- tiveness, Chile, Standards, Requirements, Analy- sis of variance. Identifiers: Sea Grant program. The report examines the economic feasibility of fish protein concentrate in two contexts: as a nutri- tional supplement in the diet of a developing coun- try, and as a competitive food additive in the United States. The report examines the subject with spe- cial reference to the role that the United States Government should play in the development of FPC. Fish protein concentrate designates any stable powder resulting from the removal of oil and water from fish which is aimed at human consump- tion. When we are referring to a particular variety of FPC, we will attempt to make this specialization clear either explicitly or by the context. PB-197 758 PC A09 MF A01 Greenleigh Associates, Inc., New York. An Evaluation of Consumer Action and Urban Cooperative Programs. Volume I: Summary of Findings Final rept. 1 Jun 69-31 Sep 70. Feb 71, 185p* OEO-LN-862 Contract OEO-B99-4873 See also Volume 2, PB-1 97 759. Descriptors: 'Purchasing, Coordinated procure- ment, 'Consumers, Economic factors, Coopera- tion, Financing, Project planning, Economic devel- opment, Marketing, Credit, Evaluation. Identifiers: Low income consumers, Credit unions, Cooperatives, 'Consumer's cooperatives, Market- ing cooperatives, Buying clubs, Small merchants cooperatives, Cooperative enterprises, Service cooperatives. The report presents a study to determine the effec- tiveness of OEO's Consumer Action and Urban Cooperative Program. The goals of this program were to aid low-income consumers through the es- tablishment of cooperatives and credit unions and to encourage the involvement of outside capital in economic enterprises. (OEO abstract) PB-197 759 PC A12 MF A01 Greenleigh Associates, Inc., New York. An Evaluation of Consumer Action and Urban Cooperative Programs. Volume II: Individual Project Reports Final rept. 1 Jun 69-31 Sep 70. Feb 71, 269p* OEO-LN-863 Contract OEO-B99-4873 See also Volume 1 , PB-1 97 758. Descriptors: 'Purchasing, Coordinated procure- ment, 'Consumers, Economic factors, Coopera- tion, Financing, Project planning, Economic devel- opment, Marketing, Credit, Evaluation. Identifiers: Cooperatives, Credit unions, Low income consumers, 'Consumer's cooperatives, Marketing cooperatives, Service cooperatives, Co- operative enterprises, Buying clubs. Evaluations are given of the following individual projects: Consumer action program for Bedford- Stuyvesant, Inc. (CABS); Lower east side econom- ic development association for cooperatives (LE- SEDAC); New York institute for consumer educa- tion and development (NYI); Tulsa economic op- portunity task force; Metropolitan cooperative services, inc.; Newark personal loan program (NPLP); Bay area neighborhood development foundation; Rural action for better consumer de- velopment; Watts labor community action commit- tee; Pilsen neighbors community council; Action for Boston community development; Martin Luther King/Arthur Capper Store; Kleberg county con- sumers', inc.; Grocery bag store; Detroit consum- ers federal credit union. 50 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES PB-198 035 PC A05 MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Inst, of Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Opportunities for Cost Reduction In the Design of Transport Facilities for Developing Regions. Annex to Volumes 1 and 2 Special rept. Dec 70, 98p Contract DOT-OS-A9-004 See also Volume 1, PB-195 597, and Volume 2, PB-195 598. Descriptors: *Roads, Cost engineering, "Construc- tion, Roads, 'Transportation, 'Developing coun- tries, Design standards, Mathematical models, Maintenance, Operating costs, Pavements, Ve- hicular traffic, Cost control. Identifiers: Low cost road construction, Technical assistance. Tradeoffs. The annex is a supplement to a study that exam- ines designs of transport facilities in the develop- ing countries with a view toward reducing initial and/or operating costs, or to reducing costs devot- ed to imported elements. For the annex, research is focused on economic and engineering aspects of low-cost road construction. A production-func- tion based model is developed for road mainte- nance cost estimation. Surface maintenance is considered in detail. Principal variables included are time, climate, and traffic volume. Another sec- tion of the annex contains a discussion of tradeoffs between construction costs and maintenance costs. (Author) PB-198 125 PC A06 MF A01 Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla. Treatment and Control Research Program. Water Quality Management Problems in Arid Regions Water pollution control research series James P. Law, Jr, and Jack L. Witherow. Oct 70, 109p* FWQA-13030-DYY-06/69 Descriptors: 'Arid land, 'Water pollution, 'Ni- trates, Water pollution, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water reclamation, 'Agricultural wastes, Water pollution, 'Irrigation, Water pollution, Denitration, Algae, Salinity, Desalting, Water quality, Industrial wastes, Ground water, Chemical removaKWater treatment). An international conference entitled 'Arid Lands in a Changing World' sponsored by the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science Com- mittee on Arid Lands and the University of Arizona, was held at Tucson in June, 1 969. The report pre- sents a selected group of the papers presented at those sessions which should benefit those con- cerned with water quality management problems in arid regions. The title of the papers included in this report are as follows: Nitrate removal from ag- ricultural wastewater; the effects of salinity stand- ards on irrigated agriculture in the Colorado River basin; Problems of pollution of irrigation waters in arid regions; Water quality requirements and re- use of wastewater effluents; Salinity control in return flow from irrigated areas~a demonstration project; Water quality control problems in inland sinks; Natural pollution in arid land waters; Distilla- tion of wastewaters: A water resource for arid re- gions; and Animal waste runoff~a major water quality challenge. (WRSIC abstract) PB-199 493 PC A20 MF A01 Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Metropolitan Water Management: Case Studies and National Policy Implications Final rept. Jun 71, 457p* NWC-EES-71-002 Contract NWC-70-030 Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Urban planning, 'Government policies, Water resources, Manage- ment planning, Water supplies, Water services, Water quality, Water law, Recreational facilities, Sewage treatment, Economic development, Eco- nomic forecasting, Objectives, Waste disposal, Grants, Decision making, Professional personnel, Texas, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Washington(State). Identifiers: 'Boston(Massachusetts), *Lubbock(Texas), *Milwaukee(Wisconsin), *Seattle(Washington). Planning, decision making, and implementation practices in urban-water management were stud- ied in 12 metropolises. Four were examined in detail on-site: Boston(Massachusetts), Lubbock(Texas), Milwaukee(Wisconsin), and Seattle(Washington). Water supply, sewage col- lection and treatment, water-quality control, and water-based economic and recreational activity were examined for range of objectives, technical and institutional approaches, exogenous influ- ences, future problems and trends, and the effect of Federal policies. Specific recommendations for Federal action to improve financing, personnel practices, operations, availability of data and anal- yses, and the institutional and legal framework of water planning, decision making, and implementa- tion are made. (NWC abstract) PB-200 967 PC A03 MF A01 Oregon Univ., Eugene. Bureau of Governmental Research and Service. Self-Help Housing In Oregon Innovative study series no. 5. 1970, 50p See also Rept. no. 4, PB-200 964. Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, Projects, 'Re- gional planning, 'Oregon, Construction, Method- ology, Rural areas, Cost analysis, Feasibility, Eco- nomic surveys, Statistical data, Sociometrics, Public administration, Demography. Identifiers: 'Self help housing, ; Low income hous- ing. Self-help housing, the use of one's own nonprofes- sional labor in construction of a dwelling, use to be a popular way to build a house, but with the advent of labor specialization, complicated construction materials and techniques, financing mechanisms, building codes, and limited access to free materi- als, it has become less important in the United States. The report describes the housing program in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. PB-201 729 PC A04 MF A01 Mississippi State Univ., State College. Water Re- sources Research Inst. Community Organization and Rural Water System Development John H. Peterson, Jr. 1971, 60p OWRR-B-005- MISS(1) Descriptors: 'Water supply, Rural areas, 'Commu- nities, Water supply, Community development, Urban planning. Identifiers: Rural water system development, Com- munity organization. Rural communities in a representative county were studied to determine the range of community expe- riences in water system development and to es- tablish the relationship between community orga- nization and water system development. (WRSIC abstract) PB-202 778-Set PC-GPO Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology Jun 71, 1570p* in 7 vols Rept no. MTR-6009 Contract OST-26 Consists of Volumes 1-6 and Project Summary. In- dividual volumes are available in paper copy only at various prices. See PB-202 778-1 thru PB-202 778-7. Descriptors: 'Research, Assessments, Forecast- ing, Social change, Cost effectiveness, Benefit cost analysis, Decision making, Social sciences, Sewage treatment, Aquaculture, Enzymes, Air pol- lution, Computers, Methodology. Identifiers: Technology assessment. The research described is concerned with the de- velopment of an analytical framework and a struc- tured procedure that can be used for anticipating the social impacts of major technologies. Five ex- amples are presented dealing with the following: Automotive emissions; Computers-communica- tions; Enzymes (Industrial); Mariculture (Sea farm- ing); and Water pollution from domestic wastes. PB-202 778-1 PC A14 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume I. Some Basic Propositions Final rept. Martin V. Jones. Jun 71, 307p* Rept no. MIR- 6009-1 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set, PC$31.50, MFS9.00. See also PB-202 778-2. Descriptors: 'Research, Assessments, 'Research management, Assessments, Forecasting, Social change, Cost effectiveness, Benefit cost analysis, Decision making, Social sciences, Project man- agement, Methodology. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. This is one of six reports on the subject of technol- ogy assessment prepared by MITRE for the Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President. The purpose of this project was to develop a standard, structured method for making studies directed toward anticipating and influenc- ing the societal impacts of new technology appli- cations. This volume describes the standard meth- odology that was developed. The other volumes are 'pilot' assessment studies covering particular fields of technologies that were conducted to help test, develop, and illustrate the standard assess- ment methodology. (Author) PB-202 778-2 PC A10 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume II. Automotive Emissions Final rept. Willis E. Jacobsen. Jun 71 , 205p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-2 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set, PC$31.50, MF$9.00. See also PB-202 778-1 and PB-202 778- 3. Descriptors: 'Air pollution, Assessments, 'Ex- haust gases, 'Automobile engines, Forecasting, Social change, Benefit cost analysis. Cost effec- tiveness, Decision making, Methodology, Public health, Internal combustion engines, External combustion engines, Environmental surveys, Gov- ernment policies, Economic analysis, Highway transportation, Abatement, Mass transportation, Monitors. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment, 'Automobile exhaust, Hybrid vehicular propulsion. The pilot study on automotive emission control is one in a series of five, each addressing different technologies. A framework for appraising societal influences of control strategies (technological and nontechnological) for reducing noxious automotive emissions is developed and illustrative examples, based on a proposed cost/benefit model, are pre- sented. (Author) PB-202 778-3 PC A12 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume III. Computers-Communications Net- works Final rept. Hugh V. O'Neill. Jun 71, 261 p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-3 Also included in PB-202 778-Set PC$31.50, MF$9.00. See also PB-202 778-1 and PB-202 778- 4. Descriptor:.. 'Computers, Assessments, 'Comput- er systems harware, Man machine systems, Tele- communication, Information systems, Data proc- essing, Time dsharing, Real time operations, Data, Forecasting, Social change, Cost effectiveness, Benefit cost analysis, Decision making, Social sci- ences, Methodology. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment, 'Computer privacy. The paper describes a pilot computer technology assessment study. The study has as its goal the 51 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES development and illustration of technological as- sessment methodology and in addition, as a sec- ondary objective, the investigation of certain sa- lient segments of the general computer situation. The report includes: a summary; task definition; technology descriptions; state of society/universe assumptions, attributes, and conditions; relevant impact areas; initial impact analysis; action options and recommendation for future research and de- velopment program; forecasts/projections, uncer- tainty and analysis of future impacts; and, conclu- sions and recommendations. (Author) PB-202 778-4 PCA11 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume IV. Enzymes (Industrial) Final rept. David H. Rubin. Jun 71, 226p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-4 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set PC$31.50, MF$9.00. See also PB-202 778-3 and PB-202 778- 5. Descriptors: 'Enzymes, Assessments, 'Industrial engineering, Enzymes, 'Chemical engineering, Enzymes, Food industry, Enzymes, Forecasting, Social change, Benefit cost analysis, Cost effec- tiveness, Decision making, Methodology, Environ- mental surveys, Economic analysis, Pollution, Medicine, Public health, Detergents, Law(Jurisprudence), Models, Methodology. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. A general technology assessment methodology is used to assess the impacts of developments in enzyme science and technology with particular emphasis on industrial applications. Forecasts are presented of likely technological developments and application areas are described in which the impacts have significant societal interactions. Case studies include detergents, biodegradable containers, conversion of dextrose to starch, pos- sible substitute for cane sugar, cellulases, and en- zymes used against oil spills. Forecasts are made of the societal impact areas which will be most af- fected by enzyme technology. First-order impacts and higher order interactions are presented. Action options are described which could influence the developments of enzyme technology in desir- able directions. (Author) PB-202 778-5 PC A10 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume V. Marlculture (Sea Farming) Final rept. Robert C. Landis. Jun 71, 205p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-5 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set PC$31.50, MFS9.00. See also PB-202 778-4 and PB-202 778- 6. Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, Assessments, 'Devel- oping countries, Aquaculture, Benefit cost analy- sis, Forecasting, Environmental surveys, Econom- ic analysis, Decision making, Methodology, Human nutrition, Cost effectiveness, International trade, Proteins, Water pollution, Infant nutrition, Social change, Models, Government policies, Fisheries. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. A general technology assessment methodology is used to determine the impacts of mariculture on the developing countries. The technology is con- fined to application in coastal and brackish waters. A quantitative impact analysis of economic and social factors is shown for the years 1975-1989. Various action options are offered and a revised impact forecast is given for increased impact on the malnutrition problem. The problems and con- straints to accelerated mariculture application are analyzed, and a forecast of 20 million tons of mari- culture production in 1 985 is made. Also, a subjec- tive probability of which countries will apply mari- culture is given. (Author) PB-202 778-6 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. PCA15 A Technology Assessment Methodology. Volume VI. Water Pollution: Domestic Wastes Final rept. Victor D. Wenk. Jun 71, 331 p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-6 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set PC%31.50 and MF$9.00. See also PB-101 778-5 and PB-202 778- 7. Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, Assessments, 'Water pollution, 'Sewage, Benefit cost analysis, Septic tanks, History, Forecasting, Social change, Environmental surveys, Decision making, Method- ology, Economic analysis, Government policies, Cost estimates, Soil chemistry, Abatement, Nutri- ents, Cost effectiveness, Chemical removal(Sewage treatment), Models, Land use, Ground water. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. A general technology assessment methodology is used to determine the impacts of widespread use of individual home sewage treatment technology during the 1970-1989 time period. The effects of varying rates of diffusion of this technology are analyzed in terms of selected measures of eco- nomic and environmental impact. Social and insti- tutional impacts are discussed. Various action op- tions available to identified interest groups are analyzed in terms of their effect upon technology diffusion rates and specific impact areas. The nor- mative nature of this technology assessment called for the use of a dynamic interactive model of the technology diffusion process. (Author) PB-202 778-7 PC A03 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. A Technology Assessment Methodology. Proj- ect Summary Final rept. Martin V. Jones. Jun 71, 35p* Rept no. MTR- 6009-7 Contract OST-26 Also included in PB-202 778-Set PC$31.50 and MF$9.00. See also PB-202 778-6. Descriptors: 'Research, Assessments, Forecast- ing, Social change, Cost effectiveness, Benefit cost analysis, Decision making, Social sciences, Sewage treatment, Aquaculture, Enzymes, Air pol- lution, Methodology. Identifiers: 'Technology assessment. The paper summarizes the findings of an explora- tory technology assessment project jointly spon- sored by the Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, and The MITRE Corporation. The objective of the project was to develop an analytical framework and a structured procedure that could be used for anticipating the societal impacts of major technologies. Detailed findings are reported in six volumes. (Author) PB-203 331 PC A04 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. The International Development Institute Jul 71, 67p TA/OST-NAS-71-32 Contract AID-csd-2584 A report of an Ad Hoc Committee of the Board on Science and Technology for International Devel- opment. Descriptors: 'International relations, Organiza- tions, 'Foreign aid, Economic development, Re- search management, Manpower. This is a report prepared by a committee convened by the National Academy of Sciences in October 1 970 at the request of the Agency for International Development, to consider the character, purposes, and functions of a United States International De- velopment Institute. Listed are the members of the ad hoc Committee on the International Develop- ment Institute and members of the Board on Sci- ence and Technology for International Develop- ment, Office of the Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Sciences. The report endorses the concept of such an Institute, and outlines propos- als for its organizational structure and program ob- jectives. PB-203 379 PC A03 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. International Aspects of Man's Effect Upon En- vironment Summary rept. Roger Revelle. Jan 70, 29p TA/OST-NAS-70-27 Contract AID/csd-1 122 Descriptors: 'Foreign aid, 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution, Foreign aid, 'Developing countries, En- vironmental surveys, International assistance, Legislation, Pesticides, Dams, Reservoirs, Water quality, Ecology, Government policies. The summary on -Environmental Aspects of For- eign Assistance Programs by the Agency for Inter- national Development (AID) presents conclusions on the following topics: Which aspects of AID inter- national assistance have the possibility of creating problems of environmental degradation; Which of the problem areas should receive priority attention; How may AID strengthen the capabilities of the United States and the developing countries in dealing with environmental problems. A list of four- teen major areas in which man is having seriously deleterious effects upon his environment is at- tached. PB-203 491 PC A02 MF A01 New Mexico State Univ., Clovis. Plains Branch Ag- ricultural Experiment Station. Utilization of Water In a Semi-Arid Region Completion rept. H. Dale Fuehring. Jun 71, 5p OWRR-A-027- NMEX(1) Descriptors: 'Water supply, Utilization, 'Arid land, Moisture, Watersheds, Rainfall, Volume, Herbi- cides, Agriculture, Drought. Identifiers: Atrazines, Propazines. In order to assess the value for dryland cropping in a semi-arid region of concentrating rainfall by means of micro-watersheds, a study was estab- lished with width of micro-watershed, width of growing bed, plant population, and applied level of nitrogen fertilizer as variables. Due to very low rain- fall, little water was available for concentration and yields of winter wheat and winter barley were very low and were decreased with increasing amount of watershed area (proportionately less of area plant- ed). A study on use of herbicides indicates propa- zine and atrazine applied on the watershed areas may control weeds without injury to crops. It was concluded that the first year results of the study were atypical because of extreme drought and that several years data will be necessary in order to sample various amounts and patterns of annual rainfall and to determine the cumulative effects. (Author) PB-203 608-D PC A02 Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. Boll Weevil Control Program (Cooperative Dia- pause Control Program), Texas and Mexico Draft environmental impact statement. 22 Oct 71, 18p Descriptors: 'Environmental surveys, Pest control, 'Texas, Environmental surveys, 'Mexico, Environ- mental surveys, 'Insect control, Environmental surveys, Cotton plants, Animal migrations, Insecti- cides, Toxicology, Birds, Bees, Rodents, Vegeta- tion. Identifiers: 'Environmental impact statements, 'In- ternational cooperation, Malathion, 'Boll weevils, Aldicarb. The project is concerned with a pesticide program on the Texas-Mexico border, for the primary pur- pose of boll weevil control. Adverse impact effects anticipated include the effects of damage to non- target insects and other organisms. PB-203 844 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Salinity Tolerances of Certain Tropical Soils and Relationships Between Sodium Ion Activi- ties and Soil Physical Properties Research and development progress rept. S. A. El-Swaify, L. D. Swindale, and G. Uehara. Mar 69, 55p OSW-PR-419 52 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Contract DI-1 4-01 -0001 -673 Paper copy available from GPO $0.55 as 11.88:419. Descriptors: *Soil properties, 'Tropical regions, 'Irrigation, Soils, "Soils, Salinity, Deterioration, De- mineralizing, Salt water, Sodium inorganic com- pounds, Calcium inorganic compounds, Magne- sium inorganic compounds, Soil water, Physical properties, Ions, Acidity, Colloiding, Percolation, Hawaii. Identifiers: Tropical soils. Two tropical soils from Hawaii were tested for sa- linity tolerances, the ability of the soils to resist physical deterioration by saline waters. Hydraulic conductivity measurements showed that presently permissible limits of salinity and sodium in irrigation water can be safely raised because significant haz- ardous physical conditions are not likely to occur. Both soils possess high resistance to detrimental peptization even when exposed to extreme sodic conditions. The original acidities of soils are highly resistant to change under leaching. Neither soil had a tendency to accumulate soluble salts by ex- traction from percolating saline waters. The direct determination of ionic activities for sodium, cal- cium and magnesium ions as a new and more fun- damental tool in soil salinity work is discussed. (Author) PB-204 408 PC A03/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Water Quality Standards and International De- velopment Oct 71, 34p Rept no. TA/OST-71-4 Descriptors: 'Water quality, Standards, 'United States, Water quality, 'Developing countries, Water quality, Potable water, Surface waters, Water supply, Chemical analysis, Bacteria, Radio- active contaminants, Water pollution, Control, Planning. The report summarizes progress to date in estab- lishing water quality standards in the United States and in developing countries. Its purpose is to assist those concerned broadly with environmental poli- cies in developing countries to better understand past efforts and future needs in this field. (Author) PB-204 492 PC A05/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Center for Water Resources Research. Analysis of Ground and Surface Water Utiliza- tion in Urbanized Arid Areas Hydrology and water resources technical rept. G. F. Cochran, J. C. Ohrenschall, and W. C. Wilson. Jan 70, 93p OWRR-C-1 337(1 970)(1) Contract H-W-Pub-8 Descriptors: 'Ground water, Utilization, 'Urban areas, Arid land, 'Arid land, Water supply, Water resources, Economic development, Legislation, Population growth, Models, Optimization, Nevada. Identifiers: Las Vegas Valley, Water utilization. Urbanization in arid regions has been accelerating at a tremendous rate. This type of growth has taken place in the Las Vegas Valley in Southern Nevada and will likely continue elsewhere as the country's population expands. This report's pur- pose is to examine some of the many facets of water resources developments which have oc- curred to support the growth in the Las Vegas Valley, with the ultimate objective of optimizing the entire water resource system. The history and economy of the area are dealt with in detail. Esti- mates of current and future value of water are made, with projections of future population growth and water requirements. Laws and institutions de- veloped to control and manage the area water re- sources are examined. Potential legal problems are presented and discussed. Physical character- istics of the area's water resources and water pro- duction systems are described. Mathematical models are developed which relate water costs to system usage and response. (Author) PB-205 409 PC A02/MF A01 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra (Australia). Div. of Land Research. Instrumentation for Crop-Environment Mea- surement in a Tropical Savannah Climate G. F. Byrne, C. W. Rose, J. E. Begg, W. R. Torssell, and H. G. McPherson. 1971, 19p Rept no. Technical paper-32 Descriptors: 'Meteorological instruments, Data processing, 'Micrometeorology, Tropical regions, Plants(Botany), Water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Forage grasses, Heat flux, Climatology, Mass transfer, Energy, Lysimeters, Data processing equipment, Errors, Australia. Instrumentation used in the study of the energy, water vapour, and carbon dioxide fluxes involved in the growth of two tropical forage crops is de- scribed, the system being based on a digital data logging system and a weighing lysimeter. The data handling procedure is outlined and the sampling and measurement errors likely to occur are consid- ered. (Author) PB-205 761 PC A07/MF A01 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Saipan, Mari- ana Islands. Economic Development Div. Copra Processing in the Trust Territory. A Report to the Congress of Micronesia William H. Stewart. 1971, 138p Descriptors: 'Mariana Islands, 'Copra processing, Economic development, Vegetable oils, Industrial plants, Market research, International trade, Reve- nue, Food consumption. Identifiers: Coconut meal. The report analyzes the factors involved in proc- essing copra in the Trust Territory into crude coco- nut oil and copra cake. The report is more than a feasibility analysis in that it discusses the econom- ics of manufacturing or processing in the Trust Ter- ritory. (Author) PB-206 121 PC A03/MF A01 Arizona Univ., Tucson. Modeling of Hydrologic Processes and Water Salvage Procedures in Semiarid Regions Rept. for Jul 69-Jun 71 M. M. Fogel, J. L. Thames, and L. Duckstein. 25 Dec 71, 41p OWRR-A-020-ARIZ(4) Contract DI-14-01-0001-1622 Descriptors: 'Surface water runoff, Mathematical models, 'Rainfall, Semiarid land, 'Water re- sources, Management planning, Probability theory, Random variables, Rainfall intensity, Thunder- storms, Monte Carlo method. A methodology is set forth to model and analyze rainfall and runoff events utilizing the basic con- cepts of probability theory to the general modeling problem. The procedure looks at an event such as thunderstorm rainfall in light of the number of oc- currences in a given time period and the magni- tude and spatial distribution of each event. A Pois- son distribution was found to adequately describe the number of events per season and a geometric distribution for the depth of rainfall at a point per storm. These distributions were then combined to produce an extreme-value distribution for thunder- storm rainfall. (Author) PB-206 539 PC A20/MF A01 Central Treaty Organization, Ankara, (Turkey). CENTO Symposium on Hydrology and Water Resources Development. Held In Ankara, Turkey, 7-12 February 1966 Dec 66, 464p TA/OST-AN-66-2-1 Descriptors: 'Hydrology, 'Water resources, Eco- nomic development, Economic factors, Ground water, Surface waters, Developing countries, Meetings, Turkey. Identifiers: 'Water resources development, CENTO. The document presents the papers delivered at a symposium on hydrology and water resources de- velopment held in Ankara, Turkey, 2-12 February 1 966. It is felt that the meeting marked a step for- ward in considering the extent and need to devel- op knowledge of a region's water resources as a vital foundation for economic development pro- grams. The general topics covered include water resources development, surface hydrology, groundwater hydrology, and agricultural and indus- trial problems. (Author) PB-206 549 PC A14/MF A01 Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif. A Manual on Water Desalination. Volume I. Technology Apr 67, 322p TA/OST-AN-67-4-1 Contract AID/csd-1 440 See also Volume 2, PB-206 550. Descriptors: 'Desalting, 'Reviews, Manuals, Distil- lation, Freezing, Electrodialysis, Osmosis, Evapo- ration, Electric power plants, Nuclear power plants, Materials recovery, Brines, Industrial plants, Indus- trial engineering, Chemical engineering, Water supply, Feasibility, Design criteria,' Developing countries. Identifiers: Electrodialysis desalination, Reverse osmosis desalination, Verticle tube evaporation, Multistage flash distillation, Vapor compression distillation, Solar distillation, Vacuum .freeze vapor compression desalination. The manual has been prepared as a guide in eval- uating the feasibility of desalination in water-short areas where desalination may be competitive with other water sources. The manual is divided into two volumes, which may be used independently of each other. Volume I includes a discussion of the state of the art of the major desalination process- es. Specific topics include: Saline water phenom- ena and definitions; state of the art of distilllation, freezing and crystallization, electrodialysis, and re- verse osmosis processes; description of typical plants; dual-purpose electric power generation- water desalination plants; recovery of chemicals as by-products; summary of major conceptual design studies. PB-206 550 PC A09/MF A01 Kaiser Engineers, Oakland, Calif. A Manual on Water Desalination. Volume II. Economics Apr 67, 179p TA/OST-AN-67-4-2 Contract AID/csd-1440 See also Volume 1 , PB-206 549. Descriptors: 'Water supply, 'Desalting, 'Develop- ing countries, Desalting, Water resources, Eco- nomic development, Feasibility, Questionnaires, Cost estimates, Sea water, Brackish water, Solu- bility, Capital costs, Operating costs, Site surveys. The report provides guidelines for the initiation of a program for defining and solving the water short- age problems of a particular nation or region using desalination. Its scope includes the formulation of a logical and feasible water development plan; the accomplishment of preliminary feasibility studies on the possible solutions, and the determination of the most promising course of action based upon the results of these studies; and the accomplish- ment of a detailed engineering feasibility and eco- nomic study of the possible alternatives. A series of estimating aids and nomographs for determing capital costs of desalination plant facilities is in- cluded. (Author) PB-206 698 PC A03/MF A01 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. General Engineering Lab. Refrigeration-Cooling Systems for Rural Com- munities in Developing Countries Dec 62, 45p TA/OST-AN-62-12-1 Contract AID-REPAS-1 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, Food storage, 'Food storage, 'Refrigerating, Evaluation, Ice re- frigeration, Controlled atmospheres, Steam jet re- frigeration, Thermoelectric refrigeration, Transport refrigeration, Rural areas. A review and evaluation is provided of alternative refrigeration-cooling systems for application in the rural areas of newly developing countries. The 53 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES available equipment suited to the needs of these countries is identified, and development opportuni- ties for improved equipment systems are delineat- ed. The scope of the document is restricted to community or village sized facilities for fresh food preservation. A list of equipment manufacturers is included. (Author) PB-206 700 PC A08/MF A01 Central Treaty Organization, Ankara (Turkey). CENTO Conference on Industrial Vocational Education Held in Ramsar, Iran on June 23-30, 1968 Apr 69, 171p TA/OST-AN-69-4-1 Descriptors: 'Industrial training, 'Developing countries, Planning, Instructors, Counseling, Meet- ings, Turkey. Identifiers: 'Vocational education. The report provides the texts of most of the papers presented at a conference on the problems of vo- cational industrial education. Some of the topics covered are: manpower planning and vocational education; elements of a coordinated national pro- gram; education and training patterns for develop- ing manpower; developing effective programs for vocational education and training; structure and use of advisory committees on vocational educa- tion; programs for preparing teachers; occupation- al testing, guidance, counselling, and follow-up. PB-206 701 PC A22/MF A01 Central Treaty Organization, Ankara (Turkey). Seminar on Evaluation of Water Resources With Scarce Data, Held in Tehran, Iran on March 4-8, 1969 Final rept. Jan 70, 51 5p TA/OST-AN-70-1 -2 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Evaluation, 'Hy- drology, Developing countries, Meetings, Stream flow, Watersheds, Droughts, Water quality, Sur- face water runoff, Agriculture, Water supply, Water storage, Reservoirs, Iran. The report is comprised of papers, orginally pre- sented at a seminar held 4-8 March 1969 in Tehran, Iran, which deal with the evaluation of water resources within the limitations imposed by this scarcity of data. Some of the topics covered are: Minimal data gathering procedures; Maximum utilization of scarce data in hydrological design; Preparation of long term flow sequence from short term records; Drought frequency analysis by means of synthetic flow sequences; Estimation of factors controlling streamflow in areas of limited data; Land treatment in agricultural watershed hy- drology research. (Author) PB-206 775 PC A12/MF A01 Continental-Allied Co., Inc., Washington, D.C. Five Industries for the Central African Republic Erwin J. Sholton, and Edward A. Tenenbaum. Nov 65, 267p TA/OST-AN-65-11-1 Contract AID/afr-288 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, Industries, 'Economic development, Developing countries, Surveys, Profits, Investments, Demand(Economics), Capital, Marketing. Identifiers: 'Central Africa Republic. Isolated by geography, lacking low-cost means of transportation, the Central Africa Republic earns comparatively little from her exports, and pays heavily for her imports. It is considered imperative that the CAR. reorient her economy towards man- ufacture of goods for her own market. A survey was made of private investment opportunities in in- dustry and commerce in the C.A.R. Five possible new industries - storage batteries, asbestos cement, starch, reconstituted mild and ice cream, and tomato puree - were selected on the basis of this survey and studied in detail. In each case, it was found that the industry can operate to serve C.A.R.'s internal market, to reduce present prices, and to earn a profit of at least 25% per annum. (Author) PB-206 776 PC A08/MF A01 Central Treaty Organization, Ankara(Turkey). CENTO Traveling Seminar on Farm Tools and Implements Sep 68, 154p TA/OST-AN-68-9-1 Descriptors: 'Agricultural machinery, Surveys, 'Developing countries, Agricultural machinery, Handbooks, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey. A survey was carried out in Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey to help determine what could be done to provide farmers of these countries with better farm tools and more power to help them increase farm production. Major emphasis was laid on the collec- tion of information on tools and implements in cur- rent use. In addition, consideration was given to a number of tools and attachments which it was felt should be of wider use than at present. This report was prepared as a result of the survey. It is in the form of a handbook for use by agricultural techni- cians, extension workers, farmers, students, and producers of farm machinery as an aid in their work to promote practical, useable ideas which apply to their areas. (Author) PB-206 790 PC A17/MF A01 Iowa State Univ., Ames. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. Agricultural Water Demands. Future Water and Land Use: Effects of Selected Public Agricul- tural and Irrigation Policies on Water Demand and Land Use Final rept. Earl O. Heady, Howard C. Madsen, Kenneth J. Nicol, and Stanley H. Hargrove. Nov 71, 388p NWC-F-72-031 Contract NWC-71-013 Descriptors: 'Water supply, 'Agriculture, 'Land use, Water resources, 'Irrigated land, Forecasting, Arable land, Mathematical models, Population growth, Policies, Prices, Farm crops, Poultry, Food, Fibers, Livestock, Water quality, Demand(Economics), Linear programming, Inter- national trade, Statistical data. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether the Nation has enough water and land to satisfy its future food and fiber needs. Secondary objectives are to estimate agricultural demands for water, to illustrate the substitutions between water and land and to estimate levels of commodity prices, value of water rights and land rents related to water use alternatives. The study is based on a large-scale linear programming model of U.S. agri- culture. The analysis incorporates alternative sets of parameters for (1) population, (2) water prices, (3) technological advance, (4) exports and (5) ab- sence or existence of government supply control programs. All projections are for the year 2000. (Author) PB-206 798 PC A10/MF A01 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. General Engineering Lab. Preliminary Report of Field Survey Teams on the Generation and Utilization of Power In Rural Areas of Developing Countries Sep 62, 21 1p TA/OST-AN-62-9-1 Contract AID-REPAS-1 See also PB-206 800 and PB-206 801 . Descriptors: 'Electrification, 'Rural areas, 'Devel- oping countries, Electrification, India, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Surveys, Electric power generation, Utilization, Economic analysis. The report presents the principal impressions and tentative conclusions of field investigations on the generation and utilization of electric power in rural areas which were conducted in India, Chile, Co- lombia, and Peru. The first part of the report pro- vides a general review of existing rural electrifica- tion programs in India and Colombia. The remain- ing portions contain the observations of the field survey teams on the significance of small scale power units from the standpoint of village develop- ment programs. PB-206 799 PC A06/MF A01 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Architectural Research Lab. A Preliminary Investigation of the Potential use of Foam Plastics for Housing In Underdevel- oped Areas Rept. dated Jul 62-Feb 63 Stephen C. A. Paraskevopoulos, Harold J. Borkin, Robert M. Darvas, and C. Theodore Larson. Feb 63, 102p TA/OST AN-63-2-1 Descriptors: 'Houses, 'Cellular plastics, 'Devel- oping countries. Houses, Structural plastics, Struc- tural engineering, Structural design, Mechanical properties, Production methods, Construction, Laminated plastics. The report describes a study of the feasibility of using plastics, particularly foam plastics, for low- cost housing in developing countries. The advan- tages of foam plastics are reviewed, as are the im- portant physical properties, present structural ap- plications, and potential uses in housing of the ma- terials. The mechanical properties of foam plastics are discussed from the point of view of structural engineering, production methods, and erection techniques. A number of promising structures are illustrated. (Author) PB-206 800 PC A06/MF A01 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Advanced Technology Labs. Small-Scale Power Supplies for Rural Commu- nities in Developing Countries Mar 63, 120p TA/OST-AN-63-3-1 Contract AID-REPAS-1 See also PB-206 798 and PB-206 801 . Descriptors: 'Electric power generation, 'Rural areas, 'Developing countries, Electric power gen- eration, Electric power plants, Electric generators, Economic analysis, Utilization. The report describes and evaluates alternative small-scale technologies for supplying electric energy to rural communities in developing coun- tries. It appraises the technical suitability of cur- rently available small-scale power supplies, and delineates near-term and far-term development opportunities for improved equipment systems. The technologies considered include: Internal combustion engine generators; small scale hydro- electric plants; thermal vapor engine generators; gas turbine generators; wind generators, photovol- taic solar cells; thermoelectric generators; and fuel cells. PB-206 801 PC A03/MF A01 General Electric Co. Schenectady, N.Y. Advanced Technology Labs. Generation and Utilization of Power for Rural Communities in Developing Countries Summary rept. May 63, 39p TA/OST-AN-63-5-1 Contract AID-REPAS-1 See also PB-206 798 and PB-206 800. Descriptors: 'Electrification, 'Rural areas, 'Devel- oping countries, Electrification, 'Electric power generation, Developing countries. Electric gener- ators, Electric power plants, Utilization, Economic analysis. The principal objective of the project was to assess the need for and significance of electric power for the development of rural communities, with particular attention to the utility and feasibility of small scale power supplies as a means of pro- viding power to village communities. The specific areas of concern included: Small-and intermedi- ate-scale generating plants and grid connections for rural communities; utilization of electric power in rural communities for irrigation, rural industry, and illumination; technical appraisal of potential small-scale power sources, refrigeration-cooling systems, and water treatment processes; and technical support for rural development. (Author) PB-206 803 PC A10/MF A01 Robinson (C. W.) and Co., Inc., New York. Cooperative Effort In Industrial Development Final rept. 1962-1966. 54 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Dec 66, 203p TA/OST-AN-66-12-1 Contract AID/nesa-28 Descriptors: 'Nepal, 'Industries, 'Economic de- velopment, "Developing countries, Reviews, Proj- ect planning, Investments, Banking business, Fi- nancial management. The Nepal Industrial Development Corporation (NIDC) has the responsibility of coordinating the Nepalese Government's program to mobilize pri- vate capital in sound and profitable industrial en- terprises. This report summarizes selected activi- ties and achievements that have been of particular significance in the success of the NIDC during the period from July 1962 to December 1966. Among the topics discussed are: Management of NIDC; banking activities; meeting special problems of bank clients; investment promotion; development of human resources; pre-investment studies; in- dustrial districts. (Author) PB-206 804 PC A13/MF A01 Central Treaty Organization, Ankara, (Turkey). CENTO Conference on Agricultural Extension, Held In Ankara-Denlzli-lzmlr, Turkey, 12-22 April 1967 Oct 67, 286p TA/OST-AN-67-10-1 Descriptors: 'Education, Developing countries, 'Agriculture, Economic development, Meetings, Agricultural machinery, Marketing, Livestock, Fer- tilizers, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey. Identifiers: 'Agricultural extension work. Agricultural extension is an educational processes. It brings to agricultural communities the knowledge and skills developed by research institutions, and by making these known it seeks to improve the level of agricultural production. This report is com- prised of papers presented at a symposium, held in Ankara, Denizli, and Izmir, Turkey, 12-22 April 1 967, which was called to provide an opportunity for extension service officials to review practical approaches to successful extension work at the farmer level. (Author) PB-206 805 PC A13/MF A01 Mississippi State Univ., State College. Seed Tech- nology Lab. Seed Processing and Handling Charles E. Vaughan, Bill R. Gregg, and James C. DE Louche. Jan 68, 296p Handbook-1, TA/OST- AN-68-1-1 Contract AID/W-607 Descriptors: 'Seeds, 'Processing, Handling equip- ment. Developing countries, Handbooks. Identifiers: 'Seed processing. Seeds are processed to remove contaminants, to size-grade for plantability, to remove damaged or deteriorated seed, and to apply seed treatment materials. This handbook was prepared as an in- troduction to seed processing and handling. Var- ious types of equipment are considered. The main features and component parts, principles of sepa- ration, uses, and operational procedures are dis- cussed for each machine. Emphasis is placed on the concept of the 'processing line', that is, the combination, proper sequence and arrangement of machines, conveyors, and procedures required for handling and processing seeds. (Author) PB-206 806 PC A04/MF A01 International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna, (Philippines). Performance and Economics of Use of Small Equipment in Tropical Monsoon Countries: The Case of the Philippines Stanley S. Johnson. Apr 68, 52p TA/OST-AN-68- 4-1 Descriptors: 'Agricultural machinery, 'Philippines, Economic development, Developing countries, Monsoons, Performance. Mechanized agriculture is being introduced in the countries of Southeast Asia with varying degrees of success and acceptance. This paper discusses the status of mechanization in one of those coun- tries, the Philippines. It provides the background in which this mechanization is proceeding, and then discusses the types of equipment that are being introduced. The performance data of these ma- chines under Philippine conditions, and the eco- nomics of their use, are also presented. (Author) PB-206 851 PC A05/MF A01 Organization for Social and Technical Innovation, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Industrialized Housing. The Opportunity and the Problems In Developing Areas, Ideas and Methods Exchange No. 66 Ian Donald Terner, and John F. C. Turner. Jan 72, 80p* Sponsored in part by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, 'Mass produc- tion, 'Developing countries, Residential buildings, Reviews, Building, Industries, Automation, Con- struction, Prefabrication, Feasibility, Errors, Stand- ards, Mass production, Manufacturing, Expenses, Asia, Africa, South America. Identifiers: 'Industrialized housing. The problem of providing suitable shelter in the world's less developed nations is one of critical ur- gency. While this problem grows more and more acute, the industrialized nations of North America and Europe are struggling to meet their own hous- ing needs through an increasingly advanced tech- nology. It is a natural consequence of this process for housing manufacturers, technicians and public officials to seek possible applications of this ad- vanced technology in less developed countries. In recent years, HUD's Office of International Affairs has increasingly been called upon to advise do- mestic housing producers and, through AID, for- eign governments and developers on the appropri- ateness of industrialized techniques abroad. It has attempted to correct widely held misconceptions, while witnessing the costly failures of many at- tempts to develop criteria to assess the value of existing industrialized systems abroad, and at the same time to assist in the design of new systems created specifically for that market. (Author) PB-206 902 PC A04/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Industrializing at the Grass Roots Level in the Philippines Rept. for 1959-1963 Kenneth P. Sheldon. 1963, 63p TA/OST-AN-63- 13-1 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, Industries, 'Economic development, Developing countries, 'Philippines, Economic development, Surveys, Natural resources, Agriculture. Identifiers: Tarlac(Philippines). The establishment of a first industry in an underde- veloped region stimulates others into being; a small beginning is enough to set up a chain reac- tion. This principle has been demonstrated time and again in the Philippines and in other develop- ing countries. The document shows how this start was made in the highly agricultural provinces in the Philippines and the proper way for it to develop. In addition to a general discussion of principles and procedures, the document contains, for the pur- pose of providing a concrete example, a detailed report of a survey made of a single Philippine prov- ince (Tarlac) to obtain practical information con- cerning its resources, natural advantages, and the desires of its people regarding industrialization. (Author) PB-206 904 PCA11/MFA01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. An Industrial Park Development Program for Central America Keith E. Duke, Phillip L. Adams, and Robert W. Davenport. Nov 64, 234p TA/OST-AN-64-11-2 Descriptors: 'Central America, 'Industries, 'Eco- nomic development, 'Developing countries, Feasi- bility, Project planning, Industrial plants, Parks, Roads, Site surveys, Plant location, Financial man- agement. Identifiers: Industrial parks, Industrial develop- ment. The development of a number of industrial parks in Central America could be an important means of stimulating industrial growth and promoting indus- trial development in this region. This document provides the results of a study undertaken to deter- mine the desirability and feasibility of establishing such industrial parks, and to define the nature, scope, and costs of an industrial parks program. The topics covered include the purposes and char- acteristics of industrial parks in Central America, the physical infrastructure and its general influence on industrial growth and location of industrial parks in the region, specific proposed locations for indus- trial park sites, and financial and organizational re- sources for an industrial parks program. (Author) PB-206 913 PC A04/MF A01 Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Project Colorado. Feasibility Studies. Prelimi- nary Designs Harry F. Troxell, and Carlos E. De Sa. 1964, 61 p TA/OST-AN-64-13-1 Prepared in cooperation with Bahia Univ., Salvador (Brazil). Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Develop- ing countries, 'Industries, 'Brazil, Industrial mobili- zation, Feasibility, Food industry, Ceramics. Identifiers: Colorado project, Ceramics industry. Project Colorado is a program of cooperation for industrial development in the State of Bahia, Brazil. The objectives, to develop new small, rural indus- tries and to train business and engineering lead- ers, are accomplished by utilizing faculty and stu- dents from the University of Bahia and Colorado State University. The industrial development activi- ties are based on a thorough analysis of the ad- vantages and opportunities the region has to offer. Feasibility studies, followed by preliminary designs, were made for the following industries: Poultry and egg; ceramic products; peanut oil extraction; slaughterhouse for cattle and hogs; mandioca processing; and fruit processing. The document contains detailed reports of each of these industri- al prospects by the personnel who contributed to the general evaluation, the marketing data, and the production requirements. PB-206 967 PC A03/MF A01 Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C. Report on Small Industry Programs in Turkey Ross D. Davis. 15 Feb 65, 41 p TA/OST-AN-65- 2-2 Descriptors: 'Turkey, 'Industries, 'Economic de- velopment, 'Developing countries, Planning, Inter- national trade, Evaluation. Identifiers: Small industry. The report sets out observations based on a visit to Turkey made in January 1 965 by the Executive Administrator of the U. S. Small Business Adminis- tration. The purpose of the visit was to evaluate certain plans of the Government of Turkey de- signed to modernize small-scale industry, to pro- mote its integration into a balanced pattern of in- dustrial development, and to create in small indus- try a significant capacity for import substitution and export activities. The topics covered in the report include: Role of small industry in Turkey; planning for small industry; current activities to support small industry; some useful principles to guide the development and operation of small industry pro- grams; comments on the small industry programs in Turkey; an agency for small industry programs. (Author) PB-206 968 PC A03/MF A01 Checchi and Co., Washington, D.C. Central African Industrial Coordination Survey Robert Manly. Jul 65, 45p TA/OST-AN-65-7-2 Contract AID/afr-292 Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Industries, 'Economic development, Developing countries, Developing countries, Metals, Electric equipment, Tools, Machinery, Vehicles, Africa. 55 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Identifiers: *Cameroun, 'Central African Republic, "Chad, 'Congo, 'Zaire, 'Gabon. The report presents the findings and conclusions of an Industrial Coordination Survey of the Central African sub-region of Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), and Gabon. The principle objec- tive of the study, which was done in association with the Economic Commission for Africa, was to investigate the possibilities for sub-regional harmo- nization of industrial development. A list of indus- tries that appear to have a market potential in the sub-region was developed, and certain specific in- dustries were considered in detail with respect to coordination. The report also contains a section dealing with entrepreneurship and the encourage- ment of industrial growth in the sub-region. (Author) PB-206 969 PC A13/MF A01 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Architectural Research Lab. Architectural Research on Structural Potential of Foam Plastics for Housing In Underdevel- oped Areas Research rept. 1962-1965 Stephen C. A. Paraskevopoulos, Harold J. Borkin, J. Sterling Crandall, James L Haecker, and Willard A. Oberdick. Nov 65, 295p TA/OST AN-65-11-2 Descriptors: 'Houses, 'Cellular plastics, 'Devel- oping countries, Houses, Structural plastics, Struc- tural engineering, Marketing, Plastics industry, Structural forms, Structural analysis, Construction, Laminated plastics. A feasibility study, reported in PB-206 799, estab- lished the desirability of investigating the use of foam plastics as structural materials, in the belief that such a development could contribute towards a resolution of housing problems throughout the world. This report describes a research program aimed at exploring the structural potential of these materials for housing in underdeveloped areas. A review is provided of plastics from the standpoint of physical properties, raw materials resources, production, and marketing. A detailed description is given of a structural investigation of foam plas- tics, and a number of demonstration structures are analytically described. (Author) PB-206 970 PC A04/MF A01 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Colum- bus Labs. Prefeasibllity Study of an Expanded Leather and Shoe Industry in West Africa to 1980 Research rept. Konrad Biedermann. 29 Jul 66, 57p TA/OST-AN- 66-7-1 Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Develop- ing countries, 'Industries, 'Africa, Leather, Shoes, Industrial mobilizing. Identifiers: 'Leather industry, 'Shoe industry. Cooperative economic-development planning on a basis that includes the entire West African sub- region promises to result in an industrial develop- ment pattern that might contribute to a more effec- tive and economic utilization of African resources and to improvement in living standards. This re- quires, however, obtaining an overview of what a feasible industrialization pattern for specific indus- tries within the sub-region might be over a period of 1 to 1 5 years. An attempt is made, in the report, to answer some of the basic questions along these lines for the leather and shoe industry in West Africa. Consideration is given to West African mar- kets for leather and shoes, current production ca- pabilities, feasible expansion of leather and shoe production to 1980, and the potential importance to economic development of West Africa. PB-206 971 PC A03/MF A01 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Colum- bus Labs. Prefeasibllity Study of an Expanded Paint Products Industry In West Africa to 1980 Research rept. Harry W. Barr, Jr. 29 Jul 66, 41 p TA/OST-AN-66- 7-2 Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Develop- ing countries, 'Industries, 'Africa, Paints, Industrial mobilizing. Identifiers: 'Paint industry. A study was undertaken to gain an approximation of what a feasible industrialization pattern for the paint products industry in the West African sub- region would appear to be in the period up to 1 980. The report provides the results of the study. Con- sideration is given to current markets for paint products, projected markets to 1980, Local pro- duction of raw materials and paint products, and potential importance to the economic develop- ment of West Africa. PB-206 972 PCE01/MFA01 Miner (Thomas H.) and Associates, Inc., Chicago, III. Pre-lnvestment Study. Meat Packing Industry for Entente Guaranty Fund Nov 67, 177 TA/OST-AN-67-11-1 Contract AID/afr-496 Descriptors: 'Food industry, 'Meats, 'Africa, Food industry, 'Livestock, Food industry, Economic analysis, Economic development, Market re- search, Developing countries, Investments, United States. Identifiers: 'Meat packing industry. Livestock are among the principal resources of the West African Savanna zone, and surplus livestock have, for centuries, supplied some of the con- sumption needs of the populous Coastal cities many hundreds of miles to the south. It is believed that this traditional livestock trade can be rationa- lized principally by more slaughterhouses in the producing zone, and subsequent shipment of meat to the consuming areas. This procedure would tend to add more value to the products of the stock raising countries, while providing better and cheaper meat to consumers. Accordingly, an eco- nomic and technical analysis was undertaken aimed at inducing U. S. private investment in the livestock industry in Niger and Upper Volta to serve markets in Ivory Coast, Togo, Dahomey, Ghana, Nigeria, and other appropriate markets. Consideration was given to availability of livestock in Niger and Upper Volta, and type of existing po- tential consumer markets. PB-206 976 PC E01/MF A01 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Architectural Research Lab. Factors Governing the Introduction of Foam Plastics for Housing Use In Underdeveloped Areas of the World Stephen C. A. Paraskevopoulos, Harold J. Borkin, J. Sterling Crandall, C. Theodore Larson, and Willard A. Oberdick. Jun 66, 65 TA/OST AN- 66-6-1 Descriptors: 'Houses, 'Cellular plastics, 'Devel- oping countries, Houses, Laminated plastics, Structural plastics, Structural engineering, Struc- tural design, Construction, Roofs, Sheathing, Buildings. The technical and economic feasibility of using foam plastics in housing in underdeveloped areas of the world has been established, as described in previous reports in this series. This document rep- resents a follow-up intended to advise AID specifi- cally on the introduction of foam plastics for hous- ing use abroad and to report on progress of an on- going testing program. Paper-laminated foam board gives every indication that it is a building ma- terial suitable for many different applications, and possible uses of this material in inexpensive roof- ing systems are described and illustrated. (Author) PB-206 977 PC A06/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- cultures. Fishculture Survey Report For West Central Africa. Increasing Fish Production by Im- proved Fishcultures D. D. Moss, G. B. Pardue, and M. J. Danner. 30 Jun 69, 125p TA/OST-AN-69-6-3 Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, Surveys, 'Economic development, 'Africa, Fisheries, Developing coun- tries, Marketing, Research projects, Food process- ing, Drying, Shrimps, Shellfish, Fresh water fishes, Marine fishes. Identifiers: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo. Intensive fishculture is an effective means of pro- ducing protein of high quality. In view of this, a survey was made of the status and needs of fish- culture activities in the following West Central Afri- can nations: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo. Attention was given to existing programs being carried out in inland fisheries, with emphasis on fishculture projects, and to the marketing and eco- nomics of the fisheries in each country. (Author) PB-207 132 PC A03/MF A01 Maynard (H. B.) and Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Feasibility of Ipecac Extraction Plant Final rept. Eugene H. Payne. Apr 66, 45p TA/OST-AN-66-4- 1 Contract AID/csd-239, PIO/T-51 1-049-3-20346 Descriptors: 'edicinal plants, Drug industry, 'Drug industry, Industrial plants, 'Developing countries, Drug industry, Drugs, Plants(Botany), Alkaloids, Extraction, Economic development. Identifiers: Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 'Ipecac, 'Bo- livia. 'Brazilian' ipecac is the rhizome and root portions of the low growing vine Cephaelis (Uragoga) ipeca- cuanha. It is the source of emetine and several other alkaloids. The report presents the results of a study undertaken to determine the feasibility of establishing facilities to distill ipecac in Bolivia. It was found that such a facility would be economi- cally sound only under one or both of two condi- tions: (1) that the cultivation of ths source plant be encouraged; and (2) that it be operated in conjunc- tion with the extraction of other products, such as cocillana, achiote, and cinchona. PB-207 192 PC A04/MF A01 Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Techniques for Assessing Water Resources Potentials in the Developing Countries, with Emphasis on Streamflow, Erosion and Sedi- ment Transport, Water Movement In Unsaturat- ed Soils, Ground Water, and Remote Sensing in H ydrologic Applications Preliminary rept. George C. Taylor, Jr. Dec 71, 73p Grant PASA-TA(IC)-9-72 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Developing coun- tries, 'Hydrology, Research, Stream flow, Soil ero- sion, Sediment transport, Ground water, Remote sensing, Probes, Soil water. The preliminary report describes techniques for assessing water-resource potentials in the devel- oping countries, most of which lie in the tropics. Techniques or methodology for measuring or eval- uating hydrologic parameters are described in the categories of streamflow, erosion and sedimenta- tion, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water and remote sensing in hydrologic applica- tions. Selected bibliographies of each of these cat- egories are included. (Author) PB-207 385 PC A07/MF A01 Inter-American Geodetic Survey, Fort Clayton. Canal Zone. Natural Resources Div. Natural Resources-Cadastral Inventory. Nica- raguan Pilot Project Report for 1965-1966. Mar 66, 126p TA/OST-AN-66-3-I Descriptors: 'Land surveys, 'Nicaragua, 'Devel- oping Countries, Natural resources, Geology, Geo- 56 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES morphology, Climatology, Hydrology, Soils, Land use, Land titles, Developing countries. Identifiers: Cadastral surveys. In preparation for a comprehensive cadastral and natural resources survey of Nicaragua, a pilot survey was undertaken in an agricultural area in the vicinity of Leon. The primary purpose was to provide orientation for those Nicaraguan special- ists expected to occupy leading roles in the plan- ning and execution of the comprehensive survey. This report presents a description of the geology, geomorphology, climatology, hydrology, soils, land use, and cadastral aspects of the region as deter- mined by the survey. (Author) PB-207 393 PC A05/MF A01 National Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges, Washington, D.C. The Institutional Development Agreement. A New Operational Framework for A.I.D. and the Universities Jan 70, 96p TA/OST-AN-70-1-3 Descriptors: *Grants, 'Universities, "Economic de- velopment, "Developing countries, Projects, Agreements. Identifiers: Technical assistance, Agency for Inter- national Development. This is the report of a joint committee of the Na- tional Association of State Universities and Land Grant Colleges (NASULGD) and the Agency for In- ternational Development (A.I.D). The committee was asked to consider and recommend measures to improve operating arrangements between A.I.D. and the universities, including possible arrange- ments for experimental types of A.I.D. grants to universities for overseas technical assistance pro- jects. The committee paid special attention to a type of development activity for which American colleges and universities are especially well suited - the multi-year technical assistance project de- signed to aid in the establishment or improvement of educational and research institutions in less de- veloped countries. PB-207 400 PC A04/MF A01 National Science Foundation, New Delhi (India). Science Liaison Staff. Science Education Improvement Project 1970, 71 p TA/OST-AN-70-13-1 Descriptors: "Education, "India, "Developing countries, Education, Programmed instruction, De- veloping countries, Research, Schools, Project planning, Improvement, Classifications. Identifiers: Science education, "Curriculum devel- opment. The report covers the activities of the Indian Sci- ence Improvement Project during the calendar year 1970. The major emphasis is on curriculum development activities. Topics covered include elementary and secondary school science pro- grams, travelling science workshop, college sci- ence improvement program, special college/uni- versity programs, technical education, binational conferences, teaching aids, and participant train- ing. PB-207 491 PC A17/MF A01 Volunteers for International Technical Assistance, Inc., Schenectady, N.Y. Village Technology Handbook May 70, 382p TA/OST-AN-70-5-1 Descriptors: "Community development, Rural areas, "Developing countries, Handbooks, Eco- nomic development, Crafts, Water resources, Sanitary engineering, Irrigation, Roads, Construc- tion materials, Food, Snails, Washing, Heating. Identifiers: Village technology. Village development takes on special importance in the light of the fact that 80% of those who live in less developed countries live in villages. This handbook is aimed at helping villagers to master the resources available to them. The general topics covered include water transport; storage, and purification, latrines, bilharziasis control, irriga- tion and road-building, poultry raising, silage, stor- ing food at home, storing vegetables and fruit for winter use, how to salt fish, concrete construction, bamboo construction, glues, solar water heater, washing machines, cookers and stoves, home soap making, and bedding. PB-207 495 PC A17/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Science, Technology, and Development. Volume I. Natural Resources. Energy, Water, River Basin Development 1962, 381 p TA/OST-AN-62-13-1 See also Volume 3, PB-207 496. Descriptors: "Economic development, "Develop- ing countries, "Natural resources, Developing countries, Electric power. Cooperation, Rural areas, Coal mining, Fuels, Crude oil, Refineries, Water supply, River basin development, Energy, Reviews, Meetings. The document is volume one of a twelve volume series containing papers of U.S. origin which were submitted at a conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of Less Developed Areas, held in Geneva in 1963. It in- cludes the following papers: Electrical distribution grid design and construction for rural areas, The REA program and the role of rural electric cooper- ative, TVA's experience with a power utilization program for rural areas, Some problems in initiat- ing power supply in less developed areas, Rural electrification and rural development, Typical prob- lems in the development of modern power supply in less developed areas, Practical application of coal mining technology, Metallurgical, domestic, and industrial utilization of low-rank coals; Auxiliary injected blast furnace fuels, Financing oil expan- sion, Economics and design of smaller petroleum refineries. PB-207 496 PC A12/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Science, Technology, and Development. Volume III. Agriculture 1962, 273p TA-OST-62-13-3 See also Volume 4, PB-207 497. Descriptors: "Economic development, Developing countries, *Ag:iculture, Developing countries, Re- views, Labor relations, Farms, Management plan- ning, Food habits, Nutrition, Meetings, Dietetics, Fisheries, Irrigation, Soil science, Plant genetics, Plant diseases, Pest control. The document on agriculture is Volume 3 of a twelve volume series on science and technology in developing countries. It includes the following papers: Organizing for Agricultural Development; Tenure of farms; Motivation, productivity, and effi- cient use of labor, land and capital; Agricultural - Industrial Development, Effective Communication, Improving management in agricultural develop- ment, Meeting human needs through agricultural and food practices, Changing dietary and health practices, International cooperation in nutrition, re- search and planning; The evolution of soil science, Irrigation as a modern science, Plant genetics in increasing food production, Understanding and Control of Plant Diseases, and Protection from Insect and Vertebrate Pests. PB-207 497 PC A09/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Science, Technology, and Development. Volume IV. Industrial Development 1962, 199p TA/OST-AN-62-13-4 See also Volume 5, PB-207 498. Descriptors: "Economic development, "Develop- ing countries, "Industries, Developing Countries, Reviews, Policies, Financing, Marketing, Re- search, Iron and steel industry, Food processing, Wood products, Computer programming, Socio- metrics, River basin development. Identifiers: Technology. Volume 4 of a twelve volume series on science and technology in developing countries includes the following papers: Policy considerations in ex- panding industrial development, Creating a practi- cal industrial development program, Adequate capital for industrialization; Planning Management in Industrializing Countries, Small and medium in- dustry in development, Markets as a basis for in- dustrial development; Integrated river-basin devel- opment and industrialization; The research insti- tute as a key industrial development instrument, the Computer and High-Speed Information Proc- essing industrial development; The iron and steel industry in a developing economy, Food process- ing and the developing society, and the forest products industry in economic development. PB-207 507 PC A17/MF A01 Basin Electric Power Cooperative, Bismarck, N. Dak. Rural Housing Manual William A. Schott. Mar 71, 378p* Sponsored in part by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: "Residential buildings, "Rural areas, "Regional planning, "Manuals, Community devel- opment, Surveys, Project planning, Financing, Co- operation, Legislation, Land use, Classifications, Management planning. Identifiers: Housing cooperatives. The key to success in a housing program lies in the ability and desire of the local rural leadership to attain good low-cost housing. To accomplish this goal, personnel must be adequately informed and trained. It is intended that this training manual, along with technical assistance will provide rural electric cooperatives with the information they need. PB-207 520 PC A18/MF A01 California Univ., Berkeley. Inst, of Transportation and Traffic Engineering. Opportunities for Cost Reduction In the Design of Transport Facilities for Developing Regions 1970, 403p TA/OST AN-70-12-2 Contract DOT-OS-A9-004 Descriptors: "Transportation, "Developing coun- tries, Cost engineering, Transportation, Roads, Design standards, Cost analysis, Construction, Savings, Air transportation, Waterway transporta- tion, Ground vehicles, Economic models. The document provides the results of an examina- tion of traditional designs of transport facilities in the developing countries with a view to reducing total initial and/or operating costs, or to reducing costs devoted to the imported elements. The topics include: road cost analysis and design standards; road construction cost model; a road maintenance cost model; opportunities for cost savings in highway engineering design; economics of one-way bridging; potential cost savings in the design of water crossings; potential cost savings in the design and use of ground vehicles; opportuni- ties for cost reductions in aircraft, airways, and air- ports; potential cost-savings in the selection of wa- terway and harbor techniques; harbors and associ- ated facilities; economic models for choice of transport techniques in developing countires; tra- deoffs between construction costs and mainte- nance costs. PB-207 534 PC A04/MF A01 Council for International Progress in Management (USA), Inc., New York. Report of Management Training Specialists Team, Brazil Rept. for 31 Aug- 12 Dec 64 Robert C. Dietrick, Louis C. McAnly, and James W. Quigg. Dec 64, 57p TA/OST-AN-64-12-2 Contract PIO/T-5 12-40297 Descriptors: "Industrial management, "Manage- ment training, "Brazil, Economic development, De- veloping countries, Brazil, Project planning, Orga- nization theory. The document summarizes the activities of a man- agement training team which was assigned the re- sponsibility of working with trainers of managers in 1 5 Productivity Centers in Brazil, of demonstrating 57 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES improved techniques at the local plant level, of giving consultation and advice to productivity insti- tutions on organization and activities programs, and of giving assistance to other management de- velopment institutions in Brazil. The program at each Center consisted of round-table discussions, plant visits, case study solutions, and the use of all other modern techniques to develop a local nucle- us of management experts for the expansion and multiplication of Brazilian instituional self-help ef- forts. PB-207 613 PC A06/MF A01 Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C. Report on Potential Growth of Aquatic Plants of the Lower Mekong River Basin, Laos-Thai- land Mark L. Nelson, Edward O. Gangstad, and Donald E. Seaman. Feb 70, 125p TA/OST-AN- 70-2-1 Descriptors: "Aquatic weeds, River basins, 'River basin development, Developing countries, Multiple purpose reservoirs, Weed control, Irrigation canals, Plant growth, Laos, Thailand. Identifiers: *Pa Mong project, Mekong River. The Pa Mong project is a hydroelectric power and irrigation system on the Mekong River, in Laos and Thailand. Concern has been expressed as to what extent aquatic vegetation, such as water hyacinth, will interfere with the operation and maintenance of the project. This document is the report of a team that was assembled to assess problems, evaluate present methods of dealing with these problems, and make design and research recom- mendations relevant to multi-purpose water re- source projects in the Lower Mekong Basin. In- cluded in the report are a section on growth poten- tials describing a number of local factors bearing on the aquatic weed problem. (Author) PB-207 618 PC A04/MF A01 Lyon Associates, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Usage Manual for Sampling and Testing Later- Ite and Laterltic Soils and Other Problem Soils of Africa 1971, 72p TA/OST AN-71-6-2 Contract AID/csd-2164 Prepared in cooperation with Building and Re- search Institute, Kumasi, Ghana. Descriptors: 'Soil tests, Africa, *Roads, 'Develop- ing countries, Identifying, Sampling, Laterites, Manuals. Identifiers: * Lateritic soils. Soil testing is an important and integral part of highway design and construction. This manual has as its purpose the provision of basic details on: identifying the various soils; the laboratory equip- ment required to perform the tests; exploration and sampling techniques for soils; and laboratory test procedures. The format is straightforward and simple with many illustrations provided. It is ex- pected that even inexperienced engineers and technicians will find the manual relatively easy to use in the field. (Author) PB-207 619 PC A04/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Office of International Affairs. Planning Sites and Services Programs. Ideas and Methods Exchange No. 68 Alfred P. Van Huyck. Jul 71, 75p TA/OST-AN-71- 7-1 Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, Site surveys, 'Project planning, 'Developing countries, Urban- ization, Policies, Neighborhoods, Foreign coun- tries, Socioeconomic status. Identifiers: Low income families, Lessons learned, Dwelling services projects. Housing sites and services projects are not a new idea, but the adoption of the concept on a massive scale is only just now gaining credibility as the most feasible method for dealing with the vast numbers of low-income people seeking land and shelter in the developing world. This document analyzes reasons that sites and services projects should be a major part of the urbanization program of the developing countries. It also discusses the lessons to be learned from previous worldwide ex- perience with the sites and services concept. A method is proposed for planning the sites and services project, and suggestions are given as to how the individual project should be viewed in the context of a national program. PB-207 625 PC E01/MF A01 Educational Development Center, Newton, Mass. A Comparison Study for Evaluating Primary School Science in Africa Eleanor R. Duckworth. Oct 71, 60 TA/OST-AN- 71-10-1 Contract AID/csd-772 Descriptors: 'Education, 'Developing countries, 'AfriGa, Education, Performance evaluation, Schools. Identifiers: 'Science education, Primary schools. The African Primary Science Program has been developed in eight different African countries and is currently in the initial stages of implementation in these countries. The program differs from conven- tional science teaching in that it attempts to pro- vide an opportunity for children to know the world on their own terms. Its goals are to equip children with the basis for having their own ideas of inter- esting ways to use materials that are available to them, of having interesting questions to ask about things, and of ways to go about answering their questions. The report provides an evaluation of the program. In the process, it describes an evaluation methodology which involves the observation of various aspects of children's activity, alone and in groups, in a manner which is conducive to an un- derstanding of what is actually happening. PB-207 626 PC A07/MF A01 Utah State Univ., Logan. Office of International Programs. Rural Industrial Technical Assistance (RITA) Lawrence C. Taylor, Dalton Andrade, Robert Collier, and George Seely. Jul 71, 129p TA/OST AN-71-7-2 Contract AID/la-291 Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Universi- ty of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil). Descriptors: 'Industries, Developing countries, 'Developing countries, 'Economic development, Training, Selection, Project planning, Cost analy- sis, Brazil. Identifiers: RITA project. Project RITA (Rural Industrial Technical Assist- ance), Rio Grande Do Norte, was a program de- signed to provide assistance in industrial develop- ment to selected areas in the interior of the State of Rio Grande Do Norte. The project team consist- ed of professors and graduate students from the Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte and from Utah State University. Their efforts involving the study, selection, planning, organization, and establishment of small and medium sized busi- nesses in the project area are reported in this doc- ument. (Author) PB-207 628 PC A06/MF A01 Education Development Center, Newton, Mass. Beginning Science Curriculum for English Speaking Tropical Africa (African Primary Sci- ence Program) Final rept., 1960-71. 1 Dec 71, 125pTA/OST-AN-71-12-1 Contract AID/csd-772 Descriptors: 'Education, 'Developing countries, 'Africa, Education, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda. Identifiers: 'Science education, Curricula. The African Primary Science Program, which was established in 1960 as part of the African Educa- tion Program, has operated widely in English- speaking African countries. Science centers nave been established with program assistance in seven of these: Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda. Its goals have been centered on changes in Pedagogy, but it has also sought to influence the role of education in developing countries. The report records and doc- uments the Program's development, its changing structure, and its efforts to respond to the needs of the countries involved and developing African ini- tiative. PB-207 636 PC A14/MF A01 Lyon Associates, Inc., Baltimore, Md. Laterite and Lateritic Soils and Other Problems Soils of Africa. Development of Engineering Standards and Criteria for the Usage of Later- ite, Lateritic Soils, and Other Problems Soils in Connection with the Constructio n of Roads, Highways and Airfields Jun 71, 308p TA/OST AN-71-6-1 Contract AID/csd-2164 Descriptors: 'Soil properties, 'Africa, 'Roads, 'Developing countries, Laterites, Clay soils, Soil stabilization, Tropical regions, Ghana. Identifiers: 'Lateritic soils. Roadway design practices in the tropics have evolved, by and large, from American and Europe- an experience. The adequacy of these proce- dures, which were devised through experience with temperate zone soils, have never really been evaluated for the climatic conditions, the soils, and the traffic patterns of tropical Africa. It was there- fore decided that lateritic materials, so plentiful in tropical areas, should be studied in a thorough re- search program. This document represents the re- sults of such a study carried out in tropical Africa, with emphasis on Ghana. A review of the pertinent literature is provided for both lateritic soils and tropical black clays, and the engineering properties of both types are described. (Author) PB-207 647 PC A10/MF A01 International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philippines). Agricultural Equipment Development Research for Tropical Rice Cultivation Semiannual progress repts. nos. 10, 11, 12, 13, 1 Jan 70-31 Dec 71 Amir U. Khan, Fred E. Nichols, and J. Bart Duff. 31 Dec 71, 207p TA/OST-AN-71-12-2 Contract AID/csd-2541 Descriptors: 'Agricultural machinery. Developing countries, Rice, Cultivation, Tropical regions. Identifiers: Rice cultivation. The document deals with efforts toward the design, development, and extension to commer- cial manufacturers of power-driven equipment suit- able for use in the production and processing of rice under tropical conditions. Emphasis has been placed on the development of equipment for use by farmers in the 2 - to 1 - hectare size category, and which can be fabricated within the countries of the region employing locally available resources and manpower to the maximum extent possible. (Author) PB-207 812 PC A03/MF A01 Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacks- burg. Wood In the Construction of Mass-Produced Houses Geza Ifju, and E. George Stern. Aug 71, 28p Descriptors: 'Structural members, 'Structural timber, 'Residential buildings, Mass production, Mechanical properties, Strength weight ratio, Life(Durability), Cost engineenng, Foundations, Structural design. Identifiers: Low cost housing. The properties and characteristics of wood, that are important in its engineered use in building and construction and, especially, in the mass-produc- tion of low-cost houses, are presented in an up-to- date approach by means of specific examples in a two-part presentation: Part I deals with the proper- ties of wood which make it especially suitable for construction. The principal topics covered are strength-weight relationships and durability. Part II covers recent developments in the use of wood in the prefabrication and mass production of low-cost houses with particular reference to their founda- tions. 58 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES PB-207 862 PC-GPO/MF A01 Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. Preparation and Appraisal of Transport Pro- Rept. for 1964-65 Jun 68, 107p TA-OST-AN-68-6-1 Paper copy available from GPR $1 .25 as Stock No. TD1.2:T68/6. Descriptors: "Developing countries, •Transporta- tion management, Project planning, Evaluation, Handbooks, Concepts, Methodology, Economic analysis, Engineering standards. Traffic, Systems analysis, Benefit cost analysis, Decision making. The report is drawn largely from existingeconomic and engineering knowledge to provide a guide for making transport investment decisions in the less developed countries. Specific topics include speci- fying transport problems and identifying alternative courses of action, design of a transport study, analysis of present and potential traffic, capacity of an existing transport system, estimating benefits from transport investments, appraisal of costs and determination of alternative technical solutions, and decision criteria for choosing among alterna- tive investment possibilities. PB-207 980 PC A02/MF A01 Road Research Lab., Crowthorne (England). A Review of Rural Traffic-Counting Methods In Developing Countries J. D. G. F. Howe. 1972, 25p Rept no. RRL- LR427 Descriptors: 'Traffic surveys, Developing coun- tries, 'Vehicular traffic, Rural areas, Counting, Data acquisition, Reviews, Questionnaires, Meth- odology, Automation, Recommendations. Identifiers: Traffic counting methods. The report reviews methods of rural traffic count- ing currently used in developing countries and ex- amines the accuracy of the resulting flow esti- mates. The results of a questionnaire surveys among a sample of developing countries suggest that decisions on the duration, frequency, and timing of counts are at present arbitrary. It is sug- gested that for increase in the accuracy of rural traffic estimates automatic traffic counters be used on a wider scale than at present. PB-208 432 PC A16/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Science, Technology, and Development. Volume II. Natural Resources. Minerals and Mining, Mapping and Geodetic Control 1962, 362p TA/OST-AN-62-13-2 See also Volume 1 , PB-207 495 and Volume 3, PB- 207 496. Descriptors: 'Natural resources, 'Developing countries, 'Mineral deposits, 'Economic develop- ment, Geological surveys, Government policies, Organizations, Project planning, Mining engineer- ing, Regional planning, Pakistan, ChiTe, Mexico, Processing, Mapping. The volume includes the following papers: Govern- ment as a dynamic agent in mineral resource de- velopment, The role of national geological surveys in mineral resources development, The impor- tance of a central mines bureau in fostering devel- opment of mineral resources, Legislative choices in the development of mineral resources, Develop- ment organization and operation of the Institute in Chile, Opportunities for regional organization in mineral resources development, A cooperative program in Pakistan, In-service and university training of geologists and mineral engineers, Non- metallic mineral resources for fertilizers, Regional heavy-mineral reconnaissance for ore deposits in deeply weathered areas with semi-humid to humid and temperate to tropic climate. PB-208 550 PC A04/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Solar Energy In Developing Countries: Per- spectives and Prospects Mar 72, 60p* TA/OST-NAS-72-34 Contract AID/csd-2584 Descriptors: 'Solar energy, 'Developing countries, Solar power generation, Utilization, Evaporation, Heating, Drying, Distillation, Air conditioning, Re- frigerating, Direct energy conversion. This is a report of an ad hoc Advisory Panel, made up of specialists from the United States and abroad, to: (1) Assess the state of the art in utiliz- ing solar energy for developing countries and review current practical applications; (2) identify promising areas for research and development; and (3) examine the desirability of establishing an international solar energy institute in North Africa, to carry out solar energy research and develop- ment. PB-209 172 PC A02/MF A01 Water Resources Council, Washington, D.C. Summary: Federal Agency Technical Com- ments on the Special Task Force Report Enti- tled 'Procedures for Evaluation of Water and Related Land Resource Projects' Final rept. Jul 70, 17p Rept no. US-WRC-0088 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Management plan- ning, Project planning, Economic development, Regional planning, Social welfare, Cost analysis, Accounting, Research management, Reviews. The report contains a condensation of and blend- ing without evaluation of the technical comments by the various agencies. (Author) PB-209 175 PC A03/MF A01 Water Resources Council, Washington, D.C. Principles for Planning Water and Land Re- sources Final rept. Jul 70, 31 p Rept no. US-WRC-0091 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Management plan- ning, 'Natural resources, Management planning, Economic development, Regional planning, Social welfare, Benefit cost analysis, Standards, Cost es- timates. The report discusses principles to provide a broad policy framework for planning activities and includ- ing the conceptual or theoretical basis for plan- ning. (Author) PB-209 176 PC A13/MF A01 Water Resources Council, Washington, D.C. Standards for Planning Water and Land Re- sources Final rept. Jul 70, 296p Rept no. US-WRC-0092 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Management plan- ning, Standards, Benefit cost analysis, Cost com- parison, Economic development, Water supply, Flood control, Social welfare. The document is a report on Standards to provide uniformity and consistence by comparing, measur- ing and judging benefits, costs, and alternatives. (Author) PB-209 177 PC A10/MF A01 Water Resources Council, Washington, D.C. A Summary Analysis of Nineteen Tests of Pro- posed Evaluation Procedures on Selected Water and Land Resource Projects Final rept. Jul 70, 21 2p Rept no. US-WRC-0093 Descriptors: 'Water resources, Management plan- ning, Abstracts, Tests, Regional planning, Stand- ards, Project planning, Economic development, Cost analysis. The tests pointed up many areas in the report of June 1 969, where ambiguities existed and further clarification was required. Test results substantiat- ed that the June report was concerned primarily with concepts and included only a few standards and procedures to implement them. Tests have in- dicated that the multiobjective approach to plan- ning is practical. (Author) PB-210 105 PC A08/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D. C. Office of Science and Technology. The Role of the Agency for International Devel- opment in the Field of Natural Resources Plan- ning and Management Apr 72, 153p Rept no. TA/OST-72-8 Descriptors: 'Natural resources, Management, 'Developing countries, Economic development, Meetings. Identifiers: 'Natural resource management. The report is one of the results of a Workshop on Natural Resource Planning and Management which was held on 21 January 1 972 at Washing- ton, D. C. It describes the key issues, significant observations, and major findings and conclusions which emerged from that session, as well as from documentation presented by U. S. technical agen- cies and multilateral institutions both in advance of and subsequent to the workshop. Some of the subjects covered include: Significance of natural resources to economic growth; constraints on nat- ural resources development; current role of gov- ernments, development assistance agencies, and private industry; special capabilities of the United States for international assistance; activities and perspectives of U. S. technical agencies and inter- national development institutions. (Author) PB-210 128 PC A21/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca. Center for Housing and Envi- ronmental Studies. Research Methods for Housing and Urbaniza- tion Studies in Developing Countries Margaret E. Woods, and Earl W. Morris. 30 Jun 69, 479p TA/OST-AN-69-6-5 Contract AID/csd-81 7 Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, 'Puerto Rico, 'Urban development, Latin America, 'Demo- graphic surveys, Developing countries, Research, Sociometrics, Economic factors. Political systems, Family relations, Socioeconomic status, Improve- ment, Project planning. Identifiers: San Juan(Puerto Rico). A pilot study of urban housing was undertaken in San Juan, Puerto Rico, to design and test method- ological tools for the conduct of housing research in the urban areas of Latin America. Social, eco- nomic, demographic, and political aspects of urban housing were studied, and the document is based on the findings of that study. The first portion pro- vides a broad survey of methods of survey re- search and their applicability to the conduct of sample surveys in the urban areas of developing nations. Next, methodology and techniques are presented for measuring housing characteristics and quality, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of families, attitudes, aspirations, and value orientations with respect to housing, and two means by which a housing situation may be improved. PB-210 129 PC A03/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D. C. Div. of International Affairs. Prolonging Life of Wood In Houses Ideas and methods exchange J. Robert Dodge. Jun 67, 43p IME-47, TA/OST- AN-67-6-1 Revision of reports dated Jul 63 and Dec 57. Descriptors: 'Wooden structures, 'Wood preser- vatives, 'Wood preservatives, Residential build- ings, Tropical regions, Protection, Curing, Damage, Termites, Coal tar, Creosote, Phenol, Naphthen- ates, Copper organic compounds, Chlorine aroma- tic compounds, Drying, Poisons. Identifiers: 'Wood preservation, Phenol/ Pentach- loro, Copper naphthenates. Dwellings constructed entirely or in part of wood frequently deterioriate rapidly due to readily avoid- able errors in the design of the structures and in the curing, use, or protection of the wood. This is especially true in the humid tropical areas with a high incidence of insect infestation. This document contains the most widely accepted information on the protection of wood. It is intended to serve as a reference and check list for housing technicians. 59 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The topics include: Sources of damage; protection against damage; wood preservatives; methods of treatment; soil poisons; air drying lumber; boiler- less dry kilns; drying by solar radiation. (Author) PB-210 130 PC A03/MF A01 Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Care and Maintenance of Farm Machinery. A Handbook for Farm Operations in Tropical Ag- riculture Areas Norwin Braun. Jun 68, 49p TA/OST-AN-68-6-2 Prepared in cooperation with Nigeria Univ., Nsukka. Descriptors: "Agricultural machinery, 'Handbooks, 'Developing countries, Agricultural machinery, Maintenance, Farms, Safety, Preventive mainte- nance, Tropical regions. A functional farm workshop is a most valuable asset to any university farm. It is even more impor- tant in developing countries that are remote from ready access to machinery replacements, space parts, and company field men. In order to keep ma- chinery in the best working condition, a thorough preventive maintenance program must be devel- oped and closely adhered to. This handbook is in- tended as a guide for such a program. The first portion concerns itself with farm machinery safety; this is followed by a discussion of the structure and role of the mechanic section of a farm operations department. (Author) PB-210 138 PC A04/MF A01 Jordan (Roy E.), Jr. The Ceramics Industry in Thailand 1970 Oct 70, 72p TA/OST-AN-70-10-1 Contract AID/ea-1 18 Descriptors: 'Industries, 'Ceramic materials, 'Thailand, Ceramic materials, Economic develop- ment, Developing countries, Manufacturing, Inter- national trade. The ceramic industry of Thailand is just beginning to emerge as an economic force in the kingdom. The rapid growth of the ceramic market in Thailand has let to marked expansion in domestic produc- tion and has attracted large joint venture invest- ments in manufacturing facilities for ceramic prod- ucts formerly imported. This report reviews availa- ble data and information on Thailand's ceramic in- dustry and trade. Included is information on exist- ing ceramic enterprises as well as approved or planned industrial projects. Sources, relative prices, and the volume of imports are discussed, as well as other aspects of the growth potential in the ceramic sector. Data are also included on raw materials and their locations in the kingdom. A pre- liminary identification is made of investment oppor- tunities. (Author) PB-210 332 PC A12/MF A01 National Inst, of Community Development, Hyder- abad (India). Development and Change in a Bengal Village Research rept. Ajit Kumar Danda, and Dipali Ghosh Danda. May 68, 266p RR-20, TA/OST-AN-68-5-2 Report on the Diffusion of Innovations in Rural So- cieties. Prepared in cooperation with Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing. Dept. of Communication. Descriptors: 'Social change, 'India, 'Social com- munication, 'Developing countries, Attitudes, Agri- culture, Community relations. Identifiers: West Bengal(lndia), Technological change. The report presents a study of the process of planned change in a village of West Bengal, India. It describes in general terms the positive and neg- ative reactions of farmers toward specific agricul- tural programs. The special emphasis is on the de- termination of the causes of rejection of an im- proved agricultural practice. The communication process of conveying modern ideas and practices to the villagers was also examined. The report de- scribes the physical setting of the village, commu- nity structure, development and change, and adoption of innovations. (Author) PB-210 507 PC E01/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Div. of International Affairs. Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Wall- board Jun 67, 63 TA/OST-AN-67-6-2 Descriptors: 'Wallboard, Manufacturing, 'Industri- al engineering, Wallboard, Industrial plants, Devel- oping countries, Operating costs, Requirements, Economic analysis. The term 'wallboard' is applied to those construc- tion materials which may be made from one of sev- eral types of fibrous residues, including bagasse, cereal straws, and cornstalks. These sheets are used in many ways in building construction, and the raw materials of which they can be made are to be found all over the world. This document pro- vides a guide for the establishment and operation of a wallboard manufacturing plant. The topics covered include: Principles of wallboard manufac- turing; the manufacturing process; building require- ments; materials requirements; equipment require- ments; labor requirements; overhead rate; unit cost of manufacturing; capital requirements; sales revenue; and projected profit and loss. Detailed operation sheets are given for each major step in the manufacturing process. (Author) PB-210 508 PC A04/MF A01 National Inst, of Community Development, Hyder- abad (India). Communication in India. Experiments in Intro- ducing Change Joseph E. Kivlin, Prodipto Roy, Frederick C. Fliegel, and Lalit K. Sen. May 68, 64p TA/OST- AN-68-5-1 Descriptors: 'Social communication, 'India, 'Social change, 'Developing countries, Literacy, Education, Radio communication. Identifiers: Technological change. An often encountered difficulty experienced by de- velopment programs involves gaining acceptance of beneficial changes by the populace. This docu- ment reports the results of a communication ex- periment which attempted to induce adoption of modern agricultural, health, and family planning practices by the inhabitants of a number of villages near Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study sought to evaluate the continuing effects of two communication treatments: radio farm forums, and literacy training classes. The results indicate that while knowledge of the practices spreads rather quickly, adoption is slow and at low levels. Some progress was made, however, and clear cut differ- ences in the effectiveness of the communication treatments were exhibited. (Author) PB-210 574 PC A07/MF A01 Westinghouse Research Labs., Pittsburgh, Pa. Program to Develop Useful Artificial Heart and Ventricular Assist Devices. Volume III Final rept. Jan 70-Jun 71 J. N. Heifer, L C. Vercellotti, P. J. Hite, V. L Gott, and J. M. Evans. Jun 71, 137p PH-43-67- 1 1 39-3-3 Contract PH-43-67-1 139 Revision of report dated Dec 69. See also Annual rept. dated Jan-Dec 70, PB-197 252, and Volume 2, PB-210 573. Descriptors: 'Mechanical hearts, Maintenance, 'Mechanical organs, Design, Heart, Cardiovascu- lar system, Physiology, Blood pressure, Blood cir- culation, Aorta, Evaluation, Quality control. Identifiers: Intraaortic balloon devices, 'Cardiac assist devices, Biomaterials. The objectives of the program are the continued development of a safe, simple, reliable, and effec- tive intra-aortic balloon assist device. Four tasks are defined to carry out these objectives including balloon development and testing, device improve- ment, physiological testing, design of a clinically acceptable device, and providing specifications, drawings, and assistance to the Medical Devices Applications Program. Volume I reports in detail the progress achieved under these tasks. Volume il describes in detail the calibration, setup, and op- erating procedure for Units 001 to 040. Volume is the Maintenance Manual for the devices. PB-210 592 PC A21/MF A01 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Colum- bus Labs. Transportation Technology for Development. Volume I E. S. Cheaney, R. D. Leis, and D. M. Landreman. Feb 68, 488p TA/OST-AN-68-2-1 Contract AID/csd-762 See also Volume 2, PB-21 593. Descriptors: 'Developing countries, 'Transporta- tion, Management, Construction, Manpower, Ca- pacity, Vehicles, Maintenance, Economic develop- ment, Pipeline transportation, Highway transporta- tion, Rail transportation, Air transportation, Water transportation, Passenger transportation, Cargo transportation. Identifiers: 'Technology, Modal choices, Intermo- dal cargo transportation. This report provides background information on the technology of various transportation modes and their capabilities. It is intended primarily for use by economists, program officers, general engi- neers, and others in the economic development field. Information is included on the broad capaci- ties of particular modes to handle freight and pas- senger traffic; major features and the advantages and limitations of each mode in terms of technical capabilities; levels of technological sophistication that can be adopted within each mode; and the 'inputs' of right-of-way preparation and construc- tion, materials, vehicles, equipment, maintenance, and manpower required at each level to produce an 'output' of transport service. Volume One con- tains sections on: Intermodal factors of choice in transportation; highway transportation; railway transportation; conventional air transportation; V7 STOL aircraft; inland waterway transportation; oceanway transportation; pipeline transportation; and intermodal freight exchange. PB-210 593 PC A12/MF A01 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, Ohio. Colum- bus Labs. Transportation Technology for Development Volume II E. S. Cheaney, R. D. Leis, and D. M. Landreman. Feb 68, 265p TA/OST-AN-68-2-2 Contract AID/csd-762 See also Volume 1 , PB-21 592. Descriptors: 'Development countries, 'Transpor- tation, Monorail railways, Belt conveyors, Ground effect machines, Hydrofoil craft, Power supplies, Factor analysis, Cargo vehicles, Passenger vehi- cles. Identifiers: Aerial tramways, Off road vehicles, Technological factors, Special purpose vehicles. The second volume of the transportation technol- ogy for development study contains sections on: Aerial tramway transportation systems; beltway (endless moving belt) transportation systems; monorail transportation systems; air cushion (or ground effect, surface effect) vehicle transporta- tion systems; hydrofoil transportation systems; special purpose vehicles (i.e., those capable of moving over terrain away from established route networks); new power sources and their effect on transportation technology; external technological factors (food production, water supply, mining and mineral processing, petroleum production, power generation) and their influence on transportation needs. PB-210 594 PC A10/MF A01 Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Surface-Water Resources of the Yobe River System, Northern Nigeria, 1963-68 B. E. Colson. Jan 69, 206p TA/OST-AN-69-1-1 Prepared in cooperation with the Government of Nigeria. Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Developing coun- tries, 'Nigeria, 'Watersheds, Hydrographic sur- veys, Surface waters. Identifiers: Yobe River. 60 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The Yobe River system, which is tributary to Lake Chad, drains an area of about 33,000 square miles in a semi-arid region of northern Nigeria. This report describes the general hydrologic features of the Yobe drainage basin and presents hydrologic data on gage heights, daily discharge, and analysis of chemical quality and sediment content of water samples for 1 8 stations in the system. (Author) PB-210 595 PC A03/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Economic Comparison of Overseas Manufac- ture and Importation of Anhydrous Ammonia Mar 69, 29p TA/OST-AN-69-3-1 Descriptors: 'Ammonia, 'International trade, "De- veloping countries, Ammonia, 'Fertilizers, Devel- oping countries, Economic analysis, India, South Vietnam, Uruguay, Cost estimates, Production, Chemical engineering. Identifiers: Imports. Ammonia is the principal form in which fixed nitro- gen is used in the manufacture of fertilizer materi- als. The production of ammonia by reacting hydro- gen with atmospheric nitrogen is the basis of the modern nitrogen fertilizer industry. The report com- pares the economics in developing countries of im- porting ammonia from suppliers having large plants and low-cost feedstocks with those of pro- ducing the material under local conditions. Three countries, India, South Vietnam, and Uruguay, are used as a basis of the comparison. As these coun- tries have widely divergent needs for fertilizer ma- terials, the costs applicable to them should be rep- resentative of many other developing countries with similar needs and resources. (Author) PB-210 596 PC A05/MF A01 Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, D.C. Technlloglcal Change in Agriculture. Effects and Implications for the Developing Nations Dana G. Dalrymple. Apr 69, 88p TA/OST-AN-69- 4-2 Descriptors: 'Agricultural economics, 'Developing countries, Mass production, Grain crops, Agricul- tural machinery, Policies, Economic development, Project planning. Identifiers: Technological change. The effects of technological changes in agriculture in the less developed countries are a matter of in- creasing concern. As efforts to expand agricultural production begin to pay off, the many and complex ramifications of technological change become more and more evident. This document provides an introduction to some of the major effects of technological change in agriculture. Included among the topics considered are: The nature of technological change; adoption process for agri- cultural technology; impact of changes in agricul- tural technology; high-yielding varieties of grain; mechanization of agriculture; and policy implica- tions of technological change. (Author) PB-210 597 PC A08/MF A01 Foreign Economic Development Service, Wash- ington, D.C. An Analysis of the Potentials and Prospects of Increasing Edible Oil Production in West Paki- stan Frederic A. Coffey, D. M. Yermanos, J. R. Wilcox, B. M. Waddle, and P. F. Knowles. Sep 71, 170p FEDS-Field-11, TA/OST-AN-71-9-2 Descriptors: 'Vegetable oils, 'Developing coun- tries, Production, Cottonseed, Soybeans, Peanuts, Safflower oil, Sesame oil, Oilseeds, West Pakistan. Identifiers: 'Sunflower seeds. The report represents one phase of a study on the potential for increasing oilseed production in West Pakistan. It provides a review of research, produc- tion potential, and problems of oilseed production and processing in Pakistan and in the United States and other countries where relevant. It in- cludes a general economic analysis as well as de- tailed discussions on the production of safflower, sesame, peanuts, soybeans, sunflowers, and cot- tonseed. (Author) PB-21 1 367 PC A04/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Desert Encroachment on Arable Lands: Signifi- cance, Causes, and Control Aug 72, 61 p Rept no. TA/OST-72-10 Descriptors: 'Deserts, Stabilization, 'Arable land, Protection, Dunes, Soil stabilization, Water table, Cultivation, Soil erosion, Soil conservation, Arid land. Identifiers: 'Desert encroachment, Dune progres- sion, Water management. Desert encroachment is a problem of significant economic consequence in a number of developing countries. The problem becomes more acute as population increases. The report gives an overview of the causes and significance of the problem and the state-of-the-art of control methods. It highlights causes and significance, gaps in knowledge and technology, and the nature and potential of recent efforts to control desert encroachment. (Author) PB-21 1 428 PC A03/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Engineering Evaluation of Selected Fertilizer Production Facilities in Colombia I. W. McCamy, and D. R. Waggoner. Aug 70, 43p Bull-Y-10, TA/OST-AN-70-8-1 Descriptors: 'Fertilizers, Developing countries, 'Industrial plants, Evaluation, Production methods, Flow charts, Operating costs, Investments, Blend- ing, Handling equipment, Colombia. The report is the result of a study by a team of experts of two segments of the Colombian fertilizer industry: (1) the facilities of Fertilizantes Colom- bianos, S.A. (FERTICOL), and (2) a sampling of small bulk-blending plants. The first part of the report provides general information about the fertil- izer situation in Colombia. The results of the analy- sis of the FERTICOL plant are then presented. This includes flow diagrams of alternative produc- tion schemes, and projections of investment and operating costs. Similarly, operating problems are identified and alterations in equipment, raw materi- als, and procedures to improve operations are sug- gested for the bulk-blending plants. (Author) PB-21 1 444 PC A05/MF A01 Iowa State Univ., Ames. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. Future Alternatives Affecting the Agricultural Demand for Water and Land: The Effects of Soy Protein Meats and Nitrogen Fertilizer Re- strictions on Future Water and Land Use Final rept. Howard C. Madsen, Earl O. Heady, Stanley H. Hargrove, and Kenneth J. Nicol. Jun 72, 93p* NWC-F-72-054 Contract NWC-72-012 Descriptors: 'Land use, 'Agriculture, 'Water re- sources, Agriculture, 'Food supply, Substitutes, 'Fertilizers, Utilization, Soybeans, Meat, Proteins, Nitrogens, Irrigated land, Water consumption, Mathematical models, Forecasting, Linear pro- gramming. Identifiers: Soy protein concentrate. The study evaluates the impact on land and water needs and farm prices if either soy protein meat analogs and extenders were substituted for part of the beef consumption in the year 2000 or nitrogen fertilizer application in the year 2000 were restrict- ed to 100 pounds per acre and 50 pounds per acre. The study is based on a large-scale linear programming model of U.S. agriculture. Results of the soy protein meats policy models indicate that with soy protein meats accepted by consumers, productive capacity of U.S. agriculture would sur- pass any level previously experienced in this nation. Results of the two fertilizer limitation policy models indicate that a mild restriction on the use of nitrogen fertilizer would not strain the productive capacity of U.S. agriculture. A severe restriction, however, would reduce the supply capacity of U.S. agriculture considerably. (Author) PB-21 1 473 PC A04/MF A01 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ- mental Sciences and Engineering. Engineering Measures for Control of Schisto- somiasis Frederick E. McJunkin. Sep 70, 71 p TA/OST-AN- 70-9-2 Contract AID/csd-2487 Descriptors: 'Schistosomiasis, Control, 'Environ- mental engineering, Schistosomiasis, 'Irrigation canals, Schistosomiasis, Water quality, Parasitic diseases, Infectious diseases, Tropical regions, Developing countries, Bibliographies. The water-related disease schistosomiasis (or bil- harziasis) infects more people today than ever before in history, perhaps as many as 200 million people. Its increasing incidence and widespread prevalence are due in large measure to tropical irri- gation and hydroelectric projects, implemented by engineers. This report provides background infor- mation on schistosomiasis and its control to enable engineers to work effectively with other professionals in design and operation of schistoso- miasis control programs. It also seeks to improve understanding on the part of epidemiologists, ma- lacologists, physicians, and others of the role of engineers in control of schistosomiasis. The pres- ent status of engineering measures for schistoso- miasis control is summarized, and some possible approaches and opportunities for more effective control of schistosomiasis by engineers are out- lined. A bibliography of relevant publications is in- cluded. PB-21 1 487 PC A03/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Office of the Foreign Secretary. The Central American Workshop on the Envi- ronment and Development. Antigua, Guatema- la, July 25-30, 1971 Jul 71, 37p TA/OST-AN-7 1-7-3 Contract AID/csd-2584 Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Central America, 'Ecology, Developing countries, Meet- ings, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondu- ras, Nicaragua, Agriculture, Industries, Services, Regional planning, Education. The primary goals of the Workshop were: to stimu- late awareness of environmental factors in eco- nomic development among leaders in Central America; and to lay the groundwork for concerted actions within the established framework of the Common Market countries (Costa Rica, El Salva- dor, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua). This document records the issues discussed and the conclusions reached. The focus of the workshop was upon the industrial, agricultural, and service industry factors. Consideration was also given to the human environment (principally population pressures), to planning at the regional level, and to educational consequences of environmental prob- lems. (Author) PB-21 1 628 PC A11/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Training Manual for Fertilizer Plant Operators Oct 70, 247p* Circular-Z-17, TA/OST-AN-70-10- 4 Descriptors: 'Fertilizers, 'Chemical plants, 'Man- uals, Chemical plants, 'Chemical engineering, Fer- tilizers, Operators(Personnel), Developing coun- tries, Conveyors, Dust collectors, Weight measure- ment, Fork trucks, Sampling, Packagmgs, Pumps, Compressors, Valves, Fluid filters, Chemical reac- tors, Centrifugal classifiers, Comminution, Refrig- erating machinery, Maintenance, Safety. The purpose of the manual is to assist in the train- ing of fertilizer plant operators in the developing countries. It is an effort to share with the chemical industries in these countries experience that has been obtained over many years of operation at the National Fertilizer Development Center. Simple instructions, accompanied by abundant diagrams, are provided for all types of equipment to be found in most fertilizer plants. The topics covered in- 61 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES elude: Conveyors, elevators, crushers, screens, bins, tanks, dust collectors, weighing equipment, forklifts, front-end loaders, sampling, packaging, pumps, compressors, valves, pipeline flows, filter- ing equipment, absorption and spray tower, agita- tion, overhead cranes, common instrumentation, burners, centrifuges, heating and cooling equip- ment, granulating equipment, neutralization and reaction equipment, concentration equipment, re- frigeration equipment, preventive maintenance, lu- brication, and safety. (Author) PB-211 629 PC A04/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Technical and Economic Evaluation of Fertiliz- er Intermediates for Use by Developing Coun- tries G. C. Hicks, R. D. Young, J. J. Stumpe, M. M. Norton, and M. J. Richards. Mar 70, 56p Bull-Y-3, TA/OST AN-70-3-1 Descriptors: * Fertilizers, Developing countries, In- terational trade, Economic analysis, Liquid ammo- nia, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Liquids, Phos- phoric acids, Phosphorus, India, Vietnam, Uru- guay. Identifiers: South Vietnam. In the past comparatively little emphasis has been placed on the position of fertilizer intermediates in supplying the fertilizer needs of the developing countries. This document provides an economic analysis of the prospects for fertilizer interme- diates in the developing countries. An effort is made to rationalize the economic and practical ex- amples by hypothetical planning exercises for the case of a few typical countries (India, South Viet- nam, Uruguay) with large and small needs for fertil- izers. The intermediates of primary concern are anhydrous liquid ammonia, low or nonpressure ni- trogen solutions, phosphoric acid, and elemental phosphorous. (Author) PB-211 639 PC A04/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Fertilizer Distribution in Indonesia - 1969 John R. Douglas, Jr, Paul J. Stangle, and James E. Hawes. Feb 70, 61 p Bull-Y-1, TA/OST AN-70- 2-3 Descriptors: * Fertilizers, Developing countries, Distributing, Marketing Inventories, Indonesia. During recent years chemical fertilizers have been used with ever-increasing frequency in Indonesia. This report provides the results of a study of fertil- izer marketing and distribution with special refer- ence to the operation of P. N. Pertani, a govern- ment organization which is a major distributor of fertilizers. Among the topics covered are: Organi- zation of P. N. Pertani headquarters unit and typi- cal field units; fertilizer stocks and accounting pro- cedures; procedures for determining fertilizer demand; credit availability; inventory management procedures; and relationship of P. N. Pertani to pri- vate enterprise. (Author) PB-211 640 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Forest Products Lab., Madison, Wis. Low-Cost Wood Homes for Rural America - Construction Manual L. O. Anderson. May 69, 114p A/OST AN-69-5-1 Paper copy available from GPO $1.00 as A1. 76:364. Descriptors: "Houses, 'Wood, 'Construction, Manuals, Rural areas, Wooden structures, Cost factors. Improved housing for rural families means, in many cases, a home that is low in first cost, easily main- tained and equipped for good family living. This manual provides details on the construction of such housing, with special reference to methods and materials which will hold down costs, but will insure quality. It gives step-by-step information on every phase of house construction, from the con- struction of the foundation or supporting units to the final painting and finishing. The manual may be particularly useful to those who plan rural housing efforts; the contractors and skilled and unskilled la- borers who will be concerned with the actual con- struction. (Author) PB-21 1 641 PC A04/MF A01 Foreign Economic Development Service, Wash- ington, D.O Food Marketing in Developing Countries Bibliography series Robert W. Taylor. Dec 71, 56p TA/OST AN-71- 12-3 Also available as A.I.D. Bibliography Series-6. Descriptors: *Food, Developing countries, Market- ing, Bibliographies, Abstracts, Indexes(Documentation). The document brings together a summary of stud- ies on the domestic marketing of food in the less developed countries which have been done by or for the Agency for International Development. It is essentially a bibliography with an abstract provided for each bibliographic entry. The entries ar ar- ranged by general subject, by geographic region, and by commodity. A personal/corporate author index is included. (Author) PB-21 1 642 PC A03/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- culture. Proposed Cooperative Fishery Program for Ec- uador H.S. Swingle. 25 May 71, 44p TA/OST AN-71-5- 1 Descriptors: 'Fisheries, 'Ecuador, Projects, Aqua- culture, Fishes, Shrimps, Reviews, Developing countries. The report is a result of a survey which was under- taken to determine how the U. N. Food and Agri- culture Organization and the U.S. Agency for Inter- national Development could best coordinate their fisheries programs to provide joint assistance of most benefit to Ecuador. Some of the topics dis- cussed are: Reorganization of the Departamen- tode Pisciculture; soils, water, and fish in the Oriente; the coastal area near Esmeraldas; and in- troduced species of fishes in Ecuador. In addition, an outline is provided for a proposed coordinated fisheries program. (Author) PB-211 643 PC A03/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- culture. Fishculture Survey Report for Costa Rica R. T. Lovell, and D. D. Moss. 1 May 70, 42p TA/ OST AN-70-5-2 Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, 'Costa Rica, Develop- ing countries, Surveys, Fisheries, Education, Capi- tal, Research. The report presents observations and recommen- dations which are made as a result of a survey of the inland fisheries of Costa Rica. The survey was undertaken for the purpose of providing technical advice on freshwater fisheries research programs in the country and on developing programs for the production of fish for food by farmers or commer- cial investors. The topics covered in the report in- clude: General conditions in Costa Rica which may affect fishculture considerations; government divi- sions responsible for fisheries development; fish- culture research and training; and available sources of capital, land and feedstuffs. (Author) PB-211 658 PC A06/MF A01 Foreign Economic Development Service, Wash- ington, D.C. The Marketing Challenge. Distributing In- creased Production in Developing Nations Martin Kriesberg. Dec 70, 104p FEDS-7, TA/ OST-AN-70-12-4 Descriptors: 'Marketing, 'Developing countries, 'Food, Marketing, Meetings, Proceedings, Poli- cies, Socioeconomic status, Project planning, Nu- trition, Systems analysis, Problem solving, Sur- veys. Identifiers: Technical assistance. Inadequate transportation and storage, poor market information, lack of capital, and other chronic marketing problems in developing coun- tries have been dramatized by recent production increases. The document is based on a sympo- sium which was organized to focus attention and resources on food marketing in developing na- tions. Topics covered include: Key considerations in marketing policies; marketing enterprises and the flow of resources into marketing functions; nu- trition and marketing food for the needy; efficiency in the marketing system; regional experiences in marketing problems and priorities; and approaches to technical assistance. PB-21 1 663 PC A06/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- cultures. Inland Fisheries Progress in Thailand, 1971 H. S. Swingle, and E. W. Shell. 15 Jan 72, 117p TA/OST-AN-72-1-2 Descriptors: 'Fisheries, 'Thailand, 'Developing countries, Fisheries, Aquaculture, Research, Proj- ect planning, Shrimps, Fresh water fishes, Para- sites, Productivity, Statistical data. The document provides a review and evaluation of the status of and the progress made by the Thai- land inland fisheries program during 1971. Some of the topics covered are: Highlights of 1971 re- search results (village reservoir management, effi- ciency of various fish species, combined rice and fish culture, cage and pen culture of fish, fresh- water shrimp culture); parasites affecting fish and man; problems arising in culture and marketing of Trichogaster pectoralis and Clarias Batrachus; Hatchery production and fish distribution; Depart- ment of Fisheries organization; titles of current and recently completed fisheries research projects; synopsis of physical and biological data for the fisheries units and the fisheries research stations; fisheries statistics. (Author) PB-21 1 669 PC A13/MF A01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Marketing of Staple Food Crops in Tropical Africa: Overall Analysis and Report Final rept. William O. Jones. Jun 69, 280p TA/OST AN-69- 6-6 Contract AID/csd-801 Descriptors: 'Food, Developing countries, Market- ing, Supply(Economics), Urban areas, Commerce, Diets, Efficiency, Subsaharan Africa, Kenya, Nige- ria. Identifiers: 'Sierre Leone. The report is an end product of a study undertaken to identify practical methods for increasing the effi- ciency with which staple foodstuffs are marketed in tropical Africa. It describes the structure of se- lected food marketing systems in tropical Africa in terms of product flow, exchange levels, personnel, and marketing; it appraises the performance of the system; and it identified measures that might be adopted to improve its efficiency. The specific sub- jects of the report are the trade in staple foodstuffs in the supply hinterlands of four major cities: Nair- obi, Kenya; Enugu, Nigeria; Ibadan, Nigeria; and Freetown, Sierra Leone. (Author) PB-211 671 PC A04/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- culture. Aquacultural Developments in Peru D. C. Moss. 30 Apr 72, 57p TA/OST-AN-72-4-2 Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, 'Peru, Developing countries, Fisheries, Personnel development, Re- search, Peru. As part of an overall effort to reduce the outlay of foreign exchange for the importation of beef, the Government of Peru is striving to develop to the fullest extent the country's fisheries resources. An important part of this effort involves aquaculture. This report reviews the present status of aquacul- ture in Peru and provides a series of recommenda- tions for future development. Some of the topics covered include the potential for coldwater and 62 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES warmwater fishculture; a proposed project for cul- turing fish in pens; a proposed warmwater aquacul- tural research station; organizational structure of the Ministry of Fisheries; existing fisheries stations and equipment; and fisheries personnel and their training. (Author) PB-21 1 672 PC A03/MF A01 Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J. Dept. of Food Science. Corn Fortification: A Field Demonstration Model Leonardo J. Mata, Ricardo Bressani, Paul A. Lachance, and Miguel A. Guzman. 12 Jun 71, 45pTA/OST-AN-71-6-3 Descriptors: 'Nutrition, Developing countries, Corn, Additives, Nutritional deficiencies, Proteins, Experimental design, Guatemala, Central America. Identifiers: Food fortification. Protein deficiency is a major problem in Central America, as it is in most societies throughout the world that occupy similar ecosystems. An apparent measure to correct this deficiency in utilizable pro- tein would be to increase the production and con- sumption of animal protein, but the approach has very serious economic and socio-cultural limita- tions. A nutrition improvement approach that ap- pears to be feasible is the fortification of a food that is normally part of the regular diet to a level sufficient to correct the protein deficiency. In the Central American countries corn, which is con- sumed primarily in the form of tortilla, would seem to lend itself well to this technique. This document outlines a proposed field methodology to deter- mine the feasibility of the corn fortification ap- proach at the community level. (Author) PB-21 1 761 PC A06/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. A Fertilizer Program for Bolivia D. A. Russel, R. J. Ballew, J. I. Bucy, and D. A. Waitzman. Jun 70, 114p Bull-Y-9, TA/OST-AN- 70-6-7 Descriptors: "Fertilizers, Developing countries, In- ternational trade, Wheat, Productivity, Marketing, Potatoes, Rice, Fruit crops, Coffee trees, Oilseed crops, Sugarcane, Benefit cost analysis, Tables(Data), Bolivia. Bolivia annually imports over $23 million of agricul- tural products, including wheat, edible oils, fibers, and dairy products. Wheat is by far the most costly of these imports, and it also seems the most ame- nable to increased domestic production through the use of new varieties and fertilizers. With lower costs, fertilizer could also be profitably used on such crops as corn, quinoa, rice, cotton, and sug- arcane. This document provides a review of the fertilizer program in Bolivia, evaluates its need for fertilizer plants, and analyzes the possibilities for fertilizer marketing. (Author) PB-21 1 762 PC A05/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Karachi(Pakistan). The Feasibility of Harvesting, Processing and Marketing Tuna in Pakistan Alvin M. Morgan, S. A. Jalil, Masood A. Burney, Douglas M. Jones, and James G. Unti. 1970, 96p TA/OST AN-70-1 3-3 Prepared in cooperation with Government of Paki- stan, Dept. of Fisheries. Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Developing countries, 'Pakistan, Fisheries, Tunas, Food processing, Fishing grounds, Coasts, Marketing, Economic de- velopment, Canning, Freezing. The geographical locale of Karachi, with access to known productive tuna fishing areas along with a coastal population of traditional fishermen, are fa- vorable considerations in the development of a deep sea tuna fishing industry for Pakistan. There is an increasing world demand for both frozen and canned tuna, especially in the highly industrialized nations of the world. This market offers the oppor- tunity for Pakistan to earn foreign exchange for such other goods that are required for industrial expansion and economic development. This report is primarily concerned with two aspects of tuna fishery development: a fishery fleet, and a fish can- nery. (Author) PB-21 1 774 PC A03/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- culture. Fisheries of Turkey H. S. Swingle. 20 Jan 72, 28p TA/OST-AN-72-1- 3 Descriptors: 'Fisheries, Developing countries, 'Turkey, Aquaculture, Food, Population(Statistics), Chemical laboratories, Laboratory equipment, Water chemistry, Limnology. The document briefly reviews the status of the Turkish fisheries program, and provides some rec- ommendations for possible development. The topics covered include: Food and population; water areas and fisheries; government divisions and universities dealing with fisheries; possibility of fisheries in the poppy-growing areas. Also included are a list of equipment and chemicals needed for a basic water chemistry laboratory; a list of equip- ment needed for a basic limnological research lab- oratory; and a brief list of references of possible use in identifying fishes of Turkey. (Author) PB-21 1 775 PC A04/MF A01 Auburn Univ., Ala. International Center for Aqua- culture. Status of Trout Culture In Peru E. W. Shell. 15 Aug 71, 54p TA/OST-AN-71-8-1 Descriptors: 'Aquaculture, Developing countries, 'Peru, 'Trout, Fisheries, Evaluation. The document reports the results, and provides recommendations based on those results, of a survey of trout hatcheries and trout farms in Peru. The purpose is to evaluate the potential for trout farming in Peru and to evaluate certain aspects of the Ministry of Fisheries' proposed program for the development of the trout farming industry. (Author) PB-21 1 843 PC A03/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Food and Feed Grain Inst. Recommendations for FECOAGROH Grain Storage and Handling Facilities In Honduras Rept. no. 24 Elwyn S. Holmes. Jul 71, 44p TA/OST-AN-71-7-4 Contract AID/csd-1 588 Report on Food Grain Drying, Storage, Handling and Transportation. Descriptors: 'Grains(Food), Food storage, 'Food storage, 'Honduras, Food processing, Ware- houses, Structural design, Materials handling equipment, Drying, Developing countries. The report provides details concerning the devel- opment, design, and evaluation of grain receiving, storage, and handling facilities for the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives (FECOA- GROH) in Honduras. Detailed descriptions and plan views are given of recommended facilities. An appendix lists U. S. manufacturers and suppliers of equipment referred to in the report. The document may be of interest to those planning grain storage and handling facilities elsewhere. PB-21 1 862 PC A12/MF A01 North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst., Raleigh. Effects of Land Use on Municipal Watersheds T. E. Maki, and W. L Hafley. Jul 72, 251 p UNC- WRRI-72-71, OWRR B-010-NC(3) Errata sheet inserted. Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Land use, 'North Carolina, Watersheds, 'Watersheds, Land use, Regional planning, Surface water runoff, Precipitation(Meteorology), Stream flow, Forest land, Suspended sediments, Roads, Water re- sources, Water pollution, Rural areas, Agricultural wastes, Waste disposal, Farm land, Hydrology. Identifiers: 'Lake Michie Watershed, Durham County(North Carolina), Orange County(North Carolina), Person County(North Carolina). A study of the Lake Michie Watershed, the source of water for the municipality of Durham, North Carolina, is reported. The study was concerned with evaluating the effects of land use on water quality, quantity, and timing of flow during the 43- year period since the establishment of the lake. The characteristic composition of the soils and the vegetative cover and their influence on the hydrol- ogy of the basin are discussed. Through the inter- pretation of aerial photographs, Agricultural Census Data and other historic documents, the nature of land use changes within the watershed have been traced. Current status of the watershed is detailed and recommendations presented for improving the quality of the water and the general hydrologic characteristics of the watershed. (Author) PB-21 1 882 PC A04/MF A01 Foreign Economic Development Service, Wash- ington, D.C. A Review of Certain Aspects of the Forestry Program and Organization In Indonesia Burnett H. Payne, and David S. Nordwall. 23 Apr 71, 62p FEDS-Field-10, TA/OST AN-71-4-1 Descriptors: 'Forestry, Indonesia, Developing countries, Forest land, Organizations, Classifica- tions, Protection, Reforestation, Statistical data, Marketing, Productivity. Indonesia's forest resources represent one of her most valued assets. These resources are not inex- haustable, however, and it is essential to protect them from destructive exploitation. This report pro- vides a review of timber operations in Indonesia, identifies problem areas, and offers a series of rec- ommended solutions. Emphasis is placed on the organization of the Directorate General of Forest- ry; the use of forest lands, particularly with respect to the granting of timber concessions; the forestry research program; and environmental consider- ations. (Author) PB-21 1 883 PC A05/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Food and Feed Grain Inst. Observations and Recommendations for Im- proving Grain Storage and Marketing In Bolivia Rept. no. 22 Floyd F. Niernberger, and Harry B. Pfost. May 71, 96p TA/OST-AN-71-5-2 Contract AID/csd-1 588 Report on Food Grain Drying, Storage, Handling and Transportation. Descriptors: 'Grains(Food), Food storage, 'Food storage, 'Bolivia, Marketing, Transportation, Wheat, Rice, Corn, Soybeans, Warehouses, Evalu- ation, Food sanitation, Developing countries. The report provides an evaluation of storage and related marketing requirements for the develop- ment of the wheat, rice, corn, and soybean indus- tries in Bolivia. Both observations on present con- ditions and recommendations for future develop- ment are given. A 27-page appendix presents de- tailed guidelines for determining the capacity of various components of a grain storage facility, which should prove generally useful to those inter- ested in this field. PB-212 001 PC A05/MF A01 General Oceanology, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Commercial Feasibility of Fish Protein Concen- trate in Developing Countries. Volume II, Part I. Chile, Investment Aspects and General Sum- mary Final rept. Gerald D. Bernstein. 26 Jun 70, 78p GO-12-Vol- 2-R-1, TA/OST-AN-70-6-5 Contract AID/csd-21 58 Prepared in cooperation with American Technical Assistance Corp., and Sidney M. Cantor Asso- ciates, Inc. See also Volume 1, PB-195 913 and Volume 2, Part 2, PB-212 002. 63 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Descriptors: "Fish protein concentrates, *Chile, * Developing countries, *Food industry, Feasibility, Systems engineering, Marketing, Organizations, Competition, Financing, Proteins, Cost analysis, In- vestments, Food processing. The report analyzes the feasibility of commercial production of fish protein concentrate (FPC) in Chile. This first Part consists essentially of sum- maries and condensations of the significant por- tions of the study, with enough detail to enable it to stand as an independent document. The topics covered include: The Chilean food system and the potential market for FPC; the isopropyl alcohol process and possible competitors; cost of FPC production; company organization and financing structure for an FPC enterprise in Chile; and alter- native protein sources. PB-212 002 PC A13/MF A01 General Oceanology, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. Commercial Feasibility of Fish Protein Concen- trate in Developing Countries. Volume II, Part II. Chile, Background Information and Support- ing Data Final rept. Gerald D. Bernstein. 21 Jul 70, 290p GO-12-Vol- 2-Pt-2, TA/OST-AN-70-6-6 Contract AID/csd-21 58 Prepared in cooperation with American Technical Assistance Corp., and Sidney M. Cantor Asso- ciates, Inc. See also Volume 2, Part 1 , PB-21 2 001 . Descriptors: *Fish protein concentrates, 'Chile, "Developing countries, "Food industry, Feasibility, Marketing, Food processing, Fishes, Cost analy- sis, Proteins, Nutrition, Investments, Industrial plants. Identifiers: Curico Province(Chile), Fortified foods. The report analyzes the feasibility of commercial production of fish protein concentrate (FPC) in Chile. This second Part of the report provides de- tailed information from which the discussions and conclusions of Part 1 were drawn. The subjects covered include: The Chilean food situation and market for FPC; proposed specifications and qual- ity characteristics for FPC; selection of process and plant capacity; plant design and construction; process description; raw fish supply; cost of pro- duction and investment for a fish protein concen- trate plant; modified FAO provisional pattern for protein; relationships among income, food distribu- tion, and per capita calorie and protein intakes in Chile; survey of nutrition and health patterns in Chile; acceptability of fortified foods in the prov- ince of Curico. PB-212 034 PC A08/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Introduction to Record Keeping In a Small En- terprise R. F. Bruckart. May 68, 154p TA/OST-AN-68-5-3 Prepared in cooperation with the Industrial Devel- opment Center, Zaria (Nigeria). Descriptors: "Records management, 'Manuals, "Industrial plants, "Nigeria, Management engi- neering, Commerce, Developing countries, Super- visors, Statistical data. Identifiers: Small businesses. Much experience is available on the fundamental methods employed by managers of small busi- nesses in industrially developing countries who have developed profitable operations. Effective record-keeping, it has been found, is one of the methods. The document introduces basic record- keeping methods similar to those that managers of small industries throughout the world have found useful. The topics covered include: Recording daily transactions; planning and controlling pro- duction; records of material or supplies; quality control records; employee records; and how the manager uses records. The document was pre- pared for use by small-enterprisers in Northern Ni- geria, but it should be generally applicable else- where. PB-212 035 PC A06/MF A01 Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Hydrology and Water Resources Development in Nepal Open file rept. W. W. Evert. Jun 69, 112p TA/OST-AN-69-6-7 Descriptors: "Nepal, "Water resources, Hydrology, Ground water, Economic development, Rivers, River basin development, Developing countries, South Asia. Water has long been recognized as one of Nepal's most promising resources. Yet, prior to 1 960 little had been done to investigate and appraise the re- source. By 1969, a nationwide network of hydrolo- gical stations had been established, and a ground- water exploration effort had begun. Furthermore, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology had been established, staffed, and equipped to con- duct investigations. The report discusses the histo- ry of hydrological investigations in Nepal, and the relation of these investigations to the social and economic problems of water-resources develop- ment and management. The general hydrology of the more important river systems of the country is described in detail. (Author) PB-212 101 PC A04/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Plant Protection Problems In Southeast Asia Edward H. Glass, Roy J. Smith, Jr, Ivan J. Thomason, and H. David Thurston. 1971, 74p TA/OSTAN-71-13-1 Contract AID/csd-3296 Prepared in cooperation with East Asian Pest Man- agement Study Team, and California Univ. Spon- sored in part by Agricultural Research Service, Washington, D.C. Descriptors: "Plants(Botany), Pest control, "Pest control, "Southeast Asia, Insect control, Crop weeds, Plant diseases, Pesticides, Developing countries. Improved crop protection can do little to reduce the population explosion in East Asia, but it can make important contributions toward assuring an adequate food supply until populations become stabilized through family planning and birth control. This document is the report of a study team which has as its objective the appraisal of the nature and the scope of pest problems affecting food produc- tion in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Japan. An effort was also made to determine whether the local environ- ment and public health are endangered by improp- er use and lack of management of pesticides on food and other major crops. Specifically, consider- ation is given to the status and needs of crop pro- tection in Tropical East Asia; economic and envi- ronmental implications of crop protection; possible approaches to solutions of crop protection prob- lems; some international and foreign agencies in plant protection activities in tropical East Asia; and pesticides in public health activities. PB-212 238 PC A04/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Fisheries Bibliography Series. 1 Jun 71, 62p Rept no. Agriculture-5 Descriptors: "Fisheries, Bibliographies, "Develop- ing countries, Fisheries, Fish protein concentrates, Marketing, Food processing, Surveys, Research, Economic development, Africa, Asia, Latin Amer- ica. The Bibliography is designed to provide informa- tion on fisheries programs, projects and research in newly developing countries. It includes a general section on such topics as fish processing, protein concentrates, marketing, research and training as well as regional sections which cover a variety of surveys and reports of many aspects of fisheries activities in individual countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Annotations are descriptive of con- tent and include author, title, source of publication and identifying number. PB-212 265 PC A02/MF A01 New Mexico State Univ., University Park. Water Resources Research Inst. Fluctuations in Nitrate Concentrations Utilized as an Assessment of Agricultural Contamina- tion to an Aquifer of a Semlarid Climatic Region Partial technical completion rept. R. G. Taylor, and P. David Bigbee. Aug 72, 13p WRRI-RR-006, OWRR A-034-NMEX(3) Descriptors: "Aquifers, Water pollution, "Water pollution, "Nitrates, "Irrigation, Water pollution, Fertilizers, Irrigation, Ground water recharge, Agri- cultural wastes, Semiarid land, New Mexico, Sea- sonal variations, Ground water. Identifiers: Manure, Ogallala aquifer. Aquifer water has become contaminated in arid and semiarid regions that have been developed for agriculture. Nitrate contamination has been shown to be permeable to the aquifer and harmful to human health. Nitrate concentrations have been used in the study to demonstrate their applicability to examining agriculture practices which contami- nate aquifer water. Areas treated with nitrogenous fertilizers and subsequently irrigated were found to contain aquifer fluctuations in nitrate content di- rectly in proportion to irrigation seasons. Agricul- tural industries with high animal densities per land area, and high water consumption for mainte- nance, were found to have high, but non-fluctuat- ing, nitrate concentrations. (Author) PB-212 288 PC A04/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Appropriate Technologies for International De- velopment. Preliminary Survey of Research Activities Sep 72, 65p Rept no. TA/OST-72-1 1 Descriptors: "Economic development, "Develop- ing countries, "Research, Developing countries, Utilization, Corporations, Capital, Design, Systems engineering, Industries. Identifiers: "Technology, Transfer of technology. Three papers make up the report. The first paper, 'The Role of the Research Institute in Industrial Growth', is based on observations of industrial re- search institutes in developing countries. The second paper describes 'Research Interests of Foreign Assistance Agencies Concerning Appro- priate Technology'. The third, 'Multinational Corpo- rations and Adaptive Research for Developing Countries', attempts to describe selected types of activities of multinational corporations as illustra- tive of their involvement and interest in technologi- cal development of developing countries. (Author) PB-212 371 PC A06/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Manila (Philippines). Housing and Urban Development in the Philip- pines Bernard Wagner. Jan 68, 101 p TA/OST-AN-68- 1-2 Descriptors: "Residential buildings, "Project plan- ning, "Urban development, "Philippines, Develop- ing countries, Reviews, Problem solving, Require- ments, Organizations, Management. Identifiers: Low income groups, Middle income groups. The document contains a series of papers on housing and urban development problems in the Philippines. Topics included are housing needs and a proposed action program, urban develop- ment in Mindanao, reorganization of the home fi- nancing commission, modification of the adminis- tration of housing and urban programs, the squat- ter problem, urban planning in the lligan area, housing of middle and lower income groups, hous- ing investment by insurance companies, and com- ments on the Draft Administrative Code. PB-212 372 PC A03/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. 64 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Leader Training for Aided Self-Help Housing Jun 69, 40p Rept no. TA/OST-AN-69-6-8 Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, Developing countries, "Construction, Manuals, "Leadership, Specialized training, Project planning, Evaluation, Production engineering, Socioeconomic status. Problem solving, Methodology, Recommenda- tions, Reviews. Identifiers: Self help housing, "Aided self help housing, Low cost housing, "Leader training. Aided self-help housing is described as a natural way to better homes in the less industrialized areas of the world, can often be reached most effectively through trained local leaders. It is the purpose of this manual to present material useful for conduct- ing a course for such local leaders. The following topics are included: Advantages and disadvan- tages of this technique for producing homes; ex- amples and case studies demonstrating how aided projects have been carried out by others; various planning principles affecting aided self-help hous- ing; development of skills in construction tech- niques; material, labor, and financial resources; problems of communicating ideas for low cost housing; and proposals for initiating an aided self- help housing program. PB-212 382 PC A04/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Center for Water Resources Research. Development and Management of Ground Water and Related Environmental Factors In Arid Alluvial and Carbonate Basins in Southern Nevada Project rept. no. 1 8 R. L Bateman, A. L Mindling, R. L. Naff, and H. M. Joung. Jan 72, 56p OWRR-C-2212(1) Contract DI-1 4-31 -001 -3411 Descriptors: "Ground water, "Management plan- ning, "Semiarid land, "Nevada, Deserts, Fishes, Conservation, Mathematical models, Alluvium, Carbonate minerals, Agriculture, Information sys- tems. Identifiers: Cyprinodonts, Desert pupfish, Alluvial basins, "Amargosa Desert, "Nye County(Nevada), Habitat preservation, Management information systems. Ground-water resources of arid and semi-arid basins in the southwestern United States are gen- erally developed within bounds imposed by physi- cal, legal, and economic constraints. In Ash Mead- ows, a portion of the Amargosa Desert of south- western Nevada, ground-water development is subject to the additional constraint of preserving the rare desert pupfish (Cyprinodonts) which in- habit spring pools within the area. Continued with- drawal of ground water for agricultural purposes will eventually decrease water levels to the extent that the natural habitats of the pupfish may be damaged. An unsteady state digital ground-water model is developed to assist in evaluation of these ground-water problems. PB-212 398 PC A08/MF A01 Humboldt County Dept. of Public Works, Eureka, Calif. Rural Storage and Collection Container Sys- tems Interim rept. 1 Jun 70-31 Oct 71. 1972, 155p EPA-SW-41D.I-72 Grant G06-EC-00271 Prepared in cooperation with Garretson-Elmen- dorf-Zinov-Reibin, Consultants. Descriptors: "Refuse disposal, "Containers, Stor- age, Project planning, Rural areas, Collecting methods, Earth fills, Cost analysis, California. Identifiers: "Solids waste disposal, Humbolt County(California). The objective of the project was to demonstrate and evaluate two alternative refuse storage and collection container systems for small isolated rural areas, with special emphasis on costs, work- ability, and community acceptance. The test area for the project is to be the southern one-third of Humboldt County, California, with a population of approximately 10,000 people. In the first system, waste will be deposited in a 40-cu-yd, roll-off con- tainer that can be picked up and hauled to the cen- tral sanitary landfill. In the second system, waste will be deposited in 8-cu-yd containers. These con- tainers will be emptied at the site into a 42-cu-yd collection vehicle that will then proceed to the next container site or, if full, to the landfill. The interim report details the selection of collection equipment (both containers and vehicles) components, and the development of test procedures for evaluating the storage and collection systems. PB-212 632 PC A17/MF A01 Miner (Thomas H.) and Associates, Inc., Chicago, III. Industrial Development and Feasibility Study. Pulp and Paper Manufacturing in South Viet- nam. Book I Apr 70, 382p TA/OST-AN-70-4-1 Contract AID/VN-54 See also Book 2, PB-212 633. Descriptors: "Pulp mills. South Vietnam, "Paper in- dustry, "South Vietnam, Feasibility, Developing countries, Market research, Expenses. Vietnam has a variety of fiber resources which in total constitute an adequate raw material for a pulp and paper industry. The present paper industry was built with only the domestic market in mind, and currently it is entirely dependent on import of pulp. Under these circumstances of small size and imported raw material, the paper industry in Viet- nam suffers from high costs. This study examines the feasibility of developing a viable pulp and paper industry in Vietnam in the early post-war period. The scope of the study includes: A review of the existing industry, including facilities, capaci- ties, capabilities, and cost factors; a survey of present and possible future markets, both domes- tic and in neighboring Southeast Asian countries; a survey of indigenous fibrous raw materials, includ- ing types, amounts available, location, and cost; a proposal of location, number, type, and capacity of new facilities; and a calculation of grade costs, net realization, and financial soundness of the pro- posed facilities. PB-212 633 PC A14/MF A01 Miner (Thomas H.) and Associates, Inc., Chicago, III. Industrial Development and Feasibility Study. Pulp and Paper Manufacturing in South Viet- nam. Book II Apr 70, 31 Op TA/OST-AN-70-4-2 Contract AID/VN-54 See also Book 1 , PB-21 2 632. Descriptors: "Pulp mills, South Vietnam, "Paper in- dustry, "South Vietnam, Feasibility, Developing countries, Market research, Expenses. The volume is comprised of appendices intended to accompany Book I of this study. The topics cov- ered include: Marketing prospects for export; raw materials for a proposed kraft mill near Dalat; methods, equipment, and estimated costs for bamboo extraction at Phuoc Binh; summary of U. S. Forest Products Laboratory tests; materials, supplies, and unit costs; summary of corporate tax- ation and examptions; core making plant; bamboo harvesting report; bagasse report; 250 ton inte- grated kraft mill. PB-212 726 PC A05/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Forestry in Developing Countries. Potentials, Constraints, and Opportunities Gordon D. Fox. Oct 72, 76p Rept no. TA/OST- 72-12 Descriptors: "Forestry, "Developing countries, Forest trees, Economic development, Wood prod- ucts, Structural timber, Reforestation, Utilization, Transportation, Research, Management. With about one-half of the world's forest area lo- cated in the developing countries, adequate forest programs to manage and exploit this renewable natural resource are an important aspect in eco- nomic development. This preliminary analysis fo- cuses on the following issues: principal factors in- hibiting better management of forest resources; technical aspects of these inhibiting factors; practi- cal steps that might overcome these problems; and likely impact on timber resources and utiliza- tion if such steps were taken. PB-212 748 PC A03/MF A01 Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. Economic Growth Center. The Role of the Industrial Sector in Korea's Transition to Economic Maturity Gustav Ranis. Oct 71, 37p EGC-DP-125, TA/ OSTAN-71-10-4 Contract AID/csd-2492 Descriptors: "South Korea, "Economic develop- ment, "Industries, South Korea, Developing coun- tries, Economic analysis, Unskilled workers, Japan, Taiwan. Korea belongs to the category of developing coun- try which have small, therefore open, labor surplus dualistic economies, characterized by a relative lack of natural resources and an abundance of un- skilled labor at the outset. This paper begins with a definition of the 'ideal' growth pattern for this type of economy. A review is then provided of the actual Korean experience relative to this ideal. Korean performance in this respect is contrasted to two other countries belonging to the same family; i.e. Japan, historically, and Taiwan in the post-war period. Consideration is given to the initial condi- tions and to the similarities and differences of the transition processes in the countries. Finally, the implications of this analysis with respect to further research and policy are discussed. PB-212 749 PC A04/MF A01 Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Center for Inter- national Affairs. Equitable Distribution of Benefits In Integration Schemes Among the Less Developed Coun- tries: The Andean Group David Morawetz. Apr 72, 67p Economic Development-216, TA/OST AN-72-4-3 Contract AID/cds-1 543 Descriptors: "Economic development, Treaties, "Developing countries, "Distribution systems, Commerce, Inequalities, Agreements, Economic analysis, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Identifiers: "Economic integration, Andean Group customs union. All economic integration schemes among less de- veloped countries which have been established to date have foundered on the problem of how to equitably distribute the benefits arising from hte existence of the scheme. The Cartagena Agree- ment of the Andean Group customs union (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) includes sev- eral measures bearing on this problem. The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the benefit distri- bution problem, and an evaluation of the benefit distribution provisions of the Cartagena Agree- ment. Consideration is given to the definition of an 'Equitable' benefit distritution, some problems in measuring net benefits, and the presumptions as to whether benefits are likely to be equally or un- equally distributed in integration schemes. A number of schemes which have been proposed and/or adopted to achieve equitable benefit distri- bution are then examined from a theoretical view- point. The measures contained in the Cartagena Agreement are analyzed in the light of this exami- nation, and of the experience of other integration schemes with the benefit distribution problem. PB-212 779/3 PC A06/MF A01 Nathan (Robert R.), Associates, Inc., Washington, D.C. An Evaluation of Recent Private Industrial De- velopment in Nicaragua Jan 71, 109p TA/OST-AN-71-1-1 Contract AID/La-650 Descriptors: "Industrial development, Nicaragua, "Economic development, "Nicaragua, "Foreign aid, "Financing, Developing countries, Industries, Investments, Capital. Identifiers: Small businesses. 65 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES In the mid-1 960's, the Agency for International De- velopment decided that the Nicaraguan industrial sector needed access to investment capital to fi- nance a backlog of projects. AID met this need by making $17 million available to create and strengthen intermediate credit institutions to mobi- lize capital, both foreign and domestic. This report provides an assessment of the efficacy of the AID programs to the private industrial sector of Nicara- gua and suggests changes that might improve them. Specifically, consideration is given to the fol- lowing: Past rate of growth; prospects for industry in Micaragua; strategic factors in industrial expan- sion; shortage for working capital and the debt/ equity problems; cost of AID capital; investment climate in the industrial sector; aid contribution to meeting long-term capital needs; strengthening the capacity of the National Development Institute (INFONAC); creation of a new private investment bank; AID loan program as a stimulant to domestic savings; loans to small businesses and artisans; providing technical assistance; performance and impact of the industrial sector in recent years. PB-212 784/3 PC A16/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Program and Policy Coordina- tion. A Firsthand Study of Industrial Management and Economic Development in India Dec 69, 368p TA/OST-AN-69-12-1 Descriptors: 'Industrial management, 'India, 'Economic development, India, Developing coun- tries, Management, Environments, Benefit cost analysis. Identifiers: Transfer of technology. The document represents an effort to develop guidelines that can serve as a basis for effective action by managements of individual Indian enter- prises in their attemps to adapt to and reduce the impact of negative environmental conditions on their performance. It also seeks to determine the extent to which managerial practices, techniques, concepts, policies, principles, and general know- how which tend to be effective on a relatively wide- spread scale in U. S. industry can be transferred and/or applied successfully to a developing coun- try such as India. Consideration is given to the costs and benefits involved in the transference process, and to the degree that the Indian environ- ment seriously constrains or prevents such trans- ference. In addition, attention is given to the devel- opment of guidelines and meaningful priorities that indicate what action might best be taken by public authorities in dealing with environmental con- straints which seriously hinder managerial per- formance and productive efficiency at industrial enterprises. PB-212 916/1 PC A20/MF A01 Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, Calif. Costs of Urban Infrastructure for Industry as Related to City Size In Developing Countries. India Case Study Om Prakash Mathur, Richard Morse, and M. C. K. Swamy. Oct 68, 453p TA/OST-AN-68-10-2 Contract AID/csd-802 Prepared in cooperation with School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India, and Small In- dustry Extension Training Institute, Hyderabad, India. Descriptors: 'Urban development, 'India, 'Indus- tries, 'Economic development, Benefit cost analy- sis, Developing countries, Municipalities, Magni- tude, Populations. Identifiers: 'Industrial development, Urban infra- structure. The document provides the details of a study which was designed to measure the direct costs of equipping cities of different size for industrial de- velopment, including the costs of social infrastruc- ture for new urban industrial employees and their families. It is orientated primarily to the situation in developing economics and is centered on the in- dustrial growth requirements of selected cities in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh, in northern India. An examination is made of the widely held belief that unit costs of incremental in- frastructure for new industry tend to be relatively high in smaller cities, to decrease over some inter- mediate range of city sizes, and to rise significantly beyond some large city size. Consideration is given to both the effect of city size on costs, and to the combined effect of costs when composition of industry varies with city size. PB-212 975/8 MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. International Marine Science Affairs Feb 72, 103p Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 74-183584. International Standard Book no. 0-309-01937-0. Paper copy available from the National Academy of Sciences, Printing and Publishing Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418. PC$4.75. Descrptors: 'Oceans, 'International relations, Recommendations, Research management. Orga- nizations, Government policies, Developing coun- tries, United States, Oceanography, Fisheries, In- formation systems, Metrology, Meteorology, Inter- national law, Foreign policy. Identifiers: United Nations. The report deals with the heightened stress and policital conflict that arise as governmental institu- tions adapt to new requirements for maintaining order among the variety of ocean uses and users. The purpose of the report is to examine these na- tional and international political institutions in terms of their appropriateness to the goals of wise, effective, and equitable ocean use. Recommenda- tions are also offered to suggest various means to achieve these goals. (Author) PB-213 181/1 PC A05/MF A01 Puerto Rico Univ., Mayaguez. Water Resources Research Inst. Determination of the Rate of Biodegradatlon In Some Polluted Tropical Waters and In Some Types of Liquid Wastes Common in Puerto Rico Completion rept. Luis A. del Valle. Sep 72, 85p OWRR-A-023- PR(1) Descriptors: 'Puerto Rico, Water pollution, 'Bio- chemical oxygen demand, Tropical regions, 'Water pollution, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sewage, Biodeterioration, Industrial wastes, Reac- tion kinetics, Temperature, Computer programs. Identifiers: Sewage treatment effluent. The first part of the study evaluates methods for the determination of deoxygenation (biodegrada- tion) rates of polluted waters in Puerto Rico. The experimental part of the study was divided into three phases. The first phase consisted in working with the waste as it came from the particular source to determine its value of K (biodegradation constant) in its original state. The second and third phases of the study consisted in diluting the waste with natural river and sea water to simulate the condition of the waste when discharged into a nat- ural body of water. The degree of dilution does not seem to have any significant effect. On the other hand, when the dilution water is sea water the value of K tends to be higher than when the waste is diluted in fresh water. (Author) PB-213 372/6 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Environmental Protection Agency, Rockville, Md. Solid Waste Management Office. Financing Solid Waste Management in Small Communities 1972, 16p Rept no. EPA-SW-57ts Paper copy also available from GPO $0.25 as stock no. 5502-0022. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Financing, Urban planning, Communities, Management planning, Local government, Leasing. Identifiers: 'Bond issues, 'Solid waste disposal. The paper discusses the three major financing techniques (pay-as-you-go, leasing, and long-term borrowing) as they apply to solid waste disposal in small communities. More indirect methods, such as private contracting or grants utilization, are not considered. PB-213 492/2 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Environmental Protection Agency, Rockville, Md. Solid Waste Management Office. An Accounting System for Solid Waste Man- agement in Small Communities Eric R. Zausner. 1971, 21 p Rept no. EPA-SW- 28ts Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 78-61 1 564. Paper copy available from GPO $0.30 as stock no. 5502-0021, EP3.2:AC2. Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Accounting, Cost analysis, Management planning, Benefit cost anal- ysis, Collecting methods, Data acquisition, Infor- mation systems, Urban planning, Communities, Forms(Paper). Identifiers: 'Solid waste disposal, Management in- formation systems. The increasing costs and complexities of solid waste collection and disposal require new, more sophisticated management techniques. Although cost accounting represents only one part of the total information system, its design, installation, and utilization can represent a significant step in the development of effective solid waste manage- ment. The proposed system provides a guide to the type and quantity of information to be collect- ed, its classification, and the method of collection. The system described is designed primarily for small communities (< 25,000) that collect and dis- pose of the solid wastes generated in their jurisdic- tion. The system was specifically designed to be effective for packer-truck collection and landfill dis- posal operations. PB-213 594/6 PC A05/MF A01 Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Development of a Scientific Basis for the Man- ufacture of Low-Cost Protein Foods and Bev- erages from Fresh Coconuts Final rept. Karl F. Mattil. 1 Sep 70, 77p* TA/OST-AN-70-9-3 Contract PIO/T 931-11-190-864, PIO/T-73- 3192010 Descriptors: 'Nuts(Fruits), 'Proteins, 'Food proc- essing, Nuts(Fruits), Fruits, Nutritive value, Devel- oping countries. Identifiers: 'Coconuts. Coconuts represent a potential new indigenous protein source in the coconut producing countries of the world. This report provides the results of an effort to generate fundamental scientific and tech- nological information basic to the practical exploi- tation of this protein source, and to evaluate the state of the art of processing fresh coconuts for food use. The evaluation is based on both a survey of the literature and personal contacts with those involved with research and development efforts. Results of basic investigations in the following areas are reported: The ultrastructure of coconut meats; physical processing methods for maximum extraction of fat and protein; the amount of heat treatment coconut meat and meal can tolerate without adverse effects on product quality; identifi- cation of major classes of protein in coconut meats; characteristics of each class of protein. PB-213 612/5 PC A17/MF A01 Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C. A Selected Bibliography on African Foods and Nutrition. Arranged According to Subject Matter and Area Woot-Tsuen Wu Leung, and Ritva Rauanheimo Butrum. Dec 70, 391 p* TA/OST-AN-70-1 2-5 Prepared in cooperation with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (Italy). Descriptors: 'Food, 'Africa, 'Developing coun- tries, 'Nutrition, 'Bibliographies, Food, Human nu- trition, Plants(Botany), Diets, Food composition, Food habits, Food industry, Education. Identifiers: 'African foods. The bibliography is comprised of references to the world's literature, published in the 1 940-1 969 time period, dealing with the subject of food and nutri- tion in Africa. The entries are arranged by country and, within each country, according to general sub- ject (general studies, food resources, food compo- 66 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES sition, food supplements, food technology, food habits, nutrition and dietary surveys, nutritional status, and nutrition education). A selected bibli- graphy on African botanical nomenclature is ap- pended. PB-213 756/5 PC A10/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Food and Feed Grain Inst. Improving the Nutritive Value of Cereal Based Foods Annual progress rept. no. 3, Jan-Dec 70. Jun 71, 21 7p TA/OST-AN-71-6-5 Contract AID/csd-1586 Descriptors: 'Cereal products, 'Nutritive value, 'Food processing, Cereal products, 'Developing countries, Food processing, Proteins, Soybeans, Peas, Beans, Flours(Food), Bread, Evaluation, Nu- trition, Pakistan, Africa. Identifiers: Food fortification, Organoleptic evalua- tion. The document describes the activities and accom- plishments of an ongoing project which has as its overall objective the improvement of the nutritional value of cereal-based food in North Africa and Pakistan by supplementation and process modifi- cation without decreasing the food acceptability to the general consuming public in those areas. Re- search effort focused on the use of three protein sources: soy flour, chick-pea flour, and horse bean flour. These were used for food fortification. Em- phasis was given to the nutritional and organolep- tic evaluations of chapatis, couscous, and Moroc- can bread fortified with the high protein flours. (Author) PB-213 758/3 PC A06/MF A01 New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva. Development of Soy-Based Foods of High Nu- , trltlve Value for Use in the Philippines W. B. Robinson, M. C. Bourne, and K. H. Steinkraus. Jan 71, 106p TA/OST-AN-71-1-2 Contract AID/csd-1815 Descriptors: 'Soybeans, 'Food processing, 'Food, Philippines, Nutritive value, Proteins, Flavor, Economic analysis, Developing countries. Results are given of a research program which was undertaken to develop processes for manu- facturing soy-based foods on a scale and of a sim- plicity appropriate to the socio-economic require- ments of relatively small population centers in countries such as the Philippines. Flavor, accept- ability, economy, and nutritional value were of pri- mary concern. The report describes research con- ducted in the following areas: Development of a simple procedure for manufacture of a bland soy beverage and other products that could be easily produced without the use of elaborate and expen- sive equipment; introduction of the soy beverage to selected groups of Philippine school children; engineering studies on unit operations in soy prod- uct manufacturing; nutritional evaluation of the products and the nutritional effects of the unit processes involved; basic laboratory research on physical and chemical qualities of soy products and components to lay a scientific basis for im- provement of the products and unit processes in- volved in their manufacture. PB-213 764/5 PC A06/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Nutrition. Improving the Nutrient Quality for Cereals. Report of Workshop on Breeding and Fortifica- tion. Held at Annapolis, Maryland, 7-9 Decem- ber 1970 Jun 71, 107p TA/OST-AN-7 1-6-6 Descriptors: 'Grains(Foods), Developing coun- tries, f Cereal products, Food processing, Meet- ings, Plant genetics, Quality, Human nutrition. Identifiers: Food fortification. There is a great potential for effecting improve- ment in diet through the breeding of higher protein content and quality in staples and through fortifica- tion of such staples during the milling process. The report presents papers from a Seminar on Breed- ing and Fortification held at Annapolis, Maryland from December 7-9, 1970. The papers concern progress, problems and potential for the improve- ment of various crops, including wheat, rice, corn, sorghum and millet. Recommendations are given for future operations and research. PB-213 766/3 PC A02/MF A01 League for International Food Education, Wash- ington, D.C. The Food Industry in Asia, Its Potential for Pro- viding Low Cost Nutritious Foods. Proceed- ings of Singapore Workshop, 1-5 November 1971 Summary rept. Nov 71, 24p TA/OST-AN-71-11-2 Descriptors: 'Food industry, 'Asia, 'Developing countries, Food industry, Economic development, Human nutrition, Cost factors, Food processing, Meetings. The Singapore Workshop was convened to pro- vide a forum where Asian private food industry businessmen could discuss the potential of the food industry for providing low cost nutritious foods. This report summarizes the discussions of these businessmen during the week-long meeting. Special emphasis is given to the constraints which were identified as being the ones which hinder the progress of low-cost nutritious foods. Equivalent emphasis is also given to the recommendations for action which the participants felt could help over- come these constraints. PB-213 787/8 PC A04/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science. Extending Protein Concentrates for Child Feeding by Addition of Inexpensive Simple Ni- trogen Sources Final rept. Nevin S. Scrimshaw. Oct 71, 63p TA/OST-AN- 71-10-5 Contract AID/csd-1441 Descriptors: 'Food additives, Milk, 'Nitrogen, Food additives, 'Milk, 'Proteins, Amino acids, Nu- trition, Children. A series of studies has been undertaken to deter- mine the extent to which the concentration of es- sential amino acids in dried milk can be extended by the addition of non-specific nitrogen without in- fluencing the nutritional value of the protein. The results of the studies, which were conducted in children and young men, are summarized in this report. The non-specific nitrogen source used was a mixture of glycine and diammonium citrate. The results support the conclusion that at any time that it is necessary to extend the 'protein' content of milk supplies for the supplementary feeding of population groups, inexpensive non-specific nitro- gen sources may be used to an extent of at least 10% without impairing the ability of the milk to meet any normal protein needs. PB-213 794/9 PC A14/MF A01 Kasetsart Univ., Bangkok (Thailand). Inst, of Food Research and Product Development. Report on Protein Food Development Project, 1969-1971 Amara Bhumiratana, and Amorn Nondasuta. 1971, 302p TA/OST-AN-71-13-2 Prepared in cooperation with the Health Dept., Bangkok (Thailand). Nutrition Div. Text in English and Thai. Descriptors: 'Proteins, 'Food processing, Nutri- tion, Children, Diets, Developing countries, Thai- land. The document reports the activities and accom- plishments of a project which was instituted to im- prove the nutritional conditions in Thailand. The principal objectives were: To promote develop- ment in food technology and related fields; to de- velop high-protein food supplements for infants and preschool children; to test new products for suitability and acceptability by consumers; and to promote new products on a commercial scale in an effort to increase consumption among the people. The information provided includes: The results of field trials of protein food prototypes; chemical and biological assays; flowcharts for the production of various protein foods; protein food promotion ef- forts; protein-enriched menus for school children, including recipes for their preparation. PB-214 172/9 PC A14/MF A01 Arizona Univ., Tucson. Inst, of Arid Lands Re- search. Salinity Problems In Arid Lands Irrigation: A Literature Review and Selected Bibliography Information paper no. 1 Hugh E. Casey. 1972, 31 1p* WRSIC-73-300 Grant DI-1 4-01 -0001 -161 6 Descriptors: 'Bibliographies, Irrigation, 'Arid lands, Irrigation, 'Irrigation, Salinity, Water quality, Land reclamation, Drainage, Watersheds, Leach- ing, Water rights, Soil moisture, Droughts, Salt water, Greenhouses, Reviews, Irrigated land. Identifiers: Colorado River Basin. A bibliography of 986 references with accompany- ing text that reviews broadly such topics as water quality and the total drainage basin, salinity pre- vention and soil reclamation, salinity and drought effects on plants, soil and water salts, basic water balance problems in relation to irrigation, plus a perspective on historic salinity problems and an overview. Socioeconomic aspects are considered, with reference to the Colorado River basin as an example in microcosm. There is discussion of cur- rently used and potential ameliorative techniques that would render current methods more efficient, raise productivity enough to constitute a break- through, and high-humidity low water-use green- house structures that would radically alter current arid lands irrigation methods. (Author) PB-214 489/7 PC A05/MF A01 International Society for Rehabilitation of the Dis- abled, New York. Closing the Communications Gap. The Role and Functions of Information Media in Reha- bilitation Services Final rept. 1967-69 Charles Kalisky. 1971, 99p SRS-RD-2297 Grant SRS-RD-2297 Descriptors: 'Rehabilitation, 'Information sys- tems, 'Periodicals, Effectiveness, Communica- tions management, Handicapped workers, Project planning, Organizations, Improvement, Interna- tional relations, Reviews, Manpower utilization, Services, Developing countries, Methodology, Bib- liographies. Identifiers: Disabled persons. The final report of the International Rehabilitation Program Development Project determines ways and means of improving information services for those working with the handicapped all over the world. Specifically, the project has demonstrated the value of a periodical published in the major lan- guages to disseminate news and significant devel- opments in the field. A number of novel services were initiated, including a series of papers and re- ports on advanced techniques and methods de- signed to assist workers in developing countries; a bibliography of available material on rehabilitation in several languages; an international library of films and slides to aid in training personnel; a multi- lingual glossary of rehaviliation terms; and a Re- search Referral Service to act as a clearinghouse for current information. (Author) PB-214 508/4 PC A03/MF A01 Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana. Nonpoint Rural Sources of Water Pollution Shundar Lin. 1972, 40p* Rept no. ISWS-73- CIR1111 Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Dept. of Registration and Education. Descriptors: 'Surface water runoff, Water pollu- tion, 'Water pollution, 'Rural areas, 'Nutrients, Water pollution, 'Agricultural wastes, Water pollu- tion, Reviews, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Il- linois, Soil erosion, Sources, Livestock, Industrial waste treatment, Pesticides, Subsurface drainage. 67 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Identifiers: Feedlot wastes, Manure, Water pollu- tion control. A literature survey was made to gather information for defining the quantity and characteristics of non- point water pollution sources from rural areas. Major constituents of such pollution include fertiliz- ers, pesticides, erosion and sediment, and animal wastes. Studies showed that nitrogen and phos- phorus from surface runoff and subsurface drain- age are often greater in concentration than that from sewage effluents. Pesticides are only slightly soluble in water, and about 5 percent of that ap- plied may enter waterways through surface runoff and erosion. With the exception of sediment trans- port, farm animal wastes can be the most serious sources of pollution from farm lands. Control tech- niques are discussed. PB-214 862/5 PC A03/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. RANN (Research Applied to National Needs) Program: Potential Benefits to Developing Countries Jan 73, 48p Rept no. TA/OST-73-16 Descriptors: * Developing countries, 'Transfer of technology, Impact, Project planning, Benefit cost analysis, Resources, Information systems, Disast- ers, Energy, Urban planning, Environmental engi- neering, Water pollution, Sociometrics, Community development, Services. Identifiers: 'Spinoffs, Technological development, RANN program. RANN stands for Research Applied to National Needs ~ an expanding program of the National Science Foundation designed to stimulate the har- nessing of science in the service of man. This report identified 48 individual RANN projects that could have special relevance to the needs of de- veloping countries. It clarifies their technical signifi- cance to these countries and illustrates possible types of spin-off benefits. No attempt is made to identify how a specific research project might benefit a particular developing country. Rather, the attempt here is to indicate in a general way the nature of the potential benefit to developing economies within the context of technology trans- fer. PB-214 984 PC A03/MF A01 Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. Refuse Collection and Disposal for the Small Community. William A. Xanten, and Ralph J. Van Derwerker. Nov 53, 46p Prepared in cooperation with the American Public Works Association, Chicago, III. Descriptors: 'Communities, Waste disposal, 'Waste disposal, Planning. Identifiers: 'Solid waste disposal, EPAL. Surveys have shown that many small communities do not follow sanitary refuse practices. There are many reasons why these communities have not taken steps to protect the health and welfare of their citizens. Predominant among the basic causes, however, is the belief that adequate serv- ice is too expensive, and a lack of information on how to establish and operate a satisfactory system. It has been clearly demonstrated many times, that urban fly control and rodent control must be based upon adequate storage, collection, and disposal of community wastes. A practical refuse control program is within the means of any community. This publication proposes to describe certain factors which needs to be considered in es- tablishing sanitary refuse practices, and to present representative operational and cost data in such manner that they may be interpreted to meet local conditions. PB-215 103 PC A02/MF A01 Field Information Agency, Technical. Materials, Techniques, and Testing Methods for the Sanitation (Bacterial Decontamination) of Small-Scale Water Supplies in the Field Used in Germany During and after the War. Final rept. Alexander Goetz. 8 Dec 47, 10p Rept no. FIAT- 1313 Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Military oper- ations. Identifiers: EPAL. The report presents results obtained from investi- gations of the nature and methods for water purifi- cation used in Germany during and following the second world war. PB-215 149/6 PC A04/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Techniques for Assessing Hydrological Poten- tials in Developing Countries (State of the Art and Research Priorities) Jan 73, 74p TA/OST-73-17 See also PB-207 192. Descriptors: 'Water resources, Developing coun- tries, 'Hydrology, Research, Stream flow, Soil ero- sion, Ground water, Sediment transport, Remote sensing, Probes, Soil water. The report describes current capabilities and future needs for assessing hydrological potentials under the following topical headings: stream flow, erosion and sediment transport, water movement in unsaturated soils, ground water, precipitation, evaporation, and hydrologic applications of remote sensing. Established techniques and methodolo- gies are described under 'State of the Art', while the most interesting emerging areas for attention by developing countries and foreign assistance agencies are presented under sub-topics entitled 'Current Research' and 'Research Opportunities for Application in Developing Countries.' The report is based in part on a preliminary analysis prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, 'Tech- niques for Assessing Water Resource Potentials in the Developing Countries,' Open File Report, De- cember 1 971 . (Author) PB-215 282/5 PC A02/MF A01 Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Solid Waste Management Office. Residential Solid Waste Generated in Low- Income Areas Samuel Hale, Jr. 1972, 17p Rept no. EPA-SW- 83TS Descriptors: 'Waste disposal, 'Socioeconomic status, 'Urban areas, Waste disposal, Distribution(Property), Characteristics, Trends, Residential buildings. Identifiers: 'Economically depressed areas, Disad- vantaged groups, Low income groups, 'Poverty areas, 'Solid waste disposal. Variations inherent in the generation of solid wastes make it extremely difficult to predict quanti- ties that can be expected from a dwelling within a residential neighborhood. Some possibly influenc- ing factors are climate, season, socioeconomic level, and dweller density. The objective of the study was to examine the quantities and critical factors involved in the generation of solid wastes in low-income residential neighborhoods. The re- sults are presented in order that a better under- standing of waste quantities and characteristics may be obtained. (Author) PB-217 117/1 PC A06/MF A01 National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C. Regional Workshop on Water Resources, Envi- ronment, and National Development. Volume I. Summary of Proceedings. Singapore, March 13-17, 1972 Mar 72, 120p Contract AID/csd-2584 Prepared in cooperation with the Science Council of Singapore. Descriptors: 'Water pollution, Southeast Asia, 'Developing countries, Water resources, 'South- east Asia, Water resources, Meetings, Water qual- ity, Sewage treatment, Industrial wastes, Water supply, Population growth, Singapore, Pesticides, Regional planning. Identifiers: Oil pollution, Eutrophication, Solid waste disposal, 'Water pollution abatement, AID. The report contains the summary of proceedings of a workshop organised under the joint sponsor- ship of the Science Council of Singapore and the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. Its main purpose was to focus attention on current problems of water resources and the environment faced by countries of the Southeast Asian region, and stimulate regional cooperation in seeking solu- tions. PB-217 119/7 PC A12/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Conservacion del Medio Ambiente Fisico y el Desarrollo (Environment and Development) Jul71,254p Contract AID/csd-2584 Text in Spanish. Summary in English. Primer Se- minario Centroamericano Sobre el Medio Am- biente Fisico y el Desarrollo, Antigua, Guatemala, 25-30 Jul 71 . See also report dated Jul 71 , PB-21 1 487. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Central America, 'Environment, 'Developing countries, Meetings, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Agriculture, Industries, For- estry, Services, Regional planning, Education, Pesticides, Water resources. Identifiers: AID. In developing regions like Central America there are appearing signs, sometimes alarming, of envi- ronmental contamination and degradation of natu- ral resources. The first Central American Work- shop on Development and the Environment exam- ines in depth the regional environmental problems, and provides the planning directors and govern- mental officials with the necessary criteria for in- corporating environmental aspects into their de- velopment programmes. The focus of the Work- shop was on the industrial, agricultural, and serv- ice industry sectors. Included in the report are background papers and the recommendations of the Workshop. PB-217 142 PC A04/MF A01 Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Engineering Studies of Coffee Mill Wastes in El Salvador, C. A., October 18-November 9, 1960. Hayse H.. Black. Apr 61, 57p Report to International Cooperation Administra- tion, United States of America Operations Mission to El Salvador. Descriptors: *EI Salvador, 'Water pollution, 'Food processing, 'Industrial waste treatment. Identifiers: 'Coffee processing, 'Water pollution control, EPAL. The report pertains to control and treatment of both solid and liquid wastes from processing coffee in El Salvador. Included are: Notes on con- ferences and observations pertaining to wastes from processing coffee in El Salvador during the period October 1 8 to November 9, 1 960; Review of technical literature dealing with control and treat- ment of liquid wastes resulting from the processing of coffee; and Future research on coffee wastes. PB-217 293/0 PC A05/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. A Report on the LIPI-NAS Workship on Natural Resources. Volume I. Overall Findings and Recommendations-Working Group Reports 1972, 81 p Contract AID/csd-2584 Prepared for Workshop on Natural Resources, held in Jakarta (Indonesia) 11-16 Sep 72. Prepared in cooperation with Indonesian Institute of Science (Lembaga llmu Pengetahuan Indonesia), Djakarta. Descriptors: 'Economic development, Natural re- sources, 'Natural resources, 'Indonesia, Develop- ing countries, Land, Soils, Forestry, Water re- sources, Oceans, Mineral deposits, Policies, Rec- ommendations, Meetings. Identifiers: AID. 68 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The purpose of the Workshop was to formulate recommendations on how to utilize the natural re- sources of Indonesia in a manner consistent with the needs and rising expectations of a growing population. Specific objectives were: (1) to suggest policies and procedures for strengthening the inte- grated planning and utilization of natural re- sources; (2) to suggest scientific and technological inputs; and (3) to provide a form for a coordinated and constructive exchange of views by key scien- tists, policy-makers, and administrators. Part I of the Report considers problems and major recom- mendations. Sectoral recommendations are given in Part II. (Author) PB-217 382 PC A04/MF A01 Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Chicago, III. Great Lakes Region. Water Quality Investigations, Lake Michigan Basin. Population and Economy. Technical rept. Aug 67, 58p Descriptors: "Lake Michigan Basin, "Economic Development, Demography. Identifiers: EPAL. This is one in a series of reports documenting background information for the development of a water quality control program for Lake Michigan and its drainage basin. For planning purposes the Lake Michigan Watershed has been subdivided into appropriate tributary drainage basins. For the purpose of projecting water uses and waterborne waste loads for these subbasins and in order to develop relationships among water uses, waste loads, population and economic development, in- formation has been gathered on present condi- tions and past trends concerning population and economy. (Author) PB-217 569 PC A03/MF A01 Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Charlottesville, Va. Middle Atlantic Region. Water Supply and Water Quality Control Study Tar River Basin North Carolina. Dec 67, 49p Descriptors: *Tar River Basin, 'Economic devel- opment, * North Carolina, Economic development, River basin development, Forecasting. Identifiers: EPAL. The objectives of the study were to determine the economic growth and to evaluate the need for and value of storage for water supply and quality con- trol for the Tar River Basin. The study area con- sists of the entire Tar drainage basin, which in- cludes all or parts of eleven counties of North Carolina. The period of study covers the present and the 50-year period commending in 1 975, and extending to 2025. The needs for water supply and quality control storage were determined for the years of 1 980, 2000, and 2025. PB-217 667 PC A09/MF A01 Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Div. of Engineer- ing and Applied Physics. Operations Research in Water Quality Manage- ment. Final rept. Harold A. Thomas, Jr, and Robert P. Burden. 15 Feb 63, 179p Contract PH-86-62-140 Descriptors: "River basin development, "Math- ematical models, "Water resources, "Operations research, Stream flow, Sewage treatment, Eco- nomic development. Identifiers: EPAL. New methods are reported for evaluating the com- posite effects of combinations of streamflow regu- lation, waste water treatment, and waste water regulation for application in comprehensive pro- grams to improve and maintain the quality for water in major water resources systems. The ob- jective is to show how these methods may be used to strengthen the rational base for river basin plan- ning by use of mathematical systems analysis. PB-217 790 PC A02/MF A01 Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center. Cin- cinnati, Ohio. Treatment of Wastes from Coffee Processing in Costa Rica. Herbert R. Pahren, and Rudolfo F. Saenz. 1960, 19p Rept no. SEC-TR-W60-2 Descriptors: "Food processing, "Industrial waste treatment, Costa Rica. Identifiers: "Water pollution control, "Coffee proc- essing, EPAL. To determine the feasibility of the treatment of these wastes in stabilization ponds in the country of Costa Rica, a preliminary study was made to learn more about the characteristics of the coffee wastes. Tentative calculations were then made concerning the size of stabilization ponds neces- sary for these wastes. A brief outline of the infor- mation collected is summarized. PB-218 226 PC A05/MF A01 Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. Div. of Sanitary Engineering Services. Manual of Septic-Tank Practice. Developed In Cooperation with the Joint Committee on Rural Sanitation. 1 Aug 59, 96p Rept no. PHS-Pub-526 Addendum to part I inserted. Descriptors: "Septic tanks, "Manuals. Identifiers: EPAL. The Manual on septic tank practices has been pre- pared for use as a guide by health agencies, build- ing officials, installers, and others, to meet the need for an authoritative treatise on the subject. PB-218 232/7 PC A06/MF A01 Foreign Economic Development Service, Wash- ington, D.C. Planning Korea's Agricultural Development. Analyses and Recommendations for the Third Five Year Plan William R. Gasser, James P. Cavin, Richard S. Magleby, Edward S. Micka, and Troy Mullins. Aug 70, 11 Op FEDS-Field-5, TA/OST-AN-70-8-2 Descriptors: "Agricultural economics, "South Korea, Economic development, Livestock, Grains(Food), Marketing, Income, Planning, Demand(Economics), South Korea. Identifiers: AID. The population of the Republic of Korea is expect- ed to exceed 35 million by 1 976, a gain of about 13% over the 1969 figure. In the same period, the Gross National Product in real terms is projected to increase more than 80%, with income per capita showing a gain of about 78%. This population and income growth will generate a rapid rise in the demand Tor food, requiring an expansion of 25% to 30% in the total supply of farm products. This report contains a series of recommendations con- cerning steps that may be taken to effect this ex- pansion in the areas of agricultural production and marketing. Consideration is given to the general improvement of long-range projections, livestock improvement plans, problems relating to grains, evaluation of marketing needs, and proposed reor- ganization for economic research. (Author) PB-218 338/2 PC A03/MF A01 Transport and Road Research Lab., Crowthorne (England). A Deflection Survey Technique for Pavement Evaluation in Developing Countries H. R. Smith. 1973, 40p Rept no. TRRL-LR-525 Descriptors: "Flexible pavements, Deflection, "Highways, Developing countries, Tropical re- gions, Design, Surveys, Evaluation, Covering, Test methods, Malaysia, Zambia, Great Britain. Identifiers: GBRRL. The role of deflection beam surveys in the evalua- tion of flexible pavements is discussed. Deflection studies in Malaysia and Zambia are described from which a suitable survey method for use on tropical roads, for the purpose of designing strengthening overlays or pavement reconstruction, has been de- veloped. Testing at 1 00m intervals in both wheel- tracks is recommended with provision for a higher density of testing if the road deflection is variable, if the road surface has areas of visible distress, or if there are occasional very high deflection values. Deflection values of roads tend to exhibit skewed distributions but it is concluded that this is not nec- essarily a significant factor from the point of view of survey analysis for practical overlay design. (Author) PB-218 681/5 PC A04/MF A01 Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Water Re- sources Inst. An Investigation of Hydrological Aspects of Water Harvesting Research project completion rept. 1 Jul 69-31 Aug 72 Otto Wilke, Jack Runkles, and Charles Wendt. Sep 72, 65p TR-46, OWRR-B-071 -TEX(2) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -31 32 Descriptors: "Catch basins, Surface water runoff, "Water supply, Arid land, Playas, Lakes, Erosion control, Crude oil, Precipitation(Meteorology), Slopes, Cost estimates, Economic analysis, Simu- lation, Mathematical models, Texas. Identifiers: LubbockfTexas), AmarillofTexas), Texas High Plains, OWRR. Water harvesting is a potential source of water for arid and semi-arid lands. The objectives were to determine combinations of land surface treat- ments and land forming which result in efficient but inexpensive water harvesting catchments and to determine the optimum shape of catchments. In laboratory studies with inexpensive materials, crude oils exhibited the best sealing properties. However, by six months after application, 750 gal per ac of crude oil has no apparent effect on runoff from field plots. Water harvesting catchments con- structed by grading the soil to form V-shaped val- leys and then compacting the surface yielded runoff equal to 31 to 43 percent of all precipitation. After rains, sand blown from such catchments may damage tender downwind vegetation. Some water erosion occurred, but, after two years, the basic shape and the performance of the catchments had not been damaged by erosion. Chemical weed control is recommended. (Author Modified Ab- stract) PB-218 990/0 PC A04/MF A01 Denver Regional Council of Governments, Colo. Recycling Activity Description: Transfer, Inter- mediate Storage, Processing, Recycling Final rept. May 72, 56p* Rept no. DRCOG-72-013 Contract HUD-H-1392 Prepared in cooperation with Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Denver, Colo. Descriptors: "Waste disposal, Colorado, "Region- al planning, Waste disposal, Materials recovery, Storage, Trends, Forecasting, Management plan- ning. Identifiers: Waste transfer stations, Waste recy- cling, "Solid waste disposal, "Denver(Colorado), Reuse project, UPCD. The report includes a description of the four func- tions relating most directly to solid waste recycling, reuse, or resource recovery, including transfer, in- termediate storage, processing, and recycling. The Denver, Colorado area was used for the study. The present situation is also summarized, and long- range trends for each function are forecast. Recent and current citizens group and industry ac- tivity in recycling programs is described. As a basis for improving the existing situation as described, a number of technical and management concepts are presented in relation to their current and future feasibility, possible date of availability, or the form of management action required to implement them. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 684 PC A02/MF A01 Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. 69 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Is Inexpensive Credit a Bargain for Small Farm- ers: The Recent Brazil Experience. (Br-332.71- A211a). Occasional paper Dale W. Adams, Harlan Davis, and Lee Bettis. Jan 72, 16p Occasional Paper-58, AID-BR- 332.71 -A21 1a Contract AID/csd-2501 Report on 'Studies in Agricultural Capital and Technology.' Descriptors: 'Agricultural economics, 'Developing countnes, 'Credit, 'Economic analysis, Brazil, Banking business, Policies, Problem solving, Rec- ommendations. Identifiers: 'Small farmers, AIDH. The authors discuss major credit distribution prob- lems on the supply side of credit in Brazil as they affect the problem of extending credit to small farmers. They suggest that adjustments in current policies might substantially increase the flow of credit to small farmers through regular banking channels. Information from Brazil is used to illus- trate the contention. The following topics are con- sidered: background on agricultural credit in Brazil; interest rate policy; institutional agricultural credit; results from credit and interest rate policies; rea- sons for loan concentrations; conclusions; and policy recommendations. (Author Modified Ab- stract) PB-219 685 PC A03/MF A01 Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. An Analysis of Shifting Relative Prices and Marketing Facility Investments In the Context of Technological Change in the Developing Countries. (338. 13-J65). Occasional paper S. S. Johl. Oct 71, 27p Occasional Paper-37, Aid-338.13-J65 Contract AID/csd-2501 Report on 'Studies in Agricultural Capital and Technology'. Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Developing countries, 'Marketing, 'Economic analysis, India, Prices, Production rate, Growth, Grains(Food), Regula- tions, Incentives, International trade. Identifiers: Imports, AIDH. The author states that agricultural production growth of most of the developing countries in the last 3-4 years has very considerably decreased their dependence on imports, especially food grains. This shift from heavy dependence on im- ports to fast-increasing internal surpluses has cre- ated the need for new government regulations governing the control and operation of markets so that the domestic market becomes fully respon- sive to the production changes and at the same time keeps up the incentives for higher and better production. (Author) PB-219 696 PC A02/MF A01 Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. Changes in Small Farmer Credit Use in South- ern Brazil, 1965-69. (Br-332.71-A21 1). Occasional paper, Jun 69-Feb 72 Dale W. Adams, and Joseph L. Tommy. 1 1 Feb 72, 10p Occasional Paper-61, AID-BR-332.71- A211 Contract AID/csd-2501 Descriptors: 'Agricultural economics, 'Brazil, 'Credit, Surveys, Banking business, Policies, Sta- tistical data, Economic analysis, Classifications. Identifiers: 'Small farmers, Nonbank credit, AIDH. The paper summarizes the results of a study in southern Brazil which was focused at determining the characteristics of farmers who received addi- tional bank credit during the period 1 965 to 1 969. Information is also presented on changes in use of non-bank credit among farmers over the same period. Data were drawn from two sample surveys covering farm operation in 1 965 and 1 969 for 289 farms in southern Brazil. All of the units had 124 acres or less. Principle economic activities on the farms included various mixed enterprises of corn, beans, rice, wheat, hogs and dairy. Inducing banks to loan in a more socially efficient manner appears to be a major challenge. (Author Modified Ab- stract) PB-219 708 PC A03/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Food and Feed Grain Inst. Tour of Some U. S. Grain Storage Facilities for Entente Fund Officials. (Afr-631.23-C559). Trip rept. no. 30, 11 May- 16 May 72 Do Sup Chung. May 72, 27p AID-AFR-631.23- C559 Contract AID/csd-1588 Report on Food Frain Drying Storage. Handling and Transportation. Descriptors: 'Grains(Food), 'Storage, 'Buildings, Evaluation, Surveys, Facilities, Kansas, Develop- ing countries, West Africa, Problem solving, Silos. Identifiers: AIDH. A four day tour of grain storage facilities for En- tente Fund officials was conducted by Kansas State University. Fundamental principles concern- ing condensation and problems related to conden- sation in metal storage buildings were discussed. The following aspects were considered to be im- portant in reducing the possibility of condensation in metal storage facilities for bagged grains: (1) adequate ventilation (2) white paint used to paint the exterior, (3) do not stack grain bags against the walls, and (4) cover the grain pile with a plastic sheet, or put insulation on the roof inside of the storage building, thus creating at least a twenty- degree F. temperature differential between the in- terior and exterior air. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 710 PC A02/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. Preliminary Observations on the Production of New High Yielding Rice Varieties and Tradition- al Rice Varieties in Suphan Buri, Thailand. (Th- 633.18-B974). Rept. for Dec 70-Feb 72 William R. Burton, and Tongruay Chungtes. Feb 72, 16p Occasional Paper-52, AID-TH-633.18- B974 Contract AID/csd-2805 Presented at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thai- land. Feb 1-4, 1972. Descriptors: 'Rice plants, Farms, 'Farm manage- ment, Thailand, Production capacity, Selection, Cost factors, Rural areas. Identifiers: AIDH. The research paper discusses field research in Thailand on certain economic aspects of new rice technology, particularly the new high yielding rice varieties and associated inputs. The actual loca- tion of the study area was in Suphan Buri Province, some 1 00 kilometers northwest of Bangkok, Thai- land. A total of 1 53 rural households in six villages cooperated in the study. Forty of the rice farms were located in a deep water, broadcasted area where floating rice varieties are grown. The re- maining 93 rice-farms were in a transplanted rice area where many farmers were growing the new high yielding rice varieties. The authors provide summary tables on the following topics: table of farms; planted area and varieties grown; farmers growing new varieties; area and variety planted for the 1970 and 1971 seasons. They include sum- mary discussions of high yielding varieties other new rice technology, research and costs of pro- duction. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 71 1 PC A02/MF A01 Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering. Economic Aspects of Irrigation from Ground Water. (Br-631.7-H279a). George H. Hargreaves. 1972, 23p AID-BR-631.7- H279a Contract AID/csd-21 67 Presented at National Ground Water Symposium, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 27 Nov-1 Dec 72. Descriptors: 'Irrigation, 'Agricultural economics, 'Ground water, Irrigation, 'Brazil, Irrigation, Design, Cost estimates, Drainage, Arid land, Farm crops, Soybean plants, Wheat plants, Forage crops, Cotton plants. Identifiers: AIDH. Typical examples of economic analysis of ground water development in Brazil are discussed, citing specific data for Bolivian conditions with conver- sion to Cruzeiro values, but without a detailed knowledge of commodity prices and costs in Brazil. Use of ground water can produce both irri- gation and drainage benefits - pumping from un- derground reservoirs has alleviated many drainage problems. Typical irrigation systems were select- ed, designs developed, and costs estimated. From theoretical considerations, and from available crop, moisture - yield relationships developed in other areas, the supply of adequate moisture prop- erly distributed throughout the growing season should at least double production For cotton, sugar cane, soy beans, wheat, forage crops, and others with similar water requirements. Irrigation costs are analyzed. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 712 PC A15/MF A01 Georgia Univ., Athens. A Literature Review and Research Recommen- dations on Cassava 'Manlhot Esculenta Crantz'. (016.66423-H495). Research rept. Jul 69-Mar 72 C. H. Hendershott. Mar 72, 341 p AID-01 6.66423- H495 Contract AID/csd-2497 Descriptors: 'Farm crops, Agronomy, 'Food, De- veloping countries, Food supply, Production, Ecol- ogy, Botany, Genetics, Soils, Cultivation, Plant dis- eases, Nutritive value, Biochemistry, Economics, Market research. Identifiers: 'Cassava, AIDH. In the fall of 1969, a team of scientists from the University of Georgia was commissioned by the Technical Assistance Bureau of the Agency for In- ternational Development to (1) compile on a sys- tematic basis the available information about cas- sava and related research now in progress; (2) synthesize, appraise, and analyze the information gathered and to determine as near as possible the broad limitations and potential of cassava as a food and feed crop; and (3) to prepare a list of re- search needs in their order of importance, for the orientation of future research on cassava. This team, consisting of ten men, represented the areas of Agronomy, Animal Nutrition, Botany, Eco- nomics, Food Science, Genetics, Horticulture, Human Nutrition and Plant Pathology. Each of their reports appear as a separate chapter in this manu- script and in each case represents their own view on cassava in their particular area of speciality. (Author) PB-219 721 PC A02/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Food and Feed Grain Inst. Development of a Simple Storage Unit and Storage Method Applicable for Humid Areas in Developing Countries. (631.23-C559). Progress rept. no. 31 Do Sup Chung. 30 Jun 72, 24p AID-631.23-C559 Contract AID/csd-1588 Report on Food Grain Drying, Storage, Handling and Transportation. Descriptors: 'Grains(Food), 'Storage, 'Environ- mental tests, 'Humidity, Developing countries, En- vironment simulation, Corn, Containers, Dessi- cants, Silica gel, Test chambers, Observation, Fungus deterioration, Time, Effectiveness, Adsor- bents. Identifiers: 'Humid regions, AIDH. The development of a simple, inexpensive grain storage unit and storage method which can be used at farm and local levels in humid areas in order to preserve the quality of grain is discussed. Losses result from inadequate facilities and im- proper handling of food grains. Efforts are devoted to the development of storage that would not re- quire electricity, and that could be easily main- tained and operated by unskilled labor. Materials, methods, time and partial results are discussed. The grain used in this preliminary report was corn. A silica-gel adsorbant appears feasible, but 70 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES cheaper drying agents are needed. (Author modi- fied abstract) PB-219 725 PC A03/MF A01 Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. Methodology and General Data Description: Farm Level Capital Formation in Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Br-338.1-W515). Occasional paper, Jun 69-Dec 71 Kelso L. Wessel, and William C. Nelson. Dec 71, 44p Occasional Paper-47, AID-BR-338.1-W515 Contract AID/csd-2501 Descriptors: "Agricultural economics, "Capital, 'Farm management, "Brazil, Surveys, Economic analysis, Production, Productivity, Statistical data, Prices, Classifications, Income, Consumption, Savings, Investments, Financing. Identifiers: San Paulo(Brazil), Government credit programs, Land tenure, Technical assistance, AIDH. The focus of the research paper is on the capital formation process on Brazilian farms, with special emphasis on the role of credit and technology in bringing about rapid changes in agricultural pro- duction and/or productivity. An agricultural survey was made of 383 farms in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1970 in order to obtain the necessary farm level data. Several homogenous groups were identified which reflected farm characteristics of size, type, technology, tenure, market orientation, management level and mechanization. Analyses were made of farm organization, income, con- sumption, savings, investment and other distin- guishing characteristics to show the production- income-growth process for each group. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 735 PC A02/MF A01 National Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Ala. Potential Fertilizers for Developing Countries. (631.8-T297a). Summary rept. Jul 68-Jul 72. Aug 72, 20p AID-631.8-T297a Contract PASA-TA(QA)-6-69 Descriptors: "Fertilizers, Developing countries, Evaluation, Ureas, Phosphate inorganic acids, Phosphate deposits, Sulfates, Tropical regions. Identifiers: AIDH. The report presents a brief summary of tests re- cently made or in progress for production of sever- al potential fertilizer materials that may have appli- cation in developing countries. Such materials in- clude urea-phosphate rock, urea-single super- phosphate based materials, urea-ammonium sul- fate, granulated rock phosphate and improved urea. Emphasis is placed on the use of urea since it is now and will continue to be the most important nitrogen source in developing countries. Tests thus far are promising for development of a coating material which will improve the physical character- istics of urea used under tropical conditions. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 744 PC A07/MF A01 Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. Economic Growth Center. The Relevance and Prospects of Small Scale Industry in Colombia. (Co-338.64-B534). Discussion paper Albert Berry. 25 Apr 72, 139p EGC-DP-142, AID- CO-338.64-B534 Contract AID/csd-2492 Descriptors: "Industrial relations, "Colombia, "Pro- ductivity, "Scale(Ratio), Plants(lndustries), Magni- tude, Economic surveys, Statistical analysis, De- velopment, Efficiency, Labor relations, Policies, Predictions. Identifiers: "Small businesses, Technological de- velopment, AIDH. There is a shortage of documented information on Colombia's small scale industry. An approach uti- lized here focuses on, (1) the historical develop- ment (with emphasis on the last 20 years) of small scale production, (2) management performance in terms of the actual and potential efficiency with which converts resources into output, (3) the growth tendencies of plants and firms over a period of time according to their sizes, (4) the rela- tive factor productivity compared to larger industry, and (5) possible strategies for the success of this form of production. The data indicate that small and medium plants are on somewhat higher output/capital ratios than larger ones. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 757 PC A04/MF A01 Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agri- cultural Economics. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Production and Labour Utilization among the Hausa in the North of Nigeria. (Afr-338.1-N842). African rural employment study Apr 66-Mar 67 D. W. Norman. Jan 73, 53p AREP-4, AID-AFR- 338.1-N842 Grant AID/csd-3625 See also report dated Sep 72, PB-21 9 730. Descriptors: "Agriculture, "Nigeria, "Farm man- agement, Surveys, Communities, Rural areas, Data acquisition, Classifications, Land use, Man- power, Seasonal variations, Financing, Income, Statistical data, Linear programming, Farm crops. Identifiers: Zaria(Nigeria), AIDH. A case study examines the farming practices and production of Moslem farmers in the Zaria area of Northern Nigeria. Three Moslem villages were se- lected; Hanwa, which borders on Zaria itself, Doka, and Dan Mahawayi. The results of the study were derived from 42 farming families in Dan Mahawayi and 62 families in the other 2 villages. Data were secured on land and labor; seasonality of farming and off-farm occupations; farm capital goods and cash expenses; acres, yields and location of food and cash crops; composition of farm and family income; and comparative statistics for large and small farms in the three villages. (Author modified abstract) PB-219 759 PC A02/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agronomy. Relationships among Physical and Chemical Properties of Representative Soils of the Trop- ics from Puerto Rico. (Rq-631.42-P555). Agronomy paper for Jun 69-Mar 73 Warren R. Philipson, and Matthew Drosdoff. Mar 72, 6p Agronomy Paper-893, AID-RQ-631.42- P555 Contract AID/csd-2490 Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Proceed- ings, v36 n5 p81 5-81 9, Sep-Oct 1 972. Descriptors: "Soil properties, Tropical regions, "Puerto Rico, Soil properties, Soil surveys, Soil ho- rizons, Regression analysis, Soil chemistry, Soil profiles, Soil water, Cation exchanging, Tables(Data). Identifiers: AIDH. In an investigation of the extent to which predictive soil property relationships can be relied upon in characterizing soils of the tropics classified at the reconnaissance level, 9 to 15 soil properties, of 370 horizons, from 84 Puerto Rican profiles, were studied by correlation and multiple linear regres- sion. The soils represented six orders of the new U.S. Soil Taxonomy (7th Approximation): Vertisols, Mollisols, Alfisols, Inseptisols, Ultisols, and Oxi- sols. Multiple regression equations were formed from the data of each order, with 1 5-bar moisture content, CEC, organic carbon, extractable iron, and base saturation as dependent variables. The results indicate that, although it is possible to elimi- nate certain properties from tropical soil data ac- quisition and still adequately characterize the soil, the specific properties that can be successfully eliminated depend on the soil order. (Author) PB-219 768 PC A03/MF A01 Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology. Technological Change and the Traditional Small Farmer of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil. (Br- 631-R225). Occasional paper Norman Rask. Jun 72, 37p Occasional Paper-85, AID-BR-631.R225 Contract AID/csd-2501 Report on 'Studies in Agricultural Capital and Technology.' Descriptors: "Agricultural economics, "Brazil, "Economic development, Statistical data, Man- agement methods, Land use, Farm crops, Live- stock, Manpower, Deomographic surveys, Educa- tion, Income, Communities. Identifiers: "Technological change, "Small farm- ers, Rio Grande do Sul(Brazil), Lajeado(Brazil), AIDH. The paper concerns research on the determina- tion and evaluation of capital formation and the re- lationship of this process to technological change and economic development for the small farmer of Rio Grande Do Sul in Brazil. The author provides a general background of the geographic region and settlement patterns and a general description of small farm agriculture as it is practiced in this Bra- zilian state. The study reports on rates of techno- logical change on farms as related to farm size, technology available, and institutional settings. Findings are related to those for large farms. A case study of more than 6500 small farms located in the municipio of Lajeado is presented. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-219 772 PC A03/MF A01 Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. Economic Growth Center. Rural-Urban Migration, Urban Unemployment and Underemployment, and Job Research Ac- tivity in Ldcs. (331.127-F461). Discussion paper Gary S. Fields. Dec 72, 29p EGC-DP-168, AID- 331.127-F461 Contract AID/csd-2492 Descriptors: "Unemployment, "Developing coun- tries, Urban areas, Mathematical models, Popula- tion migrations, Rural areas. Identifiers: Underemployment, AIDH. A formal theoretical model is presented, with which the equilibrium allocation of the labor force be- tween labor markets is analyzed. Following the model of Harris and Todaro, the focus is on the voluntary movement of workers between labor markets as the equilibrating force, instead of the more conventional mechanism of wage adjust- ment. Four additional factors are considered: a more generalized account of the process of search for urban jobs; favoring of educated workers over uneducated workers by employers in hiring; the possibility of unemployment in the so-called 'murky sector'; and recognition of labor turnover in a multi- period framework. Results are compared with pre- dictions by Harris and Todaro. Urban unemploy- ment rates were found to be considerably lower than predicted by the Harris-Todaro model. The theory of quantity adjustment being the equilibrat- ing mechanism in labor markets is considered. Re- sults presented demonstrate that the resulting framework gives predictions that are closer to actual experience than the Harris-Todaro model. PB-219 774 PC A07/MF A01 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ- mental Sciences and Engineering. Planning Small Water Supplies in Developing Countries. (628.72-L384). Final rept. Jul 69-Jul 72 Donald T. Lauria. 1972, 141p AID-628.72-L384 Contract AID/csd-2494 Descriptors: "Water supply, Developing countries, Water resources, Community development, Man- agement, Economic models, Benefit cost analysis, Demand(Economics), Supply(Economics), Con- struction, Central America. Identifiers: AID. The research included two principal objectives: (1) develop a theoretical planning model for deciding water supply timing and scale in small communi- ties of developing countries; (2) initiate field stud- ies to obtain data on the parameters of the model to make it operational. The work of model develop- ment had to focus on several communities instead 71 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES of only one. Additionally, time in the model had to be made discrete because budgets are imposed at fixed points in time. Finally, the model had to in- clude the considerations of Manne's model perti- nent to developing countries: economies of scale, water supply benefits, increasing demand, the dis- count rate, etc. While the first research objective is theoretical, the second is pri marily applied. It was proposed to obtain at least preliminary information on water demand patterns in small commun ities, costs of water system construction, the economies of scale of water systems abroad, an by imputing, the benefits of publicly supplied water. All of the field data were obtained from Central America. (Author) PB-219 777 PC A03/MF A01 Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Center for Inter- national Affairs. A Subjective Equilibrium Theory of Share Ten- ancy. (333.53-W286). Economic rept., 31 May 67-Oct 72 Peter Warr. Oct 72, 31 p Economic Development- 222, AID-333.53-W286 Contract AID/csd-1 543 Descriptors: "Agricultural economics, "Developing countries, *Land use, * Economic analysis, Re- views, Economic development, Production, Uncer- tainty principle, Allocations, Policies, Labor rela- tions. Identifiers: Sharecropping, Tenancy, Resource al- location, Land reform, AIDH. An economic development report reviews the ana- lytics of share tenancy for land reform and other aspects of agricultural policy in the developing na- tions. Section 1 discusses the comparative statics of resource allocation under share-cropping, fixed rent tenancy, and capitalist production using wage labor. The implications of production uncertainty are treated in section 2 and are related to the con- clusions of the previous section. Production uncer- tainty is shown to modify the comparative static conclusions on resource allocation and to provide an explanation for the existence of share-cropping despite its alleged inefficiency. (Author) PB-219 950/3 PC A02/MF A01 Washington State Univ., Pullman. Waste Treatment for Small Flows J. F. Kreissl. 1971, 25p Presented at the Annual Meeting American Soci- ety of Agricultural Engineers, Washington State Univ., Pullman, Wash., 27-30 June 1 971 . Descriptors: "Sewage treatment, *Rural areas, Cost estimates, Water pollution, Septic tanks, Aer- obic processes, Sanitary sewers, Force mains, Sewage disposal. Identifiers: EPASW. The report surveys the problems of waste treat- ment in rural areas. It describes various treatment alternatives and gives cost estimates. PB-219 980/0 PC A03/MF A01 Alaska Univ., College. Inst, of Water Resources. Sludge Production and Disposal for Small, Cold Climate Bio-Treatment Plants Completion rept. Timothy Tilsworth. Dec 72, 50p IWR-32, OWRR- A-033-ALAS(2) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3202, DI-1 4-31 -0001- 3502 Descriptors: *Sludge drying, "Freezing, "Sewage treatment, Sludge disposal, "Dewatering, "Sludge disposal, Design criteria, Sand filtration, Aeration, Activated sludge process, Cost estimates, Water pollution. Identifiers: "Sludge treatment, OWRR. A sludge disposal process consisting of modified sand drying beds in combination with the freeze- thaw technique utilizing natural refrigeration was evaluated. The purpose of freeze-thawing of sewage sludge is principally to condition the sludge such that it is readily dewaterable and, sub- sequently, results in a reduced volume of solids to be further processed. The study consisted of three separate evaluations using three model drying beds for each respective run. Two of the beds were studied at sludge depths of six inches, and the third bed was evaluated at an eighteen-inch sludge depth. Settled activated sludge for place- ment on the model beds was obtained from the sedimentation tank of a local activated sludge plant. PB-220 349/5 PC A18/MF A01 Office of Water Resources Research, Washington, D.C. Water Resources Scientific Information Center. Irrigation Efficiency. A Bibliography Apr 73, 423p WRSlC-73-214, W73-09115 Descriptors: "Irrigation, Bibliographies, "Sprinkler irrigation, Efficiency, Abstracts, Policies, Manage- ment, Water supply, Design, Arid land, Farm crops, Evapotranspiration, Salinity, Soil water. Water con- servation, Utilization, Water consumption, Indexed(Documentation). Identifiers: OWRR. The report, containing 272 abstracts, is another in a series of planned bibliographies in water re- sources to be produced from the information base comprising SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS (SWRA). At the time of search for this bibliography, the data base had 53,230 ab- stracts covering SWRA through February 15, 1973 (Volume 6, Number 4). Author and subject indexes are included. (Author) PB-220 352/9 PC A04/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Center for Water Resources Research. Simulation Theory Applied to Water Resources Management. Phase III. Development of Opti- mal Operating Rules Hydrology and water resources technical rept. J. W. Fordham. Jan 72, 51 p H-W-Pub-13, OWRR-C-2153(3372)(2) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3372 See also report dated Sep 69, PB-1 97 849. Descriptors: "Water resources, "Management, "Rivers, "Economic models, Computerized simula- tion, Management planning, Evaluation, Optimiz- ation, Algorithms, Reservoirs, Arid land, Time, Re- gression analysis, Allocations, Hydrology, Califor- nia, Nevada, Systems analysis. Identifiers: Two river systems, Truckee River, Carson River, OWRR. The project evaluates simulation as a planning and mangement tool for water resources, evaluated in the context of the Truckee and Carson River System in Nevada and California. A simulation model of the two-river system was constructed which was verified using historical flows and man- agement practices. This simulation model was then embodied in an optimization algorithm for the system as a whole. The problem was formulated as a capacitated flow network and solved using an out-of-kilter algorithm. The reservoir releases and diversions from several flow traces were then sub- jected to multiple regression analysis to determine optimal operating rules for the five reservoirs and for diversions within the system. (Author Modified Abstract) PB-220 525/0 PC A03/MF A01 Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. A Study of Rural Cooperatives: Summary Volume Final rept. 1 Jul 71-28 Feb 73 William L. Hamilton. Feb 73, 37p OEO-LN-1368 Contract OEO-BIC-5296 Paper copy also available from NTIS $4.75/set of 2 reports as PB-220 524-SET. Descriptors: "Rural areas, Marketing, "Economic development, Rural areas, Commerce, Reviews, Benefit cost analysis, Classifications, Socioeco- nomic status, Requirements, Objectives, Recom- mendations, Policies. Identifiers: "Rural cooperatives, OEO. An analysis is presented of rural cooperatives as a program to provide economic and non-economic benefits to low-income members and the rural community. (Author) PB-220 526/8 PC A13/MF A01 Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. A Study of Rural Cooperatives: Analysis Final rept. 1 Jul 71-28 Feb 73 William L Hamilton. Feb 73, 279p OEO-LN-1369 Contract OEO-B1C-5296 Paper copy also available from NTIS $4.75/set of 2 reports as PB-220 524-SET. Descriptors: "Rural areas, "Marketing, "Economic development, Rural areas, Commerce, Benefit cost analysis, Socioeconomic status, Community development, Policies, Data acquisition, Manage- ment. Identifiers: "Rural cooperatives, OEO. The study is designed to answer questions dealing with developing and structuring programs of sup- port to cooperatives. These questions involve the goals coops set, and how they are articulated, the different strategies a low-income coop may follow, and those which work best in various situations, the effectiveness of the low-income coops in ac- complishing the goals they select, the internal and external factors related to success in delivering benefits, and the type and level of support low- income cooperatives need. PB-220 825/4 PC A06/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Ferrocement: Applications In Developing Countries Panel study. Feb 73, 105p Contract AID/csd-2584 Summaries in French and Spanish. Library of Con- gress Catalog Card No. 73-4027. Descriptors: "Reinforced concrete, "Developing countries, "Wire cloth, Reinforced concrete, Boats, Food industry, Equipment, Roofing, Evalua- tion, China, Silos, Construction materials, Thai- land, Ethiopia, New Zealand. Identifiers: "Ferrocement, NASNAE. An ad hoc panel was convened to concentrate on three specific tasks: (1) evaluating the current state of the art of ferrocement as an engineering material; (2) evaluating the principal areas of appli- cation on both land and water; and (3) developing specific recommendations for promoting the use of ferrocement in a logical, effective manner. Specific areas covered in the report include: ferrocement for boatbuilding; for food-storage facilities; for food-processing equipment; for low-cost roofing; and materials technology. Appendicies discuss Ferrocement boatbuilding in a Chinese commune; Ferrocement food storage in Thailand; Ferroce- ment-lined underground grain silos in Ethiopia; and New Zealand ferrocement tanks and utility build- ings. PB-221 096/1 PC A06/MF A01 Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Single Cell Proteins from Celluloslc Wastes Final rept. C. D. Callihan, and C. E. Dunlap. 1973, 105p* EPA-6702-73-02 Grant PHS-EC-00328 Descriptors: "Solid waste disposal, Cellulose, "Cellulose, "Fermentation, "Agricultural wastes, "Food processing, "Bagasse, Solid waste dispos- al, Proteins, Biodeterioration, Drying, Process var- iables, Cost estimates, Pilot plants, Utilization, Sugarcane. Identifiers: "Food supplements, "High protein sup- plements, Hyperfiltration, NERC. The need for protein feed and the need to dispose of waste cellulose are problems being studied to develop a feasible method for the direct conver- sion of cellulosic wastes to microbial protein-a single cell protein to be used as an animal feed supplement. This report presents data on the proc- ess and summarizes research in large-scale pro- duction. The economics and techniques of the conversion process are compared with work done by petroleum companies on the fermentation of hydrocarbons. Controlling variables used in the process are defined and significant goals neces- sary to achieve success in the field are described. 72 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES The research deals mainly with the alkali treatment and fermentation parts of the process. Different micro-organisms from which single cell protein can be produced are given. Research in the areas of cell flocculation, flotation, or hyperfiltration are rec- ommended to improve the most costly single step of the process-drying the cells. Methods of de- creasing the degree of crystallinity are also includ- ed. The practicality of complete acid hydrolysis of cellulose to a soluble substrate for conversion to yeast protein and partial acid hydrolysis of the cel- lulose followed by microbial consumption is dis- cussed. An economic analysis is given of the po- tential markets and the competitive cost with other proteins. (Modified author abstract) PB-221 142/3 PC A07/MF A01 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, Pa. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Special Topics. Human Powered Transit; Remote Medical System; Water Treatment Final rept. John C. Purcupile. May 73, 130p* Contract HUD-H-1 558 SeealsoPB-215 071. Descriptors: "Bicycles, Research, 'Medical serv- ices, trailers, 'Potable water, Water treatment, 'Urban planning, Research, Design, Roads, Cen- tral city, Medical equipment, Osmosis, Urban areas, Rural areas. Identifiers: OUTR. The report includes final results of project present- ed in the December 1 7, 1 971 publication, The New City, which addresses the useful application of technology to solving urban problems. Topics in- clude: (1 ) Human Powered Transit - examines ele- ments of a human powered system: human power output, vehicle design, roadway design, and poten- tial areas for the system such as a CBD, campus, and planned community; (2) Remote Medical System - develops a conceptual design of a system using mobile vans, paramedics and tele- communication to provide health services in geo- graphically remote or in inner city areas and in- cludes a bibliography; (3) Water Treatment System - designs and builds an inexpensive water treat- ment system using the principle of reverse osmo- sis to provide safe drinking water in rural areas. This system will be introduced by Peace Corps and Vista workers in appropriate areas. PB-221 494/8 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS Caldwell Lace Leather Co., Auburn, Ky. Secondary Waste Treatment for a Small Diver- sified Tannery Environmental protection technology series E. L. Thackston. Apr 73, 82 EPA-R2-72-209 Grant FWPCA-WPRD-25-01 Paper copy available GPO $1.25 as EP1 .23/2:73- 209. Descriptors: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Tanning materials, 'Water pollution, Tanning materials, Ac- tivated sludge treatment, Leather, Design, Per- formance evaluation. Identifiers: 'Tanneries, 'Water pollution control, Biological industrial waste treatment, ORM. The Caldwell Lace Leather Co. of Auburn, Ken- tucky, a small tannery using primarily alum tanning but some chrome and vegetable tanning, received a demonstration grant to investigate and demon- strate methods of treating tannery wastes for dis- charge to a small stream. A research contract with Vanderbilt University produced findings which have previously been reported and are reviewed herein. A modified completely-mixed activated sludge plant was constructed, along with facilities to handle specific problem wastes. After it had been operating for a year, an EPA survey team conducted a study which showed that the plant was performing as predicted by the research phase, except for solids carryover from the sec- ondary clarifier due to mechanical problems. After the problems were corrected, the plant began pro- ducing an effluent which more than met expecta- tions, removing 97% of the suspended solids and 95% of the BOD. The report reviews the charac- teristics of the wastes and discusses the treatment process. PB-222 331/1 PC A02/MF A01 Hawaii State Dept. of Planning and Economic De- velopment, Honolulu. State Center for Science Policy and Technology Assessment. A Solid Waste Primer. Facts and Statistics on Solid Waste Handling Disposal Ginger Plasch. 28 Jan 72, 11p Grant NSF-GT-25 Presented at Solid Waste Recycling Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, 27-28 Jan 72. Descriptors: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hawaii, Mate- rials handling Cost estimates, Legislation, Waste disposal. Identifiers: NSF. This short primer provides (a) a description of methods of handling and disposing of solid waste materials, (b) solid waste information and statistics concerning Oahu, (c) capsule information on Hawaii State legislation, and (d) some definitions of types of solid waste and methods of disposal. (Author) PB-222 495/4 PC A03/MF A01 Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Environmental Resources Center. Institutional Requirements for Optimal Water Quality Management in Arid Urban Areas Completion rept. Wynn R. Walker, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Robert C. Ward, and Thomas L Huntzinger. Jun 73, 47p Completion-48, OWRR-B-071 -COLO(4) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3567 Descriptors: 'Water supply, Optimization, 'Water quality, Optimization, 'Urbanization, Water quality, Water pollution, Semiarid land, Mathematical ■models, Utah Lake drainage area, Requirements, Regional planning, Summarizing, Government policies, Systems analysis. Identifiers: 'Denver(Colorado), OWRR. Water management strategies in arid urbanizing regions require careful evaluation of alternatives for supplying future demands and controlling water quality. Mathematical models were developed which describe the interrelationships among var- ious institutional factors in order to delineate the requirements for implementing optimal policies. The first of two study areas selected to test the utility of the models is Denver, Colorado. The Utah Lake drainage area in central Utah is the second region considered. In this region, water quality management is necessary to insure the continued use of water in the downstream population center of the state. Together these models produce re- sults useful in determining the optimal strategies for water management in arid urbanizing areas. A generalized summary is presented to integrate these findings into a West-wide evaluation of this problem. (Modified author abstract) PB-222 511/8 PC-GPO/MF A01-NTIS National Area Development Inst, of Spindletop Re- search, Inc., Lexington, Ky. Improving Water Quality Management Planning in Nonmetropolltan Areas Final 25 Apr-25 Aug 72 E. Evan Brunson, John D. Leslie, and Edwin W. Webber. Jan 73, 69p* EPA-68-01-0194 Contract EPA-68-01-0194 Paper copy available from GPO $0.95 as EP1.2:W29/7. Descriptors: 'Regional planning, 'Water quality, 'Rural areas, Water quality, 'Water pollution, Re- gional planning, Assessments, Local government, Management planning, State government, Com- munities, National government, Financing. Identifiers: Intergovernmental, OAP. The report presents the results of a study which examined water quality management planning in nonmetropolitan areas. It presents recommended improvements reflecting both national policy and the diverse problems of these areas. The objective of the study was to assist EPA in adapting its re- quirements more closely to nonmetropolitan prob- lems and to prescribe appropriate roles for other Federal and state agencies and substate planning and development organizations in the process. Three States - Oregon, Wisconsin and South Caro- lina - were selected, each containing several non- metropolitan substate districts, and representing different intergovernmental approaches to water quality management planning and a significant amount of program activity by the four Federal agencies involved. They also presented sufficient commonality tc provide valid general conclusions. PB-222 773/4 PC A14/MF A01 Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering. Irrigation Management for Control of Quality of Irrigation Return Flow Environmental Protection Technology series Larry G. King, and R. John Hanks. Jun 73, 321 p EPA-R2-73-265 Paper copy available from GPO $3.45 as stock no. EP1 .23/2:73-265. Descriptors: 'Irrigation, Subsurface drainage, 'Subsurface drainage, Mathematical models, Hy- drology, Salinity, Soil water, Evapotranspiration, Management planning, Leaching, Flow rate, Com- puter programs, Arid regions. Identifiers: 'Return flow. The models described in the report were devel- oped to aid in the control of irrigation return flow. Field studies tested the possibilities for using the unsaturated soil profile including the crop root zone as a temporary salt reservoir and providing excess water for leaching and salt discharge when desired. Two models were developed for describ- ing flow of water and salt through the soil with ex- traction of water by evapotranspiration. One model was designed for use as an irrigation management tool while the other model was initially intended to provide a detailed understanding of the water and salt flow through the soil. Timing of irrigation was tested as a management variable. PB-223 373/2 PC A07/MF A01 Mississippi State Univ., State College. Water Re- sources Research Inst. A Study of Managerial Practices in Rural Water Systems Charles P. Cartee, and D. C. Williams, Jr. Jul 73, 133p* OWRR-B-008-MISS(1) Descriptors: 'Water supply, 'Management meth- ods, 'Rural areas, 'Water services, Systems engi- neering, Standards, Growth, Requirements, Sur- veys, Inequalities, Operations, Maintenance, Operators(Personnel), Management analysis, Mis- sissippi. Identifiers: OWRR. The rural community water system program in Mis- sissippi has grown until the systems total is now over 580, the second largest of all the states. Due to the rapid growth and changing demands and standards, a study of managerial practices was deemed appropriate. The emphasis is directed toward deficiencies in management. Also of con- cern were the relations of operating and mainte- nance costs per user to system size. PB-223 510/9 PC A06/MF A01 North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minn. Black Walnut as a Crop. Black Walnut Sympo- sium, Carbondale, Illinois, August 14-15, 1973 Forest service general technical rept. (Final) Jul 73, 120p* Rept no. FSGTR-NC-4 Descriptors: 'Nut trees, Research, 'Walnuts, Culti- vation, Walnut wood, Plant genetics, Plant growth, Economic development, Marketing, Wood prod- ucts, Plant reproduction, Protection, Meetings. Identifiers: 'Juglans migra, Silviculture, FS. The report contains 30 papers on black walnut pre- sented at a symposium in Carbondale, Illinois, in August 1973. Subjects covered include black walnut resources, utilization, and marketing; silvi- culture; tree improvement; nut culture and produc- tion; protection; and economics. PB-224 222 PC A05/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. 73 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Capital Formation of the Ecuadorian Frontier: A Study of Human Investment and Moderniza- tion in the Riobambenos Cooperative Peter M. Gladhart. Apr 72, 78p A.E.Res-72-5, AID-EC-3338.1-G542 Contract AID/csd-2823 Identifiers: AIDH. The agricultural production activities of spontane- ous settlers is described in detail, with special focus upon the determinants of family income and investment and rate of capital formation. The co- operative Riobambenos del Rio Chilimpe was se- lected for extensive study. Production processes and family income structure was analyzed for 22 farmers for calendar year 1 967. The most impor- tant sources of income for the majority of farmers were, in order: crop sales, livestock sales, and timber sales. 59% of family receipts for the aver- age farmer were provided by crop sales. The most important crop was plantain. Important develop- mental benefits of land settlement in Santo Domin- go de Los Colorados include: economic integra- tion, redistribution of income, and creation of a modern agricultural sector. PB-224 266/7 PC A06/MF A01 Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Office of Water Program Operations. Selection and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Facilities - Training Manual Charles E. Sponagle. Apr 73, 117p* Rept no. EPA-430/ 1-73-005 Descriptors: "Sewage treatment, "Manuals, Edu- cation, Packaged sewage treatment, Septic tanks, Industrial plants, Water pollution, Maintenance. Identifiers: 'Sewage treatment plants, Physical chemical treatment, EPAWP. The training manual consists of a series of outlines used as a base of instruction. Subjects covered in- clude characteristics of the water environment; pollution from municipal and industrial sources; methods of wastewater treatment; consideration of specific types of small treatment plants, includ- ing septic tanks, package plants, and lagoons; and control tests, sampling, and inspections associat- ed with maintaining effective treatment plant oper- ation. PB-224 411/9 PCA02/MFA01 Puerto Rico Planning Board, Santurce. Experimental Industrialized Housing Program. Model H-620 - Single Family Dwelling Final rept. on phase 2. 30 Sep 72, 19p Rept no. PRPB-71-02 Prepared by Puerto Rico Urban Renewal and Housing Administration. Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, Reinforced concrete, *Prefabrication, Houses, 'Construction, "Puerto Rico, Socioeconomic status, Cost analy- sis, Asbestos cement products, Roofs, Wooden structures, Floors, Walls, Project planning. Identifiers: "Low cost housing, Detached dwell- ings, Low income housing, UPCD. The report contains a description and plans for a reinforced concrete house with asbestos cement roof, to be prefabricated by industrialized methods. A detailed cost analysis is included. PB-224 749/2 PC A05/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Mosquito Control. Some Perspectives for De- veloping Countries Mar 73, 76p* Contract AID/csd-2584 A report of an Ad Hoc Panel of the Advisory Com- mittee on Technological Innovation, Office of the Foreign Secretary. Summaries in Spanish and French. Descriptors: "Culicidae, "Pest control, "Develop- ing countries, "Insect control, Nematoda, Fungi, Larvae, Parasitology, Plants(Botany), Growth regu- lators, Fishes, Protozoa, Insect vectors, Inverte- brates. Identifiers: "Mosquito control, "Biological insect control, AID. The panel of Perspectives in Mosquito-Control Methods Suitable for Developing Countries met in Washington, D.C. four times during 1972 and 1 973. The panel identified almost fifty topics in bio- logical, chemical, or environmental control of mos- quitoes that are not receiving the research atten- tion they warrant. The panel chose nine topics that were promising for use in developing countries. These topics are: larvivorous fish, invertebrate predators, genetic control, parasitic nematodes, parasitic protozoans, parasitic fungi, pathogenic bacteria, juvenile hormone mimics, and larvicidal plants. Each topic covered in the report includes a list of selected readings, and source of research. Panel members are listed. PB-225 129/6 PC A03/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Research Management and Technical Entre- preneurship: A. U.S. Role in Improving Skills in Developing Countries An Hoc Advisory Panel. 1973, 50p Contract AID/csd-2584 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-12294. Descriptors: "Industrial engineering, "Developing countries, "Transfer of technology, "Management planning, Research management, Research, Re- views, Quality control, Production control, Im- provement, Economic forecasting, Management training, Industrial relations, Problem solving, Proj- ect planning, United States. Identifiers: Less developed countries, Research and development, AID. The Ad Hoc Advisory Panel on Research Manage- ment and Technical Entrepreneurship in LDCs re- viewed the gamut of technical functions involved in improving industrial operations in LDCs. It exam- ined research management as a part of technical management-from quality and production control, through product and process improvement, to the development of indigenous technology or assimila- tion of advanced technology from abroad, and fi- nally to project or process evaluation. The report argues for an experimental approach to try out and perfect avenues of training, in concert with other countries similarly engaged, and to the fullest extent possible within the developing countries themselves. PB-225 511/5 PC A04/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Center for Water Resources Research. Arid Urban Water Management: Some Econom- ic, Institution and Physical Aspects Hydrology and water resources technical rept. G. F. Cochran, and W. C. Wilson. Nov 71, 72p H- W-Pub-11, OWRR-1 872(31 73)(1) See also PB-204 492. Descriptors: "Water resources, "Systems analysis, "Water supply, "Nevada, "Arid land, Water supply, Organizations, Lake Mead, Groundwater, Land use, Water distribution, Management analysis, Sur- face waters, Rates(Costs), Urban areas, Economic factors. Identifiers: Las Vegas(Nevada), OWRR. The study area is the Las Vegas Valley in southern Nevada which has a ground- and surface-water supply system. Possible future population growth and water requirements for the area are examined. Water use projections are based on type of use and area of use predicted on land use plans and economic relationships. Area water pricing schemes are examined to disclose possible inequi- ties in burden carried by various used groups to amortize water facilities and pay operating costs. The pricing mechanism is examined as a means of controlling water usage and providing equitable cost distribution. Water related institutions extent are examined in light of their apparent ability to ex- ercise optimal or near optimal control over the water resources systems. An alternative institution is proposed which would enhance control and opti- mal use of available resources. Models of the var- ious physical components of conjunctive water re- source system are presented and are discussed in relationship to current institutional controls. (Modi- fied author abstract) PB-225 800 PC A03/MF A01 Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agri- cultural Economics. Designing Agricultural Marketing Systems in Developing Countries. (380.141-S825) James D. Shaffer. Feb 72, 32p Staff Paper Ser- 72-3, AID-380.141-S825 Contract AID/csd-2826 Presented at the Agricultural Marketing Confer- ence held in Kathmandu (Nepal), on 21-24 Feb 72. Identifiers: AIDH. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the design of improved agricultural marketing systems as a means of stimulating economic development. This implies two propositions: (1) that the marketing system can be an active element in the develop- ment process and (2) that high performance mar- keting systems do not develop automatically in re- sponse to the needs of a particular situation. Mar- keting is often neglected in development planning because one or the other or both of these proposi- tions are implicitly rejected. The theme of this paper has been that improved organization and coordination of food production-distribution sys- tems is critical in the effective transformation from a traditional agricultural economy with low produc- tivity to a scientific industrial one with high produc- tivity. PB-225 933 PC A03/MF A01 Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agri- cultural Economics. Three Rural Development Models for Small Farm Agricultural Areas in Low Income Na- tions-Some Results from Comilla, Bangladesh. (BG-301 .34095492-S845 Staff paper Robert D. Stevens. Jun 72, 29p AID-BG- 301.34095492-S845 Contract AID/csd-2826 Identifiers: AIDH. The paper provides an outline and analysis of three effective models of programs for small farm agricultural areas based upon ten years experi- ence in Bangladesh. The models are for (1 ) effec- tive agricultural cooperatives, (2) the improvement of rural government, and (3) for a social science institution which conducts pilot operations, train- ing, and research in rural development. In a broad- er social science framework, development pro- grams require analysis in the framework of cultural and economic change. The role of models such as the three analyzed here is to provide ways to ac- celerate change at a productive rate toward de- sired goals. PB-225 956 PC A03/MF A01 Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agri- cultural Economics. The Effectiveness and Financial Stability of the Comilla Agricultural Cooperative Credit System for Small Farmers, (BG-332.71-S845) Robert D. Stevens, and Anwarul Hoque. Apr 71, 29p Staff Paper Ser-72-8, AID BG-332.71-S845 Contract AID/csd-2826 Presented at a Workshop on 'Agricultural Credit for Small Farmers in Less Developed Countries', held in Arlington, Va., on 6-7 Apr 71 . Identifiers: AIDH. After some introductory remarks providing a framework within which this analysis is made, the paper focuses in Part II on the effectiveness of the Comilla Cooperative System in providing credit to small farmers. The third part of the paper exam- ines the operating procedures and economic sta- bility of the Comilla Agricultural Cooperatives Fed- eration. In the fourth part, some conclusions and discussion of special issues are offered. PB-226 015 PC E08/MF A01 American Institutes for Research, Pittsburgh, Pa. Ability Testing in Developing Countries. A Handbook of Principles and Techniques. (371.264-S411a) Handbook 1960-1968 Paul A. Schwarz, and Robert E. Krug. 1972, 257pAID-371.264-S411a Contract AID/csd-798 Identifiers: AIDH. 74 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES An eight-year program of research and develop- ment with the objective of devising techniques of aptitude testing that could be applied in cultures in which standard ability tests are not fully effective and to assist in the application of these techniques to human resource development program was conducted under an AID-supported program. The final phase of the project developed and present- ed the results in the form of this handbook. PB-226 621/1 PC E06/MF A01 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Program on Policies for Science and Technology in Developing Nations. The Natural Resource Potential for Regional Development of Llmon Province: A Preliminary Survey Oct 73, 162p Contract AID/csd-3391 Descriptors: 'Natural resources, *Costa Rica, "Economic development, Economic surveys, Re- gional planning, Industrial relations, Agriculture, Transportation, Livestock, Wildlife, Developing countries. Identifiers: *Limon Province(Costa Rica), Tourism, AID. The study is part of a larger study to understand the appropriate role of science and technology in the development of a small country like Costa Rica. The Limon survey may be described as a broad brush survey of the natural resources exist- ing in the region. This effort comprised gathering data relevant to the survey, evaluating the data, and suggesting studies for formulating policies for regional development. The study was made by a team from Cornell University in cooperation with Costa Rican consultants. PB-227 591/5 PC A04/MF A01 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. Woodworking. Circular-Saw Accidents Final rept. 1951-52. Jan 56, 74p Rept no. BLS-Bull-1190 Also available in set of 56 reports as PB-243 1 25- SET, PC E99, MF E99. Descriptors: 'Sawmills, 'Industrial accidents. Per- sonnel, Sawing, Woodworking, Injuries, Safety en- gineering, Industrial hygiene, Statistical data, Sta- tistical analysis. Identifiers: ^Occupational safety and health. The report contains the results of a study of over 1 ,200 accidents which involved circular saws. Port- able circular saws and large circular saws used in sawmills were excluded. State safety inspectors investigated any accident within the scope of the study which they found in the course of perform- ance of their regular duties. Only accidents which occurred during 1951 or 1952 were included. Infor- mation about the number of injuries by nature of injury, part of body injured, agency (source) of injury, type of accident, hazardous condition, unsafe act, and activity of injured (feeding, off bearing, etc.) is presented. Descriptions of 22 typi- cal accidents with recommendations for prevent- ing them are included. PB-227 616/0 PCA11/MFA01 Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dept. of Design. Simplified Housing Construction Systems for Rural Poor Families Final rept. J. Michael DeRienzo. Jan 73, 241 p* Rept no. JMDCONS-73-1 Descriptors: 'Residential buildings, 'Construction, 'Manuals, 'Economic factors, Rural areas, So- cioeconomic status, Construction materials, Sys- tems engineering, Structural design, Components, Methodology, Construction costs, Illinois. Identifiers: Low cost housing, OUTR. The volume is designed to familiarize the groups of underprivileged rural inhabitants with simple con- struction techniques, new materials available, and the exploitation of common but often unrecog- nized building materials. Use of the latest technol- ogy, along with low cost or no cost materials and methods will permit an owner-builder to assemble a rationalized living unit. Emphasis is on construc- tion techniques which require little skill and time to accomplish. PB-228 100/4 PC A09/MF A01 Arizona Univ., Tucson. Office of Arid Lands Stud- ies. World Desertification: Cause and Effect. A Lit- erature Review and Annotated Bibliography Wade C. Sherbrooke, and Patricia Paylore. 1973, 176p* Arid Lands Resource-IP-3, OWRR-W- 141(3729)(3) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3729 Descriptors: 'Deserts, 'Land use, 'Bibliographies, Arid land, Climatology, Droughts, Precipitation(Meteorology), Land reclamation, Soil erosion, Reforestation, Agriculture, Grazing land, Reviews. Identifiers: OWRR. An annotated bibliography is presented of 252 ref- erences, computer-produced from the University of Arizona's Arid Lands Information System (ALIS), with accompanying text that reviews briefly both cause and effect of world desertification. Causes fall into two categories: long-term (in the geologic sense) climatic change as supported by meteoro- logical, archaeological, gemorphological, vegeta- tional, palynological, and dendrochronological evi- dence in the literature; and those activities of man's historic occupance of arid and semiarid re- gions that have contributed to degeneration of marginal lands: agricultural and irrigation practices, grazing, fire, nomadism, and sand stablization and reforestation. Beyond these two categories, there is a third: climatic fluctuation - - short-term weather patterns induced by uncertain rainfall and followed by cyclic droughts from which marginal areas may not recover is subjected to continued attempts at intensive use that cannot be sustained by a dry year or a succession of dry years. Portions of this document are not fully legible. PB-228 348/9 PC A07/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Board on Science and Technology for Internation- al Development. Meeting the Challenge of Industrialization: A Feasibility Study for an International Industrial- ization Institute Aug 73, 145p* Contract AID/csd-2584 Report of a Special International Panel of the Board on Science and Technology for Internation- al Development Office of the Foreign Secretary. Li- brary of Congress Catalog Card no. 73-11740. Summary in Spanish and French. Descriptors: 'Economic development, 'Industrial relations, 'International relations, 'Organizations, 'Industrialization, Feasibility, Policies, Transfer of technology. Research, Project planning, Objec- tives, Developing countries. Identifiers: 'Institutes, AID. The report advances the concept of an independ- ent, interdisciplinary research institute to illuminate new policy options confronting all nations. The study was made by an ad hoc advisory panel of the National Academy of Sciences, in consultation with leaders concerned with economic develop- ment from developed and developing countries. Appendices: (A) Illustrative research projects, (B) Terms of reference, (C) List of conferees. PB-229 209/2 PC E06/MF A01 Housing Assistance Council, Inc., Washington, D.C. An Analysis of Alternative Low-Income Rural Housing Systems Final rept. Gordon Cavanaugh. 29 Jun 73, 137p HUD-PDR- 406 Descriptors: 'Low income housing, 'Rural areas, Public housing projects, Surveys, Problem solving, Recommendations, Economic development dis- tricts, Housing agencies, Cost analysis, Defects, Systems analysis, Georgia, Colorado, South Caro- lina, Mississippi, Tennessee, Vermont. Identifiers: Alternatives, 'Housing and urban de- velopment research, OUTR. The study examines several areas' housing au- thorities with regard to their public housing alterna- tives, and outlines the problems of small housing authorities. The report includes a design of a model agency and makes administrative and legis- lative recommendations. PB-229 813/1 PC E03/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Technological Opportunities for Tropical For- estry Development Gordon D. Fox. Nov 73, 37p TA/OST-73-21, AID-ARC-634.0-F791 Descriptors: 'Tropical woods, 'Technology trans- fer, 'Forest industry, 'Developing countries, Eco- nomic development, Forestry management, United States, Project planning, Utilization charac- teristics, Socioeconomic conditions, Political ob- jectives, Institutional implications, Improvement, Criteria. Identifiers: AID. The paper is intended to identify the highest pay- off opportunities for the application of U.S. tech- nology to the needs of developing countries for sound management and utilization of forest re- sources. Specifically the paper includes: (1) devel- opment of criteria for determining whether the po- litical-socio-economic and institutional framework in an LDC is sufficiently favorable so that techno- logical inputs will meaningfully improve forest utili- zation and management; (2) identification of ap- propriate countries; and (3) examination of a limit- ed number of countries to illustrate how specific technological inputs can be matched with priority needs, and assessment of likely pay-offs. PB-229 822/2 PC E02/MF A01 Agency for International Development, Washing- ton, D.C. Office of Science and Technology. Utilization of Tropical Forests. (A Review of the Forestry Literature In the Agency for Interna- tional Development Reference Center) Edward P. Cliff. Nov 73, 31 p TA/OST-73-20, AID-ARC-634.98072-C637 Descriptors: 'Forestry, 'Developing countries, 'Reviews, Forest industry, Utilization characteris- tics, Land use, Trees, Problem solving, Recom- mendations, Reforestation, Project planning, Im- provement, Eccnomic development, Tropical woods, Africa, Latin America, Asia. Identifiers: AID. A review is made of forestry reports, publications, and other documents in the A.I.D. Reference Center to determine information available on utili- zation problems of secondary tree species in the developing countries. The time span covered is 27 years beginning in 1 946. The report identifies for- estry and land use problems, and examines rec- ommended measures to upgrade forestry pro- grams and improve utilization of unused and little used species. PB-230 738/7 PC E02/MF A01 Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Factors Influencing the Utilization of Tropical Wood Species Final rept. Alan D. Freas, Martin Chudnoff, Robert C. Koeppen, and S. Blair Hutchison. Nov 73, 34p AID-ARC-634.9-F849 Grant PASA-TA(AJ)-2-73 Descriptors: 'Tropical woods, Utilization, Con- straints, Reviews, Factor analysis, Economic de- velopment, Developing countries. Identifiers: AID. A.I.D. has been concerned, for an extended period of time, over the deleterious practice, in many tropical countries, of concentrating on. a relatively limited number of species of tropical woods for ex- ploitation. This investigative report, through review of available literature and on-the-ground consulta- tion in selected countries, attempts to determine 75 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES whether lack of knowledge of secondary species characteristics is the primary deterrent to their in- creased use, or whether there are other equally and perhaps more important factors to be consid- ered. PB-231 006/8 PC A05/MF A01 Forest Products Lab., Madison, Wis. Development of the Tropical Wood Resource Martin Chudnoff. Nov 73, 76p* TA/OST-73-23 Grant PASA-TA(AJ)-2-73 Descriptors: "Tropical woods, 'Forestry manage- ment, Reviews, Forest industry, Forest trees, In- ventories, Utilization, Identifying, Statistical data. Identifiers: Silviculture, AID. The report is one of a series on the subject of tropi- cal forest utilization and management. The report covers the period 1 950-1 970 and focuses on a few selected countries with emphasis on definition of forests. It is based mostly on a library study and is divided into seven parts: Literature review; forest flora; commercial species; forest enumerations; silvicultural systems; characterization of primary species; and ten-year summary of roundwood re- movals, production, and trade. PB-231 144/7 PC A04/MF A01 Mitre Corp., McLean, Va. Dissemination and Utilization of Solar Energy Research Results. Report to the Office of Sys- tems Integration and Analysis Directorate of Applied Research, National Science Founda- tion Final rept. Richard S. Greeley. Dec 73, 69p MTR-6544, NSD-RA/N-73-111D Contract NSF-C831 See also PB-231 145. Descriptors: 'Solar energy, * Research projects, •Project management, Distributing, Utilization. Identifiers: Technology transfer, NSFRA. Thirty recommendations have been made for es- tablishing groups within or reporting to the NSF Solar Energy Program Office and initiating activi- ties for the dissemination and utilization of solar energy research results. The primary recommen- dations include establishing an Advisory Commis- sion and an information office reporting to the Pro- gram Director and constructing visitor centers on the sites of each Proof of Cencept Experiment. Training courses and public education would be conducted at each center following successful op- eration of the POCE system. (Modified author ab- stract) PB-231 149/6 PC A07/MF A01 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Proceedings of the Bioconversion Energy Re- search Conference Held at Massachusetts Univ., Amherst on 25-26 June 1973 26 Jun 73, 129p* NSF-RA/N-73-007 GrantNSF-GI-39215 Descriptors: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials re- covery, "Methane, 'Meetings, Digestion(Decomposition), Anaerobic processes, Refuse disposal, Garbage disposal, Sewage dis- posal, Manufactured gas. Identifiers: 'Methane digestion, NSFRA. The two-day conference addressed itself to the question of biological conversion of waste and feedlot materials to methane. The specific objec- tives of the conference were: to exchange recent research information between engineers and sci- entists on research accomplishments and prob- lems related to bioconversion studies; to contrib- ute to the long-range planning of the funding agen- cies and research workers in the field; to provide improved communications between the research community and the users' groups; to identify the processes and technology important to the pro- duction of methane from waste and feed lot mate- rials; to identify the important economic factors as- sociated with bioconversion processes. These proceedings consist of the summary statements provided by each principal speaker at the confer- ence, together with a transcript of essentially all of the tape-recorded question-and-answer period that followed each presentation. PB-231 200/7 PC A21/MF A01 Office of Water Resources Research, Washington, D.C. Water Resources Scientific Information Center. Evaporation Suppression. A Bibliography Dec 73, 483p* WRSIC-73-216, W74-06501 Descriptors: 'Evaporation control, 'Evapotranspir- ation, 'Bibliographies, Irrigation, Monomolecular films, Arid land, Abstracts, Water conservation, Reservoirs, Evaporation, Soil water, Transpiration. Identifiers: OWRR. This report, containing 320 abstracts, is another in a series of planned bibliographies in water re- sources to be produced from the information base comprising SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS (SWRA). At the time of search for this bibliography, the data base had 64,268 ab- stracts covering SWRA through November 1 , 1 973 (Volume 6, Number 21). Author and subject index- es are included. PB-231 269/2 PC E03/MF A01 Oregon Univ., Eugene. Bureau of Governmental Research and Service. Rural Transfer and Modified Landfill. A Com- parison of Cost Indicators for Low Volume Rural Solid Waste Disposal Methods Dec 73, 45p Descriptors: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Rural areas, 'Management planning, Costs, Transportation, Oregon. Identifiers: Sanitary landfills, Lane County(Oregon), Waste transfer stations, EPASW. One of the key considerations in selecting a system of solid waste management is the relative costs of the available alternative systems. This report was prepared in order to provide public offi- cials and solid waste management planners with information upon which they can base estimated costs of operating a rural transfer system as well as a modified landfill system. The suggested esti- mating techniques are compatible and permit com- parison of the estimated costs of these two alter- native management systems. The experience of the Lane County, Oregon Solid Waste Division pro- vided the basis for development of the cost esti- mating techniques outlined in this report. PB-231 391/4 PC E04/MF A01 Transport and Road Research Lab., Crowthorne (England). The Compaction of Soils and Stabilized Bases on Road in East Africa M. P. O'Reilly. 1974, 75p Rept no. TRRL-LR-600 Descriptors: 'Pavement bases, 'Soil compacting, Roads, Soil stabilization, Soil water, Tropical re- gions, Construction, Test methods, Sands, Clay soils, Gravel, Porosity, Africa, Great Britain, Subsa- haran Africa. Identifiers: GBRRL. As part of a study of aspects of normal road-build- ing practice in tropical countries, the states of com- paction achieved in road bases and earthworks were investigated at ten road construction schemes in East Africa. In addition, where possi- ble, controlled compaction trials were carried out. The most significant conclusion from the investiga- tion is that the states of compaction achieved in the field correspond quite closely with those ob- tained in full-scale compaction tests carried out at the Transport and Road Research Laboratory. The study showed that the states of compaction com- monly specified for tropical roads can be attained under normal working condition. (Modified author abstract) PB-231 485/4 PC E03/MF A01 Texas Water Development Board, Austin. Systems Engineering Div. Techniques for Identifying and Evaluating Market and Non-Market Benefits and Costs of Water Resource Systems Completion rept. Milton L. Holloway. Jun 73, 24* OWRR-C- 3352(3738)(1) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3738 Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Systems analysis, 'Water economy, Water management, Benefit cost analysis, Allocations, Socioeconomic condi- tions, Economic development, Policies, Mathemat- ical models, Demand(Economics), Simulation, Re- gional planning, Environments, Whitney Lake, Lewisville Lake, Belton Lake, Texas. Identifiers: Aquatic environments, Water demand, OWRR. The research project was designed to provide a set of analytical tools for water resource planners and decision-makers to assist them in measuring and evaluating the market and non-market bene- fits and costs of water resource systems. The techniques are designed to be sufficiently flexible to analyze all types of water development and management policies. The report describes: (1) the techniques developed to measure the eco- nomic, environmental, and social impacts of water policy alternatives, and (2) the application of these techniques to a test case of three existing reser- voirs to determine the method's efficacy. The anal- yses are conducted in three major areas: econom- ic, environmental, and social. (Modified author ab- stract) PB-232 292/3 PC E07/MF A01 Housing Assistance Council, Inc., Washington, D.C. An Analysis of Alternative Methods of Rural Home Repair Final rept. Gordon Cavanaugh. 29 Jun 73, 175p HUD-PDR- 431 Descriptors: 'Rural occupied housing units, 'Resi- dential alterations and repairs. Methodology, De- mography, Feasibility, Financing, Rehabilitation, Federal programs, Legislation, Income level, Sub- sidies, Models, Recommendations. Identifiers: 'Alternatives. An analysis is made of home repair alternatives which are understandable only within a context of the housing conditions and the prevailing re- sources in rural America. Various recommenda- tions were made with respect to new institutions, changes, and reforms for the report. PB-232 307/9 PC E03/MF A01 NAHB Research Foundation, Inc., Rockville, Md. Small Sewage Treatment Systems. Experience and Cost Data in 61 Subdivisions in 12 States 1959, 48p Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment. Contents: Policy; Costs; legislation; aesthetic con- siderations; what is sewage treatment; degree of treatment needed; stage construction for flexibility; operation and maintenance; successful sewerage installations; and incorporating sewage collection and treatment in the subdivision plan. PB-234 503/1 PC E04/MF A01 National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Building Research Advisory Board. Roofing in Developing Countries. Research for New Technologies 1974, 85p Contract AID/csd-2584 Library of Congress Catalog Card no. 73-10037 Descriptors: 'Roofing, 'Developing countries, Roofs, Housing shortages, Binders(Materials), Plastics, Cellular plastic, Sulfur, Plant fibers, Wood wastes, Reinforced concrete, Clays, Fibers, Ther- moplastic resins, Reinforcing materials, Composite materials, Cements, Asphalts, Iron, Agricultural wastes, Cost analysis. Identifiers: Ferrocement. 76 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES More than 80 developing countries suffer from an acute housing shortage, principally because of the ever-increasing need for new housing created by expanding populations and the periodic large- scale loss of housing from natural disasters. The report presents the committee's conclusions and recommendations concerning areas of research and kinds of materials indicating significant poten- tial for the development of new roofing technol- ogies that could provide early solution to the partic- ular problems of developing countries. Ten appen- dices address various technical aspects of poten- tial new roofing technologies. PB-234 536/1 PC A05/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab. Interfuel Substitution in the Consumption of Energy in the United States. Part I: Residential and Commercial Sector Martin L. Bauqhman, Paul L. Joskow, and Frederick S. Zerhoot. 25 May 74, 97p* Rept no. MIT-EL-74-002 Grant NSF-GI-391 50 Descriptors: "Fuel consumption, Economic models, Electric power demand, Econometrics, Economic analysis, Mathematical models, Natural gas, Fuel oil, Prices, Cost comparison, Rates(Costs), Residential buildings, Substitutes, Heating fuels, United States. Identifiers: Energy policy, * Interfuel competition. A conceptual model used for fuel choice decisions is given and empirical results presented for appli- ance choices in the residential sector for four se- lected appliances and for the fuel-split of aggre- » gate energy consumption among three fuels. De- terminants of total energy demand in the residen- tial and commercial sectors are covered along with a simple flow adjustment model. Estimated rela- tionships are used to make projections to 1 980 for alternative price scenarios. PB-235 410/8 PC A05/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Food Science in Developing Countries: A Se- lection of Unsolved Problems 1974, 92p* Contract AID/csd-2584 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 74-1 602. Descriptors: "Human nutrition, 'Food, 'Develop- ing countries, New technology, Resources, Pre- serving, Processing, Storage, Food composition, Food deterioration, Problem solving. The report presents a collection of selected prob- lems in the fields of food science and nutrition which are of immediate concern to developing countries. Each problem is organized under the fol- lowing headings: Problem description; background information; possible approaches to a solution; special requirements; bibliography; and key contact(s). PB-235 575/8 PC A07/MF A01 Oklahoma Cooperative Fishery Unit, Stillwater. Paunch Manure as a Feed Supplement in Chan- nel Catfish Farming Environmental protection technology series Robert C. Summerfelt, and S. C. Yin. May 74, 129p EPA-600/2-74-046 Grant EPA-R-800746 Paper copy available from GPO $1.60 as EP- 1.23:660/2-74-046. Descriptors: 'Catfishes, 'Aquaculture, 'Water pol- lution, Feeding stuffs, Agricultural wastes, Beef cattle, Water quality, Animal nutrition, Diets, Food processing, Ponds. Identifiers: Water pollution effects(Animals), Paunch manure, Slaughtering house wastes. Part A of the report examines the feasibility of using dried paunch at 10, 20, and 30% levels in feed for pond-rearing yearling channel catfish to market-size, and at a 1 0% level for cage-culture of yearling catfish. Part B describes the effects of fish culture, using standard feeds and paunch-contain- ing feeds, on water quality of fish ponds. In all, one physical, one bacteriological, and fifteen chemical parameters were measured. Regardless of feed type, pond-reared fish grew faster than the cage- reared fish. There was no significant difference in final weights attained by fish given standard, and 10 and 20% paunch feeds but fish given 30% paunch were significantly smaller. Neither the pond culture nor the cage culture caused deterio- ration in water quality in any of the ponds to any appreciable degree in one growing season of 24 weeks. (Modified author abstract) PB-235 801/8 PC E02/MF A01 Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, Calif. Some Woods of Hawaii...Properties and Uses of 16 Commercial Species Forest Service general technical rept. (Final) Roger G. Skolmen. 1974, 34p Rept no. FSGTR- PSW-8 Descriptors: 'Wood, 'Wood products, 'Hawaii, Eucalyptus wood, Ash wood, Redwood, Mechani- cal properties, Woodworking, Shrinkage, Durabil- ity. Information is given for 1 6 Hawaii-grown species, both native and introduced, of present or potential commerical importance. Descriptive notes include tree characteristics, history, size, and growth rates; the timber volume available in Hawaii; and accessi- bility for logging. Wood properties, including ap- pearance, weight, shrinkage, strength, workability, seasoning, durability, and finishing, are explained with reference to well-known woods, and present and potential uses are described. An appendix in- cludes technical data. Each species is illustrated in color. PB-236 285/3 PC A03/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Office of International Affairs. Special Report on Techniques of Aided Self- Help Housing. Some Examples of U.S. and Overseas Experience Ervan Bueneman. Nov 73, 29p Descriptors: 'Self help housing, 'Developing countries, Houses, Construction, Projects, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Tanzania, Trinidad. In some developing countries, helping families build their own homes became the basis of nation- al housing policy long after the departure of the experts who first introduced and developed the concept. Organized aided self-help housing pro- grams are considered a way by which many fami- lies could obtain decent housing through their own efforts at a relatively small capital expenditure. The report describes selected experiences in Puerto Rico, Trinidad/Tobago, Guatemala, Tanzania, and selected U.S. areas. PB-236 391/9 PC A05/MF A01 PADCO, Inc., Washington, D.C. Guidelines for Establishing and Administering Land Development Agencies in the Developing Countries Ideas and methods exchange Alfred P. Van Huyck, and Milton Kaplan. Aug 73, 76p IME-69 Contract HUD-H-1899 Sponsored in part by Agency for International De- velopment Washington, D.C. Descriptors: 'Land development, 'Developing countries, 'Services, Urban areas, Urban planning, Public administration, Reviews, Recommenda- tions, Management guidelines. Identifiers: 'Government agencies. The report examines the crisis in urban land from the perspective of one instrument available to the public sector - the Land Development Agency - through which the public interest can be represent- ed in the urban land market. It is not intended to be an exhaustive study of world experience, but rather a basic review of the key issues of concern and the preparation of recommendations and guidelines for the establishment and administration of Land Development Agencies. Its purpose is to stimulate interested persons to undertake further studies leading to the improvement of land development agencies in the developing countries. PB-236 978/3 PC A02/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Office of International Affairs. HUD International Country Reports. Panama 1971, 15p Rept no. HUD-168-SF See also PB-236 979. Descriptors: 'Housing studies, 'Urban develop- ment, 'Panama, Developing countries, Urban con- struction, Economic conditions, Construction in- dustry, Construction materials, International trade, Foreign market surveys, Foreign investments. Identifiers: 'International country reports. The report presents information on various as- pects of housing and urban development in Panama. The information was developed from the analysis of foreign documents, team visits, docu- ment exchanges under bilateral agreements and from informal contacts. Each study describes ge- ography, climate, population, the government system, some economic data, and housing and urban development activity, including financial in- stitutions. PB-236 980/9 PC A02/MF A01 Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C. Office of International Affairs. HUD international Country Reports. Peru 1971, 18p Rept no. HUD-275-IA See also PB-236 981. Descriptors: 'Housing studies, 'Urban develop- ment, 'Peru, Developing countries, Urban con- struction, Economic conditions, Construction in- dustry, Construction materials, International trade, Foreign market surveys, Foreign investments. Identifiers: 'International country reports. The report presents information on various as- pects of housing and urban development in Peru. The information was developed from the analysis of foreign documents, team visits, and document exchanges under bilateral agreements and from informal contacts. Each study describes geogra- phy, climate, population, the government system, some economic data, and housing and urban de- velopment activity, including financial institutions. PB-237 069/0 PC A02/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Center for Water Resources Research. Arid Basin Management Model with Concur- rent Quality and Flow Constraints. Phase I Project rept. no. 24 Richard L. Bateman, Alfred B. Cunningham, and Jerome A. Westphal. Jan 74, 22p OWRT-C- 41 90(9031 )(1) Contract DI-14-31-0001-9031 Descriptors: 'Water quality management, 'Water supply, 'Irrigation, 'Nevada, 'Arid land, Water re- sources, Drainage, Irrigation pipes, Floods, Trees(Plants), Mathematical models, Time series analysis, Stream flow, Evaluation. Identifiers: Water quality, Dendrochronology, Water quality data, Flood irrigation. The report presents the development of an inor- ganic water quality-flow management model in which both water supply and quality criteria are considered for formulation of operating rules. Truckee-Carson system of northwest Nevada is being used as a prototype. Evaluation of flow and quality data show that the Carson system is gener- ally amenable to application of the type of inorgan- ic quality-simulation model previously developed on the Tahoe-Truckee portion of the Truckee- Carson system. Preliminary predictive relations of the type utilized in the quality simulation model are developed for several sites within Carson system. Problems encountered in development of sound predictive relations in river reaches where inten- sive irrigated agriculture is practiced are dis- cussed. PB-237 338/9 PC A03/MF A01 Nevada Univ., Reno. Desert Research Inst. 77 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES Desert Research Institute, Annual Report, 1970-1971 1971, 39p OWRT-A-999-NEV(3) Descriptors: *Water resources, *Water manage- ment, 'Water economy, Allocations, Project plan- ning, Research projects, Water supply, Grants, Water quality, Hydrogeology, Nucleation, Ex- penses, Universities, Nevada, Arid land. The report presents highlights of selected investi- gations underway during fiscal year 1971. The Center for Water Resources Research is one of five research groups at the Desert Research Insti- tute. Nevada's water problems are chiefly in the areas of development and management of the state's limited water resources. These and closely related problem areas received emphasis in the program of the Center for Water Resources Re- search. PB-238 103/6 PC A08/MF A01 National Center for Energy Management and Power, Philadelphia, Pa. Technology for the Conversion of Solar Energy to Fuel Gas Annual rept. 31 Jan 74, 153p NSF/RANN/SE/GI34991/ PR73/4, NSF/RA/N-74-153 Grant NSF-GI-29729, NSF-GI-34991 Descriptors: 'Methane, 'Manufactured gas, *Gas production, *Plants(Biology), 'Digestion(Decomposition), Fermentation, News- print, Absorbent papers, Grasses, Garbage, Chlor- ella, Algae, Fertilizers, Wastes, Feeding stuffs, Mud, Agricultural wastes, Effluents, Anaerobic processes, Digesters, Fresh water, Brackish water, Sea water, Production rate, Alkalinity, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, Carbon, Solar energy, Chemical analysis, Photosynthesis, Biodeteriora- tion. Identifiers: *Solar energy conversion. The formation of methane by biological conversion of a number of organic materials has been exam- ined. The materials exposed to the anaerobic fer- mentation process included paper, grass, house- hold garbage, fresh water algae, water hyacinth, seaweed, cattle manure, dry manure, dry dog food. These materials have been examined separately and in various combinations. During operation of the digester, the amount and composition (meth- ane and carbon dioxide) of the gases produced by the fermentation were determined and extensive chemical analyses of the composition of the liquid contents of the digesters were carried out. Similar chemical analyses of the various materials fed to the digester were carried out as well as analyses of the sea water used in several of the studies. PB-238 591/2 PC A02/MF A01 Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Cooperative Ex- tension Service. Guidelines for Land Disposal of Feedlot Lagoon Water Research rept. William L. Powers, Russell L. Herpich, Larry S. Murphy, David A. Whitney, and Harold L. Manges. 1974, 9p OWRT-A-046-KAN(2) Contract DI-14-31-0001-3516 Descriptors: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Agricul- tural wastes, Irrigation, Waste water, Lagoons(Ponds), Nutrients, Salts, Water quality, Inorganic nitrates, Inorganic phosphates, Kansas, Farms. Identifiers: 'Feedlot wastes, Water quality data. Guidelines are provided for feedlot operators who dispose of lagoon, water on agricultural lands. The design of lagoon, pumps, and irrigation systems are not discussed. Because lagoon water contains such plant nutrients as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, its application on agricultural land, in correct amounts, can increase crop yields. Howev- er, because it also contains salts of sodium, cal- cium, and magnesium, too much lagoon water can pollute the soil. The salt accumulation from lagoon water is most likely to occur in dry areas where pre- cipitation is not adequate to leach the salts down- ward below the root zone. Guidelines on how to dispose of such lagoon water to minimize the chance of reducing the land's productivity are given. The guidelines are based on present irriga- tion-water-quality standards and on data collected from various feedlots in Kansas. PB-238 849/4 PCA11/MFA01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. African Agricultural Research Capabilities 1974, 240p* Rept no. ISBN-0-309-0224-X Contract AID/csd-2584 Descriptors: 'Agriculture, 'Research projects, 'Developing countries, 'Africa, Research needs, Education, Soils, Agronomy, Land use, Farm crops, Agricultural economics, Manpower, Water management, Grains(Food), Vegetables, Live- stock. The study focuses on the question of how agricul- tural science and specifically agricultural research can contribute most effectively to the progress of the African nations and peoples. It covers the fol- lowing topics: (1) Agricultural and educational pri- orities; (2) role of non-African agencies in coordi- nation of agricultural research and education; (3) appropriate channels of communication and coop- eration among nations and institutions within and outside of Africa; (4) means by which research and education can be applied most effectively to Afri- can agricultural development; and (5) a broad as- sessment of the scientific manpower needs of the research systems and institutions recommended by the NAS Committee. PB-238 917/9 PC A21/MF A01 International Road Federation, Washington, D.C. 1974 World Survey of Current Research and Development on Roads and Road Transport Dec 74, 497p* Contract DOT-FH-1 1-7656, CPR-1 1-2665 Sponsored in part by contract DOT-FH-1 1-6744. Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Highway transportation, 'Highway planning, Research, Reviews, Bibliogra- phies, Bridges(Structures), Foreign countries, Ob- jectives, Organizations, Recommendations, Con- struction materials, Roads, Project planning, De- veloping countries, Civil engineering, Tunnels. The tenth in a series of annual reports on research and development projects conducted by govern- mental, academic and commercial research agen- cies in 72 countries is reported by surveyors of the International Road Federation and the Internation- al Road Research Documentation program of the OECD. The report includes listings of 4,668 pro- jects, classified in accordance with the subject area classification of the Transportation Research Board, which includes these listings in their retriev- al system. PB-239 230/6 PC A04/MF A01 New Mexico State Univ., University Park. Water Resources Research Inst. Water Resources Evaluation of the Southern High Plains of New Mexico Technical completion rept. Robert R. Lansford, Willem Brutsaert, Bobby J. Creel, Adan Flores, and Walter Loo. Jul 74, 68p WRRI-044, OWRT-B-037-NMEX(1) Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Economic devel- opment, 'New Mexico, Hydrogeology, Mathemat- ical models, Ground water, Water quality, Econom- ic models, Water management, Linear program- ming, Population growth, Employment. Identifiers: Water demand, Water requirements. An interdisciplinary approach to the solution of the water resource problems of the Southern High Plains in New Mexico was made possible by the integration of hydrology and geology with econom- ics. Research procedures developed to carry out this study were closely coordinated by the investi- gators to achieve the primary objective of evalua- tion of the social and economic impacts of alterna- tive water-use policies. A linear programming model was developed to represent the Southern High Plains economy. Inputs into the model were obtained from separate studies covering the hy- drological, agricultural, municipal, and industrial areas. PB-239 465/8 PC A16/MF A01 Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, Mass. An Overview of Alternative Energy Sources for LDCs 7 Aug 74, 372p* Rept no. ADL-C-77105 Contract AID/ta/C-1089 Descriptors: 'Electric power generation, 'Energy supplies, 'Developing countries, Energy sources, Tidal power generation, Geothermal power plants, Geothermal prospecting, Wastes, Methyl alcohol, Coal gasification, Wind power generation, Solar energy conversion, Solar heating, Solar power generation, Nuclear electric power generation, Steam electric power generation, Bangladesh, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ghana, India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Pakistan, Brazil, Korea, Niger, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Underde- veloped nations, International trade. Energy con- sumption, Fuel consumption, Electric power demand, Forecasting, Predictions, Economic de- velopment. Identifiers: Energy resources. The report presents an overview of alternative energy sources of types which could be of signifi- cant value to lesser-developed countries in adjust- ing to the impact of sharply higher world market prices of petroleum. It presents a highly con- densed review of non-conventional energy tech- nologies, together with some limited commentary on the relevance of the more conventional tech- nologies in new lesser-developed country (LDC) economic settings. It also provides a summary on a country-by-country basis of the current economic posture and energy resources array in fifteen LDCs selected as being broadly representative- geographically and in terms of petroleum-price im- pacts-of the quite wide range of situations that need to be considered. PB-239 472/4 PC A08/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation. More Water for Arid Lands, Promising Technol- ogies and Research Opportunities 1974, 161p Contract AID/csd-2584 Descriptors: 'Water supply, 'Water conservation, 'Arid land, Agriculture, Irrigation, Waste water reuse, Surface water runoff, Water wells, Remote sensing, Water loss, Soil water, Evapotranspira- tion, Salt water. Percolation, Controlled atmos- pheres. Little known but promising technologies for the use and conservation of scarce water supplies in arid areas are the subject of this report. Not a technical handbook, it aims to draw the attention of agricul- tural and community officials and researchers to opportunities for development projects with prob- able high social value. Each technology is present- ed in a separate chapter and arranged under the following topics: methods, advantages, limitations, stage of development, needed research and de- velopment, selected readings (a short list of re- views and general articles) and contacts (a list of individuals or organizations the panelists know to be involved in relevant research). PB-239 493/0 PC A12/MF A01 Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Dayton Lab. Development of Low-Cost Roofing From Indig- enous Materials in Developing Nations Annual rept. no. 1 , May 73-May 74 G. L. Ill Ball, Robert A. Cass, J. P. R. Falconer, D. C. Royse, and Ival O. Salyer. 30 Jul 74, 274p Rept no. MRC-DA-440 Contract AID/CM/ta-C-73-12 Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo. Descriptors: 'Roofing, 'Developing countries, 'Construction materials, Feasibility, Research, Natural fibers, Fillers, Substitutes, Low cost hous- ing, Project planning, Africa, Asia, Latin America, Reviews. Identifiers: 'Indigenous materials. The report covers the first year of a 1973-1976 re- search effort to use indigenous fibers and fillers 78 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES with low-cost binders to produce improved roofing for developing countries. The ultimate goal of the development program is to make available in at least three countnes, one each in Africa, Asia and Latin America, a roofing system which is an eco- nomically and technically acceptable alternative to the extensively used corrugated galvanized iron, a material which has undesirably high foreign ex- change costs, insufficient use of indigenous mate- rials and manpower, and poor thermal insulation and durability. Phase 1 goals are summarized, and a work plan for Phase 2 is given. PB-239 875/8 PC A06/MF A01 Maryland Univ., College Park. Bureau of Business and Economic Research. Effects of Economic Development Upon Water Resources (An Interindustry Approach to Mod- eling Economic-Environmental Systems) Technical rept. John H. Cumberland, and Bruce N. Stram. 1 974, 111p TR-18, OWRT-B-007-MD(1) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -3089 Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Management plan- ning, 'Water resources, *Air pollution, 'Economic development, Economic models, Mathematical models Statistical methods, Classifications, Sources, Residues, Waste disposal, Economic analysis. Identifiers: 'Water pollution abatement, Environ- mental models, 'Environmental management, For- mats. A theoretical model is presented of interrelation- ships between economic and environmental models useful for water management, together with basic data on 130 types of pollutants from 70 different industries. The purpose is to get good data and analytic methods needed to improve en- vironmental management. The first step has been to devise a materials balance accounting structure to provide a format for emissions. The collected and internally developed data have been used to create a simple two-stage model of the emissions process. High priority in environmental research appears appropriate for the evaluation of damage functions associated with various reported emis- sions levels. Integration of this additional informa- tion with the data on hand should lead to the im- provement desired in environmental management. PB-240 113/1 PC A04/MF A01 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Water Resources Research Inst. Animal Waste Conversion Systems Based on Thermal Discharge L Boersma, E. W. R. Barlow, J. R. Miner, and H. K. Phinney. Sep 74, 58p OWRT-B-039-ORE(1) Contract DI-1 4-31 -0001 -41 21 Also available as Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment Station. Special rept. no. 416. Descriptors: 'Agricultural wastes, 'Manufactured gas, Heat recovery, 'Solid waste disposal, Feeding stuffs, Algae, Cooling water, Electric power plants, Methane, Byproducts, Digestion(Decomposition), Digesters, Anaerobic processes. identifiers: 'Waste heat utilization, 'High protein supplements, 'Manure. Society faces many problems related to its growth in numbers and standard of living. Of major con- cern is environmental degradation resulting from pollution and the consumptive use of non-renew- able natural resources. An animal waste manage- ment scheme was developed on the premise that one solution to these problems is the development of integrated production systems with recycled sources. The waste product of one industry must become the raw material for another. The feasibil- ity of using waste heat from steam electric plants to sustain a food-producing complex which recy- cles nutrients is analyzed. Specifically, it is pro- posed to use microorganisms to convert animal waste into a high protein animal feed and a meth- ane-rich fuel gas. Waste heat from steam electric plants is used as a low cost source of energy for maintaining stable, elevated temperatures in an- aerobic digestion and single cell protein production units. Benefits to society include: improved effi- ciency of energy use and food production, recy- cling of raw materials, and conservation of non-re- newable resources. PB-240 244/4 PC A03/MF A01 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. An International Centre for Manatee Research: Report of a Workshop held 7-13 February 1974 In Georgetown, Guyana, South America 1974, 39p* Contract AID/csd-2584 Descriptors: 'Weed control, 'Aquatic animals, 'Meetings, Mammals, Ecology, Research, Biology, Guyana, Developing countries, Tropical regions. Identifiers: 'Aquatic weed control, 'Biological weed control, 'Manatee, Trichechus. A workshop was held in Georgetown, Guyana Feb- ruary 7-13, 1974 to discuss the potential usage of the manatee as a natural means of aquatic weed control as well as of the great advantages, apart from its utilitarian potential, that may be derived through basic biological research endeavors. The report outlines the various fields of research which need to be undertaken if the manatee is to be brought into effective use and the establishment of an International Centre for Research on Manatees has been recommended. PB-240 299/8 PC A03/MF A01 Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricul- tural Engineering. Optimal Allocation of Water Quality Controls in Urbanizing River Basins Wynn R. Walker, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, and Thomas L. Huntzinger. 21-26 Oct 73, 28p OWRT-B-083-COLO(7) Paper presented at the American Water Re- sources Conference (9th) Held in Seattle, Wash- ington on 21 -26 Oct 73. Descriptors: 'Water quality management, 'Urban- ization, 'River basin development, 'Utah Lake, Irri- gation, Potable water, Utah, Arid land, Govern- ment policies, Mathematical models, Optimization, Land use. Urbanizing river basins in the west are encounter- ing serious water quality degradation resulting from the expanded water utilization. In order to avoid aggravating such conditions, water quality controls need to be implemented. The important questions are, therefore, where and how to impose such constraints on the urban and agricultural sec- tors to achieve the desired level of pollution con- trol. An application of the model developed to ad- dress such questions is made in the Utah Lake drainage area of Central Utah as a test of the model's utility. The region is subdivided into five major sub-basins containing both municipal and agricultural water demands. A submodel of each subbasin is developed which optimizes the water quality control strategies by linking the urban to the agricultural uses and then evaluating the levels of control for each sector. From these results, a cost- effectiveness function for each sub-basin is gener- ated. By jointly considering the cost-effectiveness relationship for each sub-basin, an optimum policy for the entire basin is determined. PB-240 365/7 PC A07/MF A01 Humboldt County Dept. of Public Works, Eureka, Calif. Rural Storage and Collection Container Sys- tems Final rept. Bartle Wells. 1975, 126p EPA/530/SW-81d Grant PHS-EC-00271 Prepared in cooperation with Bartle Wells Asso- ciates, San Francisco, Calif., and Garretson, El- mendorf, Zinor, and Reibin, San Francisco, Calif. Report on Humboldt County Solid Waste Demon- stration Project. See also PB-212 398. Descriptors: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Refuse dis- posal, 'Containers, 'Collection, 'Rural areas, Storage, Management planning, Cost analysis, Trucks, Earth fills, Hauling, Compacting, Financ- ing, California. Identifiers: Waste transfer stations, Sanitary land- fills, 'Humboldt County(California). This report describes the development and financ- ing of a county solid waste collection system for rural areas. The objective of the system was to substitute an environmentally sound method of solid waste disposal for the unsound practice of using small, random, burning dumps. The report shows that this can be accomplished. It presents a detail description of the storage and collection containers used, the construction of the container sites, and an economic analysis of the advan- tages/disadvantages of the use of small and large containers. The report also presents a comprehen- sive analysis of the development of the County fi- nancial plan. PB-240 695/7 PC A03/MF A01 Bureau of Mines, Spokane, Wash. Spokane Mining Research Center. Engineering Properties of Fiber-Reinforced and Polymer-Impregnated Shotcrete Rept. of investigations 1 975 M. E. Poad, M. O. Serbousek, and J. Goris. Jan 75, 31 p Rept no. BuMines-RI-8001 Descriptors: 'Shotcrete, 'Polymers, Steel, Fibers, Reinforcement(Structures), Compressive strength, Tensile properties, Flexural strength, Mining engi- neering, Underground supporting, Underground mining. Identifiers: Fiber reinforced concretes, Ferroce- ment, Concrete polymer composites. Structural properties of steel fibrous shotcrete and polymer-impregnated shotcrete, both plain and fi- brous, were investigated. Flexural strengths can be increased to 106 percent and splitting tensile strengths 50 percent by introducing randomly ori- ented steel fibers. Polymer-impregnated shotcrete exhibited a threefold to fourfold increase in com- pressive and splitting tensile strength. Physical properties include compressive and splitting ten- sile strengths, tangent and secant moduli, stress- strain curves, and flexural strengths for control and fibrous shotcrete are reported. This investigation concerns new and improved methods of using concrete as an underground support in mines. PB-241 055/3 PC E03/MF A01 National Center for Energy Management and Power, Philadelphia, Pa. Technology for the Conversion of Solar Energy to Fuel Gas Quarterly rept. no. 3. 31 Oct 73, 145 NSF/RANN/SE/GI34991/PR/ 73/3, NSF/RA/N-73-113 Grant NSF-GI-29729, NSF/GI-34991 See also PB-238 545. Descriptors: 'Methane, 'Organic wastes, 'Manu- factured gas, 'Digestion(Decomposition), Digest- ers, Equipment, Design, Drawings, Performance evaluation, Plants(Botany), Agricultural wastes. Development of methods for the economic pro- duction of methane gas by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter is discussed. The organic matter is derived from the conversion of solar energy to plant material via photosynthesis. An initial source of feed material is available in the form of organic solid wastes, the by-products of food, feed and wood production. The conversion of waste materi- als to fuel gas via anaerobic digestion represents a potential solution not only to the energy problem, but simultaneously to the solid wastes problem. PB-241 120/5 PC A17/MF A01 Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacks- burg. Center for Urban and Regional Studies. Urban Systems Research: Report of the Bina- tional (U.S./ Australian) Urban Systems Sympo- sium (1st) Final rept. John W. Dickey, and Roy W. R. Muncey. Apr 75, 398p* NSF/DS-74/01 Prepared in cooperation with Commonwealth Sci- entific and Industrial Research Organization, Victo- ria (Australia). Div. of Building Research, and De- partment of Science, Canberra (Australia). Descriptors: 'Urban planning, 'Urban develop- ment, 'Meetings, Land use, Urban growth, Devel- 79 SELECTED APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES oping countries, Community development, Citizen participation, United States, Australia. In June, 1974 the First Binational (U.S./Australian) Symposium on Urban Systems Research was held in Washington, D.C. There was 29 presentations made by experts from the two countries. These covered such areas as (1 ) land use models (Lowry- type, NBER, PLUM, EMPIRIC, the Direct Trip Allo- cation Model, System Dynamics), (2) growth allo- cation techniques, (3) growth management, (4) the experience of practitioners with models, (5) urban problems and practices in developing countries, (6) the United Nations' Habitat 76 Program, (7) or- ganizing government, (8) community involvement, (9) gaming, (10) land use law, and (11) national growth policies. It was concluded from the sympo- sium that much more work needs to be done in urban modeling, especially because of rapid changes in uncontrollable, external factors. PB-242 025/5 PC A12/MF A01 Utah Water Research Lab., Logan. Water Resources Planning, Social Goals, and Indicators: Methodological Development and Empirical Test Final rept. 31 Dec 74, 267p* PRWG-131-1, OWRT-C- 4330(9049)(1) Descriptors: 'Water resources, 'Social goals, 'Economic development, Mathematical models, Social welfare, Federal policies, Decision making, Management information systems, Conservation, Recreation, Esthetics, Attitudes, Field tests, New Mexico. Identifiers: Social indicators. A methodology for comprehensive evaluation of water resources development and use (TECH- COM) has been developed and partially field tested. A model of three societal goals consists of nine primary goals successively articulated into in- creasingly specific subgoals. Achievement of sub- goals is perceived as affected by measurable social indicators whose values are perturbed by water resources actions. Linking the elements of the goal taxon by connectives results in an evalua- tion system. Historical, political and philosophical considerations of the proposed system are dis- cussed in Part I. Part II describes the results of the Rio Grande of New Mexico test including public perception and weighing of the subgoals and goals, and development of specific connectives. Future values of 128 social indicators for five action plans for four five-year intervals to 1 987 are estimated using a computerized system based on an inversion of an input-output model interacting with social and environmental indicator connec- tives. PB-242 300/2 PC A08/MF A01 Rocketdyne, Canoga Park, Calif. Urban Water Development and Management in Arid Environments. Volume I: Completion Report Walter Unterberg, Anthony L. Midnling, John A. Dracup, Jonathan W. Bulkey, and Gary L. Widman. 31 Mar 75, 169p* R-9625-1, OWRT-C- 1734(3395)(1) Contract DI-14-31-0001-3393, DI-1 4-31 -0001- 9000 See also PB-242 301. Descriptors: 'Water management, 'Urban plan- ning, 'Arid land, 'Semiarid fand, Water resources, Decision making, Mathematical models, Political objectives, Water law, Interviews, Management games, Gaming models, Computers programming, Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah. Identifiers: Las Vegas(Nevada), Oxnard(California), Salt Lake City(Utah), San Bernardino(California), San Diego(California), Tucson(Arizona), Carson City(Nevada), Goleta County(California), Alamogordo(New Mexico). In Phase I (Project C-1734), an appraisal was made of urban water development and manage- ment in arid and semiarid environments by means of case studies of key historic water decisions in six cities. In each city alternative solutions to water resource problems and organizations and factors that affected the decisions were identified and re- searched through interviews. These data were inputs to a Political Interaction Simulation comput- er program (PISP), which was used to model the decision-making processes. The results of the case studies led to guidelines that were applied during Phase II in three arid and semiarid cities having to make key water decisions in the near future. This included the use of PISP as a predic- tive decision-making tool, validated by election re- sults, and the development of a Gaming Simula- tion tool entitled The Water Game', as a strategic arid urban water resources planning tool. Portions of this document are not fully legible. PB-242 301/0 PC A07/MF A01 Rocketdyne, Canoga Park, Calif. Urban Water Development and Management In Arid Environments. Volume II: The Water Game-Gaming Simulation for Urban Water Re- sources Planning Walter Unterberg, John A. Dracup, William J. Trott, and Michael E. Mulvihill. 31 Mar 75, 145p* R-9625-2, OWRT-C-1 734(3395)0) Contract DI-14-31-0001-3393, DI-14-31-0001- 9000 See also Volume 1 , PB-242 300. Descriptors: 'Water management, 'Urban plan- ning, 'Arid land, 'Semiarid (and, Water resources, Decision making, Mathematical models, Political objectives, Water law, Computerized simulation, FORTRAN, Management games, Computer pro- grams, Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah. Identifiers: Las Vegas(Nevada), Oxnard(California), Salt Lake City(Utah), San Bernardino(California), San Diego(California), Tucson(Arizona), Carson City(Nevada), Goleta County(California), Alamogordo(New Mexico), FORTRAN 4 programming language. Volume 2 deals with the generation and practice of The Water Game, a Gaming Simulation for Urban Water Resources Planning. Part 1 , 'Game Descrip- tion' deals with the development and detailed fea- tures of The Water Game. It includes the docu- mentation and listing of the digital computer pro- gram that forms part of the gaming simulation. Part 2 constitutes the 'Players' Manual,' which is the actual document used by the participants during the playing of the game. PB-242 405/9 PC A03/MF A01 Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Proceedings of the M.I.T. Symposium on Strat- egies for A.I.D. Programs in Selected Areas of Science and Technology. Volume 4. Food Technology J. P. Ruina. Apr 74, 31 p Contract AID/ta-1 067 Report on Technology Adaptation Program. See also Volume 3, PB-242 404. Descriptors: 'Technology utilization, 'Food indus- try, 'Meetings, Developing countries, Nutrition, Technology transfer, Fermentation, Feeding stuffs, Econometrics, Proteins, Nutritional deficien- cy diseases. Identifiers: Single cell proteins, Malnutrition. The subject matter involves the processing, pres- ervation and manufacture of foods. In the context of technology transfer from industrialized countries to low-income countries one might formulate two basic objectives: The first is to increase food supply, or more accurately, the supply of certain nutrients to populations. A second objective is the combatting of malnutrition. PB-242 973/6 PC A02/MF A01 North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minn. How Craftsmen and Home Hobbyists Can Make and Use Wood Plastic Composite Materi- als Forest service general technical rept. (Final) Howard N. Rosen. Jan 74, 13p* Rept no. FSGTR-NC-10 Descriptors: 'Wood based composites, 'Plastics, 'Handicrafts, Gluing, Woodworking, Impregnating, Wood processing industry, Curing, Equipment, Wood finishing, Safety, Machining, Workshops, Ef- ficiency. Identifiers: Hobbyists! A technique for producing craft items of wood- plastic composites in the home, school, or small shop is described. Suggestions are given on how to build the treating equipment for under $30. Wood impregnation, processing techniques, gluing, finishing, and safety are discussed. The ease and versatility of producing crafts from wood- plastic composites are demonstrated by example projects. PB-243 409/0 PC A03/MF A01 Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo. Center for the Bi- ology of Natural Systems. Agricultural Resources Consumed in Beef Pro- duction William Lockeretz. Jun 75, 48p* Rept no. CBNS- AE-3 Grant NSF-GI-043890 Descriptors: 'Beef, 'Irrigation, 'Fertilizers, 'Feed- ing stuffs, Farm crops, Water supply, Production, Food consumption, Natural resources, Arid land, Forage grasses, Proteins, Food supply, Wheat plants, Soybean plants, Correlation techniques. The consumption of energy, fertilizer, water, and cropland has been calculated for nine different beef production systems. These systems vary with respect to region, type of pasture and cropland, and feeding program. Among the nine systems, there is a considerable range of resource i