Cu>\.Zo:ho^<L 
 
 South Carolina 
 Exports 
 
 
 
 'i^ In 
 
 
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 v/0 m 
 
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 ^2^^ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 
 ^^^^^ International Trade Administration 
 
 An ,TA Washington, D.C. 20230 
 
 Publication AugUSt 1984 
 
EXPORTS... 
 
 . . . their importance to 
 the United States economy 
 
 Exports play an important role in our economy 
 and in the increasingly interdependent world econ- 
 omy. The United States is the world's largest 
 exporter— currently selling $200 billion of U.S. 
 goods abroad — and is the world's largest economy. 
 With 5 percent of the world's population, our coun- 
 try produces 24 percent of the world's industrial 
 goods. 
 
 Exporting provides a broader marketing base for 
 U.S. firms and is considerably more important than 
 many Americans realize. Exports currently account 
 for 5 million jobs in the United States. On average, 
 25,000 jobs are generated per $1 billion of U.S. 
 merchandise exports. 
 
 Many jobs depend on exports 
 
 Employment generated by exports is much great- 
 er than the number actually employed in producing 
 the final products shipped abroad. Exports create a 
 large demand for employment that spreads throughout 
 our economy. This includes all the jobs needed to 
 produce goods and services supplied to export pro- 
 ducers, the jobs needed by the export producers to 
 produce exports, and the jobs needed to move prod- 
 ucts to our ports or borders for transport to other 
 countries. 
 
 Most of the export-related jobs are in manufactur- 
 ing and services. According to the latest estimates, 
 49 percent of the jobs are in manufacturing, 37 
 percent in services, and 14 percent in production of 
 nonmanufactured goods. The importance of export 
 employment varies among the industries. About one 
 out of every eight Americans currently employed in 
 manufacturing is dependent on exports of manufac- 
 tured goods. About one out of every six jobs produc- 
 ing nonmanufactured goods and one out of 24 jobs 
 in services are export-related. 
 
 Exports affect production and employment in all 
 industries, not just in a few major export industries. 
 For example, while the primary metals industries 
 directly export about $6 billion of their products 
 annually, an additional $21 billion of steel and 
 other metals are exported in the form of American- 
 made computers, aircraft, tractors, and other man- 
 ufactured goods. 
 
 Exports are of great importance to America's farm- 
 ers as well. They account for $1 of every $4 of farm 
 sales. Likewise, many jobs in the coal mining and 
 mineral industries, as well as a considerable number 
 in the fishing industry, are dependent on overseas 
 
 sales. Exports also support employment in the truck- 
 ing, rail transport, insurance, and other service 
 industries. 
 
 Exports essential 
 
 But the basic importance of exports is that they 
 are the principal means by which America pays for 
 its purchases from foreign countries. The United 
 States imports proportionately far less than other 
 major countries, but imports have become increas- 
 ingly important to the American standard of living — 
 and they have to be paid for. The other major indus- 
 trial nations generally cover the cost of the goods 
 they import by their exports. Merchandise exports 
 and imports each account for an average of about 20 
 percent of the gross national product in that group 
 of countries. American exports, however, were only 
 5.9 percent of GNP in 1983, while the ratio of imports 
 to GNP stood at 7.8 percent. This gap between 
 exports and imports is the trade deficit, which 
 amounted to $57.6 billion in 1983. 
 
 The strength of our exports means a great deal to 
 America. Exports are important to all the 50 states, 
 and each state plays a significant role in meeting the 
 need to export more. This report helps explain that 
 role and shows the significance of exports in rela- 
 tion to employment and production. 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Inside 
 
 front Importance of Exports to U.S. Economy 
 cover 
 
 1 South Carolina's Export Highlights 
 
 2 Explanatory Notes 
 
 3 Table 1 - South Carolina's Manufactured 
 
 Exports, Production, and Employment, 
 1981 
 
 4 Table 2 - Growth in South Carolina's 
 
 Manufactured Exports 
 
 5 Table 3 - U.S. Manufactured Exports by 
 
 State 
 6, 7 Map - U.S. Manufactured Exports by State 
 
 8 Table 4 - South Carolina's Agricultural Exports 
 
 9 Table 5 - U.S. Agricultural Exports by 
 
 State 
 
 10 Table 6 - South Carolina's Manufactured 
 
 Production, Export-Related Manufactures 
 and Employment, 1981 
 
 1 1 Table 7 - Growth in South Carolina's Export- 
 
 Related Manufactures 
 
 12 Table 8 - Export-Related Manufactures 
 
 and Employment by State 
 Inside Chart - Exports of U.S. Manufacturing 
 back Industries Related to Domestic 
 cover Production 
 
SouthCarolina 
 
 Export 
 
 Highlights 
 
 South Carolina's exports of manufactured goods totaled $2.2 billion in 1981, almost 
 double their value in 1977. They rose much faster than production. The state ranked third 
 nationally in exports of textile mill products. 
 
 An estimated 21,500 jobs in South Carolina were directly related to producing 
 manufactured exports. About 24,200 additional jobs were required to produce materials 
 and parts for incorporation in products exported from the 50 states. Thus, 45,700 jobs 
 in South Carolina were dependent on exports of manufactured goods — about one of every 
 eight manufacturing jobs in the state. 
 
 Manufactured exports soared 
 
 South Carolina's exports of manufactures totaled 
 $2.2 billion in 1981, an increase of 94 percent since 
 1977. The state moved up from the nation's 24th 
 largest exporter of manufactured goods to 23rd in 
 1981 and accounted for 1.4 percent of the U.S. total. 
 The value of South Carolina's exports grew twice as 
 fast as the state's manufactures shipments during 
 1977-1981. 
 
 The state's largest exports were chemicals and 
 allied products, textile mill products, nonelectric 
 machinery, and paper. In 1981 these four commodi- 
 ties accounted for three-fourths of the state's for- 
 eign sales. Rubber and plastics products and elec- 
 tric and electronic equipment were also major exports 
 from the state. 
 
 Foreign sales of the chemicals and allied products 
 industry totaled $757 million in 1981, nearly 3 times 
 larger than in 1977. Export growth accounted for 26 
 percent of the rise in the industry's output. The 
 percent share of production was 15.8 percent in 
 1981. These sales provided an estimated 4,500 jobs 
 in the latter year. 
 
 Exports of textile mill products were valued at 
 $408 million in 1981 and generated 5,000 jobs. South 
 Carolina was the third largest U.S. exporter of these 
 goods. Manmade fiber textiles accounted for much 
 of the industry's foreign sales. Cotton textiles were 
 also exported in sizable amounts. 
 
 Nonelectric machinery shipments to foreign des- 
 tinations grew 24 percent from 1977 to reach $286 
 million in 1981. About $1 out of every $8 produced 
 by the industry was accounted for by exports. About 
 3,400 jobs were dependent on these foreign sales as 
 compared to 3,800 in 1977. 
 
 The paper industry shipped $204 million of prod- 
 ucts overseas in 1981, up 75 percent from the value 
 in 1977. Foreign sales grew faster than the indus- 
 try's output, which increased by 60 percent from 
 1977 to 1981. Exports accounted for 11 percent of 
 the state's production in the latter year, and provid- 
 ed employment for 800 workers. 
 
 The Census Bureau has estimated that the full 
 impact of U.S. exports on South Carolina's manu- 
 facturing activity was 15.0 percent rather than the 
 8.0 percent attributable to direct export as shown in 
 table 3. Estimates including supporting shipments 
 of materials and parts for incorporation in products 
 exported from 50 states are shown in tables 6 to 8. 
 Thus, of the expanded manufacturing output gen- 
 erated between 1977 and 1981, 23 percent — or $1 
 out of every $4 — was due to export related shipments. 
 
 Farm exports rose 
 
 South Carolina's share of U.S. agricultural exports 
 in FY 1982, including some manufactures of farm 
 origin, totaled $407 million, up 30 percent from the 
 FY 1977 level. Unmanufactured tobacco continued 
 as the state's leading export crop. Valued at $137 
 million in FY 1982, these shipments caused the 
 state to rank third in the nation as an exporter of 
 tabacco. Other farm commodities exported from 
 South Carolina in considerable quantities were soy- 
 beans, wheat, feed grains, and cotton. 
 
 The sharp growth in export of agricultural prod- 
 ucts from FY 1977 to FY 1982 accounted for 30 
 percent of the rise in farm sales and added substan- 
 tially to the income of South Carolina farmers. In 
 this period, the export contribution to each dollar of 
 the state's farm sales was 36 cents. 
 
 (continued on back cover) 
 
 U. S. Ospository Copy 
 
Explanatory 
 Notes 
 
 State export statistics presented in this report are esti- 
 mates, in contrast to national export statistics, which are 
 compiled from export documents prepared at the time 
 goods leave the country. This note considers the reasons 
 for, and consequences of, that difference. 
 
 Export estimates for each state are needed in order to 
 measure the relative impact throughout our nation of 
 changes in goods sold abroad. National export data are 
 compiled each month in detail by types of goods sold and 
 summarized in large commodity aggregates and overall 
 totals — but in order to measure exports by each state of 
 origin, which is not identified in shippers' export docu- 
 ments, special studies are necessary. 
 
 This report — one in a series of reports for each state — 
 brings together state export estimates from studies by 
 various U.S. Government agencies on manufactured goods, 
 agricultural products, fishery products, and selected miner- 
 als. Overall totals for all goods exported from each state 
 are not shown since these studies differ in methodology, 
 frequency, export valuation, and U.S. geographic cover- 
 age, and the manufactures and agricultural studies some- 
 what overlap the products covered. 
 
 Manufactured Exports in this report relate to manufac- 
 tures as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification 
 (SIC) and include manufactured food, mineral fuel prod- 
 ucts, fats, oils, firearms, and ammunition not typically 
 part of the Standard International Trade Classification 
 (SITC) definition of manufactures. For the United States 
 as a whole, exports of these additional products totaled 
 $28.5 billion in 1981. Exports, normally valued at the port 
 of exportation, are adjusted to f.o.b. plant values to make 
 accurate comparisons with production (shipments) data. 
 
 The state estimates for manufactured goods are based 
 on surveys of manufacturers conducted by the Industry 
 Division of the Bureau of the Census. These studies are 
 for selected years; cover the continental United States, 
 Alaska, and Hawaii; and present data classified by the 20 
 major SIC industry groups (2-digit). Tables 1 to 3 show 
 
 the value of state exports and state production, and the 
 number of workers employed in manufacturing plants 
 producing the finished goods for direct shipment to for- 
 eign destinations. 
 
 State economies also benefit from manufactured goods 
 produced for ultimate export through other states, and 
 from jobs related to manufactured exports which are gen- 
 erated in nonmanufacturing industries. In the table below, 
 percentages show the full impact of export-related 
 manufactures on state employment. Tables 6 to 8 show 
 the percent of production and the value of state export- 
 related manufactures — direct exports plus indirect exports 
 or the value of materials and parts incorporated in prod- 
 ucts exported from elsewhere in the nation — and the number 
 of state export-related workers employed in manufactur- 
 ing plants producing these goods. Table 8 also shows the 
 total number of workers related to manufactured exports — 
 in manufacturing plus the number in nonmanufacturing 
 industries supporting manufactured exports by supplying 
 materials or services such as forwarding, warehousing, 
 transport, and other foreign trade-related services. 
 
 Agricultural Exports relate to food products other than 
 those from marine sources, unmanufactured tobacco, and 
 other agricultural products simply processed such as fibers, 
 raw hides and skins, fats and oils, wine and beverages 
 other than distilled types. 
 
 The state estimates for agricultural exports are from 
 studies prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 
 Exports reflect shares in national exports according to 
 each state's production and sales data. Export values were 
 obtained by multiplying each state's share of farm pro- 
 duction by commodity times the total export value for 
 each of the respective commodities. These annual studies 
 are for fiscal years ending September 30 and for all states 
 except Alaska, and show data classified by 18 commodity 
 groups. Tables 4 and 5 show the value of state exports and 
 the percent of farm sales. 
 
 Other Exports — Fishery products, various minerals, and 
 fuel export estimates shown in the Highlights on page 1 
 for selected states are from studies prepared by the National 
 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the 
 U.S. Department of Interior, and the U.S. Department of 
 Energy, respectively. Exports generally reflect shares in 
 national exports according to state production. 
 
 Annual Exports and Employment Related to Manufactured Exports 
 
 
 Manufactured exports 
 
 Manufacturing 
 
 employment 
 
 Total employment, including 
 nonmanufacturing employment 
 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Percent of 
 
 manufacturing 
 
 employment 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Percent of 
 
 civilian 
 employment 
 
 South Carolina * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1976 
 
 935 
 
 35.2 
 
 9.5 
 
 52.3 
 
 4.4 
 
 1977 
 
 1,150 
 
 36.7 
 
 9.8 
 
 54.6 
 
 4.4 
 
 1980 
 
 2,247 
 
 50.4 
 
 12.8 
 
 80.9 
 
 6.0 
 
 1981 
 
 2,230 
 
 45.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 76.4 
 
 5.5 
 
 United States 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1976 
 
 83,098 
 
 2,125.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 3,452.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 1977 
 
 85,796 
 
 1,990.2 
 
 10.2 
 
 3,258.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 1980 
 
 151,216 
 
 2,639.3 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,808.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 1981 
 
 164,283 
 
 2,603.8 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,794.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 ♦South Carolina's export-related manufactures were as follows in million dollars: 1976, 1,816; 1977, 2,117; 1980, 4,077; and 1981, 
 4,194. About 23 percent of the Increase in South Carolina's manufacturing production from 1977 to 1981 was generated by growrth In 
 export-related manufactures. 
 
TABLE 1 
 
 South Carolina Manufactured 
 Exports, Production, and 
 Employment, 1981 
 
 South Carolina's leading manufactured 
 exports were chemicals, textiles and 
 nonelectric machinery. 
 
 These three industries accounted for 
 65 percent of South Carolina's total 
 exports of manufactures. 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 Production 
 
 (million 
 
 Estimated 
 exports 
 
 dollars) 
 
 Exports as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Estimated 
 
 employment 
 
 related to 
 
 exports 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Employment 
 
 related to 
 
 exports as 
 
 percent of 
 
 total 
 
 employment 
 
 Total ' 
 
 27,878 
 
 2,230 
 
 8.0 
 
 21.5 
 
 5.5 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 4,778 
 
 757 
 
 15.8 
 
 4.5 
 
 13.7 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 8,167 
 
 408 
 
 5.0 
 
 5.0 
 
 4.0 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 2,283 
 
 286 
 
 12.5 
 
 3.4 
 
 11.3 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 1,771 
 
 204 
 
 11.5 
 
 0.8 
 
 6.6 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 1,468 
 
 163 
 
 11.1 
 
 1.9 
 
 9.2 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 1,182 
 
 126 
 
 10.7 
 
 2.2 
 
 11.1 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 1,199 
 
 89 
 
 7.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 10.8 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 1,007 
 
 30 
 
 3.0 
 
 0.1 
 
 1.3 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 1,469 
 
 25 
 
 1.7 
 
 0.1 
 
 0.2 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 1,500 
 
 23 
 
 1.5 
 
 {') 
 
 ~ 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 745 
 
 23 
 
 3.0 
 
 0.2 
 
 2.0 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 1,025 
 
 21 
 
 2.1 
 
 0.2 
 
 1.4 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 253 
 
 19 
 
 7.4 
 
 0.4 
 
 8.0 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 242 
 
 14 
 
 5.7 
 
 0.2 
 
 4.1 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 173 
 
 4 
 
 2.0 
 
 0.1 
 
 2.2 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 342 
 
 1 
 
 0.4 
 
 (') 
 
 '■- . 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 V) 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 n 
 
 -■' 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 n 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 Petroleum and coal products " 
 
 49 
 
 (') 
 
 0.4 
 
 (') 
 
 ~ 
 
 ' Total includes estimated exports, production values, and employment numbers which are withheld for certain industry groups to 
 
 avoid disclosure of individualcompanies' data. 
 
 ' Less than 50 employees. " Less than $500,000. " 1980. ~ Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 2 
 
 South Carolina Growth 
 in Manufactured 
 Exports 
 
 • In 1981, South Carolina's manufactured 
 exports totaled $2.2 billion, almost 
 double the 1977 value. 
 
 • Two-thirds the increase stemmed from 
 growth in chemicals, textile products, 
 and rubber products exports. 
 
 
 
 E 
 (mi 
 
 xport value 
 illion dollars) 
 
 
 
 Percent increase 
 from 1977 to 1981 
 
 Export 
 increase as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 1960 
 
 1969 
 
 1972 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 Exports 
 
 Pro- 
 duction 
 
 increase 
 1977-81 
 
 Total 
 
 113 
 
 254 
 
 312 
 
 1,150 
 
 2,230 
 
 94 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 17 
 
 52 
 
 71 
 
 265 
 
 757 
 
 185 
 
 64 
 
 26 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 52 
 
 50-100 
 
 (') 
 
 276 
 
 408 
 
 48 
 
 26 
 
 8 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 9 
 
 22 
 
 60 
 
 231 
 
 286 
 
 24 
 
 58 
 
 7 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 D 
 
 46 
 
 64 
 
 117 
 
 204 
 
 75 
 
 60 
 
 13 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 n 
 
 5-10 
 
 D 
 
 45 
 
 163 
 
 263 
 
 110 
 
 15 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 V) 
 
 12 
 
 15 
 
 58 
 
 126 
 
 118 
 
 64 
 
 15 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 89 
 
 289 
 
 75 
 
 13 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 V) 
 
 1-5 
 
 n 
 
 32 
 
 30 
 
 -5 
 
 130 
 
 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 3 
 
 5-10 
 
 V) 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 15 
 
 49 
 
 1 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 3 
 
 5-10 
 
 n 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 D 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 215 
 
 36 
 
 8 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 3 
 
 10-25 
 
 D 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 -12 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 n 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 19 
 
 146 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 V) 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 14 
 
 138 
 
 89 
 
 7 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 V) 
 
 0-1 
 
 V) 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 133 
 
 35 
 
 4 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 n 
 
 0-1 
 
 n 
 
 {') 
 
 1 
 
 250 
 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 n 
 
 0-1 
 
 V) 
 
 n 
 
 (',') 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 2 
 
 1-5 
 
 n 
 
 13" 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 n 
 
 1-5 
 
 n 
 
 7" 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ' Not available. ' Less than $500,000. M980. "1976. - Not applicable. 
 
 Note: Totals for all years include values for industry groups v\/hich are not shovi^n separately. 
 
TABLE 3 
 
 United States 
 Manufactured Exports 
 by State 
 
 California, Texas, Illinois, Ohio, and 
 Michigan continued to be the top five 
 exporters of manufactures in 1981. 
 
 Manufactured exports totaled $2 billion 
 or more for almost half of the 50 states. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Employment 
 
 
 
 
 Export 
 
 value 
 
 
 Percent 
 
 Estimated 
 
 related to 
 
 
 
 
 (million 
 
 dollars) 
 
 
 increase 
 
 exports as 
 
 exports as 
 
 
 Rank as 
 
 
 
 
 
 from 
 
 percent of 
 
 percent of 
 
 
 exporter 
 
 
 
 
 
 1977 to 
 
 state 
 
 slate 
 
 state 
 
 in 1981 
 
 1969 
 
 1972 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 1981 
 
 production 
 
 employment 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 — 
 
 29,210 
 
 36,608 
 
 85,796 
 
 164,283 
 
 91 
 
 8.1 
 
 7.3 
 
 California 
 
 1 
 
 2,721 
 
 2,809 
 
 9,116 
 
 18,775 
 
 106 
 
 9.8 
 
 9.7 
 
 Texas 
 
 2 
 
 1,468 
 
 1,982 
 
 5,386 
 
 11,687 
 
 117 
 
 6.5 
 
 7.2 
 
 Illinois 
 
 3 
 
 2,343 
 
 2,902 
 
 6,313 
 
 10,369 
 
 64 
 
 8.2 
 
 6.9 
 
 Ohio 
 
 4 
 
 2,338 
 
 3,054 
 
 6,028 
 
 10,353 
 
 72 
 
 8.5 
 
 7.9 
 
 Michigan 
 
 5 
 
 2,613 
 
 3,522 
 
 6,937 
 
 10,275 
 
 48 
 
 9.8 
 
 7.6 
 
 New York 
 
 6 
 
 2,296 
 
 2,795 
 
 5,833 
 
 10,155 
 
 74 
 
 8.5 
 
 6.5 
 
 Washington 
 
 7 
 
 954 
 
 1,781 
 
 2,805 
 
 9,023 
 
 222 
 
 24.5 
 
 21.9 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 8 
 
 1,902 
 
 2,351 
 
 AJAA 
 
 8,129 
 
 72 
 
 7.1 
 
 6.9 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 9 
 
 818 
 
 920 
 
 2,310 
 
 5,096 
 
 121 
 
 10.6 
 
 8.6 
 
 Indiana 
 
 10 
 
 998 
 
 1,404 
 
 2,942 
 
 5,008 
 
 70 
 
 7.1 
 
 7.0 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 11 
 
 739 
 
 705 
 
 2,291 
 
 4,682 
 
 104 
 
 7.5 
 
 5.0 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 12 
 
 1,114 
 
 1,328 
 
 2,881 
 
 4,469 
 
 55 
 
 6.1 
 
 5.8 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 13 
 
 785 
 
 916 
 
 2,132 
 
 4,031 
 
 89 
 
 7.4 
 
 7.4 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 14 
 
 396 
 
 541 
 
 1,494 
 
 3,725 
 
 149 
 
 6.4 
 
 6.6 
 
 Florida 
 
 15 
 
 426 
 
 567 
 
 1,583 
 
 3,352 
 
 112 
 
 9.1 
 
 6.6 
 
 Virginia 
 
 16 
 
 581 
 
 716 
 
 1,573 
 
 3,344 
 
 113 
 
 9.3 
 
 6.7 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 17 
 
 472 
 
 679 
 
 1,501 
 
 3,285 
 
 119 
 
 8.0 
 
 5.6 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 18 
 
 659 
 
 848 
 
 1,662 
 
 3,083 
 
 85 
 
 10.2 
 
 8.2 
 
 Missouri 
 
 19 
 
 634 
 
 577 
 
 1,682 
 
 3,013 
 
 79 
 
 7.3 
 
 6.2 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 20 
 
 492 
 
 654 
 
 1,605 
 
 2,730 
 
 70 
 
 7.7 
 
 7.1 
 
 Iowa 
 
 21 
 
 412 
 
 590 
 
 1,578 
 
 2,705 
 
 71 
 
 8.1 
 
 8.2 
 
 Georgia 
 
 22 
 
 428 
 
 580 
 
 1,419 
 
 2,505 
 
 76 
 
 5.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 23 
 
 254 
 
 312 
 
 1,150 
 
 2,230 
 
 94 
 
 8.0 
 
 5.5 
 
 Alabama 
 
 24 
 
 318 
 
 287 
 
 895 
 
 1,936 
 
 116 
 
 6.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 25 
 
 345 
 
 451 
 
 1,354 
 
 1,935 
 
 43 
 
 6.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 Oregon 
 
 26 
 
 240 
 
 237 
 
 906 
 
 1,724 
 
 90 
 
 9.2 
 
 9.0 
 
 Arizona 
 
 27 
 
 157 
 
 266 
 
 680 
 
 1,639 
 
 141 
 
 13.1 
 
 15.4 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 28 
 
 204 
 
 320 
 
 626 
 
 1,604 
 
 156 
 
 8.7 
 
 6.1 
 
 Kansas 
 
 29 
 
 241 
 
 283 
 
 689 
 
 1,517 
 
 120 
 
 5.7 
 
 7.6 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 30 
 
 158 
 
 252 
 
 639 
 
 1,515 
 
 137 
 
 6.0 
 
 7.3 
 
 Colorado 
 
 31 
 
 157 
 
 245 
 
 668 
 
 1,283 
 
 92 
 
 7.5 
 
 8.6 
 
 Maryland 
 
 32 
 
 362 
 
 314 
 
 634 
 
 1,219 
 
 92 
 
 5.7 
 
 5.3 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 33 
 
 235 
 
 295 
 
 438 
 
 1,199 
 
 174 
 
 10.0 
 
 6.1 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 34 
 
 181 
 
 236 
 
 718 
 
 1,159 
 
 61 
 
 5.9 
 
 4.6 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 134 
 
 328 
 
 945 
 
 188 
 
 6.1 
 
 6.3 
 
 Alaska 
 
 36 
 
 33-48 
 
 V) 
 
 374 
 
 653 
 
 75 
 
 33.4 
 
 32.5 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 37 
 
 74 
 
 103 
 
 290 
 
 637 
 
 120 
 
 8.8 
 
 8.9 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 38 
 
 110 
 
 107 
 
 297 
 
 586 
 
 98 
 
 7.7 
 
 6.8 
 
 Maine 
 
 39 
 
 77 
 
 83 
 
 232 
 
 498 
 
 114 
 
 5.5 
 
 5.6 
 
 Idaho 
 
 40 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
 246 
 
 460 
 
 87 
 
 9.2 
 
 6.8 
 
 Utah 
 
 41 
 
 48 
 
 127 
 
 173 
 
 449 
 
 159 
 
 4.6 
 
 5.8 
 
 Delaware 
 
 42 
 
 124 
 
 128 
 
 155 
 
 375 
 
 142 
 
 4.1 
 
 3.7 
 
 Vermont 
 
 43 
 
 52 
 
 52 
 
 183 
 
 229 
 
 25 
 
 6.3 
 
 6.0 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 44 
 
 13 
 
 V) 
 
 95 
 
 185 
 
 96 
 
 6.3 
 
 4.5 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 
 14 
 
 73 
 
 156 
 
 114 
 
 6.6 
 
 7.9 
 
 Nevada 
 
 46 
 
 10-25 
 
 7 
 
 31 
 
 105 
 
 238 
 
 6.8 
 
 5.1 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 47 
 
 10-25 
 
 V) 
 
 26 
 
 96 
 
 265 
 
 2.7 
 
 2.3 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 48 
 
 16 
 
 18 
 
 37 
 
 64 
 
 73 
 
 2.0 
 
 0.9 
 
 Montana 
 
 49 
 
 14 
 
 V) 
 
 59 
 
 61 
 
 4 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 50 
 
 1-5 
 
 V) 
 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 192 
 
 0.6 
 
 ~ 
 
 ' U.S. total includes values withheld to avoid disclosure for individual companies or because estimate did not meet publication 
 standards. - Not applicable. 
 
U.S. Manufactured 
 Exports by State 
 
 All 50 states shared in 
 
 U.S. exports of manufactures. 
 
 Exports accounted for varying 
 percentages of domestic 
 production 
 
 Estimated Value of Exports 
 of Manufactures, 1981 
 
 (in millions of dollars) 
 
 18,775 
 
 o 
 
 0) 
 
 9) 
 
 " 1,000 
 
 3 
 T3 
 (0 
 
 500 
 100 
 
 
Estimated Exports as Percent 
 
 of Production, 1981 
 
 (Indicated by shading) 
 
 0.6% to 4.9% 
 5.0% to 6.4% 
 6.5% to 9.9% 
 10% or more 
 
 (in millions of dollars) 
 12,000 
 10,000 
 
 (0 
 
 u 
 
 V) 
 
 T3 
 
 a> 
 
 3 
 
 ■a 
 
 (0 
 
 O 
 
U.S. Manufactured 
 Exports by State 
 
 All 50 states shared in 
 
 U.S. exports of manufactures. 
 
 Exports accounted for varying 
 percentages of domestic 
 production 
 
 Estimated Value of Exports 
 of Manufactures, 1981 
 
U.S. Manufactured 
 Exports by State 
 
 All 50 states shared in 
 
 U.S. exports of manufactures. 
 
 Exports accounted for varying 
 percentages of domestic 
 production 
 
 Estimated Value of Exports 
 of Manufactures, 1981 
 
 (in millions of dollars) 
 12.000,- 
 10.000 
 
 16,775 
 
 Estimated Exports as Percent 
 
 of Production, 1981 
 
 (Indicated by shading) 
 
 0.6% to 4.9% 
 
 5.0% to 6.4% 
 
 6.5% to 9.9% [ j 
 
 10% or more ^I^H 
 
 (in millions of dollars) 
 12,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 500 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 t 
 
 A 
 
 500 
 
TABLE 4 
 
 South Carolina 
 Agricultural Exports' 
 
 In fiscal 1982, South Carolina's share 
 of U.S. agricultural exports totaled 
 $407 million, almost one and a third 
 times the 1977 value. 
 
 Tobacco and soybeans were the leading 
 farm exports from the state. 
 
 
 
 Estimated exports 
 (million dollars) 
 
 
 Percent 
 increase 
 
 Product 
 
 FY 1968 
 
 FY 1972 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 1977 to 
 1982 
 
 Total 
 
 107 
 
 135 
 
 312 
 
 407 
 
 30 
 
 Tobacco, unmanufactured 
 
 53 
 
 56 
 
 95 
 
 137 
 
 45 
 
 Soybeans and products 
 
 19 
 
 39 
 
 96 
 
 131 
 
 37 
 
 Wheat and products 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 43 
 
 735 
 
 Feed grains and products 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 42 
 
 32 
 
 -26 
 
 Cotton 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 Poultry and products 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 103 
 
 Fruits and preparations 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 23 
 
 Meats and products 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 61 
 
 Vegetables and preparations 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 59 
 
 Fats, oils, and greases 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 Hides and skins 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 38 
 
 Peanuts and products 
 
 (') 
 
 n 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 118 
 
 Cottonseed and products 
 
 n 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 -4 
 
 Nuts and preparations 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 
 V) 
 
 V) 
 
 300 
 
 Dairy products 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 V) 
 
 — 
 
 Other products 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 -83 
 
 * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. 
 ' Less than $500,000. ^ Not available. -- Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 5 
 
 United States 
 Agricultural Exports' 
 by State 
 
 Exports accounted for over one fourth 
 of total U.S. farm sales in FY 1982 and 
 for more than 25 percent of sales from 
 20 of the states. 
 
 Illinois, Iowa, California, and Texas 
 each exported more than $2 billion of 
 farm products. 
 
 
 
 
 Export value 
 
 
 Percent 
 
 
 
 
 
 (million 
 
 dollars) 
 
 
 increase 
 
 Exports as 
 
 
 Rank as 
 
 
 
 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 percent of 
 
 
 exporter 
 
 
 
 
 
 to 
 
 farm sales' 
 
 state 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1968 
 
 FY 1972 
 
 FY 1977 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 FY 1982 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 — 
 
 ^6,315 
 
 8,050 
 
 24,013 
 
 *39,094 
 
 63 
 
 27.5 
 
 Illinois 
 
 1 
 
 585 
 
 758 
 
 2,539 
 
 3,306 
 
 30 
 
 43.3 
 
 Iowa 
 
 2 
 
 392 
 
 620 
 
 2,042 
 
 3,026 
 
 48 
 
 28.9 
 
 California 
 
 3 
 
 413 
 
 592 
 
 1,774 
 
 2,854 
 
 61 
 
 20.6 
 
 Texas 
 
 4 
 
 551 
 
 456 
 
 1,761 
 
 2,569 
 
 46 
 
 25.4 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 5 
 
 226 
 
 347 
 
 918 
 
 1,883 
 
 105 
 
 29.4 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 6 
 
 230 
 
 283 
 
 988 
 
 1,808 
 
 83 
 
 26.4 
 
 Kansas 
 
 7 
 
 296 
 
 365 
 
 998 
 
 1,628 
 
 63 
 
 29.3 
 
 Indiana 
 
 S 
 
 252 
 
 384 
 
 1,319 
 
 1,559 
 
 18 
 
 36.6 
 
 Missouri 
 
 9 
 
 174 
 
 317 
 
 766 
 
 1,404 
 
 83 
 
 34.4 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 10 
 
 166 
 
 250 
 
 554 
 
 1,326 
 
 149 
 
 50.7 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 11 
 
 255 
 
 352 
 
 907 
 
 1,283 
 
 41 
 
 39.2 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 12 
 
 366 
 
 420 
 
 964 
 
 1,247 
 
 29 
 
 29.8 
 
 Ohio 
 
 13 
 
 194 
 
 262 
 
 957 
 
 1,052 
 
 10 
 
 31.6 
 
 Washington 
 
 14 
 
 152 
 
 163 
 
 414 
 
 946 
 
 129 
 
 33.0 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 15 
 
 164 
 
 230 
 
 648 
 
 787 
 
 21 
 
 35.8 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 16 
 
 115 
 
 108 
 
 410 
 
 781 
 
 90 
 
 26.9 
 
 Michigan 
 
 17 
 
 92 
 
 107 
 
 318 
 
 753 
 
 137 
 
 28.2 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 18 
 
 69 
 
 132 
 
 473 
 
 731 
 
 55 
 
 24.7 
 
 Georgia 
 
 19 
 
 132 
 
 173 
 
 476 
 
 706 
 
 48 
 
 21.7 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 20 
 
 95 
 
 124 
 
 210 
 
 655 
 
 212 
 
 23.8 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 21 
 
 155 
 
 191 
 
 543 
 
 626 
 
 15 
 
 37.4 
 
 Colorado 
 
 22 
 
 63 
 
 98 
 
 239 
 
 612 
 
 156 
 
 19.6 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 23 
 
 59 
 
 104 
 
 263 
 
 592 
 
 125 
 
 11.9 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 24 
 
 102 
 
 143 
 
 390 
 
 590 
 
 51 
 
 31.0 
 
 Florida 
 
 25 
 
 101 
 
 148 
 
 390 
 
 586 
 
 50 
 
 14.2 
 
 Montana 
 
 26 
 
 107 
 
 101 
 
 322 
 
 559 
 
 74 
 
 37.9 
 
 Idaho 
 
 27 
 
 66 
 
 91 
 
 262 
 
 551 
 
 110 
 
 24.6 
 
 Alabama 
 
 28 
 
 56 
 
 102 
 
 332 
 
 481 
 
 45 
 
 21.7 
 
 Oregon 
 
 29 
 
 49 
 
 65 
 
 182 
 
 423 
 
 132 
 
 24.1 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 30 
 
 107 
 
 135 
 
 312 
 
 407 
 
 30 
 
 35.6 
 
 Arizona 
 
 31 
 
 61 
 
 70 
 
 285 
 
 404 
 
 42 
 
 23.3 
 
 Virginia 
 
 32 
 
 80 
 
 92 
 
 225 
 
 384 
 
 71 
 
 23.5 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 33 
 
 65 
 
 42 
 
 137 
 
 246 
 
 79 
 
 8.3 
 
 New York 
 
 34 
 
 63 
 
 44 
 
 109 
 
 214 
 
 96 
 
 8.2 
 
 Maryland 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 41 
 
 136 
 
 188 
 
 39 
 
 17.9 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 36 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 82 
 
 121 
 
 48 
 
 13.6 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 16 
 
 38 
 
 95 
 
 154 
 
 15.8 
 
 Utah 
 
 38 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 55 
 
 80 
 
 45 
 
 14.7 
 
 Delaware 
 
 39 
 
 15 
 
 14 
 
 53 
 
 73 
 
 38 
 
 18.5 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 40 
 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 38 
 
 65 
 
 72 
 
 13.9 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 41 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 59 
 
 41 
 
 -30 
 
 8.4 
 
 Maine 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 6.5 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 43 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 105 
 
 7.6 
 
 Nevada 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 22 
 
 118 
 
 10.5 
 
 West Virginia 
 
 45 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 97 
 
 9.5 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 46 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 22 
 
 15 
 
 -32 
 
 4.6 
 
 Vermont 
 
 47 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 138 
 
 1.9 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 89 
 
 3.6 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 49 
 
 (') 
 
 (') 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 3.1 
 
 Alaska 
 
 50 
 
 V) 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 * Exports reflect shares in national exports according to each state's production. ' Commercial sales plus net Commodity 
 Credit Corporation loans and purchases under price support programs. ^ Includes exports that were not apportioned among 
 states. ^ Less than $500,000. " Not available. * Less than $100,000. - Not applicable. 
 
TABLE 6 
 
 South Carolina Manufactured 
 Production, Export-Related 
 Manufactures and 
 Employment, 1981 
 
 About 1 out of 8 South Carolina jobs 
 in manufacturing are due to exports. 
 
 Three industries — textile products, 
 chemicals, and nonelectric 
 machinery — accounted for 61 percent 
 of South Carolina's export-related 
 jobs in manufacturing. 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 Export- 
 related 
 Production manufactures 
 
 (million dollars) 
 
 Export 
 related as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Employment 
 for export- 
 related 
 manufactures 
 
 (thousands) 
 
 Employment 
 for export 
 
 related 
 as percent 
 
 of total 
 employment 
 
 Totar 
 
 27,878 
 
 4,194 
 
 15.0 
 
 45.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 4,778 
 
 1,280 
 
 26.7 
 
 8.2 
 
 25.0 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 8,167 
 
 1,016 
 
 12.4 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.3 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 2,283 
 
 426 
 
 18.6 
 
 5.2 
 
 17.2 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 1,771 
 
 326 
 
 18.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 13.9 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 1,468 
 
 252 
 
 17.1 
 
 3.1 
 
 14.9 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 1,182 
 
 195 
 
 16.5 
 
 3.4 
 
 17.1 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 1,007 
 
 185 
 
 18.3 
 
 1.3 
 
 17.3 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 1,199 
 
 153 
 
 12.7 
 
 2.4 
 
 16.2 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 1,025 
 
 91 
 
 8.9 
 
 1.2 
 
 8.3 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 745 
 
 69 
 
 9.2 
 
 0.8 
 
 7.8 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 1,500 
 
 54 
 
 3.6 
 
 0.2 
 
 1.6 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 1,469 
 
 48 
 
 3.2 
 
 0.7 
 
 1.4 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 253 
 
 27 
 
 10.8 
 
 0.6 
 
 11.9 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 242 
 
 17 
 
 6.9 
 
 0.3 
 
 6.1 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 ' 342 
 
 6 
 
 1.8 
 
 0.1 
 
 1.1 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 173 
 
 5 
 
 2.8 
 
 0.1 
 
 2.2 
 
 Petroleum and coal products^ 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 4.9 
 
 e) 
 
 n 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 V) 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 n 
 
 — 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 V) 
 
 C) 
 
 
 V) 
 
 
 Total includes estimated production and export-related values, and employnnent numbers which are withheld for certain industry 
 groups to avoid disclosure of Individual companies' data. ^ 1980. ' Less than 50 employees. " Less than one half of one percent. 
 -- Not applicable. 
 
 10 
 
TABLE 7 
 
 SouthCarolina Growth 
 in Export-Related 
 Manufactures 
 
 • The 98 percent growth in the value 
 of export-related manufactures from 
 1977 to 1981 was much faster than 
 the rate of expansion in production. 
 
 • Over two-fifths of the increase in 
 chemicals production and almost one- 
 fourth of the rise in textiles output 
 was generated by growth in export- 
 related manufactures. 
 
 
 Export-related 
 (million 
 
 manufactures 
 dollars) 
 
 Percent Increase 
 from 1977 to 1981 
 
 Export-related 
 Increase as 
 percent of 
 production 
 
 Industry 
 group 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 Export 
 related 
 
 Pro- 
 duction 
 
 increase 
 1977-81 
 
 Total 
 
 2117 
 
 4,194 
 
 98 
 
 48 
 
 23 
 
 Chemicals and allied products 
 
 482 
 
 1,280 
 
 166 
 
 64 
 
 43 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 628 
 
 1,016 
 
 62 
 
 26 
 
 23 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 303 
 
 426 
 
 40 
 
 58 
 
 15 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 172 
 
 326 
 
 90 
 
 60 
 
 23 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 82 
 
 252 
 
 207 
 
 110 
 
 22 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 97 
 
 195 
 
 101 
 
 64 
 
 21 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 87 
 
 185 
 
 113 
 
 130 
 
 17 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 58 
 
 153 
 
 162 
 
 75 
 
 18 
 
 Lumber and wood products 
 
 61 
 
 91 
 
 49 
 
 30 
 
 13 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 30 
 
 69 
 
 126 
 
 36 
 
 20 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 34 
 
 54 
 
 60 
 
 29 
 
 6 
 
 Apparel and textile products 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 
 33 
 
 49 
 
 2 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 14 
 
 27 
 
 96 
 
 26 
 
 25 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 127 
 
 89 
 
 8 
 
 Printing and publishing 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 170 
 
 81 
 
 3 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 108 
 
 35 
 
 6 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 n 
 
 2' 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 143 
 
 n 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 10=» 
 
 V) 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 — 
 
 ' Not available. ' 1980. ^ 1976. ~ Not applicable. 
 
 Note: Totals include values for industry groups which are not shown separately. 
 
 11 
 
TABLE 8 
 
 United States Export- 
 Related Manufactures and 
 Employment by State 
 
 California, New York, Texas, 
 Pennsylvania, and Ohio led the states 
 with the largest number of jobs related 
 to manufactured exports. 
 
 Employment rates were highest in 
 Connecticut, Washington, Ohio, and 
 Delaware for jobs in all industries 
 related to manufactured exports. 
 
 
 
 
 Export-related 
 
 manufactures 
 
 
 Employment 
 for export 
 
 Total em| 
 
 relat( 
 
 manufactui 
 
 aloyment 
 3d to 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ed exports 
 
 
 Rank as 
 export 
 
 1977 
 
 1981 
 
 Percent 
 increase 
 
 Percent 
 of state 
 
 related as 
 percent of 
 
 
 
 
 
 Percent of 
 
 
 related 
 
 
 
 from 1977 
 
 production 
 
 manufacturing 
 
 
 civilian 
 
 state 
 
 in 1981 
 
 (million 
 
 dollars) 
 
 to 1981 
 
 1981 
 
 employment 
 
 (ttiousands) 
 
 employment 
 
 U.S., total 
 
 .. 
 
 142,404 
 
 271,703 
 
 91 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.8 
 
 4,794.0 
 
 4.7 
 
 California 
 
 1 
 
 13,319 
 
 27,399 
 
 106 
 
 14.2 
 
 14.5 
 
 526.5 
 
 4.7 
 
 Texas 
 
 2 
 
 9,196 
 
 22,651 
 
 146 
 
 12.5 
 
 12.7 
 
 285.5 
 
 4.2 
 
 Ohio 
 
 3 
 
 11,047 
 
 18,132 
 
 64 
 
 14.8 
 
 14.7 
 
 284.0 
 
 6.2 
 
 Illinois 
 
 4 
 
 10,216 
 
 17,039 
 
 67 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.9 
 
 275.4 
 
 5.4 
 
 Michigan 
 
 5 
 
 10,975 
 
 15,512 
 
 41 
 
 14.7 
 
 14.6 
 
 218.9 
 
 5.7 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 6 
 
 8,955 
 
 15,485 
 
 73 
 
 13.4 
 
 13.2 
 
 284.1 
 
 5.5 
 
 New York 
 
 7 
 
 8,894 
 
 15,260 
 
 72 
 
 12.7 
 
 11.4 
 
 372.0 
 
 4.9 
 
 Washington 
 
 8 
 
 3,716 
 
 10,773 
 
 190 
 
 29.2 
 
 26.3 
 
 121.9 
 
 6.5 
 
 Indiana 
 
 9 
 
 5,784 
 
 9,692 
 
 68 
 
 13.7 
 
 13.3 
 
 140.3 
 
 5.8 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 10 
 
 4,880 
 
 8,204 
 
 68 
 
 11.2 
 
 11.9 
 
 175.0 
 
 5.4 
 
 North Carolina 
 
 11 
 
 3,883 
 
 7,808 
 
 101 
 
 12.5 
 
 9.8 
 
 150.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 12 
 
 3,498 
 
 7,425 
 
 112 
 
 15.4 
 
 14.2 
 
 155.1 
 
 5.6 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 13 
 
 2,734 
 
 7,415 
 
 171 
 
 12.8 
 
 11.9 
 
 63.7 
 
 3.6 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 14 
 
 3,607 
 
 6,590 
 
 83 
 
 12.0 
 
 13.0 
 
 114.9 
 
 5.3 
 
 Tennessee 
 
 15 
 
 2,716 
 
 5,567 
 
 105 
 
 13.4 
 
 10.3 
 
 102.5 
 
 5.3 
 
 Virginia 
 
 16 
 
 2,480 
 
 5,163 
 
 108 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.1 
 
 88.3 
 
 3.6 
 
 Georgia 
 Florida 
 
 17 
 
 2,723 
 
 4,981 
 
 83 
 
 10.5 
 
 9.7 
 
 106.1 
 
 4.3 
 
 18 
 
 2,294 
 
 4,965 
 
 116 
 
 13.4 
 
 10.8 
 
 129.9 
 
 3.0 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 19 
 
 2,687 
 
 4,886 
 
 82 
 
 16.2 
 
 14.9 
 
 103.5 
 
 7.1 
 
 Missouri 
 
 20 
 
 2,834 
 
 4,861 
 
 72 
 
 11.7 
 
 11.1 
 
 94.7 
 
 4.3 
 
 South Carolina 
 
 21 
 
 2,117 
 
 4,194 
 
 98 
 
 15.0 
 
 11.7 
 
 76.4 
 
 5.5 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 22 
 
 2,298 
 
 4,135 
 
 80 
 
 11.6 
 
 12.4 
 
 90.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 Alabama 
 
 23 
 
 2,061 
 
 4,024 
 
 95 
 
 13.1 
 
 11.0 
 
 71.1 
 
 4.6 
 
 Iowa 
 
 24 
 
 2,228 
 
 3,940 
 
 77 
 
 11.8 
 
 12.0 
 
 60.0 
 
 4.5 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 25 
 
 2,367 
 
 3,751 
 
 58 
 
 12.3 
 
 10.6 
 
 58.7 
 
 3.9 
 
 Oregon 
 
 26 
 
 1,498 
 
 2,801 
 
 87 
 
 14.8 
 
 14.5 
 
 58.7 
 
 4.7 
 
 Oklahoma 
 
 27 
 
 1,044 
 
 2,752 
 
 164 
 
 10.8 
 
 12.4 
 
 54.5 
 
 4.0 
 
 Kansas 
 
 28 
 
 1,158 
 
 2,678 
 
 131 
 
 10.1 
 
 12.4 
 
 47.2 
 
 4.3 
 
 Arkansas 
 
 29 
 
 1,086 
 
 2,524 
 
 132 
 
 13.6 
 
 10.5 
 
 40.8 
 
 4.3 
 
 Arizona 
 
 30 
 
 1,050 
 
 2,461 
 
 134 
 
 19.7 
 
 20.5 
 
 53.7 
 
 4.4 
 
 West Virginia 
 Maryland 
 
 31 
 
 1,108 
 
 2,361 
 
 113 
 
 19.7 
 
 14.6 
 
 30.7 
 
 4.2 
 
 32 
 
 1,327 
 
 2,348 
 
 77 
 
 11.0 
 
 10.8 
 
 53.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 Mississippi 
 
 33 
 
 1,111 
 
 2,066 
 
 86 
 
 10.4 
 
 8.2 
 
 36.9 
 
 3.7 
 
 Colorado 
 
 34 
 
 976 
 
 1,922 
 
 97 
 
 11.1 
 
 12.7 
 
 49.4 
 
 3.3 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 35 
 
 576 
 
 1,477 
 
 156 
 
 9.5 
 
 10.0 
 
 24.4 
 
 3.3 
 
 Utah 
 
 36 
 
 416 
 
 1,050 
 
 153 
 
 10.6 
 
 10.3 
 
 20.5 
 
 3.3 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 37 
 
 540 
 
 1,018 
 
 88 
 
 13.4 
 
 12.0 
 
 24.9 
 
 5.8 
 
 New Hampshire 
 
 38 
 
 455 
 
 994 
 
 119 
 
 13.6 
 
 14.1 
 
 24.3 
 
 5.5 
 
 Maine 
 
 39 
 
 425 
 
 924 
 
 118 
 
 10.1 
 
 9.9 
 
 20.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 Delaware 
 
 40 
 
 346 
 
 852 
 
 146 
 
 9.4 
 
 13.5 
 
 15.1 
 
 6.1 
 
 Idaho 
 
 41 
 
 381 
 
 740 
 
 94 
 
 14.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 15.4 
 
 3.9 
 
 Alaska 
 
 42 
 
 393 
 
 711 
 
 81 
 
 36.3 
 
 34.1 
 
 6.3 
 
 3.3 
 
 Vermont 
 
 43 
 
 287 
 
 451 
 
 57 
 
 12.3 
 
 11.6 
 
 10.1 
 
 4.0 
 
 Montana 
 
 44 
 
 182 
 
 327 
 
 80 
 
 7.6 
 
 7.5 
 
 7.9 
 
 2.2 
 
 South Dakota 
 
 45 
 
 130 
 
 267 
 
 105 
 
 9.1 
 
 7.9 
 
 8.1 
 
 2.6 
 
 North Dakota 
 
 46 
 
 98 
 
 242 
 
 147 
 
 10.2 
 
 11.1 
 
 7.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 47 
 
 109 
 
 235 
 
 116 
 
 7.2 
 
 4.6 
 
 9.5 
 
 1.7 
 
 Hawaii 
 
 48 
 
 66 
 
 232 
 
 252 
 
 6.3 
 
 4.5 
 
 6.4 
 
 1.5 
 
 Nevada 
 
 49 
 
 70 
 
 205 
 
 192 
 
 13.1 
 
 10.1 
 
 5.4 
 
 1.2 
 
 Wyoming 
 
 50 
 
 43 
 
 180 
 
 320 
 
 5.6 
 
 4.4 
 
 5.1 
 
 2.1 
 
 12 
 
 I us OOVERNMENT PRINTINO OFFICE: 1984 - 421-009 - 227/775 
 
Exports of U.S. Manufacturing 
 Industries Related to Domestic 
 Production, 1981 
 
 Direct Exports and Indirect Requirements to Support Exports 
 
 Machinery, except electric 
 
 Tobacco manufactures 
 
 Cliemicals and allied products 
 
 Primary metal industries 
 
 Instruments and related products 
 
 Transportation equipment 
 
 Electric and electronic equipment 
 
 Paper and allied products 
 
 Fabricated metal products 
 
 . Lumber and wood products 
 
 Rubber and plastic products 
 
 Textile mill products 
 
 Misc. manufacturing industries 
 
 Stone, clay, and glass products 
 
 Food and kindred products 
 
 Petroleum and coal products 
 
 Leather and leather products 
 
 Apparel and other textile products 
 
 Furniture and fixtures 
 
 Printing and publishing industries 
 
 Percent of Domestic Production 
 
 10 15 20 
 
 25 
 
 Length of bars represents percent 
 
 of production; values within bars denote 
 
 direct exports and indirect requirements 
 
 Direct exports 
 
 Indirect 
 requirements 
 to support 
 exports 
 
 Note: Percentages shown for each industry indicate the total relative impact of exports on the domestic economy, including direct 
 exports and goods shipped from domestic establishments for use as inputs in manufactured products exported from other 
 establishments. Such inputs are included in domestic production industry totals. 
 
continued from page I 
 
 Fish products exports varied 
 
 Exports of fishery products from South Carolina 
 totaled $3.8 million in 1981 compared with esti- 
 mated foreign sales of $4.5 million in 1977. The 
 state's exports of fresh/frozen fish increased while 
 exports of shrimp decreased, South Carolina was 
 the exclusive exporter of seal furs. Valued at $1.1 
 million in 1981, these furs originated in Alaska and 
 were shipped to South Carolina for processing before 
 being exported. Seal fur shipments overseas were 
 valued at $2.8 million in 1977. 
 
 Exporter of clay 
 
 South Carolina exported kaolin clay, a specialty 
 clay, valued at $2.9 million in 1981. 
 
 Export-related employment sizable 
 
 South Carolina's $2.2 billion manufactured exports 
 provided direct employment for an estimated 21,500 
 workers in 1981. Those jobs constituted 5.5 percent 
 of the total manufacturing employment in the state. 
 From 1977 to 1981 the number of workers engaged 
 in the production of manufactures rose by 4 percent, 
 while employment directly related to exports was up 
 16 percent. About 60 percent of these workers were 
 concentrated in the textile mill, chemical and non- 
 electric machinery industries. These jobs accounted 
 for between 4 and 14 percent of the work force in 
 those industries. 
 
 In addition an estimated 24,200 jobs were required 
 in the state to manufacture products used by other 
 establishments in the United States as inputs for 
 manufactures that were ultimately exported. Thus 
 an estimated 45,700 jobs in South Carolina were 
 directly or indirectly dependent on exports of manu- 
 factured goods. This was 11.7 percent of all manu- 
 facturing employment in the state. 
 
 Three-fifths of the jobs dependent on manufac- 
 tured exports were concentrated in the textile prod- 
 ucts, chemicals, and nonelectric machinery indus- 
 tries. These jobs accounted for one out of four jobs 
 in the chemicals industry and one out of six/nine 
 jobs in the nonelectric machinery and textile mill 
 products. 
 
 An additional, 30,760 jobs were generated in non- 
 manufacturing industries that supply materials and 
 services supporting manufactured exports. South 
 Carolina's total employment related to manufactured 
 exports amounted to 76,400 jobs. 
 
 It is estimated that South Carolina's farm employ- 
 ment related to exports in 1982 was about one out of 
 every three farmers. This estimate assumes that the 
 number of farmers dependent on exports corresponds 
 to the ratio of exports to farm sales in the state. 
 Depending on numerous variables, including the 
 character of the product, mechanization, and degree of 
 intensiveness of farming, it may somewhat under- 
 state or overstate the actual number dependent on 
 exports. 
 
 STATE EXPORT REPORTS 
 
 This report is one of a series of 50 prepared by the 
 Office of Trade and Industry Information /Trade 
 Information and Analysis, Internationa! Trade 
 Administration on exports from the individual states. 
 Data on manufactured and agricultural exports are 
 presented in tabular form for a series of years. In 
 addition, recent information is included on state 
 exports of fish, fish products, and minerals. The 
 statistics on 1981 exports of manufactures by state 
 were taken from Origin of Exports of Manufac- 
 tured Products. 1981 Annual Survey of Manufac- 
 tures. M81 (AS)-5, issued by the Bureau of the 
 Census in May 1983. That publication can be ordered 
 from the Data User Services Division, Customer 
 
 Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Wash- 
 ington, D.C. 20233, or from any U.S. Department of 
 Commerce District Office for $2.75 per copy. Data 
 for earlier years were taken from similar Census 
 reports now out of print. 
 
 The information on state shares of agricultural 
 exports was taken from various issues of Foreign 
 Agricultural Trade of the United States published 
 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Special 
 compilations on exports of minerals and fuels by 
 state were provided by the Bureau of the Mines, 
 U.S. Department of Interior, and by the Energy 
 Information Administration, U.S. Department of 
 Energy, and on fish and fishery products by Nation- 
 al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. 
 Department of Commerce. 
 
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