C26.t> zr 7~ riv U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE JESSE H. JONES, Secretary BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION AND NAVIGATION R. S. FIELD, Director TANK VESSELS December 1941 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1941 SHHEH^BUiai TANK VESSELS December 1941 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION AND NAVIGATION WASHINGTON — —■■■ hiim iniiTrn Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/tankvesselsdecemOOunit CONTENTS Subchapter D. — Tank Vessels. Part Page Preface IV 30. General provisions D-l 31. Inspection and Certification D-5 32. Requirements for hulls, machinery, and equipment D-13 33. Life-saving appliances D-31 34. Fire-fighting equipment D-49 35. Operation D-61 36. Licensed officers and certificated men D-71 37. Specifications for life-saving appliances D-l 11 38. Transportation of liquefied inflammable gases D-137 Index D-143 (m) PREFACE The material contained in this subchapter is a compilation of the "General Rules and Regulations Prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, Tank Vessels," April 19, 1939, edition, and all subsequent amendments thereto published in the Bureau Bulletin and the Federal Register. These regulations are applicable to all tank vessels regardless of tonnage, size, or manner of propulsion, and whether self-propelled or not, and whether carrying freight or passengers for hire or not, except public vessels owned by the United States other than those engaged in commercial service. All rules and regulations contained herein, having been adopted by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors and approved by the Secretary of Commerce, have the force of law. The regulations for boilers, pressure vessels, and appurtenances (which include castings, steam piping, valves, mountings, fittings, etc., and the design, construction, installation, and inspection thereof) on tank vessels are the same as for other classes of inspected vessels and are contained in a separate publication, as are rules and regulations for other types of vessels. The regulations in this publication are set up in the same style as that used in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 46, Chapter I. They are divided into nine parts which closely correspond to the divisions of the General Rules and Regulations for the same class of vessels. This relationship and the titles of the nine parts are shown in the following table: Code of Federal Regulations, title 46, ch. 1, pt. No. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 General Provisions Inspection and Certification Requirements for Hulls, Machinery and Equipment Life-Saving Appliances Fire-Fighting Equipment Operation Licensed Officers and Certificated Men Specifications for Life-Saving Appliances Transportation of Liquefied Inflammable Gases Genera] Rules and Regulations, Tank Vessels, corresponding rule No. Introduction. Rule I. Rule II. Rule III. Rule IV. Rule V. Appendix B. Appendix C. Rule VI. Each part is further subdivided into sections, paragraphs, etc. The arrangement of the material in each part is similar to that given in the corresponding rule of the old regulations. (IV) TITLE 46— SHIPPING Chapter I — Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation Subchapter D— TANK VESSELS Part 30— GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 30.3 Definition of terms. Sec. 30.1 Basis and application of rules. 30.2 Division of rules and designations of their application. Section 30.1 Basis and application of rules. The rules in this subchapter govern the regulation and inspection of all tank vessels, which are subject to regulations and inspection under the provisions of law administered by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navi- gation. 30.2 Division of rules and designations of their application, (a) The rules in this subchapter are in eight parts, viz: Inspection and certification. Hulls, machinery, and equipment. Life-saving appliances. Fire-fighting equipment. Operation. Licensed officers and certificated men. Specifications: Life-saving appliances. Transportation of liquefied inflammable gases. (b) The vessels and services to which each item of the rules applies are indicated by letters, for example: (1) TB/ALL signifies an item applicable to both tank ships and tank barges in all waters. • (2) T/OC signifies an item applicable only to tank ships in ocean and coastwise service. (3) B/R signifies an item applicable only to tank barges in river service. (4) T/RB signifies an item applicable only to tank ships in service on rivers, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. (5) B/L signifies an item applicable only to tank barges on the Great Lakes. 30.3 Definition of terms. Certain terms used in the rules in this subchapter are defined as follows: (a) Approved. The term "approved" means approved by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation unless otherwise stated. (b) Board. The term "Board" means the Board of Supervising Inspectors of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (D-l) TANK VESSELS (c) Bureau. The term "Bureau" means the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navi- gation. (d) Cargo. (See "Inflammable liquid" and "Combustible liquid.") (e) Certificated. The term "certificated," when applied to tank vessels, refers to a vessel covered by a certificate of inspection issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation; when applied to men employed on tank vessels, refers to a certificate of ability issued under authority of the Secretary in accordance with the requirements of the regula- tions in this subchapter. (f) Classification requirements. The term "classification requirements" means appli- cable rules and supplementary requirements of the American Bureau of Shipping, or other recognized classification society. (g) Coastwise. Under this designation shall be included all tank vessels normally navigating the waters of any ocean or the Gulf of Mexico 20 nautical miles or less offshore. (h) Cofferdam. A cofferdam is a space having a width sufficient for ready access, with tight bulkheads on both sides. In the rules in this subchapter, any one of several spaces shall be considered to be equivalent to a cofferdam, as follows: (1) A cargo pump room. (2) A tank, either empty or used, to carry a liquid having a flash-point of 150° F. or above. (3) A horizontal air space either enclosed and vented or open to the atmosphere. (i) Combustible liquid. A combustible liquid is any liquid having a flash-point above 80° F. (as determined from Tagliabue's open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils). In the rules in this subchapter, combustible liquids are referred to by grades, as follows: (1) Grade D. Any combustible liquid having a flash-point below 150° F. and above 80° F. (2) Grade E. Any combustible liquid having a flash-point of 150° F. or above. (j) Director. The term "Director" means the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (k) Existing tank vessel. An "existing tank vessel" is any tank vessel the construction of which was started prior to November 10, 1936, and shall include any vessel the conversion of which into a tank vessel was started prior to November 10, 1936. (1) Flame arrester. The term "flame arrester" means any device or assembly of a cellular, tubular, pressure, or other type and of a size approved for preventing the passage of flames into enclosed spaces. (m) Flame screen. The term "flame screen" means a single screen of corrosion- resistant wire of at least 30 by 30 mesh, or two screens, both of corrosion-resistant wire, of at least 20 by 20 mesh, spaced not less than ){ inch or more than 1% inches apart. (n) Flash point. The term "flash point" indicates the temperature in degrees Fahren- heit at which a liquid gives off an inflammable vapor when heated in a Tagliabue open-cup tester. For the purpose of the regulations in this subchapter, flash points determined by (D-2) TANK VESSELS other testing methods will be equivalent to those determined with the Tagliabue open-cup tester, as follows: Equivalent flash points Tagliabue open-cup tester Tagliabue closed-cup tester (A. S. T. M. D-53-36) Pensky-Mar- tens closed tester (A. S. T. M. D-93-40) °F. 80 150 °F. 75 °F. 140 (o) Gas free. The term "gas free" means free from dangerous concentrations of inflammable or toxic gases. (p) General Rules and Regulations. The term "General Rules and Regulations" means the General Rules and Regulations prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (q) Great Lakes. Under this designation shall be included all tank vessels navigating the Great Lakes. (r) Inflammable liquid. (1) An inflammable liquid is any liquid which gives off inflam- mable vapors (as determined by flash point from Tagliabue's open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 80° F. In the rules in this subchapter inflammable liquids are referred to by grades, as follows: Grade A. Any inflammable liquid having a Reid Vapor Pressure of 14 pounds or more. Grade B. Any inflammable liquid having a Reid Vapor Pressure under 14 pounds and over 8)2 pounds. Grade C. Any inflammable liquid having a Reid Vapor Pressure of 8% pounds or less and a flash point of 80° F. or below. (2) Liquefied inflammable gas. Any inflammable gas, having a Reid 1 Vapor Pressure exceeding 40 pounds or a vapor pressure exceeding 25 pounds per square inch gauge at 70° F. as determined by N. G. A. A. 2 or other recognized test method, which has been compressed and liquefied for purposes of transportation. In the rules in this subchapter, liquefied inflam- mable gases are referred to by classes as follows: Class 1. Any liquefied petroleum gas, including gases or mixtures of gases produced with or derived from petroleum or natural gas, and composed predominantly of hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons such as propane, propylene, butanes, butylenes, or butadiene. Class 2. Any liquefied inflammable gas other than liquefied petroleum gas. 1 American Society for Testing Materials Tentative Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method) (D-323 — 41) . 2 Natural Gasoline Association of America Tentative Standard Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Products — revised July 1940. (D-3) TANK VESSELS (s) Lakes, bays, and sounds. Under this designation shall be included all tank vessels navigating the waters of any of the lakes, bays, or sounds other than the waters of the Great Lakes. (t) Inspector. The term "inspector" means a local or other inspector duly designated by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (u) New tank vessels. A "new tank vessel" is any tank vessel the construction of which is started on or after November 10, 1936, and shall include any vessel the conversion of which into a tank vessel is started on or after November 10, 1936. (v) Ocean. Under this designation shall be included all tank vessels normally navi- gating the waters of any ocean or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles off shore. (w) Permit. The term "permit" refers to an endorsement on the certificate of inspec- tion authorizing the presence on board of liquid inflammable or combustible cargoes in bulk, issued by a local board of inspectors to a tank vessel which is found to be in substantial compliance with the regulations in this subchapter. (x) Pilot Rules. The term "pilot rules" means Pilot Rules, in three parts, as issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, namely (1) Pilot Rules for Certain Inland Waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts and of the Coast of the Gulf of Mexico; (2) Pilot Rules for the Great Lakes and Their Connecting and Tributary Waters; and (3) Pilot Rules for Rivers Whose Waters Flow into the Gulf of Mexico and Their Tributaries and the Red River of the North. (y) Pressure-vacuum relief valves. The term "pressure-vacuum relief valve" means any device or assembly of a mechanical, liquid, weight, or other type and of a size approved for the automatic regulation of pressure in enclosed spaces. (z) Recognized classification society. The term "recognized classification society" means the American Bureau of Shipping or other classification society recognized by the Bureau. (aa) Reid vapor pressure. Reid vapor pressure of a liquid at a temperature of 100° F. expressed in pounds per square inch, absolute, as determined by the "Reid Method," as described in Tentative Method D-323-41 of the American Society for Testing Materials. (bb) Rivers. Under this designation shall be included all tank vessels whose navigation is restricted to rivers and/or to canals exclusively. (cc) Secretary. The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce. (dd) Spark arrester. The term "spark arrester" means any device, assembly, or method of a mechanical, centrifugal, cooling, or other type and of a size suitable for the retention or quenching of sparks in exhaust pipes from internal combustion engines. (ee) Supervising inspector. The term "supervising inspector" means a supervising inspector of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (ff) Tank barge. A "tank barge" is any tank vessel not equipped with means of self- propulsion. (gg) Tank ship. A "tank ship" is any tank vessel propelled by power or sail. (hh) Tank vessel. A "tank vessel" is any vessel especially constructed or converted to carry liquid bulk cargo in tanks. (D-4) PART 31— INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Sec. General 31.1-1 Issuance of certificates of inspection — TB/ALL. 31.1-2 Authority to regulate vessels carrying hazardous cargo — TB/ALL. 31.1-3 Penalties for violations— TB/ALL. 31.1-4 Effective date of regulations— TB/ALL. 31.1-5 Time allowance for changes in existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. 31.1-0 Owner's right of appeal — TB/ALL. Certificates of Inspection 31.2-1 Application for certificate of inspection of new vessels— TB/ALL. 31.2-2 Application for certificate of inspection of all existing tank vessels— TB/ALL. 31.2-3 Period covered by certificate of inspection — TB/ALL. 31.2-4 Both inspectors to sign certificates of inspection — TB/ALL. Inspection of Tank Vessels 31.8-1 Authority— TB/ALL. 31.3-2 American Bureau of Shipping— TB/ALL. 31.3-3 Inspection of new tank vessels— TB/ALL. 31.3^1 First inspection of existing tank vessels— TB/ALL. 31.3-5 Vessels converted to tank vessels— TB/ALL. 31.3-6 Annual inspection — TB/ALL. 31.3-7 Drydocking or hauling out — TB/ALL. 31.3-8 Special inspections — TB/ALL. Manning of Tank Vessels 31.4-1 Licensed officers and crew — TB/ALL. 31.4-2 Tank barges— B/BLR. 31.4-3 Towing vessels may carry persons in addition to crew— B/LBR. 31.4-4 Right of appeal— TB/ALL. Waters Operated Over 31.5-1 Waters— TB/ALL. General Inspection Reports and Procedure 31.6-1 Annual reports of inspectors — TB/ALL. 31.6-2 Accident reports of inspectors — TB/ALL. 31.6-3 Adjoining districts to be notified of revocations or suspensions of licenses and certificates — TB/ALL. 31.6-4 Inspectors not to accept statements — TB/ALL. Load Lines 31.7-1 Establishment of load lines— TB/ALL. Specifications: Boilers, Pressure Vessels, and Piping Systems 31.8-1 Boiler rules— TB/ALL. GENERAL Section 31.1-1 Issuance of certificate of inspection — TB/ALL. (a) Every tank vessel subject to the regulations in this subchapter shall be inspected to see that its hull, boilers, machinery, apparatus for storage and appliances comply with law and the regulations in this subchapter. If such vessel is found to comply with law and the regulations in this subchapter, a certificate of inspection shall be issued to it, or to its owners, by the local inspectors of the Bureau. (b) Certificates of inspection for tank vessels shall be similar in form to certificates issued to other cargo vessels, and in addition to the manning requirements and waters over which they may be operated, they shall be endorsed "Inspected and approved for the carriage of inflammable or combustible liquids of Grades A, B, C, D, or E" (as the case may be), and such endorsement shall serve as a permit for such vessel to operate. (c) The certificate of inspection shall be verified by the oaths of the inspectors signing it before the chief officer of the customs of the district or any other person competent by law to administer oaths. Such certificate shall be delivered to the master or owner of the tank vessel to which it relates and shall be framed under glass and posted in a conspicuous part of the vessel: Provided, however, That where it is not practicable so to expose said certificate, it shall be carried in the vessel in such manner as prescribed by the inspectors. (D-5) TANK VESSELS 31.1-2 Authority to regulate vessels carrying hazardous cargo — TB/ALL. The Board of Supervising Inspectors, with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce, is author- ized and directed to establish rules and regulations for all vessels having on board any inflammable or combustible liquid cargo in bulk. 31.1-3 Penalties for violations — TB/ALL. Certificates of inspection for tank vessels may be revoked or suspended by the Bureau where such process is authorized by law. 31.1-4 Effective date of regulations — TB/ALL. The regulations in this subchapter shall become effective on and after November 10, 1936. 31.1-5 Time allowance for changes in existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. After the initial inspection of an existing tank vessel by the local inspectors to determine whether such vessel complies with the regulations in this subchapter, the inspectors shall furnish the owner or master, in writing, a list of the changes, if any, required to be made to the vessel in order that it may comply with the requirements of the regulations in this subchapter, and a period of not to exceed 1 year may be allowed such owner to make such changes, not previously required by regulations of the Bureau, after which the vessel shall be reinspected. Until such reinspection is made, such vessel shall be permitted to operate under a special certificate of inspection and permit which will not restrict its use for the transportation of liquid in- flammable or combustible cargoes in bulk. 31.1-6 Owner's right of appeal — TB/ALL. Whenever any person directly interested in or affected by any decision or action of any board of local inspectors of vessels shall feel aggrieved by such decision or action, he may appeal therefrom to the supervising inspector of the district, and a like appeal shall be allowed from any decision or action of a supervising inspector to the Director whose decision when approved by the Secretary of Commerce shall be final: Provided, however, That application for such re-examination of the case by a super- vising inspector or by the Director shall be made within 30 days after the decision or action appealed from shall have been rendered or taken. CERTIFICATES OF INSPECTION 31.2-1 Application for certificate of inspection of new vessels — TB/ALL. Prior to the commencement of the construction of any new tank vessel, or prior to the commencement of the conversion of any vessel to a tank vessel, application for the approval of contract plans and specifications and for a certificate of inspection shall be made in writing to the Bureau and no such construction or conversion shall be proceeded with until such approval is granted. (See § 31.3-3.) 31.2-2 Application for certificate of inspection of all existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. Application for a certificate of inspection for an existing tank vessel, endorsed as a permit for the transportation of inflammable or combustible liquids in bulk, shall be made in writing to the local inspectors of the district in which the tank vessel operates within 30 days after the effective date of the regulations in this subchapter. (D-6) TANK VESSELS 31.2-3 Period covered by certificate of inspection — TB/ALL. Certificates of inspec- tion for any period less than 1 year shall not be issued. 31.2-4 Both inspectors to sign certificates of inspection — TB/ALL. Certificates of inspection shall be signed by both local inspectors, or by a supervising inspector, as provided in section 4409 of the Revised Statutes (46 U.S.C. 379). INSPECTION OF TANK VESSELS 31.3-1 Authority — TB/ALL. Inspectors may at any time lawfully inspect any tank vessel within their respective districts. 31.3-2 American Bureau of Shipping — TB/ALL. (a) In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels, the rules promulgated by the American Bureau of Shipping designated "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, 1936" and "Entered according to Act of Congress, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, by the American Bureau of Shipping, April 1936" respecting material and construction of hulls, boilers, and machinery, except as otherwise provided for by law and the rules and regulations in this subchapter, are hereby adopted and shall be accepted as standard by the inspectors of this Bureau. If in the development of the industry improved materials or methods of construc- tion cause the American Bureau of Shipping to change the requirements of the above- mentioned edition of their rules, their latest rules, if approved by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation and entered in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washing- ton, shall be accepted as standard. (b) The approved plans and certificate of the American Bureau of Shipping, or other recognized classification society for classed vessels, may be accepted by the Bureau or its inspectors as evidence of the structural efficiency of the hull and reliability of machinery of vessels subject to the regulations in this subchapter, except as otherwise provided for by law and the rules and regulations in this subchapter. 31.3-3 Inspection of new tank vessel — TB/ALL — (a) Plans. Triplicate copies of contract plans and specifications shall be submitted to the local inspectors having jurisdic- tion, and if the tank vessel is to be classed, such plans and specifications shall first be approved by a recognized classification society. Two copies of such plans and specifications shall be forwarded by the local inspectors to the Bureau for its approval. Such plans and specifica- tions shall be promptly reviewed by the Bureau, and if found to be in substantial agreement with the regulations in this subchapter, they shall be marked "Approved," and dated and signed by the Bureau, and one set shall be returned to the owner or builder. If such plans or specifications are not approved, the Bureau shall notify the owner or builder promptly wherein they fail to comply with the regulations in this subchapter. (b) Inspection. During construction and upon completion of each tank vessel, it shall be inspected by the local inspectors to determine whether it has been built in accordance with the approved plans and specifications, and, if so, a certificate of inspection endorsed as a (D-7) TANK VESSELS permit for the carriage of inflammable or combustible liquids in bulk for the proper grade or grades of cargo shall be issued to the vessel or its owner. (c) Certificate of class may be accepted. In the event such tank vessel is classed by the American Bureau of Shipping or other recognized classification society, the approved plans and certificates of such societ}^ may be accepted by the Bureau or its inspectors as evidence of the structural efficiency of the hull and reliability of machinery, except as otherwise provided for by law and the rules and regulations in this subchapter. 31.3-4 First inspection of existing tank vessels — TB/ALL — (a) Evidence. Certifi- cate of class may be accepted as evidence. If the tank vessel has been classed and maintained in class with the American Bureau of Shipping or other recognized classification society, the approved plans and certificates of such society may be accepted by the Bureau or its inspectors as evidence of the structural efficiency of the hull and reliability of machinery of such vessel, except as otherwise provided for by law and the rules and regulations in this subchapter. (b) If not classed or maintained in class. If the tank vessel has not been classed, or if classed has not been maintained in class, it shall be freed of gas and sediment and, if deemed necessary by the local inspectors, shall be placed in dry dock, or on a slipway, or hauled out for examination. The vessel shall be inspected both internally and externally by the local inspectors. If found necessary, it shall be modified, altered, or reconstructed to conform as nearly as is reasonable and practicable to the regulations in this subchapter. (c) Certificate of inspection of existing tank vessels. When it has been determined by the local inspectors that any existing tank vessel is in reasonable compliance with the regula- tions in this subchapter, or when any tank vessel not originally in compliance with the regula- tions in this subchapter is modified, altered, or reconstructed to conform in a reasonable and practical way to the regulations in this subchapter, then such tank vessel shall be issued a certificate of inspection endorsed as a permit for the carriage of inflammable and/or combus- tible liquids in bulk and for the proper grade or grades of such cargo. 31.3-5 Vessels converted to tank vessels — TB/ALL. The procedure for the inspection of vessels converted to tank vessels shall conform to the inspection for new tank vessels as called for in §31.3-3, and such vessels shall comply with the requirements of inspections for converted vessels as set forth in the regulations in this subchapter. 31.3-6 Annual inspection — TB/ALL. (a) The local inspectors shall once in every year, at least, carefully inspect each tank vessel within their respective districts, and shall satisfy themselves that every such vessel so inspected is of a structure suitable for the carriage of inflammable and/or combustible liquids in bulk and for the proper grade or grades of such cargo in the service in which she is employed ; and if they deem it expedient, they may direct the vessel to be put in motion, and may adopt any other suitable means to test her sufficiency and that of her equipment. (D-8) TANK VESSELS (b) If such inspection reveals deficiencies in maintenance as called for by the regulations in this subchapter, such necessary repairs or improvements shall be made as may be ordered to comply herewith. (c) The annual inspection of all tank vessels shall be made on written application to the local inspectors by the owner, master, or authorized agent of the vessel to be inspected. Such application shall state upon its face that previous application for inspection has not been made to any other board of local inspectors or supervising inspectors, and shall also state the grade of cargo the vessel is to be inspected for and certificated to carry, such as A, B, C, D, or E grades as described in the regulations in this subchapter and the route or waters over which the vessel is to operate. 31.3-7 Drydocking or hauling out — TB/ALL. (a) Each steel hull tank vessel shall be placed in drydock or on a slipway or hauled out for examination depending upon its service as follows: (1) Each tank vessel whose operations in salt water service aggregate more than 6 months in a calendar year shall be drydocked or hauled out at least once each calendar year. (2) Each tank vessel whose operations in salt water service aggregate 6 months or less in a calendar year shall be drydocked or hauled out at least once in every 2 calendar years. (3) Each tank vessel used in fresh -water service exclusively shall be drydocked or hauled out at least once in every 5 calendar years. (b) Each wood hull tank vessel shall be placed in drydock or on a slipway, or hauled out for examination at least once every 4 years: Provided however, That vessels without independent metal tanks shall be placed in drydock or on a slipway or hauled out for examina- tion at least once every 2 years. (c) Each tank vessel, irrespective of service, which has not complied with these dry- docking requirements, either because it was on a voyage or was tied up, shall be drydocked or hauled out upon the completion of such voyage or before being placed in service. (d) Whenever any tank vessel is placed in drydock or on a slipway or hauled out for repairs it shall be the duty of the master, owner, or agent to report the same, together with the nature of any repairs or alterations contemplated, to the local inspectors of that district, and if the condition or age of the vessel, in the judgment of the inspectors, renders an examina- tion necessary, a thorough inspection shall be made by them to determine what is necessary to make such vessel seaworthy and come within the provisions of the regulations in this subchapter. 31.3-8 Special inspections — (a) Repairs and alterations involving safety — TB/ALL. No extensive alterations involving the safety of a tank vessel either in regard to hull or machin- ery shall be made without the approval of the Bureau. Before such alterations are carried out, copies of drawings and specifications, in triplicate, for the work involved shall be for- warded to the local inspectors for submission to the Bureau for approval, and if approval is given, one set of said plans and specifications, properly approved and dated, shall be returned to the owner or to the repair yard designated by the owner, and one set to the local inspectors (D-9) TANK VESSELS who forwarded same to the Bureau. If such plans and specifications are not approved, the Bureau shall promptly notify the owner or designated shipyard wherein they fail to comply with the regulations in this subchapter. No extensive repairs to the hull or machinery which affect the safety of a vessel shall be made without the knowledge of the local inspectors. (b) For stability — TB/ALL. When the local inspectors have any reason to question the stability of any tank vessel under their jurisdiction, they shall require the owners of the tank vessel to make inclining tests of such vessel. (c) To proceed to other ports for repairs — TB/ALL. The local inspectors may issue a permit to proceed to another port for repairs, if in their judgment the vessel can proceed with safety. In the issuance of such a permit, the local inspectors will state upon its face the conditions upon which it is granted and whether the vessel is to be allowed to carry freight or passengers. A vessel whose certificate of inspection has expired shall not be issued a per- mit to carry passengers while en route to another port for repairs. When a permit has been issued by the local inspectors of a district for a tank vessel to proceed to another district to make repairs, such local inspectors shall notify the supervising inspector of their district, stating the repairs to be made on such vessel. Said supervising inspector shall notify the supervising inspector of the district where the repairs are to be made, furnishing him a copy of the report of the inspectors indicating the repairs ordered on the vessel. (d) For trial trips — T/ALL. On the trial trip of each new or converted tank ship, an inspector shall be present to observe from the standpoint of safety in the carriage of inflam- mable and/or combustible liquids in bulk, the operation of boilers, engines, steering gear, and auxiliaries; and if not satisfied with the performance of such boilers and machinery, appliances, and apparatus for stowage, he shall make such requirements as in his judgment will overcome any deficiencies which may have come under his observation. (e) Crew Accommodations — TB/ALL. Crew's quarters shall be inspected to determine their sanitary condition. The local inspectors, upon completing such inspection, shall notify the master or officer in charge of the vessel of their findings, which shall be entered in the vessel's log book. MANNING OF TANK VESSELS 31.4-1 Licensed officers and crew — TB/ALL. (a) The local inspectors shall make in the certificate of inspection of each tank vessel an entry of such complement of officers and/or crew as required by law and the rules and regulations in this subchapter, and which in the judgment of the local inspectors who inspect the vessel, will be necessary for her safe oper- ation. The complement may be changed from time to time by endorsement on such certificate by local inspectors by reason of change of conditions or employment. (b) Wherever the regulations in this subchapter refer to a certificated tankerman, the holder of a license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be considered as qualified to perform all duties of such tankerman without being certificated as such. (D-10) TANK VESSELS (c) In all cases where a certificate of inspection does not require at least two licensed officers, the local inspectors shall enter in the permit issued to any manned tank vessel sub- ject to the regulations in this subchapter the number of the crew to be certificated as tanker- men. If the total complement of a tank vessel is either one or two persons only one such person need be a certificated tankerman. If the total complement exceeds two, only two such persons need be certificated tankermen. 31.4-2 Tank barges — B/BLR. Tank barges operating on inland waters or on the Great Lakes or rivers need not be manned unless in the judgment of the local inspectors such manning is necessary for the protection of life and property and for the safe operation of the vessel: Provided however, That towing vessels, while towing barges which are not required to be manned, shall carry in the regular complement of the towing vessel a sufficient number of licensed officers or certificated tankermen to provide at least one such licensed officer or certificated tankerman on each watch. 31.4-3 Towing vessels may carry persons in addition to crew — B/LBR. (a) Towing vessels engaged in towing tank barges on the Great Lakes, inland waters, or rivers, may be authorized by the supervising inspector of the district to carry on board such number of persons in addition to its crew as shall be deemed necessary to carry on the legitimate busi- ness of such towing vessel or barge, not exceeding, however, one person to every net ton of the towing vessel. (b) Supervising inspectors granting license to a vessel engaged in towing to carry persons in addition to its crew shall notify the local inspectors in whose jurisdiction the vessel receiving the permit is engaged, and the local inspectors shall keep a record of the same. 31.4-4 Right of appeal — TB/ALL. The decision of the local inspectors as to the man- ning of any tank vessel shall be subject to a right of appeal in the same manner as prescribed in §31.1-6. WATERS OPERATED OVER 31.5-1 Waters — TB/ALL. The certificate of inspection shall show the waters over which the tank vessel is permitted to operate, such as: all waters; oceans, coastwise; Great Lakes; bays, sounds, and lakes, other than the Great Lakes; rivers; or inland waters tribu- tary to the Gulf of Mexico. GENERAL INSPECTION REPORTS AND PROCEDURE 31.6-1 Annual reports of inspectors — TB/ALL. Local inspectors shall report for each fiscal year, as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, to their supervising in- spectors, all vessels inspected, arranged according to class and grade; all examinations into alleged violations of the laws regulating vessels, and the action taken in relation to the same ; (D-ll) TANK VESSELS all investigations and decisions by local inspectors; all cases of appeal and the result thereof; casualties and investigations of same; the names of all persons licensed or certificated; the names of all whose licenses or certificates have been suspended or revoked ; the names of all persons from whom licenses or certificates have been withheld; and shall render all other annual reports required by the regulations of the Bureau. These reports together with any other annual reports that may be submitted by supervising and local inspectors, shall be forwarded by supervising inspectors to the Director. No supervising inspector shall make his annual report public until after the same has been printed and made public by the Bureau; and, further, no local board, or the clerk thereof, shall make public any report without the consent of their supervising inspector or that of the Director. 31.6-2 Accident reports of inspectors — TB/ALL. Local boards shall report forthwith to their supervising inspectors and the Bureau in detail all accidents of a serious character, such as collisions, founderings, sinkings, fires, and all other casualties of interest to or affect- ing the Bureau in their respective districts. 31.6-3 Adjoining districts to be notified of revocations or suspensions of licenses and certificates — TB/ALL. It shall be the duty of local inspectors to notify the local inspectors of adjoining districts, through the supervising inspector, of all revocations or suspensions of licenses and certificates, and also of the names of all persons from whom licenses or certificates have been withheld, the names of all vessels neglecting or refusing to make repairs when ordered, and the names of all that have been refused certificates, with the reasons therefor. 31.6-4 Inspectors not to accept statements — TB/ALL. Inspectors shall be guided by conditions as actually found by them and in no case shall they be justified in accepting the statements of others where first-hand information is obtainable. LOAD LINES 31.7-1 Establishment of load lines — TB/ALL. All tank vessels are subject to the applicable regulations of the Secretary of Commerce for the establishment of load lines. SPECIFICATIONS: BOILERS, PRESSURE VESSELS, AND PIPING SYSTEMS 31.8-1 Boiler rules — TB/ALL. All tank vessels are subject to the rules and regulations contained in Parts 50-57, wherever applicable, and with such exceptions as are set forth in the rules in this subchapter for tank vessels. (D-12) PART 32— REQUIREMENTS FOR HULLS, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT Sec. 32.1-1 32.1-2 32.1-3 32.1-4 32.1-5 32.1-6 32.1-7 32.1-8 32.2-1 32.2-2 32.2-3 32.2-4 32.2-5 32.2-6 32.2-7 32.3-1 32.3-2 32.3-3 32.3-4 32.3-5 32.4-1 32.4-2 32.4-3 32.4-4 32.5-1 32.5-2 32.5-3 32.5-4 32.5-5 32.5-6 32.6-7 Hulls and Hull Fittings; General Inspection of hulls— TB/ALL. Means of escape — T/ALL. Name of vessel. Draft marks— TB/ALL. Hull fittings— TB/ALL. Crew accommodations; tankers of_100 gross tons or over con- structed after Jan. 1, 1938— T/ALL. Crew accommodations; tankers of less than 100 gross tons and manned tank barges constructed after Jan. 1, 1938 — TB/ ALL. Crew accommodations; tankers of 100 gross tons or over constructed after March 4, 1915, and prior to Jan. 1, 1938— T/ALL. Crew accommodations; tankers and manned tank barges not otherwise provided for — TB/ALL. Hull Requirements; New Tank Vessels Scantlings, material, workmanship — TB/ALL. Subdivision of cargo space — TB/ALL. Cofferdams— TB/ALL. Pump rooms — TB/ALL. Living quarters — TB/ALL. Vessels with independent tanks — TB/ALL. Construction and testing of cargo tanks and bulkheads — TB/ALL. Hull Requirements; Existing Steel Hull, Tank Vessels Hull requirements; general— TB/ALL. Cofferdams— TB/ALL. Pump rooms — TB/ALL. Pump engine compartment — TB/ALL. Cargo tanks— TB/ALL. Hull Requirements; Existing Wood Hull, Tank Vessels Hull requirements; general — TB/ALL. Cargo tanks. Electric bonding and grounding of tanks— TB/ALL. Hold spaces and bulkheads — TB/ALL. Boilers and Machinery Design and construction of boilers — TB/ALL. Tests and inspection of boilers and equipment — TB/ALL. Request for increase of steam pressure— TB/ALL. Penalty for overloading safety valves— TB/ALL. Installation of fuel-oil system— TB/ALL. Installation of internal combustion engines; new vessels— TB/ALL. Internal combustion engine exhaust; new installations — TB/ALL. Sec. 32.5-8 Internal combustion engines; existing installations — TB/ ALL. 32.5-9 Auxiliary machinery— TB/ALL. 32.5-10 Bilge pumps for tank barges. 32.5-11 Extra steering apparatus — T/ALL. 32.5-12 Examination of tail shaft— T/OC. Electrical Installation 32.6-1 Electrical installation; general; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.6-2 Electrical installation; cargo pump rooms; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.6-3 Location of storage batteries; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.6-4 Electrical installation; general existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. 32.6-5 Electrical installation; cargo pump rooms; existing tank ves- sels— TB/ALL. Ventilation and Venting 32.7-1 Ventilation; new vessels— TB/ALL. 32.7-2 Ventilation; existing vessels— TB/ALL. 32.7-3 Ventilation; hold space— TB/ALL. 32.7-4 Venting of cargo tanks; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.7-5 Venting of cargo tanks fitted with inert gas system — TB/ ALL. 32.7-6 Venting of cofferdam; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.7-7 Venting of bunker tanks; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.7-8 Minimum size of vent pipes; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.7-9 Venting of cargo tanks; existing vessels — TB/ALL. Cargo Pumps and Cargo Piping 32.8-1 Cargo pumps; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.8-2 Cargo pump fittings and controls; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.8-3 Cargo pumps; existing vessels with independent cargo tanks— TB/ALL. 32.8-4 Cargo piping; new vessels — TB/ALL. 32.8-5 Cargo pumps and piping; existing vessels — TB/ALL. Equipment and Miscellaneous 32.9-1 Vessel's name on equipment — TB/ALL. 32.9-2 Whistles— T/ALL. 32.9-3 Fog bells— TB/ALL. 32.9-4 Interior communication systems — T/ALL. 32.9-5 Alarm bells. 32.9-6 Sounding machines — T/OCL. 32.9-7 Deck life line— TB/OCLB. 32.9-8 Guards at dangerous places — TB/ALL. 32.9-9 Seagoing barges— B/OC. 32.9-10 Cargo hose— TB/ALL. HULLS AND HULL FITTINGS; GENERAL Section 32.1-1 Inspection of hulls — TB/ALL. In the inspection of hulls of tank vessels, the inspector of hulls shall carefully inspect every accessible part of the hull, and 327208°— 42- (D-13) TANK VESSELS carefully examine the wood or metal of which the hull is constructed, to determine its condi- tion, making all necessary hammer tests of hulls constructed of iron or steel. If the inspectors shall not have satisfactory evidence otherwise of the soundness of the hull of a wooden vessel, the board of local inspectors shall not give a certificate until such hull has been bored or opened up to the inspectors' satisfaction. 32.1-2 Means of escape — T/ALL. On all tank ships where the plans and arrangements will possibly permit, all passageways leading to living quarters, or places where anyone may be regularly employed, shall be provided with not less than two avenues of escape so located that if one of such avenues is not available another may be. The locality and arrangement of such additional means of escape shall be determined by the inspectors as will in their judgment best carry out the purpose for which this provision was made. 32.1-3 Name of vessel — (a) TB/ALL. The name of every documented tank vessel of the United States shall be marked upon each bow and upon the stern, and the home port shall also be marked upon the stern. The name shall be in a light color on a dark ground, or in a dark color on a light ground, and shall be distinctly visible. The smallest letters used shall not be less in size than 4 inches. (b) T/ALL. In addition, every tank ship shall have her name conspicuously displayed in distinct, plain letters, of not less than 6 inches in length on each outer side of the pilot house. (c) B/ALL. Every undocumented tank barge shall have its name or number carved, punch-marked, or welded on the main beam, inside the cargo hatch, or other suitable per- manent part of the vessel's structure for the purpose of identification. The vessel's name or number shall also be displayed on both sides of the highest part of the vessel's hull or house structure. 32.1-4 Draft marks — TB/ALL. All tank vessels of 50 gross tons and over shall have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost, or at such other places forward and aft as may be necessary for easy observance. The draft shall be taken from the bottom of the lowest part of the keel to the surface of the water, the bottom of the mark to indicate the draft in feet. 32.1-5 Hull fittings — TB/ALL. (a) All main and auxiliary inlet and discharge pipes leading through any part of the vessel's hull or to sea chests shall be fitted with efficient means of preventing the ingress of water in the event of a fracture of such pipes. (b) All scuppers, sanitary and other similar discharges leading through the vessel's hull from enclosed spaces, shall be fitted with means for preventing the ingress of water. All scupper and sanitary piping shall be adequately protected where necessary. Drains from sanitary fixtures in living quarters which pass through cargo tanks shall be provided with water seals, valves, or other suitable means for preventing the entrance of gases into such quarters. (c) Sea chests, sea valves, and strainers shall be carefully examined by the inspector when the vessel is in drydock, and, if he deems it necessary, he may order them opened up for internal examination. This also applies to bilge injection valves. (D-14) TANK VESSELS (d) It shall be the duty of the inspectors when inspecting vessels to examine carefully all air ports and deadlights in the hull and to satisfy themselves that they are safe. (e) On all vessels not subject to the Load Line Laws and the regulations issued there- under (Subchapter E of Chapter I of this Title), of 150 gross tons or over, whose keels are laid on or after June 15, 1941, cast iron is not to be used for any connection to the vessel's sides if located below the main deck, nor are cast-iron valves to be secured to sea. chests. 32.1-6 Crew accommodations; tankers of 100 gross tons or over constructed after Jan. 1, 1938 — T/ALL. On all tankships of 100 gross tons and over, the construction of which is begun after January 1, 1938, the minimum requirements relative to construction, location, and equipment of crew accommodations are as follows: (a) Sleeping quarters. At least 120 cubic feet of space and not less than 16 square feet of deck areas shall be allotted to each member of the crew for sleeping purposes. In measuring sleeping quarters allotted to crews of vessels, the local inspectors shall not deduct from the total volume or from the deck area any equipment contained therein which is provided for the exclusive use of the crew. Not more than one bunk shall be placed above another, and the lower bunk shall be at least 12 inches above the deck. The upper bunk shall be located as nearly as practicable midway between the lower bunk and the lower side of the deck beans overhead. (b) Toilet and washing facilities. Each such tank ship shall be provided with at least one washbasin, one bathtub or shower, and one toilet for each eight members of the crew or portion thereof, exclusive of licensed officers. There shall also be provided at least one washbasin, one bathtub or shower, and one toilet for the use of the licensed officers. When the engine room crew, exclusive of licensed officers and others separately provided for exceeds eight, separate washing facilities shall be provided. (c) Hospital accommodations. Each such tank vessel which in the ordinary course of its trade makes voyages of more than 3 days' duration between ports and which carries a crew of 12 or more, shall be equipped with a compartment suitably separated from other spaces for hospital purposes, and such compartment shall have at least 1 bunk for every 12 seamen constituting her crew, provided that not more than 6 bunks shall be required in any case. (d) Location, construction and equipment. (1) Crew accommodations shall not be located forward of the collision bulkhead, or where there will be undue risk to members of the crew in getting to stations. (2) Where crew quarters abut galley, boiler, or engine room bulkheads, such bulkheads shall be insulated with fire-resistive material to reduce transmission of heat. (3) Insofar as practicable, crew quarters shall be so located or constructed that they will be protected against objectionable odors of cargo, fuel tanks, paint lockers, oil rooms, bilges, toilets, etc. (4) Crew quarters shall be adequately lighted, heated and ventilated. The minimum standard for natural lighting is that it will be possible in daylight and in clear weather to (D-15) TANK VESSELS read the print of an ordinary newspaper in part of the space allotted. When it is not possible to provide adequate natural lighting, artificial lighting may be accepted on the same basis, Provided however, That in the artificial lighting of the crew's quarters, the use of portable wiring is prohibited, except when approved by the chief engineer. Bare metal surfaces of ship's sides and metal weather decks overhead which are not decked over with wood externally, shall be covered with suitable fire-resistive material to aid in keeping the crew's quarters dry. In the ventilation of crew accommodations provision shall be made for the ingress of fresh air and for the egress of impure air; it shall be adequate for the purpose intended, and so arranged as to be effective in any ordinary weather conditions, and to distribute fresh air without undue discomfort to the occupants. Where natural ventilation is provided, each inlet shall have an area of at least 6 square inches for each person accommodated, the outlet to be at least equal in size to the inlet. In no case shall any one such inlet or outlet have a cross sectional area of less than 24 square inches. Mechanical ventilation may be provided if such system is equal in effectiveness to the requirements for natural ventilation and is approved by the Bureau. Mess rooms shall be provided for both officers and crew, and shall be separate from each other where space and conditions will permit. Such mess rooms shall be sufficient in size to accommodate all persons allotted to such space: Provided, however, That this subparagraph need not apply to vessels operating on the Great Lakes, lakes, bays and sounds, or rivers. (5) All washbasins, showerbaths, or tubs required by the regulations in this subchapter shall be equipped with proper plumbing, including hot and cold running water. Washbasins for the crew may be located in the crew's sleeping quarters, if properly installed, equipped with proper plumbing for draining and supplied with hot and cold running water. (6) All toilets shall be installed and equipped with the proper plumbing for flushing. Where more than one toilet is located in a space or compartment, each toilet shall be separated with a screen constructed of fire-resistive material to afford privacy. Such screens may be installed so as to be open at top and bottom for ventilation purposes. Toilet seats shall be so constructed as to remain in an upright position when not in use. (7) Floors of toilets and washrooms shall be covered with cement, tile, or other suitable covering. (8) On each such tank ship there shall be provided at least one sink or other suitable means for washing clothes. (9) Each hospital shall have a toilet, washbasin, and bathtub or shower conveniently situated. (10) A clothes locker shall be provided for each person accommodated of a size not less than 12" x 21" x 5' high and so placed as to be readily accessible. (11) Living accommodations shall be properly screened to exclude insects. (D-16) TANK VESSELS 32.1-7 Crew accommodations; tankers of less than 100 gross tons and manned tank barges constructed after Jan. 1, 1938 — TB/ALL. All tank ships of less than 100 gross tons and all manned tank barges, the construction of which is begun after January 1, 1938, shall be provided with crew accommodations of sufficient size, adequate construction, and with suitable equipment to provide for the protection and accommodation of its crew in a manner practicable for the size, facilities and service of the vessel, and consistent with the principles underlying the requirements for crew accommodations on tank ships of 100 gross tons or more. 32.1-8 Crew accommodations; tankers of 100 gross tons or over constructed after Mar. 4, 1915 and prior to Jan. 1, 1938 — T/ALL. On all tank ships of 100 gross tons or over the construction of which was begun after March 4, 1915, and prior to January 1, 1938, the crew accommodations shall be of a character and number in compliance with § 32.1-6 (a), (b), (c), except that separate washing facilities are not required where the engine room crew, exclusive of licensed officers, and others separately provided for, does not exceed 10. In cases where an improvement is necessary in the sanitary conditions of such vessels, § 32.1-6 (d) will also apply in principle insofar as space and conditions will permit. 32.1-9 Crew accommodations; tankers and manned tank barges not otherwise provided for — TB/ALL. All tank ships and all manned tank barges not heretofore provided for shall have crew quarters and washing and toilet facilities in keeping with the age, size, facilities and service of the vessel, and suitable for the accommodations and protection of the crew. HULL REQUIREMENTS; NEW TANK VESSELS 32.2-1 Scantlings, material, workmanship — TB/ALL. The hull and deck houses shall be of steel or iron construction except that the pilot house and wood decks over quarters may be constructed of wood. Scantlings, material, and workmanship, subdivision of cargo spaces, fitting of cofferdams, and testing of tanks shall be at least equivalent to the require- ments of the American Bureau of Shipping or other recognized classification society. 32.2-2 Subdivision of cargo space — TB/ALL. The cargo space shall be divided into tight compartments as necessaiy to avoid excessive stresses and to provide stability. 32.2-3 Cofferdams — TB/ALL. Tank vessels equipped to carry Grade A, B, C, or D liquids shall have their galleys, living quarters, general cargo spaces, boiler rooms, and en- closed spaces containing propelling machinery or other machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present, segregated from their cargo tanks by cofferdams or equivalent pump rooms, tanks, or air spaces. 32.2-4 Pump rooms— TB/ALL. Tank vessels handling Grade A, B, C, or D liquids shall have their cargo pumps isolated from all sources of vapor ignition by gas-tight bulk- heads. Totally enclosed motors of the "explosion proof" type, motors ventilated on both (D-17) TANK VESSELS the intake and exhaust by ducts to atmosphere, and engines driven by steam shall not be considered to be sources of vapor ignition. The gastight bulkhead between the pump room and the pump-engine compartment may be pierced by fixed lights, drive shaft and pump- engine control rods, provided that the shafts and rods are fitted with stuffing boxes where they pass through the gas-tight bulkheads. 32.2-5 Living quarters — TB/ALL. Partitions and sheathing shall be of approved fire-resistive construction. 32.2-6 Vessels with independent tanks — TB/ALL. (a) Independent cargo tanks may be located in hold spaces or in other cargo tanks, but in all cases a working space of at least 15 inches shall be provided around such independent tanks, or else provision shall be made for moving them to secure such space. When independent cargo tanks are located in an enclosed space other than a cargo tank, such enclosed space shall be considered as equiva- lent to a pump room, and shall be safeguarded as such, as required in the regulations in this subchapter. (b) Cargo tanks for Grade A liquids having a Reid vapor pressure in excess of 25 pounds shall be independent of the hull. 32.2-7 Construction and testing of cargo tanks and bulkheads — TB/ALL. (a) All cargo tanks to be vented at gauge pressures of 4 pounds per square inch or less shall be con- structed and tested as required by the requirements of the American Bureau of Shipping or other recognized classification society. (b) All cargo tanks to be vented at gauge pressures above 4 pounds per square inch shall be considered as unfired pressure vessels and shall meet the requirements for such vessels as to construction and testing. (c) Gas-tight bulkheads shall be subjected to a thorough hose test. HULL REQUIREMENTS; EXISTING STEEL HULL, TANK VESSELS 32.3-1 Hull requirements; general — TB/ALL. In existing steel hull tank vessels the scantlings, material, and workmanship, the subdivision of cargo spaces, the arrangement of cofferdams, the testing of tanks and cofferdams, shall be at least equivalent to the require- ments of a recognized classification society for the particular service specified in the appli- cation for the certificate of inspection and permit for the transportation of liquid inflammable cargoes in bulk (see §§ 31.3-1 to 31.3-8) as of the date when the tank vessel was built or as of the date when the vessel was converted into a tank vessel. In the absence of such classi- fication requirements, the local inspectors shall satisfy themselves that the vessel's structure as specified in this section is safe for the service to be specified in its certificate of inspection. 32.3-2 Cofferdams — TB/ALL. Tank vessels carrying Grades A, B or C liquids shall be required to conform to new construction requirements in regard to vertical cofferdams, except that a dry cargo compartment shall be considered to be equivalent to a cofferdam, and except as provided for in § 32.3-4. (D-18) TANK VESSELS 32.3-3 Pump rooms — TB/ALL. Tank vessels handling Grades A, B, C, or' D products shall meet the requirements for new vessels. 32.3-4 Pump engine compartment — TB/ALL. No cofferdam will be required between a cargo tank and a compartment containing pumping engines and their auxiliaries which are used exclusively during pumping operations, provided the pumping engine compartment contains no cargo valves and is well ventilated and provided further that internal combustion exhausts within the compartment are completely water jacketed or insulated and that gaso- line engine intakes are fitted with effective flame arresters. 32.3-5 Cargo tanks — TB/ALL. Cargo tanks shall comply with the conditions specified in § 32.2-6 (a), (b), and shall pass the tests required in §§ 32.2-7 (a), (b), (c): Provided, however, That less than 15 inches around such tanks may be accepted if in the judgment of the local inspectors making the inspection a satisfactory inspection of the cargo tanks and hull struc- ture can be made. HULL REQUIREMENTS; EXISTING WOOD HULL, TANK VESSELS 32.4-1 Hull requirements; general — TB/ALL. In existing wood hull tank vessels the scantlings, material, and workmanship, and the fitting and fastening of parts shall be at least equivalent to the requirements of a recognized classification society for the particular service specified in the application for the certificate of inspection and permit for the trans- portation of liquid inflammable cargoes in bulk (see §§ 31.3-1 to 31.3-8) as of the date when the tank vessel was built, or as of the date when the vessel was converted into a tank vessel. In the absence of such classification requirements, the local inspectors shall satisfy them- selves that the vessel's structure as specified in this section is safe for the service to be speci- fied in its certificate of inspection. 32.4-2 Cargo tanks — (a) TB/ALL. Cargo tanks shall be independent of the wood hull, shall be made of steel or iron, except as provided in § 32.4-2 (b), and shall pass the tests required in § 32.2-7 (a) (b). Where cargo tanks in wood hulls are not arranged to provide working space around them they shall be so constructed as to allow inspection of the hull, tanks, and bilges, and they shall be so installed that they can be moved to allow repairs to the hull structure and to themselves. (b) B/LBR. Wood hull tank barges not provided with metal tanks, which prior to the effective date of the regulations in this subchapter (November 10, 1936) were in use in the carriage of inflammable or combustible products in bulk, may be certificated for service until November 10, 1944, subject to the following restrictions: (1) The service of such barges shall be limited to the carriage of combustible products of Grades D and E only. (2) The use of such vessels shall be restricted to the waters over which, in the judgment of the local inspectors, they may be operated without undue hazard. (3) Before such vessels receive a regular certificate of inspection, and at least every 2 years from the date of issue of such regular certificate, they shall be placed on drydock or (D-19) TANK VESSELS hauled out for examination at which time the cargo tanks shall be thoroughly cleaned and the hull searched for leaks and caulked and repaired as necessary. The inspector shall adopt any other means to satisfy himself that the vessel is tight and in good condition. 32.4-3 Electric bonding and grounding of tanks — TB/ALL. All independent cargo tanks in wood hull tank vessels shall be electrically bonded together with stranded copper cable of not less than No. 4 B and S gauge and one end of this cable shall be grounded to a copper or brass plate of not less than 2 square feet in area and one-sixteenth inch in thickness and this plate shall be securely fastened to the hull, on the outside, at a point where it shall be covered by water when the tank vessel is unloaded. 32.4-4 Hold spaces and bulkheads — TB/ALL. In existing wood hull tank vessels con- taining independent cargo tanks for the transportation of Grades A, B, C, or D liquids, the hold spaces shall be considered as equivalent to a pump room and shall be safeguarded and ventilated as such as required in the regulations in this subchapter. Where the hold spaces contain equipment or operations which are sources of vapor ignition, such equipment or operations shall be isolated from other spaces by gas-tight bulkhead or, if it is impracticable to construct a gas-tight bulkhead, two structurally tight bulkheads without openings, sepa- rated by a well-ventilated air space 24 inches wide, where possible may be used. BOILERS AND MACHINERY 32.5-1 Design and construction of boilers — TB/ALL. The design and construction of all boilers, mountings, steam pipes, etc., built on and after January 1, 1935, shall conform to the rules and regulations contained in Parts 50-57. The design and construction of all boilers built prior to January 1, 1935, shall conform to the regulations in effect at the time such boilers were built. Boilers on tank vessels not previously required to be inspected and which were not built according to the specifications of the Bureau, may be considered the same as foreign built boilers as specified in § 52.1-11, and treated as such. 32.5-2 Tests and inspection of boilers and equipment — TB/ALL. Boilers, mountings, steam pipes, etc., shall be tested and inspected in accordance with the rules and regulations contained in Parts 50-57. 32.5-3 Request for increase of steam pressure — TB/ALL. Request for an increase of steam pressure for boilers shall be in accordance with § 57.21-14. 32.5-4 Penalty for overloading safety valves — TB/ALL. The penalty for overloading of safety valves shall be in accordance with § 52.14-6. 32.5-5 Installation of fuel-oil system — TB/ALL. No system for the use of petroleum or other mineral oil on any tank vessel as fuel shall be installed without the approval of the (D-20) TANK VESSELS Bureau. Application for permission to install such fuel-oil systems shall be made to the Bureau on the prescribed blank form together with blue prints, in triplicate. The blue prints shall show the fuel-oil tanks, bracings, pumps, piping, riveting schedule, control valves, control apparatus, vent pipes, suction pipes, and their controls, also the piping and appur- tenances forming part of the fuel-oil burning system, and the test to be applied to all fuel- oil tanks. The applications and blue prints shall be forwarded through the local inspectors of the district where the installation is to be made. The installation of such fuel-oil systems shall comply with the requirements of §§ 55.19-3, 55.19-6, 55.19-15, 55.19-16, except § 55.19-3 (r). All fuel tanks which are independent of the hull shall be constructed so as to conform to the requirements contained in § 32.5-6 (b), Gasoline Fuel Tanks. 32.5-6 Installation of internal combustion engines; new vessels — TB/ALL — (a) En- gines. Gasoline engines, whether for propulsion or for driving auxiliaries, shall have their air intakes so directed that backfire cannot blow down into the bilges. They shall be fitted with effective backfire flame arresters. All carburetors shall be fitted with suitable metal drip collectors. Each internal combustion engine located on the weather deck shall be provided with a ventilated metal hood, or, where space permits, with a well- ventilated metal housing of sufficient size to allow for proper operation and maintenance. (b) Gasoline fuel tanks. (1) The plans and specifications showing the proposed con- struction of all gasoline fuel tanks shall be submitted to the Bureau for approval. All gasoline fuel tanks vented to the atmosphere of capacities in excess of 5 gallons shall be con- structed of metal not less than one-sixteenth inch in thickness, provided, however, tanks constructed of ferrous metal less than three-sixteenths inch in thickness shall be galvanized by the hot dipped process, both inside and outside. Seams shall be riveted, brazed, or welded except that soldered joints may be used on small tanks of 20 gallon or less capacity, provided the solder used has a melting point of not less than 450° F. Tanks shall be provided with swash plates and braces, where necessary. The material used shall be the same as the tank. Cylindrical tanks with longitudinal seams shall be arranged so that such seams are located as near the top as possible. All spuds for pipe connections shall be securely riveted, welded, brazed, or soldered to the tank. No gauge glasses or try cocks shall be fitted to tanks. All tanks shall be securely fastened and shall be arranged as to be readily inspected or movable for inspection. Tanks shall be tested to a pressure of at least 5 pounds per square inch gauge after installation. (2) All gasoline fuel tanks, not vented to the atmosphere, shall be constructed and tested in accordance with § 54.18-12, "Unfired Pressure Vessels," and shall be so installed as (D-21) TANK VESSELS to be secure against movement and to afford easy access for inspection. No gauge glasses or try cocks shall be fitted to tanks. (c) Gasoline fuel piping. The fuel piping for gasoline engines shall comply with Part 55, and in addition it shall also comply with the following requirements: It shall be run in sight whenever practicable, be protected from mechanical injury, and effectively secured against vibration. Shut-off valves or cocks of a suitable type shall be installed in supply lines and located in accessible positions at tanks. Similar shut-off valves shall be located in the supply lines close to the carburetors. No outlets for drawing gasoline shall be permitted in engine compartments. Filling and sounding pipes for fuel tanks shall terminate on deck, and vents shall terminate at least 2 feet above the deck and not less than 3 feet from any opening into living quarters. Filling pipes shall extend nearly to the bottoms of fuel tanks. The cross sectional area of the vent pipes shall not be less than 25 percent of the cross sec- tional area of the filling pipe; all such vent pipes shall be fitted with flame screens or approved flame arresters. 32.5-7 Internal- combustion engine exhaust; new installations — TB/ALL. Exhaust lines from internal-combustion engines, where run through the deck, or through the sides of the superstructure, shall be extended to a height of at least 4 feet above the deck. A spark arrester shall be installed in each exhaust line. Exhaust piping shall be either insulated or water-cooled. 32.5-8 Internal combustion engines; existing installations — TB/ALL. Existing instal- lations of internal combustion engines and their exhausts shall comply with §§ 32.5-6, 32.5-7 where necessary in the interest of safety. 32.5-9 Auxiliary machinery — TB/ALL. All tank ships shall be provided with the necessary auxiliary machinery, pumps, and piping systems for the safe and efficient operation of the vessel. All such installations shall comply with the rules and regulations as contained in Parts 52-57 and be at least equivalent to the requirements of a recognized classification society. 32.5-10 Bilge pumps for tank barges — (a) B/ALL. All tank barges shall be provided with means for removing bilge water from all parts of the vessel other than the cargo tanks. (b) B/BR. On unmanned barges, bilge pumps, hand or power operated, either fixed or portable, and located on the barge or towing vessel, may be accepted as suitable means for pumping out spaces other than cargo tanks. When such barges are towed in flotilla and attended by a towing vessel at all times, suitable siphons, portable or fixed, carried aboard the barge or on the towing vessel, may be accepted. 32.5-11 Extra steering apparatus — T/ALL. (a) Extra steering apparatus consisting of relieving tackles or tiller shall be provided for all tank ships: Provided, That where a tank ship is equipped with auxiliary power or hand steering gear attached to the rudder entirely (D-22) TANK VESSELS independent of the regular steering gear, it may be used in lieu of the relieving tackles or tiller required above. (b) Where reasonable and practicable, the emergency steering wheel on all new and exist- ing tank ships shall be located on the after weather deck. 32.5-12 Examination of tail shaft — T/OC. The outboard shaft or shafts on every ocean or coastwise tank ship shall be drawn for examination once at least in every 3 years: Provided, That if the circumstances warrant it, the supervising inspector of the district may extend this time to the next regular drydocking period, not to exceed 4 months, and: Pro- vided further , That when it is shown that a vessel has had a long period of lay-up, the super- vising inspector of the district may grant an extension equal to the time the vessel has been out of commission, but in no case shall the extension exceed 1 year. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION 32.6-1 Electrical installation; general; new vessels — TB/ALL. (a) The electrical installation on a new tank vessel shall be in compliance with §§ 32.6-1 to 32.6-3, and to the extent that such installation is not covered by §§ 32.6-1 to 32.6-3 it shall be at least equivalent to the Bureau's general requirements. (b) Where practicable, electrical cable is to be located well inboard from the sides, preferably along or near the center line, to reduce the risk of injury in the event of collision, but it shall be kept clear of cargo tank openings. Feeders shall be run as far as practicable to avoid cargo pump rooms and enclosed spaces immediately adjoining cargo tanks. (c) No ground connections may be used in any part of electrical circuits except detecting lamps on switch boards. The armor on all cables shall be electrically and mechanically continuous. (d) Switch boards, distributing panels, switches, fuses, and other circuit-interrupting devices are not to be fitted in cargo pump rooms or enclosed spaces immediately adjoining cargo tanks. Portable extension cables and fittings are to be of an approved type. (e) Main distribution circuits shall be protected against overload by circuit breaking devices, the capacity of which shall be marked at each such device. 32.6-2 Electrical installation; cargo pump rooms; new vessels — TB/ALL. (a) The electrical installation in a cargo pump room or in any enclosed space immediately adjoining cargo tanks on a new vessel shall meet requirements as follows: (b) Wiring is to be leaded and armored and shall be run through approved gas-tight fittings having stuffing glands at inlets and outlets. (c) Joints in wiring shall be made only in wiring appliances, such as junction boxes, outlet boxes, etc., and such boxes shall be completely metallic and shall be gas-tight. (d) Lighting fixtures shall be of approved type. (e) Electric motors shall be of approved type either totally enclosed or ventilated to the atmosphere by suction and discharge air ducts. Separately ventilated motors are to have (D-23) TANK VESSELS pressure type ventilation and shall be arranged with an automatic shut-off to open the circuit when the ventilating fan motor stops. The system is to be so interlocked that the pump motor cannot be started prior to a circulation of air. The air ducts are to lead to and from the atmosphere outside the pump room and are to terminate not less than 3 feet above the deck and not less than 6 feet from any cargo tank vent. 32.6-3 Location of storage batteries; new vessels — TB/ALL. Storage batteries shall not be located in cargo pump rooms. The space in which they are located shall be well ventilated and they shall be protected against mechanical and electrical injury including short circuiting and overloading. Batteries shall be secured against movement, and acid batteries shall be set in lead-lined trays at least 3 inches deep of at least 4-pound sheet lead. 32.6-4 Electrical installation; general; existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. The present electrical installation of existing tank vessels may be accepted if in the judgment of the in- spector such installations are found to be safe and in good mechanical condition, and to com- ply with the regulations in effect when the vessel was built, or to the requirements of a recog- nized classification society. All portable extension cables and fittings shall be of an approved type. Any major change in the present electrical installation or any conversion shall comply with §§ 32.6-1 to 32.6-3. 32.6-5 Electrical installation; cargo pump rooms; existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. The electrical installation in the pump rooms and enclosed spaces immediately adjoining cargo tanks (except in pump engine rooms as provided in § 32.3-4) of existing tank vessels shall be made to comply with §§ 32.6-1 to 32.6-4, to the extent that the changes required are, in the opinion of the local inspectors, necessary in the interests of safety. VENTILATION AND VENTING 32.7-1 Ventilation; new vessels — TB/ALL. All enclosed parts of the vessel other than cargo, fuel, and water tanks and cofferdams shall be provided with efficient means of ventila- tion. Pump rooms and compartments containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present shall be ventilated in such a way as to remove vapors from points near the floor level or the- bilges. Effective steam or air actuated gas ejectors or blowers or ventilators fitted with heads for natural ventilation, will be approved for this purpose. 32.7-2 Ventilation; existing vessels — TB/ALL. Ventilation of existing tank vessels shall be made to equal the requirements of new vessels where the changes are, in the opinion of the local inspectors, necessary in the interests of safety. (D-24) TANK VESSELS 32.7-3 Ventilation; hold space — TB/ALL. Hold spaces containing independent cargo tanks shall be considered to be equivalent to cargo pump rooms and shall be ventilated and safeguarded as such. 32.7-4 Venting of cargo tanks; new vessels — TB/ALL. (a) Each cargo tank of a tank vessel shall be equipped with a vent. (b) Cargo tanks in which Grade A liquids are to be transported shall be fitted with a venting system consisting of branch vent line from each cargo tank connected to a vent header which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck and be fitted with a flame arrester or pressure-vacuum relief valve. Each branch vent line may be provided with a manually operated control valve, provided it is by-passed with a pressure-vacuum relief valve or each cargo tank to which such a branch vent line is connected is fitted with an inde- pendent pressure-vacuum relief valve. In barges with independent tanks carrying Grade A liquids, separate discharge pipes may be fitted to each pressure-vacuum relief valve, or the pressure-vacuum relief valve may be elevated so that in either case the discharge from such valve will not be less than 7 feet above the deck where practicable. (c) Cargo tanks in which Grades B or C liquids are to be transported shall be fitted with individual pressure-vacuum relief valves or shall be fitted with a venting system con- sisting of branch vent lines connected to a vent header which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck and be fitted with a flame arrester or a pressure-vacuum relief valve at the outlet to the atmosphere. (d) Cargo tanks in which Grades D or E liquids only are to be transported shall be fitted with goosenecked vents and flame screens unless such tanks are vented by pressure-vacuum relief valves or a venting system of branch vent lines and a vent header. 32.7-5 Venting of cargo tanks fitted with inert gas system — TB/ALL. Tank vessels equipped with an approved system for maintaining all cargo tank vapor spaces noninflam- mable shall be accepted in lieu of the requirements of § 32.7^4. 32.7-6 Venting of cofferdam; new vessels — TB/ALL. Cofferdams shall be provided with gooseneck vents fitted with screen or pressure-vacuum relief valves. 32.7-7 Venting of bunker tanks; new vessels— TB/ALL. Bunker tanks shall be vented in accordance with § 55.19-15. 32.7-8 Minimum size of vent pipes; new vessels — TB/ALL. Vent pipes from tanks, cofferdams, and bunkers shall be not less than 2){ inches in diameter. 32.7-9 Venting of cargo tanks; existing vessels — TB/ALL. The venting of cargo tanks of existing vessels shall be made to equal the requirements of new vessels where the (D-25) TANK VESSELS changes are, in the opinion of the local inspectors, necessary in the interests of safety: Pro- vided, That on existing vessels carrying Grade A cargo no relaxation shall be allowed from new ship requirements. CARGO PUMPS AND CARGO PIPING 32.8-1 Cargo pumps; new vessels — TB/ALL. Cargo pumps shall be designed and installed to minimize the danger of sparking. Special care shall be exercised in the design of packing spaces in order to secure ample depth and accessibility of glands. Where cargo pump shafts pierce gas-tight bulkheads, stuffing boxes with readily accessible gas-tight glands shall be provided. 32.8-2 Cargo pump fittings and controls; new vessels — TB/ALL. (a) A suitable relief valve shall be installed in the discharge of each cargo pump and piped back into the suction. (b) A pressure gauge shall be installed for each pump discharge, and it shall be located at a point visible with respect to the pump controls. (c) Means shall be provided for controlling the cargo or pump room bilge pumps and their suctions and discharges in order that a flooded pump room may be pumped out. Suit- able portable or fixed air-driven or hand-operated pumps may be accepted as complying with this provision. 32.8-3 Cargo pumps; existing vessels with independent cargo tanks — TB/ALL. (a) Cargo pumps on existing vessels may be located in a hold space containing independent cargo tanks or on deck. If the pump driving unit is of the type permitted in cargo pump rooms, it also may be located in the hold space. If other types of driving units are used, they shall be located on deck or in an engine compartment. If the pump drive shaft passes through decks or bulkheads into a hold space or pump room, it shall be provided with suitable stuffing boxes at such points. (b) Cargo pumps on existing vessels may be connected to bilges in hold spaces containing independent cargo tanks: Provided, That such suction branch is fitted with two valves, one of which shall be of a non-return screw-down type. 32.8-4 Cargo piping; new vessels — TB/ALL. (a) Pipe lines shall be carefully fitted to avoid stresses at the joints. For sizes above 2 inches in diameter, flanged, welded, or other approved connections shall be made throughout and packing shall be of a material suitable for the cargo carried. Connections at oil-tight bulkheads or other divisions shall be made in such manner that the plating does not form part of a flanged joint. Cargo pipe lines shall not pass through spaces containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present. Pipe lines may be carried through bunker spaces by providing a pipe tunnel or alley. The alley or tunnel may be eliminated where extra heavy pipe is used and where the pipe is bent to take care of expansion and contraction. (D-26) TANK VESSELS (b) Where the pump room bilge suction is connected to the cargo pump, two valves shall be fitted in this suction branch, one of which shall be of a non-return screw-down type. (c) Valve operating rods in the cargo tanks shall be solid and of ample size, well guided and supported, and attached to the valve stems in a manner to guard against their working loose. Where such valve rods pass through the deck, gas-tight stuffing boxes shall be fitted. The leads of valve rods shall be as direct as possible. All valves and fittings shall be of ma- terial, design, and manufacture for the intended service on the cargo system; either rising or nonrising stem valves may be used. 32.8-5 Cargo pumps and piping; existing vessels — TB/ALL. Cargo pumps and piping which do not fully comply with the regulations in this subchapter shall be made as nearly equal to the requirements for new vessels as is necessary in the interests of safety. Cargo pipe lines may pass through cargo pump engine compartments on existing vessels provided no cargo valves are located therein. EQUIPMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS 32.9-1 Vessel's name on equipment — TB/ALL. The equipment of all tank vessels, such as fire hose, fire axes, boats, rafts, life preservers, and floats, shall be painted or branded with the name of the vessel upon which they are used. 32.9-2 Whistles — T/ALL. Each tank ship shall be provided with an efficient whistle sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam to give the necessary whistle signals. All whistles shall be placed at an elevation of not less than 6 feet above the top of the pilot house, where the clearance for passing under bridges will permit it. Tank ships navigating the Red River of the North, Yukon, and similar rivers, and rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, and tank ships of less than 100 gross tons may have their whistles located not less than 2 feet above the tops of their pilot houses, such whistles or substitutes shall be satisfactory in sound and source of power for the purpose intended. 32.9-3 Fog bells — TB/ALL. The efficient fog bell required upon vessels by law shall be held to mean a bell not less than 8 inches in diameter from outside to outside and con- structed of bronze or brass or other material equal thereto in tone and volume of sound, and located where the sound shall be the least obstructed. 32.9-4 Interior communication systems — T/ALL. (a) Vessels using the bell signals between the pilot house and engine room shall have a tube of proper size so arranged as to return the sound of the bell signals to the pilot house, and shall also be provided with a speaking tube or other device for the purpose of conversation between pilot house and engine room. (b) Voice tubes or telephone equipment installed on new or existing vessels or fitted as replacements on existing vessels to provide communication between the pilot house and (1) the emergency steering station, (2) the steering engine room, and (3) the engine room, shall conform to the following requirements. (D-27) TANK VESSELS (c) Where the length of voice tube required exceeds 125 feet, or if for other reasons efficient communication cannot be obtained by a voice tube installation, telephone equipment shall be substituted. (d) Where the length of the voice tube as installed is not over 75 feet, the tube used shall be at least 2 inches in diameter. Installations having a length of over 75 feet shall be at least 2}i inches in diameter. (e) All voice tubes and voice tube fittings shall be of noncorrodible metal, and flexible tubes or bends shall be used in place of fittings wherever possible. Joints in tubing shall be made with white lead, and tubes shall be supported at least every 8 feet on straight leads and on bends as required. (f) Voice tubes shall be protected where liable to injury and shall not be run in bunkers, cargo spaces, or through machinery spaces unless unavoidable, and they shall be amply protected by metal or heavy sheathing. They shall be provided at the lower end of all risers and in pockets where water can collect with suitable plugs for draining. Flexible terminal tubes, where used, shall have an entire metal inner surface. Voice tubes should be fitted with elliptical belled mouthpieces with hinged covers, with a whistle indicator on the side of the mouthpiece. All voice tubes shall be provided with designating name plates. Telephone equipment may in all cases be installed in lieu of voice tubes. (g) All telephone transmitters and receivers shall be of sound powered type designed especially for marine use. The Bureau shall approve and list equipment which, if properly installed, will meet the requirements set forth herein. The type number and model shall be plainly stamped on the equipment. (h) A call signal shall be provided at each telephone station. This signal may be a bell or other sound device which provides a distinctive signal throughout the space where the telephone is installed. At installations which are protected by watertight boxes, all signals shall be of such character as to comply with the above when the box is closed. Ringers, if located outside the box, must be of watertight construction. Installations on new and existing vessels shall be provided with call signals which are actuated by the operation of a magneto generator at the calling station, except that sound powered replacements of battery operated telephone equipment on existing vessels may be provided with battery operated call signals. In all cases the calling circuit shall allow any one station to call any other station individually. (i) At each telephone installation a suitable hanger for the handset shall be provided. It shall be constructed in such a way as to hold the handset firmly in place and away from the bulkhead. The handset shall not be dislodged from the hanger by the motion of the ship or by a severe shock near the mounting. (j) Telephones installed at external locations exposed to the weather or in locations subject to severe moisture conditions shall be enclosed in a substantial watertight cast metal box. The cover shall be hinged at the bottom of the box and when closed shall be fastened by a simple substantial mechanism which, when operated, exerts sufficient pressure to make (D 28) TANK VESSELS watertight closure. The gasket shall be fastened to and inserted in the edge of the box or cover. The magneto generator and switches shall be of watertight construction. The generator and all switches shall be installed inside the box. (k) At other locations where a watertight box is not required, the telephone equipment shall be of splashproof construction and shall be so installed as to minimize possibility of damage by external means. In engine rooms a booth or other suitable auxiliary equipment shall be provided, if necessary, in order that a telephone conversation can be carried on while vessel is being navigated. (1) The system shall be installed independent of any other systems of communication or of wiring, but may be extended to cover any other locations which are necessary or de- sirable. Telephone cable shall be of a type suitable for marine use and shall be run as close to the fore and aft center line of the vessel as possible, and protected from external damage. On passenger vessels where telephone cable must, due to the vessel's construction, run closer than one-fifth of the beam to the side, port and starboard cables shall be provided and con- nected in parallel. It shall be so installed as to minimize ingress of water and dampness. (m) The talking circuit shall be electrically independent of the calling circuit. A short or open circuit or a ground on either side of the calling circuit shall not affect the talking circuit in any way. (n) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the use of the so-called tele- graph now in use for conveying signals from the pilot house to the engine room, but in all cases where the telegraph is used the signal shall be repeated back. (o) Signal apparatus between pilot house, engine room, steering engine room, and emergency steering stations- — whether they be telegraph, bell, whistle, telephone, or voice tube — shall be examined and tested at each annual inspection. 32.9-5 Alarm bells — (a) T/ALL. The sleeping accommodations of all tank ships of over 100 gross tons shall be equipped with a sufficient number of alarm bells so located as to warn all occupants. The alarm bells, if electric, shall be operated from a switch located in the pilot house or on the bridge, such switch to be marked to indicate the on and off position. The bells shall be of such size, character, and construction as to provide an alarm throughout the spaces for which they are provided. (b) B/OC. Each tank barge of over 100 gross tons, where the crew is divided into watches for the purpose of steering the vessel, shall be provided with a suitable alarm bell installation. 32.9-6 Sounding machines — T/OCL. All tank ships of 500 gross tons and over shall be equipped with an efficient mechanical deep-sea sounding apparatus, in addition to the ordinary deep-sea hand lead. The mechanical deep-sea sounding apparatus above required shall be installed, kept in working order, and ready for immediate use: Provided, That tank vessels of less than 1,500 gross tons navigating the Great Lakes exclusively need not be equipped with deep-sea sounding apparatus as required by this section. (D-29) 327208°— 42 3 TANK VESSELS 32.9-7 Deck life line — TB/OCLB. On all tank vessels where the distance is more than 150 feet between deck houses, a wire cable shall be stretched between the deck houses at all times when the vessel is loaded and being navigated, this cable to be not less than 5 feet from the deck; and there shall be attached at all times to the cable a traveler with a line of sufficient continuous length to insure its operation in order that communication be- tween both ends of the vessel may be facilitated at all times: Provided, That in addition to the traveler with the endless whip, as many loose rings with lanyards attached may be placed on the cable as may be deemed necessary by the master in charge of the vessel: Provided, That a fore and aft raised bridge shall be accepted in lieu of the wire cable and traveler. 32.9-8 Guards at dangerous places — TB/ALL. It shall be the duty of the inspectors when inspecting a vessel to see that all exposed and dangerous places, such as gears and machinery, are properly protected with covers, guards, or rails, in order that the danger of accidents may be minimized, and on vessels equipped with radio (wireless) the lead-ins shall be efficiently incased or insulated to insure the protection of persons from accidental shock. Such lead-ins shall be located as not to interfere with the launching of lifeboats and life rafts. 32.9-9 Seagoing barges — B/OC. Every seagoing barge shall be equipped with at least one anchor with suitable chain or cable to be at least equivalent to the requirements of the American Bureau of Shipping rules. 32.9-10 Cargo hose — TB/ALL. Cargo hose, when carried on tank vessels, shall be of a grade suitable for oil service, and designed to withstand 100 pounds per square inch minimum working pressure. (D-30) PART 33.— LIFESAVING APPLIANCES Sec. General 33.1-1 Inspection— TB/ALL. 33.1-2 New and existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. 33.1-3 Responsibility of master— TB/ALL. 33.1-4 Approval for repairs and alterations — TB/ALL. Requirements for Lifeboats, Life Rafts, and Buoy- ant Apparatus 33.2-1 Tank ships; ocean— T/O. 33.2-2 Barges; ocean— B/O. 33.2-3 Tank ships; coastwise— T/O. 33.2-4 Barges; coastwise — B/C. 33.2-5 Tank vessels; Great Lakes— TB/L. 33.2-6 Tank vessels; bays, sounds, lakes other than Great Lakes, and rivers— TB/BR. 33.2-7 Tank vessels; short voyages beyond certificated waters — TB/LB. Equipment; Lifeboats, Life Rafts, and Buoyant Apparatus 33.3-1 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; ocean and coastwise — T/OC. 33.3-2 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; Great Lakes— T/L. 33.3-3 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; bays, sounds, lakes other than Great Lakes, and rivers — T/BR. 33.3-4 Barges; lifeboat equipment, all waters — B/ALL. 33.3-5 Tank ships; life raft equipment, ocean, coastwise — T/OC. 33.3-6 Life raft equipment— T/L. 33.3-7 Tank vessels; life raft equipment, bays and rivers — TB/BR. 33.3-8 Equipment for buoyant apparatus — TB/ALL. Stowage; Lifeboats, Life Rafts, and Buoyant Apparatus 33.4-1 Davits and launching devices. 33.4-2 Boat davit falls— T/ALL. Sec. 33.4-3 33.4-4 33.5-1 33.5-2 33.5-3 33.5-4 33.5-5 33.5-6 33.5-7 33.6-1 33.6-2 33.6-3 33.6-4 33.7-1 33.7-2 33.7-3 33.7-4 33.8-1 33.8-2 33.9-1 33.9-2 33.9-3 33.9-4 33.9-5 Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching — TB/ALL. Stowage of the boats and rafts. Care and Inspection, Lifeboats, Life Rafts, and Buoy- ant Apparatus Preparation for voyage — TB/ALL. Numbering and marking of lifeboats — TB/ALL. Marking of life rafts— TB/ALL. Overhaul— TB/ALL. Maintenance— TB/ALL. Person in charge of each boat — TB/OCLB. Certificated lifeboatmen in each boat — TB/OCLB. Life Preservers Number required — TB/ALL. Type— TB/ALL. Stowage of life preservers — TB/ALL. Inspection — TB/ALL. Life Buoys Number required; tank ships — T/ALL. Number required; tank barges — B/ALL. Location, distribution, and securing of life buoys — TB/ALL. Attachment of water lights — TB/ALL. Distress Lights and Signaling Lamp Distress lights— T/ALL and B/OC. Signaling lamp— T/OC Line-throwing Gun Requirements; ocean and coastwise; tank ships — T/OO. Line-carrying gun equipment for mounted gun — T/OC. Line-carrying gun equipment for shoulder gun — T/OO. Service recommendations — T/OC. Placard instructions — T/OC. GENERAL Section 33.1-1 Inspection — TB/ALL. At each annual inspection and at any other time as required in the judgment of the local inspectors, all life-saving appliances on the tank vessel shall be inspected. 33.1-2 New and existing tank vessels — TB/ALL. All tank vessels subject to the regulations in this subchapter shall have lifeboats, disengaging apparatus, life rafts, life preservers, and all other life-saving apparatus in accordance with the regulations in this subchapter: Provided, however, That all life-saving apparatus which is of the character that complied with the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, pursuant to title 52 of the Revised Statutes, on vessels in existence at the time that the regulations in this subchapter are promulgated and have been in use on such vessels, may be approved by the local inspectors, where such existing life-saving equipment and apparatus are found (D-31) TANK VESSELS to be in good and workable condition. Where such existing life-saving equipment and apparatus are not found to be in good and workable condition, they shall be repaired or else replaced by life-saving equipment and apparatus of the latest approved type, as required by the regulations in this subchapter. Where such existing life-saving equipment and appa- ratus are found to be in good and workable condition but deficient as to quantity or numbers, the additional quantity or numbers required by the regulations in this subchapter shall be of the latest approved type. 33.1-3 Responsibility of master — TB/ALL. It shall be the duty of the master or officer in charge to see that the boats, rafts, davits, falls, life preservers, and other life-saving appliances are at all times ready for use. 33.1-4 Approval for repairs and alterations — TB/ALL. No extensive repairs or altera- tions, except in emergency, shall be made to any lifeboat, lifeboat disengaging apparatus, life raft, or other appliance subject to inspection, without advance notice to the local inspectors. Such repairs or alterations shall so far as is practicable be made with materials and tested in the manner specified in the rules in this subchapter for new construction. Emergency repairs or alterations shall be reported as soon as practicable to the local inspectors in the district where the vessel may call after such repairs are made; nor shall any lifeboat or life raft be reconditioned or used on a tank vessel other than that for which it was built, without notice to and supervision by the local inspectors in the district wherein such reconditioning or repairs are to be made. REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, AND BUOYANT APPARATUS 33.2-1 Tank ships; ocean — T/O. All tank ships which normally operate more than 20 miles offshore shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats on each side to accommodate all persons on board. No boat shall be of less than 180 cubic feet measurement. 33.2-2 Barges; ocean — B/O. All tank barges which normally operate more than 20 miles offshore shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats to accommodate all persons on board. No boat shall be of less than 125 cubic feet measurement. 33.2-3 Tank ships; coastwise — T/C. All tank ships which normally operate 20 miles or less offshore shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats on each side to accommodate all persons on board. No boat shall be of less than 180 cubic feet measurement except by ap- proval of the Bureau. 33.2-4 Barges; coastwise — B/C. All tank barges which normally operate 20 miles or less offshore shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats to accommodate all persons on board. No boat on a tank barge of 100 gross tons or over shall be of less than 125 cubic feet measurement, except by approval of the Bureau. No boat on a tank barge of less than 100 gross tons shall be of less than 90 cubic feet measurement, except by approval of the Bureau. 33.2-5 Tank vessels; Great Lakes — TB/L. (a) All tank vessels operating on the waters of the Great Lakes shall carry a sufficient number of lifeboats to accommodate all persons on board. No boat on a tank vessel of 100 gross tons or over shall be of less than 90 cubic feet measurement except by approval of the Bureau. No boat on a tank vessel of less than 100 gross tons shall be of less than 60 cubic feet measurement. (D-32) TANK VESSELS (b) All tank ships of 300 gross tons and over, operating on the waters of the Great Lakes, shall carry in addition to their lifeboat equipment, one approved and fully equipped life raft of suitable size, with one self-igniting water light; the raft to be stowed in a manner to allow same to float clear in the event of sinking of the vessel. The self-igniting water light need not be attached to the raft, but when the self-igniting water light is not attached to the raft, a snap hook shall be provided for this purpose: Provided, however, That all tank ships of 300 gross tons or over operating on the waters of the Great Lakes which are equipped with lifeboats in accordance with section 33.2-1 or 33.2-3 shall be exempt from this requirement. 33.2-6 Tank vessels; bays, sounds, lakes other than Great Lakes, and rivers — TB/BR. All tank vessels operating exclusively on bays, sounds, lakes (other than the Great Lakes), rivers, harbors, or inland waters tributary to the Gulf of Mexico, shall carry boats, rafts, or buoyant apparatus of sufficient number to accommodate all persons on board. No boat shall be of less than 60 cubic feet measurement. The minimum size of any piece of buoyant apparatus shall be such as to accommodate at least five persons. 33.2-7 Tank vessels; short voyages beyond certificated waters — TB/LB. The local inspectors may issue permits to tank vessels of less than 100 gross tons which are certificated for lake, bay and sound routes, to engage on short voyages to points beyond such waters, but not more than 15 miles from the port of refuge, provided that such vessels are equipped with a sufficient number of lifeboats, rafts, or buoyant apparatus to accommodate all persons on board. No lifeboat shall be of less than 60 cubic feet measurement. The minimum size of any life raft or piece of buoyant apparatus shall be such as to accommodate at least five persons. EQUIPMENT; LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, AND BUOYANT APPARATUS 33.3-1 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; ocean and coastwise — T/OC. Lifeboats, except those hereinafter specified, shall be equipped as follows: (a) Bailer. One bailer of sufficient size and suitable for bailing, with lanyard attached. (b) Boat hooks. Two boat hooks of clear-grained white ash of suitable length, but not less than 8 feet by 1 % inches in diameter. This applies to new and replacement require- ments. (c) Bucket. One galvanized iron bucket of about 2 gallons capacity, with lanyard attached. (d) Compass. One efficient liquid compass with not less than a 2-inch card. (e) Distress lights. A watertight metal case containing 12 self-igniting red lights capable of burning and giving forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 500 candle power for at least 2 minutes. Each distress light shall be treated and made impervious to moisture, and the manufacturer shall place upon it a statement in clear, black letters covering the candle power and burning range, the directions for firing, the trade name of the distress light, and the name and address of the manufacturer. The container shall be constructed of 18-ounce or No. 22 B. W. G. copper, or equal noncorrodible metal, lock-jointed and (D-33) TANK VESSELS soldered, the bottom to be rolled in and soldered. The cover or top, of cast brass not less than % inch in thickness and 5 inches in diameter, shall be so constructed as to be easily removed, and made watertight by a fitted rubber gasket. (f) Ditty bag. One canvas bag containing sailmaker's palm, needles, sail twine, mar- line, and marline spike. (g) Drinking cups. Two enameled drinking cups. (h) Flashlight. One approved flashlight contained in a portable, watertight metal case. The case shall be constructed of 18-ounce, or No. 22 gage B. W. G. copper or equal noncorrosive metal, lock-jointed and soldered, bottom to be rolled in and soldered, cover or top to be made of cast brass not less than one-eighth of an inch thick to fit down on a rubber gasket to make container watertight. The cover shall be so constructed as to be easily removed. Means should be taken to cushion the flashlight and prevent contact with the metal sides of the container. The flashlights shall be of all metal, rugged construction, of focusing type with a reflector head of about 2 inches in diameter. One extra lamp shall be provided for the flashlight. The batteries for the standard three-cell type shall be of the sal-ammoniac type with depol- arizer. They shall have a nonspillable electrolyte and be free from leakage during the useful life of the cell. They shall be of the tubular construction, comprising three cells assembled in line, end to end, in a suitable close-fitting tube or jacket of news, chip, or strawboard. The brass cap on the carbon rod and the zinc bottom of the cell shall serve as the terminals. The batteries shall be marked with the "trade name of the cell, the name of the manufacturer or trade-mark number, or other designations of size, the date of manufacture, and the date of expiration of a guaranteed period for U. S. Marine Service." The batteries shall not be continued in use for lifeboat equipment for a period exceeding 1 year from the date of manufacture. The flashlight batteries allowed under the specification shall be of a quality to meet the National Bureau of Standards' tests as to voltage, capacity, delayed service tests, and re- quired performance. (i) Hatchets. Two single-edged hatchets attached by lanyards and readily available, one at each end of the boat. (j) Illuminating oil. One gallon illuminating oil in metal container. (k) Lantern. One lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least 9 hours and ready for immediate use. (1) Life line. A life line, or grab line, properly secured the entire length on each side festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight. The life line shall be of a size and strength not less than 12-thread manila rope, and the seine float in each bight shall hang to within 12 inches of the surface of the water when the boat is light. (m) Life preservers. Two life preservers. These life preservers are in addition to the vessel's equipment of life preservers. (D-34) TANK VESSELS (n) Locker. A suitable locker or box for the storage and preservation of the small items of equipment. (o) Mast and sails. A mast or masts with at least 1 good sail, and proper gear for each, the sail and gear to be protected by a suitable canvas cover. (p) Matches. One box of safety matches in a water-tight container, and carried in a box secured to the underside of the stern thwart, or stowed in locker. (q) Oars. A single banked complement of oars, two spare oars, and a steering oar with a rowlock or becket conforming to the following requirements for new and replacement equipment: Minimum number and length of oars Length of boat Number Spare of oars oars 4 2 4 2 4 2 6 2 6 2 Total, includ- ing steering oar Rowing oars (feet) Steering oars (feet) 16 feet and under 18 feet 18 feet and under 20 feet 20 feet and under 24 feet 24 feet and under 28 feet 28 feet and over 10 11 13 14 15 12 13 14 15 16 Motor lifeboats and lifeboats fitted with propellers operated by hand shall be equipped with 4 oars and 1 steering oar. (r) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference and a length not less than 3 times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (s) Plugs and pumps. Drain holes, fitted with automatic plugs, shall be provided with 2 caps attached by chains. Decked lifeboats shall have no plug-hole, but shall be provided with at least 2 bilge pumps. (t) Propellers (hand-operated). Lifeboats may be fitted with a hand-operated pro- peller of an approved type, but all lifeboats having a capacity of 60 or more persons shall be fitted with a hand-operated propeller of an approved type. The hand-propelling gear shall be substantially constructed and fitted in the boat in an efficient manner and be such that the boat may be readily maneuvered away from the ship's side after being launched and steerageway maintained, under adverse weather con- ditions. The gear shall be of such character that it may be operated by persons untrained in its use. It shall be such that it can be operated satisfactorily when the boat is partially flooded and will be effective in propelling a boat fully or partially loaded. The above propelling gear shall be required in all such lifeboats fitted on new vessels and to the lifeboat replacements on existing vessels. (u) Provisions. An airtight receptable containing 2 pounds of provisions for each person. These provisions may be of hard bread or its equivalent in any approved emergency (D-35) TANK VESSELS ration of cereal or vegetable compound. No meat or other ration requiring saline preserva- tive shall be allowed. The receptabie shall be of metal, fitted with an opening in the top not less than 5 inches in diameter properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass with machine thread and an attached double toggle, seating to a pliable rubber or felt gasket, which shall insure a tight joint. (v) Rowlocks. One set and a half of thole pins or rowlocks attached to the lifeboat by separate chains. (w) Rudder. One rudder having either tiller or yoke and yoke lines. The rudder shall be made of clear straight-grained oak or fir and shall be stiffened across the bottom edge by a piece of wood of the same character, properly secured. Pintles shall be strapped to the wood and through fastened and be so adjusted that the lower pintle will project at least iy 2 inches more below its gudgeon than does the upper one. (x) Sea anchor. One sea anchor constructed of good quality canvas or other satis- factory material; and, if of circular pattern shall be not less than 2 feet in diameter for life- boats 26 feet long and under. In larger boats the diameter of the sea anchor shall not be less than 2 feet 6 inches. Sea anchors for replacements and new equipment must comply with the above. (y) Signal pistol. (1) An approved signal pistol outfit consisting of an approved pistol with lanyard attached and 12 approved parachute signal cartridges, both contained in an approved portable watertight metal case, the cartridge to contain a projectile which will give forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 20,000 candle power and capable of being projected vertically to a height of not less than 150 feet and of not less than 30 seconds burning duration. (2) The stowage of this equipment, except in the emergency and motor lifeboats, is discretionary with the master. (3) On ocean tank ships signal pistol equipment need not be provided for more than two lifeboats. (4) On coastwise tank ships signal pistol equipment need not be provided for more than one lifeboat. (z) Storm oil. One container holding 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil, so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. (aa) Water breakers. Wooden breakers or suitable tanks fitted with spigots for draw- ing water and containing at least 1 quart of water for each person. 33.3-2 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; Great Lakes — T/L. All lifeboats on vessels operating on the Great Lakes shall carry the following equipment: (a) Bailer. One bailer. (b) Boat hooks. One boat hook attached to a staff of suitable length. (c) Bucket. One galvanized iron bucket with lanyard attached. (d) Compass. One efficient liquid compass with not less than a 2-inch card. (D 36) TANK VESSELS (e) Distress lights. A watertight metal case containing 12 self-igniting red lights capable of burning at least 2 minutes and to give forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 500 candle power, signals to be treated and made impervious to moisture. The container shall be constructed of 18-ounce or No. 22 B. W. G. copper or equal noncorrosive metal, lock-jointed and soldered, bottom to be rolled in and soldered, cover or top to be made of cast brass not less than one-eighth of an inch thick and 5 inches in diameter, to fit down on rubber gasket to make container watertight. The cover shall be so constructed as to be easily removed. Either a flashlight or a signal pistol with 12 lights may be substituted for 6 of the above distress lights, but at least 6 of the above lights shall be carried. (f) Flashlight. (Optional, see Distress Lights.) One standard 3-cell focusing flash- light and 3 extra standard batteries contained in a portable, watertight, metal case. The flashlights for lifeboats shall be of all metal, rugged construction, of focusing type with a reflector head of about 2 inches in diameter. The reflector shall have a true parabolic sur- face, coated with a heavy silver polished plate, free from mars and dents, and protected by a coat of clear lacquer. The flashlight shall be provided with one extra lamp, and all external parts of the flashlight shall be protected by a heavy nickel-plating or a black baked-on lacquer or enamel. The flashlight batteries shall be of the sal-ammoniac type with depolarizer. They shall have a nonspillable electrolyte and be free from leakage during the useful life of the cell. They shall be of the tubular construction, comprising three cells assembled in line, end to end, in a suitable close-fitting tube or jacket of news, chip, or strawboard. The brass cap on the carbon rod and the zinc bottom of the cell shall serve as the terminals. The batteries shall be marked with the "trade name of the cell, the name of the manufac- turer, or trade-mark number, or other designations of size, the date of manufacture, and the date of expiration of a guarantee period for U. S. Marine Service." Local or assistant inspectors making annual or reinspections shall satisfy themselves that such flashlight equipments are in condition to warrant the belief that same are efficient for emergency use between the date of such inspection and the next following inspection or reinspection date. The batteries, however, shall not be continued in use for lifeboat equipment for a period exceeding 1 year from the date of manufacture. The flashlight batteries allowed under this specification shall be of a quality to meet the United States Bureau of Standards' tests as to voltage, capacity, delayed service tests, and required performance. (g) Hatchets. Two hatchets. (h) Illuminating oil. One can containing 1 gallon of illuminating oil. (i) Lantern. One lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least 9 hours, and ready for immediate use. (j) Life line. A properly secured life line the entire length on each side, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight. The life line shall be of a size and strength not less than 12-thread manila rope, and the seine float in each bight shall hang to within 12 inches of the surface of the water when the boat is light. (D-37) TANK VESSELS (k) Life preservers. Two life preservers. (1) Mast and sails. A mast with one good sail, at least, and proper gear (this does not apply to motor lifeboats), the sail and gear to be protected by a suitable canvas cover: Pro- vided, however, That lifeboats of less than 125 cubic feet capacity are exempt from this requirement. (m) Matches. One box of safety matches wrapped in a waterproof package and car- ried in a box secured to the underside of the stern thwart. (n) Oars. A full complement of oars and two spare oars, and a steering oar with rowlock or becket. (o) Painter. One painter or manila rope of not less than 2% inches in circumference and of suitable length. (p) Plugs. Where automatic plugs are not provided, there shall be two plugs secured with chains for each drain hole. (q) Rowlocks. One set and a half of thole pins or rowlocks attached to the boat with separate chains. (r) Rudder. One rudder with tiller or yoke and yoke lines. In boats of special con- struction where a rudder is difficult of installation, it may be dispensed with. (s) Sea anchor. A sea anchor. (t) Signal pistol. (Optional, see Distress Lights.) The stowage of the signal pistol in lifeboats is discretionary with the master. (u) Storm oil. A vessel containing 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. 33.3-3 Tank ship lifeboat equipment; bays, sounds, lakes other than Great Lakes, and rivers — TB/BR. All lifeboats on tank vessels operating on lakes, bays, sounds, and rivers, shall carry the following equipment: (a) Boat hook. One boat hook attached to staff of suitable length. (b) Bucket. One bucket with lanyard attached. (c) Ax. Two hatchets. (d) Lantern. One lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least 9 hours and ready for immediate use. (e) Life line. A properly secured life line the entire length on each side, such line to be festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight. The life line shall be of a size and strength not less than 12-thread manila rope, and the seine float in each bight shall hang to within 12 inches of the surface of the water when the boat is light. (f) Life preservers. At least two life preservers except on tank vessels operating ex- clusively on rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, where one only is required. Wooden floats may be substituted where the same are allowed by law. (g) Matches. One box of safety matches wrapped in a waterproof package and carried in a box secured to the underside of the stern thwart. (h) Oars. A full complement of single bank oars and two spare oars of suitable length except on tank vessels operating exclusively on rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, where a total of five oars only is required. (D-38) TANK VESSELS (i) Steering oar. One steering oar with row lock or becket except on tank vessels operating exclusively on rivers. (j) Painter. One painter of manila rope of not less than 2% inches in circumference, properly attached, and of suitable length. (k) Plugs. Two plugs for each drain hole, attached to the boat with chains. (1) Rowlocks. A full complement of rowlocks and two spare rowlocks, each rowlock to be attached to the boat with a separate chain. (m) Rudder. One rudder with yoke and suitable yoke ropes, except for tank vessels operating exclusively on rivers. 33.3-4 Barges; lifeboat equipment, all waters — B/ALL. Lifeboats on barges shall be equipped as follows: (a) Boat hooks. Two boat hooks of suitable length but not less than 8 feet long by 1% inches in diameter. (b) Bucket. One galvanized iron bucket of about 2-gallon capacity with lanyard attached. (c) Lantern. One lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least 9 hours and ready for immediate use. (d) Life line. One life line properly secured the entire length on each side, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with a seine float in each bight. (e) Life preservers. Two life preservers in addition to the vessel's complement of life preservers. (f) Matches. One box of safety matches wrapped in a water proofed package, in a watertight container secured to the underside of the stern thwart. (g) Oars. Four oars and one steering oar. (h) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference, and of a suitable length. (i) Plugs. Drain holes, fitted with automatic plugs, shall be provided with two caps attached by chains. (j) Rowlocks. Not less than four rowlocks attached to the lifeboat by separate chains. 33.3-5 Tank ships; life raft equipment, ocean, coastwise — T/OC. Life rafts shall be equipped as follows: (a) Boat hook. One boat hook on a suitable staff. (b) Distress signals. One watertight metal case containg 12 self -igniting red lights of same character as distress lights required for lifeboats, the container to be of the same material and construction as required for lifeboats: Provided, That a container of the same material and construction, with a cover of not less than 3 inches in diameter, may be used on life rafts. (c) Drinking cups. Two enameled drinking cups. (d) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the raft, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with seine floats in each bight. (D-39) TANK VESSELS (e) Matches. One box of safety matches in a watertight container. (f) Oars. Four oars. (g) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference, and of a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (h) Provisions. One airtight receptacle containing 2 pounds of provisions for each person. These provisions may be of hard bread or its equivalent in any approved emergency ration of cereal or vegetable compound. No meat or other ration requiring saline preserva- tive shall be allowed. The receptacle shall be of metal fitted with an opening in the top not less than 5 inches in diameter properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass with machine thread and an attached double toggle, seating to a pliable rubber or felt gasket, which shall insure a tight joint. (i) Rowlocks. Five rowlocks attached by separate chains. (j) Sea anchor. One sea anchor constructed of good quality canvas or other satis- factory material; and, if of circular pattern, to be not less than 2 feet in diameter. (k) Self-igniting water light. One self-igniting water light of approved type. See §§ 37.9-1 to 37.9-7. (1) Storm oil. One container holding 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water, and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. (m) Water. One water-tight receptacle containing 1 quart of water for each person. 33.3-6 Life raft equipment — T/L. Life rafts shall be equipped as follows: (a) Boat hook. One boat hook on a suitable staff. (b) Distress signals. One watertight metal case containing 12 self -igniting red lights of same character as distress lights required for lifeboats, the container to be of the same material and construction as required for lifeboats: Provided, That a container of the same material and construction, with a cover of not less than 3 inches in diameter, may be used on life raft. (c) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the raft, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with seine floats in each bight. (d) Matches. One box of safety matches in a watertight container. (e) Oars. Four oars. (f) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference, and of a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (g) Rowlocks. Five rowlocks attached by separate chains. (h) Sea anchor. One sea anchor constructed of good quality canvas or other satisfactory material; and, if of circular pattern, to be not less than 2 feet in diameter. (i) Self-igniting water light. One self-igniting water light of approved type. See §§ 37.9-1 to 37.9-7. (j) Storm oil. One container holding 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water, and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. (D-40) TANK VESSELS 33.3-7 Tank vessels; life raft equipment, bays and rivers — TB/BR. Life rafts shall be equipped as follows: (a) Boat hook. One boat hook on a suitable staff. (b) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the raft, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with seine floats in each bight. (c) Oars. Four oars. (d) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference, and of a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (e) Rowlocks. Five rowlocks attached by separate chains. 33.3-8 Equipment for buoyant apparatus — TB/ALL. Buoyant apparatus designed to accommodate 25 persons or more shall be fitted and equipped as follows: (a) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the buoyant apparatus, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with a seine float in each bight. (b) Painter. One painter of sufficient strength properly secured to the buoyant appara- tus so that the buoyant apparatus may be lowered from the deck where stored to the water. It shall be of good quality manila rope not less than 2 inches in circumference and at least equal in length to the height of the boat deck where stored to the vessel's light seagoing draft plus 6 feet. (c) Self-igniting water light. One self-igniting water light of approved type, see §§ 37.9-1 to 37.9-7. Buoyant apparatus designed to accommodate less than 25 persons shall not be required to be equipped with a self-igniting water light. Such apparatus weighing less than 75 pounds shall not be required to have a painter for lowering. STOWAGE; LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, AND BUOYANT APPARATUS 33.4-1 Davits and launching devices — (a) T/ALL. Tank ships of 100 gross tons or more shall be equipped with davits for each lifeboat carried on the tank ship. (b) TB/ALL. Tank ships of less than 100 gross tons and tank barges where lifeboats are carried shall provide means for the launching of such lifeboats by davits or crane or, where the freeboard is less than 6 feet when the vessel has no cargo aboard, by slide. 33.4-2 Boat davit falls — T/ALL. All tank ships over 1,000 gross tons shall be provided with covered tubs, boxes, or reels, in which to stow the running part of the boat davit falls. Boat falls shall not be painted. 33.4-3 Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching — TB/ALL. The decks on which lifeboats of any class or life rafts are carried shall be kept clear of freight or any other obstruction that would interfere with the immediate launching of the lifeboats or life rafts. 33.4-4 Stowage of the boats and rafts — (a) TB/ALL. All the boats and rafts must be stowed in such a way that they can be launched in the shortest possible time and that, even under unfavorable conditions of list and trim from the point of view of the handling (D-41) TANK VESSELS of the boats and rafts, it may be possible to embark in them as large a number of persons as possible. (b) T/ALL. The arrangements must be such that it may be possible to launch on either side of the vessel as large a number of boats and rafts as possible. CARE AND INSPECTION; LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, AND BUOYANT APPARATUS 33.5-1 Preparation for voyage — TB/ALL. (a) Lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus shall be fully equipped before the vessel leaves port and the equipment shall remain in the boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus throughout the voyage. It shall be unlawful to stow in any boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus articles other than those herein required. (b) Loose equipment shall be surely attached to the boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus to which it belongs. Articles of equipment shall be of good quality, efficient for the purpose they are intended to serve, and kept in good condition. 33.5-2 Numbering and marking of lifeboats — TB/ALL. (a) The number of each lifeboat shall be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow in figures 3 inches high ; and, where lifeboats are carried on both sides of a vessel, the odd-numbered boats shall be stowed on the starboard side, and the even-numbered boats on the port side; i. e., lifeboat No. 1 shall be forward on the starboard side, and lifeboat No. 3 next abaft lifeboat No. 1; lifeboat No. 2 shall be forward on the port side and lifeboat No. 4 next abaft lifeboat- No. 2, etc. (b) The cubical contents and number of persons allowed to be carried on each lifeboat shall be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow in letters and numbers 1 }{ inches high. In addition, the number of persons allowed shall be plainly marked or painted on the top of at least two of the thwarts in letters and numbers 3 inches high. Such letters and numbers shall be dark on a light ground or light on a dark ground. 33.5-3 Marking of life rafts — TB/ALL. There shall be stenciled in a conspicuous place on each life raft the number of persons said raft can carry. 33.5-4 Overhaul — TB/ALL. (a) Lifeboats and life rafts shall be stripped, cleaned, painted, and thoroughly overhauled at least once in every year. If any deterioration has begun, it shall be corrected even to the extent of renewing that part of the lifeboat or life raft. (b) The boat davit and falls will be cast loose and overhauled. 33.5-5 Maintenance — TB/ALL. (a) Every lifeboat, life raft, or piece of buoyant apparatus together with its equipment shall be kept in every respect in good condition and ready for immediate use. (b) The material that supports the platform of all life floats shall be examined to de- termine that its strength is maintained. (c) Air tanks shall be examined to see that they are in good condition but pressure need not be applied unless the inspector so desires to assure himself as to then condition. (d) Disengaging apparatus, blocks and falls, if used, shall be determined to be in good condition. (D^2) TANK VESSELS (e) Disengaging apparatus, if used, shall be shown on the annual inspection report, and if the inspector is unable to identify it by name he shall take the matter up with the supervising inspector of the district in order that such apparatus may be traced for identifica- tion and approval record. 33.5-6 Person in charge of each boat — TB/OCLB. A licensed deck officer, an able seaman, or a certificated lifeboatman shall be placed in charge of each boat or life raft. He shall have a list of its lifeboatmen and other members of its crew which shall be sufficient for her safe management, and shall see that the men placed under his orders are acquainted with their several duties and stations. 33.5-7 Certificated lifeboatmen in each boat — TB/OCLB. (a) There shall be for each boat or raft a number of lifeboatmen at least equal to that specified as follows: If the boat or raft carries 25 persons or less, the minimum number of certificated lifeboatmen shall be f ; if the boat or raft carries 26 persons and less than 41 persons, the minimum number of certificated lifeboatmen shall be 2; if the boat or raft carries 41 persons and less than 61 persons, the minimum number of certificated lifeboatmen shall be 3. (b) The allocation of the certificated lifeboatmen to each boat and raft remains within the discretion of the master, according to the circumstances. LIFE PRESERVERS 33.6-1 Number required — TB/ALL. Every tank vessel shall be provided with one good life preserver, having the approval of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, for each and every person carried. 33.6-2 Type — TB/ALL. (a) Every life preserver adjustable to the body of an adult person, manufactured after February 10, 1923, shall be of the reversible type, made of suitable material approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, with straps properly attached on each side of the body of the life preserver (thus making it reversible) , with recesses under the arms, thereby allowing the front and back sections to fit around the upper part of the wearer, and held in place by the straps. The upper part of the life preserver shall be made vestlike, the whole so constructed as to place the main buoyant body of the device underneath the shoulders and around the body in a manner that it will support the person wearing it in an upright or a slightly backward position. (b) All such life preservers shall be not less than 52 inches in length when measured laid flat, and every life preserver shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the said weight be submerged or not, there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull upon said life preserver of at least 20 pounds. 33.6-3 Stowage of life preservers — TB/ALL. Life preservers shall be distributed throughout the cabins, staterooms, berths, and other places convenient for each person on such tank vessels. 33.6-4 Inspection — TB/ALL. (a) At each annual inspection of any tank vessel, and oftener if deemed necessary, it shall be the duty of the inspectors making the inspection to examine all life preservers in the equipment of such vessel and to satisfy themselves that such (D^3) TANK VESSELS life preservers are in accordance with the requirements of the Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, That when any block of compressed cork used in a compressed-cork type life preserver is found to be in a broken or granulated condition, such compressed-cork block shall be condemned as unfit for further use. When found to be in accordance with the require- ments, the inspector shall plainly stamp them with a stamp bearing the word "Passed," his initials, the inspector's port, and date of approval: Provided, That at the annual inspection of a vessel, or oftener if necessary, at least 5 percent of all kapok life preservers, or such greater number as may be deemed necessary or desirable, shall be subjected to a buoyancy test, as follows: Life preserver containing kapok as buoyant material in the body thereof, if for use of adults, shall be subjected to a test for buoyancy by being entirely submerged for a period of 2 hours, after which it shall be capable of sustaining in water an attached weight hav- ing an actual downward gravitation pull of 20 pounds when the weight is submerged, and kapok life preservers with kapok collars shall be subjected to a similar test, except that the attached weight shall have an actual downward gravitation pull of 28 pounds when the weight is submerged. Any such life preserver failing to meet the required test shall be immediately condemned and removed from the vessel's equipment, and a full detailed report of every such failure shall be immediately forwarded to the supervising inspector of the district having jurisdiction. (b) Life preservers which depend upon inflation or air compartments for buoyancy, or which are constructed of loose granulated material or any other material not approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, shall not be allowed. Any life preserver hereafter approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors may be accepted in lieu of those specified in §§ 33.6-1 to 33.6^. LIFE BUOYS 33.7-1 Number required; tank ships — T/ALL. The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights shall be attached is fixed by the following table: Length of tank vessel Minimum number of buoys Minimum number of buoys for which water lights shall be provided Under 100 feet - _ _. ___ _ ___ _ . . 2 4 6 12 16 24 30 100 feet and under 200 feet __ _ _ _ . 2 200 feet and under 300 feet_- ________ 2 300 feet and under 400 feet - _____-. 4 400 feet and under 600 feet _ _ 9 600 feet and under 800 feet _ _ _ _ . 12 800 feet and over _ __ 15 (D-44) TANK VESSELS 33.7-2 Number required; tank barges — B/ALL. All tank barges regardless of size shall have at least two life buoys on board: Provided however, That unmanned barges are exempt from this section. 33.7-3 Location, distribution, and securing of life buoys — TB/ALL. All life buoys shall be distributed and secured as follows: (a) All life buoys shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to the persons on board, and their positions plainly indicated so as to be known to the persons concerned. The buoys shall always be capable of being cast loose, and shall not be permanently secured in any way. (b) One life buoy on each side of a vessel shall have an attached line at least 15 fathoms in length. 33.7-4 Attachment of water lights — TB/ALL. On all tank vessels the self-igniting water lights need not be attached to the ring buoy, but may be placed alongside the buoy which it is intended to serve so that it can be easily and quickly attached to the buoy by means of its lanyard when needed in case of emergency. When self -igniting water lights are not attached to the ring buoys, a snap hook shall be provided for this purpose. DISTRESS LIGHTS AND SIGNALING LAMP 33.8-1 Distress lights— T/ALL and B/OC. On every vessel of 150 gross tons and over there shall be carried within the pilot house or upon the navigator's bridge, 12 self-igniting distress lights having a burning capacity of not less than 2 minutes and to give forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 500 candle power. The signals shall be treated and made impervious to moisture. The container shall be constructed of 18-ounce or No. 22 B. W. G. copper or equal noncorrosive metal, lock-jointed, and soldered, bottom to be rolled in and soldered, cover or top to be made of cast brass, not less than }i of an inch thick and 5 inches in diameter, to fit down on rubber gasket to make container watertight. Cover shall be constructed so as to be easily removed. 33.8-2 Signaling lamp — T/OC. Ocean and coastwise tank ships over 150 gross tons shall be equipped with an efficient signaling lamp. This lamp shall be permanently fixed above the bridge and equipped with a Fresnel lens and high-speed bulb, operated by a weatherproof key, fitted with a suitable condenser. The lamp shall be so connected that it can be operated from the normal source of ship's current, the emergency source, and other emergency batteries, if provided. LINE-THROWING GUN 33.9-1 Requirements; ocean and coastwise; tank ships — T/OC. (a) All tank ships shall be equipped with a line-carrying gun and equipment auxiliary thereto as herein specified. (b) Tank ships of more than 1,000 gross tons shall be equipped with a mounted type gun either breech or muzzle loading, similar in size, performance, and general design to the guns used by the United States Coast Guard. (c) All such tank ships of 150 gross tons and not more than 1,000 gross tons shall be equipped with a mounted type gun, either breech or muzzle loading, or a shoulder type gun, the requirements of which are set forth in § 33.9-3. (D-45) 327208°— 42 4 TANK VESSELS 33.9-2 Line-carrying gun equipment for mounted gun — T/OC — (a) Service pro- jectiles. Six service projectiles shall be supplied with each gun. These projectiles shall weigh not less than 17 pounds nor more than 18 pounds each. They shall be smoothly turned and finished and shall have a windage of not more than 0.015 nor less than 0.002 of an inch. The upper end shall carry an eyebolt or shank of sufficient length to project slightly beyond the muzzle. This eyebolt or shank shall afford an eye for securing the line. Projectiles shall be of such character as to be readily withdrawn from the gun whenever necessary or desirable. (b) Service lines. Four service projectile lines shall be supplied with each gun, and shall be not less than seven-thirty -seconds of an inch nor more than nine-thirty-seconds of an inch in diameter, and at least 1,700 feet long. They shall conform to the following requirements : (1) They shall be either 3-strand, soft-laid, best quality flax or regularly laid best quality manila. Each line shall be in one continuous length without splice, knot, or other retarding or weakening feature and having a breaking strain of not less than 500 pounds. (2) The end of the line intended to be attached to the projectile shall have securely attached thereto a substantial tag bearing a permanent legend indicating its purpose; the other end of the line shall be tagged in the same manner to prevent delay in securing proper and immediate action with the equipment. (3) Each line shall be coiled, faked, or reeled in its own faking box or reel in such manner that when all the line leaves the container it shall automatically become unattached and free from the container. (c) Line container. The faking box or reel shall be of such size as to accommodate the size and type of line used. The faking box shall have a frame slightly larger than the box with a row of wooden pins set vertically into its four sides. It shall have a false bottom which shall be a tablet of wood pierced with holes corresponding to the pins and shall fit down over the pins until it reaches their base and rests on the frame. The frame shall be equipped with proper hooks for securing it to the box after the line has been faked on the pins. The reel type container shall consist of a reel upon which the line may be readily coiled and a canister or container into which the coiled line may be placed which will afford a fair lead through which the line may pay out. The reel must be so designed as to permit easy withdrawal after the line has been coiled. (d) Statement of manufacturer. The container of the line shall bear the name of the manufacturer and a statement to the effect that in all respects the line meets the requirements specified in paragraph (b), (1), (2), and (3), for service lines. (e) Primers. Primers used with the breech-loading gun shall be of the percussion type. Primers used with the muzzle-loading gun shall be of the friction type. At least 25 primers shall be carried at all times. (f) Auxiliary line. At least 1,500 feet of 3-inch manila line shall be carried by vessels (D-46) TANK VESSELS of over 1 ,000 gross tons. This line shall be considered as part of the line-carrying gun equip- ment and shall be maintained in first-class condition at all times. (g) Accessibility. The line-carrying gun and its equipment shall be kept always easily and immediately accessible and ready for use. No part of this equipment shall be used for any other purpose. 33.9-3 Line-carrying gun equipment for shoulder gun — T/OC — (a) Type. The shoulder line-carrying gun shall be a breech-loading gun of 0.45 or 0.50 caliber, chambered for blank rifle cartridges, smooth bored, and properly stocked. It shall be contained in a suitable case, together with the following equipment; 3 shot lines, 10 projectiles, 25 cartridges, 1 cleaning rod, 1 can of oil, and 1 book of instructions, and conform to the following require- ments: (1) The projectiles shall be machined from steel or bronze, weigh about 8 ounces, and have a shank of sufficient length to project slightly beyond the muzzle. The shank shall be made in one with the projectile and have at its upper end an eye for securing the line. (2) The line shall be at least 400 feet in length and have a circumference of about three- eights of an inch. It shall be woven, or laid up, of cotton or flax and be very flexible, and have a breaking strain of not less than 250 pounds. It shall be made up, or coiled, in such way as to render it ready at all times for immediate use, the coil or other device to permit the free running of the line when the gun is fired. (b) Auxiliary line. At least 500 feet of 3-inch manila line shall be carried as an auxiliary line for use with the shoulder line-carrying equipment. This line shall be considered as part of the shoulder gun line-carrying equipment and maintained in first-class condition at all times. (c) Accessibility. The shoulder gun line-carrying equipment shall be kept always easily and immediately accessible and ready for use and no part of this equipment shall be used for any other purpose. (d) Test. The projectile shall be thrown, under conditions of a reasonably still atmos- phere, for a distance of not less than 250 feet without fouling or breaking the line. 33.9-4 Service recommendations — T/OC — (a) Mounted type. The following pre- cautions and procedure are recommended for the use of mounted type line-carrying guns and equipment : (1) Service powder charge should be about 5 ounces, and the powder bags should be furnished to the vessel containing not more than that quantity of black powder. Under extraordinary circumstances, 8 ounces may be used. (2) In making the line fast to the shank, pass it through the eye and take three or more half-hitches around its own part, leaving a loop of about 10 or 12 inches and taking the hitches about 6 inches apart. This will allow the line to slip slightly through the eye of the shank before the hitches fetch up, thus easing the strain on the line at the loop during the initial acceleration. (D-47) TANK VESSELS (3) A considerable bight lead over the side is recommended wherever possible, as it will tend to lessen the jerk on the line at initial acceleration. (4) At least a fathom of the line from the shank should be thoroughly wet before using to prevent burning. (5) The faking box or reel should always be faced in the direction of the line of fire and placed abreast of the gun and as close to the ship's side as possible. It is not advisable to place the line too close to the muzzle of the gun, as the concussion may lift several layers or coils from the top, causing a snarl which in turn may cause the line to part. (6) Care should be taken in placing the equipment to prevent fouling of the line in rigging, ridge ropes, etc., which have a tendency to rise or jump up when the gun is fired. (7) Having made the gun and equipment readj^ for use, the following procedure in firing is recommended: Select a place where the gun may recoil without striking anything, or where it may be securely lashed down. Note the position of the vessel to be relieved, her distance, and the direction and approxi- mate force of the wind, and then place the gun in position, making allowance for the drift of the line. Place the line on the windward side of the gun and about 3 feet from it. Make the line fast in the eye of the shank and insert the powder charge, projectile, and primer. In loading, make sure that the projectile is seated against the wad. (8) After using, the lines should be thoroughly dried before rewinding or faking. (b) Shoulder type. In using the shoulder line-throwing type gun, the following precau- tions should be observed: (1) Care should be taken to prevent folding of the line in rigging, ridge ropes, etc., which have a tendency to rise or jump up when the gun is fired. (2) The projectile should be seated in the end of the cartridge case. (3) If fired near the ship's side, the gun must be held firmly to prevent it from "jumping" overboard. (4) The line should be wet thoroughly for 2 or 3 feet from the shank to prevent burning. (5) The use of a "reduced load" cartridge is recommended, containing 50 grains of powder instead of 70. (6) After using, the line should be thoroughly dried before rewinding or faking. (7) In using this equipment the instructions furnished by the manufacturer shall be followed. 33.9-5 Placard instructions — T/OC. A placard with instructions for using the gun apparatus, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard, shall be posted in the pilot house and engine room, and seamen's, firemen's, and stewards' department of every vessel required by law to carry such gun apparatus. (D-48) PART 34.— FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT Sec. Inspection of Fire-fighting Equipment 34.1-1 Inspection of fire-fighting equipment; general — TB/ALL. 34.1-2 Inspection by both inspectors — TB/ALL. 34.1-3 All fire equipment may be tested — TB/ALL. 34.1-4 Testing of fire hose and pumps — TB/ALL. 34.1-5 Inspection of bilges— TB/ALL. 34.1-6 Special types of fire apparatus may be used — TB/ALL. 34.1-7 Fire equipment; new and existing vessels — TB/ALL. 34.1-8 Repairs and alterations to fire-fighting equipment — TB/ALL. Fire Pumps, Mains, Hydrants, and Hose 34.2-1 Fire pumps required — T/ALL. 34.2-2 Capacity of fire pumps; tank ships of more than 600 gross tons— T/ALL. 34.2-3 Type of fire pumps— T/ALL. 34.2-4 Location of fire pumps — T/ALL. 34.2-5 Fire pump relief valves and piping— T/ALL. 34.2-6 Fire hydrants— T/ALL. 34.2-7 Fire hose— T/ALL. Fire Equipment for Cargo Space 34.3-1 General requirement; cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-2 Systems which may be substituted for steam; cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-3 Minimum capacity of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-4 Basic requirements of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-5 Steam fire-extinguishing system for cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-6 Inert gas or vapor fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-7 Foam fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. Sec. 34.3-8 Flue gas fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-9 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for boiler room and ma- chinery spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-10 Fire-extinguishing equipment other than fixed — for boiler room and machinery spaces — T/ALL. 34.3-11 Spray nozzles— T/ALL. 34.3-12 Shutting down of boilers and machinery — T/ALL. 34.3-13 Fire-extinguishing systems for lamp and paint rooms, etc.— T/ALL. Fire Axes 34.4-1 Fire axes required— T/ALL. 34.4-2 Location and use of fire axes — T/ALL. Hand Fire Extinguishers 34.5-1 Hand fire extinguishers; test — TB/ALL. 34.5-2 Hand fire extinguishers; marking — TB/ALL. 34.5-3 Hand fire extinguishers; location — TB/ALL. 34.5-4 Hand fire extinguishers; inspection — TB/ALL. 34.6-5 Hand fire extinguishers; spare charges and parts — TB/ALL. 34.6-6 Hand fire extinguishers; number required on tank ships — T/ALL. 34.5-7 Hand fire extinguishers required on tank vessels of over 15 gross tons using oil as fuel — TB/ALL. Sand Boxes Required on Tank Vessels Using Oil as Fuel Under Boilers 34.6-1 Sand boxes required— TB/ALL. Fire-extinguishing Equipment Required on Tank Barges 34.7-1 Portable extinguishing equipment for cargo spaces — B/ALL. 34.7-2 Hand fire extinguishers for quarters and engine spaces — B/ALL. INSPECTION OF FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT Section 34.1-1 Inspection of fire-fighting equipment; general — TB/ALL. At each annual inspection, and at any other time as required in the judgment of the local inspectors, all fire-fighting equipment on tank vessels shall be inspected. 34.1-2 Inspection by both inspectors — TB/ALL. The inspection of fire-fighting equipment shall be made jointly by both boiler inspector and hull inspector. 34.1-3 All fire equipment may be tested — TB/ALL. During the inspection of fire- fighting equipment the local inspectors may require fire apparatus to be tested, and used, except as provided under §§ 34.3-6 (b), 34.5-4. 34.1-4 Testing of fire hose and pumps — TB/ALL. It shall be the duty of both the hull and boiler inspectors to examine all pumps, hose, and other fire apparatus and to see that the (D-49) TANK VESSELS hose is subjected to a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch, and that the hose couplings are securely fastened in accordance with the regulations in this subchapter. 34.1-5 Inspection of bilges — TB/ALL. When inspecting oil-burning vessels, either internal-combustion type or steam-driven type, the inspector shall examine the tank tops and bilges in the fireroom and engine room to see that there is no accumulation of oil which might create a fire hazard. 34.1-6 Special types of fire apparatus may be used — TB/ALL. Any special type of appliance, fire-extinguishing medium, or arrangement approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, may be used. 34.1-7 Fire equipment; new and existing vessels — TB/ALL. All tank vessels subject to the regulations in this subchapter shall have fire extinguishers and fire-extinguishing apparatus in accordance with the regulations in this subchapter: Provided, however, That all fire extinguishers and fire-extinguishing apparatus which is of the character that com- plied with the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, pursuant to title 52 of the Revised Statutes, on vessels in existence at the time the regulations in this subchapter are promulgated, and have been in use on such vessels, may be approved by the local inspectors, provided such existing fire extinguishers and such fire-fighting apparatus are found to be in good and workable condition. Where such existing fire extinguishers and fire-fighting apparatus are not found to be in good and workable condition, they shall be re- paired or else replaced by fire extinguishers or fire-fighting apparatus of the latest approved type, as required by the regulations in this subchapter. Where such existing fire extinguishers or fire-fighting apparatus are found to be in good and workable condition, but deficient as to quantity or numbers, the additional quantity or numbers required by these regulations shall be of the latest approved type. Fixed systems which are included in the fire-fighting equip- ment for tank vessels and which have been in the past approved by the Bureau shall be deemed to comply with the regulations in this subchapter both as to character and quantity, provided such systems are in good and workable condition. 34.1-8 Repairs and alterations to fire-fighting equipment — TB/ALL. No extensive repairs or alterations, except in emergency, shall be made to any fire-extinguishing apparatus, or other appliance subject to inspection, without advance notice to the local inspectors. Such repairs or alterations shall so far as is practicable be made with materials and tested in the manner specified within these rules for new construction. Emergency repairs or alterations shall be reported as soon as practicable to the local inspectors in the district where the vessel may call after such repairs are made. FIRE PUMPS, MAINS, HYDRANTS, AND HOSE 34.2-1 Fire pumps required — T/ALL. All tank ships shall be provided with pumps available for use as fire pumps, as follows: (a) Tank ships of 500 gross tons and under shall be equipped with an efficient hand pump (D-50) TANK VESSELS capable of delivering 50 gallons per minute or a power-driven pump of equivalent capacity. Provided: That on tank ships of 20 gross tons or under where it is impracticable to install a hand or power-operated fire pump, or on tank ships with only one man in the crew, at least one additional 15 pound C0 2 or the equivalent fire extinguisher may be accepted in lieu of a fire pump. (b) Tank ships of more than 500 gross tons shall be provided with independently driven power pumps as specified in the following table: Over 500 and not over 1,000 gross tons 1 pump Over 1,000 gross tons 2 pumps 34.2-2 Capacity of fire pumps; tank ships of more than 500 gross tons — T/ALL. (a) The capacity of the combined fire pump installation shall be one-fifth gallon per minute per gross ton of the tank ship. The maximum total fire pump capacity required for any tank ship shall be 800 gallons per minute. (b) Pumps on tank ships of more than 500 gross tons shall be capable of delivering two powerful jets of water simultaneously from the highest outlets on the fire main at a Pitot tube pressure of approximately 50 pounds per square inch through nozzles, each having an orifice of not less than %-inch diameter where the internal diameter of the hose exceeds 1% inches and not less than %-inch diameter where the internal diameter of the hose does not exceed \)'i inches. (c) While arranged with permanent connections to the fire main the pumps may be uti- lized also for other purposes, provided that one of the required pumps is kept available for immediate use on the fire system. In no case, however, shall a pump having connection to oil lines be used as a fire pump. 34.2-3 Type of fire pumps — T/ALL. Tank ships are not restricted to any particular type or proportions for fire pumps. 34.2-4 Location of fire pumps — T/ALL. On oil-burning tank ships, provided with two fire pumps, where the engine and fire rooms are not entirely separated by iron or steel bulk- heads, or if fuel oil can drain from fire-room bilges into the engine room, one of the fire pumps shall be located in an accessible space separate from the machinery compartment. 34.2-5 Fire pump relief valves and piping — T/ALL. (a) Fire pumps shall be equipped on the discharge side with a relief valve and a pressure gauge to indicate the pressure on the firemain. Except when the fire pump is being used in connection with tank cleaning opera- tions, the relief valve shall be set to relieve at 125 pounds per square inch pressure. (b) Suction pipes for all fire pumps shall be so arranged as to have an area of opening sufficiently large to supply water when the pumps are working at full capacity. (c) The size of the discharge pipe leading from fire pumps shall in no case be less than that of the discharge opening of the pump, and in no case shall it be less than 1% inches in internal diameter. (d) The pipe, valves, fittings, and construction of fire lines shall conform to the rules and regulations contained in Part 55. 34.2-6 Fire hydrants — T/ALL. (a) Fire hydrants shall be of a sufficient number and (D-51) TANK VESSELS so arranged that any part of the living quarters, weather decks, and any parts of cargo decks accessible to the crew while at sea may be reached with a single 50-foot length of hose. (b) Hose connections shall be brass or composition. (c) Outlet openings shall have a diameter of not less than 1% inches. (d) All fire hydrants shall be equipped with hose spanners. 34.2-7 Fire hose — T/ALL. (a) Fire hose shall be connected to the outlet at all times except on open decks, where the location of the fire hydrants is such that no protection is afforded for the hose in heavy weather. (b) The fire hose may be temporarily removed when it will interfere with the handling of cargo. (c) Each fire hose shall be provided with a suitable nozzle. (d) Fire hose, when part of the fire equipment, shall not be used for any other purpose than fire extinguishing, fire drills, and testing. (e) Fire hose shall be drained and stowed in its proper place immediately after being used. FIRE EQUIPMENT FOR CARGO SPACE 34.3-1 General requirement; cargo spaces — T/ALL. (a) Every tank ship shall be provided with suitable pipes and valves attached to the boiler to convey steam into the hold and into the different compartments thereof, and into the fuel tanks, to extinguish fire, or such other suitable apparatus as may be prescribed. (b) The valves on steam and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems shall be plainly marked to indicate the compartment into which they discharge. Such smothering pipes shall enter the tank at a point above the highest liquid level at which cargo is carried. 34.3-2 Systems which may be substituted for steam; cargo spaces — T/ALL. On tank ships, foam, gases, or vapors, or any other effective fire extinguishing system may be substituted for steam, provided such system, if fixed is completely installed in accordance with approved drawings and specifications. Such systems may be portable, semiportable, or fixed, and may be of more than one type, provided its total capacity equals the require- ments of the regulations in this subchapter. Provided, however, carbon tetrachloride may be used for fighting fire in cargo spaces allowing 1 quart of carbon tetrachloride for each 225 cubic feet of space, upon approval of the Bureau only. In no case will carbon tetrachloride be allowed for fighting fire in cargo spaces on tank ships where the volume of the largest cargo compartment exceeds 6,300 cubic feet. 34.3-3 Minimum capacity of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces— T/ALL — (a) For steam, inert gases, and vapors. The minimum capacity of fire systems for cargo spaces shall be based upon the volume of the largest cargo compartments, in cubic feet, which shall be determined by measurements taken between fire-retarding boundaries such as decks, shells, tank bottoms, and bulkheads. (D 52) TANK VESSELS (b) For foam. The minimum capacity of fire systems for cargo spaces shall be based upon the largest superficial liquid area obtainable in any tank within the range of usual trim. 34.3-4 Basic requirements of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL — (a) Steam. Steam for fire-extinguishing systems shall be available from the main boilers or from a donkey or auxiliary boiler or from a shore source having a minimum capacity equiva- lent to 1 square foot of heating surface for each 300 cubic feet of the largest compartment in which cargo is carried. This requirement shall be based upon a rate of evaporation of 6 pounds of steam per hour per square foot of heating surface from and at 212° F. medium steaming. Equivalent values of heating surface will be permitted for boilers having rates of evaporation differing from that herein specified. (b) Inert gases and vapors. At least one pound of carbon dixoide or its equivalent of other inert gas or vapor for each 30 cubic feet of gross volume of the largest cargo compart- ment as defined in § 34.3-3 (a), discharged at the rate of 1 pound of carbon dixoxide or its equivalent of other inert gas per minute for each 150 cubic feet of cargo space. (c) Foam. At least a 6-inch layer of foam delivered uniformly over the largest super- ficial liquid area as defined in § 34.3-3 (b); discharged at the rate of not less than 10 cubic feet of foam per minute per 100 square feet of surface to be covered. (d) Provision against freezing. Provision shall be made for draining the manifold and individual lines of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces to protect them against freezing. 34.3-5 Steam fire-extinguishing system for cargo spaces — T/ALL. (a) A steam pres- sure of at least 100 pounds per square inch shall be maintained for fire-extinguishing purposes. Where the maximum allowable boiler working pressure will not permit of this, or where steam from a shore plant is being used, the maximum steam pressure permitted by the operating boiler pressure limitations shall be provided for this purpose, (b) Where steam fire-extinguishing systems are fitted on tank ships, the control valve shall be housed in a fire-resisting compartment located in an accessible place on the weather deck in order to protect the operator from fire and smoke. The main lines shall have sufficient area to supply all the individual lines to the largest tank and the tanks adjacent thereto, and the valves on the branch lines to the tanks shall be left open at all times so that, in case of fire, it will be necessary only to open the master valve to insure a flow of steam into each hold or tank, after which the valves leading to tanks which are not on fire may be closed: Provided, That where the opening of such branch line valve may cause contamination of cargo or cause the passage of gases or vapors between tanks or compartments, they may be kept closed. (c) Steam smothering lines shall be tested with at least 50 poutids of air pressure or by blowing steam through the lines and a survey made for detecting corrosion and defects, using hammer test or such other means as may be necessary. (d) The minimum diameter of any steam fire-extinguishing pipe to any fuel oil tank shall be 1 inch. (D-53) TANK VESSELS 34.3-6 Inert gas or vapor fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. (a) The piping for inert gas or vapor fire-extinguishing systems shall comply with the require- ments of Part 55. (b) At annual inspections, all carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) cylinders, whether fixed or portable, shall be examined externally and replaced if any corrosion is found; and they shall also be checked by weighing to determine their contents, and if found to be more than 10 percent under the required contents of carbon dioxide, they shall be recharged. 34.3-7 Foam fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. (a) The piping for foam fire-extinguishing systems shall comply with the requirements for Part 55. (b) If the foam system is of the fixed type, the apparatus and chemicals shall be con- tained in a fire-resistant compartment protected from the weather where the operator will be shielded from fire and smoke. (c) If the foam system is of the portable type the apparatus and chemicals shall be stowed in a readily accessible place protected from the weather. 34.3-8 Flue gas fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces — T/ALL. Inert gas system for extinguishing fires in cargo spaces, where the source of the inert gas is the stack or a furnace for producing such inert gas shall be considered as complying with the regula- tions in this subchapter, provided such system shall have the approval of the Bureau as required in § 34.3-2. 34.3-9 Fixed fire-extinguishing systems for boiler room and machinery spaces — T/ALL. Fixed fire-extinguishing systems, when installed in boiler rooms or machinery spaces of tank ships, shall be fitted with equipment of the type and character specified as follows: (a) Carbon dioxide system requirements. (1) When a carbon dioxide smothering system is installed in the boiler room of steam-propelled tankships, the quantity of carbon dioxide carried shall not be less than that determined by the following formula: W _ LXBXD 36 Where — IF= weight of C0 2 required, in pounds. i=length of the boiler room, in feet. Z?= breadth of the boiler room, in feet. Z>=distance in feet from tank top to highest point of shell of fire tube boilers, or top of drum or casing, whichever is highest on water tube boilers. When a carbon dioxide smothering system is installed in the machinery space of vessels which are propelled by internal combustion engines, the quantity of carbon dioxide carried shall not be less than that determined by the following formula: W _ LXBXD 22 (D-54) TANK VESSELS Where — W= weight of C0 2 required, in pounds. L= length of the machinery space, in feet. #=breadth of the machinery space, in feet. Z?=distance in feet from tank top to top of engine. Provided, however, That all tankships propelled by internal combustion engines using gasoline as fuel shall be fitted with a fixed C0 2 smothering system in the engine room space. (2) The whole charge of gas shall be capable of being released simultaneously by oper- ating one valve and control; such valve or control shall be adequately protected to avoid the accidental discharge of gas. All cylinders shall be completely discharged in not more than 2 minutes. The arrangement of the piping shall be such as to give a general and fairly uniform distribution over the entire area protected. A suitable alarm shall be provided to operate automatically when the control valve is operated, and shall be located in the area protected. Provision shall be made to prevent the admission of air into the lower parts of the area protected when the system is in operation. (3) Where C0 2 equipment is provided for cargo spaces and also for boiler and machinery spaces, it shall be so interconnected that the entire equipment may be used for fighting fire in any one of such spaces. (b) Foam smothering system requirements. (1) When a foam type system is fitted, its capacity shall be such as to discharge rapidly over the entire area of the bilge (tank top) of the largest boiler room a volume of foam 6 inches deep. The arrangement of piping shall be such as to give a uniform distribution over the entire area protected. (2) The foregoing system may be of a type employing either two-solution tanks or one or more generators using an approved dry chemical mixture. All containers and valves by which they are operated shall be easily accessible and so placed that they will not readily be cut off from use by an outbreak of fires. (3) When a semiportable foam generator using a dry chemical mixture in conjunction with the fire line is provided, stop valves, which may be closed in case of a rupture of the fire line, shall be installed in such line, and a connection for at least two fire hoses shall be provided aft of the after stop valve; Provided, however, That foam generators will not be allowed on any tank vessels unless at least one fire pump of suitable capacity is located or can be controlled outside of the space to be protected. (c) Combined boiler room and machinery space. Where the boiler room is not entirely separated from the machinery space by a fire-resistive bulkhead, both compartments shall be considered to be one space for the purpose of determining the amount of foam or inert gas necessary. 34.3-10 Fire-extinguishing equipment other than fixed — for boiler room and machinery spaces — T/ALL. The minimum requirements for fire-fighting equipment on all tankships which are not fitted with fixed fire-extinguishing systems in boiler room and machinery spaces shall be of the type and character specified as follows: (D-55) TANK VESSELS (a) (1) Steam vessels of more than 750 gross tons: One foam type fire extinguisher of not less than 40-gallon capacity, or not less than 100 pounds of carbon dioxide, for each boiler room. (2) Steam vessels of 750 gross tons and under: One foam type fire extinguisher of not less than 20-gallon capacity, or not less than 50 pounds of carbon dioxide for each boiler room. (b) (1) Internal combustion engine driven ships of 50 gross tons and upward: One foam- type fire extinguisher of not less than 12-gallon capacity, or not less than 30 pounds of carbon dioxide for each 1,000 B. H. P. or fraction thereof. (2) When donkey boilers using oil as fuel are located in the machinery space on vessels propelled by internal combustion engines, there shall be substituted for one of the 12-gallon foam type, or 30-pound carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, one foam-type fire extinguisher of not less than 40-gallon capacity, or at least 100 pounds of carbon dioxide. (c) All of the above extinguishers shall be fitted with suitable hose attachments or other approved methods of distributing the foam or carbon dioxide in any part of the spaces to be protected. 34.3-11 Spray nozzles — T/ALL. Fire hose lines in boiler and machinery spaces of vessels of 3,000 gross tons or over, except vessels driven by electric motors, shall be provided with at least two suitable nozzles of an approved type which are capable of effectively extin- guishing oil fires. This equipment shall be kept in efficient condition and ready for use at all times. 34.3-12 Shutting down of boilers and machinery — T/ALL. The fire-extinguishing systems provided for in Part 34 which depend for their operation on the ship's boilers or machinery shall not be required to be immediately available at docks or at anchorages. 34.3-13 Fire-extinguishing systems for lamp and paint rooms, etc. — T/ALL. The steam, inert gas or vapor, or foam system for extinguishing fires in cargo spaces shall be so arranged that it may be used for extinguishing fires in lamp, oil, and paint rooms, and such rooms and compartments in all classes of vessels shall be wholly and tightly lined with metal. FIRE AXES 34.4-1 Fire axes required — T/ALL. All tank ships shall be provided with fire axes as follows: Gross tons: Not over 50 1 Over 50 and not over 200 2 Over 200 and not over 500 3 Over 500 and not over 1,000 4 Over 1,000 5 (D-56) TANK VESSELS 34.4-2 Location and use of fire axes — T/ALL. All fire axes shall be located so as to be readily found in time of need, shall not be used for general purposes, and shall be kept in good condition. HAND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 34.5-1 Hand fire extinguishers; test — TB/ALL. Every type of fire extinguisher pro- vided for and required by this part shall be tested by the Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and a report made by that bureau to the Board of Supervising Inspectors, which shall then determine whether the said extinguisher shall be approved for use on vessels subject to inspection. 34.5-2 Hand fire extinguishers; marking — TB/ALL. Every fire extinguisher approved after May 31, 1921, for use on vessels under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine In- spection and Navigation shall have affixed thereto a metallic name plate having plainly stamped thereon the name of the fire extinguisher, the rated capacity in gallons, quarts, or pounds, and the name and address of the person or firm for whom approved. 34.5-3 Hand fire extinguishers; location — TB/ALL. Hand fire extinguishers shall be located in such parts of the tank vessel as in the judgment of the local inspectors will be most convenient and serviceable in case of emergency and so arranged that they may be easily removed from their fastenings. 34.5-4 Hand fire extinguishers; inspection — TB/ALL. Every fire extinguisher shall be discharged and examined at each annual inspection ; Provided, That carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers shall be tested for their pumping efficiency and the liquid discharged with proper care so that it may be replaced in the extinguishers. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall be checked by weighing to determine contents, and, if found to be more than 10 percent under required contents of carbon dioxide, they shall be recharged. 34.5-5 Hand fire extinguishers; spare charges and parts — TB/ALL. (a) Extra charges shall be carried on board for 50 percent of each class of fire extinguishers required. If 50 percent of each class of fire estinguishers carried gives a fractional result, extra charges and extra safety valve units shall be provided for the next largest whole number: Provided, That extra charges for carbon dioxide type fire extinguishers shall be considered either an additional carbon dioxide extinguisher or a 2% gallon foam extinguisher, and for this 2)i gallon foam extinguisher no extra charge will be required. (b) Recharges, particularly the acid used in charging soda-and-acid type of fire ex- tinguisher, must be packed in such manner that the filling operation (i. e., in recharging the extinguisher) can be performed without subjecting the person doing the recharging to undue risk of acid burns and shall be contained in Crown stopper type of bottle. (c) Extra safety valve units shall be carried on board for 50 percent of all hand fire extinguishers of the foam type. (D-57) TANK VESSELS 34.5-6 Hand fire extinguishers; number required on tank ships — T/ALL. (a) Tank ships of over 15 gross tons having hulls constructed of metal with metal superstructures shall be provided with chemical fire extinguishers as follows: c,. j. , Minimum number of Size of vessel, gross tons: ere extinguishers Over 15 and not over 100 1 Over 100 and not over 300 2 Over 300 3 (b) Tank ships of over 15 gross tons constructed of wood or with hulls constructed of metal with wood superstructures shall be provided with chemical fire extinguishers as follows: Minimum number of Size of vessel, gross tons: fire extinguishers Over 15 and not over 75 _ 1 Over 75 and not over 200 2 Over 200 and not over 500 3 Over 500 4 (c) The above tables are based on the ordinary 2J>2-gallon foam type fire extinguisher; other types of fire extinguishers may be substituted according to the following schedule: One 2%-gallon foam type is equivalent to one 15-pound carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) type or two 1-quart carbon tetrachloride type. (d) No fire extinguisher of capacity greater than 2){ gallons (or equivalent sizes of other types) shall be allowed a greater rating than the ordinary 2 ^-gallon size, but fire extinguishers of less capacity are allowable under the above tables when their total contents equal the required quantity on tank ships. (e) Tank ships of 15 gross tons and under shall be equipped with at least two 2}2-gallon foam type, or the equivalent, fire extinguishers as provided in § 34.5-6 (c). 34.5-7 Hand fire extinguishers required on tank vessels of over 15 gross tons using oil as fuel — TB/ALL. (a) In boiler rooms, and machinery spaces which contain internal combustion engines, there shall be provided at least two 2K-gallon foam-type fire extinguishers or their equivalents as provided in § 34.5-6 (c). On tank ships these fire extinguishers shall be in addition to those provided in § 34.5-6. (b) Where gasoline is carried in a separate storage tank for use in an auxiliary lighting or wireless unit or work boats, at least two 2}2-gallon foam-type fire extinguishers or their equivalents, as required in § 34.5-6 (c), shall be provided, and such fire extinguishers shall be located within a reasonable distance of the gasoline storage tank. SAND BOXES REQUIRED ON TANK VESSELS USING OIL AS FUEL UNDER BOILERS 34.6-1 Sand boxes required — TB/ALL. (a) Tank vessels of 500 gross tons and under, using oil as fuel under boilers, shall be fitted with metal tanks in the space where such oil is (D -58) TANK VESSELS used, containing 5 cubic feet of sand and a scoop or shaker for distributing the same, and such tank, sand, and scoop, when so provided may be considered as replacing one of the fire extinguishers required under § 34.5-7 (a). (b) Tank vessels of over 500 gross tons, using oil as fuel, under boilers, shall be fitted with metal tanks in the space where such oil is used, containing 10 cubic feet of sand and a scoop or shaker. FIRE-EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ON TANK BARGES 34.7-1 Portable extinguishing equipment for cargo spaces — B/ALL. (a) All tank barges of 100 gross tons and over, whose certificate requires that they be manned, and which are not equipped with a steam fire-extinguishing system as required on a tank ship, shall be equipped with approved chemical, inert gas, or foam in the following quantities: 33 gallons of foam, or 200 pounds of carbon dioxide, or 7 gallons of carbon tetrachloride. This is in addition to the hand extinguishers required in § 34.7-2. (b) The above equipment may be either portable or equipped with sufficient lengths of hose or piping to deliver the extinguishing agent to any point on deck or in the crew's accom- modation. If portable extinguishers are used, each unit must weigh less than 55 pounds. Extinguishers shall be located in protected and accessible places but not immediately adja- cent to cargo tank hatches and openings. 34.7-2 Hand fire extinguishers for quarters and engine spaces — B/ALL. (a) Each tank barge whose certificate requires that it be manned and each unmanned tank barge with pump room shall be provided with approved hand extinguishers located in or adjacent to the entrance of spaces, as follows: Living accommodations. Galley. Pump room. Pump engine room. Fire room. The fire extinguishers at each location shall be not less than one of the equivalent amounts as follows: 2){ gallons of foam, or 15 pounds of carbon dioxide, or 2 quarts of carbon tetrachloride. (D-59) TANK VESSELS In no event shall a manned tank barge or an unmanned tank barge with pump room be provided with less than one of the equivalent quantities, as follows: 5 gallons of foam, or 30 pounds of carbon dioxide, or 4 quarts of carbon tetrachloride. (b) Each unmanned tank barge not provided with a cargo pump room shall be equipped with at least one 2% gallon foam-type fire extinguisher or the equivalent, which may be carried aboard the barge or the towing vessel while under way. When the barge is moored to the dock, such equipment shall be accessible, or equivalent equipment may be supplied by the terminal. (D-60) PART 35.— OPERATION Sec. General 35.1-1 Licensed officers and crews of tank ships. 35.1-2 Physical condition of crew — TB/ALL. 35.1-3 Illness, alcohol, drugs— TB/ALL. 35.1-4 Watchman. 35.1-5 Station bills, muster lists, and line-throwing gun drills — T/ALL. 35.1-6 Carriage of persons other than crew — TB/ALL. 35.1-7 Emergency signals; fire and boat drills — T/ALL. 35.1-8 Shipping papers— TB/ALL. 35.1-9 Sanitary condition and crew quarters— T/ALL. Navigation 35.2-1 Notice to mariners; aids to navigation — -T/ALL. 35.2-2 Draft— T/OC. 35.2-3 Steering gear test— T/ALL, 35.2^ Steering orders— TB/ALL. 35.2-5 Lookouts— T/OC. 35.2-6 Unauthorized lights— T/ALL. 35.2-7 Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light— T/ALL. 35.2-8 Whistling— T/ALL. 35.2-9 Reports of accidents to tank vessels— T/ALL. Engine Department 35.3-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer — T/ALL. 35.3-2 Beports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machin- ery by engineers— T/ALL. Sec. 35.3-3 35.4-1 35.4-2 35.4-3 35.4-4 35.4-5 35.5-1 35.5-2 35.5-3 35.5-4 35.5-5 35.5-6 35.5-7 35.5-9 35.5-10 35.5-11 35.5-12 35.5-13 35.5-14 Requirements for fuel oil — T/ALL. General Safety Rules Warning signals and signs — TB/ALL. Matches and smoking— TB/ALL. Cargo and tank hatches and ullage holes— TB/ALL. Non-sparking tools — TB/ALL. Fresh-air breathing apparatus — TB/ALL. Cargo Handling Men on duty. Electric bonding— T/ALL. Closing of scuppers and sea valves — TB/ALL. Connecting cargo hose — TB/ALL. Inspection prior to transfer of cargo — TB/ALL. Approval to start transfer of cargo — TB/ALL. Duties of senior deck officer during transfer operations — TB/ALL. Conditions under which transfer operations shall not be com- menced or if started shall be discontinued — TB/ALL. Auxiliary steam, electric current — B/ALL. Cargo handling on unmanned tank barges — B/R. Termination of transfer operations — TB/ALL. Transfer of other cargo or stores. Maintenance of cargo handling equipment— TB/ALL. Emergencies— TB/ALL. GENERAL Section 35.1-1 Licensed officers and crews of tank ships — (a) T/ALL. No tank ship of the United States shall be navigated unless she shall have in her service and on board such complement of licensed officers and crew, including certificated lifeboat men (and certificated tanker men where required by the regulations in this subchapter), separately stated, as called for in her certificate of inspection. (b) T/LBR. No tank ship shall be navigated unless she shall have in her service and on board either a licensed master or pilot as called for in her certificate of inspection. (c) T/ALL. There shall be a duly licensed master on board every tank ship of more than 150 gross tons, whenever such tank ship is under way. (d) T/LBR. The navigation of every tank ship above 150 gross tons shall be under the control of a first-class pilot, and every such pilot shall be limited in his license to the particular service for which he is adapted. (e) T/LBR. A first-class pilot or a second-class pilot who has reached the age of 21 years may act as master or pilot in charge of the navigation of a tank ship not exceeding 150 327208°— 42- (D-61) TANK VESSELS gross tons. A second-class pilot is authorized to act as pilot in charge of a watch on any tank ship within the tonnage specified in his license. 35.1-2 Physical condition of crew — TB/ALL. No person shall be engaged as a member of the crew on a tank vessel if he is known by the employer to be physically or mentally incapable of performing the duties assigned him. 35.1-3 Illness, alcohol, drugs — TB/ALL. No person, known by the individual in charge of a tank vessel to be under the influence of liquor or other stimulant, or to be ill to such an extent as to unfit him for any particular service on the tank vessel, shall be allowed to perform such service while in such condition. 35.1-4 Watchman — (a) Manned barge — B/ALL. At least one member of the crew of a manned tank barge shall be on board at all times except when the vessel is gas-free or is moored at a dock or terminal at which watchman service is provided. (b) Unmanned barge — B/BLR. On each normally unmanned barge, or barge in tow, a strict watch shall be kept at all times from the towing vessel, either by a licensed officer or certificated tankerman, while the vessel is under way, and the same shall apply at all times while the barge is moored at a dock, unless the barge is gas-free, or watchman service is provided, or unless reasonable precaution is taken to prevent unauthorized persons from boarding the barge. These watchmen may be members of the regular complement of the towing vessel. 35.1-5 Station bills, muster lists, and line-throwing gun drills — T/ALL. It shall be the duty of the master of every tank ship over 500 gross tons to cause station bills and muster lists to be prepared before the vessel sails, which shall be signed by the master, who shall be responsible for their preparation. The station bills and muster lists shall be posted in conspicuous places in several parts of the tank ship, particularly in the crew's quarters, and must contain full particulars of the signals which will be used for calling the crew to their stations for emergency duties. Special duties shall be allotted to each member of the crew and the muster list shall show all these special duties and indicate the station to which each man must go and the duties he has to perform. The special duties should, as far as possible, be comparable to the regular work of the individual. The duties provided for by the muster lists should include: (a) The closing of airports, watertight doors, fire doors, and fire screens, the covers and all valves of all scuppers, sanitary and other discharges which lead through the ship's hull below the margin line, and stopping the fans and ventilating systems. (b) The extinction of fire. (c) The equipment of boats, rafts, and buoyant apparatus and their preparation for launching. (d) The master of a tank ship equipped with a line-carrying gun shall drill his crew in its use every 3 months, but the actual firing of the gun on the tank ships shall be discretionary with the master. Each drill shall be recorded in the ship's log book. (D-62) TANK VESSELS 35.1-6 Carriage of persons other than crew — TB/ALL. No person not connected with the operation of a tank ship or tank barge or not having legitimate business with said vessel, shall be permitted aboard while vessel is under way unless specifically allowed by its certificate. 35.1-7 Emergency signals; fire and boat drills — T/ALL. (a) The general fire-alarm signal shall be continuous rapid ringing of the ship's bell for a period not less than 10 seconds supplemented by the continuous ringing of the general alarm bells for not less than 10 seconds. For dismissal from fire-alarm stations, the general alarm bells should be sounded three times, supplemented by three short blasts of the whistle. The signal for boat drill or boat stations shall be more than six short blasts and one long blast of the whistle, supple- mented by the same signal on the general alarm bells. Where whistle signals are used to direct the handling of boats they shall be as follows: To lower boats, one short blast of the whistle. To stop lowering the boats, two short blasts of the whistle. For dismissal from boat stations three short blasts of the whistle: Provided, That on river vessels the whistle signals specified herein may be made on the ship's bell. (b) The master of any tank ship may establish such other emergency signal, in addition to the above, as will provide that all the officers and all the crew of the vessel will have positive and certain notice of the existing emergency. (c) The master may organize a squad to be used for emergency duties (other than a general emergency), or crew practices, and the nature of the signals or other means for assembling the squad remains within the discretion of the master. Such signals should not conflict with the navigational signals or the signals used lor a general alarm. (d) It shall be the duty of the master, or the mate, or officer next in command, once at least in each week, to call all hands to quarters and exercise them in discipline, and (weather permitting), in the unlashing and swinging out of the lifeboats, the closing of all hand or power-operated watertight doors which are in use at sea, closing all fire doors and fire screens, the use of fire pumps, and all other apparatus for the safety of life on board of such vessels with special regard lor the drill of the crew in the method of adjusting life preservers, and to see that all the equipments required by law are in complete working order for immediate use; the fad of exercise of the crew, as herein contemplated, shall be entered upon the vessel's log book. (e) The section relating to fire and boat drills contemplates that such drills shall be con- ducted precisely as though an emergency existed. To accomplish the purpose of the section, lifeboat covers and strongbacks shall be removed, plugs or caps put in place, boat ladders secured in position for use, painters carried forward and tended so as to provide a good lead and slack to hold the boat in position under the davits when in the water. The person in charge of each lifeboat or life raft should have a list of its crew and should see that the men under his orders are acquainted with their several duties. The hand pumps and fire pump (D-63) TANK VESSELS shall be operated long enough and a sufficient number of outlets used to insure that such equipment is in order and effectual. The motor and the hand-operated propeller gear of each lifeboat shall be operated for a period of not less than 5 minutes once at least in every 7 days, in order that-it may be ready for service at any time. Such operation shall be made a part of the report of such drill. When oxygen-breathing apparatus, gas masks, or other special equipment is carried, certain members of the crew shall be trained in the use of the equipment. (f) The entries in the vessel's log book relating to the exercise of the crew in fire and boat drills shall state the day of the month and the hour when so exercised, length of time of the drill, number of the boats swung out, number of lengths of hose used, and a statement of the condition of all fire and life-saving apparatus. (g) Any neglect or omission on the part of the officer in command of such vessels to strictly enforce the provisions of this section shall be deemed cause for suspension or revo- cation of the license of such officer. (h) It shall be the duty of the master to require the officers and crew of all such vessels to perform the aforesaid drills and discipline in the presence of said inspectors at intervals sufficiently frequent to assure the said inspectors, by actual observance, that the foregoing requirements of this section are complied with. (i) A copy of this section shall be furnished each vessel to which this section applies, to be framed under glass and posted in conspicuous places about the vessel. 35.1-8 Shipping papers — TB/ALL. Each loaded tank vessel shall have on board a bill of lading, manifest, or shipping document giving the name of the consignee and the loca- tion of the delivery point, the kind, grades, and approximate quantity of each kind and grade of cargo, and for whose account the cargo is being handled. The tank vessel shall not be delayed in order to secure exact quantities of cargo. Such manifests or bills of lading may be made out by the master, master of the towing vessel, owner, or agent of the owner. Provided, however, in the case of unmanned barges where shipping papers are not available, an entry in the log book of the towing vessel giving the name of the shipper and location of shipping point, the name of the consignee and location of delivery point, the approximate kind, grade and quantity of cargo in each barge of the tow, and for whose account the cargo is being han- dled, shall be considered as complying with the requirements of this section. 35.1-9. Sanitary condition and crew quarters — T/ALL. (a) It shall be the duty of the master and chief engineer of every tankship to see that such vessel and crew's quarters are kept in a sanitary condition. (b) Crew quarters shall be kept in sanitary condition by daily cleaning and removal of rubbish, and by painting at regular intervals as needed. Floors shall be maintained in good condition to facilitate cleaning. Lighting, heating, and ventilation in quarters shall be main- tained in satisfactory condition: Provided, however, That forced ventilation when installed may be closed down during transfer of cargo. Repairs or changes in electric wiring shall only be made with the approval of the chief engineer. (D-64) TANK VESSELS NAVIGATION 35.2-1 Notice to mariners; aids to navigation — T/ALL. (a) Licensed officers are re- quired to acquaint themselves with the latest information published by the U. S. Coast Guard and the U. S. Navy regarding aids to navigation, and neglect to do so is evidence of neglect of duty. It is desirable that vessels navigating oceans and coastwise and Great Lakes waters shall have available in the pilot house for convenient reference at all times a file of the applicable Notice to Mariners. All vessels shall have charts of the waters on which they operate available for convenient reference at all times. (b) Notice to Mariners, published weekly by the U. S. Coast Guard, which contains announcements and information regarding aids to navigation and charts of waters of the United States, is available for free distribution at the following places: Field offices of the U. S. Coast Guard; U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey field stations; and the Marine Division, Custom House. Notice to Mariners, published weekly by the U. S. Navy for the correction of charts, sailing directions, light lists and other publications, and which includes foreign waters and certain waters of the United States, is available for free distribution at the Hydro- graphic Office, branch Hydrographic offices, or any of the agencies of seaboard ports, and is also on file in the United States consulates, where it may be inspected. 35.2-2 Draft — T/OC. The master of every tank ship shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his vessel in the log book. 35.2-3 Steering gear test — T/ALL. On all tank ships making voyages of more than 48 hours' duration, the entire steering gear, the whistle, the means of communication, and the signaling appliances between the bridge or pilot house and engine room shall be examined and tested by a licensed officer of the vessel within a period of not more than 12 hours before leaving port. All such vessels making voyages of less than 48 hours' duration or operating on lakes, bays, sounds, and rivers shall be so examined and tested at least once in every week. The fact and time of such examination and test shall be recorded in the ship's log book. 35.2-4 Steering orders — TB/ALL. (a) Effective January 1, 1936 for all ocean and coastwise tank vessels fitted with rudders, and effective January 1, 1937, for all other tank vessels fitted with rudders, the following steering orders shall be given in the direct sense as follows: (b) Right rudder shall be given only when it is intended that the wheel, the rudder blade, and the head of the ship should go to the right. Left rudder shall be given only when it is intended that the wheel, the rudder blade, and the head of the ship should go to the left. (c) Where rudder indicators are provided, they shall be installed consistent with the foregoing. 35.2-5 Lookouts — T/OC. All vessels navigating the ocean during the nighttime shall have a lookout at all times at or near the bow. Nothing in this section shall exonerate any master or officer in command from the consequences of any neglect to keep a proper lookout or the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case. (D-65) TANK VESSELS 35.2-6 Unauthorized lights — T/ALL. Any master or pilot of any vessel who shall authorize or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required by law that in any way will interfere with distinguishing the signal lights may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of E. S. 4450 (46 U.S.C. 239), as amended, looking to a revocation or suspension of his license. 35.2-7 Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light — T/ALL. Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light onto the bridge or into the pilot house of any vessel under way is prohibited. Any person who shall flash or cause to be flashed the rays of a blinding light in violation of the above may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of Section 4450 R. S., as amended, looking to the revocation or suspension of his license or certificate. 35.2-8 Whistling — T/ALL. Unnecessary sounding of vessel's whistle is prohibited within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any tank ship shall authorize or permit such unnecessary whistling, such officer may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of U.S. 4450, as amended, looking to a revocation or suspension of his license. 35.2-9 Reports of accidents to tank vessels — T/ALL. (a) The licensed officer in command of any tank ship shall report in writing and in person to the board of local inspectors nearest the port of first arrival any accident to said ship involving loss of life or damage to property to an approximate amount exceeding $500 and shall also report in the same manner any casualty or loss of life from whatever cause of any person on board such vessel, and any stranding or grounding, whether or not any damage has been sustained by the vessel: Provided, That when from distance it may be inconvenient to report in person it may be done in writing only, and the report sworn to before any person authorized to administer oaths. (b) Whenever a tank ship collides with a lightship, buoy, or other aid to navigation under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Coast Guard, or is connected with any such collision, it shall be the duty of the licensed officer in command of such vessel to report the accident to the nearest board of local inspectors. When any collision of this character is reported to a board of local inspectors, those officers shall immediately transmit such information to the District Commander, U. S. Coast Guard, of the district in which the collision occurred. (c) Whenever a tank barge in tow collides with a lightship, buoy, or other aid to naviga- tion under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Coast Guard, or is connected with any such collision, it shall be the duty of the person in command of the towing vessel to report the accident to the nearest Board of Local Inspectors, and when any collision of this character is reported to the local inspectors, such information shall be immediately transmitted to the District Commander, U. S. Coast Guard, of the district in which the collision occurred. (d) Whenever in an investigation of an accident it develops that such accident was due to a collision with a light vessel, buoy, or other aid to navigation under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Coast Guard, or to any fault of any aid, or through the lack of such aid, the Bureau shall promptly notify the Commandant, U. S. Coast Guard, on the form provided for the purpose, the location of the accident; the aid to navigation near or at which the accident (D-66) TANK VESSELS occurred; the nature of the accident; the alleged cause of the accident; whether or not the accident is due to some alleged fault of the aid, either in its operation or location ; the proposed improvement in the aid; and all other information or recommendations developed in the investigation which would be of value to the U. S. Coast Guard. (e) Boards of local inspectors are authorized to call on the District Commander, U. S. Coast Guard, of the district for any information concerning aids to navigation that will be useful in an investigation of an accident. ENGINE DEPARTMENT 35.3-1 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer — T/ALL. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and machinery of a vessel to ex- amine the same forthwith and thoroughly, and if he finds any part thereof in bad condition, he shall immediately report the facts to the master, owner, or agent, and to the local inspectors of the district, who shall thereupon investigate the matter, and if the former engineer has been wilfully negligent in the performance of his duties, he may be proceeded against under the provisions of R.S. 4450 as amended looking to a suspension or revocation of his license. 35.3-2 Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machinery by engineers— T/ALL. (a) Before making repairs to a boiler of a tank ship, the engineer in charge of such tank ship shall report, in writing, the nature of such repairs to the local inspectors of the district wherein such repairs are to be made. (b) It shall be the duty of all engineers, when an accident occurs to the boilers or ma- chinery in their charge tending to render the further use of such boilers or machinery unsafe until repairs are made, or when, by reason of ordinary wear, such boilers or machinery have become unsafe, to report the same to the local inspectors immediately upon the arrival of the vessel at the first port reached subsequent to the accident or after the discovery of such unsafe condition by said engineer. 35.3-3 Requirements for fuel oil — T/ALL. (a) Oil to be used as fuel to be burned under boilers on tank ships subject to the jurisdiction of this Bureau shall have a flash point of not less than 150° F. (closed cup test). (b) It shall be the duty of the chief engineer to make an entry in the log of each supply of fuel oil received on board, stating the quantity received, the name of the vendor, and the flash point (closed cup test) for which it is certified by the vendor. (c) It shall be the further duty of the chief engineer to draw and seal at the time the supply is received on board, a half-pint sample of each lot of fuel oil, such sample to be pre- served imtil that particular supply of oil is exhausted. (D-67) TANK VESSELS GENERAL SAFETY RULES 35.4-1 Warning signals and signs — TB/ALL — (a) Red warning signals. Red signals (flag by day and electric lantern at night) should be kept at hand for display during transfer of cargo. (b) Warning sign at gangway. Warning placards should be kept at hand for display while a vessel is fast to a dock during transfer of cargo, to warn persons approaching the gangway. The placard shall state in letters not less than 2 inches high substantially as follows: WARNING No open lights. No smoking. No visitors. (c) Warning sign in radio room. A sign shall be placed in radio room warning against the use of radio equipment during transfer of Grade A, B, or C liquids, except by permis- sion of senior deck officer. 35.4-2 Matches and smoking — TB/ALL, — (a) Matches. The use of other than safety matches is forbidden aboard tank vessels at all times. (b) Smoking. Smoking is forbidden on board a tank vessel except at such times and in such places as permitted by the captain or member of the crew in charge. "No Smoking" signs shall be posted in appropriate places. 35.4-3 Cargo and tank hatches and ullage holes — TB/ALL. No cargo tank hatch covers or ullage holes shall be opened or shall remain open without flame screens, except under the supervision of the senior member of the crew on duty, unless the tank opened is gas free. 35.4-4 Nonsparking tools — TB/ALL. Nonsparking tools shall be provided for opening and closing cargo hatch covers. 35.4-5 Fresh air breathing apparatus — TB/ALL. All manned tank vessels having cargo tanks which exceed 15 feet in depth, measured from the deck, shall be provided with fresh air breathing apparatus, including belt and life lines. CARGO HANDLING 35.5-1 Men on duty — (a) TB/ALL. A sufficient number of the crew shall be on duty to perform transfer operations. (b) B/ALL. In the case of unmanned barges, a licensed deck officer or certificated tanker man may be supplied by a terminal. 35.5-2 Electric bonding — T/ALL. A tank vessel may be electrically connected to the shore piping, through which the cargo is to be transferred, prior to the connecting of a cargo hose. This electrical connection, if made, shall be maintained until after the cargo hose has been disconnected and any spillage has been removed. (D-68) TANK VESSELS 35.5-3 Closing of scuppers and sea valves — TB/ALL. Deck officer in charge shall see that all scuppers are properly plugged during transfer operations except on tank vessels using water for deck cooling. Sea valves shall be closed and lashed or otherwise secured to indicate that they should not be opened before and during all cargo loading operations. 35.5-4 Connecting cargo hose — TB/ALL. Sufficient hose shall be used to provide for movement of vessel. Gaskets shall be used in every hose joint and in couplings to pipe lines; and where bolted flanged joints are used a sufficient number of bolts shall be used to secure a tight connection. Under no circumstances, shall less than three bolts be used hi a bolted flanged coupling. When hose is supported by ship's tackle, the senior deck officer on duty shall see that sufficient tackles are used. Pans or buckets shall be placed under hose connections on the tank vessel. 35.5-5 Inspection prior to transfer of cargo — TB/ALL. Prior to the transfer of cargo, the senior deck officer on duty, who shall be a licensed officer or certificated tanker man, shall inspect the vessel to assure himself that the following conditions exist: (a) Warnings are displayed as required. (b) No repair work in way of cargo spaces is being carried on without his permission. (c) Cargo hose is connected and cargo valves are set. (d) All cargo connections for the loading of Grade A, B, and C cargoes have been made to the vessel's pipe lines and not through open end hose hi a hatch. (e) In loading Grade A, B, and C cargoes, there are no fires or open flames present on the deck, or in any compartment which is located on, facing, open, and adjacent to that part of the deck, on which cargo hose is connected. (f) The shore terminal or the other tank vessel concerned has reported itself in readiness for transfer of cargo. 35.5-6 Approval to start transfer of cargo — TB/ALL. When the senior deck officer on duty has assured himself that the requirements of § 35.5-5 have been met, he may give his approval to start operations. 35.5-7 Duties of senior deck officer during transfer operations — TB/ALL. The senior deck officer on duty shall control the operations as follows: (a) Supervise the operations of cargo system valves. (b) Start transfer of cargo slowly. (c) Observe hose and connections for leakage. (d) Observe operating pressure on cargo system. (e) Observe rate of loading for the purpose of avoiding overflow of tanks. 35.5-8 Conditions under which transfer operations shall not be commenced or if started shall be discontinued — TB/ALL. Cargo transfer operations shall not be started or, if started, shall be discontinued under the following conditions: (a) During severe electrical storms. (b) If a fire occurs on the wharf or on the tanker or in the vicinity. (D-69) TANK VESSELS (c) If a tow boat, comes directly alongside in way of cargo tanks of a tanker or tank barge which is loading Grade A, B, or C cargo. 35.5-9 Auxiliary steam, electric current — B/ALL. When discharging cargo from one or more barges, the towing vessel may furnish steam, air, or electric current for pumps on barges or dock, but in no case shall the cargo pass through or over the towing vessel. 35.5-10 Cargo handling on unmanned tank barges — B/R. The duties prescribed for officers and crew in §§ 35.5-1 to 35.5-14 shall, in the case of unmanned barges operating on inland waters tributary to the Gulf of Mexico, devolve upon the person or persons who in fact accomplish the operations described and who may not be members of the crew of the towing vessel. 35.5-11 Termination of transfer operations — TB/ALL. When transfer operations are completed the valves on hose connections on vessels shall be closed. The cargo hose shall be drained of cargo. 35.5-12 Transfer of other cargo or stores — (a) TB/ALL. Package goods, freight, and ships' stores shall not be loaded or discharged during the loading of Grade A, B, or C products except by permission of the senior deck officer on duty. Explosives as cargo shall not be loaded or carried on any tank vessel containing Grade A, B, or C cargo. (b) TB/ALL. Package and general cargo may be carried in horizontal cofferdams and similar deck spaces which are adequately ventilated, provided no cargo tank hatch or vent opens into the space, and provided further that such package or general cargo is properly dunnaged to prevent chafing of metal parts and is securely lashed or stowed. (c) B/ALL. Tank barges may be permitted to transport deck cargoes directly over bulk cargo spaces when the nature of such deck cargoes, and the method of loading and un- loading same does not create an undue hazard. Such vessels shall have their decks properly dunnaged to prevent chafing between the steel parts of the vessel and the deck cargo. (d) B/ALL. Vents on cargo tanks of tank barges which transport general cargo directly over bulk cargo spaces shall be extended to an elevation above that at which the general cargo over such spaces is stowed. 35.5-13 Maintenance of cargo-handling equipment — TB/ALL. This equipment shall be maintained by the tank vessel's personnel in accordance with the regulations in this subchapter, including the following: (a) Cargo hose shall not be used in transfer operations in which the pressures are such that leakage of cargo occurs through the body of the hose. (b) Cargo pump relief valves shall be tested at least once each year to determine that they function satisfactorily at the pressure at which they are set to open. (c) Cargo pump pressure gauge shall be tested at least once a year for accuracy. (d) The cargo discharge piping of all tank vessels shall be tested at least once each year for tightness, at the maximum working pressure. 35.5-14 Emergencies — TB/ALL. In case of emergencies nothing in the regulations in this subchapter shall be construed as preventing the senior officer present from pursuing the most effective action in his judgment for rectifying the conditions causing the emergency. (D-70) PART 36.— LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN See. Licensed Officers 36.1-1 Original licenses— T/ALL. 36.1-2 Qualifications for license as engineer of steam vessels— T/ALL. 36.1-3 Medical examination for original license — T/ALL. 36.1-4 Medical examination for renewal of license and raise of grade — T/ALL. 36.1-5 Professional examination and service — T/ALL. 36.1-6 Substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade — T/OC. 36.1-7 Indorsement of master's or mate's licenses as pilot — T/ALL. 36.1-8 Extension of pilot's route — T/LBR. 36.1-9 Master, mate, and pilot of steam pilot vessels or vessels in Puerto Rican and Hawaiian waters — T/OC. 36.1-10 Extension of route and raise of grade of licenses — T/ALL. 36.1-11 Laws, general rules and regulations and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers — T/ALL. 36.1-12 Preparation of licenses — T/ALL. 36.1-13 Renewal of license — T/ALL. 36.1-14 Reexaminations and refusal of licenses — T/ALL. 36.1-15 Parting with license— T/ALL. 36.1-16 Lost license— T/ALL. 36.1-17 Suspension or revocation of license — T/ALL. 36.1-18 Misconduct of licensed officers — T/ALL. 36.1-19 Licenses to officers of vessels owned by the United States — T/ALL. Certificated Men 36.2-1 Able seamen— TB/OCLB. 36.2-2 Certificated lifeboat men— TB/OCLB. 36.2-3 Certificated tanker men— TB/ALL. Qualifications for Officers : Oceans 36.3-1 Master of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-2 Examination for master of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-3 Chief mate of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-4 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-5 Second mate of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-6 Examination for license as second mate of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-7 Third mate of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-8 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels— T/O. 36.3-9 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-10 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-11 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-12 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. 36.3-l2a Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, steam vessels— T/OC. 36.3-13 Engineers of motor vessels — T/O. Sec. 36.3-14 Chief engineer of motor vessels — T/O. 36.3-15 First assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. 36.3-16 Second assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. 36.3-17 Third assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. 36.3-18 Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, motor vessels— T/OC. Qualifications for Officers : Coastwise 36.4-1 Master of steam vessels — T/C. 36.4-2 Examination for master of steam vessels — T/C. 36.4-3 Chief mate of steam vessels — T/C. 36.4-4 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels— T/C. 36.4-5 Second mate of steam vessels — T/C. 36.4-6 Examinacion for license as second mate of steam vessels— T/O. 36.4-7 Third mate of steam vessels— T/C. 36.4-8 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels — T/C. 36.4-9 Engineers of steam and motor vessels— T/C. Qualifications for Officers: Great Lakes 36.5-1 Master of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-2 Mate of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-3 Experience required for license as pilot— T/L. 36.5-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. 36.5-9 Engineers of motor vessels— T/L. Qualifications for Officers : Bays, Sounds, and Lakes Other Than the Great Lakes 36.6-1 Master of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-2 Mate of steam vessels— T/B . 36.6-3 Experience required for license as pilot — T/B. 36.6-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. 36.6-9 Engineers of motor vessels — T/B. Qualifications for Officers : Rivers 36.7-1 Master of river steamers — T/R. 36.7-2 Mate of river steamers— T/R. 36.7-3 Experience required for license as pilot — T/R. 36.7-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/R. 36.7-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/R. 36.7-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. 36.7-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. 36.7-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. 36.7-9 Engineers of motor vessels — T/R. (D-71) TANK VESSELS LICENSED OFFICERS Section 36.1-1 Original licenses — T/ALL. (a) The first license issued to any person by a United States inspector shall be considered an original license, where the United States records show no previous issue to such applicant. Before an original license is granted to any person to act as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, he shall personally appear before some board of local inspectors for examination. Any person who has attained the age of 21 years and is qualified in all other respects shall be eligible for examination: Provided, That license as third mate, third assistant engineer, or second-class pilot may be granted to applicants who have reached the age of 19 years, and are qualified in all other respects: Provided further , That no such license may be raised in grade before the holder thereof shall have reached the age of 21 years. (b) Inspectors shall, before granting an original license to any person to act as an officer of a vessel, require the applicant to make written application upon the blank form furnished by the Department of Commerce, to be filed in the inspectors' office. When practicable, applicants for license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall present to the inspectors, to be filed with their application discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served, certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served under him; also period of such service. Inspectors shall also, when practicable, require applicant for pilot's license to have written indorsement of the master and engineer of the vessel upon which he has served, and of one licensed pilot as to his qualifications. In the case of applicants for original engineer's license, they shall also, when practicable, have the indorsement of the master and engineer of a vessel on which they have served, together with one other licensed engineer. (c) No original license shall be issued to any naturalized citizen on less experience in any grade than would have been required of a citizen of the United States by birth. (d) Before granting an original license to any naturalized citizen to act as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, inspectors shall require the applicant to produce his naturalization certi- ficate. In the event the applicant is without such certificate, or there is any doubt whatso- ever about the citizenship of the applicant, he shall be reouired to produce a certificate from the proper United States naturalization officer certifying to the citizenship of the applicant. (e) A record of every application for license, raise of grade, and extension of route, together with all examinations, medical certificates, and correspondence in connection therewith, shall be kept on file in the office of the local inspectors of the district. (f) Wherever in the regulations in this subchapter reference is made to deck officers of steam vessels, that term shall extend to and include deck officers of motor vessels. (D-72) TANK VESSELS 36.1-2 Qualifications for license as engineer of steam vessels — T/ALL. (a) No person shall receive an original license as engineer or assistant engineer of steam vessels (except for special license as engineer of a steam vessel of any kind of 10 gross tons or under on which a licensed engineer is required) who has not served at least 36 months in the engi- neers' department of a steam vessel, except as hereinafter provided. (b) No person shall receive license as above, except for special license, who is not able to determine the weight necessary to be placed on the lever of a safety valve (the diameter of valve, length of lever, distance from center of valve to fulcrum, weight of lever, and weight of valve and stem being known) to withstand any given pressure of steam in a boiler, or who is not able to figure and determine the strain brought on the braces of a boiler with a given pressure of steam, the position and distance apart of braces being known, such know- ledge to be determined by an examination in writing, and the report of examination filed with the application in the office of the local inspectors, and no engineer or assistant engineer now holding a license shall have the grade of the same raised without possessing the above qualifications. No original license shall be granted any engineer or assistant engineer who cannot read and write and does not understand the plain rules of arithmetic. (c) No person holding a special engineer's license shall be eligible for examination for a higher grade of license until such person has actually served 2 years under the authority of his license and 1 additional year in a subordinate capacity upon steamers requiring regularly licensed officers. (d) Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel upon which he may act. 36.1-3 Medical examination for original license — T/ALL. (a) No candidate for original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be examined until he presents a certificate from the United States Public Health Service, duly attested, that he has passed a satisfactory examination based on the contents of "The Ship's Medicine Chest and First Aid at Sea," or some other manual arranged for the purpose having the approval of the United States Public Health Service. (b) No original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be issued except upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service respecting the eyesight, hearing, and physical condition of the applicant. (c) Where from distance or other cause, except as hereinafter provided, an applicant would be put to great inconvenience or great expense to appear before a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service for examination, the certificate of a reputable physician may be accepted in lieu of the certificate of the Public Health Service, and the Director may waive the examination for a like cause: Provided, That in no case shall an original license as master, mate, or pilot be issued except upon the certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service respecting the acuity of vision and color sense of the applicant. (D-73) TANK VESSELS (d) In the event any license shall have been issued without the certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service, as provided for herein, the inspector who issued such license shall immediately make a written report of the circumstances of the case to the Director and retain a copy of such report in the office file containing the record of the appli- cant's examination for license. (e) Applicants for license as engineer shall not be subjected to examination as to ability to distinguish colors. 36.1-4 Medical examination for renewal of license and raise of grade — T/ALL. (a) No license as master, mate, or pilot shall be renewed or raise of grade granted except upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service that the color sense of the applicant is normal. (b) Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who has lost the sight of one eye from securing a renewal of his license, provided he is qualified in all other respects. (c) In the event an applicant for renewal of license is pronounced color blind, the in- spectors may grant him a license limited to service during daylight only. (d) Any person holding a license as mate on steamers navigating waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico and their tributaries, issued prior to 1905, may have such license renewed without being subjected to the examination for color sense. (e) Applicants for renewal of license or raise of grade as engineer shall not be subjected to examination as to ability to distinguish colors. (f) In the event an inspector finds that an applicant for raise of grade or renewal of license obviously suffers from near-sightedness, eye disease, poor hearing, or some other physical or mental infirmity to a degree that, in the opinion of the inspector, would render him incompetent to perform the ordinary duties of an officer at sea, he shall be required to undergo an examination by a surgeon of the Public Health Service to determine his compe- tency in such respects. (g) If the applicant subsequently produces a certificate from the Public Health Service to the effect that his condition has improved to a satisfactory degree, or is normal, he shall be qualified in this respect. (h) Where from distance, or other cause, the applicant would be put to great incon- venience or expense to appear before a surgeon of the Public Health Service for examination, the certificate of a reputable physician, or an oculist for vision or color sense, may be accepted in lieu of certificate of a surgeon of the Public Health Service. 36.1-5 Professional examination and service — T/ALL. (a) Before an applicant for original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, or raise of grade of any license, or any extension of route, may be examined, the applicant shall, if practicable, present to the in- spectors discharges or letters certifying to the amount and character of his experience. If the amount and character of his experience is satisfactory and he is eligible in all other re- (D-74) TANK VESSELS spects, the applicant shall be examined as to his knowledge, in writing, by a board of local inspectors. (b) No applicant for a license, who is a naturalized citizen, and who has obtained his experience on foreign vessels, shall be given a grade of license higher than that upon which he has actually served while acting under the authority of a foreign license. (c) When the application of any person for license has been approved, it shall be the duty of the inspectors to give the applicant the required examination as soon as practicable. (d) If, however, applicants for license cannot be examined without material delay by the inspectors of the district in which the applicant resides or is employed, said local inspectors shall endeavor, through the supervising inspector of the district, to arrange for such ex- amination by some other board of local inspectors. 36.1-6 Substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade — T/OC. Except as hereinafter provided, an applicant who has served in a lower grade than that for which he is licensed may substitute service in the grade next below that for which he is licensed, which service shall count one-half in computing experience for raise of grade. For example, if an applicant while holding license as chief mate or first assistant engineer serves 9 months as chief mate or first assistant engineer and 6 months in the next lower grade, the 6 months' service shall count as 3 months in the higher grade in either case. Except as hereinafter provided, service as licensed officer in charge of a watch shall count as full time for raise of grade to second mate or second assistant engineer. 36.1-7 Indorsement of Master's or mate's licenses as pilot — T/ALL. Whenever a master or mate desires to act in the double capacity of master and pilot, or mate and pilot, and furnishes the necessary evidence of his qualifications, the local inspectors shall indorse such pilot routes on the certificate of license. 36.1-8 Extension of pilot's route — T/LBR. (a) Whenever any pilot applies to a board of local inspectors for an extension of route over waters within their jurisdiction, he shall make written application on form furnished by department, stating the extension de- sired, and shall be examined, in writing, on the aids to navigation on such extension and upon such other matters as they may deem necessary and, if found qualified, such extension shall be indorsed upon his license. (b) Local inspectors may indorse a pilot's license for authority to act on waters outside of their jurisdiction subject to the examination and approval of the local inspectors having jurisdiction. Local inspectors, to whom such application is made, may request the board of local inspectors having jurisdiction over the waters for which such additional authority is desired to forward them a list of questions and subjects upon which the applicant is to be examined, which examination shall be returned to the local inspectors having jurisdiction; and, if they are satisfied from the examination that the applicant is capable, the board having jurisdiction shall grant the authority and advise the other board to indorse the license accord- (D-75) TANK VESSELS ingly. The applicant for such indorsement for extension of authority shall make written application upon form furnished by the department. 36.1-9 Master, mate, and pilot of steam pilot vessels or vessels in Puerto Rican and Hawaiian waters- — T/OC. (a) Any applicant for original license to act as master of steam or sail vessels navigating between ports of the Hawaiian Islands, or between ports of the island of Puerto Rico, shall have had at least 3 years' experience in the deck department of such vessels, and, except as hereinafter provided, for an original license as mate the appli- cant shall have had 2 years' experience in the deck department of such vessels, which fact shall be verified by documentary evidence; and such applicant shall be subjected only to such examination as shall satisfy the inspectors that the applicant is capable of navigating such vessels. The license issued under this section shall state in the body thereof "for coast- wise only," Pacific or Atlantic coast, as the case may be, and between what ports on either of said coasts. (b) It is further provided, That any applicant for original license who has had 3 years' experience in the deck department on steam pilot boats, or who has had 2 years' experience in the deck department on steam pilot boats and 1 year's experience on sail pilot boats, shall be eligible for examination for license as mate on steam pilot boats. (c) It is further provided, That said master's or mate's license may be indorsed as pilot on such inland waters on the above-named coasts as the local inspectors at the various ports may find the holder qualified to act as pilot, after examination by the local inspectors, such examination to be in writing and preserved in the files of the inspectors' office. (d) Provided that licenses required for masters and engineers operating seagoing vessels propelled by internal combustion engines navigating exclusively in the district covering the Hawaiian Islands shall be granted by the local inspectors of that district upon consideration of applications duly executed and certified to by reputable citizens qualified to judge the character, trustworthiness, and ability of the applicant. The local inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to the applicant's character and merits, and if satisfied, from oral exam- ination, or practical demonstration of the applicant, and with the proof that he offers, that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill, they shall grant him a license. Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who does not present a certificate from the United States Public Health Service based upon the subject of ship sanitation and first aid, provided he is qualified in all other respects. 36.1-10 Extension of route and raise of grade of licenses — T/ALL. (a) Licensed officers serving under 5 years' license, entitled by license and service to raise of grade, after passing examination, shall have issued to them new licenses for the grade for which they are qualified, the local inspectors to file in their office the old license when surrendered, with the report of the circumstances of the case, but the grade of no license shall be raised except as hereinafter provided, unless the applicant can show 1 year's actual experience in the capac- ity for which he has been licensed. (b) Inspectors shall, before granting an extension of route or raise of grade of license, require the applicant to make his written application upon the blank form of application for (D -76) TANK VESSELS extension of route or raise of grade of license furnished by the department. When practi- cable, applicants for extension of route or raise of grade of license shall present to the inspec- tors, to be filed with the application, discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served, or other satisfactory documentary evidence, certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served; also period of such service. (c) If any board of local inspectors is satisfied by the documentary evidence submitted that a pilot is entitled by experience and knowledge to unlimited tonnage, it may remove any tonnage restrictions which may have been placed upon his license by any other board of local inspectors. (d) Except as hereinafter provided, practical service hi the deck department of an ocean or coastwise vessel propelled by machinery shall be accepted when offered in documentary evidence by any person applying for an original license or raise of grade as equal to the same amount of service in any ocean or coastwise steam passenger vessel. (e) Service on United States lighthouse tenders propelled by machinery shall be con- sidered as equivalent experience for raise of grade to that obtained on vessels subject to inspection by this service. (f) Service on United States light vessels propelled by machinery shall be considered as one-half experience for raise of grade to that obtained on vessels subject to inspection by this service. 36.1-11 Laws, general rules and regulations and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers — T/ALL. Every master, mate, pilot, and engineer of vessels shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the in- spectors with a copy of an official publication containing the Inspection Laws governing the Bureau, and a copy of the General Rules and Regulations Prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, including those applicable to tank vessels; and every master and pilot of vessels, including those serving on tank vessels or motor vessels shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the inspectors with a pamphlet copy of the rules and regulations governing pilots and of the statutes upon which such rules are founded, applicable to the waters on which their licenses are intended to be used, as stated in the body thereof. 36.1-12 Preparation of licenses — T/ALL. (a) All licenses hereafter issued to masters, mates, pilots, and engineers shall be filled out on the face with pen and black ink instead of typewritten. Inspectors are directed, when licenses are completed, to draw a broad pen and black -ink mark through all unused spaces in the body thereof, so as to prevent, as far as possible, illegal interpolation after issue. (b) Licenses signed by one local inspector only shall not be valid, nor shall the name of a regular inspector be substituted by that of any other person upon such certificate. (D-77) 327208°— 42 — — ft TANK VESSELS (c) Every person receiving license or a certificate of lost license shall sign the same and leave a print of his left thumb upon the back thereof, immediately upon its receipt. (d) Local inspectors will be provided with a blank sheet to be attached to the license when more space is needed for endorsements. This sheet shall be securely glued to the license in a manner so that it may be folded under the license. (e) The sheet shall bear the signature and thumbprint of the holder as is required for licenses, and shall be inscribed with the words, "Serial Number", "Issue Number", "This license expires " (in red ink) , as appear on licenses. These data shall be identical with those which appear on the license. 36.1-13 Renewal of license — T/ALL. (a) Whenever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his license for the same grade, the presentation of the old license, with satisfactory certificate of visual examination, where required, and with oath of office, shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renewal, which old license and oath of office shall be retained by the inspectors upon their official files as the evidence upon which the license was renewed: Provided, That it is presented within 12 months after the date of its expiration, unless such title has been forfeited or facts shall have come to the knowledge of the inspectors which would render a renewal improper; nor shall any license be renewed more than 30 days in advance of the date of the expiration thereof, unless there are extraordinary circumstances that shall justify a renewal beforehand, in which case the reasons therefor must appear in detail upon the records of the inspectors renewing the license. (b) It shall be the duty of all inspectors, before renewing an existing license to a master or pilot of steam vessels, for any waters, who has not been employed as master or pilot on such waters during the 3 years preceding the application for renewal, to satisfy themselves, by an examination in writing, or orally, to be taken down in writing by the inspectors, that such officers are thoroughly familiar with the pilot rules upon the waters for which they are licensed. (c) Whenever an officer shall apply for renewal of his license for same grade, after 12 months after the date of its expiration, he shall be required to pass an examination for the same grade of license, of such length and scope as will, in the judgment of the local inspectors, be sufficient to adequately demonstrate the continued professional knowledge of the examinee. The renewed license shall receive the next higher number for number of issue of present grade and for number of issues of all grades. (d) Whenever a licensed officer makes application for a renewal of his license, he shall appear in person before some board of local inspectors or supervising inspector, except that upon renewal of such license for the same grade, when the distance from any local board or supervising inspector is such as to put the person holding the same to great inconvenience and expense to appear in person, he may, upon taking oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths, and forwarding the same, together with the license to be renewed and certificate of visual examination where required, to the local board or super- vising inspector of the district in which he resides or is employed, have the same renewed by (D-78) TANK VESSELS the said inspectors, if no valid reason to the contrary be known to them; and they shall attach such oath to the stub end of the license, which is to be retained on file in their office: Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the United States, may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with his certificate of citizenship, if naturalized, and a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer of the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person; and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal, and no license as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without furnishing a satisfactory certificate of color blindness. 36.1-14 Reexaminations and refusal of licenses — T/ALL. (a) Any applicant for license who has been duly examined and refused may come before the same local board for reexamination at any time thereafter that may be fixed by such board, but he shall not be examined by any other local board until 1 year has expired from the date of the refusal without the sanction of the board that refused the applicant. (b) If the inspectors shall decline to grant the applicant the license asked for, they shall furnish him a statement, in writing, setting forth the cause of their refusal to grant the same. 36.1-15 Parting with license — T/ALL. If the holder of any license granted to a master, mate, engineer, or pilot, voluntarily parts with it or places it beyond his personal control by pledging or depositing it with any other person for any purpose, he may be pro- ceeded against in accordance with the provisions of R.S. 4450, as amended, looking to a sus- pension or revocation of his license. 36.1-16 Lost license — T/ALL. (a) In case of loss of license of any class from any cause, any board of local inspectors upon receiving satisfactory evidence of such loss and a record of the lost license from the board that issued same shall issue a certificate to the owner thereof, which shall have the authority of the lost license for the unexpired term, unless in the meantime the holder thereof shall have the grade of his license raised after due examination, in which case a license in due form for such grade may be issued. In all cases where a certifi- cate of lost license is issued by a board other than the board that issued the lost license, the certificate of lost license shall state what board issued the lost license. (b) Whenever a license is reported to a board of local inspectors by a licensed officer as having been stolen from him, or whenever a license is stolen from an office of local inspectors, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact in either case to the Director and give a full description of the license. (c) Whenever a license is reported to a board of local inspectors by a licensed officer as having been lost by him, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact by letter to the Director and give a full description of the license, and all facts incident to the loss of the license. By the same procedure they shall report the recovery of any licenses reported lost, giving the facts incident to their recovery. (D-79) TANK VESSELS 36.1-17 Suspension or revocation of license — T/ALL. When the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot is revoked such license expires with such revocation and any license subsequently granted to such person shall be considered in the light of an original license except as to number of issue. And upon the revocation or suspension of the license of any such officer said license shall be surrendered to the local inspectors or the supervising inspec- tor. Such surrender will not obtain in those instances where the officer desires to avail himself of the appeal provisions of R.S. 4450 (46 U.S.C. 239), as amended, until a determina- tion of his appeal. No person whose license has been suspended or revoked shall be issued another license except upon approval of the Director. When the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot is suspended the Director shall determine the length of its duration, except that such suspension shall not extend beyond the time for which the license was issued. When the Director suspends a license which is about to expire, he may withhold the renewal of such license for such time as he considers necessary. 36.1-18 Misconduct of licensed officers- — T/ALL. (a) Whenever a supervising, local, or assistant inspector of steam vessels or any of them shall find on board any vessel subject to the provisions of the regulations in this subchapter any licensed officer under the influence of liquor or other stimulant to such an extent as to unfit him for duty, or when any licensed officer shall use abusive or insulting language to an inspector or assault any such inspector while on official duty, such officer may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of R.S. 4450, as amended, looking to a revocation or suspension of his license. (b) The fact of a licensed officer being under the influence of liquor in the presence of the inspector or inspectors to such an extent as to unfit him for duty while on board a vessel may be sufficient cause for instituting procedure under U.S. 4450, as amended, looking to a suspen- sion or revocation of his license. 36.1-19 Licenses to officers of vessels owned by the United States — T/ALL. Any person who has served at least 1 year as master, commander, pilot, or engineer of any steam vessel owned and operated by the United States in any service in which a license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer was not required at the time of such service, shall be entitled to license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, if the inspectors, upon written examination, as required for applicants for original license, find him qualified: Provided, That the experience of any such applicant within 3 years of making application has been such as to qualify him to serve in the capacity for which he makes application to be licensed. CERTIFICATED MEN 36.2-1 Able seamen— TB/OCLB. See §138.3 of this chapter. 36.2-2 Certificated lifeboat men— TB/OCLB. See §138.4 of this chapter. 36.2-3 Certificated tanker men — TB/ALL. (a) Any applicant for a certificate as tanker man, not licensed as Master, Mate, Pilot or Engineer, shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he is trained in, and capable efficiently to perform the necessary operations on tank vessels which relate to the handling of cargo. (D-80) TANK VESSELS (b) Such applicant shall secure from the United States Public Health Service, or from a reputable physician, acceptable to the local inspectors, a certificate that he is in good physical condition. (c) Before a certificate may be granted to such an applicant, he must prove to the satisfaction of the local inspectors by an oral or written examination that he is familiar with the general arrangement of cargo tanks, suction and discharge pipe lines and valves, cargo pumps and cargo hose, and has been properly trained in the actual operation of cargo pumps, all other operations connected with the loading and discharging of cargo, and the use of fire extinguishing equipment. (d) Applicants successfully passing such examination shall receive a certificate as Tanker man, stating the kinds or grades of liquid cargo the holder is qualified to handle. The back of such certificates and the stub shall bear an imprint of the left thumb of the holder. (e) Such certificate may be suspended or revoked on the same grounds and in the same manner and with like procedure as is provided in the case of suspension or revocation of license of officers under the provisions of U.S. 4450 as amended and the rules and regulations issued thereunder. (f) The certificate as tanker man shall be surrendered to the local inspectors by the holder upon the granting to him of a license. Note: By Public, No. 499, 75th Congress, Third Session, approved May 9, 1938, it is provided that any inspector of hulls, any inspector of boilers, and any assistant inspector designated for that purpose by a board of local inspectors may issue certificates of service, certificates of efficiency, tankermen's certificates, continuous-discharge books, and certificates of identification. QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICERS: OCEANS 36.3-1 Master of steam vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory docu- mentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as chief mate of ocean steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (b) One year's service as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (c) Two years' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as chief mate of such vessels ; or, (d) Two years' service as second mate of coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as chief mate of such vessel ; or, (e) One year's service as master of coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (f) Two years' service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over, for license as master of freight or towing steam vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (D-81) TANK VESSELS (g) Thirty-six months' service as master of steam vessels of 4,000 gross tons or over upon the waters of the Great Lakes, together with 12 months' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over. 36.3-2 Examination for master of steam vessels — T/O. (a) An applicant for license as master of ocean steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun, moon, or star). (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun, moon, or star). (4) Position finding by two or more heavenly bodies out of the meridian. (5) Position finding by dead reckoning. (6) Great circle sailing. (7) Azimuth by altitudes of sun, moon, or star. (8) Construction deviation table by bearings of a fixed object. (9) Chart navigation. 10) Time of high water by calculation. 11) Fuel conservation. 12) Signaling by semaphore and blinker. 13) Stability and hull construction. 14) International code of signals. 15) International rules of the road. 16) Life-saving apparatus. 17) Deviation and compass compensation. 18) Ocean winds, weather, and currents. 19) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. 20) Aids to navigation. 21) Seamanship. 22) Chart construction. 23) Ship sanitation. 24) United States Navigation Laws. 25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. 26) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.3-3 Chief mate of steam vessels — T/O. Any applicant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second mate of ocean steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (D-82) TANK VESSELS (b) One year's service as second mate of coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over ; or, (c) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as second mate of such vessels; or, (d) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as second mate of such vessels ; or, (e) Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean steam vessels of 1 ,000 gross tons or over, or together with 1 year of such service on coastwise steam vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (f) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, 2 years of such service shall have been as master of such vessels, for license as chief mate of ocean freight or towing steam vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (g) One year's service as master of any class of ocean steam vessels of more than 250 gross tons for license as chief mate of ocean freight or towing steam vessels of not more than 1,500 gross tons. 36.3-4 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels — T/O. (a) An appli- cant for license as chief mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun or star) . (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (4) Ship's position by lines of position. (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Azimuth by altitude of sun or star. (7) Chart navigation. (8) Time of high water by tables. (9) Speed by engine revolutions. (10) Distance off a fixed object. (11) Change in draft due to change in density of water. (12) Signaling by semaphore. (13) Cargo handling. (14) International code of signals. (15) International rules of the road. (16) Life-saving apparatus. (17) Magnetism, with regard to a ship's compass. (18) Ocean winds and weather. (19) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (20) Aids to navigation. (21) Seamanship. (D-83) TANK VESSELS (22) Temporary repairs to hull and equipment. (23) Ship sanitation. (24) United States Navigation Laws. (25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (26) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.3-5 Second mate of steam vessels — T/O. Any applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, 2 years of which shall have been as boatswain or quartermaster; or, (c) Any graduate of the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy who has had not less than two training cruises, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (d) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, and com- pleted two ocean or coastwise cruises before graduation, together with 2 years' service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel of 500 gross tons or over: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of vessels of the class required for the probationary period of 2 years ; or (e) Four years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over; 1 year of such service shall have been as second mate of such vessels; or, (f) Three years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coast- wise steam vessels, for license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessel of 1,000 gross tons or under; or, (g) One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck depart- ment of ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, while holding a license as such master or first-class pilot; or, (h) Two years' service as assistant (junior officer of the watch) to the officer in charge of the watch on ocean steamers while holding a license as third mate of such steam vessels. 36.3-6 Examination for license as second mate of steam vessels — T/O. (a) An applicant for license as second mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satis- factory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun or a star. (2) Longitude by sun or star. (D-84) TANK VESSELS (3) Deviation of the compass by amplitude. (4) Deviation of the compass by azimuth tables. (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Distance off a fixed object. (7) Chart navigation. (8) Mercator sailing. (9) Determination of area and volume. (10) Storm signals. ^11) International rules of the road. (12) International code of signals. '13) Cargo handling. (14) Signaling by blinker. (15) Life-saving apparatus. (16) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. '17) Seamanship. (18) Nautical astronomy definitions. (19) Aids to navigation. (20) Rules and regulations of the board of supervising inspectors. (21) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.3-7 Third mate of steam vessels — T/O. Any applicant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Any applicant who has had 3 years' training at the United States Naval Academy or Coast Guard Academy, and who has had not less than two training cruises ; or, (c) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1353; 34 U.S.C. 1121-1123), and completed two ocean and coastwise cruises before gradua- tion: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (d) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels. Service on such sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph; or, (e) One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (D-85) TANK VESSELS (f) Three years' service in the deck department of lake, bay, sound, or river steam vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (g) Two years' service as a licensed first-class pilot of steam vessels of 4,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes or other lakes, bays, or sounds; or, (h) Three years' service in the deck department of steam vessels of 100 gross tons or over, engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, together with 6 months' experience in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or (i) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as a cadet (deck) and has during the course of such training served 1 year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise vessel and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as Third Mate of ocean vessels. 36.3-8 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels — T/O. (a) An appli- cant for license as third mate of ocean steam vessels shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun. (2) Longitude by chronometer. (3) Deviation of the compass by tables. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Middle latitude sailing. (6) Distance off by bearings and run. (7) Chart navigation. (8) International rules of the road. (9) Cargo handling. (10) Storm signals. (11) Sea terms. (12) Seamanship. (13) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (14) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (15) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.3-9 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as chief engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished the following documentary evidence to the local inspectors and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as first assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Two years' service as second assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as first assistant engineer of such vessels ; or, (c) Two years' service as junior first assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as first assistant engineer of such vessels; or, (D-Sfi) TANK VESSELS (d) One year's service as assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels of not more than 750 gross tons; or, (e) Three years' service as chief engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as chief engineer of appropriate tonnage ; or, (f) Eighteen months' service as chief engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service as oiler or water tender, or combined service of both, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief engineer of appropriate tonnage. 36.3-10 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Three years' service as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as first assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (c) Eighteen months' service as first assistant engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' services as oiler or water tender, or combined service of both, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels for a license as first assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage. (d) Two years' service as third assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as second assistant engineer of such vessels; or, (e) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or fireman in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, at least 1 year of such service having been as oiler or water tender, for license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels of not more than 750 gross tons ; or, (f) Two years' service as junior second assistant engineer while holding license as second assistant engineer of such vessels. 36.3-11 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (b) Three years' service as second assistant engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, sound, or river steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as second assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (c) Eighteen months' service as second assistant engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service as oiler or water tender, or combined service of both, on (D-87) TANK VESSELS ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as second assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (d) Five years' actual service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel, 4 years of which shall have been as oiler or water tender; or, (e) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in con- struction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, and 1 year's service as a journeyman machinist engaged in the construction or repair of marine steam engines, to- gether with 1 year's service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (f) Two years' service as junior third assistant engineer while holding license as third assistant engineer; or, (g) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel. 36.3-12 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Four years' service as fireman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or engine-room electrician, or combined service of 3 years in these positions, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (c) Three years' service as licensed engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and rivers, for license of appropriate tonnage; or, (d) One year's service as licensed engineer of steam vessels of Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, together with 6 months' service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for a license of appropriate tonnage ; or, (e) A graduate from the engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1353; 34 U.S.C. 1121-1123), the term of such engineering class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (f) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (g) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology together with 3 months' service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel; or, (h) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as cadet (Engineer) and has during the course of such training served 1 year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise steam vessel and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commis- sion Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as third assistant engineer of ocean and coastwise steam vessels. (D-^8) TANK VESSELS 36.3-12a Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, steam vessels — T/OC. An applicant for raise of grade of license to second assistant engineer, or first assistant engi- neer, or chief engineer, ocean and coastwise steam vessels, may substitute service as engine- room watch electrician on electric-drive ocean and coastwise steam vessels, such service to count one-half, and in no case to exceed 6 months of the required experience. If the experi- ence of an applicant does not warrant an unlimited license, local inspectors shall place an appropriate tonnage upon the license. 36.3-13 Engineers of motor vessels— T/O. (a) The term "motor vessel" used in this and the following sections shall include any vessel of above 15 gross tons, propelled by gas, fluid, naptha, or electric motors. (b) No person shall receive an original license as engineer of motor vessels who has not served at least 36 months in the engine department of a motor vessel, except as hereinafter provided. (c) Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel upon which he may act. (d) Provided that licenses required for masters and engineers operating seagoing vessels propelled by internal-combustion engines navigating exclusively in the district covering the Hawaiian Islands, shall be granted by the local inspectors of that district upon considera- tion of applications duly executed and certified to by reputable citizens qualified to judge the character, trustworthiness, and ability of the applicant. The local inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to the applicant's character and merits, and if satisfied, from oral examina- tion or practical demonstration of the applicant, and with the proof that he offers, that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill, they shall grant him a license. Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who does not present a certificate from the United States Public Health Service based upon the subject of ship sanitation and first aid, provided he is qualified in all other respects. 36.3-14 Chief engineer of motor vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as chief engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as first assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (b) Two years' service as second assistant engineer of motor vessels, or 2 years' com- bined service as first and second assistant engineer of motor vessels ; or (c) One year's service as assistant engineer on motor vessels of 750 gross tons and under; or, (d) Any person holding a license as chief engineer of steam vessels who has served at least 3 months as licensed first assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (e) Any person holding license as chief engineer of steam vessels who has served 6 months as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of marine motor engines together with 3 months' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (D-89) TANK VESSELS (f) Any person who has served at least 2 years in the engine department of motor vessels, or has had at least 1 year's experience in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels, shall be eligible for examination for license as chief engineer of motor vessels of not more than 300 gross tons; or, (g) Any person holding a license as chief engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service Training School in marine Diesel engineering. 36.3-15 First assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (b) Two years' service as third assistant engineer of motor vessels or 2 years' combined service as second and third assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (c) Three years' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels, for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of 750 gross tons and under; or, (d) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels who has served at least 3 months as licensed second assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (e) Any person who has served at least 2 years in the engine department of motor vessels, or has had at least 1 year's experience in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels, shall be eligible for examination for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of not more than 450 gross tons; or, (f) Three years' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels of over 750 gross tons for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of 1,200 gross tons and under; or, (g) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service Training School in marine Diesel engineering; or, (h) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels who has served 6 months as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, to- gether with 3 months' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels. 36.3-16 Second assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has bad the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third assistant engineer of motor vessels ; or, (b) Four year's service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (c) A journeyman machinist who has served an apprenticeship for 3 years and engaged (D-90) TANK VESSELS in the construction or repair of marine motor engines for at least 2 years of that time, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels as oiler; or, (d) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served at least 3 months as licensed third assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (e) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, after having served as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels for not less than 6 months or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of engines for motor vessels, together with 3 months' service in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (f) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 6 months' service as oiler on motor vessels ; or, (g) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service Training School in marine Diesel engineering. 36.3-17 Third assistant engineer of motor vessels — T/O. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (b) A graduate from the engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such engineering class to be based upon a period of 2 years, after he has served at least 6 months as oiler on motor vessels, or has been employed at least 6 months in the construction and installation of engines for motor vessels; or, (c) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels as oiler; or, (d) Two years' service as a locomotive or stationary engineer together with 2 years' service as oiler on motor vessels; or, (e) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of steam vessels, after having served as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels for not less than 3 months or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction and installation of engines for motor vessels; or, (f) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served i year under his license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service Training School in marine Diesel engineering; or, (g) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as cadet (Engineer) and has during the course of such training served 6 months in a Diesel vessel, out of at least 1 year and 10 months of sea service, and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as third assistant engineer of ocean and coastwise motor vessels. (D-91) TANK VESSELS 36.3-18 Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, motor vessels — T/OC. An applicant for raise of grade of license to second assistant engineer, or first assistant en- gineer, or chief engineer, ocean and coastwise motor vessels, may substitute service as engine- room watch electrician on electric-drive ocean and coastwise motor vessels, such service to count one-half, and in no case to exceed 6 months of the required experience. If the experi- ence of an applicant does not warrant an unlimited license, local inspectors shall place an appropriate tonnage upon the license. QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICERS: COASTWISE 36.4-1 Master of steam vessels — T/C. An applicant for license as master of coast- wise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory docu- mentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Two years' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (c) Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over, together with 6 months' service as chief mate or 12 months' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, while holding license as master of such lake, bay, or sound steam vessels; or, (d) Five years' service on ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, 2 years of which service shall have been as master of such vessels, for license as master of coastwise freight and towing vessels of not over 750 gross tons; or, (e) One year's service as a licensed master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over for a license as master of coastwise freight or towing vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (f) Two years' service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound towing steamers of 150 gross tons or over, for license as master of coastwise towing steam vessels of 750 gross tons or under; or, (g) Two years' service as master of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, or sounds, for license as master of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles; or, (h) Two years' service as a licensed master of steam vessels of 250 gross tons or over, engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, for license as master of coastwise, freight or towing vessels of not more than 750 gross tons. (i) Three years' service as operator of nondescript power-propelled vessels not carrying passengers for license as master of such vessels not exceeding 100 gross tons; 3 years' service as operator of nondescript power-propelled vessels carrying passengers for license as master of such vessels not exceeding 100 gross tons; on coastwise routes not exceeding 50 miles. and 15 miles offshore: Provided, That local inspectors shall require a suitable examination for this license. (D-92) TANK VESSELS 36.4-2 Examination for master of steam vessels — T/C. (a) An applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding 300 miles shall pass a satisfactory- examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun or star). (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (4) Ship's position by lines of position. (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Azimuth by altitude of sun or star. (7) Chart navigation. (8) Time of tide by tables. (9) Speed by engine revolutions. (10) Distance off a fixed object. (11) Change in draft due to density of water. (12) Signaling by semaphore. (13) Cargo handling. (14) International code of signals. (15) International rules of the road. (16) Life-saving apparatus. (17) Magnetism, with regard to a ship's compass. (18) Coastwise winds and currents. (19) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (20) Aids to navigation. (21) Seamanship. (22) Hull nomenclature. (23) Ship sanitation. (24) United States Navigation Laws. (25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (26) Such further examination of nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (b) An applicant for license as master of coastwise steam vessels on routes of 300 miles or less should be required to pass satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the fol- lowing subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (2) Distance off a fixed object. (3) International rules of the road. (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Cargo handling. (7) Signaling by semaphore. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) United States Navigation Laws. 327208°— 42- (D-93) TANK VESSELS (10) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (11) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. • 36.4-3 Chief mate of steam vessels — T/C. An applicant for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (b) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding license as second mate of ocean and coastwise steam vessels; or, (c) One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 12 months' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, while holding license as such master or first-class pilot; or, (d) Two year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound towing vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise towing vessels of 750 gross tons or under; or, (e) One year's service as a licensed master or 2 years' service as a licensed mate on ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 250 gross tons or over engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, for license as chief mate of coastwise freight or towing steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or under; or, (f) Five years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, 2 years of such service having been as master of such vessels, for license as chief mate of freight or towing steam vessels of 1 ,000 gross tons or under ; or, (g) Two years' service as first-class pilot, or 2 years' combined service as master and first-class pilot of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or ever, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, and sounds, for license as chief mate of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles; or, (h) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels of not more than 500 gross tons. 36.4-4 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels — T/C. (a) An appli- cant for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding 600 miles shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude (sun or star). (2) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (3) Deviation of the compass by azimuth. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Distance off a fixed object. (6) Chart navigation. (7) Mercator sailings. (8) Determination of area and volume. (D-94) TANK VESSELS (9) Storm signals. (10) International rules of the road. (11) International code of signals. (12) Cargo handling. (13) Signaling by blinker. (14) Life-saving apparatus. (15) Instruments aDd accessories used in navigation. (16) Seamanship. (17) Nautical astronomy definitions. (18) Aids to navigation. (19) Rules and regulations of the board of supervising inspectors. (20) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (b) An applicant for license as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes of 600 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (2) Distance off a fixed object by bearings and run. (3) International rules of the road. (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Cargo handling. (7) Signaling by blinker. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) Rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nomathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.4-5 Second mate of steam vessels — T/C. An applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (b) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, 2 years of which shall have been as boatswain or quartermaster; or, (c) Three years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coast- wise steam vessels, for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels of not more than 750 gross tons; or, (d) Any graduate of the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy who has had not less than two training cruises, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (D-95) TANK VESSELS (e) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, and completed two ocean or coastwise cruises before graduation, together with 2 years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (f) One year's service as a licensed master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (g) One year's service as a licensed mate on ocean or coastwise steam vessels of 150 gross tons or over engaged in the fisheries, for license as second mate of towing vessels; or, (h) Two years' service as assistant (junior officer of the watch) to the officer in charge of the watch on coastwise steamers, while holding a license as third officer of coastwise steamers; or (i) Two years' service as first- or second-class pilot of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, and sounds, for license as second mate of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles. 36.4-6 Examination for license as second mate of steam vessels — T/C. (a) An ap- plicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes exceeding 600 miles shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of sun. (2) Longitude by chronometer. (3) Deviation of the compass by tables. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Middle latitude sailing. (6) Distance off by bearings and run. (7) Chart navigation. (8) International rules of the road. (9) Cargo handling. (10) Storm signals. (11) Sea terms. (12) Seamanship. (13) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (14) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (15) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (b) An applicant for license as second mate of coastwise steam vessels on routes of 600 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (D-96) TANK VESSELS (2) Distance off a fixed object by bearings and run. (3) International rules of the road. (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Cargo handling. (7) Signaling by international code of signals. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.4-7 Third mate of steam vessels — T/C. An applicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (b) Any applicant who has had 3 years' training at the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy, and who has had not less than two training cruises; or, (c) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, and completed two ocean or coastwise cruises, before graduation: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (d) Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over, together with 12 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels. Service on such sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph; or, (e) One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay, sound, or river steam vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (f) Twenty-four months' service as a licensed first-class pilot of steam vessels of 2,500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, or sounds ; or, (g) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or sail vessels of less than 100 gross tons, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (h) Two years' service in the deck department of lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, together with 2 years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (i) Two years' service in the deck department of steam vessels of 100 gross tons or over engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (D-97) TANK VESSELS (j) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as a cadet (Deck) and has during the course of such training served 1 year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise vessel and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as third mate of coastwise vessels. 36.4-8 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels — T/C. (a) An ap- plicant for license as third mate of coastwise steam vessels shall pass a satisfactory examina- tion as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of sun. (2) Chart navigation. (3) Determination of distance off a fixed object. (4) International rules of the road. (5) Storm signals. (6) Sigsnaling by blinker. (7) Intruments and accessories used in navigation. (8) Sea terms. (9) Rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 36.4-9 Engineers of steam and motor vessels— T/C. All engineers of steam and motor coastwise vessels shall have the same qualifications as those required for ocean vessels (§§ 36.3-9 to 36.3-12a); (§§ 36.3-13 to 36.3-18). QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICERS: GREAT LAKES 36.5-1 Master of steam vessels — T/L. (a) An applicant for license as master of steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (1) At least 1 year's experience as first-class pilot while acting in the capacity of first mate on steam vessels; or, (2) Five years' combined experience in the deck department of sail vessels and vessels propelled by machinery, one year of which has been as pilot or chief mate ; or, (3) One year's experience as master of steam vessels of 150 gross tons or under while acting under the authority of a first-class pilot's license, or 2 years' experience while acting under the authority of a second-class pilot's license; or, (4) Five years' experience on sail vessels, 1 year of which has been as master; or, (5) Three years' experience as master of sail vessels on the Great Lakes, for license as master of steam vessels on the Great Lakes and other inland waters; or, (6) Three years' experience as master of barge consorts on the Great Lakes, and has been licensed as first class pilot for 1 year, for license as master of steam vessels on the Great Lakes. (D-98) TANK VESSELS (b) Any applicant for license as master of steam vessels shall be subjected to such examination as shall satisfy the local inspectors that he is capable of navigating such steam vessels. 36.5-2 Mate of steam vessels — T/L. Whenever any person presents himself for ex- amination for license as mate of Great Lakes steamers, the local inspectors shall examine him as to his knowledge, experience, and skill in handling cargo, the operation and handling of fire apparatus, the launching and handling of lifeboats, his knowledge of life preservers and the method of adjusting them, his ability to manage the crew, and his general familiarity with his duties in maintaining discipline, and if found qualified they shall grant him a license as such, but no such license shall be granted to any person who has not had at least 2 years' experience in the deck department of a steam vessel, sail vessel, motor vessel, or barge con- sort, 6 months of such service to have been in a steam vessel. 36.5-3 Experience required for license as pilot — T/L. (a) No original license for pilot of any class shall be issued to any person, except for special license for steamers of 10 gross tons and under, who has not served at least 3 years in the deck department of a steam vessel, motor vessel, sail vessel, or barge consort, 1 year of which experience must have been obtained within the 3 years next preceding the date of application for license, which fact the inspectors shall require, when practicable, to be verified by the certificate, in writing, of the licensed master or pilot under whom the applicant has served, such certificate to be filed with the application of the candidate: Provided, That 1 year's experience as quartermaster or wheels- man while holding a second class pilot's license shall entitle the holder of such license to examination for license as first-class pilot. (b) The local inspectors shall, before granting a license as pilot, satisfy themselves that the applicant is qualified to steer. 36.5-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/L. (a) Chief engineer of condensing steamers on Great Lakes. Chief engineer of noncondensing steamers on Great Lakes. First assistant engineer of condensing steamers on Great Lakes. First assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on Great Lakes. Second assistant engineer of condensing steamers on Great Lakes. Second assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on Great Lakes. Third assistant engineer of condensing steamers on Great Lakes. Third assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on Great Lakes. (b) No person shall receive license as engineer or assistant engineer of steam vessels who has not had the experience specified in the following sections; and no person shall receive license as above who is not able to pass a satisfactory written examination before the local inspectors. (c) Inspectors shall designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel on which he may serve. (d) Engineers of all classifications may be allowed to pursue their profession upon all waters of the United States in the class for which they are licensed. (D-99) TANK VESSELS (e) Engineers of Great Lakes steamers who have actually performed the duties of engi- neer for a period of 3 years shall be entitled to examination for engineer of ocean steamers, applicant to be examined in the use of salt water, method employed in regulating the density of the water in the boilers, the application of the hydrometer in determining the density of the sea water, and the principle of constructing the instrument; and may be examined by inspectors on the Great Lakes and seaboard. (f) Wherever the word "year" appears in the following sections of this part, it shall be understood as contemplating 12 months. 36.5-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/L. An applicant for license as chief engineer of steamers on Great Lakes shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers; or, (b) Two years' experience as second assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers, while holding a license as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional parts of the experience pres- cribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. For example, 6 months' experience as first assistant engineer, and 12 months' experience as second assistant engineer while holding a license as first assistant engineer; or, (d) Two years' experience as chief engineer of river steamers ; or, (e) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of river steamers who has had 1 year's experience as first assistant engineer of steamers of 1,500 gross tons or over may be examined and licensed as chief engineer of Great Lakes steamers of not over 750 gross tons; or, (f) A person who has had the experience prescribed for license as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers may be licensed as chief engineer of Great Lakes steamers of not- over 750 gross tons if the local inspectors, upon examination, find him qualified. 36.5-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of steamers on Great Lakes shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as second assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers; or, (b) Two years' experience as third assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers while holding a license as second assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional parts of experience prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. For instance, 6 months' experience as second assist- (D-100) TANK VESSELS ant engineer, together with 12 months' experience as third assistant engineer while holding a license as second assistant engineer; or, (d) One year's experience as chief engineer of river steamers; or, (e) Two years' experience as first assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (f) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or fireman on Great Lakes steamers for license as first assistant engineer on steam vessels not over 1,500 gross tons; or, (g) A journeyman machinist who has been engaged in the erection, construction, or repair of marine steam engines for 2 years, together with 1 year's service in the engine depart- ment of Great Lakes steamers; or, (h) A person who has had the experience prescribed for license as second assistant engineer may be licensed as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers of not over 750 gross tons, if the local inspectors, upon examination, find him qualified. 36.5-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of steamers on Great Lakes shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as third assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers; or, (b) One year's experience as first assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (c) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or fireman on Great Lakes steamers; or, (d) Three years' service as apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the con- struction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of Great Lakes steamers; or, (e) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (f) Two years' service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine deartment of Great Lakes steamers; or, (g) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers, and having had 1 year's experience as junior engineer and third assistant engineer while holding a license as third assistant engineer; or, (h) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of Great Lakes steamers and having had 1 year's service as oiler or water tender since receiving license; or, (i) A graduate in mechanical, electrical, or marine engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of Great Lakes steamers. 36.5-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/L. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of steamers on the Great Lakes shall be eligible for examination (D-101) TANK VESSELS after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) Three years' service in the engine department of Great Lakes steamers; or, (b) One year's experience as second assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (c) One year's service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of Great Lakes steamers ; or, (d) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such engineering class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (e) Eighteen months' experience as junior engineer. 36.5-9 Engineers of motor vessels — T/L. All engineers of motor vessels on the Great Lakes shall have the same qualifications as those required for ocean vessels. (§§ 36.3-13 to 36.3-18) QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICERS: BAYS, SOUNDS, AND LAKES OTHER THAN 1HE GREAT LAKES 36.6-1 Master of steam vessels— T/B. (a) Any applicant for license as master of steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he had the following experience: (1) At least 1 year's experience as first-class pilot or chief mate of steam vessels; or, (2) Five years' combined experience in the deck department of sail vessels and vessels propelled by machinery, 1 year of which has been as pilot or chief mate; or, (3) One year's experience as master of steam vessels of 150 gross tons or under while acting under the authority of a first-class pilot's license, or 2 years' experience while acting under the authority of a second-class pilot's license; or, (4) Five years' experience on sail vessels, 1 year of which has been as master; or, (5) Three years' experience as master of sail vessels for license as master of steam vessels; or, (6) Two years' experience in the deck department of a steam vessel, 1 year of which shall have been either as wheelsman or in assisting in the navigation of the vessel, while holding a first-class pilot's license, for license as master of steam vessels of 500 gross tons and under, navigating all lakes, bays, and sounds other than the Great Lakes. (b) Any applicant for license as master of steam vessels shall be subjected to such examination as shall satisfy the local inspectors that he is capable of navigating such steam vessels. 36.6-2 Mate of steam vessels — T/B. Whenever any person presents himself for exami- nation for license as mate of inland steamers, the local inspectors shall examine him as to his knowledge, experience, and skill in handling cargo, the operation and handling of fire apparatus, the launching and handling of lifeboats, his knowledge of life preservers and the method of adjusting them, his ability to manage the crew, and his general familarity with (D-102) TANK VESSELS his duties in maintaining discipline, and if found qualified they shall grant him a license as such, but no such license shall be granted to any person who has not had at least 2 years' experience in the deck department of a steam vessel, sail vessel, motor vessel, or barge consort, 6 months of such service to have been in a steam vessel. 36.6-3 Experience required for license as pilot — T/B. (a) No original license for pilot of any class shall be issued to any person, except for special license for steamers of 10 gross tons and under, who has not served at least 3 years in the deck department of a steam vessel, motor vessel, or sail vessel, 1 year of which experience shall have been obtained within the 3 years next preceding the date of application for license, which fact the inspectors shall require, when practicable, to be verified by the certificate, in writing, of the licensed master or pilot under whom the applicant has served, such certificate to be filed with the application of the candidate: Proided, That 1 year's experience as quartermaster or wheelsman while holding a second-class pilot's license shall entitle the holder of such license to examination for license as first-class pilot. (b) Pilots, after written examination, may be licensed for limited tonnage and routes on steamers navigating canals and small inland lakes like Seneca and Cayuga lakes in the State of New York, after 24 months' experience in the deck department of vessels propelled by machinery, 12 months of which experience shall have been obtained within the 2 years next preceding the date of application for license. (c) The local inspectors shall, before granting a license as pilot, satisfy themselves that the applicant is qualified to steer. 36.6-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/B. (a) Chief engineer of condensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. Chief engineer of noncondensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. First assistant engineer of condensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. First assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. Second assistant engineer of condensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great' Lakes. Second assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. Third assistant engineer of condensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. Third assistant engineer of noncondensing steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes. (b) No person shall receive license as engineer or assistant engineer of steam vessels who has not had the experience specified in the following sections; and no person shall receive (D-103) TANK VESSELS license as above who is not able to pass a satisfactory written examination before the local inspectors. (c) Inspectors shall designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel on which he may serve. (d) Engineers of all classifications may be allowed to pursue their profession upon all waters of the United States in the class for which they are licensed. (e) Enginers of lake, bay, and sound steamers who have actually performed the duties of engineer for a period of 3 years shall be entitled to examination for engineer of ocean steamers, applicant to be examined in the use of salt water method employed in regulating the density of the water in the boilers, the application of the hydrometer in determining the density of the sea water, and the principle of constructing the instrument; and may be examined by inspectors on the Great Lakes and seaboard. (f) Wherever the word "year" appears in the following sections it shall be understood as contemplating 12 months. 36.6-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/B. An applicant for license as chief engineer of steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes shall be eligible for exam- ination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as first assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (b) Two years' experience as second assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers while holding a license as first assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional parts of the experience pre- scribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. For example, 6 months' experience as first assistant engineer and 12 months' experience as second assistant engineer, while holding a license as first assistant engineer; or, (d) Two years' experience as chief engineer of river steamers; or, (e) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of river steamers who has had 1 year's experience as first assistant engineer of steamers of 1,500 gross tons or over may be examined and licensed as chief engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers of not over 750 gross tons; or, (f) A person who has had the experience prescribed for license as first assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers may be licensed as chief engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers of not over 750 gross tons, if the local inspectors, upon examination, find him qualified. 36.6-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes (D-104) TANK VESSELS shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as second assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (b) Two years' experience as third assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers while holding a license as second assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional parts of experience prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section; for instance, 6 months' experience as second assistant engineer, together with 12 months' experience as third assistant engineer while holding license as second assistant engineer; or, (d) One year's experience as chief engineer of river steamers; or, (e) Two year's experience as first assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (f) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or fireman on lake, bay, and sound steamers for license as first assistant engineer on steam vessels not over 1,500 gross tons; or, (g) A journeyman machinist who has been engaged in the erection, construction, or repair of marine steam engines for 2 years, together with 1 year's service in the engine depart- ment of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (h) A graduate in mechanical or marine engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (i) A person who has had the experience prescribed for license as second assistant engineer may be licensed as first assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers of not over 750 gross tons, if the local inspectors, upon examination, find him qualified. 36.6-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes, other than the Great Lakes, shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as third assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (b) One year's experience as first assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (c) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or fireman on lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (d) Three years' service as apprentice to the machinist trade, and engaged in the con- struction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (e) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (D-105) TANK VESSELS (f) Two years' service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (g) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers, and having had 1 year's experience as junior engineer, or 1 year's combined experi- ence as junior engineer and third assistant engineer while holding a license as third assistant engineer; or, (h) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of lake, bay, and sound steamers, and having had 1 year's service as oiler or water tender since receiving license. 36.6-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/B. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of steamers on bays, sounds, and lakes, other than the Great Lakes, shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he had had the following experience: (a) Three years' service in the engine department of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (b) One year's experience as second assistant engineer of river steamers; or, (c) One year's service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of lake, bay, and sound steamers; or, (d) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such class to be based upon a period of 2 years ; or, (e) Eighteen months' experience as junior engineer. 36.6-9 Engineers of motor vessels — T/B. All engineers of motor vessels on bays, sounds, and lakes, other than Great Lakes, shall have the same qualifications as those required for ocean vessels. (§§ 36.3-13 to 36.3-18) QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICERS: RIVERS 36.7-1 Master of river steamers — T/R. (a) Inspectors shall examine all applicants for original license as master of steamers navigating rivers exclusively, which examination shall be reduced to writing and made a part of the permanent records of the office of the inspectors making such examination; and no such license shall be issued to any person to act as master of such steamers who has not, by actual service of at least 3 years in the deck department of steam vessels, 1 year of which shall have been on river steamers, acquired practical knowledge, skill, and experience essential in case of emergency and disaster, and in the navigation of such steamers with safety to life and property, and at least 1 year of service to have been within the 3 years next preceding the application, and no license as master shall be issued to any applicant who cannot read and write, and who has not served at least 1 year as licensed mate or pilot of steam vessels. (b) The line of examination to be pursued by inspectors in examining applicants for original license as master of river steamers shall be as follows: (1) As to his general knowledge of the duties of master of such steamers. (2) As to his ability to handle the wheel in case of emergency or disaster. (D-106) TANK VESSELS (3) As to his knowledge of his duties and proper method of procedure in case of fire on his vessel. (4) As to his knowledge of proper management of a vessel and crew in case of collision and sinking. (5) As to executive ability generally to manage officers and crew. (6) As to his general knowledge and ability to navigate steamers with safety to life and property. (7) As to his knowledge of pilot rules governing the navigation of such steamers. (8) As to his knowledge of signals between the pilot house and engine room. (9) As to his knowledge of signal lights and their proper position on all steam and other vessels. (10) As to duties of master in case of fog or stormy weather, and on such other subjects in connection with the navigation of such vessels as the inspectors conducting such examina- tion may deem proper and necessary. 36.7-2 Mate of river steamers — T/R. Whenever any person presents himself for examination for license as mate of river steamers, the local inspectors shall examine him as to his knowledge, experience, and skill in handling cargo, the operation and handling of fire apparatus, the launching and handling of lifeboats, his knowledge of life preservers and the method of adjusting them, his ability to manage the crew, and his general familiarity with his duties in maintaining discipline, and if found qualified they shall grant him a license as such, but no such license shall be granted to any person who has not had at least 2 years' experience in the deck department of a steam vessel, sail vessel, motor vessel, or barge consort, 6 months of such service to have been in a steam vessel. 36.7-3 Experience required for license as pilot — T/R. (a) No original license for pilot of any class shall be issued to any person, except for special license for steamers of 10 gross tons and under, who has not served at least 3 years in the deck department of a steam vessel, motor vessel, sail vessel, 1 year of which experience shall have been obtained within the 3 years next preceding the date of application for license, which fact the inspectors shall require, when practicable, to be verified by the certificate, in writing, of the licensed master or pilot under whom the applicant has served, such certificate to be filed with the application of the candidate: Provided, That 1 year's experience as quartermaster or wheelsman while holding a second-class pilot license shall entitle the holder of such license to examination for license as first-class pilot. (b) Special pilot may be licensed for steamers of 10 gross tons and under, locally employed. (c) The local inspectors shall, before granting a license as pilot, satisfy themselves that the applicant is qualified to steer. (D-107) TANK VESSELS 36.7-4 Engineers of steam vessels — T/R. (a) Chief engineer of condensing river steamers. Chief engineer of noncondensing river steamers. First assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. First assistant engineer of noncondensing river steamers. Second assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. Second assistant engineer of noncondensing river steamers. Third assistant engineer of condensing steamers. Third assistant engineer of noncondensing river steamers. (b) No person shall receive license as engineer or assistant engineer of steam vessels who has not had the experience specified in the following sections ; and no person shall receive license as above who is not able to pass a satisfactory written examination before the local inspectors. (c) Inspectors shall designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel on which he may serve. (d) Engineers of all classifications may be allowed to pursue their profession upon all waters of the United States in the class for which they are licensed. (e) Wherever the word "year" appears in the following sections of this part, it shall be understood as contemplating 12 months. 36.7-5 Chief engineer of steam vessels — T/R. Applicant for license as chief engineer of river steamers shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory docu- mentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) One year's experience as first assistant engineer of steam vessels; or, (b) Two years' experience as second assistant engineer of steam vessels while holding a license as first assistant engineer; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional part of the experience prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. For example, 6 months' experience as first assistant engineer, and 12 months' experience as second assistant engineer while holding a license as first assistant engineer; or, (d) Applicants who have had the experience prescribed for license as first assistant engineer may be licensed as chief engineer of river steam vessels of not over 750 gross tons, if the local inspectors, upon examination, find him qualified. 36.7-6 First assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of river steamers shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (D-108) TANK VESSELS (a) One year's experience as second assistant engineer; or, (b) Two years' experience as third assistant engineer while holding a license as second assistant engineer; or, (c) Any equivalent experience made up of proportional parts of the experience prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. For example, 6 months' experience as second assistant engineer and 12 months' experience as third assistant engineer while holding a license as second assistant engineer; or, (d) Three years' experience as oiler, water tender, or fireman ; or, (e) A graduate in mechanical or marine engineering from a duly recognized school of technology together with 1 year's service in the engine department of steam vessels; or, (f) A journeyman machinist who has been engaged in the erection, construction, or repair of marine steam engines for 2 years, together with 1 year's service in the engine depart- ment of steam vessels; or, (g) Applicants who have had the experience prescribed for license as second assistant engineer may be licensed as first assistant engineer of river steamers of not over 750 gross tons, if the local inspectors upon examination, find him qualified. 36.7-7 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of river steamers shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the fol- lowing experience: (a) One year's experience as third assistant engineer of steam vessels; or, (b) Two years' service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine room of steam vessels; or, (c) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction and repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of steam vessels; or, (d) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such engineering class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (e) Any person holding license as third assistant engineer and having had 1 year's service as junior engineer, or 1 year's combined service as third assistant and junior engineer, or 1 year's service as oiler or water tender, or 1 year's combined service as oiler and water tender, since receiving license. 36.7-8 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels — T/R. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of river steamers shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) Three years' service in the engine department of steam vessels ; or, (b) One year's service as stationary engineer, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of steam vessels; or, (D-109) 327208° — 42 8 TANK VESSELS (c) Two years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction and repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of steam vessels. 36.7-9 Engineers of motor vessels— T/R. All licensed engineers of motor vessels on rivers where required, shall have the same qualifications as those required for ocean vessels (§§ 36.3-13 to 36.3-18.) (D-110) PART 37.— SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES Sec. Lifeboats, Life Rafts, Buoyant Apparatus, and Davits 37.1-1 Drawings, specifications, name plates — TB/ALL. 37.1-2 Inspection— TB/ALL. 37.1-3 Approval— TB/ALL. 37.1-1 Lifeboat davits— TB/ALL. 37.1-5 Mechanical means for lowering— TB/ALL. Construction of Metallic Lifeboats. 37.2-1 Specifications— TB/ALL. 37.2-2 Keel, stem, and sternpost— TB/ALL. 37.2-3 Shell plating— TB/ALL. 37.2-4 Riveting— TB/ALL. 37.2-5 Welding— TB/ALL. 37.2-6 Application of welding— TB/ALL. 37.2-7 Supervision— TB/ALL. 37.2-8 Inspection and tests— TB/ALL. 37.2-9 Floors— TB/ALL. 37.2-10 Gunwales— TB/ALL. 37.2-11 Nosings— TB/ALL. 37.2-12 Gunwale braces— TB/ALL. 37.2-13 Breast plates— TB/ALL. 37.2-14 Thwarts— TB/ALL. 37.2-15 Metallic lifeboat scantling— TB/ALL. 37.2-16 Hoisting shackles— TB/ALL. 37.2-17 Plug— TB/ALL. 37.2-18 Galvanizing and plating— TB/ALL. 37.2-19 Air tanks— TB/ALL. Construction of Wooden Lifeboats. 37.3-1 Materials— TB/ALL. 37.3-2 Framing— TB/ALL. 37.3-3 Planking— TB/ALL. 37.3-4 Timbers— TB/ALL. 37.3-5 Stifieners— TB/ALL. 37.3-6 Thwarts and stanchions, etc.— TB/ALL. 37.3-7 Thwart knees— TB/ALL. 37.3-8 Breasthooks— TB/ALL. 37.3-9 Rubbers, filling pieces, bilge beds— TB/ALL. 37.3-10 Fastenings— TB/ALL. 37.3-11 Air tanks— TB/ALL. Construction of Rafts. 37.4-1 Cylinders— TB/ALL. 37.4-2 Framework— TB/ALL. 37.4-3 Test— TB/ALL. 37.4-4 Approval— TB/ALL. Carrying Capacity of Lifeboats and Life Rafts. 37.5-1 Capacity of open boats. Sec; 37.5-2 Capacity of life rafts— TB/ALL. 37.5-3 Capacity of buoyant apparatus— TB/ALL. Cork Life Preservers. 37.6-1 General— TB/ALL. 37.6-2 Covering— TB/ALL. 37.6-3 Straps— TB/ALL. 37.6-4 Thread— TB/ALL. 37.6-5 Cork— TB/ALL. 37.6-6 Cork substitute— TB/ALL. 37.6-7 Collar— TB/ALL. 37.6-8 Appro val—T B/ ALL. 37.6-9 Marking— TB/ALL. 37.6-10 Inspection — TB/ALL. Kapok Life Preseraers. 37.7-1 Approval— TB/ALL. 37.7-2 Test— TB/ALL. 37.7-3 Collar— TB/ALL. 37.7-4 Marking— T B/ALL. 37.7-5 Inspection— TB/ALL. Life Buoys. 37.8-1 Buoyancy— TB/ALL. 37.8-2 Standard ring life buoys — TB/ALL 37.8-3 Buoyant material — TB/ALL. 37.8-4 Glue— TB/ALL. 37.8-5 Strength— TB/ALL. 37.8-6 Covering— TB/ALL. 37.8-7 Sewing— TB/ALL. 37.8-8 Beckets— TB/ALL. 37.8-9 Grab line— TB/ALL. 37.8-10 Factory inspection of life buoys— TB/ALL. Self-igniting Water Lights. 37.9-1 Cylinder— TB/ALL. 37.9-2 Plug— TB/ALL. 37.9-3 Lanyard— TB/ALL. 37.9-4 Chemical— TB/ALL. 37.9-5 Marking— TB/ALL. 37.9-6 Approval— TB/ALL. 37.9-7 Liferaft waterlights— TB/ALL. Line-throwing Gun. 37.10-1 Muzzle-loading gun— T/OC. 37.10-2 Breech-loading gun— T/OC. 37.10-3 Material— T/OC. 37.10-4 Factory tests— T/OO. 37.10-5 Signal pistol— T/OC. LIFEBOATS, LIFE RAFTS, BUOYANT APPARATUS, AND DAVITS Section 37.1-1 Drawings, specifications, name plates — TB/ALL. (a) All lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus shall be substantially constructed in accordance with drawings, or blue prints, and specifications approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (D-lll) TANK VESSELS (b) Builders of lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus shall furnish the supervising inspector of the district in which the equipment is built drawings, or blue prints, and specifica- tions showing and explaining the construction of same, and showing the tensile strength and ductility of the metal used. Lifeboats and life rafts may be constructed of steel having a minimum tensile strength not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 20 percent in a gage length of 8 inches; or of wrought iron having a minimum tensile strength of 45,000 pounds per square inch and a minimum elongation of 12 percent in 8 inches; or of other approved metals. Where steel is used and the minimum thickness of the metal is less than No. 16 B. W. G., the elongation shall not be less than 15 percent in a gage length of 8 inches. (c) Builders of lifeboats and life rafts shall affix a plate or other device to each lifeboat, having thereon the builder's name, number of boat, date of construction of boat, cubical contents of boat, and number of persons said boat will carry, as determined by the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. 37.1-2 Inspection — TB/ALL. Supervising inspectors of districts where lifeboats are built shall detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where lifeboats, life rafts, or buoyant apparatus are being built, whose duty it shall be to inspect and examine carefully the construction of such lifeboats, and he shall satisfy himself that such lifeboats, life rafts, or buoyant apparatus are constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blue prints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When the assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the boat or raft or equipment, he shall stamp his initials, together with the letters "U. S. I.," on a blank space on the plate required to be affixed to the boat by the builder. The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satisfactory evidence to all parties interested that the boat has been constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blue prints, and specifications on file. 37.1-3 Approval — TB/ALL. Any type of lifeboat or life raft approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors shall be considered as equivalent to the standard boat or raft. 37.1-4 Lifeboat davits — TB/ALL. (a) No type or make of mechanical or gravity davit shall be used unless it has first been approved by the Board. (b) No mechanical davits of a character which require manual or other power to turn the boats out to the position for lowering into the water shall be fitted on any vessel the keel of which is laid after September 1, 1941, if such davits are to handle a lifeboat which, without its complement of persons on board, but having on board all air tanks and other lifeboat equipment, exceeds 5,000 pounds total weight: i. e. 2,500 pounds for a single davit arm. An exemption to this requirement may be granted during the period of the national emergency, proclaimed by the President on May 27, 1941, if evidence is presented to the Bureau to sub- stantiate a claim that compliance with this requirement would materially delay the completion and delivery of the vessel. (c) Davits of an approved type, which are capable of swinging the boats into the lowering position without the application of any effort or external force other than that necessary to operate the releasing mechanism, alio whig the boat to move from the stowed position to the lowering position by the force of gravity, shall be provided to handle all lifeboats the total (D-112) TANK VESSELS weight of which, including air tanks and lifeboat equipment, but without the complement of persons on board exceeds 5,000 pounds. (d) Where steel castings are used for davit frames or davit arms this material shall be fully annealed and comply with the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39 and A-215-39T) Tensile strength minimum psi 66, 000 Yield point minimum psi 33, 000 Elongation in 2 inches minimum per cent 22 Reduction of area minimum per cent 33 (e) Chemical composition for castings not intended to be fusion welded. (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39) Manganese maximum per cent 1. 00 Phosphorus maximum per cent 0. 05 Sulphur maximum per cent 0. 06 (f) Chemical composition of castings intended to be fabricated by fusion welding. (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-215-39T) Carbon max. per cent 0. 30 Manganese max. per cent 0. 70 Phosphorus max. per cent 0. 05 Sulphur max. per cent 0. 06 Silicon max. per cent 0. 50 (g) Where structural steel is used for the fabrication of davit frames or davit arms the material shall conform to the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-131-39) Tensile strength psi 60, 000 to 72,000 Yield point min. psi 0. 5 T. S. ™ .. . . . 1, 500, 00 Elongation m 8 in. mm. per cent -y^- — qr — Elongation in 2 inches min. per cent 22 (h) Where welding is employed in the construction of davits, the welders shall be qualified by the Bureau. (i) All moving parts of davits shall be provided with bushings of nonf errous metal, roller or ball bearings properly lubricated. (j) An inspector shall be present at the foundry where castings are made to witness the tensile and bend tests prescribed. The manufacturer shall furnish an affidavit stating that the required tests for annealing have been made. When the inspector has satisfied himself (D-113) TANK VESSELS that such castings comply with the requirements, he shall stamp the davit arm and frame with the letters, B. M. I. N., the initials of his name and the letters, F. T., and date of inspection. (k) Each davit and frame shall be tested for strength and operation at the place of manu- facture in the presence of an inspector. (1) All mechanical and gravity davit arms or frames shall be tested at the extreme outboard position by suspending from the eye or end of each davit arm a weight equal to the weight of the fully loaded and equipped boat (including full complement of persons at 165 pounds each) for which the davit is to be approved, plus 10 per cent. Under this test, a davit arm or frame shall show no permanent set or undue deflection. While this test is being conducted, the frame and arms, if of cast material, shall be subjected to a test by being hammered to satisfy the inspector that the castings are sound and without flaw. (m) While this test load is suspended the operating gear of mechanical davits shall be tested by being operated from inboard to the extreme outboard position with the same operating crank or device used in actual practice aboard ship. (n) The manufacturer shall affix to the davit arm and frame a heavy plate giving the name of manufacturer, date of inspection, serial number, capacity load, space for the in- spector's initials, and the letters B. M. I. N. After the inspector has satisfied himself that the assembled installation meets the requirements, he shall stamp the manufacturer's plates with his initials. Each set of davits shall be marked with identical serial numbers by the manufacturer. (o) No davit arm or frame comprising mechanical or gravity davits shall be placed on board any vessel until all of the requirements of the rules of this section have been fully complied with. Whenever mechanical or gravity davits or parts of davits, such as davit arms, or frames, are installed on vessels, to take the place of davits, davit arms, or frames which have become damaged or broken, such davits or frames shall have the manufacturer's name plate affixed thereto. 37.1-5 Mechanical means for lowering — TB/ALL. Where mechanical means for lowering lifeboats are installed, the requirements of section 59.3a of this chapter shall be met. CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC LIFEBOATS 37.2-1 Specifications — TB/ALL. The following specifications and schedule of life- boat material shall be complied with unless other arrangements in matters of constructional details, design, and strength equivalent in safety and efficiency are approved by the super- vising inspector of the district in which the lifeboat is built. 37.2-2 Keel, stem, and sternpost — TB/ALL. The dimensions of bar keels, stems, and sternposts shall be as given in table. The keel, stem, and sternpost shall be in one length except in the case of a boat of stern frame construction where the stem and keel shall be in one length, scarphed and riveted to the stern frame. The scarph connecting the keel to the stern frame shall have a length of nine times the thickness of the keel, or butt welded with suitable reinforcing straps on both sides. (D-114) TANK VESSELS 37.2-3 Shell plating — TB/ALL. (a) The gage of shell plating shall be as given in table and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 20 percent in a gage length of 8 inches, or of wrought iron having a minimum tensile strength of 45,000 pounds per square inch and a minimum elongation of 12 percent in 8 inches; or of other approved metals. When the minimum thickness of the steel is less than No. 16 B. W. G. the elongation shall be not less than 15 percent in a gage length of 8 inches. (b) The bottom shell plating shall be increased to gages as shown in table for not less than 25 percent of the breadth each side of the keel. (c) Doubling plates of suitable size shall be fitted on all steel boats at points where the shell is liable to corrosion from contact with the boat's chocks. (d) All seam and butt laps shall lap at least 1 % inches. (e) The laps of joints on keel, stem, and sternpost shall be not less than that specified in table. 37.2-4 Riveting — TB/ALL. The several plates composing the shell may be joined together either by riveting or welding. Where riveting is employed, it shall be by double riveting. The center of the row of rivets nearest the edge of a sheet shall be about three- eighths of an inch from the edge. The rivets shall be staggered with not less than 18 rivets to the foot and such rivets shall have countersunk heads. The diameter of the rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. The riveting of the shell plating to the keels, stems, and sternposts shall be with button-head rivets of the following diameters, said riveting to be staggered with not less than 12 rivets to the foot: Inch Boats 24 feet or under y ia Over 24 feet, under 27 % Over 27 feet, under 32 fa 37.2-5 Welding — TB/ALL — (a) Requirements. Where welding is employed in life- boat or life raft construction, it shall be in accordance with the following specifications for fusion welding of sheet metal : (b) Scope. These specifications apply only to the application of fusion welding to lifeboats, life rafts, air tanks, and similar vessels subject to pressures not to exceed 15 pounds per square inch. (c) Materials — (1) Base metal. The materials shall be steel or wrought iron plates (galvanized) having a thickness of not less than No. 18 B. W. G. nor more than three- sixteenths inch. (2) Filler metal. High test electrode shall be used to insure a weld which will have an efficiency equal to the strength of the base metal without reenforcement. (d) Process. Any process of welding which has been approved by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors may be used in the fabrication of lifeboats and life rafts. (e) Design of joints. The following joints are acceptable: Butt joints, flanged joints, or lapped joints, fillet-welded at both edges. 37.2-6 Application of welding — TB/ALL. The plates shall be properly formed and (D-115) TANK VESSELS secured by jigs, clamps, or other suitable devices to prevent sagging or warping. The welder shall use due caution to avoid heating the plate to such an extent as to cause it to become distorted or warped. Care shall be taken to insure that the weld has complete fusion, proper penetration to the full thickness, and is reasonably free from porosity. Pro- vision should be made to provide for reasonable expansion and contraction while the welding is being applied. The weld shall be machined to a reasonable degree of smoothness and gal- vanized by spraying with zinc to protect against the weather. 37.2-7 Supervision — TB/ALL. Manufacturers who desire to construct lifeboats or life rafts by means of any process of fusion welding shall submit plans and specifications to the supervising inspector, showing in detail the design and methods of construction which they propose to employ. The plans or specifications shall contain the following data: (a) Tensile strength of the base metal. (b) Elongation of base metal in a gage length of 4 inches. (c) Trade name of electrode used. (d) Elongation of filler metal in a gage length of 2 inches. 37.2-8 Inspection and tests — TB/ALL. (a) Inspectors shall have access to lifeboats, life rafts, tanks, etc., under construction in order to ascertain whether the material and technique are such as to insure dependable workmanship. (b) Two tension and two bend test specimens shall be taken from each lifeboat, or life-raft cylinder, constructed by means of fusion welding. (c) The tension test specimens shall be made with a reduced section having a gage length of 4 inches. The edges of the bend test specimens may be parallel. Both tension and bend test specimens shall be made with the weld in the center. The reinforcement shall be ground off, and the tension test specimen shall show under test a tensile strength at least equal to that of the base metal. The bend test shall be made in a vise in such manner that the fibers of the weld will be stretched and shall withstand being bent to a radius of not less than twice its thickness without showing cracks or flaws. (d) The inspector making the tests shall satisfy himself that the workmanship is such that the boat or raft so constructed is at least equal in strength and dependability to an approved metallic lifeboat or raft of riveted construction. 37.2-9 Floors— TB/ALL. (a) Floors shall be fitted in lifeboats 26 feet in length and over, of such dimensions as indicated in table. (b) The floors shall be flanged 1% inches top and bottom and fastened to the skin by a single row of rivets % 6 ,-inch in diameter and pitched 3 inches on centers. (c) Limber holes shall be cut in the floors and so located as to provide efficient draining. 37.2-10 Gunwales — TB/ALL. (a) The dimensions of angular steel gunwales shall be as given in table. (b) The gunwales on each side of the lifeboat shall be in not more than two pieces. If the gunwales are fitted in two lengths, the butts shall be kept beyond the midship half length of the boat and at opposite ends on each side. The joint may be riveted or welded, and the backing-up piece shall be angular in section of the thickness of the gunwale, and the (D-116) TANK VESSELS length shall be not less than eight times the depth of the gunwale. It shall be secured to the sheer strake by riveting or welding. (c) The gunwales may be of clear grain oak or teak. When made in two lengths the gunwales shall be scarphed with a good long bevel scarph stiffened on the under side by a piece of the same material at least 2 feet long, 1}{ inches thick, and of the same width as the gunwale. Fastenings securing the gunwale bar or wooden gunwale to the sheer plate shall be spaced on 3-inch centers. (d) The size of gunwales shall be not less than the following dimensions: Depth of gunwale Width of gunwale Length of boat: 12 feet and not over 18 feet _ ___ Inches 1% V/z 2 2}i 2% 2% Inches 2}i Over 18 and not over 20 feet ______ 2}_ Over 20 and not over 22 feet 2% Over 22 and not over 24 feet _____ 2>_ Over 24 and not over 26 feet 2% Over 26 feet _ _ _ ________ ___________ 2% 37.2-11 Nosings — TB/ALL. (a) The outside of the gunwale angle shall have a nosing of clear grain oak or teak secured to the sheer plate and the gunwale by fastenings spaced on 6-inch centers which fastenings may be substituted for alternate fastenings between the gunwale bar or the wooden gunwale and the sheer strake ; the flat side of the nosing on boats not over 20 feet long shall be not less than 1}_ inches wide and five-eighths inch thick; on boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet, it shall be not less than 1% inches wide and 1 inch thick; on all boats over 24 feet, it shall be not less than 2% inches wide and 1 inch thick. (b) Steel gunwales made from steel plates bent to a }_-inch inside radius need not be fitted with nosings. The vertical leg of the gunwale shall be outboard of the sheer strake. 37.2-12 Gunwale braces — TB/ALL. (a) The gunwales shall be secured to the thwarts by steel braces and teed on the thwarts as follows: • Size of brace Teed on thwarts Length of boat: 22 feet and under _ _ _ _ _ Inches 5 /ie by 1% ■ % byl>_ Inches 4 Over 22 feet _ _ _ _____ 5 (b) The gunwale braces shall be bolted to thwarts and riveted or welded to gunwales. 37.2-13 Breast plates — TB/ALL. Breast plates shall be fitted to the stem and stern- post, the thickness of the breast plates to be not less than the thickness of the leg of the gunwale. The depth of the throat of the plate shall be not less than twice the depth of the gunwale. (D-117) TANK VESSELS 37.2-14 Thwarts — TB/ALL. (a) The dimensions of the thwarts shall be as given in table except that the mast thwarts shall be 2 inches wider and the hole properly reenforced. The number of thwarts shall be not less than the following: Length of boat: No. of thwarts Under 18 feet 4 18 feet and under 24 , 5 24 feet and under 28 6 28 feet and under 32 7 (b) The thwart ends shall be fitted between flanges and secured thereto by bolts in addition to the bolts through the gunwale braces. The U flanges shall extend inboard to take the brace bolt, which shall be 1 inch in width less than the thwart. (c) Stretchers or lower cross seats of sufficient size and strength shall be fitted in suitable positions for the efficient rowing of all boats. (d) In boats over 20 feet in length where lower cross or side seats are required to be fitted, they shall be well secured and supported. They shall not be placed more than 12 inches above the floors. (e) Stanchions: Stanchions shall be fitted in all lifeboats where the unsupported length of the thwarts exceeds 4% feet. (f) Footings: Footings shall cover the bottom of the boat between the side tanks, spaced not more than 2 inches apart. The width of the footings shall be not less than 7)i inches except the center footing, which shall not be less than 9% inches. (g) The footings shall be made readily portable, and so arranged that the plugs are at all times directly accessible without removing any fitting. 37.2-15 Metallic lifeboat scantling— TB/ALL. ■d a a ■£ ft . a M M u a m p 3 £< 03 Es P. < Shell plate Floors "3 A a o a ft 3 03 RJg o a a ft II Cv cj O K> s ■a B 03 m O.T3 g 5 n m ftji Es'~ _o "o3 Length of boat not over — bo .s o3 a a> 2 33 P. a "o |-s o n ° 1 a M 3 o 1 a blvG w a C3 „ ft c si 03 03 3 03 In. 2H by H 2H by Vi 21/2 by % 21/2 by % 2/2 by % IY2 by % 3 by% 3 by H ZVz by % 3 k by % 4 by U In. 2 by Ik by H 2 by Ik by U 2 by Ik by H 2 by 2 by M 2 by 2 by J4 2 by 2 by H 21/2 by 2 by Y* 21/2 by 2 by H 2k by 2k by ]A 21/2 by 2i/2 by H VA by 2k by H No. 18 B. w. a. do do do No. 16 B. W. G. do. No. 18 B. W. G. do do do No. 16 B. W. G. ... do In. In. In. 2 by H 2 by U 2 by H 2 by H 2 by H 2 by M 2 by i/i 2 by H 2 by H 2 by Yi 2 by Y* In. lHeby7H lMeby7J4 lMeby7^ l 5 Af>by7H lMeby7J4 lMe by7H 11/ by 9 VA by 9 IY2 by 9 1 3 4 by 9 Wi by 9 7n. Ike by 4k lMe by 4k Ike by 4k 1Mb by 41 2 Ike by 4k Ike by 4k Ike by 4k Ike by 5k Ike by 5k Ike by 5k> lkebv5k 7 A % 7 A 7 A % 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A In. 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A % 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A In. 5* 14 feet inches. _ 16 feet inches.. 18 feet inches.. :::: :::: 5i 54 9i do. _.. do 7 A 7 A 7 A 26 feet inches.. 28 feet inches. . 30 feet inches.. 32 feet inches.. No. 14 B. W. G. do do do No. 13 B. W. G. do do do 6 6 6 6 No. 14 B. W. G. do do do 36 36 30 30 37.2-16 Hoisting shackles — TB/ALL. (a) Hoisting or lifting shackles when installed in the ends of lifeboats shall have the shackle pins go through the stem and sternpost. Sec- (D-118) TANK VESSELS tional area around the shackle pinhole shall be at least equal to the area of the shackle speci- fied for the lifeboat. In cases where the lifting shackles are required to be installed inside of the lifeboats, such lifting shackles shall be attached to bracket plates, riveted to stem and sternpost or to rods with bracket plates riveted to keel. The complete unit for each boat of the brackets, rods, and connecting bolts shall be of sufficient strength to support the loaded lifeboat with a safety factor of 6. (b) Hooks may be allowed in lieu of lifting shackles when constructed with a safety factor of 6, except when disengaging apparatus is required. (c) Rings or links shall not be attached to lifeboats for hoisting purposes. When at- tached to the lower tackle blocks they shall be of such strength as to resist the proof load test without set, six times the maximum working load. (d) The safety factor of 6 referred to is on material having a tensile strength of 58,000 to 65,000 pounds per square inch. 37.2-17 Plug — TB/ALL. Each lifeboat shall be fitted with an automatic plug. 37.2-18 Galvanizing and plating — TB/ALL. All steel or iron entering into the con- struction of lifeboats shall be galvanized by the hot process. 37.2-19 Air tanks — TB/ALL. (a) All lifeboats contracted for after September 30, 1912, shall have not more than 50 percent of the air-tank capacity in the ends of the boat and the remaining capacity shall be located in the side tanks (b) After June 20, 1912, the air tanks of all lifeboats shall be entirely independent of the hull or other construction and shall be of suitable noncorrosive material and of a capacity of not less than 1.5 cubic feet for each person allowed in metallic boats and not less than 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in the wooden boats: Provided, That in all metallic boats constructed and inspected on and after March 1, 1931, there shall be at least 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in addition to sufficient air-tank capacity to float the boat (including its equipment), when filled with water. Such air tanks shall be firmly and securely fastened in the hull, and in such manner as will allow them to be temporarily removed, and in no case shall the tanks be punctured or opened for such fastenings. The tops of such tanks shall be thoroughly protected by a grating or platform or by the thwarts or seats. Such air tanks of 6 cubic feet or less shall be constructed of material of a thickness not less than No. 22 B. W. G. ; from 6 cubic feet to and including 15 cubic feet, of a thickness not less than No. 20 B. W. G.; and all air tanks of more than 15 cubic feet capacity shall be of a thickness not less than No. 18 B. W. G. (c) All joints of air tanks shall be properly double riveted and tightly calked or securely hook-jointed and efficiently soldered or properly and securely welded, and such air tanks shall be located in such a manner that will permit the lifeboat to be on as near an even keel as possible when flooded with water. (d) The cubical contents of air space of air tank shall be stamped on the tank where same can be seen when air tank is placed in boat. (e) All air tanks shall be fitted with a connection of one-half inch outside diameter for testing purposes. (D-119) TANK VESSELS (f) Before any lifeboat is passed and accepted, the air tanks thereof shall be tested in the presence of an inspector of this Bureau by an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch. CONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN LIFEBOATS 37.3-1 Materials — TB/ALL. The timber shall be of the best quality, well seasoned, free from sapwood, shakes, and objectionable knots. The other materials shall be the best of their respective kinds. 37.3-2 Framing — TB/ALL. (a) Keels, stems, sternposts, aprons, and deadwoods shall be oak or elm with no short grain or shakes. Parts having considerable curvature shall be oak or hackmatack grown to form. The stem and sternpost are to be rabbeted to take the plank ends and form an efficient stop for the calk. The depth of the rabbet shall not exceed the thickness of the plank. (b) Aprons shall be of sufficient size to insure a 3-inch faying surface and receive the double fastenings of the hooded ends. (c) Deadwoods are to be of the same size as the keel and are to scarph properly with the apron and keelson. The timbers are to be checked into the deadwoods, and cavities filled with marine glue to form a water course. (d) Keel and hog piece shall be elm or oak, and the keel shall be in one length. (e) Scarphs connecting the stem and sternpost to the keel may be either vertical or horizontal. The vertical scarphs shall be secured by five clinched nails, and the horizontal or flat scarphs shall be properly lipped and secured by at least two- through feastenings. Ordinary tenons shall not be accepted as equivalent to scarphs. (f) Stem bands shall be galvanized wrought iron and extend from the breasthook over the stem head to keel plate or 2 feet abaft the scarph. 37.3-3 Planking — TB/ALL. (a) The planking may be of the clincher, carvel, or multiple-skin types, the carvel and double plank to be recommended, especially the latter when for use on vessels in tropical trades. (b) In clincher-built boats the extreme breadth of the plank is not to exceed 5% inches; except in the four strakes next to the keel, which may be as follows: 2 at 7 inches, 1 at 6)2 inches, and 1 at 6 inches. (c) In boats 18 feet in length and under, these breadths may require to be reduced about an inch. The landings shall not be less than seven-eighths inch in breadth. The planks should be in as long lengths as possible, with an efficient shift of butts. There shall be at least two passing strakes between butts in the same timber space. 37.3-4 Timbers — TB/ALL. Timbers shall be elm or oak bent to shape and fitted in one length from gunwale to gunwale, except in the extreme ends of the boats. The spacing of timbers shall not exceed 6 inches center to center. 37.3-5 Stiffeners — TB/ALL. (a) Keelsons shall be in one length and overlap the deadwoods so as to take all the fastenings of the lifting plates. A substantial hardwood chock shall be well secured to the keelson to form a mast step; the keelson shall not be cut for this purpose. (D-120) TANK VESSELS (b) The bilge stringers and risings should be in as long lengths as possible, properly scarphed at the butts, and either through fastened at each timber or fastened at each timber with a brass screw. (c) In boats 25 feet in length and over, the heads of the timbers are to be carried up and connected through the sheer strake and gunwale. (d) In all boats, provision shall be made for double-banking the oars. 37 3-6 Thwarts and stanchions, etc. — TB/ALL. (a) The number of thwarts shall not be less than given by the following: Lifeboats, length in feet: No. of thwarts 18 and under 4 Over 18 and not over 24 5 Over 24 and not over 28 6 Over 28 and not over 30 7 (b) The distance of the top of the thwarts below the top of the gunwale shall be as follows: Lifeboats, length in feet: Inches 22 and under 9 Over 22 and not above 28 10 Over 28 and not above 30 11 (c) The thwarts shall be scored over the timbers and directly attached to the risings by means of two screws at each end. (d) In all boats where the unsupported length of the thwarts exceeds 5 feet, stanchions well connected to the thwart and to the side of keelson shall be fitted. (e) The side benches shall be continuous and fitted in as long lengths as possible; they shall not be removable but form part of the permanent structure of the boat. (f) In boats over 20 feet in length where lower cross or side seats are required to be fitted, they are to be well secured and supported. They shall be placed as low as practicable. (g) Stretchers or lower cross seats of sufficient size and strength are to be fitted in suitable positions for the efficient rowing of all boats. (h) All lower seats and bottom boards are to be made readily portable, and so arranged that the plugs are at all times directly accessible without removing any fitting. (i) The plug chains are to be securely attached to the boat by screws. 37.3-7 Thwart knees — TB/ALL. (a) The knees shall be of wrought or stamped iron, galvanized, \}{ inches thick at the thwart. (b) In lifeboats over 24 feet in length, the knees shall be double, but, in lieu thereof, iron knees of special design may be adopted. (c) The knees shall be connected to the side of the boat and to the thwarts by at least 2 through fastenings in each arm. Nut and screw bolts are recommended for the purpose. The bolts should be cupheaded and the nuts have iron plate washers on the under side of the thwarts. Any additional fastenings may be stout screws, but spike or wire nails are not to be allowed. A hardwood chock 3 inches wide should be fitted between knee and side of boat to receive knees and fastenings of sheer strake. (D-121) TANK VESSELS (d) Where wood knees are preferred, they should be of oak, ash, elm, or hackmatack grown to form. The fastenings may be galvanized iron, but wire nails shall not be allowed. 37.3-8 Breasthooks — TB/ALL. (a) The sides of the boat at the ends shall be well bound together across the middle line, the breasthooks being of sufficient number and size, having regard to the dimensions and form of the boat. The arms are to extend along the sides of the boat for at least two timber spaces, and are to be through fastened by 2 bolts in each arm and 1 through the throat. (b) The breasthooks are to be galvanized iron, or oak or hackmatack grown to form. 37.3-9 Rubbers, filling pieces, bilge keels — TB/ALL. (a) Fore and aft rubbers shall be fitted to all boats. (b) Clincher-built boats are to have filling pieces for about one-third of the boat's length amidships, fitted to the projecting plank edges from the gunwale to the bilge. (c) In all boats intended to accommodate more than 60 persons, vertical fenders extend- ing from the gunwale down to the bilge, are to be fitted to facilitate launching on the high side of a listed ship. These fenders are to be sufficient in number to prevent damage to the boats when being lowered. If the fenders are of wood they are to have cope iron fitted to the outside edges. (d) Particulars of any proposed arrangements, including alternatives such as skates or rollers temporarily secured to the boat to prevent it from being damaged, and to facilitate launching, are to be submitted for the Board's approval. (e) When bilge keels are fitted, they shall be secured to a doubling plank well fastened to the bottom planking and timbers by brass screws. Bilge-keel fastenings shall not pene- trate the bottom planking. Suitable hand grips shall be made in the bilge keels for use in event of capsizing. 37.3-10 Fastenings — TB/ALL. (a) Fastenings of the keel, stem, and stern post, aprons, knees, keelsons, or deadwood shall be through fastenings wherever practicable, or long screws. There shall not be less than six through fastenings in the deadwood at each end of the boat. (b) The hog shall be secured to the keel by galvanized screws 8 inches to 7 inches apart, and the keelson to the keel by through fastenings 24 to 27 inches apart. In boats over 23 feet in length, the hog may be in two pieces provided it is scarphed to the satisfaction of the inspector. (c) Box gunwales shall be through fastened at every timber, and solid gunwales should be secured with at least four through fastenings between each pair of thwart knees and strengthened by check pieces in way of rowlocks. All gunwales when not fitted in one length shall have either lipped or table scarphs, and the scarphs of gunwales shall be kept if possible beyond midship half length of the boat. (d) Plank fastenings shall be copper of sufficient length and gage, and those in the plank edges, scarphs, and timbers properly clinched. One fastening is required between the timbers in each edge of each plank, subject to a maximum spacing of 3% inches in clincher- built boats. (D-122) TANK VESSELS 37.3-11 Air tanks — TB/ALL. (a) All lifeboats contracted for after September 30, 1912, shall have not more than 50 percent of the air-tank capacity in the ends of the boat and the remaining capacity shall be located in the side tanks. (b) After June 20, 1912, the air tanks of all lifeboats shall be entirely independent of the hull or other construction and shall be of suitable no n corrosive material and of a capacity of not less than 1.5 cubic feet for each person allowed in metallic boats and not less than 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in wooden boats: Provided, That in all metallic boats constructed and inspected on and after March 1, 1931, there shall be at least 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in addition to sufficient air-tank capacity to float the boat (including its equipment), when filled with water. Such air tanks shall be firmly and securely fastened in the hull, and in such manner as will allow them to be temporarily removed, and in no case shall the tanks be punctured or opened for such fastenings. The tops of such tanks shall be thoroughly protected by a grating or platform or by the thwarts or seats. Such air tanks of 6 cubic feet or less shall be constructed of material of a thickness not less than No. 22 B. W. G. ; from 6 cubic feet to and including 15 cubic feet, of a thickness not less than No. 20 B. W. G. ; and all air tanks of more than 15 cubic feet capacity shall be of a thickness not less than No. 18 B. W. G. (c) All joints of air tanks shall be properly double riveted and tightly calked or securely hook jointed and efficiently soldered or properly and securely welded, and such air tanks shall be located in such a manner that will permit the lifeboat to be on as near an even keel as possible when flooded with water. (d) The cubical contents of air space of air tank shall be stamped on the tank where same can be seen when air tank is placed in boat. (e) All air tanks shall be fitted with a connection of one-half inch outside diameter for testing purposes. (f) Before any lifeboat is passed and accepted, the air tanks thereof shall be tested in the presence of an inspector of this service by an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch. CONSTRUCTION OF RAFTS 37.4-1 Cylinders — TB/ALL. (a) All metal life-raft cylinders of more than 15 feet in length or of more than 16 inches in diameter shall be constructed of metal not less than No. 18 B. W. G. No life-raft cylinders shall be of less thickness of metal than No.20 B. W. G. (b) The retaining bands which secure the cylinders to the frame shall be made in halves, so that the cylinders may be detached without difficulty and without disassembling the body of the raft, for the purpose of inspection, cleaning, and painting, as required by § 59.46 of this chapter. Wooden guards and gunwales shall be secured to the retaining bands by angle- iron clips or by the jaws of the retaining bands. Iron rods extending across the raft at top and bottom shall pass through the gunwale and its securing clips or jaws at each end of the raft. The ends of the rods shall be properly secured with a screw nut inside and outside of the gunwale. (D-123) TANK VESSELS (c) All such cylinders shall be divided by water-tight bulkheads into not less than three compartments of equal lengths. Cylinders over 9 feet in length shall be divided into equal lengths by water-tight bulkheads into not less than one compartment for every 3 feet of its length. One of such bulkheads shall be at the extreme end of each cylinder or as near thereto as the flange of cone or bumped ends will permit. Each compartment shall be provided with a suitable airpump connection of one-half inch outside diameter, fitted with airtight cap. (d) Only countersunk-headed rivets shall be used in the construction of metallic life rafts. (e) All seams and joints shall be properly double riveted. (f) The above provisions of this section shall take effect only as to life rafts constructed after December 31, 1908. (g) Tne circumferential as well as the longitudinal seams of life-raft cylinders shall be riveted and tightly calked, or securely hook jointed and efficiently soldered, or properly and securely welded on rafts constructed after June 30, 1905. Such longitudinal seams shall be secured by not less than 12 rivets to each foot, circumferential seams by not less than 10 rivets to each foot, and bulkheads by not less than 8 rivets to each foot. Bulkhead flanges may be single riveted. The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. 37.4-2 Framework — TB/ALL. The framework connecting the cylinders of metallic life rafts shall be substantially built and capable of resisting the strain which tends to break the cylinders apart when the raft is broadside on in surf or seaway. 37.4-3 Test — TB/ALL. Before any life raft is passed and accepted, the air tanks thereof shall be tested in the presence of an inspector of this Bureau by an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch. 37.4-4. Approval — TB/ALL. No type of raft may be approved unless it satisfies the following conditions: (a) It should be reversible and fitted with bulwarks of wood, canvas, or other suitable material on both sides. These bulwarks may be collapsible, and shall be not less than 4 inches high. (b) It should be of such size, strength, and weight that it can be handled without me- chanical appliances, and, if necessary, be thrown from the vessel's deck. (c) It should have not less than 3 cubic feet of air cases or equivalent buoyancy for each person whom it can accommodate. (d) A life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the oceans or coastwise should have a deck area of not less than 4 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate, and the platform should be not less than 6 inches aboA>e the water level when the raft is loaded. (e) A life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the Great Lakes, and bays, sounds. and lakes other than the Great Lakes, should have a deck area of not less than 3 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate. (f) A life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the rivers exclusively should have a deck area of not less than 2.5 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate. (D-124) TANK VESSELS (g) The air tanks or equivalent buoyancy should be placed as near as possible to the sides of the raft. CARRYING CAPACITY OF LIFEBOATS AND LIFE RAFTS 37.5-1 Capacity of open boats — (a) TB/ALL. The cubic capacity of an open boat shall be determined by Stirling's (Simpson's) rule or by any other method, approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, giving the same degree of accuracy. The capacity of a square-sterned boat shall be calculated as if the boat had a pointed stern. (b) TB/ALL. For example, the capacity in cubic feet of a boat, calculated by the aid of Stirling's rule, may be considered as given by the following formula: Capacity = ^(4yl+2 J B+4c7) "L" being the length of the boat in feet from the inside of the planking or plating at the stem to the corresponding point at the sternpost; in the case of a boat with a square stern, the length is measured to the inside of the transom. A, B, C, denote, respectively, the areas of the cross sections at the quarter length forward, amidships, and the quarter length aft, which correspond to the three points obtained by dividing L into four equal parts. (The areas corresponding to the two ends of the boat are considered negligible.) (c) TB/ALL. The areas A, B, C shall be deemed to be given in square feet by the suc- cessive application of the following formula to each of the three cross sections: Area=^(a + 46 + 2c+4d+e) h being the depth measured in feet inside the planking or plating from the keel to the level of the gunwale, or, in certain cases, to a lower level, as determined hereafter, a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths of the boat measured in feet at the upper and lower points of the depth and at the three points obtained by dividing h into four equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme points, and c at the middle point, of h) . (d) TB/ALL. If the sheer of the gunwale, measured at the two points situated at a quarter of the length of the boat from the ends, exceeds 1 percent of the length of the boat, the depth employed in calculating the area of the cross sections A or C shall be deemed to be the depth amidships plus 1 percent of the length of the boat. (e) TB/ALL. If the depth of the boat amidships exceeds 45 percent of the breadth, the depth employed in calculating the area of the midship cross section B shall be deemed to be equal to 45 percent of the breadth; and the depth employed in calculating the areas of the quarter-length sections A and C is obtained by increasing this last figure by an amount equal to 1 percent of the length of the boat, provided that in no case shall the depths employed in the calculation exceed the actual depths at these points. (f) TB/ALL. If the depth of the boat is greater than 4 feet, the number of persons given by the application of this rule shall be reduced in proportion to the ratio of 4 feet to the actual depth, until the boat has been satisfactorily tested afloat with that number of persons on board, all wearing life jackets. 327208°— 42 — —9 (D-125) TANK VESSELS (g) TB/ALL. The following rule may be used, provided it does not give a greater capacity than that obtained by the above method : Measure the length and breadth outside of the planking or plating and the depth inside at the place of minimum depth. The depth used in calculating shall not in any case exceed 45 percent of the breadth. The product of these dimensions multiplied by 0.6 resulting in the nearest whole number shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. (h) TB/OCLB. To determine the number of persons a boat may carry, divide the result by 10 for all vessels navigating waters other than rivers. (i) TB/OCLB. The carrying capacity of a boat 22 feet in length, 6 feet in breadth, and 2}2 feet in depth, shall be determined as follows: 22X6X2KX0.6 198 10 10 19 persons (j) TB/R. To determine the number of persons a boat is to carry, for vessels navigating rivers divide the result by 8. Example: 22X6X2 ^X0.6 198 oc 5 = ~5-=25 persons o o (k) TB/R. Lifeboats with the ends at least nine-tenths of the width of the boat at its widest part and sides and ends of even height, to be used on steamers navigating rivers only shall be measured in accordance with the following rule: Measure the length and breadth outside of the plates and the depth inside at the center. The product of these dimensions multiplied by 0.9 resulting in the nearest whole number shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. (1) TB/ALL. The cubical capacity of a lifeboat propelled by hand-operated propeller shall be obtained by deducting from the gross capacity a volume equal to that occupied by such device. (m) TB/ALL. In all cases the vessel owner has the right to require that the cubic capacity of the boat shall be determined by exact measurements. (n) TB/ALL. Every lifeboat shall have sufficient room, freeboard, and stability to carry safely the number of persons allowed to be carried by the above rule, which fact shall be determined by actual test in the water at the time of the first inspection of the lifeboat, except that where a vessel is carrying lifeboats, of different types or capacities, at least one lifeboat of each type or capacity shall be so tested. 37.5-2 Capacity of life rafts— TB/ALL. (a) The capacity of all life rafts shall be determined as follows: (b) For every person carried, there shall be not less than 3 cubic feet of air cases or equivalent buoyancy; and for a life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the oceans or coastwise there shall be a deck area of not less than 4 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate, and the platform should be not less than 6 inches above the water level when the raft is loaded; for a life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, there shall be a deck area of not less (D-126) TANK VESSELS than 3 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate; for a life raft carried on tank vessels navigating the rivers exclusively, there shall be a deck area of not less than 2.5 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate. (c) Rafts shall never be allowed a greater number of persons than for whom there is proper seating capacity without interfering with the use of the oars. 37.5-3 Capacity of buoyant apparatus — TB/ALL. The capacity of all buoyant apparatus will be determined by the number of persons for which the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation has approved the particular types and size of the said appliance. CORK LIFE PRESERVERS 37.6-1 General — TB/ALL. (a) Every life preserver adjustable to the body of an adult person, manufactured after Februaiy 10, 1923, shall be of the reversible type, made of suitable material approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, with straps properly attached on each side of the body of the life preserver (thus making it reversible), with recesses under the arms, thereby allowing the front and back sections to fit around the upper part of the wearer, and held in place by the straps, and the upper part of the life preserver shall be made vestlike cut so as to fit snugly over the shoulders, the whole so constructed as to place the main buoyant body of the device underneath the shoulders and around the body in a manner that it will support the person wearing it in an upright or a slightly backward position. (b) All such life preservers shall not be less than 52 inches in length when measured laid flat, and every life preserver shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the said weight be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull upon said life preserver of at least 20 pounds. 37.6-2 Covering — TB/ALL. All life preservers shall be covered with unbleached, uncolored, or chrome yellow (vat dye) cotton drill or twill without filling or sizing, weighing not less than 7.2 ounces to the square yard, except that vivatex or its equivalent may be used where it is of a weight not less than 10.2 ounces for each square yard. The covering shall be in not more than 2 pieces, 1 piece forming either side. The lower longitudinal edge of the covering seam shall be turned to a roll and closely rope stitched: 37.6-3 Straps — TB/ALL. The straps or other approved means of securing the life preserver about the body of the wearer shall be of double- woven cotton tape of 1% inches width with two selvage or cord edges, of 175 pounds tensile strength, extending along both sides of the life preserver and secured thereto in a permanent manner, so as to make such life preserver reversible, the ends of the straps extending 12 inches beyond the ends of the jacket: Provided, That when it becomes necessary to replace belt straps on life preservers of the single-belt type, it shall be done in the foregoing manner, so as to make such repaired life preservers reversible. 37.6-4 Thread — TB/ALL. All thread used in the construction of life preservers shall be of a size and strength not less than Barbour's linen, three-cord, No. 25, machine thread, (D-127) TANK VESSELS and any thread other than linen shall be approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectois before being permitted to be used. All seams and other machine sewing on life preservers shall be with a short lock stitch, not less than eight stitches to the inch. 37.6-5 Cork — TB/ALL. (a) Cork block life preservers shall contain an aggregate weight of 5)i pounds of good cork in the body thereof, and where the blocks are made up of separate pieces said pieces shall be fastened with noncorrosive materials. (b) Blocks of compressed cork when used in life preservers shall weigh in the aggregate not less than 5% pounds in the body thereof, and shall be so constructed that said blocks will sustain, without disintegration or substantial expansion, a submersion test satisfactory to the inspector examining the same, and at the expiration of such test shall have the buoyancy above required. (c) The edges, corners, and outside surface of block material used in the construction of life preservers shall present a smooth surface to guard against undue destruction of the covering material and present suitable smooth surface for legible stenciling and stamping by the inspectors making the inspection. 37.6-6 Cork substitute — TB/ALL. Blocks of balsa wood or sheaves of tule when used in life preservers shall fulfill the same requirements as for life preservers constructed of solid or compressed cork as to construction, material in cover, straps, and thread and be subjected to similar tests for buoyancy. 37.6-7 Collar — TB/ALL. When a kapok collar is provided, it shall be filled with prime Java kapok, efficiently tufted, such collar filling to weigh at least 10 ounces, and every such kapok collar shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 48 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the weight shall be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull of at least 11 times the weight of the completed collar or collar sample undergoing the test. Such kapok supporting collars and all other supporting collars shall be subjected to buoyancy test separate from and independent of that of the test required for the body of the life preserver. 37.6-8 Approval — TB/ALL. (a) Every new type of life preserver submitted to the Board of Supervising Inspectors for approval shall be accompanied by specifications, blue prints, or drawings, in triplicate, and no such type of life preserver shall be approved without an actual satisfactory service test being witnessed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors (b) After September 2, 1921, no life preserver shall be passed at the factory inspection which does not fulfill the foregoing requirements, but life preservers now in use or already passed at factory inspection may be used on board vessels, provided they are constructed in accordance with the laws and regulations in force up to the date of September 2, 1921, and are in good and serviceable condition: Provided, That life preservers that have deterio- rated to the extent of requiring new covers may be used upon vessels under the jurisdiction of this service when reconstructed in a manner to conform in every particular with the foregoing requirements. 37.6-9 Marking — TB/ALL. All life preservers shall be marked with the name and address of the manufacturer. (D-128) TANK VESSELS 37.6-10 Inspection — TB/ALL. The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a local or assistant inspector to any place where approved life preservers are manufactured, whose duty it shall be to test and examine all life preservers manufactured at that place and satisfy himself that such life preservers are in accordance with the requirements of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. When found to be in accordance with the requirements, the inspector shall stamp them with a stamp bearing the initials of his name and the date of examination and certifying that they have been examined and passed. When life preservers are so stamped, it shall be prima facie evidence that they comply with the requirements of law and regulations as to their original construction, and they may thereafter be accepted by inspectors, in their discretion, as being in accordance with law and the Rules and Regu- lations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. KAPOK LIFE PRESERVERS 37.7-1 Approval — TB/ALL. (a) Every type kapok life preserver used on any vessel subject to inspection by this Bureau shall first be approved by the Board of Supervising In- spectors. The life preservers receiving such approval shall conform in every respect to the sample submitted to the board. (b) Kapok life preservers to receive the approval of the Board shall be simple in design and of a character to support the wearer in an upright or slightly backward position. The life preserver shall be filled with not less than 1% pounds of prime Java kapok and shall be suitably and efficiently tufted. It shall be tested for buoyancy as follows. 37.7-2 Test— TB/ALL. (a) At least 1 life preserver from each lot of 250 shall be selected indiscriminately by an inspector of this Bureau for buoyancy test. (b) The life preserver shall be submerged in a tank of fresh water for a period of 48 hours. (c) The life preserver shall then support in fresh water a submerged weight of 20 pounds for a period of 24 hours. Whenever life preservers contain more than 1% pounds of kapok in the body thereof the buoyant test shall be made in the ratio of 20 pounds to each 1% pounds of kapok. 37.7-3 Collar — TB/ALL. When a kapok collar is provided it shall be filled with prime Java kapok, efficiently tufted, such collar filling to weigh at least 10 ounces, and every such kapok collar shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 48 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the weight shall be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull of at least 11 times the weight of the completed collar or collar sample undergoing the test. Such kapok supporting collars and all other supporting collars shall be subjected to a buoyancy test separate from and inde- pendent of that of the test required for the body of the life preserver. 37.7-4 Marking — TB/ALL. All approved kapok life preservers shall be marked with , the name and address of the manufacturer. Each life preserver shall be marked on the front compartment " Adults," if for the use of adults; and "Children," if for the use of children; and if of a character suitable for the use of both adults and children, it shall be so marked. (D-129) TANK VESSELS 37.7-5 Inspection — TB/ALL. For each lot of 250 life preservers, the manufacturer shall submit to the local inspectors of the district in which manufactured an affidavit setting forth the material with which the life preservers are filled and that the life preservers meet in every respect the requirements of the General Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. Every life preserver meeting the above requirements shall be inspected by an inspector of this Bureau and stamped with his initials and the date of inspec- tion. LIFE BUOYS 37.8-1 Buoyancy — TB/ALL. Life buoys shall be capable of sustaining in fresh water for a continuous period of 24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether said weight Lon < St INCHES- 7INCHES be fired from the gun when mounted on its own carriage, lashed as in shipboard use. After the test has been satisfactorily completed, the gun and carriage shall show no signs of frac- ture or damage. (b) Marking of gun and equipment and filing reports. The mounted type line-carrying gun and its equipment, i. e., carriage line box, or reel and projectiles, shall all bear the same number and be initialed by the inspector who observes the test. He shall file a report of the test, together with the number of the gun, the date, and the result, in the office of the supervising inspector in whose district the test is made, and the supervising inspector shall furnish the manufacturer a copy of the report. 37.10-5 Signal pistol — T/OC. The signal pistol outfit shall be constructed in accord- ance with the following specifications: (a) The pistol shall be substantially constructed of good quality material properly pro- tected against corrosion. The dimensions of the barrel and chamber of the pistol shall con- form with the dimensions set forth in the following diagrams: (D-134) TANK VESSELS (b) The exterior case of the cartridge shall be made of suitable metal and shall be rea- sonably proof against the entrance of moisture. (c) The signal projectile when discharged vertically upward shall attain an altitude of not less than 150 feet, and be so constructed that the parachute will be expelled at approxi- mately the maximum altitude reached. ujjZQ* oo3 J V77////////////n Buot.oio. 1 u •o 1 MfWlHC StGAf/tL PISTOL fifOTS- CH/tMB£R HMO SOH£ &MENSIOM APPROVED SBC&ai />J&TOL Figure 1. fo« (d) The pyrotechnic candle shall be suspended by a suitable parachute at the approxi- mate altitude of expulsion and the average rate of descent during the period of burning shall not exceed 6 feet per second in reasonably still air. (e) The projectile case and delay element shall be so constructed as to prevent any possibility of the propelling charge blowing by and causing premature ejection of the pro- jectile contents. (f) All approved signal cartridges shall be capable of being fitted into and fired from a pistol that is bored and chambered in conformity with the chamber drawing illustrated in figure 1. (g) The pyrotechnic candle shall burn for not less than 30 seconds with a brilliant red flame of not less than 20,000 candle power as determined by a Sharp-Millar photometer or equivalent photometric device. (h) All pistols and cartridges shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer and date of manufacture. All pistols and cartridges manufactured and approved before the effective date of this section may be continued in use until replaced. (D-135) TANK VESSELS (i) Signal cartridges shall not be retained on board and in use for a period of more than 4 years from the date of manufacture. (j) The portable water-tight case shall be constructed of copper or other noncorrosive metal or steel which has been thoroughly galvanized, of not less than No. 19 B. W. G. thick- ness, seams lock jointed and soldered. The cover shall fit on a tight rubber gasket and be securely held in place by clamps or dogs. The case shall be of a size that will conveniently contain the pistol and 12 cartridges. (D-136) PART 38— TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUEFIED INFLAMMABLE GASES Sec. 38.6-1 Hose specification— TB/ALL. 38.7-1 Filling densities— TB/ALL. 38.8-1 Installation— TB/ALL. 38.9-1 Venting— TB/ALL. 38.10-1 Periodic test— TB/ALL. 38.11-1 Certificate of Inspection— TB/ALL. 38.12-1 Electrical bonding— TB/ALL. Sec. 38.1-1 Requirements for construction — TB/ALL. 38.1-2 Markings— TB/ALL. 38.2-1 Valves and accessories — TB/ALL. 38.2-2 Installations excess flow and back-pressure check valves- TB/ALL. 38.3-1 Piping and fittings— TB/ALL. 38.4-1 Safety devices— TB/ALL. 38.5-1 Liquid level gauging devices — TB/ALL. Section 38.1-1 Requirements for construction — TB/ALL. (a) Cargo tanks shall be constructed and tested in accordance with the requirements of Parts 50 to 57, inclusive, as amended, for Class 2 unfired pressure vessels of welded construction. (b) Each cargo tank shall be inspected and tested to determine its maximum safe working pressure and shall be certified for stowage of any liquefied inflammable gases having a vapor pressure (gauge pressure) at 115° F. not exceeding that working pressure. 38.1-2 Markings — TB/ALL. (a) Upon completing the inspection of a tank, the inspector, if fully satisfied that the tank is built in all respects in accordance with the approved drawings or blueprints on file, and that the workmanship and material are good and the tank safe for the working pressure for which it was approved, shall cause it to be stamped with the following inscription, which must be legible: WLD PV NO ST SD HT HR TS MTL CL GR TP LBS CAP USI , DATE SWP LBS Abbreviations: PV- 1 — Pressure vessels. ST— Shell thickness. SD — Shell diameter. HT — Head thickness. HR — Head radius. TS — Tensile strength. MTL— Material. (b) In addition to the marking described above, the following inscription shall be placed on the housing protecting the filling line at the tank: "Cargo having a vapor pressure exceeding pounds per square inch gauge at 115° F. tem- perature shall not be loaded into this tank." CL— Class. GR— Grade. TP — Test pressure. SWP — Safe working pressure. CAP — Capacity water gals. U. S. USI — Inspector's Initials and Serial. WLD— Welded. (D-137) TANK VESSELS This inscription may be stenciled on the protective housing or a corrosion-resisting plate containing this data may be securely attached thereon. This inscription shall be legible at all times. 38.2-1 Valves and accessories — TB/ALL. (a) All connections to tanks shall have approved shut-off valves located as close to the tank as practicable, except safety relief connections and gauging devices. (b) Excess flow valves where required by these regulations shall be designed to close automatically and shut off the gas or liquid flow in case: (f ) The flow through the valve exceeds a predetermined rate, which flow must be less than the pipe line capacity to and from such excess flow valve. (2) The pressure on the inlet side of excess flow valve exceeds by a certain designed number of pounds per sq. in. the pressure in pounds on the outlet of such valve. (c) Excess flow valves may be designed with a by-pass, not to exceed a No. 60 drill size opening to allow equalization of pressure. (d) Excess flow and back-pressure check valves where required by these regulations, shall be located on the inside of the tank or at a point outside where the line enters the tank; in the latter case, installations shall be made in such manner that any undue strain beyond the excess flow or back-pressure check valve will not cause breakage between the tank and such valve. 38.2-2 Installations excess flow and back-pressure check valves — TB/ALL. (a) Discharge outlets shall be provided with an approved automatic excess flow valve. (b) Filling connections shall be provided with an approved back-pressure check valve. (c) All other connections to tanks except safety relief valve and gauging devices de- scribed in § 38.5-1 (c), shall be equipped with approved automatic excess flow valves. 38.3 1 Piping and fittings — TB/ALL. (a) All pipe connections shall be confined to the smallest area practicable and shall be located at highest practicable points on the tank. (b) Each tank shall have all valves, fittings, accessories, safety devices, gauging devices and the like suitably protected against mechanical damage. (c) Valves, regulating, gauging, and other tank accessory equipment on unmanned barges shall be protected against tampering. (d) All tank inlets and outlets, except relief valves and gauging devices, shall be marked to designate whether they communicate with vapor or liquid space. 38.4-1 Safety devices — TB/ALL. (a) Every tank shall be provided with one or more approved relief valves of spring-loaded type. These valves shall be arranged to discharge into a vent-header system. (b) Relief valves shall be set to open at a pressure not in excess of the maximum safe working pressure, and their discharge areas shall be not less than those shown in the following Table 1: (D-138) TANK VESSELS Table 1. — Required sizes of relief valves for cargo tanks [Note: D=Outside diameter of tank in feet and fractions thereof, U=overall length of tank in feet and fractions thereof] Where (£> X U): Does not exceed 60 Is greater than 60 but not more than 80 Is greater than 80 but not more than 100 Is greater than 100 but not more than 120 Is greater than 120 but not more than 140 Is greater than 140 but not more than 160 Is greater than 160 but not more than 180 Is greater than 180 but not more than 200 Is greater than 200 but not more than 220 Is greater than 220 but not more than 240 Is greater than 240 but not more than 260 Is greater than 260 but not more than 280 Is greater than 280 but not more than 300 Is greater than 300 but not more than 320 Is greater than 320 but not more than 340 Is greater than 340 but not more than 360 Is greater than 360 but not more than 380 Is greater than 380 but not more than 400 Is greater than 400 but not more than 420 Is greater than 420 but not more than 440 Is greater than 440 but not more than 460 Is greater than 460 but not more than 480 Is greater than 480 but not more than 500 Is greater than 500 but not more than 520 Is greater than 520 but not more than 540- Is greater than 540 but not more than 560 Is greater than 560 but not more than 580 Is greater than 580 but not more than 600 Is greater than 600 but not more than 620 Is greater than 620 Minimum required relief valve actual free discharge area (square inches) 801b. min. 9. 9 9 9 10. 10 10 10 11 11 To be sives 50 15 80 45 Ki 80 05 30 55 80 7.05 7.30 7.55 7.80 8.05 8.30 8.55 8.80 05 30 55 so 05 30 i.55 1.80 .05 . 30 100 lb. min. 1.57 2.06 2.60 3.14 3.68 4.21 4.79 5.00 5.21 5.41 5.62 5.82 6.03 6.24 6.44 6.65 6.86 7.06 7.27 7.48 7.68 7.89 8.10 8.30 8.51 8.72 8.94 9.14 9.35 125 lb. min. 1.25 1.68 2.13 2.48 2.90 3.33 3.55 3.77 3.93 4.09 4.25 4.41 4.57 4.73 4.89 5.05 5.21 5.31 5.53 5.69 5.85 6.01 6.17 6.33 6.49 6.65 6.83 6.98 7.15 1.06 1.43 1.81 2.10 2.46 2.83 3.09 3.20 3.33 3.47 3.61 3.74 3.88 4.02 4.15 4.28 4.42 4.55 4.70 4.83 4.97 5.10 5.23 5.37 5.50 5.65 5.79 5.92 6.05 calculated using Fetterly's formula i as promulgated by , New York City, using 1,000° F. (ti) instead of 1,200° F 2001b. min. 19 Bureau 0.83 1.10 1.40 1.65 1.90 2.15 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 of Explo- it [(BX3.1416XC7)+2E]XCX«i-«3) V(f) .LXPX50 Where A = area of safety valve: sq. in. .8= the diameter of the inside wall of insulation in feet = the outside diameter of metal container. £7= the length of the container in feet. £=the area of end of container in square feet; under certain conditions the area of one or both ends may be omitted, depending on the probability of exposure to the temperatures for which the relief dimensions of the valve are calculated. C=the heat transfer in B. T. TJ. per square foot per hour per degree Fahr. temperature difference between the temperature at the outside of the insulation and the temperature of the contents of the container when at the pressure at which the safety valve is set to open. ii=the temperature in degrees Fahr. at outside surface of insulation =1,000 degrees. h=the temperature in degrees Fahr. of contents of container when at the pressure at which the safety valve is set to open. ■p7 3 =the density of steam in pounds per cubic foot at pressure P. Wi=the density of gas vapor in pounds per cubic foot at pressure P. iV=the lift of the valve in inches=0.05. P=the absolute pressure in pounds per square inch. P— 14.7 = the gauge pressure at which the safety valve is set to open. i=the latent heat of vaporization of the liquid portion of the gas in B. T. U. per pound in weight at the pressure P. (c) Relief valves shall have direct communication with the vapor space of the loaded tank. No shut-off valve shall be installed between the tank and relief valve, except that manifolds for mounting multiple relief valves may be fitted with approved interlocking shut- off cocks or valves so arranged as to afford, at all times, the full required capacity flow thru the relief valves not shut off. (d) Each tank relief valve shall be plainly and permanently marked with name or trade mark of manufacturer, the pressure in pounds per sq. in. gauge at which the valve is set to start to discharge, and the actual free discharge area in sq. in. of the valve at its full open position. (D-139) TANK VESSELS 38.5-1 Liquid level gauging devices — TB/ALL. (a) Approved gauging devices shall be employed on all tanks to indicate the maximum level to which the tanks may be filled with liquid at temperatures between 20° F. and 130° F. (b) Visible type gauge glass shall not be permitted. (c) Gauging devices of the rotary tube, fixed tube, slip tube, or magnetic type, may be used without installation of an excess flow valve provided the bleed valve opening is not larger than a No. 54 drill size. (d) The term "fixed tube gauging device" is applied to a permanently attached tube extending into a tank a predetermined distance for the purpose of indicating the maximum level to which the tank may be filled. The tube shall be installed in the center of the tank top and its length shall be measured by the ullage required for the maximum permitted filling density based on the volume of product at 40° F. for untagged tanks and at 50° F. on lagged tanks. (e) Each cargo tank shall be provided with a reliable pressure gauge and thermometer well. The gauge shall be located at the highest practicable point. (f) Gauging devices and drawings covering their installation and arrangement shall be submitted to the Director for approval. 38.6-1 Hose specification — TB/ALL. Cargo hose, when carried on tank vessels, shall be of a grade suitable for liquefied petroleum gas service and designed for a bursting pressure of not less than five times the maximum safe working pressure of the cargo tank to which it is to be connected. Before being placed in service each new cargo hose, with all necessary fittings attached, shall be tested hydrostatically to a pressure of not less than double the safe working pressure. 38.7-1 Filling densities— TB/ALL. (a) The "filling density" is defined as the percent ratio of the weight of the gas in a tank to the weight of water the tank will hold at 60° F. The filling densities shall not exceed the ratios indicated in the following table: Specific gravity at 60° F. Maximum permitted filling density Specific gravity at 60° F. Maximum permitted filling density Unlagged tanks Lagged tanks Unlagged tanks Lagged tanks 0.369-0.398 Percent 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Percent 35 38. 5 40 41. 5 42 42. 5 43 43. 5 44 45. 5 46 47 48 0.528-0.536 0.537-0.544 Percent 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Percent 49 0.399-0.425 . _ _ 50 0.426- 0.440. _ ._ _ 0.545-0.552 51 0.441-0.452 0.553-0.560 52 0.453-0.462 0.561-0.568... 53 0.463-0.472 0.569-0.576 53. 5 0.473-0.480 0.577-0.584 54 0.481-0.488 _ __ 0.585-0.592 55 0.489-0.495 _ 0.593-0.600 56 0.496-0.503 0.601-0.608 57 0.504-0.510 0.609-0.617 58 0.511-0.519 . - _ 0.618-0.626 -. ... 59 0.520-0.527- ___ - - 0.627-0.634 60 (D-140) TANK VESSELS (b) The liquid portion of the gas in an unlagged tank shall not completely fill the tank at 130° F. and in the case of lagged tank 105° F. 38.8-1 Installation — TB/ALL. (a) Cargo tanks shall be independent of the hull and installed with a clearance of not less than 24 inches from the vessel's sides and not less than 15 inches from the vessel's bottom. Where more than one tank is installed in a vessel, the distance between such tanks shall be not less than 15 inches. (b) In addition to being located in hold spaces or in other cargo tanks, independent tanks built in accordance with the provisions of these regulations may also be installed "on deck" or "under deck" with a part of the tank protruding above deck. On installations where a portion of the tank extends above the deck level, provisions shall be made to maintain the weather tightness of the deck. (c) Independent tanks that are lagged shall have such lagging protected against me- chanical damage and the weather by sheet metal coverings. (d) The vessel's sides shall be provided with suitable guards as an added precaution against the cargo tanks becoming damaged as a result of collision. (e) Each cargo tank shall be grounded by metallically connecting it to the vessel's hull structure. Where the vessel's cargo tanks are insulated from the hull structure they shall be electrically bonded together with stranded copper cable of not less than No. 4 B & S gauge and one end of this cable shall be grounded to the hull structure. 38.9-1 Venting — TB/ALL. Each relief valve installed on a cargo tank, certificated for the stowage of liquefied imflammable gas, shall be connected to a branch vent of a venting system which shall discharge at a reasonable height, or heights, above the weather deck or the top of any tank or house located above the weather deck. The capacity of branch vents or vent headers shall depend upon number of cargo tanks connected to such branch or header and upon their total required relief valve discharge areas as provided for in the following table: Number of cargo tanks Percent of total requir- ed discharge area 1 or 2 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 3 4 5___ 6 or more The vent outlet shall be constructed so that the discharge of gas will be directed ver- tically upward. Mushroom or gooseneck outlets are prohibited. The vent outlet shall be protected against entrance of rain or snow by some means such as a loosely fitting rain cap. No valve of any type shall be fitted in the vent pipe between the relief valve and the vent 327208°— 42- (D-141) TANK VESSELS outlets. Vents and headers shall be so installed as to prevent stresses on relief valve mount- ings. 38.10-1 Periodic test — TB/ALL. Each tank shall be subjected at least once every four (4) years to a hydrostatic test equal to one and one-half times the safe working pres- sure allowed. The date of the most recent test shall be noted on the certificate of inspection. 38.11-1 Certificate of inspection — TB/ALL. Certificate of inspection shall be en- dorsed for the carriage of liquefied inflammable gases as follows: Inspected and approved for the carriage of liquefied inflammable gases having vapor pressures not exceeding lbs. per sq. in. gauge at 115° F. 38.12-1 Electrical bonding — TB/ALL. The tank vessel shall be electrically con- nected to the shore piping prior to connecting the cargo hose. This electrical connection shall be maintained until after the cargo hose has been disconnected and any spillage has been removed. (D-142) INDEX Page Able seamen 80 Accidents: Boards of local inspectors with regard to aids to navigation 66, 67 Collision with a lightship 66 Collision with an aid to navigation 66 Report of, by engineers regarding unsafe boilers and machinery 67 Report of, by licensed officers 66 Reports by local boards 12 Aids to navigation 66 Boards of local inspectors to report acci- dents to 66 Collision with 66 Air tanks: In lifeboats to be examined for condition. _ 42 In metallic lifeboats 119 Testing 120 In wooden lifeboats 123 Testing 123 Alarm bells in sleeping compartments 29 Alterations (see Repairs). American Bureau of Shipping 7 Anchor and anchor chain on seagoing barges_ 30 Annual inspection: Application for 6, 9 By local inspectors 8 Deficiencies 9 Reports of inspectors 11 Appeals, owner's right of 6, 11 From revocation of license 80 Application: For certificate of inspection 6, 9 Existing tank vessels 6 New tank vessels 6 Of welding 115 Approval — Approved: Drawings and specifications for fire extin- guishing systems which may be sub- stituted for steam 52 Chemical, inert gas or foam in portable fire-extinguishing equipment for cargo spaces 52 Approval — Approved — Continued. Page Every new type of life preserver 128 Fire equipment — new and existing vessels.- 50 For repairs and alterations of lifesaving appliances 32 Hand fire extinguisher 57 Kapok life preservers 129 Mounted line carrying gun and test of 134 Of flue gas fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces 54 Of life preservers 127 Self-igniting water lights 132 Signal pistol and cartridges 135 Standard life ring buoys 130 To start transfer of cargo __ 69 Type of lifeboat or life raft 112 Type of raft 124 Type and size of buoyant apparatus 32, 33 Water lights 33,40,41 Apron in lifeboats 120 Authority: For rules and regulations 6 Inspection of tank vessels 7 Auxiliary: Line for line carrying gun equipment 46, 47 Machinery 22 Steam, electric current, etc 70 Axes, fire 56 Back-pressure check valves 138 Bailer, In lifeboats 33, 36 Barges (see Tank barges). Basis and application of rules 1 Batteries: Flashlight 34, 37 Storage — location of 24 Beckets, on life ring buoys 131 Bells: Alarm, in sleeping compartments 29 Construction of fog bells 27 Fog 27 Location 27 Size 27 Tone and volume of sound 27 Signal between pilot house and engine room. 27 (D-143) INDEX Page Bilge, inspection of 50 Bilge pumps for tank barges (all) 22 Bilge pump for tank barges — Rivers, bays, sounds, and lakes other than Great Lakes- _ 22 Boat hooks, in lifeboats 33, 36, 38, 39 Boat hooks, on life rafts 39, 40, 41 Boilers and machinery 20 Auxiliary machinery 22 Boiler rules 12 Boilers on tank vessels not previously in- spected 20 Design and construction of boilers, mount- ings, steam pipes, etc., shall conform to regulations 20 Examination of 20 Gasoline fuel piping 22 Effectively secured 22 Filling pipes 22 No outlets from 22 Shut-off valves close to carburetors 22 To be protected from mechanical injury. 22 Vent pipes fitted with flame screens or approved flame Arresters 22 Gasoline fuel tanks 21 1 Plane and specifications 21 2. Seams 21 3. Swash plates and braces 21 4. To be secure against movement 21 5. To be securely fastened 21 6. To be tested under pressure 21 7. When of ferrous metal 21 Installation of fuel oil systems 20 Application for permission to install 21 Blueprints necessary 21 Blueprints and applications where for- warded 21 Gasoline fuel tanks 21 Internal-combustion engine exhaust — New installation 22 Exhaust lines 22 Spark arresters 22 Internal-combustion engines — Existing in- stallations 22 Installation new vessels 21 Penalty for overloading safety valves 20 Reports of accidents, repairs and unsafe boilers and machinery by engineers 67 Request for increase of steam pressure 20 Tests and inspection of boilers and equip- ment 20 Page Boxes, sand 58 Breech-loading gun 133 Breast hooks 122 Breast plates 117 Buckets; in lifeboats ____ 33, 36, 38, 39 Buoyant apparatus: Capacity of buoyand apparatus 127 Care and inspection 42 Drawings, specifications, name plates 111 Equipment 41 Equipment as to self-igniting water lights. _ 41 Shall be fully equipped before vessel leaves port 42 Inspection 112 On tank vessels inland other than Great Lakes 33 Requirements 41 Stowage 41 Buoys (see Life buoys). Cargo handling 68 Approval to start transfer of 69 Auxiliary steam, electric current, etc 70 Closing of scuppers and sea valves 69 Condition under which transfer operations shall not be commenced, etc 69 Connecting of cargo hose 69 Duties of senior deck officer during transfer. 69 Electric bonding 68, 142 Emergencies 70 Inspection prior to transfer of cargo 69 Maintenance of equipment 70 Men on duty 68 On unmanned barges 68, 70 Termination of transfer operations 70 Transfer of other cargo or stores 70 Cargo piping, new vessels 26 Connections at oil- tight bulkheads 26 Leads of valve rods 27 Not to pass through spaces containing inflammable vapor 26 Through bunker spaces 26 Valve operating rods 27 Cargo pumps and piping — Existing vessels.. 27 May pass through cargo pump engine compartments 27 Those which do not fully comply with regulations 27 Cargo pumps — Existing vessels with inde- pendent cargo tanks 26 Location of 26 (D-144) INDEX Cargo pumps — existing vessels — Con. Page Pump drive shaft through deck or bulk- head 26 Suction branch 27 Cargo pumps — New vessels 26 Fittings and controls 26 Portable or fixed, air-driven or hand-oper- ated pumps 26 Pressure gauge 26 Relief valves 26 Cargo tanks: Construction and testing 18 Electric bonding and grounding of 20, 141 Existing steel hull tank vessels 19 Existing wood hull tank vessels 19 Hold spaces and bulkheads 20 Vessels with independent tanks 18 Carriage of persons other than crew 11, 63 Certificated men: Able seamen 80 Lif eboatmen 80 Tankermen 80 Certificates of inspection 6 Application 6, 9 Endorsement of, for Grade A, B, C, D, and E liquids 5 Endorsement of, for liquefied, inflammable gases 142 Period covered 7 Signing 7 Coff erdams__"' 17 Communication systems 27 Battery-operated telephones 28 Between pilot house and engine room 27 Call signals 28 Flexible terminal tubes 28 System to be tested at annual inspection. _ 29 Talking circuit 29 Telegraph, pilot house to engine room 29 Telephone cables 29 Telephones installed in exposed places 28 Telephone transmitters and receivers 28 To the emergency steering station 27 To the steering engine room 27 Voice tube length, construction of 28 Voice tubes to be protected 28 Compass, in lifeboats 33, 36 Container, for distress lights, construction of 33, 37, 45 Contents in Conversion of tank vessels 8 Cork substitute (see Life preservers) 128 Page Covering (see Life preservers) 127 Crew accommodations: Hospital accommodations 15 Number of bunks therein 15 Toilets 16 Living quarters 15, 16 Location construction and equipment 15 Adequately lighted and heated 15 Artificial lighting 16 Clothes locker 16 Exposed metal to be covered 16 Floor of toilets 16 Ingress of fresh air 16 Insect screens 16 Mechanical ventilation 16 Messrooms 16 Must be kept dry 16 Near galley boiler or engine room bulk- head 15 On vessels and barges 17 Protected against objectionable odors 15 Portable wiring prohibited therein 16 To be inspected 64 Toilets in hospitals 16 Toilet plumbing 16 Toilet screens 16 Ventilation, area of outlets 16 With relation to collision bulkhead 15 With relation to stations 15 Crews: Able seamen 80 Certificated tankermen 10, 11, 61, 80 Illness, alcohol, drugs, etc 62 Lifeboatman 43, 80 Manning of tank vessels 10 Operation of tank vessels 61 Physical condition of 62 Responsibility for sanitary condition of quarters 64 Davits, launching devices and boat falls 41 Boat davit falls 41 Lifeboat davits 112 Davit arm and frame to be stamped with initials of inspector 114 Drop, hammer, suspension and turning out test 114 Tensile strength of steel castings 113 Tested for strength and efficiency 114 And falls to be cast loose and overhauled-.. 42 Deadwood in lifeboats 120 Deck life line 30 Definition of terms (see Terms). (D-145) INDEX Disengaging apparatus or releasing gear on lifeboats 42, 43 Condition of, to be determined 42 Name of, shall be shown on annual inspec- tion report 43 Distress lights and signals 45 Burning capacity 45 Container for, and construction 45 In lifeboats 33, 37 On life rafts -- 39, 40 Where carried 45 Ditty bag, in lifeboats 34 Division of rules and designations of their application 1 Draft marks 14 Placing or determination of 14 Where marked 14 Draft to be entered in log book 65 Drills: Emergency signals 63 Fire, boat, and line-throwing-gun drills on all tank vessels 62, 63 Log book entries 64 Penalty for not holding drills 64 Required weekly 63 To be conducted as though an emergency existed 63 Drinking cups, in lifeboats 34 Drinking cups, on life rafts 39 Dry docking and hauling out 9 Effective date of regulations 6 Electric: Bonding and grounding of tanks 20, 141 Bonding vessel to dock during transfer of liquefied, inflammable gases 142 Installation, general, new vessels 23 Existing tank vessels 24 Electrical installation 24 Cargo pump rooms, existing tank vessels _ _ 24 Cargo pump rooms, new vessels 23 Air ducts 23, 24 Electric motors 23 Joints in wiring 23 Lighting fixtures 23 Wiring 23 General, existing tank vessels 24 General, new vessels 23 Circuit interrupting devices 23 Electric cable location 23 Equivalent to Bureau general require- ments 23 Ground connections 23 Main distribution circuits 23 Portable extension cables 23,24 Page Electrical Installation — Continued. Storage batteries, location of, new vessels-. 24 Switchboards, distributing panels 23 Switches, fuses 23 Emergencies 70 Emergency signals, fire and boat drills 63 Endorsement of certificates of inspection: For Grades A, B, C, D, and E liquids 5 For liquefied inflammable gases 142 Endorsement of master's or mate's license as pilot 75 Engine department 67 Examination of boilers and machinery 67 Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machinery by engineers 67 Engineers on vessels: Bays, sounds, and lakes other than Great Lakes 73, 103-106 Coastwise 73, 98 Great Lakes 73, 99-102 Oceans 73, 86-92 Rivers 73, 108-110 Equipment: Fire axes required 56 Fire-extinguishing other than fixed for boiler room and machinery spaces 55 Fire-extinguishing, general-cargo spaces 52 For buoyant apparatus on tank vessels 41 Hand fire extinguishers 57 Of lifeboats on tank barges, all waters 39 Of lifeboats on tank ships on bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes and rivers 38 Of lifeboats on tank ships, ocean and coast- wise 33 Of life rafts on tank vessels, bays and rivers- 41 Of life rafts on tank ships, Great Lakes 40 Of life rafts on tank ships, ocean and coast- wise 39 Vessels, name on 27 Escape, means of 14 Locality and arrangement of 14 Two avenues necessary 14 Examination: For license: Master, steam vessels, oceans 82 Chief mate, steam vessels, oceans 83 Second mate, steam vessels, oceans 84 Third mate, steam vessels, oceans S6 Master, steam vessels, coastwise 93 Chief mate, steam vessels, coastwise 94 Second mate, steam vessels, coastwise. _ 96 Third mate, steam vessels, coastwise 98 (D-146) INDEX Page Examination — Continued. For license — Continued. Extension of route and raise of grade of license 76 Extension of pilot's route 75 Endorsement of master's or mate's license as pilot 75 Of boilers and machinery 67 Of tail shaft 23 Excess flow valves 138 Exhaust, engine, internal combustion 22 Extension of pilot's route 75 Of route and raise of grade of license 76 Extra steering apparatus 22 Factory inspection of life buoys 131 Falls 41 Condition to be determined 42 On lifeboats to be overhauled 42 Filling densities 140 Fire axes, required number of 56 Location and use of 57 Fire-extinguishing equipment: Basic requirements in cargo spaces for foam system 53 Basic requirements in cargo spaces for inert gas and vapor 53 Basic requirements in cargo spaces for steam 53 Equipment other than fixed for boiler room and machinery space 55 Fixed systems for boiler room and mach- inery 54, 55 Carbon dioxide system requirements 54 Foam smothering system requirements. . 55 Flue gas system for cargo spaces 54 General requirements in cargo spaces 52 Hand-fire extinguishers 57 Extra safety-valve units 57 Location 57 Inspection 57 Marking 57 Number required on tank ships 58 Number required on tank vessels of over 15 gross tons using oil as fuel 58 Required on barges in quarters and engine spaces 59 Spare charges and parts 57 Test 57 Minimum capacity of fire-extinguishing systems for cargo spaces 52,53 On tank barges: Hand fire extinguishers for quarters and engine spaces 59 Page Fire-extinguishing equipment — Continued. On tank barges — Continued. Portable extinguishing equipment for cargo spaces 59 Provision against freezing 53 Sand boxes required 58 Shutting down of boilers and machinery _ _ 56 Smothering pipes 53 Spray nozzles 56 Steam smothering line test 53 Steam system for cargo spaces 53 Systems for lamp and paint rooms, etc 56 Systems which may be substituted for steam 52 Valves on carbon dioxide systems 55 Fire-fighting equipment (see also Equip- ment) . Fire pumps, hydrants and hose 50 Capacity of fire pumps 51 Fire hose 52 Fire hydrants 51 Fire pump mains, hydrants 51 Fire pump relief valves and piping 51 Fire pumps required 50 Location of fire pumps 51 Pipes, relief valves, fittings, etc 51 Size of discharge pipes 51 Suction pipes to pumps 51 Type of fire pumps 51 Inspection by both inspectors 49 Inspection of 49 Inspection of bilges 50 On new and existing vessels 50 Special types may be used 50 Testing of fire hose and pumps 49 First assistant engineer of: Steam vessels 87, 100, 104, 108 Motor vessels 90 Flashlights in lifeboats 34, 37 Floors 116 Fog bells 27 Force of law iv Framework, connecting the cylinders of metallic life rafts 124 Fresh-air breathing apparatus 68 Fuel oil 67 Chief engineer to make log entry 67 Flash point 67 Installation of system 20 Requirements for 67 Sample of 67 Fuel piping, gasoline 22 Fuel tanks, gasoline 21 (D-147) INDEX Galvanizing and plating (lifeboats) . Gangway, warning signs General provisions General safety rules Glue, used on life buoys Page 119 68 1 68 131 Grab line or life line, on lifeboats 34, 37, 38 Guards, at dangerous places 30 Over gear, machinery, etc 30 Over radio lead-ins 30 Gun (see Line-throwing gun) 45 Gunwale braces 117 Gunwales 1, 16, 122 Hand fire extinguishers 57 Inspection 57 Location 57 Marking 57 Required on tank barges 58, 59 Spare charges and parts 57 Test of 57 Hatchets, lifeboat 34, 37, 38 Hoisting shackles on lifeboats 118 Hold spaces and bulkheads (wood hull) 20 Hose — Cargo 30 Fire, connected to outlet 52 Fire, stowage 52 Fire, testing of 49 Fire, to be provided with suitable nozzle. . 52 Hospitals, toilets in 16 Hulls, general rule II 13 Hulls, machinery and equipment requirements for: Hull fittings, general . 13 Airports and deadlight 15 Bilge injection valves 14 Crew accommodation 15, 16, 17 Hospital accommodations 15 Location, construction, and equip- ment of 15, 16, 17 Sleeping quarters 15, 17 Toilet and washing facilities 15, 17 Drain from sanitary fixtures Means for preventing ingress of water. _ Scuppers, sanitary, and similar dis- charges Sea chests, sea valves, strainers Water seals, valves Hull requirements — In existing steel hull tank vessels — Cargo tanks ; Spacing around Cofferdams To conform to new construction requirements 19 19 18 18 Hulls, machinery and equipment requirements for — Continued. Hull requirements — Continued. In existing steel hull tank vessels — Con. Material Pump engine compartment Gas engines therein, fitted with effective flame arresters Pump rooms Scantlings Subdivision of cargo spaces Testing Workmanship In existing wood hull tank vessels Cargo tanks Independent from hull Spacing around tanks to allow in- spection of Electric bonding and grounding of tanks Bonding cable size Hold spaces and bulkheads To be considered as equivalent to a pump room To be safeguarded and ventilated when containing sources of vapor ignition and when not gastight Scantlings, material, workmanship Equivalent to requirements of a recognized classification society. . Safe for service to be specified Wood hull tank barges not provided with metal tanks Drydocking Service to be limited Tanks to be cleaned New tank vessels Cofferdams Galleys, living quarters, general- cargo spaces, boiler rooms, etc Construction and testing of cargo tanks and bulkheads Independent tanks Living quarters Pump rooms Engines driven by steam Exhaust and intakes from motors. . Gastight bulkheads Isolated from all inflammable vapors. Scantlings, material, workmanship Subdivision of cargo space Inspection of hulls Accessible parts D raft m arks Hammer tests Page 18 19 19 19 18 18 19 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 19 19 19,20 19 20 17 17 17, 18 18 18 18 17 18 18 17, 18 17 17 17 13 13 14 14 (D-148) INDEX Page 14 14 14 51 62 Hulls, machinery and equipment requirements for — Continued. Inspection of hulls — Continued. Means of escape Name of vessel -» — Wooden vessels Hydrants, fire Illness, alcohol, drugs, etc Illuminating oil, in lifeboats - 34, 37 Independent tanks 18, 19 Inspection: Annual 8 During construction and after completion. 7 Of existing tank vessels 6, 8 Of fire-fighting equipment 49 Of hull machinery and equipment 13, 20 Of life preservers Of lifesaving appliances Prior to transfer of cargo Inspection and certification of tank vessels, _ General Effective date of regulations Issuance of certificate of inspection Certificates similar to those issued other cargo vessels Certificates shall be verified by the oaths of the inspectors Owner's right of appeal Penalties for violation Source of regulations Certificates of inspection Application for certificate of inspection of all existing tank vessels Application for certificate of inspection of new vessels Both inspectors to sign certificates of in- spection Period covered by certificate of inspection. General inspection reports and procedure. . Accident reports of inspectors Adjoining districts to be notified of revo- cations, etc Annual reports of inspectors Inspection of tank vessels: American Bureau of Shipping Authority Annual inspection Drydocking or hauling out Inspection of existing tank vessels Certificate of class may be accepted as evidence 43 31 69 5 5 6 5 7 7 11 12 12 11 7 7 Inspection and certification — Continued. Inspection of tank vessels — Continued. Inspection of existing tank vessels — Con. p a ge Certificates of inspection of existing tank vessels 8 If not classed or maintained in class.- 8 Inspection of new tank vessel 7 Certificates of class may be accepted. . 8 Inspection 7 Special inspection 9 Crew accomodations 10 Stability 10 For trial trips 10 Repairs and alterations involving safety 9 To proceed to other ports for repairs. _ 10 Vessels converted to tank vessels 8 Load lines 12 Establishment of load lines 12 Manning of tank vessels: Licensed officers and crews 61 Right of appeal 11 Tank barges 11, 62 Towing vessels may carry persons in ad- dition to crew 11 Specifications: Boilers, pressure vessels, and piping systems 20 Parts 50-57 , Subchapter F 20 Waters operated over 11 Waters 11 Inspectors 7 Annual inspection 8 Annual reports of inspectors 11 Definition of 12 Inspection of hulls 13 May issue permits 6, 10 Not to accept statements 12 Notifications of revocations of license or certificate 12 Receives applications for certificates 6, 9 Signing of certificate of inspection 7 Supervising: Annual reports to 11 Receives appeals from owners 6 Internal-combustion engines 21, 22 Kapok life preservers 129 Keels in lifeboats 114, 120 Lantern in lifeboats 34, 37, 38, 39 Lanyard ... 132 Launching and devices (see also Davits). Arrangements for launching 41 Decks to be kept clear for launching life- boats and rafts 41 (D-149) INDEX Licensed officers: General qualifications 72 Endorsement of masters or mates licensed as pilots 75 Extension of pilots route 75 Extension of route and raise of grade of licenses 76 Laws, general rules, and regulations and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers 77 Licenses to officers of vessels owned by the United States 80 Lost license 79 Master, mate, and pilot of steam pilot vessels or vessels in Puerto Rican and Hawaiian waters 76 Medical examination for original license- 73 Medical examination for renewal of license and raise of grade 74 Misconduct of licensed officers 80 Parting with license 79 Preparation of licenses ._ 77 Professional examination and service 74 Qualification for license as engineer of motor vessels 89 Qualification for license as engineer of steam vessels 73 Reexamination and refusal of licenses 79 Renewal of license 78 Substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade 75 Suspension and revocation of license 80 Qualifications for officers: Bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes 102 Chief engineer of steam vessels 104 Engineers of motor vessels 106 Engineers of steam vessels 103 Experience required for license as pilot- - 103 First assistant engineer of steam vessels. 104 Master of steam vessels 102 Mate of steam vessels 102 Second assistant engineer of steam ves- sels 105 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels. 106 Qualifications for officers, coastwise 92 Chief mate of steam v essels 94 Engineers of steam and motor vessels 98 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels 94 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels 98 Licensed officers — Continued. Page Qualifications for officers, coastwise — Con. Examination for license as second mate of steam vessels 96 Examination for master of steam vessels. 93 Master of steam vessels 92 Second mate of steam vessels 95 Third mate of steam vessels 97 Qualifications for officers, Great Lakes 98 Chief engineer of steam vessels 100 Engineers of motor vessels 102 Engineers of steam vessels 99 Experience required for license as pilot.- 99 First assistant engineer of steam vessels. 100 Master of steam vessels 98 Mate of steam vessels 99 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels 101 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels. 101 Qualification for officers, ocean 81 Chief engineer of motor vessels 89 Chief engineer of steam vessels 86 Chief mate of steam vessels 82 Examination for license as chief mate of steam vessels 83 Examination for license as second mate of steam vessels 84 Examination for license as third mate of steam vessels 86 Examination for master of steam vessels. 82 Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, motor vessels 92 Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, steam vessels 89 First assistant engineer of motor vessels. 90 First assistant engineer of steam vessels. 87 Master of steam vessels 81 Second assistant engineer of motor vessels 90 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels 87 Second mate of steam vessels 84 Third assistant engineer of motor vessels 91 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels. 88 Third mate of steam vessels 85 Renewal of license 78 Qualifications for officers, rivers 106 Chief engineer of steam vessels 108 Engineers of motor vessels 110 Engineers of steam vessels 108 Experience required for license as pilot. _ 107 (D-150) INDEX Licensed officers — Continued. Qualification for officers, rivers — Con. Page First assistant engineer of steam vessels. 108 Master of river steamers 106 Mate of river steamers 107 Second assistant engineer of steam vessels 109 Third assistant engineer of steam vessels. 109 Lifeboatmen: Allocation of, responsibility of master 43 Certificated lifeboatmen in each boat 43 Lifeboats: Approval of 112 Carrying capacity of lifeboats 125 Capacity of open boats 125 Construction of metallic lifeboats 114 Air tanks 119 Application of welding 115 Floors, gunwales, nosing 116, 117 Galvanizing and plating 119 Gunwale bracers, breastplates 117 Hoisting shackles, plug 118, 119 Inspection and tests 112, 116 Keel, stem, sternpost 114 Riveting 115 Scantling dimensions 118 Shell plating 115 Thwarts 118 Supervision 116 Welding 115 Construction of wooden lifeboats 120 Air tanks 123 Breasthooks, fastenings 122 Dead wood, scarp hs, stem bands. 120, 121, 122 Gunwales, etc 122 Keels, stems, sternpost, aprons 120 Keelson, bilge, stringers, risings 120, 121 Materials 120 Planking 120 Rubbers, filling pieces, bilge keels 122 Thwart knees 121 Thwarts, stanchions, footings, plugs, etc. 121 Timbers 120 Drawings, specifications, name plates 111 Equipment for lifeboats (see equipment) _ . 33 Factory inspection 112, 116 Numbering and marking of 42 On tank barges 32 On tank ships, coastwise 32 On tank ships, ocean 32 On tank vessels; bays, sounds, lakes other than Great Lakes, and rivers 33 Lifeboats — Continued. Page On tank vessels, Great Lakes 32 On vessels less than 100 gross tons on short voyages, certain waters 33 Persons in charge of each lifeboat 43 Shall be fully equipped before vessel leaves port 42 To be kept clear for launching 41 To be overhauled, etc 42 Life buoys: Attachment of water lights 45 Beckets 131 Buoyancy of life buoys 130 Buoyant material 130 Covering 131 Factory inspection of 131 Glue 131 Grab line 131 Location 45 Number required on tank barges 45 Number required on tank ships 44 Sewing 131 Standard ring life buoys 130 Strength 131 Life floats, platform supporting life floats to be examined 42 Life line: On lifeboats 34, 37, 38, 39 On life rafts 39, 40, 41 On deck 30 Life preservers 127 Cork life preservers 127 Approval 128 Collar '__ 128 Cork 128 Cork substitute 128 Covering 127 Inspection 129 Marking 128 Straps 127 Thread 127 Examination of 43 In lifeboats 34, 38, 39 Kapok life preservers 129 Approval 129 Collar 129 Inspection 130 Marking 129 Test 129 Loose granulated material or dependent upon inflation or air compartments for buoyancy, not allowed 44 (D-151) INDEX Life preservers — Continued. Page Material and dimensions 43, 127-130 One required for each person carried 43 Stowage of 43 Test of 127, 129 Life rafts 123 Approval 112 Carrying capacity of 124, 126 Certificated boatmen required 43 Construction of rafts 123 Approval 124 Cylinders.. 123 Framework 124 Test 124 Drawings, specifications, name plates 111 Inspection 42, 112 To be overhauled 42 Marking of 42 On tank ships, Great Lakes 40 Persons in charge of 43 Shall be fully equipped before vessel leaves port 42 To be kept clear for launching 41 Lifesaving appliances, general 31 Inspection of 31 On new and existing tank vessels 31 Responsibility of the master 32 (See Lifeboats, life rafts, davits, disengag- ing apparatus, life preserver, etc.) Lights: Unauthorized 66 Distress 33, 37, 39,40,45 Line container for service lines 46 Construction of 46 To bear manufacturer's name 46 Line-throwing gun 45 Mounted type 46 Accessibility of line-carrying gun and equipment 47 Auxiliary line 46 Breech-loading gun 133 Factory tests 134 Marking of gun and filing report 134 Equipment for 46 Line container 46 Muzzle-loading gun 133 Placard instructions 48 Primers 46 Service lines 46 Requirements 46 Service projectiles 46 Line-throwing gun — Continued. Mounted type — Continued. Page Service recommendations 47 Bight in line 48 Care of line after use 48 Faking box or reel 46, 48 Fastening line 47 Placing the equipment 48 Powder charge _ 47 Procedure when gun ready for use 48 Wet to prevent burning of fine 48 Vessels required on 45 Shoulder type 47 Accessibility 47 Auxiliary line 47 Instructions for use 48 Placard instructions 48 Projectiles for 47 Recommendations 48 Care of line after use 48 Cartridge recommended 48 Manufacturer's instructions 48 Preventing fouling 48 Prevent "jumping overboard" 48 Seating projectile ._ 48 Wet to prevent burning 48 Test 47 Liquid level gauging devices 140 LiquePed inflammable gases, transportation of 137 Certificate of inspection 142 Electrical bonding 142 Filling densities 140 Hose specifications 140 Installation 141 Installations excess flow and back-pressure check valves 138 Liquid level gauging devices 140 Markings 137 Periodic test 142 Piping and fittings 138 Requirements for construction 137 Safety devices 13s Valves and accessories 138 Venting 141 Living quarters 15, 16, 17 Load lines 12 Locker, in lifeboats 35 Lookouts 65 Lost license 79 (D-152) INDEX Machinery: Page Auxiliary 22 Internal-combustion engines 21 Installation of fuel-oil systems 20 Spaces, fire-extinguishing equipment 54, 55, 56 Mains, fire 51 Maintenance of cargo-handling equipment 70 Manning of tank vessels 10 Certificated tankerman 10, 80 Licensed officers, crew 10 Right of appeal as to manning 11 Tank barges, need not be manned under certain conditions 11 Towing vessels may carry persons in addi- tion to crew 11 Marking: Draft 14 Name on vessel 14 Of lifeboats 27, 42 Of life preservers 27, 128, 129 Of life rafts 27,42 Of tanks for transportation of liquefied in- flammable gases 137 Master: Acting as pilot 75 Medical examination 73 Original license 72 Raise of grade to 76 Qualifications for vessels, coastwise 92 Qualifications for vessels, Great Lakes 98 Qualifications for vessels, lakes, bays and sounds 102 Qualifications for vessels, ocean 81 Qualifications for vessels, rivers 106 Masts and sails in lifeboats 35, 38 Matches: In lifeboats 35, 38, 39 On life rafts 40 Smoking 68 Mate acting as pilot 75 Chief mate: Steam vessels, ocean 82 Steam vessels, coastwise 94 Raise of grade 76 Second mate: Steam vessels, ocean 84 Steam vessels, coastwise 95 Third mate: Steam vessels, ocean 85 Steam vessels, coastwise 97 Means of escape 14 Page Mechanical means for lowering 114 Medical examination, for original license 73 For renewal of license and raise of grade. 74 Metallic lifeboats (see also Lifeboats). Misconduct of licensed officers 80 Muzzle-loading gun 45, 133 Name: How marked 14 Of disengaging apparatus to show on annual inspectors' report 43 Of vessel 14 On documented tank vessels 14 On equipment 27 On every tank ship 14 On undocumented tank barge 14 Size of letters 14 Navigation of tank vessels 65 New tank vessels: Application for certificate of inspection 6 Cargo piping 26 Cargo pump fittings and controls 26 Crew accommodations 15 Electric installation 23 Hull requirements 17 Inspection 7 Internal-combustion-engine exhaust 22 Lifesaving appliances 31 Ventilation and venting 24 Nonsparking tools 68 Nosings 117 Notice: To Mariners 65 Nozzles, spray 56 Number, numbers: Numbering of lifeboats 42 Numbering on life rafts 42 Of hand fire extinguishers required on tank vessels of over 15 gross tons and other tank ships 58 Of life buoys and water lights 44, 45 Of oars in lifeboats 35, 38, 39 Of oars on life rafts 40, 41 Of life preservers required on tank barges. 43 On vessel 43 Oars in lif eboars 35, 38, 39 Oars on life rafts 40, 41 Open boats 125 Operation of tank vessels 61 Approval to start transfer of cargo 69 Auxiliary steam, electric current, etc 70 (D-153) INDEX Operation of tank vessels — Continued. Page Cargo and tank hatches and ullage holes. _ 68 Cargo handling on unmanned tank barges, 68, 70 Carriage of persons other than crew 11, 63 Closing of scuppers and sea valves 69 Conditions under which transfer operations shall not be commenced or if started shall be discontinued 69 Connecting cargo hose 69 Draft 65 Duties of senior deck officer during transfer operations 69 Electric bonding 68, 142 Emergencies 70 Emergency signals — tire and boat drills 63 Examination of boilers and machinery 67 Flashing the rays of a searchlight 66 Fresh-air breathing apparatus 68 Illness, alcohol, drugs, etc 62 Inspection prior to transfer of cargo 69 Licensed officers and crews 61 Lookouts 65 Matches and smoking 68 Maintenance of cargo-handling equipment 70 Men on duty in cargo handling 68 Nonsparking tools 68 Notice to Mariners Physical condition of crew 65 Report of accidents to tank vessels 62 Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe 66 boilers and machinery 67 Requirements for fuel oil 67 Right rudder 65 Sanitary condition of crew quarters 64 Searchlights 66 Shipping papers 64 Station bills, muster lists, and line-throw- ing-gun drills 62 Steering-gear test 65 Steering orders 65 Termination of transfer operations 70 Unauthorized lights 66 Warning signals and signs 68 Watchman 62 Manned barge 62 Unmanned barge 62 Whistling 66 Original license 72 Overhaul of lifeboats and life rafts 42 Owners' right of appeal 6 Paint rooms, fire-extinguishing system for 56 Painter, in lifeboats 35, 38, 39 Painter, on life rafts 40, 41 Penalty: Page For overloading safety valves 20 For violations 6 Period covered by certificate of inspection 7 Periodic test 142 Permits to engage on short voyages over cer- tain waters 33 Person and persons: Carriage of other than crew 11, 63 In charge of lifeboats 43 In charge of life rafts 43 List of, in lifeboats 43 Physical condition of crew 62 Pilot: Endorsement of license as 75 Extension of pilot's route 75 Licenses to officers of U. S. Government- owned vessels 80 Lost license 79 Medical examination 73, 74 Original licenses 72 Professional examination and service 74 Renewal of license 78 Suspension and revocation of license 80 Pipes and piping 26 Lines, various, and to cargo pumps 26, 27 System specifications 12 To fire pumps 51 Pistol, signal 36, 38, 134 Planking (wooden lifeboats) 120 Plugs: In lifeboats 35, 38, 39 In water lights 132 Portable: Fire-extinguishing equipment in cargo spaces 52, 59 Hand fire extinguisher 57 Hand fire extinguishers on vessels over 15 gross tons using oil as fuel 58 Wiring 16, 23, 24 Preface iv Preparation for voyage 42 Pressure vessel specifications 18, 137 Vacuum relief valves 25 Primers, for line-throwing gun 46 Propellers, hand-operated, in lifeboats 35 Provisions, in lifeboats 35 Provisions on life rafts 40 Pumps, in lifeboats 35 Pumps, fire 50 Capacity of 51 Location of 51 Pipes, valves, and fittings 51 Relief valve and piping 51 (D-154) INDEX Pumps, fire — Continued. Page Required 50, 51 Suction pipes for 51 Testing of 49 Types of 51 Qualifications for officers 71 On ocean vessels 81 On coastwise vessels 92 On Great Lakes vessels 98 On bays, sounds, and lakes other than Great Lakes vessels 102 On river vessels 106 Quarters, crew: Lighting and heating of 15 Repairs to electric wiring 16, 24 Sanitary condition of 64 Ventilation 16 Rafts: Construction of 123 Carrying capacity of 124, 126 Reexamination and refusal of licenses 79 Relief valves and piping: Fire pump 51 For liquefied inflammable gases 138 Pressure vacuum 25 Renewal of license 78 Repairs and alterations: Approval for 9, 32, 50 Emergency 32, 50, 70 Reconditioning of lifeboats or rafts 32 Report of with regard to boilers and ma- chinery 67 To lifeboat, releasing gear, and other life- saving equipment 32 Reports: Of accidents 66 Of repairs, accidents, unsafe boilers, and machinery by engineers 67 Requests for increase of steam pressure 20 Requirements: For construction of tanks for liquefied gases 137 For fuel oil 67 For hulls, machinery, and equipment 13 See Licensed officers. See Lifeboats. See Life buoys. See Life floats. See Life preservers. See Line-throwing gun. See Line container for service lines. Responsibility of master with regard to life- saving appliances 32 Revocation of license (or suspension) 80 Rowlocks in lifeboats 36, 38, 39 Page Rowlocks on life rafts 40, 41 Rudder in lifeboats 36, 38, 39 Safety devices for liquefied inflammable gases. 138 Safety rules: Approval to start transfer of cargo 69 Auxiliary steam, electric current 70 Cargo handling on unmanned tank barges__ 68, 70 Closing of scuppers and sea valves 69 Concerning cargo and tank hatches 68 Concerning fresh-air-breathing apparatus. _ 68 Concerning nonsparking tools 68 Concerning smoking 68 Concerning ullage holes 68 Conditions under which transfer operations shall not be commenced, or if started shall be discontinued 69 Connecting cargo hose 69 During severe electrical storms 69 Duties of senior deck officer during transfer operations 69 Emergencies 70 Electric bonding 68, 142 General 68 Inspection prior to- transfer of cargo 69 If towboat comes directly alongside 70 Maintenance of cargo-handling equipment. 70 Termination of transfer operations 70 Transfer of other cargo or stores 70 Warning signs at gangway 68 Warning signs in radio room 68 When dischargin g from barges 68, 70 Safety valves, penalty for overloading 20 Sand boxes required 58 Sanitary condition of crew quarters 64 Sea anchor, in lifeboats 36, 38 Sea anchor, on life rafts 40 Seagoing barges, anchors and anchor chain required 30 Searchlights 66 Second mate (see Licensed officers). Self-igniting water lights: Attachment to ring buoys 44, 45, 132 Cylinders and construction of 132 Approval 132 Chemical 132 Lanyard 132 Life raft water lights 132 Marking 132 Plug 132 On liferafts 40, 41 Service lines, for line-carrying gun 46, 47 Container for 46 Service projectiles for line-carrying gun 46, 47 (D-155) INDEX Sewing, on life-buoy covers 131 Scarphs in lifeboats _ 117,120,121,122 Shipping 64 Bill of lading 64 Manifest 64 Papers - 64 Shipping document 64 Signal: Emergency at fire and boat drill 63 Pistol (see Signal pistol) 36, 38, 134 Signal pistol: Construction of and specifications for 134, 135 Cartridges 135, 136 Watertight case 136 In lifeboats 36, 38 Signaling lamp 45 Signing of certificates of inspection 7 Sounding machines 29 Not required on certain vessels on Great Lakes 29 Source of regulations 6 Special: Inspections 9 Types of fire apparatus . . 50 Specifications for: Boilers 12 Carrying capacity of lifeboats and life rafts 125 Construction of metallic lifeboats 114 Construction of rafts 123 Construction of wooden lifeboats 120 Cork life preservers 127 Kapok life preservers 129 Life buoys 130 Lifesaving appliances 111 Lifeboat, life raft, buoyant apparatus, and davits 111 Line-throwing gun and signal pistol 133, 134 Piping systems 12 Pressure vessels 12 Self-igniting water lights 132 Spray nozzles (see Nozzles) _ . 56 Station bills 62 Line-throwing-gun drills 62 Muster lists 62 Steam fire-extinghishing system for cargo spaces ._ 53 Request for increase of pressure 20 Steering: Apparatus (extra) 22 Gear test of 65 Orders 65 Page Steering gear, test of 65 Stem bands, in lifeboats 120 Stem, lifeboat 114, 120 Sternposts, in lifeboats 114, 120 Storage batteries, new vessels 24 Storm oil, in lifeboats 36, 38 Storm oil on life rafts 40 Stowage: Boats and rafts 41 Buoyant apparatus 41 Subdivision of cargo space 17 Substituting service for raise of grade 75 Suspension or revocation of licenses 80 Symbols, signifying vessels and service 1 Systems which may be substituted for steam. 52 Tail shaft, examination of 23 Tank barges: Auxiliary steam, electric current 70 Bilge pump 22 Carriage of persons other than crew 11, 63 Coastwise barge: Anchors and chain on 30 Cargo handling on 68 Distress lights required on 45 Hand fire extinguishers for quarters and engine spaces 59 Hand fire extinguishers required on 58, 59 Life buoys required on 45 Portable extinguishers for cargo spaces..- 59 Requirements for lifeboat, life raft, and buoyant apparatus 32 Sand boxes required on 58 See also Navigation and operation. Emergencies 70 Fire-extinguishing equipment required on_ 59 General safety rules 68 Hand fire extinguishers required on 59 Illness, alcohol, drugs 62 In collision with a lightship 66 Investigation of accidents 66 Maintenance of cargo-handling equipment. 70 Manning 11 Navigation 65 Number of life buoys required on 45 Ocean barge: Anchors and chain on 30 Cargo handling on 6S Distress lights required on 45 Hand fire extinguishers for quarters and engine spaces 59 Hand fire extinguishers required on 58, 59 Life buoys required on 45 (D-156) INDEX Tank barges — Continued. Page Ocean barge — Continued. Portable extinguishing equipment in cargo spaces 59 Requirements for lifeboat, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus 32 Sand boxes required on 58 See also Navigation and operations. Permitted to transport deck cargoes 70 Physical condition of crew 62 Reports of accidents, repairs, etc 66, 67 Seagoing barge, anchor and chain on 30 Searchlights 66 Steering orders 65 Termination of transfer operations 70 Transfer of other cargo or stores 70 Unauthorized lights 66 Whistling 66 Tankerman, certificated 80 Tank hatches and ullage holes 68 Tank ships and vessels: Distress lights on 45 Emergency signals, fire and boat drills 63 Hand fire extinguisher required on 58 Illness, alcohol, drugs, etc 62 License, master or pilot 61 Licensed officers and crews 61 Lookouts 65 Master required on certain vessels under- way 61 Number of life buoys required on 44 Operation of 61 Physical condition of crew 62 Pilot required on certain vessels underway. 61 Reports of accidents 66 Sand boxes required 58 Searchlights 66 Station bills, muster lists, and line-throw- ing-gun drills 62 Unauthorized lights 66 Unmanned and manned barge watchman requirements 62 Watchman 62 Whistling 66 Telephones: Examination and testing of 29, 65 For communication between pilot house and other stations 27 Hanger for 28 Installed at external locations 28 Specifications for 28, 29 To be connected independently 29 Transmitters and receivers for 28 Watertight box for 28 Termination of transfer operations. Terms, definition of: Approved Board Bureau Cargo Certificated Classification requirements Coastwise Cofferdam Combustible liquid Director Existing tank vessels Flame arrester Flame screen Flashpoint Gas free General rules and regulations Great Lakes Inflammable liquid, grades of Lakes, bays, and sounds Inspector Liquefied inflammable gases New tank vessels Ocean Permit Pilot rules Pressure-vacuum relief valves Recognized classification society. Reid vapor pressure Rivers Secretary Spark arrester Supervising inspector Tank barge Tank ship Tank vessel Vessels, symbols signifying: TB/ALL T/OC B/R T/RB B/L Test: Air tanks in lifeboats Boilers and equipment Cargo tank and bulkheads Cork life preservers Fire equipment may be tested- . Hand fire extinguishers Kapok life preservers Life buoys Life rafts Page 70 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 20. 123 20 18, 19 43, 127 49 57 44, 129 131 124 327208° -11 (D-157) INDEX Test — Continued. Page Line-throwing gun 134 Self-igniting water lights 132 Steering gear 65 Third assistant engineer (see Licensed officers) . Mate (see Licensed officers). Thread 127 Thwarts 118, 121 Timbers in wood lifeboats 120 Time, computation of 100 Towing vessels, persons in addition to crew_ _ 11 Transfer of other cargo or stores 70 Transfer operations 69, 70 Type of fire pumps 51 Unauthorized lights 66 Unmanned tank barges, cargo-handling 68, 70 Watchman on 62 See also Tank barges. Unsafe boilers, reports of 67 Valves and accessories for liquefied inflam- mable gases 138 Voice tubes, for communication between pilot house and other stations 27 Maximum length of 28 Specification for, etc 28, 29 Ventilation 24 Existing vessels 24 Equal to requirements of new vessels 24 Hold space 25 New vessels, in semienclosed parts 24 Venting: Cargo tanks — New vessels, branch vent lines, vent header, and pressure relief valves 25 In barges with independent tanks 25 Minimum size of vent pipes, new vessels. _ 25 Safety valves or relief spring loaded safety relief valves on tanks (see also Pressure relief valves) 138 Venting of cargo tanks, existing vessels 25 Venting of cargo tanks fitted with inert gas systems 25 Venting of bunker tanks, new vessels 25 Venting — Continued. Page Venting of cofferdams, new vessels 25 Vessels and service, symbols signifying 1 TB/ALL 1 T/OC 1 B/R 1 T/RB i B/L 1 Warning signals, signs, and flag 68 At gangway .._. 68 Day flag 68 In radio room 68 Night electric light. 68 Watchmen (on manned or unmanned barge). 62 Water breaker and water 36, 40 Waters: Operated over 11 Certificate of inspection to show waters 11 Water lights, self -igniting: Approval 132 Attachment to ring buoys 45, 132 Chemical 132 Cylinder 132 Lanyard 132 Marking 132 On life rafts 132 On tank vessels of Great Lakes 33, 45 Plug 132 Welding (in lifeboat or raft construction) 115 Application of 115 Design of joints 115 Inspection and tests, on lifeboats, life rafts, tanks, etc 116 Materials 115 Process 115 Scope 115 Supervision 116 Whistles: Elevation of 27 On vessels 27 On vessels navigating special waters 27 Whistling 66 Wood-hull tank vessels, general 19 Wooden lifeboats (see Lifeboats). o (D-158) Tiiiiili" A000071 5tl lbS2