bb.^i O to o A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION «*■*"*<*. V '^res of ' NOAA SHIP DISCOVERER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - The NOAA ship Discoverer is one of a new generation of research and survey ves- sels proposed in 1961, among the world's best-equipped marine research platforms, and, with her Seattle-based sister ship Oceanographer, the largest ever constructed by the United States specifically for environmental research at sea. The arrival pf the discoverer represented a significant advance in the Nation's ability to improve man's mderstanding and uses of the global ocean. '" ^ \J~~ "^_ Designated Ocean Survey Ship (OSS) 02, Discoverer was designed by the U.S. faritime Administration and built under its supervision. The keel for the new ship was laid at the Aerojet-General shipyard, Jacksonville, Fla., on September 10, 1963; discoverer was launched October 29, 1964, delivered to the Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey (now NOAA's National Ocean Survey) December 15, 1966, commissioned A] 28, 1967, and transferred to Miami, Fla., July 26, 1967. \ The ship combines a full marine environmental research capability with certain unique features of design-versatility in handling scientific gear over the side; an ex- tensive use of automated control and data systems; radio, radar, and satellite naviga- tion equipment ; and a research-oriented arrangement of living quarters, laboratories, and oceanographic work areas. The planned growth capability of Discoverer has be< «-T y Cover painting by Jack Coggins for NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories /XT raphic and Me / ^v <> *U >* II II III V; UFA' © 8 put to good use as the versatile ship has moved from one milestone expedition to another. Operated by the National Ocean Survey, and commanded by officers of the NOAA commissioned corps, Discoverer supports both the marine mapping and charting mis- sion of the Ocean Survey and the explorations of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, the Miami center of, NOAA' s Environmental Research Laboratories. Research projects are characterized by close cooperation with Sea Grant and other university marine researchers, and each expedition carries a complement of lest scientists working in conjunction with their NOAA colleagues. Much of the ship's work has related to such programs as Atlantic Seamap, CICAR (Cooperative a Investigation of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions), BOMEX (Barbados Ocean- raphic and Meteorological Experiment), TAG (TransAtlantic Geotraverse) , LTEX.( Atlantic Trade Wind Experiment), and EGMEX (Eastern Gulf of Mexico studies). S^ N \ VJ >y From her base near the Miami laboratories, "Disco" ranges the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean and equatorial Pacific, taking the measure of the ocean, its basins, and its life. *s ( t / OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORY OMPUTER-^-CERC OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORY METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY PLOTTING ROOM DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM OCEANOGRAPHIC SENSORS salinity temperature pressure sound velocity (other) NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT ECHO SOUNDERS COMPASS SHIP'S LOG METEOROLOGICAL SENSORS air temperature dewpoint wind velocity GEOPHYSICAL SENSORS gravity magnetic field (capability for 256 additional analog inputs; approximately 150 open/close signals) Digitizer > -► Raw Data Logger Signal Conditioner UNIVAC 1218 Computer / Digital and analog readouts CENTRALIZED ENGINE ROOM CONTROL The Oceanographer j Discoverer design was unique in its application of a single computer to serve both ship operation and the collection and processing of environmental data. Using this computer, a high degree of machinery automa- tion is made possible by the Centralized Engine Room Control (CERC) system, a development of the Westinghouse Corporation. CERC also permits remote control of main propulsion units and principal auxiliary machinery from a master control station in the engine room and from the bridge. In addition to automatic logging of ship operating data, CERC includes an alarm system which detects and locates malfunctions, gives a warning signal, and, through an automated type- writer, describes the problem. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM The heart of the Discoverer's automated con- trols is a Westinghouse Prodac 510 system using a UNIVAC 1218 computer main frame. Because controlling and monitoring CERC require only about 25% of the computer's total capacity — 100,000 arithmetic calculations per second, 16,384-word memory core — the computer is used principally by the Data Acquisition System (DAS) . In its underway mode, DAS samples (via shipboard and towed sensors) , records, and processes geophysical, oceanographic, hydro- graphic, and meteorological data on a routine basis; ship position is logged continuously, and the computer can be used for concurrent process- ing of nonroutine data. In its on-station mode, DAS samples and processes data sensed by ship- board instruments and by an underwater multi- sensor package, as well as handling oceanographic station data. Ordinarily, researchers return from a long voyage to sort and analyze a tremendous bulk of raw data, a routine task which consumes thousands of scientific man-hours. With DAS, environmental data are substantially sorted and processed by the time a voyage is completed, freeing scientists for more productive activities, reducing the unit cost of oceanographic and meteorological data obtained at sea, and cutting the customary lag between acquisition and utili- zation of these data. .'-. - ' IlA w*L GENERAL DESCRIPTION Because she investigates a global oceanic sys- tem, the Discoverer has a global capability. Her nominal maximum cruising range, at a sustained speed of 16 knots, is 13,000 nautical miles — ap- proximately half the distance around the Equa- tor. The ship can be provisioned for 150 days at sea. Normal fresh-water consumption for all purposes is approximately 5000 gallons per day; storage is available for approximately 27,300 gallons, and distiller capacity is 8000 gallons per day. The Discoverer is of welded steel construction with structural reinforcing for operations in floe ice. All enclosed quarters and work areas are air-conditioned for maximum efficiency during tropical investigations. A passive anti-roll tank permits operations to continue up to Beaufort scale 8 — that is, fresh gale conditions, with wind velocity 34 to 40 knots, average wave height 18 feet. Propulsion is provided by two fixed-pitch propellers driven by two 2500-shp electric motors. A 400-hp bow thruster, developing ap- proximately 10,000 pounds of thrust, is located in a transverse tunnel through the ship's hull, and permits the vessel to maintain a constant heading at slow speeds despite adverse wind and wave conditions. Four 1150-kw diesel gen- erators supply d.c. power to the main propulsion motors, the bow thruster, and the deep sea winch. Three 400-kw ship service generators supply 450-volt, 60-cycle, 3-phase power for ship service, shops, and laboratories, and maintain constant voltage. Transformers step down normal power to 120-volt, 60-cycle current for lighting, appli- ances, electronic navigation equipment, and special purposes. Direct current for the gyro compass, automatic telephones, general alarm, and fire detection systems is supplied through batteries and rectifiers. Normal ship service power demand is approximately 400 kilowatts. Shore connections for 450-volt, 3-phase, 400- ampere current are provided. Four auxiliary boats supported on gravity davits are located on the navigation bridge deck. Two of these are 33-foot utility craft, one is a 26- foot motor whaleboat, and one is a 25-foot per- sonnel boat. The survey boats are equipped with communications and shoal-water hydrographic gear. FACILITIES All enclosed scientific work areas are air conditioned and served by interconnecting wireway trunks and communications, and, although functional, are reasonably spa- cious. The design objective here was the accommodation of the projects of visiting scientists as well as NOAA investigations. The oceanographic laboratory is a rectangular area occupying the entire aft end of the main deck. Net work area is 3400 square feet, excluding the laboratory office and data center room. Modular laboratory furniture permits flexible arrange- ment of the central work area to suit individual projects. Contiguous wet and dry labs are located in the aft, starboard corner of the oceanographic laboratory; both open on the central work area. A 6 by 8 foot vertical center well with a pressurized viewing port extends from the laboratory through the ship's hull and can be used by SCUBA divers and for casts of special equipment. A hatch and handling gear for the center well are located above the well on the superstructure deck. A monorail loop passes near the main deck hatch of the center well, and serves the laboratory and adjoining fantail work area. Other laboratory facilities include salt water, hot and cold fresh water, bottled gas, compressed air, 120-volt a.c. general service, and 450- volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle power; d.c. power is available from wet-cell batteries. Space and power for port- able core freeze-boxes are available in the laboratory. Indicators in the oceanographic laboratory show ship course and speed, gravity measurements, and readings obtained from other sensing instruments installed at various locations on the ship. Winch repeaters indicate winch speed, line tension, and quantity of line deployed during oceanographic operations. Gravity, seawater surface temperature, variations in magnetic field intensity, and water depth are recorded in the laboratory. Laboratory equipment includes a spectrophotometer, GEK (geomagnetic -electrokinetograph) , seismic reflection profiler, salinity bridge, and the equipment normally found in seagoing oceanographic laboratories. The computer is located in the laboratory's data center. The meteorological laboratory is immediately forward and above the ocean- ographic laboratory and provides 160 square feet of work space on the port side of the superstructure deck. The office is equipped with radiosonde receiver and repeaters for seawater temperature, wind velocity, and ship's course and speed. The ship can receive environmental satellite transmissions through a direct- readout receiver system. Space for meteorological sounding rocket equipment is also available. The meteorological office adjoins the balloon inflation room and the mete- orologists' stateroom. The plotting room is located aft of the pilot house on the navigation bridge deck, and offers 530 square feet of useful space. Equipment includes two stabilized narrow- beam sonar system recorders, a course recorder driven by the gyro compass, two conventional recorders driven by the deep-water sonar, a Decca 838 buoy-tracking radar, one recorder driven by the shoalwater sonar, the RCA 8714 radio direction- finder receiver, satellite navigation system, and two Loran "C" receivers. The Loran "A" receiver is located between the plotting room and pilot house. Other laboratory and work facilities include a gravity laboratory with 150 square feet of usable space, a photographic laboratory with 165 square feet of usable space, instrument repair shop, and an electronics repair shop. A bow observation chamber below the waterline has six ports for underwater viewing forward and to the sides. Two additional pressurized underwater viewing chambers are provided directly beneath the oceanographic working platform. The Discoverer has a nominal complement of 59 officers, scientists, and technicians, and 39 crew. Additional staterooms are available for eight visiting scientists, a dis- tinguished guest, and eight unassigned crew, and there are three spare berths. The ship can accommodate as many as 116 persons. Much attention has been given to developing a living and working environment aboard the Discoverer that is conducive to good morale and productive operations. General staterooms with adjoining individual day rooms and facilities are provided for the captain, chief engineer, and any distinguished guest. Single staterooms are provided for senior officers and eight chief petty officers. Remaining staterooms are double. Individual lounges are provided for officers and scientists, chief petty officers, and petty officers and crew. The arrangement of ship's accommodations permits parti- cipation of women guest scientists who have often been excluded from important expeditions by the austerity and lack of privacy characteristic of working vessels. Bow Observation Chamber Divers on Center Well Platform Multisensor Cast COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT Main transmitter, RCA ET-8017, IF on 10 frequencies. Transmitter, RCA ET-8063, HF single side- band, 50 frequencies in five bands cover 2-30 Mc, with RCA RM-334 re- mote HF receiver. Main radio receiver, RCA CRM-R2A, HF and IF single sideband, 18 bands cover 80-kc-30 Mc. Emergency transmitter, RCA ET-8043, MF 350-515 kc. Emergency receiver, RCA AR-8510, LF, four bands cover 15-650 kc. Automatic alarm signal unit, RCA AR- 8603. Two receivers, Collins, 30 bands cover 0.54 -30.5 Mc for AM, CW, MCW, SSB, and FSK reception. Transceiver, Collins 32 RS-1, HF single sideband 1.6-15Mc. Transceiver, Collins KWT-6/8, MF and HF, 2-30 Mc, with Collins 40N-1 fre- quency standard. Radiotelephone, RCA CRM-P7A-150, 2-9 Mc, emergency transmission on 2182 kc. Auxiliary radiotelephone, RCA ET-8058, VHF, six frequencies cover 144-174 Mc, arranged for duplex operation with RCA" AR-8519 receiver. Base station, Motorola "Compa-Station," VHF, reception and transmission on 164.025 and 164.075 Mc. Facsimile equipment, Alden 311 DA, with RCA CRM-55B receiver. Standard frequency broadcast service (WWV) communication receiver, RCA AR-8516, AM and CW, 18 bands cover 80-kc-30 Mc, with time-signal circuit. Radio teletype, operating with Collins KWT-6/8 single sideband transceiver and two Collins 51S-IHF communica- tion receivers. APT (Automatic Picture Transmission) receiver, for weather satellite transmis- sions. Lifeboat transmitter/receiver, portable, RCA ET-8053. Transceivers, mobile, Collins 32MS-1A HF single sideband, 1.6-15 Mc, one in each 33-foot oceanographic survey launch. Radiotelephones (4) , portable, Motorola P-33, VHF, 164.025 and 164.075 Mc. NOAA SHIP DIS :E F OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORIES JM c □ in "? ~ »r a i MET'Y LAB SHIP'S OFFICE ; i — ' 1 D BALLOON INFLA. ROOM 1 LIBRARY 1 % 1 I UNDERWATER SOUNDING EQUIPMENT Deep-water sonar, AN/UQN IE, EDO Model 185, transducers at bow and . one-third length, two conventional re- corders and two PDRs in plotting room. Shoal-water sonar, DE 723, pair of trans- ducers amidships and port and star- board at the forward one-third length, ■ ^ , ■ I OFFICERS/SCIENTISTS QUARTERS I U I U I "- OFFICERS/SCIENTISTS QUARTERS one Fathometer recorder each in plot- ting room, pilot house, and ocean- ographic laboratory. Lodar, Elac LSE-30 (horizontal/vertical sonar) with LAZ 17 recorder, in pilot house. Narrow-beam stabilized transducer sonar, 6,000-fathom range, recording on two PDR's in plotting room; the beam is always directed toward earth center regardless of ship's motions. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Length, overall 303 feet Length, waterline 280 feet Beam, molded 52 feet Depth at side, molded 28 feet 6 inches Draft, light 13 feet Draft, full load 18 feet Displacement, light 2580 long tons Displacement, full load 3805 long tons NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT Gyro compass, Sperry MK 14, Mod 3, mod- ified for 80° latitude, course recorders in plotting room, synchronous infor- mation to eight shipboard stations. Gyro automatic pilot. Navigation radar, Decca TM-707, in pilot house. Navigation radar, Decca 969 with ARp-50 plotter, in pilot house. Loran "A," Sperry MK 2, Mod 2A, 2 Mc, hyperbolic, receiver between pilot house and plotting room, maximum range 750 miles, positional accuracy 1.0% of ship's distance from shore sta- tions. Loran "C," AN/SPN-32, 100 kc, hyperbolic, two receivers in plotting room, maxi- mum range 1500 miles, positional ac- curacy 0.1% of ship's distance from shore stations. Radio direction-finder, RCA 8714, receiver in plotting room. Radio direction-finder, portable, RCA CRM-DIA. Satellite navigation system. A deep-sea, 150-hp electro-hydraulic winch with 45,000 feet of tapered (% to % inch) wire is located on the aft main deck. Two double-drum, 30-hp, electro- hydraulic winches with 30,000 feet each of % 6 -inch wire and 12,000 feet of 6-con- ductor electrical logging cable are installed on the aft superstructure deck. A 40-hp electro-hydraulic winch with 6000 feet of %-inch wire is located on the aft super- structure deck, and three bathythermo- graphic winches are carried, two on the aft main deck and one on the forward boat deck. The forward crane has a 7300-pound capacity at a 40-foot radius; the aft crane has a capacity of 5 long tons at a 35-foot radius, and is mounted off-center to handle long cores. Direct pilot-house control of the main engines and bow-thruster is pro- vided. Underway Research and Survey Capability Uncontaminated surface water samples are taken from a shipboard sampling chest. A shipboard gravity meter measures the direction and intensity of the earth's gravity field as they vary with geo- graphic location. These data are important to precise determinations of the size and configuration of the earth, and to investigations of the geophysical character of the earth beneath the ocean's sediment-covered floor. Shoal-water sonar records water depth and bottom topography in water too shallow for the deep-water sonar. 2j?*!pPL Stabilized narrow-beam transducer sonar records water depth and bathy- metric features along a narrow track which is always directly below the ship, providing a more accurate batliy- metric record than is available with conventional sonar systems. Deep-sea sonar provides a continuous record of water depth along the ship's path, and shows topographic features of the ocean floor. Atmospheric conditions are monitored at regular intervals with ship-launched radiosonde balloons, which send tem- perature, pressure, and humidity data to a receiver in the meteorological laboratory; by tracking the balloon, observers can determine wind condi- tions aloft. Towed GEK (geomagnetic electrokine- tograph) sensor measures surface cur- rent velocity by measuring the inter- action of the ocean and the earth's magnetic field. Sounding rockets will be used to probe the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Proton free-precession magnetometer sensor provides a continuous measure- ment of the total intensity of the earth's magnetic field. seismic reflection profiler uses a larker" towed astern to direct a -frequency sonic signal toward the jan floor; the reflected signal is picked up by the towed hydrophones and recorded. The recorded profile is similar to conventional sonar sound- ing records, with the difference that the low-frequency signal penetrates bottom sediments and rock structure to a considerable depth. Continuous profiles can be obtained along the ship's track. Nansen bottles are used to obtain water samples at various depths. The bottles are free flooding until tripped by a messenger weight, when they reverse and remain filled with water from the assigned depth. Each bottle carries thermometers which read tem- perature at the sample depth. Nansen bottles are stored in the wet lab, and tapped for dry lab analysis of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters. SCUBA divers are the for direct observation environment. Divers ment enter and leave a center well open graphic laboratory best instruments of the oceanic and special equip- the ship through ng in the oceano- Multisensor packages lowered from the ship sense salinity and conductivity, temperature, and depth, and relay these measurements to electronic equipment in the oceanographic laboratory/ The ship's computer reduces multisensor signals and feeds them to automatic plotters, digital print-out sys/ems, and meters in the oceanographic labora- Geological dredges are towed along the ocean floor to gather samples of rocks and sediments. Significant manganese deposits have been dis- covered by these dredging operations. jftereocameras are lowered to obtain a photographic record of small sections of the ocean floor. The stereo pair is used in photogrammetric mapping, an important part of the search for new resources in the sea. Instruments suspended from a ship- launched buoy measure direction and speed of ocean currents and water temperature and conductivity. Buoy instrumentation relays these measure- ments by radio to shipboard or shore- based receivers. ■■HMMMMMMMMH Drogue buoys, deployed by the ship and tracked by radar, measure current flow at depth. \ ""*** Samples of ocean ; floor sediments are collected for analysis, and are used in determinations of the character, age, and origin of the ocean basins and continents. Grabs take a "bite" from the exposed sediment layer. Long cores are obtained with tubular devices which are driven into the sedi- ment layers. When brought aboard ship, the core samples are removed intact as cylindrical specimens show ing the vertical composition of the ocean bottom. Core sizes of this type range to more than TOO feet in length, and have been collected even in the deepest ocean trenches. Tbermoprobes are driven into the ocean floor to read temperatures at various vertical positions in the sediment layer. These measurements are used to determine the flow of heat from the earth into the ocean, providing clues to the seismic and structural character of the earth beneath the ocean floor. NOAA, The Marine Environment, and Oceanic Life NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. De- partment of Commerce, is a reflection of the pervasive link between man, the marine environment, and oceanic life. Created in 1970 by combining existing environmental science, oceanographic, and marine fisheries organizations, NOAA is the national focus for non-military efforts in the ocean, atmospheric, and marine biological sciences, and their associated technologies. NOAA's National Ocean Survey charts our coastal and Great Lakes waters, moni- tors and predicts tides and tidal currents, and develops full bathymetric and geophysi- cal descriptions of the world ocean. Its National Oceanographic Instrumentation Center tests and evaluates new marine environmental sensors in the laboratory and the open sea. Its National Data Buoy Center is developing a prototype system of auto- matic ocean buoys for obtaining essentially continuous marine environmental data. The Office of Fleet Operations manages NOAA's research and survey ships and their coastal and Great Lakes facilities. The Environmental Research Laboratories of NOAA conduct programs aimed at improving our understanding of the physical processes and mineral resources of the marine environment. The Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories in Miami, Fla., have been associated with studies of plate tectonics, continental drift theory, the Gulf Stream and other major current systems, coastal and estuarine processes, air-sea interaction, tropical meteorology, and experimental weather modi- fication, including the joint NOAA-Navy-Air Force hurricane modification experi- ment called Project Stormfury. The Pacific Oceanographic Laboratory, in Seattle, studies the Pacific system of crustal plates and other significant physical features, air- sea interactions, internal waves and other ocean dynamic processes, and estuarine and coastal zone processes, especially as they characterize the embayments of the Pacific northwest. Its Joint Tsunami Research Effort at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, explores the generation, propagation, and destructive transformation of these earthquake-generated waves. Tsunami watches and warnings for the Pacific area originate at the Honolulu Observatory of the Earth Sciences Laboratories. The Marine Minerals Technology Center, in Tiburon, Calif., is investigating methods of tapping the mineral resources of the ocean floor, with emphasis on developing en- vironmentally acceptable equipment and procedures. NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service conducts broad research and service programs aimed at improving our comprehension and uses of the ocean's living resources. Laboratories on every coast investigate the behavior, population dynamics, environmental inter-relationships, and fishery potential of regionally significant species, and provide data in support of internationally negotiated conservation measures for offshore fishing grounds. The agency also provides support to the Na- tion's fishing industry through technological innovation and resource development, marketing information services, and a consumer-protecting voluntary inspection pro- gram for fishery products. As with physical oceanographers, fisheries scientists are becoming increasingly concerned with the impact on commercial and marine game fish resources of man-generated pollution, environmental change, and coastal zone usage. The National Weather Service provides a wide variety of marine meteorological and oceanographic reports and forecasts to users of the ocean, coastal zone, and Great Lakes. The agency's marine weather services include maps of warning display locations, continuous-transmission VHF broadcasts, high-seas weather broadcasts, and special forecasts of sea state, water temperature, surf, and other information. As . i NOAA's key element in providing natural hazards watches and warnings, the Na- tional Weather Service originates and transmits timely warnings against hurricanes and other maritime disturbances, tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, floods, winter storms, and other weather-related phenomena; its extensive communication lines are used to speed tsunami warnings to the public. The Environmental Data Service, through its National Oceanographic Data Cen- ter, processes and archives the world's largest collection of marine environmental data. Its National Climatic Center, in Asheville, N.C., holds some 40 million marine weather observations, and the collection of the National Geophysical Data Center, in Boulder, Colo., includes some marine geophysical data. The data archived in these centers is readily retrievable in a variety of useful forms. The National Environmental Satellite Service is applying the expertise gained from a decade of meteorological satellite operations to developing a fully environmental satellite capability. A leader in the search for better ways to use the data products of earth-orbiting instruments, the Satellite Service has begun to create special "wet" products such as sea-surface temperatures maps and monitoring systems for major current systems. With the advent of the operational data buoy networks, the satellites will also be used as telemetry relays, filling observational gaps at sea. On September 28, 1918, Todd Shipyard Corporation of New York launched a new ship which was commissioned January 31, 1919, the USS Auk (AM-38) . From April to October, USS Auk served with Mine Division No. 3, clearing the North Sea mine barrage. That task accomplished, she returned to New York, and, later in 1919, was placed in reserve at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. USS Auk was transferred to the Coast and Geodetic Survey on April 7, 1922, and given a name which matched her new assignment: Discoverer. From 1922 to 1926, the Discoverer helped the Coast and Geodetic Survey carry out the hydro- graphic surveys which opened coastal shipping lanes along Alaska. Discoverer Island and Discoverer Bay, off the Alaska Peninsula, were named for this hardworking ship. In 1927, the Discoverer was transferred to hydrographic work in the Hawaiian Islands, surveyed the coast of California in 1928 and 1929, and returned to Alaskan waters until 1940. On August 26, 1941, the ship returned to the Navy and underwent conversion to a salvage vessel (ARS-3), but retained the name Discoverer. She served civilian crews during World War II. On January 28, 1947, her quiet career of faithful service over, the first Discoverer was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1971 O - 445- 15 NOAA PA 71018 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price thirty cents Stock Number 0317-0054 PENN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES A000070TM47L1 3&£%s»