technical paper Comparison of Persons of Spanish Surname and Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / V % Social and Economic Statistics Administration BUREAU OF THE CENSUS technical paper Comparison of Persons of Spanish Surname and Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States by Edward W. Fernandez Issued June 1975 *TES ^^ jf U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary James L. Pate, Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs Social and Economic Statistics Administration Edward D. Failor, Administrator BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Vincent P. Barabba, Director •? '^fi.191 6 BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Vincent P. Barabba, Director Robert L. Hagan, Deputy Director Daniel B. Levine, Associate Director for Demographic Fields POPULATION DIVISION Meyer Zitter, Chief ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to acknowledge the assistance of Arthur Cresce, Spanish Statistics Staff, Population Division. Library of Congress Card No. 75-619191 SUGGESTED CITATION U.S. Bureau of the Census, Comparison of Persons of Spanish Surname and Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States, by Edward W. Fernandez, Technical Paper No. 38, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1975. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price 85 cents CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Spanish Surname and Spanish Origin 1 Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics 2 Definitions and Explanations 7 Source and Reliability of the Estimates 8 Bibliography 12 TEXT TABLES Table Page A. Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname, by Sex, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 3 B. Persons of Spanish Origin by Type, Surname, and Sex, for the United States and the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 3 C. Age of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 3 D. Years of School Completed by Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname 25 Years Old and Over, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 4 E. Marital Status of Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname 14 Years Old and Over, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 4 F. Income in 1970 of Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 4 G. Income in 1970 of Families With Head of Spanish Origin or Spanish Surname, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 5 H. Spanish Language Usage of Persons of Spanish Origin by Type and Surname, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 5 I. Selected Demographic Measures of Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname, for the Five Southwestern States: March 1971 5 J. Selected Summary Characteristics of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 6 K. Characteristic Type for Each Data Table 8 L. Standard Errors for Totals: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Total United States 9 M. Standard Errors for Totals: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Southwest 9 N. Standard Errors for Totals: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population Not in the Southwest 10 0. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population of the Total United States— Type I 10 P. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Southwest— Type I 11 Q. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages: Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population Not in the Southwest 11 CONTENTS— Continued DETAILED TABLES Table Page 1. Persons of Spanish Origin and Persons of Spanish Surname, by Type of Spanish Origin and Sex, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 13 2. Age of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 14 3. Years of School Completed by Persons of Spanish Origin and by Persons of Spanish Surname 25 Years Old and Over, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 15 4. Marital Status of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname 14 Years Old and Over, by Sex, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 15 5. Income in 1970 of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname 14 Years Old and Over, by Sex, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 16 6. Income in 1 970 of Families With Head of Spanish Origin or With Head of Spanish Surname, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 17 7. Percent Current Language Usage of Persons of Spanish Origin by Type and Surname, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 17 8. Selected Demographic Measures of Persons of Spanish Origin and of Persons of Spanish Surname, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 18 9. Persons of Spanish Surname by Ethnic Origin, for the United States, the Five Southwestern States, and the Remainder: March 1971 18 INTRODUCTION This report presents comparative data on the characteristics of the population classified as having a Spanish surname and on the population identified as of Spanish origin in the United States based on the March 1971 Current Population Survey (CPS). The primary purpose of the report is to illustrate the relationship between these two identifiers of the population of Spanish ancestry in the United States and to determine the extent to which Spanish surname can be used as a proxy for identifying persons of Spanish origin. If a strong positive relationship exists between these two identifiers, then the statistical data on the Spanish ancestry population in the United States can be greatly expanded through the coding of Spanish surname in the greater number of administrative and vital records that now exist. In addition, the measurement of the relationship between the Spanish surname and Spanish origin populations in the five Southwestern States of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas will help deter- mine the validity of the statistics on the population of Spanish surname in these States which were published from the data collected in the 1950, 1960, and 1970 Censuses of Population. The primary finding of the analysis of the relationship between Spanish surname and Spanish origin is that identifi- cation by Spanish surname appears to provide a fair approxi- mation of the Spanish origin population in the five South- western States of the United States, but not in the States outside this area. Spanish origin. A question asking people to report if they were of Spanish origin or descent was first used by the Bureau of the Census in the November 1969 CPS. It was subsequently used in the 1970 Census of Population, the March 1971 CPS, the March 1972 CPS, and the October 1972 CPS. Beginning in March 1973, this question has been included each month in the CPS as a standard item. Of the identifiers used by the Bureau of the Census to classify the Spanish ancestry population of the United States, the identifier Spanish origin is the only subjective identifier in the sense that it represents the respondent's self-identification or perceived origin. In the March 1971 CPS, information on origin or descent was obtained from responses to the following question: 52. What is . . .'s origin or descent? Show Flash Card or read List German Italian Irish French Polish Russian English, Scot, Welsh Mexicano, Chicano . . Puerto Rican Cuban Central or So. Amer . Other Spanish Negro Other Don't know were classified as of Spanish origin if the family head was of Spanish origin. Spanish surname. Identification by Spanish surname was first used by the Bureau of the Census in the 1950 Census of Population and later in the 1960 and 1970 censuses. Persons of Spanish surname were identified only in the five Southwestern States of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas because of the frequent occurrence in other States of surnames identical to Spanish surnames but belonging to other ethnic groups (e.g., Italian, Portuguese, and English). In the censuses of 1950, 1960, and 1970, a manual coding operation was used to identify Spanish surnames. A list of about 8,000 Spanish surnames originally compiled by the Immigration and Naturalization Service 1 and updated by the Bureau of the Census was used in the coding process. Although the manual coding operation of Spanish surnames has not changed substantially since 1950, the content of the list was expanded for 1970 by adding surnames which had 25 or more listings in the 1962 edition of the Havana, Cuba telephone directory, and in the 1970 editions of the San Juan, Puerto Rico, and the Mexico City, Mexico telephone directories. Additions to the list were also made through checking surnames with reported ethnic background in the 1968 October- December Urban Employment Survey, and by including sur- names from a study by Charles R. Maduell. 2 Moreover, in addition to coding as Spanish those names on the census questionnaires that were on the list, coders were instructed to code as Spanish any surname with endings in a, es, n, no, os, s, or z in which the preceding part of the name appeared on the list. Surnames on the questionnaires with a prefix of De, Del, De La, De Las, or De Los, in addition to the name on the list, were coded Spanish. The name "Martin," a special case, was coded as Spanish if (1) the person surnamed "Martin" or either of his parents was born in a Spanish-speaking country of the Americas or in Spain, (2) the person indicated that Spanish was his mother tongue, or (3) the person reported he was of Spanish origin. The format of the Spanish surname list was also changed for the 1970 census. Similar Spanish surnames that appeared on lists for the 1950 and 1960 censuses were combined into a single entry for the 1970 list. For example, the surnames Abel, Abela, and Abelas, which appeared separately in the previous lists, were condensed for 1970 into one line as Abel (a) (as). 3 SPANISH SURNAME AND SPANISH ORIGIN Summary. The statistics in this report are based on statistics collected in the March 1971 CPS. In that survey, the population was identified according to Spanish origin and, subsequently, Spanish surnames were identified independently from the survey questionnaires. This coding of Spanish surnames from Persons 14 years old and over who reported themselves in any of the Spanish origin categories of Mexicano, Chicano; Puerto Rican; Cuban; Central or South American; or other Spanish were classified as of Spanish origin. Persons under 14 U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Supplement to Manual of Immigration, Spanish-Spanish Personal Names, selected by Inspector George Lock- wood, New York, 1936. Charles R. Maduell, The Romance of Spanish Surnames, New Orleans, Louisiana, published privately, 1967. 3 An abbreviated list and a detailed list of Spanish surnames are available upon request to the Spanish Origins Statistics Staff, Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C 20233. the March 1971 CPS questionnaires provided, on a sample basis, data on the characteristics of all persons with Spanish surnames in the United States, not just those in the five Southwestern States which had been the case in each decennial census since 1950. Identification by Spanish surname appears to provide a fair approximation of the Spanish origin population in the five Southwestern States of the United States, but not in the States outside this area. In the five Southwestern States, 81 percent of the population with a Spanish surname identified themselves as of Spanish origin. And of the population in these States who identified themselves as of Spanish origin, 74 percent had a Spanish surname (table A). However, outside of these States, only about 46 percent of the population with a Spanish surname reported that they were of Spanish origin. Also, of the population outside of the Southwest who identified themselves as of Spanish origin, only about 61 percent had a Spanish surname. 4 Spanish surname. Many people in the United States who have a typical Spanish last name do not consider themselves to be of Spanish origin. For instance, among all persons with a Spanish surname in the United States in March 1971, only about two-thirds reported that they were of Spanish origin-about 67 percent of the men and 61 percent of the women. In the Southwestern States where many of the persons of Spanish origin are of Mexican origin, a larger proportion of the population with a Spanish surname report that they are of Spanish origin-81 percent. However, there was no statistically significant evidence that the men in the Southwest who had a Spanish surname were more likely to also be of Spanish origin (84 percent) than were the women (78 percent) even though a woman who is not of Spanish origin or descent could gain a Spanish surname through marriage. American origin and 50 percent of the women of other Spanish origin had a Spanish last name. Because the population of Spanish surname is more likely to also be of Spanish origin in the Southwest than in the rest of the United States, the demographic and socioeconomic charac- teristics of these two population groups are usually more similar in the Southwest. The following section describes the character- istics of the Spanish surname and Spanish origin populations primarily in the Southwest so that users of Spanish surname statistics will have information on how close an approximation these statistics are to statistics on the population of Spanish origin or descent. DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS Age. The age structure of the population of Spanish surname and the population of Spanish origin is quite similar in the Southwest (table C). The median age of the population of Spanish surname was almost identical to that of persons of Spanish origin in March 1971, 19.5 years and 19.3 years, respectively. In both groups, about 48 percent were children and youth under 18 years old, about 49 percent were in the economically active ages of 18 to 64 years old, and about 3 percent were 65 years old and over. Years of school completed. The persons of Spanish surname in the Southwest had a level of educational attainment not statistically significant from that of persons of Spanish origin. Among adults 25 years old and over with a Spanish surname, about 34 percent were high school graduates in 1971 as compared with 30 percent for persons of Spanish origin (table D). Spanish origin. Persons who consider themselves to be of Spanish origin or descent may or may not have a Spanish last name. In the March 1971 CPS, among all persons in the United States who reported that they were of Spanish origin, about two-thirds had a Spanish surname and one-third did not. There was some evidence of a difference between the men and the women of Spanish origin with a Spanish surname, as about 71 percent of the men of Spanish origin had a Spanish surname but only about 66 percent of the women had a Spanish surname. The difference is probably due to the marriage of some women with Spanish maiden names to men with non-Spanish surnames. In the Southwest, however, where the population of Spanish origin was more likely to have a Spanish surname than in the rest of the Nation, the difference between the men and women in the proportion of those of Spanish origin with a Spanish surname was not statistically significant. About 75 percent of the men and about 72 percent of the women reporting a Spanish origin had a Spanish last name. Most persons of Mexican origin, a majority of whom live in the Southwest, have a Spanish surname. Among the men of Mexican origin in the United States in March 1971, 76 percent had a Spanish surname (table B). In contrast, only 56 percent of the men who reported that they were of Central or South American origin had a Spanish surname. Also, about 75 percent of the women of Mexican origin had a Spanish surname, but only about 40 percent of the women of Central or South 4 Statistically different from the percent in the Southwest only at the 1 .9 standard error level. However, there was some evidence that those persons in the Southwest with a Spanish surname who were also of Spanish origin had completed fewer years of school than those with a Spanish surname who were not of Spanish origin. Among persons of Spanish surname who were also of Spanish origin, the median years of school completed was 8.0, and about one out of every four had completed less than 5 years of school. But among persons of Spanish surname in the Southwest who were not of Spanish origin, the median years of school completed was 12.0, and only about one out of every 33 had completed less than 5 years of school (table 3). Marital status. Men of Spanish surname in the Southwest had a quite similar distribution in the marital categories of single, married, widowed, and divorced when compared with the men of Spanish origin. In general, this was also true for the women of Spanish surname when compared to women of Spanish origin (table E). Income. There was about a $150 difference in the median income of men with a Spanish surname and the men of Spanish origin in the Southwest in 1970, $5,220 and $5,070, respec- tively (table F). These medians were not statistically significant, however. The family incomes in 1970 of the families with a head of Spanish surname in the Southwest were also similar to the incomes of those families with a head of Spanish origin, $7,480 and $7,240, respectively (table G). Table A. PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME, BY SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 (Numbers in thousands) Origin and surname United Sta bes Five Southwestern States Remainder of the United States Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Persons of Spanish origin.. 8,957 4,418 4,539 5,345 2,681 2,664 3,612 1,737 1,875 100.0 68.3 100.0 70.8 100.0 65.9 100.0 73.6 100.0 75.3 100.0 71.9 100.0 60.5 100.0 63.8 100.0 57.4 Not of Spanish surname. . . 31.7 29.2 34.1 26.4 24.7 28.1 39.5 36.2 42.6 Persons of Spanish surname. 9,575 4,704 4,872 4,850 2,408 2,442 4,725 2,295 2,430 100.0 63.9 100.0 66.5 100.0 61.4 100.0 81.1 100.0 83.8 100.0 78.4 100.0 46.2 100.0 48.3 100.0 44.3 Not of Spanish origin 1 ... 36.1 33.5 38.6 18.9 16.2 21.6 53.8 51.7 55.7 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Table B. PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY TYPE, SURNAME, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES AND THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 (Numbers in thousands) Male Female Area and type of Spanish origin Total Spanish surname Total Spanish surname Number Percent Number Percent UNITED STATES 4,418 3,126 70.8 4,539 2,991 65.9 2,562 1,948 76.0 2,461 1,845 75.0 655 425 64.9 795 487 61.3 313 205 65.5 313 205 65.5 Central or South American „ . 235 132 56.2 267 106 39.7 Other Spanish origin. . „ „ 654 416 63.6 7 03 348 49.5 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total Spanish origin. , 2,681 2,018 75.3 2,664 1,915 71.9 2,221 1,702 76.6 2,137 1,622 75.9 461 316 68.5 527 293 55.6 1 Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban- Central or South American, and other Spanish origin. Table C. AGE OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 Total Spanish origin Spanish surname Age Total 1 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin 5,345 100.0 47.7 12.2 24.5 12.3 3.3 19.3 4,850 100.0 47.4 11.9 23.9 13.2 3.6 19.5 3,933 100.0 49.4 11.6 23.7 12.2 3.1 18.4 821 100.0 39.3 13.8 24.8 16.8 5.2 23.4 18 to 24 years old 65 years old and over Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Table D. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 Total. Spanish origin Spanish surname Years of school completed Total 1 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin 2,145 100.0 23.0 20.1 10.8 16. 5 20.8 5.6 3.2 1,971 100.0 20.8 18.0 10.9 16.2 23.5 7.1 3.6 1,535 100.0 25.3 21.0 11.9 16.7 18.6 4.8 1.8 385 100.0 3.1 7.0 8.1 13.8 41.0 16.4 10.6 Elementary: to 4 years 5 to 7 years 8 years High school: 1 to 3 years 4 years 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Table E. MARITAL STATUS OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 status Total Spanish Total Span ish surname Marital origin To tal 1 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Total 1,593 100.0 32.1 64.5 2.0 1.3 1,708 100.0 28.3 61.8 6.0 3.9 1,463 100.0 32.7 64.2 1.7 1.4 1,552 100.0 27.2 64.2 5.0 3.6 1,197 100.0 32.5 64.2 2.1 1.2 1,172 100.0 29,4 62.1 5.2 3.2 236 100.0 34.3 63.1 2.5 339 100.0 20.1 72.3 W idowed 3.5 3.8 - Represents zero or rounds to zero. 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately, Table F. INCOME IN 1970 OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 Total Spanish surname Income Spanish origin To1 al 1 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1,401 100.0 39.5 37 .5 21.4 1.5 $5,072 924 100.0 79.0 17.9 2.7 0.3 $1,808 1,299 100.0 38.9 34.9 23.5 2,8 $5,223 887 100.0 78.0 18.5 3.3 0.3 $1,813 1,058 100.0 40.2 36.9 22.1 0.9 $5,019 630 100.0 85.7 12.2 1.4 0.5 $1,641 214 100.0 32.2 25.7 29.4 12.6 $6,766 229 100.0 $1 to $3,999 or loss 59.4 $4,000 to $7,999 $8,000 to $14,999 $15, 000 or more 33.2 7.4 $2,960 - Represents zero or rounds to zero. Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Table G. INCOME IN 1970 OF FAMILIES WITH HEAD OF SPANISH ORIGIN OR SPANISH SURNAME, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 Head of Span- ish ori- gin Head of Spanish surname Income Total 1 Span- ish ori- gin Not Span- ish ori- gin Total. . . thous. . . Under $4,000.. ....... $4,000 to $7,999 $8,000 to $14,999 $15,000 or more 1, 118 100.0 22.0 34.2 35.9 7.9 $7,238 1,018 100.0 21.8 32.3 35.2 10.7 $7,481 826 100.0 22.4 34.7 35.1 7.9 $7,151 173 100.0 18.5 22.5 34.1 24.3 $9,849 1 Includes family heads who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Current language. Not all persons of Spanish ancestry speak Spanish at home. In the March 1971 CPS, in households where persons of Spanish origin lived, the question, "Is Spanish now spoken in this household?" was asked. In the Southwest, 71 percent reported speaking Spanish at home and 29 percent reported that Spanish was not spoken at home (table 7). Demographic measures. Important aspects of the age and sex composition of the Spanish surname and the Spanish origin populations may be represented by three summary measures - the sex ratio, the aged-child ratio, and the dependency ratio (table I). In the five Southwestern States, the sex ratio (the number of men per 100 women) was about the same for persons of Spanish surname, 99, and for persons of Spanish origin, 101. The aged-child ratio (the number of persons 65 years old and over for every 100 persons under 18 years old) was also about the same for persons of Spanish surname and persons of Spanish origin, 8 and 7, respectively. These figures were not statistically different, and both indicate a relatively young population. Also, the dependency ratio (the number of persons under 18 and persons 65 and over for every 100 persons 18 to 64 years old) for both the population of Spanish surname and the population of Spanish origin was 104. Table H. SPANISH LANGUAGE USAGE OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY TYPE AND SURNAME, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 (Numbers in thousands) All persons Spanish surname Not Spanish surname Type of Spanish origin Total Spanish currently spoken in the home Percent Total Spanish currently spoken in the home Percent Total Spanish currently spoken in the home Percent Total, Spanish origin 5,345 4,358 987 3,771 3,205 565 70.6 73.5 57.2 3,933 3,324 609 2,899 2,508 391 73.7 75.5 64.2 1,412 1,034 378 872 697 175 61.8 67.4 46.3 1 Includes persons of Puerto RiTan, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin. Table I. SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES: MARCH 1971 Total Spanish origin Spanish surname Demographic measure Total 1 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin 100.6 7.0 104.2 98.6 7.6 104.1 105.4 6.2 110.2 73.0 13.3 80 4 Age-dependency ratio 4 old. Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. 2 Number of men per 100 women. Number of persons 65 years old and over per every 100 persons under 18 years old. Number of persons under 18 years old and 65 years old and over per every 100 persons 18 to 64 years Table J. SELECTED SUMMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 United States Selected characteristics Spani sh origin Spanish surname Five Southwestern States Spanish origin Spanish surname Remainder of United States Spanish origin Spanish surname AGE Total population thousands, Percent Under 18 years old..., 18 to 64 years old..., 65 years old and over, EDUCATION Total, 25 years old and over thousands, Percent : High school graduate , Completed some college , Total, 25 to 34 years old thousands, Percent : High school graduate , Completed some college , CURRENT LANGUAGE Percent : Spanish current language Spanish not current language, INCOME IN 1970 Median income: Males, 14 years old and over.., Females, 14 years old and over, Total families thousands, Percent Under $4,000 , $4,000 to $9,999. . , $10,000 to $14,999, $15,000 and over. . Median family income MARITAL STATUS Males, 14 years old and over thousands, Percent Single. . , Married . , Widowed . , Divorced , Females, 14 years old and over thousands, Percent , Single. . , Married . , Widowed . , Divorced , 8,957 100.0 45.9 50.5 3.5 3,812 32.6 10.9 1,290 45.3 14.3 69.7 27.7 $5,352 $2,168 1,954 100.0 20 49 20 10.0 £7.380 2,679 100.0 31.4 65.2 1.8 1.6 2,927 100.0 26.4 63.2 6.3 4.1 9,575 100.0 43.7 51.1 5.2 4,280 40.0 13.4 1,290 51.6 17 .2 (NA (NA $5,714 $2,139 2,169 100.0 18.7 44.3 22.6 14.4 $8,189 3,000 100.0 32.0 64.7 2.0 1.4 3,217 100.0 25.7 63.8 7.1 3.3 5,345 100.0 47.7 49.0 3.3 2,145 29.6 8.8 733 46.7 13.6 70.6 28.5 $5,072 $1,808 1,118 100.0 22.0 49.0 21.1 7.9 $7,238 1,593 100.0 32.1 64.5 2.0 1.3 1,708 100.0 28.3 61.8 6.0 3.9 4,850 100.0 47.4 49.0 3.6 1,971 34.2 10.7 660 48.6 14.4 NA) NA) $5,223 $1,813 1,018 100.0 21.8 46.7 20.8 10.7 $7,481 1.463 100.0 32 64 1 1 1,552 100.0 27.2 64.2 5.0 3.6 3,612 100 .0 43 .2 52 .9 3 .8 1,667 36.4 13.5 557 43.6 15.1 68.5 26.5 $5,688 $2,768 836 100.0 18.1 49.2 20.2 12 .6 $7,570 1,087 100.0 30.3 66.2 1.3 2.1 1,219 100.0 23.8 65.3 6.6 4.3 4,725 100.0 40.0 53.1 6.9 2,309 44.7 15.6 630 54.8 20.2 NA NA $6,185 $2,554 1,511 100.0 15.8 42.1 24.2 17.7 $8,879 1,538 100.0 31.2 65.1 2.3 1.4 1,665 100.0 24.4 63.5 9.0 3.1 NA Not available. Persons of Spanish surname and their ethnic origin. As previously noted, not all persons of Spanish surname are of Spanish ethnic origin. There was some evidence that in the Southwest the most common ethnic category other than one of the Spanish origin categories reported by persons of Spanish surname was other. Included in the other category were persons of an ethnic origin other than one of the categories listed on the questionnaire and persons of mixed ethnic origin neither part of which was Spanish. However, in addition to those reporting Spanish and those reporting other, there were persons with a Spanish surname who reported that their ethnic origin was German, Italian, Irish, French, Polish, Russian, and English, Scot, or Welsh, none of which were particularly large. Outside the Southwest, about 11 percent of the persons of Spanish surname reported that they were of Italian origin, suggesting an equivalence between some Spanish and Italian surnames (table 9). DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS Population coverage. This report includes the civilian nonin- stitutional population of the United States and members of the Armed Forces in the United States living off post or with their families on post, but excludes all other members of the Armed Forces. Rounding. The numbers in this report are in thousands. The figures may differ slightly from table to table since individual numbers were rounded to the nearest thousand without being adjusted to group totals. Similarly, individual percentages were rounded and parts may not always add to 100 percent. Ethnic origin. "Ethnic origin" was determined for this report on the basis of a question that asked for self-identification of the person's origin or descent and it, therefore, indicates what persons perceive their origin to be (See page 1 for the wording of the question.) Interviewers were instructed to probe for a more specific and earlier origin if the respondent reported American as his origin. They were also instructed to probe if a response indicating a religion was offered. The answers to the question on ethnic origin produce results somewhat different from results based on inferred ethnic identification using such characteristics as country of birth of the person or his parents, language spoken in the home, or surname. Some respondents having a diverse ethnic background or having several generations of residence in the United States may have reported the ethnic association they felt most strongly and may not have had precise alternatives from which to choose. Therefore, the identification of the population by ethnic origin does not necessarily reflect either the degree of attachment or of association the respondent had with the particular origin group. Persons of Spanish origin. In this report persons of Spanish origin are those persons who indicated that their origin was Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish origin. The latter category includes single origins not covered by the choices listed as well as combinations of types of Spanish origins. Persons who reported that they were of one of the specific Spanish origin categories and also of an origin category that was not Spanish were included in the specific Spanish origin category. The residual category other Spanish as used in the tables in this report does not always refer to the same universe. Instead, it includes all Spanish origin categories for which data are not shown separately in the particular table. Persons of Spanish surname. Persons of Spanish surname were identified by means of a coding operation in which each surname in the survey was compared to a list of more than 8,000 Spanish surnames. This list was originally compiled by the Immigration and Naturalization Service and later updated by the Bureau of the Census. Age. The age classification is based on the age of the person at his or her last birthday. Spanish currently spoken in home. Persons who reported any one of the Spanish origin categories were asked the additional question, "Is Spanish now spoken in this household?" The question applied to. the entire household; therefore, not all persons reported in such households necessarily currently speak or have ever spoken Spanish themselves. Nevertheless, this item provides some information on the number of persons for whom the Spanish language has a relatively strong influence or who are exposed to Spanish language usage in the home. Marital status. The marital status classification identifies four major categories: Single, married, widowed, and divorced. These terms refer to the marital status at the time of the enumeration. Family. The term "family," as used in this report, refers to a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all such persons are considered as members of the same family. Thus, if the son of the head of the household and the son's wife are in the household, they are treated as part of the head's family. On the other hand, such household members as a lodger and his wife not related to the head or an unrelated domestic employee and his wife are considered as additional families, and not a part of the household head's family. Head of household or family. One person in each household or family is designated as the "head." The number of heads, therefore, is equal to the number of households or families. The head is usually the person regarded as the head by the members of the household or family. Married women are not classified as heads if their husband is living with them at the time of the survey. Years of school completed. Data on years of school com- pleted in this report were derived from the combination of answers to two questions: "What is the highest grade of school he has ever attended?" and "Did he finish this grade?" The questions on educational attainment apply only to progress in regular schools. Such schools include public, private, and parochial elementary and high schools (both junior and senior high), colleges, universities, and professional schools, whether day schools or night schools. Thus, regular schooling is that which may advance a person toward an elementary school certificate or high school diploma, or college, university, or professional school degree. Schooling in other than regular schools was counted only if the credits obtained were regarded as transferable to a school in the regular school system. Income. For each person in the sample 14 years old and over, questions were asked on the amount of money income received in the preceding calendar year. It should be noted that although the income statistics refer to receipts during the preceding year the characteristics of the person, such as age, labor force status, etc., and the composition of families refer to the time of the survey. The income of the family does not include amounts received by persons who were members of the family during all 8 or part of the income year if these persons no longer resided with the family at the time of enumeration. On the other hand, family income includes amounts reported by related persons who did not reside with the family during the income year but who were members of the family at the time of enumeration. Median. The median is presented in connection with the data on age, years of school completed, and income. It is the value which divides the distribution into two equal parts, one-half of the cases falling below this value and one-half of the cases exceeding this value. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variations that occur by chance because a sample rather than the whole of the population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the standard error also partially measures the effect of certain response and enumer- ation errors, but it does not measure, as such, any systematic biases in the data. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a complete census figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error, and the chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF THE ESTIMATES Source of data. The estimates are based on data obtained in the March 1971 CPS conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The sample was spread over 449 areas comprising 863 counties and independent cities with coverage in each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Approximately 50,000 occupied households were eligible for interview each month. Of this number, 2,250 occupied units (on the average) were visited but interviews were not obtained because the occupants were not at home or were unavailable for some other reason. In addition to the 50,000 there were about 8,500 sample units visited in an average month that were found to be vacant or otherwise not to be interviewed. The estimating procedure used in this survey involved the inflation of the weighted sample results to independent esti- mates of the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States by age, race, and sex. These independent estimates were based on statistics from the 1960 Census of Population; statistics of births, deaths, immigration and emigration; and statistics on the strength of the Armed Forces. Reliability of the estimates. Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same schedules, instructions, and enumerators. As in any survey work, the results are subject to errors of response and of reporting, as well as being subject to sampling variability. All statements of comparison appearing in the text are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, and most are significant at a level of more than 2.0 standard errors. This means that for most differences cited in the text, the estimated difference is greater than twice the standard error of the difference. Statements of comparison qualified in some way (e.g., by use of the phrase some evidence) have a level of significance between 1.6 and 2.0 standard errors. The figures presented in tables L through Q are approxima- tions to the standard errors of various estimates shown in this report. To derive standard errors that would be applicable to a wide variety of items and could be prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations were required. As a result, the tables of standard errors provide an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errors rather than the precise standard error for any specific item. Tables L, M, and N contain the standard errors of estimated numbers. These tables are differentiated geographically as referring to Spanish populations of the total United States, the five Southwestern States and the total United States except for the five Southwestern States, respectively. The standard error for a number related to the five Southwestern States is much higher than that for the United States or for the remainder of the United States, because of the CPS design. Most of the areas not included in the CPS sample which contain large numbers of persons of Spanish origin are largely rural areas in the Southwest. Table K. CHARACTERISTIC TYPE FOR EACH DATA TABLE Table Characteristic type Table Characteristic type Table Characteristic type A 1 II -Noneducational III H, I 1 1 -Noneduca t ional 4 I B, C II -Noneducational J 2 I II-Educational 1 1 -Noneducat ional 5 II -Noneducational D II-Educational l 1 1 1 -Noneducat ional 6 I E I III 7,8 1 1 -Noneducational F I I -Noneducational 2 I I -Noneducat ional G I 1 3 II-Educational 9 III r The total number of persons in table A and table 1 for any of these three geographic areas are type III characteristics, while male or female breakdowns of these totals are type II noneducational character- istics . different portions of table J are of different characteristic types and are allocated as follows: Type I Marital Status Type II-Educational Education Type 1 1 -Noneducational Age Distribution, Income, Current Language The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the percentage is based. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. Tables 0, P, and Q contain the standard errors of estimated percentages. These tables are also differentiated by the same geographic criterion. Again, the standard error of a percentage from the Southwest is much higher than the corresponding percentage for the United States or the United States excluding the Southwest. In computing standard errors, it was found that the standard errors of certain types of characteristics behave differently. Characteristics were combined into four groups with the standard errors for all characteristics acting similarly for all items within a group, but differently between groups. Thus, each of tables L, M, and N are divided into four parts— one for each characteristic type. Since tables 0, P, and Q are quite large, they are not repeated for each characteristic type. Rather, the table is shown for type I characteristics. Footnotes to tables 0, P, and Q supply factors to multiply the entries in the tables by in order to obtain standard errors for other types of character- istics. Table L. STANDARD ERRORS FOR TOTALS Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Total United States (68 chances out of 100; thousands) Type Type II non- educa- tional Base Type I II educa- tional Type III 50 11 14 19 27 60 12 15 21 30 70 13 16 23 32 80 14 15 18 19 24 26 35 90 37 100 . . 15 20 27 39 22 28 39 55 3 00 27 31 34 39 47 55 67 400. ............. 77 500 34 38 41 44 48 52 61 67 72 87 600 95 102 800 44 55 77 109 46 59 82 116 49 62 86 122 68 87 122 173 83 106 148 211 4,000 95 122 171 243 5,000 106 136 190 2 71 115 149 208 296 7,000 123 160 224 319 8,000 131 171 239 340 9,000. 137 181 252 359 10,000. 144 190 265 3 78 When using any of the standard error tables, care should be taken to ensure that the standard error for the appropriate type of characteristic is obtained. Table K above is an index which shows for each of the data tables the type of characteristic tabulated in that table. Note when using small estimates. Percentage distributions are shown in this report only when the base of the percentage is greater than 75,000. Because of the large standard errors involved, there is little chance that percentages would reveal useful information when computed on a smaller base. Estimated totals are shown, however, even though the relative standard errors of these totals are larger than those for the corresponding percentages. The smaller estimates are provided primarily to permit such combinations of the categories as serve each user's needs. Illustration of the use of tables of standard errors. Table A of this report shows that in March 1971 there were 4,539,000 females of Spanish origin in the United States. Since table K shows the number of females of Spanish origin to be type II noneducational, column 3 of table L shows the standard error on an estimate of this size to be approximately 181,000. The chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimate would have been a figure differing from a complete census figure by less than 181,000. The chances are 95 out of 100 that the estimate would have differed from a complete census figure by less than 362,000, i. e., this 95-percent confidence interval would be from 4,177,000 to 4,901,000 [4,539,000 + 2 (181,000)] . Table M. STANDARD ERRORS FOR TOTALS Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Southwest (68 chances out of 100; thousands) Base 50. . . 60. . . 70... 80. . . 90. . . 100. . 200. . 300. . 400. . 500. . 600. . 700. . 800. . 900. . 1 ,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 Type I 30 33 35 38 40 42 60 73 85 95 105 114 122 130 137 200 226 251 298 320 341 362 Type I I educa- tional Type [I non- educa- tional 39 13 46 49 52 55 78 95 110 123 135 146 156 166 175 249 280 308 358 381 403 424 38 11 45 IS 51 5 1 80 102 123 142 161 179 197 214 232 401 485 568 733 815 898 980 Type III 70 77 83 89 9 1 100 141 172 199 223 244 264 282 299 315 446 499 547 632 670 707 742 10 Table N. STANDARD ERRORS FOR TOTALS Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population Not in the Southwest (68 chances out of 100; thousands) Base Type I Type II educa- tional Type II non- educa- tional Type III 50. ............. . 11 13 17 28 12 15 19 31 13 16 20 33 14 17 22 35 90. .......... 15 16 18 19 23 25 38 100 40 22 27 37 56 300 28 33 47 69 400 32 38 57 79 500 36 43 67 89 39 48 76 97 700 43 51 85 105 800.. 46 54 93 112 900 49 58 102 119 52 61 111 125 76 89 195 177 2,500. ........... 86 101 237 198 3,000. ....... 96 112 278 217 113 132 361 250 122 142 402 265 131 151 444 280 5,500 139 161 485 293 Of the 2,664,000 females of Spanish origin in the five Southwestern States 2,137,000 or approximately 80.2 percent were of Mexican origin as shown in table B. Two-way linear interpolation in table P, first using the type II noneducational factor times the appropriate entries of table P, shows the standard error of 80.2 percent on a base of 2,664,000 to be approximately 3.8 percent. Consequently, chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated 80.2 percent would be within 3.8 percentage points of a complete census figure, and chances are 95 out of 100 that the estimate would be within 7.6 percentage points of a census figure; i.e., this 95-percent confidence interval would be from 72.6 to 87.8 percent. Differences. For a difference between two sample estimates, the standard error is approximately equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the standard errors of each estimate considered separately. This formula will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between two estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated character- istics in the same area. If, however, there is a high positive correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate the true standard error. Illustration of the computation of the standard error of a difference. Detailed table 1 shows that in March 1971 there Table 0. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population of the Total United States— Type I (68 chances out of 100) Estimated percentages Base of percentage 1 2 5 10 25 (thousands) or or or or or 50 99 98 95 90 75 50 2.2 3.1 4.8 6.6 9.5 10.9 60 2.0 2.8 4.4 6.0 8.7 10.0 70 1.8 2.6 4.0 5.6 8.0 9.3 80 1.7 2.4 3.8 5.2 7.5 8.7 90 ...... . 1.6 2.3 3.6 4.9 7.1 8.2 100. 1.5 2.2 3.4 4.6 6.7 7.7 200 1.1 1.5 2.4 3.3 4.7 5.5 300 .9 1.3 1.9 2.7 3.9 4.5 400 ...... .8 1.1 1.7 2.3 3.4 3.9 500. .7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.0 3.5 600 .6 .9 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.2 700 .6 .5 .8 .8 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.9 800 2.7 900 .5 .7 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.6 1,000 .5 .7 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.4 2,000 .3 .5 .8 1.0 1.5 1.7 3,000 .3 .4 .6 .8 1.2 1.4 4,000 .2 .3 .5 .7 1.1 1.2 5,000 .2 .3 .5 .7 .9 1.1 6,000 .2 .3 .4 .6 .9 1.0 7,000 .2 .3 .4 .6 .8 .9 8,000 .2 .2 .4 .5 .7 .9 9,000. .2 .2 .4 .5 .7 .8 9,600 .2 .2 .3 .5 .7 .8 Note: To obtain type II educational entries, multiply corresponding entries of the above table by 1.27. To obtain type 1 1 noneducational entries , multiply the above table entries by 1.77 and for type III entries, multiply by 2.50. were 4,418,000 Spanish origin males in the United States of which 3,126,000, or 70.8 percent, also possessed a Spanish surname. Table 1 also shows that there were 4,539,000 females of Spanish origin in the United States, of which 2,991,000, or 65.9 percent, had Spanish surnames. Thus, the apparent difference in these corresponding percentages of males and females is 70.8 minus 65.9 or 4.9 percent. Table K indicates that breakdowns of table 1 characteristics by sex are type II noneducational characteristics. Therefore, entries of table would be multiplied by 1.77, as indicated, and linear interpo- lation can be used, if necessary, to obtain estimates of the standard errors of the estimated percentages. The standard errors of 70.8 percent and 65.9 percent were both found by the above procedure to be approximately 1.8 percent. The standard e rror of the estim ated difference of 4.9 percent is about 2.5 = >/(1.8) 2 + (1.8) 2 . This means the chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated difference based on the sample would differ from the change derived using complete census figures by less than 2.5 percent. The 68-percent confidence interval around the change is from 2.4 to 7.4, i.e., 4.9 + 2.5. 11 Table P. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population in the Southwest— Type I (68 chances out of 100) Base of Estimated percentages percentage 1 2 5 10 25 (thousands) or or or or or 50 99 98 95 90 75 50 5.9 8.3 13.0 17.8 25.7 29.7 60 5.4 7.6 11.8 16.3 23.5 27.1 70 5.0 7.0 10.9 15.1 21.8 25.1 80 4.7 6.6 10.2 14.1 20.4 23.5 90 4.4 6.2 9.7 13.3 19.2 22.2 100 4.2 3.0 5.9 4.2 9.2 6.5 12.6 8.9 18.2 12.9 21.0 200 14.9 300 2.4 3.4 5.3 7.3 10.5 12.1 400 2.1 2.9 4.6 6.3 9.1 10.5 500 1.9 1.7 2.6 2.4 4.1 3.7 5.6 5.1 8.1 7.4 9.4 600 8.6 700 1.6 2.2 3.5 4.8 6.9 7.9 800 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.5 6.4 7.4 900 1.4 2.0 3.1 4.2 6.1 7.0 1,000 1.3 1.9 2.9 4.0 5.8 6.6 2,000 .9 1.3 2.0 2.8 4.1 4.7 2,500 .8 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.6 4.2 3,000 .8 1.1 1.7 2.3 3.3 3.8 4,000 .7 .9 1.4 2.0 2.9 3.3 4,500 .6 .9 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.1 5,000 .6 .8 1.3 1.8 2.6 3.0 5,500 .6 .8 1.2 1.7 2.5 2.8 Note: To obtain type II education entries, multiply corresponding entries of the above table by 1.31. To obtain type II noneducational en- tries, also multiply the above entries by 1.23 and for type III entries, multiply by 2.37. Table Q. STANDARD ERRORS OF ESTIMATED PERCENTAGES Supplemental Data for the Spanish Population Not in the Southwest (68 chances out of 100) Estimated percentages Base of percentage 1 2 5 10 25 ( thousands) or or or or or 50 99 98 95 90 75 50 2.2 3.1 4.9 6.7 9.7 11.2 60 2.0 2.9 4.4 6.1 8.8 10.2 70 1.9 2.6 4.1 5.7 8.2 9.4 80 1.8 2.5 3.8 5.3 7.6 8.8 90 1.7 2.3 3.6 5.0 7.2 8.3 100 1.6 1.1 2.2 1.6 3.4 2.4 4.7 3.3 6.8 4.8 7.9 200 5.6 300 .9 1.3 2.0 2.7 3.9 4.6 400 .8 1.1 1.7 2.4 3.4 3.9 500. .7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.1 3.5 600 .6 .9 1.4 1.9 2.8 3.2 700 .6 .6 .8 .8 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.7 2.6 2.4 3.0 800 2.8 900 .5 .7 1.1 1.6 2.3 2.6 1,000 .5 .7 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.5 2,000 .4 .5 .8 1.1 1.5 1.8 2,500 .3 .4 .7 .9 1.4 1.6 3,000 .3 .4 .6 .9 1.3 1.4 4,000 .2 .3 .5 .7 1.1 1.2 4,500 .2 .3 .5 .7 1.0 1.2 5,000 .2 .3 .5 .7 1.0 1.1 5,500 .2 .3 .5 .6 .9 1.1 Note: To obtain type II educational entries, multiply corresponding entries of above table by 1.19. To obtain type II noneducational entries, multiply above entries by 1.48 and for type III entries, multiply by 2.51. The 95-percent confidence interval is -0.1 percent to 9.9 percent, i.e., 4.9 ± 2 X (2.5). Since this 95-percent confidence interval includes negative values, we can not conclude with 95-percent confidence that there is a difference between the percentage of Spanish origin males which have a Spanish surname from the corresponding percentage of females. How- ever, the 90-percent confidence interval, i.e., 4.9 ± 1.6 X (2.5) or 0.9 percent to 8.9 percent, does exclude negative values. Medians. The sampling variability of an estimated median depends upon the distribution as well as on the size of the base from which the median is determined. An approximate method for measuring the reliability of a median is to determine an interval about the estimated median, such that there is a stated degree of confidence that the median based on a complete census lies within the interval. The following procedure may be used to estimate confidence limits of a median based on sample data: (1) From table 0, P, or Q, as appropriate, determine the standard error of a 50-percent characteristic, using the appro- priate base; (2) Add to and subtract from 50 percent the standard error determined in step 1; and (3) Using the distribution of the characteristic, read off the confidence interval corresponding to the two points established in step 2. A two-standard error confidence interval may be determined by finding the values corresponding to 50 percent plus and minus twice the standard error determined in step 1. Illustration of the computation of the standard error of a median. Table 6 shows that the median income for all families in the United States with head of Spanish surname was $8,189 in March 1971. The size, or base, of the distribution from which this median was determined was 2,169,000 persons. 1. Table shows that the standard error of 50 percent on a base of 2,169,000 is about 1.6 percent. Note that table K indicates that table 6 data are type I characteristics, so that table can be used as is, rather than having to multiply by the appropriate factor in the note following table 0. 2. To obtain a two-standard error confidence interval on the estimated median initially add to and subtract from 50 percent twice the standard error found in step 1. This yields percentage limits of 46.8 and 53.2. 12 3. From table 6 it can be seen that 33.6 percent of families in the total United States with head of Spanish surname had annual incomes of less than $6,000 and 48.6 percent had annual incomes of less than $8,000. By linear interpolation the lower limit on the estimate is found to be about ^ 46.8-33.6^ Similarly, the upper limit may be found by linear interpolation to be about $8,000+($1 0,000-$8,000) f 53 ^ 8,6 )= $8,639 Thus, the 95-percent confidence interval ranges from $7,760 to $8,639. Computation of the standard error of a ratio. The standard error of a ratio where the numerator and denominator are both sample estimates but the numerator is not a subset of the denominator cannot be read directly from any of the standard error tables. It is possible to approximate the standard error of certain ratios, such as a sex ratio, an aged-child ratio or an age-dependency ratio. This can be done using the formula x/y o x is the standard error of the numerator and o y is the standard error of the denominator of the ratio. Example: The standard error of a sex ratio can be calculated using the above formula where x is the number of males and y is the number of females in the population of interest. The value of o x and of oy can be obtained from tables L, M, or N, depending on the portion of the United States for which the sex ratio has been computed. Since sex ratio data can be obtained from text table I, table K shows that entries of table I are type II noneducational characteristics, so that column 3 (type II noneducational) of table L, M, or N would be used for o x and Oy. The resultant value o x / represents the standard error of the sex ratio. BIBLIOGRAPHY U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P-20, No. 224 "Selected Characteristics of Persons and Families of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Other Spanish Origin: March 1971," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971. , Current Population Reports, P-20, No. 250, "Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States: March 1972 and 1971," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973. , Census of Population 1970, Subject Reports, PC(2)-1C, "Persons of Spanish Origin," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1973. , Census of Population 1970, Subject Reports, PC(2)-1D, "Persons of Spanish Surname," U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1973. The Methods and Materials of Demography, by Henry S. Shryock, Jacob S. Siegel, and Associates; U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 1971. 13 Table 1. PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME, BY TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 (Numbers in thousands) Area and origin by type Male All surnames Number Percent Spanish surname Number Percent Not Spanish surname All surnames Number Percent Number Percent Spanish surname Number Percent Not Spanish surname Number Percent UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish origin FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Other Spanish origin 1 . REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish origin 8,957 5,023 1,450 626 501 1,356 5,345 4,358 987 3,612 66S 1,407 561 406 573 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,117 3,793 913 410 238 764 3,933 3,324 609 469 898 384 181 252 68.3 75.5 63.0 65.5 47.5 56.3 73.6 76.3 61.7 60.5 70.5 63.8 68.4 44.6 44.0 2,839 1,231 537 216 264 592 1,412 1,034 378 1 96 508 177 224 321 31.7 24.5 37.0 34.5 52.7 43.7 26.4 23.7 38.3 39.5 29.5 36.1 31.6 55.2 56.0 4,418 2,562 655 313 235 654 2,681 2,221 461 1,73 7 341 630 282 195 289 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,126 1,948 425 205 132 416 2,018 1,702 316 1,108 246 415 189 106 153 70.8 76.0 64.9 65.5 56.2 63.6 1,292 614 229 108 103 238 76.6 68.5 63.8 72.1 65.9 67.0 54.4 52.9 519 145 629 96 215 93 89 1 36 29.2 24.0 35.0 34.5 43.8 36.4 24.7 23.4 31.5 36.2 28.2 34.1 33.0 45.6 47.1 Area and origin by type All surnames Spanish surname Number Not Spanish surname UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish origin FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Other Spanish origin 1 REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish origin 4,539 2,461 795 313 267 703 2,664 2,137 527 1,875 324 777 279 211 284 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,991 1,845 487 205 106 348 1,915 1,622 293 1,077 223 483 196 76 99 65.9 75.0 61.3 65.5 39.7 49.5 71.9 75.9 55.6 57.4 68.8 62.2 70.3 36.0 34.9 1,547 616 308 108 161 354 749 516 233 34.1 25.0 38.7 34.5 60.3 50.4 101 293 84 135 185 24.1 44.2 42.6 31.2 37.7 30.1 64.0 65.1 1 Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin. 14 Table 2. AGE OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SUR- NAME, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Area and age Total Spanish origin Total Spanish surname 1 Spanish origin Spanish surname Not Spanish surname Not Spanish origin Spani sh surname Not Spanish surname UNITED STATES Total thousands. Percent . Under 18 years. . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . 25 to 44 years. . . . 45 to 64 years . . . . 65 years and over. Median age. FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total thousands. Percent , Under 18 years. . . . 18 to 24 years. . . . 25 to 44 years. . . . 45 to 64 years. . . . 65 years and over. Median age. REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total thousands. . Percent . Under 18 years.... 18 to 24 years. . . . 25 to 44 years. . . . 45 to 64 years. . . . 65 years and over. Median age. 8,957 100.0 45. 11. 26. 12. 3. 20.5 5,345 100.0 47, 12. 24. 12. 3. 19.3 3,612 100.0 43, 10. 28. 13. 3. 22.5 9,575 100.0 43. 11. 24. 15, 5. 21.8 4,850 100.0 47.4 11.9 23.9 13.2 3.6 19.5 4,725 100.0 40.0 11.2 24.6 17.3 6.9 24.3 6,117 100.0 48.0 10.9 24.7 12.9 3.5 19.3 3,933 100.0 49, 11. 23. 12. 3. 18.4 2,184 100.0 45. 9. 26. 14. 4. 21.2 2,839 100.0 41.4 12.9 29.1 13.0 3.7 22.7 1,412 100.0 43. 13, 26.8 12.4 4.0 21.5 1,427 100.0 39.6 12.1 31.5 13.5 3.3 24.0 3,176 100.0 36.3 13.1 23.2 19.2 8.2 25.6 821 100.0 39.3 13.8 24.8 16.8 5.2 23.4 2,356 100.0 35.2 12.8 22.6 20.1 9.3 26.8 175,503 100.0 34.8 11.5 23.3 20.8 9.7 28.2 27,523 100.0 32.8 12.1 24.3 21.8 9.0 29.2 147,981 100.0 35.2 11.4 23.1 20.6 9.8 28.0 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin not shown separately. 15 Table 3. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND BY PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Area, surname, and origin (thou- sands ) Percent distribution by years of school completed Elementary school to 4 years 5 to 7 years 8 years High school 1 to 3 years 4 years College 1 to 3 years 4 years or more Median school years completed UNITED STATES Persons of Spanish surname 1 . Persons of Spanish origin... Of Spanish surname Not of Spanish surname.... Persons not of Spanish origin. Of Spanish surname. Not of Spanish surname FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Persons of Spanish surname 1 . Persons of Spanish origin..... Of Spanish surname. ......... Not of Spanish surname...... Persons not of Spanish origin. Of Spanish surname. Not of Spanish surname...... REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Persons of Spanish surname 1 . Persons of Spanish origin... Of Spanish surname Not of Spanish surname.... Persons not of Spanish origin. Of Spanish surname Not of Spanish surname I , 2SII 3,812 2,513 1,299 95,946 1,610 94,336 1,971 2,145 1,535 610 15,558 385 15,173 2,309 1,667 978 689 80,388 1,225 79,163 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.0 19.5 22.7 13.4 4.1 6.2 1 . 1 20.8 23.0 25.3 17.0 2.8 3.1 15. 18. 10. 4. 7. 4. 16.2 19.2 20.9 15.9 7.9 8.8 7.9 18.0 20.1 21.0 18.0 5.8 7.0 5.7 14.7 17.9 20.7 13.9 8.4 9.4 11.8 12.3 12.8 11.3 12.5 10.9 12.5 10.9 10.8 11.9 8.0 7.7 8.1 7.7 12.6 14.3 14.3 14 .1 13.4 11.8 13.4 16.1 16.5 16.4 16.6 16.8 15.3 16.8 16.2 16.5 16.7 15.9 16.3 13.8 16.4 15.9 16.5 16.1 17.1 16.9 15.8 16.9 26.6 21.7 19.4 26.3 35.3 36.6 35.3 35.2 41.0 35.1 29.1 22.9 20.7 26.0 35.3 35.3 35.3 6.6 6.0 4.7 8.4 11.1 9.8 11.1 7.1 5.6 4.8 7.5 17.2 16.4 17.3 6.2 6.4 4.4 9.3 9.9 7.8 10.0 6.8 4.9 3.2 8.2 12.2 12.4 12.2 3.6 3.2 1.8 6.6 15.0 10.6 15.1 9.4 7.1 5.3 9.6 11.7 12.9 11.7 9.7 8.0 8.0 10 . 1 12.0 12.0 12.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 9.8 12.0 12.0 12.0 10.3 9 3 8 In 4 12 12 12 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. Table 4. MARITAL STATUS OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER, BY SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTH- WESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin Total Spanish Total Spanish Area and or] gin surname 1 Spanish Not Spanish Spanish Not Spanish marital status surname surname surname surname Male Female Male Fern a 1 e Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female UNITED STATES Total, 14 years old 2,679 2,927 3,000 3,217 1,886 1,831 794 1,096 1,020 1,276 60,897 67,262 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 31.4 26.4 32.0 25.7 31.7 28.4 30.7 23.1 33.1 22.9 28.5 22.5 65.2 63.2 64.7 63.8 65.1 62.4 65.4 64.7 63.2 65.3 66.5 61.6 1.8 1.6 6.3 4.1 2.0 1.4 7.1 3.3 2.0 1.3 5.6 3.5 1.1 2.5 7.4 4.9 2.0 1.8 8.9 2.9 2.7 2.3 12.3 3.5 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total, 14 years old 1,593 1,708 1,463 1,552 1,197 1, 172 395 536 236 339 9,762 10,839 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.1 64.5 2.0 28.3 61.8 6.0 32.7 64.2 1.7 27.2 64.2 5.0 32.5 64.2 2.1 29.4 62.1 5.2 31.1 65.6 1.8 25.7 61.2 7.8 34.3 63.1 20.1 72.3 3.5 27.0 67.7 2.1 21.1 61.5 11.6 1.3 3.9 1.4 3.6 1.2 3.2 1.8 5.2 2.5 3.8 3.2 5.8 REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total, 14 years old 1,087 100.0 1,219 100.0 1,538 100.0 1,665 100.0 689 100.0 659 100.0 398 100.0 560 100.0 784 100.0 937 100.0 51,135 100.0 56,423 100.0 30.3 66.2 23.8 65.3 31.2 65.1 24.4 63.5 30.0 66.6 26.6 63.0 30.4 65.6 20.5 68.0 32.8 63.3 23.8 62.6 28.8 66.3 22.8 61.6 1.3 2.1 6.6 4.3 2.3 1.4 9.0 3.1 1.7 1.5 6.4 4.2 0.8 3.5 7.0 4.6 2.6 1.5 10.9 2.6 2.8 2.1 12.5 3.1 Represents zero or rounds to zero. Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. 16 Table5. INCOME IN 1970 OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER, BY SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTH- WESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Spanish origin Not Spanish origin Total Spanish origin Total Spanish surname 1 Area, sex, and income in 1970 Spanish surname Not Spanish surname Spanish surname Not Spanish surname UNITED STATES Male Total, 14 years old and over with 2,355 100.0 35.6 2,693 100.0 34.6 1,662 100.0 36.3 694 100.0 33.9 94 2 100.0 31.5 56,223 100.0 32.1 $4 , 000 to $7,999 40.0 35.3 39.5 41.1 28.6 26.6 21.2 25.2 22.0 19.2 30.3 31.6 3.2 4.8 2.1 5.9 9.8 9.7 $5,352 $5,714 $5,289 $5,499 $6,741 $6,781 Female Total, 14 years old and over with 1,661 1,937 1,025 636 838 45,066 100.0 74.4 21.9 100.0 73.5 22.0 100.0 80.3 17.7 100.0 65.1 28.8 100.0 65.6 27.1 100.0 $1 to $3,999 or loss 68.4 24.4 $8 , 000 to $14 , 999 3.4 0.2 $2,168 4.1 0.4 $2,139 1.9 0.3 $1,939 6.0 0.2 $2,711 6.9 0.5 $2,596 6.6 $15,000 or more 0.7 $2,321 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Male Total, 14 years old and over with 1,401 1,299 1,058 343 214 9,041 100.0 39.5 37.5 21.4 1.5 $5,072 100.0 38.9 34.9 23.5 2.8 $5,223 100.0 40.2 36.9 22.1 0.9 $5,019 100.0 37.6 39.4 19.2 3.5 $5,225 100.0 32.2 25.7 29.4 12.6 $6,766 100.0 $1 to $3,999 or loss 30.2 $4 , 000 to $7 , 999 23.2 $8,000 to $14,999 34.3 12.3 $7,452 Fema 1 e Total, 14 years old and over with 924 887 630 294 229 7,349 100.0 79.0 17.9 2.7 100.0 78.0 18.5 3.3 100.0 85.7 12.2 1.4 100.0 64.6 29.9 5.4 100.0 59.4 33.2 7.4 100.0 $1 to $3,999 or loss 65.4 $4 , 000 to $7,999 25.4 $8,000 to $14,999.. 8.3 $15,000 or more 0.3 $1 , 808 0.3 $1,813 0.5 $1,641 $2,635 $2,960 0.9 $2,631 REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Male Total, 14 years old and over with 955 100.0 29.8 43.6 20.8 5.7 1,394 100.0 30.8 35.7 26.9 6.7 604 100.0 29.6 44.2 21.9 4.3 351 100.0 30.2 42.7 19.1 8.0 727 100.0 31.2 29.3 30.5 8.9 47,182 100.0 $1 to $3,999 or loss 32.4 27.3 $8, 000 to $14 , 999 31.1 9.1 $5,688 $6,185 $5,662 $5,736 $6,735 $6,674 Female Total, 14 years old and over with 737 100.0 68.8 1,050 100.0 69.7 396 100.0 71.2 34 2 100.0 65.5 609 100.0 68.0 37,717 100.0 69.0 27.0 25.0 26.3 27.8 24.6 24.2 4.2 5.0 2.5 6.1 6.7 6.2 0.1 0.4 _ 0.3 0.7 0.6 $2,768 $2,554 $2,769 $2,766 $2,492 $2,259 Represents zero or rounds to zero. 'includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. 17 Table 6. INCOME IN 1970 OF FAMILIES WITH HEAD OF SPANISH ORIGIN OR WITH HEAD OF SPANISH SURNAME, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Total (thou- sands) Percent Family income in 1970 Families Under $2,000 $2,000 to ■1 I ,iiii(i to $6,000 to $8,000 to $10,000 to $15,000 to $25,000 or Median income $3,999 $5,999 $7,999 $9,999 $14,999 $24,999 more UNITED STATES 51,953 2,169 100.0 100.0 4.5 5.2 9.3 13.5 11.1 14.9 12.3 15.0 13.6 11.1 26.8 22.6 17.7 11.5 4.6 2.9 $ 9,869 8,189 Total families with head of Spanish surname.. Total families with head of Spanish origin... 1,954 100.0 6.2 14.1 18.5 16.2 14.4 20.7 8.8 1.2 7,380 1,352 602 101). 100.0 5.8 7.1 14.3 13.6 18.6 18.6 16.6 15.3 15.2 12.3 20.4 21.3 8.1 10.1 1.0 1.5 7,369 7,391 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES 9,165 1,018 100.0 100 . 3.9 6.0 9.4 15.8 10.7 16.4 12.0 15.9 13.0 14.4 27.0 20.8 19.2 9.2 4.8 1.5 10,179 Total families with head of Spanish surname.. 7,481 Total families with head of Spanish origin... 1,118 100 . 6.9 15.1 18.0 16.2 14.8 21.1 7.2 0.7 7,238 826 292 100.0 100.0 6.3 8.6 16.1 12.3 17.9 18.2 16.8 14.4 15.5 13.0 19.6 25.3 7.3 7.5 0.6 1.0 7 151 7,524 REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES 42,788 1,511 100.0 100.0 4.7 4.3 9.3 11.5 11.2 13.6 12.4 14.2 13.7 14.3 26.8 24.2 17.4 13.6 4.6 4.1 9,812 Total families with head of Spanish surname.. 8,879 Total families with head of Spanish origin... 836 100.0 5.4 12.7 19.3 16.1 13.8 20.2 10.8 1.8 7,570 525 311 100.0 ioo.o 5.0 6.4 11.4 14.8 19.6 19.0 16.2 16.1 14.9 11.9 21.7 17.4 9.5 12.5 1.7 2.3 7,729 7,220 Table 7. PERCENT CURRENT LANGUAGE USAGE OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY TYPE AND SURNAME, FOR THE UNITED STATES THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Area, surname, and origin by type All persons Spanish current lan- guage Spanish not current lan- guage Lan- guage no1 re- ported Spanish surname Spanish current lan- guage Spanish Lan- not guage current not lan- re- guage ported Not Spanish surname Total Spanish current lan- guage Spanish not current lan- guage Lan- guage ported UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Other Spanish 1 . REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total, Spanish origin. Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central or South American. Other Spanish 100.0 100.0 IOO.O 100.0 100.0 11)0. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 69.7 70.6 85.4 89.9 66.3 41.7 70.6 73 .5 57.2 68.5 51.1 86.0 89.5 68.0 25.3 27 .7 28.4 10.8 8.1 22 .4 53.9 25.6 41.4 26.5 47.2 10.1 8.4 18.2 66.0 2.6 1.0 3.8 1 .9 11.4 4.4 0.9 1.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 74.0 72.6 86.2 93.9 71.8 56.0 75.5 64.2 74.5 52 .5 86.4 93.5 75.1 42.9 24.5 26.6 9.3 3.9 27.3 42.8 23.9 36.0 22.4 45.6 9.1 4.2 23.2 53.2 0.8 4.5 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.7 3.2 1.9 4.6 2.3 1.1 3.6 100.0 ioo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ioo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.5 64.3 83.8 82.4 61.4 23.3 67.4 46.3 59.4 48.0 85.4 80.8 62 .1 11.5 34.5 34.2 13.4 16.2 17.8 68.2 31.1 50.5 L2 17 1 1 75 5.0 1.5 2.8 1.4 20.5 8.6 1.5 2.9 7.9 1.5 2.8 1.7 23.7 12.8 - Represents zero or rounds to zero. 'includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin. 18 Table 8. SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC MEASURES OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND OF PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTH- WESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Total Spanish origin Total Spanish surname Spanish origin Not Spanish origin Area and measure Spanish surname Not Spanish surname Spanish surname Not Spanish surname UNITED STATES 97.3 7.7 97.8 100.6 7.0 104.2 92.6 8.9 89.0 96.6 12.0 95.9 98.6 7.6 104.1 94.4 17.3 88.2 104.5 7.3 106.1 105.4 6.2 110.2 102.9 9.1 99.0 83.5 8.9 81.9 88.5 9.4 89.2 78.8 8.3 75.1 83.4 22.7 80.2 73.0 13.3 80.4 87.4 26.4 80.1 93.8 Aged-child ratio 3 27 9 80.1 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Sex ratio 2 93.6 Aged-child ratio 3 27.5 71.9 REMAINDER OF UNITED STATES Sex ratio 2 93.9 Aged-child ratio 3 27.9 Age-dependency ratio 4 81.7 1 Includes persons who did not know or report on origin, not shown separately. 2 Number of men per 100 women. 3 Number of persons 65 years old and over per every 100 persons under 18 years old. 4 Number of persons under 18 years old and 65 years old and over per every 100 persons 18 to 64 years old. Table 9. PERSONS OF SPANISH SURNAME BY ETHNIC ORIGIN, FOR THE UNITED STATES, THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES, AND THE REMAINDER: MARCH 1971 Total Percent distribution Ethnic origin Area and sex Don' t know or not re- ported (thou- sands) Total Spanish German Italian Irish French English, Scotch, or Welsh Other UNITED STATES Tot al 9,575 4 , 704 100.0 100.0 63.9 66.5 2.3 2.1 6.0 6.3 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.4 2.7 18.1 16.9 2.9 2.8 4,872 100.0 61.4 2.5 5.8 2.7 1.3 4.0 19.2 3.0 FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES Total 4,850 2,408 100.0 100.0 81.1 83.8 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 2.5 1.9 10.7 9.4 2.0 1.8 2,442 100.0 78.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.7 3.0 11.9 2.2 RENAINDER OF UNITED STATES Total 4,725 2,295 2,430 100.0 100.0 100.0 46.2 48.3 44.3 3.7 3.6 3.8 11.0 11.6 10.4 2.9 1.8 4.0 2.2 2.4 2.0 4.3 3.7 5.0 25.7 24.8 26.6 3.9 3.9 4.0 We Have The Facts You Need For . . . 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