Czs". <* : (3c2 OLLEGE LIBRARY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION AND NAVIGATION OCEAN AND COASTWISE GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS PRESCRIBED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS February 1942 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE JESSE H. JONES, Secretary BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION AND NAVIGATION R. S. FIELD, Director OCEAN AND COASTWISE (Title 46, C. F. R., Parts 59 to 65, Inclusive) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS PRESCRIBED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS February 1942 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/oceancoastwisetiOOunit CONTENTS Page Preface iv Subchapter G — Ocean and Coastwise: General Rules and Regulations. Part 59. Boats, rafts, bulkheads, and lif esaving appliances (ocean) 1 60. Boats, rafts, bulkheads, and lifesaving appliances (coastwise) 45 6 1 . Fire apparatus ; fire prevention 57 62. Licensed officers and certificated men 75 63. Inspection of vessels 113 64. Duties of inspectors 125 65. Steam yachts 129 APPENDIX Registration of staff officers 131 Index i 136 (ni) PREFACE The material contained in this subchapter is a compilation of and supersedes Rule III to VIII, inclusive, of the "General Rules and Regulations Prescribed by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors, Ocean and Coastwise," March 2, 1931, edition, and all amendments thereto as set forth in Supplement II, dated May 5, 1939, and subsequent amendments published in the Bureau Bulletin and the Federal Register. The rules and regulations covering boilers, pressure vessels, and appurtenances (which include castings, steam piping, valves, mount- ings, fittings, etc., and the design, construction, installation, and inspection thereof) are contained in a separate publication entitled "Marine Engineering Regulations and Material Specifications." None of the regulations in this publication apply to tank vessels or tank barges, as these vessels are covered in a separate volume entitled "Tank Vessels." All rules and regulations contained herein, having been adopted by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors (with the exception of the regulations covering "Registration of Staff Officers," given in Appendix A, which are prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce) and approved by the Secretary of Commerce, have the force of law. The regulations in this publication are set forth in the same style as that used in the Code of Federal Regulations. They are divided into seven parts which closely correspond to Rules III to VIII, inclusive, of the General Rules and Regulations Prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, March 2, 1931, edition. This relationship and the titles of the seven parts are shown in the following table: Code of Federal Regulations, title 46, ch. I, pt. No. 50 (.0 61 62 63 64 65 Subject Boats, Rafts, Bulkheads, and Lifesaving Appliances (Ocean) Boats, Rafts, Bulkheads, and Lifesaving Appliances (Coastwise) Fire Apparatus; Fire Prevention Licensed Officers and Certificated Men Inspection of Vessels _. Duties of Inspectors Steam Yachts General Rules and Regula- tions, Ocean and Coastwise, corresponding rule No. Ill, Ocean. Ill, Coastwise. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Each part is further subdivided, into sections, paragraphs, etc. The arrangement of the material in each part is similar to that given in the corresponding rule of the old regulations. (IV) TITLE 46— SHIPPING CHAPTER I— BUREAU OF MARINE INSPECTION AND NAVIGATION SUBCHAPTER G— OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS PART 59— BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) Sec. 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.3a 59.4 59.4a 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.8 59.9 59.10 59.10a 59.11 59.11a 59.12 59.13 59.14 59.15 59.16 69.17 69.18 59.19 69.20 59.21 59.22 59.23 59.24 59.25 59.26 59.27 59.28 69.29 Ocean steamers. 59.30 Davits required. 59.31 Strength and operation of davits. 59.32 Mechanical means for lowering. Lifeboats required: Vessels of classes (a) and (b). 59.33 Buoyant apparatus required. 59.3i Motor-propelled lifeboats. 59.35 Lifeboats required on vessels of class (c). 59.36 Carrying of lifeboats on vessels of classes (a) and (b). 59.37 Lifeboats required on inspected motor vessels. 59.38 Lifeboat and other equipment required on sail vessels. 59.39 Lifeboats and their equipment required on inspected 59.40 seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or over. 59.41 General requirements as to equipment for lifeboats, life rafts, 59.42 and buoyant apparatus. Lifeboat equipment. 59.43 Motor lifeboat equipment. 59.44 Standard types of boats. 69.45 Drawings, specifications, name plate. 69.46 Inspection of lifeboats when built. 59.47 Construction of metallic lifeboats of class 1A. 59.48 Construction of wooden lifeboats. 59.50 Open boats with internal and external buoyancy; class IB. 59.52 Lundin and Lane lifeboats. 59.53 Boats equivalent to boats of class IB. 59.54 Pontoon boats in which persons cannot be accommodated 59.54a below deck, having a well deck and fixed watertight bul- 59.54b warks; class IC. 59.55 Boats of the second class. 59.56 Open boats having the upper part of the sides collapsible; 69.57 class 2A. 59.60 Pontoon boats having a well deck and collapsible bulwarks; 59.61 class 2B. 59.62 Pontoon boats in which persons cannot be accommodated 69.63 below deck, having a flush deck and collapsible bulwarks; 59.64 class 2C. 69.64a Arrangements for clearing pontoon lifeboats of water. 59.65 Type of boat equivalent to boat of class 2. 59.66 Brude lifeboat. 59.67 Capacity and allowance of Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats. 59.68 Newcomb inclosed lifeboat. Air tanks of lifeboats. Cubic capacity of open boats of the first class. Deck area of pontoon boats and open boats of the second class. Capacity limits. Equivalents for and weight of the persons. Numbering and marking of lifeboats. Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching. Blocks and falls. Care of lifeboats. Tests of lifeboats at annual inspection. Size of boats. Handling of boats and rafts. Life rafts: Drawings, specifications, name plate, and how marked. Inspection of life rafts when built. Construction of rafts of the catamaran type. Tests of air tanks of life rafts. Care of life rafts. Approved life rafts. Clark life rafts. Capacity and allowance of life rafts. Equipment for life rafts. Certificated lifeboatmen; manning of boats. Manning of the boats. Buoyant apparatus. Equipment for buoyant apparatus. Life preservers. Ring life buoys. Self-igniting water lights. Line-carrying guns and equipment. Line-throwing appliances. Extra steering apparatus. Embarkation aids. Bulkheads on passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons. Bulkheads on passenger vessels 100 gross tons and over. Means of escape from steamers. Storm oil. Vessel's name on equipment. Disengaging apparatus. Section 59.1 Ocean steamers. Under this designation shall be included all steam vessels navigating the waters of any ocean or the Gulf of Mexico more than 20 nautical miles offshore. For the purpose of apportioning lifeboat, life-raft, and davit equipment upon ocean steam vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine inspection and Navi- gation, they shall be divided into the following classes: (a) Passenger steam vessels. (6) Passenger steam vessels the keels of which are laid after July 1, 1915. (c) Cargo steam vessels and all other steam vessels navigating the waters of any ocean, unless hereinafter provided for. 59.2 Davits required. Vessels of classes (a) and (6) shall be equipped with davits in accordance with the following table: (G-l) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL BULES AND REGULATIONS Registered length of ship in feet Minimum number of sets of davits Minimum number of open boats of the first class Minimum capacity of lifeboats 100 and less than 120 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 24 26 26 28 28 30 30 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 9 9 10 10 12 12 13 13. 14 14 15 15 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 Cubic feel 980 1,220 1, 550 1,880 2,390 2,740 3,330 3,900 4,560 5, 100 5, 640 6,190 6,930 7,550 8,290 9,000 9, 630 10, 650 11,700 13, 060 14, 430 15,920 17,310 18, 720 20, 350 21, 900 23, 700 25, 350 27, 050 28, 560 30, 180 32, 100 34, 350 36, 450 38, 750 41,000 43, 880 46, 350 48, 750 120 and less than 140. _ 140 and less than 160 160 and less than 175 . _ ... 175 and less than 190. 190 and less than 205. _ . 205 and less than 220 220 and less than 230. . 230 and less than 245 . 245 and less than 255 255 and less than 270. _ .. ... 270 and less than 285 285 and less than 300. ■. 300 and less than 315. . 315 and less than 330 330 and less than 350 .. . . .. 350 and less than 370 370 and less than 390 390 and less than 410 410 and less than 435 ... 435 and less than 460.. . .. .. 460 and less than 490 490 and less than 520 520 and less than 550 .__ _. 550 and less than 580 .... .. .. .. .. 580 and less than 610 610 and less than 640 640 and less than 670 670 and less than 700.. . . _. ... 700 and less than 730. . . _ . 730 and less than 760 . 760 and less than 790. . 790 and less than 820 820 and less than 855 . 855 and less than 890 890 and less than 925 925 and less than 960_ - - 960 and less than 995 995 and less than 1,030 _. _ __ The minimum number of sets of davits is fixed in relation to the length of the vessel; provided that a number of sets of davits greater than the number of boats necessary for the accommodation of all the persons on board may not be required. 59.3 Strength and operation of davits, (a) The davits shall be of such strength that the boats can be lowered with their full complement of persons and equipment, the vessel being assumed to have a list of 15°. (b) The davits shall be fitted with a gear of sufficient power to insure that the boat can be turned out against the maximum list under which the lowering of the boats is possible on the vessel in question. (c) The Secretary of Commerce is authorized by the Seamen's Act (sec. 14, 38 Stat. 1 178, 1 181 ; 46 U. S. C. 481 ) hi specific cases to exempt existing vessels from the requirements of this section that the davits shall be of such strength and shall be fitted with a gear of sufficient power to insure that the boats can be lowered with their full complement of persons and equip- ment, the vessel being assumed to have a list of 15°, where their strict application would not be practicable or reasonable. (d) Each set of davits shall have a boat of the first class attached to it, provided that the number of open boats of the first class attached to davits shall not be less than the minimum number fixed by the preceding table. (e) If it is neither practicable nor reasonable to place on a vessel the minimum number of sets of davits required, a smaller number of sets of davits may be fitted, provided always that this number shall never be lesss than the minimum number of open boats of the first class required by the table. If a large proportion of the persons on board is accommodated in boats whose length is greater than 50 feet, a further reduction in the number of sets of (G-2) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) davits may be allowed exceptionally, if the arrangements are in all respects satisfactory: Provided, however, That in all cases in which a reduction in the minimum number of sets of davits or other equivalent appliances required by the rules is allowed, the owner of the vessel in question shall be required to prove, by a test made in the presence of an officer designated by the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, that all the boats can be efficiently launched in a minimum time. The conditions of this test shall be as follows: (1) The vessel is to be upright and in smooth water. (2) The time is the time required from the beginning of the removal of the boat covers, or any other operation necessary to prepare the boats for lowering, until the last boat or pontoon raft is afloat. (3) The number of men employed in the whole operation shall not exceed the total number of boat hands that will be carried on the vessel under normal service conditions. (4) Each boat when being lowered shall have on board at least two men and its full equipment as required by this part and Part 60. (5) The time allowed for this test shall not exceed 10 minutes. (f) Vessels of class (c) shall be equipped with davits or other practicable means for properly launching the lifeboats. Mechanical davits, when installed on vessels of class (c), shall be subject to all the tests required by this section. (g) No type or make of mechanical or gravity davit shall be used unless it has first been approved by the Board. (h) No mechanical davits of a character which require manual or other power to turn the boats out to the position for lowering into the water shall be fitted on any vessel the keel of which is laid after September 1, 1941, if such davits are to handle a lifeboat which, without its complement of persons on board, but having on board all air tanks and other lifeboat equipment, exceeds 5,000 pounds total weight: i. e. 2,500 pounds for a single davit arm. An exemption to this requirement may be granted during the period of the national emergency, proclaimed by the President on May 27, 1941, if evidence is presented to the Bureau to substantiate a claim that compliance with this requirement would materially delay the completion and delivery of the vessel. (i) Davits of an approved type, which are capable of swinging the boats into the lower- ing position without the application of any effort or external force other than that necessary to operate the releasing mechanism, allowing the boat to move from the stowed position to the lowering position by the force of gravity, shall be provided to handle all lifeboats the total weight of which, including air tanks and lifeboat equipment, but without the complement of persons on board, exceeds 5,000 pounds. (j) Where steel castings are used for davit frames or davit arms this material shall be fully annealed and comply with the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39 and A-215-39T) Tensile strength minimum psi 66, 000 Yield point minimum psi 33, 000 Elongation in 2 inches minimum percent 22 Reduction of area minimum percent 33 (k) Chemical composition for castings not intended to be fusion welded. (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39) Manganese maximum percent 1. 00 Phosphorus maximum percent . 05 Sulphur maximum percent . 06 (G-3) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (/) Chemical composition of castings intended to be fabricated by fusion welding. (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-215-39T) Carbon maximum percent 0. 30 Manganese maximum percent . 70 Phosphorus maximum percent . 05 Sulphur maximum percent . 06 Silicon maximum percent . 50 (m) Where structural steel is used for the fabrication of davit frames or davit arms the material shall conform to the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-131-39) Tensile strength psi 60, 000 to 72, 000 Yield point minimum psi 0. 5 T. S. .. . . . . . 1, 500, 000 Elongation m 8 inches minimum percent Ten. Str. Elongation in 2 inches minimum percent 22 (n) Where welding is employed in the construction of davits, the welders shall be qualified by the Bureau. (o) All moving parts of davits shall be provided with bushings of nonferrous metal, roller or ball bearings properly lubricated. (p) An inspector shall be present at the foundry where castings are made to witness the tensile and bend tests prescribed. The manufacturer shall furnish an affidavit stating that the required tests for annealing have been made. When the inspector has satisfied himself that such castings comply with the requirements, he shall stamp the davit arm and frame with the letters B. M. I. N., the initials of his name and the letters F. T., and date of inspection. (g) Each davit and frame shall be tested for strength and operation at the place of manufacture in the presence of an inspector. (r) All mechanical and gravity davit arms or frames shall be tested at the extreme outboard position by suspending from the eye or end of each davit arm a weight equal to the weight of the fully loaded and equipped boat (including full complement of persons at 165 pounds each) for which the davit is to be approved, plus 10 percent. Under this test, a davit arm or frame shall show no permanent set or undue deflection. While this test is being conducted, the frame and arms, if of cast material, shall be subjected to a test by being hammered to satisfy the inspector that the castings are sound and without flaw. (s) While this test load is suspended, the operating gear of mechanical davits shall be tested by being operated from inboard to the extreme outboard position with the same operating crank or device used in actual practice aboard ship. (t) The manufacturer shall affix to the davit arm and frame a heavy plate giving the name of manufacturer, date of inspection, serial number, capacity load, space for the inspector's initials, and the letters B. M. I. N. After the inspector has satisfied himself that the assembled installation meets the requirements, he shall stamp the manufacturer's plates with his initials. Each set of davits shall be marked with identical serial numbers by the manufacturer. (u) No davit arm or frame comprising mechanical or gravity davits shall be placed on board any vessel until all of the requirements of the rules of this section have been fully complied with. Whenever mechanical or gravity davits or parts of davits, such as davit arms, or frames, are installed on vessels, to take the place of davits, davit arms, or frames (G-4) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) which have become damaged or broken, such davits or frames shall have the manufacturer's name plate affixed thereto. 59.3a. Mechanical means for lowering, (a) On all passenger vessels where the height of a boat deck exceeds 20 feet from the lightest seagoing draft, wire falls and mechanical means for lowering shall be provided for each set of davits. (6) Winches, proposed for use in new installations, shall be of approved type and those which are contracted for on or after January 1, 1942 shall, in addition to conforming to the following requirements, be subjected to the shop test with a 100 percent overload and opened up for examination prior to Board approval. (c) Plans and detail specifications of all lifeboat winches shall be submitted by the manufacturer to the Board for type approval. The plans shall show dimensions of all parts and complete bill of material used in the construction of the winches. {d) Inspection openings shall be provided in the winch housing or the housing shall be so arranged to permit examination. Screws, bolts, nuts, pins, etc., used in the internal and brake assemblies, shall be fitted with lock washers, cotter pins, or suitable backing stops. (e) Worm gears, spur gears, or a combination of both may be used in the construction of the lifeboat winches. All gears shall be machine cut and constructed of steel, bronze, or other suitable materials. The use of cast iron for gears is not permitted. Gears shall be press-fitted on the shaft, and keys shall be properly fitted and secured. (J) Motor clutches, when used, shall be of either frictional or positive engaging type. When one motor is used for two winches, the clutch shall be so arranged that only one winch shall be engaged at any one time. The clutch operating lever shall be capable of remaining in any position when subject to vibration, and shall be so arranged that when in neutral position both lifeboats may be lowered simultaneously. (g) Winch drums for gravity davits shall be designed with grooves so that not more than one layer of the falls winds on the drum. Drums shall be so arranged as to keep the falls separated. The design shall also provide that the falls will be paid-out at the same rate. (h) Winch drums for mechanical davits shall be designed with a minimum diameter of 16 times the diameter of the falls. (i) All drums shall be properly flanged and the falls securely fastened. The use of connecting devices between the drums shall not be permitted unless bolted locking mechanism is provided. (j) Each winch shall be provided with two brakes, one of which shall be a hand brake, the other a governor brake to automatically control the lowering speed of the lifeboat. The hand brake shall be arranged with a lever and counterweight so that when the lever is raised the brake is released and when the lever is lowered the counterweight will set the brake. The governor brake shall be designed so as to insure that the maximum rate of lowering consistent with safety is not exceeded, this, in general, shall not exceed one hundred feet per minute. External brake bands shall be made of corrosive resistant metal suitably lined. Internal brakes may be of the metallic shoe type. The brake drums shall be of steel. (k) Bearings, gears, and other working parts shall be designed for and provided with positive means of lubrication. Worm gears shall operate in an oil bath. Means shall be provided so that the oil level in the gear casings may be checked. Manufacturers shall furnish a lubrication chart for each type of winch. (Z) Winches shall be designed so that they will operate by gravity when lowering. When vessels are fitted with nested lifeboats, special arrangements shall be provided to prevent boat falls from fouling on the drum when they are being recovered and means shall be pro- vided for quick recovery of the falls by hand. (m) Boat winches shall be provided with means so that the falls may be overhauled by (G-5) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS hand. These means must be in addition to hand cranks, and may consist of a hand grab rim on the brake shaft or brake drum. (ri) Where power-driven winches are used with gravity davits, positive means of auto- matically cutting off the power to the winch shall be fitted to stop the travel of the lifeboat and cradle before reaching final stowed postition, to prevent damage to installation. (0) Where power-driven winches are used with other type davits, the positive means for controlling power to the winch shall be by a master switch or controller so arranged that the operator must hold the master switch or controller in the "on or hoist" position for hoist- ing, and when released will immediately shut off the power. (p) Every winch shall be fitted with a name plate of noncorrosive material, giving the maximum loads approved, the date the winch was passed, the type, serial number and the manufacturer's symbol. This plate is to be stamped with the inspector's initials, and the letters B. M. I. N. (g) Suitable covers shall be provided, so fitted that ice formation may be readily broken adrift when necessary to operate the winch. (r) Shop test: Each winch shall be subject to the following test: (1) Winches shall be set up to simulate a ship installation. (2) Winches shall be capable of lowering, without undue strain or distortion, a test weight of 10 percent overload, based on the weight of the largest boat the winch is intended to handle, together with regular equipment and full number of persons (165 pounds for each person). The number of parts to the fall should be recorded. (3) Brake shall be capable of stopping and holding the test weight at any point by the action of the counterweight alone. (4) While the weight is being lowered through a range of not less than 20 feet, stops shall be made at intervals of several feet. Brakes exposed to the weather shall also be tested under the load lowering condition with the braking surface wetted. (5) Winch must be capable of limiting the speed of lowering. This should not in general exceed 100 feet per minute. (s) Installation tests: Upon completion of the installation of all mechanical means for lowering lifeboats, and before the vessel is certificated for service, the following tests and ex- aminations shall be made in the presence of an inspector: (1) Swing lifeboat out from chocks and lower to level for loading, at which point lifeboat shall be loaded with dead weight equivalent to the number of persons allowed (165 pounds per person) together with weight of equipment, plus 10 percent of the total load. The boat should then be lowered to water, stopping at approximately 6-foot intervals by action of the counterweight alone. During this test the following observations should also be made: (i) Brake action shall be smooth, but positive. Brakes exposed to the weather shall also be tested under the load lowering condition with the braking surface wetted. (ii) Counterweight shall be capable of stopping and holding boat when released. (iii) Winch shall be capable of controlling the speed of lowering. This should not in general exceed 100 feet per minute. (iv) No part of lowering gear shall show any distress under load. (v) Deck under winch and davits must be of sufficient strength to prevent any undue stress of the deck under load. (vi) Mechanical davits shall swing to extreme outboard position without slacking winch brake. (vii) Action of governor brake and lowering speed permitted by same should be noted. (viii) Determine that falls are of sufficient length to lower lifeboats to light load line with vessel listed to 15° either way. (G-6) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) (2) If nested boats are used, the hand operated quick recovery mechanism shall be tested and the action must be easy enough to permit one man to recover falls. (3) A report of the results of the installation tests covering all the above points shall be recorded. 59.4 Lifeboats required: Vessels of classes (a) and (b). Vessels of classes (a) and (b) shall be equipped with lifeboats in accordance with the preceding table, provided that such vessels shall not be required to carry more lif eboat capacity than is necessary to accommodate all persons on board. If the lifeboats attached to davits do not provide accommodations for the vessel's actual complement of passengers and crew, additional lifeboats of one of the standard types shall be installed to accommodate all persons on board, or to bring the comple- ment of lifeboat capacity up to the minimum provided by the table, or to 75 percent of the complement of people on board, whichever is the greater. The remainder of the required equipment shall be provided by lifeboats of one of the standard types or approved life rafts. One of the lifeboats on each side of a vessel shall be of suitable size and design for doing emergency work at sea. Each of these boats shall be provided with at least four life lines fitted to a span between the davit heads of sufficient length to reach the water at the vessel's lightest seagoing draft. A releasing gear of the type which may be unhooked under tension is recommended in these boats. A sea painter should be passed along forward on the vessel when at sea and in the lifeboat a long eye, strop, and toggle should be fitted. 59.4a Buoyant apparatus required. On and after January 1, 1936, approved buoyant apparatus sufficient to accommodate 25 percent of all persons on board shall be required in addition to the lifesaving equipment specified above. Buoyant apparatus shall be stowed as follows: (a) They shall not impede in any way prompt handling of lifeboats, or the marshaling of persons on board at launching stations. (b) They shall be stowed in such manner as to be readily launched. (c) They shall not be secured to the deck except by lashings which can be easily slipped ; but they may be stowed in tiers one above the other, in which case the separate units shall be kept apart sufficiently to prevent sticking together, and supported on suitable distance pieces. (d) Means shall be provided to prevent shifting. (e) Discretionary with the Bureau, the amount above required may be reduced when it is of the opinion that the construction, type and route of individual vessels warrant a reduction. (/) Where buoyant apparatus has been supplied and is now in use on vessels built in conformity with the rules of the Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1929, in good condition, and the apparatus conforms to the specifications of the convention, it may be kept in use on the ship for which it was originally supplied. 59.5 Motor-propelled lifeboats. All passenger vessels certificated for ocean service shall be provided, as part of their regular equipment, with motor-propelled lifeboats as follows: (a) Ships of more than 2,500 gross tons, plying routes on which they are at any point more than 200 miles offshore, shall be provided with one motor-propelled lifeboat. (6) Ships on which the number of lifeboats carried is more than 13 shall be provided with one motor-propelled lifeboat. (c) Where the number of lifeboats carried is more than 19, 2 shall be motor-propelled lifeboats. (d) Any lifeboat certified to carry 60 or more persons shall, if not one of the motor life- boats required above, be motor-propelled or fitted with a hand-operated propeller. (e) Motor-propelled lifeboats shall comply with the requirements for a lifeboat of class (G-7) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 1 ; and the volume of the internal buoyancy and, where fitted, the external buoyancy shall be increased in sufficient proportion to compensate for the difference between the weight of the motor, the searchlight, and the radiotelegraph installation and their accessories, and the weight of the additional persons which the boat could accommodate if the motor, search- light, and the radiotelegraph installation and their accessories were removed. 59.6 Lifeboats required on vessels of class (c). (a) Cargo vessels shall carry a suffi- cient number of lifeboats on each side to accommodate all persons on board. (6) Towing, fishing, and wrecking vessels, and vessels in special service not carrying passengers or cargo, shall carry sufficient lifeboats to accommodate all persons on board, and the following types of boats may be used in lieu of the standard lifeboats: (1) Vessels engaged exclusively in the business of purse seining may use their wooden seine boats. (2) Vessels engaged exclusively in the business of wrecking may use their wooden surf boats. (3) Vessels engaged exclusively in the business of hook-and-line fishing from dories may use their dories when such dories are fitted with air tanks of sufficient capacity to meet the ride for necessary air-tank equipment. 59.7 Carrying of lifeboats on vessels of classes (a) and (b). All vessels of classes (a) and (b) except those fitted with mechanical davits, shall, when the weather permits, have one of their lifeboats swung out on each side while at sea, brailed into a boom or rail, and ready for immediate use. 59.8 Lifeboats required on inspected motor vessels. All vessels propelled by ma- chinery other than steam, subject to the inspection laws of the United States, shall be required to have the same lifeboat and life-raft equipment as steamers of the same class, and local inspectors shall so indicate in the certificate of inspection. Motor vessels under 50 tons, when navigating in daylight only, and when equipped with air tanks under deck of sufficient capacity to sustain afloat the vessel when full of water with her full complement of passengers and crew, or when properly subdivided by iron or steel watertight bulkheads of sufficient strength and so arranged and located that the vessel will remain afloat with her full complement of passengers and crew with any two compartments open to the sea, shall be required to have not less than 100 cubic feet of lifeboat capacity. 59.9 Lifeboat and other equipment required on sail vessels. Sail vessels carrying passengers on the ocean under the provisions of R. S. 4417, as amended by the Act of Con- gress approved March 3, 1905, shall be subject to the same requirements for lifeboat capacity as ocean steamers of the same class, and in addition thereto they shall be equipped with a life preserver for each and every person on board. 59.10 Lifeboats and their equipment required on inspected seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or over. The lifeboats required on seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or over shall be of an approved type of at least 80 cubic feet capacity and equipped as follows: (a) Boat hooks. Two boat hooks of clear-grained white ash of suitable length but not less than 8 feet long by 1% inches in diameter. (b) Bucket. One galvanized iron bucket of about 2-gallon capacity with lanyard attached. (c) Life line. One life line properly secured the entire length on each side, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet with a seine float in each bight. (d) Life preservers. Two life preservers in addition to the vessel's complement of life preservers. (e) Oars. Four oars and one steering oar. (f) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference, (G-8) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) and of a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light seagoing draft. (g) Plugs. Drain holes, fitted with automatic plugs, shall be provided with two caps attached by chains. (h) Rowlocks. Not less than four rowlocks attached to lifeboat by separate chains. (i) Drinking cup. One enameled drinking cup. (j ) Water breakers. Wooden breakers or suitable tanks fitted with spigots for drawing water and containing at least 1 quart of water for each person. 59.10a General requirements as to equipment for lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus, (a) Articles of equipment for lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus shall be of good quality, efficient for the purpose they are intended to serve, and kept in good condition. (6) Lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus shall be fully equipped before the vessel leaves port, and the equipment shall remain in the boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus through- out the voyage. It shall be unlawful to stow in any boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus articles other than those herein required. (c) Loose equipment shall be securely attached to the boat, raft, or buoyant apparatus to which it belongs. (Changes in specifications of articles of equipment shall not apply to articles of equipment which have been passed as satisfactory until replacement of such articles of equipment shall become necessary.) 59.11 Lifeboat equipment. Lifeboats, except those hereinafter specified, shall be equipped as follows: (a) Bailer. One bailer of sufficient size and suitable for bailing with lanyard attached. (b) Boat hooks. Two boat hooks of clear-grained white ash of suitable length but not less than 8 feet long by \% inches in diameter. (c) Bucket. One galvanized iron bucket of about 2-gallon capacity, with lanyard attached. (d) Compass. One efficient liquid compass with not less than a 2-inch card. (e) Distress lights. A watertight metal case containing 12 self-igniting red lights capable of burning and giving forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 500 candlepower for at least 2 minutes. Each distress light shall be treated and made impervious to moisture, and the manufacturer shall place upon it a statement in clear, black letters covering the candle- power and burning range, the directions for firing, the trade name of the distress light, and the name and address of the manufacturer. The container shall be constructed of 18-ounce, or No. 22 B. W. G. copper, or equal noncorrodible metal, lock-jointed and soldered, the bottom to be rolled in and soldered. The cover or top of cast brass not less than }£-inch in thickness and 5 inches in diameter shall be so constructed as to be easily removed, and made watertight by a fitted rubber gasket. (f ) Signal pistol. An approved signal pistol outfit consisting of an approved pistol with lanyard attached and 12 approved parachute signal cartridges, both contained in an approved portable watertight metal case, the cartridge to contain a projectile which will give forth a brilliant red flame of not less than 20,000 candlepower and capable of being projected verti- cally to a height of not less than 150 feet and of not less than 30 seconds' burning duration. The signal pistol outfit shall be constructed in accordance with the following specifications. (1) The pistol will be substantially constructed of good quality material properly pro- tected against corrosion. The dimensions of the barrel and chamber of the pistol shall con- form with the dimensions set forth in the following diagram, marked "Figure 1." (2) The exterior case of the cartridge shall be made of a suitable metal and shall be reasonable proof against the entrance of moisture. (3) The signal projectile when discharged vertically upward shall attain an altitude of (G-9) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS not less than 150 feet, and be so constructed that the parachute will be expelled at approxi- mately the maximum altitude reached. (4) The pyrotechnic candle shall be suspended by a suitable parachute at the approxi- mate altitude of expulsion and the average rate of descent during the period of burning shall not exceed 6 feet per second in reasonably still air. (5) The projectile case and delay element shall be so constructed as to prevent any possibility of the propelling charge blowing by and causing premature ejection of the projectile contents. (6) All approved signal cartridges shall be capable of being fitted into and fired from a pistol that is bored and chambered in conformity with the chamber drawing illustrated in figure 1. (7) The pyrotechnic candle shall burn for not less than 30 seconds with a brilliant red flame of not less than 20,000 candle power as determined by a Sharp-Miller photometer or equivalent photometric device. (8) All pistols and cartridges shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer and date of manufacture. All pistols and cartridges manufactured and approved before the effective date of this section (July 1, 1936) may be continued in use until replaced. (9) The use of signal pistol cartridges shall not be permitted for a period of longer than 4 years from the date of manufacture. (10) The portable watertight case shall be constructed of copper or other noncorrosive metal or steel which has been thoroughly galvanized, of not less than No. 19 B. W. G. thick- ness, seams lock-jointed and soldered. The cover shall fit on a tight rubber gasket and be securely held in place by clamps or dogs. The case should be of a size that will conveniently contain the pistol and 12 cartridges. (11) On vessels certificated for the Coastwise Service, signal pistol outfits shall be pro- vided in the ratio of one signal pistol outfit for each five boats or fraction thereof. (12) The stowage of this equipment, except in the emergency and motor lifeboats, is discretionary with the master. (13) On cargo vessels, signal pistol equipment need not be provided for more than two lifeboats. Figure 1. — Marine signal pistol. Note. — Chamber and bore dimensions for approved signal pistol. (g) Ditty bag. One canvas bag containing sailmaker's palm, needles, sail twine, mar- line, and marline spike. (h) Drinking cups. Two enameled drinking cups. (i) Flashlight. One approved flashlight contained in a portable, watertight metal case. The flashlight shall be of all-metal, rugged construction, of focusing type with a reflector head of about 2 inches in diameter. One extra lamp shall be provided for the flashlight. (G-10) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) The batteries for the standard three-cell type shall be of the sal ammoniac type with depolarizer. They shall have a nonspillable electrolyte and be free from leakage during the useful life of the cell. They shall be of the tubular construction, comprising three cells assembled in line, end to end in a suitable close-fitting tube or jacket of news, chip, or straw- board. The brass cap on the carbon rod and the zinc bottom of the cell shall serve as the terminals. The batteries shall be marked with the "trade name of the cell, the name of the manufacturer or trade mark number, or other designations of size, the date of manufac- ture, and the date of expiration of a guaranteed period for United States Marine Service." The batteries shall not be continued in use for lifeboat equipment for a period exceed- ing 1 year from the date of manufacture. The flashlight batteries allowed under this specification shall be of a quality to meet the National Bureau of Standards tests as to voltage, capacity, delayed service tests, and required performance. (j) Hatchets. Two single-edged hatchets attached by lanyards and readily available, one at each end of the boat. (k) Illuminating oil. One gallon illuminating oil in metal container. (1) Lantern. One lantern containing sufficient oil to burn at least 9 hours and ready for immediate use. (m) Life line. A life line, or grab line, properly secured the entire length on each side, festooned in bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight. The life line shall be of a size and strength not less than 12-thread manila rope, and the seine float in each bight shall hang to within 12 inches of the surface of the water when the boat is light. (n) Life preservers. Two life preservers. These life preservers are in addition to the vessel's equipment of life preservers. (o) Locker. A suitable locker or box for the storage and preservation of the small items of equipment. (p) Mast and sails. A mast or masts with at least one good sail and proper gear for each, the sail and gear to be protected by a suitable canvas cover. Where a vessel in the North Atlantic north of 35° north latitude is provided with a radiotelegraph installation, only one of the lifeboats on each side of the vessel shall be required to be so equipped. (q) Matches. One box of friction matches in a watertight container, and carried in a box secured to the underside of the stern thwart, or stowed in locker. (r) Oars. A single banked complement of oars, two spare oars, and a steering oar with rowlock or becket conforming to the following requirements: Minimum number and length of oars Length of boat Number of oars Spare oars Total, in- eluding steering oar Rowing oars Steering oars 16 feet and under 18 feet 4 4 4 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 7 7 7 9 9 Feet 10 11 13 14 15 Feet 12 13 14 15 16 18 feet and under 20 feet - 20 feet and under 24 feet - - 24 feet and under 28 feet Note.— Motor lifeboats and lifeboats fitted with propellers operated by hand shall be equipped with four oars and one steering oar. (s) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference and a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (t) Plugs and pumps. Drainholes, fitted with automatic plugs, shall be provided with two caps attached by chains. Decked lifeboats shall have no plug-hole, but shall be provided with at least two bilge pumps. (G-ll) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (u) Propellers (hand-operated). Lifeboats may be fitted with a hand-operated propeller of an approved type, but all lifeboats, except motorboats, having a capacity of 60 or more persons, shall be fitted with a hand-operated propeller of an approved type. The hand-propelling gear shall be substantially constructed and fitted in the boat in an efficient manner and be such that the boat may be readily maneuvered away from the ship's side after being launched and steerageway maintained, under adverse weather con- ditions. The gear shall be of such character that it may be operated by persons untrained in its use. It shall be such that it can be operated satisfactorily when the boat is partially flooded and will be effective in propelling a boat fully or partially loaded. The above propelling gear shall be required in all such lifeboats fitted on new vessels and to the lifeboat replacements on existing vessels. (w) Provisions. An airtight receptacle containing 2 pounds of provisions for each person. These provisions may be of hard bread or its equivalent in any approved emerg- ency ration of cereal or vegetable compound. No meat or other ration requiring saline preservative shall be allowed. The receptacle shall be of metal fitted with an opening in the top not less than 5 inches in diameter properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass with machined threads and an attached double toggle, seating to a pliable rubber or felt gasket, which shall insure a tight joint. Passenger ships engaged in international voyages shall carry in each lifeboat, 1 pound of condensed milk for each person the lifeboat is certified to carry. If the vessel is operated in the North Atlantic, north of 35° north latitude, only one-half the quantity of condensed milk is required. (x) Rowlocks. One set and a half of thole pins or rowlocks attached to the lifeboat by separate chains. (y) Rudder. One rudder having either tiller or yoke and yoke lines. The rudder shall be made of clear straight-grained oak or fir and shall be stiffened across the bottom edge by a piece of wood of the same character, properly secured. Pintles shall be strapped to the wood and through fastened and be so adjusted that the lower pintle will project at least \){ inches more below its gudgeon than does the upper one. (z) Sea anchor. One sea anchor constructed of good quality canvas or other satisfac- tory material; and, if of circular pattern, shall be not less than 2 feet in diameter for lifeboats 26 feet long and under. In larger boats the diameter of the sea anchor shall be not less than 2 feet 6 inches. (aa) Storm oil. One container holding 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil, so con- structed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. (bb) Water breakers. Wooden breakers or suitable tanks fitted with spigots for drawing water and containing at least 1 quart of water for each person. 59.11a Motor lifeboat equipment. In addition to the equipment required by § 59.10a and the provisions of § 59.11, motor lifeboats shall carry 2 fire extinguishers of the carbon tetrachloride type, but need not carry a mast or sails nor more than four rowing oars and one steering oar. All motor lifeboats carried in compliance with § 59.5 shall be fitted with a radio installation and a searchlight. (a) Motor and accessories. The engine for motor-propelled lifeboats shall be of a reliable slow-speed heavy-duty type, permanently installed inside the lifeboat. The power of motor lifeboats shall be such that the speed through the water, in smooth water, shall be at least 6 knots when fully loaded. Under these conditions, fuel capacity sufficient for 24 hours' continuous operation shall be provided. Suitable provision shall be made for going astern. The motor shall be protected by a weatherproof enclosure. The top of the enclosure (G-12) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) shall be constructed so that it may be removed when necessary and shall be fitted with a ventilator of a water-protector type. Fittings, pipes, and connections shall be of high standard and good workmanship and installed in accordance with good practice. There shall be a strainer between carburetor and fuel tank and an efficient hand starter. The motor of each lifeboat shall be operated ahead and astern for a period of not less than 5 minutes at least once in every 7 days to test its readiness for service, such operation to be part of the lifeboat drill and included in the report of such drill. The fuel shall be stored in substantial tanks of seamless steel, welded steel or copper firmly secured inside the lifeboat and suitably located. The fuel tank should be emptied and fuel changed at least once a year. The storage of fuel outside the lifeboat using it is prohibited. Motorboats certified for 100 or more persons shall be fitted with at least two bilge pumps, one of which shall be an efficient hand pump. The bilge pumps are each to be capable of pumping from each compartment. Motorboats certified for less than 100 persons shall be fitted with a bilge pump, either hand or power, having suitable suctions or drainage to different parts of the boat. (b) Searchlight. The searchlight provided for use on motor lifeboats shall be so con- structed as to project a beam of light at least 200 yards and at that distance effectively illuminate a light-colored object over a width of about 60 feet. The light shall be capable of turning in its mounting base through a horizontal angle of 360° and it shall be possible by further adjustment to direct the light rays at least 60° upward and at least 45° downward from the horizontal plane. There shall be suitable manual adjustment for securely locking the searchlight in all positions. The searchlight shall be substantially constructed of noncorrosive materials and properly mounted. It shall be of weatherproof construction capable of resisting the corroding effects of moist salt atmosphere and the effects of extreme heat and extreme cold. The light shall be capable of resisting several severe shocks and vibrations without damage. The searchlight shall be operated from the same source of power as the radio installation, which source shall be capable of operating the light intermittently for a period of 6 hours and continuously for a period of 3 hours. Two spare bulbs shall be provided for the searchlight and carried in the motor lifeboat. Searchlights installed on new motor lifeboats or installed as replacements on existing motor lifeboats shall be of an approved type. (c) Wireless telegraph installation. The wireless telegraph installation shall be of a type capable of transmitting clearly perceptible audible signals between lifeboat and vessel on the international calling and distress frequency, and a radio receiving equipment capable of satisfactorily receiving such signals. The range shall be not less than 50 nautical miles by day across the sea under normal conditions and circumstances. The power supply shall be capable of operating this equipment for a continuous period of at least 6 hours. The power supply for the searchlight and wireless telegraph installation above provided for shall be derived from one source. It shall be ample to operate both such appliances simultaneously . 59.12 Standard types of boats. The standard types of boats are classified as follows: Class Section Type I. Entirely rigid sides fA. Open ^B. Open (C. Pontoon. fA. Open _ . ^B. Pontoon___ __ __ |C. Pontoon Internal buoyancy only. Internal and external buoyancy. Well deck; fixed watertight bulwarks. Upper part of sides collapsible. Well deck; collapsible watertight bulwarks. Flush deck; collapsible watertight bulwarks. II. Partially collapsible sides 403901° — 42- (G-13) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 59.13 Drawings, specifications, name plate, (a) All lifeboats shall be substantially constructed in accordance with drawings, or blueprints, and specifications approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (b) Builders of lifeboats shall furnish the supervising inspector of the district in which the lifeboats are built drawings, or blueprints, and specifications showing and explaining the construction of same, and showing the tensile strength and ductility of the metal used. Lifeboats may be constructed of steel having a minimum tensile strength not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 20 percent in a gage length of 8 inches; or of wrought iron having a minimum tensile strength of 45,000 pounds per square inch and a minimum elongation of 12 percent in 8 inches; or of other approved metals. Where steel is used and the minimum thickness of the metal is less than No. 16 B. W. G., the elongation shall not be less than 15 percent in a gage length of 8 inches. (c) Builders of lifeboats shall affix a plate or other device to each lifeboat, having thereon the builder's name, number of boat, date of construction of boat, cubical contents of boat, and number of persons said boat will carry, as determined by the rules of the Board of Super- vising Inspectors. 59.14 Inspection of lifeboats when built. Supervising inspectors of districts where lifeboats are built shall detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where lifeboats are being built, whose duty it shall be to carefully inspect and examine the construction of such lifeboats, and he shall satisfy himself that such lifeboats are constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When the assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the boat, he shall stamp his initials, together with the letters "U. S. I.," on a blank space on the plate required to be affixed to the boat by the builder. The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satisfactory evidence to all parties interested that the boat has been constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specifications on file. 59.15 Construction of metallic lifeboats of class 1A. The following specifications and schedule of lifeboat material shall be complied with unless other arrangements in matters of constructional details, design and strength equivalent in safety and efficiency are approved by the supervising inspector of the district in which the lifeboat is built. (a) Keel, stem, and sternpost. The dimensions of bar keels, stems, and sternposts shall be as given in table. The keel, stem, and sternpost shall be in one length except in the case of a boat of stern-frame construction where the stem and keel shall be in one length, scarphed and riveted to the stern frame. The scarph connecting the keel to the stern frame shall have a length of nine times the thickness of the keel, or butt welded with suitable rein- forcing straps on both sides. (b) Shell plating. The gage of shell plating shall be as given in table and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 20 percent in a gage length of 8 inches, or of wrought iron having a minimum tensile strength of 45,000 pounds per square inch and a minimum elongation of 12 percent in 8 inches; or of other approved metals. When the minimum thickness of the steel is less than No. 16 B. W. G. the elongation shall be not less than 15 percent in a gage length of 8 inches. The bottom shell plating shall be increased to gages as shown in table for not less than 25 per- cent of the breadth each side of the keel. Doubling plates of suitable size shall be fitted on all steel boats at points where the shell is liable to corrosion from contact with the boat's chocks. All seam and butt laps shall lap at least l){ inches. The laps of joints on keel, stem, and sternpost shall be not less than that specified in the table in paragraph (s) of this section. (c) Riveting. The several plates composing the shell may be joined together either by riveting or welding. Where riveting is employed, it shall be by double riveting. The (G-14) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) center of the row of rivets nearest the edge of a sheet shall be about three-eighths of an inch from the edge. The rivets shall be staggered with not less than 18 rivets to the foot and such rivets shall have countersunk heads. The diameter of the rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. The riveting of the shell plating to the keels, stems, and sternposts shall be with buttonhead rivets of the following diameters, said riveting to be staggered with not less than 12 rivets to the foot: Inch Boats 24 feet or under % 9 Over 24 feet, under 27 J4 Over 27 feet, under 32 Ke (d) Welding. Where welding is employed in lifeboat or life raft construction it shall be in accordance with the following specifications for fusion welding of sheet metal: (e) Scope. These specifications apply only to the application of fusion welding to lifeboats, life rafts, air tanks, and similar vessels subject to pressures not to exceed 15 pounds per square inch. (f) Materials — (1) Base metal. The materials shall be steel or wrought iron plates (galvanized) having a thickness of not less than No. 18 B. W. G. nor more than three- sixteenths inch. (2) Filler metal. High-test electrode shall be used to insure a weld which will have an efficiency equal to the strength of the base metal without reenforcement. (g) Process. Any process of welding which has been approved by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors may be used in the fabrication of lifeboats and life rafts. (h) Design of joints. The following joints are acceptable: Butt joints, flanged joints, or lapped joints, fillet-welded at both edges. (i) Application of welding. The plates shall be properly formed and secured by jigs, clamps, or other suitable devices to prevent sagging or warping. The welder shall use due caution to avoid heating the plate to such an extent as to cause it to become distorted or warped. Care shall be taken to insure that the weld has complete fusion, proper penetra- tion to the full thickness, and is reasonably free from porosity. Provision should be made to provide for reasonable expansion and contraction while the welding is being applied. The weld shall be machined to a reasonable degree of smoothness and galvanized by spraying with zinc to protect against the weather. (j) Supervision. Manufacturers who desire to construct lifeboats or life rafts by means of any process of fusion welding shall submit plans and specifications to the supervising inspector, showing in detail the design and methods of construction which they propose to employ. The plans or specifications shall contain the following data: (1) Tensile strength of the base metal. (2) Elongation of base metal in a gage length of 4 inches. (3) Trade name of electrode used. (4) Elongation of filler metal in a gage length of 2 inches. (k) Inspection and tests. Inspectors shall have access to lifeboats, life rafts, tanks, etc., under construction in order to ascertain whether the material and technique is such as to insure dependable workmanship. Two tension and two bend test specimens shall be taken from each lifeboat, or life-raft cylinder, constructed by means of fusion welding. The tension test specimens shall be made with a reduced section having a gage length of 4 inches. The edges of the bend test specimens may be parallel. Both tension and bend test specimens shall be made with weld in the center. The reenforcement shall be ground off, and the tension test specimen shall show under test a tensile strength at least equal to that of the base metal. The bend test shall be made in a vise in such manner that the fibers of the weld will be stretched and must withstand being bent to a radius of not less than twice (G-15) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS its thickness without showing cracks or flaws. The inspector making the tests shall satisfy himself that the workmanship is such that the boat or raft so constructed is at least equal in strength and dependability to an approved metallic lifeboat or raft of riveted construction. (1) Floors. Floors shall be fitted in lifeboats 26 feet in length and over, of such dimensions as indicated in table. The floors shall be flanged l}i inches top and bottom and fastened to the skin by a single row of rivets three-sixteenths inch in diameter and pitched 3 inches on centers. limber holes shall be cut in the floors and so located as to provide efficient draining. (m) Gunwales. The dimensions of angular steel gunwales shall be as given in table. The gunwales on each side of the lifeboat shall be in not more than two pieces. If the gunwales are fitted in two lengths, the butts shall be kept beyond the midship half-length of the boat and at opposite ends on each side. The joint may be riveted or welded, and the backing-up piece shall be angular in section of the thickness of the gunwale, and the length shall be not less than eight times the depth of the gunwale. It shall be secured to the sheer strake by riveting or welding. The gunwales may be of clear grain oak or teak. When made in two lengths the gunwales shall be scarphed with a good long bevel scarph stiffened on the under side by a piece of the same material at least 2 feet long, 1% inches thick, and of the same width as the gunwale. Fastenings securing the gunwale bar or wooden gunwale to the sheer plate shall be spaced on three-inch centers. The size of gun- wales shall be of not less than the following dimensions: Length of boat Depth of gunwale Width of gunwale 12 feet and not over 18 feet Inches VA VA 2 2M 2% 2% Inches 2Vs 2H 2% 2V 2 2% 2% Over 18 and not over 20 feet __ ___ _ _._ Over 20 and not over 22 feet . .. . Over 22 and not over 24 feet Over 24 and not over 26 feet Over 26 feet.. _ (n) Nosings. The outside of the gunwale angle shall have a nosing of clear grain oak or teak secured to the sheer plate and the gunwale by fastenings spaced on 6-inch centers which fastenings may be substituted for alternate fastenings between the gunwale bar or the wooden gunwale and the sheer strake; the flat side of the nosing on boats not over 20 feet long shall be not less than 1% inches wide and % inch thick; on boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet it shall be not less than 1% inches wide and 1 inch thick; on all boats over 24 feet, it shall be not less than 2}{ inches wide and 1 inch thick. Steel gunwales made from steel plates bent to a }i inch inside radius need not be fitted with nosings. The vertical leg of the gunwale shall be outboard of the sheer strake. (o) Gunwale braces. The gunwales shall be secured to the thwarts by steel braces and teed on the thwarts as follows: Length of boat Size of brace Teed on thwarts 22 feet and under Inches Vie by 1}4 HbyVA Inches 4 5 Over 22 feet The gunwale braces shall be bolted to thwarts and riveted, or welded to gunwales. (p) Breastplates. Breastplates shall be fitted to the stem and sternpost, the thickness of the breastplates to be not less than the thickness of the leg of the gunwale. The depth of the throat of the plate shall be not less than twice the depth of the gunwale. (G-16) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) (q) Thwarts. The dimensions of the thwarts shall be as given in table except that the mast thwarts shall be 2 inches wider and the hole properly reenforced. The number of thwarts shall be not less than the following: Number of Length of boat: thwarts Under 18 feet 4 18 feet and under 24 5 24 feet and under 28 6 28 feet and under 32 7 The thwart ends shall be fitted between flanges and secured thereto by bolts in addition to the bolts through the gunwale braces. The U flange shall extend inboard to take the brace bolt, which shall be 1 inch in width less than the thwart. Stretchers or lower cross seats of sufficient size and strength shall be fitted in suitable positions for the efficient rowing of all boats. In boats over 20 feet in length where lower cross or side seats are required to be fitted, they shall be well secured and- supported. They shall not be placed more than 12 inches above the floors. (r) Stanchions. Stanchions shall be fitted in all lifeboats where the unsupported length of the thwarts exceeds A.){ feet. (s) Footings. Footings shall cover the bottom of the boat between the side tanks, spaced not more than 2 inches apart. The width of the footings shall be not less than 1% inches except the center footing, which shall not be less than 9}i inches. The footings shall be made readily portable, and so arranged that the plugs are at all times directly accessible without removing any fitting. Metallic lifeboat Bar keel, stem, and sternpost Angle bar gun- wales Shell plate Floors fs o =3-0 8 ° •a 3 o o z a a £" O u " C3 o a a a ll SB i>>a O 03 E ■o S o OJ E .S.S hi C O c ■o b a Pn 05 o o a m '3-a Js" 1 Length of boat not over— Side plating Bottom plating o 1 03 Thickness 1 1 a c 03 a « ■3 8 CO O CD a 8.3 a o 03 03 a o 03 In. 2H by H 2H by \ by H 2Vi by % 2Vi by H 3 by 3/i 3 by % m by H 3H by U 4 by % In. 2 by US by H 2 by 1H by H 2 by m by H 2 by 2 by U 2 by 2 by H 2 by 2 by J4 2H by 2 by J4 2Vz by 2 by !4 2H by 2H by J4 2H by 2H by H 2Vk by 2H by J4 No. 18 B. W. G. ...do ...do ...do No. 16 B. W. G. do No. 18 B. W. G. ...do ...do .. do .. In. In. 771. 2 by H 2 by !4 2byH 2 by U 2 by H 2by],i 2 by \i 2 by \i 2 by H 2 by H 2 by U In. IMo by 7H lHsby 7!4 lMeby7M lYia by V-A lMe by 1M lMe by 7H m by 9 Ui by 9 1H by 9 1% by 9 m by 9 In. IHeby ih lHeby4!.2 lHeby 4H 1H6 by 4H 1Mb by 4H lHe by 4H lHsby4^ lMe by 5H IMa by 5H lMeby 5H lMe by 5W Zn. 7 A 7 A 7 A Jw. 7 4 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A H 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7 A 7n. Mr 14 feet inches 16 feet inches 18 feet inches . 5^ 20 feet inches No. 16 B. W. G. do . H 22 feet inches. . H 24 feet inches ...do No. 14 B. W. G. ...do ...do ...do .. do... M 26 feet inches 28 feet inches 30 feet inches 32 feet inches No. 13 B. W. G. ...do -_do ...do 6 6 6 6 No. 14 B. W. G. __-do ...do ..do 36 36 30 30 U % 7 A 7 A (t) Hoisting shackles. Hoisting or lifting shackles when installed in the ends of life- boats shall have the shackle pins go through the stem and sternpost. Sectional area around the shackle pinhole shall be at least equal to the area of the shackle specified for the lifeboat. In cases where the lifting shackles are required to be installed inside of the lifeboat, such lifting shackles shall be attached to bracket plates, riveted to stem and sternpost or to rods with bracket plates riveted to keel. The complete unit for each boat of the brackets, rods, and connecting bolts shall be of sufficient strength to support the loaded lifeboat with a safety factor of 6. Hooks may be allowed in lieu of lifting shackles when constructed with a safety factor of 6, except when disengaging apparatus is required. Rings or links shall not be attached to lifeboats for hoisting purposes. When attached to the lower tackle blocks they shall be of such strength as to resist the proof load test without set, six times the maxi- (G-17) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS mum working load. The safety factor of 6 referred to is on material having a tensile strength of 58,000 to 65,000 pounds per square inch. (u) Plug. Each lifeboat shall be fitted with an automatic plug. (v) Galvanizing and plating. All steel or iron entering into the construction of lifeboats shall be galvanized by the hot process. 59.16 Construction of wooden lifeboats — (a) Materials. The timber shall be of the best quality, well seasoned, free from sapwood, shakes, and objectionable knots. The other materials shall be the best of their respective kinds. (b) Framings. Keels, stems, sternposts, aprons, and deadwoods shall be oak or elm with no short grain or shakes. Parts having considerable curvature shall be oak or hack- matack grown to form. The stem and sternpost are to be rabbeted to take the plank ends and form an efficient stop for the caulk. The depth of the rabbet shall not exceed the thick- ness of the plank. Aprons shall be of sufficient size to insure a 3-inch faying surface and receive the double fastenings of the hooded ends. Deadwoods are to be of the same size as the keel and are to scarph properly with the apron and keelson. The timbers are to be checked into the deadwoods and cavities filled with marine glue to form a water course. Keel and hog piece shall be elm or oak, and the keel shall be in one length. Scarphs con- necting the stem and sternpost to the keel may be either vertical or horizontal. The vertical scarphs shall be secured by five clinched nails, and the horizontal or flat scarphs shall be properly lipped and secured by at least two through fastenings. Ordinary tenons shall not be accepted as equivalent to scarphs. Stem bands shall be galvanized wrought iron and extend from the breasthook over the stem head to keel plate or 2 feet abaft the scarph. (c) Planking. The planking may be of the clincher, carvel, or multiple-skin types, the carvel and double plank to be recommended, especially the latter when for use on vessels in tropical trades. In clincher-built boats the extreme breadth of the plank is not to exceed 5}i inches; except in the four strakes next to the keel, which may be as follows: two at 7 inches, one at 6^ inches, and one at 6 inches. In boats 18 feet in length and under, these breadths may require to be reduced about an inch. The landings shall not be less than seven-eighths inch in breadth. The planks should be in as long lengths as possible, with an efficient shift of butts. There shall be at least two passing strakes between butts in the same timber space. (d) Timbers. Timbers shall be elm or oak bent to shape and fitted in one length from gunwale to gunwale, except in the extreme ends of the boats. The spacing of timbers shall not exceed 6 inches center to center. (e) Stiffeners. Keelsons shall be in one length and overlap the deadwoods so as to take all the fastenings of the lifting plates. A substantial hardwood chock shall be well secured to the keelson to form a mast step; the keelson shall not be cut for the purpose. The bilge stringers and risings should be in as long lengths as possible, properly scarphed at the butts, and either through fastened at each timber or fastened at each timber with a brass screw. In boats 25 feet in length and over, the heads of the timbers are to be carried up and connected through the sheer strake and gunwale. In all boats, provisions shall be made for double-banking the oars. (f) Thwarts and stanchions, etc. The number of thwarts shall not be less than given by the following: Number of Lifeboats, length in feet: thwarts 18 and under 4 Over 18 and not over 24 5 Over 24 and not over 28 6 Over 28 and not over 30 7 (G-18) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) The distance of the top of the thwarts below the top of the gunwale shall be as follows: Lifeboats, length in feet: inches 22 and under 9 Over 22 and not above 28 10 Over 28 and not above 30 11 The thwarts shall be scored over the timbers and directly attached to the risings by means of 2 screws at each end. In all boats where the unsupported length of the thwarts exceeds 5 feet, stanchions well connected to the thwart and to the side of keelson shall be fitted. The side benches shall be continuous and fitted in as long lengths as possible; they shall not be removable, but form part of the permanent structure of the boat. In boats over 20 feet in length where lower cross or side seats are required to be fitted, they are to be well secured and supported. They shall be placed as low as practicable. Stretchers or lower cross seats of sufficient size and strength are to be fitted in suitable positions for the efficient rowing of all boats. All lower seats and bottom boards are to be made readily port- able, and so arranged that the plugs are at all times directly accessible without removing any fitting. The plug chains are to be securely attached to the boat by screws. (g) Thwart knees. The knees shall be of wrought or stamped iron, galvanized 1% inches thick at the thwart. In lifeboats over 24 feet in length, the knees shall be double, but, in lieu thereof, iron knees of special design may be adopted. The knees shall be con- nected to the side of the boat and to the thwarts by at least 2 through fastenings in each arm. Nut and screw bolts are recommended for the purpose. The bolts should be cup- headed and the nuts have iron plate washers on the under side of the thwarts. Any ad- ditional fastenings may be stout screws, but spike or wire nails are not to be allowed. A hardwood chock 3 inches wide should be fitted between knee and side of boat to receive knees and fastenings of sheer strake. Where wood knees are preferred, they should be of oak, ash, elm, or hackmatack grown to form. The fastenings may be galvanized iron, but wire nails shall not be allowed. (h) Breasthooks. The sides of the boat at the ends shall be well bound together across the middle line, the breasthooks being of sufficient number and size, having regard to the dimensions and form of the boat. The arms are to extend along the sides of the boat for at least two timber spaces and are to be through fastened by two bolts in each arm and one through the throat. The breasthooks are to be galvanized iron, or oak or hackmatack grown to form. (i) Rubbers, filling pieces, bilge keels. Fore and aft rubbers shall be fitted to all boats. Clincher-built boats are to have filling pieces for about one-third of the boat's length amidships, fitted to the projecting plank edges from the gunwhale to the bilge. In all boats intended to accommodate more than 60 persons, vertical fenders, extending from the gun- wale down to the bilge, are to be fitted to facilitate launching on the high side of a listed ship. These fenders are to be sufficient in number to prevent damage to the boats when being lowered. If the fenders are of wood they are to have cope iron fitted to the outside edges. Particulars of any proposed arrangements, including alternatives such as skates or rollers, temporarily secured to the boat to prevent it from being damaged, and to facilitate launching, are to be submitted for the Board's approval. When bilge keels are fitted, they shall be secured to a doubling plank well fastened to the bottom planking and timbers by brass screws. Bilge-keel fastening shall not penetrate the bottom planking. Suitable hand grips shall be made in the bilge keels for use in event of capsizing. (j) Fastenings. Fastenings of the keel, stem and sternpost, aprons, knees, keelsons, or deadwood shall be through fastenings wherever practicable, or long screws. There shall not be less than 6 through fastenings in the deadwood at each end of the boat. The hog shall be secured to the keel by galvanized screws 8 inches to 7 inches apart, and the keelson (G-19) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS to the keel by through fastenings 24 to 27 inches apart. In boats over 23 feet in length, the hog may be in two pieces provided it is scarphed to the satisfaction of the inspector. Box gunwales shall be through fastened at every timber, and solid gunwales should be secured with at least four through fastenings between each pair of thwart knees and strength- ened by check pieces in way of rowlocks. All gunwales when not fitted in one length shall have either lipped or table scarphs, and the scarphs of gunwale shall be kept if possible beyond midship half length of the boat. Plank fastenings shall be copper of sufficient length and gage, and those in the plank edges, scarphs, and timbers properly clinched. One fastening is required between the timbers in each edge of each plank, subject to a maxi- mum spacing of 3}i inches in clincher-built boats. 59.17 Open boats with internal and external buoyancy; class IB. The internal buoyancy of a wooden boat of this type shall be provided by watertight air cases, the total volume of which is at least equal to 7% percent of the cubic capacity of the boat. The external buoyancy may be of cork or of any other equally efficient material, but such buoy- ancy shall not be secured by the use of rushes, cork shavings, loose granulated cork, or any other loose granulated substance, or by any means dependent upon inflation by air. If the buoyance is of cork, its volume, for a wooden boat, shall not be less than thirty-three thou- sandths of the cubic capacity of the boat; if of any material other than cork, its volume and distribution shall be such that the buoyancy and stability of the boat are not less than that of a similar boat provided with buoyancy of cork. The buoyancy of a metal boat shall be not less than that required above for a wooden boat of the same cubic capacity, the volume of the air cases and external buoyancy being increased accordingly. Boats of this class shall have a mean sheer equal to at least 4 percent of their length. 59.18 Lundin and Lane lifeboats, (a) Lundin decked lifeboats and Lane decked metallic lifeboats shall be accepted as equivalent to class 1A lifeboats and shall be rated and ac- cepted as lifeboats under davits, and may be placed in nests of two under a single pair of davits, but such nesting shall not commence until each set of davits as required by law is first fitted with a required lifeboat. They shall be fully equipped as lifeboats as required by this part and shall be measured in accordance with the following formula: Cubic capacity=ZX5X-DX0.9 cubic foot Where Z=length over all, in feet. 5= width over fenders, in feet. D= depth from top of keel to top of gunwale, in feet. Example: 28X9.5 feetX2.5 feetX0.9 = 598.5 cubic feet. Allow 10 cubic feet to a person, 598.5^-10=59 persons. Provided, That when the Lundin decked lifeboats and Lane decked metallic lifeboats are loaded to their full capacity the watertight deck shall be not less than 2 inches above the load water line, and shall have an excess buoyancy in air space and fenders of not less than 25 percent of the combined weight of boat and load. Not less than 10 percent of the total buoyancy shall be in fenders of buoyant material firmly secured to the outside of the boat. The following example is given in explanation of the above proviso: Example: 26 feet, 50 persons, Lundin decked lifeboat or Lane decked metallic lifeboat. Height of load water line, 15 inches. Required height of inner deck=15 inches-|-2 inches = 17 inches. Combined weight of boat and load (each person allowed figured at 165 pounds), 12,250 pounds. Excess buoyancy required in air space and fenders above=0.25X 12,250 = 3,062.5 pounds. Total buoyancy required, i. e., buoyancy of air space below water- tight deck plus buoyancy of entire fenders= 12,250+3,062.5 = 15,312.5 pounds. Buoyancy required in entire fenders=0.10X 15,312.5 = 1,531.25 pounds. (G-20) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) The carrying capacity of the Lundin power lifeboat shall be determined by the same rule as the Lundin decked lifeboat and Lane decked metallic lifeboat, with proper reduction for the weight and space used for the motors, tanks for fuel, and wireless apparatus. (b) The carrying capacity of the Lundin housed lifeboat shall be determined by the same rule as the Lundin decked lifeboat and Lane decked metallic lifeboat. Lundin semi- decked lifeboats shall be accepted as equivalent to class 1A lifeboats and shall be rated and accepted as lifeboats under davits, and may be placed in nests of two under a single pair of davits, but such nesting shall not commence until each set of davits as required by law is first fitted with a required lifeboat. They shall be fully equipped as lifeboats as required by this part, and shall be measured in accordance with the following formula: Cubic capacity=LX-BX-DX0.9 cubic foot Where i=length over all, in feet. B— width over fenders, in feet. D= depth from top of keel to top of gunwale, in feet. Example: 20 feetX7 feetX2 feetX0.9=252 cubic feet. Allow 10 cubic feet to a person, 252-e-10=25 persons. Provided, That the length of the Lundin semidecked lifeboat does not exceed 24 feet; that the above boat is provided with independent air tanks, placed at the sides of the boat, built in accordance with the general rules for air tanks of lifeboats and with a capacity of not less than l)i cubic feet for each person allowed; that the above boat is provided with built-in watertight compartments, one in each end, and provided with a watertight manhole, and that not less than 10 percent of the volume of the displacement to the load-water line shall be in fenders of buoyant material firmly secured to the outside of the boat. The Lundin open lifeboat with balsa-wood fenders, 24 feet in length, 7 feet 1 inch in breadth inside fender, 8 feet in breadth outside fender, and 3 feet 2 inches in depth, shall be allowed to carry 40 persons. The number of persons allowed to be carried on boats of this type of other dimensions shall be determined, after an actual demonstration, by the supervising inspector of the district in which the boat is accepted. 59.19 Boats equivalent to boats of class IB. Any type of boat may be accepted as equivalent to a boat of class IB after blue prints and specifications have been submitted and a practical demonstration of a full-size boat is witnessed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. 59.20 Pontoon boats in which persons cannot be accommodated below the deck, having a well deck and fixed watertight bulwarks; class 1C. The area of a well deck of a boat of this type shall be at least 30 percent of the total deck area. The height of the well deck above the water line at all points shall be at least equal to one-half percent of the length of the boat, this height being increased to l)?. percent of the length of the boat at the ends of the well. The freeboard of a boat of this type shall be such as to provide for a reserve buoyancy of at least 35 percent. 59.21 Boats of the second class. The standard types of boats of the second class shall satisfy the conditions set forth in §§ 59.22-59.35. 59.22 Open boats having the upper part of the sides collapsible; class 2A. A boat of this type shall be fitted both with watertight air cases and with external buoyancy, the volume of which, for each person which the boat is able to accommodate, shall be at least equal to the following amounts: Air cases, 1% cubic feet; external buoyancy (if of cork), %o cubic foot. The minimum freeboard of boats of this type is fixed in relation to their length; it is measured vertically to the top of the solid hull at the side amidships, from the water (G-21) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS level when the boat is loaded. The freeboard in fresh water shall not be less than the fol- lowing amounts: Length of the boat Minimum freeboard Feet 26 28 30 Ivches 8 9 in The freeboard of boats of intermediate lengths is to be found by interpolation. 59.23 Pontoon boats having a well deck and collapsible bulwarks; class 2B. All the conditions laid down for boats of type lC are to be applied to boats of this type, which differ from those of type lC only in regard to the bulwarks. 59.24 Pontoon boats in which persons cannot be accommodated below deck, having a flush deck and collapsible bulwarks; class 2C. The minimum freeboard of boats of this type is independent of their lengths and depends only upon their depth. The depth of the boat is to be measured vertically from the underside of the garboard strake to the top of the deck at the side amidships, and the freeboard is to be measured from the top of the deck at the side amidships to the water level when the boat is loaded. The freeboard in fresh water shall not be less than the following amounts, which are applicable without correction to boats having a mean sheer equal to 3 percent of their length: Depth of Minimum boat freeboard Inches Inches 12 2% 18 3% 20 5H 30 m For intermediate depths the freeboard is obtained by interpolation. If the sheer is less than the standard sheer defined above, the minimum freeboard is obtained by adding to the figures in the table one-seventh of the difference between the standard sheer and the actual mean sheer measured at the stem and sternpost. No deduction is to be made from the freeboard on account of the sheer being greater than the standard sheer or on account of the camber of the deck. Pontoon lifeboats may be built of wood or metal. If constructed of wood, they shall have the bottom and deck made of two thicknesses with textile material between; if of metal, they shall be divided into watertight compartments, with means of access to each compartment. 59.25 Arrangements for clearing pontoon lifeboats of water. All pontoon lifeboats shall be fitted with efficient means for quickly clearing the deck of water. The orifices for this purpose shall be such that the water cannot enter the boat through them when they are intermittingly submerged. The number and size of the orifices shall be determined for each type of boat by a special test. For the purpose of this test the pontoon boat shall be loaded with a weight of iron or bags of sand equal to that of its complement of persons and equipment. In the case of a boat 28 feet in length, 2 tons of water shall be cleared from the boat in a time not exceeding the following: type lC, 60 seconds; type 2B, 60 seconds; type 2C, 20 seconds. 59.26 Type of boat equivalent to boat of class 2. Any type of boat may be accepted as equivalent to a boat of class 2 after blueprints and specifications have been submitted to, and a practical demonstration of a full-size boat has been witnessed by, and the type of boat has been approved by, the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (G-22) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) 59.27 Brude lifeboat. — Lifeboats of the Brude type, of the sizes specified below, for use on cargo steamers, shall be allowed the following rating: Length Height Width Number of persons car- ried and al- lowed on cargo steamers Feet 18 14 Ft. in. 8 6 9 Ft. in. 8 6 9 34 17 The number of persons allowed to be carried by boats of this type of other dimensions shall be determined, after an actual demonstration, by the supervising inspector of the district in which the boat is accepted. 59.28 Capacity and allowance of Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats. Engelhardt col- lapsible lifeboats may be carried as lifeboats and rated as class 2C, and shall be fully equipped as lifeboats as required by this part. The cubic capacity of Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats shall be determined in accordance with the following rule: Measure in feet and fractions of a foot the length and breadth outside of canvas extension and the depth inside at the place of minimum depth taken from the inside of the bottom planking of the bottom to the top oi gunwale when extended. The product of these dimensions multiplied by 0.7 shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. 59.29 Newcomb inclosed lifeboat. Lifeboat of this type, 26 feet in length, 6 feet 4 inches in breadth, and 3 feet 4 inches in depth, when constructed in accordance with the rules for lifeboats, shall be allowed to carry 25 persons. The number of persons allowed to be carried by boats of this type of other dimensions shall be determined, after an actual demon- stration, by the supervising inspector of the district in which the boat is accepted. 59.30 Air tanks of lifeboats. All lifeboats contracted for after September 30, 1912, shall have not more than 50 percent of the air tank capacity in the ends of the boat and the remaining capacity shall be located in the side tanks. After June 20, 1912, the air tanks of all lifeboats shall be entirely independent of the hull or other construction and shall be of suitable noncorrosive material and of a capacity of not less than 1.5 cubic feet for each person allowed in metallic boats and not less than 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in wooden boats: Provided, That in all metallic boats constructed and inspected on and after March 1, 1931, there shall be at least 1 cubic foot for each person allowed in addition to suffi- cient air- tank capacity to float the boat (including its equipment), when filled with water. Such air tanks shall be firmly and securely fastened in the hull, and in such manner as will allow them to be temporarily removed, and in no case shall the tanks be punctured or opened for such fastenings. The tops of such tanks shall be thoroughly protected by a grating or platform or by the thwarts or seats. Such air tanks of 6 cubic feet or less shall be constructed of material of a thickness not less than No. 22 B. W. G. ; from 6 cubic feet to and including 15 cubic feet, of a thickness not less than No. 20 B. W. G. ; and all air tanks of more than 15 cubic feet capacity shall be of a thickness not less than No. 18 B. W. G. All joints of air tanks shall be 'properly double riveted and tightly calked or securely hook jointed and efficiently soldered or properly and securely welded, and such air tanks shall be located in such a manner that will permit the lifeboat to be on as near an even keel as possible when flooded with water. The cubical contents of air space of air tank shall be stamped on the tank where same can be seen when air tank is placed in boat. All air tanks shall be fitted with a connection of one-half inch outside diameter for testing purposes. Before any lifeboat is passed and accepted, the air tanks thereof shall be tested in the presence of an inspector of this Bureau by an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch. At each subsequent annual inspec- (G-23) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS tion, or oftener if in the opinion of the inspectors it is necessary or desirable, the inspectors shall satisfy themselves that the tanks are in good condition, but pressure need not be applied unless the inspectors are in doubt regarding the efficiency of the tanks. This does not take from the inspectors the right and authority to satisfy themselves at any time, either by exami- nation or pressure, as to the condition of tanks. 59.31 Cubic capacity of open boats of the first class, (a) The cubic capacity of an open boat of type 1A or IB shall be determined by Stirling's (Simpson's) rule or by any other method, approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, giving the same degree of accuracy. The capacity of a square-sterned boat shall be calculated as if the boat had a pointed stern. (6) For example, the capacity in cubic feet of a boat, calculated by the aid of Stirling's rule, may be considered as given by the following formula: Capacity=-^(4^1+25+4(7) l being the length of the boat in feet from the inside of the planking or plating at the stem to the corresponding point at the sternpost; in the case of a boat with a square stern, the length is measured to the inside of the transom. A, B, C denote, respectively, the areas of the cross sections at the quarter length forward, amidships, and the quarter length aft, which corre- spond to the three points obtained by dividing I into 4 equal parts. (The areas corresponding to the two ends of tbe boat are considei'ed negligible.) The areas A, B, C shall be deemed to be given in square feet by the successive application of the following formula to each of the three cross sections: Area = ia+4& + 2c+4d+e) h being the depth measured in feet inside the planking or plating from the keel to the level of the gunwale, or, in certain cases, to a lower level, as determined hereafter, a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths of tbe boat measured in feet at the upper and lower points of the depth and at the three points obtained by dividing h into four equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme points, and c at tbe middle point, of h). (c) If the sheer of the gunwale, measured at the two points situated at a quarter of the length of the boat from the ends, exceeds 1 percent of the length of the boat, the depth employed in calculating the area of the cross sections A or C shall be deemed to be the depth amidships plus 1 percent of the length of the boat. (d) If the depth of the boat amidships exceeds 45 percent of the breadth, the depth employed in calculating the area of the midship cross section B shall be deemed to be equal to 45 percent of the breadth; and the depth employed in calculating the areas of the quarter- length sections A and C is obtained by increasing this last figure by an amount equal to 1 percent of the length of the boat, provided that in no case shall the depths employed in the calculation exceed the actual depths at these points. (e) If the depth of the boat is greater than 4 feet, the number of persons given by the application of this section shall be reduced in proportion to tbe ratio of 4 feet to the actual depth, until the boat has been satisfactorily tested afloat with that number of persons on board, all wearing life jackets. (J) The following rule may be used, provided it does not give a greater capacity than that obtained by the above method: Measure the length and breadth outside of the planking or plating and the depth inside at the place of minimum depth. The depth used in calcu- lating shall not in any case exceed 45 percent of the breadth. The product of these dimen- sions multiplied by 0.6 resulting in the nearest whole number shall be deemed the capacity (G-24) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) in cubic feet. To determine the number of persons a boat may carry, divide the result by 10 for ocean steam vessels. Example: The carrying capacity of a boat 22 feet in length, 6 feet in breadth and 2}i feet in depth shall be determined as follows: 22X6X2^X0.6 198 in To = T o =19persons In all cases the vessel owner has the right to require that the cubic capacity of the boat shall be determined by exact measurement. (g) The cubical capacity of a motor boat shall be obtained by deducting from the gross capacity a volume equal to that occupied by the motor and its accessories, and, when carried, the wireless installation and searchlight with their accessories. (h) The cubical capacity of a lifeboat propelled by hand-operated propeller shall be obtained by deducting from the gross capacity a volume equal to that occupied by such device. (i) When computing the air-tank requirements, the weight of the motor and its acces- sories, and, when carried, the wireless installation and searchlight with their accessories, shall be carefully considered in the calculation and allowance made for the extra buoyancy required for such weight. 59.32 Deck area of pontoon boats and open boats of the second class, (a) The area of the deck of a pontoon boat of type 1C, 2B, or 2C shall be determined by the method indicated below or by any other method giving the same degree of accuracy. The same rule is to be applied in determining the area within the fixed bidwarks of a boat of type 2A. (6) For example, the surface in square feet of a boat may be deemed to be given by the following formula: Area = — (2a+L5& + 4c + 1.5d+2e) I being the length in feet from the intersection of the outside of the planking with the stem to the corresponding point at the sternpost, a, b, c, d, e, denote the horizontal breadths in feet outside the planking at the points obtained by dividing I into four equal parts and subdividing the foremost and aftermost parts into two equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme subdivisions, c at the middle point of the length, and b and d at the intermediate points) . (c) The minimum cubic capacity of open boats of type 1A shall be not less than 10 cubic feet for each person. (d) The minimum cubic capacity of open boats of type 2B shall be not less than 9 cubic feet for each person. (e) The minimum deck capacity for open boats of type 2A and pontoon boats of type 2C shall be not less than 3)i square feet, and of pontoon boats of types 2B and 1C not less than 3}i square feet. (J) If after a practical demonstration it is found that there is a greater seating capacity than is allowed by the above, the number of square feet may be reduced, but never less than 3 square feet for each person. 59.33 Capacity limits, (a) Pontoon boats and pontoon rafts shall never be marked with a number of persons greater than that obtained in the manner specified in this section. This number shall be reduced: (1) When it is greater than the number of persons for which there is proper seating accommodation, the latter number being determined in such a way that the persons when seated do not interfere in any way with the use of the oars. (G-25) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (2) When in the case of boats other than those of the first two sections of the first class, the freeboard, when the boat is fully loaded, is less than the freeboard laid down for each type respectively. In such circumstances the number shall be reduced until the freeboard, when the boat is fully loaded, is at least equal to the standard freeboard laid down above. (b) In boats of types 1C and 2B the raised part of the deck at the sides may be regarded as affording seating accommodation. 59.34 Equivalents for and weight of the persons, (a) In test for determining the number of persons which a boat or pontoon raft can accommodate each person shall be assumed to be an adult person wearing a life preserver. (6) In verifications of freeboard the pontoon boats shall be loaded with a weight of at least 165 pounds for each adult person that the pontoon boat is authorized to carry. (c) In all cases two children under 12 years of age shall be reckoned as one person. 59.35 Numbering and marking of lifeboats, (a) The number of each lifeboat shall be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow in figures 3 inches high; and, where lifeboats are carried on both sides of a vessel, the odd-numbered boats shall be stowed on the starboard side and even-numbered boats on the port side; i. e., lifeboat No. 1 shall be forward on the starboard side, and lifeboat No. 3 next abaft lifeboat No. 1; lifeboat No. 2 shall be forward on the port side and lifeboat No. 4 next abaft lifeboard No. 2, etc. Where lifeboats are nested, the lifeboat under lifeboat No. 1 shall be numbered 1A, the lifeboat under lifeboat No. 2 shall be numbered 2 A, etc. (b) The cubical contents and number of persons allowed to be carried on each lifeboat shall be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow in letters and numbers 1 % inches high. In addition, the number of persons allowed shall be plainly marked or painted on the top of at least two of the thwarts in letters and numbers 3 inches high. Such letters and numbers shall be dark on a light ground or light on a dark ground. 59.36 Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching. The decks on which lifeboats of any class or life rafts are carried shall be kept clear of freight or any other obstruction that would interfere with the immediate launching of the lifeboats or life rafts. 59.37 Blocks and falls. Blocks and falls installed after January 1, 1942, shall conform to the following requirements: All blocks, falls, fairleads, padeyes, fastenings, etc., used in connection with lifeboat gear shall be designed with a minimum factor of safety of 6, based on the maximum working load. Where mechanical means for lowering are required, not more than two-part falls shall be used, except in specific cases where three-part falls may be accepted. Wire rope falls of 6 x 19 regular lay filler wire construction, prelubricated at the factory with suitable neutral wire rope lubricant, shall be accepted as standard. Any other type of wire superior or equally as good as the minimum standard specified may be used. Falls shall be of such length that the lifeboat may be lowered to the water at the lightest seagoing draft with the vessel listed to 15°. Falls shall be in readiness for use at all times. On vessels over 1,000 gross tons, not fitted with mechanical means for lowering, covered tubs, boxes, or reels shall be provided for the stowage of falls, and suitable lowering bitts shall be fitted in easily accessible positions. Where more than one- lifeboat is served by the same set of davits, if the falls are of manila rope, separate falls shall be provided to serve each lifeboat. Such blocks as are necessary to allow the falls to lead fair in all positions of the davit shall be fitted. Where mechanical means for lowering are provided, there shall be at least 8 feet between the center of the drum and the center of the nearest sheave. Sheaves for wire rope shall have a diameter at the base of the groove at least equal to 12 times the diameter of the rope. (G-26) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) There shall be ample clearance between the cheeks of blocks in which manila rope is used. The width between the cheeks shall be half an inch greater than the diameter of new ropes when those ropes are 3% inches in circumference or greater; blocks for smaller ropes shall be designed with clearance in the same proportion. Means for lubrication shall be provided for all moving parts of blocks. 59.38 Care of lifeboats. Lifeboats shall be stripped, cleaned, thoroughly overhauled, and painted at least once in every year. 59.39 Tests of lifeboats at annual inspection. The inspectors shall satisfy themselves that every lifeboat, together with its equipment, of all vessels, is in every respect in good con- dition and ready for immediate use. Every lifeboat, with its required equipment, of passen- ger vessels, shall be lowered to near the water and loaded to its allowed capacity, evenly dis- tributed throughout its length, and then lowered into the water afloat. In making this test, persons or deadweight may be used. If persons are used, the weight of each person shall average at least 140 pounds. When deadweight is used, the weight shall be equivalent to at least 140 pounds for each person allowed. 59.40 Size of boats, (a) No lifeboat for use on ocean steam vessels shall be of less than 180 cubic feet capacity, except that all pleasure steamers, and other steamers not exceeding 1,000 gross tons limited by their certificate of inspection to routes not exceeding 20 nautical miles offshore shall only be required to carry one lifeboat of 180 cubic feet capacity. Nothing, however, shall exempt such steamers from carrying the aggregate cubic capacity required by this part and Part 60. The minimum capacity of lifeboats for this class of vessels shall be 125 cubic feet. (b) The supervising inspector of the district may, in exceptional cases, permit lifeboats of less than 180 cubic feet as a substitute for said boat on steamers where the crew is insuffi- cient to properly handle a boat of that size, or where there is lack of space to properly carry so large a lifeboat, but in every such case the steamer shall be provided with one or more lifeboats efficient in character and large enough to carry every person on board, and in no case shall the lifeboat be of less capacity than 125 cubic feet. 59.41 Handling of boats and rafts. All the boats and rafts shall be stowed in such a way that they can be launched in the shortest possible time and that, even under unfavorable conditions of list and trim from the point of view of the handling of the boats and rafts, it may be possible to embark in them as large a number of persons as possible. The arrangements shall be such that it may be possible to launch on either side of the vessel as large a number of boats and rafts as possible. Where practicable, lifeboat chocks shall be so fitted that the lifeboats they serve shall not require lifting before launching. At least once in each interval of not longer than 3 months, the master of every inspected passenger vessel shall drill and exercise every member of the crew, except females, in pulling oars in the ship's lifeboats. In addition, the crew of the motor-propelled boats shall demonstrate their ability in the working of the engine and handling of the boat under power. 59.42 Life rafts: Drawings, specifications, name plate, and how marked, (a) All life rafts shall be substantially constructed in accordance with drawings, or blueprints, and specifications approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (6) Builders of life rafts shall furnish the supervising inspector of the district in which the life rafts are built drawings, or blueprints, and specifications showing and explaining the construction of same and showing the tensile strength and ductility of the metal used. Life rafts may be constructed of steel having a minimum tensile strength not less than 50,000 pounds per square inch and an elongation of at least 20 percent in a gage length of 8 inches ; or of wrought iron having a minimum tensile strength of 45,000 pounds per square inch and a minimum elongation of 12 percent in 8 inches; or of other approved metals. Where steel (G--27) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS is used and a minimum thickness of the metal is less than No. 16 B. W. G., the elongation shall not be less than 15 percent in a gage length of 8 inches. (c) Builders of life rafts shall affix a plate or other device to each life raft, having thereon the builder's name, the manufacturer for whom approved, number of raft, date of construction of raft, cubical contents of raft, and number of persons said raft will carry, as determined by the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (d) There shall be stenciled in a conspicuous place on each life raft now in use the number of persons said raft can carry, as hereinafter provided. 59.43 Inspection of life rafts when built. Supervising inspectors of districts where life rafts are built shall detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where life rafts are being built, whose duty it shall be to carefully inspect and examine the construction of such life rafts, and he shall satisfy himself that such life rafts are constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When the assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the raft he shall stamp his initials, together with the letters U. S. I., on a blank space on the plate required to be affixed to the raft by the builder. The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satisfactory evidence to all parties interested that the raft has been constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specification on file. This section shall apply to all life rafts constructed after June 30, 1912. 59.44 Construction of rafts of the catamaran type. All metal life-raft cylinders of more than 15 feet in length or of more than 16 inches in diameter shall be constructed of metal not less than No. 18 B. W. G. No life-raft cylinders shall be of less thickness of metal than No. 20 B. W. G. The retaining bands which secure the cylinders to the frames shall be made in halves, so that the cylinders may be detached without difficulty and without disassembling the body of the raft, for the purpose of inspection, cleaning, and painting, as required by § 59.46. Wooden guards and gunwales shall be secured to the retaining bands by angle-iron clips or by the jaws of the retaining bands. Iron rods extending across the raft at top and bottom shall pass through the gunwale and its securing clips or jaws at each end of the raft. The ends of the rods shall be properly secured with a screw nut inside and outside of the gunwale. All such cylinders shall be divided by watertight bulkheads into not less than three compartments of equal lengths. Cylinders over 9 feet in length shall be divided into equal lengths by watertight bulkheads into not less than one compartment for every 3 feet of its length. One of such bulkheads shall be at the extreme end of each cylinder or as near thereto as the flange of cone or bumped ends will permit. Each compartment shall be provided with a suitable air-pump connection of one-half inch outside diameter, fitted with airtight cap. Only countersunk-headed rivets shall be used in the construction of metallic life rafts. All seams and joints shall be properly double riveted. The above provisions of this section shall take effect only as to life rafts constructed after December 31, 1908. The circumferential as well as the longitudinal seams of life-raft cylinders shall be riveted and tightly calked, or securely hook-jointed and efficiently soldered, or properly and securely welded on rafts constructed after June 30, 1905. Such longitudinal seams shall be secured by not less than 12 rivets to each foot, circumferential seams by not less than 10 rivets to each foot, and bulkheads by not less than 8 rivets to each foot. Bulkhead flanges may be single riveted. The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. The framework connecting the cylinders of metallic life rafts shall be substantially (G-28) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) built and capable of resisting the strain which tends to break the cylinders apart when the raft is broadside on in surf or seaway. 59.45 Tests of air tanks of life rafts. Before any life raft is passed and accepted the air tanks thereof shall be tested in the presence of an inspector of this Bureau by an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch. At each subsequent annual inspec- tion, or often er, if in the opinion of the inspectors it is necessary or desirable, the inspectors shall satisfy themselves that the tanks are in good condition, but pressure need not be applied unless the inspectors are in doubt regarding the efficiency of the tanks. This does not take from the inspectors the right and authority to satisfy themselves at any time, either by examination or pressure, as to the condition of the tanks. 59.46 Care of life rafts. All life rafts shall be stripped, cleaned, painted, and thor- oughly overhauled at least once in every year, and inspectors shall carefully examine at all inspections the material which supports the platform of all life floats in order to determine to their satisfaction that the strength is maintained. If it is found that deterioration has begun it shall be corrected even to the extent of requiring the renewal of the platform- supporting device. 59.47 Approved life rafts. Any type of life rafts approved by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors shall be considered as equivalent to the standard raft above specified. 59.48 Clark life rafts. Clark life rafts shall be constructed, tested, and rated in accordance with the following specifications: (a) All cylinders of more than 16 inches in diameter shall be constructed of metal not less than No. 18 B. W. G., and no cylinder shall be of less thickness of metal than No. 20 B. W. G. Cylinders shall be provided with a suitable air-pump connection of one-half inch outside diameter, fitted with airtight cap. (b) The inspection of life rafts shall include the testing of each compartment by air pressure. (c) The circumferential as well as the longitudinal seams of cylinders shall be riveted and tightly calked, or securely hook-jointed and efficiently soldered, or properly and securely welded. Such longitudinal seams shall be secured by not less than 12 rivets to each foot, circumferential seams by not less than 10 rivets to each foot, and bulkheads by not less than 8 rivets to each foot. (d) Only countersunk-headed rivets shall be used in the construction of cylinders. The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. (e) The framework connecting the cylinders shall be substantially built and capable of resisting the strain which tends to break the raft apart when the raft is broadside on in surf or when in seaway. (J) There shall be allowed for each person carried not less than 3 cubic feet of air space and a deck area of not less than 4 square feet. (g) On and after May 1, 1917, the iron or steel bolts and nuts used in the construction of Clark rafts for service on salt water shall be galvanized. Nuts shall not be countersunk in the wood frame, but shall be protected by a wooden batten properly fitted over the nuts and fayed neatly to the frame. 59.50 Capacity and allowance of life rafts, (a) No type of raft may be approved unless it satisfies the following conditions: (1) It should be reversible and fitted with bulwarks of wood, canvas, or other suitable material on both sides. These bulwarks may be collapsible and shall be not less than 4 inches high. (2) It should be of such size, strength, and weight that it can be handled without me- chanical appliances, and, if necessary, be thrown from the vessel's deck. 403901°— 42 3 (G-29) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (3) It should have not less than 3 cubic feet of air cases or equivalent buoyancy for each person whom it can accommodate. (4) It should have a deck area of not less than 4 square feet for each person whom it can accommodate, and the platform should be not less than 6 inches above the water level when the raft is loaded. (5) The air tanks or equivalent buoyancy should be placed as near as possible to the sides of the raft. (b) Rafts shall never be allowed a greater number of persons than for whom there is proper seating capacity without interfering with the use of the oars. At least one-half of the number of life rafts on all steam vessels shall each have a capacity exceeding 15 persons. Tule and all other types of life rafts shall meet the requirements herein specified. 59.52 Equipment for life rafts. Life rafts shall be equipped as follows: (a) Distress signals. One watertight metal case containing 12 self -igniting red lights of same character as distress lights required for lifeboats, the container to be of the same material and construction as required for lifeboats. (b) Drinking cups. Two enameled drinking cups. (c) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the raft, festooned to the gunwales in bights not longer than 3 feet with seine float in each bight. (d) Matches. One box of friction matches in a watertight container. (e) Oars. Four oars. (f) Painter. One painter of manila rope not less than 2% inches in circumference and a length not less than three times the distance between the boat deck and the light draft. (g) Provisions. One airtight receptacle containing 2 pounds of provisions for each person. These provisions may be of hard bread or its equivalent in any approved emer- gency ration of cereal or vegetable compound. No meat or other ration requiring saline preservative shall be allowed. The receptacle shall be of metal fitted with an opening in the top not less than 5 inches in diameter properly protected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass with machine thread and an attached double toggle, seating to a pliable rubber or felt gasket, which shall insure a tight joint. (h) Rowlocks. Five rowlocks attached by separate chains. (i) Sea anchor. One sea -anchor constructed of good quality canvas or other satisfac- tory material; and, if of circular pattern, shall be not less than 2 feet in diameter. (j) Self -igniting water light. One self -igniting water light of approved type. (k) Storm oil. One container holding 1 gallon of vegetable or animal oil so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water, and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea anchor. (1) Water breakers. Wooden breakers or suitable tanks fitted with spigots for drawing water and containing at least 1 quart of water for each person. 59.53 Certificated lifeboatmen ; manning of boats. There shall be for each boat jr life raft a number of lifeboatmen at least equal to that specified in the following table: The minimum number T „ , ., , . , . of certificated lifeboatmen If the prescribed complement is — ■ shall be— Less than 41 persons 2 From 41 to 61 persons 3 From 62 to 85 persons 4 Above 85 persons 5 The allocation of the certificated lifeboatmen to each boat and raft remains within the discretion of the master, according to the circumstances. 59.54 Manning of the boats, (a) A licensed deck officer or a certificated lifeboatman shall be placed in charge of each boat or life raft by the master, and a second in command (G-30) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) shall also be nominated by the master. The person in charge shall have a list of its crew, and shall see that the men placed under his orders are acquainted with their several duties. (b) A man capable of working the motor shall be assigned to each motorboat by the master. (c) A man capable of working the wireless and searchlight installations shall be assigned to boats carrying this equipment by the master. (d) The duty of seeing that the lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus and other lifesaving apparatus are at all times ready for use shall be assigned to one or more officers. 59.54a Buoyant apparatus — (a) Definition. Buoyant apparatus is defined as buoyant deck seats, buoyant deck chairs, and life floats or other apparatus, having buoyancy except lifeboats, life buoys, and life preservers, and no buoyant apparatus shall be approved which requires any adjustment or preparation. (b) General requirements. Buoyant apparatus shall conform to the following general requirements : (1) Its construction shall be of material and workmanship adequate for the purpose intended. (2) It shall be effective and stable floating either side up. (3) It shall have a line securely becketed around the outside and/or pendants to accom- modate the number of persons allowed. (4) It shall be of such size, strength, and weight as to be handled without mechanical appliances and thrown without damage from the deck where stowed. (5) Its weight shall in no case exceed 200 pounds. (6) It shall have air cases or equivalent buoyancy placed as near as possible to its sides. (c) Capacity. (1) The number of persons for which any type of buoyant apparatus may be deemed suitable shall be determined, subject to the result of the stability test by the least of the numbers ascertained, as follows: (i) Number of pounds of iron the apparatus is capable of supporting in fresh water, divided by 32 ; (ii) the number of feet in the perimeter. (2) The divisor given in subparagraph (1) shall be required to be increased where the apparatus is designed so that persons supported are only partially immersed in the water, or where facilities are provided for climbing onto the top of it. (d) Stability. Every type of buoyant apparatus shall be capable of supporting along any edge, without capsizing, a weight of iron 15 pounds per foot length suspended in the water from the life lines. Where the length of the edge is 4 feet or less the minimum weight of iron suspended from any edge shall be 60 pounds. (e) Test for strength. Every new type of buoyant apparatus shall be tested for strength by dropping a sample into the water from a height of 60 feet. (f) Air tanks — (1) Material. Where metal air tanks furnish the buoyancy of the apparatus, they shall be constructed of best-quality copper or yellow metal of not less than 18 ounces to the superficial foot. All joints shall be securely hook-jointed and efficiently sold- ered, or properly and securely welded. Air tanks shall be fitted with suitable testing nipples, and when testing same an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch shall be used. (2) Size. Air tanks shall be not more than 4 feet in length, but where more than 2 feet 6 inches in length or breadth they shall be efficiently stiffened by divisions or stays. At no time shall tbe cases be pierced for the attachment of wood divisions or stays, nor for any other purpose. (3) Protection. Air tanks shall not be placed in contact with metal ironwork, and they shall be protected from injury by properly fitted solid wood casing and secured against movement therein. (G-31) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (g) Name plate. Each piece of buoyant apparatus shall have a brass plate or its equivalent affixed thereon by the builder, and bearing his name and address, the words "Buoyant apparatus," the number of the apparatus, date of construction, dimensions and number of persons allowed. (h) Factory inspection. Buoyant apparatus shall be examined at the factory by an inspector of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, who shall satisfy himself that it has been constructed in accordance with plans and specifications on file in the office of the supervising inspector of the district, after which he shall stamp the initials of his name, the letters U. S. I. and the date on the name plate. 59.54b Equipment for buoyant apparatus. Buoyant apparatus designed to accom- modate 25 persons or more shall be fitted and equipped as follows: (a) Life line. One life line properly secured entirely around the sides and ends of the buoyant apparatus, festooned to the gunwales in bights not longer than 3 feet with seine float in each bight. (b) Painter. One painter of sufficient strength properly secured to the buoyant apparatus so that the buoyant apparatus may be lowered from the deck where stowed to the water. It shall be of good quality manila rope not less than 2 inches in circumference and at least equal in length to the height of the boat deck where stowed to the vessel's light seagoing draft plus 6 feet. (c) Self-igniting water light. One self-igniting water light of approved type. (d) Exceptions. Buoyant apparatus designed to accommodate less than 25 persons shall not be required to be equipped with a self-igniting water light. Such apparatus weigh- ing less than 75 pounds shall not be required to have a painter for lowering. 59.55 Life preservers — (a) General provisions. Every vessel inspected under the provisions of title LII, Revised Statutes of the United States, shall be provided with one good life preserver, having the approval of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, for each and every person carried, and every vessel carrying passengers shall have in addition thereto a number of life preservers suitable for children equal to at least 10 percent of the total number of persons carried. Every life preserver adjustable to the body of an adult person, manufactured after February 10, 1923, shall be of the reversible type, made of suitable material approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, with straps properly attached on each side of the body of the life preserver (thus making it reversible) , with recesses under the arms, thereby allowing the front and back sections to fit around the upper part of the wearer, and held in place by the straps, and the upper part of the life preserver shall be made vest-like cut so as to fit snugly over the shoulders, the whole so constructed as to place the main buoyant body of the device underneath the shoulders and around the body in a manner that it will support the person wearing it in an upright or a slightly backward position. All such life preservers shall be not less than 52 inches in length when measured laid flat, and every life preserver shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 24 hours and attached weight so arranged that whether the said weight be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull upon said life preserver of at least 20 pounds. All life preservers shall be covered with unbleached, uncolored, or chrome yellow (vat dye) cotton drill or twill without filling or sizing, weighing not less than 7.2 ounces to the square yard, except that vivatex or its equivalent may be used where it is of a weight not less than 10.2 ounces for each square yard. The covering shall be in not more than two pieces, one piece forming either side. The lower longitudinal edge of the covering seam shall be turned to a roll and closely rope stitched. The straps or other approved means of securing the life preserver about the body of the wearer shall be of double- woven cotton tape of \){ inches width with two selvage or cord (G-32) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) edges, of 175 pounds tensile strength, extending along both sides of the life preserver and secured thereto in a permanent manner, so as to make such life preserver reversible, the ends of the straps extending 12 inches beyond the ends of the jacket: Provided, That when it becomes necessary to replace belt straps on life preservers of the single-belt type, it shall be done in the foregoing manner, so as to make such repaired life preservers reversible. All thread used in the construction of life preservers shall be of a size and strength not less than Barbour's linen, three-cord, No. 25, machine thread, and any thread other than linen shall be approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors before being permitted to be used. All seams and other machine sewing on life preservers shall be with a short lock stitch, not less than eight stitches to the inch. Cork block life preservers shall contain an aggregate weight of 5}£ pounds of good cork in the body thereof, and where the blocks are made up of separate pieces said pieces shall be fastened with noncorrosive materials. Blocks of compressed cork when used in life preservers shall weigh in the aggregate not less than b% pounds in the body thereof, and shall be so constructed that said blocks will sus- tain, without disintegration or substantial expansion, a submersion test satisfactory to the inspector examining the same, and that at the expiration of such test shall have the buoyancy above required. Blocks of balsa wood or sheaves of tule when used in life preservers shall fulfill the same requirements as for life preservers constructed of solid or compressed cork as to construc- tion, material in cover, straps, and thread, and be subjected to similar tests for buoyancy. The edges, corners, and outside surface of block material used in the construction of life preservers shall present a smooth surface to guard against undue destruction of the cover- ing material and present suitable smooth surface for legible stenciling and stamping by the inspectors making the inspection. When a kapok collar is provided, it shall be filled with prime Java kapok, efficiently tufted, such collar filling to weigh at least 10 ounces, and every such kapok collar shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 48 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the weight shall be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation pull of at least 1 1 times the weight of the completed collar or collar sample under- going the test. Such kapok supporting collars and all other supporting collars shall be subjected to buoyancy test separate and independent to that of the test required for the body of the life preserver. Every new type of life preserver submitted to the Board of Supervising Inspectors for approval shall be accompanied by specifications, blue prints, or drawings, in triplicate, and no such type of life preserver shall be approved without an actual satisfactory service test being witnessed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. All life preservers shall be marked with the name and address of the manufacturer. After September 2, 1921, no life preserver shall be passed at the factory inspection which does not fulfill the foregoing requirements, but life preservers now in use or already passed at factory inspection may be used on board vessels, provided they are constructed in accord- ance with the laws and regulations in force up to the date of September 2, 1921, and are in good and serviceable condition: Provided, That life preservers that have deteriorated to the extent of requiring new covers may be used upon vessels under the jurisdiction of this Bureau when reconstructed in a manner to conform in every particular with the foregoing require- ments. Inspectors are required to direct such life preservers to be distributed throughout the cabins, staterooms, berths, and other places convenient for passengers on such steamers, and there shall be a printed notice posted in every cabin and stateroom and in conspicuous places (G-33) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS about the deck informing passengers of the location of life preservers and of the mode of applying or adjusting the same. Life preservers on passenger, excursion, and ferry steamers when stowed overhead shall be so supported that they can be quickly released and distributed among the passengers, and the inspector shall satisfy himself as to the efficiency of the means used for such purpose by actual experiment; and when such life preservers are stowed over- head at a height greater than 7 feet from the deck below, efficient means shall be provided for such immediate release and distribution to be operated by persons standing on the deck below. The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a local or assistant inspector to any place where approved live preservers are manufactured, whose duty it shall be to test and examine all life preservers manufactured at that place and satisfy himself that such life preservers are in accordance with the requirements of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. When found to be in accordance with the requirements, the inspector shall stamp them with a stamp bearing the initials of his name and the date of examination and certifying that tbey have been examined and passed. When life preservers are so stamped, it shall be prima facie evidence that they comply with the requirements of law and regulations as to their original construction, and they may thereafter be accepted by inspectors, in their discretion, as being in accordance with the rules and regidations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. At each annual inspection of any vessel, and oftener if deemed necessary, it shall be the duty of the inspectors making the inspection to examine and inspect all life preservers in the equipment of such vessel and satisfy themselves (or himself) that such life preservers are in accordance with the requirements of the Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, That when any block of compressed cork used in a compressed-cork type life preserver is found to be in a broken or granulated condition, such compressed-cork block shall be con- demned as unfit for further use. When found to be in accordance with the requirements, the inspector shall plainly stamp them with a stamp bearing the word "Passed," his initials, the inspector's port, and the date of approval: Provided, That at the annual inspection of a vessel, or oftener if necessary, at least 5 percent of all kapok life preservers, or such greater number as may be deemed necessary or desirable, shall be subjected to a buoyancy test, as follows: Life preserver containing kapok as buoyant material in the body thereof, if for the use of adults, shall be subjected to. a test for buoyancy by being entirely submerged for a period of 2 hours, after which it shall be capable of sustaining in water an attached weight having an actual downward gravitation pull of 20 pounds when the weight is submerged, and kapok life preservers with kapok collars shall be subjected to a similar test, except that the attached weight shall have an actual downward gravitation pull of 28 pounds when the weight is submerged. The test for children's life preservers shall be the same as the test for adults' life preservers except the final test for buoyancy, which shall be by a submerged weight of 10 pounds for life preservers without collar and 14 pounds for life preservers with collar. Any such life preserver failing to meet the required test shall be immediately condemned and removed from the vessel's equipment, and a full detailed report of every such failure shall be immediately forwarded to the supervising inspector of the district having jurisdiction. Inspectors inspecting Government vessels upon request of any department of the Government may accept life preservers made under the specifications of any department of the Government, and stamp same with the inspector's stamp and an additional stamp bear- ing the legend "U. S." within a circle for identification, with the understanding that they are not to be used except upon Government vessels and will not be allowed as any part of the equipment of vessels under the jurisdiction of this Bureau. Every life preserver for the use of children shall be made of suitable material approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, capable of sustaining in water a weight of 10 pounds (G-34) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) for a period of 24 hours, and of the same general form of construction as to material and design as required for an adult's life preserver. Each life preserver shall be marked on the front compartment "Adults," if for the use of adults; and "Children," if for the use of children; and if of a character suitable for the use of both adults and children, it shall be so marked. Life preservers which depend upon inflation or air compartments for buoyancy, or which are constructed of loose granulated material or any other material not approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, shall not be allowed. Any life preserver hereafter approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors may be accepted in lieu of those specified in this section. (b) Kapok life preservers. Every type of kapok life preserver used on any vessel subject to inspection by this Bureau shall first be approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. The life preservers receiving such approval shall conform in every respect to the sample submitted to the board. Kapok life preservers to receive the approval of the board shall be simple in design and of a character to support the wearer in an upright or slightly backward position. The life preserver shall be filled with not less than \% pounds of prime Java kapok and shall be suitably and efficiently tufted. It shall be tested for buoyancy as follows: (1) At least 1 life preserver from each lot of 250 shall be selected indiscriminately by an inspector of this Bureau for buoyancy test. (2) The life preserver shall be submerged in a tank of fresh water for a period of 48 hours. (3) The life preserver shall then support in fresh water a submerged weight of 20 pounds for a period of 24 hours. Whenever life preservers contain more than \}{ pounds of kapok in the body thereof the buoyant test shall be made in the ratio of 20 pounds to each l){ pounds of kapok. When a kapok collar is provided, it shall be filled with prime Java kapok, efficiently tufted, such collar filling to weigh at least 10 ounces, and every such kapok collar shall be capable of sustaining for a continuous period of at least 48 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the weight shall be submerged or not there shall be a direct down- ward gravitation pull of at least 1 1 times the weight of the completed collar or collar sample undergoing the test. Such kapok supporting collars and all other supporting collars shall be subjected to a buoyancy test separate and independent to that of the test required for the body of the life preserver. All approved kapok life preservers shall be marked with the name and address of the manufacturer. Each life preserver shall be marked on the front compartment "Adults," if for the use of adults; and "Children," if for the use of children; and if of a character suitable for the use of both adults and children, it shall be so marked. For each lot of 250 life preservers the manufacturer shall submit to the local inspectors of the district in which manufactured an affidavit setting forth the material with which the life preservers are filled and that the life preservers meet hi every respect the requirements of the General Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. Every life pre- server meeting the above requirements shall be inspected by an inspector of this Bureau and stamped with his initials and the date of inspection. (c) Balsa wood life preservers. The balsa wood used in the manufacture of life pre- servers shall be of the genus Ochroma, thoroughly kiln dried, and heat treated to a moisture content not to exceed 5 percent, and shall weigh not more than 8 pounds per cubic foot when thoroughly dry. It shall be sound, free from rot, dote, knots, pith, checks, and other injuri- ous defects. (0-35) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Balsa wood life preservers shall contain not- less than 770 cubic inches of balsa wood in the body thereof, and said wood shall weigh not more than 3 pounds, 10 ounces. In the construction of the eight-block vest-type balsa wood life preserver, the following sizes of blocks, or the equivalent, shall be used: 4 blocks l%" x 5" x 9" and 4 blocks l%" x 5" x 13". 59.56 Ring life buoys — (a) Number required. The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights shall be attached is fixed by the following table: Length of vessel Minimum number of buoys Minimum number of buoys to which water lights shall be attached Under 200 feet ... .. ... - 8 12 18 24 30 6 6 9 12 15 200 feet and under 400 feet 400 feet and under 600 feet. . - 600 feet and under 800 feet .... Note. — One life buoy on each side of a vessel shall have an attached line at least 15 fathoms in length. (b) Distribution and securing of life buoys and water lights. All life buoys and water lights shall be distributed and secured as follows: (1) All life buoys shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to the persons on board, and their positions plainly indicated so as to be known to the persons concerned. (2) The buoys shall always be capable of being cast loose, and shall not be permanently secured in any way. (c) Buoyancy. Life buoys shall be capable of sustaining in fresh water for a continuous period of 24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether said weight be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitational pull upon the buoy of not less than 32 pounds. The required buoyancy may be supplied by solid cork or any other equivalent material, but no life buoy shall be approved which is filled with rushes, cork shavings or granulated cork, or any other loose granulated material, or whose buoyancy depends upon air compartments which require to be inflated. LonetiiA Section A- A Cover partly removed to show break in jo/nts STANDARD RING LIFE BUOY (d) Standard ring life buoys. Ring buoys of the standard type shall conform to the following sketch and shall be of not less than 30 inches outside diameter and not less than 17 (G-36) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) inches inside diameter, but any form of construction which will meet the general purposes of this specification may be used after having been approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (e) Buoyant material. The buoyant material shall be of sheet cork weighing not more than 12 pounds per cubic foot. The cork shall be in two layers or thicknesses. The cork sheets shall be flattened and smoothed so that the back or outside hard crust is removed sufficiently to give a smooth surface for gluing. One layer shall be built of segments not to exceed four in number. The other layer may be built of segments not to exceed eight in number. The ends of all segments shall be fitted neatly and glued securely one to the other. The two layers shall be neatly joined and properly and securely dowel-pinned and glued firmly together, with joints staggered or broken. When completed, the outside of the life buoy shall be of good, sound corkwood finished to a smooth surface. (f) Glue. The glue used shall be insoluble in water, and the finished life buoy shall stand steaming at a pressure of 2 pounds for a period of 30 minutes without disintegration or other positive indications of the glue losing its adhesive properties. (g) Strength. The body of the life buoy before covering shall withstand a downward gravity pull of 200 pounds, the weight to be attached to the life buoy body by a sling cover- ing a surface of 2 linear inches without breaking, without rupture of the joints, or without showing a maximum elongation of internal diameter in excess of 1% inches while the weight is attached and after being under this test for a period of 30 minutes. (h) Covering. The life buoy shall be covered with cloth of sufficient weight and strength to protect fully the body of the life buoy, such material to be a strength at least equal to unbleached single-filling cotton duck having a weight of 10 ounces per square yard. (i) Sewing. The cover shall be constructed and placed on the body of the life buoy in a substantial manner. All seams and other machine sewing on the life buoy shall be with a short lock stitch not less than eight stitches to the inch. The inside seam shall be sewed with a rope stitch not less than three stitches to the inch. All thread used in the construc- tion of the life buoy shall be No. 16, three-cord linen. (j) Beckets. Four beckets 2}i inches wide, made from the same material as the cover- ing of the buoy, shall be securely attached to the life buoy and spaced an equal distance from each other. (k) Grab line. A grab line shall pass through the beckets which shall be sewed tightly together to prevent slipping. The line shall be manila, % inch in diameter, three-ply, medium quality having the ends securely and neatly spliced, the line to be festooned in bights around the outer edge of the life buoy. (I) Factory inspection of life buoys. The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a local or assistant inspector to any place where ring life buoys are manufactured within his district, whose duty it shall be to test and examine all such buoys manufactured at that place. When a ring life buoy is found to be in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors the inspector shall stamp the buoyant material, and, after completion of the buoy, shall stamp the cover with the word "Passed," his initials, the inspection port, and the date of approval. The buoyant material and the cover shall also be stamped by the manufacturer with the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer. 59.57 Self-igniting water lights. The self-igniting water lights for ring buoys and life rafts shall consist of a cylinder (with bumped heads or ends) made of good sheet copper of not less than 0.022 inch thick, and shall be so designed as to be nonexplosive, and shall be free from any defects which may affect the serviceability or operation of the light. The cylinder shall be sufficiently weighted in the bottom to recover and maintain an upright position in the water, and all circumferential and horizontal seams of the cylinder shall be (G-37) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS hook-jointed and soldered, and the top circumferential seam shall be flush, so as to prevent the lodgment of water. The cylinder shall be provided with a plug or other device of such character that when removed from the cylinder sufficient water will be admitted to insure the prompt and effi- cient action of the light, regardless of whether the cylinder when first striking the water becomes completely submerged. The removal of the plug or device shall be effected by the operation of a lanyard attached to the buoy and to the plug or device on the cylinder, and shall be so arranged and con- structed that the weight of the buoy when thrown overboard will automatically disengage the plug or device, and will insure that the light will self-ignite within one minute after reaching the surface of the water. The cylinder shall contain calcium carbide (taken from fresh stock entirely free from the white powdery substance resulting from exposure to the air) and calcium phosphide sufficient to create a brilliant flame of at least 150 candlepower, which shall be maintained and burn for a continuous period of not less than 45 minutes without emitting obnoxious fumes. If at any time during this period the flame is extinguished, due to the total sub- mersion of the light, the light shall self-ignite upon coming to the surface. The self-igniting water lights required for life rafts shall meet the requirements of this section except that the plug or device may be removed by manual action instead of by automatic action of the buoy lanyard above referred to. The cylinder shall be plainly marked with the word "Top" at its top end and perma- nently indented or embossed with the name and address of the manufacturer, the year of manufacture (the use of labels of any description for this purpose is strictly forbidden), and with the statement that the device meets in every way the requirements of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. On and after July 1, 1924, no type or make of water light will be approved which has not been tested by the Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and found to con- form in all respects to the requirements in this part. 59.60 Line- carrying guns and equipment. All ocean vessels shall be equipped with a line-carrying gun and equipment auxiliary thereto, as specified in this part. 59.61 Line-throwing appliances — (a) Types. (1) Vessels of 300 gross tons and over shall be equipped with a mounted-type gun, either breech or muzzle loading; similar in size, performance, and general design to the guns used by the United States Coast Guard. (2) Vessels under 300 gross tons may use the so-called "shoulder gun," the require- ments of which are set forth in a subsequent section under that heading. (b) Muzzle-loading guns. The muzzle-loading type of gun shall be of steel or of bronze not less than 20 inches long, 2}i inches smooth bore, and weigh with its carriage not more than 200 pounds. It shall have a primer hole fitted in the upper wall. On guns manufactured after December 31, 1940, the primer hole shall be drilled into the gun barrel and protected against burring by a taper countersink extending into the barrel to a depth of one-eighth of an inch. The outside diameter of the countersink shall be five-eighths of an inch plus or minus one-sixteenth of an inch. The use of core supporting pins extending into the wall of the gun is not permitted. The gun shall be mounted in a carriage on trunnions or other suitable mechanism so as to permit of elevation up to 35°. The carriage may be of wood, reinforced with metal or recesses properly spaced to receive the gun trunnions of other supporting mechanisms. These recesses or seats shall be fitted with detachable trunnion cap squares or a similar device to permit easy mounting and dismounting of the gun. The carriage shall be so constructed that the gun may be secured in elevation. Rings, eyebolts, or other efficient device shall be fitted to the carriage for securing it in position for firing. (G-38) BOATS, EAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) (c) Breech-loading guns. (1) The breech-loading type of gun shall be of the materials specified for the muzzle-loading type. It shall also approximate the dimensions and weight required for the muzzle-loading gun and shall be smooth bored. It shall be equipped with suitable breech closing and locking devices, capable of withstanding pressures of 23,500 pounds per square inch. A breech-loading gun must incorporate in its design a suitable gas- checking device to prevent the escape of gas to the rear. (2) The mount shall be of the slide and carriage type and shall be provided with a suit- able recoil-checking mechanism. The slide shall include a means of carrying or mounting the gun so as to permit recoil and the recoil-checking mechanism. It shall be fitted with trun- nions which shall rest in the trunnion seats of the carriage so as to permit the gun and slide to be elevated up to 35°. The carriage shall be a U- or a Y-shaped casting having at its base a pivot which will fit in a rail socket or socket stand, thus permitting motion of the gun, slide, and carriage in train. It shall afford suitable trunnion seats fitted with cap squares and bolts. There shall be incorporated in this type of mount efficient means for securing the gun in elevation and train. (d) Material used in guns. (1) Material used in the construction of bronze guns shall have a tensile strength of not less than 65,000 pounds per square inch with an elongation of not less than 20 percent in 2 inches and a reduction of area not less than 25 percent. (2) Material used in the construction of steel guns shall have a tensile strength of not less than 65,000 pounds per square inch with an elongation of not less than 20 percent in a length of 2 inches. (3) The manufacturer shall furnish the supervising inspector in whose district the gun is tested a sample of the material used in its construction, accompanied by an affidavit that the specimen submitted actually and correctly represents the material used. The sample shall be distinctly marked with the number appearing on the gun it represents, and shall conform to the dimensions as shown in the diagram following: N^=£ — A n* 3 INCHES- k < Z INCHES- r -a. INCHES =n 7/NCHES (e) Line -carrying gun equipment — (1) Service projectiles. Six service projectiles shall be supplied with each gun. These projectiles shall weigh not less than 17 pounds nor more than 18 pounds each. They shall be smoothly turned and finished and shall have a windage of not more than 0.015 nor less than 0.002 of an inch. The upper end shall carry an eyebolt or shank of sufficient length to project slightly beyond the muzzle. This eyebolt or shank shall afford an eye for securing the line. Projectiles shall be of such character as to be readily withdrawn from the gun whenever necessary or desirable. (2) Service lines. Four service projectile lines shall be supplied with each gun, and shall be not less than seven-thirty-seconds of an inch nor more than nine-thirty-seconds of an inch in diameter, and at least 1,700 feet long. They shall conform to the following require- ments: (i) They shall be either 3-strand, soft-laid best quality flax or regularly laid best quality (G-39) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS manila. Each line shall be in one continuous length without splice, knot or other retarding or weakening feature and have a breaking strain of not less than 500 pounds. (ii) The end of the line intended to be attached to the projectile shall have securely- attached thereto a substantial tag bearing a permanent legend indicating its purpose; the other end of the line shall be tagged in the same manner to prevent delay in securing proper and immediate action with the equipment. (iii) Each line shall be coiled, faked, or reeled in its own faking box or reel in such manner that when all the line leaves the container it shall automatically become unattached and free from the container. (3) Line container. The faking box or reel shall be of such size as to accommodate the size and type of line used. The faking box shall have a frame slightly larger than the box with a row of wooden pins set vertically into its four sides. It shall have a false bottom which shall be a tablet of wood pierced with holes corresponding to the pins and shall fit down over the pins until it reaches their base and rests on the frame. The frame shall be equipped with proper hooks for securing it to the box after the line has been faked on the pins. The reel type container shall consist of a reel upon which the line may be readily coiled and a canister or container into which the coiled line may be placed which will afford a fair lead through which the line may pay out. The reel must be so designed as to permit easy withdrawal after the line has been coiled. (4) Statement of manufacturer. The container of the line shall bear the name of the manufacturer and a statement to the effect that in all respects the line meets the requirements specified in paragraph (e) (2) , for service lines. (5) Primers. Primers used with the breech-loading gun shall be of the percussion type. Primers used with the muzzle-loading gun shall be of the friction type. At least 25 primers shall be carried at all times. (6) Auxiliary line. At least 1,500 feet of 3-inch manila line shall be carried by vessels of over 300 gross tons. This line shall be considered as part of the line-carrying gun equip- ment, and shall be maintained in first-class condition at all times. (7) Accessibility. The line-carrying gun and its equipment shall be kept always easily and immediately accessible and ready for use. No part of this equipment shall be used for any other purpose. (f) Factory tests — (1) Tests and approval. A mounted line-carrying gun shall be tested in the presence of the supervising inspector of the district by firing three rounds from the gun. At least one round shall carry the regular service projectile with one of the service lines attached for a distance of at least 1,050 feet without breaking or fouling the line, under conditions of a reasonably still atmosphere. The other rounds shall be fired with not less than the same weight powder charge used in the above test, and one shall be fired with not less than an 8-ounce charge. The projectiles used for these shots shall be of the same weight as the service projectile, but no line need be attached. Test shots shall be fired from the gun when mounted on its own carriage, lashed as in shipboard use. After the test has been satisfactorily completed, the gun and carriage shall show no signs of fracture or damage. (2) Marking of gun and equipment and filing report. The mounted-type, line-carrying gun and its equipment, i. e., carriage, line box, or reel and projectiles shall all bear the same number and be initialed by the inspector who observes the test. He shall file a report of the test, together with the number of the gun, the date, and the result, in the office of the supervising inspector in whose district the test is made, and the supervising inspector shall furnish the manufacturer a copy of the report. (g) Shoulder gun — (1 ) Where allowed. Vessels of 300 gross tons and under may use the shoulder gun as a means of propelling a line-carrying projectile. (2) Type. The shoulder line-carrying gun shall be a breech-loading gun of 0.45 or 0.50 (G-40) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) caliber, chambered for blank rifle cartridges, smooth bored and properly stocked. It shall be contained in a suitable case, together with the following equipment: 3 shot lines, 10 pro- jectiles, 25 cartridges, 1 cleaning rod, 1 can of oil, and 1 book of instructions, and conform to the following requirements: (i) The projectiles shall be machined from steel or bronze, weigh about 8 ounces, and have a shank of sufficient length to project slightly beyond the muzzle. The shank shall be made in one with the projectile and have at its upper end an eye for securing the line. (ii) The line shall be at least 400 feet in length and have a circumference of about three- eighths of an inch. It shall be woven, or laid up, of cotton or flax and be very flexible, and have a breaking strain of not less than 250 pounds. It shall be made up, or coiled in such way as to render it ready at all times for immediate use, the coil or other device to permit the free running of the line when the gun is fired. (3) Auxiliary line. At least 500 feet of 3-inch manila line shall be carried as an aux- iliary line for use with the shoulder line-carrying equipment. This line shall be considered as part of the shoulder-gun, line-carrying equipment and maintained in first-class condition at all times. (4) Accessibility. The shoulder-gun, line-carrying equipment shall be kept always easily and immediately accessible and ready for use and no part of this equipment shall be used for any other purpose. (5) Test. The projectile shall be thrown, under conditions of a reasonably still atmos- phere, for a distance of not less than 250 feet without fouling or breaking the line. (h) Service recommendations — (1) Mounted type. The following precautions and procedure are recommended for the use of mounted-type, line-carrying guns and equipment: (i) Service powder charge should be about 5 ounces, and the powder bags should be fur- nished to the vessel containing not more than that quantity of black powder. Under extra- ordinary circumstances, 8 ounces may be used. (ii) In making the line fast to the shank, pass it through the eye and take three or more half-hitches around its own part, leaving a loop of about 10 or 12 inches and taking the hitches about 6 inches apart. This will allow the line to slip slightly through the eye of the shank before the hitches fetch up, thus easing the strain on the line at the loop during the initial acceleration. (iii) A considerable bight lead over the side is recommended wherever possible, as it will tend to lessen the jerk on the line at initial acceleration. (iv) At least a fathom of the line from the shank should be thoroughly wet before using to prevent burning. (v) The faking box or reel should always be faced in the direction of the line of fire and placed abreast of the gun and as close to the ship's side as possible. It is not advisable to place the line too close to the muzzle of the gun, as the concussion may lift several layers or coils from the top, causing a snarl which in turn may cause the line to part. (vi) Care should be taken in placing the equipment to prevent fouling of the line in rigging, ridge ropes, etc., which have a tendency to rise or jump up when the gun is fired. (vii) Having made the gun and equipment ready for use, the following procedure in firing is recommended: Select a place where the gun may recoil without striking anything, or where it may be securely lashed down. Note the position of the vessel to be relieved, her distance, and the direction and approxi- mate force of the wind, and then place the gun in position, making allowance for the drift of the line. Place the line on the windward side of the gun and about 3 feet from it. Make the line fast in the eye of the shank and insert the powder charge, projectile, and primer. In loading, make sure that the projectile is seated against the powder charge. CG-41) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (viii) After using, the lines should be thoroughly dried before rewinding or faking. (2) Shoulder type. In using the shoulder, line-throwing-type gun, the following pre- cautions should be observed: (i) Care should be taken to prevent fouling of the line in rigging, ridge ropes, etc., which have a tendency to rise or jump up when the gun is fired. (ii) Tbe projectile should be seated in the end of the cartridge case. (iii) If fired near the ship's side, the gun must be held firmly to prevent it from "jumping" overboard. (iv) The line should be wet thoroughly for 2 or 3 feet from the shank to prevent burning. (v) The use of a "reduced load" cartridge is recommended, containing 50 grains of powder instead of 70. (vi) After using, the line should be thoroughly dried before rewinding or faking. (vii) In using this equipment the instructions furnished by the manufacturer shall be followed. (i) DriHs. The master of a vessel equipped with a line-carrying gun shall drill his crew in its use and require it to be fired at least once in every 3 months, using one-half the usual charge of powder and any ordinary line of proper length. The service line shall not be used for drill purposes. Each drill shall be recorded in the ship's log book. (j) Placard instructions. A placard with instructions for using the gun apparatus, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard, shall be posted in the pilot house and engine room, and seamen's, firemen's and stewards' departments of every vessel required by law to carry such gun apparatus. 59.62 Extra steering apparatus. Extra steering apparatus consisting of relieving tackles or tiller shall be provided for all steamers: Provided, however, That where a steamer is equipped with auxiliary steam or hand steering gear attached to rudder entirely independent of the regular steering gear same may be used in lieu of the relieving tacldes or tiller required. Where reasonable and practicable, there shall be provided an efficient means of com- munication between the pilot house and the emergency steering station, and the steering- engine room. Likewise, the emergency steering wheel shall be located on the after weather deck. 59.63 Embarkation aids — (a) Ladders. Vessels carrying passengers shall be provided with suitable ladders to enable passengers to descend to lifeboats and life rafts, one such ladder being provided for each set of boat davits. These ladders shall be kept ready and convenient for use on the lifeboat deck, and shall reach from such deck to the vessel's light water line. They shall be reversible and free from garment-entangling projections. (b) Illumination for boat-launching operations. (1) Provision shall be made on all passenger vessels, where the boat deck is more than 30 feet above the water line at the lightest seagoing draft, for readily and continuously available illumination from the vessel of lifeboats when along side and in process of or immediately after being launched. There shall be a self-contained source capable of supplying, when necessary, this safety lighting system and placed in the upper part of the vessel above the bulkhead deck. (2) The emergency generating set will ordinarily provide a satisfactory source of illu- mination, and, where used for this purpose, it shall be of sufficient power to provide for such illumination in addition to other demands made upon the set. 59.64 Bulkheads on passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons, (a) Every mechan- ically propelled vessel carrying passengers for hire shall have not less than three watertight transverse bulkheads properly secured to the hull of the vessel. The arrangement of the bulkheads shall be such that the vessel will remain afloat in the event any one main compart- ment is flooded. (Effective on and after January 1, 1943.) (b) A forepeak or collision bulkhead shall be fitted and located not less than 5 percent (G-42) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (OCEAN) of the length of the vessel, and not more than 10 feet plus 5 percent of the length of the vessel from the bow, at load water line. (c) One bulkhead shall be fitted at the forward end of the machinery space (which includes boiler space) and one bulkhead shall be fitted at the aft end of the machinery space. Other transverse bulkheads shall be so located as to meet the above requirements of subdivision and stability. (d) Main transverse bulkheads may be stepped or recessed. Where a main transverse bulkhead is stepped, subdivision and strength are to be provided in way of the step to main- tain the same measure of safety as that secured by the vertical bulkhead. No recess shall be fitted nearer the vessel's side than one-fifth of the vessel's beam amidships measured at right angles to the center line at the level of the load water line on which the subdivision is based. Bulkheads shall extend to a deck whose distance above the load water line is sufficient to enable the subdivision and stability requirements to be met with a fair margin of safety. (e) If the distance between two adjacent main transverse watertight bulkheads is less than 10 feet plus 2 percent of the vessel's length measured between perpendiculars at the extremities of the vessel's load water line, only one of these bulkheads shall be regarded as forming a boundary of a main compartment. (J) Existing vessels shall comply with the above rules unless it can be shown by the owners that their application is impracticable and unreasonable. 59.64a Bulkheads on passenger vessels 100 gross tons and over. See Part 144, Sub- chapter M (Construction or Material Alteration of Passenger Vessels of the United States of 100 Gross Tons and Over Propelled by Machinery), of this chapter. 59.65 Means of escape from steamers. On all steamers where the plans and arrange- ments will possibly permit, all inclosures where passengers or crews may be quartered, or where anyone may be employed, shall be provided with not less than two avenues of escape, so located that if one of such avenues is not available another may be. The locality and arrangement of such additional means of escape shall be determined by the steamboat in- spectors and the steamboat managers as will in their judgment best carry out the pur-poses for which this provision was made. Every steam vessel shall be provided with sufficient means of escape from the lower to the upper deck, or vice versa, and every steamer of 50 tons or over carrying passengers shall be provided with permanent stairways forward and aft, except where said stairways on towing boats would interfere with towing bitts. Airports 16 inches or more in diameter in the hull of all passenger vessels that open into the passageways shall have a life line securely fastened overhead within the passage- way. This life line shall be not less than 2 inches in circumference, knotted every 3 feet and of sufficient length to reach the water at the lightest seagoing draft. 59.66 Storm oil. Ocean vessels of more than 200 gross tons propelled by machinery and navigating the oceans or gulfs shall carry a supply of oil for the purpose of smoothing the sea or quelling the force of the waves in case of emergency or necessity in the following quantities: (a) Vessels of over 200 and not over 1,000 gross tons, 30 gallons. (6) Vessels of over 1,000 and not over 3,000 gross tons, 40 gallons. (c) Vessels of over 3,000 and not over 5,000 gross tons, 50 gallons. (d) Vessels of over 5,000 gross tons shall carry at least 100 gallons. This oil shall be accessible and available at all times, and the location of the supply and the means and methods of its distribution shall be determined by the master of the vessel. (G-43) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 59.67 Vessel's name on equipment. All the equipments of a vessel, such as buckets, hose, axes, boats, oars, rafts, life preservers, floats, barrels, arid tanks, shall be painted or branded with the name of the vessel upon which they are used. 59.68 Disengaging apparatus. Disengaging apparatus fitted in lifeboats after Janu- ary 1, 1942, shall conform to the following requirements. All disengaging apparatus, regardless of type, shall be designed with a minimum factor of safety of six, based on the maximum working load. No type of releasing gear shall be used unless it has first been approved by the Board. Plans and specifications of all designs of releasing gear shall be submitted to the Board for type approval. The plans shall show dimensions of all parts and complete bill of material used in the construction of the releasing gear. Simultaneous releasing gears, when installed, shall conform to the following require- ments: (a) They shall be capable of being operated by one person, both ends of the lifeboat disengaging simultaneously. (b) Means for effecting release of the gear shall be placed in the after end of the lifeboat. (c) The hooks shall be suitable for instant unhooking of the blocks and falls by hand when the lifeboat is waterborne. (d) The gear and mechanism for effecting release shall be so arranged and devised as to insure the safety of the lifeboat independent of any "safety pins." Where simultaneous releasing gears are not provided, the hooks or other means of attaching the lifeboats to the falls shall be arranged so that the device can be manually controlled by one man at each fall in the lifeboat. Excluding the emergency boats, not more than one type of releasing gear shall be fitted in the lifeboats of a particular vessel. No part of any releasing gear bearing the weight of the lifeboat shall be constructed of cast iron. Such parts of the gear as would otherwise have a tendency to set fast by rust or cor- rosion shall be of corrosive-resistant metal. When considered necessary, a test to destruction may be required to determine the ultimate strength of the releasing gear, including hooks. All disengaging apparatus, regardless of type, shall be prominently marked or stamped to show the safe working load for which the gear has been approved. (G-44) PART 60— BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) Sec. 60.1 60.2 60.3 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.7 60.8 60.9 60.10 60.11 60.12 60.13 60.14 60.15 60.16 60.17 60.18 60.19 60.20 60.21 60.21a 60.22 60.23 60.24 60.25 60.26 60.27 60.28 Coastwise steamers. Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (a). Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (b). Lifeboats required on vessels of class (c) . Carrying of lifeboats on vessels of classes (a) and (b). Lifeboats required on inspected motor vessels. Lifeboat and other equipment required on sail vessels. Lifeboats and their equipment required on inspected sea- going barges of 100 gross tons or over. General requirements as to equipment for lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus. Lifeboat equipment. Drawings, specifications, name plate. Inspection of lifeboats when built. Construction of metallic lifeboats of class 1A. Air tanks of lifeboats. Construction of wooden lifeboats. Carrying capacity of lifeboats. Size of boats. Tests of lifeboats at annual inspection. Care of lifeboats. Blocks and falls. Numbering and marking of lifeboats. How lifeboats shall be carried; davits and cranes required. Mechanical means for lowering. Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching. Handling of boats and rafts. Charles R. M'Cotter lifeboat. Brude lifeboat. Inclosed lifeboats. Newcomb inclosed lifeboat. Lundin and Lane lifeboats. Sec. 60.29 Life rafts: Drawings, specifications, name plate, and how marked. 60.30 Inspection of life rafts when built. 60.31 Construction of rafts of the catamaran type. 60.32 Tests of air tanks of life rafts. 60.33 Care of life rafts. 60.34 Approved life rafts. 60.35 Carrying capacity of life rafts. 60.36 Catamaran tule life rafts. 60.37 Clark life rafts. 60.38 ABC life floats. 60.39 Lane balsa life floats. 60.40 ABC and balsa life floats. 60.41 Carley life floats. 60.41a Cambridge life floats. 60.43 Capacity and allowance of Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats. 60.45 Equipment for life rafts. 60.46 Certificated lifeboatmen; manning of the boats. 60.47 Manning of the boats. 60.47a Buoyant apparatus. 60.47b Equipment for buoyant apparatus. 60.48 Life preservers. 60.49 Ring life buoys. 60.50 Self-igniting water lights. 60.53 Line-carrying guns and equipment. 60.54 Line-throwing appliances. 60.55 Extra steering apparatus. 60.56 Embarkation aids. 60.57 Bulkheads on passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons. 60.57a Bulkheads on passenger vessels 100 gross tons and over. 60.58 Means of escape from steamers. 60.59 Storm oil. 60.60 Vessel's name on equipment. 60.61 Disengaging apparatus. Section 60.1 Coastwise steamers. Under this designation shall be included all steam vessels navigating the waters of any ocean or the Gulf of Mexico 20 nautical miles or less offshore. For the purpose of apportioning lifeboat and life-raft equipment upon coastwise steam vessels subject to the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, they shall be divided into the following classes: (a) Passenger steam vessels. (b) Passenger steam vessels the keels of which are laid after July 1, 1915. (c) Cargo steam vessels and all other steam vessels unless hereinafter provided for. 60.2 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (a). Vessels of class (a) shall be required to have lifeboat and life raft capacity to accommodate all persons on board. Not less than 75 percent of the total capacity shall be in lifeboats and 25 percent may be in collapsible lifeboats or life rafts of an approved type. Vessels of class (a) during the interval between May 15th and September 15th in any one year, both dates inclusive, shall be required to be equipped with lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus to accommodate all persons on board, not less than 35 percent of which shall be in lifeboats, 35 percent in collapsible lifeboats or life rafts, and 30 percent may be in buoyant apparatus. 60.3 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (b). Vessels of class (b) shall be required to have lifeboat and life raft capacity to accommodate all persons on board 403901° — 42- (G-45) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS throughout the year, not less than 75 percent of which shall be in approved lifeboats and 25 percent may be in collapsible lifeboats or rafts of an approved type. 60.4 Lifeboats required on vessels of class (c). (See § 59.6 of this chapter.) 60.5 Carrying of lifeboats on vessels of classes (a) and (b). (See § 59.7 of this chapter.) 60.6 Lifeboats required on inspected motor vessels. (See § 59.8 of this chapter.) 60.7 Lifeboat and other equipment required on sail vessels. Coastwise sail vessels carrying passengers under the provisions of section 4417, Revised Statutes, as amended by the Act of Congress approved March 3, 1905 (Sec. 1, 33 Stat. 1023; 46 U. S. C. 391), shall be subject to the same requirements for lifeboat capacity as coastwise steamers of the same class, and in addition thereto they shall be equipped with a life preserver for each and every person on board. 60.8 Lifeboats and their equipment required on inspected seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or over. (See § 59.10 of this chapter.) 60.8a General requirements as to equipment for lifeboats, life rafts, and buoyant apparatus. (See § 59.10a of this chapter.) 60.9 Lifeboat equipment. (See § 59.11 of this chapter.) 60.10 Drawings, specifications, name plate. (See § 59.13 of this chapter.) 60.11 Inspection of lifeboats when built. (See § 59.14 of this chapter.) 60.12 Construction of metallic lifeboats of class 1A. (See § 59.15 of this chapter.) 60.13 Air tanks of lifeboats. (See § 59.30 of this chapter.) 60.14 Construction of wooden lifeboats. (See § 59.16 of this chapter.) 60.15 Carrying capacity of lifeboats. The capacity of all lifeboats not otherwise provided for shall be determined by the following rule: Measure the length and breadth outside of the planking or plating and the depth inside at the place of minimum depth. The depth used in calculating shall not in any case exceed 45 percent of the breadth. The product of these dimensions multiplied by 0.6 resulting in the nearest whole number shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. To determine the number of persons a boat is to carry, divide the result by 10 for coast- wise steamers. Example: The carrying capacity of a boat 22 feet in length, 6 feet in breadth, and 2% feet in depth shall be determined as follows: For ocean steamers, 22X6X2^X0.6 198 1n jt: = TfT = persons. Every lifeboat shall have sufficient room, freeboard, and stability to safely carry the number of persons allowed to be carried by the above rule, which fact shall be determined by actual test in the water at the time of the first inspection of the lifeboat, except that where a vessel is carrying lifeboats of different types or capacities, at least one lifeboat of each type or capacity shall be so tested. 60.16 Size of boats. No lifeboat for use on coastwise steam vessels shall be of less than 180 cubic feet capacity, except that all pleasure steamers, and other steamers not exceeding 1,000 gross tons limited by their certificate of inspection to routes not exceeding 15 miles from any harbor shall only be required to carry one lifeboat of 180 cubic feet capacity. Nothing, however, shall exempt such steamers from carrying the aggregate cubic capacity required by the rules. The minimum capacity of lifeboats for this class of vessels shall be 125 cubic feet. The supervising inspector of the district may, in exceptional cases, permit lifeboats of less than 180 cubic feet as a substitute for said boat on steamers where the crew is insufficient (G-46) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) to properly handle a boat of that size, or where there is lack of space to properly carry so large a lifeboat, but in every such case the steamer shall be provided with one or more lifeboats efficient in character and large enough to carry every person on board, and in no case shall the lifeboat be of less capacity than 125 cubic feet. Provided, further, That on steamers of 100 gross tons and under, operating within 5 miles of land, where there is a lack of space to properly carry a boat of 125 cubic feet, the supervising inspector of the district may permit lifeboats of less than 125 cubic feet, provided they are large enough and of suitable character to carry every person on board. 60.17 Tests of lifeboats at annual inspection. (See § 59.39 of this chapter.) 60.18 Care of lifeboats. (See § 59.38 of this chapter.) 60.19 Blocks and falls. (See § 59.37 of tbis chapter.) 60.20 Numbering and marking of lifeboats. (See § 59.35 of this chapter.) 60.21 How lifeboats shall be carried; davits and cranes required. All lifeboats on vessels carrying passengers shall, if practicable, be carried under substantial davits or cranes, but if it is not practicable so to carry all the lifeboats required, the remainder shall be stowed near at hand, so as to be easily and readily launched. Such davits, cranes, and necessary gear shall be such as will enable the lifeboats to be lowered to the water in less than 2 minutes from the time the clearing away of the boats is begun. Each lifeboat carried under davits shall be provided with two separate davits. When a single crane is properly adapted to lower a lifeboat, it may be allowed to take the place of the two davits. Such davits or cranes, and the blocks and falls thereof, on all passenger vessels, shall be of sufficient strength to carry the boat with its full load. Vessels of class (c) shall be equipped with davits or other practicable means for properly launching tke lifeboats. Mechanical davits, when installed on vessels of class (c), shall be subject to all the tests required by this section. No type or make of mechanical or gravity davit shall be used unless it has first been approved by the Board. No mechanical davits of a character which require manual or other power to turn the boats out to the position for lowering into the water shall be fitted on any vessel the keel of which is laid after September 1, 1941, if such davits are to handle a lifeboat which, without its complement of persons on board, but having on board all air tanks and other lifeboat equipment, exceeds 5,000 pounds total weight; i. e., 2,500 pounds for a single davit arm. An exemption to this requirement may be granted during the period of the national emergency proclaimed by the President on May 27, 1941, if evidence is presented to the Bureau to substantiate a claim that compliance with this requirement would materially delay the completion and delivery of the vessel. Davits of an approved type, which are capable of swinging the boats into the lowering position without the application of any effort or external force other than that necessary to operate the releasing mechanism, allowing the boat to move from the stowed position to the lowering position by the force of gravity, shall be provided to handle all lifeboats the total weight of which, including air tanks and lifeboat equipment, but without the com- plement of persons on board, exceeds 5,000 pounds. Where steel castings are used for davit frames or davit arms this material shall be fully annealed and comply with the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39 and A-215-39T) Tensile strength, minimum psi 66, 000 Yield point, minimum psi 33, 000 Elongation in 2 inches, minimum percent 22 Reduction of area, minimum percent 33 (G-47) OCEAN AND COASTWLSE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Chemical composition for castings not intended to be fusion welded: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-27-39) Manganese, maximum percent 1. 00 Phosphorus, maximum percent . 05 Sulphur, maximum percent . 06 Chemical composition of castings intended to be fabricated by fusion welding: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-215-39T) Carbon, maximum percent 0. 30 Manganese, maximum percent . 70 Phosphorus, maximum percent . 05 Sulphur, maximum percent . 06 Silicon, maximum percent . 50 Where structural steel is used for the fabrication of davit frames or davit arms the material shall conform to the following requirements: (In substantial agreement with A. S. T. M. Spec. A-131-39) Tensile strength, psi 60, 000 to 72, 000 Yield point, minimum psi 0.5 T. S. Elongation in 8 inches, minimum percent 1, 500, 000 Ten. Str. Elongation in 2 inches, minimum percent 22 Where welding is employed in the construction of davits, the welder shall be qualified by the Bureau. All moving parts of davits shall be provided with bushings of nonferrous metal, roller or ball bearings properly lubricated. An inspector shall be present at the foundry where castings are made to witness the tensile and bend tests prescribed. The manufacturer shall furnish an affidavit stating that the required tests for annealing have been made. When the inspector has satisfied himself that such castings comply with the requirements, he shall stamp the davit arm and frame with the letters B. M. I. N., the initials of his name and the letters F. T., and date of inspection. Each davit and frame shall be tested for strength and operation at the place of manu- facture in the presence of an inspector. All mechanical and gravity davit arms or frames shall be tested at the extreme outboard position by suspending from the eye or end of each davit arm a weight equal to the weight of the fully loaded and equipped boat (including full complement of persons at 165 pounds each) for which the davit is to be approved, plus 10 percent. Under this test, a davit arm or frame shall show no permanent set or undue deflection. While this test is being conducted, the frame and arms, if of cast material, shall be subjected to a test by being hammered to satisfy the inspector that the castings are sound and without flaw. While this test load is suspended, the operating gear of mechanical davits shall be tested by being operated from inboard to the extreme outboard position with the same operating crank or device used in actual practice aboard ship. The manufacturer shall affix to the davit arm and frame a heavy plate giving the name of manufacturer, date of inspection, serial number, capacity load, space for the inspector's initials, and the letters B. M. I. N. After the inspector has satisfied himself that the as- sembled installation meets the requirements, he shall stamp the manufacturer's plates with (G-48) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) his initials. Each set of davits shall be marked with identical serial numbers by the manufacturer. No davit arm or frame comprising mechanical or gravity davits shall be placed on board any vessel until all of the requirements of the rules of this section have been fully complied with. Whenever mechanical or gravity davits or parts of davits, such as davit arms, or frames, are installed on vessels to take the place of davits, davit arms, or frames which have become damaged or broken, such davits or frames shall have the manufacturer's name plate affixed thereto. 60.21a Mechanical means for lowering. (See § 59.3a of this chapter.) 60.22 Lifeboats and life rafts kept clear for launching. (See § 59.36 of this chapter.) 60.23 Handling of boats and rafts. (See § 59.41 of this chapter.) 60.24 Charles R. M 'Cotter lifeboat. Lifeboats of this type, 13 feet in length, 1 foot 10 inches in height, and 4 feet in width, shall be allowed to carry 8 persons. The number of persons allowed to be carried on boats of this type of other dimensions shaU be determined, after an actual demonstration, by the supervising inspector of the district in which the boat is accepted. In all cases the air tanks in such boats shall be constructed in accordance with the rules and regulations for air tanks. 60.25 Brude lifeboat. (See § 59.27 of this chapter.) 60.26 Inclosed lifeboats. All steamers carrying passengers shall be equipped with at least one lifeboat of approved open standard type. Where two lifeboats are required, one of the same may be of an approved inclosed type. Where three or more lifeboats are required, two of such lifeboats shall be of approved open standard type, one to be carried on each side under davits. In no case shall the lifeboat equipment of any steamer consist of more than 50 percent of approved lifeboats of inclosed type. When the approved inclosed type of lifeboats is carried on steamers other than those carrying passengers, such steamers shall also be equipped with one lifeboat of approved open standard type of not less than 180 cubic feet capacity. 60.27 Newcomb inclosed lifeboat. (See § 59.29 of this chapter.) 60.28 Lundin and Lane lifeboats. (See § 59.18 of this chapter.) 60.29 Life rafts: Drawings, specifications, name plate, and how marked. (See § 59.42 of this chapter.) 60.30 Inspection of life rafts when built. (See § 59.43 of this chapter.) 60.31 Construction of rafts of the catamaran type. (See § 59.44 of this chapter.) 60.32 Tests of air tanks of life rafts. (See § 59.45 of this chapter.) 60.33 Care of life rafts. (See § 59.46 of this chapter.) 60.34 Approved life rafts. (See § 59.47 of this chapter.) 60.35 Carrying capacity of life rafts. No type of raft may be approved for coastwise steam vessels unless it satisfies the following conditions: (a) It should be reversible. (b) It should be of such size, strength, and weight that it can be handled without mechanical appliances, and, if necessary, be thrown from the vessel's deck. (c) It must have not less than 3 cubic feet of air cases or equivalent buoyancy and not less than 3 square feet of deck surface for each person allowed. Rafts already in use may have the rating changed by the supervising or local inspectors of the district where the same are being used to meet these requirements and allowances. (d) The air tanks or equivalent buoyancy should be placed as near as possible to the sides of the raft. At least one-half of the number of life rafts on all steam vessels shall have a capacity exceeding 15 persons. (G-49) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Tule and all other types of catamaran life rafts shall meet the requirements herein specified. 60.36 Catamaran tule life rafts. Catamaran tule life rafts of the sizes specified below shall be allowed the following rating: Length Diameter of cylinders Number of persons allowed Feet 8 12 16 18 20 Inches 20 20 20 20 20 8 12 17 18 20 Catamaran tule life rafts having cylinders of a smaller diameter than specified above shall be tested by the local inspectors of the district in which they are built to determine the number of persons allowed to be carried by such rafts, which test shall consist of a prac- tical demonstration. 60.37 Clark life rafts. (See § 59.48 of this chapter.) 60.38 ABC life floats. The A B C life float shall be allowed for use upon vessels under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, and upon all waters, except offshore ocean service, when constructed in accordance with the blueprints and specifications submitted, and allowed a capacity in accordance with the following table: Number of float Dimensions of float Diameter of cylinder Number of persons allowed Length Width 1 2 Ft. In. 7 7 6 8 6 8 8 9 10 12 Ft. In. 3 6 3 6 4 5 4 9 6 8 Inches 8 9 10 10 11 13 15 10 14 15 20 25 40 60 3 4 5 6__ 7 The cylinder shall be made of solid, encysted balsa wood, well treated with Marr's process in finished state, so as to insure buoyancy. Cylinder shall be covered with heavy canvas, and suspended from the cylinder shall be a strong, substantial net, at the bottom of which is fixed a platform of sufficient strength to sustain the number of persons allowed. 60.39 Lane balsa life floats. The Lane balsa life float shall be allowed for use upon vessels under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, and upon all waters, except offshore ocean service, when constructed in accordance with the blue prints and specifications submitted, and allowed a capacity in accordance with the following table: Number of float Dimensions of float Diameter of cylinder Number of persons allowed Length Width 1 2 _. Ft. In. 8 6 10 Ft.. In. 4 5 6 Inches 10 12 15 25 (G-50) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) The cylinder shall be made of solid, encysted balsa wood, well treated with Marr's process in finished state, so as to insure buoyancy. Cylinder shall be covered with heavy canvas, and suspended from the cylinder shall be a strong, substantial net, at the bottom of which is fixed a platform of sufficient strength to sustain the number of persons allowed. 60.40 ABC and balsa life floats. All A B C or balsa floats shall be carefully in- spected and marked by inspectors of this Bureau, in accordance with the requirements of this part governing such inspection, testing, and marking. 60.41 Carley life floats. No. of float Size of float Diameter of tube Minimum number of compart- ments Number of persons carried and allowed 1 2 3 4... 5 6 7 8 8 by 4feet Inches 1V4 IVA nVi 20M 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 uv* 1PA 10 11 18 33 6 7 9 11 13 13 13 16 17 28 31 41 45 67 18 20 8 by 5feet 10by6feet 12 by 8 feet ._ 3 feet 6 inches by 6 feet . 8 8 8 10 12 12 12 14 14 3 feet 9 inches by 6 feet 6 inches 4 by 7 feet.. .. 4 feet 6 inches by 7 feet 6 inches.. 9. 4 feet 6 inches by 8 feet 6 inches ... - 10 11.. 5 by 8 feet do 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 5 bv 9 feet 5 by 10 feet... . 6 by 10 feet 6 feet 6 inches by 10 feet 6 inches 7 by 12 feet. - 8 by 12 feet. .. 9byl4feet 5 by 8feet 5 by 10 feet. . 60.41a Cambridge life floats. The Cambridge life float, 9 feet in length and 6 feet 6 inches in width, shall be allowed a capacity of 25 persons. Other sizes of the same type shall be allowed a capacity comparing approximately with the above capacity, which shall be determined by the supervising inspector of the district where the float is manufactured after an actual demonstration. Additional sizes approved: 5 feet wide, 8 feet long, inner diameter 13 inches, allowed 16 persons; 7 feet wide, 11 feet long, inner diameter 15 inches, allowed 38 persons; 6 feet wide, 10 feet long, 15 inches inside diameter of tube, allowed 18 persons. 60.43 Capacity and allowance of Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats. (See § 59.28 of this chapter.) 60.45 Equipment for life rafts. (See § 59.52 of this chapter.) 60.46 Certificated lifeboatmen; manning of the boats. There shall be for each boat or life raft a number of lifeboatmen at least equal to that specified in the following table: The minimum num- T „ , ., , , . . ber of certificated life- It the prescribed complement is — boatmen shall be— Less than 26 persons 1 From 26 to 40 persons 2 From 41 to 61 persons 3 From 62 to 85 persons 4 Above 85 persons 5 The allocation of the certificated lifeboatmen to each boat and raft remains within the discretion of the master, according to the circumstances. 60.47 Manning of the boats. A licensed officer or able seaman shall be placed in charge of each boat or pontoon raft; he shall have a list of its lifeboatmen, and other members of (G-51) OCEAN AND CAOSTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS its crew which shall be sufficient for her safe management, and shall see that the men placed under his orders are acquainted with their several duties and stations. A man capable of working the motor shall be assigned to each motorboat. The duty of seeing that the boats, pontoon rafts, and other lifesaving appliances are at all times ready for use shall be assigned to one or more officers. 60.47a Buoyant apparatus — (a) Definition. Buoyant apparatus is defined as buoyant deck seats, buoyant deck chairs, and life floats or other apparatus, having buoyancy, except lifeboats, life buoys, and life preservers, and no buoyant apparatus shall be approved which requires any adjustment or preparation. (b) General requirements. Buoyant apparatus shall conform to the following general requirements: (1) Its construction shall be of material and woi-kmanship adequate for the purpose intended. (2) It shall be effective and stable floating either side up. (3) It shall have a line securely becketed around the outside and/or pendants to accom- modate the number of persons allowed. (4) It shall be of such size, strength, and weight as to be handled without mechanical appliances and thrown without damage from the deck where stowed. (5) Its weight shall in no case exceed 200 pounds. (6) It shall have air cases or equivalent buoyancy placed as near as possible to its sides. (c) Capacity. (1) The number of persons for which any type of buoyant apparatus may be deemed suitable shall be determined, subject to the result of the stability test by the least of the numbers ascertained, as follows: (i) Number of pounds of iron the apparatus is capable of supporting in fresh water, divided by 32 ; (ii) the number of feet in the perimeter. (2) The divisor given in paragraph (1) shall be required to be increased where the apparatus is designed so that persons supported are only partially immersed in the water, or where facilities are provided for climbing onto the top of it. (d) Stability. Every type of buoyant apparatus shall be capable of supporting along any edge, without capsizing, a weight of iron 15 pounds per foot length suspended in the water from the life lines. Where the length of the edge is 4 feet or less the minimum weight of iron suspended from any edge shall be 60 pounds. (e) Test for strength. Every new type of buoyant apparatus shall be tested for strength by dropping a sample into the water from a height of 60 feet. (f) Air tanks — (1) Material. Where metal air tanks furnish the buoyancy of the apparatus, they shall be constructed of best-quality copper or yellow metal of not less than 18 ounces to the superficial foot. All joints shall be securely hook-jointed and efficiently soldered, or properly and securely welded. Air tanks shall be fitted with suitable testing nipples, and when testing same an air pressure of not more than 1 pound to the square inch shall be used. (2) Size. Air tanks shall be not more than 4 feet in length, but where more than 2 feet 6 inches in length or breadth they shall be efficiently stiffened by divisions or stays. At no time shall the cases be pierced for the attachment of wood divisions or stays, nor for any other purpose. (3) Protection. Air tanks shall not be placed in contact with metal iron-work, and they shall be protected from injury by properly fitted solid wood casing and secured against movement therein. (g) Name plate. Each piece of buoyant apparatus shall have a brass plate or its equivalent fixed thereon by the builder, and bearing his name and address, the words "Buoy- ant apparatus," the number of the apparatus, date of construction, dimensions, and number of persons allowed. (G-52) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) (h) Factory inspection. Buoyant apparatus shall be examined at the factory by an inspector of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, who shall satisfy himself that it has been constructed in accordance with plans and specifications on file in the office of the supervising inspector of the district, after which he shall stamp the initials of his name, the letters U. S. I. and the date on the name plate. (i) Stowage. Buoyant apparatus shall be stowed as follows: (a) They shall not impede in any way prompt handling of lifeboats, or the marshaling of persons on board at launching stations. (6) They shall be stowed in such manner as to be readily launched. (c) They shall not be secured to the deck except by lashings which can be easily slipped ; but may be stowed in tiers one above the other, in which case the separate units shall be kept apart sufficiently to prevent sticking together, and supported on suitable distance pieces. (d) Means shall be provided to prevent shifting. 60.47b Equipment for buoyant apparatus. (See § 59.54b of this chapter.) 60.48 Life preservers. (See § 59.55 of this chapter.) 60.49 Ring life buoys — (a) Number required. The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights shall be attached is fixed by the following table: Length of vessel Minimum number of buoys Minimum number of buoys to which water lights shall be attached Under lOOfeet _. .. 2 4 6 12 18 24 30 2 2 4 9 12 15 100 feet and under 200 feet 200 feet and under 300 feet - 300 feet and under 400 feet ..- . 400 feet and under 600 feet .. . - 600 feet and under 800 feet Note. — One life buoy on each side of a vessel shall have an attached line at least 15 fathoms in length. (b) Distribution and securing of life buoys and water lights. All life buoys and water lights shall be distributed and secured as follows: (1) All life buoys shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to the persons on board, and their positions plainly indicated so as to be known to the persons concerned. (2) The buoys shall always be capable of being cast loose, and shall not be permanently secured in any way. (c) Buoyancy. Life buoys shall be capable of sustaining in fresh water for a continuous period of 24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether said weight be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitational pull upon the buoy of not less than 32 pounds. The required buoyancy may be supplied by solid cork or any other equivalent material, but no life buoy shall be approved which is filled with rushes, cork shavings or granulated cork, or any other loose granulated material, or whose buoyancy depends upon air compartments which require to be inflated. (d) Standard ring life buoys. Ring buoys of the standard type shall conform to the following sketch and shall be of not less than 30 inches outside diameter and not less than 17 inches inside diameter, but any form of construction which will meet the general purposes (G-53) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS of this specification may be used after having been approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. Lone Di r A Section /}-/! Cover partly removed TO SHOW BREAK IN JOINTS STANDARD RING LIFE BUOY (e) Buoyant material. The buoyant material shall be of sheet cork weighing not more than 12 pounds per cubic foot. The cork shall be in two layers or thickn esses. The cork sheets shall be flattened and smoothed so that the back or outside hard crust is removed sufficiently to give a smooth surface for gluing. One layer shall be built of segments not to exceed four in number. The other layer may be built of segments not to exceed eight in number. The ends of all segments shall be fitted neatly and glued securely one to the other. The two layers shall be neatly joined and properly and securely dowel-pinned and glued firmly together, with joints staggered or broken. When completed, the outside of the life buoy shall be of good, sound corkwood finished to a smooth surface. (f) Glue. The glue used shall be insoluble in water, and the finished life buoy shall stand steaming at a pressure of 2 pounds for a period of 30 minutes without disintegration or other positive indications of the glue losing its adhesive properties. (g) Strength. The body of the fife buoy before covering shall withstand a downward gravity pull of 200 pounds, the weight to be attached to the life buoy body by a sling cover- ing a surface of 2 linear inches without breaking, without rupture of the joints, or without showing a maximum elongation of internal diameter in excess of \){ inches while the weight is attached and after being under this test for a period of 30 minutes. (h) Covering. The life buoy shall be covered with cloth of sufficient weight and strength to protect fully the body of the life buoy, such material to be a strength at least equal to unbleached single-filling cotton duck having a weight of 10 ounces per square yard. (i) Sewing. The cover shall be constructed and placed on the body of the life buoy in a substantial manner. All seams and other machine sewing on the life buoy shall be with a short lock stitch not less than eight stitches to the inch. The inside seam shall be sewed with a rope stitch not less than three stitches to the inch. All thread used in the construction of the life buoy shall be No. 16, three-cord linen. (j) Beckets. Four beckets, 2}{ inches wide, made from the same material as the covering of the buoy, shall be securely attached to the life buoy and spaced an equal distance from each other. (k) Grab line. A grab line shall pass through the beckets which shall be sewed tightly (G-54) BOATS, RAFTS, BULKHEADS, AND LIFESAVING APPLIANCES (COASTWISE) together to prevent slipping. The line shall be manila, % inch in diameter, three-ply, medium quality having the ends securely and neatly spliced, the line to be festooned in bights around the outer edge of the life buoy. (1) Factory inspection of life buoys. The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a local or assistant inspector to any place where ring life buoys are manufactured within his district, whose duty it shall be to test and examine all such buoys manufactured at that place. When a ring life buoy is found to be in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspectors the inspector shall stamp the buoyant material, and, after completion of the buoy, shall stamp the cover with the word "Passed," his initials, the inspection port, and the date of approval. The buoyant material and the cover shall also be stamped by the manufacturer with the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer. 60.50 Self-igniting water lights. (See § 59.57 of this chapter.) 60.53 Line-carrying guns and equipment. All coastwise vessels of 150 gross tons and over shall be equipped with a line-carrying gun and equipment auxiliary thereto, as specified in this part. 60.54 Line-throwing appliances. (See § 59.61 of this chapter.) 60.55 Extra steering apparatus. (See § 59.62 of this chapter.) 60.56 Embarkation aids. (See § 59.63 of this chapter.) 60.57 Bulkheads on passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons, (a) Every mechani- cally propelled vessel carrying passengers for hire shall have not less than three watertight transverse bulkheads properly secured to the hull of the vessel. The arrangement of the bulkheads shall be such that the vessel will remain afloat in the event any one main com- partment is flooded. (Effective on and after January 1, 1943.) (b) A forepeak or collision bulkhead shall be fitted and located not less than 5 percent of the length of the vessel, and not more than 10 feet plus 5 percent of the length of the vessel from the bow, at load water line. (c) One bulkhead shall be fitted at the foreward end of the machinery space (which includes boiler space) and one bulkhead shall be fitted at the aft end of the machinery space. Other transverse bulkheads shall be so located as to meet the above requirements of subdivi- sion and stability. (d) Main transverse bulkheads may be stepped or recessed. Where a main transverse bulkhead is stepped, subdivision and strength are to be provided in way of the step to main- tain the same measure of safety as that secured by the vertical bulkhead. No recess shall be fitted nearer the vessel's side than one-fifth of the vessel's beam amidships measured at right angles to the center line at the level of the load water line on which the subdivision is based. Bulkheads shall extend to a deck whose distance above the load water line is sufficient to enable the subdivision and stability requirements to be met with a fair margin of safety. (e) If the distance between two adjacent main transverse watertight bulkheads is less than 10 feet plus 2 percent of the vessel's length measured between perpendiculars at the extremities of the vessel's load water line, only one of these bulkheads shall be regarded as forming a boundary of a main compartment. (/) Existing vessels shall comply with the above rules unless it can be shown by the owners that their application is impracticable and unreasonable. (g) Mechanically propelled vessels of 100 tons burden or under, engaged in the coastwise bays and harbors of the United States, may be licensed by the U. S. local inspectors to carry passengers or excursions on the ocean, not exceeding 15 miles from the mouth of such bays or harbors, without being required to have the three watertight transverse bulkheads provided by section 4490 (46 U. S. C. 482) of the Revised Statutes for other passenger vessels: Provided, That in the judgment of the local inspectors such vessels shall be safe and suitable for such (G-55) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS navigation without danger to human life, and that they shall have one watertight collision bulkhead not less than five feet abaft the stem of said vessels. 60.57a Bulkheads on passenger vessels 100 gross tons and over. See part 144, sub- chapter M (Construction or Material Alteration of Passenger Vessels of the United States of 100 Gross Tons and Over Propelled by Machinery), of this chapter. 60.58 Means of escape from steamers. (See § 59.65 of this chapter.) 60.59 Storm oil. Coastwise vessels of more than 200 gross tons propelled by machin- ery and navigating the oceans or gulfs shall carry a supply of oil for the purpose of smooth- ing the sea or quelling the force of the waves in case of emergency or necessity in the following quantities: (a) Vessels of over 200 and not over 1,000 gross tons, 30 gallons. (b) Vessels of over 1,000 and not over 3,000 gross tons, 40 gallons. (c) Vessels of over 3,000 and not over 5,000 gross tons, 50 gallons. (d) Vessels of over 5,000 gross tons shall carry at least 100 gallons. This oil shall be accessible and available at all times and the location of the supply and the means and methods of its distribution shall be determined by the master of the vessel. 60.60 Vessel's name on equipment. (See § 59.67 of this chapter.) 60.61 Disengaging apparatus. (See § 59.68 of this chapter.) (G-56) PART 61— FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION Sec. Sec. 61.1 Fire axes. 61. 14 61.2 Location of axes. 61. 15 61.3 Glass lamps. 61. 16 61.4 Steam and inert gas fire-extinguishing systems. 61.5 Steam fire pumps or their equivalent. 61. 17 61.6 Dimensions of fire pump; spanners. 61.18 61.7 Capacity of pipes and hose. 61.8 Rotary pumps. 61.20 61.9 Boiler-testing pumps. 61.10 "Doctor." 61. 21 61.11 Connecting, bilge, and sounding pipes; hose tests. 61.22 61.12 Connecting pipe composition. 61.23 61. 12a Pumps on motor vessels. 61.24 61.13 Portable fire extinguishers. Fire-fighting equipment on vessels using oil as fuel. Water sprinkling system. Fire detecting, alarm, automatic sprinkler, and patrol sys- tems; new and existing vessels. Fire-detecting and automatic sprinkling systems. Oxygen-breathing apparatus, gas masks, and flame-safety lamps. Lubricating oils. Fire extinguishers for gasoline tanks. Fire-resisting bulkheads. Construction of motion picture booths. Regulations to guard against and extinguish fire re- established. Section 61.1 Fire axes. All steamers navigating oceans are required to be provided with axes, as follows: Gross tons: ^ M All steamers not over 10 tons 1 All steamers over 10 tons and not over 50 tons 1 All steamers over 50 tons and not over 200 tons 2 All steamers over 200 tons and not over 500 tons 4 All steamers over 500 tons and not over 1,000 tons 6 All steamers over 1,000 tons 8 61.2 Location of axes. All axes shall be located so as to be readily found in time of need, shall not be used for general purposes, and shall be kept in good condition. 61.3 Glass lamps. The use of glass lamps shall be prohibited on any vessel under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation unless the same are securely fitted into suitable metal brackets. 61.4 Steam and inert-gas fire-extinguishing systems — (a) General requirements. (1) All mechanically propelled vessels carrying combustible cargo in the holds, 'tween-decks, or other closed cargo compartments shall be equipped with means for extinguishing fire in such compartments by the use of a steam fire-extinguishing system or by the use of any inert- gas fire-extinguishing system approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (2) Cabinets, boxes, or casings inclosing manifolds or valves shall be distinctly marked in painted letters about 3 inches in height, "Steam Fire Apparatus" or "C0 2 Fire Apparatus," as the case may be. (3) Steam or gas piping fitted for extinguishing fire shall not be used for any other pur- pose except that it may be used for fire-detecting purposes. (4) Pipes for conveying steam from the boilers for the purpose of extinguishing fire shall not be led into the cabins, other passengers' or crew's quarters, or working spaces. Pipes for conveying carbon dioxide or other extinguishing vapors for the purpose of extinguishing fire shall not be led into the cabins or other passengers' or crew's quarters. (5) Steam smothering lines shall be tested with at least 50 pounds air pressure with ends of the smothering lines capped, or by blowing steam through the lines, and a survey made for detecting corrosion and defects, using the hammer test or such other means as may be necessary. (G-57) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (6) At annual inspections, all carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) cylinders, whether fixed or portable, shall be examined externally and replaced if excessive corrosion is found; and all cylinders shall also be checked by weighing to determine contents and if found to be more than 10 per- cent under required contents of carbon dioxide, the same shall be recharged. (b) Steam systems on mechanically propelled vessels contracted for prior to July 1, 1035. (1) The main pipes and their branches, on mechanically propelled vessels carrying passengers or freight, to convey steam from the boilers to the hold and separate compartments of the same shall be not less than 1% inches in diameter. Steam pipes of not less than three-fourths of an inch in diameter shall be led into all lamp lockers, oil rooms, and like compartments, which lamp lockers, od rooms, and like compartments, in all classes of vessels, shall be wholly and tightly lined with metal. (2) All branch pipes leading into the several compartments of the hold of the vessel shall be supplied with valves, the handles distinctly marked to indicate the compartment or parts of the vessel to which they lead. These valves or their handles shall be placed in not more than two places on the most suitable and accessible deck of the vessel and so arranged that all can be inclosed in cabinets, boxes, or casings. (c) Steam systems on mechanically propelled vessels contracted for on or after July 1, 1935. (1) Steam for fire-extinguishing systems shall be available from the main boilers or from a donkey or auxiliary boiler having a minimum capacity equivalent to one square foot of heating surface for each 300 cubic feet of the largest compartment in which cargo is carried. This requirement shall be based upon a rate of evaporation of six pounds of steam per hour per square foot of heating surface from and at 212° F. medium steaming. Equiva- lent values of heating surface will be permitted for boilers having rates of evaporation differing from that herein specified. (2) The minimum boiler capacity shall be based upon the volume of the largest com- partment in cubic feet, which shall be determined by measurements taken between fire- retarding boundaries such as decks having hatch covers with proper battening down arrange- ments, shells, tank tops, watertight and fire-retarding bulkheads. (3) A steam pressure of at least 100 pounds per square inch shall be maintained for fire-extinguishing purposes. Where the maximum allowable boder working pressure will not permit of this, the maximum steam pressure permitted by the operating boder pres- sure limitations shall be provided for this purpose. (4) The pipe lines shall be led from not more than three stations in easdy accessible locations on the weather deck to each cargo hold, cargo 'tween-decks, or other closed cargo compartments, and to each cargo-od deep tank, lamp locker, oil room, and like compart- ments, which lamp locker, oil room, and like compartments, in all classes of vessels, shall be wholly and tightly lined with metal. The steam connections to the lamp lockers, od rooms, and like compartments may be taken from the nearest steam supply line, independent of the extinguishing manifolds. (5) Each pipe in the extinguishing manifolds shall be fitted with a shut-off valve plainly and permanently marked to indicate into which compartment it discharges. This require- ment also applies to independent extinguishing lines. (6) Manifold steam supply pipes shall be fitted with master valves at the manifolds, and provision shall be made for draining the manifold and individual lines to protect them against freezing. If the manifolds are located on an open deck, they shall be inclosed in a metal box. (7) The minimum diameter of any steam fire-extinguishing pipe to a cargo hold, cargo 'tween-decks, other closed cargo compartments, or cargo-oil deep tank shall be one inch, (G-58) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION the size and number of pipes to be governed by the size of the compartment. The minimum diameter of any steam fire-extinguishing pipe to a lamp locker, oil room, or like compart- ments, shall be three-fourths of an inch. (8) The required diameter of pipe to cargo compartments may be determined by the formula: D V 30,000 where D = required diameter of pipe, in inches. C = volume of compartment, in cubic feet. or by the following table: Volume of compartment Number of branches to compartment Size of branches 30,000 1 1 1 2 2 3 Inches 1 m m m m 1H 16,000 67,000 . _ 94,000 135,000 203,000 (9) The diameter of the main supply line to the manifolds shall be computed by the following formula: *-v c 60,000 where D = diameter of pipe required, in inches. C= volume of all compartments, in cubic feet. (d) Inert-gas systems on mechanically propelled vessels. (1) When a carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) smothering system is fitted in the cargo hold, cargo 'tween-decks, or other closed cargo compartments, or cargo-oil deep tanks, the quantity of carbon dioxide shall be suffi- cient to give a gas saturation of 30 percent of the gross volume of the largest cargo hold. The quantity in pounds of carbon dioxide required may be determined approximately by the following formula: lXbXd W=- 30 where W=the weight of C0 2 required, in pounds. L = the length of the hold, in feet. £?=the mean breadth of the hold, in feet. D = the depth from tank top or flat forming lower boundary to top of uppermost space in which freight may be carried, in feet. (2) When a carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) smothering system is fitted in the lamp locker, oil room, or like compartments, the quantity in pounds of carbon dioxide required may be determined by dividing the gross volume of the space by a factor of 22. Lamp lockers, ofi rooms, and like compartments, in all classes of vessels, shall be wholly and tightly lined with metal. The whole charge of gas shall be capable of being released simultaneously by operating one valve and control, and all cylinders shall be completely discharged in not more than two minutes. (3) Pipes used for supplying carbon dioxide to the cargo holds, cargo 'tween-decks, other closed cargo compartments, and cargo-od deep tanks shall be not less than three- (G-59) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS fourths inch inside diameter. Pipes used for supplying carbon dioxide to lamp lockers, oil rooms, and like compartments shall not be less than one-half inch inside diameter. (4) The control (s) releasing the inert gas shall be located in a position (s) outside the space(s) protected and shall be readily accessible when the vessel is being navigated. All valves shall be permanently marked to indicate into which compartment they discharge. (5) Provisions shall be made to prevent the admission of air into the lower parts of cargo holds, cargo 'tween-decks, and other closed cargo compartments while the inert-gas system is in operation. (6) Cylinders, piping, and controls for the inert-gas system shall be protected from damage and shall be securely fastened and supported. 61.5 Steam fire pumps or -their equivalent — (a) Fire pumps on steam vessels con- tracted for prior to July 1, 1935. (1) Steam vessels required to be provided with double- acting steam fire pumps or other equivalents for throwing water shall be equipped with such pumps according to their tonnage, as follows: Steam vessels over 20 gross tons and not exceeding 150 gross tons shall have not less than 50 cubic inches pump-cylinder capacity. Steam vessels of over 150 gross tons and under 3,000 gross tons shall have not less than one- third of 1 cubic inch pump-cylinder capacity for every gross ton. Steam vessels of 3,000 gross tons and over shall have pump-cylinder capacity of not less than 1,000 cubic inches. This rule shall apply only to pumps installed after June 30, 1907, and all pumps now ap- proved and in use or installed before said date shall be accepted if complying with require- ments of law and regulations in force at the time of their installation. (2) On steam vessels required by paragraph (a) (1) above to have steam fire pumps or their equivalents, the fire mains shall be led from the pumps to all decks, with sufficient number of outlets arranged so that any part of the steam vessel can be reached with water with the full capacity of the pumps and by means of a single 50-foot length of hose from at least one of said outlets. On all classes of steam vessels every such pump shall be fitted with a gage and a relief valve of such size as to restrict the pressure of water to 100 pounds per square inch. (b) Fire pumps on steam vessels contracted for on or after July 1, 1935. (1) Pas- senger vessels of 100 gross tons and under shall be equipped with one hand fire pump with a pump-cylinder capacity not less than 100 cubic inches, or a power-driven pump of equiva- lent discharge capacity. (2) Vessels exceeding 100 gross tons shall be equipped with fire pumps and fire piping as follows: (i) All vessels shall be provided with powerful pumps available for use as fire pumps. Passenger vessels of less than 4,000 gross tons shall have 2, and larger passenger vessels at least 3 independently driven pumps connected to the fire main. Cargo vessels and towing vessels of less than 1,000 gross tons shall have 1, and larger cargo or towing vessels at least 2 such pumps so arranged. Each pump shall be capable of delivering two powerful jets of water simultaneously from the highest outlets on the fire main at a Pitot tube pressure of approximately 50 pounds per square inch through nozzles, each having an orifice of not less than % inch diameter where the internal diameter of the hose exceeds 1% inches and not less than % inch in diameter where the internal diameter of the hose does not exceed iy 2 inches. (ii) On on-burning passenger vessels, where two or more pumps are required, they shall not all be located in the same compartment. Where the engine and firerooms are not entirely separated by steel bulkheads, or if fuel oil can drain from the fireroom bilges into the engine room, one of the fire pumps shall be located in an accessible space in a separate compartment. (G-60) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION (iii) On oil-burning cargo vessels, where two pumps are required, they may be located in the same compartment, provided the compartment is equipped with an approved fixed carbon dioxide extinguishing system. (3) Outlets from the fire mams shall be of a sufficient number and so arranged that any part of the living quarters, weather decks and any part of cargo decks, accessible to crew or passengers, while the vessel is being navigated, may be reached with a single 50- foot length of hose. Outlets within accommodations and service spaces adjacent thereto shall comply with the above or they may be so arranged that any part may be reached with a single 75-foot length of hose provided a siamese connection is fitted at each outlet. Where the fire mam is located on an exposed deck, branches shall be provided so that the hose connections necessary to comply with the foregoing be distributed on both sides of the vessel. The fire hose shall be connected to the outlet at all times, except on open decks where the location of the fire hydrants is such that no protection is afforded for the hose in heavy weather. The fire hose may be temporarily removed from the hydrant when it will interfere with the handling of cargo. (4) Outlet openings shall have a diameter of not less than \% inches, and shall be fitted with suitable hose connections and spanners. (5) Fire pumps shall be equipped on the discharge side with a relief valve set to relieve at 25 pounds higher than the pressure necessary to maintain the requirements of paragraph (b) (2) (i), above, and a pressure gage to indicate the pressure on the fire main. (6) Fire hose shall not be used for any other purpose than fire extinguishing. 61.6 Dimensions of fire pump; spanners. Steamers are not restricted to any par- ticular proportions for fire pumps. Any dimensions that will attain the requirements specified in § 61.5, or greater in capacity, may be allowed: Provided, however, That all hy- drant connections be supplied with suitable spanners. 61.7 Capacity of pipes and hose. The capacity of the pipes and hose leading from the pumps shall in no case be less than that of the discharge opening of the pump: Provided, however, That the pipe and hose shall in no instance be less than l){ inches in internal diameter. And provided fvrther, That steamers of 15 tons and under may be allowed to use hose of three-fourths of an inch internal diameter, but in no case shall it be less than the discharge opening of the pumps. 61.8 Rotary pumps. A rotary pump, when driven by an engine independent of the main engine, may be considered as an equivalent for the double-acting fire pump and used as such when equal to it in efficiency and capacity. 61.9 Boiler-testing pumps. Any steamer having on board an independent steam pump and an auxiliary boiler suitably arranged and of sufficient strength and capacity for testing the boilers thereof; or if one of the hand fire pumps be suitably arranged and of sufficient strength and capacity for testing the boilers; or if the "doctor," so called, when arranged permanently for testing the boilers, is, in the judgment of the inspectors, suitable for the purposes intended, may be considered as having complied with the law requiring a pump for testing boilers. 61.10 "Doctor." Any steamer of 50 gross tons or under, required to have a double- acting steam fire pump, and having in use on board a "doctor," so-called, may be considered as having a lawful equivalent for such a pump when such "doctor" has pipes attached to it leading to the upper and between decks, such pipes being provided with hose and valves, according to law; but the pipes and hose shall in no case be less than 1% inches in internal diameter. The pumps for supplying the boilers shall in no case be considered as an equivalent for the double-acting steam fire pump, on steamers above 50 gross tons. 403901°— 42 5 (G-61) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 61.11 Connecting, bilge, and sounding pipes; hose tests. All steam fire pumps required shall be supplied with connecting pipes leading to the hold of the vessel with stop- cocks or shut-off valves attached and so arranged that such pumps may be used for pumping and discharging water overboard from the hold. Each and every steam vessel shall be fitted with a bilge pipe leading from each compart- ment of the vessel and connecting with a suitably marked valve to the main bilge pump in the engine room, and each compartment of all steam vessels shall be fitted with suitable sounding pipe, the opening of which shall be accessible at all times, except that in compart- ments accessible at all times for examination no sounding tubes are necessary. Steam siphons may be substituted in each compartment for the bilge pipes. All hose required on steam vessels for fire purposes shall be tested to a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch at each inspection, and it shall be the duty of the local inspectors at each annual inspection to see that the couplings are securely fastened to the hose by suitable external or internal clamps, and at least one length of such hose shall be kept at all times attached to each outlet of the fire main and provided with a suitable nozzle: Pro- vided, That on freight steamers where the keeping of such hose coupled on interferes with the loading or unloading of cargo they may be removed during such loading or unloading. 61.12 Connecting pipe composition. All pipes used as mains for conducting water from fire pumps on board steam vessels in place of hose shall be of wrought iron, brass, or copper, with wrought iron, brass, or composition hose connections. 61.12a Pumps on motor vessels. Motor vessels of 50 gross tons and over, carrying passengers for hire, shall be equipped with pumps for throwing water according to the tonnage as prescribed in § 61.5, for steam vessels, and equipped as prescribed in §§ 61.5-61.7. 61.13 Portable fire extinguishers. All vessels carrying passengers, including pleasure vessels, shall be provided with such number of good and efficient portable fire extinguishers, approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors as is hereafter prescribed; viz: Vessels less than 150 feet in length shall have at least two fire extinguishers on each passenger deck; vessels 150 feet and over in length shall be provided with at least one fire extinguisher for every 150 linear feet of corridor length or fraction thereof, in the spaces occupied by passengers and crew. In all public spaces extinguishers shall be located not more than 150 feet apart. Freight and towing vessels shall be provided with chemical fire extinguishers as here- after described; viz: Minimum number of fire extinguishers Vessels of over 15 and not over 50 gross tons 1 Vessels of over 50 and not over 100 gross tons 2 Vessels of over 100 and not over 500 gross tons 3 Vessels of over 500 and not over 1 ,000 gross tons 6 Vessels of over 1,000 gross tons 8 The above tables of required fire extinguishers are based on the capacity of the ordinary machine, which is about 2}2 gallons, and no fire extinguisher of larger capacity shall be allowed a greater rating than that of the ordinary machine. Fire extinguishers of approved types of less capacity are allowable under the above tables when their total contents equal the required quantity. All vessels carrying passengers, which transport automobiles or motor vehicles, the motive power of which is generated by any of the products of petroleum or other inflam- mable liquids shall carry, in addition to the chemical fire extinguishers required by the pre- ceding table for vessels carrying passengers, an approved carbon dioxide, foam type or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher which has demonstrated a capacity for extinguishing (G-62) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION burning oils, burning gasoline, and other burning products of petroleum, in accordance with the following table: Carbon di- oxide or foam-type fire extin- guishers Carbon tetrachloride fire extin- guishers Automobiles or motor vehicles carried: 1 2 3 4 6 6 4 5 6 8 10 12 31 and not over 40. 41 and not over 50 _ _ For each additional 20 automobiles or motor vehicles, or fraction thereof, add one carbon dioxide or one foam or two carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers. The requirements may be reduced to 25 percent, but not less than one of either, when an efficient overhead water sprinkling system, a carbon dioxide, or a foam system with sufficient hose to reach all parts of the deck where automobiles or motor vehicles are carried is installed, said systems to be installed in accordance with drawings or blueprints and specifications approved by the supervising inspector of the district having original jurisdiction. When a vessel is provided with enough fire extinguishers to take care of all the auto- mobiles or motor vehicles that can be carried, no extra fire extinguishers shall be required for any number of motorcycles carried. Extra safety-valve units shall be carried on board for 50 percent of hand fire extinguishers of the foam type, and extra charges shall be carried on board for 50 percent of each class of fire extinguishers provided. If 50 percent of each class of fire extinguishers carried gives a fractional result, extra charges and extra safety-valve units shall be provided for the next largest whole number. Example: Fire extin- guishers carried Extra charges required 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 2 2 3 Provided, however, That when provided with carbon-dioxide type of fire extinguishers, either an additional carbon dioxide extinguisher or a 2}£-gallon foam extinguisher may be furnished. For that 2^-gallon foam extinguisher no extra charge will be required. There shall also be carried on board a complete recharge for any fixed or built-in fire- extinguishing system that has been approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, except systems for engine rooms, fire rooms, and cargo holds. Fire extinguishers shall be located in such parts of the vessels as in the judgment of the local inspectors will be most convenient and serviceable in case of emergency, and so arranged that they may be easily removed from their fastenings. Every fire extinguisher thus pro- vided for shall be discharged and examined at each annual inspection: Provided, That carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers shall be tested for their pumping efficiency and the liquid discharged with proper care so that it may be replaced in the extinguishers. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall be checked by weighing to determine contents, and, if found to be more than 10 percent under required contents of carbon dioxide, shall be recharged. (G-63) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Every fire extinguisher provided for and required by this section shall be tested by the Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, and a report made by that bureau to the Board of Supervising Inspectors, which shall then determine whether the said extinguisher shall be approved for use on vessels subject to inspection. Every fire extinguisher approved after September 5, 1933, for use on vessels under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, shall have affixed thereto a metallic name plate having plainly stamped thereon the name of the fire extinguisher, the rated capacity in gallons, quarts, or pounds, and the name and address of person or firm for whom approved, and the identifying mark of the actual manufacturer. Recharges, particularly the acid, used in charging soda-and-acid type of fire extinguishers, must be packed in such manner that the filling operation (i. e., in recharging the extinguisher) can be performed without subjecting the person doing the recharging to undue risk of acid burns and shall be contained in Crown stopper type of bottle. 61.14 Fire-fighting equipment on vessels using oil as fuel. Steam-propelled vessels burning oil for fuel, and seagoing vessels in excess of 300 gross tons propelled by internal- combustion engines, except such vessels engaged in fishing, oystering, clamming, crabbing, or any other branch of the fishery or kelp or sponge industry, shall be fitted with the fire- fighting equipment of the type and character specified below: (a) In each fire room, a metal receptacle containing not less than 10 cubic feet of sand, sawdust impregnated with soda, or other approved dry materials, and scoop or shaker for distributing same: Provided, however, That vessels of 1,000 gross tons and under using oil as fuel, shall be fitted with a metal receptacle, containing not less than 5 cubic feet of sand, sawdust impregnated with soda, or other approved dry material, and scoop or shaker for distributing same. (6) In each boiler room and in each of the machinery spaces of vessels propelled by steam, in which a part of the fuel-oil installation is situated, two or more approved fire extinguishers of the foam type of not less than 2}£ gallons each or two or more approved fire extinguishers of the carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) type of not less than 15 pounds each shall be placed where accessible and ready for immediate use: Provided, That on vessels of 1,000 gross tons and under only one of the above-described extinguishers may be required. (c) (1) The fire hose lines in boiler and machinery spaces of existing cargo vessels of 3,000 gross tons and over, and existing passenger vessels exceeding 500 gross tons, shall be equipped with not less than two approved spray nozzles attached to sufficient length of hose so that, in each case, any part of the boiler or engine room space may be reached. This equipment shall be kept in efficient condition and ready for immediate use at all times: Provided, That on existing cargo vessels at least one such spray nozzle hydrant shall be permanently installed in the engine or boiler room space. The other spray nozzle and adapter may be used in connection with the regular fire hose and fire line equipment from the deck: Provided, That sufficient hose is available to reach any part of the boiler or engine room space: Provided, further, That on cargo and passenger vessels propelled by electric motors, spray nozzles are not required in the main motor room or in the machinery space when the major portion of auxiliaries are electrically driven. Spray nozzles are not required in the machinery space on cargo and passenger vessels propelled by internal combustion engines when a major portion of the auxiliaries are electrically driven. (2) In boiler and machinery spaces of new cargo and new passenger vessels of 1,600 gross tons and over, there shall be fitted in each such compartment not less than two spray- nozzle hydrants to which shall be attached sufficient length of hose so that any part of the boiler or machinery space may be reached. An approved spray nozzle shall be attached to each hose line. (G-64) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION (d) (1) On all steam propelled vessels having one boiler room there shall be provided one fire extinguisher of the foam type of at least 40 gallons rated capacity or one carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) extinguisher of at least 100 pounds. If the vessel has more than one boiler room, an extinguisher of the above type shall be provided in each boiler room. (2) On all steam propelled vessels of 1,000 gross tons and under, foam type fire extin- guishers of at least 20 gallons rated capacity or carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) extinguishers of at least 50 pounds may be used in lieu of the capacities required in (1). (3) Extinguishers fitted in compliance with (1) and (2) shall be equipped with suitable hose and nozzles on reels or other practicable means easy of access, and of sufficient length to reach any part of the boiler room and spaces containing oil-fuel pumping units. ie) (1) Steam-propelled passenger vessels burning oil for fuel shall be fitted with an approved fixed carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray system for extinguishing fire in the bilges of each fireroom. If engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separate, or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room bilge into the engine room, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered one compartment. The system shall be capable of being operated from a convenient and accessible point outside of space protected. (2) Passenger vessels propelled by internal-combustion engines shall be fitted with an approved fixed carbon dioxide system, for extinguishing fire in the machinery space. The system shall be capable of being operated from a convenient and accessible point outside of space protected. if) All vessels propelled by internal-combustion engines shall be equipped with the following foam-type or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers in the machinery spaces: (1) One approved 12-gallon foam- type extinguisher or one approved 35-pound carbon dioxide extinguisher. (2) One approved 2^-gallon foam- type, or one approved 15-pound carbon dioxide extinguisher for each 1,000 B. H. P. of the main engines, or fraction thereof. (3) The total number of 2^-gallon foam- type or 15-pound carbon dioxide extinguishers carried in compliance with (2) shall not be less than two, and need not exceed six. (4) When a donkey boiler fitted to burn oil as fuel is located in the machinery space, there shall be substituted for the 12-gallon foam or 35-pound carbon dioxide unit required by (1), one approved 40-gallon foam or one approved 100-pound carbon dioxide unit. (g) On all passenger vessels there shall be provided in the machinery spaces, which contain electric propelling motors and generators of the open type, at least one 15-pound carbon dioxide extinguisher for each such electric propelling motor and generator unit. (h) Carbon dioxide system requirements: (1) When a carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) smothering system is fitted in the boiler room, the quantity of carbon dioxide carried shall be sufficient to give a gas saturation of 25 percent of the gross volume of the largest boiler room from tank top to top of the boilers. Top of the boilers is to be considered as the top of the shell of a Scotch or leg type of boiler, and the top of the casing or drum, whichever is the higher, on water-tube boilers. The quantity of carbon dioxide required may be determined approxi- mately by the following formula: W _ LXBXD W 36 Where IF=the weight of C0 2 required in pounds. X=the length of the boiler room in feet. 5= the breadth of the boiler room in feet. D=the distance in feet from tank top or flat forming lower boundary to top of boilers. (2) When a carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) smothering system is fitted in the machinery space (G^65) OCEAN AND COASTWISE- GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS of vessels propelled by internal combustion engines, the quantity of carbon dioxide required may be determined approximately by the following formula : W= LXBXD W 22 Where TF=the weight of C0 2 required in pounds. Z=the length of machinery space in feet. B— breadth of the machinery space in feet. D= distance in feet from tank top or flat forming lower boundary to the underside of deck forming the hatch opening. (3) The whole charge of gas shall be capable of being released simultaneously by operat- ing one valve and control. All cylinders shall be completely discharged in not more than two minutes. The arrangement of the piping shall be such as to give a general and fairly uniform distribution over the entire area protected. An alarm which shall operate auto- matically with the operation of the system shall be provided to give a warning in the space when the carbon dioxide is about to be released. Provision shall be made to prevent the admission of air into the lower parts of the boiler or engine room while the system is in operation. (i) Foam smothering system requirements: (1) When a foam-type system is fitted, its capacity shall be such as to rapidly discharge over the entire area of the bilge (tank top) of the largest boiler room a volume of foam 6 inches deep. The arrangement of piping shall be such as to give a uniform distribution over the entire area protected. The system shall be completely discharged in not more than 3 minutes. (2) The foregoing system may be of a type employing either two-solution tanks or one or more generators using an approved dry chemical mixture. All containers and valves by which they are operated shall be easily accessible and so placed that they will not readily be cut off from use by an outbreak of fire. (j) Fixed water spray system: (1) When a fixed system is fitted for spraying water on oil in bilges, its capacity shall be such as to blanket the entire area of the bilge (tank top) of the largest boiler room with an adequate supply of water. (2) The arrangement of piping and nozzles shall be such as to give a uniform distribution over the entire area protected. The piping system for each space protected shall be in one unit, unless otherwise specifically approved by the Director. (3) All valves by which the system is operated shall be located outside of the space protected and shall be easily accessible. Suitable means shall be provided to prevent the passage of foreign substances into the spray nozzles. (4) The primary source of supply for the system shall be from a pump or pumps of suit- able capacity and pressure. The pump or pumps shall be reserved for this purpose only. This pump or pumps sball be located outside of space protected. 61.15 Water sprinkling system. On and after December 31, 1916, all steamers carrying passengers, and which also carry freight upon the main deck which is accessible to passengers or crew while being navigated, shall have installed in such main-deck freight space an efficient overhead water-sprinkling system. The crew and passenger sleeping accommodations located below the main deck on steamers engaged in the passenger traffic shall have installed therein an efficient overhead water-sprinkling system, unless such quarters and the bed frames therein are constructed of metallic or noncombustible material, thereby making them practically fireproof. On steamers carrying passengers where the kitchens or galleys are located below the (G-66) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION main deck, there shall be installed in such kitchens or galleys an efficient overhead water- sprinkling system. This paragraph shall become effective July 1, 1917. The water-sprinkling system above referred to shall be reliable and efficient and so lo- cated that the volume of discharge shall be sufficient to entirely cover or blanket the freight in case of fire, and to entirely and fully sprinkle the compartment in which the passengers or crew may be accommodated below deck, and be installed in such manner as to be easily and quickly accessible of operation, and shall be ready for service at all times when freight or passengers are on board. The operating valves for the sprinkling system shall be suitably marked. 61.16 Fire -detecting, alarm, automatic sprinkler, and patrol systems; new and exist- ing vessels, (a) (1) All passenger vessels with berthed or stateroom accommodations for 50 or more passengers shall be fitted, unless deemed unnecessary by the Director for the proper protection of life, with an automatic water-sprinkling system of a type approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, which system shall be so installed as to protect all enclosed parts of the vessel accessible to passengers or crew while the vessel is being navi- gated, except cargo holds, machinery spaces, and when of fire-resisting construction, toilets, bath rooms, and spaces of similar construction. Where, in the case of a particular vessel, the Director does not consider the installation of an automatic water-sprinkling system necessary, such vessel shall be protected in such enclosed parts of the vessel as the Director shall deem necessary, with an automatic electric or pneumatic fire-detecting and alarm system, used singly or in combination, of a type approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (2) All passenger vessels of more than 150 feet in length having berthed or stateroom accommodations for less than 50 passengers, shall be fitted with an automatic fire-detecting and alarm system of a type approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. Such system may be electric, pneumatic, automatic sprinkler or a combination of each. (6) (1) All passenger vessels having berthed or stateroom accommodations for passen- gers shall be provided with an efficient supervised fire patrol system of an approved type which will record the time of each visit to each recording station, unless the stations are so interrelated as to require operation of all stations of a route in a fixed order, in which case the record shall show the time of start and finish of each tour. (2) The date of both the night and morning portions of the patrol shall be entered on the record. The records shall be available for review by inspectors of this Bureau for a period of 6 months after the date to which such records refer. (3) The station boxes shall have seals placed over the securing screws in order to leave evidence of removal or tampering. The number and location of recording stations, the order in which they are visited, and the number undertaken by one patrolman shall be approved by the Director. (4) Where the system is not equipped with a recording apparatus in the control sta- tion 1 the patrolman shall report to the bridge every hour. (c) All passenger vessels of more than 150 feet in length having berthed or stateroom accommodations for passengers which are not equipped with a fire-detecting system in cargo spaces, shall be equipped with an approved smoke detecting system in all cargo spaces which are inaccessible to passengers or crew while the vessel is being navigated. Cargo spaces which are accessible to passengers or crew while the vessel is being navigated shall be equip- ped with a water-sprinkling system. (d) All passenger vessels with sleeping quarters for passengers shall be provided with an approved manual fire alarm system which operates alarm bells in the pilot house, engine 1 Those stations in which a 24-hour watch is maintained and in which, (l) navigating equipment is located, or (2) radio equipment is located, or (3) central fire station where fire-recording instruments are located. (G-67) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS room, and emergency squad quarters where provided. The manual fire alarm system shall be installed in accordance with the plans approved by the Director and shall have a suitable number of stations on all decks so as to enable the patrolman to give the alarm immediately in case of fire. 61.17 Fire-detecting and automatic sprinkling systems — (a) Provisions common to all systems — (1) General, (i) All devices and equipment installed shall be of a type and character suitable for marine use, and shall be approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (ii) In addition, parts and samples of any equipment shall be submitted by the manu- facturers for test purposes, upon request of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (iii) Furthermore, all apparatus, devices, and circuits of /as a complete system shall withstand a 60-day endurance test without repair, one-half of which time shall be at sea service. (iv) Fire-alarm systems shall not be used for the transmission of other than fire-alarm signals. (v) Systems shall be normally free of electrical grounds. (vi) All conductors shall conform to specifications for interior communication cable contained in the marine rules as adopted by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers as regards construction, size, leading, armoring, protection, support, and details of installa- tion, with the following exceptions: All conductors shall be lead sheathed to protect against moisture and conductors exposed to mechanical injury shall be leaded and armored. Lead- sheathed conductors may be used for voltages of 60 volts or less. In single-wire, closed- circuit systems (series) approved metallic sheathed wire shall be used in connecting thermo- stats in each thermostat zone, but approved multiconductor cable may be used to connect the several individual zones to the annunicator panel. (2) Maintenance and test, (i) With each equipment there shall be furnished a framed chart which shall be visible in the wheelhouse at all times, bearing full instructions for oper- ation, maintenance, and test of the system. (ii) This chart shall bear tabulated spaces for the date and signature of a licensed officer of the ship who shall witness or conduct tests of the system at intervals not less frequent than required in the specification forming part of the approval of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. It is recommended that periodic inspections be made by the manufacturer of the equipment. (iii) The chart shall list the minimum spare material which is required in each equip- ment in the specification forming part of the approval of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (3) Classification. Protection shall be provided by systems of the following types, used singly or in combination: (i) Electrical system, using thermostats or thermostat wire operating by heat to produce visual and audible signals. (ii) Pneumatic-tube system, using thermostats composed of copper tubing containing air, the expansion of which produces visual and audible signals. (iii) Smoke-pipe system, in which fire is indicated visually and by the sense of smell by smoke drawn through pipes and suitably illuminated. (b) Electrical and pneumatic-tube systems — (1) Scope of installations, (i) For vessels 150 feet and under in length systems of these types shall provide one annunciator lamp or drop, or other suitable indicator for each fire-alarm circuit, this annunciator, together with an alarm bell, to be located in the wheelhouse or in the engine room. (ii) For vessels above 150 feet and under 350 feet in length systems of these types shall provide one annunciator lamp or drop, or other suitable indicator for each fire-alarm circuit, (G-68) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION this annunciator, together with an alarm bell, to be located in the wheelhouse or chart room; and shall provide an auxiliary audible alarm in the engine room. (iii) For vessels 350 feet or more in length systems of these types shall provide one annunciator lamp or drop, or other suitable indicator for each fire-alarm circuit, this annunci- ator, together with an alarm bell, to be located in the wheelhouse or chart room or in a fire station in which a 24-hour watch is kept; and shall provide an auxiliary audible alarm in the engine room. (iv) Annunciators or other indicators shall be clearly marked to show the fire-alarm circuit protected and shall indicate or function until manually restored. (2) Location of detectors; electrical system, (i) Detectors (thermostats) shall be installed overhead in the high point of each compartment protected. At least one detector shall be installed in each such compartment. Detectors (thermostats) shall not be approved for use in cargo compartments or other inaccessible places after June 30, 1933, unless satis- factory provision is made to replace them without ingress to the compartment in which they are located. (ii) On smooth ceilings detectors shall be spaced not over 15 feet apart and the area protected by a single detector shall not exceed 200 square feet, and no point on the ceiling shall be more than 10 feet away from the detector. For the detectors of the wire type each circuit shall consist of a continuous length of thermostat wire not exceeding 1,000 feet in length. The thermostat wire shall extend into each compartment protected and no point on the ceiling shall be more than 10 feet away from the thermostat wire. (iii) Thermostat wire shall be run directly on the ceiling or within 12 inches of the ceiling on partitions or bulkheads. In cargo compartments all fire-indicating apparatus shall be installed overhead and not on the ship's side or on bulkheads. (iv) Ceilings divided into panels or bays by beams not more than 8 inches deep shall be regarded as smooth ceilings; otherwise each bay shall be regarded as a separate ceiling. (v) Where these spacing requirements are impracticable because of unusual beam structures, special instructions shall be obtained from the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (vi) All detectors in cargo spaces, or otherwise subject to mechanical injury, shall be suitably protected by substantial steel protectors crossing over in front of detectors and fastened to beams or brackets or the equivalent. (vii) As required by the Bureau, from 3 to 6 spot thermostats for fire-detecting systems installed prior to January 1, 1935, and at subsequent intervals, shall be supplied for test purposes and if found lacking in sensitivity the entire installation of thermostats shall be replaced. (3) Location of detectors; pneumatic-tube system, (i) Each circuit shall consist of a continuous length of pneumatic tubing, not exceeding 1,000 feet in length, without branches or alternative paths. (ii) Tubing shall be run directly on ceilings or within 12 inches of ceiling on partitions or bulkheads. In cargo compartments all fire-indicating apparatus shall be installed over- head and not on the ship's side or on bulkheads. (iii) In every inclosed space or separate room there shall be exposed at least 5 percent of total length of tubing or circuit. (iv) In no case shall less than 25 feet of exposed tubing be used in any inclosed space or separate room. (v) On smooth ceilings no point on the ceiling shall be more than 12 feet from nearest point of tubing. (vi) Ceilings divided into panels or bays shall be regarded as smooth ceilings, provided (G-69) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS beams are not more than 8 inches deep, otherwise at least one line of tubing shall be run in each bay. (vii) Where these spacing requirements are impracticable because of unusual beam structures, special instructions shall be obtained from the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (viii) Where necessary, tubing shall be protected against mechanical injury. (ix) Tubing shall be inclosed in conduit or otherwise heat insulated where this is necessary in order to properly isolate signals. (4) Zoning, (i) A single fire-alarm circuit shall not include more than 50 individual rooms or storage lockers. (ii) Spaces separated by watertight bulkheads or fire bulkheads shall not be included in the same zone, except that lockers within such space may be included in the zone. A fire-alarm zone shall not include spaces on more than one deck, nor extend over an area more than 100 feet fore and aft, except that adjacent peak spaces not exceeding a com- bined ceiling area of 3,000 square feet may be included in a single fire-alarm zone. On vessels where the watertight bulkheads required by law do not extend to the weather deck, the 'tween-deck spaces shall be considered as though each such bulkhead extended to the weather deck. (iii) Systems shall be so designed that one circuit becoming inoperative will not affect the operation of any other circuits. (iv) The system shall be so arranged as to permit one or any number of fire-alarm signals simultaneously, and an alarm on any one circuit shall not interfere with the operation of any other circuit. (5) Supervision, (i) The source of energy and all electrical circuits, except as here- inafter provided, shall be under constant electrical supervision. In event of failure of the source of energy or a break in any supervised circuit, a distinctive trouble signal or fire- alarm signal shall sound continuously until the trouble is corrected. No switch for silencing this signal shall be provided unless its operation transfers the signal to a trouble lamp. (ii) All trouble circuits, the source of energy for trouble circuits, and normally open secondary circuits on control panels incased in metal protection need not be supervised. (iii) The thermostats themselves need not be supervised if connected in multiple. (iv) A fire gong shall be supervised. When multiple fire gongs are used, at least one shall be supervised. (6) Current supply, (i) The source of energy for the fire-alarm system, including supervisory circuits, shall consist of a storage battery of sealed cells automatically charged from the main bus bars of the lighting system, and used for no other purpose. (ii) The supply voltage shall be not less than 20 volts. The system shall be able to operate at 80 percent of normal voltage. (iii) The capacity of the storage battery shall be sufficient to supply the system for at least 48 hours without recharging, and shall be not less than 10 ampere hours. (7) Fuses. Approved fuses of not less than 3-ampere nor more than 6-ampere capacity shall be provided at or near the bus bars from which the charging current is taken and on charging panel in main discharge leads of battery. (8) Control panels and devices, (i) All panels and devices shall be capable of operating when inclined to an angle of 45°. Operation shall not be affected by vibration. (ii) Audible signals shall be produced on vibrating fire-alarm bells of inclosed type with gongs not less than 6 inches in diameter. (iii) Provision shall be made for silencing the fire-alarm bell by means of a switch operating when the door of the control-panel cabinet is open at least 3 inches, or by equiva- lent means. (G-70) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION (c) Smoke-pipe systems — (1) Scope of installations. Systems of this type shall pro- vide one detecting device to which all smoke pipe shall lead, which device shall be located in the wheelhouse or in a fire station in which a 24-hour watch is kept. This device shall, where installed on vessels of over 5,000 gross tons, be provided with an audible alarm at the detecting panel together with an auxiliary audible alarm located in the engine room. (Applicable to all new installations of the smoke-pipe systems.) (2) Construction and installation, (i) The detecting device shall be such that finely divided and diluted particles of smoke shall be readily indicated visually. The lighting arrangement shall be such as not to be disturbing to navigation at night. (ii) Smoke collectors shall be installed overhead in each compartment protected and shall be so located that no point on the overhead deck is more than 40 feet from a collector. The indicating pipes or tubing shall be not smaller than three-fourths inch inside diameter. When more than one smoke collector is required for a compartment, not more than two collectors may be connected to one indicating pipe. Each compartment shall have one or more indicating pipes extending to the detecting device, except that the pipes from small adjacent compartments not exceeding a combined volume of 5,000 cubic feet may be joined. No smoke collector shall be located nearer to the edge of the opening of a ventilator than three times the diameter or equivalent diameter of the opening. (iii) The exhaust shall discharge into the compartment housing the detecting device for the detection of fire by odor; and a valve plainly marked and readily operable from that compartment shall be provided to direct the exhaust, if obnoxious, to the outside. (iv) Suction fans shall be furnished in duplicate, and shall be provided with switches to permit their operation from the emergency lighting circuit. Where the emergency lighting voltage is less than the normal lighting voltage, one fan shall be so arranged that it may be operated from either source. (v) A trouble signal shall be provided which will indicate the stopping of the suction fan due to worn brushes, etc., or the failure of the lamps used for illuminating the smoke particles. (vi) Where exposed to injury in cargo compartments the collectors and smoke pipes shall be reasonably protected against injury. (vii) All smoke pipes shall be installed to grade to low points and at low points provided with approved drains. These pipes shall be run with as easy bends as practicable. (viii) The smoke inlets in cargo holds should be examined to determine whether inlets are obstructed by corrosion, paint, dust, or other extraneous condition. Smoke tests should be made in all holds and the appearance of smoke at cabinet noted. (d) Automatic sprinkling system. (1) The sprinkling system shall, where practicable, consist of pipe fitted with sprinkler heads at suitable distances that will operate auto- matically in the event of a fire, and spray water on the surrounding area. (2) The system shall be supplied primarily by a pressure tank or tanks of suitable capacity and maintained at the required pressure, and secondarily by an automatically controlled pump so arranged that when the pressure in the tank falls to a predetermined point the pump will cut in. Where a motor-driven sprinkler pump is installed, it shall be capable of being operated from the emergency electrical circuit in case of failure of the main power. Any water standing in the system or the tank should be fresh; and in the event the supply to the pump is salt water, appropriate check valves shall be installed to prevent the salt water entering the tank. Provision should be made to cut in any additional pumping equipment under manual control. (3) Sprinkler systems shall be zoned, and means shall be provided for giving an alarm where it can be most quickly observed by officers or crew in case of water flow from sprink- lers, low air pressure, closed supply valves or operation of thermosensitive elements. (G-71) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (4) The automatic sprinklers, alarm valves, and other fire-protection devices to be used in the above system shall be of a type approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, and the entire system shall be installed in accordance with drawings and specifications approved by the Director. (5) All tanks installed on or after January 1, 1939, for use in connection with sprinkler systems shall be constructed, tested, and inspected as unfired pressure vessels in accordance with the provisions of parts 50 to 57, inclusive, of this chapter. All such tanks which were installed prior to January 1, 1939, shall be tested and inspected as unfired pressure vessels in accordance with the provisions of parts 50 to 57, inclusive, of this chapter. 61.18 Oxygen-breathing apparatus, gas masks, and flame-safety lamps. All passen- ger vessels which are provided with sleeping quarters for passengers shall be provided with oxygen-breathing apparatus, gas masks, and flame safety lamps, as follows: (a) Vessels with 50 to 100 staterooms for passengers, 4 oxygen -breathing apparatus or 4 gas masks. (b) Vessels with more than 100 staterooms for passengers, six oxygen-breathing appa- ratus or six gas masks and a flame-safety lamp. (c) Oxygen-breatbing apparatus or gas masks shall be kept in operative condition and in the following places: Vessels coming under paragraph (a), two shall be in the pilot house, one in the engine room, one in wireless room. Vessels coming under paragraph (b), three shall be kept in the pilot house, two in engine room, one in wireless room. (d) The master and chief engineer shall train a sufficient number of officers and crew in their respective departments in the use of the equipment. (e) Only oxygen-breathing apparatus and flame-safety lamps that have been approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors may be used. (/) Oxygen-breathing apparatus shall be of at least one-half hour period type, and gas masks shall have the approval of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (g) One extra cylinder for each oxygen-breathing apparatus and one extra canister for each gas mask shall be carried. (h) The gas mask mentioned above shall be of an approved type which provides full protection against carbon monoxide and other gases. (i) All vessels equipped with refrigeration of any kind shall carry one gas mask of a kind giving protection against the refrigerant used, in addition to the breathing apparatus. (J) Vessels engaged in international voyages, at least two oxygen-breathing apparatus and two flame-safety lamps, inclusive of the requirements of (a) or (b), if applicable. One breathing apparatus and flame-safety lamp shall be in the pilot house, the other apparatus and lamp in such place as the master may designate. 61.20 Lubricating oils. Lubricating oils for use on board the vessel shall be stored in secure tanks, casks, or cans in the engine-room compartments or storeroom, or in metal- lined lamp lockers or oil rooms. Effective on and after April 9, 1941. 61.21 Fire extinguishers for emergency power plants. In compartments where emerg- ency lighting and wireless units are located, two approved fire extinguishers of either carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or foam type shall be permanently located at the most accessible points. In addition, two fire extinguishers of the above types shall be permanently located so as to be readily accessible to the emergency fuel tanks containing gasoline, benzine, or naphtha. 61.22 Fire-resisting bulkheads. On and after July 1, 1931, all passenger vessels shall be fitted above the bulkhead deck with fire-resisting bulkheads which shall be continuous from side to side of the vessel and arranged to the satisfaction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. The mean distance between any two adjacent fire-resisting bulkheads in any superstructure shall, in general, not exceed 131 feet. For additional re- (G-72) FIRE APPARATUS; FIRE PREVENTION quirements see Part 144 — Construction or Material Alteration of Passenger Vessels of the United States of 100 Gross Tons and Over Propelled By Machinery, Chapter I, Title 46, Code of Federal Regulations. 61.23 Construction of motion picture booths — (a) Booths. Apparatus for projecting motion pictures using inflammable (nitrocellulose) film or slow-burning (acetate cellulose) film shall be contained in a fire-resistive booth or inclosure. It shall be not less than 7 feet in height and of horizontal area not less than 30 square feet for each projector. It shall not be located nearer than 10 feet to the principal exits of the room. (1) Construction of booth. The framework shall be constructed of structural steel angles or T irons not less than \){ inches by \)'t inches by }i inch, spaced not more than 2 feet apart, or 2 inches by }{ inch, when spaced from 2 feet to 4 feet apart, and shall be suitably braced to withstand lateral strains. It shall be securely anchored to the deck. The top and sides of the booth shall be covered on the inside of the steel frame with a metal sheet not thinner than No. 20 gage, inside of which is placed asbestos millboard not less than one- fourth inch thick, all properly secured to the framework. Transite asbestos boards or asbestos wood may be used without the sheet-metal covering, provided the distance between supports or the ]{ inch thickness does not exceed 2 feet; for the % inch thickness, 3 feet; for the }i inch thickness, 4 feet. The door shall be constructed similar to the booth, and shall be not less than 2 feet wide and 5 feet high, shall be self-closing, fit its frame tightly, and be provided with proper latches. The floor shall be covered with one thickness of three-eighth-inch asbestos millboard or transite board. All joints shall be made smoke proof. (2) Openings in booth. The booth shall be provided with a ventilating inlet on each of the three sides, each to be about 15 inches long and 3 inches high, covered on the outside with wire netting of mesh not greater than )'% inch, securely fastened to the wall. In the top of the booth shall be located an air-outlet opening of not less than 100 square inches for each projector connected by a fire-resistive flue to a safe distance above the top deck if the booth is located below deck. The flue shall be securely supported on the framework of the booth. This is designed to provide for an air current through the booth, when operating, of 30 or more cubic feet per minute. If in the given location this is not accomplished, artificial ventilation, as by means of a fan within the booth, shall be introduced. Two openings shall be provided at the front of the booth, one for the machine and the other for observation by the operator, the maximum area of each opening not to exceed 70 square inches. These openings as well as the air inlets near the bottom of the booth shall be provided with gravity doors made of iron or steel not less than % 6 inch in thickness, of size to overlap the openings by at least 2 inches, and arranged to slide without binding in properly constructed grooves, the joint between door and wall to be smoke-tight when doors are closed; said doors to be held open normally by the use of a fine combustible cord fastened to a fusible link located above the projector which melts at a temperature of 71° C. (160° F.), the whole being so arranged that the doors will close automatically upon severing of the cord or the fusing of the link. Provision shall also be made for closing said doors by hand from the outside of the booth. (3) General requirements. All films on board shall at all times be kept within the operating booths, except as otherwise herein provided. They shall be contained in individual metal boxes, except for the film in the machine and the film immediately before it is placed in or immediately after removal from the machine. Where not over five 5-pound reels are present in the booth they may be placed on incombustible shelves, suitably secured against displacement by the motions of the boat. Where more than 5 reels but not more than 10 reels are present, they shall be kept in closed shelves or cabinets similar in construction to that of the walls of the booth. Where more than ten 5-pound reels are present, they are to (G-73) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS be stored in an insulated film cabinet, the cabinet to be constructed per appended specifica- tions. All rewinding and repair of film shall be conducted within the projecting booth, unless a place with equal safeguards is provided. When in use the door of the booth shall be closed and when not in use it shall be locked. The projecting machine is to be suitably secured against displacement by the motions of the boat. All electric wiring and connections shall conform with accepted standards for the given purpose (National Electric Safety Code or National Electric Code). No smoking, matches, or lights other than properly guarded electric lights shall be permitted within the booth. (b) Cabinets. (1) The size of a cabinet for the temporary storage of films on board shall not exceed 10 cubic feet, and shall not be used for storage at one time of more than forty 5-pound reels. The reels shall be contained within suitable metal containers and be held on racks in such manner as not to be displaced by the motions of the boat. (2) The cabinet shall be constructed of incombustible materials throughout and shall be tightly enclosed. It may be of sheet iron of not less than No. 18 U. S. gage, stiffened with angle irons, double walled, with not less than 2 inches of space between walls, filled with incombustible insulating material, or equivalent construction. The door shall be con- structed equivalent to the walls of the cabinet, shall be self-closing, fit closely, and be kept closed and locked at all times except when films are being removed from or placed in the cabinet. If the cabinet is located within the booth, the door of the cabinet shall open out- ward through the wall of the booth, with tight joints between the booth wall and the cabinet or door. The cabinet shall otherwise be kept in a hold for the storage of hazardous materials. The cabinet shall be secured to the deck by fastenings attached to the outer angle irons. (c) Fire extinguisher required. At least one fire extinguisher of a kind approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors shall be placed near every such booth and be accessible at all times. (d) Motion-picture projectors. (1) Motion-picture projectors of the 16 mm. or 8 mm. size, using only slow-burning films, need not be of an approved type and may be used on inspected vessels without booths. (2) Motion-picture projectors using the 35 mm. size films shall only be used in booths, constructed in accordance with the specifications in paragraph (a) of this section and must be of an approved type. 61.24. Regulations to guard against and extinguish fire reestablished. The regulations in this part to guard against and extinguish fire, in effect on April 8, 1941, established under the authority of Title LII of the Revised Statutes of the United States (R. S. Sections 4399 — 4500, inclusive) , are hereby reestablished under the authority of section 2 (a) of the Act of October 9, 1940 (46 U. S. C. 463a), and effective on and after April 9, 1941. (G-74) PART 62— LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN Inspected Vessels Sec. 62. 1 Original licenses. 62. 2 Medical examination for original license. 62.3 Medical examination for renewal of license and raise of grade. 62. 4 Professional examination. 62. 5 Eeexamination and refusal of licenses. 62. 6 Preparation of licenses. 62. 7 Certificates of lost license. 62. 8 Parting with license. 62. 9 Renewal of licenses. 62. 10 Licenses; raises of grade. 62. 11 Examination for renewal of master's, mate's, or pilot's license. 61. 12 Laws, general rules and regulations, and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers. 62. 12a Notice to mariners; aids to navigation. 62. 13 Suspension and revocation of licenses. 62. 14 Misconduct of licensed officers. 62. 15 Licenses to officers of vessels owned by the United States. 62. 16 Reports of accidents. 62. 17 Persons allowed in pilot house and on navigation bridge. 62. 18 Station bills, drills, and reports of masters. 62. 19 Vessels requiring licensed masters. 62. 20 Alarm bells and loudspeaker systems. 62. 21 Steering gear tests. 62. 21a Steering orders. 62. 22 Unnecessary whistling. 62. 23 Draft. 62. 24 Hatches. 62. 25 Lookouts, cabin watchmen, and fire patrolmen. 62. 26 Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light. 62. 27 Unauthorized lights. 62. 28 Sanitation. 62. 29 Substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade. 62. 30 Master of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 31 Examination for master of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 32 Master of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 33 Examination for master of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 34 Masters of sail vessels. 62. 35 Examination for license as master of sail vessels. 62. 36 Chief mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 36a Examination for license as chief mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 37 Second mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 38 Examination for license as second mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 39 Third mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 40 Examination for license as third mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. 62. 41 Chief mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 41a Examination for license as chief mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 42 Second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 43 Examination for license as second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 44 Third mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. 62. 45 Examination for license as third mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. Sec. 62.46 62.47 62.48 62.49 62. 50 62.51 62.52 62.53 62. 53a 62.54 62.55 62.56 62.57 62.58 62. 58a 62.59 62.60 62.61 62.62 62.63 Inspected Vessels — Continued Indorsement of master's or mate's license as pilot. License as master of steam and motor yachts. Master, mate, and pilot of steam or motor pilot boats, Puerto Rican, and Hawaiian vessels, and steam fishing vessels. Qualifications required for license as engineer of steam vessels and license forms required. Chief engineer of ocean steam vessels. First assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. Second assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. Third assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, steam vessels. Engineers of motor vessels. License as chief engineer of motor vessels. License as first assistant engineer of motor vessels. License as second assistant engineer of motor vessels. License as third assistant engineer of motor vessels. Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, motor vessels. Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and ma- chinery by engineers. Fusible plug report. Qualifications and examination of certificated lifeboatmen. Examination of able seamen. Uninspected Vessels GENERAL 62. 100 Applicability of laws. 62. 101 Application. 62. 102 Effective date. 62. 103 Licenses issued. LICENSED MASTERS, MATES, AND ENGINEERS 62. 110 Original licenses. 62. Ill Professional examination and service required, etc., for original license or raise of grade. 62. 112 Medical examination for licenses. 62. 113 Reexaminations and refusal of licenses. 62. 114 Preparation of licenses. 62. 115 Laws, general rules and regulations, and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers. 62. 115a Notice to mariners; aids to navigation. 62. 116 Renewal of license, and examination for renewal where deemed necessary. 62. 117 Lifting of tonnage restriction. 62.118 Lost license. 62. 119 Suspension and revocation of licenses. 62. 120 Field offices of the Bureau where examinations are held. QUALIFICATIONS OF CANDIDATES 62. 130 Experience. 62. 131 Examinations. Inspected Vessels Section 62.1 Original licenses. The first license issued to any person by a United States inspector shall be considered an original license, where the United States records show no previous issue to such applicant. (G-76) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Before an original license is granted to any person to act as master, mate, pilot, or engineer he shall personally appear before some board of local inspectors for examination. Any person who has attained the age of 21 years and is qualified in all other respects shall be eligible for examination: Provided, That license as third mate, third assistant engineer, or second-class pilot may be granted to applicants who have reached the age of 19 years, and are qualified in all other respects: Provided, further, That no such license may be raised in grade before the holder thereof shall have reached the age of 21 years. Inspectors shall, before granting an original license to any person to act as an officer of a vessel, require the applicant to make written application upon the blank form furnished by the Department of Commerce, to be filed in the inspectors' office. When practicable, appli- cants for license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall present to the inspectors, to be filed with their application, discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served, certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served under him; also period of such service. Inspectors shall also, when practicable, re- quire applicant for pilot's license to have the written indorsement of the master and engineer of the vessel upon which he has served, and of one licensed pilot as to his qualifications. In the case of applicants for original engineer's license, they shall also, when practicable, have the indorsement of the master and engineer of a vessel on which they have served, together with one other licensed engineer. No original license shall be issued to any naturalized citizen on less experience in any grade than would have been required of a citizen of the United States by birth. Before granting an original license to any naturalized citizen to act as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, inspectors shall require the applicant to produce his naturalization certi- ficate. In the event the applicant is without such certificate, or there is any doubt whatso- ever about the citizenship of the applicant, he shall be required to produce a certificate from the proper United States naturalization officer certifying to the citizenship of the applicant. 62.2 Medical examination for original license. No candidate for original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be examined until he presents a certificate from the United States Public Health Service, duly attested, that he has passed a satisfactory exami- nation based on the contents of "The Ship's Medicine Chest and First Aid at Sea" or some other manual arranged for the purpose having the approval of the United States Public Health Service. No original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer shall be issued except upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service respecting the eye- sight, hearing, and physical condition of the applicant. Where from distance or other cause, except as hereinafter provided, an applicant would be put to great inconvenience or great expense to appear before a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service for examination, the certificate of a reputable physician may be ac- cepted in lieu of the certificate of the Public Health Service, and the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation may waive the examination for a like cause: Provided, That in no case shall an original license as master, mate, or pilot be issued except upon the certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health, Service respecting the acuity of vision and color sense of the applicant. In the event any license shall have been issued without the certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service, as provided for herein, the inspector who issued such license shall immediately make a written report of the circumstances of the case to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation and retain a copy of such report in the office file containing the record of the applicant's examination for license. Applicants for license as engineer shall not be subjected to examination as to ability to distinguish colors. (G-76) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN 62.3 Medical examination for renewal of license and raise of grade. No license as master, mate, or pilot shall be renewed or raise of grade granted except upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service that the color sense of the applicant is normal. Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who has lost the sight of one eye from securing a renewal of his license, provided he is qualified in all other respects. In the event an applicant for renewal of license is pronounced color blind the inspectors may grant him a license limited to service during daylight only. Applicants for renewal of license or raise of grade as engineer shall not be subjected to examination as to ability to distinguish colors. In the event an inspector finds that an applicant for raise of grade or renewal of license obviously suffers from near-sightedness, eye disease, poor hearing, or some other physical or mental infirmity to a degree that, in the opinion of the inspector, would render him incompetent to perform the ordinary duties of an officer at sea, he shall be required to under- go an examination by a surgeon of the Public Health Service to determine his competency in such respects. If the applicant subsequently produces a certificate from the Public Health Service to the effect that his condition has improved to a satisfactory degree, or is normal, he shall be qualified in this respect. Where from distance, or other cause, the applicant would be put to great inconvenience or expense to appear before a surgeon of the Public Health Service for examination the certificate of a reputable physician, or an oculist for vision or color sense, may be accepted in lieu of the certificate of a surgeon of the Public Health Service. 62.4 Professional examination. Before an applicant for original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, or raise of grade of any license, or any extension of route, may be examined the applicant shall, if practicable, present to the inspectors discharges or letters certifying to the amount and character of his experience. If the amount and character of his experience is satisfactory and he is eligible in all other respects the applicant shall be examined as to his knowledge, in writing, by a board of local inspectors: Provided, how- ever, That upon navigable waters of the United States newly opened to steamboat naviga- tion, and where the only pilots obtainable are illiterate Indians or other natives, the fact that such persons can neither read nor write shall not be considered a bar to such Indians or other natives receiving license as pilot of steam vessels, provided they are otherwise qualified therefor. No applicant for a license, who is a naturalized citizen, and who has obtained his experience on foreign vessels, shall be given a grade of license higher than that upon which he has actually served while acting under the authority of a foreign license. A record of every application for license, raise of grade, and extension of route, together with all examinations, medical certificates, and correspondence in connection therewith, shall be kept on file in the office of the local inspectors of the district. When the application of any person for license has been approved it shall be the duty of the inspectors to give the applicant the required examination as soon as practicable. 62.5 Reexamination and refusal of licenses. Any applicant for license who has been duly examined and refused may come before the same local board for reexamination at any time thereafter that may be fixed by such board, but he shall not be examined by any other local board until 1 year has expired from the date of the refusal without the sanction of the board that refused the applicant. If the inspectors shall decline to grant the applicant the license asked for, they shall furnish him a statement, in writing, setting forth the cause of their refusal to grant the same. 62.6 Preparation of licenses. All licenses hereafter issued to masters, mates, pilots, 403901°— 42 6 (G-77) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS and engineers shall be filled out on the face with pen and black ink instead of typewritten. Inspectors are directed, when licenses are completed, to draw a broad pen and black-ink mark through all unused spaces in the body thereof, so as to prevent, as far as possible, illegal interpolation after issue. Every person receiving license or a certificate of lost license shall sign the same and leave a print of his left thumb upon the back thereof, immediately upon its receipt. Local inspectors will be provided with a blank sheet to be attached to the license when more space is needed for endorsements. This sheet shall be securely glued to the license in a manner so that it may be folded under the license. The sheet shall bear the signature and thumbprint of the holder as is required for licenses, and shall be inscribed with the words, "Serial Number", "Issue Number", "This license expires " (in red ink), as appear on licenses. These data shall be identical with those which appear on the license. 62.7 Certificates of lost license. In case of loss of license of any class from any cause any board of local inspectors upon receiving satisfactory evidence of such loss and a record of the lost license from the board that issued same shall issue a certificate to the owner thereof, which shall have the authority of the lost license for the unexpired term, unless in the meantime the holder thereof shall have the grade of his license raised, after due exami- nation, in which case a license in due form for such grade may be issued. In all cases where a certificate of lost license is issued by a board other than the board that issued the lost license the certificate of lost license shall state what board issued the lost license. Whenever a license is reported to a board of local inspectors by a licensed officer as having been stolen from him, or whenever a license is stolen from an office of local inspectors, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact in either case to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation and give a full description of the license. Whenever a license is reported to a board of local inspectors by a licensed officer as having been lost by him, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact by letter to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation and give a full description of the license, and all facts incident to the loss of the license. By the same procedure they shall report the recovery of any licenses reported lost, giving the facts incident to their recovery. 62.8 Parting with license. If the holder of any license granted to a master, mate, engineer, or pilot, voluntarily parts with it or places it beyond his personal control by pledging or depositing it with any other person for any purpose, he may be proceeded against in accord- ance with the provisions of R. S. 4450, as amended (46 U. S. C 239), looking to a suspension or revocation of his license. 62.9 Renewal of licenses. Whenever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his license for the same grade, the presentation of the old license, with satisfactory certificate of visual examination, where required, and with oath of office, shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renewal, which old license and oath of office shall be retained by the inspectors upon their official files as the evidence upon which the license was renewed: Provided, That it is presented within 12 months after the date of its expiration, unless such title has been forfeited or facts shall have come to the knowledge of the inspectors which would render a renewal improper; nor shall any license be renewed more than 30 days in advance of the date of the expiration thereof, unless there are extraordinary circumstances that shall justify a renewal beforehand, in which case the reasons therefor must appear in detail upon the records of the inspectors renewing the license. Whenever an officer shall apply for renewal of his license for same grade, after 12 months after the date of its expiration, he shall be required to pass an examination for the same grade of license, of such length and scope as will, in the judgment of the local inspectors, be suffi- (G-78) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN cient to adequately demonstrate the continued professional knowledge of the examinee. The renewed license shall receive the next higher number for number of issue of present grade and for number of issues of all grades. Whenever a licensed officer makes application for a renewal of his license, he shall appear in person before some board of local inspectors or supervising inspector, except that upon renewal of such license for the same grade, when the distance from any local board or supervising inspector is such as to put the person holding the same to great inconvenience and expense to appear in person, he may, upon taking oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths, and forwarding the same, together with the license to be renewed and certificate of visual examination where required, to the local board or super- vising inspector of the district in which he resides or is employed, have the same renewed by the said inspectors, if no valid reason to the contrary be known to them; and they shall attach such oath to the stub end of the license, which is to be retained on file in their office: Provided, however, That any officer holding a license, and who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence from the United States, may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with his certificate of citizenship, if naturalized, and a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer of the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person; and upon receiving the same the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same and shall notify the applicant of such renewal, and no license as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel shall be renewed without furnishing a satisfactory certificate of color blindness. 62.10 Licenses; raises of grade. Licensed officers serving under 5 years' license, en- titled by license and service to raise of grade, after passing examination, shall have issued to them new licenses for the grade for which they are qualified, the local inspectors to file in their office the old license when surrendered, with the report of the circumstances of the case, but the grade of no license shall be raised except as hereinafter provided, unless the applicant can show 1 year's actual experience in the capacity for which he has been licensed. Inspectors shall, before granting an extension of route or raise of grade of license, require the applicant to make his written application upon the blank form of application for extension of route or raise of grade of license furnished by the Department. When practicable, applicants for extension of route or raise of grade of license shall present to the inspectors, to be filed with the application, discharges or letters from the master or other officer under whom they have served, or other satisfactory documentary evidence, certifying to the name of the vessel and in what capacity the applicant has served; also period of such service. If any board of local inspectors is satisfied by the documentary evidence submitted that a pilot is entitled by experience and knowledge to unlimited tonnage, it may remove any tonnage restrictions which may have been placed upon his license by any other board of local inspectors. Except as hereinafter provided, practical service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise vessel propelled by machinery shall be accepted when offered in documentary evidence by any person applying for an original license or raise of grade as equal to the same amount of service in any ocean or coastwise steam passenger vessel. Service on United States lighthouse tenders propelled by machinery shall be considered as equivalent experience for raise of grade as that obtained on vessels subject to inspection by this Bureau. Service on United States light vessels propelled by machinery shall be considered as one-half experience for raise of grade as that obtained on vessels subject to inspection by this Bureau. (G-79) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RCLES AND REGULATIONS 62.11 Examination for renewal of master's, mate's, or pilot's license. It shall be the duty of all inspectors, before renewing an existing license to a master or mate of steam or motor vessels, ocean or coastwise, or a pilot for any waters, who has not been employed as master, mate, or pilot on such waters during the 3 years preceding the application for renewal, to satisfy themselves by an examination in writing that such master or mate is thoroughly familiar with the International Rules of the Road, and such pilot is thoroughly familiar with the pilot rules upon the waters for which he is licensed. 62.12 Laws, general rules and regulations, and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers. Every master, mate, pilot, and engineer of vessels shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the inspectors with a copy of the Laws Governing Marine Inspection, and copy of the General Rules and Regu- lations Prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors, and every master and pilot of vessels and operator of motor vessels shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the inspectors with a pamphlet copy of the rules and regulations governing pilots and of the statutes upon which such rules are founded, applicable to the waters on which their licenses are intended to be used, as stated in the body thereof. 62.12a Notice to mariners; aids to navigation, (a) Licensed officers are required to acquaint themselves with the latest information published by the United States Coast Guard and the United States Navy regarding aids to navigation, and neglect to do so is evidence of neglect of duty. It is desirable that vessels navigating oceans and coastwise and Great Lakes waters shall have available in the pilot house for convenient reference at all times a file of the applicable Notice to Mariners. All vessels shall have charts of the waters on which they operate available for convenient reference at all times. (b) Notice to Mariners published weekly by the United States Coast Guard which contains announcements and information regarding aids to navigation and charts of waters of the United States is available for free distribution at the following places: Field offices of the United States Coast Guard; United States Coast and Geodetic Survey field stations; and the Marine Division, Customhouse. Notice to Mariners published weekly by the United States Navy for the correction of charts, sailing directions, light lists and other publications, and which includes foreign waters and certain waters of the United States, is available for free distribution at the Hydrographic Office, Branch Hydrographic Offices, or any of the agencies of seaboard ports, and is also on file in the United States consulates where they may be inspected. 62.13 Suspension and revocation of licenses. When the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot is revoked such license expires with such revocation and any license subse- quently granted to such person shall be considered in the light of an original license except as to number of issue. And upon the revocation or suspension of the license of any such officer said license shall be surrendered to the local inspectors or the supervising inspector who shall forward same to the Director. Such surrender will not obtain in those instances where the officer desires to avail himself of the appeal provisions of R. S. 4450 (46 U. S. C. 239), as amended, until a determination of his appeal. No person whose license has been suspended or revoked shall be issued another license except upon approval of the Director. When the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot is suspended the Director shall determine the length of its duration, except that such suspension shall not extend beyond the time for which the license was issued. When the Director suspends a license which is about to expire, he may withhold the renewal of such license for such time as he considers necessary. 62.14 Misconduct of licensed officers. Whenever a supervising, local, or assistant inspector of steam vessels or any of them shall find on board any vessel subject to the pro- (G-80) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN visions of this part any licensed officer under the influence of liquor or other stimulant to such an extent as to unfit him for duty, or when any licensed officer shall use abusive or insulting language to an inspector or assault any such inspector while on official duty, such officer may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of R. S. 4450 (46 U. S. C. 239), as amended, looking to a revocation or suspension of his license. 62.15 Licenses to officers of vessels owned by the United States. Any person who has served at least 1 year as master, commander, pilot, or engineer of any steam vessel, or seagoing motor vessel of 300 gross tons or over, owned and operated by the United States in any service in which a license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer was not required at the time of such service shall be entitled to license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, if the inspectors, upon written examination, as required for applicants for original license, may find him qualified: Provided, That the experience of any such applicant within 3 years of making application has been such as to qualify him to serve in the capacity for which he makes application to be licensed. 62.16 Reports of accidents. 5 The licensed officer in command of any vessel shall report in writing and in person to the board of local inspectors nearest the port of first arrival any accident to said vessel involving loss of life or damage to property to an approximate amount exceeding $500 and shall also report in the same manner any casualty or loss of life from whatever cause of any person on board such vessel and any stranding or grounding, whether or not any damage has been sustained by the vessel: Provided, That when from distance it may be inconvenient to report in person it may be done in writing only, and the report sworn to before any person authorized to administer oaths: Provided, Jurther, That during the period when a state of war exists between the United States and any foreign nation, communications in regard to casualties shall be handled with caution, and the above- mentioned reports shall not be made by radio or by telegram. Whenever a vessel commanded by an officer licensed by the Bureau collides with a light- ship, buoy, or other aid to navigation under the jurisdiction of the United States Coast Guard, or is connected with any such collision, it shall be the duty of the licensed officer in command of such vessel to report the accident to the nearest local office of the Bureau. When any collision of this character is reported to a local office, that office shall immediately transmit such information to the District Commander, United States Coast Guard, of the district in which the collision occurred. Whenever in an investigation of an accident to a vessel, made by the Bureau, it is stated by the officers of the vessel concerned, or it is developed by the investigation, or it is stated in a report of an accident, that the accident was due to a collision with a light vessel, buoy, or other aid to navigation under the jurisdiction of the United States Coast Guard, or to any fault of any such aid, or to the lack of such aid, the local inspectors investigating the case, or to whom the report was made, shall promptly report to the Commandant, United States Coast Guard, through the supervising inspector of the district and the Director, on the form provided for the purpose, the location of the accident, the aid to navigation near or at which the accident occurred; the nature of the accident; the alleged cause of the accident; whether or not the accident was due to some alleged fault of the aid, either in its operation or location; the proposed improvement in the aid, if such has been suggested; and all other information or suggestions coming to them which would be of value to the United States Coast Guard. If an investigation was held, the findings of the board shall also be reported. Local inspectors shall also report in the same manner any other informa- tion or suggestions coming to them concerning the need of additional aids to navigation or the modification of any existing aids. » See also § 1.38 of Subchapter A— Documentation, Entrance, and Clearance of Vessels, Etc. (G-81) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS The Bureau 's authorized to call on the District Commander, United States Coast Guard, of the district for any information concerning aids to navigation that will be useful in an investigation of an accident. 62.17 Persons allowed in pilot house and on navigation bridge. Masters and pilots of vessels carrying passengers shall exclude from the pilot house and navigator's bridge of such vessels, while under way, all persons not connected with the navigation of such vessels: Provided, That officers of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, licensed officers of vessels, persons regularly engaged in learning the profession of pilot, officers of the United States Coast Guard, United States Navy, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Engineer Department of the United States Army, may be allowed in the pilot house or upon the navigator's bridge upon the responsibility of the officer in charge. The master of every such passenger and ferry vessel shall keep three printed copies of this section posted in conspicuous places on such vessel, one of which shall be kept posted in the pilot house. Such printed copies shall be furnished by the Department of Commerce to local inspectors for distribution. 62.18 Station bills, drills, and reports of masters — (a) Station bills and muster lists. It shall be the duty of the master of every vessel carrying passengers and all other vessels of over 500 gross tons and subject to inspection to cause station bills and muster lists to be prepared before the vessel sails which shall be signed by the master who shall be responsible for their preparation. The station bills and muster lists shall be posted in conspicuous places in several parts of the vessel, particularly in the crew's quarters, and must contain full particulars of the signals which will be used for calling the crew to their stations for emer- gency duties. Special duties shall be allotted to each member of the crew and the muster lists shall show all these special duties and indicate the station to which each man must go and the duties he has to perform. The special duties should, as far as possible, be com- parable to the regular work of the individual. On passenger vessels where the size of the crew will permit, several members of the crew should be designated as an emergency squad and required to report to the bridge with certain equipment for instructions. The duties provided for by the muster lists should include: (1) The closing of airports, watertight doors, fire doors, and fire screens, the covers and all valves of all scuppers, sanitary and other discharges which lead through the ship's hull below the margin line, and stopping the fans and ventilating systems. (2) The extinction of fire. (3) The equipment of boats, rafts, and buoyant apparatus and their preparation for launching. (4) The muster of passengers, (i) Warning the passengers. (ii) Seeing that they are dressed and have put on their life jackets in a proper manner. (iii) Assembling the passengers and directing them to the appointed stations. (iv) Keeping order in the passages and on the stairways and generally controlling the movements of the. passengers. (b) Emergency signals — (1) Fire alarm signals, (i) The general fire alarm signal shall be a continuous rapid ringing of the ship's bell for a period not less than 10 seconds supple- mented by the continuous ringing of the general alarm bells for not less than 10 seconds. (ii) For dismissal from fire-alarm stations, the general alarm bells shall be sounded three times, supplemented by three short blasts of the whistle. (2) Boat station or boat drill signals, (i) The signal for boat drill or boat stations shall be more than six short blasts and one long blast of the whistle, supplemented by the same signal on the general alarm bells. (G-82) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (ii) Where whistle signals are used for handling boats, they shall be as follows: (a) To lower boats, one short blast of the whistle. (6) To stop lowering the boats, two short blasts of the whistle. (c) For dismissal from boat stations, three short blasts of the whistle. (3) Other emergency signals. The master of any vessel may establish such other emergency signal, in addition to the above, as will provide that all the officers and all the crew and passengers of the vessel will have positive and certain notice of the existing emergency. (c) Emergency squad. (1) The master may organize a squad to be used for emergency duties (other than a general emergency), or crew practices, and the nature of the signals or other means for assembling the squad remains within the discretion of the master. (2) The signals used for the assembly of the emergency squad should not conflict with the navigational signals or the signals used for a general alarm. (d) Drills, tests, and inspection. (1) It shall be the duty of the master or the mate or officer in command, once at least in each week, to call all hands to quarters and exercise them in discipline, and, weather permitting, in the unlashing and swinging out of the life- boats, the closing of all hand or power-operated watertight doors which are in use at sea, closing all fire doors and fire screens, the use of fire pumps and all other apparatus for the safety of life on board of such vessels, with special regard for the drill of the crew in the method of adjusting life preservers and educating passengers and others in this procedure, and to see that all the equipments required by law are in complete working order for imme- diate use; the fact of exercise of the crew, as herein contemplated, shall be entered upon the vessel's log book. (2) The section relating to fire and boat drills contemplates that such drills shall be conducted precisely as though an emergency existed. To accomplish the purpose of this section, lifeboat covers and strongbacks shall be removed, plugs or caps put in place, boat ladders secured in position for use, painters carried forward and tended so as to provide a good lead and slack to hold the boat in position under the davits when in the water. The person in charge of each lifeboat or life raft should have a list of its crew and should see that the men under his orders are acquainted with their several duties. The hand pumps and fire pumps shall be operated long enough and a sufficient number of outlets used to insure that such equipment is in order and effectual. The motor and the hand-operated propeller gear of each lifeboat shall be operated for a period of not less than 5 minutes once at least in every 7 days, in order that it may be ready for service at any time. Such operation shall be a part of the lifeboat drill and the fact of such operation shall be made a part of the report of such drill. When oxygen-breathing apparatus, gas masks, or other special equipment is carried, certain members of the crew shall be trained in the use of the equipment. (3) In passenger vessels in which the voyage exceeds 1 week in duration a complete lifeboat and fire drill shall be held before leaving port, and others thereafter at least once a week during the voyage. (4) All hinged or power-operated doors in main transverse bulkheads which are used for access while the vessel is being navigated, shall be opened and closed daily while the ship is at sea, in order to test the efficiency of the indicators and mechanisms. (5) The watertight doors and all mechanisms and indicators connected therewith, and all valves, the closing of which is necessary to make a compartment watertight, shall be inspected at sea at least once a week. (e) Log book entries. The entries in the vessel's Jog book relating to the exercise of the crew in fire and boat drills shall state the day of the month and the hour when so exercised, length of time of the drill, number on the boats swung out, number of lengths of hose used, (G-83) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS together with a statement of the condition of all fire and lifesaving apparatus, watertight door mechanisms, valves, etc. (f) Penalty. Any neglect or omission on the part of the officer in command of such vessels to strictly enforce the provisions of this section shall be deemed cause for suspension or revocation of the license of such officer. (g) Additional requirements. (1) It shall be the duty of the inspectors to require the officers and crew of all such vessels to perform the aforesaid drills and discipline in the presence of said inspectors at intervals sufficiently frequent to assure the said inspectors by actual observance that the foregoing requirements of this section are complied with. (2) The master of every passenger vessel shall report monthly the day and date of such exercise and drill, the number of lifeboats on board and the number on the boats that were swung out at each drill, the condition of the vessel and her equipments, and also the number of passengers carried. These reports shall be made to the office of the supervising inspector of the district where the vessel was last inspected. That officer will forward the reports to the board of local inspectors in which district the vessel operated during the greater part of the month to which the report relates, through the office of the proper supervising inspector. (3) Three copies of this section (Form 809a) shall be furnished every vessel carrying passengers and one to all other vessels to which this section applies, to be framed under glass and posted in conspicuous places about the vessel. 62.19 Vessels requiring licensed masters. There shall be a duly licensed master on board every steam vessel of more than 1 50 gross tons, or seagoing motor vessel of 300 gross tons or over, whenever such vessel is under way, and also upon every ocean and coastwise seagoing merchant vessel of the United States propelled by machinery, and upon every ocean-going vessel carrying passengers, subject to the inspection laws of the United States. 62.20 Alarm bells and loudspeaker system — (a) Alarm bells. All vessels over 100 gross tons shall have all sleeping accommodations equipped with a sufficient number of alarm bells so located as to warn all the occupants. The alarm bells, if electric, shall be operated from an open switch from the pilot house or bridge. The bells shall be of such size, charac- ter, and construction as to provide an alarm throughout the spaces for which they are provided. (b) Loudspeaker systems (where required). All passenger vessels, the construction of which is begun after January 1, 1937, and certificated to carry 1,000 persons or more including officers and crew, and all existing passenger vessels on which lifeboats are stowed more than 100 feet from the navigating bridge, shall be equipped with a loudspeaker system which shall enable an officer on the bridge to broadcast separately or collectively to the follow- ing stations : (1) Lifeboat stations, port and starboard. (The deck or decks on which lifeboats are stowed and from which they are launched.) (2) Embarkation deck, port and starboard. (The deck or decks, designated by con- struction design or by the vessel's station bill, used for the embarkation of passengers and crew into lifeboats. If lifeboat stations are used for embarkation purposes, this requirement to be omitted.) (3) Main quarters for crew. (The quarters of the emergency squad, deck crew, and stewards assigned to passenger quarters.) (4) Public spaces. (The spaces designated by the vessel's station bill where passengers and crew are to assemble in an emergency.) Speakers, designated by the Bureau, at lifeboat stations and on embarkation deck or decks, shall be arranged for two-way conversation with the bridge. The Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation may, in special cases, exempt passenger vessels having a small number of especially accessible lifeboats stowed (G-84) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN more than 100 feet from the bridge. However, no existing passenger vessel having lifeboats stowed more than 100 feet from the navigating bridge and certificated to carry more than 200 persons including officers and crew, shall be exempted from this requirement. (c) General specifications. (1) The loudspeaker system shall be of a type embodying rugged construction for marine use and simplicity of operation. The entire system shall be controlled from a single location on the bridge. (2) The type of system, method of operation, and installation to be as approved by the Bureau. Wiring to be of a type and character approved for new construction. Provision shall be made to maintain the operating voltage required for the system under conditions of variations in voltage up to 20 percent plus or minus in either the regular or emergency power supply. The system shall be so designed and installed that grounds, short or open circuits occurring at any point in the distribution system will disable not more than one loudspeaker and shall not reduce the volume on the remaining speaker more than three decibels. The amplifier system shall be so designed that grounds, short or open circuits on any part of the system will not cause overloading which will reduce the volume output more than three decibels or noticeably affect the quality of reproduction. The system shall be equipped with a call or attention signal, which shall be a distinctive note of about 1,500 cycles frequency. The frequency of the system shall be approximately 100/4,000 cycles; and to insure even reproduction of voice over this range, automatic volume control (not expanding type) shall be provided. Distortion not to exceed 10 percent. For alternating-current systems dupli- cate motor generator sets shall be provided and have automatic transfer between same. Indicating lights shall be installed in the control cabinet for indicating when a two-way speaker desires communication with the bridge. All metal parts for cabinets, panels, trans- formers, cases, shields, and any other metal parts subject to corrosion shall be cadmium- plated or protected by other suitable means, the method of which is to be approved by the Bureau. Soldered joints are not to be used except where absolutely necessary and must be made with rosin flux and coated with an insulating varnish that is not subject to the action of salt water. Speakers in outside locations to be mounted in metal boxes or cases with suit- able baffles, so constructed that they are protected against water but open for sound emission. Speakers in inside locations to be mounted in metal boxes or cases for protection, with latticed front for sound emission. All speakers to be of the dynamic cone type, with permanent magnetic field. (3) The system shall be used at the discretion of the master and shall function entirely independent of any public address or music distribution system, and the system shall not be used for entertainment purposes. (d) Approval. (1) Plans, including drawings of equipment, wiring diagrams, and detailed technical specifications, shall be submitted to the Bureau for comment and approval. (2) All items of equipment, including amplifiers, microphones, loudspeakers, and control apparatus, shall be of a type that has been tested and approved for such service by the Bu- reau. Before the loudspeaker system fitted on a particular vessel is approved, it shall be submitted to tests to be conducted by representatives of the Bureau. (3) Vessels shall be provided with a complete set of installation plans and operating instructions and an adequate supply of spare parts to include at least the following : 1 spare microphone, 100 percent vacuum tubes of all types used. A reasonable supply of all damage- able items, including relays, condensers, and loudspeaking units of each type. (4) The complete system shall be given an operating test at least once every week. These tests shall be made by a licensed officer of the vessel and the condition of the equip- ment entered in the vessel's log. (G-85) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 62.21 Steering gear tests. On all ocean vessels under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation making voyages of more than 48 hours' duration, the entire steering gear, the whistle, the means of communication and the signaling appliances between the bridge or pilot house and engine room shall be examined and tested by a licensed officer of the vessel within a period of not more than 12 hours before leaving port. All such vessels making voyages of less than 48 hours' duration shall be so examined and tested at least once in every week. The fact and time of such examination and test shall be recorded in the ship's log book. 62.21a Steering orders. "Right rudder" shall be given only when it is intended that the wheel, the rudder blade, and the head of the ship should go to the right. "Left rudder" shall be given only when it is intended that the wheel, the rudder blade, and the head of the ship should go to the left. Where rudder indicators are provided, they shall be installed consistent with the fore- going. 62.22 Unnecessary whistling. Unnecessary sounding of vessel's whistle is prohibited within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any licensed officer in charge of any vessel shall authorize or permit such unnecessary whistling, such officer may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of R. S. 4450 (46 U. S. C. 239), as amended, look- ing to a revocation or suspension of his license. 62.23 Draft. The master of every seagoing vessel shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his vessel in the log book. 62.24 Hatches. It shall be the duty of the master of any vessel under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to assure himself before proceeding to sea that all exposed cargo hatches of his vessel are properly covered. The covers shall be made watertight by the use of pliable gaskets, or by heavy canvas tarpaulins thoroughly covering the hatch covers and firmly secured in place by battens, which shall be securely fastened by toggles or wedges, or by the use of efficient screw fastenings. Hinged doors, portable plates, sidescuttles, gangways, cargo and coaling ports, and all other openings which are required to be kept closed during navigation, shall be closed before the vessel leaves sheltered waters. The time of closing and the time of opening shall be entered in the official log book. Failure by the master of any such vessel to observe this section shall be sufficient cause for suspension or revocation of his license on a charge of inattention to his duty. 62.25 Lookouts, cabin watchmen, and fire patrolmen. All vessels navigating the ocean during the nighttime shall have a lookout at all times at or near the bow. Nothing in this section shall exonerate any master or officer in command from the consequences of any neglect to keep a proper lookout or the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case. Vessels carrying passengers shall during the nighttime keep a suitable number of watch- men in all passenger quarters and on each deck. All watchmen shall be under the direct charge of the master or officer in command of the vessel, and each shall report to the officer in command at the pilot house at fixed intervals of not longer than every hour. Cabin watchmen and cabin patrols on duty in the nighttime shall have in their possession while on such patrol duty a suitable and efficient dry-battery flashlight. The uniform of the night watchman shall be so conspicuous as to be readily distinguished from other persons, and the coat or sweater marked with a rating badge worn on the left sleeve, marked "Watchman," and front of cap marked "Watchman." Watchmen or patrolmen shall not be required to perform any other duty while on watch. (G-86) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN On all passenger vessels having berthed or stateroom accommodations for passengers there shall be maintained while passengers are on board an efficient fire patrol so as to cover completely all parts of the vessel accessible to passengers or crew, at 20-minute inter- vals between the hours of 10 p. m. and 6 a. m., except machinery spaces, occupied by passen- ger or crew sleeping accommodations, and cargo compartments which are inaccessible to passengers or crew while the vessel is being navigated. Failure of a patrolman to follow a prescribed route, or to record each station within a definite time shall be entered on the record, along with the reason for the irregularity. The patrolman shall report to the bridge every hour on vessels where the fire patrol system is not equipped with a recording apparatus in the control stations. In vessels requiring more than one patrol route, one patrolman may contact the others and make the joint report to the bridge. A patrolman while on duty shall have no other tasks assigned to him. He shall be provided with a flashlight and shall wear a distinctive uniform or badge. In the case of vessels of noninflammable construction which are fitted with an approved automatic fire-detecting and alarm system in public spaces, the patrol throughout the entire patrolled area may be at 1-hour intervals. 62.26 Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light. Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light onto the bridge or into the pilot house of any vessel under way is prohibited. Any person who shall flash or cause to be flashed the rays of a blinding- light in violation of the above may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of section 4450 R. S., as amended, looking to the revocation or suspension of his license or certificate. 62.27 Unauthorized lights. Any master or pilot of any vessel who shall authorize or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required by law that in any way will interfere with distinguishing the signal lights may be proceeded against in accordance with the provisions of R. S. 4450, as amended, looking to a revocation or suspension of his license. 62.28 Sanitation. It shall be the duty of the master and chief engineer of any vessel under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to see that such vessel and the passenger and crew's quarters are kept in a sanitary condition. Failure on the part of the master (or chief engineer so far as it applies to the engineer's department) of any vessel to observe and carry into effect this section shall be sufficient cause for the suspension of his license on a charge of inattention to his duties. 62.29 Substituting service in next lower grade for raise of grade. Except as herein- after provided, an applicant who has served in a lower grade than that for which he is licensed may substitute service in the grade next below that for which he is licensed, which service shall count one-half in computing experience for raise of grade. For example, if an applicant while holding license as chief mate or first assistant engineer serves 9 months as chief mate or first assistant engineer and 6 months in the next lower grade, the 6 months' service shall count as 3 months in the higher grade in either case. Except as hereinafter provided, service as a licensed officer in charge of a watch shall count as full time for raise of grade to second mate or second assistant engineer. 62.30 Master of ocean steam or motor vessels. An applicant for license as master of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over, shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as chief mate of ocean steam vessels or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (G-87) OCEAN AND COASTWISE- GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (b) One year's service as chief mate of coastwise steam vessels or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (c) Two years' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as chief mate of such vessels; or, (d) Two years' service as second mate of coastwise steam vessels or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as chief mate of such vessels; or, (e) One year's service as master of coastwise steam vessels or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (/) Two years' service as master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over, for license as master of freight or towing steam vessels or motor vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (g) Thirty-six months' service as master of steam or motor vessels of 4,000 gross tons or over upon the waters of the Great Lakes, together with 12 months' service as second mate of ocean steam vessels or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over. 62.31 Examination for master of ocean steam or motor vessels, (a) An applicant for license as master of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun, moon, or star). (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun, moon, or star). (4) Position finding by two or more heavenly bodies out of the meridian. (5) Position finding by dead reckoning. (6) Great circle sailing. (7) Azimuth by altitudes of sun, moon, or star. (8) Constructing deviation table by bearings of a fixed object. (9) Chart navigation. (10) Time of high water by calculation. (11) Fuel conservation. (12) Signaling by semaphore and blinker. (13) Stability and hull construction. (14) International Code of Signals. (15) International Rules of the Road. (16) Lifesaving apparatus. (17) Deviation and compass compensation. (18) Ocean winds, weather, and currents. (19) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (20) Aids to navigation. (21) Seamanship. (22) Chart construction. (23) Ship sanitation. (24) United States Navigation Laws. (25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (26) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.32 Master of coastwise steam or motor vessels. An applicant for license as master of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (G-88) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (b) Two years' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels while holding a license as chief mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (c) Two years' service as master of lake, bay or sound steam or motor vessels of 500 gross tons or over, together with 6 months' service as chief mate or 12 months' service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels, while holding license as master of such lake, bay or sound vessels ; or, (d) Five years' service on ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, 2 years of which service shall have been as master of such vessels, for license as master of coastwise freight and towing vessels of not over 750 gross tons; or, (e) One year's service as a licensed master of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 700 gross tons or over for a license as master of coastwise freight or towing vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (/) Two years' service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay or sound towing steam or motor vessels of 150 gross tons or over, for license as master of coastwise towing vessels of 750 gross tons or under; or, (g) Two years' service as master of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, or sounds, for license as master of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles; or, (h) Two years' service as a licensed master of steam or motor vessels of 250 gross tons or over, engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, for license as master of coastwise, freight or towing vessels of not more than 750 gross tons. (i) Three years' service as operator of nondescript power-propelled vessels not carrying passengers for license as master of such vessels not exceeding 100 gross tons; 3 years' service as operator of nondescript power-propelled vessels carrying passengers for license as master of such vessels not exceeding 100 gross tons; on coastwise routes not exceeding 50 miles, and 15 miles offshore: Provided, That local inspectors shall require a suitable examination for this license. 62.33 Examination for master of coastwise steam or motor vessels, (a) An applicant for license as master of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes exceeding 300 miles shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. 6 (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun or star) (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (4) Ship's position by lines of position. 6 (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Azimuth by altitude of s\in or star. 8 (7) Chart navigation. (8) Time of tide by tables. (9) Speed by engine revolutions. 6 (10) Distance off a fixed object. (11) Change in draft due to density of water. 6 (12) Signaling by semaphore. (13) Stowage. (14) International Code of Signals. (15) International Rules of the Road. (16) Lifesaving apparatus. (17) Magnetism, with regard to a ship's compass. (18) Coastwise winds and currents. 8 Not to be given applicants for towing-steamer license. (G-89) OCEAN AND COASTWISE- GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (19) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (20) Aids to navigation. (21) Seamanship. (22) Hull nomenclature. (23) Ship sanitation. (24) United States Navigation Laws. (25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (26) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (b) An applicant for license as master of either coastwise steam or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes of 300 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (2) Distance off a fixed object. (3) International Rules of the Road. (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Stowage. (7) Signaling by semaphore. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) United States Navigation Laws. (10) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (11) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.34 Masters of sail vessels. An applicant for license as master of sail vessels of over 700 gross tons shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience: (a) Five years' service in the deck department of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over; 1 year of such service shall have been as master of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over; or, (6) Two years' service as master of sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over; or, (c) Two years' service as mate of sail vessels of 500 gross tons or over; or, (d) Two years' service as master of auxiliary sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over. 62.35 Examination for license as master of sail vessels, (a) An applicant for license as master of sail vessels shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun. (2) Latitude by pole star. (3) Longitude by chronometer (a. m. or p. m.). (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Mercator's sailing. (6) Deviation of the compass by an amplitude. (7) Deviation of the compass by an azimuth. (8) Chart navigation. (9) International code of signals. (10) Storm signals. (11) International rules for preventing collisions at sea. (12) Use of gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, as practiced by the United States Coast Guard. (G-90) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (13) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.36 Chief mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. Any applicant for license as chief mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second mate of ocean steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (b) One year's service as second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (c) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as second mate of such vessels; or, (d) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on coastwise steam or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over while holding a license as second mate of such vessels; or, (e) Two years' service as master of lake, bay, or sound steam or motor vessels of 1 ,000 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, or together with 1 year of such service on coastwise steam or motor vessels of 2,000 gross tons or over; or, (J) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over, 2 years of such service shall have been as master of such vessels, for license as chief mate of ocean freight or towing vessels of not more than 3,000 gross tons; or, (g) One year's service as master of any class of ocean steam or motor vessels of more than 250 gross tons for license as chief mate of ocean freight or towing vessels of not more than 1,500 gross tons. 62.36a Examination for license as chief mate of ocean steam or motor vessels, (a) An applicant for license as chief mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by Polaris. (2) Latitude by reduction to meridian (sun or star). (3) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (4) Ship's position by lines of position. (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Azimuth by altitude of sun or star. (7) Chart navigation. (8) Time of high water by tables. (9) Speed by engine revolutions. (10 (11 (12 (13 (14 (15 (16 (17 (18 (19 (20 (21 Distance off a fixed object. Change in draft due to change in density of water. Signaling by semaphore. Stowage. International Code of Signals. International Rules of the Road. Lifesaving apparatus. Magnetism, with regard to a ship's compass. Ocean winds and weather. Instruments and accessories used in navigation. Aids to navigation. Seamanship. (G-91) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (22) Temporary repairs to hull and equipment. (23) Ship sanitation. (24) United States Navigation Laws. (25) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (26) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.37 Second mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. Any applicant for license as second mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (6) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels, 2 years of which shall have been as boatswain or quartermaster; or, (c) Any graduate of the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy who has had not less than two training cruises, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels ; or, (d) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1353 ; 34 U. S. C. 1121-1123), and completed two ocean or coastwise cruises before graduation, together with 2 years' service in the deck department of an ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessel of 500 gross tons or over: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of vessels of the class required for the probationary period of 2 years; or , (e) Four years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 200 gross tons or over; 1 year of such service shall have been as second mate of such vessels; or, (/) Three years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels, for license as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or under; or, (g) One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay or sound steam or motor vessels of 500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, while holding a license as such master or first-class pilot ; or, (h) Two years' service as assistant (junior officer of the watch) to the officer in charge of the watch on ocean steam or motor vessels while holding a license as third mate of such vessels. 62.38 Examination for license as second mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. (a) An applicant for license as second mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun or a star. (2) Longitude by sun or star. (3) Deviation of the compass by amplitude. (4) Deviation of the compass by azimuth tables. (5) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (6) Distance off a fixed object. (7) Chart navigation. (G-92) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (8) Mercator's sailings. (9) Determination of area and volume. (10) Storm signals. (11) International Rules of the Road. (12) International Code of Signals. (13) Stowage. (14) Signaling by blinker. (15) Lifesaving apparatus. (16) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (17) Seamanship. (18) Nautical astronomy definitions. (19) Aids to navigation. (20) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (21) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.39 Third mate of ocean steam or motor vessels. Any applicant for license as third mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (6) Any applicant who has had 3 years' training at the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy and who has had not less than two training cruises; or, (c) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, and com- pleted two ocean and coastwise cruises before graduation: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shall be served in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (d) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels. Service on such sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coast- wise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph; or, (e) One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay or sound steam or motor vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels ; or, (/) Three years' service in the deck department of lake, bay, sound, or river steam or motor vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (g) Two years' service as a licensed first-class pilot of steam or motor vessels of 4,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes or other lakes, bays or sounds; or, (h) Three years' service in the deck department of steam or motor vessels of 100 gross tons or over engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, together with 6 months' experience in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels. (i) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as a cadet (Deck) and has during the course of such training served 1 year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise vessel and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special 403901°— 42 7 (G-93) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as Third Mate of ocean vessels. 62.40 Examination for license as third mate of ocean steam or motor vessels, (a) An applicant for license as third mate of either ocean steam vessels or ocean motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of the sun. (2) Longitude by chronometer. (3) Deviation of the compass by tables. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Middle latitude sailing. (6) Distance off by bearings and run. (7) Chart navigation. (8) International Rules of the Road. (9) Stowage. (10) Storm signals. (11) Sea terms. (12) Seamanship. (13) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (14) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (15) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.41 Chief mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. An applicant for license as chief mate of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over; or, (6) Two years' service as officer in charge of a watch on ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over while holding license as second mate of ocean and coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (c) One year's service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound steam or motor vessels of 500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 12 months' service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, while holding license as such master or first-class pilot; or, (d) Two years' service as master or first-class pilot of lake, bay, or sound towing vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise towing vessels of 750 gross tons or under; or, (e) One year's service as a licensed master or two years' service as a licensed mate on ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 250 gross tons or over engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, for license as chief mate of coastwise freight or towing vessels of 1,000 gross tons or under; or, (f) Five years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, 2 years of such service shall have been as master of such vessels, for license as chief mate of freight or towing vessels of 1,000 gross tons or under; or, (g) Two years' service as first-class pilot, or 2 years' combined service as master and first-class pilot of steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, and sounds, for license as chief mate of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles; or, (h) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor (G-94) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN vessels for license as chief mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels of not more than 500 gross tons. 62.41a Examination for license as chief mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. (a) An applicant for license as chief mate of either coastwise steam or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes exceeding 600 miles shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude (sun or star). (2) Longitude by chronometer (sun or star). (3) Deviation of the compass by azimuth. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Distance off a fixed object. (6) Chart navigation. (7) Mercator's sailings. (8) Determination of areas and volume. (9) Storm signals. (10) International Rules of the Road. (11) International Code of Signals. (12) Stowage. (13) Signaling by blinker. (14) Lifesaving apparatus. (15) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (16) Seamanship. (17) Nautical astronomy definitions. (18) Aids to navigation. (19) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (20) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (6) An applicant for license as chief mate of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes of 600 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (2) Distance off a fixed object by bearings and run. (3) International Rules of the Road. (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Stowage. (7) Signaling by blinker. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.42 Second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. An applicant for license as second mate of either coastwise steam or coastwise motor vessels of over 300 gross tons shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third mate of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (6) Five years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels, 2 years of which shall have been as boatswain or quartermaster; or, (c) Three years' service in the deck department of any ocean or coastwise sail vessel of 100 gross tons or over, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or (G-95) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS coastwise steam or motor vessels, for license as second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels of not more than 750 gross tons; or, (d) Any graduate of the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy who has had not less than two training cruises, together with 3 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (e) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911 (36 Stat. 1353; 34 U. S. C. 1121-1123), and completed two ocean or coastwise cruises before gradua- tion together with 2 years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels: Provided, That where the graduate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in time shaU be served in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels ; or, (J) One year's service as a licensed master or first-class pilot of lake, bay or sound steam or motor vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (g) One year's service as a licensed mate on ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels of 150 gross tons or over engaged in the fisheries, for license as second mate of towing vessels; or, (h) Two years' service as assistant (junior officer of the watch) to the officer in charge of the watch on coastwise steam or motor vessels while holding a license as third officer of coastwise steam or motor vessels ; or, (i) Two years' service as first- or second-class pilot of steam or motor vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, and sounds, for license as second mate of coastwise vessels on routes not exceeding 300 miles. 62.43 Examination for license as second mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. (a) An applicant for license as second mate of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes exceeding 600 miles shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of sun. (2) Longitude by chronometer. (3) Deviation of the compass by tables. (4) Ship's position by dead reckoning. (5) Middle latitude sailing. (6) Distance off by bearings and run. (7) Chart navigation. (8) International Rules of the Road. (9) Stowage. (10) Storm signals. (11) Sea terms. (12) Seamanship. (13) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (14) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (15) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. (b) An applicant for license as second mate of either coastwise steam vessels or coast- wise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over on routes of 600 miles or less shall be required to pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the following subjects: (1) Chart navigation. (2) Distance off a fixed object by bearings and run. (3) International Rules of the Road. (G-96) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (4) Storm signals. (5) Aids to navigation on route. (6) Stowage. (7) Signaling by International Code of Signals. (8) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (9) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.44 Third mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. An applicant for license as third mate of either coastwise steam vessels or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evi- dence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (b) Any applicant who has had 3 years' training at the United States Naval Academy or the United States Coast Guard Academy and who has had not less than two training cruises; or, (c) A graduate who has served 2 years in the seamanship class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, and com- pleted two ocean and coastwise cruises before graduation: Provided, That where the grad- uate has completed the two cruises, but not the 2 years' service required, additional service equal to the difference in the time shall be served in the deck department of ocean or coast- wise steam or motor vessels; or, (d) Two years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise sail vessels of 100 gross tons or over, together with 12 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels. Service on such sail vessels engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries shall be accepted as meeting the requirements of this paragraph; or, (e) One year's service as master or pilot of lake, bay, sound, or river steam or motor vessels of 150 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (/) Twenty-four months' service as a licensed first-class pilot of steam or motor vessels of 2,500 gross tons or over, except ferry vessels, on the Great Lakes and other lakes, bays, or sounds; or, (g) Three years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam, motor or sail vessels of less than 100 gross tons, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels ; or, (h) Two years' service in the deck department of lake, bay, or sound steam or motor vessels, together with 2 years' service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels; or, (i) Two years' service in the deck department of steam or motor vessels of 100 gross tons or over engaged in the ocean or coastwise fisheries, together with 1 year's service in the deck department of ocean or coastwise steam or motor vessels. (j) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as a cadet (Deck) and has during the course of such training served one year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise vessel and one year and two months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as Third Mate of coastwise vessels. (G-97) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 62.45 Examination for license as third mate of coastwise steam or motor vessels. (a) An applicant for license as third mate of either coastwise steam or coastwise motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over shall pass a satisfactory examination as to his knowledge of the subjects listed below. (b) List of subjects: (1) Latitude by meridian altitude of sun. (2) Chart navigation. (3) Determination of distance off a fixed object. (4) International Rules of the Road. (5) Storm signals. (6) Signaling by blinker. (7) Instruments and accessories used in navigation. (8) Sea terms. (9) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors. (10) Such further examination of a nonmathematical character as the local inspectors may require. 62.46 Indorsement of master's or mate's license as pilot. Whenever a master or mate desires to act in the double capacity of master and pilot, or mate and pilot, and fur- nishes the necessary evidence of his qualifications, the local inspectors shall indorse such pilot routes on the certificate of license. 62.47 License as master of steam and motor yachts. Whenever any person who has reached the age of 21 years, and who has had 3 years' experience in sailing steam, motor or sailing yachts of over 100 gross tons, applies for a license authorizing him to act as master of either steam yachts or motor yachts of 300 gross tons or over for coastwise and ocean navigation, the local inspectors shall examine the applicant as to his knowledge of the rules of the road, fog signals, signal lights (inland and international) ; the use of the lead and line; the use of the patent and chip logs, the compass, variation and deviation of the compass, the use of the drag, the use of oil during storms, bell signals between pilot house and engine room, handling of steam vessels, laws of storms, course and distance by chart, keeping the log book, middle latitude sailing, Mercator's sailing, method of obtaining latitude and longitude by dead reckoning, latitude by altitude of either the sun, moon, or stars; longi- tude by chronometer (time sights). Practical problems shall be given in the subjects of latitude and longitude. The examination shall be in writing, which shall be kept on file in the office of the local inspectors. If said examination is satisfactory to the local inspectors, they shall issue to the applicant a master's license authorizing him to discharge the duties of master of either steam yachts or motor yachts of 300 gross tons or over, either for coastwise or ocean navigation. 62.48 Master, mate, and pilot of steam or motor pilot boats, Puerto Rican, and Hawaiian vessels, and steam fishing vessels. Any applicant for original license to act as master of steam pilot boats or seagoing motor pilot boats of 300 gross tons or over, or of steamers navigating the waters of the whaling grounds in the Alaskan seas, or of steamers engaged exclusively in the business of whale fishing, or of steamers engaged in the Atlantic, Pacific, or Gulf coast fisheries, or of steam or sail vessels navigating between ports of the Hawaiian Islands, or of steam vessels or seagoing motor vessels of 300 gross tons or over navigating between ports of the island of Puerto Rico, shall have had at least 3 years' experience in the deck department of such vessels, and except as hereinafter provided, for an original license as mate the applicant shall have had 2 years' experience in the deck department of such ves- sels, which fact shall be verified by documentary evidence; and such applicant shall only be subjected to such examination as shall satisfy the inspectors that the applicant is capable of navigating such vessels. It is provided, That any person who has had at least 5 years' (G-98) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN experience on sail vessels licensed in the fisheries of the United States, 2 years of which have been as master or mate of such sailing vessels, may be examined for license as master or mate of steam fishing vessels to be employed exclusively in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coast fisheries. The license issued under this section shall state in the body thereof "for coastwise only," Pacific or Atlantic coast, as the case may be, and between what ports on either of said coasts. It is further provided, That any applicant for original license who has had 3 years' experi- ence in the deck department on steam or motor pilot boats, or who has had 2 years' experience in the deck department on steam or motor pilot boats and 1 year's experience on sail pilot boats, shall be eligible for examination for license as mate of steam pilot boats or motor pilot boats of 300 gross tons or over. It is further provided, That said master's or mate's license may be indorsed as pilot on such inland waters on the above-named coasts as the local inspectors at the various ports may find the holder qualified to act on as pilot, after examination by the local inspectors, such examination to be in writing and preserved in the files of the inspector's office. Provided, That licenses required for masters and engineers operating seagoing vessels propelled by internal combustion engines navigating exclusively in the district covering the Hawaiian Islands, shall be granted by the local inspectors of that district upon consideration of applications duly executed and certified to by reputable citizens qualified to judge the character, trustworthiness, and ability of the applicant. The local inspectors shall make- diligent inquiry as to the applicant's character and merits, and if satisfied, from oral examina- tion, or practical demonstration of the applicant, and with the proof that he offers that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill they shall grant him a license. Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who does not present a certificate from the United States Public Health Service based upon the subject of ship sanitation and first aid, provided he is qualified in all other respects. 62.49 Qualifications required for license as engineer of steam vessels and license forms required. No person shall receive an original license as engineer or assistant engineer of steam vessels (except for license as engineer of sawmill boats and pile drivers propelled by steam, and except for special license as engineer of a steam vessel of any kind of 10 gross tons or under on which a licensed engineer is required) who has not served at least 36 months in the engineers' department of a steam vessel, except as hereinafter provided. No person shall receive license as above, except for special license, who is not able to determine the weight necessary to be placed on the lever of a safety valve (the diameter of valve, length of lever, distance from center of valve to fulcrum, weight of lever, and weight of valve and stem being known) to withstand any given pressure of steam in a boiler, or who is not able to figure and determine the strain brought on the braces of a boiler with a given pressure of steam, the position and distance apart of braces being known, such knowledge to be determined by an examination in writing, and the report of examination filed with the application in the office of the local inspectors, and no engineer or assistant engineer now holding a license shall have the grade of the same raised without possessing the above qualifi- cations. No original license shall be granted any engineer or assistant engineer who cannot read and write and does not understand the plain rules of arithmetic. No person holding a special engineer's license shall be eligible for examination for a higher grade of license until such person has actually served 2 years under the authority of his license and one additional year in a subordinate capacity upon steamers requiring regularly licensed officers. All licenses to engineers of steam vessels of 10 gross tons and under shall be issued on Form 876, special license to engineers of steam vessels of 10 gross tons and under, and all other licenses to engineers of steam vessels shall be issued on Forms 876 (chief engineer's (G-99) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS license) and 877 (assistant engineer's license), according to grades of chief and assistant engineers specified. Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel upon which he may act. 62.50 Chief engineer of ocean steam vessels. An applicant for license as chief engi- neer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished the following documentary evidence to the local inspectors and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as first assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (6) Two years' service as second assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as first assistant engineer of such vessels ; or, (c) Two years' service as junior first assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as first assistant engineer of such vessels ; or, (d) One year's service as assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels of not more than 750 gross tons; or, (e) Three years' service as chief engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as chief engineer of appropriate tonnage. (/) Eighteen months' service as chief engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service as oiler or watertender, or combined service of both, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as chief engineer of appropriate tonnage. 62.51 First assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (b) Three years' service as first assistant engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, or sound steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as first assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (c) Eighteen months' service as first assistant engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry vessels, together with 6 months' service as oiler or watertender, or combined service of both, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels for a license as first assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (d) Two years' service as third assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels while holding license as second assistant engineer of such vessels ; or, (e) Three years' service as oiler, watertender or fireman in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels, at least 1 year of such service shall have been as oiler or watertender, for license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels of not more than 750 gross tons; or, (/) Two years' service as junior second assistant engineer while holding license as second assistant engineer of such vessels. 62.52 Second assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third assistant engineer of ocean or coastwise steam vessels ; or, (b) Three years' service as second assistant engineer of Great Lakes and all other lake, bay, sound, or river steam vessels, except ferry vessels, for license as second assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (c) Eighteen months' service as second assistant engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, except ferry (G-100) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN vessels, together with 6 months' service as oiler or water tender, or combined service of both, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels for license as second assistant engineer of appropriate tonnage; or, (d) Five years' actual service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel, 4 years of which shall have been as oiler or watertender; or, (e) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in con- struction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, and 1 year's service as a journeyman machinist engaged in the construction or repair of marine steam engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (/) Two years' service as junior third assistant engineer while holding license as third assistant engineer; or, {g) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel. 62.53 Third assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of ocean steam vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Four years' service as fireman on ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (6) Three years' service as oiler, water tender, or engine-room electrician, or combined service of 3 years in these positions, on ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (c) Three years' service as licensed engineer of steam vessels, on Great Lakes, bays, sounds and rivers, for license of appropriate tonnage; or, (d) One year's service as licensed engineer of steam vessels on Great Lakes, bays, sounds, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, and rivers, together with six months' service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels for a license of appropriate tonnage; or, (e) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under the authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such engi- neering class to be based upon a period of 2 years; or, (J) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction or repair of marine, stationary, or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of ocean or coastwise steam vessels; or, (g) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology together with 3 months' service in the engine department of an ocean or coastwise steam vessel; or, (h) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as cadet (Engineer) and has during the course of such training served one year and 10 months in an ocean or coastwise steam vessel and one year and two months at a U. S. Maritime Com- mission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Commission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as Third Assistant Engineer of ocean and coastwise steam vessels. 62.53a Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, steam vessels. An applicant for raise of grade of license to second assistant engineer, or first assistant engineer, or chief engineer, ocean and coastwise steam vessels, may substitute service as engine-room watch electrician on electric-drive ocean and coastwise steam vessels, such service to count one-half, and in no case to exceed 6 months of the required experience. If the experience of an applicant does not warrant an unlimited license, local inspectors shall place an appro- priate tonnage upon the license. (G-101) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 62.54 Engineers of motor vessels. The term "motor vessel" used in this and the fol- lowing sections shall include any vessel of above 15 gross tons, propelled by gas, fluid, naph- tha, or electric motors. No person shall receive an original license as engineer of motor vessels who has not served at least 36 months in the engine department of a motor vessel, except as hereinafter provided. Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any chief or assistant engineer th e tonnage of the vessel upon which he may act. Provided, That licenses required for masters and engineers operating seagoing vessels propelled by internal combustion engines navigating exclusively in the district covering the Hawaiian Islands, shall be granted by the local inspectors of that district upon consideration of applications duly executed and certified to by reputable citizens qualified to judge the character, trustworthiness, and ability of the applicant. The local inspectors shall make diligent inquiry as to the applicant's character and merits, and if satisfied, from oral exami- nation, or practical demonstration of the applicant, and with the proof that he offers that he possesses the requisite knowledge and skill they shall grant him a license. Nothing herein contained shall debar an applicant who does not present a certificate from the United States Public Health Service based upon the subject of ship sanitation and first aid, provided he is qualified in all other respects. 62.55 License as chief engineer of motor vessels. An applicant for license as chief engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as first assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (6) Two years' service as second assistant engineer of motor vessels, or 2 years' com- bined service as first and second assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (c) One year's service as assistant engineer on motor vessels for license as chief engineer of motor vessels of 750 gross tons and under; or, (d) Any person holding a license as chief engineer of steam vessels who has served at least 3 months as licensed first assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (e) Any person holding license as chief engineer of steam vessels who has served 6 months as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of marine motor engines together with 3 months' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (J) Any person who has served at least 2 years in the engine department of motor ves- sels, or has had at least 1 year's experience in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels, shall be eligible for examination for license as chief engineer of motor vessels of not more than 300 gross tons; or, (g) Any person holding a license as chief engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service training school in marine Diesel engineering. 62.56 License as first assistant engineer of motor vessels. An applicant for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as second assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (6) Two years' service as third assistant engineer of motor vessels, or 2 years' combined service as second and third assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (G-102) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (c) Three years' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels, for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of 750 gross tons and under; or, (d) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served at least 3 months as licensed second assistant engineer of motor vessels; or, (e) Any person who has served at least 2 years in the engine department of motor vessels, or has had at least 1 year's experience in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels, shall be eligible for examination for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of not more than 450 gross tons; or, (J) Three years' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels of over 750 gross tons for license as first assistant engineer of motor vessels of 1 ,200 gross tons and under ; or, (g) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service training school in marine Diesel engineering; or, (h) Any person holding a license as first assistant engineer of steam vessels who has served 6 months as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels ; or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of marine motor engines, together with 3 months' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels. 62.57 License as second assistant engineer of motor vessels. An applicant for license as second assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he lias furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) One year's service as third assistant engineer of motor vessels ; or, (6) Four years' service as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (c) A journeyman machinist who has served an apprenticeship for 3 years and engaged in the construction or repair of marine motor engines for at least 2 years of that time, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels as oiler; or, (d) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served at least 3 months as licensed third assistant engineer of motor vessels ; or, {e) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, after having served as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels for not less than 6 months or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction or installation of engines for motor vessels, together with 3 months' service in the engine department of motor vessels ; or, if) A graduate in mechanical, marine, or electrical engineering from a duly recognized school of technology, together with 6 months' service as oiler on motor vessels; or, (g) Any person holding a license as second assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under a license, and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service training school in marine Diesel engineering. 62.58 License as third assistant engineer of motor vessels. An applicant for license as third assistant engineer of motor vessels shall be eligible for examination after he has furnished satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that he has had the following experience and is qualified in all other respects: (a) Three years' service in the engine department of motor vessels; or, (6) A graduate from an engineering class of a State nautical school ship, established under authority of an Act of Congress approved March 4, 1911, the term of such engineer- ing class to be based upon a period of 2 years, after he has served at least 6 months as oiler on motor vessels, or has been employed at least 6 months in the construction and installa- tion of engines for motor vessels; or, (G-103) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (c) Three years' service as an apprentice to the machinist trade and engaged in the construction or repair of marine, stationary or locomotive engines, together with 1 year's service in the engine department of motor vessels as oiler; or, (d) Two years' service as a locomotive or stationary engineer, together with 2 years' service as oiler on motor vessels; or, (e) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of steam vessels, after hav- ing served as oiler in the engine department of motor vessels for not less than 3 months or has been employed for not less than 3 months in the construction and installation of engines for motor vessels; or, if) Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer of steam vessels, who has served 1 year under his license and who has graduated from the Maritime Commission's Maritime Service training school in marine Diesel engineering; or, (g) Any person who has completed the U. S. Maritime Commission's course of training as cadet (Engineer) and has during the course of such training served 6 months in a Diesel vessel, out of at least 1 year and 10 months of sea service, and 1 year and 2 months at a U. S. Maritime Commission Cadet School or locations used by the U. S. Maritime Com- mission for supplementary special training will be permitted to sit for examination for a license as Third Assistant Engineer of ocean and coastwise motor vessels. 62.58a Experience as electrician accepted for raise of grade, motor vessels. An ap- plicant for raise of grade of license to second assistant engineer, or first assistant engineer, or chief engineer, ocean and coastwise motor vessels, may substitute service as engine-room watch electrician on electric-drive ocean and coastwise motor vessels, such service to count one-half, and in no case to exceed 6 months of the required experience. If the experience of an applicant does not warrant an unlimited license, local inspectors shall place an appropriate tonnage upon the license. 62.59 Examination of boilers and machinery by engineer. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of the boilers and machinery of a vessel to examine the same forthwith and thoroughly, and if he finds any part thereof in bad condition, he shall immediately report the facts to the master, owner, or agent, and to the local inspectors of the district, who shall thereupon investigate the matter, and if the former engineer has been wilfully negligent in the performance of his duties, he may be proceeded against under the provisions of R. S. 4450, as amended, looking to a suspension or revocation of his license. 62.60 Reports of accidents, repairs, and unsafe boilers and machinery by engi- neers. Before making repairs to a boiler of a steam vessel the engineer in charge of such steamer shall report, in writing, the nature of such repairs to the local inspectors of the district wherein such repairs are to be made. And it shall be the duty of all engineers when an accident occurs to the boilers or ma- chinery in their charge tending to render the further use of such boilers or machinery unsafe until repairs are made, or when, by reason of ordinary wear, such boilers or machinery have become unsafe, to report the same to the local inspectors immediately upon the arrival of the vessel at the first port reached subsequent to the accident, or after the discovery of such imsafe condition by said engineer: Provided, That, during the period when a state of war exists between the United States and any foreign nation, communications in regard to accidents shall be handled with caution, and the above-mentioned reports shall not be made by radio or telegram. 62.61 Fusible plug report, (a) It shall be the duty of the chief engineer of any steam vessel under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to report promptly to the local inspectors who made the last annual inspection of such steam vessel every renewal of every fusible plug inserted in a boiler or boilers of the steam vessel upon (G-104) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN which he is in charge as chief engineer. Such report shall be made upon the form provided for such purpose (or by letter in writing) setting forth: (1) Name of steamer and gross tonnage thereof. (2) Date fusible plug or plugs were inserted in boiler or boilers. (3) Number of boilers in steamer. (4) Description of boiler or boilers in the steamer (manufacturer's number on boiler, by location or otherwise, so that boiler may be identified; and, if a fusible plug is inserted in the crown sheet of a separate combustion chamber, the location of combustion chamber should be stated) . (5) Name of the manufacturer of the fusible plugs. (6) Manufacturer's mark on casing of fusible plugs. (7) Heat number on both ends of filling of fusible plugs. (8) Diameter of filling at smaller end of fusible plugs. (9) Steam pressure allowed to boiler by last certificate of inspection. (10) Number of such fusible plugs inserted. (11) Length of time that removed plugs have been in service. (12) If the length of time that a fusible plug has been installed in a boiler exceeds 6 months, state the length of time that the steamer has been out of service and boiler not in use since the removed plug was placed in boiler, and under " Remarks" such other information as may be of interest and value to the inspectors of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (6) Neglect of the chief engineer of a steamer to give this matter prompt attention may result in the suspension or revocation of his license. 62.62 Qualifications and examination of certificated lifeboatmen. (See § 138.4 of Subchapter K — Seamen.) 62.63 Examination of able seamen. (See § 138.3 of Subchapter K — Seamen.) UNINSPECTED VESSELS General 62.100 Applicability of laws. All the provisions of Title LII of the U. S. Revised Statutes, as amended, and all other laws referring to the issuance, duration, renewal, sus- pension or revocation of licenses of masters, mates, chief engineers and assistant engineers, and the provisions of the following regulations in this part shall be applicable to all unin- spected vessels to which the Officers' Competency Certificates Convention, 1936, and the Act approved July 17, 1939 (53 Stat. 1049; 46 U. S. C, Sup., 224a) making effective the pro- visions of the Convention apply. 62.101 Application. The following licensing requirements shall apply to masters, chief engineers and watch officers, deck and engineer, on all uninspected vessels, however propelled, navigating the high seas, which are registered, enrolled and licensed, or licensed under the laws of the United States whether permanently, temporarily, or provisionally, including yachts, enrolled and licensed, with the exception of: (a) Ships of war ; (b) Government vessels, or vessels in the service of a public authority, which are not engaged in trade; (c) Wooden ships of primitive build, such as dhows and junks; (d) Unrigged vessels; (e) All vessels of less than 200 gross tons. (G-105) OCEAN AND COASTWISE- GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 62.102 Effective date, (a) On and after October 29, 1939, masters, mates and en- gineers who do not possess appropriate licenses will not be allowed to act as masters, mates or engineers of vessels to which the rules in §§ 62.100-62.131 apply. (b) At any time prior to October 29, 1941, a candidate who can show the experience, whether acquired under a license or not, that is prescribed for the license for which he applies, and who has no record of any serious technical error against him, may be issued a license without any professional examination. A notation shall be made upon his license stub and license record card to the effect that he was issued a license without professional examination. Such an applicant for license as master or mate shall be required to pass an examination as to acuity of vision and color sense. Where an inspector finds that such applicant for a license (original or raise of grade) obviously appears to be physically or mentally incompetent to perform the ordinary duties of such an officer at sea, he shall be required to undergo an ex- amination by a surgeon of the United States Public Health Service to determine his compe- tency in such respects. When application for a license as master or chief engineer is sub- mitted prior to October 29, 1941, service as mate or assistant engineer, respectively, need not have been acquired under authority of license. 62.103 Licenses issued, (a) Licenses to officers on uninspected vessels will be issued as follows: (1) License as master, motor or sail; (2) License as mate, motor or sail; (3) License as chief engineer, motor; (4) License as assistant engineer, motor. The licenses will be given appropriate route (ocean or coastwise) and tonnage limitations, commensurate with the experience of the applicants. They will be issued on the usual license forms Nos. 867, 869, 871, 873, and 880, and shall be limited on their face to uninspected vessels. (6) A license to act as master, mate, or engineer of inspected vessels will in all cases entitle the holder to act in this same capacity on uninspected vessels of like tonnage and propulsion on similar waters. Licensed Masters, Mates and Engineers 62.110 Original licenses. The first license in any class 1 issued to any United States citizen by the United States local inspectors shall be considered an original license, where the Bureau records show no previous issue to such applicant. No license shall be issued to any person who is not a United States citizen. An applicant claiming to be a citizen of the United States shall furnish documentary evidence of his citizenship. Before an original license in any class is granted to any citizen to act as master, mate, or engineer, he shall appear before a board of local inspectors for examination. A list of the field offices of the Bureau where examinations are held will be found in § 62.120. Any citizen who has attained the age of 21 years and is qualified in all other respects shall be eligible for examination: Provided, That license as mate or assistant engineer may be granted to applicants who have reached the age of 19 years and are qualified in all other respects, but no such license may be raised in grade before the holder thereof shall have reached the age of 21 years. 62.111 Professional examination and service required, etc., for original license or raise of grade, (a) Before an applicant for original license as master, mate, or engineer, or raise of grade of any license may be examined, the applicant shall make application upon the form furnished by the Bureau. When practicable, an applicant shall present dis- charges and testimonial letters to the inspectors, to be filed with the application, from the 1 Deck officer of either motor or sail vessels; or engineer of motor vessels. (G-106) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN masters or chief engineers under whom he has served, or from the owners in the case of applicants who have already served as master or chief engineer, certifying to the name of the vessel, and the. amount and character of his experience, and to his ability, character, and habits of life. (6) No original license or raise of grade shall be issued to any applicant unless at least 1 year of his qualifying service shall have been obtained within the 3 years next preceding his application for examination. (c) If the amount and character of his experience is satisfactory, and he is eligible in all other respects, the applicant shall be examined as to his knowledge by a board of local inspectors, except as provided in § 62.102 (b). (d) Applicants will be informed as soon as possible whether their applications have been accepted or not, and when the application of any person for a license has been approved, it shall be the duty of the inspectors to give the applicant the required examination as soon as practicable. (e) Licensed officers entitled to raise of grade, after passing examination, shall have issued to them new licenses for the grade for which they are qualified, the local inspectors to file in their office the old license, with the report of the circumstances of the case, but the grade of a license shall not be raised except as hereinafter provided, unless the applicant can show 1 year's actual experience in the capacity for which he has been licensed. 62.112 Medical examination for licenses. The existing requirements for licensed officers on inspected vessels shall be standard for medical examinations for licenses on uninspected vessels, except as stated in § 62.102 (b): Provided, That a certificate from the Public Health Service based on ship sanitation and first aid will not be required of applicants for license to act on fishing vessels. 62.113 Reexaminations and refusal of licenses, (a) Any applicant for license or endorsement who has been duly examined and refused may come before the same local board for reexamination at any time thereafter that may be fixed by such board, but such time shall never be less than 1 month from the date of his last failure. In the case of another failure, he will not be reexamined until after a lapse of at least 6 months from date of last failure. A candidate who has been duly examined and refused a license by a local board shall not be examined by any other local board until 1 year has elapsed from the date of the refusal without the sanction of the board that refused the applicant. (b) If the inspectors refuse to grant the applicant the license asked for, they shall furnish him a statement setting forth the cause of their refusal to grant the same. 62.114 Preparation of licenses, (a) All licenses issued to masters, mates, or engineers shall be filled out on the face with pen and black ink. Inspectors are directed, when licenses are completed, to draw a broad pen and black-ink mark through all unused spaces in the body thereof, so as to prevent, as far as possible, illegal alteration after issue. (b) Licenses signed by one local inspector only shall not be valid, nor shall the name of any other person be substituted for that of a local inspector or acting local inspector. (c) Every person receiving a license or certificate of lost license shall sign the same and leave a print of his left thumb upon the back thereof, immediately upon its receipt. (d) Every master, mate, or engineer, who receives a license, shall make oath before one of the local inspectors, to be recorded upon their official file, that he will faithfully and honestly, according to his best skill and judgment, without concealment or reservation, perform all the duties required of him by law and obey all lawful orders of his superior officers. 62.115 Laws, general rules and regulations, and pilot rules to be furnished licensed officers, (a) Every master, mate, or engineer shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the inspectors with a copy of (G-107) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS the Laws Governing Marine Inspection, and a copy of the General Rules and Regulations prescribed by the Board of Supervising Inspectors. 62.115a Notice to mariners; aids to navigation, (a) Licensed officers are required to acquaint themselves with the latest information published by the U. S. Coast Guard and the United States Navy regarding aids to navigation, and neglect to do so is evidence of neglect of duty. It is desirable that vessels navigating oceans and coastwise and Great Lakes waters shall have available in the pilot house for convenient reference at all times a file of the applicable Notice to Mariners. All vessels shall have charts of the waters on which they operate available for convenient reference at all times. (b) Notice to Mariners published weekly by the U. S. Coast Guard which contains announcements and information regarding aids to navigation and charts of waters of the United States is available for free distribution at the following places: Field offices of the United States Coast Guard; United States Coast and Geodetic Survey field stations; and the Marine Division, Customhouse. Notice to Mariners published weekly by the United States Navy for the correction of charts, sailing directions, light lists and other publications, and which includes foreign waters and certain waters of the United States, is available for free distribution at the Hydrographic Office, Branch Hydrographic Offices, or any of the agencies of seaboard ports, and is also on file in the United States consulates where they may be inspected. 62.116 Renewal of license, and examination for renewal where deemed necessary. (a) When an officer makes application for a renewal of his license, he shall appear in person before a board of local inspectors, and the presentation of his old license, his certificate of citizenship if naturalized, with satisfactory certificate of color sense where required, and with oath of office, shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renewal; unless such title has been forfeited or facts shall have come to the knowledge of the inspectors which would render a renewal improper, or the applicant obviously appears to the inspectors to be physi- cally or mentally incompetent to perform the ordinary duties of such an officer at sea, in which case he shall be required to undergo an examination by a surgeon at the United States Public Health Service to determine his competency in such respects. (6) When an applicant for renewal is situated at such distance from any local board or supervising inspector as to put him to great inconvenience and expense to appear in person, he may, upon taking oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths, and forwarding the same, together with the license to be renewed and a certificate of color sense where required, to the local board or supervising inspector of the district in which he resides or is employed, have the same renewed by the said inspectors. (c) When an applicant for a renewal is engaged in a service which necessitates his con- tinuous absence from the United States, he may make application in writing for renewal and transmit the same to the board of local inspectors, with a statement of the applicant verified before a consul or other officer of the United States authorized to administer an oath, setting forth the reasons for not appearing in person, and a certificate of color sense where required, and upon receiving the same, the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall renew the same. (d) No license shall be renewed more than 30 days in advance of the date of the expira- tion thereof, unless there are extraordinary circumstances that shall justify a renewal before- hand, in which case the reasons therefor must appear in detad upon the records of the inspectors renewing the license; nor shall any license be renewed unless it is presented within 1 year after the date of its expiration. (e) Whenever an officer shall apply for renewal of his license, more than 1 year after the date of its expiration, he shall be required to pass an examination for the same grade (G-108) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN of license. Should he be successful and receive a license it shall be considered in the light of an original license except as to number of issue. (J) The inspectors shall, before renewing an existing license to a master, for any waters, who has not been employed as master on such waters during the 3 years preceding the applica- tion for renewal, satisfy themselves by an examination in writing, or orally to be taken down in writing by the inspectors, that such officers are thoroughly familiar with the rules for the prevention of collision upon the waters for which they are licensed. (g) In all cases, the renewed license shall receive the next higher number of issue to present grade and of issues of all grades. 62.117 Lifting of tonnage restriction, (a) If any board of local inspectors is satisfied by the documentary evidence submitted that an applicant is entitled by experience and knowledge to a higher tonnage, it may change any tonnage restrictions which it may have previously placed upon his license, if the applicant has passed the examination for such license. (6) No board of local inspectors may change on any license any tonnage limitation which such board did not place thereon, before full information regarding the reason for the limitation is obtained from the board responsible for same and the applicant has made up any deficiency in the experience required for the increased tonnage desired, and has passed any necessary examination. No limitation on any license may in any case be changed before the applicant has made up any deficiency in the experience prescribed for the license desired, and passed any necessary examination. 62.118 Lost license, (a) In case of loss of license of any class from any cause, except as stated in § 62.119, any board of local inspectors, upon receiving satisfactory evidence of such loss and a record of the lost license from the board that issued same, shall issue a certificate to the owner thereof which shall have the authority of the lost license for the un- expired term, unless in the meantime the holder thereof shall have the grade of his license raised after due examination, in which case a license in due form for such grade may be issued. In all cases the certificate of lost license shall state what board issued the lost license. (6) Whenever a license is reported to a board of local inspectors by a licensed officer as having been lost by him or stolen from him, or whenever a license is stolen from an office of local inspectors, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact to the Director and give a full description of the license and all facts incident to the loss or theft of same. By the same procedure they shall report the recovery of any licenses reported lost, giving the facts incident to their recovery. 62.119 Suspension and revocation of licenses, (a) These licenses as master, mate, or engineer shall be subject to suspension or revocation on the same ground and in the same manner and with like procedure as is provided in the case of suspension or revocation of licenses under the provisions of section 4450 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (sec. 4, 49 Stat. 1382; 50 Stat. 544; 46 U. S. C, Sup., 239). When the license of any master, mate, or engineer is revoked, such license expires with such revocation, and any license subse- quently granted to such person shall be considered in the light of an original license except as to number of issue. Upon the revocation or suspension of the license of any such officer, said license shall be surrendered to the local inspectors or supervising inspector. No per- son whose license has been suspended or revoked shall be issued another license except upon approval of the Director. (6) When the license of any master, mate, or engineer is suspended, the Director shall determine the term of its duration, except that such suspension shall not extend beyond the time for which the license was issued. When the Director suspends a license which is about to expire, he may withhold the renewal of such license for such time as he considers necessary. 403901°— 42 8 (G-109) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 62.120 Field offices of the Bureau where examinations are held: Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. New London, Conn. Jacksonville, Fla. Portland, Maine. Miami, Fla. Providence, R. I. Tampa, Fla. New York, N. Y. Mobile, Ala. Albany, N. Y. Port Arthur, Tex. New Haven, Conn. Galveston, Tex. San Juan, P. R. San Francisco, Calif. Norfolk, Va. Seattle, Wash. Philadelphia, Pa. Juneau, Alaska. Baltimore, Md. Portland, Oreg. Charleston, S. C. San Pedro, Calif. Savannah, Ga. Honolulu, Hawaii. Qualifications of Candidates 62.130 Experience, (a) For license as mate or assistant engineer, a candidate must have served 3 years at sea, on deck or in the engine room, respectively. (b) For license as master or chief engineer, a candidate must have served 4 years at sea, on deck or in the engine room, respectively, of which 1 year must have been as licensed mate or assistant engineer, respectively, except as provided in § 62.102 (b). (c) For a license as assistant or chief engineer of motor vessels, two-thirds of the required service must have been served on motor vessels. 62.131 Examinations — (a) General. The examinations given by the local inspec- tors will be practical, not theoretical. They will be written, where possible, and if an oral examination is necessary, it shall be taken down in writing. The examination for licenses for fishing vessels shall be oral only. The syllabuses for the examinations are given in paragraphs (b)-(e). (b) Mate. (1) Navigation. Candidates will be required to understand and give satis- factory explanations of: (i) Variation, deviation of the compass, and simple methods of finding the deviation by the bearing of two objects when in line, and by bearings of the sun. (ii) Use of a chart and the meaning of the various signs and abbreviations thereon; method of finding and laying off compass courses and distances on a chart, and making due allowance for set and drift; fixing of ship's position by cross bearings of two objects; or by two bearings of the same object. (iii) The traverse tables and a day's work in its simplest form. (iv) The finding of latitude by meridian altitude of the sun. (v) The finding of longitude by chronometer or deck watch by an altitude of the sun. 2 (vi) The use and adjustments of the sextant. (vii) The use and reading of the aneroid barometer. (2) Rudimentary seamanship including: (i) The use and construction of a sea anchor. (ii) The marking and use of the lead line. (iii) Man reported overboard. (iv) Handling of a vessel's boat in heavy weather. (v) Elementary first aid. 1 These subjects will not be given to a candidate whose experience in the judgment of the local inspectors, limits him to a coastwise license. (G-110) LICENSED OFFICERS AND CERTIFICATED MEN (3) The Kules for the Prevention of Collision including both the International Rules and the Pilot Rules for Inland Waters. Particular attention will be given to the Articles of Collision, although inability to repeat them verbatim will not entail failure, provided that the candidate understands their full significance, content, and practical application. Models will be used to test the candidate's judgment and ability to act correctly and promptly. (4) Distress signals and use of gun and rocket apparatus. (5) Buoyage system, seamarks, lights, etc. (6) Precautions to be taken against fire, explosions from oil or gas, and spontaneous combustion. Methods of dealing with fire and use of fire extinguishers, handling of vessels after fire is discovered. (7) Candidates for a sailing ship license will also be asked questions on the taking in and setting of fore and aft sail, and applicable questions relating to the handling of a sail vessel. (c) Master. In addition to the subjects given in the syllabus for the examination for mate, a candidate will be required to understand and give satisfactory explanations of: (1) Navigation, (i) Finding of latitude by altitude of Pole Star. 3 (ii) Elementary questions on compass deviation. (2) Rudimentary seamanship including, (i) Meteorology, use and reading of weather bulletins. (ii) Getting under way. (hi) Tending vessel at anchor; mooring and unmooring. (iv) Keeping a ship's head to sea in heavy weather with engines broken down. (v) How to rig a jury rudder. (vi) Action to be taken in the event of springing a leak. (vii) Cast of lead in heavy weather. (d) Assistant engineer, motor. A candidate for license as assistant engineer, motor, will be required to understand and give satisfactory explanations of: (1) The various codes of signals used between the bridge and engine room for working the engine. (2) The fundamentals of oil, gas, or other internal combustion engines, and also the auxiliary machinery in use on board ship, and to show a practical knowledge of upkeep of, operation of, and repairs to same, and a good working knowledge of his profession. (3) The use of the various gages, meters, and instruments. (4) Treatment of a hot bearing and avoidance of same. (5) The use of fire extinguishing apparatus; precautions to be taken against fire or explosions from oil or gas, precautions to be taken against the formation of explosive gases in oil tanks, bilges or other unventilated spaces, causes of spontaneous combustion; safe carriage of fuels, and storage of lubricating oils; and methods of dealing with fire. (6) Properties of the various oils, etc., generally used in internal combustion engines. (e) Chief engineer, motor. An advanced and more complete knowledge of the subjects and problems required for the examination for an assistant engineer. Note. — Sections 62.200 and subsequent sections dealing with registration of staff officers will be found in the Appendix beginning on p. 131. 8 These subjects will not be given to a candidate whose experience in the judgment of the local inspectors, limits him to a coastwise license. (G-lll) PART 63— INSPECTION OF VESSELS Sec. Sec. 63. 1 Application for inspection of vessels; exemption of vessels 63. 9 Electrical installations. while laid up or dismantled. 63.10 Emergency lighting system. 63. la Inspection of motor vessels of over 300 gross tons. 63. 11 Specifications covering types of voice tubes and telephones. 63.2 Vessels owned or employed by the United States. 63.12 Whistles. 63. 3 Authority of inspectors. 63. 13 Fog bells. 63.4 Inspection of hulls. 63.14 Standard in inspection of hulls, boilers and machinery. 63. 5 Notice to inspectors of vessel on dock; alterations. 63. 14a Special surveys of unclassed passenger vessels. 63.6 Certificates of inspection. 63.15 Copies of specifications and/or blueprints. 63.6a Exhibition of certificate of inspection. 63.16 Use of approved equipment. 63. 7 Proceeding to another port for repairs. 63. 17 Repairs to fire-fighting and lifesaving apparatus. 63.8 Furnishing of drawings of new vessels to inspectors; marking 63.18 Crew accommodations, of draft on vessel. Section 63.1 Application for inspection of vessels; exemption of vessels while laid up or dismantled. The annual inspection of any vessel subject to the provisions of Title 52, Revised Statutes of the United States, shall be made only on written application, presented to the United States local inspectors by the owner, master, or authorized agent of the vessel to be inspected. Such application shall state upon its face that previous application for inspection has not been made to any other board of local inspectors or supervising inspector. Vessels while laid up and dismantled and out of commission are exempted from any or all inspections required under Sections 4417, 4418, 4426, and 4427 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U. S. C. 391, 392, 404, 405). All vessels or other floating equipment used by or in connection with any "civilian nautical school" as defined by section one of the Act of Congress approved June 12, 1940 (54 Stat. 346; 46 U. S. C. 1331) shall, whether being navigated or not, be subject to all the laws covering the inspection of passenger vessels in effect on or before June 12, 1940, and the regulations thereunder, including the inspection of hulls, the installation and in- spection of machinery and boilers, lifesaving and fire-fighting equipment, construction, and the licensing of officers and manning, as more particuarly set forth in full in this subchapter and Subchapter E (Load Lines) and F (Boilers and Appurtenances) of this chapter. 63.1a Inspection of motor vessels of over 300 gross tons. All the provisions of Title 52 (R. S.), Laws Governing Steamboat Inspection, and the General Rules and Regulations thereunder including the inspection of hulls, the installation and inspection of machinery and boilers, lifesaving and fire-fighting equipment, construction, and the licensing of officers and manning of inspected vessels, as more particularly set forth in full in Parts 51-57, 59-65, shall be applicable to seagoing vessels of like type and character of 300 gross tons and over propelled in whole or in part by internal combustion engines, in accordance with the pro- visions of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1936 (49 Stat. 1544; 46 U. S. C. 367): Provided, That the Act of June 20, 1936, shall not apply to such vessels, propelled by internal combustion engines, engaged in fishing, oystering, clamming, crabbing, or any other branch of the fishing or kelp or sponge industry. The term "seagoing vessels" as used in this section shall be construed to mean vessels which, in the usual course of their employment, proceed outside the line dividing the inland waters from the high seas as designated and determined under the provisions of the Act of February 19, 1895. 63.2 Vessels owned or employed by the United States. Steam vessels employed by the Government, unless the titles of the same are actually vested in the United States, are not exempt from inspection. 63.3 Authority of inspectors. Inspectors may lawfully inspect any vessel within their respective districts upon proper application. (G-113) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 63.4 Inspection of hulls. In the inspection of hulls of vessels, the inspector of hulls shall carefully inspect every accessible part of the hull, and carefully examine the wood or metal of which the hull is constructed, to determine the condition of same, making all neces- sary hammer tests of hulls constructed of iron or steel. If the inspector shall not have satisfactory evidence otherwise of the soundness of the hull of a wooden vessel, he shall not give a certificate until the same shall be bored or opened up to his satisfaction. All scupper, sanitary, and other similar discharges which lead through the ship's hull shall be fitted with efficient means for preventing the ingress of water in the event of a frac- ture of such pipes. The requirements of the above paragraph do not apply to the discharges in the machinery space connected with the main and auxiliary engines, pumps, etc. All scupper, soil, and sanitary pipes shall be adequately protected; casings to be sub- stantial and so fitted to be conveniently removed for the purpose of examination. The outboard shaft or shafts on every ocean or coastwise vessel shall be drawn for examination once at least in every 3 years: Provided, however, If the circumstances warrant it, the supervising inspector of the district may extend this time to the next regular dry- docking period, not to exceed 4 months: Provided, further, That when it is shown that a vessel has had a long period of lay-up, the supervising inspector of the district may grant an extension equal to the time the vessel has been out of commission, but in no case shall the extension exceed 1 year. On all vessels, not subject to the Load Line Laws and the regulations issued thereunder (Subchapter E of Chapter I of this Title), of 150 gross tons or over, whose keels are laid on or after June 15, 1941, cast iron is not to be used for any connection to the vessel's sides if located below the main deck, nor are cast iron valves to be secured to sea chests. 63.5 Notice to inspectors of vessel on dock; alterations. Whenever any vessel is placed upon the dock for repairs it shall be the duty of the master, owner, or agent to report the same to the board of local inspectors of that district, so that a thorough inspection may by them be made to determine what is necessary to make such vessel seaworthy if the con- dition or age of the vessel, in the judgment of the inspectors, renders such examination necessary. No repairs or alterations affecting the safety of the vessel, either in regard to hull or machinery, shall be made without the knowledge of the local inspectors. Drawings or prints of such alterations shall be furnished, in duplicate, to the local inspectors having jurisdiction, one copy of which shall be forwarded to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. Notice of such repairs and changes is necessary, even if such work does not require the vessel to be placed in a drydock, and even if there are no licensed officers attached to the vessel. 63.6 Certificates of inspection. Certificates of inspection signed by one local inspec- tor only shall not be valid, nor shall the name of a regular inspector be substituted by that of any other person upon any such certificate. This section also applies to licenses. 63.6a Exhibition of certificate of inspection. On vessels of over 25 gross tons, the original certificate of inspection must be framed under glass and posted in a conspicuous place in the vessel where it will be most likely to be observed by passengers and others. On vessels of not over 25 gross tons, the original certificate of inspection must be kept on board to be shown on demand. 63.7 Proceeding to another port for repairs. Certificates of inspection for any period less than 1 year shall not be issued, but nothing herein shall be construed as preventing the revocation or suspension of certificates of inspection, in case such process is authorized by law. The local inspectors may issue a permit to proceed to another port for repairs, if in (G-114) INSPECTION OF VESSELS their judgment it can be done with safety. In the issuance of such permits the local inspec- tors will state upon its face, the conditions upon which it is granted and whether the vessel is to be allowed to carry freight or passengers. A vessel whose certificate of inspection has expired shall not be issued a permit allowing it to carry passengers while en route to another port for repairs. When, under R. S. 4456 (46 U. S. C. 438), vessels obtain a permit from the local inspec- tors of a district to go from their district to another to make repairs, said local inspectors shall notify the supervising inspector of their district, stating the repairs to be made on said vessels. The supervising inspector shall notify the supervising inspector of the dis- trict where such repairs are to be made, furnishing him a copy of the report of the inspectors indicating the repairs ordered on said vessels. 63.8 Furnishing of drawings of new vessels to inspectors ; marking of draft on vessel. On and after July 1, 1930, the owner or builder of every new vessel of over 100 gross tons, before making application for first inspection of the vessel, shall furnish the local inspectors of the district where the vessel is to be inspected, drawings or prints, as follows: Sheer, half breadth and body plans, midship section, inboard profile, arrangement of decks and hatch details, capacities of double bottoms and fuel compartments, and such other drawings or prints showing fully the general construction of the vessel (of iron, steel, or wood), including dimensions, spacing of frames, disposition of hull plates, of outside planking and inside ceiling, details of principal scarfs, construction of transverse and longitudinal bulkheads, and location of same. The drawings or prints and description of the vessel shall be furnished in duplicate to the local inspectors making the first inspection, one copy of which shall be forwarded to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. All vessels 50 gross tons and over, under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, shall have the draft of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or at such other place at the stern of the vessel as may be necessary for easy observance. The draft shall be taken from the bottom of the lowest part of the keel to the surface of the water, the bottom of the mark to indicate the draft in feet. 63.9 Electrical installations. On all vessels contracted for after June 30, 1928, using electricity for any purpose, the installation shall be in keeping with the best modern practice. Wires shall be armored or run in approved metal conduits. Metal conduit or armored casing shall be required in bunkers, cargo spaces, storerooms, etc., and in all places where the leads are liable to mechanical injury. Joints in wiring shall be avoided as far as possible in the above-named spaces, and where joints are necessary they shall be made in metal boxes, readily accessible and protected in the same manner as the leads. When wires are led through beams, frames, or nonwatertight bulkheads, they shall be carried either in metal conduits, armored casing, or protected by hard rubber, or other equivalent bushings. When wires are carried through watertight decks or bulkheads, they shall be provided with a suitable stuffing box at deck or bulkhead. Where such points are liable to mechanical injury, they shall be protected by suitable boxes or cages. In locating the wiring system as a whole, care shall be taken to provide accessibility for examination and repair. Special care shall be taken to avoid any arrangement which might permit the lodgment of standing water, and when necessary, openings in conduits or drains shall be installed to accomplish this purpose. All fixtures, taps, joints, and splices shall be fitted with metal boxes. Boxes in cargo and machinery spaces, galley, and those exposed to weather shall be watertight. Splices shall be so joined as to be both mechanically and electrically secure without (G-115) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS solder. They shall then be soldered and properly insulated and further protected by water- proof tape. Changes or alterations in the electrical installations of vessels now in service shall be in accordance with this rule. Special attention shall be given by the inspectors in the examination of present installa- tion to see that it is of such nature as to preclude any danger of fire, giving particular atten- tion to wiring which is carried through wooden bulkheads, partitions, etc. The type of electrical equipment and the types of electric cables to be used in the various parts of vessels constructed after July 1, 1937, shall be in accordance with the "Recom- mended Practise for Electrical Installations on Shipboard, " A. I. E. E. Standards No. 45, October, 1930, as published by The American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The type of electrical equipment and the types of electric cables to be used in the various parts of all vessels constructed after January 1, 1939, shall be in accordance with the "Recom- mended Practise for Electrical Installations on Shipboard," A. I. E. E. Standards No. 45, December, 1938, as published by The American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The type of electrical equipment and the types of electric cables to be used in the various parts of all vessels, the contract for the construction of which is signed after June 1 , 1941, shall be in accordance with the "Recommended Practise for Electrical Installations on Shipboard," A. I. E. E. Standards No. 45, July 1940, as published by The American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The electrical installation on all existing vessels shall be maintained in good electrical and mechanical condition at all times. Minor replacements of cable and equipment may be made with the same type that was permitted by the regulations at the time the vessel was constructed. Major alterations or major extensions to the electrical installations on existing vessels shall be made in accordance with the rules of this section for new vessels as of the date the contract is made for such alterations or extensions. 63.10 Emergency lighting system. Provision shall be made on all passenger vessels for an electric or other system of lighting, sufficient for all requirements of safety, in the different parts of the ship. There shall be a self-contained source capable of supplying, when necessary, this safety lighting system, and placed in the upper parts of the ship above the margin line. The exit from every main compartment occupied by passengers or crew shall be con- tinuously lighted by an emergency lamp. The power for these emergency lamps shall be so arranged that they will be supplied from the independent installations referred to in the preceding paragraph in the event of failure of the main generating plant. On all passenger vessels contracted for on and after July 1, 1935, or where existing emer- gency installations operated by internal combustion engines are replaced, the emergency generator shall be driven by a Diesel or semi-Diesel engine, equipped with means for quick starting. Such emergency equipment shall be located in steel or iron compartments or rooms on the deck above the weather deck and isolated from the passenger and crew quarters. Where existing installations of emergency engines and generators are located in wooden compartments or rooms, such compartments or rooms shall be made fire-resistant by lining same with asbestos board having a thickness of not less than one-quarter inch over which iron or steel sheathing shall be fitted. 63.11 Specifications covering types of voice tubes and telephones — (a) Signals. (1) Steamers using the bell signals between the pilot house and engine room shall have a tube, of proper size, so arranged as to return the sound of the bell signals to the pilot house, and shall also be provided with a speaking tube or other device for the purpose of conversation between pilot house and engine room. (2) Voice tubes or telephone equipment installed on new or existing vessels or fitted (G-116) INSPECTION OF VESSELS as replacements on existing vessels to provide communication between the pilot house and (i) the emergency steering station, (ii) the steering engine room, and (hi) the engine room, shall conform to the following requirements. (3) On ships equipped with a radio installation, voice tube or telephone communication between the radio room and the navigating bridge shall be provided and shall comply in all respects with the requirements set forth below. (b) Voice tubes. (1) Where the length of voice tube required exceeds 125 feet or if for other reasons efficient communication cannot be obtained by a voice tube installation, telephone equipment shall be substituted. (2) Where the length of the voice tube as installed is not over 75 feet, the tube used shall be at least 2 inches in diameter. Installations having a length of over 75 feet shall be at least 2}i inches in diameter. (3) All voice tubes and voice tube fittings shall be of noncorrodible metal, and flexible tubes or bends shall be used in place of fittings wherever possible. Joints in tubing shall be made with white lead, and tubes shall be supported at least every 8 feet on straight leads and on bends as required. (4) Voice tubes shall be protected where liable to injury and shall not be run in bunkers, cargo spaces, or through machinery spaces unless unavoidable, and they shall be amply protected by metal or heavy sheathing. They shall be provided at the lower end of all risers and in pockets where water can collect with suitable plugs for draining. Flexible terminal tubes, where used, shall have an entire metal inner surface. Voice tubes should be fitted with elliptical belled mouthpieces with hinged covers, with a whistle indicator on the side of the mouthpiece. AH voice tubes shall be provided with designating name plates. Telephone equipment may in all cases be installed in lieu of voice tubes. (c) Telephone systems. (1) All telephone transmitters and receivers shall be of sound- powered type designed especially for marine use. The Bureau shall approve and list equip- ment which, if properly installed, wiU meet the requirements set forth herein. The type number and model shall be plainly stamped on the equipment. (2) A call signal shall be provided at each telephone station. This signal may be a bell or other sound device which provides a distinctive signal throughout the space where the telephone is installed. At installations which are protected by watertight boxes, all signals shall be of such character as to comply with the above when the box is closed. Ringers, if located outside the box, must be of watertight construction. Installations on new and exist- ing vessels shall be provided with call signals which are actuated by the operation of a mag- neto generator at the calling station, except that sound powered replacements of battery operated telephone equipment on existing vessels may be provided with battery operated call signals. In all cases the calling circuit shall allow any one station to call any other station individually. (3) At each telephone installation a suitable hangar for the handset shall be provided. It shall be constructed in such a way as to hold the handset firmly in place and away from the bulkhead. The handset shall not be dislodged from the hangar by the motion of the ship or by a severe shock near the mounting. (4) Telephones installed at external locations exposed to the weather or in locations subject to severe moisture conditions shall be housed in a substantial, watertight metal enclosure. The cover shall be hinged at the bottom or side of the box and, when closed, shall be fastened by a simple substantial mechanism which, when operated, exerts sufficient pressure to make the enclosure watertight. The gasket shall be fastened to, and inserted in, the edge of the box or cover. The magneto generator and switches shall be of watertight construction. The generator and all switches shall be installed inside of the enclosure. (5) At other locations where a watertight box is not required, the telephone equipment (G-117) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS shall be of splash-proof construction and shall be so installed as to minimize possibility of damage by external means. In engine rooms a booth or other suitable auxiliary equipment shall be provided if necessary in order that a telephone conversation can be carried on while vessel is being navigated. (6) The system shall be installed independent from any other systems of communica- tion or of wiring, but may be extended to cover any other locations which are necessary or desirable. Telephone cable shall be of a type suitable for marine use and shall be run as close to the fore and aft center line of the vessel as possible, and protected from external damage. On passenger vessels where telephone cable must, due to the vessel's construction, run closer than one-fifth of the beam to the side, port and starboard cables shall be provided and connected in parallel. It shall be so installed as to minimize ingress of water and dampness. (7) The talking circuit shall be electrically independent of the calling circuit. A short or open circuit or a ground on either side of the calling circuit shall not affect the talking circuit in any way. (d) Telegraph. Nothing in the above shall be construed to prevent the use of the so-called telegraph now in use for conveying signals from the pilot house to the engine room, but in all cases where the telegraph is used the signal shall be repeated back. (e) Cable traveler. On all vessels subject to inspection where the distance is more than 150 feet between deck houses a wire cable shall be stretched between the deck houses at all times when the vessel is loaded and being navigated, this cable to be not less than 5 feet from the deck ; and there shall be attached at all times to the cable a traveler with a line of sufficient continuous length to insure its operation, in order that communication between both ends of the vessel may be facilitated at all times: Provided, That, in addition to the traveler with the endless whip, as many loose rings with lanyards attached may be placed on the cable as may be deemed necessary by the master in charge of the vessel. Failure to have such cable stretched and traveler attached at all times when the vessel is loaded and being navigated shall be sufficient cause for the suspension of the license of the master or officer in charge: Provided, That a fore and aft raised bridge shall be accepted in lieu of the wire cable and traveler. (f) Electrical engine order telegraph systems. All electrical engine order telegraph systems on vessels, not also equipped with mechanical telegraphs, shall be provided with an alarm, located on the bridge, to indicate visually and audibly the failure of power to the system. 63.12 Whistles. Inspected motor vessels shall be provided with an efficient whistle sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam to give the necessary whistle signals. 63.13 Fog bells. The efficient fog bell required upon vessels by law (sec. 1, 26 Stat. 325, as amended; 33 U. S. C. 91) shall be held to mean a bell not less than 8 inches in diameter from outside to outside and constructed of bronze or brass or other material equal thereto in tone and volume of sound, and located where the sound shall be the least obstructed. 63.14 Standard in inspection of hulls, boilers and machinery. In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels, the rules promulgated by the American Bureau of Shipping respecting material and construction of hulls, boilers, and machinery, and the certificate of classification referring thereto, except where otherwise provided for by the rules and regulations in this subchapter, Subchapter E (Load Lines), or Subchapter F (Boilers and Appurtenances), shall be accepted as standard by the inspectors of the Bureau. 63.14a Special surveys of unclassed passenger vessels. Special surveys, applicable to the age of the vessel and corresponding to class surveys, shall be conducted by inspectors of this Bureau on all unclassed passenger vessels. These surveys shall in no way affect the (G-118) INSPECTION OF VESSELS thoroughness of the annual inspections. A notation shall be made in the lower right-hand corner of the certificate of inspection appropriate for the survey, viz: Special survey No. 1. Four years from date of build. S. S. No. 1. Place, date. Special survey No. 2. Four years from the date of special survey No. 1. S. S. No. 2. Place, date. Special survey No. 3. Twelve years from the date of build. S. S. No. 3. Place, date. Second special survey No. 1. Four years from the date of special survey No. 3. Second S. S. No. 1. Place, date. Second special survey No. 2. Four years from the date of second special survey No. 1. Second S. S. No. 2. Place, date. Second special survey No. 3. Twenty-four years from date of build. Second S. S. No. 3. Place, date. Third special survey No. 1. This and succeeding surveys are to correspond with the second special survey No. 1, etc. (a) Special surveys of hull, equipment, and motive power — (1) Special survey No. 1. This survey is to be carried out at 4 years from the date of build. (i) (a) The vessel is to be placed in drydock or upon a slipway and the keel, stem, stern frame or stern post, and outside planking or plating are to be cleaned and afterward examined, recalked, and recoated where necessary; the rudder is to be examined and lifted when required and the gudgeons rebushed or the braces and pintles refitted as may be necessary. (6) In the case of wooden vessels careful examination is to be made of the entire struc- ture, faulty fastenings, bolts, or treenails backed out or otherwise dealt with to the satis- faction of the inspector. When, in the opinion of the inspector, it is necessary, borings are to be made and should they disclose cause for further examination, listings shall be made where and as required to satisfy the inspector. (ii) The holds, 'tween decks, peaks, bilges, engine and boiler spaces, and bunkers are to be cleaned out and the surfaces of the framing and plating are to be cleaned and examined and recoated where necessary. All the watertight bulkheads are to be examined, and tested if considered necessary, with a head of water. (hi) The platform plates in the engine and boiler spaces are to be removed when required, and in the holds and bunkers one strake of ceiling at the bilges and one strake of ceiling on each side fore and aft and all portable ceiling hatches are to be lifted. All limbers are to be cleaned free from dirt. (iv) The cement or other composition on the inner surface of the bottom plating is to be carefully examined and tested, to ascertain if it is adhering satisfactorily to the plating. (v) Where a double bottom is fitted, the tanks are to be thoroughly cleaned out and examined internally ; sufficient ceiling is to be lifted or all the ceiling is to be lifted, if neces- sary, for cleaning and coating the top plating; and the tanks are to be tested with water pressure equal to the height of the load draft of the vessel. (vi) Where a double bottom and other tanks are used for fuel oil bunkers, the cleaning out of such tanks need not be insisted upon, provided the inspector is able to determine by an external examination that the general condition of the tanks is satisfactory. Tanks in such cases may be tested with oil to the height of the overflow. (vii) Deep water ballast tanks, peak ballast tanks, and fresh water tanks which form a part of the structure of the vessel are to be cleaned out and examined internally, and are to be tested with a head of water to a height of 8 feet above the crown of the tank, or to the height of the load draft of the vessel, or to the highest point to which liquid may arise under service conditions, whichever is highest. (viii) The decks are to be examined, and wood decks are to be bored where worn and renewed if reduced to three-fourths the Rule thickness, or if found otherwise defective. (ix) The masts, spars, rigging, hawse pipes and outfit are to be examined, and found or placed in good and efficient condition, and the anchors are to be examined and found or placed in good condition and their weight, type, and number noted. (G-119) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (x) The hatch covers and fore and afters, the tarpaulins, the hatchway and ventilator coamings, deckhouses, the engine and boiler castings and all other means of protecting open- ings in the weather decks are to be examined, and foimd or placed in good condition. (xi) All parts of the steering arrangements together with the blocks, rods, chains, or other transmission gear are to be examined, and found or placed in good condition. (xii) The windlass, hand pumps, sluice valves, watertight doors, and air and sounding pipes are to be examined, and found or placed in good and efficient condition. (xiii) When spaces are insulated in connection with refrigerating plant, the limbers and hatches are to be lifted and an examination is to be made in way of same. (xiv) The engines and boilers of all vessels will be required to undergo periodical sur- veys at the same time as the special surveys on the hull. (2) Special survey No. 2. This survey is to be carried out at 4 years from the date of the special survey No. 1. All the requirements of special survey No. 1 are to be complied with, in addition to the following requirements: (i) (a) A second strake of ceiling on each side fore and aft and all portable ceiling hatches are to be lifted in the holds and bunkers. (b) In the case of wooden vessels no planking is to be removed except, in the opinion of the inspector absolutely necessary to disclose the true condition of the vessel, or as may be found necessary, to effectively remedy the defects otherwise disclosed. (ii) Double bottom and other tanks used as fuel oil bunkers are to be thoroughly cleaned out, cleared of gas, and examined internally, and the tanks are to be tested with water pressure to the height of the overflow. (iii) The chain cables are to be ranged, the shackle pins driven out, and the cables examined, and if found reduced in sectional area at their most worn part to the extent repre- sented by the following table, they must be renewed. Maximum „. , j. , , reduction Diameter of cable : to be allowed %% inch and under 1 % 6 inch }{$ in. l Y\a inch and under l %$ inch i %6 in. 1^16 inches and under l^e inches % 6 in. l 12 /ie inches and under 2 inches % 6 in. 2 inches and under 2%6 inches h /\§ in. 2% 6 inches and under 3 inches %6 in. 3 inches and under 3%e inches ^6 in. (3) Special survey No. 3. This survey is due 12 years from the date of build and can be carried out at any time prior to the date when it becomes due, but it must be carried out within 13 years from the date of build. All the requirements of special surveys Nos. 1 and 2 are to be complied with, in addition to the following requirements: (i) (a) All the close ceilings, wood linings, and casings in the holds and bunkers, ceiling spars and platform plates in the engine and boiler spaces are to be lifted, and all rust through- out the vessel, both inside and outside, is to be removed. (b) In respect to wooden vessels, treenails in the bilges must in all cases be backed out, the center line members must be carefully searched and refastened to the satisfaction of the inspector, and where faulty the refastening bolts must be driven through and clinched over rings. (ii) When the vessel is thus prepared, the outer and inner surfaces of the shell plating and the whole of the framing, floors, brackets, reverse bars, keelsons, girders, tank top plating, engine and boiler seatings, shaft tunnels, thrust and shaft stools, beams, watertight bulk- heads, rivets, stringers, and decks are to be examined, and found or placed in good condition. (iii) (a) If it is considered necessary by the inspector, the shell plating, deck plating, and such other parts of the vessel as are liable to excessive corrosion are to be drilled, and (G-120) INSPECTION OP VESSELS where a material reduction of over 25 percent in the original scantlings is found to have taken place, the defective parts are to be removed and replaced with new materials of the original scantlings and quality. (6) In the case of wooden ships, the beam ends, knees, beam end connections and all principal parts to be carefully examined and bored as may be required by the inspector, and where necessary to ascertain the condition of the beam ends the deck plank adjacent to the lockstrakes should be removed. (iv) (a) In cases where the deterioration of the scantlings is widespread, a detailed preliminary report with a sketch if possible is to be made by the inspector and forwarded immediately to the Bureau for its consideration. (b) In the case of wooden vessels, listings are to be cut inside along seam lines, without disturbing fastenings, above and below the bilge strakes, so as to expose the timbers for one-third the length of the vessel, from each end on both sides, and at such additional and intermediate openings as the inspector may require. (v) (a) When all the rust has been removed, the surfaces of the iron and steel work throughout the vessel are to be recoated, but this should not be done until after examination by the inspector. (6) In the case of wooden vessels, if considered necessary by the inspector, planking may, at his discretion, be removed on both sides of the vessel a length equal to one complete strake on one side; on both sides of the vessel under the counter, and from stem aft toward the foremast such length as the inspector may determine, but not less than eight frames. The inspector will, in his discretion, be careful not to have planking removed that has been removed on previous surveys or when the vessel's condition can be disclosed as, or made satisfactory without, disturbance to the planking. (vi) (a) Where side lights are fitted, the condition of the plating in way of same is to be ascertained, and in way of cabin accommodation the lining may, in the first instance, be removed so that the inspector may judge of the condition of the hull at those parts, and if, upon such examination, he consider it necessary, additional lining must be removed. (b) In the case of wooden ships all mast and bowsprit wedging is to be removed, and the condition of the plating of iron or steel masts, bowsprits, and spars tested by hammering or drilling, as may be found necessary. (vii) When spaces are insulated in connection with refrigerating plant, the limbers and hatches are to be lifted, and enough lining is to be removed from all the spaces to enable the inspector to satisfy himself as to the general condition of the plating and framing in way of the insulation. (4) Second special survey No. 1. This survey is to be carried out at 4 years from the date of the special survey No. 3. All the requirements of the special survey No. 2 are to be complied with. (5) Second special survey No. 2. This survey is to be carried out at 4 years from the date of the second special survey No. 1. All the requirements of the special survey No. 2 are to be complied with. (6) Second special survey No. 3. This survey is due in 24 years from the date of build, but it must be carried out within 25 years from the date of build. All the require- ments of special survey No. 3 are to be complied with in addition to the following require- ment: The actual scantlings of the vessel throughout are to be ascertained by the inspector and reported by him in detail to the Bureau. The bottom plating need not be drilled if the cement on same is adhering satisfactorily. Generally, when a material reduction of 25 percent or more is found the material is to be removed. (G-121) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (7) Third special survey No. 1. This and succeeding surveys are to correspond with the second special survey No. 1 and succeeding surveys, unless otherwise determined by the Bureau. (b) Propelling plant. (1) At these special surveys and on other occasions when the vessel is in drydock, the sea connections, together with the cocks and valves and strainers in connection with same, shall be examined. All iron and steel fastenings of seacocks and valves to the shell plating should be examined and renewed if necessary at each special survey No. 3. (2) The outboard shafts shall be drawn for examination at least once every 3 years. When the after bearing is worn down one-fourth inch with shafts not exceeding 9 inches in diameter; five-sixteenths inch when over 9 and not exceeding 12 inches, and three-eighths inch with shafts over 12 inches in diameter, the bearing shall be rebushed. (3) At each special survey, the cylinders or turbines, pistons, valves, pumps, conden- sers, thrust bearings, main and tunnel shafting, evaporators, and steam steering gear, and such other parts of the machinery as may be considered necessary shall be examined. The pumping arrangements from the several holds, as well as from the engine and boiler spaces, shall be examined. (4) At each special survey, the boilers and superheaters shall be carefully examined inside and outside, and the inspector shall satisfy himself that the boilers and all their appurtenances are in perfect order in every detail. The safety valves shall be carefully examined and set to the working pressure. (5) Internal-combustion engines: A complete examination shall be made of the main and auxiliary machinery. All cylinders, pistons, valves, valve gears, pumps, connecting rods and bearings, guiles, cross heads, the crank, thrust, and line-shafting shall be examined. The cylinders, pistons, and valves of the air compressors shall be examined. The various engine piping systems, air vessels, coolers, oil tanks, and the engine auxil- iaries shall be cleaned if necessary, and examined as far as practicable. Other parts of the machinery as may be considered necessary by the inspector shall be examined. The spare parts should be checked. The requirements for special periodical surveys of steam engines and boiler installations apply to internal-combustion engine installations as far as applicable. (6) The Bureau may in its discretion exempt a vessel of the "Bay and Sound" class from any or all of the requirements of the special surveys applicable to such vessels when in its judgment such survey would be impracticable and unreasonable: Provided, That any request for exemption shall be placed before the Bureau by the local board of inspectors having jurisdiction of the vessel, together with the reasons therefor in detail. 63.15 Copies of specifications and/or blueprints. Sixty copies of all blueprints and/or specifications of every article approved after July 1, 1927, for use on vessels subject to inspection shall be supplied to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation for the use of supervising and local inspectors. 63.16 Use of approved equipment. No lifeboat, lifeboat-disengaging apparatus, life raft, life preserver, fire extinguisher, fire-extinguishing apparatus, or other equipment re- quired to be approved by Title 52, Revised Statutes, shall be used on any vessel inspected and certificated by this Bureau which shall not first be approved by the Board of Super- vising Inspectors and also by the Secretary of Commerce. 63.17 Repairs to fire-fighting and lilesaving apparatus. No repairs or alterations, except in emergency, shall be made to any lifeboat, lifeboat-disengaging apparatus, life raft, life preserver, fire-extinguishing apparatus, or other appliance subject to inspection, with- out advance notice to the local inspectors. Such repairs or alterations shall so far as is practicable be made with materials and tested in the manner specified within this part for (G-122) INSPECTION OF VESSELS new construction. Emergency repairs or alterations shall be reported as soon as practicable to the local inspectors in the district where the vessel may call after such repairs are made; nor shall any lifeboat or life raft be reconditioned or used on a steamer other than that for which it was built, without notice to and supervision by the United States local inspectors in the district wherein such reconditioning or repairs are to be made. 63.18 Crew accommodations. On all vessels of 100 gross tons and over, the contract for the construction of which is signed after January 1, 1941, there shall be provided at least one toilet, one washbasin, and one shower or bathtub, for each eight members, or portion thereof, in the crew to be accommodated. The crew to be accommodated shall include all members who do not occupy rooms to which private facilities are attached. When the engine room crew, exclusive of licensed officers and others separately pro- vided for, exceeds eight, their toilet and washroom equipment shall be separate from the other crew members. When the stewards' department crew, exclusive of those separately provided for, exceeds eight, their toilet and washroom equipment shall be separate from the other crew members. Separate facilities shall also be provided for the female members of the crew. All washbasins, showers, and bathtubs shall be equipped with proper plumbing, includ- ing hot and cold running water. Washbasins may be located in the crew sleeping quarters, if properly installed and equipped with proper plumbing. The washrooms and toilet rooms shall be equipped with proper drains. The toilet rooms shall be separate from the washrooms and at least one washbasin shall be fitted in each toilet room. All toilets shall be installed with proper plumbing for flushing. Where more than one toilet is located in a space or compartment, each toilet shall be separated by partitions, which shall be open at the top and bottom for ventilation and cleaning purposes. Toilets shall be provided with seats of the open front type that auto- matically lift up when not in use. Urinals may be fitted in toilet rooms, if desired, but no reduction in the required number of toilets will be made therefor. When the total number of the crew exceeds 100, consideration may be given to special arrangements and to a reduction in number of facilities required. On all vessels of 100 gross tons and over, the contracts for the construction of which were signed on or prior to January 1, 1941, the toilet and washing facilities shall be in keep- ing with the age, size and service of the vessel and consistent with the principles underlying the requirements for vessels the contracts for the construction of which were signed after January 1, 1941; when reasonable and practicable a minimum of one toilet, one washbasin, and one shower or bathtub for each ten members, or portion thereof, in the crew to be accommodated, shall be provided. On such vessels separate washing facilities are not required where the engine room crew, exclusive of licensed officers and others separately provided for does not exceed ten. (G-123) PART 64— DUTIES OF INSPECTORS Sec. Sec. 64.1 Increases in passenger allowance. 64.10a Deep-sea sounding apparatus. 64.2 Publication of reports. 64.11 Reports of accidents. 64.3 Reports of supervising inspectors to local inspectors; reports of 64.12 Annual reports. local inspectors to supervising inspectors. 64.13 Carrying of excess steam. 64.4 Requests for testimony. 64.14 Public inspection of official records and documents. 64.5 Inspection of boilers. 64.15 Guards for gears, machinery and wires. 64.6 Inspection of steam pipes. 64.16 Inclining tests. 64.7 Entrance of boilers by inspectors. 64.17 Inspection of airports and deadlights. 64.8 Location of whistles on floating structures. 64.18 Inspection of lifeboat disengaging apparatus. 64.9 Location of steam whistles. 64.19 Signaling lamp. 64.10 Testing of boilers and hose. 64.20 Direction-finding apparatus. Section 64.1 Increases in passenger allowance. Increases in the passenger allowance of any vessel, whether specified in regular certificate or by excursion permit, may be allowed only after personal inspection of the vessel by the local inspectors, or by the supervising inspector if he grants the increase, who shall be satisfied that the vessel and her equipment justify the additional allowance, and of which inspection a written record shall be made and kept in the files of the office granting the allowance and a copy thereof forwarded to the office of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. 64.2 Publication of reports. No supervising inspector shall make his annual report public until after the same has been printed and made public by the Department; and, further, no local board, or the clerk thereof, shall make public any report without the con- sent of their supervising inspector or that of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. 64.3 Reports of supervising inspectors to local inspectors; reports of local inspectors to supervising inspectors. It shall be the duty of the supervising inspectors to inform their respective local boards, in writing, of their decisions in cases of appeal. Supervising inspectors granting license to a vessel engaged in towing to cany persons in addition to its crew, under the Act approved February 23, 1901, shall notify the local inspectors in whose jurisdiction the steamer receiving the permit is engaged, and the local inspectors shall keep a record of the same. It shall be the duty of local inspectors to notify the local inspectors of adjoining districts, through the supervising inspector, of all revocations or suspensions of licenses, and also of the names of all persons from whom licenses have been withheld, the names of all steam vessels neglecting or refusing to make repairs when ordered, and the names of all that have been refused certificates, with the reasons therefor. 64.4 Requests for testimony. Whenever any inspector shall find it necessary, in conducting his investigations or in the performance of any of his duties, to obtain testimony from the inspectors of other districts, he shall request the same through the supervising inspector. 64.5 Inspection of boilers. Inspectors, at their annual inspections of steam boilers, may cause to be removed from the surface of such boilers as are covered so much of said covering as may be necessary to enable them to examine parts of the boilers which cannot be properly examined from the inside, and shall examine in a thorough and careful manner, when practicable, either externally or internally, all parts of the shell of every boiler; and the masters, engineers, and owners of every steam vessel shall afford every facility necessary to carry out in the most effective and efficient manner the provisions of this section, and in no case shall an intermediate inspection be deemed any part of the regular annual inspection. 64.6 Inspection of steam pipes. It shall be the duty of inspectors when inspecting or reinspecting a vessel to carefully examine all steam pipes passing through woodwork, and 403901° — 42 9 (G-125) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS if in their judgment the same are deemed unsafe they shall have them provided with air space and fitted with metal collars. 64.7 Entrance of boilers by inspectors. It shall be the duty of the inspector who inspects the boilers of any steamer to actually enter the boiler or boilers where it is possible to do so, and to thoroughly examine the interior of all such boilers to see that the braces are in place and of proper size, and to determine whether the boilers are in good condition, before granting a certificate of inspection, such examination to be made after the hydrostatic pressure has been applied. A record shall be made in the boiler inspector's report of inspec- tion showing whether or not the inspector did actually enter the boiler, and if he did not enter the boiler, he shall give his reasons for not entering it. 64.8 Location of whistles on floating structures. It shall also be the duty of the inspectors to compel all floating structures, such as steam elevators (propelled bj their own motive power), to have their whistles located on the front side of such superstructures having an elevation higher than the pilot house of the vessels. 64.9 Location of steam whistles. All steam whistles shall be placed not less than 6 feet above the top of the pilot house of steam vessels where the height of the smokestack will admit the attachment of same below its top, when not hinged for passing under bridges, except upon steamers navigating the Red River of the North, Yukon and similar rivers, and rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, and steamers of less than 100 gross tons, whose steam whistles shall be placed not less than 2 feet above the tops of then pilot houses; and all double-end ferry steamers, and steamers similarly constructed, shall have a steam whistle both fore and aft of the smokestack, or one steam whistle on either the star- board or port side of the smokestack, so that the steam, when whistle is blown, can be seen from either end of steamer; and it shall be the duty of inspectors to enforce this section at the annual inspection. 64.10 Testing of boilers and hose, (a) It shall be the duty of both the hull and boiler inspectors to be present when the boiler is being tested by hydrostatic pressure, and the hull inspector, as well as the boiler inspector, shall observe and note the indication upon the gage. (b) It shall also be the duty of both the hull and boiler inspectors to examine all pumps, hose, and other fire apparatus and to see that the hose is subjected to a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch and that the hose couplings are securely fastened in accordance with the rules in this part. 64.10a Deep-sea sounding apparatus. It shall be the duty of the local inspectors to require all ocean passenger or freight steam vessels of 500 gross tons and upward, except paddle-wheel steam vessels, to be equipped with an efficient mechanical deep-sea sounding apparatus in addition to the ordinary deep-sea hand lead. The mechanical deep-sea sound- ing apparatus above required shall be installed, kept in working order, and ready for immediate use. 64.11 Reports of accidents. Local boards shall report forthwith to their supervising inspectors in detail all accidents of a serious character — such as collisions, founderings, sinkings, fires — and all other casualties of interest to or affecting the steamboat service in their respective districts. 64.12 Annual reports. Local inspectors shall report, for each fiscal year, as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, to their supervising inspectors, all vessels inspected, arranged according to class and grade; all examinations into alleged violations of the laws regulating vessels, and the action taken in relation to the same; all investigations and decisions by local inspectors; all cases of appeal and the result thereof; casualties and investigations of same; the names of all persons licensed; the names of all whose licenses have been suspended or revoked; the names of all persons from whom licenses have been withheld; and shall render all other annual reports required by the regulations of the De- (G-126) DUTIES OF INSPECTORS partment. These reports, together with any other annual reports that may be submitted by supervising and local inspectors, shall be forwarded by supervising inspectors to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. 64.13 Carrying of excess steam. When it is known or comes to the knowledge of the local inspectors that any steam vessel is or has been carrying an excess of steam beyond that which is allowed by her certificate of inspection, the local inspectors in whose district said steamer is being navigated, in addition to reporting the fact to the United States dis- trict attorney for prosecution under R. S. 4437 (46 U. S. C. 413), shall require the owner or owners of said steamer to place on the boiler of said steamer a lockup safety valve that will prevent the carrying of an excess of steam and shall be under the control of said local inspectors. On the placing of a lockup safety valve upon any boiler, it shall be the duty of the engineer in charge of same to blow or cause the said valve to blow off steam at least once in each watch of 6 hours or less, to determine whether the valve is in working order, and it shall be the duty of the master of such vessel to see that this section is observed, and it shall be the duty of the master and engineer to report to the local inspectors any failure of such valve to operate. In case no such report is made, and a safety valve is found that has been tampered with or out of order, the license of the engineer having such boiler in charge and the license of the master of such vessel shall be suspended or revoked. 7 It shall be the duty of the local inspectors to send a copy of this section to every steamer in their district when said copies are furnished by the Department. 64.14 Public inspection of official records and documents. All official records and official documents on file in the office of any supervising inspector or board of local in- spectors, after official action thereon has been concluded, may be open to public inspection and examination: Provided, That such inspection or examination be made in the office to which such official records and documents belong. 64.15 Guards for gears, machinery and wires. It shall be the duty of the inspectors when inspecting or reinspecting a vessel to see that all exposed and dangerous places, such as gears and machinery, are properly protected with covers, guards, or rails, in order that the danger of accidents may be minimized, and on vessels equipped with radio (wireless) the lead-ins shall be efficiently incased or insulated to insure the protection of persons from accidental shock. Such lead-ins shall be located so as not to interfere with the launching of lifeboats and life rafts. 64.16 Inclining tests. When inspectors have any reason to question the stability of any vessel under their jurisdiction, they shall require the owners of the vessel to make inclining tests on such vessel, under the supervision of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. Every passenger or ferry vessel of 500 gross tons or over, propelled by machinery, and every passenger or ferry vessel intended to carry 50 or more passengers, in either case when making application for first inspection to carry passengers, shall be subjected to an inclining test conducted under the supervision of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, and the results of the test shall be approved before the vessel shall be certificated. The owner or builder of every vessel described in the second paragraph of this section shall, as soon as possible, furnish the local inspectors of the district where the vessel is to be inspected drawings or blue prints, as follows: Sheer, half -breadth and body plans, mid- 7 Under the provisions of R. S. 4450, as amended (46 TJ. S. C, Sup. 239), the power to suspend or revoke licenses of officers was taken away from the local inspectors and placed in the hands of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation who might suspend or revoke licenses only after a hearing before a maiine investigation board. Attention is called to R. S. 4437 (46 TJ. S. C. 413), which makes the obstructing of a safety valve a misdemeanor subject to a $200 fine and imprisonment for not to exceed five years. (G-127) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS ship section, inboard profile, floors, framing, bulkheads, arrangement of decks and quarters; general arrangement and location of boilers and machinery, plan and elevation; plan and elevation sections through holds, tanks, bunkers, double bottoms, and compartments; capacity plan of the bunkers, tanks, holds, double bottoms, and compartments; and the following curves: Displacement, vertical center of buoyancy, transverse metacenter, longi- tudinal center of buoyancy, longitudinal metacenter, center of gravity of water planes from either perpendicular, moment to alter trim, and tons per inch; except for double-end ferry- boats, then the drawing or blue print of curves will only be required to show the displace- ment, vertical center of buoyancy, transverse metacenter, and tons per inch. The drawings and blue prints required by this paragraph shall be forwarded, upon receipt of same, by the local inspectors to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. Where vessels are required to carry fixed ballast, in order to increase the metacentric height, such ballast shall not be moved except for examination and repair of vessel, and then only in the presence of an inspector of this Bureau. The local inspectors shall place a notation in regard to the inclining data on the upper right-hand corner of the certificate of inspection of every vessel subject to this section, to read as follows: Data relating to the stability of this vessel is on file in the office of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, Washington, D. C. It shall also be the duty of the local inspectors to furnish the master and owner of every vessel under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation and upon which the question of stability has been determined by this Bureau, a copy of the letter from the Bureau giving the result of the inclining test or investigation of the stability of the vessel. The local inspectors shall require the master of every such vessel to frame this letter under glass and post it in the pilot house. 64.17 Inspection of airports and deadlights. It shall be the duty of the inspectors when inspecting or reinspecting vessels to carefully examine all airports and deadlights in the hull, and to satisfy themselves that the same are safe. 64.18 Inspection of lifeboat- disengaging apparatus. Excluding the emergency boats, not more than one type of disengaging apparatus shall be fitted in the lifeboats of a vessel. Such disengaging apparatus as is at present fitted in lifeboats and which has been passed as satisfactory, shall be accepted until replacement becomes necessary. It shall be the duty of the inspectors when inspecting or reinspecting vessels to carefully examine the lifeboat-disengaging apparatus and the blocks and falls thereof and to satisfy themselves that the same are in good condition, and, further, that they shall indicate in Form 840-A at annual inspection the name and record of all lifeboat-disengaging apparatus found, and, if unable to identify such lifeboat-disengaging apparatus by name, they shall within a reasonable time take the matter up with the supervising inspector of the district in order that such apparatus may be traced for identification and approval record. 64.19 Signaling lamp. Ocean and coastwise ships over 150 gross tons shall be equipped with an efficient signaling lamp. This lamp shall be permanently fixed above the bridge and equipped with a Fresnel lens and high-speed bulb, operated by a weatherproof key, fitted with a suitable condenser. The lamp shall be so connected that it can be operated from the normal source of ship's current, the emergency source, and other emergency batteries if provided. 64.20 Direction- finding apparatus. Ocean passenger vessels over 5,000 gross tons shall be provided with a radio direction-finding apparatus which shall be inspected and approved by Federal Communications Commission and kept at all times in efficient condition. If the direction-finding equipment is not installed on the navigating bridge, efficient communication shall be provided from the apparatus to the bridge in accordance with all the requirements of § 63.11. (G-128) PART 65— STEAM YACHTS Sec. Sec. 65.1 Classes. 65.10 Equipment for lifeboats. 65.2 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (a) . 65.11 Drawings, specifications, name plate. 65.3 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (b). 65.12 Inspection of lifeboats when built. 65.4 Size of lifeboats. 65.13 Life preservers. 65.5 Air tanks on vessels of class (a). 65.14 Fire apparatus. 65.6 Air tanks on vessels of class (b). 65.15 Axes and fire extinguishers. 65.7 Carrying capacity of lifeboats. 65.16 Life buoys. 65.8 Davits or cranes. 65.17 Inspection. 65.9 Marking of lifeboats. Section 65.1 Classes. Ocean and coastwise steam yachts shall be divided into the following classes: (a) Steam yachts navigating more than 20 nautical miles offshore. (b) Steam yachts navigating 20 nautical miles or less offshore. 65.2 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (a). Vessels of class (a) shall be required to have lifeboat and life raft capacity for all persons on board. Not less than 75 percent of the total capacity shall be in lifeboats and 25 percent may be in collapsible lifeboats or rafts of an approved type. 65.3 Lifeboats and life rafts required on vessels of class (b). Vessels of class (6) shall be required to have life boat and life raft capacity to accommodate all persons on board. Not less than 75 percent of the total capacity shall be in lifeboats and 25 percent may be in approved collapsible lifeboats or life rafts. Vessels of class (6) during the interval between May 15 and October 15 in any 1 year, both dates inclusive, shall only be required to be equipped with lifeboats and life rafts to accommodate 70 percent of all persons on board, not less than 50 percent of which shall be in lifeboats and 50 percent may be in collapsible lifeboats or life rafts of an approved type. 65.4 Size of lifeboats. The size of lifeboats in vessels of class («) and (b) shall be of at least 125 cubic feet capacity. The supervising inspector of the district in which the vessel is inspected may, if he deems it proper, modify the requirements as to the size of lifeboats. 65.5 Air tanks on vessels of class (a). All lifeboats on vessels of class (a) shall be provided with air tanks. The construction and arrangement shall be as required in § 59.30: Provided, That when motor lifeboats are subdivided with a suitable number of efficient bulk- heads, the air tanks may be dispensed with. 65.6 Air tanks on vessels of class (b). Only the metal lifeboats on vessels of class (b) shall be required to be provided with air tanks. 65.7 Carrying capacity of lifeboats. The carrying capacity of lifeboats on vessels of classes (a) and (6) shall be computed as provided in § 60.15. 65.8 Davits or cranes. Lifeboats shall, when practicable, be carried under sub- stantial davits or cranes. 65.9 Marking of lifeboats. Each lifeboat shall be provided with a suitable name board, or the name of the vessel shall be marked on the bow or stern of the lifeboat. 65.10 Equipment for lifeboats. Only lifeboats of more than 180 cubic feet capacity are required to be equipped as provided in §§59.11 or 60.9 of this chapter. The equipment may be kept on board the steamer ready for use. 65.11 Drawings, specifications, name plate. All lifeboats shall be substantially con- structed in accordance with drawings or blueprints, and specifications approved by the super- vising inspector of the district in which the lifeboats are built. (G-129) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Builders of lifeboats shall affix a plate or other device to each lifeboat, having thereon the builder's name, number of boat, date of construction of boat, cubical contents of boat, and number of persons said boat will carry, as determined by the rules of the Board of Super- vising Inspectors. 65.12 Inspection of lifeboats when built. Supervising inspectors of districts where lifeboats are budt shall detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where lifeboats are being built, whose duty it shall be to carefuUy inspect and examine the construction of such lifeboats, and he shall satisfy himself that such lifeboats are constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When the assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the boat he shall stamp his initials, together with letters "U. S. I." on a blank space on the plate required to be affixed to the boat by the builder. The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satisfactory evidence to all parties interested that the boat has been constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blueprints, and specifications on file. 65.13 Life preservers. These vessels shall be equipped with an approved life pre- server for each person on board. 65.14 Fire apparatus. Pleasure steamers shall be provided with at least one double- acting steam fire pump. Fire mains shall be led from the pumps to all decks with a sufficient number of outlets arranged so that all parts of the vessel may be reached with water. Suitable hose with nozzles and spanners shall be provided, but it shall not be necessary that the hose be coupled to hydrants, but shall be convenient to the hydrants in case of fire. 65.15 Axes and fire extinguishers. Axes and fire extinguishers shall be provided in accordance with the tables in Part 6 1 . 65.16 Life buoys. Steam yachts shall be equipped with ring buoys with attached self -igniting water lights as provided for passenger steamers of corresponding length. 65.17 Inspection. The inspection of hulls, boilers, and appurtenances thereto shall be strictly in compliance with the United States Revised Statutes and the rides and regula- tions in this subchapter. (G-130) APPENDIX REGISTRATION OF STAFF OFFICERS [Regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Commerce] Sec. Sec. 62.200 Scope. 62.203 Manning. 62.201 Staff officers. 62.204 General. 62.202 Staff department. 62.200 Scope. These rules and regulations apply to every vessel registered, enrolled, or licensed under the laws of the United States which employs a staff officer, except vessels navigating on bays, sounds, rivers, inland waterways, and lakes other than the Great Lakes, passenger ferries and car ferries navigating on the Great Lakes, fishing vessels, whaling vessels and yachts. 62.201 Staff officers. Registered staff officers shall be in the following grades: (1) Chief purser, (2) purser, (3) senior assistant purser, (4) junior assistant purser, (5) surgeon. 62.202 Staff department. The staff department shall consist of officers registered under the provisions of these regulations, pursers' clerks, and such persons as may be assigned to the senior registered surgeon. Such staff department shall be a separate and independent department composed of a medical division and a purser's division. The medical division shall be under the charge of the senior registered surgeon who shall be responsible solely to the master or, in the absence of the master, to the officer in charge of the vessel. The purser's division shall be under the charge of the senior registered purser who shall be respon- sible solely to the master or, in the absence of the master, to the officer in charge of the vessel. 62.203 Manning, (a) After August 1, 1940, it shall be unlawful to employ any person, or for any person to serve as chief pursuer, or surgeon, or purser, or senior assistant purser, or junior assistant purser, or perform the duties of such grades on any vessel to which these regulations apply, unless he shall be in bona fide possession of a certificate of registry authorizing him to serve in such capacity, except that in the event no registered staff officer is available and obtainable at the time of sailing, the vessel may sad with an unregistered staff officer or without any staff officer. Anyone violating this provision shall be liable to a penalty of $100 for each offense. An unregistered staff officer is required to possess a certificate of service for the rating in which he serves on vessels to which these regulations apply. Staff officers shall not be required by a vessel's certificate of inspection, but, if carried, shall be included in the total number of persons permitted to be carried in the vessel's complement. (6) Every ocean-going vessel licensed to carry more than 100 passengers, maintaining a staff department, shall have a registered chief purser in charge of such department, and when- ever more than three persons are employed in the staff department on such a vessel, exclusive of surgeons, there shall be a minimum of one registered senior assistant purser and one registered junior assistant purser in such staff department. 62.204 General, (a) Application for registry and a certificate of registry shall be made to a board of local inspectors. (6) An applicant for registry and a certificate of registry as staff officer shall not be required to take an examination, but he shall be required to submit with his application satisfactory proof of his good character and of his prior service, including at least two letters of recommendation from present or former employers. He shall also submit proof that he is a citizen of the United States, either native born or fully naturalized. (G-131) OCEAN AND COASTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (c) An applicant claiming to be a citizen of the United States shall furnish satisfactory evidence of such citizenship to the local inspectors. Acceptable evidence of citizenship is described below in the order of its desirability: (1) Birth certificate or certified copy. (2) Naturalized citizens must present a Certificate of Naturalization. (3) Baptismal certificate or parish record recorded within one year after birth. (4) Statement of a practicing physician certifying that he attended the birth and that he has a record in his possession showing date on which it occurred. (5) State Department Passport. (6) A commission in the United States Army, Reserve Corps, Navy, Naval Reserve, or Coast Guard. (7) A license as master, mate, or engineer or pilot issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation when such license shows on the back thereof that satisfactory evidence of citizenship has been submitted. (8) A continuous discharge book or certificate of identification issued by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation which shows that the holder is an American citizen, if records of Bureau indicate that he presented satisfactory proof of citizenship. (9) If no one of the foregoing requirements can be met by the applicant, he should make a statement to that effect, and in an attempt to establish citizenship, he may submit for consideration data of the following character: (1) Report of the Census Bureau showing the earliest record of age or birth available. Request for such information should be addressed to the Director of the Census, Washington, D. C. In making such request, definite information must be furnished the Census Bureau as to the place when the first census was taken after the birth of the applicant, giving the name of the street and number of the house, or the names of the cross streets between which the house was located if residing in a city; or the name of the town, township, precinct, magisterial district, militia district, beat or election district, if residing in the country; also the names of parents, or the names of other persons with whom residing on the dates specified. Note.— A census was taken in the following years: June 1, 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1900; April 15, 1910; January 1, 1920; and April 1, 1930. (Records for 1890 are not available.) (2) Affidavits of parents, or relatives; or affidavits by two or more responsible citizens of the United States stating facts of which they have knowledge tending to establish appli- cant's citizenship ; school records ; immigration records ; or insurance policies. For the convenience of applicants there is listed below the State custodians of records of vital statistics. This is not a complete list of offices from which birth certificates may be secured, but is confined to such offices established by State governments. In many States, birth records are maintained also by county clerks, clerks of county courts, and/or city clerks or town clerks. If a State record is not available, inquiry shoidd be made of the county, city, or town clerk. The year below at the right indicates the date of the earliest available record. Alabama: State Registrar, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Montgomery, Ala., 1908. Alaska: Auditor of Alaska, Juneau, Alaska, 1913. Arizona: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Phoenix, Ariz., 1909. Arkansas: State Registrar, (State Health Officer), Little Rock, Ark., 1914. California: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Sacramento, Calif., 1905. Canal Zone: Chief, Bureau of Statistics, Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, C. Z., 1904. Colorado: Secretary, State Board of Health, Denver, Colo., 1900. Connecticut: State Commissioner Health, State Dept. Health, Hartford, Conn., 1897. Delaware: State Registrar, State Board of Health, Dover, Del., 1861. (G-132) REGISTRATION OF STAFF OFFICETS District of Columbia: Health Officer, District of Columbia, Washington, D. C, 1872. Florida: Director, Bureau Vital Statistics, Board Health, Jacksonville, Fla., 1865. Georgia: Kegistrar, State Board Health, Bureau Vital Statistics, Atlanta, Ga., 1919. Hawaii: Eegistrar General, Bureau Vital Statistics, Honolulu, T. H., 1896. 1 Idaho: Department of Public Welfare, Boise, Idaho, 1911. Illinois: Director, Department Public Health, Springfield, 111., 1916. Indiana: State Health Commissioner, Indianapolis, Ind., 1907. Iowa: Secretary, State Board of Health, Des Moines, Iowa, 1880. Kansas: State Registrar, Topeka, Kans., 1911. Kentucky: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Louisville, Ky., 1911. Louisiana: State Registrar, Bureau Vital Statistics, New Orleans, La., 1898. Maine: State Health Commissioner, Augusta, Maine, 1892. Maryland: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Baltimore, Md., 1898. Massachusetts: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, State House, Boston, Mass., 1841. Michigan: State Department of Health, Lansing, Mich., 1867. Minnesota: State Board of Health, St. Paul, Minn., 1900. Mississippi: Director, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Jackson, Miss., 1913. Missouri: State Board of Health, Department Vital Statistics, Jefferson City, Mo., 1910. Montana: Secretary, State Board of Health, Helena, Mont., 1907. Nebraska: Chief, Bureau of Health, Lincoln, Nebr., 1905. Nevada: Secretary, State Board of Health, Carson City, Nev., 1911. New Hampshire: State Registrar, Department Vital Statistics, Concord, N. H., 1640. New Jersey: Registrar, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Trenton, N. J., 1848. New Mexico: State Director, Bureau of Public Health, Santa Fe, N. Mex., 1919. New York: State Department of Health, Div. of Vital Statistics, Albany, N. Y., 1880. 2 North Carolina: State Registrar of Vital Statistics, Raleigh, N. C, 1913. North Dakota: State Health Officer, Bismarck, N. D., 1907. Ohio: Director, Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio, 1908. Oklahoma: Commissioner of Health, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1907. Oregon: State Board of Health, Portland, Oreg., 1903. Pennsylvania: State Registrar, Harrisburg, Pa., 1906. Rhode Island: State Registrar and Director, Public Health Commission, Providence, R. I., 1853. South Carolina: Secretary, State Board of Health, Columbia, S. C, 1915. South Dakota: Director of Vital Statistics, Department of Health, Waubay, S. D., 1905. Tennessee: Registrar of Vital Statistics, Department Public Health, Nashville, Term., 1914. Texas: Registrar of Vital Statistics, Department Public Health, Austin, Tex., 1903. Utah: Secretary, State Board of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1906. Vermont: Secretary of State, Montpelier, Vt., 1787. Virginia: State Registrar, Richmond, Va. 3 Washington: Director of Health, Alaska Building, Seattle, Wash., 1907. West Virginia: State Commissioner of Health, Charleston, W. Va., 1917. Wisconsin: State Health Officer, Madison, Wis., 1860. Wyoming: Secretary, State Board of Health, Cheyenne, Wyo., 1909. The board of U. S. local inspectors must be satisfied that the evidence presented is authentic and may reject any evidence that they have reason to believe is not based on fact. 1 Some records are available prior to this date. 2 For records of births occurring in New York City, address respective borough departments of health. The main office address of the New York City Department of Health is 138 Center Street, New York City. » Records are available from 1853 to 1896, and from 1912 to date. (G-133) OCEAN AND CAOSTWISE: GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS (d) The applicant for registry and a certificate of registry as staff officer shall also submit evidence of experience as follows: Chief Purser: Two years' experience aboard vessels to which these regulations apply, performing duties relating to work in the purser's office. Surgeon : A valid license as physician and surgeon issued under the authority of a state or territory of the United States or the District of Columbia. Purser: Twelve months' experience aboard vessels to which these regulations apply, performing duties relating to work in the purser's office. Senior Assistant Purser: Six months' experience aboard vessels to which these regulations apply, performing duties relating to work in purser's office. Junior Assistant Purser: Previous experience not required. (1) In the above requirements of service, employment on shore in connection with ship's passenger or freight business may be accepted in lieu of sea service, the time of such shore service to count one half. (2) In computing the length of service required of an applicant, service of one season on vessels on the Great Lakes to which these regulations apply, shall be counted as service of 1 year. (3) In the event an applicant presents other special qualifications which, in the opinion of the board of local inspectors, fit him for the duties of a staff officer, other than surgeon, the board shall forward full details and description of such qualifications to the Bureau for the decision of the Secretary of Commerce prior to the registry and issuance of certificate of registry. (4) If, prior to August 1, 1940, an applicant for registry and certificate of registry is, or has been, actually employed on board a vessel to which these regulations apply, in the capacity for which he applies for registry, he shall be considered as having the required experience and shall be eligible for registry and a certificate of registry, if he is qualified in all other respects. (e) An applicant for registry and a certificate of registry as staff officer shall be in posses- sion of a continuous discharge book or certificate of identification and shall appear in person before a Board of United States Local Inspectors. The applicant shall make written appli- cation in duplicate on Form 865, filling in all the required information. The applicant shall furnish two unmounted, dull finish photographs, 2 inches by \)'i inches, of passport type taken within 1 year of the application. Photographs shall show the full face, at least 1 inch in height, with the head uncovered, and shall be a satisfactory likeness of the applicant. The issuing officer shall affix a photograph to each of the applications and impress his official seal partly over the photograph, after the applicant has in his presence signed the application. The applicant shall place his fingerprints on each of the applications and his left thumbprint on the back of the certificate of registry as staff officer. (J) A board of local inspectors shall issue a certificate of registry on Form 887 as staff officer to an applicant who has qualified for such certificate and who has made oath or affirmation before one of them to the truth of the statements contained in the application and that h e will faithfully and honestly perform all the duties of his office required of him by law. (g) Endorsements for a higher grade shall not be made on certificates of registry. An applicant for a higher grade in the staff department shall make application in the same manner as for an original certificate of registry and shall surrender his certificate upon issuance of the new certificate of registry. A person in possession of a certificate of registry as staff officer may serve in a lower grade than that for which he is registered. (h) When a certificate of registry is issued in accordance with these regulations, the original application shall be forwarded to the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Naviga- (G-134) EEGISTRATION OF STAFF OFFICERS tion at Washington, together with the evidence of good character and citizenship submitted. The copy of the application shall be retained in the office of issuance. (i) A monthly and yearly (fiscal year) report shall be forwarded by all offices issuing certificates of registry as staff officers to the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navgation at Washington, showing the total number of such certificates issued by their offices. (j) A staff officer shall not be required to hold any other certificate of service or efficiency as a condition of service in such capacity on vessels to which these regulations apply. (k) A staff officer registered under the provisions of the Act of August 1, 1939 (46 U. S. C. Sup. 242-248), who shall change by addition, interpolation, or erasure of any kind, any certificate of registry issued under that Act shall have his certificate of registry revoked and be punished by a fine of not more than $100. (I) Certificates of registry issued under the provisions of the Act of August 1, 1939 (46 U. S. C. Sup. 242-248), to staff officers shall be suspended or revoked upon satisfactory proof of bad conduct, inattention to duties, or the wilful violation of any provisions of that Act applicable to them, in the same manner and with like procedure as is provided in the case of suspension or revocation of licenses of officers under the provisions of Section 4450 of Revised Statutes as amended (46 U. S. C. Sup. 239). (to) No person whose certificate of registry has been suspended or revoked shall be issued another certificate of registry except upon approval of the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. If an applicant for a certificate of registry is currently suffering the suspension or revocation of a certificate of service, the certificate of registry for which he applies shall not be issued except upon approval of the Secretary of Commerce. (ri) Any person whose certificate of registry has been stolen, lost, or destroyed, shall report that fact to a board of local inspectors as soon as possible, and if a duplicate certificate is desired, shall make affidavit in duplicate on Form 719-e, furnishing the same number of photographs as provided for in the case of an application for an original certificate. The board of local inspectors shall forthwith transmit the original copy of the affidavit and one photograph to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, who shall thereupon cause to be prepared a certificate which shall be similar to the former certificate, bear the same book or certificate of identification number as the former certificate, and be marked "duplicate". The certificate shall then be forwarded to the proper board of local inspectors, who shall issue the duplicate certificate in the same manner as an original. (o) Whenever a certificate of registry is reported to a board of local inspectors as havmg been stolen, lost, or destroyed, the local inspectors shall immediately report the fact by letter to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, giving all the facts incident to its loss or destruction. By the same procedure, they shall report the recovery of any certificate of registry, together with all facts incident to its recovery, and shall forward the recovered certificate to the Director of the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (p) Staff officers registered under the provisions of the Act of August 1 , 1939, (46 U. S. C. Sup. 242-248), who are members of the Naval Corps, shall wear on their uniforms such spe- cial distinguishing insignia as may be approved by the Secretary of the Navy. (q) The uniform stripes, decorations, or other insignia shall be of gold braid or woven gold or silver material, and no member of the ship's crew other than such staff officers shall be allowed to wear any uniform with such staff officers' identifying insignia. (G-135) INDEX Pasre AB C life floats 50 Able seaman, examination 105 Accident, emergency, boats 7 Accident reports 81, 104, 126 Accommodations for crew 123 Affidavit of manufacturers: Life preservers, kapok 35 Line-carrying guns 39 Age of applicant for license 76 Aids to navigation 80, 108 Airports in hull, inspection 128 Airports in hull, life lines required, on pas- senger vessels 43 Air tanks: Buoyant apparatus 15, 31, 52 Lifeboats 15, 23, 46 Life rafts 15, 29, 49 Alarm bells 84 Size, character, and construction 84 Where required 84 Alarm systems, fire 67, 68 Alarm systems, manual 67, 68 Alterations, lifesaving appliances 122, 123 Alterations or repairs of a vessel, notice, blue- prints, etc., to local inspectors 114 American Institute of Electrical Engineers, A. I. E. E. Standards No. 45 116 American Bureau of Shipping rules 118 American Institute of Electric Engineers, specifications 68 Anchor, sea, for lifeboats - 12 Annual inspection 113 Application 113 Buoyancy test for life preservers 34 By local inspectors 113 Fire-extinguishing systems 57, 58 Fire hose tests 62 Lifeboats 27, 47 Lifeboat-disengaging apparatus 44, 128 Life preservers 34, 53 Lifesaving appliances 113 Portable fire extinguishers 63 Steam yachts 130 Vessels inspected 113, 114 Annual reports 126, 127 Application for inspection of vessels 113 Approvals: Automatic water sprinkling system 67, 68, 72 Buoyant apparatus 31, 52, 122 Copies of specifications and blueprints of equipment 122 Davit, mechanical or gravity 3, 47, 122 Disengaging apparatus 44, 56 Page Approvals — Continued. Fire detecting and alarm system, auto- matic 67 Fire detecting system 67, 68 Fire extinguishers, portable 62 Fire-extinguishing systems, inert-gas 57 Flame safety lamp 72 Flashlight, for lifeboats 10 Gas masks 72 Kapok life preservers 35 Lifeboats 14, 122 Lifeboats equivalent to lifeboats of Class IB 21 Lifeboats equivalent to lifeboats of Class 2_ 22 Life preservers 33, 35, 53 Life rafts 29 Line-carrying guns and projectiles 40, 55 Motion-picture projectors and booths 74 Oxygen-breathing apparatus 72 Portable fire extinguishers 62 Public address systems 84 Ring life buoys 37, 54 Searchlights 13 Signal pistols and parachute flares 9 Sprinkler systems 67 Telephone systems 117, 118 Thread for use in life preservers 33 Water lights, self -igniting 38, 55 Water-spray nozzles 64 Winches for mechanical davits 5 Automatic water-sprinkling system 67, 68, 71 Axes, fire, required 57, 130 Bailer, lifeboat equipment 9 Ballast, permanent, removal for inspection.. 128 Balsa wood life preservers 35, 53 Barges, seagoing, inspected, lifeboats 8, 46 Batteries for flashlights 11 Beckets 31, 37, 54 BeUs: Alarm 84 Fog 118 Signal 116 Bilge pipes 62 Bilge pumps 13, 62 Birth certificates, places where obtainable. 132, 133 Blocks and falls 26, 47 Blueprints: Alterations, major, on existing vessels 114 Approved equipment 122 Lifeboats 14 Life rafts 27 New vessels 115 Boat hook, lifeboat equipment 8,9 (G-137) INDEX Page Boilers and machinery, examination by engi- neer 104 Boilers: Entrance, by inspectors 126 Inspection 125, 126 Testing 126 Testing pumps 61 Booths, motion-picture projector, specifica- tions 73 Breathing apparatus 72 Breech-loading guns 39, 55 Bridge, navigator's, exclusion of certain per- sons from 82 Brude lifeboat 23, 49 Bucket, lifeboat equipment 8, 9 Bulkheads: Arrangement 42, 43, 55 Exemptions permitted by local inspectors. 55 Fire-resisting 72 Locations 42, 43, 55, 72 Passenger vessels less than 100 gross tons. 42, 43, 55 Passenger vessels 100 gross tons and over_ 43, 56 Watertight 42, 43, 55, 56 Buoyant apparatus 9, 31, 32, 52 Air tanks 31, 52 Capacity 31, 52 Coastwise passenger steam vessels 45 Buoyant materials: Balsa wood 33, 35, 36 Cork 33, 37, 54 Kapok 33, 35 Tule sheaves 33 Buoys, ring life 36, 37, 53, 54 Bureau of Standards: Batteries, flashlight, tests 11 Fire extinguishers, portable, tests 64 Water lights, self -igniting 38 Cabin watchman, duties 86 Cabinets for motion picture films 74 Cable traveler 118 Cambridge life floats 51 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, require- ments 62-64 Carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing system, re- quirements 57, 59, 60, 65, 66 Care of lifeboats and life rafts 27, 29, 47, 49 Carbon-tetrachloride fire extinguishers 62-64 Cargo compartments, fire control 57—60 Cargo steam vessels, classes 1,45 Cargo vessels, lifeboats required 8, 46 Carley life floats 51 Cartridges, parachute signal 9 Castings for davits, etc., chemical composi- tion 3,4,47,48 Cast iron valves, prohibited on hull below main deck 114 Casualties, report 81, 82 Catamaran tule life rafts 50 Page Catamaran type life rafts, construction 28, 49 Certificated lifeboatman 30, 51, 105 Certificate of inspection 114 Certificate of lost license 78 Certificate of registry 131-135 Application, to local inspectors 131 Citizenship requirements 131, 135 Endorsement for a higher grade 134 Purser 134 Qualifications necessary 134 Report when found or recovered 135 Report when lost, stolen, or destroyed 135 Surgeon 134 Suspension or revocation 135 Charges for fire extinguishers 64 Civilian nautical schools, inspection 113 Children's life preservers 34, 35, 53 Clark life rafts, construction 29, 50 Coastwise steam vessels, classes 45 Collisions with buoys and light vessels, re- ports 81 Color blindness, examination 77 Communication systems 84, 85, 116-118 Compass, lifeboat equipment 9 Control panels, cabinets 70 Cork for life preservers, ring life buoys 33, 36, 54 Cover for life preservers 32 Cranes for lifeboats 47 Crew accommodations 123 Davits and lowering gear for lifeboats 1-6, 44, 47-49 Blocks and falls 26 Cargo vessels 3, 47 Castings 3,4, 47,48 Construction 2, 3, 47, 48 Disengaging apparatus 44, 56 Exemption permitted on existing vessels. _ 2, 47 Markings, serial number 4,48 Mechanical 3, 49 Name plate 4,48, 49 Passenger vessels 1, 2, 3, 47 Strength and operation 2, 47 Structural steel for frames and arms 4, 48 Test 3,48 Test of operating gear 4, 48 Welders qualified by the Bureau 4, 48 Deadlights in hulls, inspection 128 Deep-sea sounding apparatus 126 Direction-finding equipment 128 Discharge pipes 114 Disengaging apparatus, lifeboat 44, 56 Approved 44, 122 Factory tests 44 Identification . 44 Inspection 128 Material requirements 44 Means of control 44 Plans and specifications 44 (G-138) INDEX Page Distress signal lights 9, 30 Ditty bag, lifeboat equipment 10 "Doctor," equivalent for steam fire pumps. . 61 Documents, official, public inspection 127 Dories as lifeboats 8 Double-acting steam fire pumps required 60 Draft of vessel: Marking 115 Maximum, log book record kept 86 Drills... 42, 82-84 Boat station or boat drills 82, 83 Emergency signals 82, 83 Fire 83 Lifeboat 83 Line-throwing appliances 42 Log book entries 42, 83 On passenger vessels 42, 82-84 Penalty for neglect or omission 84 Reports by master 83, 84 Required, weekly 83 Drinking cups 9, 10, 30 Electrical installations 115, 116 Electrician, experience, accepted for raise of grade 101, 104 Embarkation aids 42, 55 Illumination for boat launching operation. 42 Ladders for passenger vessels 42 Emergency boats..^ 7 Emergency lighting system 116 Emergency power plant 72 Emergency signals 82, 83 Boat station or boat drill station 82 Fire alarm 82 Engelhardt collapsible lifeboat 23, 51 Engine order, electrical, telegraph systems 118 Engineers: Assistant, first, motor vessels 102 Assistant, first, ocean steam vessels 100 Assistant, second, motor vessels 103 Assistant, second, ocean steam vessels 100 Assistant, third, motor vessels 103, 104 Assistant, third, ocean steam vessels 101 Assistant, uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Chief, motor vessels 102 Chief, ocean steam vessels 100 Chief, uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Examination of boilers and machinery by.. 104 Professional examination for license 77 Reports of accidents, repairs, unsafe boilers and machinery 104 Reports of fusible plug replacements 104 Special license 99 Equipment : For buoyant apparatus 9, 32 For lifeboats 8-11,46, 129 For lifeboats, motor 9, 12, 13 For life rafts 9, 30, 51 Required to be approved 122 Page Examinations: Able seaman 105 After refusal of license 77 Boilers and machinery by engineer 104 Certificated lifeboatman 105 Engineer 76, 99, 102 For color blindness 76-79 For hearing 76, 77 For licensed officers: Engineers 76, 99, 102 Field offices, where held, for officers of uninspected vessels 110 Fishing vessels, steam 98 Hawaiian vessels 98, 99 Master 88-90 Mate 91-98 Pilot boats 98, 99 Puerto Rican vessels 98 Uninspected vessels 110, 111 Shafts, outboard, drawn and examined 114 Staff officers 131 Written, required 77 Excess steam carried by steam vessel, pen- alty 127 Factory inspection and tests: Buoyant apparatus 31, 53 Davits 4, 48 Disengaging apparatus, lifeboat 44 Life preservers 34, 35 Line-carrying guns 40 Ring life buoys 37, 55 Winches for mechanical davits 6 Falls for boat davits 26, 27, 47 Federal Communications Commission, direc- tion-finding apparatus 128 Films, motion-picture, handling 73 Fire alarm bell 70, 84 Fire alarm systems 82-84 Fire apparatus: In boiler and fire rooms 64-67 In cargo holds 57-60 In machinery spaces 64-67 Steam yachts 130 Testing and examination 126 Fire axes 57, 130 Fire control 57-74 Fire-detecting systems 67-72 Approval 68 Automatic sprinkling systems 71 Electrical and pneumatic-tube system 68-70 Instructions 68 Maintenance and test 68 Parts and samples submitted for test pur- poses 68 Smoke pipe systems 71 Fire-detecting and alarm systems, automatic. 67 Fire drills on passenger vessels 83 Fire extinguishers, portable 62-64 Annual inspection 63, 113 (G-139) INDEX Page Fire extinguishers, portable — Continued. Approval 62, 122 Automobiles, kinds when carrying 62 Capacity , 64 Carbon dioxide 62-64 Carbon tetrachloride 62-64 Charges 63, 64 Extra units and charges required 63, 64 Foam type extinguisher 62-64 For emergency power plant 72 Instructions for use 64 Name plate 64 Number required on various classes of vessels 62, 63 Recharges 63, 64 Soda-and-acid type extinguisher 63, 64 Steam yachts 130 Tests by Bureau of Standards 64 Fire-extinguishing apparatus, approval 122 Fire-extinguishing systems 57-60, 64-66 Annual inspection 57, 58 Approval 57, 65, 122 Carbon dioxide systems 57, 59, 65, 66 Examination of carbon dioxide cylinders _ _ 58 Foam smothering system 66 General requirements for use in cargo com- partments 57, 58 General requirements for use in engine spaces 64-66 Identification required 57 Inert-gas systems 57, 59, 60, 65, 66 Markings on valve handles, etc 58 Recharges 63 Steam-smothering tests, steam-smothering lines 57 Steam systems 57-59 Water spray, fixed 66, 67 Fire-fighting equipment on vessels using oil as fuel -64-66 Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers 64 Carbon dioxide system requirements 65, 66 Fire extinguishers, sizes and capacities 64, 65 Fire hose with spray nozzle 64 Fixed water spray system requirements 66 Foam smothering system requirements 66 Foam-type fire extinguisher 65 Machinery space protected 64-66 Sand for extinguishing fire 64 Sawdust impregnated with soda 64 Spray nozzle hydrant 64 Fire hose 61, 62, 126 When it may be uncoupled 61, 62 Fire indicating and alarm systems 68, 70 Fire mains, outlets 61 Fire patrolman 86 Fire pipes, water, requirements 62 Fire proof cover for life preserver 32 Page Fire pumps 60-62 Relief valve required 60, 61 Steam 60, 61 Fire-resisting bulkheads 72 Fishing vessels: Lifeboats required 8 Steam, license as master or mate 98, 99 Fixed water spray system requirements 66 Fixtures, electrical, requirements 115, 116 Flame safety lamps: Approval 72 Number required 72 Training of crew in their use 72 Flashing the rays of a searchlight or other blinding light 87 Flashlights and batteries 10, 11 Floats (see also life floats) 50 Floating structures, whistles, locations 126 Foam smothering system requirements 66 Fog bells 118 Fuel tanks on motor lifeboats 13 Fusible plugs, reports by engineers 104, 105 Gas, inert, fire apparatus 59, 60, 64-66 Gas masks: Approval 72 Requirements 72 Training of crew in their use 72 Gears, machinery and wires, guards 127 General rules and regulations, laws, and pilot rules furnished licensed officers 80, 107 Glass lamps 57 Glue, ring life buoys 37, 54 Government life preservers, inspection 34 Grab lines 8, 11, 30, 32, 37, 54 Granulated material, loose, not allowed for life preservers 35 Guards for gears, machinery and wires 127 Guns, line-carrying 38-42, 55 Approval 40 Breech-loading 39 Carriages for guns, numbering 39 Drills by crew 42 Equipment 39, 40 Factory tests and inspection 40 Instructions 42 Manufacturer's statement regarding com- pliance with regulations 40 Muzzle-loading gun 38 Projectiles j 39 Service lines 39-41 Shoulder gun 38, 40-42 Handling of lifeboats and life rafts 27, 49 Hatch covers 86 Hatchets, lifeboat equipment 11 Hawaiian Islands, licensed officers required-- 98 Hearing, examination 76 Hoisting shackles, metallic lifeboats 17 Hooks on lifeboats 17, 19 Hose, fire 61, 62, 126 (G-140) INDEX Page Hulls: Boring to determine soundness 114 Drawings for local inspectors 1 14, 115 Inspection 114 Repairs or alterations 114 Hydrants, fire 61 Illuminating oil, lifeboat equipment 11 Inclining tests 127, 128 Blueprints and specifications submitted to Bureau 127, 128 Data filed in Bureau 128 Reports to local inspectors and shipowners. 128 Requirements 128 Indians, illiterate, professional examination for license as pilot 77 Indorsement of master's or mate's license as pilot 98 Inert-gas fire-extinguishing systems 57, 59, 60, 65, 66 Inflated life preservers, use prohibited 35 Ink must be used for licenses 78 Inspection certificate 114 Inspection and tests for welding on air tanks, lifeboats, and life rafts 15 Inspection of lifeboats when built 14,46 Inspection of life rafts when built 28, 49 Inspection of motor vessels 113 Inspection of steam yachts 130 Inspection of vessels: Airports in hull 128 Authority of inspectors 113 Boilers 125, 126 Buoyant apparatus 32 Civilian nautical school ship 113 Crew accommodations 123 Deadlights 128 Docked for repairs, when 114 Employed or owned by the United States. 113 Entrance of boilers by inspectors, report. _ 126 Examination of outboard shafts 114 Exemption of vessels while laid up or dis- mantled 113 Fixe apparatus, inspection and testing 126 For renewal of certificate of inspection 113 Guards for gears, machinery, and wires re- quired 127 Hulls 113 Increases in passenger allowance 125 Lifeboat disengaging apparatus 128 Lifeboats 27, 47 Master's duty to have all required open- ings closed during navigation 86 Notice to local inspectors of alterations or repairs 114 Reports by local boards 125 Special surveys of unclassed passenger vessels 118-122 Standards for hulls, boilers and machinery. 118 Steam pipes 57, 125, 126 Page Inspection of vessels — Continued. Watertight doors, etc., inspected weekly at sea 83 Inspectors, authority, and duties 113, 125-128 Installations, electrical 115, 116 Installation tests, winches for mechanical davits 6 Investigations and/or hearings, requests for testimony 125 "Joint rule" for examination of fire apparatus and hydrostatic test of boiler 126 Joints, design, in metallic lifeboats, life rafts, air tanks 15 Kapok collars for life preservers: Buoyancy required 33 On cork life preservers 33 On kapok life preservers 35 Tests for buoyancy 33 Kapok life preservers 35, 53 Ladders, embarkation, on passenger vessels. _ 42 Lamp lockers, fire-extinguishing systems 58-60 Lamps : Flame safety 72 Glass, how fitted 57 Signaling, requirements 128 Lane balsa wood life floats 50, 51 Lane decked metallic lifeboat 20, 21 Lantern, lifeboat equipment 11 Launching of lifeboats 26 Laws, general rules and regulations, and pilot rules furnished to licensed offi- cers 80, 107, 108 Lead, deep-sea, when required 126 Licenses, officers: Aids to navigation 80, 108 Applicable laws, uninspected vessels 105 Application for original license 76 Application for renewal of license 78, 79 Carrying of excess steam, cause for suspen- sion or revocation 127 Endorsements attached 78 Endorsement of master or mate as pilot 98 Engineer, assistant: First, motor vessel 102, 103 First, steam vessel 100 Second, motor vessel 103 Second, steam vessel 100 Third, motor vessel 103 Third, steam vessel 101 Uninspected vessel 106, 110, 111 Engineer, chief: Motor vessel 102 Steam vessel 100 Uninspected vessel 106, 110, 111 Engineers: Designation of tonnage of vessel 100, 109 Hawaiian Islands 102 Motor vessels 102, 113 Professional examination 77 403901°— 42- -10 (G-141) INDEX Page Licenses, officers — Continued. Examinations : Engineers 99, 106-108 Master: Coastwise steam or motor vessels 89 Ocean steam or motor vessels 88 Sail vessels 90 Uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Mate: Chief, coastwise steam or motor vessels 95 Chief, ocean steam or motor vessels 91 Second, coastwise steam or motor vessels 96,97 Second, ocean steam or motor vessels. _ 92, 93 Third, coastwise steam or motor ves- sels 98 Third, ocean steam or motor vessels 94 Uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Extension of route or raise in grade, appli- cation and requirements 79 Forms required for engineers' licenses. 99, 100, 106 Limitation on face of license 79, 100, 106, 109 Lost license, certificate 78, 1 09 Making out, preparation 77, 78 Master: Coastwise steam or motor vessels 88, 89 Hawaiian vessels 98 Ocean steam or motor vessels 87 Professional examination required 77 Puerto Rican vessels 98, 99 Sail vessels 90 Steam fishing vessel 98, 99 Steam or motor pilot boats 98, 99 Uninspected vessels 105, 106 Vessels requiring licensed master 84 Yachts 98 Mate: Chief, coastwise steam or motor vessels. 94, 95 Chief, ocean steam or motor vessels 91 Hawaiian vessels 98, 99 Professional examination 77 Puert o Rican vessels 98, 99 Second, coastwise steam or motor vessels. 95, 96 Second, ocean steam or motor vessels 92 Steam fishing vessels 98, 99 Steam or motor pilot boats 98, 99 Third, coastwise steam or motor vessels. 97, 98 Third, ocean steam or motor vessels 93, 94 Uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Misconduct, cause for suspension or revo- cation 80, 81 Motor vessels over 300 gross tons 113 Naturalized citizen, experience on foreign vessels 77 Notice to mariners 80, 108 On vessels owned by the United States 81 Original 75, 76, 106 Citizenship requirements 76, 106 Page Licenses, officers — Continued. Original — Continued. Endorsement of applicant by other licensed officers 76 Engineers 76, 99, 100, 106 Issuance by local inspectors 76 Master 76, 106 Mate 76, 106 Medical examination 76, 106 Written examination 76 Parting with, penalty 78 Persons allowed in pilot house, or on navi- gation bridge, responsibility of master 82 Pilot: Designation of tonnage of vessel, re- moval 79 Endorsement of master's or mate's license 98 Hawaiian vessels 98, 99 Professional examination 77 Puerto Rican vessels 98, 99 Steam fishing vessels 98, 99 Steam or motor pilot boats 98, 99 Preparation by local inspectors 77, 107 Raise of grade: Experience as electrician accepted, engi- neer 101, 104 Licensed officers 79, 106, 107 Medical examination 77 Substituting service in next lower grade. 87 Surrendering of old license 79 Record of examination by local inspectors. 77 Reexamination 77, 107 Refusal 77, 107 Renewal : 77-80, 108 Renewal in a foreign country 79 Reports of accidents 81, 104 Revocation 80, 109 Service on United States lighthouse tenders. 79 Service on United States light vessels 79 Signature of both inspectors required 107, 114 Suspension 80, 109 Tonnage restriction for engineers 100, 109 United States vessels, service or experience. 79 Lif eboatman , certificated 30, 51, 1 05 Lifeboats: Air tanks, specifications 23, 46 Welding 15 Annual inspection 27, 47 Approved 8, 14, 21, 22, 122 Blocks and falls 26, 47 Blueprints 14, 21, 22 Brude 23, 49 Capacity 26 Carrying of lifeboats on passenger vessels. 8, 46 Classes or types 13, 14, 18, 20-26 Coastwise passenger steam vessels 45, 46 Coastwise sail vessels 46 (G-142) INDEX Page Lifeboats — Continued. Construction of metallic lifeboats, class 1A 14-18,46 Construction of wooden lifeboats 18-20,46 Cranes 47 Davits 1-5, 47, 48 Disengaging apparatus 44, 56, 122. 128 Dories 8 Drawings, specifications, and name plate. _ 14, 46 Drills in handling, by ship's crew 27, 83 Drills in running the lifeboat motor 13, 83 Engelhardt 23, 51 Equipment 8-13, 46 Falls 26, 47 Fully equipped before vessel leaves port.. 9 Handling 27,49 How carried 8, 27, 47 Inclosed, Newcomb 23,49 Inspection, annual 27, 49 Inspection of lifeboats on steam yachts 130 Inspection when built 14, 46, 130 Lane 20, 49 Launching, decks of vessels kept clear 26, 49 Life lines fitted to a span between davit heads 7 Lundin 20,49 M'Cotter, Charles R 49 Manning 30, 31, 51, 52 Marking and numbering 26 Material 14, 18 Motor-propelled 7, 12, 25, 27 Name plate 14 Newcomb inclosed 23, 49 On cargo vessels 8, 46 On inspected seagoing barges, 100 gross tons or over 8, 46 On motor vessels 8, 46 On passenger vessels 7, 45, 46 On sail vessels 8, 46 On steam vessels 7, 8, 45, 46 On steam yachts 129 On towing, fishing, and wrecking vessels.. 8 Open, classes 20-22 Open, upper part of sides collapsible 21 Pontoon : Arrangement for clearing of deck of water 22 Capacity limitations and markings on boat 25, 26 Classes 21, 22 Deck area, method for computing 25 Sizes on various classes of vessels 8, 27, 46, 47 Specifications 14 Standard types 13 Stowage or carriage 27 Tests, equivalents and weights for persons. 26, 27 Welding used in construction 15 Winches for mechanical davits 5 Wooden, construction 18-20 Page Life buoys, ring _ __ 36, 37, 53-55 Life floats 31, 50, 51 AB C 50 Cambridge 51 Carley 51 Inspection, testing and marking 51 Lane balsa wood 50 Life lines: Buoyant apparatus 32, 52 Fitted to span between davit heads on pas- senger vessels 7 Lifeboat equipment 8, 11 Life raft equipment 30 Required for airports in hull of passenger vessels 43 Life preservers 32-36, 53 Annual inspection 34, 113 Buoyant material: Balsa wood 33, 35, 36 Cork 33 Kapok 33, 35 Tule sheaves 33 Buoyancy depending on inflation, air com- partments, or loose granulated material prohibited 35 Buoyancy required for adults' type 32 Buoyancy required for children's type 34, 35 Buoyancy tests at annual inspection 34 Construction 32—36 Covers 32 Design 32, 35 Distribution in cabins, staterooms, berths, etc 33 Factory tests 33, 34 Fire-proof cover (Vivatex or equivalent) . _ 32 Inspection by local or assistant inspectors. 34 Kapok 35 Children's and adults' types 35 Design 35 Kapok collar 35 Manufacturer's name and address 35 Manufacturer's affidavit 35 Kapok collar 33, 35 Buoyancy required 33, 35 Tests 33,35 Lifeboat equipment 8, 11 Manufacturer's affidavit 35 Manufacturer's name and address 33, 35 On Government vessels 34 On inspected vessels 32 On sail vessels 46 On steam yachts 130 Posting instructions regarding their loca- tions and use 33, 34 Specifications, blueprints, or drawings required 33 Stitching or sewing used in construction 32, 33 Stowage or distribution 33, 34 Straps 32, 33 (G-143) INDEX Page Life preservers— Continued. Tests for buoyancy 32, 34, 35 Thread 33 Types, "Adults" or "Children" marked on front compartment 35 Vivatex or equivalent for cover 32 Life rafts: Air tanks 15, 28, 49 Annual inspection 29 Approved 27, 29, 122 Capacity and allowance 26, 28-30, 49 Care 29,49 Catamaran tule, construction 50 Catamaran type, construction, metallic 28, 49 Certificated lif eboatmen 30, 5 1 Clark 29, 50 Drawings, specifications, and name plate. _ 27, 49 Equivalents and weights for persons 26 Fully equipped before vessel leaves port_. 9 Handling 27, 49 Inspection when built 28, 49 Kept clear for launching, decks on which carried 26, 49 Launching 27 Manning 30, 31, 51, 52 Materials 27, 28 Name plate 27, 28, 49 On inspected motor vessels 8 On passenger steam vessels 7, 45, 46 On sail vessels - 46 On steam yachts 129 Specifications, drawings, and name plate.. 27, 28, 49 Stowage of equipment 9 Test for air tanks 29, 49 Light, blinding, penalty for flashing the rays. _ 87 Lighthouse tenders, service on, for raise of grade 79 Lighting system, emergency 116 Fire protection required 116 Generator, Diesel or semi-Diesel motor for passenger vessels required 116 Location of generating system 116 Lights, unauthorized, penalty for use 87 Lightships, reports of collisions with 81 Light vessels, service on, for raise of grade. 79 Line, auxiliary, for line-carrying gun_j> 40, 41 Line-carrying guns 38-42, 55 Line, service, line-carrying gun equipment 39, 40 Line-throwing appliances 38-42, 55 Approved 40 Breech-loading guns 39 Drills by ship's crew in use of equipment. _ 42 Equipment necessary 39-41 Factory tests 40 Inspector's report 40 Instructions on placard to be posted 42 Marking or numbering of gun and equip- ment 40 Page Line-throwing appliances — Continued. Materials used in construction 39 Muzzle-loading guns 38 Powder charges 41, 42 Service recommendations for mounted type 41, 42 Service recommendations for shoulder type 42 Shoulder gun 38, 40-42 Types 38 Locker, lifeboat equipment 11 Lockup safety valve for boilers 127 Lookouts on vessels 86 Lost license certificate 78, 109 Lost license, report 78, 109 Loudspeaker systems 84, 85 Design of amplifier system 85 General specifications 85 Limitations on use 85 Locations 84 Outside location requirements 85 Spare parts 85 Type, operation, and installation approved. 85 Weekly operating test 85 Where required 84 Lubricating oil, storage 72 Lundin lifeboat 20, 21, 49 Machinery, examination by engineer 104 Machinery, gears, and wires, guards 127 Machinery spaces, fire extinguishers and fire- extinguishing systems required 64-66 Manning of lifeboats and life rafts 30, 31, 51, 52 Manufacturer's affidavits required 35, 39 Manufacturer's statement in line-carrying gun equipment 40 Marr's process for balsa wood 50, 51 Mast and sails, lifeboat equipment 11 Master: Coastwise steam or motor vessels 88-90 Hawaiian vessels 98, 99 Indorsement as pilot and pilot routes on master's license 98, 99 Ocean steam or motor vessels 87, 88 Pilot steam or motor vessels 98, 99 Professional examination for license 77 Puerto Rican vessels 98, 99 Sail vessels 90 Steam fishing vessels 98, 99 Steam or motor pilot boats 98, 99 Steam or motor yachts 98 Uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 Mate: Chief, coastwise steam or motor vessels 94, 95 Chief, ocean steam or motor vessels 91, 92 Hawaiian vessels 98, 99 Indorsement as pilot and pilot routes on mate's license 98, 99 Pilot steam or motor vessels 98, 99 Professional examination for license 77 (G-144) INDEX Page Mate — Continued. Puerto Rican vessels 98, 99 Second, coastwise steam or motor vessels. _ 95-97 Second, ocean steam or motor vessels 92, 93 Steam fishing vessels 98, 99 Steam or motor pilot boats 98, 99 Uninspected vessels 106, 110, 111 M' Cotter, Charles R., lifeboat 49 Means of escape from steam vessels 43, 56 Mechanical means for lowering 5-7, 26, 27, 49 Medical examination: Masters, mates, and engineers on inspected vessels 76-79 Masters, mates, and engineers on unin- spected vessels 107 Officers of Hawaiian vessels, not required. . 99 Original license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer 76 Raise of grade 77, 107 Renewal of license 77,79, 108 Metallic lifeboats, construction 14-18,46 Misconduct of licensed officers, penalty 80, 81 Motion-picture booths 73, 74 Construction 73 Doors, gravity 73 Electric wiring connections 74 Fire extinguisher required 74 Openings permitted, covers or doors re- quired 73 Motion-picture cabinets for storage of films.. 74 Motion-picture films, handling and stowage. 73, 74 Motion-picture projectors, approved type 74 Motor lifeboat 7, 8, 12, 13, 27, 83 Motor vessels: Bulkheads, watertight 8 Fire-fighting equipment 113 Fire pumps 62 Inspection 113 Lifeboats required 8, 46 Life rafts required 8 Seagoing, over 300 gross tons, requirements. 113 Whistles required 118 Muster lists 82 Muzzle-loading guns, line-carrying 38 Name of vessel on equipment 44, 56 Name or name plate on equipment: Buoyant apparatus 32, 52 Davit arm and frame 4, 48 Fire extinguishers 64 Flashlight batteries 10, 11 Lifeboats 14 Life preservers 33, 35 Life rafts 27, 28 Line-carrying gun and equipment 40 Signal pistol and cartridges 10 Ring life buoys 37, 55 Water lights, self -igniting 38 Winches for mechanical davits 6 Page National Electric Safety Code or National Electric Code, wiring and connections in motion-picture booths 74 Naturalized citizens, licensing 76 Navigator's bridge, persons allowed 82 Newcomb inclosed lifeboat 23,49 New vessels: Blueprints and specifications furnished local inspectors 115 Marking of draft on vessel 115 Notice to local inspectors: Repairs or alterations affecting the safety of a vessel 114 When vessel is in dry dock for repairs or alterations 114 Notice to mariners 80, 108 Notice of location of life preservers 33 Nozzles 60, 64, 66 Oars, lifeboat and life raft equipment.. 8, 11, 12, 30 Officers of vessels owned by United States, licenses 81 Officers, staff, registration 131-135 Oil rooms, fire-extinguishing systems 58-60 Oils, lubricating, stowage 72 Orders, steering 86 Original licenses, masters, mates, pilots, or engineers 75, 76, 106 Oxygen-breathing apparatus 72 Approved 72 Number required 72 Requirements 72 Training of crew in their use 72 Painter 8, 11, 30, 32 Parting with license 78 Passenger allowance on vessels, increase 125 Passenger sail vessels, lifeboats, and life pre- servers required 8, 46 Passenger vessels: Alarm bells required : 84 Automobiles carried, fire precautions and fire-fighting equipment required 62, 63 Classes 1, 45 Davits required 1 1-5, 47-49 Exclusion of certain persons from bridge and pilot house : 82 Fire drills required 82-84 Ladders, embarkation aids 42 Lifeboat drills required 82-84 Lifeboats 7, 8,45,46 Life lines fitted to span davit heads 7 Life rafts 7,45,46 Loudspeaking systems required 84, 85 Mechanical means for lowering 5—7, 49 Motor lifeboats 7 Stairways 43 Watchmen, cabin, and fire patrolmen 86 Patrolmen, fire 86, 87 Patrol systems 67, 87 Permit for increasing passenger allowance 125 (G-145) INDEX Page Permit for proceeding to another port for repairs 114, 115 Persons, equivalents for and weight 26 Pilot: Indian, illiterate, given license 77 Medical examination 76 Original license, requirements 76 Professional examination for license 77 Renewal of license 79, 80 Pilot boats, steam or motor, license for mas- ter, mate, or pilot 98, 99 Pilot house: Flashing the rays of a searchlight or blind- ing light into 87 Persons allowed 82 Pilot rules, laws, general rules and regulations furnished licensed officers 80, 107, 108 Pipes: Bilge 62 Cast iron connections on hull below main deck prohibited 114 Discharge 114 Fire 57-59, 66, 125, 126 Steam, inspection 125, 126 Plugs, lifeboat equipment 8, 11, 18 Pontoon lifeboats 21, 22, 25 Portable fire extinguishers 62-64 Power plants, emergency 72 Preparation of licenses 77, 78, 107 Primers for line-carrying guns 40 Proceeding to another port for repairs, permit required 114, 115 Professional examinations for licenses as officers 79, 106 Projectiles, line-carrying gun equipment.- 39, 41, 42 Propellers, hand operated, lifeboat equip- ment 12 Provisions for lifeboats and life rafts 12, 30 Public Health Service 76, 77, 107 Publications furnished licensed officers 80, 107 Public address systems 84 Public inspection of official documents and records 127 Puerto Rican vessels, license for master, mate or pilot 98,99 Pumps : Bilge 11, 13, 62 Boiler testing 61 "Doctor," equivalent for double-acting steam fire pump 61 Fire, motor vessels 62 Fire, steam vessels 60, 61 Lifeboat equipment 11, 13 Rotary 61 Steam, double-acting 60, 61 Quarters, crew, must be kept in sanitary con- dition 123 Page Radio: Direction-finding apparatus 128 Lifeboat equipment 13 Protection for radio lead-ins 127 Rails required around dangerous places 127 Raise of grade of officer's license 77, 79, 106 Rations for lifeboats and life rafts 12, 30 Recharges: Fire extinguishers, portable 63, 64 Fire-extinguishing systems 63 Recommended practice for electrical installa- tions on shipboard, A. I. E. E. Standards No. 45 116 Receptacles for lifeboat-davit blocks and falls. 26 Records, official, public inspection 127 Reexaminations for licenses 77, 107 Refusal of licenses 77, 107 Registration of staff officers 131-135 Regulations to guard against and extinguish fire reestablished 74 Regulations, pilot rules and laws to be fur- nished to licensed officers 80, 107 Releasing gear 44, 122 Renewal of licenses for officers 78, 108 Repairs : Fire-fighting equipment 122, 123 Lif esaving equipment 1 22, 1 23 Notice to local inspectors required.. 114, 122, 123 Permit to proceed to other ports 114, 115 Report by engineer 104 Reports : Accidents: By engineers 104 By licensed officers 81 By local inspectors 19<5 Failure of lockup safety valve to operate, master's and engineer's report 127 Inspector's, entrance of boilers 126 Inspectors, publication 125 Local inspectors: Annual 126, 127 Appeal cases and results thereof 126 Casualties and investigations 126 Examinations into alleged violations of laws 126 Investigations and decisions by local boards 126 Licenses issued, suspended, revoked, or withheld 126 To supervising inspectors 125 Vessels inspected 126 Violations of law 127 Master's, monthly 84 Repairs by engineers 104 Supervising inspectors: Annual 126, 127 To local inspectors 125 Tabular, vessels inspected, etc., by local boards 126, 127 (G-146) INDEX Page Reports — Continued. Unsafe boiler and machinery, by engineers. 104 Vessels placed on drydock 114 Revocation of license 80, 109 Ring life buoys 36, 37, 53-55 Beckets 37, 54 Buoyancy 36, 53 Buoyant material 37, 54 Covering 37, 54 Distribution 36, 53 Factory inspection 37, 55 Glue 37,54 Grab lines.. 37, 54 Manufacturer's name and address 37, 55 Number required 36, 53, 130 Sewing, stitching 37, 54 Standard type 36, 37, 53-55 Steam yacht, required 130 Stowage 36, 53 Strength required 37, 54 Thread 37, 54 Water light, self-igniting, attached 36, 53 Rotary pumps 61 Rowlocks, lifeboat and life raft equipment. 9, 12, 30 Rudder, lifeboat equipment 12 Rudder indicators, how marked 86 Rules and regulations for licensed officers. _ 80, 107 Rules, pilot, for licensed officers 80, 107 Sail vessels, passenger: Equipment required 8, 46 Lifeboat 8, 46 Life preservers 8, 46 Master's license 90 Sand for fire fighting 64 Sanitary discharge pipes 114 Sanitation for passenger and crew quarters. . 87 Sawdust impregnated with soda for fire fighting 64 Scuppers 114 Sea anchor, lifeboat and life raft equipment. 12, 30 Seagoing barges, lifeboat required 8, 46 Seagoing vessels, definition 113 Searchlight : Flashing the rays into pilot house pro- hibited 87 Motor lifeboat equipment 13 Requirements 13 Seine boat, when may be substituted for life- boat 8 Self-igniting water lights 37, 38, 55 Buoyant apparatus equipment 32 Life raft equipment 30, 38 On ring life buoys, required 36, 53 Service lines, line-carrying gun equipment 39, 40 Service, substituted, in next lower grade for raise of grade 87 Shackles, hoisting 17 Shafts, tail, drawn and examined 114 Ship's medicine chest and first aid at sea 76 Page Shoulder gun, line-carrying 38, 40-42, 55 Equipment 41 Service recommendations 42 Stowage 41 Test 41 Types 40 Vessels on which allowed 38, 40 Signaling lamps 128 Signal pistol: Approved 9 Lifeboat equipment 9 Parachute signal cartridges 9 Stowage 10 Signal pistol outfit: Metal container, watertight 9, 10 Number required 10 Signals: Boat station or boat drills 82 Distress lights for lifeboats and life rafts. . 9, 30 Emergency 83 Fire alarm 82 Parachute signal cartridges 9 Signal pistol outfits 9, 10 Steering orders 86 Telegraph, repetition 118 Signatures of inspectors on certificates of in- spection and licenses 107, 114 Signature of licensee on license 78, 107 Simpson's rule 24 Simultaneous releasing gears 44 Siphons, steam, for use as bilge pipes 62 Smoke-detecting system for cargo spaces on passenger vessels 67-71 Smoke pipe system 71 Sounding apparatus, deep-sea 126 Sounding pipes 62 Spanners, hydrant connections 61 Special surveys of unclassed passenger vessels 1 1 8-1 22 Speaking tube between pilot house and engine room 116, 117 Specifications, copies required 122 Sprinkling system, automatic 71 Alarms 71 Approved 72 Construction requirements 71, 72 Drawings and specifications 72 Motor-driven pump 71 Tanks, requirements 72 Zoning 71 Sprinkling system, water 66, 67 Stability of a vessel, inclining test 127, 128 Stairways on passenger vessels 43 Staff department, manning 131 Staff officers: Purser 131 Registration 131-135 Surgeon 131 (G-147) INDEX Staff officers — Continued. Uniforms 135 Vessels requiring 131 Standard ring life buoys 36, 37, 53-55 Standard types of lifeboats 13 Standards in inspection 118 Station bills, drills, and reports 82-84 Steam fire apparatus 57-61 Steam fire-extinguishing systems 57-59 Steam pipes 57-59, 125, 126 Steam pumps 60, 61 Steam siphons 62 Steam whistles, location 126 Steam yachts 129, 130 Axes, fire 130 Classes 129 Davits or cranes for lifeboats 129 Drawings, specifications, name plates for lifeboats 129 Fire-fighting equipment 130 Fire extinguishers 130 Inspection 130 Lifeboats 129 life preservers 130 Life rafts 129 Steering apparatus, extra 42, 55 Steering gear tests 86 Steering orders 86 Steering wheel, emergency, location 42 Stirling's (Simpson's) rule for calculating capacity of lifeboats 24 Storm oil: Lifeboat equipment 12 Life raft equipment 30 Vessel equipment 43, 56 Straps on life preservers 32, 33 Surveys, special, unclassed passenger vessels. 118— 122 Hull 119-121 Propelling plant 122 Requirements for all surveys 118-122 Suspension of licenses 80, 109, 126 Tanks, air: Buoyant apparatus 31, 52 Construction by welding 15 Lifeboats 15, 23,24,46 Life rafts 15, 28, 29, 49 Tanks, fuel, for motor lifeboats 13 Telegraph: Systems, electrical engine order 118 Wireless, installation, motor lifeboat 13 Telephone systems 117, 118 Testimony, requests 125 Thread: Life preservers 32, 33 Ring life buoys 37, 54 Toilet facilities for crew 123 Towing vessels, lifeboats required 8 Traveler, cable 118 Page Tubes, speaking, between pilot house and engine room 116, 117 Tule, catamaran, life rafts 50 Tule sheaves for life preservers 33 Unauthorized lights, penalty for use 87 Unclassed passenger vessels, special sur- veys 118-122 United States Public Health Service medical examination for licensed officers 76, 107 Valves : Lockup safety 127 Relief, on steam fire pumps 60, 61 Safety 127 Safety, extra, for fire extinguishers 63 Vessels: Application for inspection 113 Docked for repairs or alterations 114 Draft marked on hull 115 Exemption of vessel while laid up or dis- mantled 113 Inspection 113-115 Name on equipment 44 New 115 Owned or employed by the United States, inspection 113 Owned by the United States, licenses to officers thereof 81 Requiring licensed officers 84, 105 Stability or inclining tests 127, 128 Violations of law, reports 126 Visual examinations required for original license 76, 107 Visual examinations required for renewal of license 77, 107 Vivatex for life preservers, fireproof covering. 32 Voice tubes: Installation 116, 117 Requirements and specifications 116, 117 Signals 116, 117 Types 116, 117 Washbasins located in crew sleeping quarters. 123 Watchmen, duties 86, 87 Patrols 86, 87 Reports to the bridge 87 Uniforms 87 Water breakers, lifeboat and life raft equip- ment 9, 12, 30 Water lights, self -igniting: Buoyant apparatus equipment 32 Bureau of Standards test 38 Construction 37, 38 Duration and strength of light 38 Life raft equipment 30,38 Manufacturer's name and address on name plate 38 Markings required 38 On ring life buoys 36, 53 Operation 38 Water pipes, composition 62 (G-148) INDEX Page Water sprinkling systems 66, 67, 71, 72 Watertight transverse bulkheads 42, 43, 55, 56 Welders qualified by the Bureau for davit construction 4, 48 Welding process for sheet metal work 15 Welding specifications: Air tanks 15 Metallic lifeboats 15 Metallic life rafts 15 Sheet metal work 15 Whistles: Inspected motor vessels 118 On floating structures 126 Steam 126 Whistling, unnecessary sounding, prohibited- 86 Winches for mechanical davits 5-7 Approved, type 5 Construction 5 Inspection and shop tests 5, 6 Installation tests 6, 7 Page Winches for mechanical davits — Continued. Name plate 6 Operation 5, 6 Power-driven 6 Shop tests 6 Switch, master or controlling 6 Wireless telegraph installation in motor life- boat 13 Wires, gears, or machinery, guards 127 Wooden lifeboats 18-20, 46 Wrecking vessels, wooden surfboats permitted as lifeboats 8 Yachts, steam 129, 130 Coastwise 129 Fire apparatus 130 Inspection 130 Lifeboats and life rafts 129 Lifesaving appliances required 129, 130 Ocean 129 o (G-149) alii"