TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

LBULLISTIIN NO. 8,

DECEMBER, 1889.

WORK IN IIORTICULTURE.

AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE,

College Station, Brazos County, Texas.

BY ORDER OF THE COUNCIL: F. A. GULLEY, DIRECTOR.

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AUSTIN:
STATE PRINTING OFFICE-
1890 I

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

OFFICERS.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF A. AND M. COLLEGE.

MAJ. A. J. RosE, President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salado.

HoN. L. L. FOSTER, State Com. Agriculture. .Austin.

W. R. CAviTT, Esq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bryan.

DR. J. D. FIELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Manor.

J. ADRIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Columbia».

PRoF. L. L. MQINNIs, Secretary . . . . . _ . _ _Co11ege Station.

EXPERIMENT STATION COUNCIL.

L. L. MoINNIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chairman of Faculty.
T. M. SooTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Agent of the Board.
F. A. GULLEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Director of the Station.

STATION STAFF.

F. A. GULLEY, M. Sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Director.

G. W. CURTIs, M. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agriculturist.

H. H. HARRINGTON, M. Sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chemist.

T. L. BRUNK, B. Sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Horticu1turist.

M. FRANCIS, D. V. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Veterinarian.

W. WIPPREoHT, B. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Chemist.

J. W. CARSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant to Director.

D. ADRIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asst. Chemist and Meteorologist.

J. M. GARSOII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant to Agriculturist.

C. K. FUQUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sugar Chemist.

WORK IN HORTICULTURE.

(January 1, 1890.)

[NoT1~:.—Many 0t my friends who aided in furnishing material for this Bulletin have no doubt wondered why
1t has been so long delayed in coming out. I have received several letters asking about it. My only explanation
is that the manuscript was handed 1n complete December 27, 1889, and has since been in the hands of the college
authorities]

ARTICLE I. Notes on Experimental Vineyard.

ARTICLE II. Experiment and Notes on Strawberries.

ARTICLE III. Notes on Blackberries and Raspberries.

ARTICLE IV. Notes on Grasses.

ARTICLE V. Best Varieties of Fruits for the Different Sections of Texas, with Notes

- from Correspondents.
ARTICLE VI. Lists of Fruits Growing in Experimental Grounds.
ARTICLE VII. List of Forest, Shade, and Ornamental Trees in College Arboretum and
Shrubs Growing on the Campus, with some Notes.

Prefatory Notes and Suggestions for (Jo-operation.

The experimental work in the Department of Horticulture has been in prog-
ress nearly two years, hence most of the work of necessity must be preliminary

and a report must be largely of the progress of the work in the department.

Orchards of many varieties of the difierent kinds of fruits have been set
out, and a report on their growth, with the diseases that have affected them,
is all that can be given at present.

There are many objects and results to be attained in planting these test
orchards. Some of the most important are, (l) to be able in time to discard
worthless varieties; (2) to detect old varieties sold under new names, thus
eliminating this fraud and keeping before the people the authentic names and
the synonomous names of fruits; (3) to test all new varities that may originate
in this State or elsewhere. We believe that with test orchards located in
different parts of the State on the characteristic soils and under the conditions
of the several sections of the State, that no new variety should be purchased
by the public until it has the guarantee of the State Experiment Station
authorities. Thousands of dollars are annually worse than wasted by an
innocent and zealous people in buying new fruits and old ones that have been
tried in entirely different soils and conditions, and often at the solicitation of
unprincipled men. i

Introducers and originators of new fruits are as a rule altogether too hasty
in placing them upon the market, and often, we must say, with a highly
colored description that magnifies their merits beyond reason and often a
possibility. While many through good motives push a new fruit upon the
market, yet we believe that it would be far more patriotic and wise to with-
hold a new variety from an eager buying public till it is thoroughly tested in
the several sections where it is thought it would prove a valuable acquisition,
and has been carefully compared with older varieties that fruit at the same
season, or have qualities that may be found equal or superior to the new one.

There is almost a mania these days for every amateur to thrust something
new upon the market. The result is that there is becoming a great confusion
in names and descriptions, and the lists so long and unwieldly that unprin-
cipled men can the more easily ply their frauds and artful tricks.

It should also be remembered that a fruit tree should be tested eight or
ten years to bring out all the possible qualities or characteristics that are likely
to develop with age.

For the information of those desiring to send us plants or trees for a test,

4 Texas Agricultural Experiment Slalzbn.

we give the minimum number below for a test, as fixed by the Association of
Horticulturists of the Experiment Stations of the United States at their meet-
ing at Columbus, Ohio:

(l) “Minimum number for first trials of frurtsv-Strawberries, twenty-four
plants; raspberries and other bush fruits, six plants; orchard fruits, three
trees. In case a variety is found to be worthy of further tests, the number
can be easily increased by propagation until sufficient plants are obtained for
a thorough and reliable test.

(2) “Minimum number for first trials of vegetabZes.—-Vegetables in drills,
such as roots, peas, etc., fifty feet of row; cabbage, etc., twenty-four plants;
potatoes, twenty-six hills, with not less than two eyes per hill; cucurbits (vines ),
four hills.”

During the month of June all parties having new tree fruits of special
merit should send us a few buds for insertion in our test grounds and on
various stocks.

The Horticulturist is desirous of communicating with parties in all parts of
the State in regard to diseases of plants or trees caused either by parasitic
fungi or insects. We can be greatly aided in this work if interested parties
will send us specimens of diseased parts. Leaves that have any sort of a dead
spot on them are likely to be affected by some fungus disease. It is an easy
matter to pick a few, place in a letter. and forward to us. Diseased fruits
should be selected from those in which the disease has just started or partly
matured. Wrap in paper and send in small box by mail. If branches or
roots are affected, send a portion of the dead part connected with a portion

" of the green living part, in some damp material, wrapped tight in several

thicknesses of paper. All specimens and communications relating to dis-
eased plants, or to experiments or tests in horticultural lines, should be ad-
dressed direct to the Horticulturist.

Acknowledgments are due to several of our horticultural friends for con-
tributions to our collections of trees and fruits, and various courtesies shown
us from time to time. We are indebted to Prof. J. S. Newman, of Alabama
Experiment Station, for sixteen varieties of strawberries; Prof. E. S. Rich-
man, of Arkansas Experiment Station, for thirty-six varieties of strawberries;
Prof. W. H. Bishop, of Maryland Experiment Station, for sending us nine-
teen varieties of strawberries; Prof. Wm. B. Alwood, Virginia Experiment
Station, for eight varieties of strawberries; Prof. B. E. Fernow, of Division
of Foresty at Washington, for several varieties of seedling trees and tree
seeds; J. M. Howell, Dallas, Texas, for a general list of fruits, and forest trees
of fifty varieties, and fifty plants of the Dallas blackberry; H. M. Stringfe1-
low, Hitchcock, Texas, for six Kieffer pears on their own roots, and fifty
plants of Charleston strawberry, and other favors; R. D. Blackshear, Nava-
sota, Texas, for twelve LeConte pear trees on their own roots; J. W. Stuben-
rauch, Mexia, Texas, for two Steward apple trees, one tree each of Muir and
Black freestone peach, and one Statsuma plum tree; J. T. Whitaker, Tyler,
Texas, for twenty new varieties of peach buds; J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Texas,
for ten trees each of four varie ties of maples; C. N. Eley, Smith’s Point,
Texas, for buds of several varieties of nectarines; Hon. J. M. Claiborne. Gal-
veston, Texas, for several fruit trees and shrubs.

We also wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to the following nursery-
men of this State who have shown us‘ courtesies in many ways, and who have
filled long-listed orders at greatly reduced rates: Prof. T. V. Munson, Wm.
Watson, Cr. Onderdonk, W. W. Stell, J. M. Howell, E. W. Kirkpatrick, J. S.

Kerr, N. A. Davis, J. T. Whitaker, A. M. Ramsey 8t Son, B. Drumm 8L Co., .

and J. W. Austin.

Work in Harizkulture. _ 5

For the plates shown in this Bulletin we are under obligations to Prof. B.
T. Galloway, of Section of Vegetable Pathology at Washington. Especial
credit is due my assistant, Mr. H. S. Jennings, for much painstaking work
in compiling the facts, and in preparing the tables of this Bulletin; also to
Mr. H. N ess, while a senior student, for the careful and faithful work of pick-
ing and weighing the berries in the strawberry tests.

Article L-Notes on Experimental Vineyard.

The experimental vineyard is located on a gentle southeastern slope, having
a. grayish-black soil about eight to ten inches deep, underlaid with a sticky
bluish clay that formed “hog wallows” before we trench plowed it. These
“hog wallows,” as they are locally termed, are the hollow places between the
crests of waves or undulations of the clay. Deep trench plowing cuts off the
crests of these waves and commingles them with soil underneath, making it
nearly uniform. The soil is underdrained by tile, and is fairly fertile. The
vines were well rooted when received, and set March 29, 1888, with the ex-
ception of several set March 10, 1889. The soil was well cultivated during

the growing season of each year, and vines allowed to grow as they pleased the ‘

first summer. During the winter of 1888 the vines were pruned back to one
stock of four buds; of these but two were allowed to continue their growth
during the second summer. They were tied and twisted to a wire trellis
consisting of posts every 20 feet, and three wires. the first 20 inches from
the ground, and the second and third were placed so that the three are 18

inches apart. No. l2 wire was used, although No. l0 would be better, as ~

No. l2 is rather too light. After rubbing off in the spring all but the two
best shoots, they were allowed to have full freedom in their growth. All but
a very few of the vines, as shown below, made a splendid growth, several
sending out branches over twenty feet long with many strong laterals. But

very few bunches of berries were allowed to ripen. All the diseases and the .

most destructive insects that attack the grape were noted, as shown below.
The common name is used in the notes below in each case to distinguish the
several diseases. They have the following botanical names:

Downy Mildew, Peronospora viticola, B. 8L C.

Powdery Mildew, (fncinula spiralis, B. 3L C.

Black Rot, Loestadzkt Bidwellivl. Viala and Ravaz.

Grape Leaf Blight, flladosporium viticolum, Viala.

Leaf Spot Disease, Phyllostvlcta Labruscoe, Thum.

Anthracnose, Sphaceloma ampelinum, DeB.

In order to encourage the study of these microscopic agents of disease, and
enable the vineyardist to successfully prevent them, I will here append a few
descriptions of the diseases, together with an actual specimen of two of the
most common species, as found in envelopes on last page of this Bulletin, and
give some of the best remedies or preventives now in use.

DOWNY MILDEW, BROWN AND GRAY ROT.

All of the above names apply to a disease caused by Peronospora viticola,
which grows and develops upon the inside of the grape leaf or berry, and
appearing as a downy mildew upon the_under side of the leaves, a brown rot
upon ripe berries, and a gray rot upon young fruit.

Leaves affected with Downy Mildew show upon their upper surface yellow-
ish or light brown irregular spots,* which have on the opposite side a downy

*See specimen in envelope on last page.

l

6 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

whitish growth. These frost-like patches after a heavy rain or in advanced
stages of the disease disappear, leaving in their places light brown discolora-

tions, corresponding in size and shape with those on the upper side.

In the Brown Rot of the mature berries there are at first purplish brown
discolorations, which soon cause the entire berry to turn brown, the pulp be-
comes soft and often shrinks, forming depressions, over which the wrinkled
yet otherwise smooth and unbroken skin is stretched. There are no external
black points as in Black Rot.

In Gray Rot the berries and often the pedicel are covered with a frost-like
growth similar to that which occurs on the under side of the leaves.

I notice that this disease is more abundant on leaves and berries near the
ground, where the wind cannot reach them, or where they are covered over
by leaves above. This would indicate that it would be best to train higher
on the trellis, and that the fruit should not be shaded too much; that the rows
should not be so crowded together as not to allow a free access of air. They
should be at least eleven feet apart. For preventive, see under head of Black
Rot.

POWDERY MILDEW.

(Uncinula spiralvjs.)
This mildew usually appears toward the middle of summer and continues
till frost or the leaves fall. It attacks the leaves, young shoots, and fruit,

covering the leaves mostly on the upper surface with patches of white delicate ~

spider web-like growth, upon which occurs small mealy-like bodies, which in
late fall turn to small black specks. The fruit afiected with the Powdery
Mildew shows on the surface a coating of whitish meal-like dust; this rapidly
increases in thickness, and soon the berries shrivel and the skin cracks,
admitting other agents of decay. We found but few cases of this disease,

‘although the season was quite favorable to it. A Golden Chasselas we have

growing in the greenhouse took on this mildew quite badly this fall, causing
all the leaves to drop, but the leaves or berries in early summer were perfectly
healthy. The perithecia were present on both outdoor and indoor vines.

REMEDY.-(a)* Make a simple solution of T}; to 1 ounce of liver of sulphur
(sulphide of potassium) to 1 gallon of warm water. Apply while fresh and
early in morning with a Vermorel nozzle and machine or Eureka spraying
machine. This preparation is very cheap and does not blemish the ripe
clusters as they are by flowers of sulphur. Four gallons of water and 2 ounces
of the sulphate of potassium will spray 250 vines. This remedy is also good
for mildew on roses, orange leaf scab, celery leaf blight, and mildew in green-
houses.

(b)f Boil 3 pounds each of flowers of sulphur and lime in 6 gallons of
water until reduced to 2 gallons; when settled pour off the clear liquid and
bottle it. When used mix 1 part of the clear liquid in 100 parts water and
spray as directed above. About three applications two weeks apart of either
of above preparations will be found to kill the mildew.

BLACK ROT.
(Loestadzkt Bddwellzvl.)

This disease is confined to the leaves and fruit. Upon the former it
usually appears about ten days before the fruit is attacked, and manifests

 

* Report of Chief of Section of Veg. Pathology for 1888, p. 333.
1’ Circular No. 5, Section Veg. Pathology, p. 8.

W 01% in Horticulfure. 7

itself in the form of reddish brown more or less circular spots. As the
disease progresses the spots run together, forming large irregular shaped
blotches; at the same time there appear, scattered over the surface, numerous
minute black specks. The berries when first attacked by this fungus show
at one or more points upon their surface small brownish more or less circular
spots. These rapidly enlarge, and soon the rest of the berry turns brown,
while the part first attacked assumes a blackish hue. Minute black pimples
soon appear scattered irregularly over the surface, and finally the berry
withers, turns black and dries up, and as a rule remains firmly attached to the
stalk. There were a few cases noticed of this disease, but comparatively it was
not abundant in this section. In East Texas it was quite prevalent, destroy-
ing nearly the whole crop of the Harwood, Pocklington, Prentiss, Delaware,
Triumph, Goethe, Black Eagle, and Herbemont. Several varieties in this
part of the State, however, withstood the ravages of the disease very well for
such a favorable season for its rapid development. Such are the Concord,
Hartford’s Prolific, Catawba, Champion, and Early Victor.

TRIJATMENT.-—The treatment of Black Rot and Downy Mildew must both
be in the nature of a preventive and not remedial, as they are both parasites
that grow upon the inside of the host plant and cannot be reached by any
remedy when once they gain an entrance The myriads of spores that lodge
upon the vines and trellis, and that remain upon and in the dead leaves on
the ground beneath, can be destroyed and thus prevented from germinating
and starting the disease. For this purpose two solutions are used with best
results; one to apply before vegetation starts, and the other to apply to the
leaves which are too tender to stand a solution as strong as the one applied
to the canes. Hence the following: '

Bordeaux Mixtu¢es.—-(a)* For canes and trellis before vegetation starts:
Dissolve 16 pounds of sulphate of copper in 22 gallons of warm water; in
another wooden vessel slake 30 pounds of fresh lime in 6 gallons of water.
When the lime has cooled, pour it slowly into the copper solution, taking
care to mix the fluids thoroughly by constant stirring.

(b) To spray the young green partsabout 10 days before the flowers open,
again when opening, and once every three weeks thereafter until the fruit
begins to color. use the following mixture:

Sulphate of copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 pounds in 16 gallons of water.
Fresh lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 pounds in 6 gallons of water.

Mix as directed for above mixture.

It is best to make it several hours before using.

Use in all cases wooden vessels, and pumps and nozzles made of brass.

Simple Solution of Copperffi-A simple solution of 1 pound of sulphate
of copper in 25 gallons of water is much easier prepared, and according to
report of Prof. B. T. Galloway, of Division of Vegetable Pathology, will
doubtless prove as eflicacious as mixture (a) above for spraying the vines
before the leaves appear.

Eau C6Z68i6.‘l——-ThlS fungicide has been found almost as good a preventive
as the Bordeaux mixture. It being more easily made and applied, it was
thought best to add the two processes of making it:

(a) Dissolve 1 pound of sulphate of copper in 2 gallons of hot water; when
‘completely dissolved and cooled add L21- pints of commercial ammonia. When
ready to use dilute to 22 gallons.

(b) Dissolve 2 pounds of sulphate of copper in 2 gallons of hot water; in

 

* Circular No. 6, Section of Vegetable Pathology, Department of Agriculture.
JyCircular No. 5, Section Vegetable Pathology, Dept. Agr.

8 . Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

another vessel dissolve 2% pounds of carbonate of soda; mix the two solutions,
and when all chemical reaction has ceased add 131- pints of ammonia, and
then dilute to 22 gallons.

These mixtures are to be applied as often as the Bordeaux mixtures, and the»

same time of year. They are efficacious in treating Downy Mildew, Black
Rot, and Anthracnose. Besides these applications of fungicides, every pre-
caution should be taken to remove the infectious material in the vineyard.
All old leaves, trimmings of vines, _and rotten berries should be carefully col-
lected in fall or winter and burned. For applying the above fungicides,
spraying pumps with improved Vermorel or (Iyclone nozzle is best, and even
necessary for the Bordeaux mixtures. The Eureka sprayer, made at Vine-
land, New Jersey, by Adam Weaber, is an admirable machine, and costs
about $20.60, including nozzle and fittings. The improved Vermorel nozzle,
which may be attached to any force pump, are manufactured and sold by
Thomas Somerville 8t Son, of Washington, D. C, at the retail price of $1.50
each or $15 per dozen. Good pumps suitable for vineyard use are also manu~
factured by the Nixon Nozzle and Machine Company, of Dayton, Ohio.
With the Eureka sprayer carried on the back knapsack fashion, a man can
spray from five to six acres of vines per day, and the cost of treating an acre
in an average season with Bordeaux mixture, as indicated above, need not ex-
ceed $12. By the bagging system the bags alone will cost over $20 per acre.
Mr. Wm. Hagemann, of New Ulm, Texas, sprayed two acres of three year old
Herbemont vines during the spring of 1889 with the Bordeaux mixture.
One acre he began spraying a week before blooming, and continued spraying
after every rain, or once about every three weeks, till within a month of the
time of ripening. From this acre he states he gathered nine-tenths, or nearly
a full crop. The other acre was sprayed but twice during the fruiting period,
and got from it about two-fifths crop. All the rest of his large vineyard was
a total failure. His spraying was done with a common brass cotton syringe
or hydronette, using the nozzle having but a single opening by simply placing’
a plug in the opening with a small slit to one side, so as to allow but a small
stream to escape in a fine spray. This experience is valuable because it proves
the efficiency of the Bordeaux mixture applied even with poor apparatus.

Prof. T. V. Munson states in his experiments of 1887* “that if the Bordeaux
mixture be sprayed thoroughly over the vines in spring before they leaf out,
and over the posts everywhere, also a spray over the ground, then again
when fruit is not over one-third grown, during cloudy weather or when dew
is on, that benefit will most likely be the result.”

GRAPE LEAF BLIGHT.
(Cladosporiu-m viticolum.)

‘While this disease occurs on many varieties of the Labrusca family, yet its
ravages are greatest upon members of the Riparia family. It occurs on both

' sides of the leaf, the same spot showing on both surfaces’; The spots thickly
cover the leaf, and are rounded or irregular and brown, and vary from one-l

twenty-fourth to one-eighth of an inch in diameter, with a dark colored mar»
gin. On the under side of the leaf on these spots can be seen with a pocket
lens numerous projecting hair-like points. These are the club-shaped spores,

having from three to thirteen cells. As the disease progresses the tissues of‘

the leaf near the spots become affected, changing to a pale green or yellow,

and finally the whole leaf perishes. This “blight” may cause considerable

 

*Bulletin No. 5, Section of Vegetable Pathology, p. 27.
{See specimen in envelope on last page.

Work 2'12 Horticulture. 9

damage to the foliage if the season is a wet one, but is not known to affect the
berries.

TREATMENT.——N o experiments have yet been tried to prevent this disease,
but, as the spores are formed much like those of the Downy Mildew,'it could
no doubt be treated with the same preparations as recommended above for
that disease. But as the spores live over winter, and are even developed in
the spring on old leaves that have lain on the ground over winter,* it shows
the importance of destroying the old leaves in the fall.

LEAF SPOT DISEASE.
(Phyllostica Labruscoe.)

This parasite makes its appearance just before and during the flowering
period. It attacked the Mustang (Vitals Uandtcans) last spring quite severely
during the blooming period. It attacks so far as observed only the leaves,
which when abundant it kills and thus stunts the vine. The diseased spots
are conspicious for being large and having a circular outline varying from ~51;
to gl of an inch in diameter, and for having aclear light reddish brown color,
sharply defined by a narrow and darker colored border. If closely examined.
there will be seen rings of minute black points, which are the perithecia or
spore cases which are pushed up from the mycelium beneath the skin of the
leaf. It is probable that this fungus lives through the winter in the affected
leaves, and in the spring produces some sort of spore that continues the
reproduction of the disease. The same conditions which favor the develop-
ment of the Downy Mildew and the Black Rot also favor the Leaf Spot
disease, but the injury inflicted by the Leaf Spot disease is by I o means as
great as that occasioned by either of the first named.

TREATMENT.—-N o preventives or remedies are known, but it is very probable
that the treatment advocated for Downy Mildew or Black Rot will limit its
development.

ANTHRACNOSE.
(Sphaceloma- ampelinunzv.)

This disease has been quite prevalent here on the Black Spanish or Lenoir
grape. It attacks the young growing shoots and leaves, distorting them into
characteristic ill-shapes. On the canes there appear dark elongated sunken
spots which are often so numerous as to almost eat off the shoots, and on the
leaves there are minute dark brownish spots scattered over the whole surface
of diseased portions. ln time the spots grow larger, turn gray in the center
and finally separate from the healthy portions of the leaf, making the leaf
full of small ragged edged holes.

On the fruit it first appears as a black or brownish circular spot with a
darker rim. As they increase in size the color changes. The rim remains
dark brown, while just inside it takeson. a beautiful red or vermilion color,
which surrounds a gray or nearly white center. The tissues do not become
softened, but slowly sink and become hard and leathery; the remainder of
the berry remains plump.“

This is a very severe disease, and should be carefully held in check.

TREATMENT.—It occurs most on undrained lands and where fertilizers have
been used too freely, hence it would be well to drain the vineyard and use
caution in applying too much fresh manure.

We applied the Bordeaux mixture here this season to Black Spanish vines

*Journal of Mycology, vol. 5, No. 2, p. 93.

1O Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

and obtained nearly a full crop of fruit. The first application was made
before the buds opened March 5; a second was made April 11, and a third
May 10. The solution was prepared as formula (b) under Black Rot above,
and applied with the Eureka sprayer. I believe this one of the best preven-
tives.

A simple solution of sulphate of iron, 4 to 8 pounds to the gallon, or a 50
per cent solution, forms a good wash for the vines, to be applied before
growth in early spring. It can be applied with a large sponge fastened to
the end of a stick or with an ordinary mop.

NOTES ON GRAPES IN TEST VINEYARDS.

In this vineyard there are but two vines of each variety.

ROW B.

1 and 2. HighZand.—Started out in the spring with a strong growth and
but little disease, and produced one large perfect bunch. By fall it had made
a medium growth; first leaves all gone from the attacks of Downy Mildew
and Leaf Roller.

3 and 4. Black Eagle-in the spring a little Spot Disease. Few grapes
produced. In the fall had produced a 13-foot growth, and most of the first
leaves remained, though attacked to some extent by Powdery Mildew, Leaf
Blight, and Leaf Roller.

At Tyler many leaves taken ofi, and fruit a perfect-failure from the effects
of Black Rot and Spot Disease.

5 and 6. Barry.—Very heavy growth. By fall 18 feet; the spring leaves
all gone from severe attacks of the Leaf Roller; also some Downy Mildew
and Black Rot.

7 and 8. WiZder.——In the spring slightly attacked by Powdery Mildew.
A 21-foot growth by fall; all the spring leaves taken off by Leaf Roller.
Some Downy Mildew on second growth.

9 and 10. Merrimac.—A strong growth, with but little disease. Had
grown to 18 feet by fall; defoliated by Leaf Roller. Considerable Downy
Mildew.

11 and 12. Agawam.—-Made a splendid growth in spring; a slight amount
of Anthracnose. In the fall an 18-foot growth; defoliated by Leaf R01 er.
Some Downy Mildew.

At Pilot Point it was affected by Downy Mildew so badly as to lose all its
leaves and fruit.

13 and 14. Brighton.—-A heavy growth with few bunches. By fall a 12-
foot growth with many branches; defoliated by Leaf Roller and Downy
Mildew.

15 and l6. LindZey.——A heavy growth in spring; healthy, but some An-
thracnose. A 23-foot growth by fall; defoliated by Leaf Roller.

17 and 18. Salami-Made a medium growth in spring, and showed no
disease. By fall a rather light 15-foot growth; not quite defoliated by Roller.
Some Black Rot and Powdery Mildew. a

19 and 20. Goethe.-Spring growth heavy; no disease. Produced several

bunches of fruit. In fall showed a 22-foot growth; attacked by some Black

Rot and Downy Mildew; considerably damaged also by Roller, but many
leaves remained.

At Pilot Point rotted a little, but made a fair crop.

At Tyler affected considerably by Black Rot. Injured also by Thrips and
Leaf Roller. Vines looked bad; grapes about one-half rotted.

Wmné 2'12 Horticulture. 11

At Melissa rotted considerably.

21 and 22. DuCh'6$$.-——.A_ very heavy spring growth. Some Anthracnose.
Several bunches of berries produced, which were taken by Black Rot. Wood
very heavy in fall; branches at base 1 inch in diameter; much branched;
greatest length only 12 feet. Some Anthracnose; first leaves nearly all re-
mained.

23 and 24. Jeflersova-Spring growth below medium, with no disease.
No berries produced. In fall had made a light 8-foot growth; defoliated by
Roller; Downy Mildew very severe.

25 and 26. Lady Washington.—(}rowth in spring below medium; no dis-
ease. Several bunches produced. In fall a light growth, not over 8 feet.
Nearly defoliated by Roller. No mildew.

Does well at Hitchcock.

27 and 28. Niagarcw-A fine, healthy, heavy spring growth; only four
berries produced. Had produced an 18-foot growth by fall, and a few second
crop berries. Considerable Leaf Blight, and much damage done by Roller,
but many leaves left.

At Tyler considerable Downy Mildew and some Black Rot.

29 and 30. Early Victovc-In spring a fine medium growth, with a small
amount of Anthracnose. Two small bunches produced; also some second
crop. 1n fall a 16-foot growth; Leaf Blight and Roller at work, but vines
not entirely defoliated

At Tyler many leaves destroyed by Black Rot. Considerable Downy Mil-
dew, but makes a good reliable variety for that section of Texas.

31 and 32. Moorele _E'arZy.—Spring growth below medium; leaves leathery,
healthy. Three or four bunches of berries. By fall 10-foot growth; lighter
than Early Victor. Considerable Leaf Blight and Roller, but not so bad as
others in Labrusca family; not defoliated.

At Tyler some Black Rot; few insects, but makes a sure crop every season.

Does well at Hitchcock.

33 and 34. Worden.——Spring growth medium or rather below; no disease.
Few berries. By fall the growth was about l2 feet, with but few branches;
heavier than Moore’s Early. Considerable Roller, but not defoliated.

35 and 36. UZster.—Set out March 10, 1889. One dead. in fall; the other

had produced a light, healthy growth; affected a little by Leaf Blight, and
badly by Roller.

|  Co

1 and 2. Cottage.-'—Spring growth medium, vigorous. No disease. Pro-

; duced one small bunch. Growth by fall 9 feet; below medium. Consider-
Egable Leaf Blight and Roller, but not totally defoliated.
 3 and 4. Harzyord Prolgfic. In spring a medium growth; severely at-
tacked by Downy Mildew. N o berries produced. By fall a 10-foot growth,
below medium; affected by Leaf Blight slightly, and much by Downy Mil?
dew; partially defoliated by Roller.

At Tyler a small amount of Black Rot, and l0 per cent affected by Downy
Mildew. Thrips and Leaf Roller rather bad also, although makes a good
crop in East Texas.

5 and 6. IsabeZZa.--A heavy growth in spring, with a little Anthracnose.
Produced three bunches. ‘By fall had made a 20-foot growth; affected to
some extent by Spot Disease and Anthracnose, and considerably by Leaf
Blight. Nearly defoliated by Roller.

At Melissa some Leaf Spot and slight Black Rot. Thrips abundant, yet
considerable fruit. '

12 - Texas Agricultural Experimmz‘ Slatzbn.

7 and 8. Vergennes.—Made a medium growth in spring; afiected slightly
by Anthracnose and Spot Disease. One small bunch of berries. In fall
showed a medium growth of l4 feet; defoliated by Roller and Downy Mildew.

9 and l0. loath-Spring growth medium, healthy. No berries. Growth
by fall 11 feet; below medium. Some Anthracnose and much Downy Mil-
dew; defoliated by Roller.

11 and 12. Diana-In spring one vine was dead; the other produced a
heavy growth; some Anthracnose. But few berries. Growth by fall 15
feet, strong, heavy. Some Anthracnose and Downy Mildew; nearly defoli-
ated by Rollei.

13 and 14. P0clcZz'n.gton.--Growth in spring medium; healthy. Produced
three or four berries. By fall a medium growth of 12 feet. Leaves thick,
leathery; much Leaf Blight; considerable damage from Roller, but not en-
tirely defoliated.

At Tyler over half the berries spoiled by Black Rot. No other disease.
Not valuable for East Texas.

15 and 16. Lady.-One vine dead in spring; the other produced a healthy
growth, below medium One bunch of berries. Growth by fall light; much
Leaf Blight; damaged by Roller, but not entirely defoliated.

At Tyler considerably affected by Black Rot; but few insects. Makes a
fine crop.

17 and 18. Martha.-—-Spring growth healthy, medium. Two small bunches
of berries. By fall a strong 12-foot growth; considerable Leaf Blight, the
only disease. Slight damage by Leaf Roller; but little loss of leaves. Quite
healthy.

19 and 20. Prentvlss.—Strong medium growth in spring; a little Spot Dis-
ease. No berries. In fall showed a vigorous growth, above medium; de-
foliated by Downy Mildew and Leaf Roller.

At Tyler defoliated by severe attacks of Downy Mildew and Black Rot;
berries nearly half ruined by the same. Considerable numbers of Leaf Rollers
and Thrips. _

21 and 22. Perlaivzs.—In spring a strong healthy growth, above medium.
Few berries. Growth by fall about 20 feet; not much branched. Consider-
able Leaf Blight and Roller; nearly defoliated.

23. [ves.—Spring growth medium, healthy; no berries. In fall quite
healthy; some Leaf Blight, and considerable Roller.

Does well at Pilot Point and Dallas; fourth best here in health.

24. Catawba.—-Made a medium growth in spring; some Anthracnose.
No fruit. Growth by fall medium, about 12 feet. Some Leaf Blight; con-
siderable Roller.

At Tyler Downy Mildew very severe; about 60 per cent of the leaves
dropped. Considerable Black Rot. Fruit over half rotted this past season,
but other seasons makes a heavy crop. ,

25. Trz'umph.-Strong growth in spring; considerable Anthracnose. Pro-
duced two large bunches. Growth in fall 11 feet; strong, vigorous; about
the same as Niagara. Some Downy Mildew and Anthracnose. ~

At Tyler whole crop ruined by Black Rot. Vines badly used up by An-
thracnose. Many Thrips.-

Does well at Hitchcock.

At Pilot Point rots badly. _

26. Champiovt-Strong growth, with a little Anthracnose and Spot Dis-
ease in spring. One bunch. In fall a heavy growth of 13 feet; slight Leaf
Blight and Roller. Many leaves remaining.

Work in Horticulture. I 13

At Tyler some Black Rot and considerable Downy Mildew. Many Thrips
and Leaf Rollers, but on the whole did well.

Does well at Brenham and Hempstead. .

29 and 30. Waltevx-Set out March 10, 1889. By fall had made a light
growth; somewhat affected by Downy Mildew and Leaf Blight.

31 and 32. Progresa-Set out in March, 1889. Growth by fall strong and
vigorous; 8 feet. Some Leaf Blight and Roller; considerable Downy Mildew.

33 and 34. Golden Gem-Set out March 10, 1889. In fall one was

 dead; the other had produced a very small growth.

35 and 36. lzmpire State-Set out March 10, 1889. By fall a light

 growth; somewhat affected by Leaf Blight and Roller Powdery Mildew
 abundant.

Does well at Hitchcock.
37 and 38. Excelsiova-Set out Marcll, 1889. In fall one dead; the othel

 produced a small growth; defoliated by Leaf Blight and Roller.

ROW D.

y 2. Othello-Spring growth vigorous; small amount of Spot Disease;
A leaves also have light spots, said to be caused by lack of lime. Produced a
Lfew full bunches; berries large. By fall, a vigorous heavy growth of l2 feet;
Jnuch branched. Defoliated by Downy Mildew; young growths covered
7 with it. No evidenceof Roller. '

i, 3 and 4. Cornucopz'a.-A large heavy growth in spring; slight Spot
 Disease. Several bunches; berries small. Showed in fall a very rank
“growth of 18 feet, exceeding that of Herbemont, close by. Very little
Downy Mildew, though standing next to Othello. No Roller, but Leaf
Blighthad taken off many leaves.

5 and 6. Brant-Spring growth above medium, but weak, and badly
iseased with Anthracnose. No fruit. In fall showed a medium growth of 12
eet, rather weak and nearly destitute of branches, the result of losing nearly
j its leaves by Anthracnose and Leaf Blight. Considerable Downy Mildew
 observed also, but no Roller.

 7 and 8. NaomzL-Growth in spring not very vigorous; leaves seemed
eak. Some Spot Disease and Erinose were observed. No fruit. Growth
f ll feet observed in fall was weak and slim; stems remaining about the
t: me size nearly to the top. Defoliated by Downy Mildew.

 9 and 10. UZz'nt0n.-—Made a heavy growth in spring, out was severely
 tacked by Leaf Blight and considerably by Anthracnose. But few berries.
‘owed in fall a strong vigorous branching growth of 16 feet. No Leaf
ller and little Downy Mildew, but almost entirely defoliated by Leaf Blight.
 ll and 12. Bacchus.--A heavy spring growth, but with considerable Leaf
l ' Produced but few berries. In fall, the growth was about equal to
at of Clinton and much like it. Nearly defoliated by Leaf Blight, but not
Qbad as on Clinton. Some Downy Mildew also, but no Roller. -

I ji_,13 and l4. Black PearZ.—Spring growth small and weak; very severely
tacked by Downy Mildew. By fall showed a perfect failure; growth of 2
zjfv 3 feet. Downy Mildew exceedingly bad; worse than on any other in the
neyard. No Roller, as Downy Mildew kept ahead of it.

l 15 and 16. Montefiore.-—In spring one was dead; the other showed a me-
A], healthy growth. Few- berries produced. In fall a medium growth of
 r feet. Nearly defoliated by Downy Mildew and Leaf Blight. Some Black
it, Leaves not so badly affected where protected by another vine.

;l7 and 18. Ambevx-Spring growth strong and healthy; very little Spot
fsease and Leaf Blight. A l7 -foot growth in the fall; much like Clinton,

 
  
  
 
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
 
  
  
   
  
   
    
   
 

14 Texas Agrzku/Zural Experiment Slatzbn.

Leaves nearly all ready to drop from severe attack of Downy Mildew and’

Leaf Blight. Very little Leaf Roller.

19 and 20. EZvira.-—Spring growth strong and vigorous; little Anthrac- 
nose. No berries. In fall a medium growth of about 14 feet. Much like

Clinton in leaf; nearly defoliated byLeaf Blight and Roller.

21 and 22. Etta.—-Growth in spring above medium; no disease. But
little fruit. In fall a strong well branched growth of 12 feet; badly affected j
by Leaf Blight, though not so much as Clinton and Bacchus. Affected by a
Roller a little; some “ Thrips” and Erinose, but many leaves remained. N o~

Downy Mildew.

23 and 24. Nadir-Spring growth similar to Etta, but berries larger.
Some Anthracnose. By fall had produced a medium growth of 11 feet.
Considerably affected by Anthracnose, Leaf Blight; Downy Mildew, and the
Leaf Roller.

25 and 26. Yransparenzi-{lrrowth in spring rather light, with considerable.
Leaf Blight, which was increased in the fall. A very light, poor growth of
8 feet shown at that time; no branches, and badly affected by Leaf Roller.
Not to be recommended.

27 and 28. Pearl-A heavy spring growth with no disease. Berries few,
medium sized. In fall showed a growth above medium, about 16 feet. Nearly
defoliated by Leaf Blight, Downy Mildew, and Roller.

29 and30. UhZand.——Strong growth in spring, with a very little Anthrac-
nose. A medium growth of 14 feet in the fall, with strong stems and few
branches. Nearly defoliated by severe attacks of Leaf Blight and lighter at-
tacks of Anthracnose and Leaf Roller.

31. DeZaware.——Strong growth in spring; no disease. Produced no ber-
ries. By fall a medium growth of 10 feet; nearly defoliated by Leaf Blight
and Downy Mildew. ’

At Pilot Point second only to Gynthiana.

ROW E.

1, 2, and 3. Herbemont.-In fall a heavy growth much like that of Cyn-
thiana and N orton’s Virginia. Some Downy Mildew, Black Rot, and Leaf
Blight, but leaves mostly all remained. .

At Tyler Spot Disease on about 40 per cent of the leaves; Downy Mildew
on about 2O per cent. Nearly the whole crop rotted by Black Rot. Some
Thrips; few Leaf Rollers. Makes a heavy crop in this section some years.

Does well at Hitchcock; not at Pilot Point.

4 and 5. Cunnz7ngham.-One dead; the other made a strong growth, and
showed considerable Anthracnose. In fall much Downy Mildew, Anthrac-
nose, and Leaf Roller; more affected than Louisiana.

6 and 7. Louisiana.—-One dead; the other started out with a strong vigor-
ous growth, but showed considerable Anthracnose. By fall, had made a heavy
growth, strongly branched. Many leaves fallen from attacks of Anthracnose
and Leaf Blight. No Roller.

8 and 9.. Black JuZy.——Set out in March, 1889. When observed in spring
it was doing well and without disease. In fall it had made a fair growth of
4 feet, and well branched. Some Leaf Blight and considerable Downy Mil-
dew, but not so much as in Lenoir. No Leaf Roller.

10 and 11. Lenoir or Black Spanish-Set out in March, 1889. Consider-
able Anthracnose appeared in the spring, which continued through the season.
By fall had made a small growth of 3 feet, unbranched. Much Downy Mil-
dew and some Anthracnose.

Does well at Hitchcock.

 

W 010% in Horfzkulture. 15

   

~ Some old vines of this variety are growing here and make from 20 to 25
~, feet growths every year, and bear heavily, but for the last two springs have
 been heavily attacked by Anthracnose. See page 0n spraying with Bor-
 deaux mixture.

 12 and 13. Uyvzthianar-Made a heavy, healthy growth in spring, which
 continued throughout the season, showing many branches in the fall. Con-
t? siderable Downy Mildew, but scattered and mostly about the edges of the
%leaves.

At Pilot Point does best of all; never fails to bear heavy crops. ,

, 14and 15. Nortonls Virgmicu-Produced a heavy growth in spring, con-
 tinuing throughout the season. Appearance in fall about the same as Cyn-
pgthiana as regards growth and disease.

i At Pilot Point, does finely, but must be sacked; third best here in health.
5r A 16 and 17. EZsz'nbu¢g.--Growth in spring small and weak; very severely
iiattacked by Downy Mildew, which by fall had stunted the growth to 3 feet.
7;Worthless.

 18 and 19. Hermann.--Growth in spring vigorous and healthy; no disease
appearing during the yvhole season. In the fall there was some Roller, but
“the leaves all remained on. This is the healthiest vine in our vineyard.

, 33 and 34. Cr0t0n.—Set out March, 1889. Showed in the fall a splendid
growth for the first year. No Roller; considerable Downy Mildew.

1 35 and 36. Berkmavzs.——set out in March, 1889. By fall had made a fair
1 owth of 4 feet; somewhat affected by Downy Mildew and Black Rot. No
A ; eaf Roller.

 At Pilot Point somewhat affected by Spot Disease and Black Rot.

__ The following table shows at a glance, the approximate severity of the
 ‘eases that affected each variety of grape, also the severity of the attacks of
 Leaf Roller (Desmia maculalvls.)

g; For brevity and more exact expression, the scale from 1 to 1O is used;
, meaning but a slight attack, doing no noticeable damage; 5 meaning con-
“iderable; 7 or 8 nearly defoliated; and 10 defoliated or heavily attacked.

  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
   
  
  
   
  
   
   
  
   

Varieties. 5% "g5 ég “Sign i? 53% “SEE
8g  Em Ha J25 3;; v-lé
Labrusca Family.
ghland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3

kEagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..  2 2 1

ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 2

ilder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 1 1

,.errimac.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 1

‘ghton . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4  

dley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2 1

 . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .  2 2 .. 

the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 2 . . 

chess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3  2

erson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7    10

'yWashington . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . .    7

para . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 .  5

'lyVictor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2 .. 1 7

_re’sEarly... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .. 4   5

 den . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .  5

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 . .. 7

gtage...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 3 . 6

_0rdProl1fic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . .. 5  2 .  7

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 3 2 2 7

'ennes._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .. 5  1 2 7

U1~T©<I©©OOM¢U

l6 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Varieties. 5g g5 ‘gg gin 2% A 5% E2
8E ,3; 5°‘ E m5 5;" “é
Iona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5  2 l0

Diana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 .. .  1 7

Pocklington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . ..   5 6

Lady . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4 7

Martha . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..  4  1

Prentiss . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4   1 5

Perkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .  5 7

Ives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2 5

Catawba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2 . 2 5

Triumph . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. 2   3 

Champion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2 1 1 2

Walter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 2 

Progress . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 2 2

EmpireStaH: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..  2 2 2

Excelsior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1 2

Goncord..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 3
Riparia Family.
Othello... . . . . ..   . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 ._ 

Cornucopia . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . .. 1 .' 7 1

Brant.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 4 3

Naomi....  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7  1

Clinton, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .. 1 10 2

Bacchus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 9.

BlackPearl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 .. 

Montefiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5  1 7 

Amber . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.  8 1 1

Elvira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .  7 5

Etta..  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5. 1

Noah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 5. 3 5

Transparent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..  . . . . . . . . . . ..  .. 5 7

Pearl... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 5 .  4

Uhland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6. 1 2

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4 5.

Groton . . . . . . . ..  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3 .. 

Berkmans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2  2
Estivalis Family.
Herbemont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2  1 2  5

Cunningham . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4   3 5

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3  3 

BlackJuly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . .. 3 2

BlackSpanish... . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . .  . . . .  4  7

Gynthiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 .. 

Norton’sVirginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2   2

Elsinburg.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 . 

Hermann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1
Wnifera Family.
Calabrian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

Article IL-Experirnent with Strawberries.

The plants for these tests were set out in November, 1888, on fairly rich
grayish-black soil, one foot apart in the bedded-up rows, and rows three and
one-half feet apart. The Charlestons in plats 23, 24, and 25 were raised here
from plants donated by H. M. Stringfellow, of Hitchcock, Texas. These
made the most vigorous growth, and produced somewhat better than those

"tw-zfivr-"P: "- r --:1 c;

E
l
E .
k
l’:
l‘:
3
i’.
‘Q _
5; T

 

* - weeded before the ground had time to dry out in June.
. the rows at the end of summer, 0r by the time the fall rains set in, were

 a senior student at the time.

‘ Wmné in Horfzkulture. 17

obtained in Mississippi. It is always best to plant home-grown plants when
they can be procured. The whole plat of strawberries was thoroughly culti-
vated and kept free from weeds all spring, and even during the bearing sea-
son. Some may object to this plan of culture, but on this soil, which will
bake three days after a good rain, it is indispensable to keep the soil in the
proper condition to resist the drouthy spells which frequently occur for a week
or two at a time during the spring and early summer before the drouth of
summer sets in. It is the only way to keep plants from dying during the
drouth of summer. This was well demonstrated on the first rows of Charles-
ton and one row of Wilson. The first 100 feet of these rows were carefully
The remainder of

almost devoid of plants, while those freed from weeds in time produced a
heavy matting of plants. The soil here runs to extremes much easier than
any other soil probably in the State, therefore must be handled rapidly just
at the right time. Where the soil is sandy and not so rich, there would prob-
ably be no need of cultivation during the fruiting season; but if inclined to
bake at all it would be a great mistake to keep out the cultivator and not con-
serve the moisture for a dry period. Mulching will not pay in the South, and
is not conducive to the best growths of the strawberry. There is nothing so
reliable as thorough and constant cultivation. In places and on soils where
plants are jeopardized by hot winds and baking soils it is best in the spring,
immediately after the fruiting period, to transplant some of the best plants
that have grown from the runners to cold frames or old hot beds, where they
will grow rapidly, and can be protected from the sun and drying winds, and
also, if necessary, in extreme weather be watered occasionally. We took this
precaution, and now have abundant plants to transplant this fall. Where the
cultivation in the field was not good many have died out. Their places have
been filled from the beds. As to profits, we will say that from a third of an
acre we picked last spring 164 quarts of fine berries, which readily sold at
20 cents per quart, making $32.80. We could hardly estimate the average

' amount of labor necessary to produce the above results (as much of it was

purely experimental), but we believe it not over double the cost of raising
cotton on the same area. This, of course, is only the first crop; besides many
were taken from the patch that could not be estimated. The second crop

 should be nearly 2000 quarts.

This report simply shows the progress in the work being done with the
strawberry. We are now securing a full list of all the new varieties, and, be-
sides testing their vigor and ability to withstand this climate and something
of their productiveness and nature of berry, we shall repeat the experiments
with the same varieties given in the table below. .

The table explains itself. The weighings were carefully made by H. N ess,
Mr. Ness deserves much credit for the faithful-
ness he exercised in following up the season vigilantly, and for the accuracy

 of his work:

3

Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

18
L153’ “S E 5 2E
i‘ Name of Variety. gag‘ ‘g ggg 505g Total period of bearing.
Z E 3g  9'5 E”?
z =24: ‘$53 8. >3 S.
Z a <1
_ 1 Charleston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 0.795 .0057 Apr. 2 to May 20

2 do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 0.855 .0049 Apr. 2 to May 25

3 .do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 180 1.080 .0060 Apr. 2 to May 28

4 ..do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 102 0.600 .0059 Apr. 2 to May 28

5 Wilson. . . . . . . . . .. 83 0.555 .0066 Apr. 8 to June 10

6 Crescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277 1.750 .0063 Apr. 6 to June 13

7 . .do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 1.770 .0066 Apr. 6 to June 12

8 Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 251 1.006 .0040 Apr. 8 to June 11 a

9 Crescent ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 1.610 .0062 Apr. 6 to June 15

10 .. . do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 206 1 280 .0062 Apr. 10 to June 14

11 Cumberland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111. 0 970 .0087 Apr. 17 to June 10

12 Crescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 196 1.460 .0074 Apr. 8 to June 10

13 Hoffman.  . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 138 1.175 .0085 Apr. 4 to May 30

14 Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 1.695 .0078 Apr. 3 to May 30

15 Hoffman... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 107 0.735 .0068 Apr. 7 to May 28

16 Cloud... . . . . . ..   . . . . . .. 265 2.105 .0079 Apr. 4 to June28

17 Hoffman. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 172 1.360 .0079 Apr. 4 t0 May 30

.18 Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 313 2.170 .0069 Apr. 3 to May 28

19 Sucker State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 1 045 .0063 Apr. 12 to June 8

20 ....d0... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 152 1.355 .0088 Apr. 12 t0 May 28

21 ....d0 . . . . ..  . . . . . .. 119 0.880 .0074 Apr. 12 to May 30

22 ....do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157 1.125 .0071 Apr. 12 to June10

23 Charleston. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 308 1.980 .0064 Apr. 2 to May 25

24 .. do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 0.506 .0066 Apr. 8 to May 25

25 ....do . . . . . ..  . . . . .  . . . . .. 112 0.820 .0073 Apr. 6 to May 25

26 Captain Jack, 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94 0.720 .0076 Apr. 12 to June 12

27 May King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 1.330 .0048 Apr. 6 to June l3

28 Jewell... .. .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 0.475 .0105 Apr. 17 to May 30

29 Warfield No. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43 0.420 .0098 Apr. 23 to May 30

30 Jessie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121 1.080 0089 Apr. 10 to June 10

31 Chas. Downing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70 0.508 .0072 Apr. 13 to May 30

32 Newman  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78 0.370 .0047 Apr. 13 to May 3

33 Monarch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 0.980 .0116 Apr. 12 to May 28

34 Sharpless. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 0.920 .0153 Apr. 13 to May 15

35 Jumbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 48 0.500 .0104 Apr. 17 to May 20

36 Belmont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 0.800 .0077 Apr. 17 to May 15

From the above table it will be noticed that the Cloud gave a larger yield
on one plot than any other variety.

The Cloud yielded heavily on the remaining plats, and more evenly than
other varieties except the Crescent. The Cloud also gave a good average size
and slightly larger berry than Crescent. The second highest yield was a plat
of Charlestons, but with a lower average berry. The Charleston did not
average up well in the several plats, its lowest being: 76 berries, and the
highest 308. The third in yield is the Crescent, with a berry as large as
Charleston, and a good average yield on every plat. The fourth in yield is
May King, but with a berry averaging quite small. The fifth is Wilson, but
with a smaller berry than May King or about half the size of Cloud, Hoffman
or Sucker State. The sixth is Hoffman, with a berry averaging larger than any
of the above varities. The seventh is the Sucker State, with aberry averaging
about the same as the Cloud, or nearly a third larger than the Wilson. The
Jessie followed all of the above in yield, being only from» one-half to nearly
one-third the yield of the Cloud, and one-half as much as Crescent, but has a
berry averaging larger than any of its peers on prolificness.

Work in Horlzku/Zure. 19”

As to size of berry, and not considering yield, the Sharpless stands at the
head, being double the size of the Cloud. The second in size is the Monarch,
the third Jewell, and the fourth Jumbo.

What is known as the “second crop” did not in many cases follow closely
the “first cro_p;” often several days intervened. A careful study of the table
will show what varieties lap over each other as to time of yield, and the days
of yield of marketable quantities. '

NOTES ON STRAWBERRIES.

Points classed on the scale of l0; 1O being highest.

Clza¢Zeston.-Vigor, 10; prolificness, about 8, but varies from year to year
with the season; a very reliable berry about Galveston, where it is known by
the name Perthius.

Rows 23, 24, and 25 were set with plants raised from plants obtained near

_ Galveston.

Acidity, 10; size, 7, but average poorly; firmness, l0, making one of the
best shippers; tendency to run, 10-sends out more runners than any other
variety we tested; berry showy red; earliest; short conical and regular sur-
face; runners red; White rust (Sphoerella Fragarioe), 7; hardiness, 9; stood the
drouth well; a variety well adapted to this climate.

WiZson.—Vigor, 6; prolificness, about 6; acidity, 6; size, 6, but poor aver-
age; firmness, 8; tendency to run, 2; berry dark red, conical, pointed; late;

‘leaf broad and tendency to fold and recurve; rust, about 4; hardiness, 4;

many of the plants died during summer drouth; not to be recommended for
this climate.

Another peculiar point about the Wilson is that two-thirds of the flowers
have imperfect stamens, making it less desirable to plant in general. Also
that it blooms considerably in the fall.

Crescent-Vigor, 7; prolificness, above 8; acidity, 7; size, 7, and average
fairly well; firmness, below 7; not an extra shipper; tendency to run, 6,
forming plenty of plants; berry dark red, irregular, long conical; late; calyx
small; bloom small; pistilate, fertilized well by Captain Jack, May King or
Hoffman, which should be planted in alternate rows; hardiness, 4; many
plants died during summer; rust on leaves, 3; a good regular bearer and a
good reliable berry, but is not superior to the Cloud in yield, nor Cloud, Hofi-
man, Charleston, and Jessie as a shipper; yield distributed more evenly
throughout the bearing season than any other variety.

UumberZan0L-Vigor, 7; prolificness, 4; acidity, 5; size, 7; firmness, 6; not
a good shipper; tendency to run, 2; berry red with purplish tint above and
pink beneath; perfectly formed and short, blunt, conical; very late; does not
ripen all at once; a nice garden variety on account of its high flavor; not
quite as hardy as Crescent; rust, 3; stamens of medium length and rather
weak.

Hofima/rzr-Vigor, 8; prolificness, 6; acidity, 10; size, 8, and average large;
firmness, 9; a good shipper; tendency to run, 8; berry deep dark red, good sell-
ing color; oblong conical, very long; early, but a little later than Charleston;
runners somewhat red; a fine berry that makes an excellent companion for
the Cloud, which comes in at the same time, the Cloud being a pistilate va-
riety and the Hoffman having strong stamens.

CZomL-Pistilate. Vigor, 9; prolificness, 10; acidity, 10; size, 8, averaging

about the same as the Hoffman; firmness above 9, forming a splendid ship- i

per; tendency to run, 9; berry not so deep a red as Hoffman, and has more
seed; blunt conical, as broad as long, some few irregular; later than Charles-i

2O Texas AgrieuZtm/al Experiment Stalion.

ton and about same time as Hoffman. Runners light green color. Has elon-
gated filaments to stamens, but anthers only slightly formed. Hardiness, l0;
stood the drouth well and under unfavorable circumstances. Very little rust
on leaves. The best pistilate variety we tested, and is a berry which we can
recommend for this part of the State at least. This berry is also highly re-
commended by Mississippi growers.

Sucker State-Perfect stamens, but rather weak. Vigor, 8; prolificness, 8;
acidity, 6; size, ‘bver 7; firmness, 7; tendency to run, 6; berry light red to
pink, good flavor, somewhat irregular, conical pointed, and sometimes flat-
tened; late, having its greatest yield from April l7 to April 28, and from
May 20 to 28. Rust, 3. Not so hardy as Cloud, but a good reliable variety
for near markets and family use.

Captain Jaek.—Stamens spreading, medium length, and only fairly strong.
Vigor, -8; prolificness, this year about 6; acidity, 7; size, 7, average well;
firmness, 6; berry light red, long conical, pointed, somewhat irregular; ten-
dency to run, 3; leaf very dark green, short petioled, glossy, large; rust, 3.
A good reliable variety, accompanies Crescent well, but does not equal the
Hoffman as a variety having perfect flowers.

May Ifing.—-Filaments of stamens elongated, but anthers only slightly

formed, making it a pistilate variety. Vigor, 7; prolificness, 8; acidity, 7;
size, 5, averaged poorly this year; firmness. 7; not an extra shipper; ten-
dency to run, 5; berry light red, conical. pointed; not as hardy as others,
many plants died; rust, 1, very light. A fair berry, somewhat earlier than
the Crescent, but not quite so reliable. Can be recommended as a good fair
variety, but is not superior to several others.

Jessier-Stamens long and strong. Vigor, 9; prolificness, 7; acidity, 9;
size, 8; somewhat larger on average than Cloud or Hoffman; firmness, 9, a
good shipper; tendency to run, 8; berry dark red, blunt, regular, sub-conical.
A reliable variety that would accompany the Cloud well, as it has strong sta-
mens and begins to bear about the same time.

JeweZL-Pistilate,stamens mere points. Gave a poor yield; berry too soft
for good shipper; not hardy, nearly all died; Worthless.

Warfield N0. 2.-Pistilate, stamens very short, but anthers slightly devel-
oped but not enough to furnish polen. Bore poorly; fairly hardy; some rust,
not bad; can not as yet recommend it as a reliable berry; will test it further.

Charles Dozunz'ng.—-Stamens short and inclined to be abortive, but is classed
as having a perfect flower; hardy and vigorous grower; needs further testing
here. Rust, about 2. Not to be recommended till tested further.

Newman.—Perfect, stamens fairly strong; not very hardy; no rust; bore

oorly.
p Monareh.--Perfect, stamens long; not hardy; bore poorly, but berries very
large; not to be recommended.

SharpZess.—-Bore the largest berries of any variety, but is not prolific; not
hardy; rust, 4. Not to be recommended.

Jambo.--Produced a large berry, but in small quantity; rather hardy; had
but few plants, and will test further.

BeZmont.-Produced a good fair crop of above medium sized berries; not
very hardy; rust, 2. Needs another year’s test before recommending it.

Parker EarZe.--Had too few plants to make a test of yield, and what we
had were planted too late. Plants vigorous and hardy. Flowers perfect and
strong. The few berries borne were of good size, but not as firm as Cloud
and several other varieties. Can not recommend till further testing.

James Vz'ck.-Bore poorly, and nearly all the plants died during the sum-
mer. Needs further testing.

Work in Horticulture. 2.1

Several other varieties were planted, but from the unfavorable weather died
out so as not to make a good test. These, with many additional varieties as
seen in the list elsewhere in this Bulletin, will be carefully tested next season,
together with a more careful repetition of the tests of the varieties noted in
this Report. Many varieties are at home in Texas, and I believe the small
fruit industry to be only in its infancy. When irrigation is cheapened so
that the average fruit grower can use it without too great an outlay, small
fruit culture will then receive the attention that it properly deserves. To sum
up in brief, this year’s testing shows that the most reliable market berries, at
least for Central Texas, are the Cloud, Hoffman, Charleston, Crescent, Sucker
State, May King, Jessie, and Captain Jack, in about the order named. Several
fertilizers were tried, but nothing definite could be ascertained that was of
value. However, the tests seemed to show that potash on this soil would
prove quite beneficial.

The strawberry, I think, should be thoroughly fertilized at the time of set-
ting out with cotton seed meal to give them a vigorous start in the fall, and
then they should receive a liberal application of wood ashes or Kainit, and
some fertilizer, as bone meal or acid phosphate, containing phosphoric acid, in
December. Cotton seed meal should be applied at the rate of 1200 pounds to
the acre, bone meal or acid phosphate at the rate of 500 pounds, and wood
ashes or Kainit at the rate of 300 pounds to the acre. Well rotted stable ma-
nure applied in the fall is all that could be desired. It should be applied at
the rate of at least fifteen tons to the acre. A good compost is made by spread -
ing alternate layers of cotton seed meal upon layers of stable manure, and
keep shaded and wet. After well rotted it is ready to apply at the time of set-
ting out the plants.

Article IIL-Notes on Blackberries.

DaZZas.—_Growtl1 hardy and vigorous; reliable. No rust here, but rusted at
McKinney, the only place I have found rust upon the leaves. I believe this
vine to be the hardiest and one of the most prolific of berries. .

Ifvjttatinngr-Hardy, but has considerable Leaf Blight. No rust here. Rust
found on vines of this berry at Hempstead, Tyler, penison, and McKinney.
But notwithstanding this tendency to rust it proves to be one of the most val-
uable and profitable varieties in several parts of the State.

Brunt0n.—Growth upright and equal to that of Kittatinny. Stood the
drouth well. No rust, but some Leaf Blight.

Erz'e.—Some few plants dead. Much Leaf Blight. Rusted at Hempstead
and Brenham, but not at College Station.

Wilsonls EarZy.——M0re hardy than Erie; vines inclined to droop. Rusted
at Tyler, but not at College Station.

Early Harvest-Growth upright; many leaves dropped off. No rust.

' Rusted some at Brenham.

From one season’s testing we can not fully recommend any variety, but thus

 , far the indications are that the Dallas, Kittatinny, and Brunton are all good,
 , prolific varieties. I have seen the Lawton growing in the State, and always

without rust. This variety and the Dallas I believe to be less diseased than

 other varieties, and, as they are also quite prolific, I would recommend them

to planters as being the most reliable varieties I have yet seen in the State.
Texas seems to be the natural home of the blackberry and dewberry. They
form one of the most profitable fruit crops that can be raised. I know of

 several cases where about $500 was netted per acre. In one case the whole
 crop was sold at 6 cents per quart to a canning factory.

 

22 Texas Agi/zkultural Experiment Station.

NOTES ON RASPBERRIES.

Zlumer.-Healthy; stood the drouth best of all, though some few died.

Gregg.—Several died, but nearly as hardy as Turner.

Phz'ZadeZ_ph2Ta.—-Good growth; several died; nearly as hardy as Gregg.

Mammoth CZustew-Stood the drouth well and very few died, but the wood
not healthy.

The red cap varieties are the only ones I believe that will stand our medium:
drouths, and bear enough fo" profits. The black cap varieties do fairly well

in North and East Texas. I would not recommend an extensive plantation of

any variety of raspberry in this latitude.

Article IV.--Notes on Grasses.

In Bulletin No. 3 we reported on fifty-three species of grasses and other
forage plants, planted here in plats. Another year of growth and climatic
influences has passed and the results of growth are of enough interest to give
them in this Report, together with some tests of other species.

1. Paspaluwz dilz'tatum.—’l‘his grass was reported as having made a good:
growth, and was recommended from the evidence we then had as a hay and
pasture grass. But it has been quite unsatisfactory in its growths and habits
during the past year, and we do not favor it so much as a hay and pasture
grass. It spreads very unevenly, dying out in several places, allowing weeds-
to take the ground in places. 1t is not proof against drouth on this soil. Its-
habit of growth is not desirable, as it forms hummocks or bunches, not easily
to cut over by a mower, and leaving too much of the ground unoccupied.

2. Paspalurm PZati-cauZzI-JFhis grass still deserves all the praise we gave it
in our former report. It has steadily spread over a large space of ground.

It forms a thick matting all over the surface of the plat, and was not affected .

in the least by droutii. We believe it to be a most valuable grass for pastures,
as we recommended before.

I have found it growing in several portions of the State-Jflastern, Central
Texas and along the coast.

A small plat of this grass will soon form roots and seed enough to plant a
considerable pasture. It grows well on uplands, but like most grasses does
better in low lands. It makes quite a fine lawn grass and needs but little
mowing to keep it down. It should be tried in the dryer regions of Texas.

3. Festuca elatior (Tall Fescue ).--More than half of the plants of this
grass revived during the winter and grew finely the past season, reaching a
height of 3 feet, with a thick leafy growth at the base of 8 to 10 inches..
Should be tested in other parts of the State.

4. Arrhenaiherum avenaceum (Tall Meadow Qat Grass).-~This grass re-
vived considerably, making 3% feet culm growths by May ll, with a heavy
growth of blades at the base of from 8 to 10 inches. Rather scattering over
the plat. ,

5. Dactylis glomerata- (Orchard Grass).—This grass came out much better
than expected. 1t sent up a heavy growth and nearly covered the plat. Began
to bloom May l. We believe this grass will make a success in many parts of
Eastern and Northern Texas. '

6. Buchloe dactyloides ( Buffalo Grass or Running or Curly Mesquit 
Plants of this grass set out last February form a thick even carpet of verdure
over the whole plat. This is one of the best ‘pasture and lawn grasses in the

South. It is not quite equal to Bermuda grass (Uynodon dactylon) in beauty

of color, as it fades toward fall and is never of as deep a green, but it makes

Work 2'12 Horticulture. i 23

a more velvety carpet of green and is far less troublesome to eradicate, as it
has no underground rhizomas that root at every joint as Bermuda. It is not
a heavy feeder or drain on the soil, and can be associated on lawns with
shrubbery without smothering or stunting their growth. This grass has
been found native in the black land regions of Texas, where it thrives best.
As it is quite easily killed and controlled, it can be recommended to those
desiring grass and shrubbery both in their yard. It deserves more attention
than is generally given it. It seeds well, but is best propagated by cuttings
of the rooted runners.

7. Pasjoalum pubvfloruwar-Among the several wild species tried here this
Paspalum did best. It is much like Paspalum pZati-cazali which is making
such a good record and reputation as a pasture grass. This grass was found
growing wild on the College grounds and produced such a striking growth
during fall and winter that plants of it were taken up and set into a test plat,
where it soon spread over the whole ground, making a heavy mat of growth.

It will probably make a good pasture grass, but needs further testing.

8. Chloris vert2'ciZZata.-This pretty creeping grass, which sends up a culm
only 5 or 6 inches long bearing at its summit a number of radiating spikes
of flowers like the spokes to a wheel, was also found growing on the College
grounds. It has attracted attention in a few places in the State, as it has
habits of growth similar to Bermuda, and thought by some to be that grass.
Its spikes of flowers resemble those of Bermuda in arrangement, but are
more numerous and about as long again. The color of the grass is peculiar,
having a bluish green cast. It has been said to run out Bermuda when grow-
ing together. We find that this grass seeds freely and takes readily from
roots set in the fall.

Article V.-Best Varieties of Fruits for the Different Sections
of Texas, with Notes from Correspondents.

Knowing that there are many mistakes made in the choice of varieties for
the many different soils and conditions of the many sections of this large State,
and that these mistakes incur great losses of money and time, it was thought
that a compilation of information from experienced growers would form a
very reliable guide to those who contemplate planting out fruits. To this end
the following questions were sent to about fifty prominent growers in the va-
rious sections of the State:

What are the best six grapes for your section? Six apples? Six pears?
Six plums? Ten peaches forming a succession of crops? Best three black-

berries? Three strawberries‘? Three hedge plants? Best three trees for

windbreaks?

To these questions we received, as can be seen below in the table, the lists,
complete as far as their knowledge of the different fruits extended. The let-
ters accompanying the several, lists also showed, in most cases, that the va-
rieties named are not only the best but are successfully grown in their respect-
ive sections. The notes following the tabulated lists (bearing the same num-
ber) give mostly the drawbacks only of fruit growing, which would lead many
readers to think that many sections of this State are unfit for successful fruit
culture. But by our explanation that the lists indicate the successful fruits
of the different sections, and the notes the unsuccessful fruits or peculiar dis-
advantages, the notes will be clearly understood without publishing extended
explanations with each note.

It will be noticed that but very few new varieties are recommended, show-
ing that those having the most experience prefer the old reliable varieties, that
sell at the lowest prices at the nursery.

24 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

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Report 0/ the Hortzkulturzkz‘. 311

l. C. N. Eley, Smith’s Point, Chambers County, says that many of the
most successful varieties of that section are without names, and are not offered

. by the trade nor propagated there. Fruit growing on that coast is largely a.

matter of experiment; most attention is given to it at Alvin and Hitchcock.
If blight should appear on the Le Conte pear it would largely destroy the
boom. Of pears Mr. J. H. Kipp, a successful pear grower, thirty years ago
found the best varieties to be Madeline, Petit Muscat, Triumph de J ordne, and
Duchess d’Orleans; these are not in general cultivation now. The Japanese
plums are very promising; the American and foreign varieties are failures.
There is a large class of native Spanish peaches and nectarines, all unnamed,
which do well, and ripen in July, August, and September. Of blackberries
he knows of no good cultivated varieties; an abundance of wild blackberries
and dewberries supply the market.

2. H. M. Stringfellow, Hitchcock, Galveston County, says the LeConte
and Keiffer pears are the only ones profitable there. There are no plums, and
all varieties of peaches are worthless. The only reliable blackberry is the
Dallas.

3. G. Onderdonk, Nursery, Victoria County, writes us that their best
grape is the Herbemont; then the following named in order: Black Spanish,
Black July, and Medora. The Texas is a new seedling of the Herbemont, by
Munson. Its value lies in its being like the Herbemont. but two weeks later.
The Harwood is a great favorite in some places, but was, omitted from the
list on account of its eccentric habits, doing well in some places and very
poorly in others. It does best on Zllustang mots, and never does well on its
own roots. The Vinifera varieties are not successful generally, except tem-
porarily; one, however, the Sweetwater, under the name of Malaga, has given
satisfaction in a few places. A complete list of peaches forming a succession
of crops would include more than ten varieties, and would be as follows in
order of ripening: Early China, Honey, Pallas, Coleman, Climax, Katie,
Early Rose, Onderdonk’s Favorite, Rupley’s Cl., Carpenter’s Cl., Cobbler’s
Indian, Galveston, Guadalupe, Orman, Texas, Alcalde. The profitable peaches
are either Spanish or Chinese; not one of the Persian list is worth planting
there. Coleman is a new peach, which is valuable for its coming to fill a gap
never before supplied. Early China and Honey are quite alike, only that the
first is a few oays earlier. The largest profit comes from Early China, Honey,
and Cnderdonk’s Favorite.

4. J. M. Haley, Edna‘, Jackson County, says that horticulture is not in an
advanced stage in that county, and but few varieties have been fruited.
Grapes have not been a success, though in some localities they promise well.
Of plums all the Chickasaw varieties do well; others are not a success. Peaches
of the Spanish and Chinese strains do well, but the Persian varieties are not
a success. Blackberries have not been tried. Strawberries die in summer
for lack of water. The privet makes a good low hedge.

6. Wm. Hageman, New Ulm, Austin County: The Herbemont is the only
grape that has proved a success; the Concord, and Catawba grow and bear,
but are irregular. The Black Spanish bears well when sheltered, and in a
dry season. The varieties have not been sufficiently tested.

7 . C. H. Brossman, Bellville, Austin County: Herbemont is the only
grape that gives satisfaction. Many varieties of apples have been tried, but
do not succeed. The plum is not grown, as the curculio destroys the fruit.
Blackberries are not raised, as the dewberries are superior. Strawberries
are no success. Barbed wire has taken the place of hedges.

9. S. Schlenker, Brenham, Washington County, recommends Herbemont,
Lenoir (Black Spanish), Cynthiana, and Norton’s Virginia for wine grapes.

32 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Goethe and Delaware for table. He grafted the Bartlett and Keifier pears 15
years ago on the Haw; they do well every year.

10. J. F. Leyendecker, Frelsburg, Colorado County, says they have one re-
liable grape, the Herbemont, and this is affected with Black Rot in wet sea-
sons. The only partially reliable apple is the Becker, though others may

A succeed in favorable locations. He has more faith in the Japan varieties of

plums than any other. All varieties of blackberries generally fail, except
Bradin. Strawberries are a failure.

1 1. R. D. Blackshear, N avasota, Grimes County, says no very late varieties-
of peaches do well there. The hedge plants are all a perfect nuisance.

12. W. B. Morrow, Calvert, Robertson County, says that no blackberries
except natives have succeeded with him. In his experience, strawberries are
a failure. Wherever barbed wire can be procured, hedges are a nuisance not
to be tolerated.

l3. J. N. Steubenrauch, Mexia, Limestone County: The Dallas is so far
the only blackberry worth growing. Strawberries are generally a failure
here.

14. Tyre Hancock, Hancock, Limestone County: Apples have done but
little here so far; some few have succeeded, but most have failed. There has»
been no thorough test of pears; the Le Conte has done best, Keiifer next.
Plum growing is in its infancy yet, and it is hard to say which is best. This
is the best peach country I ever saw; some specimens seven to the gallon.

17. A. Kayser, Mineola, Wood County, says the apple Winter Queen given
in his list is probably the same as Kentucky Red. The Wild Goose is the only
plum tried; there are exquisite plums of the Chickasaw tribe wild in the
woods. No hedge plants do well; they have all been tried repeatedly and
without success. He recommends California privet as a wind-break; it is
easly propagated by cuttings, stands the drouth, and is nearly evergreen.

19. Prof. T. V. Munson, Denison, Grayson County, adds to his list of
grapes, of new varieties, Brilliant (red), Rommel (white), J aegar (black), and
says there are many other varieties of about equal merit. He recommends a
trial of several of the Japan varieties of plums, especially Hattankin and
Satsuma or Blood The varieties of peaches in the table which he gives are
all free-stones; he recommends for clings Gen. Lee, Oldmixon C1., Ringgold,
Crimson Beauty, and Henrietta. He says Parker Earle will take the place of
all other strawberries with him if it continues in the future as it has the past
three years. The hedge plants in the list are for ornamental purposes; hedges
as farm fence he regards as a thing of the past.

20. J. S. Kerr, Sherman, Crrayson County, says the Niagara grape has
not yet been thoroughly tested there. lves’ seedling is recommended, parti-
cularly for hardiness. Pears have generally not provedprofitable so far.
Kelsey plum has rotted badly so far as tried; Marianna a failure. Doesn’t
recommend hedges for fence.

23. A. M. Ramsey, Mahomet, Burnet County, says the list given is for
Central Texas prairie, viz., Burnet and adjacent counties. For canning peaches
he recommends Columbiaand Lone Star. Also Ramsey’s Arkansas Traveler
for August, and Ramsey’s Early Beauty for July are excellent peaches.
Strawberries are not a success there without irrigation. l‘

24. E. E. Risien, San Saba, San Saba County, writes us that in some
localities on the Colorado River the Ben Davis apple grows to perfection.

. The Le Conte and Keiffer pears blight worse than any of those given in the

list. Says a blackberry called Crandle’s Extra Early, which he procured from
California, is a good thing and the only one grown. He has had single speci-
mens of the Sharpless strawberry measuring over 5 inches round.

Work in Horticulture. 33-

25. Capt. John G. Hatch, Corpus Christi, Nueces County, has not suc-
ceeded with any variety of apples. No pears so far have succeeded, hut is
trying the Le Conte and Keifier, which are doing well, but have not fruited
yet. Several varieties of the Chickasaw plums do well. Honey peach does
best, but most of the Chinese type will probably do well there except Peen-to,
which blooms too early. The new peach Coleman is an improvement on the
Honey and ripens immediately after. Blackberries are not a success. Straw-
berries die out during summer; Miner’s Prolific stands dry weather best.

26. J. D. West, Clarendon, Donley County, says it is impossible to give
the best varieties for that county, as but one orchard was planted before last
fall. Those given are the ones which grew and thrived through the summer.
Peaches grow well, though the varieties are not given.’

27. G. A. McKee, Mt. Selman, Cherokee County: The peach is at home
here, and most other fruits do reasonably well; with proper attention this
could be made one of the leading fruit regions of the State.

29. H. C. Hamilton, Whitesboro, Grayson County, says that nearly all

‘fruits succeed in that section on a light sandy loam, 12 to 18 inches deep,

with a red or yellowish porous subsoil. Peaches, plums, apricots, pears, grapes,
cherries, and berries do well. a

30. E. Crew, Hempstead, Waller County: All plums that have been tried
do well here.

31. John B. Long, Rusk, Cherokee County: The soil here--gray and red
sandy soil, with a red.clay subsoil—-has a peculiar and excellent adaptation to
the successful growth of a wider range of sorts and varieties of fruit than
any other locality in my knowledge of the same latitude.

Article VL-List of Fruits Growing in Experimental Grounds.

The following are lists of varieties of fruits now growing in the experimen-
tal grounds of the Horticultural Department of the State Experiment Station
at College Station, Texas. Exchanges from other stations are solicited, but
we wish to state that we must receive all trees and plants in the fall from all
Stations north of this latitude. Buds should be received in June, July, or
September: '

APPLES.
65’ Varieties.

Arkansas Black. Gravenstein. Red Winter Pearmain.
Am. Summer Pearmain. Golden Pippin. Red Beitigheimer.
Bradford’s Best. Gano. Rambo.

Ben Davis. Hall’s Red. Rome Beauty.
Buckingham. Harvest. Royal Red.

Becker. Hominy. Sweet Dixon.
Bledsoe. Jonathan. Shockley.

Brazilian. Key’s Winter. Steward.

Cooper’s Red. King of Tompkins County. Shannon.

Collasaga. Little Romanite. Smitlfls Cider.
Cooper’s Early. Loy. Stevenson’s Red.
Carolina Red June. Lincoln. Sweet Bough.
Cartefis Blue. Limbertwig. Southern Limbertwig.

Colton’s lilarly.

Duchess of Oldenburg.

Early Harvest.

Maidenblush.
Missouri Pippin.
Maverack’s Sweet.

Shirley.
Summer Rose.
Summer Pearmain.

Early Strawberry. Nickajack. Summer Queen.
Elgin Pippin. Ortley. Wine Sap.

Fanny. Red June. Wealthy.

Fall Stripe. Red May. Yellow Horse.
Forest. Red Astrachan. Yellow Bellflower.

34'   Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Hyslop.
Hughes’ Virginia.
Lady Elgin.

Andre’ du Ports.
Anjou.
Arkansas.
Andrews.
Bartlett.

Boss.

Bruce.

Bufium.
Brandywine.

Amsden.

Alice Haupt.
Alexander.
Amelia.

Albert Sidney.
Azoo Cling.
Admirable Late.
Beers’ Smock.
Beatrice.
Bishop’s Early.
Bernice.
Bexar.

Bonito.
Bonanza.

Bilyen’s Late October.

Bidwell’s Ea.
Bronough Cl.
Bequett Cl.
Bequett Free.
Blood Cl.
Barnes.

Butler’s Cl.
Crothers.
Cleveland Cl.
Cora.

Congress Cl.
Climax.

Chinese Cl.
Oonkling.
Cobler’s Indian.
Christiana.
Crimson Beauty.
Comet.
Carpenter’s Cl.
Crawford’s Early.
Crawford’s Late.
Columbia.
Coleman.
Chinese Blood.
Cowan’s Late.
Dufi’s Cl.

Druid Hill.
Dowling’s June.
Early Barnard.
Early Rivers.

APPLES-continued.
Grabs.
Marengo.
Montreal.
Quaker Beauty.

FEARS.
2'7 Varities.

Cole’s Seedless.
Comet.

Clapp’s Favorite.
Doyenne d’Eté.

Duchess.

Flemish Beauty.
Garber.

Howell.

Idaho.

PEACHES.

161 Varieties.

Early Louise.
Early China.
Elberta.

Eldred. _

Elmira.

Eaton’s Golden,
Esther Doom.
Elma.

Falcon.

Family Favorite.
Foster.

Ford’s No. 1.
Ford’s No. 2.
Ford’s N0. 3.
Gov. Hubbard.
Gen. Grant.
Gen. Taylor.
Guadalupe.
Glendale Beauty.
Galveston.
Golden Drop.
Grosse Mignonne.
Gaylord.

Globe.

George IV.
Gibson’s Seedling.
HalPs Cl.

Hance’s Golden Rareripe.

Hughs’ IXL.
Haupt’s Oct. Free.
Haupt’s Aug.
Hauptfs No. 14.
Honey.

Hynes’ Surprise.
Heath Cl.
Henrietta.
HowelPs Cl.
Hope’s Early Red.
Infant Wonder.

J ackson’s Cl.
Jack Ross.

Jennie Worthen.
Knight’s Mammoth.
Lemon Cl.

Lady Ingold.

Transcendent.
Whitney.
Yates.

Keifier.

Louise Bonne.
Le Conte.
Lawrence.
Mikado.

Rutter.

Stevens Genesee.
Seckel.
Superfine.

Lady Parham.
Lady Farham.
Lady Palmerston.
Lord Palmerston.
La Reine.

Leatherbury’s Late.

La Magnifique.
Langworthy.
Lonoke.
Leopard.
Lilard’s Oct.
Lulu.

Miss Lolo.
Maggie Burt.
Minnie.

Mamie Ross.
Mrs. Brett.
Mountain Rose.
Mark’s Cl.
Morris White.
Nelson’s Cl.
Old Mixon Free.
Old Mixon Cl.
Onderdonk.
Orange Cl.
Ormon.

Oriole.

Old. English.
Piquetts’ Late.
Pansy.
Peen-to.
Pallas.

Prince of Wales.
Price’s Free.
Ren.

Rosedale Sept.
Red River.
Roser.

Raisin Cl.
Ringgold C1.
Rupley’s Cl.
Rose.

Reagan.

Scott.
Schumacher.

Work in Horticulture. i   35

PEACHEG-wntinued.

Scruggs. Sloan’s Carolina. Thurber.

St. John. Sylphide. Ulatis.

Smock. Snow. Van Buren’s Golden Dwarf.
Salway. Squaw. Victoria.

Sea Eagle. Topaz. Voorheis’ No. 1.
Stump-the-world. Trothfis Early. Voorheis’ Silver.
Sanders Cl. Tippecanoe. Wheatland.
Spottswood Cl. Texas. Walker.
Stonewall Jackson. Tarbell.

PLUMS.
65 Varieties.

African. Honahume. Robinson.

Ark. Lombard. Hall’s New Golden. Rufi’s Spanish.
Bungourme. Indian Chief. RufPs Choice.
Botan. Jennie Lucas. Reine Claude de Bavay. -p
Beaty. Kanawha. Saffold. »
Bradshaw. Kelsey. - Satsuma.
Bashtti Am. Long-fruited. Simoni.

Clara. Lone Star. Shiro-smomo.
Clvman. Mason. Tudor.

Chovot. Marianna. Texas Gage.
Caddo Chief. Munson. Transparent.
Coletta. Miner. Ura Beni.
Damson. Newman. Utah Hybrid
De Soto. Ogon. Virgata.

Early Red. Ohio Prolific. Washington.

El Paso. Pottawattomie. Weaver.

Forest Garden. Prunus Pissardii. Wayland.

Gen. Hand. Paris Belle. Wild Goose.
German Prune. Piram. Wooten.

Golden Beauty. Quaker. Yellow Transparent.
Hattankin No. 1. Roulette. Yosobe.
Hattankin No. 2. Richland.

APRICOTS.
12 Varieties.
_Alexander. Jackson. Peach.

Alexis. Moorpark. Royal.

Eureka. Myer’s Early. Russian No. 1.
Early Golden. Nicholas. Russian No. 2.

CHERRIES.
4 Varieties.
Black Heart. Montmorency. Olivet.
Gov. Wood
QUINCES.
Japan. Orange.
PERSIMMONS.
10 Varieties.
Daidai Maro. Kurokume. Tane Nashi.
Ginji Manu. Masugata. Yedoichi.
Hachija. Mino. Yemon.
Hyakume.
FIGS.
9 Varieties.

Adriatic. Brown Turkey. Magnolia.

Blue Ischia. Black California. San Pedro. .
Brunswick. Marseilles. White Pacific

Paper-shelled.

Citrus trifoliata.
Dai dai.

Catley’s Yellow.

Autuchon.
Agawam.
Amber.
Black Eagle.
Barry.
Brighton.
Brant.
Bacchus.

Black Spanish or Jacques.

Blank Pearl.
Black July.
Berkmans.
Concord.
Cottage.
Catawba.
Champion.
Cornucopia. t
Clinton.
Cunningham.
Cynthiana.
Croton.
Cautabrian.
Diamond.

~ Duchess.

Downing.
Diana.
Delaware.
Eaton.

Early Victor.
Empire State.
Excelsior.
Elvira.

Etta.

Brunton.
Dallas.

' Gregg.

Mammoth Cluster.

Agriculturist.
Annie Forest.
Arlington.
Belmont.

POMEGRANATES.
Spanish Ruby.

ORANGES.
5 Varieties.

Kawachi.
Kumquat.

GUAVAS
Catley’s Red.

CASSAVA.
Manihot aipi.

GRAPES.
96' Varieties.

Elsenburg.

F. B. Hayes.
Flowers.

Goethe.

Golden Gem.
Highland.
Hartford Prolific.
Herbemont.
Hermann.
Isabella.

Iona.

Ives.

J efierson.

Lindley.

Lady Washington.
Lady.

Louisiana.
Medora.

Merrimac.
Missouri Reissling.
Moore’s Early.
Martha.
Montefiore.
McKee.

Norton’s Va.
Niagara.

Naomi.

Noah.

Othello. .
Pocklington.

Peter Wylie.
Prentiss.

Perkins.

SMALL FRUITS.
Blackberries.--6 Varieties.

Erie.
Early Harvest.

Raspberries.-—-5 Varieties.

Marlboro.
Philadelphia.

Strawberries—-88 Varieties.

Bidwell.

Big Bob.
Bubach No. 5.
Bubach No. 132.

Texas Agricultural Experiment Statzon.

Oonshin.

Progress.
Pearl.
Scuppernong.
Salem.
Tenderpulp.
Thomas.
Triumph.
Transparent.
Ulster.
Uliland.
Vergennes.
Wilder.
Worden.
Walter.
Woodrufi.
Wyoming.

Native Wild Grapes.

Vitis aestivalis.
Berlandieri.
Bourquina.
corditolia.
cinerea.
Champini.
Doaniana.
labrusca.
Linsecomii.
monticola.
rupestris.
riparia.
rubra.
solonis.

.<l.<l.<'.<1.<.<1.<‘.<<‘.<l.’4.<l.<l.<

Kittatinny.
Wilson’s Early.

Turner.

Charleston, or N unan.
Crescent.

Crystal City.
Cinderella.

Cumberland Triumph.

Crawford. ’
Cloud.
Carmichael.
Covell’s Early.
Capt. Jack.
Cornelia.
Champion.

Chas. Downing.
Crimson Cluster.
Clingto.

Daniel Boone.
Dutter.

Early Canada.
Elton.

Eureka.

First Season.
Gandy’s Pride.
Golden Defiance.
Glendale.

Great American.
Gypsy.

Gold.

Hoffmann.
Haviland.

Hart’s Minn.

W or}: 2'12 Horticulture. 37

Strawberries-continued.

Ironclad.
Itaska.
Jewell.

Jessie.

J as. Vick.
Jumbo.
Jersey Queen.
Kentucky.
Louisa.

Lacon.

Legal Tender.
Loudon’s No. 15.
Lida.

Mammoth Seedling.

May King.
Monmouth.
Miami.
Monarch. ~
MitchelPs Early.
Mt. Vernon.
Mrs. Garfield.
Manchester.
Newman.

Nig’s Superb.
NichoPs Early.

Ontario.

Ohio.

Pearl.

Parker Earle.
President Lincoln.
Pineapple.

Piper.

Parry

Prince of Berries.
Ruby.

Sharpless.
Surprise.
Stayman No. 1.
Stayman No. 2.
Sucker State.
Truitt’s Surprise.
Triomphe de Gand.
Warfield No. 2.
Winsor.

Wilson.

White Novelty.
Woodrufi.
Welch.

Warren.
Wonderful.

Article VII.--List of Forest and Shade Trees in College Arbor-
etum, and Shrubs Growing on the Campus.

Those marked with an asterisk (*) are native and hardy.

Those marked with a. dagger (1') have grown one year in arboretum and thus far have made a vigorous,
healthy growth, and are thought to be hardy. a '

Those marked with a double dagger (I) have grown one year but do not give promise of being quite hardy.

When marked with a section (Q) they have shown undoubted signs of failure to withstand this climate.

All not marked have been recently set out.

FOREST AND SHADE TREES.

COMMON NAME. SCIENTIFIC NAME.

fAsh, Am. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fraxinus Americana, L.

*Ash, Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. viridis, Mx.

tAsh, European . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F. excelsior.

Beech, Purple-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fagus sylvatica, L.

Birch, Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Betula nigra, L.

Birch, Cut-leaved weeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. pendula.

Birch, Poplar-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. populifolia, Ait.

*Birch, Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. papyracea, Ait.

iBirch, European White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. alba.

*Box Elder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Negundo aceroides, Mch.

ljBalm of Gilead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Populus balsamifera, var. candicans.

*Cl1e.'ry, Evergreen, or Wild Peach . . . . . . . . .Cerasus Caroliniensis.

*Cottonwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Populus monilifera, Ait.

*China Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Melia Azedarach, L.

fChina Tree, Umbrella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Melia Azedarach, var. umbraculiformis.

tChestnut, Am. Sweet. . .. . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .Castanea vesca, var. Americana, Mx.

{Catalpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catalpa bignonoides, Walt.

{Cucumber Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magnolia acuminata, L.

Elm, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ulmus campestris, L.

Elm, Scotch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . .Ulmus montana, L.

Elm, Am. White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ulmus Americana, L.

Eucalyptus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Eucalyptus globulus.

fHickory, Shell-bark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carya alba, N att.

*Hackberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Celtis occidentalis.

{Japan Varnish Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sterculia platanifolia, L.

Laurel, Spice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laurus nobilis.

Laurel, English . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Laurocerasus.

38 Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Laurel... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .. . . . . . . .L. Bertinii.

Laurel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. Camelioefolia.

Laurel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Caucasioa.

Laurel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Colchica.

*Locust, Honey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gleditschia triacanthos, L.

Locust, Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G. Sinensis.

iiLocust, Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Robinia pseudacacia, L.

fLILinden, European or Basswood . . . . . . . . . . . .Tilia Europaea, L.

iiMagnolio, large flowering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Magnolia grandiflora, L.

iiMagnolia, Umbrella tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. tripetala.

;tMaple, Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . . . .Acer saccharinum, Wang.

iiMaple, Silver or Soft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. dasycarpum, Ehr.

Maple, English or Cork-barked . . . . . . . . . . . . .A.campestre.

Maple, Purple-leaved” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. sp.

Maple, Virginia Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. rubrum, L.

{Mulberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morus multicaulis.

1-Mulberry, Russian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. Tartarica.

fMulberry, Downing’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. multicaulis, var.

i-Mulberry, Hicks’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. multicaulis, var.

-|-Mulberry, Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M. rubra.

Poplar, Balsam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Populus balsamifera, L.

fPoplar, Lombardy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. nigra, var. dilitata.

fPoplar, Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. alba, L.

Poplar, Gray or White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. canescens.

Poplar, Golden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. sp.

Poplar, Italian Pyramidal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. sp.

*Sycamore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Platanus occidentalis, L. a

*Sweet Gum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liquidambar styracifiua, L.

Tulip Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liriodendron tulipifera.

{Tamarisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tamarix gallica.

Willow, Golden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Salix vitellina, L.

_ fWillow, WVeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Babylonica, L.

Willow, Ring-leaved Weeping. . . . . . . . . . . . .S. Babylonica, var.

Willow, Rosemary-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. petiolaris, Smith.

iWillow, Osier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. viminalis, L.

Willow, Laurel-leaved.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. sp.

Willow, Batavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. sp.

*Walnut, Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . Juglans nigra, L.

i-Walnut, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. regia.

CONIFERE.
COMMON FAME. SCIENTIFIC NAME.

{Arbor Vitae-{Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Biota orientalis, Don.

Elegant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. orientalis, var. elegantissima, Rol.
qlGolden, 2 varieties . . . . . . . . .B. orientalis, var. aurea.

J aponica . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . .B. orientalis, var. Sieboldii, Endl.
Weeping (filiformis pendula). .B. pendula, Endl.
Caucasian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Thuja occidentalis, var. densa, Gordon.

Hovey’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. Hoveyi.

Intermedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. compacta, R. Smith.

Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. argentea, Car.

Vervaends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. occidentalis, var. Vervaeneana.

Giant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. gigantea, N utt.

Siberian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. Tartarica, Lodd.

Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cupressus N utkaensis, Hook.

Japan, variegated . . . . . . . . . . .C. N utkaensis, var. variegata.

Tom Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retinospora Elwangeriana, Barry.

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libocedrus decurrens, Tor.

Balm of Gilead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Picea balsamea, Loudon.

Cedar, African . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gedirusiAtlapiticg, Manetti. '

Cedar Deodar. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eo ara, ou on.

Cedar, of Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. Libani, Barrelier.

-|'Cedar, Red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . Juniperus Virginiana, L.

Cypress, Lawson’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cupressus Lawsoniana, Murray.

Cypress, variegated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chamaecyparis sphaeroidea, var. variegata,

Endl.

Work in Hortzkullure. . 39

   
  
 
    
 
    
    
  
   
   
   
   
   
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
   

 ress, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Retinospora plumosa.

 ress, Golden Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Retinospora plumosa, var. aurea.

5 ~ ress, Bald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Taxodium distichum, Rich.

i= iper, English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Juniperus communis, L.

"per, Irish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juniperus communis, var. Hibernica, Lodd.

Iuniper, Scaly-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. squamata, Don.

’ ‘per, Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .J. sp. '

iper,‘ Golden Variegated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .J. sp. '

n; ‘denhair Tree or Gingko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Salisburia adiantifolia, Smith.

e, Scotch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pinus sylvestris, L.

inc, white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. strobus, L.

‘wood, Giant, of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequoiajgigantea, Endl.

p ce, Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Abics excelsa, D. C.

 Fortunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cephalotaxus Fortunei, Hook.

SHRUBS AND SMALL TREES.

 COMMON NAME. SCIENTIFIC NAME.
'1 -berry, Holly-leaved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mahonia aquifolia, N utt

thea, 19 varieties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Althea frutex.

I rning Bush, 7 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Euonymus J aponicus.

_-; = tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Budieya Lindleana.

' Tree, 4 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Buxus semepervirens, L.

Ftzia, 6 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Deutzia crenata.

 D. gracilis. I

ering Willow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chi1opsis linearis.

l-dust Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aucuba J aponica. ’
 cules’ Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aralia spinosa.

1,: : gea, 5 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hydrangea Japonica.

. H. hortensis, L., etc.
ysuckle, Upright, 4 varieties . . . . . . . . . . .Chameecerasus crysantha.
y English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ilex aquifolia.

f’ Japanese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. sp.

, a Kerry, 2 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Corchorus J aponica.

‘q Quince, white, red, and pink varieties. .Pyrus J aponica.

_'e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jasminum fruticans, L.

_ white and purple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Syringa vulgaris, var. alba, L.
fk Orange or Syringa, 8 varieties . . . . . . . .Philadelphus grandiflorus, Wild
 P. coronarius, L.

}= thus, 3 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Osmanthus aquifolia.

et, Amoor River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ligustrum amorense.

vet, California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. Californiacum.

et, Common . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. vulgare, L.

L. picturalum.

 4 other varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L‘ robustum’

L. volutum.
_- L. variegata argentea.
f berry Tree. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Arbutus unedo.

_ scented Shrub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Calycanthus floridus, L.

e or Strawberry Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Euonymus Europaeus, L.

fhnswort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hypericum kalmianum, L.

g Tree or Purple Fringe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rhus cotinus.

 24 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spiraea ariaefolia.

S. Douglasii.

 S. trilobata.
gr Chaste Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vitex agnus-castus, L.
'rry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Symphoricarpus racemosus, Mx.
' 18 varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Diervi11a J aponica.
T. L. BRUN K,

Horticulturist.