' 171., QTY TEXAS AGRLCUUPURATTTEHEEITMENT STATIONS. "> w n¢<:z M. m ‘v7. ‘ . ‘Wm-aw Pflvwv > BULLETIN NC). 57. Agricultural Section-JULY, MOO-Jtlorticulture. REPORT OF BEEVILLE STATION (NUMBER 4.) (IABBAGE-Fertilizers,Varietiesfihipping, T CAULIFLOWEIPVarietie-s, Shipping. ’ TICHERW FUPERIOR LARGE LATE FLAT DUTCH. POSTOFFIGE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. AUSTIN, TEXAS: VON BOEGKMANN, SCHUTZE & 00., STATE CONTRACTORS. 1900. [l] TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENY STATIONS. OFFICERS. GOVERNING BOARD. (BOARD 0F DIRECTORS A. a M. COLLEGE.) M. SANSOM, President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Alvarado. F. A. REIOHARDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Houston. D. A. PAULUS . . . . . .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ha11ettsvi11e. P. H. TQBIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Denison. A. P. SMYTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mart. J OHN W. KOKERNOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .San Antonio. JEFFERSON J OHNSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Austin. DR. A. O. OLIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Doug1assvi11e. STATION STAFF. THE PRESIDENT——TREASURER OF THE COLLEGE. J. H. GoNNELL, M. S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Direct0r. H. H. HARRINGTON, M. S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemist. M. FRANCIS, ‘D. V. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Veterinarian. R. H. PRICE, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H0rticu1turist and ltfycologist. B. C. PITTUOK, B. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agriculturist. P. S. TILSON, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ass0ciate Chemist. W. C. MARTIN, B. KS . . . . . . . . . . = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Chemist. H. C. KYLE, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F0reman of ‘Farm. J. G. HARRISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bookkeeper. A. M. FERGUSON, M. S0 . . . . . . .Assistant Horticufigsbrist and Mycologist. SUPERINTENDENT OF BEEVILLE STATION. S. A. MOHENRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Beevi11e, Bee County. NOTE.—The main station is located on the grounds of the Agricultural arm-d Mechanical College, in Bmzos County. The pesto/flee address is COLLEGE’ STATION, TEXAS. Reports are sent free of cost to farm- ers 0/‘ the State upon application to the Director. [2] CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. B. G. Pittuck, and S. A. McHenry. The South ‘Texas cabbage crop is planted largely in cold frames from the latter part of September. Some growers plant directly in the field. and the crop cannot be so Well protected from insects during early growth. A drouthy season during the first forty days growth (about the time the plants remain in the cold frames) will either cut the crop short or neces- sitate an expenditure in irrigation equal to if not greater than ‘the expense of planting in cold frames and transplanting to the field. At the Beeville ‘Station we have in use a wire gauze house as a protec- l This method enables us to transplant healthy and vigorous plants to the field. In planting, rows are marked ofi three and one-half feet apart, using a bull tongue on a single stock. In irrigating the row or rill method is generally used. The amount of water necessary in irrigating previous to transplanting varies according to the condition of the soil- ' from $0,000 to 40,000 gallons per acre. Plants are transplanted to the edge of the irrigated furrow-s. iOultivation is done with the Planet, Jr., i5-tooth cultivator. ‘The crop is cultivated from s-ix to nine times, and hoed at’ least once during the season. ‘Irrigation takes place. whenever the crop is in need of moisture, the amount generally supplied being about .35,00'0 gallons per acre. A The Beeville Station is not located in Southwest Texas, but South Texas. It is erroneous and harmful to say that the Beeville and Corpus . Qhristi communities are located in “Southwest Texas.” Southwest icannot mature a full crop more than once in ten years. In the Beeville ountry oats, com, sorghum and cotton are grown freely wtthout trriga- a tion. "The southern section oi ‘Texas is the greatest natural truck growing egion in this country, as has been demonstrated i.n the fields and vegetable iarkets. Its possibilities are not fully realized by a large majority of age and cauliflower can be grown in their section as in any other locality, r31 ' early to middle August, and transplanted to the field from the middle to" i ‘This method eifects a saving in labor, but does not insure best results, = l tion for young plants against insects upitothe time of transplanting. I Texas is generally considered a drouthy section where even the cereals ' ts inhabitants. rMany are now well assured of the fact that as good cab- a 4 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. and in additi-on many of these know how to grow and do grow such crops. They must learn, however, that appearance of package is an important item, and that in competition with foreign truck and on foreign markets th-e matter of neat and attractive crates Will often deter-mine the fate of a car of cabbage, cauliflower, etc., irrespective of quality. A truck grower who raises 20,000 to 30,000 pounds of salable cabbage on an acre of land can make money by doing so. YBut he must fertilize his land systemati- cally, cut and pack his cabbage carefully and use crates of convenient size and shape in order to secure best results. He must study the markets and keep in touch with the dealers. ‘A regular item of expense during the shipping season should be “telegraph bills.” lThe use of the wires is indispensable to the successful shipper. But the grower of cabbage and other truck should not, in a strict sense, be a shipper. ‘Much -of the complaint we hear of between the grower and the commission man is due to the fact that in the early development of the trucking business the grower must be his own shipper, when in reality he is often ignorant of market conditions, and is not able to keep in touch with the dealers. The commission men can buy and ship to a much better advantage, and will do so when properly encouraged. Until the trucking business assumes a developed form, sufficiently large in any locality to warrant buyers to visit that section, the trucker will be at the mercy of the commission man. Few soils, if any, are naturally fertile enough to grow perfect crops of cabbage and cauliflower. (Where the supply of stable manure is lim- ited, ready cash mus-t be had for t-he purchase oil commercial fertilizers, in order that satisfactory yields and marketable crops may be secured. No doubt many crops of cabbage and cauliflower fail to give satisfactory return-s to the grower because the land was not prop-erly fertilized, thus producing late maturing, undersized heads that are not attractive and salable. ‘Better a large yield from five than a small yield from ten acres, though heavy fertilizing be required in the first case. These statements apply with peculiar force to lands under irrigation. The profits derived from the use of fertilizers with cabbage are clearly shown on pages 19-21. Applying 20,000 pounds stable manure an increase in yield of 20,368 pounds was secured—for every 1,000 pounds stable manure applied to the land, 1,000 pounds increase in yield of cabbage was marketed. The increase in yield was worth at one cent p-er pound, $203.68; the stable manure applied, at $1.00 per ton, cost $10.00. This leaves as a net profit on the investment for manure, $193.68 per acre. The best applications made were among the cheapest, costing $10.00, $6.50, $11.80 and $12.00 per acre. ‘The crops oil cabbage and cauliflower herein reported were not the firs-t grown at Beeville (see Bulletin 52). ‘Several crops of cabbage have been. grown at the station. ‘That here reported upon has been grown. in the light of f-ormer experience, and we have great confidence in the reliability of the results stated in this bulletin. CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 5 GROYVING AND MARKETING CABBAGE AND OAULIEIJOWER. While it is true that cabbage should be grown upon fertilized land only, the same position can be taken with even greater certainty where cauli- flower is the crop to be grown, because this crop needs exceedingly fertile land and careful cultivation. In some respects cauliflower is a peculiar crop, and we think the f-ol- lowing statement from an experienced Texas grower will prove helpful. We quote from Mr. Stringfellowts “New Horticulture” :* “South Texas, especially near itlTB -eo»a:st, ‘is ‘admirably adazp-ted to this vegetable for a fall crop. * t“ * The cauliflower likes a gradually decreasing ‘tempera.- t-ure, as in the tall. It should be sowed rat the same Itirne and "treated exactly Like cabbage in every respect, ‘and it is quite as easy to grow, except thart if the center bud or heart ‘is destroyed by any insect the prlarrt marwely sends up a new one, though occasionally ifirom near the ground a new sprout will rsltart up, but so ill-ate that it pays better to pull it up and replant. The IHIOSFb wimporltant point for success, nexrt to very rich ground, is the righit variety of eseed. When Hen- denson ~fiirist introduced rhis Snow Ball. cauliflower, now so well rand‘ favor-ably known, I paid hlilnl ten ‘dollars per ounce for several years and made big money at it, for =th»e heads were by fiaxr the fineist in the ‘market, and brought fianoy prices. * * * lllhere is no early wrairi-ety equal to int, but rthere ri-s 1a Large amount of so-called Snow Ball seed that are of no value art ail-l. The ground ‘can iseatr-cely be made “too ITlOlI for this crop, and should always conataiu a [full supply of potash and salt. The latter is a special iaddition for both cauliflower and cabbage, and [should never be omitted, cfor, tihough int does not seem to istimu- ~La1te growth (at all, it is, for icertaain plants, a avvondenf-ul tonic, so Ito speak. In growing cauliflower plants ma-kie a frame with mosquito bar, as with cabbage, . but, as the seeds are so costly, instead of raking in, it is better ‘to sow in very shallow drills, or else broadcast rather ‘thinly, Ito give stout plants», and after vwaterin- , cover lightly by than-d with fine soi-l, and shade. The seed will not stand quite ras deep covering and come up as ‘well as cabbage.” ‘To illustrate the growing of cauliflower by irrigation and liberal fertil- -izing some recent fact-s from a South Texas grower may be cited. Mr. Robertson, of Beeville, Texas, states that land upon which his cauliflower was grown was manured at the rate of twenty tons per acre last year—— no commercial fertilizers being used. He estimates the cost of hauling and placing this manure on his land at twenty cents per ton. This land had grown cabbage since 1890, wit-h the exception of 1897, when it was cropped with onions. Up to 1897, it had several applications of stable .man-ure, but since that time no fertilizers were applied until last fall. He irrigated at the time of planting, and but once afterwards. As the soil was not’ dry at either time, only 20,000 gallons were use-d at each irri- . gation. His water is raised from an 85-foot well and discharged into a . y reservoir at an estimated cost of two cents per 1,0-0'0 gallons. His- cauli- flower was of the very best quality, heads large and rich in color, distinctly showing the effects of a fertile soil. On the Kansas ‘City market this l “The New Horticulture,” published by the iawtlhor, H. M. (Satringfellow, Lam- ' oases. - 6 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. cauliflower brought top prices in competition with California grown cau- liflower, which arrived on the market same day. FREIGHT AND EXPRESS RATES FROM BEEVILLE, TExAs-Jllhe truck growers and the railroads have a mutual interest involved in building up a market for vegetable productsr-the railroads to advertise their terri- tory ; the truck grower to place his products on distant markets as cheaply as possible. Both must work hand in hand to Secure satisfactory results. - The following freight and express rates are now in effect: Freight rate per 100 pounds per 100 miles (less than car lots) . . .$ .35 Freight rate per 100 pounds per 100 miles (oar lots) . . . . . . . . . . . 16% Freight rate to common State points local per 100 pounds . . . . .. .47 Freight rate, car lots, to Kansas City per 100 pounds . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Express rate per 100 pounds per 100 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A5 Express rate per 100 pounds per 250 to 4.00 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Express rate to Kansas City per 100 pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 CUTTING AND PACKING OAULIFLOVVER.———V8.I'iOl1S methods of cutting are practiced by cauliflower growers. ‘Of these, two are most commonly used. ‘Some growers cut the leaves even with top of head and wrap» each head separately in paper and pack in ventilated barrels, while some out and wrap in the above -manner and pack in crates or boxes two heads deep. The other, and most popular, method of cutting is to draw the leaves together above the head and tie with stout twine. ‘This may be done some two or three days before cutting, and will greatly assist in bleaching the heads to the desired color. ‘When ready to crate, out the leaves off just above the twine, having the heads entirely protected. This aids in keeping them fresh until. they reach the market. lThe heads are .then cut and packed in crates. The last method affords good protection to the heads while handling, and seems to meet with general favor wherever used. For the Northern or Western market, where we come in contact with other stock, the “California crate” is preferable. This crate is made similar to the cabbage crate, but smaller in size. Its dimensions are 13”x18"x24”. When this crate is used sufficient leaves must be left to cover the heads. =The first tier should be placed in the crate with heads up ; the second ‘tier should be placed with the heads down, allowing the ends of the leaves over same to extend down between the ‘heads of the first tier. This last tier is placed bottom upwards so that the slats will not come in contact with the heads. ‘The remarks on cab- bage relative to appearance of crates and heads when on market applies as forcibly to cauliflower, and should be carefully looked after by all grow- i ers. ‘TIME OF CUTTING, PACKING AND SHIPPING ‘CABBAGE.—-'Cal)b&g€S Should be allowed to s-tand until well matured before cutting. Frequently immature cabbages are put on the market. Such cabbages not only lose in weight, but more frequently arrive on the market in a soft, wilted, PLATE I. THE BEEVILLE CRATE. This style crate is in special favor 0 n the market. Size—18 a: 18 a; 28inches. Cordains 49 heads. Gross weighty, 146 pounds. Net weight, Z30 pounds. CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 7 . unsalable condition. In handling care shou/ld be exercised to avoid bruis- i ing the heads. Roughly handled cabbage soon decay, and if shipped any great distance will reach the market in a worthless condition. When cab— -._ bage is sold in bulk it should be placed in a wagon with the tops of all l » heads up. ‘Hauled to market, the heads should be handed out (not thrown) at the place of delivery. After cutting it is poor policy to hold cabbage any longer than is absolutely necessary. Cutting and loading should take place same dag. After careful selection we are using the crate shown on opposite page. “ Size, 18”x18”x28”.* It has proven the most desirable crate on all p. markets tested. These crates are manufactured from po-plar, sweet gum "and cottonwood. lCrates of poplar are more desirable because of their turn top of head toward center of crate. Better to bulge the crate a little than to have the cabbage loose when it arrives on the market. (No- tice engraving, opposite page 8.) Medium sized heads (two to- five pounds) are much more desirable for shipping purposes- than head-s weigh- ' 'ng more than five pounds. tTexas grown cabbage, when properly packed and handled, has sold - for the highest prices on N ort-hern markets in competition with cabbage ‘from other States. As a rule Texas growers are careless in their methods of handling and crating cabbage. ‘The importance of careful handling and neat packing should be impressed upon every shipper. On his home arket it may matter little, but in competition with other States he pays early fo-r careless methods. It cannot be disputed that a neat package adds greatly to the value of the cabbage on the open market. , The following is what “The Kansas City Packer” said of a car of cab- bage shipped to that market February 19th, 1900, from Beeville, packed 1n crates as above described: t “Closely ‘following last weekts »arriv1al of light Texas cabbage of l-the new crop, a oar came in on Monday of this week ‘that was just the opposite in quality. ‘This ear, which comes fmom ‘the Tlexas Experiment Station eat Beeville, w-aas the “"best early cabbage that ever oame on this marrkeat, and cit. sold for more dollars n any other oar thatt ev-er ‘came ‘from Texas. It was finely striimmed and ed, and rthe iheads were solid and ‘uniform in size. Grates were all of the e size, land oontained 103 pounds net; the cnates themselves rweig1hed vtwelve - s each. People who are familiar with handling »earrly vegetables will read- y realize the extreme superiority of this shipment when the lfadb ris staxted that e was absolutely the least ‘possible shrinkage. Every crate was sold by H. C. th», rto wh-om "H1118 ‘oar (was iconsig-ned, within twelve lhourrs after rthe oar was ned, land ‘not a single crate was lost, and what was even a more remarkable ing was athat not one ovate was opened for rrep-acking. Every crate was sold ily as it was ‘taken out of the oar -and ‘the prices were good. The cabbage e of the Holland variety. Of course the Experiment Station rtook particular jfMaterial for this crate can be bought of B. U. Jarrell, Humboldt, Tenn. ,' An- ,‘ son-Tully, Memphis, Ten/n. ;, clean and white appearance. A neat package is an inducement to the . - buyer, and all growers should strive toward that end. In crating cab- ’ bage the heads should be placed in the crates so as to fit closely. Always: 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT _ STATIONS. pains in the growing of this cabbage, but it ts-luoiws- conclusively what the State can do in rthe ‘producing of vegetables, when proper methods are applied. Mr. Garth, and Mr. Baker, ‘who Iis connected with ‘the firm, were very enthusiastic over rthe matter, and ithink it one of the besit thing-s ever done in Texas in the vegetable lime. IThere is not at hand just mow detailed imfiormaition [as to the manner of growing this cabbage at the Experiment Station, but interested par- ties rwill no‘ doubt be ‘furnished such Iinfor-rnation by the Sttation upon applica- tion. It is Ito be hoped Ithat the South will heed this successful effort of the Station ito improve the quality of early vegetables. ‘Generally ‘attained, such success rwoul-d add thousands ef dollars ‘annually ito rthe Southern vegetable grow- ers’ income.” The car of cabbage referred to above sold as follows, data taken from f. the account sales rendered to.S. A. MeH-enry by ‘Mr. H. C. Garth: t “KANsAs CITY, Mo., 2/20/1900. l Account sales for S. A. McHenry, by H. C. Garth. N0. 279. Redd 2/19/00. 66 crates cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$118 97 Al 13 crates cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 <13 8 31 crates cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55 87 ‘f 87 crates cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 156 80 i 11 sax cabbage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 13 1 crate cauliflower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 00 $378 20 f Freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$95 2'0 '3 Cartage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 00 1T Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 70 $138 90 Net proceeds . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $239 30” ‘The one crate of cauliflower noted consis-ted of a few heads packed in a cracker box. These were sent to test keeping qualities ‘while reaching that point by freight. tThey arrived in good condition. CosT OF GROWING ONE Acnn or CABBAGE T0 MATURITY.——T'l1e follow- ing estimate of cos-t of growing cabbage to maturity is based on labor at $1.00 per day and team at l$1.50 per day. t This will perhaps be near the average cost -of labor in this State, but at the Beeville ‘Station man labor ranges from b-etween fifty and seventysfive cents per day without board- 25% to 50% less than is charged below: Plowing, harrowing and marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 2.00 One-half pound seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Fifteen hours work on seed bed at various times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Two andpne-half days work transplanting to field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 One days work hoeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Two day-s work (eight cultivations——m>an and horse) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.50 Spraying twice (material 60 cents, labor $1.00) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.60 Total cost to maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i$12.85 __‘m-__ 4 , .I—\ CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER 9 ‘To this statement must be added cost of fertilizers (see table, p. 17), irrigation, handling, crating and shipp-ing. Such expenses vary with the individual, shipper, seasons and the soil. BURNING AND SPRAYING CABBAGE PEsTs.—About the middle of November the crop was attacked by the green cabbage worm, and serious damage was threatened. To check same the plants were sprayed with Resin Lime Mixture, November 18th. On November 20th a hard rain washed the poison from the plants and the worms renewed their ravages. The plants were again sprayed with the Resin Lime Mixture, November 23rd, which practically destroyed the worms. The following experience in spraying cabbage during the seas-on of 1898-99 has proven of value in protecting the crop lat the Station: Up to the time of the freeze the plants had not been troubled with insects. The freeze left the plants in a weak condition, in fact, it might be said, in a condition to encourage the breeding of insects. About the middle of March both the Harlequin bug and cabbage worm appeared. i1 On the five plots that survived the freeze in best condition nothing was used but the Hot Blast Blow Torch.* ‘This was used on the cabbage at i three different times, and proved very effective in destroying both the ' Harlequin bug and the cabbage worm, with no apparent damage to the A plants. i a Besides the crop already mentioned we had about forty thousand cab- Fi; bage gr-owin-g as a general crop, from which we had hoped to obtain some valuable data both as to yields and market values of a few of the leading varieties; ‘These were of various ages, from small plants to heads ready to cut. All these were practically ruined by the freeze as far as commer- cial value was concerned. ' About one-half acre of mixed plants that were on higher ground stood the flreeze somewhat better than others_, and these i‘: were allowed to remain in order that a study could be made of the Harle- l quin bug and other insectsl After this plot was well infested the follow- ing s-pray mixtures were used, us-ing three rows for each mixture and f, leaving three rows without spraying between each of three rows treated: i‘ 1.—Resin Lime Mixture. 2.—Kerosene- Emulsion. 3.—~Kerosene Emulsion and Pyrethum Powder—usring one-half of the ,t powder to one gallon of liquid. 1 4..—Resin Lime Mixture containing two quart-s of stock solution Kero- i sene Emulsion to each five gallons. Worms and seemed to drive (not kill) the Harlequin bugs from the plants for a few days. ‘This mixture adheres to the plant better, and is more {lasting than any other we have used. The Kerosene Emulsion, both with and without the Pyrethum Powder, Zseemved of little value. _ if ‘The Resin Lime Mixture and Kerosene Emulsion used in combination M. l? *'.[‘»h-is was bought of The YV-hite rMfg. 60., Chicago, Ill. . . Results.--The Resin Lime Mixture proved very fatal to the cabbage ' 10 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. came very near killing all plants upon which it was used. Afterwards the Hot Blast Blow ‘Torch was used o-n this plot of cabbage, and both the Harlequin bugs and the green. cabbage worms were killed. Kerosene Emulsion may be used to advantage on young Harlequin bugs, but it cannot be used str-ong enough to kill the mature bugs without injury to the plants. Formula for Resin Lime ‘Mixture: 5 pounds resin. 1 pint any animal oil except tallow. ‘l pound concentrated lye. 5 gallons water. 2% pounds quick lime. 1%; pounds Paris green. This wi'll make one hundred gallons when ready for use. ("Formula taken from Fifteenth Annual Report New York Station, page 622.) -HARDINESS or OABBAGE—VARIETIES.———EXpeI‘l6IlC6 during the season of 1898-99, coupled with previous» observations, show that the Danish Ball Head, when plants are small, will not stand any greater degree of cold than the average variety. ' If heads are two-thirds grown they will stand more cold than any other variety we have tested. For extreme hardiness in all stages of growth the Frot-schefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutch has proven better than any other variety. After the freeze of February, 1899, the following five varieties were the only ones that promised to make anything, and they were badly dam- aged: Hendersoms Early Summer, Louderback’s All Year, Frotscher’s Superior Large Late Flat ‘Dutch, Burpeets Sure Head, and Solid South. The cabbage had only been transplanted to the field forty-one days when the freeze occurred. There were no signs of heading at the time the plants were killed. Had the first planting (planted in the seed bed August 16th, and transplanted to the field September 20th) succeeded, the early varieties would have matured about February 1st, and the later kinds would have been two-thirds grown by the time the freeze occurred. Within recent years the coldest weather has- generally been experienced between February 15th and 25th. Hence, the lesson seems clear that . by planting early maturing ‘varieties during the early fall (about August 1st), the crop may reasonably be expected to mature ahead of the disas- trous freezes of February, should they occur. "TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL AND IRRIGAT1oN.——To mature cabbage and cauliflower ahead of the severe freezes is a feature of truck gro-wing that has received much attention by truck growers. In South Texas Febru- ary is the month most dreaded. Early planting must be supplemented with liberal fertilizing to secure best results in this direction. The idea is to force the growth of the plant into as short a space of time as possible. The events of the past season regarding temperature and rainfall are indicated in the following statements: _ o 3-:.~&.-.<2.» " CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. ~ 1i During October we had frequent showers, and during November and December several showers and considerable fog. December 1st, white frost. December 4th, a light freeze, although the thermometer registered only 32% degrees. . January 29th, the mercury fell to 26 degrees, which did no-t damage the growing crop. On the contrary, it was a benefit, inasmuch as ii; checked the ravages of the green cabbage worm. ‘February 18th, the most severe freeze -of the season occurred, thermome- ter registering 20 degrees. This fre-eze tested the casbb-age severely, and practically ruined the remaining cauliflower. While the freeze killed but few plants of the hardy varieties of cabbage, it had a decided influence ‘f? on the yield, causing some varieties to fail to head and others to mature if. soft and loose heads. About 20% of the cabbage not matured at this time was damaged. lHeavy rains came at the time when part of the fcauliflower crop was ready ‘to cut, and did considerable damage to the ,5’ heads. Dark spots appeared, which injured their value as a salable pro- ‘a duct. lFollowing was the rainfall in inches during the growing season , Lof cabbage and cauliflower, during 1899-1900. The average monthly rain- fall from September 1st to April 1st was 3.132 inches, which is slightly above the average: ' ‘.1 ,~Sept. 1, Rainfall ......... .. .375 inches. Dec. 20, Rainfall ......... .. .4 inches. 2 “ ......... .. .2 “ 1, “ ......... .. .25 “ s: “ ......... .. .225 “ 22, “ ......... .. .25 ~ 12, “ ......... ..1.4 “ Jan. 5, “ ......... .. .575 17, “ ......... .. .1 “ s, “ ......... .135 e . 1o “ ......... .. .65 e 1o, “ ......... .. .7 e 20: “ ......... ..1.o5 “ Feb. 5. ......... .. .32 ‘I 23 “ ......... .. .675 “ 12' “ ......... .. .7 a 24’ “ ......... .. .775 “ Mar. 1e’ “ .. 1 271 “ ......... .. .4 “ 1's: “ I1 e 2s, “ ......... .. .05 “ 22, “ .975 ‘I 1, “ ......... .. .27 “ 2s, “ ......... .. .5 e s, “ ......... .. .95 “ 24, “ ......... ..2. 20, “ ......... ..1.25 “ 26, ......... ..1. e 23, “ ......... .. .5 “ 27, “ ......... .. .475 7, “ ......... .. .775 April s, “ ......... .. .5 r‘ s, “ ......... ..1.5s75 “ 7, “ ......... ..1.25 “ 1s, “ ......... .. .05 “ 22, “ ......... .. .s75 “ Cost of irrigation varies from year to year. ‘The past season was, gen- ally speaking, moist, and required only two irrigations. Cost of irriga- on water per 1000 gallons varies from two to eight cents, at which rates irrigation of thirty thousand gallons per acre would cost 6'0 cents and .40, respectively. lWith cabbage and cauliflower water is cheap at “.40 per acre when the crop is in need of’ moisture. With either cabbage ; cauliflower there are times when the delay of even one day in irrigating '11 cause a heavy loss in .salab-le products. ‘This point should be care- Xly watched, and if possible, the grower should always be ready for an Vergency by having a sufficient amount of water on hand for immediate 12 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. VARIETY TlElST WITH CABBAGE—-1899-190‘0. At ‘this Station more than sixty varieties of cabbage have been tested fluring the past three seasons. ‘During 1897-98 thirty-four varieties; 1898-99 thirty varieties, and during 18994900 ten varieties. The first two seasons’ work recommended to -our special notice seven varieties, and thes-e, together with three other varieties that were being at that time extensively advertised, were selected ‘for further test. ‘Six of the seven ‘varieties previously grown gave satisfactory results the past season— jDanis-h ‘Ball Head only making a partial failure. (See p. 10 for discussion of hardiness.) ‘Of the three varieties added to our list the past season ronly one has proven of any value. In the Charleston Wakefield we have a cabbage maturing the bulk of its crop as early as the Early Jersey Wake- ifield, and at the same time making larger heads and a better yield. ‘The February freeze did some damage to all varieties, and reduced the yields. lThe fre-eze damaged the Premium Elat Dutch, Danish Ball Head and Quedlinburg Winningstadt varieties more than any other. ‘PLANTING, CULTIVATION AND IRRIGATION.-—All varieties included in ‘this test were planted in wire gauze seed house (cold frames) August 12th, 1899, germinating to a good s-tand between August 14th and 17th. Land used was m-anured during 1897 with stable manure at the rate of twenty tons per acre. Since that time it has been cropped with vegeta- lbles with no later application of fertilizer. September 15.—1Land was plowed seven inches deep with disc plow and ithoroughly harrowed. _ ‘September 21.—Rows were marked off 3% feet apart and irrigated at ‘the rate of 30,000 gallons per acre. At this time the plants were in good eondition, and were transplanted to the edge of the furrow through which ‘the water had run. ‘The early plants (‘Early Jersey Wakefield, Charleston "Wakefield, Qued- ilinburg Winningstadt, Early Summer and Stein’s Early Flat Dutch) were set eighteen inches apart in the row, while the late varieties (All ZSea-sons, Frotschefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutch and Danish Ball Head) were allowed twenty inches in the row. ‘ ‘September 23.—~—(lultivate-d with Planet, Jr., 12-tooth cultivator. ‘October 5.——~Irrigat~ed at the rate of 30,000 gallons per acre. ‘October 13.—-1Cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator twice to row. November 2.—~Cultivat.ed with Planet, Jr., 5-tooth cultivator twice to irow. ‘ November 4.—*Hoed. November 10.—-1C‘ultivated with Planet, Jr., 5-‘tooth cultivator twice to row. ‘November 28.~Cu‘ltivated with Planet, Jr, 5-tooth cultivator twice to row. wwrg~ww~vw~w~q~ PLOT I. EARLY JERSEY WAKEFIELD. Yield per acre, 13,648 pounds. PLOT II. CHARLESTON WAKEFIELD. Yield per acre, 13,726 pounds. PLOT III. QUEDLINBURG WINNINGSTADT. Yield per acre, 12,819. PLOT IV. R E M M U S Y L R A E eld per acre, 23 ,49I pounds. Yi H C T U D T A L F Y L R A E H5 N TL E T S I ield per acre, 28,994 pounds. PLOT VI. ALL SEASONS. Yield per acre, 23,625 pounds. L PLOT v11. FROTSGHERS SUPERIORLARGE LATE FLAT DUTCH. Yield per acre, 25,810 pounds. PLOT VIII. AUTUMN KING. Yield per acre, 25.935 pmflldfi. PLOT IX. PREMIUM FLAT DUTCH. Yield per acre. 17,484 po/am/zds. PLOT X. DANISH BALL HEAD. Yield per acre, 19,456 pounds. CABBAGE AND CAUEIFLOWER. 13 December 6.——Oultivated with Planet, Jr., 5-tooth cultivator -once to OW. ‘January 7.——Oultivated with Planet, Jr., 5-tooth cultivator once to 0w. January 20.—-'Plots 4 to 10, inclusive, cultivated once to row. / DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIE-S. 1. Early Jersey Wakefieldr-Seed fr-om The Livingston Seed Oo., ifgOolumibrus, Ohio. Germinated to a good stand iAugus-t 15th; first ma.- jured December lst ; last matured March 21st. 335 plants matured 314 *;;(93.7370) salable heads weighing 551 pounds. Best cutting February jl‘3th—'70 heads, Weighing 120 pounds (217770 of full crop). Heads irconical, very firm and whiten well when matured; stem medium length jvith scant pale green leaf growth. Yield-ed 13,648 pounds per acre. 1' 2. Charleston Wakefieldr-‘Seed from O. W. Eiichling, New Orleans, a. lGerminated to poor stand August 15th; first matured December H th; last matured March 21st; 191 plants matured 186 (97.i3'870) sala-- heads weighing 31612- pounds. Best cutting January 16th——37 heads léeighing 65 pounds (20537; of full crop). While this variety did not. at-ure heads as early as the Early Jersey Wakefield, it matures the bulk -'1L_ the crop even earlier. The heads are larger and less pointed than the arly Jersey Wakefield, and is evidently an improvement on that variety. ‘ielded 13,726 pounds per acre. :3. Qaedllnburg Winvniaystadt.—Seed from T. H. ‘Thompson & Co, ouston, ‘Texas. IGerminated to a good standrAugust 15th ; first matured Iceméber 26th; last matured ‘March 12th. 356 plants matured 345 6.9070) salable heads weighing 550% pounds. Best cutting January ih.——78 heads weighing 122 pounds ( 22.16% of full crop). Heads very f pointed and firm; stem medium length with medium growth of dark ‘in foliage. This variety was diseased; we frequently found dark reaks through the heads, even before we had any severe freezes sufli- ntly cold to cause same. Yielded 12,819 pounds per acre. . 1;. Early Summerr-sSeed from O. W. Eichling, New Orleans, La. rm-inated to a fair stand August 17th; first matured January 8th ; last ig-tured March 12th. i169 plants matured 169 (10070) salable heads ighing 478%" pounds. Bes-t cutting February 13th—41 heads weighing ‘ , I (29.6770 full crop). Heads flat, firm and of good color. medium length; medium leaf growth. One of the best early varie- 7;: Yielded 23,491 pounds per acre. I; Steinfs Early Flat Datch.——'Seed from J. Steckler Seed Co, New cleans, La. Germinated to a good stand August 15th; first matured uary 16th; last matured March 20th. 281 plants matured 281 _%) salable heads Weighing 982 pounds. Best cutting February 13th ‘i339 heads weighing 558 pounds (568270 fu-‘ll crop). -A second early variety; stem medium to long, with rank growth of light green ‘J .3» x Y l we "d O c I3 Q- (I1 l . 34 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. foliage. Heads are larger in size than the Early Summer, ‘but not so’ firm. Yielded 28,994 pounds per acre. 6. All SeasonsraSeed from The Livingston Seed Oo., ‘Columbus, Ohio. . Germinated to a good stand August 15th; first matured January 16th ; a last matured March 21st. 303 plant-s matured 301 (99.33%) salable' heads weighing 999 pounds. Bes-t cutting February 13th—~141 heads] weighing 629 pounds (629670 full crop). Heads round, medium as tofi», firmness; stem medium le-ngth with an abundant growth of foliage. A good late variety. ~Yielded 23,625 pounds per acre. 7 . Frotschefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutoh.—-'Seed from The J. Steckler Seed 0-0., New ‘Orleans, La. ‘Germinated to a good stand August 16th ; first matured January 16th; last matured March 21st. 382 plants matured 381 (997370) salable heads weighing 12901} pounds. Best cut- v. ting February 13th——i186 heads weighing 830 pounds (64.31% full crop). Heads fiat and firm; stems short with an abundant growth of dark green 4 foliage. ‘One of the v-ery best late varieties. Stand-s freezing better at ' Q56“ all stages than any other variety. Yielded 25,810 pounds per acre. "f; 8. Autumn King.—~Seed from The Livingston Seed 00., Columbus, Ohio. iGerminated to a good stand August 14th; first matured January 16th; last matured March 211st. 363 plants matured 362 (99.72%) f- salable heads weighing 1250-; pounds. Best cutting February 13th—-244 f; heads weighing 940 pounds (7r5.16% full crop). Heads deep, fiat and 1F firm; stem medium length with an abundant growth of dark green foliage. »One of the best late varieties. Yielded 25,935 pounds per acre..j 9. Premium Flat DutchrsS-eed from ‘T. H. Thompson 8t Oo., Hous- ton, ‘Texas. ‘Germinated to a good stand August 14th; first matured J an- f; uary 16th ; last matured March 12th. 378 plants matured 265 (70.10%)=V;., salable heads weighing 935% pounds. Best cutting February 13th—-142 heads weighing 636 po-unds (679870 full crop). Heads globular, very firm, stem very long, foliage bluish green. Very badly damaged by the“ February freeze. Yielded 17,484 pounds per acre. (The above was, nothing more than a poor strain of Danish Ball Head)‘ _ 10. Danish Ball H ead.——~Seed from C. W. Eichling, "New Orleans, La: '1 i. Germinated to a poor stand August 16th; first matured January 16; last matured March 21st. 186 plants matured 127 (68.27%) salable heads gi weighing 484% pounds. Best cutting February 13th——9'4 heads weighing "f5; 394 pounds (8>1.111% full crop). Heads globular, very firm; stem very m‘. long and ‘foliage bluish green. Badly damaged by the February freeze. Yielded 19,456 pounds per acre. T; CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 15 Table Showing Yields of Ten Varieties of Cabbage. VARIETY g .5. "g CABBAGE. 2 E =3 5, 3 e: 3 $5 as? 5. 33 s8 ss ass is Varieties. egg .1 3 gee 5% g “is “Sea: 33 ‘T p“? 5% s. “$5 5 §§ s: “SE - u a a, -»$ o E's: Iii é 522% s3 s s3 3355 i5 z “i z‘ "“ d? ' i? 5 =2‘ Early Jersey Wakefield ................ .. 107 111 93.73 1.75 13648 137/7 00 _ r ' . 0 . i; Charleston Wakefield ....... .......... .. 133 95 97.30 1.70 1372612/16/00 ‘ . "5377 Quedlinburg Winningstadt ........... .. 133 76 96.90 1.59 12819 8/60 .167 .0 Early Summer .............................. .. 144 0a 100.00 2.83 23491 2/137/000 _ ‘ 29.0 % Stein’s Early Flat Dutch ............. .. 154 63 100.00 3.49 28994 2/2 13 / 00 6 .967 All Seasons .................................. .. 154 64 99.33 3.31 23625 2/ 13 /000 f; . 62.967 L; Frotscher’s Superior Large Late 153 64 99.73 3.38 25810 2/ 13/0 00 ; Flat Dutch. 64.31% Autumn King ............................... .. 155 64 90.72 3.45 25935 2/13/00 75.167 Premium Flat Dutch ................... .. 155 55 70.10 3.53 17484 2/13/000 ‘t; ‘ 67.987 0' Danish Ball Head ......................... .. 153 64 68.27 3.81 19456 2/13/000 i 81.11% g The value of this data Will be appreciated at once by the practical ‘tigrower, as it shows clearly the number of days he may expect to wait l-Hfor his crop to mature a first cutting, also the length of time required for ‘ all plants to mature after first cutting; also per cent. of transplanted {plants that mature salable heads, weight of heads acn-d per cent. of full ‘facrop at best cutting. lEarly or late planlting may determine the choice =sof variety to be used and the foregoing data is given with the idea of ‘aiding cabbage growers to select judiciously. 16 A TEXAS ‘AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. FERTILIZER TEST WITH CABBAGE. In planning this test it was. decided to use both an early and a late variety fl‘. of cabbage, and plant so as to have them reach maturity at about the same time. IWith this object in view the Early Jersey Wakefield and Frot- scher’s Superior Large Late Flat Dutch cabbage were selected for the test. The latter variety was planted in plant house August 15, 1899, and the Early Jersey Wakefield just one month later. The land selected for this test had been in cultivatio-n four years, but no fertilizers had ever been applied before growing this crop. Fertilizers were applied t-o. 1 a one-twentieth acre plots. ‘One-half of each plot (one-fortieth acre) was set to Early Jersey Wakefield and the other half to Frotschefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutch cabbage. Actual yields from one-fortieth acre plots (for each variety) are given in tabular form, together with estimate yields per acre and value of crop, less cost of manures used. ‘Fertilizers were purchased of the Standard Guano and Chemical Man- ufacturing Company, of New Orleans, La.; Shreveport Fertilizer 0-0., o-f p Shreveport, La., and Hanna & Leonard, of Galveston, Texas. iCost of applications is based on the cost of material on board cars at the ship- _ ping point, leaving freight rates to be estimated by the reader. ‘The increasing popularity of commercial fertilizers in Texas demand the open- inig of more fertilizer depots in the State. (Handling fertilizers in car load lots reduces the cost to a great extent. Under present circumstances, Where the farmer would not be able to purchase fertilizers from outside markets, Texas dealers can deliver the goods at nearest depot at a much less cost. . In growing this crop of cabbage, stable manure, applied either as a simple application or in combination, gave best results. ‘The commercial fertilizers, however, were not ideally applied. While stable manure was listed in the soil October 1st, all commercial fertilizers were applied November 16th——f0rty-five days after Late Flat Dutch cabbage, and thirty-seven days after Jersey Wakefield were transplanted. The effect _ of stable manure was noticeable two weeks after transplanting, while the effect of commercial fertilizers was not noticeable until about six weeks after date of application, showing that these applications should have been made much earlier. _ ‘The proper time for a.pply-ing commercial fertilizers can only be deter- mined by experimental investigation. Usually, applications of kainit are made two to four weeks previous to transplanting, and others at time of setting in field. It might be said that the results here presented are not accurateindications of the real value of the commercial fertilizers that were used for this cabbage crop. ‘This is probably true. Had the appli- cations been made at an earlier date ‘the various elements of plant food f: contained would have been available for the plant at an earlier period of their growth, and when most needed. We conclude that all commercial FIGURE I. ma: 10.-Check (no fertilizer). A Yield per acre 13032 pounds. Average weight of heads, 2.14 pounds. _LOT 72-20000 lbs. stable manure. Yield per acre. 339.96 pounds. Average weight of heads, 4.85 pounds. LOT 13. 400 lbs. bone black. Yield per acre. 18276 pourzd-s. Average welghi of Treads. 2.71 pounds. 1000 lbs. bat guano. PLOT 14"‘ 3000 lbs wood ashes. Yield per acre, 25028 pounds. Average weight of heads, 3.48 pounds. PLOT 15.—800 lbs. acid phosphate. Yield per acre, 12948 pounds. Average weight of heads, 2.57 pounds. FIGURE I1. I 10. ——Oheck (no fertilizer). l Yield per acre, 130.32 pounds. Average weight of heads, 2.14 joounds. 800 lbs. bone meal. 800 lbs. kainit. Yield per acre. 23968 pounds. Average weight of heads, pounds. 9 Q2500 lbs. ground tankage. 400 lbs. bat guano. PLOT 3.— 400 lbs. acid phosphate. l 200 lbs. muriate potash. Yield per acre, 28386 pounds. Av%a%e weight of heads, 13.9.9 pounds. .0 _ 5 l s. muriate potas . PLOT 1”‘ )4 800 lbs. ground tankage. Yield per acre, 20836 pounds. Average weightof heads, 2.95 pounds. FIGURE III. #1 '1.‘ 10.—(Jheck (no fertilizer.) ‘ Yield per aere, 13032 pounds. . g Average weight of heads, 2.14 pounds. 500 lbs. bat guano. = T. 5.— §700 lbs. acid phosphate. a 600 lbs. kainit. Yield per aere, 22.908 pounds. ; a Average weight of heads. 3.28 pounds. X. 6 __j 10000 lbs. stable manure. . ' i 3000 lbs. Wood ashes. I Yield per aere, 29344 pounds. Average weight of heads, 4.05 pounds. 800 lbs. bone meal. PLOT‘ (‘k-l 800 lbs. ground tlankage. Yield per aere, 18.992 pounds. Average ioe/ight of heads, 2.77 pounds. PLOT 11.—800 lbs kainit. Yield per aere, 13516 pounds. Average weight of heads, 2.17 pounds. I} tor. CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 17 fertilizers, except the nitrates and muriates, should be applied to the soil- from one to four weeks before transplanting, depending -on the form of fertilizer used, the crop to be grown, fertility of land, and probable rain- fall. The nitrates and muriates» are more quickly available than other forms of fertilizers, and may waste if applied too soon. ' Oost of fertilizers were charged against the cr-op at the following rates per 100 p-ounds or per ton, basing the estimates on prices at point of man- ufacture:* Acid Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ .70 per 100 or $ 14.00 per ton. Kainit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 per 100 -or 14.00 per ton, Muriate of Pot-ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.50 per 100 or 50.00 per ton. Ground Tankage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .70 p-er 100 or 14.00 per ton. . Bone Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.00 per 100 or 140.00 per ton. Bone Meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.30 per 10-0 or 26.00 per ton. Bat Guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.00 per 100 or 20.00 per ton. Nitrate of Soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.75 per 100 or 55.00 per ton. Sulphate of Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.00 per 100 or 60.00 per ton- Dried Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.50 per 100 or 50.00 per ton. Sulphate of Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.00 per 100 or 60.00 per ton. Stable Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .05 per 100 o-r 1.00 per ton. Wood \Ashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .05 per 100 or 1.00 per ton. PLANTING, IRRIGATION AND C'ULTIVATION.——~S€pt9II1b6I‘ 26th, the land was plowed six inches deep and thoroughly harrowed. lOctober 1st the rows were marked off 31}- feet apart with 8-inch shovel. On plots 6, 7 and 8 a lister was run through each row, opening the furrow . to a depth of five inches. Stable manure was strewn in the furrows and mixed with the soil by running a narrow shovel through each row three times. E-ach row to be set in late cabbage was irrigated at the rate of 40,000 gallons per acre, using the rill or row method. October 2nd the Late Flat Dutch plants were transplanted to the edge of the irrigated furrows, placing them twenty inches apart in the row. October 3rd, cultivated with 5-tooth Planet, J r., cultivator. [October 13th, cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator. iOctdber 18th, land used for Early Jersey Wakefield irrigated at the rate of 40,000 gallons per a-cre and the plants transplanted to the field eighteen inches apart in the row. ‘ October 20th, all plants cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-toot-h cultivator. November 2nd, all plants cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultiva- tor. November 10th, all plan-ts cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-t-0oth cultiva- *'l‘-he rates on ifertilizens in carload lots from New Orleans to Beevil-le tare $5.00 per ton; from Galveston to Beevilile, $2.23; from Slh-reveporlt, $3.60; from Houston, $1.83. 18 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERHVIENT STATIONS. -N_=ovember 15th, hoed. ‘November 16th, commercial fertilizers applied and all plants culti- vated. November 28th, cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator. December 16th, cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator. January 7th, cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator once to row. January 20th, cultivated with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator once to row. Before applying the fertilizers, the soil was Worked from the plan-ts by the use of “side hoes” on a Planet, J r., cultivato-r frame. All commer- cial fertilizers were applied in drills at each side of row. Immediately after appl? cation of fertilizers were made the soil was worked back to the plants with Planet, J r., 5-tooth cultivator. - Novemlber 24th, cabbage sprayed with the Resin Lime Mixture for the green cabbage worm. Within two weeks from time of setting plants the effect of the applica- tions of stable manure could be easily seen, and ‘from that time on they main-tained a more vigorous growth than any other plants in the test. The effect of applications of commercial fertilizers was not noticeable until about January 1st, or forty-five days from date of application, after which date a more vigorous growth was noticed on plots that finally made the better yields. Plots 15, 16 and 17 did poorly from the beginning. We failed to ge-t a good stand on these plots at time of transplanting, an-d at no time did they put on a thriflty appearance. ‘The Early Jersey Wakefield, from some unknown cause, did not do well when first transplanted, and never reached what might ‘be called a good, thrifty condition. In all our work We have found this variety more susceptible to injury from transplanting than the later and coarser ' varieties. Tables one and two show effect of fertilizer applications upon growth and yield of Frotschefs ‘Superior Large Late Flat Dutch cabbage. Heads on unfertilized plots averaged pounds each. Plots 6, '7 and 8, rfceiv- ing applications of manure singly and in connection with commercial fertilizers, made largest heads. The average for the three plots being 4.33 pounds per head. An application of stable manure at the rate of 20,000 pounds per acre made largest yield, with heads averaging 4.85 pounds each. Heads of Early Jersey Wakefield cabbage on unfertilized plots» aver- aged 1.16 pounds each. Plots 6, '7 and 8, receiving applications of manure, singly and in combination with commercial fertilizers, made largest heads, the average for the three plots being 1.89 pounds per head. Single applications of stable manure at the rate of 20.000 pounds per acre made largest yield, with heads averaging 2.12 pounds each. Fertilizer Test with F1 $6. Fertilizer Applications per Acre. Check (no fertilizer) .................................. .. 800 lbs. ground tankage. 800 lbs. bone meal ........ .. 800 lbs. kainit .............. .. 400 lbs. bat guano ......... .. 400 lbs. acid phosphate... 200 lbs. muriate potash... 700 lbs. ground tankage. 800 lbs. bone black ....... .. 200 lbs. muriate potash.. 500 lbs. bat guano ......... .. 700 lbs. acid phosphate 600 lbs. kainit .......... .; .... .. 10,000 lbs. stable manure... 0 3,000 lbs. wood ashes """""""""""""""""" " 20,000 lbs. stable manure ............................ .. 0 10,000 lbs. stable manure... l l l l l 400 lbs. acid phosphate. 600 lbs. kainit ............. .. 800 lbs. bone meal.....-.. 800 lbs. ground tankage - - - - - » . . . ¢ - - . 5 - - | - - ~- g ............ ..; .... .. Check (no fertilizer) .................................. .. $’.800lbs.kadnit .............................................. 1 0 500 lbs. muriate potash..... 0 800 lbs. ground tankage.... """""""""" " 700 lbs bone black ....................................... .. 1,000 lbs. bat guano...“ 0 4 3 00000 000 W000 00000 ......................... .. 800 lbs. acid phosphate ............................... .. 600 lbs. cotton seed meal ............................ .. 0 300 lbs. cotton seed meal... 0 250. lbs. acid phosphate """"""""""""""" " Dateol Feb. 13. Feb. 21 Feb. 28. lMarckh 17., <1; é vi f3 . <5 i’ 3s » L? '6 '6 ' 73 "a E 3- 3 '3 3 33 3 2% 3 §> 3 is 3 1% 2 é 2 2 2 é 2 é 15 53 27. 39 53 130 1 31 47 199 39 143 35 119.1. 73 75 354 34 132 45 144 1 34 27 112 31 100 47 129 1 31 42 202 55 170 21 57 1i 3% 34 429 33 211 11 32 1 9 94 530 44 131 4 11 1 94 73 375 48 151' 4 11 1 ,71 33 112 30 73 13 39 1 4 13 50 20 52 30 30 1 31 20 50 17 3 30 57 1 3 52 203 53 1431 9 22 1. 34 25 30 59 177 13 37 1 63 42 170 33 237 3 ’13 1 31 13 72 ............... .. 19 33 1, 7 35 104 ............... .. 4 3..“ ....... 1 15 43 ............................ ., ............ 1 0'*Outting of March 17, 1900, was for the purpose of photographing a representative head from each plot. ,1 // TABLE I. 1th Frotschefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutch. Date of Cuttings and Actual Yields (1-40 Acre Plotsn Q5 7-1 C) 21gb 17. March 19. April 2. April 10. April 20. Mayl June 1 Total. ° 2 fi c6 a8 r3 - <6 c6 :3 g5 9Q . q; . q; . q; . q; . u.» . cu . q: . q; “<5 4 4 3 4 3 94 3 a 3 4 3 4 3 -= 3 = g ; "a é "a g "a 3;; . 3 g ‘s i; ‘s g :2- ;? "a fig?“ ' a9 ‘ P +9 49 P +3 43 .1; i f?» “<5. ‘F2 i‘: TE» ‘E: i» “B. é "5. f3» “a 2 é’ 2 2 2 2 2 é 2 2, 2 2 2 2 2 2 ii 7 34 43 69 1 2 4 5 2 2 2 54 143 3344 14224 74 41 93 1 2 ............ .. 1 3 2 44 ...... .. 167 5764 23963, 64 16 52 1 2 2 5 .................................. .. 174 6954 23336 1 64 39 94 6 114 2 54 . ................................ .. 153 4534 19944 34 33 94 7 17 - 2 4 1 14 .................... .. 167 5494 22903 9 13 25 3 9 1 1 1 14 ......... .. 177 7174 29344 1 94 20 66 2 4 .............................................. .. 165 3014 33996 2 74 30 103 3 5 ......... .. 1 41-4 2 74 .. 162 6664 23263 1 4 7- 201 3 44 '1 14 1 2 .... ............ .. 159 442 13992 34 61 116 6 3 ...................... .. 6 104 14o 2994 13032 3 71 144 4 5 1 2 ........................ .. 1 2 145 316 13516 64 44 104 4 6 2 4 ......... .. 3 3 1.63 497 20336 64 51 124 5 74 .. ............................................... .. 159 4324 13276 34 39 124 1 24 ........ .. 1 1 ...... .......... .. 175 6104 25023 7 57 131 ............ .. 2 5 ........ .. 2 '34 ........ .. 99 2544 12943 ......... .. 51 103 3 44 93 294 11340 ....... .. 56 109 4 5 2 4 2 34 79 1694 3952 mch plot. I .a.rge Late Flat Dutch. -40 Acre Plots» g’ ' E g L0. April 20. May 1 June 1 y Total. Z’? g g i g i’: ‘H 5 m T3 3 - 1G C6 C3 5'5 CD ~ Pg Q i 4* '33 Q‘: Qg > . cu . o: - ca . q; -— 5 P3: 5 E~ Q C... .1 Q0 1 g s: ,§ Q g s: é‘ s -‘>=o 3 Q o EM: 3-4 g . g s ~ s! =+- :6 2- :6 H . c} =~ wzL >4”: "‘ g"; o <19 a w O cu Q ® .0‘ w c :0 Q O - O w“ H = 5 a Q += Q a 5‘ a 1Q g 9 c _ O O ’ 2 é’. 2 é’ 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 2 5 2 2 2 51} . ...... .. 148 3342 14224 ...................... .. $141.24 .......... .. . 1 3 2 4i . ...... .. 167 576% 23968 / 10340 $103.40 217.08 $ 21.60 5 .................................... .. 174 695% 28386 14758 147.58 72.08 11.80 5% .................................... .. 153 45811 19944 6316 63.16 133.54 65.90 4 1 1% ...................... .. 167 549i 2290.8 9280 92.80 214.98 14.10 1 1 11} .. .. ....... 177 7171} 29344 15716 157.16 286.94 6.50 .............................. .. 165 801% 33996 20368 203.68 329.96 10.00 1 1% 2 7% . 162 666% 28268 14640 146.40 270.68 12.00 11} 1 2 . . . . ..\ ............ .. 159 4 442 18992 5364 53.64 173.92 16.00 ....... .. 6 ' 102: ..... .. 140 299% 13032 .......... ..‘.' ......... .. 130.32 .......... .. 2 ....... .. ....... .. 1 2 145 316 13516 —l12 —1.12 129.56 5.60 4 ....... .. 3 8 . . . . . . .. 1.68 497 20836 7208 72.08 190.26 18.10 ......................................... .. 159 43251“ 18276 4648 46.48 133.76 49.00 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 175 610% 25028 11400 114.00 238.78 11.50 5 ............ .. 2 ' 3i- . 99 254% 12948 ~680 —6.80 123.88 5.60 ..................................... . . 93 29% 11340 —2288 -22.88 108.90 4.50 2 a 4 2 3% ........ .. 79 169% 8952 —4676 —46.76 85.52 4.00 Fertilizer Test 1 - x E'F'.§'7“‘§""1T*T""~Y'TTY‘3'"“"T’ "'- Date of C Feb. 13 Feb. 28 ‘ IMarch 12. March 26. Fertilizer Applications per Acre. '0? g é 1 é rd v3 ' °° a3 q’ S} a £1 p S! 0;, S 0, '6 fin ‘S i} ‘<3 f, 75‘ 2 é’ 2 2 2 é’ 2 é Check (n0 fertilizer) .................................. .. 15 26 26 35 29 26 25 -28 800 lbs. ground tankage, . s: 800 lbs. bone meal ............................... .. 26 63 37 55 25 31 20 31 800 lbs. kainit ............. .. 400 lbs. bat guano ....... .. - g 400 lbs. acid phosphate. g» ...................... .. 48 84 58 75 3O 35 28 38 200 lbs. muriate potash. 700 lbs. ground tankage. _ g 800 lbs. bone black ............................... .. 25 42 55 76 38 49 ,. 34 47% 200 lbs. muriate potash. . 500 lbs. bat guano ........ .. 700 lbs. acid phosphate. ...................... .. 28 57 6O 103 24 26 33 54 600 lbs.bkainit.1. ............ .. . 10 0001 s. stab e manure... . 1 33000100 W000 00000 ______ ................... .. 43 93 57 ss 23 29 19 32 7 20,000 lbs. stable manure ........................... .. 56 140 70 145 14 19 16 32 10,000 lbs. stable manure... 0 _ 400 lbs. aold phosphate. ................... .. 61 135 60 110 29 40 16 28 511101153. kainiti ........... .. ’ _ 800 bs. one mea . 180010000000000010000} ...................... .. 37 '14 44 6s 40 50 1s 20 Chelctli (r1100 ferttlllzer) .................................. .. . 800 s. aini ............................................ .. ‘ ' ‘ 1 500 lbs. muriate potash . . . 1800100 000000 00010000001 ......... ........ .. 2s 77 22 26 40 55 11s 2s 7001bs.1b0ne black ..................................... .. 14 15 60 105 39 51 23 30 1 000 bs. bat guano...“ . H000 10000000 00000“ l ......................... .. 13 21 3s 55 34 41 26 33 800 lbs. acld phosphate ............................... .. 26 46 15 19 34 34 29 32 600 lblsi) cotton seed aneal ......................... .. 8 14 33 47 23 27 23 ’ 29 300 s. cotton see mea - 120010000010 0h000h000______} ................... .. 10 17 27 35 21 25 20 21 TABLE II. st with Early Jersey Wakefield. f Cuttings and Actual Yields (1-40 Acre plots). ge 2 c3 '7 g is s4? E as. April 2 April 10 April 20 May 1. June 1. Total. 5 g "i1"; .._.__ Q-A >Qd "-4 S . . . . u; Us u; vi o V < é 2 2 . 2 a 2 E2 is‘ Z > . q; . q; _ q; . a) . q; . q) ho E 2 2 g = 2 ~= 2 Q . g Q 4% e 42 -= as’ =1 2% .1» Q g. s § “5 i; ‘a g “a i‘ as g “a g ‘S g 3% g 2 =8 :2 2 2 i z 2 z 1 2 .1- 2 a s2 g. P _ .3” cf .9.” Q .5” o .9.” o B? O B.” '5 2 o 5 > a: <1; as ' a: ' c: ' w o“ ~ 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 a 2 2’ Fa a ° 2 3 9 9 1 1 2 1 6 4 1 2% 114 v 132%: 6508 ................. .. 1 6 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 2 _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117 191 9306 2208 $ 22 3 4 4 2 2% 1 2 ............ .. 1 2% 172 241i- 11372 4274 42. 7% 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1% ............. . . 160 223% 10864 3766 37 . 4 9 11 ............ .. 1 1% 2 1% 2 3 159 257 11472 4374 43. 4 7% ............ . . 1 1 ...... . . . . . ................ . . 147 250% 11624 4526 45, 1 1 ............ . . 1 1 2 2% ............. . . 160 340% 15248 8150 81. 8 6 7 .......................... .. 1 i ............. .. 173 3202 13944 6846 68. 0 12 14 ........... . . 3 3 2 1% ............. . . 154 230% 10696 3598 35. 5 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 . 1% ............. .. 138 161% 7688 ................. .. 7 9 8 ............ .. 3 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 146 1952 9028 1930 19. 8 2 2 3 6 3 62 ...... .. 2 1 3 118 2032 10224 3126 31. 0 10 12 6 5 ........................... .. 152 218 9764 2666 26. 3 9 11% ........ .. . 3 3% ........................... .. 123 165 8108 v 1010 10. 2 8 7 4 5 5 4% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121 147% 7224 126 1. 9 4 41} . 5 5 5 4% ............ .. 101 131 6556 —542 —5. 1 3 2 ............ .. 3 4 3 22 1 1 88 1072 8756 1658 16. y Wakefield. (1-40 Acre plots). ' 21A *2 3 <5 April 20 May 1. June 1 Total. g 5g Z <2 Qv-f >V "-15 I!) f!) _ i2 - :11‘: g S: ,6 l»: ,5 Q u rq P69: fjQ Q45 U8 Pa‘ 0 0 3 0 3 *3 3 0 3 20 '10 - 0 g :1 .2 p s: =9 3w "50 ° ‘Q 4s ‘H a ‘H H a; d’: H 4H s TE» 2 E5 2 TE» 2 2» g: 2 2 é, 2 2 2 a 2 a 2 a F11 5° 2 i 8 2 1 0 4 1 21 114 . 1322 0000 .................... ....0 00.00 .......... .. 3 2 ......................... .. 111 191 9300 2200 0 22.00 11.40 0 21.00 1 - 2 ............ .. 1 24 112 2412 11312 4214 42.14 101.92 11.00 2 2 2 12 ............. .. 100 2232 10004 3100 31.00 42.14 00.90 1 14 2 14 2 3 109 201 11412 4314 43.14 100.02 14.10 1 1 ....... ............... .. 141 2004 11024 4020 40.20 109.14 0.00 1 1 2 22 ............. .. 100 3402 10240 0100 01.00. 142.40 10.00 ...... .. 1 2 113 3202 13944 0040 00.40 121.44 12.00 3 3 2 11 ............. .. 104 2302 10090 3090 30.90 90.90 10.00 3 2 1 .12 ............. .. 130 1011 1000 ...................... .. 10.00 .......... .. 3 22 ........................... .. 140 1902 9020 1930 19.30 04.00 0.00 3 02 ............ .. 2 _ 3 110 2032 10224 3120 31.20 04.14 10.10 0 0 ........................... .. 102 210 9104 2000 20.00 40.04 49.00 3 31 ........................... .. 123 100 0100‘ 1010 10.10 09.00 11.00 0 42 .......................... .. 121 1412 1224 120 1.20 00.04 0.00 0 0 0 42 ............ .. 101 131 0000 -042 -0.42 01.00 4.00 3 4 3 22 1 1 00 1012 0100 1000 10.00 03.00 4.00 CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 19 SUMMARY. The following summary of results gives fertilizer applications, gross yield per acre 111 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications and increase or decrease in value above or below averave check lots er C) acre. FROTSOHEILS SUPERIOR LARGE LATE FLAT DUTCH. 20,000 pounds stable manure,—gross yield per acre 33,996 pounds, value of crops less cost of fertilizer applications, $329.96, increase in value above check plots, $193.68. 10,000 pounds stable manure, 3000 pounds wood ashes,—gross yield pe-r acre 29,344 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $286.94, increase in value above check plots, $150.60. 400 pounds bat guano, 400 pounds acid phosphate, 200 pounds murtate of potash,—gross yield 28,386 pounds per acre, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $272.08, increase in value above: check plots, $135.80. 10,000 pounds stable ntan/ure, 400 pounds acid phosphate, 600 pounds kainit,—gross yield per acre 28,268 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $270.68, increase in value above check plots, $134.40. 1000 pounds bat guano, 3000 pounds wood ashes,-—gross yield per acre 25,0128 pounds, value of crop less. cost of fertilizer applications, $238.78, increase in value aibove check plots, $102.50. 800 pounds ground tankage, 8000 pounds bone meal, 800 pounds katnttr- gross yield per acre 23,968 pounds, value of crop less cost of fer- tilizer applications, $217.08, increase above check plots, $80.80. 500 pounds bat guano, 300 pounds acid phosphate, 600 pounds hatni-t,—— gross yield per acre 22,9018 pounds, value of crop less cost of fer- tilizer applications, $214.98, increase in value above check plots, $78.70. 500 pounds murtate of potash, 800 pounds ground tanhage,—gro~ss yield per acre 20,836 pounds, value of crop less cost of‘ fertilizer applica- tions, $190.26, increase in value above check plots, $53.98. 800 pounds bone meal, 800 pounds ground tankaga-grossi yield per acre 18,992 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $173.92, increase in value above check plots, $37.64. 700 pounds bone blaok,—gross yield per acre 18,276 pounds, value of crop . less cost of fertilizer applications, $133.76, decrease in value below check plots, $2.52. ' 700 pounds ground tankage, 800 pounds bone black, 200 pounds nz/zmlate of potash,-—gros~s yield per acre 19,944 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $133.54, decrease in value below check plots, $2.74. 20 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 800 pounds hainit,—gross yield per acre 13,516 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $1129.56, decrease in value b-elow check plots, ‘$6.72.- 800 pounds acid pluosphate,-—gross yield per acre 12,948 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $123.88, decrease in value below check plots, $12.40. 600 pounds cotton seed meal,—gross yield per acre 11,340 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $108.90, decrease in value below check plots, $27.38. 300 pounds cotton seed meal, 250 pounds acid phosphater-gros-s yield per acre 8952 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer applications, $85.52, decrease in value below check plots, $50.76. EARLY JERSEY WAKEFIELD. 20,000 pounds stable manure,—gross yield per acre 15,248 pounds, value of cro-p less cost of fertilizer, $142.40, increase in value above check plots, $71.42. 10,000 pounds stable manure, 1,00 pounds acid phosphate, 600 pounds lcainit,—-groiss yield per acre 13,944 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $127.44, increase in value above check plots, $56.44. 10,000 pounds stable manure, 3000 pounds wood ashes,-—gross yield per acre 11,624 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $109.74, increase in value above check plots, $38.76. 400 pounds bat guano, 400 pounds acid phosphate, 200 pounds muriate of - potash,—gro1ss yield per acre 11,372 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $101.92, increase in value above check plots, $30.94. 500 pounds bat guano, 700 pounds acid phosphate, 600 pounds lcainit,— gross yield per acre 11,472 pounds, value of crop less cost 0f fer- tilizer, $100.62, increase in value above check plots, $29.64. 800 pounds bone meal, 800 pounds ground tankage,-—gross yield per acre 110,696 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $90.96, increase in value above check plots, $19.96. 800 pounds hainit,-—gross yield per acre 9028 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $84.68, increase in value above check plots, $13.70. 500 pounds muriate of potash, 800 pounds ground tanh-aga-gross yield per acre 10,244 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $84.14, increase in value above check plots, $13.16. 300 pounds cotton seed meal, 250 pounds acid phosphate,——gross yield per acre 8756 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $83.56, increase in value above check plots, $12.58. 800 pounds ground t-anhage, 800 pounds bone meal, 800 p-ounds kainit,-— gross yield per acre 9306 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $71.46, increase in value above check plots, $0.48. 1000 pounds bat guano, 3000 pounds wood ashes,——gross yield per acre 8108 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $69.58, decrease in value below check plots, $1.40. CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. 21 800 pounds acid phosphdte,—gross yield per acre 72:24 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $66.64, decrease in value below check 7 plots, $4.34. ' _ H 600 pounds cotton seed medl,—gr0ss yield per acre 6566 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $61.06, decrease in value below check plots, $9.92. _, "700 pounds bone blaolc,—gross yield per acre 9764 po-unds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $48.64, decrease in value below check plots, $22.34. l; 700 pounds ground tankage, 800 pounds bone black, 200 pounds muriate ' of potash,——gross yield per acre 10,864 pounds, value of crop less cost of fertilizer, $42.74, decrease in value below check plots, $28.24. 22 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. CAUKLIFLOWLEPR. Cauliflower requires a very rich, moist soil. Land that will produce only a fair crop of cabbage is unfit for cauliflower. If the land is very 1-; rich and well fertilized it may be reasonably expected that the returns _ from the crop of cauliflower will more than repay the cost ofl put-ting the land in good condition. In this last sea-son’s work, land was used that had been cropped twice since fertilizer application had been made, and as" a result, the yield was very small, because the heads were very light. Cau- liflower plants should be cultivated perfectly from time of germination until heads are matured. {Frequently cabbage have been stunted, which, under favorable circumstances», rally and make good heads. This, how- ever, is not true with cauliflower. Cauliflower plants, once stunted from drouth or other causes, will not mature good heads. be taken to have the plants free from insects and worms at time of head- ing, otherwise a large per cen-t. of the heads are liable to be ruined by these pests. ‘The practical failure of this particular crop was due to two conditions- the first growing out of the second: damage by freeze and lack of manure. Had the land been properly manured the cauliflower crop would have matured ahead of the severe freezes of February. of an error frequently demonstrated by our truck growers who depend, in many cases, merely upon the natural fertility of the soil. The-re are few soils rich enough, in their natural state, for truck growing purposes in Texas or in any other State. The truck farmer must arrange to apply ‘some form of manure to his land both liberally and systematically, and it a is for instruction in this matter that the experiments herein noted have been reported. PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING. Seeds were planted in plant house August 12th, and by August 15th seed of all varieties had germinated. As the plants were protected in the beds by twire screens no trouble was experienced from insect pests at that Jtirne, and all the care they required was watering, weeding and hand cul- tivation. iAbout November 20th, when plants were about sixty days old, the crop was attacked by the green cabbage worm and serious damage threatened. As a remedy for these pests the plants were sprayed with Resin Lime Mixture with good results. (See page for formula.) Land used for this test was manured at the rate of 20,000 pounds stable manure per acre during the spring of 1897. Since that time it has been cultivated in vegetables with no later application of fertilizer. September 12th, land was plowed seven inches deep and thoroughly A harrowed. September 20, land was furrowed ofi feet apart and irrigated at the rate of 30,000 gallons water per acre. Plants were transplanted from Great care should ‘This is an illustration _ . “ Q ‘w if‘ a ‘ . m.mmns4.mt=>1=-.~,.aa1 y.» .. l... .~._',;;~,A_;_~ r ,~,_'~;_»_'._ [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] FIGURE IV. OAULIFLOWER GROWN BY MR. ROBERTSON, AT BEEVILLE, TEXAS.