.' -% Lian A Texas Agricultural Expfiéfiiziljéfiffiiations BULLETIN NO. 69. Agricultural Secti0n.-—JULY, l903.--H0rticuZture. (BEEVILLE N0. 6.) CABBAGE. VA RIETIES. FERTILIZERS . , .~ \ "~.?'/’\ / /" :;_//// POSTOFFICEI COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. AUSTIN: VON BOECKMANN-JONES COMPANY STATE PRINTERS. 1903. £211‘ TEXAS ABRIBULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIUNS. lC)l=’l=’I(II[E§l¥lE5. GOVERNING BOARD. (ABOARD on DIRECTORS A. AND M. COLLEGE.) H. SANsoM, President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Alvarado. F. A. REIOHARDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Houston. P. H. TOBIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Denison. K. K. LEGGETT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Abi1ene. Gino. T. JESTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Corsicana. W. J. CLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Austin. A. HAIDUSEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .La Grange. L. D. AMSLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Hernpstead. STATION OFFICERS. DAVID F. HOUSTON, LL. D., President of the College. WILLIAM D. GIBBs, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dean and Director. H. H. HARRINGTON, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemist. M. FRANCIS, D. V. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Veterinarian. B. C. PITTUOK, B. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agriculturist. E. J. KYLE, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Horticulturist. E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Consulting Entomologist. E. C. GREEN, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Horticulturist. N. FRAENKEL, Ph. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Chemist. J . W. CARSON, B. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Superintendent of Farm. J. G. HARRISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bookkeeper. SUB-EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Beeville, Bee county . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. A. MGHENRY, Superintendent. Troupe, Smith county . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. STILEs, Superintendent. NOTE.-—The main station is located on the grounds of the Agricul- tural and Mechanical College, in Brazos county. The postoflice address is COLLEGE’ STATION, TEXAS. Reports are sent free of cost to farmers, horticulturists and stoclcmen of the State upon application to the Director. ‘Resigned March 1, 1903. [92] \l‘ C A B B A G E . B. Pittuck and S. A. McHenry. Truck growing has become an important and generally profitable feature of farm life in Texas. The area of the State is so great, and the soils and climate so varied, that every soil product suited to the latitude may be accommodated with conditions suited to their natures and peculi- arities. Beginning with the vast area in the extreme southern portion of the State, s-oon to be opened up by the construction of a much-needed railway, Texas products can be placed on the waiting markets several Weeks earlier than the same products from any other section of the coun- try. Then the earliness of products follows lines of latitude from the Rio Grande to Red River. The advantage of earliness is too well under- stood to need discussion here. That Texas, especially the southern portion of the State, can beat any section of the country to Northern markets by from three to four weeks is a fact well known and often demonstrated. For early cabbage the Northern cities afford an almost unlimited market, at a time when prices are high and there is little danger of overstocked markets. The Texas Experiment Stations have been experimenting with cabbage for several years, and particulars of this work at the Beeville Station for the crop year of 1901-1902 and for the year just closed will be found in this bul- letin. - SUMMARY OF RESULTS. The following five varieties made largest yields during 1901-1902. Premium Late Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14,960 pounds. Lauderback’s All Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..14,530 pounds. Stein’s Early Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..13,140 pounds. Autumn King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12,060 pounds. Reedland’s Early Drumhead . . . . . . . . . . . . .11,480 pounds. 1902-1903. Early Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22,630 pounds. Burpee’s Sure Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,580 pounds. Autumn King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,220 pounds. St. Louis Late Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16,640 pounds. Prize Head Late Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . .. 9,010 pounds. The following five varieties matured largest per cent heads from trans- planted plants during 1901-1902. Lauderback’s All Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..84.58 per cent. Reedland’s Early Drumhead . . . . . . . . . . . . .76.14 per cent. Premium Late Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6932 per cent. Salzer’s Earliest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6873 per cent. Stein’s Early Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6723 per cent. [23] 24 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 1902-1903. Early Flat Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7852 per cent. Autumn King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . .7042 per cent. St. Louis Late Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68.75 per cent. Alphia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -6093 per cent. Burpee’s Sure Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5'7.98 per cent. The five fertilizer applications giving best results at each of the co-op- erative fertilizer experiment stations were as follows: AT BEEVILLE. 1. Acid Phosphate (600 lbs. per acre), yielded ......... .. 18,020 pounds. Bat Guano (400 lbs. per acre) ........ .. 2. Acid Phosphate (400 lbs. per acre)... yielded....... 16,400 pounds. Muriate Potash (400 lbs. per acre)... 3. Cotton Seed Meal (1,000 lbs. per acre), yielded .... ..1,3,020 pounds. - lléii£nm§liéiiliitié@%e11f;‘?"§l..1';.;;.;;1 bladed ----- --11»98<> Pounds» ~ l 33133 ma;f§@%°P.i‘i::.e;::;;?;:1 l ~~~~~~~ AT EDNA. B t G 50o lb . . ........ .. - ' initratgaslgdg (200 ibgeilsrcgiie) ..... .. Ylelded '''' "27’°4° P°““ds' 2. Bat Guano (1,000 lbs. per acre), yielded ............. ..26,240 pounds. Ground Tankage (800 lbs. per acre) yielded _ . . _ . 024,960 pounds. 3' Bone Meal (800 lbs. per acre) ........ .. Stable Manure (10,000 lbs. per acre).. - 4' l Wood‘ Ashes (3,000 lbs. per acre)..... iylelded """ "24’80O p0unds' 5. Stable Manure (20,000 lbs. per acre), yielded ...... ..24,120 pounds. AT RUNGE. ' Ground Tankage (800 lbs. per acre). » 1' Muriate Potash (500 lbs. per acre)... l welded """" "9’92O pounds’ Bat Guano (600 lbs. per acre) . . . . . . . .. - 2' l Cotton Seed Meal (600 lbs. per acre). lylelded """" "8’960 pounds’ 3. Stable Manure (20,000 lbs. per acre), yielded ......... ..8,000 pounds. Ground 'l‘ankage (800 lbs. per acre). - 4' {Bone Meal (800 lbs. per acre) ....... .. ylelded """" "L520 pounds' 5. Vegetable Phosphate (800 lbs. per acre), yielded .... ..7,480 pounds. AT SKIDMORE. A Stable Manure (10,000 lbs. per acre). . i ' {Wood Ashes (3,000 lbs. per acre).....}y1e1ded ' ' ' ' ' "QOMSO pounds“ 2. Acid Phosphate (600lbs. per acre), yielded .......... .. 19,440 pounds. Bat Guano (600 lbs. per acre) ....... .. - . ' {Cotton Seed Meal (600 lbs. per acre). i ylelded ' ' ' ' ' "18’4O0 pounds“ Bat Guano (400 lbs. per acre) . . . . 4. Acid Phosphate (400 lbs. per acre)... yielded ..... ..17,840 pounds. Milriate Potash (400 lbs. per acre)..... 5. Vegetable Phosphate (800 lbs. per acre), yielded.....17,280 pounds. iABBAGE. ‘.5 AT RICHMOND. 1. Bat Guano (1,000 lbs. per acre), yielded . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19,120 pounds- 2. Cotton Seed Meal (1,000 lbs. per acre), yielded .... .. 14,840 pounds. 3. Stable Manure (20,000 lbs. per acre), yielded . . . . . . .. i 1,080 pounds. ~ l ISZE.§J‘%ZZ§“1»°1ZJf?a%’0°‘ib1?"§l'.tag)"; Welded ----- ~ "hsw vows- 5~ l§I;‘Z.‘;“1l§;i“2if3§‘ié§9li§?i..*l-Z§.?‘FT'T?’.'J AT CUERO. 1. (l gfigoguggfielstlggyglgf)‘ gslleélléyéyyy: }yielded ..... ..10,s6o pounds. - 1aizissdgfia11;.s?i;:;ziL->~;;;;;;; ....... 3. Bat Gyiano (1,000 lbs. per acre), yielded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8,400 pounds. ~ l gilxiil‘é‘li.lsiiiif’i駧‘i§‘§‘§1£;r.;;;.ls;lyielded ~~~~~~~ ~f~6s> Pounds- 5- 1 %:;2:"§1;:";:s§isifiiitzrsf.ifftii: ~ Land should be carefully prepared for cabbage. If seasons permit, plowing should be done during the summer, rebreaking early in the fall, thoroughly pulverizing and harrowing before transplanting. Where irri- gation is to be used, the land should be carefully leveled, using imple- ments made for the purpose. In South Texas seeds are planted in cold frames during the early part of August and transplanted to the field about the middle of September. Sometimes, however, seasons are such as to delay transplanting until after the first of October. The plants should be carefully watched and cared for while in the cold frames, as much depends upon the character of plants transplanted. The green cabbage worm can be successfully combated with Paris green dusted on the young plants. RESERVOIRS.-—siI1C6 the building of the reservoir on the Station grounds, inquiries have been numerous concerning the method of lining in order to prevent leakage. The tar mastic used for this purpose is pre- pared as follows: Use by weight 25 per cent coal tar, 2 per cent lime and '73 per cent sand. Weigh lime and sand dry. Weigh coal tar after it has been boiled. Mix air slacked lime and sand dry and pour in boil- ing tar and mix with hoe. It will mix as easily as mortar. Apply this mixture to the bottom and sides of reservoir while hot, using about 53 pounds per square yard. This surface, when dry, will not be entirely impervious to water, because of small crevices created while cooling. To remedy this defect the entire surface is given a coat of flashed tar paint, which is prepared as follows: Boil tar about twenty minutes and flash (set on fire) while boiling until all grease is burned out. A good test for the absence of grease is to put a small quantity of the tar in water where the grease, if any remains, can be easily detected. Apply with ordinary paint brush. This will glaze the surface and effectually close all cracks and pores. Before lining a reservoir the sides should be allowed to settle, and should not be steeper than 45 degrees for best results. One or two years 26 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. should elapse before reservoirs thus prepared should be stocked with fish, as the tar in the water will kill them. IRRIGATION.-—Our method of irrigating cabbage is by furrows. While the plants are young the furrow is opened close to the drill, and when older a large, flat sweep is used to level the middles and spread the water. From 20,000 to 40,000 gallons per acre are used previous to transplant- ing, depending upon the condition of the soil. About 35,000 gallons are applied at each irrigation during the growing season. The cost of irri- gating an acre of cabbage will vary from year to year. Per 1000 gallons it varies from 2 to 8 cents, at which rates an application of 30,000 gal- lons would cost from 60 cents to $2.40. When moisture is needed it is cheap at $2.40 per acre. This point should be carefully watched, and, if possible, the grower should always be ready for an emergency by having a suflicient amount of water on hand for immediate use. OULTIVATION.——Tl1€ cabbage crop is cultivated from six to nine times during the season, and hoed at least once. If the land has been carefully prepared such expensive labor as hoeing is reduced to a minimum. Such tools as the Planet Jr. cultivator, with pulverizing attachments, and the Iron Age five-tooth cultivators have been found very satisfactory in every respect. The twelve-tooth cultivator gives level culture, and the five- tooth throws more dirt to the plants, which serves as a protection against freezes. BURNING AND SPRAY1Nc.—The blow-torch, known as the Winfree Bug Exterminator, has been successfully and effectually used against the Harlequin bug. With the exception of kerosene emulsion, which was used on the young Harlequin bugs with good results, but can not be used strong enough to kill the mature bug without injury to the plants, none of the sprays proved of value against the Harlequin bug. The resin-lime mixture ‘drives them away for the time being, but does not kill them. The blow-torch slowly and thoroughly passed over the crop will rid the plants of the Harlequin bug. The resin-lime mixture is fatal to the cabbage worm. This mixture sticks to the plant better and is more lasting than any others We have used. The ingredients used are as fol- lows: Five pounds pulverized resin. One pint any animal oil except tallow. One pound concentrated lye. Five gallons water. Two and one-half pounds quick lime. One and one-fourth pounds Paris green. “It takes about two hours to make this mixture. The oil and resin should be placed in a kettle, and heated slowly until the resin is softened, then add one gallon of hot water, after which the solution of potash or concentrated lye should be carefully added. The mixture should be stirred while adding the lye. The concentrated lye should first be dis- solved, according to the directions given on the can for making hard soap. After the lye has been added, add four more gallons of hot water and allow to boil until the mixture will mix with cold water, making a clear amber colored liquid. To every gallon of this resin mixture, add four gallons of milk of lime, sixteen gallons of water and four ounces of Paris green. The milk of lime is made by slacking a quantity of stone lime and adding enough water to make a thin whitewash. About one-half CABBAGE. 27 pound of stone lime will make four gallons of Whitewash, depending on quality of stone lime used.” (Fifteenth Annual Report of the New York Experiment Station.) TIME OF CUTTINe.-—The experienced grower can easily determine by inspection the exact time to cut cabbage. In such cases it is easier done than to explain how and when. It is a difficult matter to state invariable rules to govern such operations. The heads should be allowed to stand until well matured-aha‘: heads should be firm or hard on top. Frequently the heads will be firm on top and loose on the sides, but with the best varieties a firm top means equally firm sides. Another indication of maturity, which, however, does not always hold true, is a slight change in color from the rich green to a brownish tinge—some few varieties show a whitish tinge instead of the brown. Everything taken into considera- tion the testing of the heads by touch is the surest method. Frequently immature cabbages are put on the market. Such cabbages not only lose in weight, but more frequently arrive on the market in a soft, wilted and unsalable condition. In handling care should be exercised to avoid bruis- ing the heads. Roughly handled cabbage soon decay, and if shipped any great distance will reach the market in a worthless condition. When cabbages are sold in bulk they should be placed in a wagon with the top of all heads up. Hauled to market the heads should be handed out (not thrown) at the place of delivery. After cutting it is poor policy to hold cabbage any longer than is necessary. Cutting and loading should take place the same day. PACKING AND SHIPPING.——Tll6 largest proportion of the Texas cab- bage crop is shipped in bulk. Such shipments not only lose largely by shrinkage, but more frequently than not, require retrimming upon reach- ing destination. A neat crate will more than repay the grower for the additional expense, as the per cent of shrinkage will be reduced to a min- imum, and if properly packed the cabbage will be sold direct to the con- sumer without rehandling. The standard crate adopted by the truck growers is 20x20x28 inches and holds on an average about 150 pounds net weight. These crates are manufactured from poplar, sweetgum and cottonwood. Crates of poplar are more desirable, because of their clean and white appearance. A neat package is an inducement to the buyer and all shippers should strive towards that end. In crating the cabbage heads should be placed so as to fit closely, with the tops always turned towards center of crate. Better bulge the crate a little than to have the heads loose when they reach the market. Medium sized heads, from 2 to 5 pounds, are much more desirable than heads weighing more than 5 pounds. Texas grown cabbages, when properly packed and handled, have sold for the highest prices on Northern markets in competition with ship- ments from other States. As a rule, Texas growers are careless in their methods of handling and crating cabbage. The importance of careful handling and neat packing should be impressed upon every shipper. On his home market it may matter little, but in competition with foreign markets he pays dearly for careless methods. It can not be disputed that a neat package adds greatly to the value of the cabbage on the open market. Bulk shipments in carload lots should be well ventilated. Good results . have been secured as follows: A triangular shaft with a base 2-;- feet wide and 3% feet high is made to run the entire length of the car. This shaft 28 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. is latticed with one by three stufi (about six to the side) nailed to tri angular braces of two by four timber placed about 5 feet apart. T" leaves an air space from end t0 end of car and gives good ventilation t1 the shipment. ; OosT 0E GROWING AN ACRE OF CABBAGE TO MATURITY.—The follow- ing estimate of growing an acre of cabbage to maturity is based on labor at $1.00 per day and team at $1.50 per day. This is perhaps near the; average cost of labor in Texas, but at the Beeville Station man labor ranges between 50 and 7 5 cents per day without board—25 to 50 per cent less than is charged below: ‘ ' Plowing, harrowing and marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2 O0 One-half pound seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7' 5 Fifteen hours “York on seed bed at various times. . . . 1 50 Two and one-half days work transplanting . . . . . . . . . 2 50 One day’s work hoeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 Eight cultivations, man and horse (two days’ work) . . 3 5O Spraying twice (material, 60 cents; labor, $1.00) . . . 1 60 Total cost to maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$12 85 To this statement must be added cost of fertilizers, irrigation, handling, i crating and shipping. Such expenses vary with the individual, shipper, seasons and the soil. CABBAGE. 29 VARIETY TESTS WITH CABBAGE. Z-it-i During the past five years a large number of varieties of cabbages have been tested at the Beeville Station. Each year the Worthless varieties have been thrown aside and such new varieties as were brought to our attention have been added. During the season of 1901-1902 eighteen varieties were under test, and during the past season (1902-1903) eleven varieties were included in the test. A TEST OF EIGHTEEN VARlETlES——190‘1-1902. The piece of land used for this experiment was previously grown in onions, and thoroughly plowed in June. On September 1 stable manure was applied at the rate of 15 tons per acre, plowed under and land thor- oughly harrowed. On October 10, owing to the unevenness of the sur- face, cross plowing was resorted to, using double shovel, followed by an Acme pulverizer. This in turn was followed by a leveler, which put the . land in perfect condition for transplanting. October 22.——Furrows were opened 3-}; feet apart, using eight-inch shovel, and land irrigated at the rate of 35,000 gallons per acre. Plants were set by hand—on plots 1 to 5, inclusive, 16 inches apart; on plots 6 to 18, inclusive, 18 inches apart. October 24.—Oultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator with pulverizer attachment. November 6.—Cultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator with pulverizer attachment. November '7.—Hoed. November 8.—Cultivated with five-tooth Iron Age cultivator. December 6.—Oultivated with five-tooth Iron Age cultivator. January 7.—Oultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator with pulverizer attachment. - January 21.—Cultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator with pulverizer attachment. March 10.—Oultivated with five-tooth Iron Age cultivator run twice to the row. This late cultivation was due to weed growth incident to excessive rains. The first frost, which occurred December 10, with a temperature of 361} degrees, was very light and did ‘little damage. The cold weather which did so much damage to this crop began December 13 at 3 p. m.. The wind changed suddenly from the southeast to the north. At 8 a. m. on the 14th the thermometer registered 33 degrees-—a fall of 52 degrees. The maximum thermometer registered 48 degrees on the 14th, but the temperature fell to 32 degrees by 8 p. m. On the night of the 14th the l temperature gradually fell until it stood at 19% degrees on the morning of the 15th. During the day it rose to 45 degrees and dropped to 22%,» é, degrees by 8 p. m. A careful examination of the crop at this time indi- cated a damage of about 5 per cent among the standard varieties. The resistance offered to such weather was in part due to the fact that the 30 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXRERIMENT STATlONS. entire crop was irrigated at the rate of 40,000 gallons per acre on Dece ber 13, the day which marked the beginning of the continued cold spel The continued freezing and thawing which occurred during the n, ceeding six days was responsible for the greatest amount of damage. following table indicates the Wide variation. in temperature during tha, time: Pan Ddfl December 16.——Temperature ranged from. . .59° to 34° December 17.—Temperature ranged from. . .53° to 30° December 18.—Temperature ranged from. . . 70° to 26$ December 19.—Temperature ranged from. . .66° to 42° December 20.———Temperature ranged from. . .48° to 26% December 21.—Temperature ranged from. . .62-}-° to 28° By the time this peculiar spell of weather had subsided, a careful exam- ination of the crop indicated a general damage of about 50 per cent. Later developments, however, proved somewhat more encouraging. a The actual sales of this crop on the San Antonio market were as fol- lows: January 28.— 105 pounds @ $1.75 . . . . . . . . . . ..$ 1 83 February 12.— 412 pounds @ 1.98 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 15 February 19.—13L12 pounds @ 1.70 . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 81 February 26.—1947 pounds @ 1.75 . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 07 March 11.—1691 pounds @ 1.70 . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 74 March 18.—1026 pounds @ 1.82 . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 67 March 25.— 525 pounds @ 2.25 . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 81 April 10.—— 795 pounds @ 1.11 . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 20 May 7.—— 365 pounds @ 1.12% . . . . . . . . . .. 4 10 The following table indicates varieties included in this test, together i with date of cuttings, yields, effect of temperature, etc.,: 31 www 1 dmonflspfl wmlm v m HwAH nqmn wfimh Omvwm av Om mm mm E mm ww~ mm wwm mmfl .... .. Ow w mm h w H d. mm PUQQQVQQM mn wvwwmm i I M92 mmdm 36m can“. ma. 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Q mm w“ :4 wkowmmmmfiswq w mwmm w fi wwwfi 5.3 mwww 8i: ww mm w; 2 12 vw 8 m: Em mm wwm m2 .... .. 2 warm owwqmnwwwfimim w “m.” “Wm w. w. m3: 3w... mwé. $8 ww a: . w w an m. w. w m2 w... a: ww . ..................... .. .... .. 2 i 45.5w wzwnomwobm w. m v I. . 2.... .... .. 2.... N. w 2.... ..... ...... 2.... .2... 2.... ww ...... .... w .1.“ 2.... m m . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. ...... 2.... .Q m lb M . . . . . . . . . .. ...... .... .. .1... . . . . . . . . .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . .. .... .. ...... ZTMSH M.Q@QP@ Q .w .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... 2.... . . . . . . . . . .. .... .. ...... . . . . . . . . .... .... .. 2.... m: IZZSOOQQ. ~ATMGE m. w w m3: ova... wwsw 3% w. S: ......... .. E 8 ww 3 .......... 12m 104 ......... .. ww ww .......... .. 2 ............BSSsm alum w. WWW. w E $4. £3 wwww o5. mm 3; ................ .. 2 2 .... .. a mm .......... .. R s X... w. k ow m2 5 S ........w00:EH 9.52am M |m SIS 0 a 0 0Mfllwwifilflifilfiifllfiifllfllwflim \ m wwwmmmmwmm wwm mmm mwm. m0 m .0 m .0 m 0 m .0 m .0 m 0 m .0 m 0 m .0 m .0 ww. w u 0. 0 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. , 3... wmmwwwpmwwmwwmwwwww w .0 w .0 w .0 w .0 w .0 w .0 w .0 w .0... w .0 ma. N mJwmm.mm.m.ww mwwwwmm. ma Wd .1. m. .1 W .1 m. w. m. u m. .0. w. .0. m. .1 m. .2 m. .1 Wmw .0 um m... . ma...“ m... m0... aw mm. m 0 m. s s .5 m. 0 0 s w. m. wflfiamimf. m... m... 0. 1i». .2. sme m... w. n w. no u m m M um Wm e m Gm. 1 m. 0 3 i? .33.. wwdfiw w. 4B2 .2 :02 i“ 50m .2 50m .2 00m .9. .52 am d5. 0m 0.... w... m0? m0 m0 in... m. . . . w. mm. w wmpm 2m MW d mu m .0. 0... m... m mm. 0M. .1 0 m... a $70.55 m. dog- nOQn1|HHhHHmH4> 32 1. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES. 1901-1902. Salzefs Earliest.—Seed from John A. Salzer Seed Company, La- Crosse, Wisconsin. First matured January 22; last matured March 25. Best cutting January 22—131 heads, weighing 123 pounds (39% of full crop). 26.55% transplanted plants failed t0 head, and 4.72% were killed by the December freeze. A coni-r cal-shaped variety with heads more pointed than the Wakefield. a Early Summer.—Seed from the Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed; Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured January 30; last ma- tured March 25. Best cutting February 17—131 heads, weighing 215 pounds (51% of full crop). 32.40% transplanted plants. failed t0 head, and 10.52% were killed by the December freeze. ' (For description see page 47.) . Early mat JJutch.—Seed from the Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured February 17; last matured March 25. Best cutting February 17—138 heads, weighing 301 pounds (71% of full crop). 35.97% transplanted plants failed to head, and 17.78% were killed by the December ‘ freeze. Similar to Early Summer. Early Summer is a strain of a Early Flat Dutch. ’ Steirfs Early Flat Dutch.—Seed from the J. Steckler Seed Com- __‘ pany, New Orleans, La. First matured January 30; last matured I March 25. Best cutting February 17—180 heads, weighing 419 K pounds (63% of full crop). 14.99% transplanted plants failed i to head, and 17.78% were killed by the December freeze. (For description see page 47.) ' . Bloomsdale E. l). F. D.—Seed from D. Landreth, Philadelphia, Pan First matured February 17; last matured April 2. Best cutting February 17—96 heads, weighing 171 pounds (46% of full crop). 20.39% transplanted plants failed to head, and 28.75% were killed by the December freeze. Heads smaller and not as fiat as Early Flat Dutch. Foliage dark green and of dwarf growth. Autumn King.—-Seed from the Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured February’ 17 ; last matured March 25. Best cutting February 17—114 heads, weigh- ing 293 pounds (48% of full crop). 11.08% transplanted plants failed to head, and 31.08% were killed by the December freeze. (For description see page 48.) Frotscheris S. L. L. F. D.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Co., New’ Orleans, La. First matured February 24 3 last matured April 2. Best cutting February 24—55 heads,weighing 160 pounds (35% of full crop). 39.76% transplanted plants failed to head, and 16.62% were killed by the December freeze. (For description see page 46.) Premium L. F. D.—Seed from the Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured February 24; last matured April 2. Best cutting February 24——103 heads, weighing 287 pounds (38% of full crop). 14.01% transplanted plants failed to head, and 16.67% were killed by the December . . V _. _ ..»; , r_A,, ,: ‘ 1 ‘- Mmmaaaluium Ekizamainusm. ' " mw-wm- wfiunfimmflmnw MO 05E Gd U_®@ DH Um-aflalfl UQQWV» CABBAGE. 'd0.10 “n; 111100 19,1 I ‘Sugcmno aseq _10 92mg A ....... .. 2 2: . mm F w“: s . . ad 222295 2* _ w M22 22$ mwwm 2E 2 2N .................... 5w 2 2 8. 2 2 é mm 2m 2 ............................................. =Eaw nsoewfisnwafifl 2 2 5.2 mwm b3 a: 2a § .................................. .5 w 2 w 2 2. ....................................................... 525w 2: 2. Q35 2 $7 £ . - ¢ ~ ~ - . - - . u. .? i . ¢ ~ - - . - . ¢ - - - . - - - - . . . . . . . - - . . . - . - ' .1 »-.-.-.. ......-qan-ul-o-an-q-gw§c%g @- m v Nwmm m? 3mm 22:8 3 .......... =2 2 N» 2 m2 mm Em 2H 8m % .......... =2 m ......... .. .......@E:S¢.QSA 2252mm v m 25 2E a»? 2&2 8 m“ .......... =2 .2 w.“ 2 2: 2 E“ m2 2m my .................................. .. ........ $2M BEES; a m 3% 22w 23m 22 ma .2 ......... .. 22w 2 2 x. 2 2a 8 ........ :3 2 ................................. .2025 222d “Emu 33$ m N mbdm wqbm 0mm»; mm~ wv . . . . . . . . . . .. Nv wm mm vNH wm “vow. wmw . . . . . . . . . . .. mm wm . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sfifiwm 025m PQOQHEm m b a mg mg mag 22 :2 2 .......... =23 2 8 2 £ E m? m: .......... Q2 2 2 m. .................... £09.25 2:2 wfifi SE52“? w vwéw mwd zflww Qvvv mww mm . . . . . . . . . . .. w m . . . . . . . . . . .. mm mm . . . . . . . . . . .. wbw wk Q m m ~ ~mf~dmm m w m. wqm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N 2 22 wwm mm 2 22m 2 2 .......... .;\.2w a 2 2. 2 mm». “.2 .......... =3“. N2 fi 2 .................................. £025 22m 22.2“: wmmmmwmmmmwmummmmwwwwwWMWMWMWMWMwwwwwww m mwmwmwwwwwwmmammwwhwqwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww s QM! [H moBU 2H 62H )R .9? v0 0+ E n4 B n» H 3 H. n1 B n+ B 1 R 01 v" 0» R M‘ sqmPfi um. ufleuflwfl u u. P . P . P . P . P . P . P . P . P n I. M14 911 0.9.11 n9 1 n» S s S S S S S S .8 . O I. DLI. I. T1 . mm w Hm Wm um ww n mxfl ~32 .2 $2 2m .E< .2. .23 .2432 w n02 E $2 .8 =3. L =2. am w 9m mm mm . p a m W w PB 3v Uw d P P >\ill mew a.“ m“. m“. T. m m m $225.22. .MOwH|NOm-TIHHHH.NQP 36 l" 10. TExAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VARIETIES. 1902-1903. Early Flat Duteh.—Seed from Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured January 30; last ma- tured May 11. Best cutting February 24—142 heads, weighing 532 pounds (45% of full crop). failed to head, and 18.02% were killed by the freeze. Alphta-Seed from T. W. Wood 8t Son, Richmond, Va. matured January 8; last matured March 16. Best cutting March 16—64 heads, weighing 157 pounds (42% of full crop). 5.16% transplanted plants failed to head, and 33.91% were killed by the freeze. Early Sprtngr-Seed from Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed 1 First matured January 8; last ma- _ Best cutting February 24——7 6 heads, weighing a 9.65% transplanted plants Company, Beeville, Texas. tured April 21. 178 pounds (80% of full crop). failed to head, and 61.64% were killed by the freeze. Premium Late Flat Datch.—Seed from Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured January 30; last matured May 11. Best cutting March 16--113 heads, weigh- __ 9.73% transplanted plants ing 432 pounds (57% of full crop). failed to head, and 34.31% were killed by the freeze. " Burpeeis Sure H eaal-Seed from Livingston Seed Company, Colum- First matured February 24; last matured May 11. y bus, Ohio. Best cutting March 16—128 heads, weighing 564 pounds (64% of full crop). 30.72% were killed by the freeze. Prize Head Late Flat Dutch-Seed from T. W. Wood & Son, Bich- 5 First matured February 24; last matured May 11. Best cutting March 16—60 heads, weighing 286 pounds (63% of 9.11% transplanted plants failed to head, and a mond, Va. full crop). 63.55% were killed by the freeze. Autumn King.——Seed from Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured March 3; last matured ,_ May 11. Best cutting March 16—133 heads, weighing 441 pounds (51% of full crop). and 23.47% were killed by the freeze. , StpLouis Late Marlcet.—Seed from Plant Seed Company, St. Louis, Mo. First matured January 30; last matured May 11. Best cut- ting March 16—110 heads, Weighing 334 pounds (40% of full crop). 7.93% transplanted plants failed to head, and 23.32% were killed by the freeze. Ideal Winter.—Seed from Livingston Seed Company, Columbus, ‘, Ohio. First matured March 3; last matured May 11. Best cut- ting March 16—37 heads, weighing 155 pounds (40% of full crop). 5.83% transplanted plants failed to head, and 67.96% were killed by the freeze. Pride of the South-Seed from Plant Seed Company, St. Louis, i Mo. First matured March 3 ; last matured April 6. Best cutting * March 16——8 heads, weighing 18 pounds (48% of full crop). 3.46% transplanted plants First, 11.31% transplanted plants failed to head, and i, 6.11% transplanted plants failed to head, CABBAGE. 37 5.82% transplanted plants failed to head, and 89.81% were killed by the freeze. 11. Texas Grown Seed-Seed from J. Baudaut & Son, Richmond, Texas. First matured February 24 ; last matured April 21. Best cutting April 21—44 heads, weighing 88 pounds (32% of full crop). 54.31% transplanted plants failed t0 head, and 17.26% were killed by the freeze. 12. Premium Late F. D.—Seed from Beeville Irrigated Garden and Seed Company, Beeville, Texas. First matured May 11; last matured May 21. Best cutting May 11—65 heads, weighing 148 pounds (71% of full crop). FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS—CO-OPERATIVE. A system of co-operative fertilizer experiments throughout the coast region of South Texas was begun last fall. The Station furnished each person undertaking the work with seed and fertilizers (stable manure and wood ashes excepted) giving them necessary instructions concerning the method of applying, and a system of keeping notes on the crop throughout the season. Reports from all the cor-operators have not yet been received. Such notes as are now in hand are somewhat briefer than We would like, but We feel that they are Worth publishing. This work will be continued for several years, with the hopes of securing valuable data along such lines, and of also affording the various communities object lessons of value. The plan of the experiment embraced fifteen one-fortieth acre plots as follows: 1. Not fertilized. 2. Acid phosphate . . . . . . . . . . .. 600 pounds per acre. 3. Bat guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,000 pounds per acre. 4. Cotton seed meal . . . . . . . . .. 1,000 pounds per acre. 5. Kainit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 600 pounds per acre. 6. Stable manure . . . . . . . . . . ..20,000 pounds per acre. '7. Stable manure . . . . . . . . . . ..10,000 pounds per acre. Wood ashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,000 pounds per acre. 8. Bat guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 400 pounds per acre. Acid phosphate . . . . . . . . . . .. 400 pounds per acre. Muriate potash . . . . . . . . . . .. 400 pounds per acre. 9. Bat guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 600 pounds per acre. Wood ashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000 pounds per acre. 10. Bat guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 600 pounds per acre. Cotton seed meal . . . . . . . . . . 600 pounds per acre. 11. Ground tankage . . . . . . . . . .. 800 pounds per acre. Muriate potash . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 pounds per acre. 12. Bat guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 pounds per acre. Nitrate soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 pounds per acre. 13. Ground tankage . . . . . . . . . .. 800 pounds per acre. Bone meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 pounds per acre. 14. Vegetable phosphate . . . . . .. 800 pounds per acre. 15. Not fertilized. 38 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. All the applications were shipped ready to be applied with the excep- tion of wood ashes and stable manure. This work was instituted at Alice, Corpus Christi, Port Lavaca, Vic- toria, Wade Station, Edna, Skidmore, Runge and Richmond, and was duplicated on the Station grounds. The reports from Edna, Runge, Skid- ‘ more, Richmond and Cuero and Beeville are included in this Bulletin. AT BEEVILLE SUBSTATION. September 1.-—Seed planted in beds. September 4.—Germinated to good stand. October 20.—-Transplanted to field by hand. October 21.——Cultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator. November 6.——Cultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator. November 22.—-Cultivated with five-tooth Iron Age cultivator. December 17.-—Cultivated with five-tooth Iron Age cultivator. January 22.—Cultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator. February 8.——Gultivated with twelve-tooth Planet Jr. cultivator. March 14.——Cultivated with 26-inch sweep once to row. Perti1izer—1902-1903. Beeville Sub-Station. ‘U U P‘ "U b!) ‘U Q “U >; Cuttings. g g “:5. 12E P5“ 3'9 5 3 2 s a s 2." Es Mch.16. Apr. s. Apr. 21. May 11. May 21 .2 Si g5 3g . g g - c3 "3 52 5E » vi vi vi v3 :6 Qt; =~§ '8 5 f5 f3 l. 4 '8 1s '8 1s '3 d T: ~15 3 p‘ 33 *5 "E 2 5 ‘E qfl ‘S3 ‘SE w ' .13 o: a o: s w a w a o .2 Q2 p». '5 45 u: .6 q; QQ q; g 5} a e s2 e 2 —= s" ==_ s.» —*= 2s so as e3; 22°31. v5» ,9, c‘ °> c5 4* c5 1° o Q o' Q a a an i; .~: 55 ma: E n51 3 n13 o. z B z B z B z B z B z z o o. m. o. 1 40 72 41 70 49 56 11 13 13 10 134 126 4,420 37.2 32.37 30.43 2 184 597 88 223 37 61 9 14 7 6 63 28 18,020 78.13 15.14 6.73 3 31 62 36 60 39 57 14 20 13 13 200 82 4,24 32.05 48.19 19.76 4 144 331 73 157 75 131 13 20 14 12 75 21 13,020 76.87 18.07 5.06 5 30 61 16 32 58 74 11 16 3 5 227 70 3,760 28.43 54.70 16.87 6 143 391 24 60 71 33 4 6 4 4 102 11,880 59.42 15.94 24.64 7 79 173 16 34 85 121 9 13 8 10 151 7,020 47.47 36.38 16.15 8 198 612 25 » 56 70 125 12 20 5 7 " 31 16,400 74.88 17.63 7.49 9 45 97 36 82 90 162 31 61 10 15 136 67 . 8,340 51.08 32.77 16.15 10 83 221 34 98 111 246 12 24 6 10 80 11,980 59.56 21.07 19.37 11 13 30 5 10 56 121 37 74 19 28 135 150 5,260 31.33 32.53 36.14 12 38 94 l3 35 56 132 28 59 13 18 91 174 6 60 35.84 22.03 42.13 13 12 27 14 33 48 94 45 93 13 24 108 175 5,420 31.81 26.02 42.17 14 22 50 14 33 49 92 28 71 3 6 123 185 5.040 25.78 29.64 44.58 15 ...................... .. 7 11 22 45 2 4 127 257 1,200 7.47 30.60 61.93 CABBAGE. 39 AT EDNA——W. E. HUDSON. Seeds were sown in beds September 1, and plants transplanted Octo- ber 15. He estimates that 25 per cent of the crop was 10st on account of too much rain. Following table indicates results secured: Perti1izer-1902-1903. W. B. Hudson, Edna. Plot Cuttings Date and yield 1n pounds. Oalculatfl 11,, A. ed yield Feb. 23. March 3. hlarch 12. Total. Per acre- 86 9’ 178 7,120 3 141 239 383 15 320 18 .507 331 656 26,240 10 250 141 401 16,040 1 48 57 182 7 ‘ 80 3 273 327 603 24,120 14 287 319 620 24,800 3 141 187 331 13,240 3 295 185 483 ,3.. 10 255 214 479 1Q, I60 5 181 146 2 1 280 13 440 223 676 27.040 19 431 174 624 24,960 14 222 211 447 17,880 6 221 185 412 16,480 AT SKIDMORE——J. P. LONGORIA. Seeds were sown in cold frames September 1, germinating to good stand September 6. Cut worms did much damage. Nearly the entire crop was replanted during November. Much damage also from freeze and rot. Following indicates results secured: Perti1izer—1902-03. J. P. I-ongoria, Skiclmore. s g vi '3 Plot gg P1 ' é? is-d ._ ._. t- _. F 1% A- s: 8 a3; o 2 8. i‘: >1 F11 {>1 O 1 358 14,120 347 13,880 2 ................... .. 486 19,440 460 18,400 s ................... .. s1 15,240 292 11,680 4 ................... .. 204 8,160 331 13,240 5 ................... .. 106 4,240 260 10,400 6 .................. .. 404 16,160 432 17,2 7 ................... .. 507 20,280 316 12,640 8 .................. .. 446 17,840 AT RUNGE—H. K. LIVINGSTON. Planted seed September 1. Set plants first time October 9, 10, 11, of which about 90 per cent died. Continued to plant until all plants were gone, and then had only 60 per cent stand. On 29th of November pro- cured plants from a neighbor to finish. After the freeze in February, about 4O per cent began to rot, most of which died. They were frozen two nights in succession. Black sandy soil with clay foundation. The 40 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. excessive rains ofFebruary and March proved destructive t0 the crop. Cabbage on black land Without fertilizer seemed t0 do better. About eight 0r ten plants on each plot Went to seed. Fifty per cent damage estimated due to rains of February and March and very dry weather of April. Heads weighed from 2 to 6 pounds. Matured from March 1 to June 1. Perti1izer—1902-03. H. I. Livingston, Range. E u; P E ,,; 1° Plot '3 lid ‘Z E6 E 5 5'5 Plot. E 9 5E 1% A- g 8. g‘; 3 1 ................... .. 31 1,240 9 ................. .. 180 7,200 2 176 7,040 10 ............... .. 224 8,96 d 148 5,920 11 ................. .. 248 9,920 4 ................... .. 146 5,840 12 ................ .. 150 b, P‘ 5 .................. .. 89 3,560 13 .................. .. 188 7,520 6 ................... .. 200 8,000 14 .................. .. 189 7.480 g ................... .. 12g 15 .................. .. 87 3,480 AT RICHMOND——J. BAUDAUT. Seeds were planted September 13, and plants transplanted t0 field October 11. Bat guano and cotton seed meal plots stood freeze better than any others. Perti1izer—1902-03. J. Baudaut, Richmond. Calculat- March 16. April 3. Total. ed yigld per acre. 22 57 11 39 63 216 8,640 30 70 15 43 159 6,‘ 51 128 25 80 138 478 19.120 42 105 21 65 105 346 13,840 44 116 21 71 77 223 8,920 39 102 19 61 88 277 11,080 3d 45 17 32 80 192 7,680 36 85 18 51 82 244 9,760 34 90 16 53 76 239 9,560 29 7O 15 41 87 261 10,440 11 ' 6 16 29 83 3,320 28 90 14 52 62 208 8,320 12 45 7 25 63 248 9,920 25 76 13 49 64 229 9,160 21 4b 11 30 52 152 6,080 CABBAGE. 41 AT GUERO——G. A. SUMNER. The following results were secured at Cuero: O. A. Sumner, Guero. Calcu- Plot. lated yield. 1 ................... .. 2,200 2 .................. .. 3,200 3. . 8,400 4 ................... .. 4,680 5 ................... .. 2,360 6 ................... .. 3,080 7 ................... .. 2,000 8 ................... .. 3,040 . 42 1. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF THIRTY-FIVE VARIETIES OF CABBAGE—1898-1899. Early l/Virmingstadt.—-Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New I Orleans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured January 3; last matured April 5. 97 plants made 91 salable heads, weighing 191% pounds. Nearly all cut between January 18 and February 28. Best cutting January 31. Heads conical, very firm, stem short, medium leaf growth, heads white when matured. A fair early variety. Maaleis Winnirigstadt.—Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadel- phia, Pa. Germinated to good stand August 13; first matured January 11; last matured April 5. 148 plants made 137 salable heads, weighing 268% pounds. Nearly all matured between Jan- uary 18 and February 28. Best cutting January 31—41 heads, _ l weighing 85 pounds. Head conical, very firm, whiten well when matured; short stem, with medium pale green leaf growth. A fair early variety. Early Jersey Walcefield.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to good stand August 13; first matured December 20; last matured March 30. 187 plants ma- tured 176 salable heads, weighing 316% pounds. Nearly all ma- tured between January 11 and 31. Best cutting January 18-46 heads, weighing 91 pounds. Heads conical, very firm and whitens well when matured; stem medium length, with scant pale green leaf growth. The best early cabbage we have tested, also the earliest. Early Y 0rk.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured January 6 ; last matured February 28. 81 plants matured 80 salable heads, weighing 156% pounds. Nearly all matured between January 18 and February 17. Best cutting January 31—24 heads, weighing 35 pounds. Heads pointed and soft; color green; stem medium length, scant leaf growth. Not a desirable variety. Early Large Y 0rlc.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Or- leans, La. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured January 1; last matured March 1'7. 161 plants matured 147 sal- able heads, weighing 290 pounds. Nearly all matured between January 11 and February 17. Best cutting January 31-51 heads, weighing 108 pounds. Heads oblong, very soft, color green ;lstem long, leaf growth scant. A poor market variety. Early Large Oasheart.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 14; first matured January 2; last matured April 5. 117 plants matured 109 sal- able heads, weighing 314 pounds. Nearly all matured between January 31 and February 1'7. Best cutting February 28—26 heads, weighing 9'7 pounds. Heads cone-shaped, moderately firm, color light green when matured, medium leaf growth. Not desir- able as a market variety. ~ New Earliest Express.—Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadel- phia, Pa. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured January 3; last matured March 17. 144 plants matured 140 sal- I K:\n|] Nun,” ‘s v 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. CABBAGE. 43 able heads, weighing 348 pounds. Nearly all matured between January 18 and March 17. Best cutting February 18——37 heads, weighing 98 pounds. Heads cone-shaped, not firm, light green color; stem medium length; leaf growth medium. Not a desir- able market variety. Chases Early.—Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to only a fair stand August 15; first matured January 31; last matured April 1. 127 plants matured 116 sala- ble heads, Weighing 407 pounds. Nearly all matured between January 31 and March 17. Best cutting February 28-—26 heads, ' weighing 117 pounds. Head round, very firm, and whiten Well when matured ; stem short, with an abundance of dark green foli- age. A very good medium early variety. Earliest Etampse-Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. Germinated to fair stand August 14; first matured January 1; last matured March 17. 121 plants matured 113 salable heads, weighing 258}; pounds. Nearly all matured between January 18 and February 21. Best cutting January 31—37 heads, weighing 82 pounds. Heads globe shape, whiten fairly well when matured, not firm; stem medium length, with medium growth ‘of light green foliage. Not a desirable variety. All Head Early-Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. Germinated to fair stand August 15 ; first matured January 3: last matured March 14. 113 plants matured 101 salable heads, weighing 255 pounds. Best cutting February 3—36 heads, weigh- ing 101 pounds. Heads globe shape; medium stem; scant leaf growth. Not desirable. Steinis Early Flat Dutch-Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to good stand August 13; first matured February 3; last matured March 14. 55 plants matured 55 salable heads, weighing 203% pounds. Best cutting February 3—14 heads, weighing 48 pounds. Heads round, firm, of light green color; stem long, with medium growth of dark green leaves. A good medium early variety. Early Dramlzlaad.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Or- leans, La. Germinated to good stand August 13; first matured January 11 ; last matured April 5. 193 plants matured 171 sala- ble heads, weighing 367% pounds. Nearly all matured between January 18 and March 14. Best cutting February 3—46 heads. weighing 90 pounds. Heads round and firm; stem medium length, with an average growth of dark green leaves; heads do not close in well on top. Improved Early Sammer.—-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first ma- tured January 3; last matured March 14. 84 plants matured 7 7 salable heads, weighing 204% pounds. Nearly all matured between January 18 and March 2. Best cutting February 3——29 heads, weighing 82 pounds. Heads flat, firm and of good color; stem medium length; medium leaf growth. One of the best medium early varieties. Early Flat Datch.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Or- leans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured January 11; last matured March 14. 96 plants matured 89 sala- 44 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ble heads, weighing 254 pounds. Best cutting January 31-1 heads, Weighing 60 pounds. Heads fiat, whitens well when m ' tured, fairly firm; stem medium length; leaf growth medium leaves do not close in Well 0n top of head. l Gregory/s Cannon Ball-Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, C lumbus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matur December 30; last matured March 14. 117 plants matured 373 salable heads, weighing 105 pounds. Heads round and very firm ;; stem short; leaf growth scant; leaves of a dark green color; Heads too small to be of any value. Autumn King.-——Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus; Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured J an-r 154 plants matured 144 salable Nearly all matured between J anu-l ary 31 and April 5. Best cutting February 25—4() heads, weigh- _ Head deep and fiat, medium as to firmness, whitens well when matured; stem medium length; leaves dark} green, and do not close in quite enough on top of head; rank leaf l growth. For general market purposes this variety proved second r Ohio. uary 3; last matured April 5. heads, weighing 667 pounds. ing 213 pounds. best of the late varieties. Solid S0uth.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured January 3; last matured March 14. 103 plants matured 98 salable heads, Nearly all matured between January 31 g and March 14. Best cutting February 25—15 heads, weighing Heads fiat, firm and whiten well when mature, " La. weighing 286% pounds. 75 pounds slightly inclined to point; stem and leaf growth medium. Only a fair variety. Lauderbaelfs All Y ear.—-Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Co- lumbus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 13 ; first matured January 31; last matured April 5. 138 plants matured 136 sala- ble heads, weighing 680 pounds. Nearly all matured between Jan- uary 31 and April 1'7. Best cutting February 25—64 heads, weighing 345 pounds. Heads large and fiat ; stem medium length, with an abundant growth of dark green leaves; heads whiten well when mature. Thle best late variety we have tested here. Luazembery Hard H eacl-Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Co- lumbus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured February 3; last matured April 5. 90 plants matured 67 salable heads, weighing 196% pounds. Nearly all matured between Feb- ruary 18 and April 5. Best cutting March 2——18 heads, weighing 66 pounds. Head slightly oval and fiat; color green; stem long, with heavy growth of dark green leaves; heads a little open on top. Only a fair market variety. Burpezfs Surehead.——Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured Febru- ary 3; last matured April 5. 92 plants matured '72 salable heads, weighing 390% pounds. Best cutting March 2-—31 heads, weigh- ing 190 pounds. Heads round and hard, whiten well when ma- ture; stem long; leaves dark green and heavy. One 0f the best late varieties. Suece.s=si0n.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15 ; first matured February 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. CABBAGE. 45 3; last matured April 5. 125 plants matured 92 salable heads, weighing 297% pounds. Nearly all matured between February 21 and March 14. Best cutting March 2—27 heads, weighing 111 pounds. Heads flat and hard, whiten Well when matured; leaves do not close in Well on top ; stems short, with heavy growth of dark green leaves. A poor marleet variety. Filderleraat-Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to fair stand August 14; first matured January 18; last matured ‘April 1. 94 plants matured 81 salable heads, weigh- ing 178 pounds. Nearly all matured between February 3 and March 2. Best cutting February 3—32 heads, weighing 69 pounds. Heads conical, very pointed, firm and whiten fairly well when mature; stem long, with medium growth of leaves; quality very inferior—coarse and tough. Not desirable. Improved Large Late Dramhead.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Com- pany, New Orleans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured February 3; last matured April 5. 86 plants ma- tured 77 salable heads, weighing 347 pounds. Nearly all matured between February 2O and March 15. Best cutting March 20— 2O heads, weighing 120 pounds. Heads globular, whitens well when mature, but soft on under side; stem medium length, with an average growth of dark green leaves. Large American Dramhead.——Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured February 21; last matured April 5. 94 plants matured 71 salable heads, weighing 296 pounds. Best cutting March 14— 28 heads, weighing 119 pounds. Heads globular and firm; color green; stem medium length, with heavy dark green foliage. A very fair variety, but of no special value. Fottlerie Short Stem.—Seed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Colum- bus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured January 11 ; last matured April 5. 100 plants matured 97 salable heads, weighing 290 pounds. Nearly all matured between Janu- ary 20 and March 10. Best cutting January 31—29 heads, weigh- ing 805 pounds. Heads globular, very firm, whiten well when mature; stem short, with medium growth of dark green leaves. A very fair medium early variety. Crescent City Large Flat Datoh.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Com- pany, New Orleans, La. Germinated to good stand August 14; first matured January 11; last matured April 5. 90 plants ma- tured 82 salable heads, weighing 330 pounds. Nearly all matured between February 20 and March 14. Best cutting February 29— 29 heads, weighing 127 pounds. Heads fiat, medium as to firm- ness, whiten well when mature; stems short, with heavy‘ dark green leaf growth. A very good late variety. Danish Ball H ead.—8eed from A. W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to good stand August 14 ; first matured Janu- uary 31 ; last matured February 25. 70 plants matured 64 salable heads, weighing 223% pounds. Best cutting February 25—-35 heads, weighing 139 pounds. Heads globular, very firm, medium size; color bluish green; stem larger than the average. An excel- lent late variety. 46 28. l 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. Frotschefs Superior Large Late Flat Dutch.—Seed from J. Stecklei Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to poor stan August 15 ; first matured January 18; last matured March 15.: '7 8 plants matured 75 salable heads, weighing 450 pounds. Nearly’ all matured between January 30 and March 15. Best cutting Feb- uary 28—12 heads, weighing '76 pounds. Heads flat, fairly firm, whitens well when mature; stem short, with heavy dark green leaf " growth. One of the best late varieties. Large Flat Brunswiclc.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Germinated to very poor stand August 15; first- matured January 3 ; last matured March 15. 69 plants matured Nearly all matured between January 2O and March 1. Best cutting January 31-22 a Heads fiat and firm; color green; Of no spe- Orleans, La. 66 salable heads, weighing 178% pounds. heads, weighing 62 pounds. stem short, with an abundance of dark green leaves. eial value. St. Denis, or Chou Bonneuil.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Com- i? Germinated to fair stand August 15; 125 plants A Nearly all .; Best cutting Feb- ' ruary 1'7—56 heads, weighing 166 pounds. Heads globular, very v . pany, New Orleans, La. first matured January 18; last matured April 1. matured 120 salable heads, weighing 344 pounds. matured between January 28 and March 15. firm; color green; stem short; medium growth of leaves. A very good small, late variety. French ZlIarlcet.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Or- ' leans, La. Germinated to fair stand August 15 ; first matured January 18; last matured April 1. ble heads. Nearly all matured between January 30 and March 15. Best cutting February 1'7—38 heads, weighing 120% pounds. Heads globular, very firm; color green; stem short, with an abundance of dark green leaves. One of the best medium size late varieties. The Lupt0n.—Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. Germinated to fair stand August 15; first matured January 18; last matured April 1. 47 plants matured 42 salable heads, weigh- ing 242 pounds. Nearly all matured between January 30 and March 15. p pounds. Heads globular, firm and whiten well when mature; stem medium length, with heavy leaf growth. A very good variety. _ Drumhead Sav0y.—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Or- leans, La. Germinated to good stand August 13; first matured January 31; last matured February 25. 50 plants matured 43 salable heads. Best cutting February 25—28 heads. Heads globular, fairly firm; stem and leaf growth medium. Best of Savoys—none of which have proven valuable here. Early Dwarf Savoy-Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to good stand August 15; first matured February 25 ; last matured April 5. 39 plants matured 11 salable heads, weighing 18 pounds. Heads very soft. Of no value. Kale 0r Thousand Headed Cabbage-Seed from Wm. Henry Maule, Philadelphia, Pa. Germinated to fair stand August 4. Made good growth, but of no value here. 121 plants matured 110 sala- 1 Best cutting February 11—19 heads, weighing 66 ~ “<.,7¥.,,“.1y€\,,_ v3.9.1,»... . w» » CABBAGE. A 47 DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE OF TEN VARIETIES. 1899-1900. 1. Early Jersey ll’alcefielcl.—Seed from The Livingston Seed Company, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated t0 a good stand August 15; first matured December 1; last matured March 21. 335 plants ma- tured 314 (93.73%) salable heads, weighing 551 pounds. Best cutting February 13—70 heads, weighing 120 pounds (21.77?) of full crop). Heads conical, very firm and whiten Well when matured; stem medium length, with scant pale green leaf growth- Yielded 13,648 pounds per acre. 2. Charleston Wakefield-Seed from C. W. Eichling, New Orleans, La. Germinated to poor stand August 15; first matured Decem- ber 26; last matured March 21. 191 plants matured 186; (973870) salable heads, weighing 316-;- pounds. Best cutting January 16—3'7 heads, weighing 65 pounds (20.53% of full crop). While this variety did not mature heads as early as the Early Jersey Wakefield, it matures the bulk of the crop even earlier. The heads are larger and less pointed than the Early Jersey Wakefield, and is evidently an improvement on that; variety. Yielded 13,726 pounds per acre. 3. Quedlinburg ll’irlnlngstadt.—Seed from T. H. Thompson & C0m- pany, Houston, Texas. Germinated to a good stand August 1.5; first matured December 26; last matured March 12. 356 plants- matured 345 (96.90%) salable heads, weighing 5501} pounds. Best cutting January 8——-’7 8 heads, weighing 122 pounds ( 22.16% of full crop). Heads very Well pointed and firm; stem medium length, with medium growth of dark green foliage. This variety was diseased; we frequently found dark streaks through the heads, even before we had any severe freezes sufficiently cold to cause same. Yielded 12,819 pounds per acre. -‘ 4. Early Summer.——Seed from C. W. Eichling, New Orleans, La. Germinated to a fair stand August 17 ; first matured January 8; last matured March 12. 169 plants matured 169 (100%) salable heads, weighing 478?; pounds. Best cutting February 13—41 heads, weighing 142 pounds (29.67% of full crop). Heads flat, firm and of good color; stem medium length; medium leaf growth. One of the best early varieties. Yielded 23,491 pounds per acre. 5. Steirfs Early Flat Dutch-Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to a good stand August 15; first matured January 16; last matured March 20. 281 plants ma- tured 281 (100%) salable heads, weighing 982 pounds. Best cut- ting February 13—139 heads, weighing 558 pounds (56.82% of full crop). A second early flat variety; stem medium to long, with rank growth of light green foliage. Heads are larger in size than the Early Summer, but not so firm. Yielded 28,994 pounds per acre. 6. All Seas0rzs.—Seed. from The Ligingston Seed Company, Columbus, Ohio. Germinated to a good stand August 15 ; first matured Jan- uary 16; last matured March 21. 303 plants matured 301 (99.33%) salable heads, weighing 999 pounds. Best cutting Feb- 48 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. ruary 13——141 heads, weighing 629 pounds (62.96% of full crop). i Heads round, medium asfto firmness; stem medium length, with i an abundant growth of foliage. A good late variety. Yielded ‘ 23,625 pounds per acre. '7. Frotsclieris Superior Large Late Flat Datch.-—Seed from J. Steckler Seed Company, New Orleans, La. Germinated to a good stand August 16; first matured January 16; last matured March 21. 382 plants matured 381 (99.73%) salable heads, Weighing 1290} pounds. Best cutting February 13-—186 heads, weighing 830 pounds (64.31% of full crop). Heads fiat and firm; stem short, with an abundant growth of dark green foliage. One of the very best late varieties. Stands freezing better at all stages than any _ other variety. Yielded 25,810 pounds per acre. 8. Autumn K ing.—Seed from The Livingston Seed Company, Colum- bus, Ohio. Germinated to a good stand August 14 ; first matured January 16; last matured March 21. 363 plants matured 362 (99.72%) salable heads, weighing 12504 pounds. Best cutting February 13——244 heads, weighing 940 pounds ('75.16% of full crop). Heads deep, flat and firm; stem medium length, with an abundant growth of dark green foliage. One of the best late varieties. Yielded 25,935 pounds per acre. 9. Premium Flat Dutch.~Seed from T. H. Thompson & Company, a Houston, Texas. Germinated to a good stand August 14; first matured January 16; last matured March 1.2. 3'78 plants ma- tured 265 070.10%) salable heads, weighing 935% pounds. Best cutting February 13—-14.2 heads, weighing 636 pounds (67.98% of full crop). Heads globular, very firm ; stem very long; foliage bluish green. Very badly damaged by the February freeze. Yielded 17,484 pounds per acre. (The above was nothing more than a poor strain of Danish Ball head.) 10. Danish Ball H ead.——Seecl from C. W". Eichling, New Orleans, La. Gcrminated to a poor stand August 16 ; first matured January 16 ; ' last matured March 21. 186 plants matured 127 (68.27%) sala- ble heads, weighing 4844 pounds. Best cutting February 13 94 heads, weighing 394 pounds (81.11% of full crop). Heads globular, very firm; stem very long, and foliage bluish green. Badly damaged by the February freeze. Yielded 19,456 pounds per acre.