TEXAS ABBIQUTITTEETEEQQMENT STATIONS to t _ ‘"' if’ ' BULLETIN N0. 70. Chemical S€C'ti0n——MafCh, 1904, The: Composition of Texas Cottonseed Meal. POST OFFICE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. 1904 THE BRYAN EAGLE BRYAN, TEXAS Texas Agricultural ExperimentS/tations. OFFICERS. GOVERNING BOARD. (BOARD or DAIRECTORS A. AND M, COLLEGE.) M. SANSOM, President, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Alvarado F. A. REICHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . ..Houston K. K. LEGGETT _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Abilene GEO. T. JEsTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Corsicana W. I. CLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ , _ , . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ , . . . . . . . . ..Austin A. HAIDUSEK- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..LaGrange L. D. AMSLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..He1npstead A. I. BROWN _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dallas STATION OFFICERS. DAVID F. HOUSTON, LL. D., President of the College. JOHN A. CRAIG . . . . . . . . . . _ _ , _ _ , . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dean and Director H. H. HARRINGTON, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . ..Chen1ist M. FRANCIS, D. V. M _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Veterinarian F. S. IOHNSTON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agricu1turist E. I. KYLE, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Horticulturist F. R. MARSHALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . ..Anin1a1 Husbandry E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, M. S., . . . . . . . . ..Consu1ting Entomologist EDWARD C. GREEN, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Horticulturist G. S. FRAPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ , _Assistant Chemist R. L. BENNETT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Cotton Specialist I. G. HARRISON _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bookkeeper STATE SUB-STATIONS. J. K. ROBERTSON, Superintendent . . . . _ _ . . . ..Beevil1e, Bee County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent. ., . . . . . ..Troupe, Smith County NOTE.—T he main station is located on the grounds of the Agricultural and Mechanical College, in Brazos County. The Postofiiec address is COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS. Reports and bulletins are sent free upon application to the Director. The Composition of Texas Cottonseed Meal. l1. H. HARRINGTON, M. S. Chemist. G. S. FRAPS, Ph. D., Assistant Chemist. Work i11 the chemical laboratory for several years past in the in- vestigation of some other topic where cottonseed meal had to be ex- amined, has indicated that the Texas meals are richer in nitrogen than the American average, and that exporters of Texas meals, when selling by the American average, did not get value received for their goods. Believing this to be probable, we have undertaken to study in a systematic and thoroughly reliable way, the composition of Texas meals, and our work goes to show that Texas mill-men should demand more for their goods than they now receive from their export trade. VALUE OF COTTONSEED PRODUCTS. The manufacture of cottonseed oil and other products from cotton- seed now constitutes an industry of great value. The products ob- tained are lint, hulls, oil, and meal. The importance of the industry may be seen by reference to statistical figures from the U. S. Census. During the year ending June 3o, 1900, the cotton seed crop was 4,668,- 346 tons. Fifty-three per cent. of this crop was manufactured, p_r0— ducing 93,325,729 gallons of oil, 845,299 tons 0f meal, about 30,000 tons of lint, and about 1,160,000 tons of hulls. Estimating the oil at 30 cents a gallon, the meal at $20 a ton, and the hulls at $4.00 a ton, the value of these products would be in round numbers $28,000,000 for oil, $16,900,000 for meal and $4,600,000 for hulls, 0r a total of $49,500,000 without counting the lint. The cotton crop of Texas for the years 1899-1900 was 2,438,555 bales; making a seed crop of about 1,200,000 tons, and if half of it were manufactured, the value of the manufactured products would be about $13,000,000. These figures give some idea 0f the importance of the cotton seed industry in Texas.. According t0 the U. S. Census. the average price per ton of cotton- seed in 1889-1890 was $8.54. In 1899-1900 the average price was found t0 be $11.55 per ton, and in 1900-1901 $16.00 per ton. The in- crease in price to the farmer followed a development 0f the industry and a recognition of the value of the products. DRAFT OF COTTON ON THE SOIL. In the growth of a plant, a certain amount of plant food must be taken from the soil. The average amount of the more important forms of plant food taken up by the leaves, roots, stems, bolls, seed and lint in a cotton crop producing 10o pounds of lint per acre, ac- 4 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. cording to McBride, Tenn. Station Bulletin, V01. IV, N0. 5, is as follows: Nitrogen . . . . . . . . .2o.7 pounds Phosphoric acid . . . . 8.2 pounds Potash . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 pounds Lime, magnesia, iron, sulphur, and some other constituents are also removed by the crop, but the above are the most important. A ‘considerable part of this plant food is found in the seed, as follows: Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . .6.8 pounds Phosphoric acid. . . .2.8 pounds Potash . . . . . . . . . . . .2.6 pounds If the entire plant is removed from an acre producing 3oo pounds of lint, the soil loses about 62 pounds nitrogen, 24 pounds phosphoric acid, and 13 pounds of potash. ~ Since, however, only the lint and seed are removed, as a rule, and the remainder of the plant is returned to the soil, the loss is not so great, Plant food removed by 3oo pounds lint and 654 pounds seed: Nitrogen . . . . . . . . .21. 5 pounds Phosphoric acid. . . .8.6 pounds Potash . . . . . . . . . . . .9.o pounds If the plant is dried and then burned, most of the nitrogen (about 6o pounds) is lost, While the potash and phosphoric acid remain be- hind in the ashes, and are returned to the soil. The amount of plant food removed by an average crop of oats and corn per acre is as follows, according to McBride, Tenn. Station Bul- letin, Vol. IV, No. 5: Nitrogen Potash Phosphoric acid Oats, 3o bushels . . . . . . 17.5 6.0 5.3 Straw, 1515 pounds... 9.0 3.o 31.3 Total 26.5 9.0 36.6 Corn, 2o bushels . . . . . . 16.5 6.8 5.3 Straw, 1634 pounds. . .13.3 2.7 25.1 Total 29 8 9.5 30.4 Oats or corn remove more plant food than a crop of cotton, (lint and seed) unless the plant is burned, when the loss of nitrogen is much larger for cotton. The above figures do not represent the entire amount of plant food lost while growing a crop 0f cotton, corn or oats. A certain amount is washed out of the soil by the rain water which passes through the soil. How much this will be depends upon the amount of rain, the nature of the soil, etc., but it is often considerable. Further, clean cultivation of the soil causes the vegetable matter in it to decay more rapidly, and a decreased amount of vegetable matter is the result. The chief draft of cotton is upon the nitrogen of the soil. If plant food goes from the soil every year and none is returned, it is COMPOSITION OF TEXAS COTTONSEED MEAL. 5 plain that the soil must inevitably decrease in crop-producing power. To discuss the fertilization of cotton is not, however, in the province of this bulletin. PRODUCTS FROM COTTON SEED. The products obtained from cotton seed are lint, oil, hulls and meal. The lint comes from the fuzzy coating of short lint on the seed as it comes to the mill. About 7o pounds of lint per ton adheres to the seed, and about 3o pounds per ton are recovered on reginning the seed in the mill. The hulls are separated from the meats of the seeds by hulling machines, which cut the seed to pieces and screen the hulls from the meats. In the early years of the industry the hulls were used almost entirely for fuel, but they are now used for feeding purposes. The value of hulls for feeding will be discussed in another section. The oil is extracted from the meats by pressure, after they have been cooked. It is used as a salad oil, to make compound lard, in the manufacture of soap and for other purposes. Cottonseed Ineal, finally, is obtained by grinding the cake, which is left behind when the oil is pressed out. Its chief uses are as a feed and as a fertilizer, both of which will be discussed below. Occasion- ally it happens that the meal is damaged by heating it too hot during the cooking; in such cases it can be used as a fertilizer. The average amount of meal, hulls, lint and oil obtained from a ton of 2,ooo pounds of cotton seed is as follows‘ Meal 7 13 lbs Oil 282 lbs Lint 3o lbs Hulls 975 lbs GRADES OF MEAL. The following definitions were adopted by the cottonseed oil pro- ducers at a convention in New Orleans in 1901: “Cottonseed meal shall be classed and graded as follows: 18. Choice. Must be the product from choice cottonseed cake when finely ground, must be perfectly sound, sweet and light yellow color (canary), free from excess of lint and hulls. By analysis must contain at least 8 per cent. of ammonia. 19. Prime. Must be made from prime cake, finely ground, sweet odor, reasonably bright in color, yellow, not brown or reddish, and free from excess of lint or hulls, and by analysis must contain at least 8 per cent. of ammonia. 2o. Off. Any cottonseed meal, which is distinctly deficient in any of the requirements of prime quality, either in color, odor, tex- ture or analysis, or all.” o TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. FERTILIZING VALUE OF COTTONSEED MEAL. The plant food in cottonseed meal is chiefly nitrogen, so that its fertilizing value depends mainly upon the quantity of nitrogen in it. In other words, it is a nitrogenous fertilizer. It contains, however, an appreciable quantity of potash and phosphoric acid. The average of 204 analyses, [The Cotton Plant, (U. S. Department Agriculture),] is as follows: Nitrogen . . . . . . . . .6.79 per cent Phosphoric acid. .2.88 per cent Potash . . . . . . . . . . . 1.77 per cent The trade valuation for these constituents in Texas for the fertili- zer season of 1903-1904 is, nitrogen 13 cents, phosphoric acid 7 cents, potash 6 cents. At these figures, the fertilizer valuation of a ton of cottonseed meal of the average composition would be: Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . AB 1 7.65 Phosphoric acid. . . . 3.93 Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 Total $23.70 It will be noticed that over three-fourths of the above valuation is credited to nitrogen. The above average is the average of 204 analyses made from meal from different parts of the country. It will be seen from what will be said in succeeding pages that Texas cottonseed meal is above the average. Prime Texas cottonseed meal should contain about 7.50 per cent. nitrogen, which, at the prevailing prices for nitrogen, would make the value $19.50 per ton for the nitrogen, 11early $2.00 more than the first valuation given. ' In using cottonseed meal as a fertilizer, the fact should be borne in mind that it is a one-sided fertilizer, a nitrogenous fertilizer. If the soil needs nitrogen, it will be beneficial, but if the soil needs phos- phoric acid or potash, applications of fertilizers containing more of these ingredients than cottonseed meal does, would prove more profit- able. ' It is evident that the chief value of cotton seed meal as a fertilizer depends upon the amount of nitrogen contained in it. FEEDING VALUE OF COTTONSEED MEAL.. The feeding value of cottonseed meal depends chiefly upon the amount of protein and oil contained in it. Protein is the flesh-forming constituent of a feeding stuff, and is usually the most expensive constituent. As it contains on an average 16 per cent. of nitrogen, the percentage of nitrogen in a feeding stuff multiplied by 6,25 gives the amount of protein present. In other words, the amount of nitrogen is a measure for the amount of protein present, so that both the fertilizing and the feeding value of cotton- COMPOSITION on TEXAS COTTONSEED MEAL. 7 seed meal depends most largely upon its nitrogen content. Lean meat and the white of an egg are composed almost entirely of protein and water. Fats or oils are concentrated foods. They belong to a class of substances, which produce heat to keep the animal warm, which are consumed when the animal moves, and which are deposited in the an- imal body in the form of fat. The other members of this class are nitrogen-free extract and crude fiber. The woody part of hays and straws is composed largely of crude fiber, and as it is not readily di- gested. it is not of much value. Starch, sugar, etc. are contained in the nitrogen-free extract. The higher value of fats compared with crude fiber or nitrogen-free extract is recognized when we say that a pound of digested fat is equal in value to two and one-fourth pounds of digested nitrogen-free extract or crude fiber. The nitrogen-free extract in cottonseed meal or other concentrated foods, is, however, of considerable value. The other constituents of cotton seed meal in addition to protein, fat, nitrogen-free extract and crude fiber, are ash, or mineral matters, and water. The average composition of cottonseed meal (4oo analyses) is as follows: Per cent. \Vater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8,52 Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,02 Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _43.26 Crude fiber . . . . . . . . . . . 5.44 Nitrogen-free extract, _22.31 Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,45 If we calculate the fat to terms of nitrogen-free extract or crude fiber, we find its value to be 30.28 per cent., or more than equal to the sum of the crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract. It is‘ thus plain, as has been stated, that the feeding value of cottonseed. meal depends chiefly upon the protein (or nitrogen) and fat contained in it. Cottonseed meal is a concentrated feeding stufi’. That is to say, it contains a high percentage of digestible nutrients. “Roughage” contains much lower percentages of digestible nutrients, chiefly ow- ing to the presence of a larger quantity of Lindigestible crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract. Rational feeding depends on feeding proper amounts of flesh-form- ing nutrients (protein) and heating nutrients (fats, nitrogen-free ex- tract and crude fiber) in a bulk suitable to the animal. The stom- achs of cows, sheep, etc, require a certain bulk of food to perform their functions with entire satisfaction to the animal and the feeder. MANURIAL VALUE OF COTTONSEED MEAL. The manure from animals fed cottonseed meal, provided it is prop- erly saved, has fertilizing value almost equal to the cottonseed meal. That is to say, that while a small part of the plant food in the meal, the nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid, remains in the animal body, the greater part passes into the urine and excrement. The ma» 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. nure from a ton of cottonseed meal, properly cared for, should be worth $10 to $15. A great part of the plant food is in the urine, and if the urine is lost, probably % of the fertilizing value of the manure is lost. If the manure is exposed to rain, a considerable part of the plant food will be washed out. Probably the most economical method of saving the manure would be to pen and feed the animals upon the land to be manured. COTTONSEED HULLS. The average amount of fertilizing ingredients in cottonseed hulls is as follows: A Per cent. Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . .o.69 Phosphoric acid. . . . .25 Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . I .02 I The fertilizing value of the hulls periton would average $3.35. The average composition of cottonseed hulls is as follows: Per cent. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 1.36 Ash , _ _ , _ _ . . . . . . . . . . 2.73 Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.18 Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4532 Nitrogen-free extract. .3419 Fat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.22 The hulls are poor in protein and fat, and contain a large quantity of crude fiber, Cottonseed hulls are not a concentrated food. COTTON OIL MILLS IN TEXAS. There are about 50o cotton oil mills in the United States, of which about 15o are in Texas. A complete list of the Texas mills is pre- sented in the following table, which is correct to Ian 1, 1903. Annona Cotton Oil Co - - - - - . - . - - . . - - - - --Annona l Blossom O. 8c C. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bloss0m Planters (l. M. C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Alvarado l Farmers C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Brandon Austin (w, Mfg, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Austin Arlington C. O. Co.... . . . . . . . . ..Arlington 1 Caldwell O. M. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Caldwell Abilene C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - . - - - "Abilene l Gibson Gin 8: Oil C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Calvert Athens C, Q, CQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Athens CTSCO O. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .Ci5c() , Clarksville C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - . - - --Clarksville Belcher C. O. Co - - . . - - - - . . - - - - . - - --Belcherville Milam Co. O. M. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - --Cameron Beltgn C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..BeltQn l Pittman O, Mil] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Clebume Planters C. O. Co - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Bonham l Corsicana C. O. Co - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Corsicana Bowie (j, 5, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bowie l Navarro C. O. C0 . - - - - - - - - . . . - - - - - - --Corsicana Brenham (j, O, 8t Mfg, CO _ . . . . . . . . . ..Brenham l Houston Co. O. M. & Mfg. Co - - - - - - - -- Crockett Brownwood Oil Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Brownwood l Cuero C. O. & Mfg. C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cuem Blooming Grove C. O. Co . . . . ..Blo0ming Grove l Celeste 0- & C. C0 - - - - - ~ - - - - - . . - . . . - - “Celeste Bryan C, S, O, C0 . . . . . . . . ..‘ . . . . . . . . .Bryan COODBI‘ C. O. C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C()Qper Powell O. M. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bastrop Bartlett O, M, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bartlett Dawson C. O. C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Da£v5gn Burton C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Burt()n Degatur C, S, Q, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .De¢atur COMPOSITION OF TEXAS Trinity C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dallas National C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - --Denison Benton (j, Q, & M, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dent0n Dublin C,» 0, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dublin Dallas Oil 8; Refining C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dallas Detroit O. 8: Cotton C0 - - - - - - - - - -- -Detroit DOdd City O. M. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D0dd City Dangerfield C. O. 8: Gin Co . . . . . . ..Dangerfield Ennis C. O. 8: Ginning Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ennis Delta C0, C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Enloe Farmers C, Q, Co...“ . . . . . . . . . . ..Farmersville Flatonia C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Flat0nia Floresville O. M. Mfg. C0 . . . . . . . . . . ..Floresville Fort Worth C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fort Worth Farmers and Merchants C. O. Co . . . . . . . .. Frost Gainsville C, S, O, M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gainsville Georgetown O. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Georget0wn Grandview O,M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Grandview Greenville O. 8: C. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Greenville Goliad O. M. 8: Gin C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Goliad Gonzales C. O. 8: Mfg. Co . . . . . . . . . ..Gonzales Gatesville Q, & C,CQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Gatesville Giddingg C, O, CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Giddings Henderson C. O. 8: Gin Co - - - - - - - - --Henderson National (j, Q, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Hearne Hempstead C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Hempstead Hillgboro O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Hill5boro Lavaca O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hallettsville Honey Grove C. O. C0 - - - - - - - - - - --H0ney Grove National C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Houston Consumers C. O. C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Houston Southern C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Houst0n Houston Cotton O, CQ . . . . . . . . .8 . . . . . . . . . HOUSiOFl Hubbard City C. O. 8: Gin Co... ..Hubbard City Hico O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hi¢() Planters O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heame Itasca C. S. O. M. C0 - - - - . . . . . . - - . - . - . . “Itasca Italy C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Italy Jacksonville C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - -- Jacksonville Jefferson C. O. 8: Refining Co - - - - - ~ ~-Jefferson Jacksboro C. O. Con. - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - --Jacksb0ro Kaufman C. O. Co.‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Kaufman Kyle O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kyle Kereng C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Keren5 Ladonia C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..La,donia Lockhart C. O. C0 - - - - --‘ ~ . - - - - - - - - - - --Lockhart LaGrange C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . ..LaGrange Longview C. S. O. M. Co - - - - - - - - - - - --Longview Luling C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Luling Leonard C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Leonard Lancaster C. O. C0 ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - --Lancaster Luling C. 8: Mfg. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Luling Lone Oak C. O. 8: Gin Co - - - - - - - - - - “Lone Oak Marlin O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Marlin McGregor C. O. C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..McGregor Moulton Gin 8: Oil Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Moulton McKinney C. O. M. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - --McKinney COTTONSEED MEAL. ‘ 9 Farmers 8: Mer.C.O. 8: Mfg. Co. . .Mt. Pleasant Mt. Calm C. S. O. CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mt, Calm Midlothian C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Midlotnian Munger Oil 8: Cotton C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mexia Mertens Co-operative Gin 8: Mfg. Co. “Mertens Morgan C. S. 8: O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morgan H. Schumacher Oil Works . . . . . . . . . . “Navasota, Merchants 8: Farmers C. O. Co- - Nacogdoches Landa C. O. C0 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Braunfels Bowie Co. C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --New Boston‘ Omaha, C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Palestine C. S. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Palestine Paris C. 8: O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paris Pilot Point C. O. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pilot Point Lamar C. O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paris Pittsburg C. O. C0 - - - . - - - - - - . - - . - - - - ..P_ittsburg Planters C. S, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Petty Pecan Gap C. O. C0 - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - --Pecan Gap Rosebud C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rgsebud Rockdale C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - ~ --i - - - - - -~Rockdale Roxton C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....Roxton Rockwall C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - --. - - - - - -- Rockwall Royce O. 8: C. C0 .-' - - - - - - - - - . - - --Royce City Stephenville C. O.Co - - - - - - - - - - - - --Stephenville San Antonio Oil Works - - - - - - - - - - - -San Antonio San Marcos O. 8: Gin Co - - - - - - - . --San Marcos National C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Seguin Sherman O. 8: C. C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - Sherman Schulenberg O. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sctiulenberg Farmers 8: Ginners C. O.Co- - - Sulphur Springs Tex. 8: Ind. Ter. O. 8: C. C0 - - - - - - - - “Sheiman Shiner O. M. 8: Mfg. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Shiner Smithville O. M. Co - - - - - ~ - - - - - - -- Smithville ‘Taylor C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Taylor Empire M, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temple Texarkana C. O. 8: Fertilizing Co- - - Texarkana Terrell C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Terrell Central Texas C. O. C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Temple Taylor C.O. Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . ..Tayl0r Tyler C,O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tyler Victoria C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Victoria Valley Mills C. O. Co . - - - - - ~ - - - - - --Valley Mills Van Alstyne C. O. M - - - - - - - - - - - - - v -Van Alstyne National C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Waco Consumers C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wa¢o Wharton Gin 8: Milling Co - - - - - - - - - - - -Wharton Wills Point C. O. C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Wills Point Waxahachie C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Waxahachie Planters Oil Co; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Weatherford Weimar O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Weimar Wortham C. O. Co - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --W0rtham Whitewright O. Co . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Whitewright Hunt C0. Oil C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wolfe City West C, O, C0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .We$t Winsboro C. O. C0 - - - - - . - - . - - - . - . . . --Winsb0ro Planters Oil C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Waxahachie Yoakum O. 8: Mfg. C0 - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - --Yoakum Yorktown C. O. 8: Mfg. Co . . . . . . . . . . .Yorktown 1o TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. - Lnwnsnml i‘ ‘ \, “,- !C°"'~5 -\\_\ Pwmuna "i Z \ RI ~. , Ironnol iwmr‘ " LAYk-"fpvy E1“), J flu/OMW/ p i_\"J-_ —l"i—“ i O cool‘; ‘wuss ,, "ismmowicunm ‘am “u” ‘Bavuflil _|"°"8°“' ‘L’ a O OI l '9 < r 1- :1 n 1 manna! , Qoolooow . w, ~ ' | | O O Q new I 0 ‘Oi ___ '__ _.1._._,.. _._._4 /|’T!>1?-<5-1\,\/~ ' -"-J= "-’ ‘m-i o g o t o 1 o fo pf; Si; I I iflonew-tzfw-snstt tlnfiaamflmlYounz; incx M52 i065‘ P‘ "VH5" rowan a“ o | l . 4 I A ___.._r-_.__»---»- ' - — - - " O 51"’ li“§\¢-—»—- F" 1' i ' ° i ° I O0 ss- NEAT rune , 0M5 '91:“ an vows-nun w- PARKER 1AM»! m As O Q _ , m?“ ~ |J ‘i l L I h I \l J Q ! Q i‘l\lufgl>uivAlll-AlVQ7u\”il_\/o:\ i‘ D I . - G A l'_'”'i'_""—‘i"“'_'“""' ‘ q Io- smvrwim 1-1 I l | o .nuO$l_/g~®5vr4' t L L l S ___..1.._ -- ""'_' . . -Q _O I . _ - / NOLAN lunon [mum-u nsvtmn i ’v‘ /' U "AVL a . | i /,/~\ERA1,,(\::/,>_ ,/ _O 6090 Q _-——b—--‘lu$v\l_ L l | I ' ‘ Ii‘ '_ '-—--r-—————r—-/ ‘ 1 I l | O\camm,,,\ l/\ lcneaaxaxl_._ .--\s»50 E i)‘ / “o” n \\An5lLmA fiz/I/ / lmsctlttocuisnusarn unPnA , . \ “Us , _.__._..__.._ | ‘Y/ \9/ Tzoauucnl /-~' y/“umn/ _\"\_—Q\ ' ' --->-— E . - . | L- .|_._ - i B Li 0/ 0 O /mot$o~ '3 l” tzwnenn- m)’ ' \. .’ ' l!’ ' l INA \ , 4 ‘ - | BuRNETI- O ~\1 MILAN ) a wgLugfl- - _ _ . _.»-.-_ J MA$QN ' LLLNO /WIL|_|AMSQN ‘_ C) / a -. I ' I t‘, ‘ 1,0,, , ___ ._"__.__, ._/\nunusou | x \ H an l | _/ \ _ u_ __ v swash‘ _ O\>L€E A ___,r|c~un~&=w a ~ ”"‘.'"'! . , _ nfiion __ ‘zv~_l/\. ! I I mean’ '1 - ‘\_/\"'35\_/\_ O y Q AU“ N 2D- H R O\__ _ _ ‘EDWARDS !_ _ _,4HU~_~\__ . ( O\_ /.\ 1 9x A R|S w , \_ | A/“m \, '_(Iu.UwEu\/ ' / \ OQO ‘ new RA ‘ r/ O ’~ O0 - u E \ ..£__ \ O / \ . I If '1 / Hv- .___,€0Lo m‘ FY |'_—"-‘— ’-" 1"" _s' Tceflniuvtl/ O r’ O _ Q / u‘ ‘m’ I: _ > n36 xAn flow-M“ 1 M \ _ \_ l‘. ‘HmNEY uv n: O I/L "\ / H o“ Q/wnarr»: Y“ » \- _ AL .M:°|NA‘_ Awksahp /. \_o /.\ O A Bnnxcwwi J I \ \/ /\./DE \ Map Showing Location of Cottonseed Oil Mills in Texas Each Circle Indicates a Mill. DISTRIBUTION OF THE MILLS. The map on page 1o shows the distribution by counties of the oil mills in Texas, no attempt being made to indicate the exact location of the mill in the county. The mills are distributed through a com- paratively limited area, and do not occur in ,West Texas, and hardly at all in South-east Texas. COMPOSITION OF TEXAS MEALS. The samples of meals were received partly from the mills, partly \ COMPOSITION OF TEXAS COTTONSEED MEAL. 1: from jockusch, Davison & Co., of Galveston, to whom our acknowl— edgment is hereby made for their courtesy. The samples of meals re- ceived from the mills were‘in response to the following letter: AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS, CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. College Station, Texas, Nov. 2o, 1903 Dear Sir—I am making a systematic study of cottonseed meals of the state, with particular reference to their content of oil and nitrogen I want to show that the Texas meals are of superior composition. Will you aid me in this work by sending me a carefully selected one pound sample of your PRIME meal-such as represents the average run of your mill from good seed. I do not want choice meal nor a gradeinferior to that of prime meal. Results will be sent you after completion and publication. Thanking you in advance for your trouble, Yours truly, H. H. HARRINGTON, Chief Chemist to Experiment Station. The samples received were probably slightly above the average of the meals sold throughout Texas—-that is to say, they did not include any low-grade or inferior meals. At the same time, the samples must represent fairly well the run of prime Texas cottonseed meal. Certain of the samples received from Galveston were bolted meal— meal from which the hulls had been sifted by bolting cloth. Since hulls contain comparatively low percentages of fat and nitrogen, bolt- ed meal should be more valuable than unbolted. In the best grade of meal, however, comparatively little hulls are found. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS. The most important constituents of cottonseed meal are nitrogen and fat, for the reasons set forth in the preceding pages. The analy- ses were confined to a determination of these constituents. The table below presents the results of the analyses. Where the name of the oil mill is not given, the sample was received from Gal- veston. 12 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. COMPOSITION OF COTTON SEED MEALS. NO NAME ' LOCATION FAT NITROGEN l 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Caldwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13.17 7.52 1, 5 Bryan Cotton Seed Oil Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,39 7,75 1 8 Brenham Oil 8: Manufacturing C0 - - - - - - - - -- Brenham - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 12.24 7.74 g 9 Terrell Cotton Oil Co . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - --|Terrell - - - - - - . - - -- 8.53 7.68 i 1O Lavaca Oil Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hallettsville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,36 7,70 11 Corsicana Cotton Oil C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --,Corsicana - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 7.51 8.12 12 Ennis Cotton Oil Ginning C0 - - - - - - - - - - - - ulEnnis - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 10.15 8.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7_54 lHallettsville - - . - - - - - - . - - - - -- 11.26 7.63 ,San Antonio - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 10.34 7.90 lCameron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10,58 7,86 ‘Hico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,23 8,15 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,13 7,93 ‘Alvarado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8,09 Waxahachie - ~ - - -. 8.77 7.96 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Annona , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,56 7,00 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Caldwell. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8,03 23 l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,New Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,93 7,33 24 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Fort Worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,34 7,93 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;Brownwood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7,17 8,64 26 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QClaI-ksville . _ _ , _ . , . . . . . . . . .. 502 7,79 27* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,99 7,25 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 10.97 l 7.40 29*" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Braunfels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.79 I 8.03 30* ........................................... . .1 _ 10.23 l 7.34 31*; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13.42 8.12 32 iCuero Cotton Oil Mills - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - -- iCuero l 10.72 l 7.50 33 lWharton O, 81 C, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hlwharton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,83 7,05 34 Alvarado Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alvarado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 11.34 8.14 35 Pittsbnrg Cotton Oil Co . . . . . . . . .. ... Pittgburg. . . . . . . . . . . ..l 7.79 7.86 36 Belton Cotton Oil Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gBelton , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..‘ 7,57 7,66 5O Tyler Cotton Oil Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tyler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,04- 7,21 51 Valley Mills Cotton Oil Co - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - -- Valley Mills - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H; 14.15 7.65 52 Wills Point Cotton Oil Co . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~Wills Point - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --l 6.93 7.08 53 Athens Cotton Oil Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hl/Xthens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 9,11 7,08 54 Weimar 011 Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..,Weimar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 18,16 7.06 55 Austin Oil Co...‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..‘Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 13.81 8.57 56. Barnett 0n Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Bartlett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..‘ 13.16 7.55 5'7 Paris Oil 8L Cotton Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fParis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8,32 7,88 58 Kyle O, 8L G, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..|Kyle , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.07 7.54 59 Georgetown Oil Mill - . - - - - . - . - . . - . . . . - - - - “Georgetown - - - . - - - - - - - - - - --j 17.72 ‘ 7.26 6O Powell O. M. Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Bastrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 10,41 l 7,66 ()1 Laflrange O, M, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 'l_,aGrange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10,00 7_47 62 Farmers 81 Ginners C. O. C0 - - - - - . - - - - - - - --:Sulphur Springs - . . - - . - - - -- l 11.64 7.77 65 Lancaster C, O, Co . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘Lancaster - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.88 7.80 66 Merchants 8L Farmers C. O. Co . . . . . . . . . . ..'Na.cogdoches . . . . . . . . . . . . . --l 9.10 . 7.30 *Bolted. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS. Fortyvsix samples were examined representing 43 mills, and 34 counties. The samplesmay be divided into three groups, as follows: Above 7.o per cent. nitrogen. . . . . . 14 Between 7. 5-7.9 per cent “ . . . . . . r9 Between 7-‘7. 5 per cent “ . . . . . . 13 Total number... . . . . . . . . It will be observed that r4 of the above samples contain more than 7.9 per cent. of nitrogen. Of 41o analyses of cottonseed meal, tabu- lated in The Cotton Plant, Bulletin No. 33,‘ Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. D. A., only 18 contain more than 7.9 per cent. of nitro- gen, or only a few more than was found in the 46 samples of Texas meals. Further, we have tabulated the analyses of cottonseed meal made in a number of states for purposes of inspection, during the years COMPOSITION 0F TEXAS CoTToNSEED MEAL. 13 1902-1903. In a total of 9 states, I51 samples of meal were examined. Of these samples not one was found to contain over 7.9 per cent. of nitrogen; only 8 contained more than 7. 5 per cent. Compare with the 14 Texas meals containing over 7.9 per cent., and a total of 33 containing over 7. 5 per cent of nitrogen. i These figures prove definitely that Texas cottonseed meals are richer in nitrogen than cottonseed meals from other sections. RECENT ANALYSES OF COTTONSEED MEAL (NITROGEN) NO. OF ABOVE BETWEEN BELOW STATE DATE OF REPORT SAMPLES ‘MAXIMUM! 75 ‘ 7 8L 75 [ 7_O l New York . . . . . . . . . . . . .. September, 1903 - - - - -- 15 7.4 I 0 5 7 Rhode Island - - - - - - . - - - - June, 1903 . . . . . . . . . .. 9 7.5 1 4 10 New Hampshire - - - . . . -- February, 1903 - . . - - -- 8 7.7 1 1 6 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. November, 1903...... . 7 7.5 1 4 2 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . June, 1903 . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.5 1 9 3 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . .. October, 1902 . . . . . . . . 12 7_6 1 5 6 North Carolina . . . . . . . .. July, 1903 . . . . . . . . . . .. 54 7.2 O 1O 44 Vermont . - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- September, 1903 . . . . .. 22 ? I 2 11 9 Pennsylvania . - - - - . - . . .. Janaury, 1903 . . . . . . .. 11 7.5 1 5 5 Total 151 8 54 92 Texas 46 8.62 33 13 0 Of course it may be objected that the samples sent in by the mills were of a higher grade than the market samples collected by the states cited in the table. But when ‘we consider that out of total of 151 sam- ples only 8 contained over 7.5 per cent. of nitrogen, while 33 out of 46 samples of Texas meals contained over 7. 5 per cent. nitrogen, the con- clusion is certainly justified that Texas meals are richer in nitrogen. - It is believed that the difference is not due to the northern samples containing more hulls, and the Texas meals less, but to a difference in the composition of seeds. DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLES. Some interesting results are obtained when the samples are plotted _ upon the map of Texas. On the map on page 14, each circle repre- sents a sample of meal from a different mill. No attempt is made to show the exact location of the mill in the county. The samples are divided into three groups according to their content of nitrogen. From 7 to 7.5 per cent. nitrogen, the symbol is (); from 7.5 to 7.9 per cent., (l) ; and above 7.9 per cent., O. Every sample was of good quality. The samples are observed to be grouped in four areas. The meals lower in nitrogen come chiefly from the eastern part of the state, the medium grades from the. center, while the highest grade of meal comes from two western areas. These four areas are indicated on the map. While it is recognized that samples of meal from the same mill may vary to a certain extent, and bearing in mind the fact that only one sample from each mill, as a rule, was subjected to analysis, yet we feel justified in thinking that the distribution of samples as shown in the map, is not accidental, but is due to causes which influence the com- position of the cotton seed, as regards its nitrogen content. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS, -_._-J\~~/~.'\ l | ‘ 5mm tfj““"".w.re.nZEIi""-~/i"l_ A __ , _ . i IMKB"! , , "Fr-a in fir ‘"4 a?» , . '---—-—.- ~.»\|""_'_"_ "JCL Y- c, ‘*3: l_ \-' 1 “MR ‘min mm ‘~ ‘Butofii I °‘ i“""'"| ‘D l @"‘“ Inna Jfiulnzl- - . {Q76 '~ BOW‘: i ‘ ‘ __._l_.__. _ ..\.._____._ -/ ‘W-"rmv - "4 T“ I i ‘_‘__| i i F ~1!fi“‘“$i i!“ ‘Tfctgsi suwewntt- ASKELL IWWJWKZRU Y0 NG .J\Cl‘ ' w-si ivfww" ‘¢°‘-“" ‘m! , ‘fl é‘ v ' ‘ ‘ . __l _ _,.____./‘C_ _ ________' - ,_. __________ --, ' " """"‘ ~ I|§"§_*_“_>_‘n~~s\,~oow mEw-n-w» I ' 1 | Q ___ - \_\1 \ /\./" Fnsnsv? -JO~ES BncxKLF0RQiSTEPNWSRMQ ‘~ PARKER ‘YI-“nw” ° ‘*5 \ //'\ HWYI-iwn | _ | A l \ gAurmnwvAwzAuDfrk ~ o 1 o- ‘ ‘ "i '_| __.._. i ~ - '"' O s . - VNOLAN |TAYLOW{CKL‘_M¢Elio>\EElr_+_.~\snELB1 _ "one Rnuus‘ ( 1 g U lcouww \ - (5000 \'T.A~~/' _ _ ‘ ,r\ 0P,’ )1 f’ e;-—s— i< ~ w ~ C ‘ r-Ov 'o~-’\ 3"- ‘ |concuo| g f’ / -“">“‘" %»f/- | iMECULLOCHaSA\SABA '/ g ,- /“"MH'/ \ ‘x,- ——--—.~—-—l ______ \__/ R6BERT:~1*‘\ / / _ \ a 1. / Y _ - m EICwEPIME-NARDT H“ \.‘““"\I1 ‘m ._..._‘._.__._] MA>OM LLANO \ __)I4 I |_._._;._. _. YON 1 K|MBLE I I ' (ivttfisPxi |. I I ,- -/~_ ~__._ ._._. ronrenul I l 1 ' l k ‘-‘ .- . . - Wz munNEPuv/ALDE , Q9 ' _ BRAZORIA I M E D | w . _ ' " ‘ - /, /‘ua w_|rr X ,/ __. -_- - -- — - -— -- - ‘ , / ‘\ . ' l I \ /. ._ /. ‘ , l ZAvALLA ‘ F I o - ATASCGSA\I_“ATHES\-_/’\*\ vyuomxlm l / I/€-\_.-\GOUAQ A I g - /\\_~l\QALHO'\UN MMM” ' ' \- BE‘ \/'sz(aeu<=\o W/ ha ‘anti .m=.nuttu~lluvi“"l\\ - w”; _._._» | ‘ / $ y i‘ ' l \ \'\~\__\/q_§? . --— —"-— wtmos wx/ ~. 1 . a L1 I ._r.__, l l ‘ouvnui MUEK-ES/ Z5'Z9 “ “ i .9 yy 7. 1‘- ‘* “ I l l ,/-HQRLQO QCANiRC-N l I Map Showing Distribution of Cottonseed Meals CAUSES on THE DIFFERENCE. The difference in the composition of the cotton seed may be due to differences in the soil, in the rainfall, or other factors. If we compare the map showing the composition of Texas meals, with a rain chart of Texas, we will find that the meals richest in nitro- gen are from a section with a low rain-fall; the medium meals from a section where the rainfall is greater, and the meals 'with lowest amounts of nitrogen from the section of greatest rainfall. XVI TROGEV o Z-ZJPW‘ 6m’ .j (D COMPOSITION or TEXAS COTTONSEED MEAL. 15 Whether the difference in composition is indeed due to the difier- ence in the atmospheric precipitation is a matter which could only be decided after several years of study, but the relation seems so striking that it seems at least very possible. The study of such a question would involve the comparison of meterological data for a number of years with the results of chemical analysis, since the precipitation dur- ing the crop season varies from year to year. FAT IN TEXAS MEALS. The amount of fat varies considerably, from 6.93 to 18.16 per cent. No general conclusion can be deduced from the data. SUMMARY. (I) The feeding value of cottonseed meal depends chiefly upon the amount of nit1 ogen and fat which it contains, nitrogen in protein be- ing a flesh-forming food, and fat serving for fuel and to be stored up as fat. (2) The fertilizing value of cottonseed meal depends chiefly upon the amount of nitrogen which it contains. (3) Of 46 samples of Texas meals tested, 33 contained over 7.5 per cent. of nitrogen, while of I51 samples of meal examined in 9 other states, only 8 contained over 7. 5 per cent. nitrogen. (4) Texas cottonseed meals on the average are richer in nitrogen than meal from other sections, and therefore should have a higher commercial value. , (5) The meals richest in nitrogen come from the western part of the state; those lowest in nitrogen from the east, and the medium grades from the central cotton-growing region. A map shows the distribution of the meals. (6) There is very possibly a relation between the rainfall and the nitrogen content of cotton seed, the seed being richer in more arid sec- tions. This difference may, however, be due to other causes.