TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 197 NOVEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT 0F SUBSTATION NO. 3. ANGLETON, TEXAS 1909-1914 POSTOITFICE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. AUSTIN, TEXAS: von BOECKMANN-JONES 00., PRINTERS, 1916. [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] A2—1116——75h TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT sum»: BULLETIN NO. 197 NOVEMBER, 1916 PROGRESS REPORT OF SUBSTATION NO. 3, ANGLETON, TEXAS 1909-1914 BY N. E. WINTERS, B. s., SUPERINTENDENT POSTOFFICE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS. é’ AUSTIN, TEXAS: VON BOECKMANN-JONES c0., PRINTERS, 1916. AGRICULTURAL‘ AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BizzELL, A. M. D. C. L., President TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION _ BOARD OF DIRECTORS oHN I. GuIoN, Ballinger, President ................................ .. L1 .....Term expires 1919 L. J. HART, San Antonio, Vice-President ......... .. ....Term expires 1919 E. H. STIN, Bryan... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1919 J. S WILLIAMS, Parl ......................... .. ;...Term expires 1917 T. E BATTLE, Marlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....Term expires 1917 H. A. BREIHAM, Bartlett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1917 J. R. KUBENA, Fayetteville .......................................................................... .. Term expires 1921 A. B. DAVIDSON, uero....._ ....................................................................... .. ....Term expires 1921 W. A. MILLER, JR., Amarillo ........................................................................................ ..Term expires 1921 MAIN STATION COMMITTEE J . S. WILLIAMS GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS P. L. DowNs, Temple, President .................................................................................. ..Term expires 1919 L. J. HART, Chairman W. A. MILLER, JR. CHARLES ROGAN, Austin, Vice-President.... ....Term expires 1917 W. P. HOBBY, Beaumont ......................... .. ....Term expires 1917 J. E. BOOG-SCOTI‘, Coleman .......................................................................................... ..Term expires 1921 *STATION STAFF DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY ' F ADMINISTRATION _ _B. YOUNGBLOOD, M. S., Dire_ctor A. B. CQNNER, B. S., Vice Director CHAS. A. FELKER, Chief Clerk A. S. WARE, Secretary DIVISION OF VETERINARY SCIENCE M. FRANCIS, D. V. S., Veterinarian in harge _ _ H. SCHMIDT, D. V. M., Veterinarian DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY ‘ _ G. S. FRAPS,_Ph. D., Chemist in Charge; State Chemist _ _ W. T. P. SPRQTT, B. S.,_Assistant Chemist H. LEBESON, B. S., Assistant Chemist CHAS. BUCHWALD, B. S., Assistant Chemist DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE _ v H. NESS, M. S., Horticulturist? in.‘ Charge W. S. HOTCHKISS, Horticulturist DIVISION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J. . URNS, B. S., Animal Husbandman, Feeding Investigations J. M. JONES, A. M., Animal Husbandman, Breeding Investigations . B. PADDOCK, M. S., Entomologist in Charge; State Entomologist H. J. REINRARD, B. S., Assistant Ento- mologist County Apiary Inspectors R. C. Abernathy, Ladonia; William Atch- ley, Mathis; J. W. E. Basham, Barstow; Victor Bo er, Jourdanton; T. W. Burle- son, Waxa achie: W. C. Collier, Goliad; E. W. Cothran, Roxton; G. F. Davidson, Pleasanton: John Donegan, Seguin; A. R. Graham, Milano; H. Grossenbacher, San ‘ Antonio; J. B. King, Batesville: N. G. LeGear, Waco; R. A. Little, Pearsall; H. L. Mofield, Hondo; M. C Stearns, Brady; S. H. Stephens, Uvalde; M. B. Tally, Victoria; Jas. W. Traylor, Enloe; R. . Watson, Heidenheimer: W. H. White, Greenville; W. P. Bankston, Buffalo. DIVISION OF AGRONOMY A. B. CQNNER, B. S., Agronomist in Charge A. H. LEIDIGH, B. S., Agronomist LOUIS WERMELSKIRCHEN, B. S., Agronomist DIVISION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY J. J. TAUBENHAUS, Ph. D., Plant Patholo~ gist and Physiologist in Charge A. D. JOHNSON, B. S., Graduate Assistant **DIVISION OF FARM MANAGEMENT REx E. WILLARD, M. S., Farm Manage- ment Expert in Charge - J. M. ScHAEDEL, Stenographer DAISY LEE, Registration Clerk W. F. CHRISTIAN, Stenographer _ ELIZABETH WALKER, Stenographer E. E. KILBoRN, Stenographer *As of November 1, 1916. SUBSTATION NO. 4: DIVISION OF POULTRY.HUSBANDARY R. N. HARVEY, B. S., Poultryman in Charge DIVISION OF FORESTRY J. FQSTER, M. F., Forester in Charge; State Forester DIVISION OF PLANT BREEDING E. P. HUMBERT, Ph. D., Plant Breeder in Charge J. S. MQGFORI), B. S., Graduate Assistant DIVISION OF DAIRYING _ J. E. HARPER, M. S., Dairyman in Charge P. R. PERKINS, B. S., Herdsman DIVISION OF FEED CONTROL SERVICE JAMES SULLIVAN, Executive Secretary J. H. ROGERS, Inspector H. W000, Inspector . H. WoLTERs, Inspector . D. PEARcE, Inspector . M. WICKES, Inspector T. B. REESE, Inspector ewe: SUBSTATION NO. 1: 'Beeville, Bee County E. E. BINFORD, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 2: Troup, Smith County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 3: County N. E. WINTERS, B. S., Superintendent Beaumont, Jetferson ounty H. H. LAUDE, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 5: Temple, Bell County D. T. KILLOUGH, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 6, Denton, Denton County V. L. CORY, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 7: Spur, Dickens County R. E. DICKSONpB. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 8: Lubbock, Lubbock County R. E. KARPER, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 9, Pecos, Reeves County J. W. JACKSON, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. l0: (Feeding and Breeding Substation), College Station, Brazos County T. M. REDDELL, Superintendent G. F. JoRpAN, B. S., Scientific Assistant SUBSTATION NO. ll: Nacogdoches, Nacog- doches County G. T. McNESs, Superintendent **SUBSTATION NO. 12: Chillicothe, Harde- man County R. W. EDWARDS, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 13, Sonora, Sutton County E. M. PETERS, B. S., Acting Superintendent Angleton, Brazoria CLERICAL ASSISTANTS C. L. DuRsT, Mailing Clerk A. T. JACKSON, Stenographer W. E. TURNEB, Stenographer CARL ABELL, Librarian **In cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture. CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Climatological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 Corn Variety Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 Corn Seeding Rate Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 Distribution of Plants and Its Effect on Yield of Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Cowpea as an Intertilled Legume Crop in Corn and Effect on Yield of Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9 Time of Seeding Legumes in Corn and Its Effect on Yield . . . . . . . . . 1O Corn Rotation—lts Effect on Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 Oats Seeding Bate Test . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Oats Variety Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Oats-Rotation versus Continuous Crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Cowpea Variety Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 Cowpea Seeding Rate Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-1 Cowpeas Rotated versus Cowpeas Not Rotated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Soy Beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Kulthi and Moth Bean's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Velvet Beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Sorghum Seeding Rate Test for Forage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 Japanese Sugar (lane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 Sudan Grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 Dasheens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ . . . . . . . . 17 Trees and Fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1'7 [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] PROGRESS REPORT OF SUBSTATION NO. 3, ANGLETON, TEXAS, 1909-1914. BY N. E. “TNTERS, B. S., SUPERINTENDENT. INTRODUCTION. Substation No. 3 was established in 1909, 0n a tract of 157 acres of lzrnd, four miles northeast of Angleton, Brazoria county, Texas, on the St. L., B. & MI. Railroad. The site selected was at the time un- fenced, raw prairie; land, of the Victoria clay tyjpe, known locally as “hog wallow” land. The first two years were devoted very largely to general development i work, such as the erection of buildings and fences, the construction of drainage ditches, and plowing and preparing the land for experiment. work. The first crops were produced in 1912, and at the beginning of the season of 1913 the land was in excellent condition for plat work. During the seasons of 1913 and 1914 fifty acres were devoted to crops and soils work. A brief summary of the results secured are reported herein. CLIMATOLOGIOAL. The climatic conditions for this section are exemplified in the fol- lowing table, showing meteorological data for the season of 1914: TABLE l-—“CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, 1914. Precipitation i Number Temp. Degrees Fahr. in Inches. 6f Days. l . L‘ ' 5 é 8 . '5 . f 2 5 2i? .5 g g . '2 é’. . s t’ o. g _ g >2 1e: . E» a o- ._ Q, 5 *5; = T“ *5 g a k 1-. Q '3 g s3 e == a‘ E ‘a g a ‘i s’ as ~*= e L? 2:. 2 2*? 5 2 c 2 Q 2 w H w B u n. u n. Jana 8O 9-25 27 31 55. 41 .49 ‘ .37 2 13 16 2 North Feb .... .. 8O 6 25 7 54. 44 3.16 1.96 9 4 12 12 North l\’lar.... 78 25 28 8 56.5 35 2.93 1.24 6 12 6 13 South April... 87 16 36 9 67.85 38 13.46 7 .62 1O 8 6 16 South May... 93 6 56 9 75. 26 7.89 2.30 11 6 13 12 East June... 97 29 69 2-3- J l 98 7 68 £2526 81 . 26 O . 26 O. 18 2 2 27 O South u y” 58'" s3. 2s 1.73 0.73 s e 25 o South Aug..... 97 3 69 8 81. 24 8.49 2.01 12 O 28 3 South Sept... 92 11-15- 18-28 52 25 79 . 37 4 . 34 2 . 45 4 5 18 7 South Oct... 9O 1O 4O 28 71. 38 3.61 O.88 8 4 19 8 North Nov.... 8O 8-15 32 17-20 61. 39 8.02 2.36 7 3 18 9 East Dec...“ 77 1 25 14 52. 32 4.19 0.77 16 3 9 19 North N0te:——Thc last killing frost in the spring was March 8. First killing frost, December 26. It will be seen from the above table that the rainfall in this section is so distributed throughout the growing season that high crop pro- 6 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT SIATION. duction is favored. The maximum temperature is not so high, as in the northern part of the State, While the minimum temperature ranges very little below freezing during the winter months. The last killing frost in the spring during 1914 came 0n March 8. The first killing frost in the fall came on December 26, thus giving a very long growing period for crops. EXPERIMENT DATA. As previously stated, few results were obtained until the crop season of 1913. This report, therefore, deals very largely with results secured during the seasons of 1913 and 1914. Much of the work under Way is of such a nature that several seasons will be required before reliable statements can be made. Results secured during the two years, how- ever, represent information secured from very carefully conducted tests, and although not conclusive in every respect, they embrace much in- formation usefulto farmers of this section of the Gulf Coastal Plain. CORN VARIETY TEST. "llhirtly-six varieties of corn were grown in 1913 and fifty in 1914. The fifteen best yielders of each year are shown, together with the average for the two years, in the following table. Uniformly higher yields were obtained in 1913 than in 1914, on account of weather con- ditions, which favored high production. TABLE 2.——SUMMARY TABLE OF CORN TESTS SHOWING TEN HIGHEST YIELDERS FOR THE YEARS 19121-1914.. l . l Shelled Corn Per Acre in Bushels. _ l Average for Variety. Source of Seed. l 1913 1914 two years, l Yield.l Rank. Yield.l Rank. Yield. Rank, l l Hastings . . . . . . . . . Hastings Seed Co., Atlanta, ‘ Ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-....l32.25 1 . . . . ..l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Mosby’s . . . . . . . . . . . . Chris Reuter, New Orleans ,‘ 31.82 2 20.56. 8 26, 19 4 Chisholm . . . . . . . . .. A.TM. Ferguson, Sherman, l 30 26 3 22 Isl 5 2 exas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l . r 25 1 3 Strawberry . . . . . . . . . Singletons . .. . _. . . . . . . . . . 29.30 4 . . . . . . l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ Thomas . . . . . . . . . . .. Beeville Substation . . . . . .. l 28.89 5 25 72‘ 2 27 30 2 Surcropper. . . .. . . . . . A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, : Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l 28.09 6 16 71l 15 22 40 7 Strawberry . . . . . . . . . J. L. F. Fentress, San Saba, l i ~ Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l 27.94 7 27.72, 1 27,78 1 Cockes . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. W. Wood & Sons, Rich- l mond,Va.............l27.66 8 1821 13 2293 6 -White Dent. . .. . . . .. T. W. Wood & Son, Rich- , mond,Va......_........l27.55 9 2177 6 2466 5 Bloody Butcher. . . . . A. T. Miller, Thalia, Texas ~ 26.66 10 . . . . . .l . . . . . . . . _ , , _ , _ _ . _ , Mexican June . . . . . . . Lubbock Substation . . . . . . 25.99 11 18 66l 12 22 32 8 Collier’s Excelsior. Y. T. W. Wood & Son, Rich- = mond,Va.............. * 24.25 V12 12.24 l6 18.24 11 Munson . . . . . . . . . . .. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.80 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Dept. Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.47 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . Yellow Dent . . . . . . .. A.TM. Ferguson, Sherman, 23 1 4 exas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . Chappell . . . . . . . . . . . U. s. Dept. Agriculture, . . l . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.81 7 . . . . . . . . . . .. Blounts . . . . . . . . . . .. T. W. Wood & Son, Rich- l mond,Va..........._... 37 14 20 31 9 20 34 10 Snowflake . . . . . . . . .. T. W. Wood & Son, Rich- ' mond, Va . . . . . .. . . . . . .. l 22.05 15 20.01 10 21.03 9 Yellow Dent.-. . . ‘. . . . J. TA. Williams, Angleton, l l8 78 1 exas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . White Dent. . . . . . . .. U. S. Dept. Agriculture. . . l . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.79 14 . . . . . . . . . . .. 'CIVO‘cI DYIEIIIcI WOHH SDNICYIIHEI IAIHVcI HHL d0 AAHIA TVHEINHD PROGRESS REPORT OF TEXAs SLBSTATION N0. 3. 'I EIHHDIH 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. It will be seen that of the fifteen best yfielders each yfear, Strawberry, ‘Thomas, Chisholm, Bfosby and White Dent show the highest average yield for the two years in the order mentioned. Cocke’s, Surcropper, Mexican June, Snowflake, and Blount’s all made more than twenty bushels per acre. _ It is fair t0 state that some of the corn varieties which produced a good yield. in one of the two years were not grown both years, owing to the impossibility of getting seed under the conditions existing at that time. Among these were Hastings, Strawberry, Bloody Butcher, Laguna, Yellow Dent, Chappell, and others. - CORN SEEDING RATE TEST. A seeding rate test was conducted during the seasons of 1913 and 1914 to determine the rate of planting that was conducive to highest yields. A summary of the results of this work is shown in the fol- lowing table: TABLE 3.—CORN SEEDING RATE TEST, 1913-1914. Variety Used 1913, Mexican Tuxpan. Variety Used 1914, Mexican June. Description of Plats. l Yield Bushels Shelled Corn per Acre. Width Distance Number Hills ows. Hills in Plants per Per Acre. 1913 1914 Average. Feet. Row. Hill. I 3 6 feet l 1 l 2420 11.52 8.13 9.83 3 3 feet 1 4840 18.38 11.65 15.02 3 2 feet 1 7260 22. 5O 14.21 18.36 3 1 9680 2O 71 12.71 16.71 I 18 inches The results from the work of these two yfezirs indicate thatthe heaviest yield of corn is obtained with the stalks two feet apart in the row when the rows are three feet apart. Farmers in this vicinity usually plant their corn in rows at lea.st three and one-half feet apart, and it is likely that having the rows wider than three feet would permit the profitable planting of the hills closer together than twoyfeet in the row. DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS AND ITS EFFECT OX YIELD OF CORN. _ A test was conducted during the seasons of 1913 and 1914 to deter- mine whether or not distribution of hills of corn had any effect on the yields given when the different distributions all carry the same number of stalks to the acre. June corn was used in this test and the hills distributed as follows on different plats: 1. Bows three feet wide, stalks three feet apart in the row. 2. Rows six feet wide, stalks one and one-half feet apart in the row. 3. Two three-foot rows, alternated with two rows, fallow; stalks eighteen inches apart in the row. PROGRESS REPORT or TPEXAs SUBSTATION No. 3. 9 A summary of the results of this test is submitted in the following table: - TABLE 4.—DISTR1BUTION OF HILLS AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELDS OF CORN. Variety Used in 1913, Mexican Tuxpan. Variety Used in 1914, Mexican June. Yield Bushels Shelled Corn Per Acre. Arrangement 0f Hills. 1913 1914 Average. Rows 3 ft. apart——Hills 3 ft. in row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.74 11.97 14.86 Rows 6 ft. apart—Hills 18 inches in row... . . . . . . . . 16.43 11.09 13.76 Two 3 ft. rows alternated with two fallow rows. Hills 18 inches in row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.04 10.86 14.45 The results show practically no variation in the yields with rows of different Width and stalks arranged differently in the rows so long as the stand remains the same in the different plats. FIGURE 2-——SUDAN GRASS READY TO CUT FOR HAY. 1914. THE COWPEA AS AN INTERTILLED LEGUB/IE CROP IN CORN AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD OF CORN. In this test one series of plats were left Xvith corn alone, and in another series cowpeas were planted between the rows of corn when it Wes beginning to ‘tassel. The corn on all plats was all planted on the same date and on land which had received the same kind 6f preparation. The cowpeas were sown in a similar manner when the proper time arrived. ’J_‘he same cultivation was given all plats. The cowpeas in this test failed to grow in 1914, but in 1913 a good stand was secured. The table below shows results secured during the season of 1913. 10 TEXAS AG-RIOULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. TABLE 5.——EFFECT OF AN INTERTILLED LEGUME ON THE YIELD OF CORN. Yield Bushels Shelled Corn Per Acre. ~ ' _ Cowpeas Planted No Cowpeas Method of Distribution of Hills. When Corn was Planted in the Beginning Tassel. Corn. 1913 1914 Rows 3 feet apart—Hills 3 feet in row . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.36 17.74 Rows 6 feet apart—-Hills 18 inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. 71 16.43 Two 3_-foot r_ows alternated with two fallow rows. Hills 18 Inches in row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.90 18.04 Average. .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.32 17.10 The results show, in all cases, an increased yield of corn where cow- peas Were planted. The season was such that all plats had abundant moisture supply. It, must be remembered that this is an increase secured in the same year the cowpeas were grown, and it should not be confused with so-called residual or succeeding years’ benefits from the cowpeas. TIME OF SEEDING LEGUMES IN CORN AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD. In this test all the rows of corn were planted six feet apart and the hills were eighteen inches apart in the row, giving a. uniform seeding rate of 4840 hills to the acre. This work was carried both in 1913 and 1914, but in 1914 all the cowpeas failed to germinate except the first planting, due to soil and weather conditions at the time of planting. Hence, only the results secured in 1913 are given in this table. TABLE 6.—EFFECT OF TIME OF SEEDING A LEGUME BETWEEN THE ROWS OF CORN. ON THE YIELD OF CORN—-19l3. Time of Planting Cowpeas. Yield Bushels Shelled Corn Per Acre. Corn 1 foot high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . 19.00 Corn 3 feet high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.42 Corn 5 feet high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.21 Corn in full tassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.07 The results obtained indicate that the yield of corn is increased as the time of planting the cowpeas is deferred, up to the time the corn is tasseling. Early planting of cowpeas in corn during the early stages of growing seems to cause a reduction of yield. CORN ROTATION-—ITS EFFECT ON YIELD. Corn in a four-year rotation was compared to corn planted contin- uously on the same land. The rotation consisted of cotton, followed by cowpeas for seed, followed by corn, followed by oats, with a green manure crop of cowpeas plowed under. Strawberry corn was used in the test in 1913, and June corn in 1914., The plats included were comparable in every respect, had identically the same stand, and, other Pnoennss REPORT or TEXAS SUBSTATION N0. 3. 11 than the rotation, ‘received the same treatment. The results were as follows: - TABLE 7.—-ROTATION VS. CONTINUOUS CROPPING OF CORN. Year. In Continuous 1 Yield in Bushels Shelled Corn Per Acre. ‘y Gain in Favor In Rotation. ‘ Cropping. of Rotation. 1913 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27.94 25.67 2.27 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.66 8.72 9.94 The difference in yield on rotated and non-rotated plats is very marked. This great difference seems chargeable t0 some of the in- direct benefits of rotation, rather than the addition of plant food to the la11d. The organic matter" put the land in excellent physical eon- ‘dition and no doubt increased itswater-holding capacity, and caused better aeration. OATS SEEDING-RATE TEST. A seeding-rate test with oats was conducted, in which the crop was planted at four, six, eight, ten and twelve pecks to the acre. The Texas Red Rust Proof variety was used, and planting was made March 15, 1913. Growing conditions-were such that the erop was harvested for hay. The best hay yields were secured from the seeding at ten“ peeks to the acre. A second seeding-rate test was begun in the fall of 1913, which included five seeding rates, all planted November 10, 1913. The rates were two, four, six, eight and ten peeks to the acre. No seed was produced. Hay yields, however, are shown in the table below. The results here favor seeding at the rate of eight peeks t_o the acre: TABLE 8.—OATS SEEDING-RATE TEST, 1914. Seeding Rate, Pecks Per Acre. Number Yield Cured Hay of Plats. Per Acre, Pounds. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 see 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 921 e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1059 s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1235 1o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 930 As compared to the best hay yield from ten-peek seeding-rate in 1913, it seems rather conclusive, therefore, that oats planted at eight or ten peeks to the acre in this section will afford better grazing and better hayryields than oats planted thinner or thicker. OATS VARTETY TEST. Seven varieties of oats were included in a variety test planted on November 15, 1913. On account of the rust, and consequent lodging, all varieties were harvested just before they reachetl the soft dough stage, 12 TEXAS AGRICITLTLTRAL EXPERIMENT STATION. and cured hay weights were taken. The varieties included and their cured hay yields are shown in the following table: TABLE 9.—-OATS VARIETY TEST,il914. Yield of Cured Hay Name 0f Variety. to the Acre. Pounds. Rust Proof from Virginia . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 Appler, from Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 Bancroft, from Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . 770 Texas Red Rust Proof, from North Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 IOO-Bushel Oats, from Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 Fraziefs Red Rust Proof, from near Dallas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 678 Virginia Gray Winter, from Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Failure, due to rust The foregoing results show the best. hay yields from Rust Proof oats from Virginia. The Appler, the Bancroft, and the Texas Red Rust Proof oats were also good hay yielders. The quality of the hay from the 100—Bushel Oats seemed higher than that from the other varieties. The two Texas Red Rust Proof oats included also showed excellent quality’. The Gray Winter oats from Virginia failed entirely, on account of rust. OA'TS——ROTATION VERSUS CONTINUOUS CROPPING. The yield of oats grown in the four-year rotation was compared to the yield of oats grown continuously on the sainc land. The crop in 1913 ivas a failure, due to late planting‘ and subsequent unfavorable conditions. The results secured in 1914 are shown in the following table: TABLE 10.——O.ATS-ROTATION VS. CONTINUOUS CROPPING. r Rotation l Continuous Cropping. Year. Height of Pounds Cured l Height of Pounds Cured Growth. Hay Per Acre. l Growth. Hay Per Acre. i 1913 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1O inches failure 1O inches failure I914 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3O inches 1235 2O inches 528 The results secured in 1914 were plainly in favor of crop rotation "and while these results can hardly be taken as conclusive they may be taken as indicative of the benefit to be derived from the use of a good cropping system. COWPEA VARIETY TEST. Seven varieties of cowpeas were tested in 1913 and fourteen varieties in 1914. Tests were made both for the hay and grain yields. The two tables following show the results secured: PROGRESS REPollT or Tlaxils SUBSTATION No. 3. 13 TABLE ll.—VARIETY TEST OF COWPEAS, YIELDS OF GRAIN—-19l3-1914. Yield Bushels Shelled Peas Per Acre. Name. 1913 l 1914 Average. Yield. l Rank. l Yield. Rank. Yield. l Rank. l | l Brabham . . . . . . . . .; . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 29.38 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Blue Goose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 24.94 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 16.87 2 l 20.91 3 18.89 Red Ripper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.33 6 l 17.62 4 12.48 4 _y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l 17.57 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chlnese Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 15.96 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whippoorwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.06 1 l 15.93 7 17.00 2 roit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14.12 3 i 15.64 8 14.88 3 Large Blackeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 12.27 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 45 5 l 12.12 10 11.29 5 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l 10.24 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. The Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.10 4 l 8.77 12 10.44 6 Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 3.98 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.03 7 ‘ 1.51 14 2.77 7 FIGURE 3——VARIETY TEST OF COWPEAS, LOOKING ACROSS THE ROWS. TABLE l2.——-VARIETY TEST OF COWPEAS FOR CURED HAY—l9l3-l9l4. Pounds Cured Hay Per Acre. 1913 1914 Average. Name. l Yield. Rank. Yield. Rank. Yield. Rank. Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,592 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,320 6 2 ,323 2 1 ,822 4 Blue Goose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,261 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brabham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,205l 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3,102 1 , 5 2,571 2 Whlppoorwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,035 3 1,958 6 1,997 3 Groit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,664 2 1,876 7 2,270 1 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,780 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,650 4 1,771 9 1,711 5 Blackeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,353 5 1 ,595 10 1 ,474 6 Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,262 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red Rip er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,320 7 1 ,099 12 1,210 7 Chlnese ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large Blackeye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. In the seed production test the Whippoorwill and New Era. both made excellent "yields in 1913. The Brabham, Blue Goose and New Era made extraordinary yields in 1914. The average yields of vari- eties tested in both years show New Era, Whippoorwill, Groit, and » Red Ripper to be the best seed producers, in the order named. In the hay production test the Iron, Groit, and Whippoorwill all made good yields in 1913. The Clay, the Unknown, Blue Goose, Brabham and Iron all made good yields in 1914. The average yields of varieties tested in both years showed the Groit, Iron, Whippoorxvil], and Unknown to be the best hay yiielders under conditions existing during these two years. COWPEA SEEDING —RATE TEST. A seeding-rate test was conducted in 1913, in which Whippoorwill cowpeas were planted on April 29 at the rate of six, twelve and eighteen pounds to the acre, in rows three feet apart. All plants were grown on uniformly prepared land and received the same treatment. All were harvested for hay August 16,—109 days after planting. Harvesting was done when the first pods began to turn yellow. The cured hay yields are shown in the following table. A similar seeding-rate test was conducted in 1914, but on account of the excessive wet weather at seeding time no results were secured. TABLE 13.-—SEEDING—RATE TEST, OF COWPEAS——1913. Seeding Rate.——Pounds Per Acre. Pounds Cured Hay Per Acre. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,640 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 3.300 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,685 .It will be seen that the highest cured hay yield was secured from the thickest seeding, namely, eighteen pounds per acre. The yield of hay increased considerably with the increase in the amount of seed planted. - ' OOWPEAS ROTATED VERSUS COWPEAS NOT ROTATED. The yield of cowpeas on rotated land was compared with the yield on land continuously cropped to cowpeas. The rotation used was a four-year cropping system, as follows: t First year, corn. l Second year, oats, followed lov cowpeas plowed under for green manure. Third year, cotton. Fourth year, cowpeas for seed. Tho results sectired are shown in the following table: Puoenuss REPORT or TEXAS SUBSTATION No. 3. 15 TABLE I4.——COWPEAS ROTATION vs. CONTINUOUSLY CROPPED—— a 4 1913-191 . Yield of Shelled Peas, Yield Cured Hay, Bushels Per Acre. Pounds Per Acre. Year. _ Continuous _ Continuous Rotation. Cropping. Rotation. Cropping. 1913 . . . . . . . . . . . 18.18 17.50 2,035 1,913 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.93 16.20 1,958 2,100 The results show very little difference either in favor of rotation or continuous cropping. The continuous cropped plats appear to have better inoculation than the rotated plats. SOYBEANS. Soybeans have failed to produce successful crops on this Station both in 1913 and 1914, due to the fact that the rabbits destroyed the young plants during the early part of the season. The production of soybeans in thissection may follow the extermination of rabbits. KULTHI AND IWOTH BEANS. iThé Kulthi bean and the moth bean, Phaseolus raidiaitus and Phase- olus azconittfolus, respectively, have both been grown on this Station, but have produced no seed. The hay production has been fair and they are crops of considerable promise. VELVET BEANS. The velvet bean has made an enormous growth’ when given protection from rabbits, but all field plats planted during two seasons have been destroyed by rabbits. SORGITUBI SEEDING-RATE TEST FOR FORAGE. A sorghum seeding-rate test was conducted during the seasons of 1913 and 1914. The Sumac variety was used in 191.3 and .Early Amber in 1914. Two crops were secured in 1913, but owing tolate planting in 1914 only one crop was secured in that year. The seeding-f‘ rate used each year included plantings both in cultivated rows and in close drills. The seeding-rates used, the yields for each year and the average for both years are shown in the following table: TABLE I5.—SEEDING RATE TEST OF SORGHUM FOR FORAGE—l9l3-l9l4. Yield Pounds. Forage per acre. 1913* 1914** AverageT Yield. l Rank. Yield. Rank. Yield. l R3111; Seeding Rate. Plants 1 inch in 3 foot rows... . . . . . 16,632 3 15,420 4 16,026 4 Plants 3 inches in 3 foot rows . . . . . . 12,609 6 10,760 5 ,685 5 Plants 6 inches in 3 foot rows. . . . 14,025 5 10,320 6 12,173 6 Plants 9 inches in 3 foot rows . . . . . . 11 ,990 7 10,120 7 11 ,055 7 Close Drills 2 pks. per acre . . . . . . . . 16,940 1 16,540 3 ,74 2 Close Drills 4 pks. per acre . . . . . . . . 16,018 4 16,840 1 16,428 3 Close Drills 8 pks. pe’r acre . . . . . . . . 16,764 2 16,720 2 16,742 1 *Cured forage yields. **Green forage yields. t TThis average is taken from cured and uncured forage merely to show the ranks for the wo years. 16 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. This average is taken from cured and uncured forage merely to show the ranks for the two years. The thickest planting in cultivated rows gave the highest forage yield both in 1913 and 1914 and in the average for both years. In the close drill seedings the difference in yield for the different seeding rates was very small. JAPANESE SUGAR 01mm. Japanese sugar cane was planted in rows six feet apart 0n April 11, 1914. The crop was harvested at three different dates and the green forage weight in pounds secured. The results are shown in the fol- lowring table: TABLE 16. _ Yield Green Date Harvested. Helght of Forage per Acre. Growth. Pounds. September 10, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 feet 23,200 December 4, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 feet 51,030 December 16, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 feet 39,820 It will be seen from the above figures that the total.green yield of Japanese cane was very large. The first cutting, on September 10, was made when the crop was immature, as Japanese cane requires time for sweetening of the stem after it reaches i.ts maximum height. The stem of Japanese cane is somewhat tougher than the stem ofsorghum, but otherwise the forage is of good quality. The last cutting, made on December 16, was damaged somewhat bv the freeze of December 15, when the mercury dropped to 25 degrees Fahrenheit. A previous tem- perature of 28 degrees, on December 4, did not result in injury to the cane. This test indicated that the Japanese sugar cane is a very val- uable crop for this section of the Gulf coast of Texas. SUDAX GRASS. Sudan grass for forage purposes has been planted in’ rows three feet apart. in rows eighteen inches apart, and in close drills at the rate of six and twelve pounds of seed per acre, respectively, both in 1913 and 1914. The crops were cut twice in 1913 andonce in 1914. The table below shows the results secured: L TABLE l7.—SUDAN GRASS, METHOD OF SEEDING TEST—19l3-l9l4. Pounds Cured Hay Per Acre Seeding I for the Season. Method of Seeding. Rate. Lbs. per acre. 1913 1914 Cut Twice. Cut Once. Average. 3-foot rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6,281 2,250 4,266 18-inch rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9,867 2,560 l 6,124 Close dFlllS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7,964 2,640 l 5,302 Pnoenrrss REPORT or TEXAS SUBSTATION N o. 3. 17 The seeding in eighteen-inch rows gave higher yields, both in 1913 and 1911, and, consequently, a higher average yield for the two years than the seeding -in three-foot rows. It seems that for hay the sor- ghum would be preferable in this section t0 Sudan grass. As the latter crop suffers considerably from leaf blight, Japanese sugar cane gave a higher yield than either sorghum or Sudan grass. It seems probable, however, that Sudan grass may be of some considerable value as a summer grazing crop. It has been found that this crop is not productiye of seed here on account of a small insect, known as the sorghum midge, which multiplies in great numbers under moist con- ditions common in this section. DASHEENS. Tubers of the dasheen (Colocasia Sp.) were obtained from the Bureau of Plant Industry’, United States Department of Agriculture, in the spring of 1914. These were planted, and enough corms or tubers have been produced for more extensive work with them in the future. This plant is very promising as one to take the place of Irish potatoes for table use in this section of the State. Irish potatoes are usually a failure here on the prairie land. TREES AND FRUITS. Four acres have been planted to trees, vine fruits and ornamental trees and shrubs during the year of 1914:. Investigational work will be done with tree and vine fruits in the future, _but no results are at hand yet. SUMMARY. 1. Substation No. 3 was established in 1909, near Angleton, Bra- zoria county, on Victoria clay soil, known locally as “hog wallow” land. 2. The first two years were devoted to general development work such as draining the land, erection of buildings, and the preparation of the land for experiment work. 3. The section represented by this station is supplied with abundant rainfall and a long growing season. The maximum temperature ranges lower than the temperature in the northern part of the State, while the minimum temperature ranges very little below freezing during the winter months. 4. This report deals very largely with results secured during the seasons of 1913 and 1914, and while the work done is of too short a period of duration to render conclusive information, much material is given which will be useful to the farmer of the central Gulf coast section. l, 5. Of a large number of corn varieties tested. Strawberry, Thomas, Chisholm, Mosby’s, and White Dent showed the highest, average yields, in the order mentioned, for the two years. Cocke’s, Surcropper, Mex- ican June, Snowflake and Blount7s all produced more than twenty bushels per acre. Among the corn varieties tested only one year, Hast- 18 “TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. FIGURE 4——GROUP OF VISITORS AT THE SUBSTATION. Pnoenicss REPonT OF TEXAS SUBSTATION No. 3. 19 ings, Strawberry, Bloody Butcher, Laguna, Yellow Dent, Ohappell, and others gave good yields. - 6. The seeding-rate testsof corn showed the heaviest yields from rows three feet wide and stalks two feet apart in the row, which is slightly thicker than corn is ordinarily planted in this section. 7. The results from a test including wide and narrow rows and with plants otherwise distributed differently on the land, showed little diiference in the yield of shelled corn per acre in the diiferent dis- tributions so long as all carried the same number of stalks to the acre. 8. A series of corn plats in which cowpeas were planted were com- pared with a second series of corn plats in which no cowpeas were planted. The results showed a slight increase in the yield of corn where the cowpeas were planted in the corn, which indicates that under similar moisture conditions no ill effects will be‘ had from planting- cowpeas in corn. - 9. A test in which cowpeas were planted in corn at diiferent stages of maturity of the corn and compared with other plats in which no cowpeas were planted showed that the yield of corn increased as the time of planting the cowpeas was deferred up to the time of tasseling. 1.0. Corn grown in a four-year rotation as compared with corn grown continuously, showed an increase in yield in favor of the rotated land. 11. An oats seeding-rate test showed the largest hay yields from seed- ings at the rate of eight to ten peeks to the acre. No grain was produced. _ ‘ .12. An oats variety test showed the best hay yields from Rust Proof oats from Virginia, followed by Appler, Bancroft, and Texas Red Rust Proof. The Texas Red Rust Proof oats included showed the best quality of hay, while a gray winter oat failed entirely on account of rust. 13. Oats grown on rotated land and compared to oats grown con- tinuously on land showed’ an increase in yield in favor of rotated land. 14. A (éowpea variety test showed the best average yields of cowpeas for the two years from New Era, Whippoorwill, Groit, and Red Ripper. The best average hay yields were secured from Groit, Iron, Whippoor- will, and Wonderful varieties. ~ .15. A cowp-ea seeding-rate test showed the highest yields of cured hay from the thickest seeding, namely, eighteen pounds to the acre. 16. Cowpeas grown on rotated land as compared to cowpeas grown on non-rotated land showed little difference either in favor of rotation or continuous cropping. ‘ 17. Soybeans failed to produce a crop, both in 1913 and 1914, due to destruction during the early growing period by rabbits. 18. Kulthi and moth beans both produced fairly good hay yields, but no seed. 19. The velvet bean under protection produced enormous growth, but field plats were destroyed by rabbits. _ 20. A sorghum seeding-rate test showed the "highest average yields 20 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. of forage from the thickest planting when grown in cultivated rows. Little difference in yield was had from the different seeding rates when grown in close drills. 21. Japanese sugar cane produced a green yield of 51,030 pounds ‘ per acre. The last cutting withstood a temperature of 28 degrees _Fahrenheit Without injury, but was later severely injured by a tem- perattire of 25 degrees Fahrenheit. - 22, Sudan grass produced highest hay yields when grown in 18- inch rows. It produced no seed. Sudan grass seems ].ess preferable as a hay crop than sorghum in this section on account of leaf blight and other diseases. It may probably have considerable value as a summer grazing crop. a 23'. The dasheen has produced well in this section and promises to be a crop to supplement the Irish potato for table use. 24. Four acres of trees, vine fruits, and ornamental trees and shrubs have been planted as a basis for investigation work along these lines.