A529-720-2OM-L175

  TEXASAGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS
w. B. BIZZELL, President

BULLETIN no. 26s AUGUST‘, 1920

DIVISION OF PLANT BREEDING

THE STAPLE OF TEXAS COTTON

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B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIRECTOR.
COLLEGE "STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY. TEXAS

STATION STAFFT

ADMINISTRATION

B. YOUNGBLOOD, M. S., Director

A. B. CONNER, B. S., Vice Director

J. M. JoNEs, A. M. Assistant Director
CHAS. A. FELKER, Chief Clerk

A. S. WARE, Secretary _ _

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Executive Assistant
CHARLES SosoLiK. Technical Assistant

VETERINARY SCIENCE _
*M. Fmmcis, D. V. M., Chief _
H. Scmum‘, D. V. S , Veterinarian _
D. H. BENNETT, V. M D., Veterinarian

CHEMISTRY

G. S. FRAPs, Ph. D., Chief; State Chemist
S. E. ASBURY, M. S., Assistant Chemist

S. LOMANITL, B. S., Assistant Chemist _
F. B. SCHXLLING, B. S., Assistant Chemist
J. B. SMITH, B. S., Assistant Chemist
WALDO WALKER, Assistant Chemist

HORTICULTURE
H. NEss, M. S., Chief
W. S. IIoTcnKiss, Horticulturist

ANIMAL INDUSTRY
J. M. JoNEs, A.’ M., Chief; Sheep and Goat
Investigations

R. M. SHERWOOD, B. S., Ppultryman

J. B. McNuLTY, B. S., Dairyman

O. E. McCoNNELL, B. S., Animal Husband-
‘ man in Charge of Si- ine Investigations

R. G. BREWER, B. S., Assistant Animal Hus-

ENTOMOLOGY
M. C. TANc-UARY, Ph. D., Chief: State Ento-
mologist

H. J. REINHARD, B. S., Entomologist

H. B. PARKS, B. S., Apicullurist

C. S. RUDE, B. S., Assistant Entomologist

AGRONOMY
A. B. CONNER, B. S., Chief
A. H. LEIDIGH, B. S., Agronomist

. E. W. GEYER, B. S., Agronomist

———————————————. A gronomist

PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
J. J. TAUBENHAUS, Ph. D., 'ef

FEED CONTROL SERVIC
F. D. FULLER, M. S., Chief
S. D. PE .120 2,, Executive Secretary

FORESTRY '
E. O. SIECKE, B. S., Chief; State Forester

PLANT BREEDING
E. P. HuMEEn'r_ Ph. D , Chief

FARM AND RANCH ECONOMICS
A. B. Cox, Ph. D., Chief

SOIL SURVEY
**W. T. CARTER, Jn., B. S., Chief
T. M. BUSHNELL, B. S., Soil Surveyor

bandman H. W. HAWKER, Soil Surveyor
SUBSTATIONS
No. 1. Beeville, Bee County No. 8. Lubbock, Lubbock County
I. E. COWART, M. S., Superintendent R. KARPER, B. S., Superintendent

No. 2. Troup, Smith County
W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent
. Angleton, Brazoria County

E. B. REYNOLDS, M. S , Superintendent

Beaumont, Jefierson County
A. H. PRINCE, B. S., Superintendent

Temple, Bell County
T. KiLLoucm, B. S., Superin endent

No. 6. Denton, Denton County
C. H. McDowELL, B. S., Superintendent

No. 7. Spur, Dickens County
R. E. DICKSON, B. S., Superintendent

 

TA: of August l, 1920.

D. L. JoNEs, Scientific Assistant

No. 9. Pecos,-Reeves County
V. L. CORY, B. S., Superintendent

No. 10. (Feeding and Breeding Substation).
College Station, Brazos County
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Superintendent
L. J. FISHER, Scienti/ic Assistant

No. ll. Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County
G. T. McNEss, Superintendent

**No. 12. Chillicothe, Hardeman County
A. B. CRON, B. S., Superintendent
V. E. HAFNER, B. S., Scienti ‘ic Assistant

No. 14. Sonora, Sutton-Edwards Counties
E. M. PETERs, B. S., Superintendent

*ln cooperation with the School of Veterinary Medicine, A. _& M. College of Texas.
**In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture.

BULLETIN No. 266 AUGUST, 1920»

THE STAPLE OF TEXAS COTTON

n. P. HUMBERT.*

This bulletin gives the staple and drag, or body, of several varieties
of cotton grown by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station during
the season of 1919. Apparent discrepancies may occur since results of
but one year are: tabulated. Each variety was grown at ten different
places in the State, however, and an excellent opportunity was offered
for making comparisons.

A later bulletin will give other facts of importance concerning these
varieties. The yield per acre, percentage of lint, size of boll, earliness,
etc., are factors which affect the value of a particular variety of cotton.
The shorter varieties often yield best. Farmers are interested in the
net returns from each acre, rather than in the price per pound or in
any other one factor which affects the net return. ‘

This bulletin is not meant to overemphasize the importance of staple
length. It simply makes available certain data Which have a bearing
on the value of these varieties of cotton.

The varieties were planted in the regular variety test plats of the
Station. The most important varieties are listed.

SOURCE OF SEED.

When seed is received by the Experiment Station for planting, it
is given an acquisition number. These numbers are assigned consecu-
tively and are called “Texas Station Numbers,” or as abbreviated,
“T. S. Nos.” Seed for the 1919 cotton variety test was secured from
the following sources:

T. S. No. Variety. Source.
793 . . . . . . . . . . Belton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. D. T. Killough, Temple, Texas.

3150 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. R. S. Miesch, Clarksville, Texas.

3632 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. D. Mebane, Lockhart, Texas.

3633 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane. . ._ . . . . . . .  . . . . Mr. A. D. Mebane, Lockhart, Texas.

3634 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane Triumph. . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas.

3635 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. R. F. Palmer, Troup, Texas.

3636 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane 406 . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas.

3637 . . . . . . . . . . Kasch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Ed. Kasch, San Marcos, Texas.

3638 . . . . . . . . . . Boykin (New) . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Fer uson, Sherman, Texas.

3639 . . . . . . . . . . eb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittman and arrison, Sherman, Texas.

3640 . . . . . . . . . . Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. R. L. Bennett, Paris, Texas.

3642 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. J. A. Moore, Grand Prairie, Texas.

3643 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. J. A. Moore, Grand Prairie, Texas.

3644 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas.

3645 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas Seed and Fl_oral Co., Dallas, Texas.

3646 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittman and Harrison, Sherman, Texas.

3647 . . . . . . . . . . Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas Seed and Floral Co., Dallas, Texas.

3648 . . . . . . . . . . Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. D. A. Saunders, Greenville, Texas.

3649 . . . . . . . . . . Holdon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. H. Stubblefield, Belton, Texas.

‘Credit is due Messrs. E. W. Geyer, W. H. Hotchkiss, E. B. Reynolds, D. T.
Killough, C. H. McDowell, R. E. Dickson, R. E. Karper, J. W. Jackson, G. T.
McNess, and A. B. Cron, as superintendents of the stations where the cotton
was grown; also, to Mr. J. B. Beers and Mr. Leon Hairston, of the U. S. Bureau
of Markets and of the Texas A. andrM. Extension Service (cotiperating), who
graded and stapled the samples.

4 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

T. S. No. Variety. Source.
3650 . . . . . . . . .- . Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rowden Brothers, Wills Point, Texas.

3651 . . . . . . . . . . Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Mr. R. M. Womack, Wills Point, Texas.

3653 . . . . . . . . . . Bolton . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . Mr. H. Stubblefield, Belton, Texas.

3655 . . . . . . . . . . Fer uson R N . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas.

3656 . . . . . . . . . . Aca a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. F. D. Watson, Italy, Texas.

365.7 . . . . . . . . . . Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. F. D. Watson, Italy, Texas

3658 . . . . . . . . . . Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. A. B. Fowler, Clarksville, Texas.

3659 . . . . . . . . . . Acala 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. C. N. Nunn, Porter, Oklahoma.

3660 . . . . . . . -. . . Truitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. T. B. Truitt, Ennis, Texas.

3661 . . . . . . . . . . Chisholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittman and Harrison. Sherman, Texas.

3662 . . . . . . . . . . Harvell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Hardin Harvell, Belton, Texas.

3666 . . . . . . . . . . Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. S. M. Tracy, Carlesbad, New Mexico.

3667 . . . . . . . . . . Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. L. Willett Seed Co., Augusta, Georgia.

3668 . . . . . . . . . . Foster_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Morgan Latimer, Clarksville, Texas.

3669 . . . . . . . . . . Kekchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. W. M Parks, Clarksville, Texas.

3670 . . . . . . . . . . Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. John C. McLernon, Clarksville, Texas.

3673 . . . . . . . . . . Cleveland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chris Renter Seed Co., New Orleans. Louisiana-

3674 . . . . . . . . . . Union Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . H. G. Hastings Seed Co., Atlanta, Georgia.

3675 . . . . . . . . . . Half and llalf . . . . . . . . . . . N. L. Willett Seed Co., Augusta, Georgia.

3676 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane Triumph. . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson, Sherman, Texas.

3677 . . . . . . . . . . Mebane Triumph. . . . . . . . Mr. A. M. Ferguson,’ Sherman, 'I‘ex.is.

LOCATION OF TESTS.

The varieties listed above were grown on the variety test-plats of
the lVIain Station and each of several substations of the State. 1n most
cases the values given are an average of two plats planted 1n duplicate
on each Station. The tests were located as follows:

Main Station—College Station, Brazos County.
Substation No. 2—-Troup, Smith County.

Substation N0. 3—-Angleton, Brazoria County.
Substation No. 5—Temple, Bell County.

Substation No. 6——Denton, Denton County.
Substation No- ‘Th-Spur, Dickens County.

Substation No. 8—Lubbock, Lubbock County.
Substation No. 9—-Pecos, Reeves County.

Substation No. 11—Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County.
Substation No. 12—Chillicothe, Hardeman County.

All of the seed was received at the Main Station, College Station,
and each variety as it came from the dealer or grower given a T. S.
Number. The seed of each variety was then mixed and divided into
the requireti number of. lots and sent to the proper substation super-
intendent. Thus handled, the possible handicap of one Station’s re-
ceiving a better grade of seed than the others was removed.

GINNING Ann OLASSING.

The cotton of each substation was ginned at that substation on a
ten-inch, ten-saw gin, run at moderate speed. A sample of each variety
was taken by the superintendent and sent to the Main Station for class-
ing. The classing (grading and stapling) was done by an experienced
man, each sample being treated on its merits without ‘regard to its
variety or locality.

The figures and the symbols used in the table which follows are
meant to be as simple as possible so as to be easily understood. The
lengths are given to differences of one-sixteenth of an inch; as, for

instance, seven-eighths, fifteen-sixteenths, one inch,’ one and one-six-

 

THE STAPLE or TEXAS CorToN. 5

teenth, one and one-eighth, etc. A small letter f placed after the
figure denoting length means “full.” It signifies that the length was
better than the figure indicates but not long enough for the next six-
teenth. “Wasty” means that the sample was made up of fibers of
unequal length. Such a sample is less desirable than one not so iesig-
nated for the reason that there is more waste in preparing the cotton
for spinning.

"Ihe capital letters refer to drag, or body, of the cotton in the sample,
S, G, F, and P, meaning, respectively, strong, good, fair, and poor.
The capital V standing for “very” emphasises, where used, the quality.
Weak fibers are often spoken of as “soft.” Drag, or body, has to do
with the strength, smoothness, size, and twist of the individual fibers,-—
factors which affect the spinning value ofthe cotton.

The last column of the table gives the average length of each variety
for all the tests of that variety. Differences of one-tenth of 0ne-six-
teenth are recorded.

LENGTH OF STAPLE, 1919 VARIETY TESTS

Average
1n 16ths

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3633 Mebane............
3634 Mebane Triumph...
3635 Mebane............
3636 Triumph No. 406... .
3637 Kasch..............
3638 Boykin (New). . .
3639 Webb..._..........
3676 Mebane Triumph... .
3677 Mebane Triumph... .
3661 Chisholm... . . . . .. . .
3150 LoneStar..........
3640 Bennett............
3642 LoneStar..........
3643 L0neStar..........
3644 LoneStar..........
3645 LoneStar..........
3646 LoneStar..........
3648 LoneStar..........
3649 Holdon............
3647 Jacks0n............
3655 Ferguson R. N. . . . . .
3650 R0wden............
3651 R0wden...........
793 Belton.........-...

3653 Be1t0n.............
3656 Acala.............
3657 Acala..............
3658 Acala..............
3659 AcalaN0.5.........
3660 Truitt..............
3662 Harve1l............
3666 Durango...........
3667 Express............
3668 Fasten... 
3669 Kekchi.............
3670 Snowflake

3673 Cleveland. . . . . . . . . .
3674 Union Big Boll. . . . . .
3675 Half and Half. . . . . . .

*Wasty.

THE STAPLE or TEXAS COTTON. 7

The varieties in the table given above may be conveniently placed in
several more or less distinct groups for study. In the table which
follows eleven varieties of the Mebane type, nine of the Lone Star type,
two of the Apple Boll type (Jackson and Ferguson’s Round Nose),
four of the Rowden type, four of the Acala type, one of the Truitt
tvpe, and three of the very short staple type (Cleveland, Union Big Boll
and Half and Half) are averaged together. They are designated in
the table as A (Mebane), B (Lone Star), C (Apple Boll), D (Rowden),
E (Acala), F (Truitt), and G (Short Staple). Such a grouping has
its disadvantages in that some strains of a given variety may be better
than others. A careful study of the detail table is recommended as
best, but the summary table may be helpful for comparative purposes.

Substations
N0. 2 l No. 3 | No. 5 f No. 6 No. 7 | No. 8 I No. 9 |No. lllNo. 12

Main
Station

 

A . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15.5 15.5 15.3 14.3 15.4 12.4 13.6 15.4 15.1 16.7

B . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.1 16.1 17.4 16.8 16.5 13.5 14.0 16.6 17.1 17.0

C . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14.5 14.0 15.0 13.0 16.5 13.0 15.0 16.0 15.5 16.0

D . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.2 16.0 16.7 17.5 17.0 14.0 15.0 15.7 17.2 17.0

E . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.7 17.7 18.0 18.0 17.2 15.7 15.0 17.0 17.5 17.5

F . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..\ 17.0 16.0 14.0 19.0 16.0 14.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 17.0

G . . . . . . . . . . . . ..l 13.3 12.7 12.7 13.3 14.7 12.7 12.7 14.3 13.3 15.7

It hardly seems necessary to summarize the results in the text of this
bulletin, since the tables themselves are self-explanatory and a. summary
of the Whole test. The data will be further used in discussing the
value of the several varieties in a forthcoming bulletin giving yields,
percentages, etc. '