TrmlrIZII-QQIV SVXHIL ‘LILNLIOO SOZVHH ‘NOIILVLS 3011105 "IQFLQMICI ‘CIOOTEIBNHOL '8 910000214121 lvanm a0 amvA DNICIEIEIH cmv NOLLISOdWQO am XHlSIWEII-II) :IO NOISIAICI [Z61 ‘HEISWEIAON Z83 'ON NIlElTIflH avamwwa "PIEIZZIH 'a ‘M SVXELL JO EIDEYITOO 'IVOINVHOEIW (INV TVHIILIIIOIHDV NOILVlS lNéllAllélEldXEl 1Vllfl11fl3llI9V SVXEll STATION STAFFT ADMINISTRATION B. YOUNGBLOOD, Ph. D., Director CHARLES A. FELKER, Chief Clerk A. S. WARE, Secretary _ A. D. JACKSON, Executive Assistant CHARLES GoRzYcKI, Technical Assistant M. P. HOLLEMAN, J R., Assistant Chief Clerk VETERINARY SCIENCE *M. FRANcIs, D. V. M., Chief H. SCHMIDT, D. V. S., Veterinarian J. J. REID, D. V. M., Veterinarian CHEMISTRY G. S. FRAPS, Ph. D., Chief; State Chemist S. E. ASBURY, M. S., Assistant Chemist - . S. LoMANiTz, B. S., Assistant Chemist J. B. SMITH, B. S., Assistant Chemist HORTICULTURE H. NEss, M. S.. Chief W. S. HOTCHKISS, Horticulturist ANIMAL INDUSTRY J. M. JoNEs, A. M., Chief; Sheep and Goat Investigations . R. M. SHERWOOD, B."S., Poultry Husbandman ENTOMOLOGY M. C. TANQUARY, Ph. D., Chief; State Entomologist H. J. REINHARD, B. S., Entomologist L. R. WATSON, A. M.. Apiculturist C. S. RUDE, B. S., Entomologist C. E. HEARD, B. S., Entomologist A. H. ALEX, B. S., Queen Breeder > Q RONOMY . B. C0NNER, B. S., Chief; Crops . H. LEIDIGH, B. S., Agronomist, Soils . . B. REYNoLns M. S., Agronomist, Small Grains " ' E. W. GEYER, B. S., Agronomist; Farm‘ ;_ Superintendent ~ ‘I F1I>> PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY J. J. TAUBENHAUS, Ph. D., Chief i COTTON BREEDING G. F. FREEMAN, D. Sc., Chief FARM AND RANCH ECONOMICS A. B. Cox, Ph. D., Chief SOIL SURVEY **W. T. CARTER, JR., B. S., Chief H. W. HAWKER, Soil Surveyor H. V. GEIB, B. S., Soil Surveyor FEED CONTROL SERVICE B. YOUNGBLOOD, Ph. D., Director G- R.- WARREN» B- .S-’ Animfll Husbandman F. D. FULLER, M. S., Chief Inspector in Charge of Swine Investigations S_ D_ PEARCE, Inspector J. L. Lusn, Ph. D., Animal Husbandman J. H. ROGERS, Inspector (genetics) W. H. Woon, Inspector _ sUBsTATIQNs i No. 1. Beeville, Bee County No. 8. Lubbock, Lubbock County I. E. C0wART, M. S., Superintendent R. E. KARPER, B. S., Superintendent No. 2. Troup, Smith County No. 9. Pecos, Reeves County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent V. L. CORY, B. S., Superintendent Angleton, Brazoria County No. 10. College Station, Brazos County No. 3. V. E. HAFNER, B. S., Superintendent No. 4. Beaumont, Jefferson County A. H. PRiNcE, B. S., Superintendent N0. 5. Temple, Bell County _ D. T. KILLOUGH, B. S., Superintendent No. 6. Denton, Denton County _ C. H. McDowELL, B. S., Superintendent No. 7. Spur, Dickens County ‘ R. E. DICKSON, B. S., Superintendent TAs of November 1, 1921. (Feeding and Breeding Substation) L. J. McCALL, Superintendent No. 11. Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County G. T. McNEss, Superintendent **No. 12. Chillicothe, Harileman County A. B. CRoN, B. S., Superintendent No. 14. Sonora, Sutton-Edwards Counties E. M. PETERs, B. S., Superintendent D. H. BENNETT, V. M. D., Veterinarian *In cooperation with School of Veterinary Medicine, A. and M. College of Texas. **In cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture. ‘ CONTENTS PAGE Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Milling of Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Definitions of Wheat by-products . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '7 Standards for Wheat lay-products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ' Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Digestion experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 Feeding value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Checking productive value by feeding tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17, Use in feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 Sitting tests . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Bran in red dog flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4O Screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4O Summary and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 BY " G. S. FRAPS. . _ The by-products of Wheat milling constitute an important group of eeding stuffs, and this Experiment Station is frequently called upon to nish information concerning their composition and feeding value. conditions introduced some changes into the names used in Texas sed. There are differences in composition and feeding value between wheat y-products sold by different mills under the same name, so that a urchaser cannot always depend upon securing the feeding value that expects to get when buying. It is desirable both to manufacturer 1 to purchaser, to limit the variation in the composition of wheat -products and other feeds as much as possible. The efforts of the Fivision of Feed Control Service have already reduced this trouble to great extent, for it is the duty of the Feed Control Service to see } t feeds do not fall below definite standards, so that a purchaser may pend upon a given name representing a definite minimum feeding lue. ' MILLING OF WHEAT. J It is our intention to give only a bare outline of the process of mill- . The process varies considerably in different mills, both in the racter of the machinery and thedifferent operations. There is also variation in the different streams of by-products which are combined shorts, screenings, or bran; and even in the same mills, the by- bducts may-be combined in different Ways according to the price and and for different feeds. "i" eat as it comes to the miller contains small amounts of dust, nes, chaff, and weds other than Wheat, such as corn, oats, Weeds, ley, or rye. It may also contain immature grains, and sometimes s of mud. The first process is cleaning the Wheat. There are used ‘this process, screenings, special cylinders for barley or Weed seeds, irators, brushes, dust collectors. -Most of the impurities are either f" out, or sifted through, or lifted out by air. >1 he dust and screenings from some of the machines have little value. L ‘seeds from other machines, including the light broken Wheat, are bined into screenings. he Wheat may be also Washed, cleaned, dried, and conditioned. A er amount of moisture is necessary in milling. _l he Wheat is scoured, and in this process the brush, the crease dirt, p, some of the outer parts of the bran coat are removed as scourings. : is frequently added to the bran and in many cases is added to "shorts. ‘he wheat is gradually broken and the middlings (or flour-making rial) are removed from the bran by five sets of corrugated steel .- The first pair is coarsely corrugated and set relatively far apart >the other pairs increase in fineness of corrugations and are closer ‘BULLETIN No. 282. NOVEMBER, 1921. HE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. ,1» wheat by-products, making them more definite than those formerly 11324 White shorts—tailings from middlings . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.13 3.33 3.10 63.27 9.89 11407 White shorts from reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.31 3.09 2 .68 66. 70 9.08 11345 Shorts from tail of shorts duster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.94 6.18 6.79 52.15 9.96 11346 Red dog—gocs into shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.00 4.25 3.09 62.01 9.81 A 11323 Middlings from first and third tailings . . . . . . . . . . . 19.81 5. 33 5.18 55 .96 9 . 79 11312 Mixed shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. 72 3.40 3. 78 60. 34 10.81 _ 16342 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 .08 2 .93 6. 71 65.19 9.25 16349 Ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.48 3.31 9.34 56.10 10.48 - .; 16355 Ground and bolted wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.46 6.14 10.68 47.51 9.55 . _ 11403 Screenings mixed from scourer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.38 1.94 3. 35 65. 71 10.18. 11341 Screenings from screening separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. 63 2 .35 6.97 62. 60 10.07 3 11401 Milling screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.50 3.50 7.08 62 .20 9.74 2;‘ 11400 Screenings from receiving separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.25 2.22 7.55 45.55 8.20 23 11402 Dust from milling separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.28 3.38 17.56 A 48.27 8.38 k 11398 Chafi from receiving separatorm . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.13 2.60 18.46 47.89 8. 83 10 11343 Chicken feed from scourer to milling separator. . . . 14.50 2.17 4.23 65.61 10.93 11314 Screenings from first separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.00 2 .49 5 .53 63.06 10.22 _ 2 11316 Screenings from second separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 .56 1.95 4 .02 65.08 11.16‘ '- v ' 11315 Dust from fan in first separator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 .00 3.23 13.60 53.98 8.99 6.; 11318 Dust from first scourer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.82 3.39 17.12 53.09 8.44 3, 11320 Dust from second scourer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.07 1.97 16 . 38 58. 71 8.65 3} 11342 Dust from screening separator, second cleaning... 10.91 1.90 22.99 45.56 8.49 11‘ 11344 Dust from scourers and milling separators . . . . . . . 12 .69 0.24 13.57 60.99 9.18 3‘; 11319 Screenings from second scourings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.63 2 .48 _ 4.64 66.67 7 .99 2' 11356 Screenings from brush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. 56 3.05 5.54 62 .70 11.05 3 11404 Dust from scourer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.05 2.49 17.43 56.13 8.63 I 3; 11365 . Dust from middlings purifier and suction on roller. 8.75 5.13 4 .75 69 .45 10.65 1. 11364 Dust from corn purifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. - 10.44 2.28 14.24 60.82 9.47 2‘ 11359 Dust from four scourers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . 7.38 1.46 13.05 64.35 10.94 2‘ 11317 Screenings, first scouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.63 2.98 5.35 62.64 9.83 2 j 11321 Bran from bran duster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.50 v 3.62 10.73 50.87 9.79 ' 6. 11348 Bran from duster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.88 3.85 11.38 51.06 9.69 7 j 11360 Bran-fourth break and bran reel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.94 4.11 9.44 52.80 11.53 ;j 11405 Pure bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.81 3.48 10.27 51.92 9.87 6' 11322 Brown shorts from second scalper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.56 5.42 6 .40 _ 55.69 9.86 4 ' 19.19 5.50 5.23 57.37 8.53 4. 6 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. together so that the reduction in size of the middlings is grad p; After each passage through the rolls the stock is sifted and graded, break flour being removed. The corrugated rolls gradually break i: the interior of the grain and after the last pair of break rolls only. outer covering, or bran, remains. The bran is flattened out so that does not pass through the sieves which remove the middlings and flo Each time after passing between a pair of break rolls, the stream stock passed to the sifters, where the coarse material is scalped oif the middlings are graded and sent to the purifiers and to the reducti rolls. The flour is taken out and sent at once toward the packer. ~ } After the middlings from the break rollers ‘have been graded means of sifters, and purifiers andthe flour particles removed, middlings are reduced to flour by a number of nearly smooth s rollers (reduction rolls) varying in distance apart according to material to be treated. The number of sets of reduction rollers the pressure exerted by them varies with the size of the mill. T products vary with the character of the intermediate product which passed to the rollers. The rollers tend to flatten out some of the purities, and at the same time the middlings are reduced to fi f The flour is sifted out by means of fine silk bolting cloth, and residue which fails to pass throughis either subjected to further duction or sent to the by-products according as its character may may not allow the production of further quantities of flour. Table; contains analysis of some mill samples. p Table 1. Analysis of some mill samples. _ a Nitrogen Protein. Ether Crude free Water extract fiber extract _ a. ‘- '. . ~_ . - .n f. r a 4 ‘r my _-, _- “.7_U\O>$U1IP$O>U\¢JIUH# @©©U\¢UYU1©¢CI1©UI mwmoooocnwwoaoacooa UI©UICHCJ1@©U1UIUIUI© 7Q-w-ayoaioonwcneneagncoa , , Nave Vu- 1» __ _‘ f; a; .- ,,__-._‘V c. complain, as they would not secure as good feed as they expected. i by-products in Texas. THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUOTS. AVE-RAGE COMPOSITION OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. Most mills furnish a better product than the above standard. In the opinion of the writer, some of the larger mills are putting . out products under the name of standard middlings which contain too - much bran particles, and do not deserve the name of standard mid- ‘dlingsn The crude fiber content of 9 per cent. appears too high and i is unjust to mills which are putting out a better product, which should deserve a better name. A 9 Until 1918, the chief wheat by-products sold in Texas were wheat 1 bran, wheat mixed feed, and wheat shorts. were established in 1917, under the operation of the Federal Food Con- trol Act, for wheat brown shorts and wheat gray shorts, so that it ‘ became necessary to establish definitions and names for some of these The term “mill-run bran” for a long time was Different selling prices used in Texas to designate a mixture ofbran and shorts, but this term '1 has almost fallen into disuse. There have been variations in the com- COMPOSITION OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. I position, and names of wheat by-products have not always been in ac- cord with the requirements during the period of adjustment to the “new names, but conditions in this respect are now much better. ~ The average composition of the various by-products analyzed by this division in Texas and published in Bulletins 1'77, 189, 216, 234, 251, with some average analyses made at other stations. TalSle 3. Average analyses of wheat feeds. and 268, of the Feed Control Service, is given in Table 3, together M .. afisaasassasaasa t‘: Mao- l Z l ruh-wazswwcwrv-o: coon-us: can-cam _ Nitrogen Protein Ether Crude free Water Ash extract fiber extract Wheat Bran Texas 1913-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.78 4.03 8.31 54.67 9.99 5.22 Texas 1914-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.43 4.23 8.22 54.38 10.30 5.44 Texas 1915-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.06 3.79 . 7.54 56.29 10.47 4.85 Texas 1916-17.....3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.02 3.87 7.60 56.39 10.17 4.95 Texas 1917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.01 4.07 8.86 55.58 9.06 5.42 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.48 3.59 9.08 54.08 10.16 5.61 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.45 3.65 8.71 55.56 10.80 5.03 Kansas, average 1915-1920 . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . 16.82 4.20 10.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.51 4.73 10.69 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.80 5.40 10.60 . . . . . . . . 7.90 . . . . . . . . Connecticut 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.85 4.91 10.09 53.19 9.28 6.68 Connecticut 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.87 4.57 9.94 53.61 9.42 6.59 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.51 4.80 9.31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 4.7 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.56 4.52 8.54 . V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat Bran and Screenings Texas 1915-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.13 3.95 8.15 54.01 11.38 5.38 Texas 1916-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.63 3.69 7.37 56.03 10.79 4.87 Texas 1917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.33 4.02 9.91 53.81 9.93 6.00 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.48! 3.92 10.00 51.83 10.69 6.08 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.00 3.68 9.94 53.55 11.03 5.80 Kansas 1915-20. . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.83 4.15 10.29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.64 4.74 10.58 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . 16.82 5.02 9.88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.39 4.91 9.62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Henry and Morrison 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 4.4 9.5 53.7 10.1 6.3 10 Texas AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. i Table 3. Average analyses of wheat feeds-—_Continued. No. _ Nitrogen I1 aver- Protem Ether _Crude free Water Ash ' aged extract fiber extract Wheat Brown Shorts 16 Texas 1917-18 ................................ .. 18.49 4.52 ' 6.88 56.90 9.62 4.18 11 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.38 4.31 6.71 55.28 10.49 4.83 i 11 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.04 5.01 5.54 57.19 10.62 3.51 ‘ 34 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.21 4.40 5.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. a A Wheat Brown Shorts and Screenings i 9 Texas 1917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.97 4.28 7 00 57.04 9.90 4.81 8 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.43 4.63 6 76 55.33 9.99 4.86 8 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.17 4.18 6 41 57.47 10.60 4.17 24 Kansas 1915-20- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.96 4.48 7 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Wheat Gray Shorts '" 53 Texas 1917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.76 4.25 5.95 39 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.27 4.53 5.58 84 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.57 4.40 5.14 234 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.01 4.40 5,15 Wheat Gray’ Shorts and Screenings. _ 6 Texas 1917-18 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ' 17.80 4.31 6.11 ~ 12 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.55 4.51 7.03 10 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.16 4.35 6.74 133 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.18 ‘ 4.46 6.42 Wheat White Shorts 6 Texas 1917-18 ................................ .. 18.98 2.98 2.90 62.84 9.91 . 2.89 4 Texas 1918-19 ............................ ... . .. 15.81 2.75 2.84 67.21 9.99 2.40 11 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.93 2.84 2.66 65.50 11.02 2.05 47 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.18 3.43 3.41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Red Dog Flour i i. 44 Wisconsin 1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.24 8.85 2.26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ' 259 Henry and MOITISOII 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. -16.80 4.10 . 2.20 63 30 11.10 2 50 , 99 Minnesota 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.30 3.90 2.60 . . . . . . . . 10.0 . . . . . . . . 1 Wheat Mixed Feed 19 Texas 1918-14 ................................ .. 16.80 8.70 8.05 56.41 10.42 4.62 15 Texas 1914-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.37 4.52 8.10 " 54.24 10.44 5.33 16 Texas 1915-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.12 4.22 7.58 55.39 10.93 ' 4.76 14 Texas 1916-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.25 3.69 7.37 56.03 10.79 4.87 _ 9 Texas 1917-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.86 3.94 7.83 56.93 9.51 4.93 51 Texas 1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.51 4.43 8.02 53.79 10.24 5.01 16 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.42 3.95 8.45 55.39 10.78 - 5.01 69 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.52 4.91 8.52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Connecticut 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.42 5.18 7.80 54.66 _ 10.39 5.36 19 Michigan 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 4.6 8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17 Connecticut 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.77 4.90 7.94 55.31 9.65 5.43 1 Maryland 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.71 4.68 7.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 WISCOIIS1II 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.32 4.49 4.97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 Minnesota 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.30 5.10 7.40 . . . . . . . . 9.30 . . . . . . . . Wheat Mixed Feed and Screenings. 32 Kansas 1915-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 17.37 4.24 .31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Middlings. 88 Wisconsin 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.27 5.15 6.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Connecticut 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.85 5.35 7.03 55.69 10.41 4.59 16 Pennsylvania 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.56 5.09 5.16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Connecticut 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.02 4.78 5.69 57.34 9.98 4.29 115 Michigan 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.90 5.10 7.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Pennsylvania 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.37 4.90 5.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Pennsylvania 1919 with admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 .81 5.75 7.39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Pennsylvania 1919 with admixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.25 5.65 6.88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat Flour Middlings. Wisconsin 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.20 6.90 5.50 . . . . . . . . 9.60 . . . . . . . . Henry and Morrison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.80= 5.00 4.70 58.10 10.70 3.70 THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PnonUoTs. 11 Table 3. Average analvses ‘of wheat feeds-Continued. No. Nitrogen aver- Protein Ether Crude free Water Ash aged extract fiber extract Wheat Middlings (Standard Shorts). 4041 Henry and Morrison .......................... .. 17. 40 4.90 0.00 50.80 10.50 4.40 Standard Wheat Middlings. 19 Wisconsin 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.08 5.30 7.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22 Wisconsin 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.11 4.82 8.47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Minnesota 1920 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.40 5.60 8.30 . . . . . . . . 8.80 . . . . . . . . Wheat Chops. 12 Texas 1913-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.63 1.73 3.16 67.67 8.96 1.85 5 Texas 1914-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.90 1.97 3.52 65.17 10.66 2.78 3 Texas 1915-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.26 1.89 3.53 65.46 10.42 2.44 2 Texas 1919-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.07 1.73 3.55 67.57 11.99 2.09 66 Texas 1913-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.39 3.99 4.08 61.19 10.05 3.30 59 Texas 1914-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.92 4.08 3.95 61.26 9.58 3.21 42 Texas 1915-16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.66 4.08 4.22 60.11 10.19 3.74 18 Texas 1916-17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.74 4.28 4.83 59.73 9.79 3.63 If the average for wheat bran is considered, it is seen that there has been a relative increase in the number of samples containing screen- ings, and an increase in the percentage of crude fiber present. The higher the percentage of crude fiber in any wheat by-product, the lower is its quality and feeding value. Wheat bran containing screenings always averages a higher percentage of crude fiber than wheat bran which does not contain screenings. This difference is not accounted for by the presence of the screenings, as they are not high in crude fiber (Table 1), but the bran itself must be of poorer quality. That is to say, millers who do not put screenings into the bran make bran of better quality than those who do put screenings into the bran. An increase in the percentage of fiber in wheat mixed feed is also seen when the averages are examined. The series of analyses of the other groups is not sufficiently long to show changes in average com- position. The composition of some wheat by-products as found by other states is shown in Table 3 also. No attempt has been made to collect all possible averages. Some average analyses are also given in table from Henry and Morrison’s “Feeds and Feeding.” Changes in names and in methods of manufacture decrease the value of average analyses of mill feeds extending over long periods of time, and may cause such averages to be entirely misleading with respect to present-day feeds. WITH WHEAT BY-PRODUOTS. DIGESTION EXPERIMENTS The number of digestion experiments with wheat by-products is not as great as we might desire. Individual tests are given in Table 4. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 12 -.-...fi@omwgcrz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......-..-..-W$HQ§rfi . . . . . . .....@@m . ¢ @ ..-...NPOW@QH§..2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-...-...-....W@.~O£@ . . . . . ... ..w@n% .. .-.N$°m@c§@2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....-...$NQ§B@Q¥DQMO . . . . . . ... -.....-..Q5.N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....-..-P_NQ§B . . . . ..... G .......... 3N0’? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .............QNQQB UQOSR ....... Qwwfiw fi M»- é @ .......... wfiNQmT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ..-........¢N®@3 wvmwufivfiho . . . . . ....QQQE@ ¢ ...mP...w0m5§OAwwm.N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............I_.d0a Q-QQZ? . . . . . ....QQQQ@ 3 . . - - . . . - . . . - ~ . - ... - . . - . - . . .-¢-.¢-¢.?@Qa u... -.-g8§w ..-.NPOM?_NQ§P5Q@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... - . . - . . . . . . ..&QQ§B.SEQQ . . . . ... .QQQA+Z @ .% @ %.$ E-fi =-¢ ----...Q¢.EN2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . .... ...........mfiNQmT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Q.MGHOE..M EQMQ. . . . . . . . ..QQ®#@ ...: Hflogowfiflnvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......ww€@€ 960E? .N .02 . . . . ... ...-. . . . . Imdvmfir? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......-.....wfi.~Oflm . . . . @ ...........W_WNQ%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............WQMOEWQH@S$ . . . . . ....Q0O§@ W? . . . . fig wan $5.5 mwém ma.“ fins wmAw ..........o=fi2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...5ou@¢m.m . . . . . ...m.~w3m -.-...~ ... ....-.-.-Q§r@2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-... . . . - . . . . . . . . . nae 2.2 Mai. Emmv £4. ma; .28 m2 ma...» 3.: .. . . . . . ......§a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AQRWMWNV mtfim 2a Qkgt :95 flag? . ~85 Aw @ Q %.@ §.&_ . . .Q9@QMU§O_NQW_NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W@Q@QQQHOM ~H@fih% . . . . . . . . .QQQ§@ O b.€ ...mu..,wwmflfivdmwdg ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....QMC@QQQHOQ Gfiwnw wfiwfla . . . . . ... QQQS@ ew.%%... ...Q$QOQD.E.ONQWQE , . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . ..........wwfi§@@@a PGQS? . . . . . . . Ilgowflm @.%@ $ ... .-...-. .QA;.N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-....-..Q@~;%@€ . . . . . . . ..QMQUP@ . g.@ ...-...- MQNQH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ..--Q.M€HO§QEOH§QNQEg . . . . .....QQ®.E.$ 3 -.unqnnu¢-.m.flxwk . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . - ..-e-uo--.m@hogw>@m . . . . ..-v.g@@gm C ...-.-...0.G@d2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........mw~m§@@€ 880.53. . . . . . ... ...m..w¢Qm5SOdmm&2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......~......A.~QBGEQ QQMQ . . . . .....Q00§@ 2e ...-..-.-Qflk@2 .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lllOllqwhn .. . --.Q8m§m . . . - . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . -.v---.-n-'-¢..géhp . ..- @.HVN 8.$ ..-..-f@gflébfiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........-.-.-AH_NHQ.Q#GQ§R ghfimwmw? . . . . ..-.-M®QH@ . ........-..Qfinw2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........§fi.~@ BNQ§BWQQQOMQ MQZOMQQHQOO .. .....QQ0§@ .-.Q8@0M§§O8Qfi2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........-.-..aw~n@hnmwv GQMQ . ...-..QQ0§@ ..-....QPOQQAHQrS . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,.....-.-.-.....§@H@P.®Q§E . . --..-%.@m ...........QNNQ& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........-..-......¢.NHQ.Q_QQSR ... .-..QQQ§@ .......@@QQQ§AH_-n2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......¢--.....AHN.MQ.P.WQ§B ... ..-...&T&.. --...-....Q.NNOB . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......m.......-.--.....QQH§.$~NQ§B.....-¢..QQQ§@ fi-mfi .-.....-.-Osfiz . . .... ........ . .................-....Q_NMQGQQQBwQ€Q@ .......-.QQQS@ .....HQO@HOOQ§OU... .... .. ........ ...-...: . ............QGM@QmHGOU.........QQQ£@ “Baazm. .‘ “Qabww 6mm @255. 2E pmfim paw E895 €< .633 mo: 2:50 pwsfim qmwaoum .3292 fiwpsmz wfiBm aosaflowmfl _aEE< macfivmwwoo aoflwowmfl cowfimomfloo .%$.* odofiwlfifi? Enwflmhwawuvacmnywowmfi rd “asap. THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRonUoTs. 13 When we consider the table, we find the digestibility is‘ lowest for - wheat bran, highest for Wheat White shorts. The amount of crude fiber is an indication of the digestibility that should be expected. Table 5 contains the average composition and digestibility of wheat by-products used in the experiments given in Table 4. Sufficient experiments with wheat middlings containing 9 per cent. crude fiber have not been made, but the single experiment made shows that this feed is nearer in composition and feeding value to wheat bran than to wheat shorts. Details of some of the experiments given in the above table made at the Texas Experiment Station have not yet been published. TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 14 ma» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1W3. 9m asfi wém mwm >6 $3 ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ltgoagom N.m&~ o é-fi w-a N-w N-w N ..-.-.-...........i........i . . . . . . - ~ - . . . . ¢ ¢ . - . - . ¢ - n - - u o ¢ 5mm waw flaw Tea owa $1: mmww mm; mm.w $4: m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. wtonm 8E8 amen? 9cm 9mm v.2. mAw EA M53 2H3. Raw mo.m 3.2 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._¢@E..§@a>> AW- ..-..............>-.. . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . - . - - ¢ . - u Q - o - Q n - - - ¢ - Q i . . . . . - ~ . . . . . - . . . . . - . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . - - . . . - v.3 5mm 9% 5w» nah 3.3 moan aw.» Ed wwfifi fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._§.fi¢wun>w poabwo 2E pwnwm 3m nwwfiflm @9338 5am aoahfia. wwwfivfiw nQwPEZ _ n3. .6033 3i @350 kwnafl umwfizm AQQESZ cowohfiz munfiomwmoO aochowmfi .39» ESE n38 waawfiflommv uofimommw E v8: £88 mo muawmcflooo aawmmwmu E8 aofimmaafioo ww98>< d o_nam. THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE 0F WHEAT BY-PRoDUoTs. 15 PRODUCTION COEFFICIENTS OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. The production coeflicients of Wheat by-products have been calcu- lated by the methods described in Bulletin 185 (Fraps’ Principles of Agricultural Chemistry, 1917, p. 433) and are presented in Table 6. In order t0 ascertain the production value of a feed in terms of fat, it is merely necessary to multiply the constituents of the feed by the proper production coeflicients, and add up the product. The produc- tion coefficients here presented are calculated from the digestion ex- periments given in Tables 3 and 4. 16 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. o $ X . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . . ¢ ¢ . . . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - - | ~ ¢ - - - m8. fi c3. mwmd mom. Sm. co; Sfi. m3. mmm. m3. w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38.? 3E8 axon? mam. 3w. mwmé mum. 3w. 3A 3w. 3o. m3. m3. m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~85.» #a®. $5. M@. a8. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....-............wwfi€@@a - o . .2 ¢ . . . . . n x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . - - a o mwm. wmc. $9M ma? E». 2.. 3H. woo. 3m. m3. w“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :55 flaws? "maaofltwano mo ¢wa$>< @nha@. 3 X@. z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - - . . .-¢-¢.-.-u@-eon.Q-o¢-¢.-¢..&=E8HQQ$$JB . . - .1 . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . . ¢ - . . . . - fi. @ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...HB@ HO- wNh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mvoflgunmlmfi .~.Q . . N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. mabflgunmlmfi. MO BMOSQ EOMS. . . . - - - ¢ - Q . - . . . - ¢ - - . . - - - . . - . - - - Q . ¢ - - - - -¢o~¢¢»-%Bm EN. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . -.. . . . - .. ..HB.@ gflnwtauhgl>g HQ Qfihavgw m8; m3 2N m 8a. SQ. 8. fi Sfi. 2... mmm. m5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ew 73...... snafiaip .8 ..5o¢ 098w B2 .6 3.8% 092B 03:3 .1 .-.. - . - . - - . . . - . . . . . . Q . . . . . - - - . - - - ¢ ¢ - . ¢ - - . - ¢ . -..-- ¢ ¢ ~ - . . . . - - . ..¢.-i$a.m° uuabno honu . gfiflg uowai» hwnu flask» . 3a wwaO “Fm . 59.25%. Bfifimuw hotflm 8b 25.5 kwfifi cmwaopm awwobmZ , . i. .6“ nvwohfiz Eofiah wofifisnzaO uouuam . ~ mflhwfi .3 mafia» 5 G» “o warms 5 .%v£ #8.? .8.“ wpnwmufioco nowuswopm d 03x5 THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. 17 The productive value of feeds may also be stated in terms of therms, theheat unit proposed by Dr. Armsby, of the Pennsylvania Experiment Station. To convert fat into therms it is necessary to multiply the productive value expressed as fat by 4.284. Table 5 also contains the production coefficients for wheat by—products expressed as therms. Since wheat by-products do not have full value in feeding, it is necessary to make correction by multiplying by a factor. The factor applied for this purpose is given in column headed “factor.” FEEDING VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. Using the production coefficients given in the preceding table, and the average composition of some of the wheat by-products, We have calculated the feeding values as expressed by the digestible- protein, and the productive values, with the results given in Table '7. The produc- tive value is expressed in terms of both fat and therms. These figures represent our best present knowledge with respect to the comparative, values of wheat by-products. Table 7 Assumed average and minimum composition and feeding value of wheat products. g » . ,3 Productlve *- c: m Q —— ' o é i? B- 13 g h “t: a: a Q S Q g § 3 - 7-1 q; b0 '03 ‘a i 3 5 1 2 3 § H 2 5 E i % .@ m m Q H Q3 Z '< Q ~< < Wheat bran—assumed average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat bran—minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat bran—low grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat bran and screenings-assumed average. . . . Wheat bran-minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts—assumed average. . .- . . . . . Wheat brown shorts-minimumfguarantee . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts—assumed average . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts—minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . Wheat white shorts——assumed average . . . . . . . . . . Wheat white shorts-minimumfguarantee . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed-—assumed average . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed——minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . . Standard middlings-assumed average . . . . . . . . . . Standard nriddllirgs minimum guarantee . . . . . . . Flour middlings—assumed average. . ._ . . . . . . . . _. . Flour middlings—minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . . '. . Red Dog fl0ur—assumed average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Red Dog flour-minimum guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat chops or meal-assumed average . . . . . . . . . Wheat mill screenings, ground—assum'ed average. lI-ll-ll-"ll-l ocwom wmowoooommmmmwmwoooom mwmpmmmmmmmmmmwmmfimmw Qcypgwmmqmmawmommwwmm gl-lhdh-il-li-ii-ll-‘P-ii-li-iii-lb-lliiib-ii-‘F-‘F-i QQQmmQQmmm$@mqmwmmm$m _q§pqpmouommoomommommo @p§mmmmwQmwww»wmwwwww m~moowm~mcommwmmo®oow qQ$w@m¢wmwwwmmmm wmouowu+mwmwc©w~mwmun 9QQ~oooooooooooo--o aw mmmommmmmmoooommoogcc @QpQ9$§§g@wmm»»m@mm@m moommmmmoomwoowwooooo b-llil-ibihll-li-li-ll-ll-lhii-ii-lh-ll-llil-lb-ih-li-lb-l w~@~»qm@mQ@w@qmwwmwwm l-flbll-ilO l &9@Q5§§;K§§§35$$S:55Z wmmmwmwwowwmwmmmbwmbd owQmmqmaam S ¢a@w@m~»¢~fi$§§3§£&8fi$ mmmm@©wwomwm@@Hfi9*+Qv CHECKING PRODUGTIVE VALUES IBY FEEDING TESTS. Feeding tests, When conducted by some systems, may be used to check the productive values of feeds, and the calculated productive values, expressed either in terms of therms or fat, may be tested by the feed- ing experiments and adjusted, if need be. In making these tests, it is necessary to use one feed as a standard or measuring rod, and to. assume values for maintenance requirements. We have used the values given in Arm'sby’s “Nutrition of Farm Animals,” pages 711-712, for the maintenance requirements in the calculations here presented. . 18 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. EFFECT OF GRINDING ON PRODUCTIVE VALUE OF WHEAT. Bulletin 144, Nebraska Experiment Station, gives a comparison of soaked Whole Wheat, soaked ground Wheat, soaked Whole Wheat and tankage, and ground Whole Wheat and tankage, on 1O hogs per lot, 84 days. No analyses Were given, so average productive values for Wheat given in this bulletin were used. Table 8. Comparison of productive values of whole wheat and ground wheat.‘ Whole Ground Whole wheat and Ground wheat and wheat tankage wheat tankage Weight at beginning, pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 138 137 139 Average weight, W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 184 187 195 Daily gain each pig, G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.84 1.09 1.19 1.32 Ration daily, wheat, pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.96 5.30 5.27 5.56 " Tankage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 .26 0 . 27 Productive value of ration, therms, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.155 4.627 4.413 4.841 Maintenance requirement, W X . 0103=M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.761 .895 1.926 1.950 Productive balance, T—M=B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.487 2.891 Gain by 1 therm, G—I-B=K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.478 0.456 Productive value of gain, G+K=L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . 1.761 2.392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total furnished by ration, L+M=O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.522 4.287 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percentage of calculated, O—:-T><100 (Average 88.8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.7 92.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8 shows hoW the results are calculated to secure the compara- tive productive values of Whole and ground Wheat. One therm pro- ductive value in ground Wheat produces 0.478 pound gain in Weight; .so 0.84 pound gain with Whole Wheat should require 0.84 divided by 0.478 or 1.761 therms. Adding the maintenance requirements, 1.761 itherms, makes a total of 3.522 therms produced by the ration, Which iis 84.7 per cent. of the calculated value. In the same Way We find the Whole Wheat and tankage produced 92.8 per cent. of the calculated value, or an average of 88.8. This is distinct from the effect of grind- ing on the appetite of the animal. (The animals ate more of the ground Wheat than the Whole Wheat; hence they had a greater excess over maintenance Which could be used for productive purposes.) Q Comparison 0f Corn, Wheat, and Middlings.—The Ohio Experiment Station reports, in Bulletin 268, feeding tests with lots of pigs, feed- ing 9 parts ground corn, or ground Wheat, or middlings with 1 part tankage, and-middlings alone for 91 days. Table 9. Composition and productive value of feeds used in the Ohio experiments. _ Total Total Nitrogen pro- pro- Protein Ether Crude free Water Ash ductive ductive extract fiber extract value value fat therms I rn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.50 1.55 2.50 74.03 11.12 1.40 19.36 i 82.94 fvlieat . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. “ 13.06 0.80 2.69 69.82 11.50, 2.13 18.83 80.67 ' dlings ....................... .. 15.62 1.94 3.39 55.37 11.55 2.13 19.74 84.57 "Tankage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61.79 10.04 3.70 0.81 6.75 16.92 ' 18.46 79.08 The chemical analyses of the feeds are given in this bulletin and We have calculated the productive values from the factors given in this i l.bulletin and Bulletin 185. The results are in Table 9. / THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUGTS. Table 10. Comparison of productive values of ground corn, ground wheat and middlings, from Ohio experiments 19 Corn 9, Wheat 9 Middlings 9 Middlings Tankage 1 Tankage 1 Tankage 1 alone Average weight, pounds, W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 190 181 179 Daily gain per pig, pounds, G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.57 1.59 _ 1.52 1.44 Ration daily, pounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.74 6.09 5.66 5.27 Productive value of ration, therms, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = . . . . 4.755 4.884 4.755 4.554 Maintenance requirement, WXH= M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.788 1.954 1.860 1.848 Productive balance, T—M=B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .967 2 .930 2 .895 - 2.706 Gain by 1 therm, G+B..' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0.529 0.542 0.525 0.532 A comparison of the results is given in Table 10. The gain in Weight caused by one therm excess over maintenance is practically the same for corn and tankage, middlings and tankage, and middlings alone, and about 2.5 per cent. better for wheat and tankage. Accord- ing to this experiment, the productive values calculated for these feeds are relatively correct for hogs, though calculated from digestion ex» periments with ruminants. Comparison of Wheat a-nd Com.——Missouri Bulletin 136 compares ground Wheat and ground corn on hogs using Wheat alone, corn alone, wheat and corn, wheat and tankage and corn and tankage. Analyses of the feeds were not made in 1913 but were made in 1914, and the analyses and calculated productive values are given in Table 11. As the feeds were near the average in composition, We assumed them to be the same both years. Table 11. Feeds used in 1914, Missouri Experiments, Bulletin No. 136. Total Total Nitrogen prq- pro- Protein Ether Crude free Water Ash ductive ductive extract fiber extract value value fat therms Ground wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.92 1.89 2.36 67.83 12 .43 1.57 19. 03 81.52 Ground corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.13 4.08 2.10 69.57 12.82 1.30 19.80 84.82 Tankage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52.18 10.70 1.47 2. l0 9.17 24.38 16.80 71.97 Calculations of the results of the experiment are given in Table 12. In these experiments, wheat produces larger gains per therm than does corn. It is necessary to‘ use one or the other as a standard, and Wheat was selected, the average of the gains produced by wheat and by wheat and tankage in each period and each experiment being used as a basis for the comparison of the other lots. 20 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Table 12. Calculations of Missouri experiments. -10 no’ cu 2 a: ~ o -= "5 += w n“ b“ += b” 2 w 8 c: 8 8 c-g 3% =3? c: "=1 3"“ "a 5 c6 "a a '6' g l 3 B 0B Boa Be we o 1913-78 days. . Average weight, pounds, W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.9 114.4 131.2 135.7 111.7 112.4 Daily gain,G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.04 0.94 1.33 1.40 0.82 0.81 Productive value ration, therms, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.898 4.078 4.498 4.413 3.427 3.599 Maintenance requirement, therm, W><100 . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 94.6 . . . . . . . . 96.0 87 .8 1914-42 Days. Average weight, W . . . . . . .9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243.2 232.3 248.3 262.9 252.6 219.0 Daily gain,G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.45 1.29 1.66 1.68 1.65 0.92 Productive value ration, therm, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.869 6.126 7. 368 7.197 7 .454 5.869 Maintenance requirement, therm, W XH=M . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.286 2.184 2.334 2.471 2.374 2.059 Productive value, T—M= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.583 3 .942 5.038 4. 726 5 .080 3.810 Gain by 1 therm, G+B=K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404 .329 .329 .355 .323 .241 Average 1+4=R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380 ~ Maintenance per 100 pounds, therms, H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0094 .0094 .0094 .0094 .0094 .0097 Value of gain, therms, G+R=L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.394 4.367 . . . . . . . . 4.341 2 .420 Maintenance, therms, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 184 2.334 . . . . . . . . 2. 374 2 .059 Found value of ration, therm, M-l-L = O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.578 7.001 . . . . . . . . 6.715 4.479 Calculated value of ration, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.126 7.368 . . . . . . . . 7.454 5.869 Per cent found of calculated, O-I-TXIOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.1 95.0 . . . . . . . . 90.1 76.3 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89.7 97.8 . . . . . . .. 93.7 83.5 Corn fed alone produced for each therrn fed 76.3 to 87.8 per cent- (average 83.5 per cent) per therm fed in wheat. Corn fed alone is a poor feed, since the animal does not eat enough to make good gains. Corn 10 parts to tankage 1 part produces from 90.1 to 97.2 per cent. of the calculated, average 93.7. In the Ohio experiments described THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. 21 above, corn and wheat were equal _when fed with tankage. It is pos- sible that the corn fed in this experiment contained more Water, and so may have had a lower production value than We have assumed. Corn and wheat, equal parts, produced gains 84.0 to 92.2 per cent. of the calculated, with an average of 89.7. Corn, Wheat, and tankage gave 94.6 to 102.1 per cent. of the cal- culated, with an average of 97.8.‘ Comparison of Whole Wheat, Wheat Screenings, Whole Barley and Whole Oats 0n Sheep.——Montana Bulletin 59 contains a comparison of these feeds on lambs and on wethers. Snow and rain interfered With getting exact Weights of the hay fed, and no analyses of the feeds were reported. Hence, it is necessary to assume average composition. Re- sults of this Work are calculated in Table 13. 22 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. . . . . . . . - . . . . . - . . . . - - . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. .... .....i.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hwwb» Eh» .. 3% m”? 2 . a HHH Hm . 2.2 $2 3.5. H&.~@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doHXw+N dHwHw 25a 8H o2? 2.222522 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N“ Jfifihw %O QASMHW Q>@BOHP@O.~A% SH .H 3H .H m2 .H HHH . H HHQHJH m2 . H H“? .H S: Em .H .5. .H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OH1H+H>H dQSHw 3 .852 Ho Q38? . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . Zwfi. . . . . . .. 3w. mww. HHHK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... AHMX O dnfiwfi .52 Ho 33> . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .n~@fiw flmwOgfihwQ MEMO “$2.7... ......@.......... .22.. H.H@........... 32...--. 222.....- as... as... i... ....................................... ..€H_.H=...Q..H._ ................H.._.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........m%"2||&.QOQ.N.»QQQ>K—O5@OMA% ..@.._........ .2»... ..@..H..... Ha. .22.»... H2 ..... .222... s» s... $2 .................... ... .......... .. zlcé.§a.a§....=.a.§az .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... .-.- . ..-.-<. ......-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5&0 BQQQPQPflwOU On 2P Rm. 2w. 3w. HHé. $m.H mwmflH $2 $2.2 ma”; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dug” . xm xmimHu wig ofifinHmohm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................@.GQH.NQHH@NMU QHWH Hf 3H w: RxH 2.” 2 m. mm.” m2 a?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zm .2225 22H 22H Si. 8Q 52:8 .8220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ififlfinvnm Jwfimw wwdhw>< 2 2 Q. 2 s. 2 z 3 2 2 fi. 2H 22H H222 =22 omawH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .3 @222. .22? s.“ .222» @325. .223 >253, wfio ps2?» mwfinwobw H28» koidfl mfiwo fiwon? mwfiswwaa wHaHxHHH/H 22H? 22H? 263a uHoHHHHP wwfimwwH 22H? 22H? 20H? 22H? N 22H? .5825 maxim? d¢2Hm no mfiBEHHQQNQ aaficofi .mH QHAHQB THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRoDUoTs. 23 The results of the two series of experiments do‘ not agree. Screen- ings compared with whole wheat, which was taken as the standard for the calculations, have 50 per cent. more productive value fed to lambs than to wethers, oats have about 30 per cent. more, and barley about 20 per cent. more. The mixture is too low with the wethers, but nearly right with the lambs. Possibly the experiment with the wheat on the lambs is too low, which makes too high the other gains com- pared with it, The whole oats with the wethers have nearly the same v value as ground oats as given in Bulletin 170, but 89 per cent. of the value calculated by Armsby. The whole barley, fed to the wethers, has 69.8 per cent. of the value of barley chops as calculated by Armsby and '76.3 per cent. as calculated by us (Bulletin 1'70). The screenings have a productive value of 62.2 therms per 100 pounds in the experi- ment with the wethers, compared with 60.8 calculated by us in Table '7. USE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUOTS IN FEEDING. Lindsey (Massachusetts Bulletin 94) compared dried brewers grain with wheat bran on cows. When fed 26.2 pounds corn silage and about 12.4 pounds blue-grass hay with 3.0 pounds gluten feed, and 4.3 pounds dried brewers grains, the cows produced an average of 21.4 pounds of milk containing 1.1 pounds butter fat. When 4.4 pounds of the Wheat bran replaced the 4.3 pounds brewers grains, the cows gave 20.8 pounds milk with 1.1 pounds butter fat. The brewers grain gave slightly more milk than the wheat bran. According to Bulletin 1'70 of this Station, brewers grain contains 19.3 digestible protein and 12.9 pounds productive value, compared with 12.5 pounds digestible protein and 12.0 pounds productive value for wheat bran. In this particular experiment, the effects of the wheat bran are about what one would expect from the productive value. According to Henry and Morrison, Hills of the Vermont Station, on . substituting alfalfa for the same weight of wheat bran, found a loss . of 3 to 6 per cent. in milk flow caused by the substitution. Mairs of the Pennsylvania Station reported a loss of about 5 per cent. by sub- stitution. Lindsey at the Massachusetts Station secured similar re- sults. According to these experiments, alfalfa meal would have a lower feeding value than wheat bran. In Bulletin 1'70 we estimate the pro- ductive value in fat of alfalfa meal to be 10.9, Wheat bran 12.0. At the Illinois Experiment Station, Bulletin 146, a ration of 30 I pounds corn silage, 6 pounds clover hay, 6 pounds corn meal were fed to cows, in addition to 8 pounds of wheat bran. The production was 23.8 pounds of milk and 1.0 pounds fat. When 8 pounds alfalfa hay was used in the same ration in place of the wheat bran, the pro- duction was 24.4 pounds milk and 0.98 pound of fat. This test is contradictory to the experiments with alfalfa meal mentioned above, I as it gives alfalfa hay the same feeding value for milk production as wheat bran. Alfalfa hay has a somewhat lower production value than _ alfalfa meal, and the average productive value is calculated by us at 8.2 in terms of fat, in Bulletin 1'70. Wheat bran is light and’ bulky and contains some fiber. It has 1 special properties which make it desirable to feed at special times, but i on account of the high demand it is sometimes a more expensive feed 24 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. than other feeding stufis. It may be used to some extent for young i animals, especially in the case of cows or sheep which are just begin- ning to eat. It has a laxative action, which is less marked when used continuously, and gives good results when fed to horses, once or twice a week in a mash made with scalding water. It is a good feed for breeding animals, and in this respect both its laxative action and its content of protein and phosphorus are valuable. It contains too much fiber to be a good feed for fattening pigs. Bran is sometimes mixed with other feeds when sheep or cattle are started on fattening rations. Middlings and shorts are useful for hogs of all ages, while bran is too bulky. Some grades of middlings contain such a quantity of bran particles that they have only a_low value for hogs. When fed to hogs, shorts or middlings are best used along with feeds low in protein, such as corn, milo, kafir, or barley. They are relished by dairy cows. They are liable to cause colic when fed alone to horses, so that they should be fed mixed with other feeds more bulky in character. Any heavy or pasty feed is liable to cause colic in horses. SIFTING TEST OF WHEAT BY-PRODUOTS. The study of the composition and quantity of the siftings secured from various wheat by-products has been carried on for several years with the object of using this method for checking the names under which the feeds were sold. In preliminary work, sifters of 10, 14, 20, 28, 35, 48,, and 65 meshes to the inch were used, but this number of siftings was found too large for ordinary use. A study of the pre- liminary work made it appear probable that the use of sifters of 14, 20, and 48 mesh would prove more satisfactory. There is still some question whether a 28-mesh sieve would not be better than the 20-mesh. 25» THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. ..........-..-..-......--.- ..........-...-.-..-......~...-...-.» Z ............................ ... . . . 3.x 3.3 mfimw vmfi and .ww.: .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . wwhoufimnwsoim. v5.5 mné mp6 bwtwm wow» $6 $.w~ . . . . . . . . . . .. z z z hwhéfimmO mmRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..M@MOS.MGROM@HNQSK @$.¢ .... ....... ..... - . - . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. wbd. mww omzwm mod mmé 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. z z z hmimszwmmcO SR5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..w@hO§w CBOHQ. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Erw 28w no.3 mod finm modw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z .w¢._3.%nO 3R; .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........w@hO£wQkwQMQ.H®Q£a cw.w wmdfi 2.3 wm.m mw.m ~35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z ww .69.? nwsohi. mwmwfi wmb 3.3 omém $6 wwd n93 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z z z z z . z . M“. uonrmm :0 owmwfi ..... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mw§_.H~O0hOw udanBbqsohw wvflfl wPhO5m GaOMQ. Pfimvig kflffiwwflo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emu 3.5 Rfimw Efim ww.m 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . z z z. mwawummnO ma?! ..........@$.x ........-. ........ . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... . ........ . . ........... . . . . . . . . . ¢@. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. .. . . . . . .... ..... ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . $4 5.2 fie» 2: m»; 3E .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ézwamzo 2K2 2: firm fiww 2: w: 2x2 .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . z z, z._ mfihmflcmmac m2»: .. .... .../. .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. ...... ... . ......m$»~om+m@fl®ga%fihw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 . . hflflftm Swadbhfim? 212mm...» ......mw.m mqwfl .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. z z z wfilwfifiaO wabwn mm...“ $4: $93. $6 fiflv 3.2 .. . . . . . . . ,z z z z z z z z mmbfimmnO 5R: c3 $12 8.2. £2 3a 8.5 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....ww=m=@2om fizz v5.5. E8 5.8% zofiw “Eva? Azfimmv 6w Asmm a0 2E: . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . wmzv 3d 2Y5 and mwé 3.5 . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z mmhxrmmaO wwkfi ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mad n93 owdw 34v mag» wfifi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mmuoptmnwsofim. uowwfi 3+ mwd mwém wad mmQ SW3 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z z z mmhwufimcO 23M ... .. . . . . . . ... . .. ...........................WWQ@QQQMOQ@§GWP.~Q5W%NM%$.NQ§B @¢@HQ&%@WQQ ......©N.x .........- ....--...@@.@ .. . .. . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. %¢HQ$%@M§%5QM§P “Eva wwd 3.3 3.6 on.» bwwfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z z z wwufimmnO 23$- $.¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MPHQ§W %~®h% mwfififlg .%® HOS.@@W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 31m waw 3.3 35 Sim wmdm . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. z z z mwhwawmmnO Show ...... ... . .. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . ....WH.~C§Q»A.QM%QNQ5B ~Z@MQP&-..WQO .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . wfim mad mfivm S...» moé ~92 .. . . . .. .. . . . . ... . . . . . . z z z z mmmzfimaO amfifi .-............. ... ... . ......... ....... . . . . . ........WW_H@QQ@HOM@AHNwfihnvgmmwfiflia -¢NMQ@%@WQO $4. $6 wAWmm $5 3Q E25 . z z z z z z z mmpwpmmmQ maxi ...................... ...-. ..............w%QfHQQMOWs._NQ£g@C5Q-@wvgfimwwhnv§m>%flhwwfiwga ponbxm ~25 uoaaiw Am< gwpa? 3b wwEO ponffl 53.2w cwwobmZ awcflmm we aQEwoQSoO .3 QEQB 26 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. -. .... ..-.- .. .$:.¢ . . . . . . . ...... . ........ . . . , ... . . . - - . . . ... . . . - .%...> ‘u an an 3b Qua Sam 3w 5a wwgfi . . . . . . . . . . . = .. : wfllmummaO mwmwfi Ra fifli >93 Maia $6 magi . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. = : = Mmhufimmnfiv wwmmfi Am~£.£ . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . - . ~ . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . - . . . . - - .. .... .. ... -. - . q @$.X . . . . . . . . - . . . - - - . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . - - - . - . . - . .... -@... a no at an ow ‘u Sim. Ea Eng wmw $4. mwdfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : : = : : hmhofimmaO aamwfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - . . - . . . . . - . . - . . . . - . . . . . - - . - . . . go . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ... . . . . ....... ...‘... @..-.-; T ... 3 u. on mmq. fixm 34b we.» Sim S42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. : : hwpmemmnO mmRA . . . . - . . . ....~ -. .... - . . . - . - . ~ . . - . .... . . . . - . . . . . ... - @.u@-¢o ax-x . - . . - . . ~ - - . . u . o - . - n . - . - - - - . -¢ - a | - - | - ¢ - ¢ . i. - -i-|>auu Y on w‘ it max mmd Efiwm firm 3Q 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... : : a mwhzmmnO wwfl: mad Rd mimm mod 3a 99cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : a : wwaxzfimO n33 . . . . ....-.. . -........ . .. .. ... . . -..-.. fiabww 8mm poabxw fi< “Qua? 3a QEZO ~2§m cmwfivfi nvwobz donflanoullwwfiaumw Ho aomxmoafloO .3 wisp. THE OoMPosITIoN AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRoDUcTs. 2'7 Table 14 shows the chemical composition ot a number of sittings, which Were grouped according to the amount and the appearance ot the sittings. All the sittings analyzed are not included in the table. (In the making ot these groupings it was attempted to bring together the sittings which were apparently alike.) ' An examination ot this table shows a tendency tor the protein and tat to decrease with the fineness ot the sittings. This is not always the case, as sometimes the protein increases or remains nearly station- ary. However, it is generally the case. The crude fiber always decreaseswith the fineness ot the sittings,‘ usually abruptly. The extent ot the decrease depends upon the char- acter ot the teed, although the finest sittings are usually low in crude fiber. Table 15. Crude fiber content of sittings. _ On On On On On On On 10 14 20 28 35 48 65 Thru 22491 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.48 1.99 22375 Standard wheat shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.41 . . . . . . 11.01 10.06 . . . . . . 7.63 22364 Gray wheat shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 70 . . . . . . 5.28 . . . . . . 1.94 22206 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 08 . . . . . . 2. 78 22343 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.07 . . . . . . 5.06 . . . . . . 2 .34 22352 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.34 4.47 4.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.84 r 22209 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.13 6.35 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .42 22295 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 22235 Wheat gray shorts and ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 54 7.91 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 75 22217 Wheat shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 39 . . . . . . 7. 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 74 22295 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . 6.71 3.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 22270 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.29 . . . . . . 4.44 . . . . . . . . . . . . 22252 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 07 . . . . . . 6. 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.11 22469 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.32 6.56 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .43 22434 Wheat gray shorts and ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.73 . . . . . . 9. 69 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . 07 22426 Gray wheat shorts. . . .‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.81 1.90 1.09 .64 22637 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.26 3.76 1-. 14 22407 Wheat brown shorts and ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . . 7. 33 . . . . . . 6. 14 . . . . . . 2. 58 17752 Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 58 6. 63 . . . . . . 4.50 17753 Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 39 6. 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.16 17410 Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .20 7 .08 . . . . . . 2.34 22396 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.87 8.34 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.68 ‘22326 Wheat mixed fe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 20 . . . . . . 9 48 . . . . . . 8 16 . . . . . . 4 09 22447 at mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.53 . . . . .. 7.48 . . . . .. 4.54 . . . . .. 1.25 22358 Wheatbran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.51 . . . . .. 8.12 = . . . . . . . . . .. 22254 Mixed bran and wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.30 . . . . . . 9.98 . . . . . . 5.84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22395 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 . . . . . . 9. 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.53 22412 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.71 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.07 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.01 22417 Wheat bran and ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.53 . . . . . . 10.97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.10 22344 Wheat bran and screenings. . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.34 8.49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 15 is a survey ot the crude fiber content of the sittings shown in Table 14, and brings out more clearly the fiber relations. The sitt- ings marked “through” in some cases passed through a 65-mesh sieve, in others a 48-mesh, and in others a 35-mesh. This can be seen on reference to the table. The crude fiber in almost all “through” sitt- ings is less than 5 per cent. Four ot the twenty-six “through” sittings shown in Table 15 contain more than 5 per cent. fiber. Two ot these come trom wheat bran. In most cases the through sittings contain 3 per cent. or less ot crude fiber. Siftings, per cent = Crude ~‘ Name _ fiber 1 14 .- . ‘ . 14 20 48 Thru 20 '- 22491 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.68 .3 5. 6 45. 6 47.9 5 22683 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10 .1 0 11.2 89.0 f‘ 21587 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.71 0 0 35.8 64.1 - 25521 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.16 ‘ 0 0 36.4 64 .4 f 24881 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20 0 0 10.6 89.6 25638 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 76 0 0 2 .4 99.2 if 25337 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.03 0 .8 * 43. 6 57.6 s 25325 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 0 0 30. 0 71.6 é 24737 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~ . . . . . . . . . .. . 3.27 1.2 1.2 7.2 87.2 " 24649 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .42 0 0 29.6 70.4 4 24641 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.87 0 0 18. 8 82 .8 24881 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.20 0 0 10. 6 89. 6 . 24749 Red Dog Flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 0 0 0 100.0 if. 24708 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 0 0 0 100.0 " 22421 Wheat white short-s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 71 0 0 64 .2 35.5 F 24930 Wheat white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.08 .8 4.8 58.4 37.2 y 9g 22694 Rich white shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.60 .3 9.3 75.5 15.0 i‘ 22637 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.27 0 0 16.5 82.9 f 23825 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.79 0 0 2.8 96.8 22659 Wheat gray shorts. . .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.95 0 0 20. 5 78.9 22657 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 1.3 4.3 40.1 56.0 .f 22426 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.28 0 .4 35 .0 66.1 " 22697 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.20 0 .3 73.1 26.9 i 24340 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.56 0 0 8.0 92 .0 i7. 22344 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.41 0 0 87. 6 12 . 8i Z 25504 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . 1.50 0 0 64 .8 35 . 6 25315 Wheat gray shorts... . .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.16 0 0 41.6 59.6 f, 25430 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.52 0 0 . 9. 2 92 .4 24631 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.13 .4 .4 59.2 40.0 24757 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.61 0 0 33.2 68.0 [.1 23843 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . 5.40 0 1.2 63.1 37. 7 ' 23857 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.97 0 0 25.7 74.3 ' 23868 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.39 0 4 .9 61.8 33. 3 22343 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.23 1.2 8.4 71.1 19. 3 Q‘ 22295 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . 08 .2 5.1 80.9 13.8 =1? 21592 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.18 4.4 9.7 64.7 20.9 1 ’ 22270 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45 .7 6.9 73 .1 19.4 ‘g 23651 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.20 0 .4 66.1 33.5 22999 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98 .4 2. 0 49 . 2 46.4 24312 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 85 0 1.8 49. 6 46.2 ~ q 24953 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.71 .8 5.4 67 .4 25.9 . 24330 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 .48 0 1 . 2 64 .4 34.4 - , 24337 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.59 .8 2 .4 39.8 57. 6 ' 25618 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . 3.54 0 0 22.8 78.4 1f 24811 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . 3.86 1.6 3.6 40.8 56.0 s > 25590 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.91 0 1.6 44.8 54.4 , .1 _ 24849 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.93 0 3.2 49.2 48.8 . 25549 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.33 0 4.8 75. 6 19.6 j 25020 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50 1.6 11.2 57 .2 31.6 25041 Wheat gray shorts ........................... . . 4 . 63 .4 6.4 52.4 41.6 -~‘- 24872 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 77 . 0 ' 0 50. 0 51 . 2 . . . . . 24849 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . .g . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . 3.93 0 3.2 49.2 48.8 24811 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.86 _1 . 6 3.6 40.8 56.0 , 5t 24685 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.91 2.4 2.4 65.2 30.4 24654 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 26 . .4 .4 26. 8 72.4 24872 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.77 0 0 50.0 51.2 ' _ 254.20 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 0 1.6 53.6 46.4 31 25159 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.80 0 5.6 59.6 34.8 ' 5" 25068 Wheat gray shorts. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.89 4.0 _ 7.6 48.4 30.0 ' 11 25600 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.93 0 < 5.2 60.0 35.6 5 . 25704 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . .» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.98 0 0 52.4 48.8 . . . . ..* 25568 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 5 .02 0 2 . 8 66.0 32.8 "1 25689 ~ Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . .9‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.07 1.2 5.2 58.8 35.6 6 25338 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.17 1.0 5 . 2 64.0 30.8 l; 25291 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.37 4.0 7. 6 59.6 29. 6 11> 25100 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.37 .8 5 . 6 60.0 33.6 B‘ 25377 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.40 2.0 4 .4 66.4 28.8 6 . 25527 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.48 . . . . . . . 7.2 68.4 26.0 Y 1? 23816 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.27 1.2 4.9 79.3 14.6 A 6; 23865 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.93 1.2 6.5 54.4 37.9 ' 7.; 22382 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.32 5 .4 17.1 60.0 18.7 22f 22364 Wheat gray shorts and (flour middlings) . . . . . . . . . . 5. 73 .8 24.4 59.9 14.9 25 22469 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.83 1.3 7 .2 54 .1 37.3 8f 23637 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.66 .4 2.5 79.8 17.3 2 . 22979 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ . . . . . . . 6.18 0.8 4.8 67.6 24.4 5‘ 24308 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 70 0 3.2 54.8 37.0 '31 24940 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.20 4.7 13. 7 61.1 20.4 18f 25206 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13 0 2.6 . 72.3 25.5 21 25261 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. 63 .8 12.2 64.9 ' 22.2. _1 s Q J 28 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIoN. r Table 16. Crude fiber content of feed and percentage of siftings. Wheat gray shorts and ground wheat screenings. .. Wheat gray shorts and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ 000 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts (soft- and screenings) . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._. . . . Wheat gray shorts . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat gray shorts and ground wheat screenings. . . Wheat brown shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheatbrownshorts....... ... Wheatbrownshorts . . . .. .. .. Wheatbrownshorts. . . Wheat brown shorts and ground screenings . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts. . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anchor wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat brown shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r-u-bv-I HM Nanak-a O\& wk o-INI ihr-l N: v-n-l r-l r-n-n v-n-l b-l n-A h-lh-lb-lb-l mi-u-Yoo’ oobalqbwL-Ec‘ ooioEoL-sab:i-noowa-p-baczri-lqkrlhbbioL-babkw:eninkrlokrooiokrbaba Eooo¥1§1oobl~rb¥c=Qb1l>oaiNJ¢OOOUIUIr-*:O¢5 O:MMOGONOOQMMOGMOMQOOQOOMhQDQOOOOmMr|>~InhO>vI>rI>R>tOOO0<7=¢>MhOO>Q> 30 TExAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Table 16. Crude fiber content of feed and percentage of sittings-Continued. Siftings, per cent Crude Name fiber " 14 and 14 20 48 Thru 20 22228 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.62 27.4 17 .9 45.1 10.9 45.3 22485 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . .._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.53 31.4 13.0 29.1 26.5 44.4 23806 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.91 30.8 10.8 41.7 17 .2 41.6 24265 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.89 18.4 12.0 46.8 20.0 30.4 22283 ‘Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.10 17.1 2.5 52.9 27.5 19.6 24867 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19 28.4 12 . 0 42 .4 16.8 40.4 24862 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.29 34.4 12 .4 32.0 21.2 46.8 24640 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.29 26.8 10.4 38.0 24 .4 37.4 24895 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.83 32.0 12 . 8 38.0 17.2 44.8 25022 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.68 51.2 10.4 30.0 9.6 61.6 25146 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.91 53.2 11.6 29.6 5.6 64.8 25295 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.11 26.4 10.8 36.0 26.8 37.4 24867 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .» . . . . . . 7.19 28.4 12.0 42.4 16.8 40.4 24862 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.29 34.4 12.4 32 .0 21 . 2 46.8 25296 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.52 52.0 10.0 24.0 16.0 62.0 24895 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.83 32.0 12.8 38.0 17.2 44.84 24992 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.02 54.8 15.2 23.2 6.8 70.0‘ 25057 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.18 32 . 0 10. 8 38.0 19.6 42.8- 25030 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.42 18.0 11.2 57.6 14.8 29.2 24869 Wheat- mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.45 44 .0 12 . 0 34 .4 9. 6 56.0‘ 24865 Wheat mixed feed with mill run screenings . . . . . . . 8.51 28.8 10.0 44.4 16.8 38.8- 24864 Wheat mixed feed and rice bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 65 32 . 0 10.0 40.4 18.0 42.0‘ 24688 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. 75 38.0 12.4 36.0 14.0 50.4 24626 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.09 15.6 13.2 56.4 14.8 . 28.8» 24702 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.39 49.6 7.6 30.0 14.0 57.2 24369 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.62 55.6 16.8 25.6 2.8 72.4 25051 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.58 40.8 11.6 33.2 15.6 52.4 25303 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.86 45.2 12.4 32 . 0 10.4 57.6 25490 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25126 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.95 40.4 14.4 28.4 18.0 5 25392 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.04 38.8 16. 6 33 .8 11.3 5 25528 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.45 56.0 9. 6 26.8 8.8 6 24974 Wheat mixed feed and corn bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.95 49.6 12.4 28.4 11.2 6 23961 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.94 26.0 14.4 43.8 14.4 4 21509 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.96 12.3 21.5 60.9 4.9 . 3 21254 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.15 28.5 14.2 47.2 9.7 4 . 22283 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.10 17.1 2.5 52 .9 27.5 1 22326 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.02 21 . 5 20. 7 46.2 11.5 4 23624 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.39 2 . 8 4 . 8 68. 7 23.7 . 22396 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.90 35. 3 14 .9 37.4 12 .3 5 23853 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.10 _ 2 . 0 4.4 56.1 37.5 23852 Wheat mixed feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.70 23.6 15.2 44.8 16.4 - 3 21528 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.94 24.9 16.9 47. 3 10.4 4 22423 Wheat mixed feed and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.60 24.3 19.3 49.0 7.1 _ 4 24294 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.05 14.8 ' 10.4 58.0 15.6 2 23650 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.26 22.9 23.4 42.6 11.1 4 23560 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.16 8.0 8.4 61.2 22.4 1 22414 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.38 10.2 22.8 60.7 6.4 3 . 22358 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . 8.05 25.7 24.3 44.4 4.8 5 25279 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.43 20.6 19.8 55.2 4.0 4 24890 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.29 49.6 9.2 28.0 13.2 5 . 25548 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.60 50.8 19.6 27.6 2.0 7 24890 ' Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.79 49.6 9.2 28.0 13.2 5 . 25672 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.89 26.4 10.8 46.0 18.0 37 2 25084 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.38 57.6 20.0 19. 6 3.6 77.6 22681 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.25 44.1 19.5 28.7 7.5 63.5 22422 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.05 21.1 28.1 46.7 4.0 49.2 22358 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.05 25. 7 24 . 3 44.4 4.8 50.0 22993 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.23 34.4 15.2 42.4 6.4 49.6 25455 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.18 48.4 18.4 30.0 3.2 66.8 25306 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.61 4.44 24.0 31.6 . .8 68.4 25433 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.68 58.8 13.6 24.4 4.8 72.4 24919 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11.27 77.6 14.0 8.0 1.2 81.6 25466 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.84 24 . 0 10.4 34.0 32.4 34.4 22474 Wheat bran and ground wheat screenings. . . . . . . 8.35 28.4 23 .1 40.3 8.4 51.5 25244 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 23 32.8 16 . 0 46. 8 5.6 48.8 24309 Wheat bran‘ and screenings . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.97 37 .6 15.2 29.6 8.4 52.8 24369 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.89 55.6 16. 8 25 .6 2 .8 72 .4 25518 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.97 44.4 14.0 33.2 9.6 58.4 25573 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.01 46.8 16.0 35.2 3.2 62.8 25080 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.47 58.8 14 .8 21 .2 5.2 73.6 25569 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 69 64 .4 10.4 25.2 1.6 74.8 22406 Wheat bran and ground wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . 10.88 48.2 15. 8 31.2 4 . 8 64.0 23652 Wheat bran and ground wheat screenings. . . . . . . . . 10.01 51.4 17.2 27.8 3.6 68.6 22344 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. 36 45. 3 20.8 30.0 3 . 6 66.1 22269 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.83 55.4 19.7 i 19.6 5.3 75.1 22253 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.85 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22339 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.93 66.5 15.8 16.3 1.4 22. 22395 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.30 29.82 20.22 41.37 8.24 50.54 oopooov-oammowwh-oocaoQwcowwcwmcaw» ooeoomowmwmq=qoqomwqawqa~rqomqqamqo THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUGTS. 31 Table 16. Crude fiber content of feed and percentage of siftings—Continued. Siftings, per cent Crude 14 and i-‘h Q v1 Name 48 Thru I l-l w w o w o 22325 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22327 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22412 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22274 Mixed bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22305 Wheat bran and ground screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22639 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23621 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . 22346 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24691 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25395 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24926 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25042 Soft winter wheat mill run bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22688 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25437 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25455 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25381 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24999 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25054 Soft wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 25346 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25306 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25332 Wheatbran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25433 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25288 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24919 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25352 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23005 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j . . . . 24983 Pure wheat shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . 22254 Mixed bran and wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24905 Shorts with screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24247 Mixed bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25247 Bran, shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25055 Wheat bran, shorts and screenings _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24622 Bran, shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25444 Bran, shorts and screenings mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22375 Standard wheat shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22328 Wheat bran, shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25009 Wheat bran, shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22696 Mixed bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm ww m wm mm mm »~w» mm3om§$$$%$&$§$$t§$$$$$$$3 mmwcmw»wowcmmmm»mommwa@m®bbkbbfib&b&§bL 5i:oogooooooooqqooagfi3555555555558Z5S=oC§E55oo<¢S omwwmwwwwwwwmwwm $ """""""' Qhw@Q®@OWwfiww%fl©g$2®%$§5s%g$$ggg%ggg$£ mum mwm w ~55‘:QEZZSS5T1Q$ZKE°Q=o§EE§$Q§liS5§$fi5$ii$$$§g ammnoowawwmmmaooawomwo@mb&b@@@§@¢@§@@@ mmwmmwmwwmwmww ww ww w wwww qm~mwrhr¥klxbhlhsqggpqgg mawqwaocwmomwrwowmmwwamw§§bb6&b&&@QQ6G mwa wm~mm~m~QQ@qwwm@wmwm macmmwmmwmmwwmmmmwmammwmmmb@@bQbF6§b¢§ Table 16 shows the crude fiber content and the sittings secured from a number of wheat by-products and arranged according to the» names under which they were sold. These names are not always correct. 32 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .8 m 8 : . - E 8. M, w .H. .. ... . m . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. ..E..=E.m..¢s..w Ea 5a..» 88.8.,» ‘in . - Q Q Q Q - Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q ¢ Q Q Q Q u Q u Q Q Q Q Q c Q u u a Q I a N m Q Q . Q Q Q - Q . Q Q . - Q Q . Q Q - Q Q Q - - Q . Q - - Q . - . ~ . - . . - - - - l . . . - - Q - 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8 w w m E H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EEEEQE Es 822E E05 82E . Q Q - Q Q - Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q N w w Q? w Q Q . . . Q . . Q . - . - Q Q - - Q . . Q . . Q . - Q . . - Q I Q E8 . Q Q . Q - Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q c o u Q Q Q Q Q Q 8 .8 8 N N N q q Q Q - Q . Q - . Q - Q - Q . . Q - Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q . - Q Q Q Q Q Ease 385a 8; .8 Q18 OM18 3A .8 212.8 E3 .8 Q8; .2 Q1. .. ........ . . . . . E3 am .268 8 .5 3m“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. N N fi $ % . . . . . . .. . . .} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .Q%.G@QQQQ~OW wvifi QNMQ 8n I u Q Q Q Q - a o Q Q Q I .8 w m N N Q Q Q Q Q Q o Q Q Q Q Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ~ Q Q Q Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q MN Q Q Q Q Q Q u 0 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q o u Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q I Q 0 Q Q u o a n w Q Q Q. Q Q Q Q Q Q . Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q - Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I o o u Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q o Q Q I Q Q Q Q I 8 n Q Q Q I Q Q - Q Q Q . - Q Q . Q Q Q . . Q Q - Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q o 8.? Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q .0 . Q Q Q Q Q Q . Q Q Q Q Q - Q Q Q Q I Ill Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q o Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q I Q Q Q Q O Q Q Q Q Q Q . Q Q Q o Q m Q Q Q Q Q Q . Q Q Q . . Q Q . Q . Q . . Q Q Q Q Q Q Q . - Q Q o E5. 8 s5 8; .8 8; .8 2E .8 8i .8 2L .8 8A .8 8; .2 8; E i. ................ . 8E3 am Easqso 8 Es i 5 @@ -Q... .Q -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Q -.... . . Q Q . Q Q. ... OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?@ .... .Q OI . . . . . . . . . . Q . ..~ . . Q . . . ... Q... -...... x N @ . . . . . . Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O . é M ¢ m . . . . . . a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M@§§MQUHUW tflfi mmwbogm .§.Nh@ ll II. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . - . . . .. ._@ T» ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. - . .U@H.SQHMQQMQM @Q.N wmvhnvzm SNUEB 5% .. .. ...-.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . Q . ... .. .. . . . . . . .......-......... x ....- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-..M%QH§MQQMOM€AHNM_#HQ§WQ@¢T$$NQ§B 88B _ .8 ~96 $1 .8 8A .2 H; .8 3A .8 T. ... . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 s» .958 8 .6 $@ . . . . . . . . . . . ... @ @ 3 .% ...-... ... . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Q Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .@Anu . . . . . . .. ..... ...... @ § @ é .-..-... § ......-. ...... . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..M%AMEOUMOM@~HN@®U%@Q€€QO5B .€@ . . . . . . . . . . . . ... lI/IIII ... ... ..... . fi . . . . ... % é $ fi . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . ........W%Q€HOQHOD@QNM@MO§WQBOMQ885a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .@ w... @ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MWC@QQQ.~OM wHQQ mmvhOQm %.N.Hw vflfig 5% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....MWG@CQQHOW@GNmHMOZMQQEaQNQEB 8E5. 8 s5 EI .8 8A .8 @8188 .8; 8 8A .8 2; .8 m; .8 m; ._ I. . . .. ......... . . . . .88 s» .228. 3 .6 .828 88:28. 23 E @2888 Ma .6818: Z .2 v3.8a. 33 THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A A m . w, 2 A: 2 m m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . awéAwvAow Ea .25 pawn? %@ . . . . . . . . X @ ¢ x @ fi . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . - . .@@ N ¢ aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ww~m§.~®0hbm %:HN m€hO§w mHgOHQ Pfimvga a - - n ¢ a a ¢ » u n u a o n Q - - - - u - u ¢ - n n o Q n u u u Q c a | n u o . u u Q Q Q n - - ¢ ¢ o - ¢ | . - . . ~ . - - - ~ - - - o Q Q - - - n | u | ¢ u ~ ¢ - - - - - - - ¢ | - - - - ¢ n “A m ¢ - ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ n - u Q Q Q - a u Q ~ u o n ¢ o u ¢ u u u I c Q o u ¢ n n u | u o Q u o n n 0 Q o a o 0 c | n Q | u n n n o n o u ¢ u u Q o o | - - - - ¢ - - - - ¢ n n - a o o u ¢ Q ~ u ¢ o - ¢ ¢ u - u o - ¢ - u ' - - | Q ¢ ¢ n A28. 2 s5 2A .8 8A 3 2E .2 RA 2 31A .3 3A .3 3A .8 91.8 8A .2 2A . m T. ................ . 5B8 6m AAézaco $.62? 2s A: .6 :@ . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . - . . . . - . - . . . . . - . . - . . . - - - . - . . - . - - . . - .- § fi § - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . - #@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M®Q§MQQHUM rvmmfi ¢QQ% tQNE .@@ ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . - . . .. m E % fi @ . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..WNQEQQMOW tnmfl WQMQEW GU8OMA£ P§Q§k$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x fl ¢ 3 x .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . v &_% . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - - X Aha x x .% .1 § . . . . . . . . .F . . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B 8 A26 8A .8 3A .2 EA .8 21.8 3A .3 31A...” 3A .8 8A .2 2A. ................ . .38 a» Anazge 34 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Table 1'7 shows the number of samples arranged by groups, and is a survey of Table 16. - For example, with wheat gray shorts, '74 sam- ples contained less than 1 per cent. of siftings on the Ill-mesh sieve, and 61 less than 5 per cent. on the ZO-mesh sieve. Thirteen samples of Wheat bran gave '70 to 88 per cent. siftings on the 14- and ZO-mesh sieves combined. i 35 THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. . ............................. 1mm.” 2E 2.2 $2 $8 2.: v.2 ............................................... .éwqmgwwkvwwéawhpwowwags» ..» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....$@.% .. . . . - .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..M%HEAHQQMOW@Q.fl@QQ%@QN€H.NU§a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ........ ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3wa>o 2i? Qfifiow 21.3 03.2.. QTZM Qmlfia 8153 =1. imoz fi aO . . . . . . ..... . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... v ..............................................iw®gamwwhnvmrwgflM@HO5QHMBOM@FQQ§B . . . . . . .. . ................................$X- .................................................Q%AH@AHQGMOWtg@w_khcgm>@k@5w@@gks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Swago $2: 8-2a owlla 3-2: ewfiom 23.8 $3: 21$ f. domficmnfloO fizz 8 2a 3 cO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .......................................................WWQ§MQQMCWTQGQQMQPQQZ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..@X. ...._................-........-................-.W%§.ZM@QPOWrwg@wP-mcgm>wfih@5@wga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...-.. ............-...@R.@§ .................................................m@mZQQ®-Ow@AMQM$MO§QQQ@Z8PNU§E om $>O of? =22 3A6 f. Amfiz 8 c6 . . . . - » . -.£i.aha§ -¢¢¢-¢.. -....... .-...... .........................................-.....r.......W@§rAMQQMUWt€.NQ.N-MQPQ@£B . . . . . . . . . .u....- .-..-...$@.»fiu- ........ . . . . . . .. .--. ..... ...-. u .-.-.-.@&~.¢ ..........-...-.................................W@.=%=@Qhmvm€g@w@hogwckopmfii@@wgg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..@%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..%%.@ .................................................W®G@§QQHOQtmnfiwwhnviflwwgkwfimvgg 322,0 aria 3A2. 6.3.3 Q33 3-3: 24¢ i.” m]: To dwmfi 3 :0 dwofl msoié, we wwnflmm Ho aomvsniawmw Qwfinwfiwm .3 ~59... 436 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT A STATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . ..$$.X $.§ ........ ........ ..............................................-.-.Q£~H@GQQPQWtgfit®mvitw%i@@wgg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ggohmk . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . - o . . . . a . . . . . . . . . . . » . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wmiuso 8.2a 23.3 2Z3 3-1a 3A2 .512: of? efivia 8-2: 21$. . gasexso gwaé? 2a 3 .5 ..@ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..MWQ_.HMUQHUM@Q.NQNHQ.BNQ§>? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .wwGEH®QHDm @Q.N fiflpfi wvwufia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mwfl@flwfihvm tfid mwhOgm QBOMQ. 859E . . @%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . .M@AM§HQQHUW rvgfi mfihnvgm %.NH@ . . . . Ezmao 2Z3 =33 33a 8A3 34.2. GT3.” 8A2 =32 21¢ Awsohfi. gown? *0 .6 Qwwunughwa 03.3% THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. , 37' Table 18 gives the percentage of each group. Wheat white shorts lett less than 1 per cent. When sifted on a 14-mesh sieve in 94.1 per cent. ot the samples. Wheat gray shorts lett less than .1 per cent. on the 14-mesh sieve in 66 per cent. ot the samples, and less than 3 per cent. in 88 per cent. Table 19. Crude fiber in siftings and amount of sittings. Crude fiber, per cent Siftings, per cent Orig- On On On Thru On On On Thru inal 14 20 48 48 14 48 48 24929 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.12 10.91 _10. 65 6.72 1.07 3.2 1.9 20.2 75. 24953 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.71 . . . . .. 6.85 4.94 1.20 0.8 5.4 67.4 25. 25206 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.19 2. 35 0 2.6 72.3 25 24940 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . 6.24 8.82 8.24 7. 08 1.20 4.7 13.7 61.1 20. 25185 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.36 . . . . . . 10.25 8.09 3.07 .4 6.5 62.6 30. 25261 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . 6.63 . . . . . . 9.75 7. 64 2.18 .8 12.2 64.9 22. 24921 Wheat gray shorts and screenings . . . . . . . 6.69 . . . . . . 9.90 7. 85 2.22 .4 6.0 63 .8 28. 24905 Wheat shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 31 9.94 9.57 7.19 3.59 5.2 16.5 61.5 16. 24247 Mixed bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.35 10.25 9.75 7.48 3.65 41.0 10.2 32.2 16. 25279 Wheat bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.43 8.89 8.70 7.45 1.53 20.6 19.8 55.2 4. 25219 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 77 11.07 10.66 8. 70 2.07 5.2 16.0 55.7 23. 25272 Wheat gray shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.98 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.57 6.61 0 1.6 65.6 33. 25212 Wheat shorts and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.14 10. 39 10.78 7. 37 4.20 25 .5 10.8 46.9 16. 25244 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.23 10.24 10.56 8.89 3.40 65.8 9.6 17.2 6. 25042 Soft winter wheat mill run bran . . . . . . . . . 10.90 11.62 12.74 11.10 6.65 52.0 16.4 25.6 '6. 24926 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.39 10.80 10.50 9.92 7.96 40. 7 16.6 34.1 8. 25395 Wheat bran and screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.42 12.08 10.89 11.38 6.99 41.9 19.3 35.1 4. Table 19 again shows the chemical composition ot a number ot sitt- ings. All.ot the sittings which went through the 48-mesh sieve con- tain less than 4.5 per cent. fiber with the exception ot one sample of wheat gray shorts originally containing 7.98 per cent. crude fiber, and‘ three samples ot wheat bran. The crude fiber content ot the sittings on the 48-mesh sieve are less than 9 per cent. with the exception of wheat bran. The material on the ZO-mesh sieve is in almost all cases high in fiber, _and corresponds nearly to wheat bran in composition. This is likewise the case with the crude fiber in the sittings on the 14-mesh sieve. An examination ot the various tables here presented shows a con-e siderable variation in the amount ot the sittings trom steeds ot the same name, and also in their chemical composition, especially in the crude fiber. A study ot the table shows that the sitting test would be ot assistance in the examination ot wheat products. It was shown by Bisbee at the meeting ot the Association ot Official Agricultural Chemists November, 1920, that sitting tests in combination with the determination ot the crude fiber content could be used to distinguish between wheat middlings and ground wheat bran. The sitting requirements described below are based upon the tables just presented. It a teed does not conform to these requirements in Texas, it should be considered as deficient, especially it the chemical analysis agrees with the sitting tests. It there is a disagreement be- tween the chemical analysis and the sitting test, the chemical analysis @QQmmwwQwm@w¢»6¢m 38 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Table 20. Siifting tests for wheat by-products. Not more than Not less than On 14 On 14 and On 48 Thru 48 mesh 20 mesh mesh mesh Wheat white shorts, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 . . . . . . . . . . 60 Conformity name, per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.1 82.4 . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 Less than 3.5 per cent fiber, conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.7 89. 7 . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 Wheat gray shorts, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 40 20 Conformity name, per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88.4 77.8 88.4 87.4 3.5—5.5 per cent fiber, per cent, conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.3 83.2 87.5 87.5 Wheat brown shorts, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 20 50 . . . . . . . . . . Conformity name, per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85. 7 100 90.5 . . . . . . . . . . ' 5.5-6.5 per cent fiber, per cent, conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 78.8 82.5 . . . . . . . . . . Wheat mixed feed, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 60 20 10 Conformity name, per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 86.3 100 82.3 6.5-8.5 per cent fiber, per cent conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 93.5 100 84.7 should have the more Weight, as the feeding value depends upon the chemical analysis which does not necessarily depend upon the fine- ness of material. It could not be expected that the siftings in all cases would coincide with these groups, for some of the feeds may be incorrectly named. > . Table 20 shows the suggested sifting standards for wheat by-products. Wheat white shorts should as a rule contain less than 1 per cent. ma- terial on a 14-mesh sieve, and 94 per cent. of the samples examined conform to this requirement. There should be less than 5 per cent. on the 14-and '20-mesh sieve combined, and 82 per cent. of the samples conform to this requirement. Wheat White shorts should contain not less than 60 per cent. material which should pass through a 48-mesh sieve, and 70 per cent. of the samples examined conform to this re- quirement. s i a The wheat by-products were also arranged in groups according to the crude fiber content of the original feed, and the siftings tabulated. Table 21 shows the percentages of samples which fall into each of the groups named. 39 THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE OF WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. 503w mason. E wwflfifi Ho wwapmuuhom Am 28G. . . . . . . . . .. ........ . . . . . . . . . . .. fifi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..HQ§@ Qwvfikvfimwo h0>o ...-.- -.xin% n-u- u... . - . - - - - . . . . . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - . - - .. ¢ n ¢¢¢ -¢~¢¢--¢ .-.--. .-.....-....-..........~...-....-¢%@Qm@©=%@ . . - . . - .. OI - - - . . - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . ¢ - - . - - -. ---.-. ..........................-......¢m@nm@wp.fi$ . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . QUDLQ aflwo MQQ 3 5 . @313 .3 3:3 .3 3:3 .2. El .3 3A .3 3; .3. 3T3 .3 3:3 .3 3:3 .3 3|¢ i->-i§. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . - . - . . . - - . . - . - . - . . . .. . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . - - u . - - . . . . - - . . . . . . . » . - . . . - . . . . . . . . - - - . . . - - . . . . . - - . . . . - . - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -@ . . . - . . - . . . . - . . . - - . - . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -¢. . ¢--..-. . - ¢ . - . - . . - . . . - - - . . . . . . . . Q - - . - . .- . . - . . . - - . - ... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . n - - . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . . . - . . . . . . . . . ... . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .M®@@ ®@5.~D @500 MQQ 5.528 mmmg . nwsobfi. @313 .3 3:3 .3 313 .3. El .3 2T3 .3 3A .3. 3T3 .3 313 .3 3A .3 31¢ - - . - . - - ¢ - - - - ~ - . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OIIO -X§-.? .-. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . ..- ¢- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...> - ¢ . . . . . . - . . . - . .. 4 . - . - . - -¢ .-.-.. . - - Q - - ~ - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 963w Jams wmazaou 3 E8 3 =0 Ia .8>O $3.3. 8-38 $3.2“. 3-3.2. 213.3 $3.3 313.3 315m f. . . . . . . - ... . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . - . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . - . - -.~.¢~Bm - - . . 1-. .................................-.»®Q.m . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . ~ . ¢ . . @..Y...-.-. .-.-.P.... > ...-.. u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. ...-..... .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..MQ@.@QUQHO_.~QQO qflfiumfi S .6 Ia .8>O 8-3.3 21.2. 31.38 o”; .8 8A .3 3L h i.” mi .0 Tc Q 40 Since the above was written, the second annual report of the Division of Feed Inspect-ion, Minnesota State Dair been received, tempted to sample.” a It is well known that the composition of screenings varies to a very great extent. The physical examination of a number ofsamples of screenings collected for the purpose of investigation is given in Table BEAN IN RED DOG FLOUR. COMPOSITION OF p p in which Halverson makes a wheat, and presents some tests from a difiere 22, and the chemical analysis in Table 23. SOREENINGS. Table 22. Physical examinations of wheat screenings. TExAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. y and Food Commission, has study of the millingof nt point of view. He at- separate the bran material from the flour material by grind- ing, and sifting several times through an 80-mesh sieve, until no more floury or germ material passed through. He separated bran particles from red dog fiour and middlings in a similar way, and proposes this method to ascertain the per cent. of bran particles in red dog flour, and uses it to ascertain which streams into the red dog flour. He also proposes to use the ratio of protein to ash for the same purpose. “As long as the ash is equal to, or greater than the fiber, the product has a tolerable amount of bran in it. the ash is less than the fiber it is advisable to separate, regrind, deter- mine the exact amount of bran, a11d decide Von the legality of the of by-products should not go Wheat Corn Millet or whole or Speltz Cob, Cheat whole or broken Corn Milo broken and oats straw, chaff weed seed chops wheat or oats ‘6727 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69.80 8.95 3.15 1.45 15.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6734 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 88.55 2.80 1.50 4.45 2.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6735 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 98.05 1.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6736 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63.05 . . . . . . . . .. 15.30- . . . . . . . . .. 20.20 1.45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6737 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57.50 . . . . . . . . .. 14.45 5.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22.05 6746 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95.75 1.30 1.90 1.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6769 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97.95 1.30 .50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '6902 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64.35 24.30 5.45 5.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6915 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49.60 17.30 23.90 1.10 3.00 5.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '6917 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 80.15 , 1.30 11.95 .95 5.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6919 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.00 52.70 20.20 . . . . . . . . .. 9.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . .. *6930 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99.75 . . . . . . . . .. .25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '6932 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99.60 . . . . . . . . .. .20 .20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6935 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97.65 .80 1.35 .20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ‘6938 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 92.75 1.45 3.35 1.90 .55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6940 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81.20 14.95 3.70 .15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6951 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91.60 3.90 3.85 .65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '6995 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 86.65 10.45 2.75 .15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10783 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71.65 18.90 8.35 1.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10790 . . . . . . . . . . .. 92.80 4.25 2.00 0.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10791 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90.50 7.65 1.20 0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10797 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99.33 0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10805 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 97.80 1.10 1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 198 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78.25 20.05 . . . . . . . . .. 1.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10199 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87.65 . . . . . . . . .. 8.20 3.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10667 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78.05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.95 . . . . . . . . .. 1.00 10668 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77.70 . . . . . . . . .. 1.15 23.15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10669 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96.30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10670 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85.35 2.45 4.60 7.60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10671 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 90.90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.30 . . . . . . . . .. 10672 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61.35 5.35 8.55 16.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.00_ . . . . . . . . .. 10673 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79.35 1.10 3.30 16.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10674 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74.85 . . . . . . . . .. 0.80 7.80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.90 .65 10675 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68.97 7.55 1.60 1.43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.45 . . . . . . . . .. 10676 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37.48 . . . . . . . . .. 7.35 52.22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .. 2.40 .55 10677 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 94.65 . . . . . . . . .. 1.00 1.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.80 . . . . . . . . .. 10678 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46.25 . . . . . . . . .. .25 2.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50.75 10679 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81.95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.65 . . . . . . . . .. -10680 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2.60 ' 3.40 . . . . . . . . .. 2.30 . . . . . A . . . .. If THE COMPOSITION AND VALUE or WHEAT BY-PRODUCTS. 41 iThe screenings are all from ‘flour mills, and do not include any vator screenings. The amount of whole and broken wheat in them lies from 18.15 per cent. t0 99.70,per cent. The quantity of chaff d oats in them varies from 0 to 52.7 per cent. The amount of cob, aw, and chaflf varies from 0 to 23.9. Weed seed varies from 0 to One sample contained 22.05 per cent. milo. account of the great variation in the composition of screenings diflicult to say what should be the average composition. A con- 4 eration of the table shows, however, that the screenings have feeding iue, since they consist largely of wheat, corn, oats, or milo. The y lsence of whole weed seed is objectionable, and the screenings should i; ground in order to destroy their germinating power. gThe screenings here discussed are mostly from comparatively small ls, and have not been re-treated, as in the case with the screenings some of the larger mills. They are also different from elevator ienings, probably containing less weed seed. Table 23. Composition of wheat mill screenings, per cent. Nitrogen Protein Fat Crude free Water Ash fiber extract Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.43 2.06 6.11 61.95 8.57 4.88 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.53 - 3.10 2.48 58.62 8.79 4.48 . . .Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.03 6.53 3.21 52.48 9.05 3.70 ~ Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.25 1.52 3.46 67.44 9.46 1.87 ‘ Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.20 1.69 5.48 65.65 9. 50 2.40 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. 70 2.16 6. 74 60. 71 10.97 2.72 heat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.62 2.07 5.22 64.81 8.64 2.64 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.50 2.16 6.09 58.60 10.72 7 .93 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.81 2.31 5.72 61.97 10.07 3.12 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.78 1.66 3.44 65.92 10.14 2.06 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.93 1.55 3.84 53.98 15.50 10.60 heat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.97 ' 2.04 7.07 63.87 8.81 3.24 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.32 2.21 2.93 66.55 10.44 2.55 ' eat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.41 2.33 4.48 68.29 9.62 2.87 __ Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.13 1.97 3.41 69.00 9.22 2.27 I Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.96 3.86 5.47 62.84 7. 77 3.09 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.78 1.87 3.02 68.25 8.78 2.30 = Wheat screenings.‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.18 2.35 5.94 65.00 10.13 3.40 ~ Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.66 1.96 , 5.72 63.04 11.42 3.20 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.71 2.36 4.43 67.46 9.27 a 2.77 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,. 90 2.64 5.50 61.62 11.19 3. 15 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.54 1.81 6.54 65.49 10.10 3.51 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.80 1.95 g 4.11 64.77 9.81 2.56 - Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11.58 2.30 3.01 69.23 t 9.25 V 4.63 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.46 2.29 2.52 67. 76 10.81 2.17" A Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.49 1.92 4.28 65.14 9.57 2.60» g Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.69 2.40 8.09 60.24 8.92 5.66 ,1 Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.24 2.00 5.54 63.76 10.29 3.17‘ a Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.25 1.93 4.17 64.26 8.78 2.61; ' -Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.54 2.05 4.40 66.96 8.42 2.63; Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.61 1.92 3.40 66.37 9.55 2.15, v Wheat screenings; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. 79 2.07 3,25 63.20 10.25 244i Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.07 4.38 9.05 52.68 7.36 91461 _ Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.94 2.38 4.24 65.12 8.29 2.03 r Wheat screenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.33 2.21 7.78 61.01 9.75 3.92 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.67 2.32 5. 32 63.43 9.64 3.62 ACKNOWLEDGMENT. cknowledgment is due S. E. Asbury, John B. Smith, Velma Gra- , Dona Newland, Gussie Brockman, and other members of the for laboratory and other work on this bulletin, and to Mr. F. D. ‘gr, of the Feed Control Service, and Mr. L. A. Fitz, of the Kansas lcultural College, for helpfulsuggestions. ‘a 42 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. This bulletin discusses the chemical composition and feeding value a standards adopted by the together with standards pro- of North America. of wheat by-products. The definitions and Texas Feed Control Service are given, posed by the Association of Feed Control Ofiicials A standard of 9 per cent. fiber for wheat middlings would permit a large percentage of bran particlesin this product, and be unjust to mills making a better product. The composition, digestibility, by-products are given. Feeding tions are used to check the calculated productive values the feeds. ' and production coefficients of wheat tests made at other experiment sta- of some of Whole wheat alone had 84.7 per cent. of the calculated productive i value of ground wheat,and whole wheat and tankage had 92.8 per cent. of the productive value of ground wheat a.nd tankage calculated from feeding tests on hogs at the Missouri Station. The-calculated productive values of corn, wheat, and middlings agree? well with the productive values calculated from feeding experiments with pigs at the Ohio Experiment Station. The use of wheat by-products in feeding Sifting tests the adulteration or misbranding of wheat by-products. standards for sifting tests are given. Sitting tests in connection with the chemical analysis. The composition of a number of samples of wheat screenings is given. A is discussed briefly. are studied for the purpose of using them in detecting Suggested must be considered 4