TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BIZZELLQPreQldenQ BULLETlN NO. 299 AUGUST, 1922 VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS 4e . 6- UL 1:9‘ r f? L552}? 1FWFTCHA x,é;};j= A y “CIVIC; A B. YOUNGBLOOD, DIRECTQR, COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS A89-822-12M-L STATION STAFFT ADMINISTRATION B. YOUNGBLOOD, M. S., Ph. D., Director CHARLES A. FELKER, Chief Clerk A. S. \VARE, Secretary A. D. JACKSON, Executive Assistant CHARLES GoRzYcxi, Technical Assistant M. P. HQLLEMAN, JR., Assistant Chief Clerk VETERINARY SCIENCE *M. FRANCIS, D. V. M., Chief H. SCHMIDT, D. V. S., Veterinarian J. J. REID, D. V. M., Veterinarian CHEMISTRY G. S. FRAPS, Ph. D., Chief; State Chemist S. E. AsBuRY, M. S., Assistant Chemist S. LOMANITZ, M. S., Assistant Chemist J. B. SMITH, B. S., Assistant Chemist WALDO WALKER, Assistant Chemist HORTICULTURE H. NESS, M. S., Chief W. S. HoTcRKxss, Horticulturist ANIMAL INDUSTRY J. M. Jones, A. M., Chief; Sheep and Goat Investigations _ R.M. SHERWOOD, B. S., Poultry Husbandman G. H. WARREN, B. S., Animal Husbandman in Charge of Swine Investigations J. L. Lusn, Ph. D., Animal Husbandman (genetics) L.‘ M. MURPHY, Wool Specialist ENTOMOLOGY . C. TANQUARY, Ph. D., Chief; State Entomologist _ . J. REINHABD, B. S., Entomologist Z E H. B. PARKS, B. S., Apiculturist C. S. Rune, B. S., Entomologist C. E. HEARD, B. S., Entomologist A. H. ALEX, B. S., Queen Breeder _ W. P. TRICE, B. S., Assistant Entomologist AGRONOMY A. B. CONNER, B. S., Chief; Crops A. H. LEIDIGH, B. S., Agronomist; Soils E. B. Rnvnonns, M. S., Agronomist; Small Grains - G. N. STROMAN, M. S., Agronomist and Supt. Farm PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY J. J. TAuBENRAusjPh. D., Chief COTTON BREEDING ' G. F. FREEMAN, D. Sc., Chief FARM AND RANCH ECONOMICS 1A. B. Cox, Ph. D.. Chief L. P. GABBARD, M. S., Farm and Ranch Economist SOIL SURVEY _ "W. T. CARTER, JR.,_B. S., Chief H. W. HAwxER, Soil Surveyor H. V. GEIB, B. S., Soil Surveyor FEED CONTROL SERVICE B. YOUNGBLOOD, M. S. Ph. D., Director . D. FULLER, M. S., Chief Inspector D. PEARCE, Inspector H. Romans, Inspector . H. Woon, Inspector uw-q W SUBSTATIONS No. l. Beeville, Bee County _ I. E. COWART, M. S., Superintendent Troup, Smith County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent No. 3. Angleton, Brazoria County . E. HAFNEB, B. S., Superintendent No. 4. Beaumont, Jeflersou _County A. H. PRINCE, B. S., Superintendent No. 5. Temple, Bell County _ D. T. KILLOUGH, B. S., Superintendent Ne. 6. Demon, Denton County _ . H. MCDOWELL, B. S., Superintendent No. 7. Spur, Dickens County _ R. E. DICKSON, B. S., Superintendent 1A5 of August 1, 1922. No. 8. Lubbock, Lubbock County B. E. KABPEB, B. S., Superintendent No. 9. Pecos, Reeves County V. L. CoRY, B. S., Superintendent No. 10. College Station, Brazos County (Feeding and Breedin Substation) L. J. MCCALL, Supermten ent No. 11. Nacogdoches, Nacogdoches County G. T. McNnss, Superintendent "No. 12. Chillicothe, Hnrdeman County A. B. CRoN, B. S., Superintendent No. 14. Sonora, Sutton-Edwards Counties E. M. PETERS, B. S., Su erintendent D. H. BENNETT, V. M. ., Veterinarian *ln cooperation with School of Veterinary Medicine, A. and M. College of Texan. "In cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture. lResigned July 1, 1922. .1 A...-.-.,‘...‘..1. s; we‘... s‘... a... BULLETIN No. 299 AUGUST, 1922 VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS BY R. E. KARPER.* Substation N0. 8 of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station is located on the High Plains, three miles east of the city of Lubbock, near the center of Lubbock County. It is midway between Amarillo and Sweetwater, near the center of the South Plains region and about seventy-five miles east of the western border of the State. The topography of the Plains in general is that of a nearly level plain with occasional shallow basins or intermittent lakes. The area of the substation farm is nearly fiat. The altitude is 3240 feet. The greater portion of- the farm. belongs to either the Amarillo or Richfield fine sandy loam type of soil underlaid with a clay subsoil which reaches down to the marl or calcareous rock below, and embraces the principal soil types of the surrounding country of the South Plains region above the Caprock line. The soil is well supplied with lime and the clay subsoil is valuable in the retention of moisture through periods of scant rainfall. - This bulletin gives briefly the results of experiments with different varieties of cotton at this substation for the ten-year period of 1912 to 1921, inclusive. During the first part of this period the variety tests were of a preliminary nature, including a large number of different varieties, many of which were dropped from year to year and new ones added as their performance seemed to justify or new varieties came into prominence. During the latter years the number of varieties car- ried has been reduced to include largely the better varieties from the standpoint of yield and staple and to permit of testing them out more thoroughly in larger areas. COTTON PRODUCTION ON THE PLAINS. The cotton production of the counties which are wholly or partly on the Plains has increased from 9240 bales in 1909 to 132,489 bales in 1919, or about fourteen hundred per cent. The counties having the largest increase were Crosby, Lubbock, and Floyd. In these counties and others above the Caprock cotton growing was practically unknown in 1909. At the present time this is the principal cash crop grown in the South Plains counties, being exceeded in acreage only by grain sorghum crops. The most rapid increase in acreage has taken place within the past four or five years. This advance in cotton growing here has developed with the testing out of numerous varieties and the *Credit is due A. L. Paschal], who had charge of this work in 1912, and to V. L. Cory, who conducted the tests from 1913 t0 1915. Credit is also due the Division of Agronomy for instituting this work and for active leadership in it up to and including 1919. Since 1919 this Work has been under the supervision of the Division of Cotton Breeding. 1 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. s Texas;agra¢s1¢ur¢i‘Exp¢ra m¢¢ ¢ooszasisn he ’ . V‘ QaehunieilgaboliegelvrlofTehe swfarsoig, h Fig. 1. Showing the distribution and production of cot_ton in Northwest Texas as_ of _the 1919 Censu: One dot equals 100 bales. The Caprock separatmgjhe Hlgh and Low Plams 1s shown by the irregular l1ne traversmg the regron north and south. VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. 5 adoption of the better ones for general culture and also from the fact that experiments and general farm experience has proved that this crop is one of the most drouth resistant crops which can be grown. This increase has also been due to the influx of farmers from the eastern or cotton growing parts of the State, the freedom from the boll weevil on the Plains and success attending the growing of early maturing vari- eties. The increase in cotton growing in this section of Texas is rap- idly taking on such proportions as to be a factor in the total cotton production of the State. With an immense area of land available yet to be brought into cultivation which is suitable for cotton growing and free of serious insect pests the production of this crop here will un- doubtedly continue to increase rapidly. The accompanying map (Fig. 1) shows the distribution and produc- tion of cotton as of the census of 1919 in the Panhandle and South Plains counties of the State and shows the northern and western range of cotton production at that time. The Oaprock separating the High and Low Plains is shown on the map. While cotton growing has in- creased materially in all these counties, practically all of the extension of cotton production as shown above the Caprock has taken place in the past ten years, and it is to this area particularly that the results re- ported in this bulletin are applicable. Embracing wholly or partly a number of counties lying directly on the Plains there is a section thirty to seventy-five miles wide and one hundred and fifty miles long following around the Caprock, in which the climatic and soil conditions are such that cotton growing has been particularly successful most seasons unless unusually dry or having an unfavorable growing season or very early frost in the fall to interfere with maturity. Cotton has proven to be one of the most drouth resistant crops grown in this section and its production on the Plains is perhaps influenced adversely more often by altitude, low mean temperatures and cool nights in the late summer and early fall growing months, and consequent pro- longed maturity and ‘delayed opening, than by lack of moisture. When such is the case a large bollie crop ofttimes follows, especially with the late maturing varieties, and picking is prolonged into unfavorable and cold weather in late fall and winter months. Quick maturing varieties, which will reduce the tendency to produce bollies and permit of earlier harvesting, are essential for the depend- able and continued success with cotton growing on the Plains and ma- turity will be of even more importance in extending the area appre- ciably to the north and west. The most satisfactory results in the ex- tension of the cotton growing area in these directions will undoubtedly have to be brought about through the development and use of early maturing varieties particularly adapted to that area. THE WEATHER AND CorroN PRODUCTION. The record of the rainfall at this station by months for the ten-year period, 1912 to 1921, inclusive, is given in an accompanying table. The average annual rainfall at this point for the period for which records are available is between 20 and 21 inches. The distribution is favor- able to summer crops, with 81 per cent. of the total precipitation fall- 6 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. ing during the growing season, from April to October, ihclusive, for this period and the lowest rainfall during the winter months. The average number of days between the last frost in the spring and the first killing frost in the fall for this ten-year period is 203. The shortest season was 166 days and the longest 24:6 days, or a spread of 24 days between the earliest and the latest date of the first killing frost in the fall, and a difference of '79 days between the longest and shortest season. The mean temperature for the months of June to September is quite uniform and ranges above 70 degrees, while the mean temper- ature for October drops to 60 degrees. The cooI nights at this altitude tend to retard development and prolong maturity so that with late maturing varieties there is a tendency to produce too large a crop of bollies. ‘ The yields of cotton presented in the accompanying table for com- parison with the rainfall represents the average of the ten highest yield- ing varieties in the variety test for each year, respectively, with the exception of 1917. The variety test was a failure in that year and the yield given is the average yield of Mebane cotton produced in another test that season. Including the yield in 1917 as stated the average yield of lint cotton for this test for a ten-year period was 348 pounds. VABIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. doAAoo doom m. EEE=¢ mfifi“ .3 “mesa? Ac: F 30C?“ 58% Am. .36 T98 7K. $1 3a 2;, 8a 3a in EA mwA 8; 8A am. . . . . . . . . ..............ow§w>< wwdmv a .>oZ NNEwA P u. mo. omé ma. ww. Shh mw. ANN. DNA mv. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIIZAQA mmamm m .>oZ 8.2 as. Amfi ma; m: XYN 2d 3a 5d mA. Aw. AA. S. . . . ‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...:£..2 8A5 NASQZ 3.8 mA. mm. Ans 05m fig 3m $5 2a 25 $1M" mm. NA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :22 35% a 507A 2 .NA mod 3. Am. 2.. E. mm. mad m: Q1. mo. ma. 2w. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :22 2Y2? 3 :30 mhd o0. wo. Al. 8a wA A $4 E. hoA w? Am. mo. mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:2 wwgkm 2 AQO moi AA. mm. 3d gm fifim 3. an; mm. 3a mAA P 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :22 £5? NA .>oZ wwAm wh. v0. $4 w”: mad Q4 A04“ mm; 2a mma 003.. mo. . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :32 248m. 5.. .30 mvAm 5A mm. NAB 3. $5 2d i; 3e t: mm. 0A. mA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.32 fighemvw wm AQO Dig mfm EA mmA 2Q mm. 2w w”; wm. mwA w: om. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :22 Slum? A .>oZ Q93 $1 A0. 5a m». 5N £5 ma. wmA om. 5. wNA mo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IZNAQA cofioo =3 60D >oZ J00 43m i=4 3E. 0:3. >32 $.54 .52 huh 58A. An: c“ Amok 12cm. “mo? 0E1» 32E @5202 EA =§fiwfivhm omn$>< AWE oAaO AmoTNAmA Aérvm 53V 0A o5 .3“ v.84 o5 3 c0300 ES “o was» om§o>< o Amhh “o 35 “582/4 was 3155A o5 was HEAAEAQAQQHL R554 .522 was R554 5 5? “vfiowoe Aim B: i 29E wfiim $2282 .502 .>_£E.2 2: wfiafiwl; Q35. 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. THE Tnsr or VARIETIES. The cotton varieties were grown in rows three feet apart and the plants spaced a uniform distance apart in the row by measurement and count. The row space to the plant was usually eighteen inches, except in earlier years when the space was twelve inches. Up until 1920, dur- ing which time a large number of varieties were tested each year they were planted in plats of one one hundred and tenth acre in size and replicated from two to three times. Since 1920 the plats have been one-sixteenth acre in size and duplicated. In each instance the plats have been protected by proper guard rows. The yields recorded are the average for the variety. ‘ Uniform and clean cultivation was. practiced. No commercial fer- tilizer or barnyard manure was used in these tests. All tests were conducted under dry land conditions and grown on areas in established rotations; however, the land on which these variety tests were grown was ofttimes-preceded by a green manure crop or fallow. The green manure crop consisted of sorgo plowed under when in full boot. When planted on land thus treated as well as that fallowed the previous year the varieties in these tests as a whole were given an advantage in the way of moisture and plant food which permitted maximum production and gave yields above the average for the season. A separate table is given presenting the results of cotton variety tests for each year from 1912 to 1921, except the year of 1917, when the variety test of cotton was a complete failure. The results are reported for each variety in the experiment each year. The varieties are listed in the tables in order of their rank in yield. 1912 AND 1913. Tables Nos. 2 and 2A give the yields of seed cotton for the varieties _ tested in 1912 and 1913 and include twenty-four and thirty-three vari- eties, respectively. The linting per cent. and lint yield were not ob- tained in these two seasons. In 1912 the upland long staple varieties were among the best pro- ducers, but N0. 669 Burnett, which is a short staple and small boll variety, was outstanding in yield above all other varieties. _ It will be noted that Sea Island and Yuma, two typical long staple varieties, produced very low yields this year as they did also in all future years during which they were tested. In 1913 six varieties produced above 1000 pounds of seed cotton to the acre. No. 4'79 Toole produced 1511 pounds of seed cotton and was the best yielding variety. Favorable yields were made by some of the better staple varieties but the shorter staple varieties are the more prominent in yield this year. VARTETIES or COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. 9 Table 2.—Cotton Variety Tests in 1912. Varieties arranged in order of yield of seed cotton. _ Acre yield T. S. Variety Name pounds No. seed cotton 669 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.8 11s Clarksville Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .§ 487.1 121 Allen’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 425.0 2 Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 403. 1 128 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 388. 5 122 Cook’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 365. 6 24 Ferguson Round Nose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .\ 350.0 74 Allen’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 .3 8 Brabham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 325.0 11 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 318.8 120 Burns’ Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.5 15 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290. 6 1 Cleveland Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253. 1 119 Keenan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.6 3 Columbia Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.6 16 Crowder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234.4 14 Unknown Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203. 1 5 Allen’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . .p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.0 7 Burns Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 .3 » 79 Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178. 1 78 Hendricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.9 77 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168.8 10 Yuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 17 Sea Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 Table 2A.—Cotton Variety Tests in 1913. Varieties arranged in order of yield of seed cotton. _ _ Acre yield, T. S. - Variety_Name pounds No. seed cotton 479 Toole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511 . 12 472 Peterkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168.75 475 Texas Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 . 00 476 Texas Oak . . . . . . . . 1069. 75 469 Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . 1046. 30 446 Simpkin’s Prolific. . . - 1022. 60 669 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949.80 16 Crowder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860. 75 443 Half and Half. . . 818. 60 152 Mortgage Lifter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804. 00 700 Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.87 128 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792.83 444 Haagafs Ex. Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759. 9O 698 Mebane Triumph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754. 00 478 Allen’s Imp. Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750. 75 348 Black Rattler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724. 60 135 Union Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720. 50 415 Huffman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714. 90 412 Foster’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699.85 486 Roberts’ Bi Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669. 60 118 Clarksville ong Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662. 75 129 Edgeworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648.83 77 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 . 5O 170 Hartsville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635. 25 474 Truitt.’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616. 00 414 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.80 14 Unknown Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550. 00 7 Burns Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532.00 413 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531.66 11 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473. 00 130 Bank Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415.25 473 Willets Red Leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378. 12 10 Yuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.25 1914. The performance of the varieties in the test in 1914 isespecially in- teresting because this season was particularly favorable to cotton pro- 10 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. duction and the best yields of the ten-year period were made this year. The planting was made May 12 in duplicate. The plants were thinned when about siX inches high to a stand of ten inches between plants. ' The abundant rainfall from April to August followed by a‘ dry Sep- tember enabled most varieties to mature well a heavy yield which was harvested in from three to five pickings of all varieties. The per cent. of lint, yield of seed cotton and yield of lint is given for fifty-seven varieties of cotton in the test in 1914. Thirty of these varieties yielded above a bale to the acre and thirteen yielded over 600 pounds of lint to the acre. The season of 1914 was very favorable to cotton production because of abundant rainfall well distributed and a growing season of about average length. The early spring rains per- mitted a rapid and early development of the young plants. In this season of favorable weather conditions and high production it is worthy of note that the varieties of superior length of staple do not in general come among the highest yielders. Data on the number of bolls required to make a pound of seed cotton and the total number pf bolls to the stalk were obtained from the dif- ferent varieties. It is worthyiof note that the highest yielding varieties were generally small bolled cottons and carried a large number of bolls to the stalk. VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. 11 Table 3.——Cotton Variety Test in 1914. Arranged in order of yield of lint. Acre Acre No. Bolls Per yield yield T. S. _ to the cent pounds pounds No. Variety Name i-————-———— lint seed lint Pound Stalk cotton 469 Hawkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 19 34. 2 2116 2 723. 7 476 Texas Oak. ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 18 34. 7 2035 1 704. 9 485 Cleveland Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 16 32. 7 2355 9 680.8 783 King . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 . 16 34.1 1944 3 663.0 446 Simpkin’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 16 33.3 1973 9 656.2 480 Culpepper’s Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 14 30.8 2103 4 647. 8 474 Truitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 14 31 . 5 2059 8 645.2 699 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 16 30.4 2129 9 640. 5 481 C00k’s Imp. Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 14 30. 9 2056 6 634.9 487 Dongola Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 14 29.8 2133 3 634.7 700 Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 13 28.9 2129 2 613. 1 698 Mebane Triumph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10 34.2 1779 3 604.8 ‘ 472 Peterkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 16 35.3 1702 3 601 .5 443 Half and Half . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 12 35.4 1650 0 587.9 415 Huffman . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 13 30.0 1930 1 585.0 496 BroadwelPs Double Jointed . . . . . . . . . 55 10 32. 9 1766. 9 580. 9 479 Toole....._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. s9 21 33.3 1717.4 571.1 482 Bohler’s Triple Jointed . . . . . . .- . . . . . . 54 14 31 .8 1632.4 561 . 1 938 Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10 32.8 1689 2 555. 61 445 Webber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 16 26 6 2082. 1 553.8 941 Triumph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 1 1 33 1 1664. 5 550. 9 135 Union Bi Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 16 29.9 1831 5 548. 1 129 Edgewort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 16 32. 9 1625. 3 534. 7 7 Burns‘ Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 10 30. 5 1755.0 534. 1 152 Mortgage Lifter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 12 29.7 1959. 0 533.4 475 Texas Wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 17 32.3 1635. 0 531 . 5 411 Hite’s Early Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 22 31.7 1668. 6 528. 7 130 Bank Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 15 32.7 1590.5 519.4 16 Crowder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 17 30.2 1845 3 513.7 414 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 15 29.8 1625 0 500.0 466 YVebber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 16 27 . 6 1781 4 491 . 6 504 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 15 30.7 1586 1 486.8 413 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 13 28. 5 1715 6 484. 1 486 Roberts’ Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 13 30.8 1568 9 482.3 483 Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 13 29 . 1 1667 . 9 ' 481 . 6 11 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 11 33.0 1419.3 465'.6 118 Clarksville Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 14 28.2 1628.0 460.7 412 Foster’s Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 15 29. 0 1508. 4 437.4 939 Floradora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 15 27 . 4 1571 . 0 433 . 5 444 Haga’s Early Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . 95 14 26.6 1591 . 9 430.0 495 Hendricks . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 14 32. 5 1289. 1 421 . 1 498 Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 15 28. 5 1465.1 418. 6 14 Unknown Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 11 27.1 1544.1 418.0 942 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 10 33.3 1243.0 413. 1 77 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 13 29. 5 1482.2 410. 3 348 Black Rattler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 11 24.2 1509. 1 363. 7 170 Hartsville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 12 29. 5 1223 . 1 362. 8 473 Willefs Red Leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 19 34. 6 1039. 1 350.9 478 Allen’s Imp. Lon Staple . . . . . . . . . . . 92 16 29. 0 1175. 7 340. 8 494 Cann0n’s World kinner . . . . . . . . . . . 49 14 30. 7 961 .4 294.4 940 Pemiscot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 16 27. 1 1067. 1 289. O 470 Sunflower Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 16 26. 6 1025.8 277.8 471 Dillon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 25 33.1 649. 7 214. 6 477 Webber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 . . 26 9 545.2 147.0 484 Keenan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7 24 5 314.9 77.1 10 Yuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 4 29.2 49.5 14.5 958 Sea Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. 8 53. 3 13.8 1915. The yields of. forty-four varieties in 1915 are reported. This season represents one of abundant rainfall, well distributed, and a long grow- ing season, and was in general favorable to cotton but not as favorable as the preceding year. The first killing frost in the fall occurred November 12, or twelve days later than normal. The planting was done w inches apart in the row. 11d waskiinjuIei-gswfilelvgii iveral. days of high winds and driftégfils“ '§Iji§ll? l3 er, Io a ft” 1.111s plants were set back and preven e l rom making a good growth early. 1ia§1qjfl1§ hihmts €¢hinii§ mo pa: “o 5mm»: o5 wEBosw woEEww wwnfioU d iwm w VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. 1o Of the better staple varieties Allen’s Express, Acala, Trice, Express and Durango, the first mentioned was the only one which yielded as much as the average of all varieties. Allen’s Express also gave a high yield in 1916. ' Beginning with 1918 the grade of lint and length of staple data are included in the tables. The samples were graded and stapled by spe- cialists from the Bureau of “Markets of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture and the Extension Service of the Texas Agricultural and Mc- chanical College, co-operating from 1918 to 1920 and by the Division of Cotton Breeding of the Experiment Station in 1921. ' The data on length of staple is of value in arriving at the acre value of different varieties where a known premium is paid for extra staple length. No attempt is made to analyze the varieties each year from this standpoint, but with the yield and staple given for each variety the necessary premium to give acre profit can be easily arrived at. Table 6.—Cotton Variety Test in 1918. Arranged in order of yield of lint. _____ - Acre yield in pounds, T. S. _ Per Length Grade of ———-————————— No. Variety Name cent of staple, lint Seed lint l inches cotton Lint 3056 Improved Champion . . . . . .. 3728i 5 /8 S M 1474 57 475 12 3000 F. G. 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.95\ 15/16 S M 1209.99 434 78 3047 Sim kins’ Prolific . . . . . . . . . . 35. 17 15/16 M 1327.73 423 29 3046 Ear y King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.34 7/8 S L M 1017.50 399 41 3022 Bank Account . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.72 7/8 S L M 1020.93 398 75 3028 Cook 588 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. 61 5/8 M 1096.56 393 58 3030 Cook 931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.07 5/8 M 952. 18 385 00 3006 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35.31 7/8 S L M 1350.69 363 72 3004 Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.38 1 L M 1125.02 354 89 3027 Wannamaker . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38.21 7/8 S M 936.71 323 12 3045 Allen’s Express . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.47 1 3/16 M 1129.21 302 5O 3037 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40.27 1 G M 811.24 302 50 3002 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38.88 1 1/16 S L M 923 88 284 48 3040 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39.44 7/8 G M 737 34 269 83 3033 Slmpkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.59 5/8 M 782 03 269 83 3036 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.82 1 M 756 25 268 29 3029 Kin X Triumph . . . . . . . . .. 37.77 3/4 M 811 24 262 95 3026 C00 ’s Silk [long Staple. . . . 36.15 3/4 M - 783 75 250 O3 3020 Surecrop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35.69 7/8 S L M 859 10 239 96 3044 Cleveland Big Boll . . . . . . . . 35. 06 15/16 M 701 24 220 00 3025 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.66 1 1/8 S M 663 43 219 01 3057 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.48 1 1/16 E M 667 O5 209 82 3063 Trice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30.85 1 3/16 M 783 54 199 37 3048 Kasch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37.72 1 S M 598 12 190 30 3034 Ferguson Round Nose. . . . . 29.49 3/4 G M 785 81 189 03 3062 Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.37 1 1/8 M 804 37 178 64 3023 Wannamaker . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38.63 5/8 G 1N1 724 80 177 07 3061 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33.08 1 1/8 S M 556 87 162 14 3035 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31.62 15/16 G M 605 00 158 73 2995 Union Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . ., 35.25 3/4 M 476 95 139 20 2998 Vandivefs Heavy Fruiter. .1 36.92 15/16~ S M 358 35 98 16 2997 Matchless Ex. Ey. Big Boll.l 33.33 7/8 l G M 558 46 77 31 Q 1919. Forty-three varieties were tested in duplicate plats in 1919. Plant- ing was done with a lister planter May 16 and the cotton thinned to eighteen inches between plants July 2. The climatic conditions this year were very favorable. The rainfall was above normal and well dis- tributed. The growing season was longer than normal, the late killing frost in the fall giving an ample growing season. High winds were not prevalent so that little damage resulted to non-storm resistant varieties. The frequent and heavy rainfall in October.- however, did materially lower the grades of lint from all varieties. ' 16 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIoN. Union Big Boll, Burnett, Cleveland, Half and Half, Mebane T. S. No. 3676, and Cook were the six best yielding varieties. Of these varieties the Mebane carries desirable storm resistance and size of boll qualities which are lacking in the others. l Snowflake, Acala No. 5, and Allen’s Express were the highest yield- ers of the longer staple varieties and stood well up toward the top of the list this season. Neither of the Acala cottons tested this year gave the expected length of staple.* ' Table 7.-—Cotton Variety Test in 1919. ' Arranged in order of yield of lint. Acre yield in pounds, T. S Per Length Grade No Variety Name cent of staple, of lint Seed lint inches cotton Lint 3674 Union Big Boll . . . . . .' . . . . . . 36.01 3/4 S G O 1567. 60 532. 11 4226 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.94 3/4 L M 1333.75 421.75 3673 Cleveland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.60 7/8 S L M, T 1192.81 409.87 3675 Half and Half . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. 69 3/4 L M 1148. 12 407.74 3676 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.50 3/4 S L M 1062. 18 393.30 3707 Cook . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . .. 41.83 3/4 S L M, T 959.05 356.86 3670 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . .. 35.65 1 1/8 S L M 924.68 316.14 3659 Acala No. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35.16 1 S L M 924.68 301.99 3045 Allen’s Express. . . . . . . . . . . . 34. 29 1 1/8 L M 1024.37 287.08 3639 Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32.84 1 S L M 914.37 283.86 3645 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32.43 3/4 L M, T 892.02 270.97 3656 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4733.92 1 S L M, T 842.18 269.01 3657 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '_ 35. 25 1 1/16 S L M 797. 5O 266.32 3637 Express . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . 31 .62 - 1 1/16 L M 859.37 264.94 3634 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' 37.97 3/4 L M 680.62 255.28 3655' Ferguson Round Nose. . . . . - 30.26 7/8 S L M, T 862.81 253. 17 3635 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. 3 37. 17 7/8 L M 701 .25 248.07 3647 Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.66 S L M 697.81 237.06 3671 Webber 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 32.44 1 L M, T 768.27 236. 69 3672 Hartsville 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?31.42 1 3/16 L M 752.80 236.54 3646 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533.33 7/8 L M 670.31 223.41 3642 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . £33.72 7/8 L M 653.11 209. 17 3638 Boykin . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z 36.25 3/4 S L M' 598. 12 206 56 3661 Chisholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [33.33 7/8~ S L M, T 625.62 203.30 3666 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g 32.60 1 1/8 S L M, T 642.31 201.01 3636 Triumph (406) . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.76 ._ 3/4 S L M, T 570.61 196.89 3632 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.58 7/8 S G O 594.68 193.06 3640 Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . .1. . . . . 38.78 7/8 M, T 507.02 191.46 804 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.58 7/8 S G O 567.18 183.01 3637 Kasch . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . 35.59 _ 7/8 S L M, T 512. 18 182.28 3650 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.92 ‘ 7/8 S L M, T 544.84 180.31 3654 Willis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.17 1 L M 512.18 178.97 3658 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.03 7/8 M, T 625. 61 178 75 3660 Truitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37.09 1 1/16 S L M 450.30 167.02 3644 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.33 » 1 S L M 498.43 166.13 3649 den . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31.95 7/8 S L M, T 546.56 166.06 3633 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.14 1 L M 429.68 159.58 3669 Kekchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27. 90 .1 S L M 587.81 156. 78 3668 Foster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.08 1 L M 548.27 137.62 3665 Buckelew Big Boll . . . . . . . . . 35.71 1 S L M, T 366.09 129.19 3664 Gilstrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.94 3/4 S L M, T 381.55 121.71 793 Belton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28.02 1 . L M 372 96 101.93 3662 Harvell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.33 7/8 S L M, T 161 56 51.02 ' 1920. The number of varieties was reduced to eleven in 1920. These were grown in duplicate in one-sixteenth-acre plats. The annual rainfall for the yearwas below normal. The distribution, however, was good. More- over, a good supply of stored soil moisture carried over from 1919 pro— vided conditions rather favorable to cotton. The first killing frost was only two days later than normal and a fairly large bollie crop was produced by some varieties which reduced their yield of lint. *For a comparison of the staple of all varieties grown at stations at different points in the State see bulletin No. 266, The Staple of Texas Cotton. N VARIETIES or COTTON IN Nonrnvvnsr TEXAS. 1.4 Burnett, Mebane, and Lone Star gave the highest yields in the order named. The yield of Lone Star was reduced by the larger crop‘ of bellies. Durango stood first among the better staple varieties. Table 8.—Cotton Variety Testiin 1920. Varieties arranged in order of _lint yield. Acre yield in pounds T. S. Per Length Grade ——————-i-——-—-— No. Variety Name cent of staple of lint Seed _ hnt inches cotton Lint 4226 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33.89 1 S L M 1936.0 582 67 4120 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37.38 3/4 S L M 1336.5 477 09 4119 Lone Star. . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.32 1 M 1204.5 398 09 3150 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.01 1 M 1028 5 315 72 793 Belton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.00 1 1/16 M 951 5 287 40 4116 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31.36 1 1/16 M 1001 0 281.57 4114 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.13 1 1/8 S L M 259.13 4131 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.47 1 1/8 M 770 0 230.75 4117 Kasch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34.74 5/8 M 654 5 211 00 4118 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ 27.70 1 3/16 M 726 0 189 83 4115 Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.40 1 1/16 M 478 5 163 37 1921. Thirteen varieties were tested in 1921 in the same manner as the previous year. The season of 1921 was characterized by low rainfall, but this rainfall was so distributed as to make it an extremely favorable year for cotton production. The months up to’ June were unfavorable, but the ample rains in June; during which month almost one-half the total annual rainfall fell, started cotton off to a vigorous growth and the heavy setting of fruit. Light rainfall in the summer months pre- vented. excessive vegetative growth and the low rainfall in October, together with the late killing frost, were very favorable for complete maturity. The negligible rain in the fall months was ideal for har- vesting and production of high grade samples. Next to,1914 this was the most favorable year for cotton reported herein. Burnett, a small boll variety, and Lone Star, Truitt, and Rowden, three large bolled varieties, stood at the top in yield this year. The value of the better staple and larger boll varieties is apparent in such a season favorable to maturity and free from bollies. An examination of the comparative yields of the leading varieties this year with their yields in 1920, which was less favorable for later maturing varieties, shows the advantage in earliness for consistently good yields. Of the better staple cottons, Acala gave a higher yield than Duran o but produced a shorter staple. There was a wide difference in yie d between the two strains of the Mebane variety. T. S. No. 804 had a shorter staple but gave the highest yield. 18 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Jwoch-m was fiowmvm dovBom £33m .33“ Jwocso , dwwm 25A 65232 .2mo< éwzmgfl 4N2 zwmtflohu wo$oim> cofioo 2 3w we 5 c2 ofifiwhwafioo o5 mEBoaw 335mm “x5500 .m .wwm dxwq3ocm "Qopmonw 59E VARIETIES OF COTTON 1N NORTHWEST TEXAs.‘ 19 Table 9.--—Cott0n Variety Test in 1921. Varieties arranged in order of lint yield. Acre yield in pounds, T. S. Per Length Grade ——-———i————- No. Variety Name cent of staple of l1nt Seed _ . lint inches cotton Lint 4226 Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33.98 7/8 S M 1773.72 581 15 5995 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.48 1 3/16 S M 1377.08 491 24 5990 Truitt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.12 1 1/16 G l\l 1340.44 478 25 5993 Rowden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.62 1 1/8 M 1376.08 448 19 804 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.64 1 1/32 G M 1354.74 441 08 5986 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.16 1 1/8 S M 1269 17 431 58 5988 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.56 1 1/16 S M 1279 84 403 58 5994 Bennett . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .. 37.24 1 5/32 S M 1131 3O 399 97 5987 Durango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32.74 1 5/16 S M 1225 60 375 72 5992 Kasch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37.64 1 S M 948 62 338 03 5991 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33.33 1 5/16 S lVl 1016 55 334 18 5989 Mebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.89 1 1/8 G M 921 26 324 5O 5984 Belton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.64 1 1/8 S M 830 5O 273 18 COMPARISON OF LENGTH OF STAPLE AND YIELD. The table appearing below is presented for the purpose of showing the comparison between the length of staple and yield. Varieties con- sidered representative, and the best in their class, of the various staple lengths from seven-eighths to one and three-siXteenths-inch are given and their actual yields of lint to the acre recorded for the past three years for which comparable data are available. Taking the one-inch staple represented by the Mebane variety as 100 per cent., it is of value to notice the gradual decline in yield directly as the length of staple increases. The seven-eighths-inch, or shortest staple, gave an increase in yield of 20 per cent. over the inch staple and an increase of 56 per cent., or more than“ double that of the longest staple. The average per cent. gain or loss in yield is given for each class of staple. The best varieties having a length of staple from one and one-six- teenth to one and three-sixteenths-inch yielded 67.5 per cent., approxi- mately two-thirds as much lint to the acre as the best varieties having a staple of seven-eighths to one inch. ' While the results of this three-year period may not be considered entirely conclusive, they are indicative of the average results to be expected and point out the relative premium it is necessary to receive for the extra length of staple in order to make up for the loss in yield. There has been considerable emphasis placed on the production of longer staple cotton in recent years. Until such time as the premium commanded by extra length of staple is suflicient to offset the difference in yield the short staple varieties will continue to be the most profitable for the farmer to grow here. Table 10.—Showirig the relation between yield and length of lint for representative _varieties of cotton. _ _ Per Cent 3: Yield l1nt to the acre, lbs. _ Length Average Variety of lint yield of Gain inches 1-inch or loss 1919 1920 1921 Aver- staple age = 100% Burnett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7/8 421 . 75 582. 67 581. 15 528 . 52 120. 90 +20. 9 lWebane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 393. 3O 477. O9 441.08 437.15 100. O0 0. 0 Lone Star . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 1/16 270.97 398.09 491.24 386 76 88.47 —l1.53 Acala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 1/8 301.99 230.75 403.58 312.10 71.39 —28.61 Snowflake . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 3/16 316.14 189.83 334. 18 280.05 64.06 -—35.94 20 'TEXAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. SUMMARY 0F VARIETY EXPERIMENTS. Table 11 lists the yields of lint of some of the better varieties tested more or less continuously throughout this ten-year period. Each year is represented except 1917, when the variety test was a failure. Con- sideration shoiild be given this year of failure in examining the nine- year average shown in the table. This table is self-explanatory and shows the average yields of lint cotton to the acre for nine, four and three-year periods for the varieties represented. The four varieties tested for the nine-year period main- tain the same relative rank also for the four and three-year averages. 21 VARIETIES OF COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. £23 5 =25 won dwwuoiw .82» w... _ . mfiowfl ..............Fw§mm 8.2: 2.8m ............................ axéacem mR. . . . . . . .. T. . . . . . . . . . . . , .. ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..£Om.flm ........ *........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...cmfifikgc Ofiflwm. mw.wwN wmflmOuv mNHOmN mGQQM flOAwfifl _ . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....d~d0< 3M3 8.2a w»: mm 2&3 Szzfi 10:2: £58 azi 8e: 36$ 8.3.». ma? W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘ . . . . . . . . 53am mhawm 36% 23m £42. 32m 52w fiawm @952 Qowmw cmzfiq mwsmw 32: ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...¢3w281~ 2 x3 32¢ Qsmm Magi. mos? OM52... g2». mmei 55$ oweow mmefi filwfl . . . . . . . A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ésfii S wfi * was? mfizwm 5.3M 5.5“ I . . . . S? fiwwfi cmizw 32m Sat , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......:2:=m _ , -. .2» m w .8» a. _ .2» a E2 _ 82 _ 22 _ 22 £2 22 _ S2 _ 22 _ Q2 > . owwpo>< daemon 65w of 3 g5 we mzotw g 313/ doemow mwfiombtw kofion o5 Mo oEow >n uuunwoua an: .3212» owfio>=cm~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISQEEoU ......... .HUHHUHHHHUHHHHHHHUHHHHH........@@@>> . . . ..~OX.NENGBNB HQmxHHHHHHMwH ....................=mv:»$m . . . . . . . . . . . .....fi.iqfiw...........a_o>o_u ............ .. ........_=s_mH8w . . . . . . . . . ...........:2=$m . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUME... ash Q84 =e2sED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........2=>e.awm ................fi3woh . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..UwQ.NH@manoQm»C-:Hm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.3m wcoA m.:v=< I...I£flEflmgH .................... .. ............w:»e.m - - ¢ . . - ¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . - . u-u-wgix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Icmibnfl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....$w3o.~U ....EI....III. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iwook/mwxoh. ............:HHH%...HUH“£32m w=o42=>£§u ..........................wflwflflflu..¢__vawsak .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5S; ES rwi ..........o_oon. KZHIK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..wwv._axm~m.:o:< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........wE3r . . . . . .......sowwv~ ........................ ..HH:........;.=¢:»m . . . . iiaao< .iflfifiwmoZwnsoflnoms3h . . . . . .......@EBwwE.._ p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .....;8.m\:w@382 .hiniuuuuunumwuuw“mn=omwmmwego>oa ........._§€$m ................................9_éa¢=w ............:::._. .....d§5.000< Xfldm ....=¢m 2m 8E: HH@H¢HwH»HwH¢H<.;...$a=e@w@:@aw ................ . .HHHHH:.........:..x¢ou ... . .............§2=a ...... ....sea=m .........................§.E$m .. ..;sw~=3 ............2=ao2 Q. 32> 0322c“ omupw>< @033 EMU? .02 Rain .9: $2 $8? .2: 2Q “$007M d5 mmw $95M .2: $3 $2: H. .9: ma; $8? .9: wZ. $23M .9: 3w $8? .92 3v “$02M an: EN swig. nofioo noun “o v1.3 @385» v23 82 32 E2 m2: 35 22 2.: N23 .80? 23.7.1».- ‘It-Jinn nDHKwF~N> 5 nofioc ovum “o @033 0>5dadQEOU|N~ 03am. 24 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION._ x E2» o>fl23 oma$>< fi@N@NNfifi###%##fiHMfi#fi##fi#fi#fi##fi#fi#fi%fifi#M##fifi#fi##fiH wwemfi n53» 2U ,0 3 -.--¢.- ---... -.|-¢-. #0 $ 00 _ M .2: mmfi u..nuo.u~ ¢¢-o|-- ---|.. .».-... $02M do: 2Q $00M M d5 0mm .5. zflfi: $02M d5 m5 ...- -¢ $02M .95 0E. h»... a8... $000M d5 0E. 0h m: $02M an: 8w fir: .02.: $00~M .2: 3v $007M d“: mhw $2: 3 =2 .................=o>uumm ........0.oZ oEZwfiaI .........~o$=ub 553E nlo>mwzu> ...H..............:o=~Q 110w .02 uvnnokw ...................30:33am nlocunucoiilllllawbmgw Qvcefiflm w .33 FuoanaU Zoflwww :5 uoBownsw ..............3oommEon~ .........now_o~.~ w! om damp-w mnoq amncbzoU .............EonmmnU .. . éamao m. E225 ...................oow~H . 633m mcod 5% mkooU .--~¢¢--u-auuununa-nmg£vwmb> . . . . . . . . . . .............xumB¢mom . . . . . . . . . . ............ov~n:m . . . .. . épowauoryw - . - - . . ~ » -. ucntlfl? Ioz . . . . . . . . .1323». 20E. wusfim . . . . . ...........nxomfl .. .......o0:o.~m wufim ilIlIIlIIIOIko&“E%ogo2 :5 Em “E8200 Eqmzoa? . . . . efiio» 235G fiafiohm ...................Ewnn§m ...........wo~wm . - - . . . . . . . . . . .O@Q.N#@ QQQA QQXOQU --npuu¢u¢¢noqquuqoihdg a - u - a - 1 u c a n u--n¢niiom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........Eaon:=m - - - ~ .1;-¢u-nouannan~%oovflgan%a§vm . 5035.330 02,0235 ......~wow~ .....n.waoov~ .. ..... ..............m.v_omism FHHHHHHHHHEQEEEmEEEENE ...-.-...-.Q°HUQH;@ -.......-.-HOWV@U.N% ............~Q£Q@B . . domwoow|nwnoovm NQQOQQOO 03w 0o E2» omw$>< 32 E2 0N0 fi 0Z3 22 0:3 £2 80M N21 .23? .Uv5ifl~flDJ|-ufl» ~|Q_ D4 .=>>D~$ 091R! I!» q) 121:5 5)): <3 2):;- n > . nnlulhl-v I VARIETIES or COTTON IN NORTHWEST TEXAS. I 25 From a study of the last two tables the relative standing of the vari- eties grown practically throughout the entire period is readily’ deter- mined. If yield alone was the only factor to consider the Burnett vari- ety is outstanding. It lacks storm resistance, which does not warrant its recommendation for general and exclusive growing in this section in its present state of development. On account of its consistent early maturity in this section, however, it can be used very profitably when late planting is forced for any reason or when replanting is. necessary at a date too late to be safe with the later maturing varieties. It will be valuable also for growing farther to the north and west in the cotton area in this section where maturity is of first importance. ~ Mebane has yielded consistently above the average "for a long period of years. It has stood the test among the growers and held its place as a popular variety in this section. Until some other variety proves to be superior or more profitable Mebane can be recommended as a safe and reliable variety for general planting. Toole, Cook, and Hawkins are varieties which yielded considerably above the average for the years tested. Lone Star has valuable storm resistance and quality of lint which make it desirable for this section and does well in favorable years. Its lateness in maturity and tendency to produce an occasional crop of bollie cotton are unfavorable to its being a consistently profitable variety. Acala has given a better yield than Durango as an average for the past four years. The actual length of staple of Acala, however, has averaged one to one and one-siXteenth-inch, while the Durango has aver- aged a full inch and one-eighth. Snowflake has yielded less but given a longer staple than either of these two varieties. Among the longer staple varieties attention should also be called to the favorable yields made by Allen’s Express during the period of its trial. A comparison of the yield of lint to the acre and the length of staple of the best varieties of each type or class shows a decided decrease in yield as the length of staple increases. The average a-cre yield of the varieties having a staple length of one and one-sixteenth inches and upwards was 67.5 per cent. as much as for those with a staple length of seven-eighths and one inch. SUMMARY. The data presented here warrant the following conclusions: 1. That cotton is a dependable crop on the Plains thirty to seventy- i five miles from the Caprock. 2. That cotton is fully as resistant to drouth as grain sorghum. 3. Earliness and storm resistance are most desirable characters for this region. 4. The Burnett cotton is consistently the best yielder here, chiefly because of its earliness. It lacks storm resistance, however, and has a relatively short staple, but it is a profitable cotton under extreme con- ditions on account of its earliness. 5. The Mebane cottons have consistently been good yielders, possess a fair degree of storm resistance and produce a fair staple. Under ordi- nary conditions the Mebane cotton should be grown here. 6. Too much emphasis has been placed on long staple cotton for this region, for the reason that, as elsewhere, the longer the staple the lower 26 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. the yield. The premium for the better staple cottons is insufiicient at present to compensate for the loss in yield here, therefore the cottons that produce from seven-eighths to an inch staple give the largest re- turns under present conditions. The following bulletins of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station report a part of the work conducted at Substation No. 8: Bulletin N0. Bulletin No. Bulletin N0. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. Bulletin No. 172—Sudan Grass. 204—The Recurving of Milo and Some Factors Influ- encing It. 219—Progress Report, Substation No. 8, 1909-14. 236—Grain Sorghum Improvement. 266—The Staple of Texas Cotton. 279—Type and Variability in Kafir. 292—The Blueweed and Its Eradication. 294—Shelling Percentages in Grain Sorghum.