LIBRARY,
A a M COLLEGE,
caapvs.

A29-1239-6M-L180

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
A. B. CON NER, DIRECTOR ~

BULLETIN NO. 581 JANUARY 1940

DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY

Chemical Composition Qf The Soils Cf
Cass, Dickens, Falls, I-larclernan, Polk,
Scurry, And Wheeler Counties

 

AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS
T. O. WALTON, President

m
ea;

Chemical analyses and some pot experiments are reported for
representative samples of typical soils of Cass, Dickens, Falls,
Hardeman, Polk, Scurry, and Wheeler Counties. Chemical constitu-
ents in the individual soil types are graded in a system based upon
the quantity of" the constituent found in the soil; the system of
grading and its relation to previous methods of interpretation are
discussed. Bottom land or alluvial soils are better supplied with
plant food than the upland soils of the same county. Many of the
soils are deficient in phosphoric acid and nitrogen. Most of the
soils are fairly well supplied with potash, although some are low
in this constituent. A few are low in lime and may have a tend-
ency to become acid, but most are fairly well supplied with lime,
while some are calcareous soils and high in lime.

Pot experiments on most of the soils showed that under favorable
conditions in the greenhouse most of the soils responded to the
application of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphoric acid
but that few soils responded to the application of potash.

CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5

Maintenance of fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5

How to use the analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Explanation of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8

Classification of constituents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1O

Saline soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 j

Pot experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 

Relation of chemical analysis to production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15 

Average composition of the soils studied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15

Fertilizers for the soils studied   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19

Use of lime  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..19

Differences in composition at different depths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Soils of Cass County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20

Soils of Dickens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26

Soils of Falls County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Soils of Hardeman County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44

Soils of Polk County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45

Soils of Scurry County . . . .: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 59

Soils of Wheeler County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3

BULLETIN NO. 581 JANUARY 1940

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CASS, DICKENS, FALLS,
HARDEMAN, POLK, SCURRY, AND WHEELER COUNTIES

G. S. Fraps, Chief, and J. F. Fudge, Chemist,
Division of Chemistry

This bulletin deals with the composition and fertility of samples of
soils collected from seven counties of Texas. It is the fifteenth in a
series dealing with the chemical composition of Texas soils.

Most of the samples were collected by field agents of the Bureau of
Chemistry and Soils of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in coopera-
tion with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Detailed reports
of these surveys with maps showing the location of the different soil
types have been published by the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture. These soils represent the most im-
portant soils of the county, but a few that are not extensive or important
were not studied. The study included a few soils which were sent in by
individuals other than the soil surveyors. These samples usually have
low registration numbers. The name of the soil type, as given in later
tables, is followed by the word “probably.” Descriptions of soils given
in this bulletin have been condensed from the earlier survey reports.
The soil surveys referred to are as follows:

Soil Survey of Cass County, Texas, by M. W. Beck, Howard William
Higbee, and R. M. Marshall.

Soil Survey of Dickens County, Texas, by William T. Carter, B. H.
Henderson, and W. W. Strike.

Soil Survey of Falls County, Texas, by M. W. Beck.

Soil Survey of Hardeman County, Texas, by E. H. Templin and T.
W. Glassey.

Soil Survey of Polk County, Texas, by H. M. Smith, T. C. Reitch, Har-
vey Oakes, L. G. Ragsdale, and A. H. Bean.

Soil Survey of Scurry County, Texas, by E. H. Templin and T. C.
Reitch.

Soil Survey of Wheeler County, Texas, by A. H. Bean, T. C. Reitch,
and E. C. Foster.

Copies of some of these surveys can be purchased from the Superin-
tendent of Public Documents, Washington, D. C.

Maintenance of fertility _

Cropping the soil results in losses of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash,
and other soil constituents, partly by withdrawal in the crop and partly
by losses through water passing through the soil, and by erosion. Unless
these losses are restored by means of fertilizers, or soil-renovating crops,

l the land will decrease in fertility.

6 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

The following are some of the essentials to the maintenance or improve-
ment of soil fertility:

1. The store of nitrogen and humus in the soil should be maintained.
For this purpose, growing legumes in a proper rotation and turning these
under or grazing them off is usually to be advised. The nitrogen in the

soil may be supplemented by the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Losses

of nitrogen due to cropping may eventually result in a deficiency of l

nitrogen.

2. Deficiency of phosphoric acid in the soil should be corrected by the
use of phosphates as a fertilizer. Losses of phosphoric acid due to con-
tinued cropping will eventually result in a deficiency of phosphoric acid.

3. Any acidity sufficient to be injurious to the crops being grown
should be corrected by applications of ground limestone or lime. Lime
and limestone are also used for the improvement of the physical character
of heavy soils poor in lime or for supplying lime to crops which need a
quantity of lime. Lime should be used chiefly in connection with a
systematic legume rotation.

4. Any deficiency of potash in the soil should be corrected by the use
of fertilizers containing potash. Losses of potash due to continued crop-
ping may eventually result in a deficiency of potash.

5. Erosion or washing away of the more fertile surface soil should be
prevented.

6. Land under irrigation should have good underdrainage, either natu-
ral or artificial, so that salts dissolved in the irrigation water will be
washed out and will not accumulate in the soil.

Humus. The maintenance of the humus content of the soil aids mate-
rially in maintenance of fertility. Humus is produced by the partial
decay of vegetable matter in the soil. Humus, in sufficient quantity,
helps soils to hold a favorable amount of water, so as better to resist
drouth. It aids to give a fine, crumbly structure to clay soils and enables
them to break up into a good condition of tilth under the action of cul-
tivating implements. It checks the rapidity of the percolation of water
through sandy soils, thus decreasing loss of plant food. Humus also is
the storehouse of most of the nitrogen of the soil. Nitrogen in humus is
in an insoluble form and cannot be taken up by crops or washed out of
the soil. Nitrogen in humus is slowly changed by soil organisms to
nitrates or to ammonia, in which forms the nitrogen may be taken up
by plants or washed from the soil. The storing of nitrogen in the in-
soluble humus compounds protects the soil from rapid depletion of nitro-
gen, either by cropping or by percolating water. Some soils produce
good crops for a long time without additions of vegetable matter, but for
permanent productiveness on most soils, vegetable matter must be added
sooner or later. Vegetable matter may be supplied in barnyard manure,
which is excellent when sufficient quantities can be secured; but barn-
yard manure cannot always be secured in large enough quantities. Arti-
ficial manure may be prepared from leaves, straw, or similar waste mate-
rial. Legume crops, which have power to take nitrogen from the air,

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 7

may be grown in rotation with other crops, and if either turned under
or grazed off will introduce vegetable matter into the soil. If the crop
is heavy, it‘ is best to allow it to become nearly mature before turning
it under. To graze off the crop is better than to turn it under, as some
of the feeding value of the crop is secured when it is grazed at the same
time that the droppings from the animals, together with the liquid ex-
crement, return to the soil the bulk of the plant food taken up by the
crop. To make the crop into hay and save the manure from the hay is
not as good for the soil as grazing off the crop, since a large part of
the plant food in the hay is lost in the liquid excrement or that part of
the solid excrement which cannot be saved. When the legume is made
into hay to be sold, the land is more likely to lose nitrogen than to gain
it; it also loses phosphoric acid and potash. Crops other than legumes
add vegetable matter to the soil when plowed under or grazed ofl’, or
they serve as cover crops to reduce losses from leaching or from washing
when the land would otherwise be bare; but legumes are the only plants
which can take up the nitrogen of the air and place it into the soil in
forms suitable for the use of other crops. For this reason it is best to
grow legumes for hay, forage, or renovating crops whenever possible.

Nitrogen. The maintenance of the nitrogen content of the soil is more
important than the maintenance of its humus content. Nitrogen may be
purchased as a fertilizer, but it is expensive when bought in this way,
and ordinarily a farmer growing staple crops cannot afford to buy enough
of it to keep the nitrogen content of his land from decreasing. The most
practical way to maintain the nitrogen content of the soil when ordinary
farm crops are grown is to secure part of the nitrogen from the air by
growing legumes. The nitrogen fixed by legumes can then be utilized
for cotton, corn, kafir, or similar crops. The kind of legume best to
grow depends upon the climate and other conditions, which vary with
different sections of the State and with difierent conditions of farming.

Phosphoric acid. Texas soils are frequently deficient in phosphoric
acid. This bulletin contains information regarding. the probable deficien-
cies in phosphoric acid of the various soils of the counties described.
Deficiency of phosphoric acid may be easily and profitably corrected by
the use of superphosphate as a fertilizer.

Potash. While the soils of Texas are frequently rich in potash, there
is a variation between the difi"erent soils and some soils may need potash
as a fertilizer. In general, potash is the least often needed of the three
plant foods for field crops. Plants can take up more potash than they
need. The needs for potash of the various types of soils here studied
are indicated by the tables of analyses and grades of constituents given
later. Some of the soils described, when compared with other soils of the
State, are low in active potash, although they are much better supplied
with potash than with phosphoric acid or nitrogen.

Acidity. Some soils contain organic or inorganic acids. Some crops—
clover, alfalfa, barley, and rye, for example—do not grow Well on acid

8 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

soils. There are other crops, such as cowpeas and watermelons, which
do well on acid soils.

shells, air-slaked lime, or hydrated lime.
occur in the counties described in this bulletin.

How to use the analyses

Analyses of the soils are given with the descriptions of the various"
types of soil in connection with each county. The classifications of these “
analyses are also given, in order to show the comparative strength or =

weakness of each type. The analyses are made chiefly on soils which
are not under cultivation; soils which have been cropped are usually
poorer than those here described.

If a soil Well supplied with plant food does not give good yields, it,
is obvious that some condition other than plant food controls the yields. I
The condition which limits the yield may be a poor physical condition,‘
It may i
The A
soil may supply insufficient amounts of water for good growth of the‘

either with respect to cultivation, drainage, or other factors.
also be the presence of injurious substances, such as soluble salts.

plants; or, on the other hand, it may be too wet.
also be present.

If the soil is well supplied with total plant food, but low in active
food, attempts may be made to increase the activity of soil agencies which
make the plant food available. These may be additions of manure, of
green crops plowed under, or, if the soil needs lime, additions of lime
or ground limestone in connection with a legume rotation. This kind of
cropping of course leads eventually to depletion of the total plant food
in the soil.

If the crop yields are low and the plant food is deficient, fertilizer
should be used. It is not possible to tell from the appearance or the
analysis of the soil the formula of the fertilizer which will give the best
results. The depth of the soil, the character of the subsoil, and the kind
of weather during the growing" season influence the yield of crops as
much as the plant food. That great variations are caused by the kind
of season can be seen by observing the variation of the yields on the
same land from one year to another.

Plant diseases may

Explanation of Terms

Total nitrogen is the entire quantity of nitrogen present in the soil.
Most of the nitrogen is present in organic matter or humus. As shown
in Bulletin 151, there is a relation between the total nitrogen of the soil
and the nitrogen which can be taken from it by crops in pot experiments.
The total nitrogen is therefore an index to the needs of the soil for
nitrogen, although the nitrogen in worn soils is not as available as that
in new soils, and a number of conditions affect the quantity of nitrogen
available for the use of crops.

Legumes require more lime than other cropsQ
Acidity may be corrected by the use of ground limestone, ground oyster’
Few acid soils are found to_

mam»..- ._...._.v_....r  . ._ .. r.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 9

Total phosphoric acid is the entire quantity of phosphoric acid contained '

in the soil. It cannot all be taken up by plants at once, as only a small
portion is immediately available. It is made available slowly by natural
agencies.

Active phosphoric acid is that soluble in 0.2 N nitric acid and is the
part of the total phosphoric acid which is more easily taken up by plants.
The relation of the active phosphoric acid to the fertility of the soil is
shown in the table giving the classes of the constituents. As shown in
Bulletins 126 and 276, there is a relation between the active phosphoric
acid of the soil and the amount of phosphoric acid which crops are able
to take from the soil in pot experiments. There is a closer relation be-
tween the active phosphoric acid of the soil and the needs of the soil
for phosphoric acid as a fertilizer than there is between total phosphoric
acid and the needs of the soil. Pot experiments have shown (Bulletin
267) that plants grown on soils low in active phosphoric acid and high
in lime can remove more phosphoric acid from the soil than they can
from soils containing the same quantities of active phosphoric acid and
low amounts of lime.

Total potash represents the entire amount of potash in the soil. A
large part of this is locked up in highly insoluble silicates and may not
become available for the use of plants in centuries. The amount of total
potash does not indicate how much is available for use by the immediate
crop.

Acid-soluble potash is the amount of potash which is dissolved by
strong hydrochloric acid. As pointed out by Hilgard, there is a relation
between the amount of acid-soluble potash in the soil and the wearing
qualities of the soil (Fraps, Principles of Agricultural Chemistry, page
171). The higher the percentage of acid-soluble potash, the longer the
soil can be cropped before it needs potash.

Active potash is that soluble in 0.2 N nitric acid and is the part of
the total potash which can be readily taken up by plants. This has been
shown by pot experiments discussed in Bulletins 145 and 325. There is
a close relation between the amount of active potash in the soil and
the amount which is available for the growth of crops.

Acid-soluble lime is the lime which is dissolved by strong hydrochloric
acid. According to Hilgard, the amount of lime found by this method is
a valuable indication as to the fertility of the soil.

Basicity represents the carbonate of lime and other basic materials in
the soil. This term is here applied to the bases (chiefly lime) which
neutralize 0.2 N nitric acid in the method for determining active phos-
phoric acid and active potash. When the basicity is over 8 per cent,
stronger acid is used. The term basicity is merely used as a convenient
one for the determination referred to. The basicity represents all of the
carbonate of lime and, in addition, about 86 per cent of the exchangeable
bases of the soil (Bulletin 442).

10 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Acidity is here represented by what is termed the pH (or hydrogen 

ion concentration) which shows the intensity of acidity. A neutral soil

is represented by a pH value of 7.0. The lower the number below 7, the ‘

more acid the soil. A soil of pH 6.0 is ten times more acid than a soil
of 7.0, and one with 5.0 pH is ten times more acid than one of pH 6.0.

Numbers higher than 7.0 indicate alkalinity and the higher the number, I
the more alkaline the soil. In general, a certain reaction is best suited p

to a given kind of plant. If acid, applications of lime should be made
to produce the favorable pH. However, soils do not all act alike in this

respect, and sometimes acid soils do not respond to the addition of lime. r

Excessive additions of lime cause injury to many soils.

Corn possibility represents the average amount of plant food which is
withdrawn by plants in pot experiments from soils containing similar
amounts of total nitrogen, active phosphoric acid, and active potash. It
is expressed in bushels of corn per acre. It is based on 2,000,000 pounds
of the soil.

The corn possibility is not claimed to indicate the possible yield from
the soil, as this depends upon other conditions in addition to the fertility
of the soil. The corn possibility is a convenient way of comparing
amounts of various plant foods in the soil. For example, with the Hol-
lister clay of Hardeman County (No. 37288, Table 15) the corn pos-
sibility for total nitrogen is 27 bushels, for phosphoric acid 30, and for
potash 553. The soil is probably deficient in both phosphoric acid and
nitrogen. This may be compared with the Abilene clay loam of Harde-
man County (No. 37284, Table 15), which has a corn possibility of 76
bushels for nitrogen, 47 for phosphoric acid, and 813 for potash. Other
comparisons can be made from the tables.

The experiments on which this interpretation is based are published in
Bulletins 126, 145, 151, 267, and 355; and the method is discussed in
Bulletins 213 and 355.

Grading of Constituents of Soils

In previous bulletins dealing with the composition of Texas soil, tables
are given which show the interpretation of the analyses. In Bulletins
533 and 549 and in this bulletin the soils are grouped into five grades.
Grade 1 is given to those which contain the highest quantities and Grade
5 to those which contain the lowest, while the others are intermediate.
This grading is intended to give an easy way to compare the composi-
tion of different soils and to observe their relative strengths and weak-
nesses. In choosing the limits of composition to be used for each grade,
we have endeavored to use regular gradations and to arrange the grada-
tions in such a Way as to have the greatest possible meaning with respect
to the information. at present available. We have taken into considera-
tion the pot experiments and their relation to the composition of the
soil (Texas Bulletins 126, 145, 151, 213, 267, and 355), and have also
considered the field experiments which were available. The soils placed
in Grade 5 active phosphoric acid are very likely to be deficient in phos-

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 11

phoric acid for the growth of crops. The same applies to active potash
and to nitrogen. The relations are not so evident with the acid-soluble
potash, the total phosphoric acid, and the total potash; but Grade 5 con-
tains the lowest percentages of these constituents, and the soils with
this grade are the weakest in these respects. Soils whose acid-soluble
lime is placed in Grade 5 are quite low in lime and there is a possibility
of a deficiency of lime. Soils whose pH is placed in Grade 5 are decidedly
acid.

The constituents placed in Grade 4 are present in larger quantities than
those in soils classed in Grade 5. In the cases of total nitrogen, active
phosphoric acid, and active potash, the soils containing quantities of the
constituents falling in Grades 5 and 4 are likely to respond to applica-
tions of fertilizer, provided that rainfall and other conditions are favor-
able to the growth of crops. Soils with the pH in Grade 4 are acid but
are less acid than those in Grade 5. Soils in Grade 3 with respect to
active phosphoric acid and active potash may respond to applications of
these fertilizers when truck crops are grown but may not respond suffi-
ciently to be economically practicable when field crops are grown. Re-
sponse to nitrogen may occur with soils whose nitrogen is placed in
Grade 3. There is less probability of response to fertilizers with Grades
1 and 2, since these grades include soils with the highest quantities of
the constituents. These are the strongest soils.

The lime in the three lower grades is probably all contained in the
exchange complex of soils with low exchange capacities. The maximum
lime in Grade 3 is equivalent to 14.3 milliequivalents per 100 grams.
Lime in Grade 2 may be present as exchangeable lime in soils with
higher total exchange capacity or there may be small amounts of lime-
stone 0r soluble neutral calcium salts in such soils. Soils in Grade 1 all
contain some limestone.

The basicity of Grades 5. 4, and 3 is sufiiciently low to preclude the
possibility of the presence of much limestone in the soil. Grade 5 con-
tains soils with basicity so low that there is danger of making the soils
too acid for satisfactory plant growth when acid-forming nitrogenous
fertilizers are used for a number of years, while Grade 4 contains many

i soils which may be injured in this way. Basicity in Grade 3 may still

. growth.

be entirely due to the exchange complex in the soil; the maximum basicity
equivalent to 2.00% of calcium carbonate is also equivalent to 40 mil-
liequivalents. Soils in Grades both 1 and 2 contain limestone. Grades
for reaction (pH) are based on ranges of pH for satisfactory plant
Grade 1 (7.51+) is definitely alkaline; Grade 2 is so nearly
neutral that good growth of most crops is not inhibited; Grade 5 con-
tains soils which are so acid that many crops, particularly legumes, will
not grow well; Grades 3 and 4 contain soils which may be sufficiently
acid to damage growth of certain crops.

The limits of grades of constituents and the relation of the different

 grades to the interpretations used in previous bulletins are given in

Table 1.

12 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Table 1. Limits and interpretations of grades of constituents of soils

Grade number . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 3 2
Nitrogen ‘

Limits-per cent . . . . . . . . . . O—.030 .031—.060 .061—. 120 .l21—. 180

Maximum corn possibility. 10 18 133 48

Maximum number of 40 bu.

corn crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2O 40 60

Total phosphoric acid

Limits—per cent . . . . . . . . . O—.025 .026—.050 .051—. 100 .101—-.150

Intrepretation . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low to fair Fair to good Good

Maximum number of 40 bu.

corn crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 40 8O 120

Active phosphoric acid

Limits—p.p.m . . . . . . . . . . . . 0—30 31-100 101——20O 201—-4CO

Maximum corn possibility. . 18 40 45 50
Total potash

Limits—per cent . . . . . . . . . . 0-.30 .31—.60 .61~—1.21 1.21—1.80
Acid-soluble potash

Limits~per cent . . . . . . . .. 0—~.10 .11—.20 .21—.40 .4l—.80

Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low to fair Fair to good Good

Nlaximum number 0f 4O bu.

corn crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 100 200 400

Active potash

Limits~p.p.m . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-50 5l——10O l01——200 201-—400

Maximum corn possibility . . 26 50 94 171
Lime

Limiis—per cent . . . . . . . . .. O—. 1O .11——.20_ .21—.40 .4l——2.00

Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low to fair Fair to good Good
Basicity

Limits—per cent . . . . . . . . . . 0——.30 .31—.60 .61—-2.00 2.01—5.00
pH

Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0—5.0_ 5.1—-—_5.5 5.6-—6.0 6.1-7.5 7.6+

Acidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Very acid Acid Slightly acid Practically Alkaline

_ neutra

The classification is not intended to give a grouping which can be
interpreted in terms of crop yields or possible fertilizer responses, since
these are determined by many factors in addition to chemical composi-
tion, upon which the classification is based. However, certain general‘
relationships may be noted. Soils in Grade 1 are probably not deficient
with respect to the element concerned, except possibly where unusually
heavy demands are made on the soil such as in the growth of very large
truck crops. Most soils in Grade 5 and many in Grade 4 are low in

fertility with respect to the element concerned. Some soils in Grade 3i
and a few in Grade 2 may be deficient when heavy crops are grown. a;
It must be remembered, in this connection, that a soil may be high in‘
total quantity of an element and still be deficient in the quantity which
is readily available to plants. The available supply, rather than the total
supply, is the determining factor in crop growth and fertilizer response,
insofar as chemical composition is concerned. It must also be stated
that cropping and erosion will reduce the plant food content of the soil,
so that in the course of time the grades will change, usually to become;
lower.

F

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 13

Saline soils

Saline soils are soils modified by the presence of soluble salts, chiefly
sodium chloride or sodium sulphate. Soluble salts occur in sufficient
quantity to be injurious to crops in some of the soils of the counties
here discussed. Salty spots are of frequent occurrence along the Gulf
Coast, and also in other parts of Texas.

Saline soils may originate in several different ways, of which the
principal are sub-irrigation, either natural or artificial, surface irrigation
combined with insufficient drainage, and irrigation with water high in
sodium salts.

Sub-irrigation. If the ground water is high in soluble salts and sufli-
ciently close to the surface to be evaporated into the air, the water will
constantly rise, carrying soluble salts with it. When the water evaporates,
the salts are left behind. If the rainfall is not sufficient, or for any reason
does not pass through the soil and wash the salts out, the salts will ac-
cumulate. The amount accumulated will depend upon the amount in the
water as well as on other conditions, but comparatively small amounts in
the water may, in the course of years, give rise to large amounts of salts
in the soil.

Irrigation combined with insufficient drainage. Irrigation water natu-
rally contains some soluble salts. When the water evaporates, the salts
are left behind. Unless they are washed out down through the subsoil,
into the country drainage, they will accumulate, and in the course of
time will injure the crops. Irrigation should be accompanied by subsoil
drainage, if it is not naturally present, and by the use of suflicient ap-

plications of water from time to time, to wash out the salts and thereby Y

prevent their accumulation.

Reaction of salts in irrigation water with soil. If the irrigation water
contains a large proportion of sodium salts and only a small proportion
of calcium salts, the salt will act upon the base exchange complex in
the soil so as to replace a large proportion of the calcium with sodium.
The sodium exchange complex puddles the soil and renders it difficult
for water and air to pass into it. It therefore becomes hard when dry,
and difficult to cultivate. If the process goes to a certain extent, the
soil may become hard and compact, with little or no plant growth upon
it. To irrigate such a soil is diflicult, as water does not penetrate it
readily.

The remedy for such a condition is the addition of soluble calcium
salts. The calcium salt acts upon the sodium base exchange complex in
such a way that the calcium takes the place of the sodium. The forma-
tion of the calcium base complex makes the soil more pervious to water
and air, so that the sodium salt formed in the process can be washed
out. Calcium sulphate may be used. Or, if the soil contains sufficient
amounts of calcium carbonate, sulphur may be used. The sulphur is

14 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

oxidized by the bacteria in the soil to sulphuric acid.

is replaced with hydrogen, and the hydrogen, in turn, is replaced with
calcium from the calcium carbonate. The sulphuric acid will also partly

act upon the calcium carbonate, producing calcium sulphate, which ex-I

changes its calcium for the sodium in the base exchange complex.

Saline soils are frequently called Alkali soils. The injurious salts are
not alkaline as a rule, usually consisting of sodium chloride (common
salt) and sodium sulphate.
bonate or bicarbonate are present, in which case they are called black
alkali soils.
alkali. The composition of the salts in some of the saline soils is given
in connection with the discussion of soils of some of the counties.

Pot experiments

The needs for plant food of some of the soils discussed in this bulletin
Were studied by growing plants in pots containing samples of the soils,
to which various forms of plant food were added. In making these ex-
periments, 5,000 grams of soil were placed in galvanized iron pots, and
to one or more pots a complete fertilizer was added. To one or more
pots nitrogen and potash were added, phosphoric acid being omitted.

The difference between this pot and the pot with the complete fertilizer t

To one or more pots,
The

shows the need of the soil for phosphoric acid.
phosphoric acid and potash were added, nitrogen being omitted.

- difference between this pot and that with the complete fertilizer shows

the need of the soil for nitrogen. To a third set of one or more pots,

nitrogen and phosphoric acid were added, potash being omitted.

The sulphuric.
acid may act directly upon the sodium base exchange complex, whichl

The soils are alkaline when sodium car-p

Soils in Texas sometimes, but not frequently, contain black,

 

i

The F

difference between this pot and the pot receiving the complete fertilizer -

shows the need for potash.

The tables show the weights of the crops secured with the different
additions; they also show the amounts (expressed in their equivalent of
bushels of corn per acre) of phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen re-
moved from the pots by the plants grown in the experiments.

The soil in pot experiments is under favorable conditions and it is
possible for the plants to make a greater growth or to take up more
plant food from the same quantity of soil than would be the case under
field conditions. There might be a considerable difierence in production
between the crop receiving the complete fertilizer and the crop which
had no potash, and yet the crop produced without potash in the field
might be equal to the possibility of production under the climatic condi-
tions prevailing. In such case the soil would appear deficient in the pot
experiment, while for all practical purposes it would not be deficient in
the field. This is the reason why the plant food withdrawn is expressed
in bushels of corn to the acre. It shows the relative capacity of the soil
to furnish plant food to crops in pot experiments.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 15

Relation 0f chemical analysis to production

Chemical analysis is made on samples of soil taken from the fields.
The analysis for plant food represents the capacity of the soil to furnish
it. The capacity of the soil to furnish plant food is only one of a group
of factors which control production.

The chemical analysis is related to the capacity of the soil to supply
plant food; but when the results are applied to field work, other important
factors enter into play. The most important of these are perhaps (a) the
kind of crop and its ability to assimilate plant food, (b) the depth of the
soil and the extent to which it is occupied by roots, (c) the water pro-
vided by soil and season, (d) the temperature, and (e) the highest quan-
tity of crop which can be produced under these and other prevailing soil
and climatic conditions. It is obvious that a plant having twice the
capacity of another to assimilate phosphoric acid will need only half the
quantity to be in the soil in order to produce an equivalent yield; that
a soil furnishing enough phosphoric acid for 30 bushels of corn may not
contain enough for 50 bushels; that soil which can be occupied by roots
to a depth of 6 inches furnishes only half as much plant food as one
that is occupied to a depth of 12 inches; and that soil may contain
enough plant food for 30 bushels of corn and yet not enough for a large
crop of tomatoes. These are all illustrations of the factors mentioned
above, which affect the ability of the plant to use the food offered it
by the soil.

The grades given in this bulletin refer entirely to the quantity of
the various elements in the soil. No attempt is made to allow for any
of the other factors which may affect production.

l
k

Average composition of the soils of the counties studied

   
 
  
  
   
   
 
   

The average composition of a number of soil types was calculated
from the analyses of two or more samples of the same soil type. Figures
g widely out of agreement with figures for the same constituent in other

samples of the same soil type were omitted from the averages. For
example, two samples of Kirvin fine sandy loam in Cass County (Nos.
7112 and 7167) contained much more active phosphoric acid than the
Kirvin fine sandy loam usually does (see other samples in Cass County
and general average in Bulletin 549). These figures for active phosphoric
acid were therefore omitted from the average. Several other similar
cases occur in the tables. Whenever a figure has- thus been omitted
from the average, it is enclosed in parentheses.

In calculating the averages given in the succeeding tables, the surface
soil is considered to be that portion of the soil profile from 0 to about
7", the subsoil from 7" to about 20", and the deep subsoil the part of
the profile lying next below that depth. In a number of cases, the soil
surveyor who collected the soil samples in the field took separate samples
‘from depths of the profile which do not correspond to these approximate
: depths. For example, samples of an Abilene loamy fine sand from Wheeler

16 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

County (Nos. 36405 through 36409, Table 22), were taken at depths of 0 to

1", 1" to 6", 6" to 7", 7" to 18", and 18" t0 19”. In calculating the aver- -
ages for all of the profiles of Abilene loamy fine sand, the 3 samples ind

the 0 to 7" depth were first averaged and the averages thus secured

were used as representing a single sample of the surface soil of that,
type. The same procedure was followed with the 2 samples in the 7" »
to 19" depth of the subsoil. Only the upper samples of the deep subsoil i

were used in calculating the averages for the deep subsoil. Many other
similar cases occur throughout the tables. Cases in which this prelim-
inary averaging was done are shown in the tables by the description of
the sample immediately following the soil type name in the tables giving
the analyses of the soils.

The average figure given for a single constituent in any soil group‘

was calculated from all of the soils in which thatlconstituent was esti-
mated. In several cases, the analyses given for a particular sample are
incomplete, not all of the constituents having been estimated in that sample.
In nearly all such cases, the analyses omitted were for the acid-soluble
potash, lime, and magnesia. In averaging for these constituents, it was
therefore impossible to average as many samples as for the remaining
constituents.

For the purpose of discussion, the soils were divided into upland and
bottom land soils; then the upland soils were subdivided either into geo-
graphical regions (when more than one region occurred in a single county)
or into calcareous and noncalcareous groups. The average composition
of these groups is given in Table 2; the grading of the constituents of
the surface and subsoils is given in Table 3.

The upland soils of the Blackland Prairie and the counties in the west-
ern part of the State were better supplied with plant food than the

upland soils of the East Texas Timber Country. For example, the nitro- ‘

gen in the East Texas Timber Country soils with friable subsoils in
Falls County averaged 043% (Grade 4), while that in the calcareous
soils of the Blackland Prairie section of the same county averaged 116%
(Grade 3), and the calcareous soils of Wheeler County averaged .1449?)
(Grade 2). The calcareous upland soils were better supplied with plant
food than the noncalcareous upland soils of the same county. Soils with
dense subsoils in Polk County contained slightly more plant food than
the soils with friable subsoils in the same county. The quantities of
nitrogen in the different upland soil groups varied widely; the better soils

mentioned above contained much more nitrogen than the poorer soils.-

Active phosphoric acid in most of the soils was low, particularly in the
soils of Cass County. Active potash varied from medium to high; the
group of soils in Polk County with friable subsoils (Grade 4) was the

only upland surface soil group whose grade for active potash was below A

3. Lime and basicity varied from high to medium in most soils, but the
friable subsoil group of the East Texas Timber Country was considerably
below the other soil groups in these constituents. None of the soils were
more than slightly acid.

Total Active Acid- _ Acid- _ Acid-
_ Nitro- Phos. Phos Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
Soil group en Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia p11
Jer Per Per Per Per Pe_r Per Per Per
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
Upland surface soils

Cass County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .043 .036 15 .37 .11 119 .13 .09 .08 5.6
Dickens County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 .099 286 2.84 .68 391 2.94 4.38 1.15 7.4
Dickens County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .086 .054 93 1 .70 .36 280 .51 1.12 .46 7.0
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, calcareous. . .116 .101 55 1.01 .45 222 15.18 24.21 .78 8.0

Falls County, Blackland Prairies, non-
calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .072 .031 28 .87 .21 151 .62 .86 .29 7.3
Falls County, East Texas Timber Country. . . .043 .022 21 .88 .10 108 .17 .22 .12 7.2
Hardeman County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .095 .074 256 2.12 1.27 288 5.27 6.07 1.71 8.3

Hardeman Count , noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . .080 .068 167 1 .76 .62 441 .92 1 .38 .60 7.4

Polk County, fria le subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .059 .025 33 .27 .07 100 .15 .34 .08 6.7

Polk County, dense subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .061 .032 17 .63 .13 129 .29 .58 .21 5.4

Polk County, Blackland Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 .031 16 .56 .26 163 1.02 1.52 .46 6.1

Scurry County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 .065 94 1 .72 .69 251 7.17 8.78 .84 8.2

Scurry County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .098 .048 78 1.60 .49 440 1.15 1 .73 .46 7.7

Wheeler County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 .084 234 2.31 .43 308 4.40 8.27 .71 8.2

Wheeler County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .079 .041 103 2.08 .23 248 .60 1.02 .34 7.4
Alluvial surface souls
Cass County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .048 .042 97 . . . . . . . . .07 94 .28 .15 .08 6.4

Dickens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 .077 261 1 .64 .47 403 2.81 3 .30 .68 7.4

Falls County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 .136 227 2 .09 .93 508 5.64 11.85 2.48 7.9

Polk County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 .057 101 1.02 .27 185 .50 .77 .27 5.7

Scurry County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .091 .098 516 1.78 .58 628 2.60 4.80 .61 8.4
Upland subsoils

Cass County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .034 .031 16 .42 .16 122 .17 .10 .13 5.4
Dickens County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .076 .097 286 3.00 .67 194 5.62 8.53 1.53 7.6
Dickens County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .061 .047 75 1 .80 .54 241 .46 .91 .60 7.1
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, calcareous. .079 .093 38 1.11 .39 131 19.38 27.73 .82 7.9
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, noncal-

careous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .046 .027 29 .96 .32 130 .80 1.28 .46 7.0
Falls County, East Texas Timber Country. . . .034 .022 7 .96 .24 144 .19 .35 .23 6.3
Hardeman County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .084 .082 206 2.05 1.40 104 10.04 11.46 2.33 8.4

Haredman County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . .062 .063 135 1.76 .66 314 1.88 1.97 .64 7.6

Polk County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .026 .018 8 .29 -67 76 -10 -19 .08 6.6

Polk County, dense subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .038 .021 9 .64 .12 98 .21 .39 .21 5.2

Polk County, Blackland Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . .080 .023 10 .52 .31 142 1.44 2.46 .53 5.7

Scurry County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .072 .065 96 1.79 1.28 147 10.14 13.91 1.09 8.2

Scurry County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .077 .044 51 1.57 .52 356 2 .03 3.20 .49 7.7

Wheeler County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 .084 43 1.90 .43 48 13.85 26.90 1.27 8.0

Wh_eelcr County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .061 .039 72 2. 12 .27 177 .84 1.32 .39 7.4
Alluvial subsoils
Cass County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .024 .041 43 . . . . .45 81 .38 .10 .06 6.3

Dickens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .062 .067 125 1.91 .50 194 4.90 6.50 .77 7.5

Falls County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .100 .119 180 2 20 1.07 336 5.29 11.44 1.95 8.0

Polk County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .070 .038 29 1.0L) .25 31 .48 .79 .36 5.4

Scurry County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .067 .078 402 1 .94 .61 266 4.55 7.95 . . . . . . . . 8.2

SGILLNIIOO NIVLHEIO .10 STIOS JO NOI-LISOJNOO "IVOIWEIHO

Table 3.

Grades of constituents of soils by groups

Alluvial surface soils

Cass County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dickens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falls County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polk County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scurry County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Upland subsoils

Cass County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dickens County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dickens County, noncalcareous . . . , . . . . . . . . .
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, calcareous. .
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, noncal-
careous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Falls County, East Texas Timber Country. . .
Hardeman County, calcareous . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .

Hardeman County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . .

Polk County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polk County, dense subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polk County, Blackland Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scurry County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scurry County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NVheeIer County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wheeler County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alluvial subsoils

Cass County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dickens County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falls County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Polk County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scurry County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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_ _ » Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Soil group Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
Upland surface soils _

Cass County, friable subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5
Dickens County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
Dickens County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, calcareous. . 3 1
Falls County, Blackland Prairies, noncal-

careous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
Falls County, East Texas Timber Country. . . 3 5
Hardeman County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

Hardeman Count , noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3

Polk County, fria le subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4

Polk County, dense subsoils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4

Polk County, Blackland Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3

Scurry County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

Scurry County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3

Wheeler County, calcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

Wheeler County, noncalcareous . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 19

The alluvial soils, 0r those 0n fiat stream bottoms subject to overflow,
were better supplied with plant food than upland soils in the same county.
The alluvial soils of the friable subsoil group of the East Texas Timber
Country in Cass County were lower than any other alluvial soil group,
particularly with respect to active phosphoric acid and basicity.

Fertilizers for the soils studied

The soils studied may be divided into several groups with respect to
their relation to fertilizers.

In the upland soils group, the soils of the East Texas Timber Country
vary from slightly deficient to decidedly low in nitrogen. With the ex-
ception of the soils of Wheeler and Hardeman County and the calcareous
soil group of Dickens County, the soils are deficient to decidedly low in
active phosphoric acid and only slightly better in total phosphoric acid.
The exceptions are all located in the western part of the State, where
water rather than soil fertility is the limiting element in crop production.
Very few of the soils are deficient in potash.

The use of fertilizers is generally advisable for field crops on the soils
in the eastern part of the State, and especially so for truck and fruit
crops. Fertilizers suggested for use with dififerent crops are given in
other publications of the Experiment Station. In general, sandy soils are
likely to need more potash than the soils of heavier texture. Some cal-
careous soils do not respond well to fertilizers, although others do, and
at present we cannot recommend fertilizers to be used on all calcareous
soils. Climatic conditions may interfere with the profitable use of fer-
tilizers in the western part of the State not under irrigation. Fertilizers
are not recommended for these soils in the absence of favorable field
experiments.

In general, alluvial soils probably do not need fertilizers at present,
although field trials on some areas, particularly in Cass and Polk coun-
ties, may show good response to their use. When the soils produce heavy
growth of stem and leaves but the plants do not fruit well, applications
of phosphoric acid fertilizers may correct this condition. Where the soil
fertility has begun to decrease on account of cultivation over a long
period of years, fertilizers will probably be of advantage. Fertilizers
may also be of advantage for vegetable crops on soils which would not
respond well enough to fertilizers for the ordinary field crops.

Use of Lime

Few of the soils described in this bulletin are acid and lime is not
needed on most of them. If lime may be needed, it will be mentioned in
the discussion of the soils of the county concerned.

The use of lime on well-drained sandy soils is not advisable except in
connection with a legume rotation, for the reason that application of lime
is likely to stimulate the production of nitrates and cause loss of nitrogen

20 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

of the soil during the winter months. At the present time these surface
soils are generally not acid enough to be injurious to crops ordinarily
grown, but they may become more acid after longer cultivation.

Difierences in composition at different depths

The composition of a soil in horizons at different depths sometimes
varies markedly. The change in composition with increase in depth may
occur either with noncalcareous or calcareous soils. In Cass County
(Table 4) active phosphoric acid and active potash in a Bowie fine sandy
loam (Nos. 37654-8 inclusive) decreased considerably; and nearly all
constituents in a Kirvin fine sandy loam (Nos. 37659-63 inclusive) de-
creased markedly, while the pH (intensity of acidity) changed from
pH 5.1 to pH 4.2, the latter acidity being sufficiently high to inhibit
growth of most crops. In most calcareous soils, the lime content in-
creases with depth, while other constituents usually decrease. One of
the most striking cases of this occurs in an Irving clay loam (Nos.
35601-2-3, Table 10) in Falls County. The surface horizon (0-12") contained
2.98% acid soluble lime, the subsoil (12”-24”) contained 20.75% and the
deep subsoil contained 39.05%. Corresponding figures for nitrogen were
.148%, .126%, and .058%; those for active phosphoric acid were 116
parts per million, 4 p. p. m., and 2 p. p. m.; and for active potash the
figures were 256 p. p. m., 65 p. p. m., and 26 p. p. m. Nitrogen, active
phosphoric acid, and active potash all tend to decrease markedly with
lower depths in most soils, as is shown in all tables in this bulletin
giving the composition of the soils. This fact is of great practical im-
portance, because the soil left on an area after the topsoil has been
removed by erosion is of much lower fertility than the original soil
which was washed away.

Soils of Cass County

Cass County comprises an area of 951 square miles in the extreme
northeastern part of Texas and lies wholly within the geographical divi-
sion known as the East Texas Timber Country. From this county twenty
types and phases of soil in 16 series were mapped. The most extensive
soil type is the Ruston fine sandy loam, Which, in the normal and deep
phases, occupies 26.2 per cent of the area. Next in extent is the Kirvin
fine sandy loam, which, in the normal and stony phases, occupies 24.8
per cent of the area. Upland soils include the red Nacogdoches soils
(0.4 per cent); light-colored soils with friable subsoils of the, Ruston,
Cahaba, Bowie, Kirvin, Orangeburg, Caddo, Kalmia, and Norfolk series
(82.6 per cent); and light-colored soils with dense subsoils of the Sus-
quehanna, Leaf, and Lufkin series (2.9 per cent). Flat stream-bottom
soils include the Bibb, Ochlockonee, and Johnston series (14.9 per cent).

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 21

Description of Soils
Upland Soils:

Bowie soils—Gray topsoil grading into pale-yellow subsoil which passes "

gradually into a deep subsoil of yellow, friable material, containing
red spots and splotches. Covers 20.5 per cent of area.

Kirvin soils—-Gray topsoil containing a few fine, dark ferruginous sand-
stone fragments, grading into pale-yellow, friable subsoil which in places
contains fine ironstone fragments and ranging through a short transi-
tional zone into a red or brownish-red, moderately heavy, crumbly, slightly
sandy clay deep subsoil. Covers 24.8 per cent of area.

Nacogdoches soils—Red or reddish-brown topsoil containing a large
quantity of small and fine, dark ironstone fragments grading into a red,
smooth, crumbly clay subsoil containing small ironstone fragments. Cov-
ers 0.4 per cent of area.

Ruston soils—Gray topsoil which grades into a yellow, full-yellow,
grayish-yellow, or brownish-yellow subsoil which merges into a light
reddish-yellow or yellowish-red, friable deep subsoil which becomes slightly
more yellow with increase in depth. Covers 28.2 per cent of area.

Bottom Land Soils:

Bibb soils—-Light-gray topsoil containing a few yellow and brown spots
and splotches, grading into mottled gray and yellow clay loam or clay
subsoil. Covers 10.4 per cent of area.

Composition of Soils—-Table 4 gives the analyses of a number of the
principal soil types and Table 5 the grades of constituents of the surface
soils. The soils are probably deficient (Grades 4 and 5) in nitrogen,
total and active phosphoric acid, total and acid-soluble potash. A few
exceptions to this general statement are to be noted in the table, but in
all of these cases the constituent has Grade 3 and may be deficient for
certain crops. Most of the soils are moderate (Grade 3) in active potash.
All of them are low (Grade 5) in basicity. The reaction (pH) of some
samples of Nacogdoches and Ruston fine sandy loams may be sufficiently
acid (Grade 4) to interfere with the growth of leguminous crops.

Pot Experiments—Results of pot experiments are given in Table 6. All
of the soils used in greenhouse work responded greatly to nitrogen and
phosphoric acid, but did not respond to potash.

Fertilizers——The need for fertilizers carrying nitrogen and phosphoric
acid is indicated in most of the soils. A need for potash fertilizers is not
indicated except possibly on small areas or for special crops or where the
l land has been under cultivation for a number of years. Some of the
l soils might respond to lime, especially if leguminous crops or crops
‘ with a high lime requirement are to be grown.

 

ZZ

Table 4. Analyses of soils of Cass County

_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid- w
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble C:
tory S011 type eii Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth F
Number er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches [i1
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent §
Z
_ Z
7239 Bibb fine sandy loam, _O
grobably, surface . . . . . . . . . .048 .042 97 . . . . . . . . .07 94 .28 . 15 .08 6.4 0-8
7240 Bi b fine sandy loam, 3
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .024 .041 43 . . . . . . . . .45 81 .38 . 10 .06 6.3 8-20 1"‘
3349 Bowie fine sandy loam, h]
_ probably, surface . . . . . . . . . .024 .015 24 . . . . . . . . . 17 75 . 12 . 10 .07 . . . . . . . . 0-6 [i1
3350 Bowie fine sandy loam, p4
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .025 .007 7 .43 .09 154 . 12 .24 .09 . . . . . . . . 6-18 11>
37646 Bowie fine sandy loam, m
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .034 .021 12 .43 .09 87 .06 .01 .07 5.6 0-7 g>
37647 Bowie fineysandy 10am, Q
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .035 .035 4 .34 .26 90 .08 . 1 1 . 18 4. 6 7-19 a
37654 Bowie fine sandy loam, Q
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .037 .025 9 .30 .07 146 .14 .01 .07 5.5 0-4 c:
37655 Bowie fine sandy loam, b‘
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .027 .025 5 .58 .06 115 .13 0 .10 5.5 4-10 '5
37656 Bowie fine sandy loam, g
de_ep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . .. .037 .034 4 .51 . 18 110 .09 . 11 . 18 4.9 10-24 u,
37657 Bowie fine sandy loam, t,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .032 .036 4 .38 . 16 87 .07 .06 .16 4.7 24-60
37658 Bowie fine sandy loam, P1
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .022 .039 4 .27 .20 83 .13 . 17 .16 4.6 60-80 Q
Average Bowie fine sandy loam, m
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .032 .020 15 .37 .11 103 .11 .04 .07 5.6 . . . . . . .. gs
Average Bowie fine sandy loam, '-'
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .029 .022 5 .45 .14 120 .11 . 12 .12 5.1 . . . . . . .. E
Average Bowie fine sandy loam, z
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .036 4 .39 .18 93 . 10 .11 .17 4.7 . . . . . . . . h;
7112 Kirvin fine sandy loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . . .070 .051 (124) . . . . . . . . .07 131 .31 .20 .06 6.1 0-6 g
7113 Kirvin fine sandy loam, a,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .035 . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . .05 88 .28 . 12 .09 5.8 6-12 a
7167 Kirvin fine sandy loam, 6
probably, surface . . . . . . . . . .038 .065 (264) . . . . . . . . .04 126 .16 .30 .06 6.5 0-12 z
7168 Kirvin fine sandy loam,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .025 .036 91 .30 .06 75 .07 .09 .10 7.2 7-19
37648 Kirvin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ .029 .033 35 .36 . 12 88 .06 .01 .07 5. 1 0-7

 

 I~~-~ Y

37649
37659
37660
37661
37662
37663
Average
Average
Average
37650
37651
22917
22918
7149

71 50
37652
37653
37664
37665
37666
37667
37668
Average
Average

Average

Kirvin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy 10am,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nacogdoches fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nacogdoches fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . ..
Huston fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy 10am,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rustonfine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.058
. 111
. O59
. 054
.038
.020
. 062
. 044
.037
. 040
. O40
. 037
. 019
. 029
.021
.025
. 036
. O39
.023

.025
.020
.031
.027
. 025

.040
.047
.037
.043
.027
.018
.049
.038
. 029
. 061
. 067
.029
.033
. 039
. O13
. 019
. O27
.025
.021
.031
.027
. 027
. 028
.020
. O28

16

25
29

(122)

. - - - - . . .

- . - - . - - -

223
200
118
203
155

63
136
126
140
146
183
122

97

86

46

98
159
122
1 17
197
212
136
102
107
182

.09

.11
.06

.07

.14
.08
.02
.13
.22
.10
.08
.10
.15
.02
.06
.04

.21
.32
.07
.05
.07
.20

U1U1U1UIO1U1UIQKU1U1 U101rliU1flfl>>sPrkUiUlri
Mlxidifiv-‘Ul

\1

SEII-LNIIOO NIVLHEIO .210 STIOS e10 NOLLISOdNOO TVOIWEIHO

Table 5. Grades of constituents of surface soils of Cass County
Labora- _ _ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
tor Soil type Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
Num er gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
7239 Bibb fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . 5 4 3 5 4 2

Average Bowie fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 5 5 3

Avera e Kirvin fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 " 4 5 3 4 5 4 3

376 0 Nacogdoches fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . 4 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 4

22917 Ruston fine sand, probably . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average Ruston fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 5 4 4
Table 6. Pot experiments on soils of Cass County
_ _ Corn possibility of plant food
Weight of crop in grams withdrawn, in bushels
Labora- _ _
tory Soil type and crop With Without_ _ _ Phos-
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid
7239 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . .

7239 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . .

7239 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . .

7239 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . .

7240 Bibb fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn . . . . . . 38.7 12.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7240 Bibb fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn . . . . . . 35.1 18 .4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7240 Bibb fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum. . 7.7 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . 1O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7240 Bibb fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum. . 24.4 11.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37646 Bowie fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 8.8 7.8 36.7 14 10 122

37646 Bowie fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.5 8.8 3.7 19.5 11 34 34

73

NOLLVLS LNEIWIHSIJXH "IVHIIIIIIIOIHDV SVXELL ‘I89 ‘ON NILEYITIIH

 

 

Bowie fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . . . .
Bowie fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . . . .
Bowie fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum. .
Bowie fine sand loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum. .
KlfVlIl fine san y loam, probably, surface, corn. . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn. . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum
Kirvln fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn . . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn. . . .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . .. .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . .. .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum.
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . .. .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . .. .
Kirvin fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum.
Kirvin fine sandy loam, robably, subsoil, sorghum.
Nacogdoches fine sandy 0am, surface, corn . . . . . . . .
Nacogdoches fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably, surface, cotton . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably, surface, kafir. . . . . . . .
Huston fine sand, probably, subsoil, cotton . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn .. . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum.
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum.
Huston fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn . . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, corn. . . .
Huston fine sandy loam, probably, subsoil, sorghum .

U1 C»
assesses»sowusoeamaaaazssuzsasuassausmsaw
l-l

p-A

 

M MUM-d

93 SEIILNIIOO NIVLHEIO JO S'IIOS e10 NOIILISOJWOO “IVOINHHO

26 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

  
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  

Soils of Dickens County

Dickens County comprises an area of 893 square miles in northwestern
Texas and lies mostly within the Central Plains region of Texas, although
a small area in the northwestern part of the county lies within the Llano T
Estacado or High Plains region. Thirty-three types and phases of soil
in 12 series were mapped. The most extensive soil type is the Miles 1
fine sandy loam, which, in the normal, rolling, and depression phases,»
covers 26.4 per cent of the area. The next most extensive is the Vernon‘.
very fine sandy loam, which, in the normal and broken phases, covers 9.6 ,
per cent of the area. Rough and stony land in the western and south»
eastern parts of the county, covering 17.5 per cent of the area of the f
county, is too broken for cultivation. Upland soils include the brown to‘
purplish-red soils of the Miles, Vernon, and Amarillo series (66.8 per cent.
of area) and the very dark to black soils of the Abilene and Richfield
series (9.8 per cent). Flat stream-bottom soils include the Spur and .
Miller series (4.7 per cent). '

Description of Soils
Upland Soils:

Abilene soils—-Chocolate-brown to dark chocolate brown, noncalcareous;
topsoil underlain by a dark chocolate brown, heavy subsoil, which passes
into chocolate brown to slightly reddish brown, deep. subsoil containing
considerable lime in the form of soft chalky particles. Covers 6.6 per
cent of the area. 

Amarillo soils—The silty clay loam, the only type mapped, has a dark 1
reddish brown, heavy, silty clay loam topsoil, overlying dark reddish}
brown or dark brownish red, heavy clay subsoil, which passes into 
salmon-colored, calcareous clay deep subsoil. Covers 2.6 per cent of areas

Miles soils—Dark reddish brown or dark brownish red, rather heavy
topsoil overlying deep purplish red to reddish-brown, rather heavy sub-
soil which passes into a bright purplish-red, deep subsoil. The soils are ,
noncalcareous at all these depths. Covers 44.8 per cent of area.

Richfield soils—Very dark brown to nearly black, heavy, noncalcareous
topsoil grading into a dark-brown to nearly black, heavy, noncalcareous}
subsoil underlain by a chocolate-brown to dark reddish brown, calcareous,
clay subsoil containing numerous soft, whitish lime particles. Covers;
3.2 per cent of area. i

Vernon soils—Purplish-red, calcareous topsoil grading into a lighter”
purplish-red, calcareous subsoil which continues to a depth of three fed;
or more. Covers 19.4 per cent of area.

Bottom Land Soils:

Spur soils—Light chocolate-brown to dark chocolate-brown, calcareous;
topsoil underlain by a chocolate-brown to dark chocolate-brown, calca-

Table 7. Analyses of soils of Dickens County
_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tor S011 type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
19955 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .175 .140 536 2.75 .95 758 2.30 3 .50 1.42 7.2 0-4
19956 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .059 .117 396 2.24 .86 312 . . . . . . . . 2.52 . . . . . . . . 7.6 4-12
19957 Abll€I16_Cl3y loam, deep
SUbSOIl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .022 .045 . . . . . . .. 1.82 .78 . . . . . . .. (9.67) . . . . . . .. 1.04 7.5 12-60
19974 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .099 .081 193 1.88 .54 461 .52 .64 .64 7.2 0-8
19975 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .068 .069 101 1.80 55 61 .44 .64 .68 7.3 8-16
19976 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .050 .059 103 1 .99 .63 249 .45 .54 .84 7.2 16-36
Average Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .137 .111 365 2 .32 .75 610 1.41 2 .07 1.03 7.2 . . . . . . . .
Average Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .064 .093 249 2.02 .71 187 .44 1 .58 .68 7 .5 . . . . . . . .
Average Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .052 103 1.91 .71 249 .45 .54 .94 7.4 . . . . . . ..
19983 Abilene fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 .055 56 1.66 .39 215 .41 .15 50 . . . . . . . . 0-5
19984 Abilene fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .070 .046 42 1.53 .43 215 .42 .20 .64 7.2 5-18
19985 Abilene fine sandy loam, _
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . .  .058 .048 68 1.44 .61 391 1.39 2.07 .68 7.7 18-30
19968 Amarillo silty clay loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .083 .042 27 1.52 .34 194 .36 .20 .40 6.8 0-6
19969 Amarillo silty clay loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .069 .036 23 1.62 .54 209 .55 .64 .70 7.1 6-28
19970 Amarillo silty clay loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . .. .034 .019 27 1.77 .48 219 1.50 1.87 .76 7.7 28-42
19948 Miles clay loam, surface. .. . . 111 .052 71 2.17 .55 325 .56 1,58 _78 7_() 0-5
19949 Miles clay loam, subsoil. . ._ . . . . . . . . . . .054 40 2.54 .72 335 .67 1.63 .99 7.0 5-18
19950 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. .063 .043 65 2.51 .57 408 2 _ 17 3 , 73 1_()7 7 _ '7 13_3()
19951 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. . . . . . . . . .056 12 1.75 .46 78 19.68 36.33 1.85 7.9 30-36
19965 Miles fine sand, suriaoe. . . . . .039 .020 20 1.12 .08 51 _15 _2() _1() 72 ()_4
19966 Miles fine sand, subscil. . . . .019 .013 13 1.53 .07 39 ,11 _25 _()3 6_3 4._2g
19967 Miles fine sand, deep subsoil. .041 .020 11 . . . . . . . . .34 98 ,3] _3() _45 6_9 23436
17277 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .045 .042 24 . . . . . . . . .28 214 _ 18 5,10 , 18 7 , 3 -8
17278 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .064 .031 11 . . . . . . . . .74 301 .35 .90 .44 7.2 8-20
17279 Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .034 .033 24 . . . . . . . . 55 . . . . . . . . .26 .80 .19 7.0 20-36

L3 SEILLNIIOO HIV-LEIGH) .10 STIOS JO NOLLISOJWOO TVOIIAIGIHO

Table 7. Analyses of soils of Dickens County (continued)
Total Active v Acid- . Acid- _ Acid-
Labora- Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tor Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
17292 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .043 .025 22 . . . . . . . . . 13 119 .25 0 .13 6.5 0-10
17293 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .057 .033 70 . . . . . . . . .49 281 .30 .30 .39 6.4 10-24
17294 Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .034 .020 51 . . . . . . . . .13 250 .17 .25 . .12 7.1 24-36
19952 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .098 .052 41 1.72 .40 285 .42 1.21 .40 7 .1 0-8
19953 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .089 .041 19 2.00 .60 358 .49 1 .58 .77 7.2 8-24
19954 Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .052 .042 15 1 .89 .49 235 .40 1 .35 .67 6.9 24-36
19989 Miles fine sandy loam, flat
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .067 .039 48 1 .23 .24 221 .32 .25 .35 7.1 0-12
19990 Miles fine sandy loam, flat
phase, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .058 .033 18 1.37 .39 198 .50 .69 .50 7.3 12-24
19991 Miles fine sandy loam, flat
phase, deep subsoil . . . . . . . .032 .021 16 1.24 .32 145 .37 .35 .42 7.7 24-36
Average Miles fine sandy loam, surface .063 .040 34 1.48 .26 210 .29 1.64 .27 7.0 . . . . . . . .
Average Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .067 .035 30 1 .69 .56 285 .41 .87 .53 7 .0 . . . . . . . .
Average Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .038 .029 27 1.57 .37 210 .30 .69 .35 7.2 . . . . . . . .
19980 Miles very fine sandy loam,
rolling phase, surface . . . . . . .043 .017 25 1.17 .06 101 .17 .15 .16 7.3 0-10
19981 Milesvery fine sandy loam,
rolling phase, subsoil . . . . . . .054 .022 14 1.51 .38 198 .43 .79 .52 7.1 10-18
19982 Miles very fine sandy loam.
rolling phase, deep subsoil. .046 .016 12 1.90 .25 129 .26 .15 .33 7.3 18-36
19986 Richfield silty clay loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 .081 57 1.76 .39 419 .45 .45 .43 6.7 0-5
19987 Richfield silty clay loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .064 .073 155 1 .82 .65 384 .83 .74 .85 7.5 5-20
19988 Richfield silty clay loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .091 447 1 .60 .68 433 1.56 1.48 .82 7.6 20-36
19936 Spur clay loam, surface. . . . . .174 .091 257 1.83 .68 666 1.04 .20 .79 7.4 0-10
19937 Spur clay loam, subsoil. . . . . . .096 .068 69 1.92 .65 181 .92 .15 .80 7.3 10-18
19938 Spur clay loam, deep subsoil. .076 .061 157 1.91 .64 374 1.84 1.48 .80 7.7 18-24
19939 Spur clay loam, deep subsoil. .050 .055 111 1 .70 .52 269 2.33 2 .02 .65 7.5 24-36
19960 Spur fine sandy loam, surface. .098 .068 193 1.58 .38 263 3.25 3.11 .67 7 .4 0-6
19961 Spur fine sandy loam, subsoil. .078 .067 164 2 .05 .40 163 4.25 .81 .67 7.4 6-12

83

NOIJLVLS LNEINIHEIJXII "IVHHLTHOIHDV SVXELL ‘I89 ‘ON MLLEYYIIIH

 

19962 Spur fine sandy loam, subsoil. .063 .069 236 1.98 .39 260 5 .48 10 -|— 71 7 . 3 12-20
19963 Spur fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil. . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . .060 .061 255 1.72 .41 286 3.30 . . . . . . . . 75 7.6 20-30
19964 Spur fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .047 .063 188 1 .63 .38 174 4.18 4.33 .70 7 . 6 30-36
19958 Spur loam, surface. . .. . . . . .. .105 .104 422 1.68 .60 460 4.12 6.26 .75 7.6 0-8
19959 Spur loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . .058 .092 178 1.79 .74 186 7 .90 10 + 1.28 8.0 8-36
19971 bpur loamy fine sand, surface .049 .049 125 1.64 .21 125 2 .30 2.36 .45 7.3 0-10
19972 bpur loamy fine sand, subsoil .036 .041 150 1.69 2O 114 2.90 4.15 .40 7.5 10-24
19973 Spur loamy fine sand, deep -
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .020 .041 130 1.52 .21 100 4.00 4.55 45 7.7 24-36
19940 Spur very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 .073 307 1 .48 .46 499 3 .36 4. 55 73 7 . 3 0-8
19941 Spur very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .049 .067 28 2.12 52 279 7.89 14 40 67 7.5 8-30
19942 Spur very fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .027 .054 244 2.04 .37 98 5.37 10.28 .76 7.6 30-36
17250 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .116 .133 394 . . . . . . .. .87 712 1.21 1.60 1.41 6.8 0-6
17251 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .064 .159 709 3.58 .85 282 4.69 7.85 1.96 7.9 6-18
17252 Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .053 .155 512 . . . . . . .. .86 227 3.95 10.86 1.21 7.8 18-36
17301 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .113 .078 142 . . . . . . .. .86 477 3.91 7.10 .70 7.5 -4
17302 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .091 .068 105 . . . . . . . . .84 120 7.48 10 + 1.58 7.3 4-20
17303 Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .057 .104 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 53 14.62 10 + .63 7.8 20-36
17304 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .096 . . . . . . . . 205 . . . . . . . . .84 509 2.02 4.40 .85 . . . . . . . . 0-6
17305 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .070 .078 110 . . . . . . . . .84 299 3.33 5.05 1.40 7 8 6-24
17306 Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .051 .065 7 . . . . . . . . .76 . . . . . . . . 9 56 10 + 1.34 8 0 24-36
19945 Vernon clay loam, flat phase,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .140 .082 236 3.16 71 314 78 1.14 1.68 7 5 0-4
19946 Vernon clay loam, flat phase,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .095 .069 231 3.17 .66 276 2.67 4.72 1.87 7.5 4-12
19947 Vernon clay loam, flat phase,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .046 .114 12 3.03 .58 80 12 .05 10 + 2.87 7.7 12-36
19977 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .122 .108 414 2.81 .41 203 3.26 4.50 .80 7.5 0-5
19978 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .084 .112 278 2.84 .54 104 8.84 18.60 1.28 7.7 5-18
19979 Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .032 .131 584 2.71 62 98 6.41 16.26 1.46 7.7 18-36
Average Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .117 .100 278 2.99 .74 443 2.24 3.75 1.09 7.3 . . . . . . . .
Average Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .081 .097 287 3.20 .75 216 5.40 9.06 1.62 7.6 . . . . . . . .
Average Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .048 .114 279 2.87 .71 115 9.32 13.56 1.50 7.8 . . . . . . ..
19943 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .068 .095 326 2.55 .36 131 6.48 7.56 1.47 7 5 0-12
19944 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .053 .095 280 2.39 .30 81 6.68 14.60 1.10 7 5 12-36

63 SEII-LNIIOO NIVLIIEIO JO STIOS ¢IO NIOLLISOJIAIOO “IVOIWEIHO

Table 8. Grade of constituents of surface soils of Dickens County
Labora- _ _ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
tory S011 type Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
Number gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
Average Abilene clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2

19983 Abilene fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 5 2 . . . . . . . .

19968 Abilene silty clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 2 3 3 3 5 2 2

19948 Miles clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 1 2 2 2 3 1 2

19965 Miles fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 3 5 4 4 5 4 2

Average Miles fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . 3 4 4 2 3 2 3 3 3 2
19980 Miles very fine sandy loam, rolling
phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 3 5 3 4 5 3 2

19986 Richfield silty clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 2 3 1 2 4 2 2

19936 Spur clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 5 1 2

19960 Spur fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 2

19958 Spur loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

19971 Spur loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 2

19940 Spur very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2

Average Vernon clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2

19943 Vernon very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 2

i‘ NOLLVLS LNEINIHEIJXEI "IVHILIIIIIOIHDV SVXELL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLHTTIIH

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 31

Table 9. Composition of soluble salts in some of the soils of Dickens County
(parts per million)

     

Lab. Depth Cale. Calc. Mag. Mag. Sod. Sod.
No. Inches Carb. Sulp. Carb. Sulp. Sulp. Chlor.
I
13244 Surface soil. . . . . 0-8 302 a . . . . . . . . 167 . . . . . . . . 557 239
13245 Subsoil . . . . . . . . . 8—20 367 ‘l . . . . . . . . 48 119 742 219
26224 Surface soil. . . . . 0-15 275 I 2850 . . . . . . . . 3069 2154 3613
26225 Subsoil . . . . . . . . . 15-30 275 i 2561 . . . . . . . . 2667 2428 1766

reous subsoil which locally becomes somewhat lighter in texture with
depth and in places has a reddish-brown color. The deep subsoil is a
light purplish-red, loamy, fine sand which extends several feet without
much change. Covers 3.7 per cent of area.

Composition of Soils—Table 7 gives the analyses of a number of the
principal soil types and Table 8 the grades of constituents of the sur-
face soils. Nearly all of the soils are well supplied with all constituents.
Water is the principal factor governing crop production in this county;
it seems probable that most of the soils are sufficiently high in fertility
to produce such crops as will be produced in the absence of irrigation.

Pot experiments—No pot experiments were made with any of the
samples of soil from Dickens County.

Fertilizers—Water is the principal limiting factor for crop growth in
Dickens County. Unless irrigation is provided, the use of fertilizers is
not recommended. Where irrigation is provided, crops may respond to
the addition of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but probably would not
respond to potash at the present time. Lime is not needed on these
soils.

Saline Soils—The soluble salts found in two saline soils in Dickens
County are given in Table 9. Sulphates make up a large part of the
soluble salts, although chlorides are quite high in soils No. 26224-5.
These soils probably contain considerable quantities of gypsum not in
solution.

Soils of Falls County

Falls County comprises an area of 757 square miles in east-central
Texas. It lies mainly within the Blackland Prairie region, although the
extreme southeastern part includes a small segment of the western
fringe of the East Texas Timber Country. Thirty-five types and phases
of soil in 20 series were mapped. The most extensive soil type is the
Houston black clay, which occupies 17.6 per cent of the area, followed
by the Wilson clay loam (10.0 per cent) and the Houston clay (9.0 per
cent). Upland soils include the friable, heavy dark-colored soils of the

32 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Houston, Bell, Lewisville, and Crockett series (32.5 per cent); the tight,
heavy, dark-colored soils of the Wilson and Irving series (16.4 per cent);
the dark-colored, fine sandy loams of the Wilson, Irving, Crockett, Falls,
and Riesel series (16.8 per cent); and the light-colored, sandy soils of
the Milam, Norfolk, Susquehanna, Tabor, and Leaf series (10.3 per cent).
Alluvial soils (21.1 per cent) include soils of the Miller, Yahola, Trinity,
Pledger, Catalpa, and Ochlockonee series.

Description of Soils

Upland Soils of the Blackland Prairies (68.6 per cent of area):

Bell soils—-A deep, dark, calcareous topsoil with a black or very dark
gray, calcareous subsoil passing downward with little change, except that
the color becomes slightly lighter with increase in depth. Covers 5.0
per cent of the area.

Crockett soils—Dark-brown to nearly black, noncalcareous topsoil grading
into a heavy clay subsoil which is brown in the clay loam and mottled
gray, yellow, and red in the fine sandy loam, and grades into a yellow
and gray mottled, noncalcareous, clay deep subsoil. Covers 3.7 per cent
of area.

Falls soils—The fine sandy loam, the only type represented, has a dark
ash-gray, fine sandy loam topsoil abruptly underlain by a dull-gray, dense
clay subsoil containing red, yellow, and brown spots and streaks grading
into a dull-gray, heavy, clay deep subsoil containing almost white particles
which appear to be gypsum. Covers 4.7 per cent of area.

Houston soils—The black clay, to a depth ranging from 12 to 20 inches,
consists of black, calcareous clay which grades into slightly lighter colored,
heavy, calcareous, dark-gray clay subsoil grading into yellow or yellowish-
brown marl, soft chalk, or chalky marl. The clay is less dark than the
black clay, less deep in development of soil layers, and about the same
in heavy structure characteristics; but it is more subject to erosion.
Covers 26.6 per cent of area.

Irving soils—Dark-gray, noncalcareous topsoil, which, when air-dry, is
tight and dense, grading very sharply into dense, gray clay, noncalca-
reous subsoil, which in turn grades into a slightly lighter colored gray,
tough, clay deep subsoil, which, although not calcareous, contains some
fine concretions of lime, increasing in number with increase in depth.
Covers 6.0 per cent of area. i

Lewisville soils—Brown, crumbly, calcareous topsoil grading into lighter
brown, calcareous, crumbly clay subsoil, which in turn grades into soft,
friable, yellowish-brown or buff, calcareous, clay deep subsoil containing
lumps of white calcium carbonate. Covers .9 per cent of area.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 33

Riesel soils—The fine sandy loam, the only type represented, has a
dark grayish-brown or blackish-gray, heavy, fine sandy loam topsoil, grad-
ing into dull reddish-yellow, tough clay subsoil containing a few water-
worn pebbles, which in turn grades into tough, heavy clay, deep subsoil
mottled with red, gray, and yellow, which extends downward several feet
and rests on marl. Covers .2 per cent of area.

Sumter s0i1s—Brown or greenish-brown, calcareous topsoil grading into
a yellow or greenish-yellow subsoil and thence into a calcareous, shaly
clay or marl deep subsoil of yellow and gray mixed colors. Covers 1.8
per cent of area.

Wilson soils—Dark-gray topsoil rather heavy when Wet but tight-hard,
and crusted in places when dried without cultivation, resting on a heavy,
tough, dense, gray subsoil of hardpan character, which grades into yellow
or mottled yellow and gray, calcareous deep subsoil containing some
white concretions of calcium carbonate and some fine black pellet-like
concretions. Covers 19.5 per cent of area. l

Upland soils of the East Texas Timber Country (10.3 per cent of area):

Leaf soils—Gray topsoil grading into yellow subsoil which grades into
heavy, mottled, deep subsoil in which yellow, gray, and red colors occur
in mottled form, extending down several feet and resting on beds of
rounded gravel or sandy, water-laid materials. Covers 5.7 per cent of
area:

Milam soils——Light-brown, loose topsoil which grades into red, crumbly
subsoil, grading into the deep subsoil which becomes less red and assumes
a yellowish-red color. Covers .8 per cent of area.

Norfolk soils——A thin topsoil of light-gray, loose, fine sand which grades
into pale-yellow, fine sand subsoil continuing to a depth of several feet.
Covers 1.3 per cent of area.

Susquehanna soils—Light-gray, fine sand topsoil, grading into yellow,
fine sand subsoil which grades sharply into heavy, dense, red, clay deep
subsoil containing mottlings of gray, and in the lower portion mottled
red, gray, and yellow, fine sandy clay. Covers 2.2 per cent of area.

Tabor s0ils—S1milar to the Susquehanna, but the land is less washed
or eroded than that soil, and it has a more permeable subsoil. Covers
.3 per-cent of area.

Alluvial soils (21.1 per cent of area):

Catalpa ‘s0i1s—Brown or grayish-brown, heavy, calcareous clay or clay
loam to a depth of several feet. Covers 5.5 per cent of area.

34 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Miller soils—Chocolate-red, crumbly, calcareous topsoil which grades
into slightly brighter red, calcareous, crumbly subsoil extending downward
several feet. Covers 2.9 per cent of area.

Ochlockonee soils—Brown or light-brown topsoil grading into a yellow
or yellowish-brown subsoil, which grades into a gray, fine sand or fine
sandy loam, and in places dark-gray clay or mottled gray and yellow,
sandy clay. Covers .6 per cent of area.

Pledger soils—Heavy, black, calcareous clay topsoil grading into reddish-
brown or chocolate-brown, calcareous, heavy clay which extends to a
depth of several feet. Covers 2.2 per cent of area.

Trinity soils—Black or nearly black, heavy, calcareous, clay topsoil
which is very sticky when wet, crumbly when moist, and on drying sep-
arates to fine-grain aggregates, underlain by dark-gray, calcareous clay
of about the same character, extending downward several feet. Covers
3.2 per cent of area. '

Yahola soils—Dark chocolate-red, calcareous, silty clay which is crum-
bly when moist and on drying separates naturally to fine-grain particles,
grading into a chocolate-red, calcareous, silty, clay subsoil which is per-
meable and crumbly, and passing into lighter textured deep subsoil which
varies" from place to place. Covers 6.7 per cent of area.

Composition of soils-—The analyses of the different soil types are given
in Table 10 and the grades of constituents of the surface soils in Table 11.
The soils of the Blackland Prairies are moderately well supplied (Grades
3 and 2) with nitrogen, but most of the soils of the East Texas Timber
Country region are probably deficient (Grades 4 and 5). With the ex-
ception of the alluvial soils, they are low in total and active phosphoric
acid (Grades 4 and 5). Most of the soils are well supplied with total,
acid-soluble, and active potash (Grades 1, 2, and 3), although a few are
probably deficient (Grades 4 and 5), particularly in acid-soluble potash.
Only soils of the Norfolk and Susquehanna series are low in acid-soluble
lime, while these, with the Wilson soils, are low in acid-soluble magnesia
(Grades 4 and 5). None of the soils analyzed were sufficiently acid to
interfere with the growth of most crops.

Pot experiments——Results of pot experiments are given in Table 12.
All of the soils responded well to nitrogen and phosphoric acid additions;
potash was added to only a few soils, and these did not respond to the
addition.

Fertilizers-The need of fertilizers carrying nitrogen and phosphoric
acid is indicated, but the value of potash fertilization is questionable.
Lime is not needed.

Table l0.

Analyses of soils of Falls County

_ Total Active Acid- Acid- _ Acid-
Labora- _ N itr0- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tory S011 type gen -Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
35186 Bell clay, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .084 .068 96 .90 .51 244 7.02 12.60 .90 8.1 0-7
35175 Bell clay, SIIbSOIl . . . . . . . . . . . .065 .060 94 1.00 .42 65 7.26 12.89 1.04 8.3 7-36
35650 Bell clay, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .147 .060 83 .75 .37 267 3.54 5.80 .65 8.0 0-10
35651 Bell clay, SUbSOIl. . . ._ . . . . . . . .102 .043 6 .54 .25 48 9.56 16.70 .58 8.0 10-18
35652 Bell clay, deep S11bS01l.. . .. . . .034 .027 4 .48 .24 19 20.55 35.80 .63 8.2 18—36
Average Bell clay, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .116 .064 90 .83 .44 256 5.28 6.70 .78 8 . 1 . . . . . . . .

Average Bell clay, subsoil. . . ._ . . . . . . . .084 .052 50 - .77 .34 57 8.41 14.80 .81 8.2 . . . . . . . .

Average Bell clay, deep SUbSOIl. . . .. . . .034 .027 4 .48 .24 19 20.55 35.80 .63 8.3 . . . . . . . .

35189 Catalpa clay, surface . . . . . . . . .129 . 140 25 1 . 18 .59 301 19.45 34.56 .75 8.2 0-7

35174 Catalpa clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .117 .140 9 1.08 .51 175 22.86 41.25 .92 8 . 1 7-36

35613 Catalpa clay, surface . . . . . . . . . 129 .144 18 1 . 18 .68 274 19.27 34.70 .84 7.8 0-10

35614 Catalpa clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .126 .137 10 .99 .56 112 20.53 38.10 1.44 8.0 10-36

Average Catalpa clay, surface . . . . . . . . .129 .142 22 1 . 18 .64 288 19.36 34.60 .80 8.0 . . . . . . . .

Average Catalpa clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .122 .139 10 1.04 .54 144 21.70 39.68 1.18 8 .0 . . . . . . . .
35617 Catalpa clay loam, surface... .094 .088 243 1.63 .36 327 .55 .85 .46 7.5 0-10
35618 Catalpa clay loam, subsoil .. . .083 .069 161 1.60 .32 252 .57 .90 .43 7.5 10—-36
35609 Crockett clay loam, surface. . .073 .038 7 1.34 .50 255 .61 1.05 .91 6.9 0-10
35610 Crockett clay loam, subsoil. . .048 .085 (162) 1 .92 .66 216 2.25 3.11 1.26 8.0 10-36
35170 Crockett fine sandy loam,

surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .068 .028 6 1 . 65 . 19 175 .23 .38 . 16 6. 7 0-7
35173 Crockett fine sandy loam,
subso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .049 .022 4 1 .54 .28 105 .33 . 65 .36 6. 6 30-36
35604 Crockett fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .057 .030 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 . . . . . . . . .02 . . . . . . . . 7.4 0-12
35605 Crockett fine sandy loam,
su s0' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .071 .032 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 . . . . . . . . .51 . . . . . . . . 6.8 12-24
35607 Crockett fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .031 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 . . . . . . . . .50 . . . . . . . . 6.7 24-36
Average Crockett fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .063 .029 1.65 .19 171 .23 .20 .16 7.0 . . . . . . ..
Average Crockett fine sandy 10am, .
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .060 .027 1 .54 .28 145 .33 .58 .36 6.7 . . . . . . . .
Average Crockett finesandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .031 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 . . . . . . . . .50 . . . . . . . . 6.7 . . . . . . . .
35167 Falls fine sandy loam, surface .059 .024 10 .95 .27 127 . 14 .30 . 14 7.1 0-7
35171 Falls fine sandy loam, subsoil .059 .022 5 .98 .29 102 .61 1 . 10 .36 7.3 7-20
35178 Falls fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .047 .026 4 .97 .28 114 .59 1 .02 .35 7.6 20-36

98 SIKLLNIIOO NIVLHEIO JO STIOS eIO NOLLISOJIAIOO TVOIWEIHO

v

Table 10. Analyses of soils of Falls County (continued)
_ Total Active Acid- _ Acid- _ Acid-
Labora- _ N1tro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tory S011 type en AClCl Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Number er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
35588 Falls fine sandy loam, surface .060 .024 5 1 .02 .22 108 .23 .38 .20 6.8 0-10
35589 Falls fine sandy loam, SIIbSOIl .058 .025 4 .93 .41 133 .59 1.00 .57 6.9 10-15
35590 Falls fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .024 .019 2 1.03 .23 126 .49 .85 .42 7.6 15-36
Average Falls fine sandy loam, surface .060 .024 8 .99 .25 - 118 . 19 .34 . 17 7.0 . . . . . . . .
Average Falls fine sandy loam, SLIbSOIl .059 .024 5 .96 .35 118 .60 1.05 .47 7. 1 . . . . . . . .
Average Falls fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .023 3 1 .00 .26 120 .54 .94 .39 7.6 . . . . . . . .
35180 Houston black clay, on chalk,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 .124 14 . 73 .43 69 20.93 48.81 .96 8 .2 0-7
35176 Houston black clay, on chalk,
su soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .122 .110 10 .63 .31 13 27.64 47.40 .90 8.3 7-24
35184 Houston black clay, on chalk,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .083 . 119 4 .39 .22 20 37.24 68.80 .67 8.2 24-40
35188 Houston black clay, on marl,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 095 . 064 139 1 .33 . 64 390 3 . 57 5. 63 1 .22 8 . 0 0-7
35182 Houston black clay, on marl,
su soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .079 .078 197 1.96 .81 236 4.90 7.63 1.02 7.6 7-24
35190 Houston black clay, on marl,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .089 ' .071 160 1.90 .83 255 .74 7.15 1.21 7.9 24-36
35599 Houston black clay, flat
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .070 .060 113 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 . . . . . . . . 5.95 . . . . . . . . 8.2 0-10
35600 Houston black clay, flat
phase, subsoil. . . . . . . . . . .. .063 .056 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 270 . . . . . . .. 6.10 . . . . . . .. 8.1 10-36
35635 Houston black clay, on chalk,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 .127 18 .69 . . . . . . . . 87 . . . . . . . . 38.40 . . . . . . . . 7.7 0-7
35636 Houston black clay, on chalk,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .119 .129 10 .49 . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . 51.50 . . . . . . . . 7.9 7-20
35637 Houston black clay, on chalk,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .070 .121 5 1.20 . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . 74.10 . . . . . . . . 8.0 20-36
35638 Houston black clay, on marl,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .076 .082 106 .40 . . . . . . . . 226 . . . . . . . . 11.05 . . . . . . . . 8.0 0-15
35639 Houston black clay, on marl,
su soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .052 .066 40 1.20 . . . . . . . . 142 . . . . . . . . 13.40 . . . . . . . .- 8.2 15-30
35640 Houston black clay, on marl,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .094 49 1 .92 . . . . . . . . 95 . . . . . . . . 17.60 . . . . . . . . 7.6 30-36
Average Houston black clay, surface. . . 114 .091 78 .79 .54 223 12.25 21 .97 1 .09 8.0 . . . . . . . .
Average Houston black clay, subsoil. . .087 .088 73 1 .07 a .56 141 16.27 25 .21 .96 8 .0 . . . . . . . .

NOLLVIS LNEINIHIIJXEI TVHIILTIIOIHDV SVXIIJ} ‘I89 'ON NLLEITIIIH

98

 

Average
35596
35597
35598
35627
35628
35629
35648
35649

Average

Average

Average
35579
35580
35601
35002
35603

Average

Average

Average
35630
35631
35632

5100
5101
35583
35584
35585

35591
35592

Houston black clay, deep
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, gray phase,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, gray phase,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, gray phase,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, on chalk, sur-
ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, on chalk, sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay on chalk, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, on marl, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, on marl, sub-
S01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Houston clay, surface . . . . . . .
Houston clay, subsoil . . . . . . .
Houston clay, deep subsoil.
Irving clay loam, surface. . . .
Irving clay loam, subsoil. . . .
Irving clay loam, shallow
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .
Irving clay loam, shallow
phase, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . .
Irving clay loam, shallow
phase. deep subsoil . . . . . . .
Irving clay loam. surface. . . .
Irving clay loam, subsoil. . . .
Irving clay loam, deep subsoi]
Irving fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Irving fine sandy loam, sub-
S01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Irving fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leaf fine sandy loam, prob-
ably, surface . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leaf fine sandy loam, prob-
ably, subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leaf fine sandy loam, surface
Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil
Leaf fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leaf fine sandy loam, surface
Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil.

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SHILNHOQ NIVLHEIQ JO SrIIOS JO NOLLISOJWOO "IVOIWEIHO

L8

Table l0. Analyses of soils of Falls County (continued)
_ Total Active Acid- Acid- _ . Acid-
Labora- N1tro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Bas1c- Soluble
tor Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent M1ll1on Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
35593 Leaf fine sandy loam, deep
su soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .024 .016 4 .72 .32 112 .47 .95 .49 7.3 , 24-36 +
35181 Leaf fine sandy loam, surface .056 .030 36 .76 .08 91 .28 .30 .09 7.5 -
35187 vLeaf fine sand loam, subsoil. .033 .020 10 .65 .09 62 . 19 .25 . 11 7.8 7-21
35185 Leaf fine san y loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .043 .028 5 .84 .27 126 .61 .64 .25 7.4 21-36 +
35653 Leaf fine sandy loam. surface. .044 .019 8 .46 . 12 64 . 15 .15 .12 7 . 8 0-12
35654 Leaf fine sand loam, subsoil. .028 .012 5 .54 .32 106 .31 .50 .42 5.6 12-30
35655 Leaf fine san y loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .022 .010 7 .83 .36 94 .33 .50 .43 5.6 30-36 +
Average Leaf fine sandy loam, surface. .044 .024 25 .61 . 11 119 .21 .25 . 14 7.5 . . . . . . . .
Average Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil. .030 .019 7 . 66 .25 109 .25 .41 .32 6.2 . . . . . . . .
Average Leaf fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .018 5 .79 .31 107 .44 .65 .38 6.8 . . . . . . . .
35581 Lewisville clay, surface . . . . . . .096 . 152 21 .89 .43 80 22.19 42 .20 .63 8 .2 0-10
35582 Lewisville clay, subsoil . . . . . . .068 . 130 7 .67 .27 50 32.59 59.40 .61 8.2 10-36 +
17597 Milam fine sandy loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . . .021 .017 13 . . . . . . . . .08 80 .20 .25 . 11 . . . . . . . . 0-12
17598 Milam-fine sandy loam,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .019 .012 8 . . . . . . . . . 10 79 .28 .25 .12 . . . . . . . . 12-24
35594 Milam fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .061 .046 81 .59 .15 87 .47 .70 .16 8. 0-12
35595 Milam fine sandy loam, sub-
soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .041 .047 49 .68 .27 112 .80 1.00 .35 8. 12-36+
Average Milam fine sandy loam. sur-
ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .041 .032 47 59 .12 84 .34 .48 .14 8.5 . . . . . . ..
Average Milam fine sandy loam, sub-
soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .030 29 .62 .19 96 .54 .63 .24 8.0 . . . . . . . .
35622 Miller clay, surface . . . . . . . . . .106 .130 328 2.50 1 .39 571 5.80 11.00 3.04 7.5 0-7
35623 Miller clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .091 .128 275 2.66 1 .33 365 5.46 10.90 2.23 7.8 7-36 +
35169 Norfolk fine sand. surface. . . .023 .015 12 1.10 .05 61 .06 .00 .04 7.1 0-7
35168 Norfolk fine sand, subsoil. . . . .014 014 7 1.09 .05 57 .05 .00 .04 8.1 7-36 +
35644 Norfolk fine sand, surface. . . .038 .018 41 .57 .05 139 .11 .05 .06 7.1 0-7
35645 Norfolk fine sand, subsoil. . .. .014 .011 14 .50 .07 44 .09 .00 .06 6.9 7-36 +
Average Norfolk fine sand, surface. . . .031 .017 27 .84 .05 100 .09 .03 .05 7.1 . . . . . . . .
Average Norfolk fine sand, subsoil. . . . .014 .013 11 .80 .06 51 .07 .00 .05 7.5 . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .057 .032 11 1.51 .19 122 .27 .28 .18 6.9 0-10

8E

NOI-LVIS LNEIWIHHJXEI TVHHLTQOIHDV SVXELL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLGITIIIEI

 -_____....__..__._, .._. ._ r

Average
Average
Average
35572
35573

35615
35616
35646
35647
35249
35250
35251

Ochlockonee fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pledger clay, surface . . . . . . . .
Pledger clay, subsoil . . . . . . . .
Reisel fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reisel fine sandy loam, sub-
s01 . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . .
Reisel fine sandy loam, deep
subs01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, surface . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, surface . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, surface . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehannafine sandy loam,
deep subs01 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
sur ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
su s01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehannafine sandy loam,
deep subs01 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tabor fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tabolr fine sandy loam, sub-
s01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trinity clay, surface . . . . . . . .
Trinity clay. subsoil . . . . . . . .
Wilson clay, surface. . . . .. . . .
Wilson clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .
Wilson clay loam, surface... .
Wilson clay loam, subsoil. . . .
Wilson clay loam, deep sub-

soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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68 SEILLNIIOO NIVLHEIO ¢IO STIOS d0 NOLLISOJWOD "IVOIWGIHO

Table 10. Analyses of soils of Falls County (continued)
Total Active Acid- Acid- _ Acid-
Labora- Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Baslc- Soluble a
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pII Depth
Number Per Per er Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
35606 Wilson clay loam, surface. . .. .108 .035 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 . . . . . . . . .62 . . . . . . . . 6.7 0-10
35608 Wilson clay loam, subsoil... . .042 .020 8 .61 . . . . . . . . 110 . . . . . . . . .75 . . . . . . . . 7.0 10-36
Average Wilson clay loam, surface. . . . .088 .031 33 .68 .21 179 .50 .97 .29 7 .0 . . . . . . . .
Average Wilson clay loam, subsoil. .. . .046 .020 19 .64 .23 140 1.62 1.33 .39 7.2 . . . . . . . .
Average Wilson clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .072 .022 2 1.48 .39 154 .36 .70 .44 . 6.3 . . . . . . ..
35658 Wilson fine sandy loam, sur-
ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .078 .025 24 1.30 . . . . . . .. 148 . . . . . . .. .92 . . . . . . .. 7.6 0-10
35659 Wilson fine sandy loam, sub- _
so' ..._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .049 .030 68 1.32 . . . . . . .. 162 . . . . . . .. 3.18 . . . . . . .. 7.6 10-36
35574 Wilson fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .041 .015 26 .85 .09 66 .21 .20 .07 7.8 0-12
35575 Wilson fine sandy loam, sub-
s0' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .040 .022 .97 .40 126 .42 .70 .34 5.4 12-20
35576 Wilson fine sandy loam, deep
su so' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .036 .019 1.06 .30 105 .41 .71 .31 5.5 20-36
Average Wilson fine sandy loam, sur-
ace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .060 .020 25 1.08 .09 107 .21 .56 .07 7.7 . . . . . . ..
Average Wilson fine sandy loam, sub-
sc’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .045 .026 37 1.15 .40 244 .42 1.94 .34 6.5 . . . . . . ..
Average Wilson fine sandy loam, deep
su soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .036 .019 5 1.06 .30 105 .41 .71 .31 5.5 . . . . . . . .
35624 Yahola clay, surface . . . . . . . . .123 .160 199 2.76 . . . . . . . . 471 . . . . . . . . 11.70 . . . . . . . . 7.8 0-7
35625 Yahola clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .081 .133 232 2.80 . . . . . . . . 377 . . . . . . . . 11.00 . . . . . . . . 7.9 7-20
35626 Yahola clay, deep subsoil. .. . .058 .105 56 1.95 . . . . . . . . 132 . . . . . . . . 14.70 . . . . . . . . 8.2 20-36
35577 Yahola fine sandy loam, sur-
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .164 .151 333 1.99 .93 770 7.26 13.40 1.92 8.0 0-18
35578 Yahola fine sandy loam, sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .060 .094 102 1.88 .52 329 6.42 12.53 1.69 8.3 18-36

0V

NOLLVLS LNEIWIHHJXEI "IVHILLTIIOIHOV SVXHL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLEYICIIIH

Table ll.

 

Grades of constituents of surface soils of Falls County

Labora-
tor
Num er

Soil type

Nitro-

Total
Phos.
Acid

Active
Phos.
Acid

Total
Potash

Acid-
Soluble
Potash

Active
Potash

Acid-
Soluble
Lime

Basic-
ity

Acid-
Soluble
Magnesia

~o
E1

Average
Average
35617
35609
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
356 0
Average
355 1
Average
35622
Average
356 1
35586
35619
Average
Average
35572
35615
35646
Average
Average
35624
L 35577

Bell clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Catalpa clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Catalpa clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crockett clay loam, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crockett fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . .

Falls fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Houston black clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Houston clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irving clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. . .

Irving fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leaf 1ne sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Lewisville clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Milam fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miller clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norfolk fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ochlockonee fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . .

Pledger clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reisel fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Susquehanna fine sandy loam . . . . . . . .

Tabor fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . .
Wilson fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yahola clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yahola fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Table 12. Pot

experiments on soils of Falls County

   
 
 
  

Weight of crop in grams

Corn possibility of plant food
withdrawn, in bushels

 

Labora-
tory Soil type and crop With Without _ Phos- _
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid
35175 Bell clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 4.2 9.8 5

35175 Bell clay, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.2 6.5 8.2 6

35175 Bell clay, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 3.1 4.8 3

35174 Catalpa clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 . . . . . . . . . . 51

35189 Catalpa clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.7 40.7 30.0 74

35189 Catalpa clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.4 45.5 11.5 82

35189 Catalpa clay, surface, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. 6 37.7 28.0 54

35173 Crockett fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 . . . . . . . . . .

35173 Crockett fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 . . . . . . . . . .

35171 Falls fine sandy loam, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . 3
35167 Falls fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . . . . 12.9 11.5 15
35167 Falls fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.7 11
35178 Falls fine sandy loam, subsoil, wheat . . . . . . . . 1.9 .8 . . . . . . . . . .
35178 Falls fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum. . 6.5 12.6 6
35176 Houston black clay, subsoil, sorghum. . .5 11.8 19.7 13
35176 Houston black clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . .2 3.8 10.2 6

35176 Houston black clay, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 5.3 15.3 4

35180 Houston black clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 17.0 18.2 18

35180 Houston black clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.0 11.0 16.2 15

35180 Houston black clay, surface, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 8.3 12.8 8

35182 Houston black clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 5.1 12.5 6

35182 Houston black clay, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 11.3 9.7 9

35182 Houston black clay, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 4.9 10.4 5

35184 Houston black clay, subsoil, wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.1 6

35188 Houston black clay, surface, rape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 10.5 17

35188 Houston black clay, surface, tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 7.9 3

35190 Houston black clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 5.2 12.8 6

35190 Houston black clay, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 7.5 8.0 7

35190 Houston black clay, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 3.3 15.2 3

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . 51.4 48.7 . . . . . . . . . . 65

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . 48.9 31.8 . . . . . . . . . . 28

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . 49.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum... 31.7 30.2 . . . . . . . . . . 35

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum... 17.4 9.7 . . . . . . . . . . 12

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, sorghum. . . 26.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5100 Leaf fine sandy loam, probably, surface, cotton. . . .. 37.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOLLVLS LNEIWIHERIXEI TVHIIJHDOIHDV SVXGLL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLSYYIHH

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Leaf fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
Leaf fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . .. . . . . . . ..
Leaf fine sandy loam, surface, oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . .

Leaf fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norfolk fine sand, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norfolk fine sand, surface, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, surface, tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sumter clay, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, sudan . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, surface, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, subsoil, corn... .‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wilson clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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44 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Soils of Hardeman County

Hardeman County comprises an area of 693 square miles in northern
Texas on the Rolling Plains. Thirty-three types and phases of soils in
13 series were mapped. The most extensive soil type is the Tillman clay
loam, which occupies 11.5 per cent of the area, although the largest
single classification within the county is rough and broken land in the
southern part, covering 12.8 per cent of the county. Upland soils include
the red soils of the Tillman, Miles, Enterprise, Vernon, and Weymouth
series (58.2 per cent of area) and the dark soils of the Hollister, Abilene,
and Acme series (17.4 per cent of area). Stream-bottom soils include
the Miller, Yahola, Spur, and Tipton series (5.8 per cent of area).

Description of soils
Upland Soils:

Abilene soils—Dark-brown to very dark brown, friable topsoil under-
lain by a very friable and granular, very dark-brown or nearly black,
heavy subsoil grading into a friable, brown or grayish-brown, calcareous,
heavy, deep subsoil. Covers 7.5 per cent of area.

Acme soils—Very thin, very dark brown, friable, platy, calcareous, top-
soil underlain by calcareous, very friable and granular, nearly black, clay
subsoil, grading into a dark-brown, friable, massive, cloddy, clay deep
subsoil, which at a depth ranging from 30 to 40 inches is abruptly under-
lain by glistening white or nearly white pure gypsum. Covers 1.1 per
cent of area.

Enterprise soils—BroWnish-red to brown, faintly calcareous topsoil which
becomes more calcareous and slightly lighter colored in the subsoil and a
deep subsoil of calcareous, mellow, yellowish-red, loamy, fine sand con-
taining a few fine white threads of lime, which continues downward for
many feet without change. Covers 12.2 per cent of area.

Hollister soils—Very dark, grayish-brown, friable, platy surface to a
depth of 1 or 2 inches, underlain by nearly black, moderately granular
and friable subsoil below which is a very compact and tight, clay deep
subsoil, under which is a zone of calcium carbonate accumulation. Covers
8.8 per cent of area.

Miles soils—Dark-brown, friable, platy 1- or 2-inch surface layer under-
lain by dark reddish-brown, friable, granular, heavy subsoil, which be-
comes less dark until it grades into light reddish-brown or brownish-red
friable, clay, deep subsoil. Covers 16.3 per cent of area.

Tillman soils—Dark reddish-brown, friable surface layer 1 to 2 inches
deep, underlain by dark reddish-brown, friable, granular clay, which with
increase in depth becomes more compact and less dark; below a depth of
about 12 inches the soil material is reddish-brown, tight, compact clay.
Covers 11.5 per cent of area.

._ 4 ,..._. ._..___..i_ni_ _ _....__.__c_.a_____<.. _._n-,

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 45

Vernon soils—Reddish-brown or brownish-red, calcareous, compact top-
soil which grades into red, very compact, calcareous, clay subsoil con-
taining a few white spots or concretions of calcium carbonate, which
extends downward for about 30 inches. Covers 11.9 per cent of area.

Weymouth soils—Brownish-red, friable, granular, calcareous topsoil over-
lying a light-colored layer of soil material consisting of a mixture of
light-brown, clay loam and white calcium carbonate. ‘Covers 12.0 per
cent of area.

Stream-bottom Soils:

Yahola soils—Brownish-red or yellowish-red, calcareous topsoil, extreme-
ly variable, and underlain by sand or by thin strata of clay at various
depths. Covers .4 percent of area.

Composition of soils——Table 13 gives the analyses of the different soil
types and Table 14 the grades of constituents of the surface soils. The
soils are probably deficient to ‘moderate in nitrogen and total phosphoric
acid (Grades 3 and 4). They are slightly better in active phosphoric acid
(mainly Grades 2 and 3). With a very few exceptions, the soils are
well supplied with potash. Most of the soils are moderate to high (Grades
1, 2, 3) in acid-soluble lime, acid-soluble magnesia, and basicity, and are
neutral to alkaline in pH (Grades 1 and 2).

Pot experiments—Rcsults of pot experiments are given in Table 15. All
of the soils used in pot work responded markedly to additions of nitrogen
and phosphoric acid, but did not respond to the addition of potash. The
corn possibility of the plant food withdrawn shows a deficiency of nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid, but a very large amount of available potash.

Fertilizers-The need of most of the soils for fertilizers carrying nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid is indicated. Potash fertilizers and lime are not
needed except possibly on small areas or for special crops.

Soils of Polk County

Polk County comprises an area of 1,006 square miles in east-central
Texas, and lies entirely within the geographical region of the East Texas
Timber Country, although a few isolated prairies of the noncalcareous
Wilson-Crockett soil group of the Blackland Prairies account for 6.4 per
cent of the area. Twenty-seven soil types in 14 series were mapped.
The most extensive soil type of the area is the Susquehanna fine sandy
loam, which covers 24.2 per cent of the area, followed by Segno fine
sandy loam (17.8 per cent) and Lufkin fine sandy loam (15.3 per cent).
Upland soils of the East Texas Timber Country include soils with friable
subsoils of the Segno, Caddo, Ruston, and Kalmia series (40.6 per cent
of the area) and those with dense and heavy subsoils of the Susquehanna,
Leaf, Myatt, and Lufkin series (42.8 per cent of the area). Upland soils

97

Table 13. Analyses of soils of Hardeman County

_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid- _ w
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble C!
tory S011 type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth F‘
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches g
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent g
i v-a
Z
37284 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .097 .074 252 1 .82 .78 625 .64 1 .00 .74 8.0 0-7 g
37285 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .075 .064 146 1.74 .69 294 1.28 2.10 .71 8.2 7-19 '
37314 Abileneclay loam, deep . g
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .054 .072 223 1.77 . . . . . . .. 2-71 . . . . . . .. 7.12 . . . . . . .. 8.3 19-31 r
17248 Abilene fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .042 .047 88 1 .62 .25 309 .26 .65 .22 7 .3 0-12 g
17249 Abilene fine sandy loam, >4
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .056 .063 85 1.36 .38 367 .30 .80 .28 7.2 12-36 g>
17307 Abilene fine sandy loam, m
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .058 .080 114 . . . . . . . . .33 279 2.42 3.75 .46 7.6 0-7 3,
17308 Abilene fine sandy loam, Q I
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .056 .064 79 . . . . . . . . .31 176 4.56 7.25 .49 7.7 7-20 p:
17309 Abilene fine sandy loam, deep a‘
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .045 5 . . . . . . . . .29 56 9.36 . . . . . . . . .54 7.8 20-36 q
37304 Abilene fine sandy loam, r1
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .095 .039 78 1 80 . . . . . . . . 989 . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . 6.1 0-7 v-i
37305 Abilene fine sandy loam, C!
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .046 .030 19 1 48 . . . . . . .. 218 . . . . . . . . 62 . . . . . . .. 7.1 7-19 5°
37306 Abilene fine sandy loam, deep ti‘:
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .040 .028 1O 1 48 . . . . . . . . 227 . . . . . . . . 76 . . . . . . . . 7.3 19-31
Average Abilene fine sandy loam, t4
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .065 .055 93 1 71 29 526 1.34 1 62 34 7.0 . . . . . . . . >4
Average Abilene fine sandy loam, g
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .053 .052 61 1.42 .35 254 2 .43 2.89 .39 7.4 . . . . . . . . w
Average Abilene fine sandy loam, »-<
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .043 .037 8 1 48 29 142 .36 38 54 7.5 . . . . . . . . 3
17258 Abilene loam, surface , _ _ , _ , , .073 .070 115 97 . . . . . . . . 475 .28 65 39 7.0 0-7 m
17259 Abiiene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . .061 .065 61 1 83 52 342 .38 75 49 6.9 7-20 g
17260 Abilene loam, deep subsoil. . . .054 .070 37 1 96 58 317 43 90 55 7.0 20-36
17286 Abilene 10am, surface . . . . . . . .058 .051 86 1.21 .41 396 .35 .35 .40 6.9 0-10 m
17287 Abilene loam, subsoil. . . . . . . .056 .042 44 .86 .52 265 .42 .40 .47 7.1 10-24 g
17288 Abilene loam, deep subsoil. .. .041 .044 62 . . . . . . . . .58 222 .57 .65 .67 7.2 24-36 ,3

17313 Abilene loam, surface . . . . . . . .081 .081 164 . . . . . . . . .34 221 4 84 2.00 56 7.6 0-10 H

17314 Abilene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . .064 .058 9 . . . . . . . . .35 69 11.50 1~0 + .52 7.7 10-20 g

17315 Abilene loam, deep subsoil... .044 .070 6 . . . . . . . . .27 37 17.92 10 + .62 7.8 20-36

Average Abilene loam, surface . . . . . . . .071 .067 122 1.09 .38 364 1 82 1.00 .45 7.2 . . . . . . . .

Average Abilene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . .060 .055 38 1 .35 .46 225 4 l0 .38 49 7.2 . . . . . . . .

Average Abilene loam, deep subsoil... .046 .061 35 1.96 .48 192 6.31 .52 61 7.3 . . . . . . . .

37310 Acme clay loam, surface. . ... .127 .111 498 2.20 . . . . . . .. 404 . . . . . . .. 4 .85 . . . . . . .. 8.3 0-7

 ._..._.._.. We  . .

37311
37312
37317

37318

17265
17266
17269
17270
37288
37289
37313
Average
Average
Average
17283
17284
17285

Average
Average
Average

37290
37291
37320
37292
37293
37294
17298
17299
17300

37295
37296
3731 6

Average
Average

Acme clay loam, subsoil. . . . .
Acme clay loam, deep subsoil
Enterprise loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enterprise loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hollister clay, surface . . . . . . .

Hollister clay, subsoil . . . . . . .

Hollister clay, surface . . . . . . .

Hollisler clay, subsoil . . . . . . .

Hollisler clay, surface . . . . . . .

Hollister clay, subsoil . . . . . . .
Hollister clay, deep subsoil . .
Hollister clay, surface . . . . . . .
Hollister clay, subsoil . . . . . . .
Hollister clay, deep subsoil. .
Hollistcr clay loam, surface. .
Hollister clay loam, subsoil. .
Hollister clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hollister clay loarn, surface. .
Hollisler clay loam, subsoil. .
Hcllister clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hollister clay loarn, surface. .
Hollister clay loarn, subsoil. .
Hollister clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hollister clay loam, surface. .
Hollister clay loam, subsoil. .
Hollister clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hollisler clay loam, surface. .
Hollister clay loarn, subsoil. .
Hollister clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles clay loam, surface... . .
Miles clay loarn, subsoil. . . . .
Miles clay loam, deep subsoil
Miles fine sand, surface. . . . .
Miles fine sand, subsoil. . .. . .
Miles fine sand, deep subsoil.
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loarn, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loarn, surface
Miles fine sandy loarn, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loarn, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loarn, surface

Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil

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87

Table 13. Analyses of soils o1’ Hardeman County (continued)

_ Total Active Acid- _ Acid- Acid-

Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble w
torE S011 type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH I De th C!
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inc es T‘
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent F;
____ i
Z
Average Miles fine sandy loam, deep z
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .052 .043 24 1 86 .66 367 49 66 61 7.2 . . . . . . . . _O

17263 Miles loamy fine sand, surface . 035 .045 66 73 .15 170 17 4O 22 6. 5 0-10
17264 Miles loamy fine sand, subsoil .036 .046 32 1 85 .25 147 20 5O 32 6.7 10-36 g
37301 Miles loamy fine sand, surface .052 .034 78 1 66 . . . . . . . . 186 . . . . . . . . 37 . . . . . . . . 7.7 0-7 i“
37302 Miles loamy fine sand, subsoil .041 .025 44 1 55 . . . . . . . . 151 . . . . . . . . 35 . . . . . . . . 7.7 7-19 h]
37303 Miles lo_amy fine sand, deep Q
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .026 35 1 50 . . . . . . . . 149 . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . 7.5 19-31 >4
Average Miles loamy fine sand, surface .044 .040 72 1 20 .15 178 17 39 22 7.1 . . . . . . . . ;>
Average Miles loamy fine sand, subsoil .039 .036 38 1 70 .25 149 2O 43 32 7.2 . . . . . . . . m
Average Miles loamy fine sand, deep t,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .026 35 1 50 . . . . . . . . 149 . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . 7.5 . . . . . . . . g)
37286 Tillman clay loam, surface. . . .109 .065 128 2 34 .93 465 52 98 8O 7.8 0-7 pd
37287 Tillman clay loam, subsoil .. . .084 .059 122 2 20 1.18 423 58 1 09 1 03 7.8 7-19 a‘
37319 Tillman clay loam, deep sub- C;
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .052 .061 325 2.32 . . . . . . . . 144 . . . . . . . . 6.92 . . . . . . . . 8.1 22-31 L-i

7246 Vernon clay, surface . . . . . . . . .087 .074 141 . . . . . . . . .65 513 .28 .81 .17 7.1 0-10 i-l

7247 Vernon clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .080 .055 74 . . . . . . . . .80 381 .47 .63 .28 7.4 10-22 G‘

17274 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .071 .066 159 . . . . . . . . .49 370 1.43 2.95 28 7.4 0-10 w

17275 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .051 .070 132 . . . . . . . . .48 181 ‘ 2.75 .40 28 7.5 10-26 t“:
17276 Vernon clay loam, deep sub-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .044 .078 76 . . .  . .. .58 190 2.98 .65 .43 7.6 26-36 b1
37297 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .074 .052 55 2 26 1.27 217 5.27 7.62 1.71 8.5 0-7 >4
37298 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .054 .065 33 2.26 1.40 13 10.04 19.45 2.33 8.4 7-19 L;
Average Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .073 .059 107 2.26 .88 294 3.35 5.29 1.00 8.0 . . . . . . . . w
Average Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .053 .068 83 2.26 .94 97 6.40 9.92 1 .31 8.0 . . . . . . . . >-<
Average Vernon clay loam, deep sub- 3
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .044 .078 76 . . . . . . . . .58 190 2.98 .65 43 7.6 . . . . . . . . P1
15014 Vernon loam, probably, sur- g
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .076 .071 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 .59 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37307 Weymouth clay loam, surface .154 .075 175 2.14 . . . . . . . . 497 . . . . . . . . 3.09 . . . . . . . . 8.0 0-7 U1
37308 Weymouth clay loam, subsoil .123 .070 99 2.02 . . . . . . . . 65 . . . . . . . . 7.38 . . . . . . . . 8.1 7-12 g
37309 Weymouth clay loam, deep ,4
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .057 .069 7 1.30 . . . . . . .. 17 . . . . . . .. 46.30 . . . . . . .. 8.3 12-19 i-i
37299 Yahola loamy fine sand, sur- a
face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .023 .058 296 1 86 . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . 8 70 . . . . . . . . 8.3 0-7
37300 Yahola loamy fine sand, su b-
soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 056 .074 222 1 84 . . . . . . . . 138 . . . . . . . . 11 20 . . . . . . . . 9.0 7-19

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Table 14. Grades of constituents of surface soils of Hardeman County
Lab0ra- Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
tory Soil type Nitr0- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
Number gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
37284 Abilene clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 1

Average Abilene fine sandy 10am . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 2 3 1 2 3 2 2

Average Abilene 10am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2

37310 Acme clay 10am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 1 1 . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . 1

37317 Enterprise loamy fine sand . . _ . . . . . . . . 4 3 2 2 . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . 1

Average Hollister clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2

Average Hollister clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2

37290 Miles clay 10am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

37292 Miles fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 5 3 1

Average Miles fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 4 2 2

Average Miles loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 2

7286 Tillman clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 1

7246 Vernon clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 . . . . . . . . 2 1 ' 3 3 3 2

Average Vernon clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

15014 Vernon loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 2 . . . . . . . .

37307 Weymouth clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 3 1 . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . 1

37299 Yahola loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3 2 1 . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

SEILLNIIOO NIV-LHEIO :10 STIOS JO NOLLISOJNOO TVOIWHHO

Table l5.

Pot experiments on soils of Hardeman County

Weight of crop in grams

Corn possibility of plant food
withdrawn, in bushels

Labora- _
tory S011 type and crop With Without Phos-
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid -
37284 Abilene clay loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 47.8 12.3 47.3 69 15 421

37284 Abilene clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 ’ 46.8 30.3 54.0 76 47 813

37285 Abilene clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 14.6 15.2 39.2 21 19 425

37285 Abilene clay loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.0 16.7 5.2 45.7 14 8 302

37288 Hollister clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.3 18.7 19.1 35.2 27 30 553

37288 Hollister clay, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 14.0 6.6 34.1 17 11 335

37289 Hollister clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 3.8 14.5 25.6 6 23 360

37289 Hollister clay, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 15.2 3.5 30.6 17 7 317

37282 Hollister clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37282 Hollister clay, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.2 . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . .

37283 Hollister clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . .

' 37283 Hollister clay loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . .

37290 Miles clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1 18.4 25.4 43.8 20‘ 40 611

37290 Miles clay loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 23 .0 22.6 53 .3 18 29 405

37291 Miles clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.8 3.9 18.8 29.3 5 33 329

37291 Miles clay loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.7 9.5 8.5 43.8 9 11 295

37292 Miles fine sand, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 22.6 . . . . . . . . . . 42 34 . . . . . . . . . .

37292 Miles fine sand, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 14.4 . . . . . . . . . . 38 34 . . . . . . . . . .

37293 Miles fine sand, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37294 Miles fine sand, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37294 Miles fine sand, subsoil, k2 fir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37295 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 41.2 18.8 41.1 63 30 732

37295 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 31.6 9.3 36.5 66 27 320

37296 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 17.3 . . . . . . . . . . 9 19 . . . . . . . . . .

37296 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 5.9 . . . . . .'. . . . 21 9 . . . . . . . . . .

37286 Tillman clay loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.5 37.8 20.9 57.2 33 24 424

37286 Tillman clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 38.0 23.4 59.0 44 29 657

37287 Tillman clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43.8 6.1 17.6 45.2 8 22 612

37287 Tillman clay loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 15.9 5.0 41.2 14 8 331

37297 Vernon clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 .0 8.5 13.9 36.6 10 16 284

37297 Vernon clay loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 11.6 4.7 34.8 11 9 213

37298 Vernon clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 3 .5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

37298 Vernon clay loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 .5 12.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOLLVLS LNGIWIHEIJXH ‘TVHIILTHOIHOV SVXCLL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLHTIIIH

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 51

of the Blackland Prairie region include the noncalcareous soils of the
Crockett, Wilson, and Garner series (6.4 per cent of the area). Stream-
bottom soils include soils of the Bibb, Johnston, and Ochlockonee series
(9.2 per cent of the area).

Description of Soils
Upland Soils:

Caddo soils—Dark-‘gray, fine-sand topsoil grading into yellow or gray,
fine-sand subsoil which in places is faintly mottled with brown and con-
tains a few black or brown concretions and at a depth of 12 to 18 inches
grades into mottled yellow and gray friable, fine-sandy clay. Covers 6.4
per cent of area. ’

Crockett soils—Dark-gray or nearly black topsoil which grades into
heavy gray clay subsoil containing red and yellow streaks or spots; in
places, the subsoil has a preponderance of red and in other places yellow
and gray are preponderant. Covers 2.3 per cent of area.

Garner soils—Gray, dark-gray, or brown, heavy topsoil underlain by
gray and mottled clay subsoil which passes into gray, waxy clay con-
taining brown spots and a few black concretions. Covers 1.6 per cent of
area.

Lufkin soils—Gray, sandy topsoil resting on a heavy, gray clay sub-
soil of a putty-like consistency. Covers 16.6 per cent of area.

Ruston soils—Light-brown or grayish-brown topsoil which grades into
brown, reddish-brown, or reddish-yellow subsoil which passes into a red-
dish-yellow or reddish-brown deep subsoil. Covers 1.0 per cent of area.

Segno soils—Gray or light-brown very slightly coherent topsoil which
grades into yellow, friable subsoil and this in turn into yellow, friable
deep subsoil splotched with red or red and gray streaks extending through-
out the yellow mass color. Covers 31.2 per cent of area.

Susquehanna soils—Gray or light brown topsoil passing into light-gray
or yellow subsoil which rests on a dense, heavy, plastic, red and gray
mottled deep subsoil having some yellow streaks in places. Covers 24.2
per cent of area.

Wilson soils—Black or very dark gray, heavy topsoil, waxy and sticky
when wet but coarse and granular when dry, which grades into a dark
bluish-gray or dull gray subsoil which passes into gray, calcareous, clay
deep subsoil containing soft and hard white concretions of calcium car-
bonate. Covers 2.5 per cent of area.

Stream-bottom Soils:

Bibb soils—Light ash-gray topsoil underlain by dark-gray, silty clay
loam several feet thick. Covers 3.8 per cent of area.

Table 16. Analyses of soils of Polk County
_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tory S011 type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per er Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent

33197 Bibb clay, surface . . . . . . . . . . .105 .049 31 .88 .34 297 .50 1.11 .34 5.4 0-1

33198 Bibb clay, surface . . . . . . . . . . .038 .029 8 .91 .22 205 .45 .95 .34 4.9 1-7
33199 Bibb clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . .035 .028 10 .82 .22 192 .51 1.02 .47 5.4 7-24

33195 Bibb clay loam, surface. . . .. .161 .070 169 .92 .19 159 .69 1.37 .30 6.9 0—7
33196 Bibb clay loam, subsoil . . . . . . . 107 .050 44 .92 . 13 93 .63 1.14 .30 6.2 7-24

33193 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface .036 .036 231 1 .32 .06 150 .13 .14 . 11 4.6 0—7
33194 Bibb fine sandy loam, subsoil .029 .014 49 1.40 .05 84 .09 .13 .11 4.7 7-24

47156 Bibb fine sandy loam, surface . . . . . . . . .037 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 . . . . . . . . .39 . . . . . . . . 5.2 -6
Average Bibb fine sandy loam, surface .036 .037 133 1.32 .06 104 .13 .27 .11 4.9 . . . . . . . .

33149 Caddo fine sand, surface. . . .. .078 .030 23 .27 .05 90 .12 .30 .07 7.1 0-2

33150 Caddo fine sand, surface. . . .. .023 .014 7 .18 .03 66 .04 .16 .07 6.9 2-7
33151 Caddo fine sand, subsoil. . . .. .014 .010 5 . 17 .04 67 .03 .19 .06 5.8 7-24

33126 Crockett clay loam, surface .. .071 .023 8 .54 .21 91 .53 .74 .30 6.0 0—7
33127 Crockett clay loam, subsoil. . .039 .016 6 .48 .28 99 .76 1.12 .54 5.7 7-24

33185 Crockett clay loam, surface.. .073 .016 8 .43 .16 94 .43 .60 .27 5.8 0—7
33186 Crockett clay loam, subsoil. . .043 .018 5 .44 .30 117 .75 1.04 .51 5 . 7 7-24

47153 Crockett clay loam, surface.. .080 .029 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 . . . . . . . . 1.22 . . . . . . . . 6.1 0-4

47155 Crockett clay loam, surface. . .119 .036 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 . . . . . . . . .85 . . . . . . . . 5.7 0-4

Average Crockett clay loam, surface.. .086 .026 13 .49 .19 99 .48 .85 .29 5.9 . . . . . . . .

Avera e Crockett clay loam, subsoil. . .041 .017 6 .46 .29 108 .76 1.08 .53 5.7 . . . . . . . .

331 8 Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .095 .050 6 .53 .13 143 .51 .98 .33 5.5 0—7

33141 Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .044 .028 5 .48 .24 169 .55 .98 .52 4.8 0—7

33140 Garner clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .039 .036 5 . 63 . 17 157 .58 1 .00 .41 5.3 14-24

33200 Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .118 .055 10 .51 .27 223 .54 1 . 15 .43 4 . 9 0-4

33201 Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .061 .028 6 .54 .17 156 .49 1 .00 .47 5.1 4-7

33202 Garner clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . 040 .030 5 . 54 .20 139 .56 1 .07 .56 4 .9 7-24

33209 Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .052 .045 4 .63 .28 195 .50 .82 .49 4.8 0—7

Average Garner clay, surface . . . . . . . . .070 .041 6 .54 .24 174 .52 .97 .45 5.0 . . . . . . . .

Average Garner clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .040 .033 5 .59 .19 148 .55 1 .04 .49 5. 1 . . . . . . . .
33124 Lufkin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .047 .022 15 1.20 .06 108 .11 .21 .09 5.3 0-3
33125 Lufkin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .036 .019 8 1.04 .04 60 .11 .12 .08 5. 3-7
33133 Lufkin _fine sandy loam,
sii so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .036 .011 11 1.08 .04 53 .08 .13 .08 5.1 7-10

. . . _.._.__.._M>.....-..i...t L“ ..

Z9

NOLLVLS LNEINIHELIXEI "Ivunmnoiziov SVXELL ‘I89 ‘on MimaTina

33208
33168
33169
33170
33171
33172
33173
47154
Average
Average
33163
33164
33165
33167
33191
33192
47152
3173
3174
Average
Average
33187
33188
33189

Lufkin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sarfdy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy 10am,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lufkin very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,

Ochlockonee clay loam,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee clay loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ochlockonee fine sandy loam,

subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S111‘ HOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘

.029
.029
.045
.052
. 048
.044
. 032
.090
.053
.037
. 124
. 064
. 045
. 080
. 1 56
.095
. 135
.222
.084
. 171
.090
.278
. 123
. 076

.010
.002
.011
.020
.015
.010
.006
.035
.019
.011
.052
.029
.017
.026
.071
.053
.072
.072
.047
.072
.050
.091
.000
.051

147
40
21

r-lr-nnua-n
A
l0

u-n
O
\l

1-1
O
N)

1.10
1.14

60
80
84
134
1 l0
66
60
180
117
68
206
121
95
184
276

. . . . ~ . . .

mmcvasm-w-aaoworagwqoioifaif-W}
' zoqoowooqqoww

. . - . . . . .

10-24

. . - . ~ . - -

SEIISLNHOO NIV-LHHO 1:10 STIOS JO NOLLISOcIWOO ‘IVOIWEEIHO

79

Table 16. Analyses of soils of Polk County (continued) w
C}
_ Total Active Acid— Acid- Acid- E
Labora- _ N1tro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble tr]
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth {j
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches z
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent z
9
33190 Ochlockonee fine sandy loam, g
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .049 .039 12 1.14 .33 152 .41 .64 .32 7.1 10-24 ~
33159 Ruston fine sandy loam, g
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 .032 19 . 19 .04 96 .22 .53 .09 7.6 0-3 H
33160 Ruston fine sandy loam, >4
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .019 9 . 19 .02 71 .07 .09 .05 7.7 3-7 a
33161 Rustonfine sandy loam,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .024 .005 6 .20 .03 64 .06 .03 .05 7.6 7-12 D>
33162 Rustonfine sandy loam, Q
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .027 .019 5 .24 .08 64 .09 .21 .05 5.9 12-24 a
33156 Segno fine sand, surface. . . . . .050 .024 29 .19 .03 62 .12 .32 .08 7.1 0-4 O
33157 Segno fine sand, surface. . . .. .018 .015 8 .18 .04 47 .10 .17 .04 7.2 4-7 C!
33158 Segno fine sand, subsoil. . . . . .013 .015 7 .20 .04 55 .05 .19 .04 7.6 7-24 S
13201 Segno fine sand, probably c:
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .015 33 . . . . . . . . .05 49 .04 .40 .05 . . . . . . . . 0-6 w
13202 Segno fine sand, probably, g,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .025 .013 13 . . . . . . .. .04 41 .08 .10 .09 . . . . . . .. 6-12 r1
Average Segno fine sand, surface. . . . . .040 .018 26 .19 .05 52 .08 .33 .06 7.2 . . . . . . . . m
Average Segno fine sand, subsoil. . . .. .019 .014 10 .20 .04 48 .07 .15 .07 7.6 . . . . . . . . >4
33129 Segno fine sandy loam, w
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .079 .025 50 .13 .03 116 .31 .61 .06 6.8 0-3 p1
33130 Segno fine sandy loam, PU
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .030 .017 .19 .03 58 .08 .06 .04 6.6 3-7 E
33131 Segno fine sandy loam, m
su soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .021 .014 .12 .02 33 .09 .00 .04 6.4 7-15 z
33132 Segno fine sandy loam, a
eep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .045 .023 .20 .14 95 .12 .24 .13 5.5 18-24 m
33142 Segno fine sandy loam, q
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .028 .018 17 .14 .07 84 .06 .20 .04 5.9 0-7 ;>
33143 Segno fine sandy loam, H
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .021 .009 6 .12 .04 84 .04 .15 .04 5.1 7-13 8
33144 Se no fine sandy loam, z
geep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .023 .024 4 .23 11 93 .08 .27 .06 4.5 13-24
33145 Segno fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .056 .014 27 .22 .05 111 .16 .35 .05 5.6 0-3

33146
33147
33148
33152
33153
33154
33155
47157
Average
Average
Average
33134
33135
33136
33174
33175
33176
33177
33178
33179
33180
33181
7163
7164

Segno fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
su s01l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Segno fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fi_ne sandy loam,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
eep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy 10am,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Segno fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Se no fine sandy loam,
eep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
su s01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy 10am,
deep subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy 10am,
su s01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . .
Susquehanna fine sandy loam,

probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . .

.030
. 020
.040
. O25
. 019
. 032
.056
.033
.040
. 020
. 035
.091
.026
.043
. 032
.039
. 029
.059
.033
.089
.026
.043
. 037
. 038

.010
.020
.023
.017
.021
.025
.034
.011
.010
.010
.025
.030
.000
.020
.010
.010
.015
.035 2
.010
.030
.013
.021
.033
.030

88
12
31

23

12

67
85
95
108
105
261
146
48
94
77
136
61
40
96
73
181
122
118
91
63
36
101

104

.25
.27
.36
.15
.17
.29
.28
.28
.26
.15
.29
.42
.07
.34
.05
.15
.10
.46
.64
.42
.12
.41
.76
.20

ioln-bsbobwwoozo

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OOOmfiMrPflfiOOrPiOF‘

93 SEILLNHOO NIIVLHEIO JO STIOS £0 NOLLISOcUAlOO "IVOIWEIHO

Table 16. Analyses of soils of Polk County (continued)
Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Labora- Nitr0- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tor Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Ma nesia pH Depth
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per er Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent I
9333 Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
probably, surface . . . . . . . . . .028 .040 22 . . . . . . . . .08 141 .28 .27 .09 . . . . . . . . 0-12
9334 Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
probably, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .047 .028 8 .47 ‘.22 125 .04 .73 .21 . . . . . . . . 12-24
Average Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .056 .034 24 .21 .10 101 .23 56 . 1O 5.6 . . . . . . . .
Average Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .035 .021 10 .27 .13 96 .16 32 . 17 5.3 . . . . . . ..
Average Susquehanna fine sandy loam,
deep subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . .038 .021 5 .32 .23 106 .24 .28 .31 4.8 . . . . . . . .

7341 Wilson clay, probably, surface .105 .038 22 . . . . . . . . .21 161 1.49 2 . 52 .29 6.4 0-7

7342 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil .055 .030 21 . . . . . . . . .23 90 3.14 5.93 .11 . . . . . . . . 7-14

9981 Wilson clay, probably, surface .108 .038 7 . . . . . . . . .29 263 1 .44 2.52 .88 . . . . . . . . 0-6

9982 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil .043 .033 11 . . . . . . . . .32 131 1.68 2.82 1.04 . . . . . . . . 6—12

33137 Wilson clay, surface . . . . . . . . .222 .039 22 .70 .31 306 1.32 2.37 .66 6.3 0-7

33138 Wilson clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .124 .028 9 .62 .37 220 1.34 2.15 .72 5.7 7-14
33139 Wilson clay, deep subsoil. . . . .069 .018 8 .62 .33 221 1.44 2.03 .89 6.1 14—24
33182 Wilson clay, surface . . . . . . . . .218 .037 18 .58 .43 283 1.34 2.34 .76 6.2 7
33183 Wilson clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .141 .024 9 .54 .36 182 1.23 2.05 .75 5.5 7—l4
33184 Wilson clay, deep subsoil. . . . .059 .016 7 .52 .37 165 1.39 1.99 .98 5.6 14—24
Average Wilson clay, surface . . . . . . . . .163 .038 17 .64 .31 253 1.40 2.44 .65 6.3 . . . . . . . .
Average Wilson clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . . .091 .029 13 .58 .32 156 1.85 3.24 .66 5.6 . . . . . . . .
Average Wilson clay, deep subsoil. . . . .064 .017 8 .57 .35 193 1.42 2.01 .93 5.9 . . . . . . . .

NOLLVLS LNEIWAIHEIJXEI TVHILIIIIIOIHDV SVXIELL ‘I89 'ON NLLEITIHH

99

 l 1mm“  =51- r rsiii cimiiiy A

Labora- _ Total Active Acid- _ Acid- _ Acid-

tor Soil type Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
Num er gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
Average Bibb clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 3 3 2 2 3 2 4

331 5 Bibb clay 10am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 2

Average Bibb fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 3 2 5 3 4 5 4 5

Average Caddo fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 2

Average Crockett clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 4 4 4 2 3 3 3

Average Garner clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 4 3 3 2 3 2 4

Avera e Lufkin fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 3 4 3 4 5 4 3

331 3 Lufkin very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 3 5 3 4 5 4 4

Average Ochlockonee clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 2

Average Ochlockonee fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . 1 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 3 1

Average Ruston fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 1

Average Segno fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 2

Average Segno fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 2

Average Susquehanna fine sandy 10am . . . . . . . . 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3

Average Wilson clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 2
Table 18. Pot experiments on soils of Polk County
_ _ Corn possibi1ity_of plant food
Weight of crop in grams withdrawn, 1n bushels
Labora- _ _ _
tory Soil type and crop With Without _ _ Phos- _
Number . complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid
33126 Crockett clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 3.6 12.7 34.0 5 20 156

33126 Crockett clay loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 9.3 9.6 25.9 13 17 77

33128 Garner clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 3.1 19.8 21.9 6 41 223

33128 Garner clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 10.9 10.9 33.8 13 17 116

33140 Garner clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33141 Garner clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 3 .4 7.8 17.4 4 19 252

33141 Garner clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 2.4 4.8 19 .4 4 12 93

33209 Garner clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . 19 .2 3 . . . . . . . . . . 85

33209 Garner clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 3 . . . . . . . . . . 205

33124 Lufkin fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . .

33125 Lufkin fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33133 Lufkin fine sandy 10am, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . 1 .1 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 . . . . . . . . . .

33208 Lufkin fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 1 . . . . . . . . . . 29

33208 Lufkin fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 . . . . . . . . . . 27.5 3 . . . . . . . . . . 84

33129 Segno fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 8.7 16.6 22 .6 20 31 166

 

L9 SEIICLNIIOO NIVLHEIO JO STIOS JO NOLLISOJNOO TVOIWEIHO

Table 18.

Pot experiments on soils of Polk County (continued)

Weight of crop in grams

Corn possibilitypf plant food
withdrawn, 1n bushe s

Labora- _
tory S011 type and crop With Without Phos-
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid
33129 Segno fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . .

33130 Segno fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33131 Segno fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33132 Segno fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7163 ' Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . .

7163 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . .
7163 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . . .
7163 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . . .
7164 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . .
7164 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . .
7164 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum. . . .
7164 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum. . . .
9333 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . .
9333 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, corn... . . . . .
9333 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . . .
9333 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum. . . .
9334 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . .
9334 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . .
9334 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum. . . .
9334 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum. . . .
33135 Susquehanna fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . .

7341 Wilson clay, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7341 Wilson clay, probably, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7341 Wilson clay, probably, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . .

7341 Wilson clay, probably, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . .

7342 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7342 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7342 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . .

7342 Wilson clay, probably, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . .

33137 Wilson clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33137 Wilson clay, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33138 Wilson clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33139 Wilson clay, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33139 Wilson clay, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOLLVLS LNIHWIHEIJXE! "IVHHJ/IIIOIHOV SVXELL ‘I89 'ON NLLEITIIISI

89

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 59

Composition of Soils—Table 16 gives the analyses of the different soil
types and Table 17 the grades of constituents of the surface soils. Most
of the upland soils are deficient (Grades 5 and 4) in most constituents.
The alluvial soils are somewhat higher than the upland soils in all of the
constituents. Upland soils of the Wilson-Crockett group of the Blackland
Prairies are somewhat higher in nitrogen, acid-soluble lime, and acid-sol-
uble magnesia than the upland soils of the East Texas Timber Country.

Pot experiments——Results of pot experiments are given in Table 18.
The soils all responded to additions of nitrogen and phosphoric acid; the
response to phosphoric acid was considerably greater than that to nitrogen.
The soils did not respond to the addition of potash. The corn possibility
of the plant food withdrawn was extremely low for phosphoric acid, nitro-
gen, and for potash.

Fertilizers—The need of most of the soils for fertilizers carrying nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid is strongly indicated. Some of the lighter soils
may respond to additions of potash. Lime is probably not needed at
present on most of the soils, but may be needed for legume crops or
after the soils have been in cultivation for a longer period of time. This
is particularly true with respect to soils of light texture.

Soils of Scurry County

Scurry County comprises an area of 910 square miles in west-central
Texas, and lies in the southwestern part of the Rolling Plains region of
Texas. Thirty types and phases of soils in 10 series were mapped. The
most extensive soil type is the Abilene clay loam which covers 17.3 per
cent of the area, followed by Miles fine sandy loam, on 12.4 per cent of
the area. Rough, broken, and stony land covers 13.4 per_ cent of the
area. Upland soils include the red soils of the Miles, Vernon, and Wey-
mouth series (83.0 per cent of the area) and the dark-brown or black
soils of the Abilene, Potter, Roscoe, and Valera series (48.9 per cent
of the area). Alluvial soils of the Spur and Miller series cover 3.9
per cent of the area. Good crop soils cover 50.9 per cent of the area,
fair to poor crop soils 23.4 per cent, and soils unsuitable for farming
25.7 per cent.

Description of Soils
Upland Soils:

Abilene soils—Dark-brown, noncalcareous, friable topsoil grading into
dark-brown, calcareous, friable or slightly compact subsoil which in turn
grades into brown or slightly reddish brown, highly calcareous deep sub-
soil which rests on nearly white loamy chalklike material. Covers 30.1
per cent of area.

Miles soils—Dark reddish-brown, friable, noncalcareous topsoil which
grades into dark reddish-brown, rather friable, noncalcareous subsoil on

60 BULLETIN NO. 581, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

a reddish-brown, sandy clay 10am subsoil which changes to dull reddish-
yellow calcareous loam a few inches above the top of a chalklike layer.
Covers 21.3 per cent of area.

Randall soils—Dark-gray or bluish-gray, extremely heavy, plastic top-
soil which becomes slightly lighter colored with increase in depth and
below a depth of about 5 feet merges with grayish-yellow, compact clay.
Covers .8 per cent of area.

Roscoe soils—Very dark brown or nearly black, noncalcareous, friable
topsoil resting on dark-brown, rather friable and coarsely granular sub-
soil underlain by brown, compact, calcareous, clay deep subsoil on a chalky
layer. Covers 1.5 per cent of area.

Valera soils-—Dark reddish-brown or chocolate-brown, friable, heavy top-
soil resting on brown or reddish-brown, calcareous, compact clay subsoil
abruptly underlain by white caliche or accumulated calcium carbonate
which is hard and stonelike. Covers .8 per cent of area.

Vernon soils—-Dull reddish-brown, calcareous, heavy topsoil containing
a few hard lumps of calcium carbonate and grading downward into pale
brownish-red, friable clay loam spotted with white, hard and soft lumps
of calcium carbonate. Covers 11.0 per cent of area.

Stream -bottom Soils:

Spur soils-—Dark-brown, friable, granular, calcareous topsoil which be-
comes less dark with depth and grades below into light-brown, friable,
cloddy subsoil at a depth of about 30 inches. Covers 2.9 per cent of area.

Composition of Soils-—Table 19 gives the analyses of the different soil
types and Table 20 the grades of constituents of the surface soils. The
soils are moderately to well supplied with nitrogen (Grades 2 and 3),
moderate to deficient in total phosphoric acid and active phosphoric acid
(mostly Grades 4 and 5), well supplied to high in potash (Grades 1 and
2), acid-soluble lime, acid-soluble magnesia, and basicity. The soils are
neutral to alkaline in pH.

Pot experiments—Table 21 gives the results of pot experiments. The
soils responded to additions of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but did not
respond to potash. The corn possibility of the plant food withdrawn was
very low for both phosphoric acid and nitrogen.

Fertilizers—The need of most of the soils for fertilizers carrying nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid is strongly indicated. Some of the lighter soils
may respond to potash for certain crops. Moisture in this county is the
limiting factor for crop production, and fertilizers should not be used in
excess of the quantity required to produce the crops which may be pro-
duced with the available moisture. Lime is not needed on these soils.

 ww-v- - --~- mw-w

Table 19.

Analyses of soils of Scurry County

Total Active Acid- _ Acid- Acid-
Labora- Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pII Depth
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
20661 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .123 .057 77 1.81 .53 685 .72 1.10 .62 6.6 0-4
20662 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .102 .045 62 2.12 .55 639 .72 1.15 .65 6.8 4-12
20663 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .071 .046 33 1.98 .33 355 .40 7.10 .57 7.3 12-24
20664 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .043 .049 10 1.28 .58 128 19.69 . . . . . . . . .54 7.8 24-36
35040 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .170 .067 158 1.78 .68 732 1.12 2 .35 .56 8.1 0-1
35041 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .137 .062 94 1.84 .80 436 .84 1.68 .71 7.8 1-7
35042 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .107 .057 66 1.94 .83 501 1.49 2.99 .63 8.0 7-19
35043 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .055 .044 26 1 .92 .96 276 5.95 9.40 .63 8.1 19-30
35044 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .043 .046 7 1.77 .71 185 .87 15.87 .72 8.3 30-42
35045 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .069 4 1.16 .42 84 31.29 5.56 .86 8.3 42-66
35046 Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .013 .044 10 1.61 .81 127 18.24 33 .32 .94 8.2 66-144

35085 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .151 .046 98 1.68 . . . . . . . . 634 . . . . . . . . 2.72 . . . . . . . . 7.9 0-7

35086 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .110 .049 59 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 . . . . . . . . 1.45 . . . . . . . . 7.2 7-19

35098 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .106 .054 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 . . . . . . . . 1.49 . . . . . . . . 8.0 0-7

35099 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .095 .045 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 . . . . . . . . 1.85 . . . . . . . . 8.0 7-19

35100 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .107 .051 55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 . . . . . . . . 1.33 . . . . . . . . 8.0 0-7

35101 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .090 .051 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 . . . . . . . . 3.65 . . . . . . . . 8.1 7-19

35102 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .102 .059 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 . . . . . . . . 1.34 . . . . . . . . 8.1 0-7

35103 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .090 .055 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 . . . . . . . . 1.15 . . . . . . . . 7.7 7-19

35116 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .136 .062 82 . . . . . . . . .74 625 .99 1.63 .54 8.1 0-7

35117 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .120 .060 68 . . . . . . . . .74 495 1.39 2.53 .82 8 .0 7-19
20614 Abilene clay loam, surface. . . .181 .083 275 1.44 .58 789 2.37 3 .98 .73 7.1 0-4
20615 Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .136 .081 200 1.35 .67 629 4.21 6.85 .74 7.3 4-12
20616 Abilene_clay loam, deep

subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .090 .057 241 1.24 .73 633 2.46 4.00 .78 7.4 12-24
20623 Abilene clay loam, deep

subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .069 .051 54 1 .61 .57 355 5.55 10.80 .53 . . . . . . . . 24-36
35031 Abilene clay loam, shallow

phase, surface . . . . . . . . . .. .161 .063 69 1.50 .51 238 4.99 8.25 .68 8.0 0-7
35032 Abilene cla loam, shallow

phase, su soil . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 .050 7 1.61 .53 124 6.88 16.70 .56 7-19

I9 SEILLNIIOO NIIVLHHO 210 S"IIOS JO NOLLISOdWOO TVOINKIHO

Table 19. Analyses of soils of Scurry County (continued)
_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Labora- _ N1tro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Soluble Soluble
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Lime Magnesia pH Depth
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent Cent
35033 Abilene clay loam, _ shallow
phase, deep subsoil. . . . . . . .044 .046 4 .94 .27 30.74 .67 8.2 19-36
35066 Abilene clay loam, shallow
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .093 .038 46 1.62 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 0-7
35067 Abilene clay loam, shallow
phase, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . .070 .033 36 1 .34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7-19
Average Abilene clay loam, surface.. . .131 .058 99 1.64 .62 2 .01 .64 7.8 . . . . . . . .
Average Abilene clay loam, subsoil. . . .102 .053 6O 1.66 .64 3 .31 .67 7.7 . . . . . . . .
Average Abilene clay loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .049 .051 45 1.44 .63 15.35 .71 8.0 . . . . . . ..

35053 Abilene loam, surface . . . . . . . .088 .033 35 1.36 .35 .45 .33 7.9 0—7

35054 Abilene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . .084 .035 33 1 .61 .44 2 .21 .52 8.0 7-19

35096 Abilene loam, surface . . . . . . . .102 .034 82 1.49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 0-7

35097 Abilene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . .070 .028 61 1 .37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 7-19

Average Abilene loam, surface . . . . . . . .095 .034 59 1.43 .35 .45 .33 8.0 . . . . . . . .

Average Abilene loam, subsoil . . . . . . . .077 .032 47 1.49 .44 2.21 .52 8.1 . . . . . . . .
35055 Miles clay loam, surface. .. . . .078 .045 50 2.42 .52 .30 .54 7.4 0-4
35056 Miles clay loam, surface. . . . . .095 .050 15 2 .46 .79 .38 .74 7.1 4-7

i 35057 Miles clay loam, subsoil. . . . . .070 .041 16 2.46 .79 .45 .79 7.7 7-19
35058 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. .037 .052 98 2.66 .77 2.46 1 .35 8.2 28-42
35059 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. .028 .072 9 2. 26 .70 16.78 1 .24 8 .2 42-72
35060 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. .019 .121 548 3 .00 .89 5.48 1.38 8 .1 72-13 ft
35061 Miles clay loam, deep subsoil. .015 .146 542 3.34 .60 8.06 2 .36 8.6 13 ffigft
35087 Miles clay loam, surface... . . .138 .052 79 1.92 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 0-4
35088 Miles clay loam, surface... . . .135 .051 27 1 .95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 4-7
35089 Miles clay loam, subsoil. . . . . .101 .042 14 1.96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7-19

4916 Miles clay loam, probably,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .076 .063 28 . . . . . . . . .83 .52 .34 . . . . . . . . 0-8
4917 Miles clay loam, probably,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .032 .050 58 . . . . . . . . .68 1 .70 .-23 . . . . . . . . 8-24
8229 Miles clay loam, probably,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 .059 91 . . . . . . . . .68 1.71 .42 . . . . . . . . 0-6
8230 Miles clay loam, probably,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .079 .053 54 . . . . . . . . .72 3.02 .37 . . . . . . . . 6-18
Average Miles clay loam, surface... . . .102 .056 51 2.19 .72 .86 .47 7.4 . . . . . . ..

Z9

NIOLLVLS LNEIWIHEIdXH TVHILIIIIIOIHDV SVXELL ‘I89 'OI\I NLLEFFIIIEI

Average

Average
Average
Average
35074
35075
35076

35077
35079
35080

35092
35093
35094
35095
351 l0
35 11 1
35064
35065
Average
Average
Average

35050
35051
35052
35047
35048
35049
35081
35082
35037
35038
35039

 T~ - =—----- a I ~

Miles clay loam, subsoil. . . ..
Miles clay loam, deep subsoil.
Miles fine sand, surface . . . . ..
Miles fine sand, subsoil. . .. . .
Miles fine sand, surface. . . . .
Miles fine sand, subsoil . . . . . .
Miles fine sand, shallow
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sand, shallow
phase, subsoil.... . . . . . . ..
Miles fine sand, shallow
phase, deep subsoil. . . . . . .
Miles fine sand, surface. . . . .
Miles fine sand, subsoil. . . . ..
Miles fine sand, deep subsoil.
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, surface
Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil
Miles fine sandy loam, deep
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miles loam, surface . . . . . . . . .
Miles loam, surface . . . . . . . . .

Miles loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . .

Potter loam, surface . . . . . . . .

Potter loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . .

Potter loam, subsoil . . . . . . . .

Randall clay, surface . . . . . . . .

Randall clay, subsoil . . . . . . . .

Roscoe clay, surface . . . . . . . .

Roscoe clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .

Roscoe clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .

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Table 19. Analyses of soils of Scurry County (continued)
_ Total Active Acid- Acid- Acid-
Labora- _ N1tro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tor Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Num er Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
35083 Roscoe fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .063 .037 111 2.06 .48 507 .53 84 .44 8.1 0-7
35084 Roscoe fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .065 .051 67 2.01 .60 351 .59 .90 .58 7.8 7-19
35104 Spur loam, surface . . . . . . . . . . .091 .098 516 1.78 .58 628 2.60 4.80 .61 8.4 0-7
35105 Spur loam, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . .067 .078 402 1 .94 .61 266 4.55 7.95 . . . . . . . . 8.2 7-19
35034 Valera clay loam, surface.. . . .131 .050 44 1.73 .53 416 .98 1.44 .56 8.0 0-7
35035 Valera clay loam, subsoil. . . . .124 .052 18 1.68 .68 265 1.02 7.85 .59 7. 6 7-12
35036 Valera clay loam, subsoil . . . .105 .047 14 1.64 .57 176 5.00 8.41 .70 8.0 12-19
35115 Vernon clay, surface . . . . . . . . .124 .089 141 2.05 1.06 332 5 .02 7.64 1.25 8.2 0-7
35109 Vernon clay, subsoil . . . . . . . . .056 .099 207 3.17 1 .83 240 2.86 4.48 1 .71 7.4 7-19
35068 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .127 .073 19 1.50 .71 69 11.56 21.01 .91 8.2 0-7
35069 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .082 .063 14 .83 1.72 55 13.68 24.99 1.06 8.4 7-19
35090 Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .144 .069 133 1 .71 . . . . . . . . 417 . . . . . . . . 4.06 . . . . . . . . 8.3 0-7
35091 Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .065 .046 67 1 .72 . . . . . . . . 299 . . . . . . . . 6.75 . . . . . . . . 8.4 7-19
Average Vernon clay loam, surface. . . .136 .071 76 1.61 .71 243 11.56 12.54 .91 8.2 . . . . . . . .
Average Vernon clay loam, subsoil. . . .074 .055 41 1.28 1.72 177 13 . 68 15.87 1.06 8.4 . . . . . . . .
35062 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 .060 125 2.23 . . . . . . . . 298 . . . . . . . . 3.57 . . . . . . . . 8.4 0-7
35063 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .091 .081 182 2.24 . . . . . . .. 112 . . . . . . .. 8.75 . . . . . . .. 8. 7-19

79

NOLLVLS CLNEIWIHELIXEI TVHILIIIHOIHSV SVXEICL ‘I89 ‘ON NLLEFTIHH

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Tablei20.

Grades of constituents of surface soils of Scurry County

Labora-
tor
N um er

Soil type

Nitro-
gen

Total
Phos.
Acid

Total
Potash

Acid-
Soluble
Potash

Active
Potash

Acid-
Soluble
Lime

Basic-

Acid-
Soluble
Magnesia

pH

Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
Average
3508 1
35037
35083
35 1 04
35034
35 1 1 5
Average
35062

Abilene clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abilene loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miles clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miles fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miles fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miles loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Potter loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A

Randall clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Roscoe clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roscoe finesandyloam..............
Spur loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Valera clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vernon clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vernon clay loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vernon very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . .

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Table 21.

Pot experiments on soils of Scurry County

 
 

Weight of crop in grams

Corn possibility_of plant food
withdrawn, 1n bushels

Labora-
tory Soil type and crop With Without _ Phos-
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid
35116 Abilene clay loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35116 Abilene clay loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35117 Abilene clay loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 12.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35117 Abilene clay loam, subsoil, sorghum. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 37.3 12.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

35117 Abilene clay loam, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 .3 10.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35112 Miles fine sand, shallow phase, surface, oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 3.7 13.5 9 11 89

35113 Miles fine sand, shallow phase, subsoil, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 3 . . . . . . . . . . 87

35114 Miles fine sand, shallow phase, subsoil, sorghum... . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 4 . . . . . . . . . . 107

35114 Miles fine sand, shallow phase, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .0 . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 4 . . . . . . . . . . 211

35110 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.5 20.8 36.1 52 31 256

35110 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 .4 25.0 53 .3 77 34 546

35111 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, sorghum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . 14 10 . . . . . . . . . .

35111 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 13.1 . . . . . . . . . . 10 16 . . . . . . . . ..

35115 Vernon clay, surface, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.4 13.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35115 Vernon clay, surface, sorghum. . . . . . . . . 32.1 14 .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35115 Vernon clay, surface, sudan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 12.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35109 Vernon clay, subsoil, oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . . 14 .9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 . . . . . . . . . .

99

NOLLVJS LNEIWIHHdXEI TVHIILTHOIHOV SVXHIL ‘I89 'OI\I NILEYITHH

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES

Soils of Wheeler County

Wheeler County comprises an area of 915 square miles in northwestern
Texas on the eastern side of the Panhandle. It lies in the Rolling Plains
region of Texas, and is a rolling and hilly, quickly drained, sandy plain
which, in many places where the surface is unprotected, is subject to severe
erosion by water and wind. Twenty-three types and phases of soil in
13 series were mapped. The most extensive soil type is the Miles fine
sandy loam, which occupies 20.0 per cent of the area, followed by Miles
fine sand (17.1 per cent) and Abilene loamy fine sand (15.6 per cent).
Upland soils include the light-colored soils of the Miles and Enterprise
series (44.9 per cent); dark-colored soils of the Abilene, Potter, Zita,
and Richfield series (38.5 per cent); and red soils of the Vernon and
Wichita series (10.9 per cent). Alluvial soils (4.8 per cent) include the
light-colored Lincoln soils; dark-colored Spur, Sweetwater, and Randall
soils; and red Yahola soils.

Description of Soils

- Upland Soils:

Abilene soils—Brown or yellowish brown topsoil grading into a dark
reddish-brown or brown, friable subsoil which changes gradually into a
reddish-brown, heavier deep subsoil. Covers 30.7 per cent of area.

Enterprise soils—The only representative of this series is the nonarable
fine sand, dune phase, with a grayish-brown, loose, fine-sand topsoil grad-
ing into a yellow or reddish-yellow, loose, fine-sand subsoil which extends
downward unchanged for many feet. Covers 4.7 per cent of area.

Miles soils—Gray or brownish-gray topsoil which grades into a light-
red or reddish-yellow, sandy subsoil which grades through a short transi-
tional zone into a dull-red, friable deep subsoil. Covers 40.2 per cent of
the area, of which 17.1 per cent is covered by the nonarable fine sand.

Potter soils—Grayish-brown or dark-gray topsoil underlain by white
or yellowish-white, chalky subsoil, which is very calcareous and contains
lumps and concretions of calcium carbonate. Covers 6.5 per cent of the
area, of which 2.3 per cent is the nonarable, very fine sandy loam, occur-
ring on steeply sloping land.

Richfield soils—Very dark-brown or black topsoil grading through a
thin transitional zone into a very dark brown or black, moderately gran-
ular but not very friable, crumbly clay subsoil, which in turn grades into
a brown, cloddy, clay deep subsoil which is noncalcareous in the upper
section but very calcareous in the lower section. Covers only .1 per
cent of the area.

Vernon soils——Reddish-brown or chocolate-brown, calcareous topsoil grad-
ing into a bright-red, calcareous, granular, heavier subsoil grading into a
heavy red, calcareous deep subsoil. Covers 10.7 per cent of area, of which
4.9 per cent is the nonarable, very fine sandy loam, eroded phases.

68 BULLETIN NO. 581; TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

Wichita soils--Brown, calcareous topsoil grading quickly into a dark-
red, calcareous, friable, heavy subsoil which grades into a mottled brown
and yellow deep subsoil which occurs in irregular bands with various mix-
tures of clay, sand, and sandy loam. Covers only .2 per cent of area.

Zita soils—Occur in broad, smoothly undulating areas in the northwestern
part of the county. A very dark brown or black, granular, noncalcareous,
heavy topsoil which grades into brown, cloddy, clay subsoil underlain by
a brown, calcareous, clay deep subsoil. Covers 12.0 per cent of area.

Alluvial Soils :

Lincoln soils—Brown, friable topsoil grading slowly into a subsoil of
very dark gray or gray, loamy fine sand which extends to a depth of
several feet. Covers 2.5 per cent of area.

Randall soils—Black or gray, heavy topsoil which grades into a heavy,
dense, gray subsoil which extends downward several feet. This series
covers only .1 per cent of the area and is nonarable.

Spur soils—Brown, friable, calcareous topsoil grading into a brownish-
gray, calcareous subsoil which grades into a yellow, sandy deep subsoil
containing some soft, chalky lumps.

Sweetwater soils-—Dark bluish-gray or black, heavy topsoil underlain
by bluish-gray or gray, heavy subsoil passing directly into dark-gray,
very wet, calcareous deep soil. Covers only .4 per cent of area.

Yahola soils—-Chocolate-brown or reddish-brown, calcareous topsoil grad-
ing into a darker-colored, calcareous subsoil which in turn grades into
yellow or brownish-white, fine-sand deep subsoil. Covers .4 per cent of
area.

Composition of Soils—Table 22 gives the analyses of the diiferent soil
types and Table 23 the grades of constituents of the surface soils. The
lighter soils are deficient in nitrogen, total phosphoric acid, active phos-
phoric acid, acid-soluble lime, and basicity. The soils are all well supplied
with total potash (Grade 1) and are moderately to well supplied 'with
active potash (Grades 1 to 3). The basicity of the lighter soils is quite
low (Grade 5), although the soils are neutral to alkaline (Grades 1 and
2) in pH.

Pot experiments—Results of the pot experiments are given in Table 24.
Most of the soils respond to nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but do not
respond to potash.

Fertilizers—The need of most of the soils for fertilizers carrying nitro-
gen and phosphoric acid is indicated. Potash fertilizers and lime are not
needed except possibly on small areas or for special crops.

Table 22.

Analyses of soils of Wheeler County

_ Total Active Acid- _ Acid- Acid-
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent
36402 Abilene fine sandy loam,
s_urface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .068 .039 47 2.18 .17 312 .21 .29 .20 7.0 0-7
36403 Abilenefine sandy loam,
S_lll)S0ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .063 .036 34 2.02 .17 262 .22 .24 .20 7.0 7-17
36404 Abilene_fine sandy loam,
S_LlbS0ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .064 .038 22 1.95 .29 276 .21 .24 .25 6.7 17-19
36387 Abilene loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .036 .029 54 2.22 . 13 226 . 14 . 15 . 12 7 . 5 0-7
36388 Abilene_loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .057 .032 39 2 . 27 .21 244 .21 .25 . 18 7.0 7-10
36390 Abilene_loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .067 .042 31 2.23 .29 181 .31 .42 .31 7.4 10-19
36405 Abilene loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .055 .034 40 2.20 .25 395 .28 .32 .26 6.9 0-1
36406 Abilene loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .046 .027 31 2.27 .19 215 .19 .14 .17 6.7 1-6
36407 Abilene loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .074 .037 29 2.25 .25 216 .26 .05 .26 6.4 6-7
36408 Abilene_loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .078 .032 14 2.10 .32 196 .33 .58 35 6 .8 7-18
36409 Abilene loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .057 .034 7 2.15 .37 216 .30 .50 .33 6.8 18-19
36410 Abilene loamy fine sand, deep
phase, surface . . . . . . . . . . . .052 .025 70 1.86 .12 147 .16 .24 . 15 6.7 0-7
36411 Abilene loamy fine sand, deep
phase, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . .. .038 .025 49 2.11 . 10 114 .16 .11 .13 7.3 7-9
36412 Abilene loamy fine sand, deep
phase, subsoil . . . . . . . . . . .. .029 .018 37 2.00 .12 116 .17 .20 .13 7.5 9~19
Average Abilene loamy fine sand,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .049 .029 52 2.11 .16 216 .18 .19 .17 7.0 . . . . . . . .
Average Abilene loamy fine sand,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .055 .031 30 2.15 .24 178 .25 .35 .24 7.1 . . . . . . ..
36370 Abilene very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 .105 382 2.57 .47 399 1.93 4.26 .72 7. 0-2
36366 Abilene very fine sandy loam, ,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 .093 329 2.62 .54 408 .69 1.99 1.66 7.3 2-7

69 SEIILNIIOO NIVLHEIO JO STIOS JO NIOLLISOJWOO TVOINEIHO

I

0L

Table 22. Analyses of soils of Wheeler County (continued)
_ Total Active Acid- _ Acid- Acid- w
Labora- _ Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble a
tory Soil type gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia pH Depth [-4
Number Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Inches p]
Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Million Cent Cent Cent {j
Z
_ Z
36389 Abilene _very fine sandy loam, Q
S_\1bS0ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 .093 321 2.66 .53 254 1.00 2.78 1.32 7.8 7-14 m
36371 Abilene _very fine sandy loam, m
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .114 .103 174 2.72 .53 14 7.24 9.40 1.01 8.1 14-19 3"
36395 Abilene very fine sandy loam, a
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 192 .094 341 2.22 .46 539 1.16 2.13 .68 7.9 0-3 m
36396 Abilene very fine sandy loam, {>4
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 .092 294 2 .27 . 54 518 .75 1.26 .88 7 . 9 3-7 11>
36397 Abileneyery fine sandy loam, m
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 .091 303 2.31 .53 391 1.59 2.82 1.00 8.1 7-14 ;>
36398 Abilene very fine sandy loam, Q
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 101 .097 299 2 .31 .51 322 3.33 5.68 .78 8.1 14-19 a
Average Abilene very fine sandy loam, Q
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .184 .096 337 2.43 .51 467 1.14 2.42 .99 7.8 . . . . . . .. C‘.
Average Abilene very fine sandy loam, r‘
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .156 .096 275 2.50 .53 246 3.29 5.17 1.03 8.0 . . . . . . .. '4
36413 Lincoln loamy fine sand, g
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 .073 184 2.07 .36 382 3.28 5.52 .50 8.1 0-1 p,
36414 Lincoln loamy fine sand, r4
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .127 .064 166 2.11 .37 304 3.24 5.41 .51 7.9 1-7
36415 Lincoln loamy fine sand, w
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .083 .043 135 2.03 .27 199 1.92 3.32 .40 8.3 7-10 Q
36416 Lincoln loamy fine sand, m
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .029 .030 88 2 .20 .20 182 1.09 2.18 .38 7.2 10-19 pd
36392 Miles loamy fine sand, surface .040 .017 36 1.86 .10 108 .13 .14 . 10 7 .2 0-7 E
36393 Miles loamy fine sand, subsoil .020 .014 19 . . . . . . . . .08 66 .11 .13 . 10 6.8 7-81/2 m
36394 Miles loamy fine sand, subsoil .021 .014 8 1 .90 .10 60 .10 .05 .10 7.0 81/3-19 z
36420 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .080 .016 71 2.16 .29 261 .31 .33 .41 8.0 0- ,5
36421 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .075 .029 58 2.17 .30 171 .30 .30 .43 7 .4 6-7
36422 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .050 .025 27 2 . 18 .31 120 .27 .30 .48 7 .3 7-19 g
36369 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .023 .018 8 1.71 .08 86 . 10 .20 .09 7 . 9 0-7 3,
36367 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .027 .024 14 1.84 .13 91 .13 .18 .16 7 .0 7-13 i-3
36373 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .048 .020 8 1 .99 .32 195 .28 .58 .41 7.1 13-19 6
36399 Miles fine sandy loam, surface .044 .022 25 1 .70 .07 117 . 14 .20 .12 7.6 0-7 z
36400 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .022 .013 8 1.60 .07 77 .11 .13 .11 7.3 7-15
36401 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .040 .023 5 1 .92 .28 194 .23 .47 .32 6.8 15-19
Average Miles fine sandy loam, surface .048 .021 33 1 .86 15 140 . 18 .24 .21 7 .7 . . . . . . . .
Average Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil .040 .022 15 1 .95 .24 133 .22 .33 .33 7.1 . . . . . . . .

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36372

Vernon very fine sandy loam,

surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .136 .081 115 2.16 .41 104 7.19 12.86 54 8.1 0-7
36391 Vernon very fine sandy loam.
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .133 .075 9 2 .06 .41 19 12 .25 21.80 .86 8.0 7-14
36368 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoi . . . . . . . . . . .  .116 .073 9 1.86 .46 15 . . . . . . .. 28.00 . . . . . . .. 7.7 14-19
36417 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 .087 353 2.45 45 512 1.60 3.67 .88 8.2 0-7
36418 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
su soi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .141 .090 161 2.22 .47 93 7.77 15.40 1.67 8.2 7-10
36425 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .124 .101 32 1.87 .39 71 14 .41 27 .20 1.22 8.1 10-15
36419 Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .046 .090 34 1.43 .39 73 24.16 44.10 2.14 8.3 15-19
Average Vernon very fine sandy loam,
surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .144 .084 234 2.31 .43 308 4.40 8.27 .71 8.2 . . . . . . ..
Average Vernon very fine sandy loam,
subsoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .115 .084 43 1.90 .43 48 13.85 26.90 1.27 8.0 . . . . . . ..
Table 23. Grades of constituents of surface soils of Wheeler County
Labora- _ Total Active Acid- Acid- _ Acid-
tor Soil type Nitro- Phos. Phos. Total Soluble Active Soluble Basic- Soluble pH
Num er gen Acid Acid Potash Potash Potash Lime ity Magnesia
Average Abilene loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 5 3 2

36402 Abilene fine sandy loam . . . . . . .' . . . . . . 3 4 4 1 4 2 3 5 3 2

Average Abilene very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1

Average Lincoln loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 1

36392 Miles loamy fine sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 1 5 3 4 5 4 2

Average Miles fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 4 1 4 3 4 5 3 1

Average Vernon very fine sandy loam . . . . . . . . . 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

IL SEILLNIIOO NIVLHEIO eIO S"IIOS JO NOLLISOJIAIOO TVOIWEIHO

Table 24.

Pot experiments on soils of Wheeler County

Weight 0f crop in grams

Corn possibility of plant food
withdrawn, in bushels

Labora-
tory Soil type and crop With \Vithout Phos- _
Number complete phosphoric Without Without phoric Nitrogen Potash
fertilizer acid nitrogen potash acid ~
36387 Abilene loamy fine sand, surface, corn. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36387 Abilene loamy fine sand, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36388 Abilene loamy fine sand, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36390 Abilene loamy fine sand, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36390 Abilene loamy fine sand, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36390 Abilene loamy fine sand, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36366 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . 60.5 26.0 36.3 58.7 27 44 528

36366 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . 58.7 33 .4 32 .4 58.7 24 36 329

36371 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . 16. 5 7 .4 8.2 29.5 13 17 287

36371 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . 3 .8 10.2 8 .8 7.6 14 17 96

36389 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .4 25.0 51 .7 17 28 374

36389 Abilene very fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 .0 10.3 42.2 22 12 263

36367 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36367 Miles fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36369 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, corn. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

36369 Miles fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36368 Vernon very fine sandy loam, subsoil, corn. . . . . . . . . 20.5 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 1 . . . . . . . . . . 185

36368 Vernon very fine sandy loam, subsoil, kafir . . . . . . . . 25.3 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 8 . . . . . . . . . . 130

36372 Vernon very fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . 32.9 14.7 24 .0 . . . . . . . . . . 28 36 . . . . . . . . . .

36372 Vernon very fine sandy loam, surface, corn . . . . . . . . 58.5 15.7 21.0 . . . . . . . . . . 18 28 . . . . . . . . . .

36372 Vernon very fine sandy loam, surface, kafir . . . . . . . . 2 .4 4.3 3.7 . . . . . . . . . . 17 21 . . . . . . . . . .

NIOLLVLS LNEIWIHEIJXEI TVHIILTIIOIHDV SVXEIL ‘I89 'ON NLLZTITIIH

I\'-'n*"""

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS OF CERTAIN COUNTIES 73

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chemical analyses and other work involved in the preparation of this
bulletin have been taken part in by S. E. Asbury, E. C. Carlyle, T. L.
Ogier, W. H. Walker, and other members of the stafi’.

SUMMARY

Chemical analyses and results of pot experiments on samples of typical
soils from seven counties are given with condensed descriptions of the
soil series. Chemical constituents in the soil are graded according to the
quantity of the constituents in the soil. Most of the soils are low
(Grades 4 and 5) in nitrogen and phosphoric acid. They are better sup-
plied (Grades 1, 2, and 3) with potash. Some of the soils are low in
lime and basicity (Grades 4 and 5), While others are basic and even
highly calcareous (Grade 1). Some of the soils are slightly acid, but
most of them are neutral to alkaline.

Pot experiments on most of the soils showed that under favorable con-
ditions in the greenhouse most of the soils responded to the application of
fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but few of them
responded to the application of potash.