TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ~’ R. D. LEWIS, DIRECTOR College Station, Texas BULLETIN NO. 687 MARCH 1947 PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS H. F. MORRIS Superintendent, Substation No. 11 Nacogdoches, Texas AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS GIBB GILCHRIST, President VB60-447-8M-L180 [Blank Page in Original Bulletin] is the first comprehensive survey of the behavior of varieties a peaches in East Texas since the work of W. S. Hotchkiss at the "old i» station, Bulletin No. 208, published in 1917. The present test is deal more extensive than the earlier one. As might be expected, few varieties appear in both lists. Some names, . g as Alton, Belle; Carman, Hiley, and Slappey are found in both. yflower remains the best May peach, and Elberta retains its leader- jw for commercial production; but it is now realized that the cold irements of both varieties are too great for the central eastern part 1'the State. ,1 me of the varieties recommended for planting in this area resulted ~~ planned peach breeding, such as Halehaven from the .Michigan ‘j ‘on, Viceroy and Vedette from the Vineland station in Canada, and ‘f day, Triogem and Golden East from the New Jersey station. The l .. rymen also continue to be active in introducing important new l‘ a 'es such as Burbank Early July Elberta, Markberta and Stephen- some of which originated by chance, others by breeding. a trend is toward early yellow freestones of commercial quality. permits shipments ahead of the large commercial plantings farther h. No variety can be good -enough to produce well without proper d but the variety situation in East Texas does show definite im- ement. 1. Suggested Peach Varities for East Texas I élFor home use For local market For shipping 4 Mayflower a‘ Newday, Sunhigh, Bestmay Bestmay, Newday, Uneeda, Sun- _ high, Early Halehaven Newday, Sunhigh Anna, Cumberland, Golden Jubi- Anna, Cumberland, Golden Jubi- lee, Triogem lee, Flaming Gold, Triogem Triogem Burbank Early July Elberta, Burbank Early July Elberta, Burbank Earl ' July Golden East, Halehaven, Radi- Golden East, Halehaven, Radi- Elberta, Go den ance, Veteran, Valiant, Viceroy ance, Veteran, Valiant, Viceroy East, Halehaven, _ Viceroy E ‘Jack Bell, Honey Special, Golden Elberta Cling, Jack Bell, Vedette, Redelberta Redelberta Redelberta, Vedette a‘ Belle, Elberta, Stephenson Ste’ henson, Brackett, Elberta, Brackett, Elberta, . ’ ld Medal, Markberta Gold Me al, Markberta, Stephenson : Frank Barbara, Chilow, Frank CONTENTS Page Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Cultural Methods ............................................. 5 i Experimental Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6 g General Comments on Peach Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 i Suggested Varieties for East Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61_ For the Home Orchard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 _i For Roadside Stands and Near-by Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 For Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 i Literature Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 BULLETIN NO. 687 MARCH 1947 PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS H. F. Morris, Superintendent Substation No. 11, Nacogdoches, Texas The growing of peaches in East Texas started with the early Spanish colonization. For a long time, most of the trees were grown in home a. orchard fashion. With comparatively few exceptions, these orchards con- ,-- --_-.....-"-_..m.. . sisted of seedling trees which were grown and handed down from genera- tion to generation. During the late 1890’s, a land promotion deal was started in this section to utilize the cut-over timberlands for the production of fruit. The venture was profitable in some instances. The expansion reached its peak about 1905. Several factors, such as the lack of accurate information on the I planting and care of orchards, widespread infestation of the San Jose scale, and glutted markets due to lack of refrigeration, were primarily responsible for the abandonment of the enterprise on a large scale. Since that period, the commercial production of peaches in the East Texas area has been considered with some skepticism. Plantings have been pretty much isolated in the Jacksonville, Athens, Troup and Omaha ‘ areas. Principal varieties were Hiley for the early crop, and Elberta 7 for the main crop. Some other varieties were grown but these two a constituted the main acreage. A rather extensive planting was made in the 1920’s of Fair Beauty in the Tyler-Palestine area. A succession of p seasons having insufficient cold to complete dormancy for the variety caused many growers, especially around Grapeland, to abandon or top- work the trees to other varieties. These commercial plantings could not supply the fruit requirements of the people in this area. Therefore, for years, the main supply to reach East Texas has been trucked in from other peach producing sections. Efforts to revive the planting of home orchards were only partially successful. The main reason for this was that nursery budded stock barely survived the fourth growing season. Death of a majority of the trees was primarily due to neglect in carrying out approved cultural, spraying, , pruning and thinning practices. In an attempt to find varieties that were g better adapted to the climatic and soil conditions of this section, a col- lection of peach varieties was begun in 1935 at the Nacogdoches Station. zThe planting first consisted of available varieties of Texas and other * Southern States. As the studies progressed, material was added from known p sources all over the United States. CULTURAL METHODS 1 ' The site selected for the test was heavily eroded Nacogdoches soil with a slope of approximately 6 percent. Terraces were constructed with two *major purposes in mind: first, to have the terrace tops as nearly 20 6 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION feet apart as possible, and second, to allow a drop of approximately 3 percent in the terrace channel. Of course, there were certain deviations from this aim, and it was found necessary to use point terraces, as shown in Figure 2. The trees were planted 20 feet apart along the terrace. Throughout the period of the test, efforts were made to carry out the approved methods of good orchard cultural practices. In other words, an attempt was made to have each tree produce its fruit under conditions recognized as being desirable for economical fruit production in this section. A__ cover crop of hairy vetch was planted each fall. Planting was usually in 18-inch drills at the rate of 15 pounds of seed to the acre. Three hundred pounds of 20 percent superphosphate fertilizer was applied in the drill prior to planting the vetch seed. It was found necessary to plow under the cover crop by April in order to reduce the population of green stink- bugs in the orchard. In addition to the use of cover crops, commercial fertilizer of a 1-2-1 ratio was broadcast reasonably close to the trees at the rate of two pounds per one-year old tree. The fertilizer was disked under immediately after being applied. Four pounds of this fertilizer were used the second growing season and theramount increased to six pounds per tree for the third and following seasons. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Most of the varieties were represented by three trees each, which were planted together. This permitted a close comparison among trees repre- senting the same variety. Several of the varieties have not as yet been grown under commercial orchard conditions in this section. It is realized that a wider test in other locations and in different soil types and fertility might change some of the conclusions reported in this bulletin; and, also, that when grown under commercial acreage the results might be some- what different. Each tree in the test was given an identification number, and individual tree data were recorded. During the first growing season the blooms were removed in order to permit the tree to become well established. During the second and following seasons bloom dates were recorded daily. The yield and dates of harvest were obtained every second day. Data to determine the size, appearance, quality, and other essential characters, as shown in Table 3, were taken on 25 fruits from each tree representing its variety. In most instances these records were made I during several seasons in order to note the effect of seasonal variation. As expected, some of the material furnished was not true to variety name. In most cases this was removed as so‘on as the mistake was dis- covered. In others instances, trees affected by crown gall, “phoney,” or other uncontrollable diseases were removed and their behavior excluded from this report. The “size of crop,” as shown in Table 2, was determined by averaging thelyields of the representative trees of each variety over the period of i i. i1 l PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 7 production. The yields for the first bearing year, 1943, when the crop was almost a failure due to a freeze of 15' degrees on March 3, and, forthe ‘ last bearing season where the trees were injured mechanically or by at- "tacks of insects or diseases, were not included in the average. -r _ The method used to express the “size of crop” was determined after i considering the number of varieties that had produced what are normally i‘ considered profitable crops in East Texas. Where the yield per tree over iythe period of production averaged as much as three bushels or more~of emarketable fruit it was expressed as “very good.” An average yield of {of two to three bushels per tree was expressed as “good.” “Fair” rep- ‘presented an average yield per tree of one to two bushels, while a yield {of less than a bushel per tree was considered as “poor.” The data for the column “percent of good crops,” as shown in Table 2, - ‘l; were determined by dividing the number of years the variety produced fiyields of two or more bushels of marketable fruit per tree by the number ii of years it was in production, as explained for the method of determining the “size of crop.” The prolificacy of a variety was determined by the amount of fruit on lithe tree at the time of thinning. With this method, a variety might be §prolific yet show low yields of marketable fruit, which might be due any one of the following reasons: preharvest injury by insects or dis- eases, failure to size after thinning, and to an extremely late ripening igseason. There are a number of late varieties which are prolific and Zproduce a heavy yield of fruit, but due "to injury by the oriental fruit moth, the recorded yields of marketable fruit are usually in the “poor” w»: ket. The results of this test indicate that fruit of the varieties gripening after the Elberta season is apt to be heavily infested with larva of this insect. These varieties will not ordinarily be desirable for mmercial plantings in East Texas until a satisfactory control method i -- been worked out for the oriental fruit moth. i. t» The effect of a minimum temperature of 15 degrees on March 3, 1943, the diiferent varieties was observed. The effects of the low temperature A _'-;-. t year were considered the most disastrous of any recorded during the 0-year period. There was a rather warm period prior to March 3, l _i ‘d a large portion of the fruit buds had advanced to the “pop corn” 1 e. Examination of fruit buds the morning after the minimum of 15 1 ees showed ice in the bud regardless of its development. The yields 1943 were not included in this report. During the period of the test, t»: spring frosts occurred during 1937, 1940, 1942 and 1944, in addition vj- the freeze for 1943. In Table 1, yields during seasons with and without late spring frost are available for comparison. In some instances, va- fties such as Carrie and Dr. Burton have a higher average yield during lithe years with late frosts than for the period of normal frosts. This dif- a gsferential is due to low yields occurring during the period without a» late jrost as a result of considerable wood removal following heavy infestation Yof the San Jose scale. Since the data are not applicable in a consideration 8 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Table 1. Efiect of Late Frosts and Cold on Yield of Selected Varieties (Pounds Per '1‘ i’ V _ t Yield After Late Frost Yield Without Late Frost i- arie y g 1940 1942 1944 Av. 1939 1941 1945 1946 Av. » Date of last killing frost. . . .. 4/13 4/1 3/30 . . . . .. 2/23 3/11 2/23 2/15 . . . . .. . .. Alton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62.1 62.1 . . . . . . . . . . .. 99. 125.7 112.4 Anna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35.2 181.7 170.3 129.0 . . . . .. 104.6 261.9 . . . . .. 183.2 Annabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24.5 94.5 59.5 . . . . .. 2.0 75.7 89.6 2.4 Arg Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84.3 195.6 37.5 105.8 . . . . .. 162.5 . . . . . . . . . . .. 162.5 Ba cock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36.2 121.2 78.7 . . . . . . . . . . .. 84.9 122 1 103.5 Banner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2 28.8 43.0 . . . . .. 37.0 171.1 45 8 84.6 le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 2 79.5 58.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.0 190 9 181.4 Bestmay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126.5 126.5 . . . . . . . . . . .. 164.6 168 3 166.4 Big Red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63 3 35.3 49.3 . . . . .. 59.9 297.4 . . . . .. 178.6 Brackett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99.2 83.1 91.2 . . . . .. 74.6 161.4 309.4 181.8 Burbank Early July Elberta. . . . . . . . 53.6 146.8 100.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 236.7 102.9 169.8 Burbank Giant Freestone. . . . . . . . . . 90.8 40.4 65.6 . . . . . . 20.3 79.2 102.5 67.3 Canadian Queen . . . . . . . . . . .. 34.7 79.4 24.0 46.0 . . . . .. 29.2 67.8 175.3 90.8 Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.9 17.9 . . . . . . . . . . .. 64.8 28.0 46.4 Crawford Early Improved . . . 42.7 87 9 120.6 83.7 . . . . . . 66.0 99.0 206.3 123.8 Cumberland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 146.7 79.9 80.2 . . . . 158.2 127.5 . . . . .. 142.8 Early Rose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 192.6 85.6 103.7 125.4 219.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.4 Elberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87.6 99.9 120.5 102.7 . . . . .. 112 3 206.0 381.9 233.4 Fair Beauty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23.3 23.3 . . . . . . . . . . .. 113.3 132.1 122.7 Fisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 86.8 30.7 58.8 . . . . . . . . . . .. 91.3 58.2 74.8 Frank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55.1 42.6 86.7 61.5 80 1 17.7 126.0 174.5 99.6 Globe Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165.4 54.1 109.7 . . . . .. ** 67.7 261.0 164.4 Golden East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82.4 82.4 . . . . . . . . . . .. 194.9 124.6 159.7 Golden Jubilee . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26.3 136.4 150. 1 104.3 . . . . .. 146.8 . . . . . . . . . . .. 146.8 Gold Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 104.7 107.2 105.9 . . . . .. 6 .9 197 7 106 2 124.6 .9 7.4 37.1 . . . . .. 45.9 . . . . . . . . . . .. 45.9 .1 49.2 76.5 . . . . .. ** 178.4 185.3 181.8 7.4 77.9 52.6 . . . . . . . . . . .. 135.8 112.9 124.4 .1 142.7 124.9 . . . . .. 74.3 235.5 132.8 147.5 Honey Sfecial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.6 74.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 . . . . . . . . . Jack Bel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127 4 67.3 97.4 . . . . .. 52.7 78.4 240.7 123.9 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 83 2 132.5 107.8 . . . . . . . . . . .. 155.7 . . . . .. 155.7 June Elberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 1 93.3 54.9 54.1 . . . . .. ** 26.4 156.2 91.3 Kalhaven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54.6 100.8 77.7 . . . . . . . . . . .. 164.4 150.0 157.2 Leona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31.5 113.6 11.2 52.1 . . . . .. 42 0 153.8 . . . . .. 97.9 Mamie Ross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110.6 110.6 . . . . . . . . . . .. 143.1 122.8 133.0 Markberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78.6 74.1 76.4 . . . . .. 55.8 144.5 68.1 89.5 Mayflower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30.3 . . . . . . . . . . .. 30.3 75 1 61.5 . . . . . . . . . . .. 68.3 Minnie Stanford . . . . . . . . . . .. 54.9 48.5 19.0 40.8 . . . . .. 13.0 24.0 90.0 42.6 Montopolis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 77.2 122.4 99.8 . . . . . . . . . . .. 181.8 191.6 186.7 Oriole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 129.1 22.2 75.6 . . . . .. 75.7 84.0 173.8 111.2 Primrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135.1 105.9 120.5 . . . . .. 96.2 106.4 190.2 130.9 Radiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 180.6 168.1 174.4 . . . . .. 94.2 240.6 192.9 175.9 Redelberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65.2 74.9 70.0 . . . . .. 45.7 327.6 121.5 164.9 Rio Oso Gem . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 44.2 46.6 34.0 41.6 . . . . .. 47.1 93.4 . . . . .. 70.2 Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29.8 95.6 68.3 64.6 . . . . .. ** 154.9 109.1 132.0 Shovt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78.8 33.5 56.2 . . . . .. 74.4 121.2 . . . . .. 97.8 South Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 121.9 3.2 62.5 . . . . .. 44.5 107.2 185.6 112.4 Stark Early Elberta . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137.4 68.7 103.0 . . . . .. ** 88.1 255.5 171.8 Sunglow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.4 8.4 . . . . . . . . . . .. 80.9 54.0 67.4 Triogem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28.6 28.6 . . . . . . . . . . .. 97.0 157.9 127.4 Uneeda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41.5 150.5 258.8 150.2 132.9 209.2 131.9 326.1 200.0 Vedette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.9 89.6 118.8 . . . . .. 8.6 167.2 141.4 125.7 Veteran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149.7 87.0 118.3 . . . . .. 83.8 143.0 137.1 121.3 Viceroy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 135.2 147.8 141.5 . . . . .. 68.8 229.4 198.3 165.5 Viola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57.0 16.0 36.5 . . . . .. 43.6 99.0 . . . . .. 71.3 *Perce_ntage of average ield during years of late frost as compared with average yield of y g with normal frost ates. - **Used for_ breeding work. THeavy yields but fruit not harvested. PEACH" VARIETlES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 9 of the‘ effect of late frost they are not included. Yields during‘ years having late frosts ranged from 12.5 to 99.1 percent of the yields for years without late frosts. These figures are reliable only within limits, but do indicate differences in ability to produce in spite of the frost hazard. During the entire test, records were kept of the number of hours at 45 degrees or less that occurred from October through "the following February. With the exception of the 1940-41 season, there were sufficient hours of cold to permit normal development for the Elberta variety. This increased ' the size of the percentage given in the last column of Table 1 for som varieties, for example Minnie Stanford. » A ’ BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 10 . -8. 2.: 8 2322:. www 2 m .68 _ 2.2 mm2 m2 2R 2R R< m 2m. a2 =25 ..... . .2_2E=u 8 .22 m 2.2 mm2 m: 2R 2R 2R. 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.0000 00> 00> 00> m0000000w m0000000w 000.000 0w 0.000000% m=000000w 0.000000% 0000000.: 0000000 0.000000% 000E000 050000 0w 000E000 00000000.... 0.000000% 0000000000 u0000000w 003000 m0000000w 0000000 000000000 m0000000w 0.000000% 000>0 00000 000>0 00000 0000000 00000 000>0 00000 00000 _0>0 00000 _0>0 00000 _0>0 00000 00000 000/0 0000000 _0>0 00000 0000/0 00000 _0>0 00000 _0>0 000>0 00000 0000/0 00000 00000 000>0 00000 000000 00000 00000 0000000 00000 0M0: 0000:0000 00000000 400000 00000000 :000w :0Ew 00000 00000000 00000000 0E0: :000w 00000000 00000000 -:000w 00000000 00000000 00000000 000w 0 00_ 00000000 00000000 :000w 00000000 00000000 00000000 000000000 000m 000000 00000 00000000 .3000 000: 00000000 000: 000000 00000 00000000 E0: 000: :00: 00000000 0000 03000 0000c 500.0 00000000 000000 0000.0 0000000 @0003 0:000 w 00000 000 0.0.0020 000003 0000000 000 030003 0:000:00 00000.5 000.0 0300000 0» 0 m0 w 0.0:... 0» 000:0 0» 000m? 0» 0 0 w 00.0.0 00.00. w 000000 00c Q0000... 00000. w 09:00.0 00.0000 0000 0.00.0 0&0 000.0 00:0 0&0 0000 0000 000:0 w0:0 0000 000:0 000.: 000.0 0000 000.0 000.: 0000 0000 0000 000.0 000: 30:00» 0:03 0000000 0.3305. 30:00» 0:505 30:00» 30:00» 30:00» 0:03 30:00» 30:0.» 0:03 30:0.» 30:00» 30:00» 30:0.» 30:00» 30:9» 30:0.» 30:00» 0:03 02000.5 30:0.» uonao-nnun-aegim 10:95 0Z00:3m ...;.....0:0»..0m 100000000 0ow0fim . . . . . . .00w00:000m 000000.10 02000 P0005 . . 310030: 500m ............0000m ........AR@QU -2 ¢% . . . . . . .. . .%QQQN@Z . . . . . 40002 025w ............0000w 00M 000A w0000Ew fin -000 A MU 002w .0000: .5 .0. 302w $005M 00:000.000m ............0..a0w ...........E2=..w ........_.=.00.<.w :........_==0........0 . . . . . .00~woA0Qmm _MENT STATION v 28 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERI .50: 40> 00 030.00.00.00 .0050 .0>: 00.00: 005.50 000.300 50> $50000 002000000 .m:> 005000 00000 55005 55 355:0 000.: 30:0» . . . . . . . . . .000000> . .00. 0 1:0 > 00 5.5 m0 000 .0050 .0>: :0>0 00550 000.500 50> S5000 00020000 .0? 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PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 29 0. 43:00:: 0001.: .0»0:0:0 000.0 0:00:20 00.0 000x000: 0000 :0 0000000 .0>00000000 .0»0:0: 000m. .0000 00:00 .00:0000::0 0»>00: . $0000 :0 000:00 .0»0:0:0 000.0 .0>00000000 .0000 0000:2900 00.30: :00: $00000: 0000 0»00> 100000 E 020000000 0:: 30:00» 00:00: 0:00 43:00:: 000.0 .0w0E00 50E 00:00 0005000 000>0 00 0000 000 .0>00000000 50:00:: 0000 .0>00000000 00: ..»0:0:: 000m .000:00000 0:0 00w:00 00:00 .0»0:0:H.000000000000U .0>00000000 00:00. 50000:: 000.0 .0000: :0 000:00 .0>00.000000 00: 00:00 000 x000 0:00 00000:: 000001.: .0 0000000 0000000 .00:0000::0 >00 00 0:0 020000000 0..n0._m_0.0w000000:0000000_0»030h 0:000 .0>00000000 ...»0:0:0 00.000.%O . 0 000.00: :03 00£00 600:0 .00.: 0000000 0»00> . 0:0:: 0:00:08": .0000 ::.0 :0:3 0000 000E000 .0>00000000 >000» .0»0:0:: 000G .00E 00E 00> 00> 00E 00> 00E 00E 00> 0:900: 05000000 000000000 000000000 00008000 000000000 000000000 000000000 003000: 000000000 0:00.00: 0300003 000000000 000000000 0:00.00: 00>0 0:050 0::00 0::00 000>0 00:00 0::00 0000000 0::00 000>0 0::00 00>: 00:00 0:000 000>o 00:00 0::00 000>0 0:000 000>0 0::00 0000000 0::00 0000000 0::00 :0E0 00000 :0E0 E:000E :0E0 E:000E E3000: -:0E0 E3000: 0E0: 0E0: E:000E E3000: -:0E0 0E0 0 000 E3000: E3000: E3000: E0: E3000: E::00E E0: 000:8 0:0: 00:00 E0: E0: E0: 000:3 E0: E0: E0: E0: 00:00.5 0:: 00000000 00:00.00 0:: 00 00000 $00000 0000000 00:00.3 0:: 00505 0:: 00:0 0000 00:0 0000 00:0 0000 00:0 00000 000.0 000.0 0000 0000 0000 000.0 00:0 |0E00 30:00» 000:3 000000000 000:3 30:0.» 000:3 30:00» 30:00» 000:3 000:3 30:00 000:3 30:0.» 30:00» 30:00» 30:00» 00000 t: d :0:.::> . . 00000 »~ m :0:::> . 00000 I m GGGG5> .020: e200 . . .0§00§ 00.083 . . . . .......0E:>? ........0E0::>P . . . . .m::U :03}; . . .0000.» 00055 . . . . . . . . 00:00:00,? . . 000E000 :0000>P .....0:£.003 . .0020 00>0> .........0_00> nauounohoofioQk> 30 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 0 Figure 1. Radiance is an outstanding new early white freestone for local market. GENERAL COMMENTS ON PEACH VARIETIES A. A. Schillingz-An unintroduced seedling furnished by A. A. Schilling, Bastrop, Texas. One of the earliest yellow freestones grown in the test. . Flesh almost solid yellow to pit, and of good quality. Slightly tender for trucking, but popular on local markets. N ewday and Sunhigh of the same season are preferred. Admiral Dewey.-—In an effort to have available an early yellow free- stone this variety has been widely planted since the turn of the century. Its excess pubescence, susceptibility to brown rot and peach scab, and its unattractive fruit remove it from the list of desired varieties. Afterglow-Introduced by the New Jersey station in 1938, this is a J. H. Hale seedling. Its production has not been. comparable with Elberta which is of the same season. The variety has thus far shown a tendency to have a short bloom period. This firm yellow freestone is of good quality. Alexander.-—This variety is similar in both tree and fruit characters to Mayflower. Its high cold requirement along with a low percentage of years having profitable crops limits its use in this section. For the home orchardist who desires an extremely early fruit however poor its quality, planting space might be provided for a tree or two. Alton.—A white semi-cling that is slightly earlier than Mamie Ross. The local market has accepted Alton although stiff competition is offered by many desirable yellow freestones of the same season. i i E PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 31 Anna.—-Although this variety ripens with Golden Jubilee, its pleasing appearance and sweet flavor assures it a high rating on the local markets. It can be trucked moderate distances. Consistency of production, high yields, and ability to produce good sized fruit when the tree is heavily loaded guarantees the grower a crop of white, semi-cling peaches 80 percent of the time. Annabel.-—This yellow freestone is of the Elberta season. It has failed to show any special features that would tend to encourage its planting in this section. Ansenne (nectarine).—The variety has been profitable in our test. Once introduced to the trade the popularity increases rapidly. The main use is for fresh fruit, dessert, and as a canned product with the peel on. It is tender for shipping, but can be hauled moderate distances. The smooth-skinned fruit is very susceptible to brown rot, and it requires an additional application of sulphur to control the disease. Arp.—-The variety originated with C. P. Orr, Arp, Texas, about 1897 (5). Its popularity has rapidly waned since the introduction of a number of more desirable yellow freestones of earlier ripening dates, such as Fisher, Newday, and Sunhigh. The fact that the fruit ‘bruises easily, and is a cling of only fair quality, as compared to the above new varieties, lowers its popularity. Augbert.—Introduced about 1897, by Joel Boon, Lindale, Texas. It has been used rather widely to extend the season into the last of August. The appearance of the oriental fruit moth during recent years has caused the variety to have little value in this section. The attractive firm fruit ships well; the quality is good. Babcock.-—A variety originated by the California station as a mild- climate peach. At Nacogdoches it has been very prolific. Fruit size is not increased by thinning. The attractive fruit is susceptible to brown rot, is too tender to ship, and is of poor quality. Yet, on account of its color, A it is very much in demand at roadside stands and on the local markets. Bannen-This variety is too late for this section. Excessive pubescence i and dull greenish-yellow flesh detracts from its appearance. It breaks E. i1 E 5 i l. down in the pack. The production is light most years and inconsistent. Barbarar-This variety was introduced by J. W. Stubenrauch, Mexia, Texas. It is a cross of Bell's October and Elberta. At Nacogdoches it has been prolific and consistent in production of fair yields. The loss from oriental fruit moth damage is heavy. The fruit sizes well and is a good shipper. Beauty.——This yellow freestone fruit has the external markings of the ’ Arp. The cream colored flesh is streaked throughout with bright red. The quality is fair. The pack is fairly attractive, but the fruits are inclined to be dull and tend to lose their original shape after a sho-rt display period. Figure 2. Aerial picture of Substation No. 11 w» w‘ q w‘ w terraée system used in peach varie y planting. 34 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Belle.—(Belle of Georgia). A white variety that has been one of the 50 varieties grown commercially in the United States during the past 25 years (10). It colors well in advance of ripening for shipping. However, there are a number of yellow freestones available for the same season, which is only six days before Elberta. Bernard Early-The low yield, late season, and heavy loss of fruit from the oriental fruit moth eliminates the variety for this section. Bestmay.—A large, attractive, white cling that ripens a week earlier than Early Rose. The quality is considered good for an early white peach, but it is a little tart for some. It colors well some 10 days before ripening and can be trucked short distances. Best White.—The fruit is ugly with a heavy cottony pubescence over a greenish-white background. This white variety has no seasonal advantage and the quality is poor. Big Red-A large yellow freestone of Elberta season. The production is good some seasons. It has a higher quality than Elberta and presents a more favorable appearance in the pack. However, its lack of consistency in producing good yields most seasons limits its use in this area. Billmeyer.—A prolific yellow freestone that has poor appearance due to its heavy pubescence. Its cavity extends into a deep suture. The lemon yellow flesh has a dry crystalline appearance, and is of only fair quality. It has no promise for this section. Brackett.--This is another yellow freestone of Elberta season that has produced profitable crops during most of the six years tested at this station. Although prolific, it sizes well. The seed is objectionably coarse. The deep yellow flesh is light red at the seed, and sufliciently firm to ship well. The quality is good. An excellent variety for canning. Burbank- Early July Elberta.—This variety is gaining in popularity be- cause of its prolificacy. However, at Nacogdoches, this character has not assured dep-endable yields when late spring freezes occurred. It requires heavy thinning to size well. The fruit is attractive. The firm yellow flesh has excellent quality and can be shipped. It is 10 days earlier than Halehaven. Burbank Giant Freestone-The fruit is irregular, rough, and has an extremely long-curved tip. It is susceptible to scab. Brown rot causes the pack to break down rapidly. The quality is poor. Burbank July Gold-The small, lemon-yellow fruit has not responded to thinning by an increase in sizeDThe trees are only moderately vigorous and are prolific during favorable years. Preferred by some for pickling. Canadian Quee-nr-This variety is a few days earlier than Elberta. The yellow flesh is lightly streaked with red throughout with heavy red at the seed. The quality is excellent. The fruit stands up well in pack and ships. 'A:.‘n_.L.&JJA.__ . -. 1 a 5 a ‘a 1 i 4 _PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 35 Candoka-The few fruit set during three fruiting seasons showed it to be the most attractive peach grown in the test. The lack of production eliminates it for East Texas. Carman.-—This variety is listed (10) as one of the 50 grown commercially during the past 25 years. It was developed by J. W. Stubenrauch, Mexia, Texas, in 1899. It has long been popular for its ability to size fruit when heavily loaded, and consistency of production. The fruit colors well in advance of ripening, is roundish and shows to advantage in the pack. However, the fruit breaks down fast when ripe, and is slightly tart with only fair dessert quality. The appearance of high quality yellow freestones, such as Halehaven, at this season (late June) is pushing Carman out of commercial production. Carrie.—A seedling of Frank originated by J. W. Stubenrauch. It is not in the same class with its parent in either yield or desirability. At Nacogdoches, it has been too prolific, resulting in small size even when properly thinned. There is heavy loss from oriental fruit moth and from, scab. It is liked by some for drying, but Salway is preferred for this purpose. Charlotte. Originated by J. A. Evans, Arlington, Texas. Its production is erratic at Nacogdoches. The large yellow freestone fruit is very at- tractive and a good quality. It is four days later than Elberta. Chief.-—An Indian Cling selection made by Wolfe Nursery, Stephenville, Texas. It is typical of the old type Indian Cling as it is dark beet red to the seed. This type is very much in demand in this section for pickling. Very little thinning is required as the fruit tends to become too large for the desired pickle size. Chilovm-The trees under test were identical with those of Elberta Cling. The medium-small, yellow-fleshed fruit has a desirable individual flavor. It is very much in demand for preserving and pickling. The trees are vigorous and prolific. The fruit increases slightly in size with heavy thinning. It is somewhat susceptible to brown rot and scab. Cole Golden.--An attractive yellow freestone originated by Mr. Cole of San Augustine, Texas. It is promising to precede Elberta as it is eight days earlier. It is slow to come into bearing and has a tendency to bloom too early. The firm fruit is of good quality and ships well. Crawford Early Improved.—This variety has been prolific and con- sistent. in production at Nacogdoches. The fruit is smaller than desired for a yellow freestone of Elberta season. The quality is good. It has a ten- dency to bruise slightly in the pack. Colora.--The irregular fruits are not attractive in the pack. An extreme bulge over the suture softens and bruises easily while being packed. A number of slightly earlier varieties, such as Veteran, Vedette, and Vice- roy, are preferred. 36 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Cumberland-Introduced by the New Jersey station in 1925; a.cross of Belle and Greensboro (1): This is an excellent variety for mid-June. It ripens with Anna and Golden Jubilee. The fruit sizes well, is attractive and maintains its popularity on local markets. It colors sufliciently ahead of ripening to permit trucking short distances. The quality is good and slightly milder than Radiance. The yield has been good and consistent at Nacogdoches. C. W. Cartwright.—This is mostly cling until full ripe when it becomes partially free. The attractive, red-streaked yellow fruit is tender for shipping. It is popular on local markets and is one of the earliest yellow varieties. Dalton.-—The external fruit characters resemble Rochester. It is also susceptible to brown rot and scab. The dates of bloom and first harvest are almost identical. Rochester has been very consistent in production, while Dalton is irregular; both are prolific. Decker.—-This variety is not adapted to this section. A satisfactory yield was not produced during the entire test. The fruit is rough and ‘variable in size and shape. The flesh is white and very red at the.seed; flavor is bitter if not full ripe. Delicious.—Introduced by the New Jersey station in 1925; another selection of the Belle and Greensboro cross. The quality is good in this white freestone. It fails to meet the market requirements as the short stiff pubescence is not‘ pleasing in appearance. The trees have not been thrifty. It is irregular in production. The fruit is tender and breaks do easily in the pack. * Dillion Creek.—A white freestone of Mamie Ross season. The tender fruit has poor quality, breaks down easily in, the pack and matures over a short period. Yields are good and fairly consistent. Radiance is preferred. Dr. Burton.—This variety is also of the Mamie Ross season, and has both high yields and consistency of production. The quality is only fair and the appearance in the pack is dull. It sells poorly on the local market. Radiance is preferred. ’ Dr. Doty’s Elberta.——This variety is very similar to Golden Jubilee in bloom date, time of harvest, and consistency of production. The fruit tends to drop. It also has the habit of softening on the tip before ripening, as does Golden Jubilee. Duss Turner.-The appearance and quality are poor. The tender fruit is susceptible to brown rot, and the yields have been low. iEarly HaIehavcIL-(U. S. Pat. 235). It was discovered as a limb sport on a Halehaven tree in the orchard of John Nametz near Benton Harbor, Michigan, in 1938. This variety precedes Halehaven by 13 days, in spite of an earlier report (9) made on one season’s yield, which stated that it was not earlier than Halehaven. Although its production has been nnunnmiin... .._ ..._~. ,. PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS "37 observed for only two years, it would seem to be prolific, as there has been a heavy set of buds each season. It has a tendency to bloom too v early. The quality of the yellow freestone is good, and the appearance pleasing‘. It stands up well on local markets and Should ship well. Early Elberta.-It resembles the Slappey in fruit size and appearance, as well as in dates of first bloom and of harvest. Both are prolific and require heavy thinning to secure an increase in size of fruit. The quality is good. Halehaven is much preferred, and is six days earlier. Early ImperiaL-The production has not been satisfactory. The fruit is attractive and of fair quality. The skin is tough, but cracks easily in the a pack. Early Queen.—This variety closely resembles Golden Jubilee and Dr. Doty’s Elberta in appearance and quality of fruit. The bloom dates are the same. However, Early Queen ripens three days later than the others and has produced five consecutive good crops, as compared with approxi- l _ mately 80 percent good crops for the other varieties. Early Rose.-—The production of this variety is its outstanding character. It is prolific to the extent that thinning operations are costly. The fruit sizes well when properly thinned. The flavor is flat, and of poor quality. The fruit is attractive and sells readily on local markets, but few repeat their orders. A number of high quality yellow freestones such as Newday and Sunhigh, are available for this early season, and are much preferred. Early Wheeler (Red Bird Cling; Barry Cling).—This large white cling was introduced in 1906 by E. W. Kirkpatrick of McKinney, Texas. It has long been in demand for its earliness ‘and size. However, its production has not been satisfactory in this test. The fruit also has the bad habit of dropping before becoming ripe, and more than 50 percent of the fruit split at the stem-end under conditions of the test. While the quality of the fresh fruit is poor, it is used for canning. Bestmay is slightly earlier and preferred. Eclipse.-—This is another of the New Jersey station introductions. It is a seedling of Belle. The production has not been consistent. It is inclined to be prolific and fails to size its fruit when properly thinned. The quality is excellent and wo-uld command a special roadside market trade once the quality became better known. It is too tender to ship. Halehaven is much preferred for the same season. E. H. Hendon.—This is a selection of Indian Cling, and is similar to Moneymaker. Like all Indian Clings, it is in demand for pickling. It is late, and considerable loss occurs from oriental fruit moth. Elberta-A. variety that has stood the test of time, and is still being widely used. In this test, the production has been satisfactory. In some years thinning was necessary to improve size of the fruit. The quality of the tree-ripened fruit is good, but when pulled green the’ flavor seems to be bitter, even after becoming fully soft. 38 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Elberta Cling.—-It is supposed to be a cling selection from Elberta, but at Nacogdoches, it has little resemblance to the variety. The flavor is distinct and pleasing. It is much in demand for pickling as the average size is ideal for individual serving. It tends to be prolific and responds ' but little to thinning. Elberta Late.--In this test, trees of this variety ripened with Elberta instead of later as the name implies. The yield is only fair. The large yellow freestone fruit is attractive, Well shaped, and is of excellent quality. It ships well. Elberta Supreme.-—This is about three days earlier than Elberta. The fruit is very attractive but has an elongated tip that bruises in the pack. The skin has a tendency to crack after ripening, especially while in the pack. El Cling.-A small white cling that ripens too late for this section. The fruit has remained on the tree well into November, never becoming fit for consumption. Engle.—A small yellow freestone that does not respond to thinning. It follows the Elberta season by three days. The appearance is not pleas- ing due to its predominating green tinge on the cheek. The quality is good. Erly-Red-Fre-This is a freestone when full ripe. The flesh is green near the seed, and white with heavy red splashes toward the skin. Its quality is fair. Follows Mayflower by two days. Ap-parently it has a more mod- erate cold requirement than does Mayflower. Fair Beautys-This very attractive, firm fruit is limited for use in this section by its high cold requirement. It is much in demand when crops are produced. Halehaven is three days later, and is much preferred for, its dependable bearing habit. Fay Elberta.—This variety is showing a tendency to bloom too early in this section. It has not been under observation long enough to secure seasonal differences. The fruit is well colored, attractive, and of Elberta quality. It precedes the Elberta variety by 10 days and appears promising for this section. Fertile Hale.-—This is a shy bearer, like most J. H. Hale in this section. The fruit is very attractive, although it has a slight excess of pubescence. The flesh is yellow to the seed and of excellent quality. It is 10 days earlier than the J. H. Hale, and a week earlier than Elberta. Fireball.-—A large white cling that is solid red two weeks before ripening. While the quality is not the best, it attracts attention readily on local markets. It is desired by many for use in pies and preserves. The strong trees ably support a heavy crop that sizes well even when slightly thinned. Brown rot is hard to control on this variety. 4i i. i5 - 1 e “é .._....&.4‘_ m- 'A4-n14§$4u.z ..\ , .. ‘.hh_g4.d..§ln‘-A4».unrJ$x_..Lr _. . PEACH VARIETIES "FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 39 ens-wanna. 5i r éwewypan; Figure 3. Flaming Gold is an example of the new early‘ yellow freestones. The scale ls in centimeters. ' Fisher.—(U. S. Pat. 233). This variety has proven rather unprolific at Nacogdoches, but has been consistent in producing fair yields. It originated as a bud sport on -a Valiant tree on the farm of C. Howard Fisher & Sons, Queenston, Ontario. It was first observed in 1934. The very attractive,» yellow-fleshed fruits range from free to clingstone on the same tree, depending on stage of maturity. The quality is good for an' _; early variety and surpasses Arp or Marigold, but is not up to that of Newday or Sunhigh. Except for distant shipment, the latter two varieties are preferable for the same season. Fisher stands up well in the pack and it ships well. Flaming Gold.-—The fruit has a large- suture bulge, is slightly rough and irregular, but very attractive. The yellow flesh is lightly streaked with 40 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION red and is dark red at seed. The quality is good. It is promising for the season between Golden Jubilee and Halehaven. Flatonia.-~This South Texas variety sizes its fruit even when heavily loaded. The fruit is attractive with a faint trace of light red beneath the skin, which shows to an advantage in the pack. The fruit is rather tender as compared with Radiance and, being of the same season, the latter is preferred. Florence-This variety in general is similar to Mayflower, and is only two days later. The flavor is rather sweet for an early variety. It does not have the dark red skin coloring of Mayflower, but is attractive. The trees are not very vigorous. It is inclined to be prolific some seasons. Frank.--This is another of the J. W. Stubenrauch introductions of about 1903. It is prolific to the point that heavy thinning is required. The fact that it comes at the close of the Elberta season makes it desirable where the oriental fruit moth has not become a menace. It fails to color as at- tractively as desired in this section. Frankie. This is said to be a freestone seedling of Frank. The fruit is attractive, and of good quality. It is a few days later than Frank and has a heavy loss from the oriental fruit moth. Brown rot sets up rapidly in the fruits damaged by the insect. ‘Frederickar-This yellow freestone introduction by J. W. Stubenrauch is too late for this section. It also lacks consistency of production, and has thus far produced light crops. Gage Elberta.-This variety is only one day later than Elberta.‘ The fruit is more elongated, with a dark heavy pubescence, and less attractive than Elberta. The production has been fairly consistent but erratic in amount. It has a tendency to become less prolific after the third fruiting season. The tree growth is vigorous and characteristic only of this variety. At Nacogdoches, the trees required less pruning than any other variety. General Leer-In addition to having an unattractive fruit caused by excess pubescence over a greenish-white background, it is very soft, cracks, and is susceptible to brown rot. The production is only fair. The quality is good. - George Harris Indian Squaw.-—This variety is not a true Indian Cling. The production was not satisfactory. Globe Haven.—This variety is not as productive as Halehaven, al- though it has good crops 50 percent of the time. The yellow-fleshed free- stone fruit is attractive and is much in demand on local markets. The fruit is firm and will ship. The quality is excellent. It is rather shy on bud-set. Golden Beauty. Its lack of consistent production and the rather weak tree are the principal objections to this variety. The yellow-fleshed free- stone fruit is very attractive and of excellent quality. The fruit packs well and shows to advantage. hlaadianugrc..nn..fn..ia ..<... .. . -_~.'-,-.-.--_,-».'---.. 1.. .. ..,__._ .. PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 41 Golden Elbera Cling.—This is of the same season and closely resembles Stark’s Early Elberta. The fruit is very attractive with flesh yellow to the seed, and of excellent quality. A prolonged tip on some of the fruit is slightly objectionable in packing. The trees are vigorous and come into bearing early. The set of fruit buds is generous. The bloom period is short. The date of ripening is nine days earlier than that of Elberta. The fact that it is one of the earliest maturing yellow clings that will ship, should assure it a place to meet the demands for pickling and preserving purposes. \ Golden Dream-A local introduction. The white clingstone is too late for this section as the season follows Elberta. The oriental fruit moth damage is severe. Golden East-This was introduced by the New Jersey station in 1937. Trees planted in the Nacogdoches test in 1940 have been vigorous and productive. The fruit is large, very attractive, and packs and ships well. The quality of the yellow flesh is excellent and desirable for either fresh " eating or canning. The set of fruit buds is heavy, yet the variety does not show a tendency to be overprolific. It sizes well when moderately thinned. Since it is almost three weeks earlier than Elberta ‘and a. week later than Halehaven, the variety can be used extensively. One of the more promising new varieties. Golden Gem.—A late yellow cling that is very prolific but never matured a crop in this test. The loss from the oriental moth, scab, and brown rot was almost the entire set of fruit. Golden Globe-The variety is a cross between the J. H. Hale and Mari- gold. (4) It was introduced in 1937 by the New Jersey station. It has many qualities desired in a fruit with the exception of production. The set of fruit buds is very shy and the trees are slow to start bearing. The cold requirement appears to be higher than that of South Haven. The use of either Newday, or Sunhigh is preferred. Golden Jubilee.—This was introduced by the New Jersey station in 1926 (1). It is a cross between Elberta and Greensboro. Its main fault is the tendency of the fruit to soften on the tip while slightly green about the stem end. Even so, it has been very much in demand on the local markets and brings top prices at the season. However, with the intro- duction of Triogem, its popularity should be on the wane as the latter variety is one day earlier and lacks some of the faults of the Golden Jubilee. Gold Drop.-—A prolific yellow freestone that ripens two weeks later than Elberta. The quality is poor. The fruit is medium to small, with a prolonged. tip. It is too heavily damaged by the oriental fruit moth for use in this section. Gold Dust-This is a yellow cling that is twelve days later than Frank. Its production has been limited because of damage by the oriental fruit moth and by scab. Either the Stephenson or Frank is preferred. 42 BULLETINANO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Gold Medal.—-The external appearance of the fruit closely resembles Elberta, yet is is five days earlier. The flesh is yellow and stained bright red at the seed. The quality of tree-ripened fruit is excellent. It packs and displays well and is a good shipper. Its dependable production of heavy crops makes it a desirable variety to lead the Elberta season. Gold Standard.—This yellow. cling is two days later than Golden Elberta Cling. The trees have been vigorous, but slow to coine into bearing. The variety is not very prolific. The fruit is firm, of medium size and attractive. The flesh has good quality, and is yellow to the seed. Due to its production, Golden Elberta Cling is preferred. Governor Hogg.—The fruit has been listed as a cling and semi-cling - by some, but at Nacogdoches the tree-ripened fruit is free. The trees are vigorous but light bearers. The fruit ripens the latter part of June, a week later than Mamie Ross. The poor quality, tender fruit, and lack of production makes it undesirable. Governor Lanham.—This variety has produced some fruit each of the six years under test, yet in no season has it had a heavy yield. The fruit is a little dull due to heavy pubescence. The yellow flesh is of good quality and desirable for pickling and preserving. The Golden Elberta Cling is six days earlier and is preferred. , Griflith Cling.—It is slow to come into bearing and shy in its produc- tion. The trees are moderately vigorous. The fruit is very attractive with a rather heavy suture bulge toward the tip. The quality is excellent. The flesh is yellow to the seed. The seed is large and coarse. Halate.—Production has not been satisfactory during the five-year fruiting period. The fruit is attractive, and of good quality. It has a long, sharp tip that is damaged in the pack. Its low yield and late season makes it undesirable. Halberta.—-The young trees are somewhat prolific and size their fruit well during some seasons. The older trees produce poorly and have a noticeable increase of “buttons” (small undeveloped fruits). The fruit is very attractive, of excellent quality, and ships well. The flesh is yellow and heavily streaked with red, and dark red about the seed. Since it is “three days later than Elberta, there are a number of yellow freestone varieties that are preferred for their heavier yields. Halehaven.-—Introduced by the Michigan station in 1932 (10). It is a cross between J. H. Hale and South Haven. This yellow freestone has proven its value in many plantings through the principal peach sections of Texas. The trees come into bearing early and are productive to the point that heavy thinning is required. The fruit is attractive and colors sufficiently early to permit shipping. The flesh is yellow and has an ex- cessive amount of red throughout, which is objectionable to some for canning purposes. The quality is excellent. The variety can be recommended to follow Triogem and to precede Veteran, Vedette, and Viceroy. a..-;-ii,-.-....s..~..._i. ~' ' _.»_._@..._-_._. .-...i.;ii~.wmfn'.....n&'thn i s 3 s PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 43 i Hale Early.—The fruit is somewhat attractive with, skin of cream-green, heavily blushed with red. The fiesh is of unusual color, a greenish-white and pea green at the seed. The flavor is mild and the quality only fair. A number of better white and yellow varieties are available for the season. Hall (Hall’s Yellow).—This is a small yellow freestone of poor quality. F The cold requirement is very low. It has no special merit for planting in ’ this section. Hardec.—The cold requirement is high. The yields during six fruiting seasons were not satisfactory. The fruit is large, deep, and rough. The color is attractive. The flesh is yellow and of only fair quality. A few days later than Elberta. - Hardyberta.—This is not adapted in this section as its cold requirement is high. The large fruit is rough but attractively colored. It has a wide and deep suture, with halves markedly unequal. A prolonged, slightly crooked tip makes an awkward product to pack. The yellow flesh is of . good quality. Hart Cling.—A late white cling that has not been productive in this test. The loss from oriental fruit moth, scab and brown rot has been heavy. The quality is only fair. It is of Frank season, and this yellow cling is preferred. Hazel. Other than the Candoka, the yellow freestone fruits are con- sidered the most attractive of any variety in the test. The quality is excellent. The production has been erratic during the six fruiting years. Lack of yield eliminates it from the plantings in East Texas. Heath Cling.—This white cling is too late for planting in this area. s Heidelberg.—The medium small, dark-colored fruit with extra heavy fi coating of short pubescence does not meet the buyers’ approval in this section. It_ has a tendency to drop before becoming ripe. It is very sus- a eeptible to brovm rot. It is prolific some seasons and responds but little 5; to heavy thinning. ‘ Henderson Elberta Cling.—-It is five days earlier than Frank, but less iproductive. The large, attractive fruit is firm and of good quality. The fflesh is deep yellow and lightly streaked with red. It is considered ex- cellent for pickling and preserving. , Henrietta.—This has produced low yields during the five fruiting seasons fin thisgtest. The fruit is attractive. The flesh is deep yellow and stained gdark red at the seed. It is tart and considered a good pickling peach. Hiley.—This early freestone variety has been extensively planted ‘in this section. It has a low cold requirement, is prolific, and sizes the fruit well when reasonably thinned. It colors well in advance of ripening to permit shipping. The quality is only fair. There is. a tendency to replace the variety with Halehaven, which is five days earlier and, being a yellow freestone, is more favorably received by the market. 44 ‘ BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Hiley Belle.—The fruit grown from trees furnished for this variety does not closely resemble either the Hiley or the Belle. Its date of ripening is near the Hiley. The fruit is larger, and attractive in the pack. It is slightly tender for shipping. The quality is good. Radiance is nine days earlier, and better meets the requirements for a white peach of the season. H0bson.—The variety has been reported by Hotchkiss (6) as a cling- stone ripening June 25 to 30, and Brooks (3) reports it as a semi-cling, ripening July 25 to August 15 at Iowa Park. At Nacogdoches the tree- ripe fruit is not entirely free, yet is not considered a semi-cling. The quality is preferable to Radiance, which ripens four days earlier. The Hobson has been a prolific and consistent bearer. It sizes reasonably well under a heavy crop. The attractive fruit does not handle or stand up in the pack as well as the Radiance. Honey Special.-—As the name implies, it is a sweet, white-fleshed free- . stone. The quality is good for those who like a mild flavor. The trees are willowy, not too strong, and yet support a heavy crop. It is prolific to the extent that drastic thinning is required. The fruit is fairly at- tractive, stands up well in small containers, and is in demand by those who know its qualities. The low yields as shown in Table 2 are mainly due to incomplete harvest of marketable fruit. Hope Farm.—This is an excellent variety for the home orchard where special interest is centered on a peach of outstanding flavor. The large fruit is not very attractive, and is too tender to pack. Although not prolific, the high yield results from the large size of the fruit. Hoy.—This is a light bearer at Nacogdoches. The trees are only mod- erately vigorous although apparently healthy. The fruit is attractive with a red blush over a lemon-yellow background. It colors well before ripening. The quality is excellent. Ideal. The yields are light and trees are not very vigorous. The fruit is of wrinkled appearance, but has an attractive color. the quality is good. Halehaven is eight days earlier and is preferred. ' Illinois.—The trees are vigorous, prolific and consistent bearers, afi heavy thinning is required to size the fruit. The white freestone fruit is slightly stringy and of good quality. There are several desirable yellow freestones for the season. ’ Improved Elbertzu-This selection has proven to be less desirable than the regular Elberta. Its production has been both poor and incon-_ sistent. The roundish-oval fruits are easy to pack. Improved Victor.—This variety originated with John B. Bass, Bass, Texas. In this test, the trees were vigorous, produced regular crops, and some years showed a tendency to be too prolific. The fruit responds PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 45 to moderate thinning. A slight excess of pubescence reduces its at- tractiveness in the pack. The quality is fair. Radiance, one day later, is much preferred. Jack BelL-This variety was originated by Charlie Kidd, Waxahachie, Texas. At Nacogdoches, it has proven to be a very dependable white cling, ripening eleven days earlier than Elberta. The trees are very vigorous and prolific. The fruit sizes well; during years of light fruit sets the size is somewhat larger than desired for pickling. The quality is poor for fresh eating, and the pack is not particularly attractive. The fruit is firm, packs and ships well, and is popular locally for use in preserves and pickles. Jackson Elberta.—This selection has not shown any particular good merits other than being two days earlier than the regular Elberta. Its chief fault-s are light production and a tendency to drop before becoming full ripe. July Gold.--The material grown under this name closely resembles the Burbank Early July Elberta. The main points of resemblance are the dates of ripening and the color, shape, and quality of the fruit. The trees are somewhat more erect and stronger than the Burbank Early July Elberta, and the dates of bloom diifer by a few days. It, too, is prolific. The fruit is firm, packs and ships well, and is of excellent quality.. It is of Halehaven season. June Elberta.—This is one of the early yellow clingstonesf The yield l‘ has not been satisfactory. The fruit is stringy, of only fair quality, and bruises easily. It is not recommended even for home use, as Newday and l: Sunhigh are only three to six days later, and much preferred. June Wax.—This is an erratic performer. Some years it is prolific to » the point that heavy thinning is required. In other years of light fruit set, the size exceeds the largest Halbertas grown in this test. The trees are vigorous and the fruit is attractive on the tree. It is too tender to ship and breaks down rapidly from brown rot. Its flavor is very sweet, l and it could be recommended for the home orchard if its production were more dependable. J. H. Hale.—-This is a chance seedling found by J. H. ‘Hale, South Glastonbury, Connecticut (5). Of the several strains tested at Nacogdoches, Y, none has had satisfactory production. The color has not been as rich " as thelElberta. The trees are strong, but slow growers. The fruit bud set has been shy during most seasons. Due to its several desirable fruit l’ characters, it should be considered for planting in the northern part of the j. State. Kalamazoo.--This variety originated with J. N. Stearns, Kalamazoo, Michigan. The material grown in this test has many characters that resemble those of the Kalhaven. The trees are moderately vigorous 46 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION prolific, and require extensive thinning to size the fruit. The ripening date is a week earlier than Elberta. The fruit is attractively colored well in advance of ripening. It packs and ships well, although some of the fruits have extended tips that are objectionable in packing. The flesh is yellow with a light red stain at the seed. The quality is good, although slightly tart unless full tree-ripe. Kalhaven.——This variety was introduced by the Michigan station. Al- though it is a prolific and consistent bearer, the production has not been as good as that of the Kalamazoo. The fruit stands up well in the pack but is not attractive, due to irregularity and roughness. Its good color appears well in advance of ripening. The flesh is yellow, but is dark red at the seed. The quality is good. Of the two varieties, Kalamazoo is preferred. Katie.-—This is a Stubenrauch variety that has not been satisfactory in this test. The trees are strong and vigorous. It has a light develop- ment of fruit buds. The fruit is too late for this section, as the oriental fruit moth and scab materially reduced the yield. Kent.—The excellent quality and texture of this yellow cling, along with a ripening period which follows closely the Elberta season, make it a desirable variety. However, its low and inconsistent yields remove it from the commercial list of recommended varieties for this section. Stephenson of the same season is more productive and is preferred. Krummel (October).—This yellow cling is a light bearer and ripens too late for this section. The fruit is small but very attractive some seasons. The quality is only fair. Lagrange-This variety has produced poor yields at the Nacogdoches station. The fruit sizes well and is attractive. The flesh is greenish- yellow and stained lightly with red. The quality is good. The trees are moderately vigorous and have been susceptible to winter injury. Late Elberta Rex.—A yellow freestone possessing good quality but too late for this section. In some seasons the coloring is good, in others the fruit softens before color appears. The trees are vigorous, slow to come into heavy bearing, and have a light set of fruit buds. Lela Dudley.-—The trees of this variety have been very slow growers, although of sound and thrifty appearance. The fruit bud set has been poor. The bloom period is moderately short. The fruit is large and of good quality, although the flesh is stringy. It ripens 10 days earlier than Elberta. Golden East or Viceroy, which are a week earlier, are much preferred. Lemon Cling.——This variety has been prolific but inconsistent in its fruiting habit at this station. There has been no response to moderate thinning for sizing its fruit. The quality is poor and loss is heavy in some seasons from the oriental fruit moth. ’ um A...“ m»: kmilkflfivkmldarsaa. . PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 47 Lemon Free-The fruit of this variety is almost as unattractive as that of the General Lee. Besides being late, the trees are slow to come into bearing and have produced low yields. The fruit drops before becoming ripe as a result of heavy infestation of oriental fruit moth. The quality 1S poor. Leona.-The variety originated with F. T. Ramsey, Austin, Texas, about 1900. The trees are rather dwarf, although strong and moderately vigorous. It has a tendency to be prolific some seasons. The fruit sizes fairly well under a heavy set and responds very favorably to thinning. The color is good and the fruit is attractive in the pack. The yellow flesh is of good quality, but more tender than Elberta. Leona is a good variety to precede the Elberta season since it ripens a week earlier. The chief objection to the variety is its inconsistency in producing good crops. Liberty-This is another Stubenrauch origination. The yellow cling ripening eliminate it for planting in this section. Livingston Beauty-This variety is productive but meets the competition of too many good yellow freestones of the same season. Its quality is rated as poor, although it is liked by some for its sweet mild" flavor. The fruit is not attractive and bruise-s easily. Lockwood.—This variety has not been productive at this station. The trees are strong yet subject to Winter injury. The fruit is rough and ir- regular with a long tip. The color is good and the packed product is attractive. The flesh is dark red at the seed and of good quality. Luttichau.—This Honey type white freestone was not productive. A L large percentage of its yield was lost through inability to control brown rot. The fruit is unattractive, soft, and bruises easily. The quality is W poor, as the flavor has a bitter tinge. L. C. Patterson.-—This is an unintroduced seedling that closely re- sembles the Fireball. The fruit colors dark red two weeks before ripening l» and is very attractive. The loss from brown rot is heavy. It is desired 1:. “by many for canning and pies as it is firm for a mid-June peach. The trees are large and strong, and ably support a heavy crop. They have the ability to size the fruit even under heavy fruit set. It is about a week i-earlier than Radiance and could be used to a limited advantage for road- liside stands and local markets. The quality is considered as poor. Mamie Ross.—This variety originated with Capt. A. J. Ross, Dallas, QTexas. It has long been well known and popular for use in the home iorchard, mainly for its large white freestone fruit that are soft, juicy, 1 and sweet with a tinge of tartness. It is also productive and matures its fruit over a period of more than two weeks. The introduction 70f several high quality yellow freestones of the same season is gradually ‘fpushing the variety into the background. a fruit is attractive and of good quality. The poor yields -and lateness of p 48 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Marigold.-The variety was introduced by the New Jersey station in 1925. It is -a cross between Lola and Arp. This is a very early yellow semi-cling that is nearly free when fullyripe. Its quality is good, and the fruit is attractively colored. The trees are weak, and are susceptible to winter injury. The fruit bud set is ample. Newday and Sunhigh are of the season and are preferred. Markberta.—This is an excellent seedling of Elbert-a; although it is not as productive as its parent, the trees are vigorous and hardy. They have the strength to support a heavy crop and size the fruit during a heavy set. The fruit sizes well under moderate thinning. The color is good and the packed product attractive. It is firm, stands up well in the pack and is a good shipper. The quality is good although a slight astringency is noted. Mark—Late.—This variety is supposed to be five days later than El- berta, yet, at Nacogdoches, it is two days earlier. The trees are strong and vigorous, and of compact spreading growth. The fruit bud set has been a little light. The yields are good because of the large size of the fruit. The fruit is attractive, and uniform in color as well as shape. The packed product is pleasing, and firm enough to ship. The deep yellow flesh is dry in appearance, but of excellent quality. Of the two selections, the Markberta is preferred. Markham Cling.--The trees are not as strong or as consistent in pro- duction as desired. It is of the same season as the Stephenson, which is preferred. The fruit of the Markham Cling is attractive with its yellow skin lightly blushed with red. The yellow flesh has a heavy coloring of red at the seed. The quality is good. The firm fruit packs attractively and ships well. Markham JeweL-This variety has produced only fair yields. The‘ trees are strong, but fail to size the fruit under an average crop. Neither does the fruit respond very favorably to thinning. The fruit is very at- tractive, of medium size, and firm enough to ship. The yellow flesh is stained light red at the seed. The quality is excellent. The Markberta, which is five days earlier and more productive, is preferred. Mary Woodbury.——The production of this variety has been disappointing as only one heavy crop was produced during four years, although in an earlier report (8), the variety was recommended for use in this section. The quality of this yellow cling is excellent. The season is four days earlier than Stephenson. The fruit is attractive and firm enough to ship. The fruit is too large most seasons for pickling. The pubescence is heavy but not very conspicuous. The trees are large and vigorous. The Golden Elberta Cling is six days earlier, and, although the fruit is not as firm, it is preferred due to its heavy yield and earliness. Mayflower.--This is a variety most sought after by home orchardists in this section as it is the earliest to ripen. Usually the results are dis- PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 49 appointing as its cold requirement is high, therefore, a poor yield is obtained most seasons. The fruit is of poor quality and of no use other than eating fresh. The trees are not especially vigorous, are subject to winter injury, and have a high percentage of twig die-back. They are usually short-lived. The Uneeda has been more profitable at Nacogdoches A and is much preferred, although eight days later in ripening. McDaniel June-This variety is prolific and bears good sized fruit. The trees are vigorous and produce a fair crop. The fruit is fairly at- tractive but too tender for other than home use. The quality is only fair. Newday and Sunhigh of the same season are preferred. McDaniel May.-—For two years the variety has fruited nine days earlier than the date-s given for Mayflower (Table 2). However, a check with other trees growing locally during these two years show it to be of same ripening date. It is similar in color to the fruit of the Mayflower. . The flavor is bitter and the quality poor. McDevitt.-—The few fruit produced by this variety were of fair quality and attractive. The cold requirement is high. The trees are strong and upright. Frank is of the same season and much preferred. McKevitt-The production is very low for this variety. The fruit is a cream-white cling of fair quality and ripens later than the McDevitt. The strong, upright trees have a low fruit-bud set. It is too late for this section. Mikado.—There is considerable controversy about the name of this variety. The name widely used in the South is synonymous with June Elberta. Hedrick, in “The Peaches of New York,” reports it as a yellow semi-cling ripening a month later than Elberta. The material furnished for this test by the Allen Nurseries, Geneva, Ohio, ripens with them in August, and is listed as a yellow semi-cling. This lot of trees is obviously neither of the two varieties mentioned above. Since the variety has been profitable in this test, is mostly a freestone, and resembles no other variety in our test, the behavior of the material secured is being reported under this name. The trees are very vigorous, large and spreading, and ably support a heavy crop. They also have the ability to size the fruit well, even under a heavy set. The fruit responds favorably to moderate thinning. The color is good, and makes an attractive pack. The flesh is lightly streaked with red adjacent to the seed. The quality is good to excellent. It is firm and ships well. It is four days earlier than Elberta. Minnie Stanford-This has produced one heavy crop out of six years. The yield has been consistent, but too light for profit. The trees are large and vigorous. The fruit is large and tends to shed before_becoming fully ripe. The color is solid yellow and not highly attractive in the pack. The flesh is of good quality and is excellent for preserves. It has previously been reported as a yellow freestone (7). Stephenson is earlier and is much preferred. ' 50 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Moneymakere-This is a yellow-fleshed Indian Cling. The - external markings of the fruit are typical of the Indian Cling. It has not been productive in this test, the yields being reduced each season by the oriental fruit moth damage. There are other typical Indian Clings that are earlier and preferred to this one. Montopolis-i-This variety ripens in the midst of a large number of desirable yellow freestones. It is eight days earlier than Elberta. It is " supposed to require less cold than other varieties. The trees are large and vigorous. They can support a heavy crop and size the fruit well. The fruit sizes under moderate thinning. The large, attractive, white fruit is heavily blushed with bright red. It colors sufficiently in advance of- ripening to permit packing and shipping. Its quality is good, and is excellent for use where the trade demands a white freestone of that season. Moore Elberta.-This is a seedling selection of Elberta that does not meet the standard set by its parent. Mountain Rose.—The variety is similar to the Mayflower in fruit and tree characters. Muir.——This is a low yielder in this section. The fruit is large, rough, and poorly colored. The packed product is unattractive due to a greenish- lemon color. It is of the Elberta season. Newday.-A recent introduction by the New Jersey station. It is a cross made of Hale and N.J. 40 CS; Although it has only fruited two seasons in this test, it is felt that the variety has helped to fill a great need for a high quality yellow freestone ripening the first 10 days of June. The trees are vigorous, and upright with a tendency to be slightly willowy. The fruit bud set is heavy, yet excessive thinning is not re- quired. The fruit sizes well under ordinary thinning practices. The color is very good and appears sufficiently early to permit packing for trucking. However, the tree-ripened fruit must be handled carefully as it is tender and shows picking bruises within 24 hours. The flesh is yellow and heavily streaked with bright red. The quality is good. Reports from one season are favorable on its merits as a canned product. ' New Honey Dew.-—This large white freestone is an excellent choice for the home orchard where size and sweetness are first considerations, The large vigorous trees are prolific and consistent in production. The A yield is good. The large fruit is tender, susceptible to brown rot, and breaks down easily in the pack. The flesh is stringy, but sweet and 'juicy, and of good flavor. New Prolific.—This has not been profitable in this test, as the yields have been both low and inconsistent. The fruit is irregular and rough, but of good color some seasons. The quality is only fair. October Beauty.~—Fruit of this variety that escapes the oriental fruit moth is very attractive and comes at a time when prices are excellent. mar ‘£1.11. m. ‘ -' AAJ-rim-‘QAJ-nzjrnl-LQK-IM/lamlivinsdm m. . s... ma” vvwammv-wvrm-wrvwwqvrwwzivvwr:'r'm'n's"v;vr~vvrvwr.i.. .._.;._~_...x . . “d4m1i.su.p.._. . bl z h, PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 59 Viceroy.—-The fruit is inclined to be a semi-cling. However, the cling tendency disappears when the fruit is tree-ripened or allowed to soften in the pack. The trees are large, vigorous, and spreading. It yields more than Vedette. The trees are inclined to be prolific. They can support and size a heavy crop. The fruit is firm, fine-grained and very attractive. The flesh is solid yellow with a light red at the seed. Its quality is good, ‘ but not comparable to Veteran. Viola.—This was among the most promising varieties during its first three crops. However, the yields declined after the third fruiting season, although the trees remained strong and vigorous. It leads the Elberta season by three days and has proven to be a good shipper. It is popular on local markets for its canning and dessert qualities. Its quality is rated as excellent. The yellow flesh is lightly stained with red throughout. The packed product is pleasing as the fruit colors well several days in advance of ripening. Vivid Globe.—-This is very similar to Halberta in growth of tree, and in size and color of fruit, but it matures six days earlier. Its production has been low due largely to lack of fruit buds. The fruit is large, richly colored, firm and ships well. The flesh is stringy unless fully ripe. Lack of production is one of the main objections to the variety. Wahlbertr-The trees are thrifty, and very prolific. The vrillowy limbs support a heavy load. A heavy thinning is required to secure desired size of fruit. The excessive pubescence dulls the appearance ofithe dark red fruit. There is considerable loss of fruit from brown rot. The flesh is streaked with dull red near the skin, and with bright red near the seed. The quality’ is poor. A number of desirable varieties are available for its season. Watson Climax.—This variety is of the Early Wheeler season. Trees are vigorous and prolific. Yields have been light, due mainly to heavy infestation of brown rot. The fruit is nearly round, with a solid dark red skin. The flesh is white and heavily stained with red, except near the seed, which is greenish-white. The quality is fair. Welcome.—This has not been productive in the test. The trees are large and thrifty. The yellow freestone fruit is large, well colored and attractive. The fruit of 1945 was larger than that of either Halberta or Vivid Globe. The variety is two days later than Elberta. White Hale.—This is a cross between J. H. Hale and Belle. It was introduced in 1932 by the New Jersey station. It is a large, white free- stone of unusual flavor. The quality is good with a sweet lingering taste in some fruit, while others show a trace of tartness. The fruit is heavily blushed with red well in advance of ripening, and offers the possibility of shipping. However, nearly ripe fruit must be handled with care in packs for local markets. The packed product is not highly attractive. The trees 60 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION are strong and thrifty with a generous set of fruit buds. Since the variety ripens during the Elberta season, it is doubtful if it should be planted except for a special market. Whitton Cling.—This is a round, white cling that has no special merits to justify its use. Other varieties of the same season such as Stephenson and Elberta Cling, provide a high quality yellow cling much preferred for preserving and pickling. ‘ Williams.—This variety has been consistent in setting good crops but failing in yields due to heavy loss from oriental fruit moth. The fruit is well-colored, firm and attractive in the pack. The quality is only fair as a trace of astringency prevails. The trees are slow growers, but strong and thrifty. The variety offers possibilities for following the Frank season where the oriental fruit moth is not present. Wilma.—This is a yellow freestone that is two days earlier than Elberta. The fruit is of medium size and has a lemon yellow skin with a dark red blush. It is only fairly attractive. A prolonged tip some seasons proved to be a detriment in packing. The flesh is. lemon yellow, stained bright red at the seed. The fine-grained flesh has good quality. The trees are spreading, vigorous and can support a heavy crop. The fruit bud set is generous, yet a minimum amount of thinning is required. World’s Earliest.—-This is a very early white cling of poor quality. It is not as well colored as Mayflower. The fruit is inclined to drop before it ripens. The flesh is tough, yet will not stand up in the pack. It is not recommended for this section. , Yellow Hiley.—This variety bears no resemblance to Hiley as grown in this test. The date of ripening is three weeks later than Hiley. It is of the Elberta season. The fruit is medium-sized, with heavy pubescence. The skin is highly colored with a dark red blush over a greenish-yellow background. The yellow flesh is lightly streaked with red. The quality is good. It is tender in the pack even for local markets. Other yellow-fleshed varieties of the season are more desirable. Yunnan (P.I. 55885).-—The three fo-llowing Yunnan selections are U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry introductions from Yunnan, China. The primary purpose of placing them in the test was to observe their yields. Each is recommended as being resistant to nematodes. This selection is a white cling that has become popular for pickling purposes, mainly due to its small fruit and seed. Its production has been good. Yunnan (P.I. 55886).—The production of this selection is too low for seed purposes. Yunnan (P.I. 55888).—-The flesh of this selection is yellow. Its produc- tion is not as satisfactory as P.I. 55885. PEACH VARIETIES FOR CENTRAL EAST TEXAS 61 SUGGESTED VARIETIES FOR EAST TEXAS There are three principal types of orchards to be considered when recom- mending a list of peach varieties, namely, the home orchard, plantings of several acres for supplying roadside stands and nearby markets, and large plantings where interest lies mainly in shipping to distant markets. I Varieties for the Home Orchard The home orchardist is interested in serving the earliest peaches of the season as well as having available a continuous supply throughout late May to the middle of August. These must be high quality white and yellow freestones for fresh eating, dessert, and canning purposes. There must also be some firm white and yellow clings for pickles and preserves. A planting of the following varieties will cover these require- ments (dates are first ripe): May 20-31, Mayflower; June 1-10, Newday, Sunhigh and Bestmay; June 11 -20, Anna, Cumberland, Golden Jubilee and Triogem; June 21-30, Burbank Early July Elberta, Golden East, Hale- haven, Radiance, Veteran, Valiant and Viceroy; July 1-10, Jack Bell, Honey Special and Redelberta; July 11-20, Belle, Elberta and Stephenson; July 21-31, Frank. Varieties for Roadside Stands and Near-by Markets The commercial orchardist has a large number of requirements to meet to fulfill the demands of these two markets. First, the flow of fruit must be continuous to hold the interest of the buying public; second, the produce offered must be attractive and of high quality, and third, a number of varieties must be offered to meet the demand for the different types, of fruit as the season advances. Naturally, the orchardist is primarily in- terested in heavy yields of a peach that will move and stand up in the containers. The following list of varieties has been selected to meet these require- ments (dates are first ripe): June 1-10, Bestmay, Newday, Sunhigh, Early Halehaven and Uneeda; June 11-20, Anna, Cumberland, Golden Jubilee, Flaming Gold and Triogem; June 21-30, Burbank Early July Elberta, Golden East, Halehaven, Radiance, Veteran, Valiant and Viceroy; July 1-10, Golden Elberta Cling, Jack Bell, Redelberta and Vedette; July 11-20, Brackett, Elberta, Gold Medal, Markberta and Stephenson; July 21-31, Barbara, Chilow and Frank. Varieties for Shipping There is a growing tendency of the orchardist to extend his shipping season. Therefore, he has in the main to look for varieties ripening before the Elberta season, since those maturing much later are heavily damaged by the oriental fruit moth. 62 BULLETIN NO. 687, TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION The following list of varieties has been selected for their productiveness, f’ and firmness, while maintaining high standards of appearance and quality g (dates are first ripe): June 1-10, Newday and Sunhigh; June 11-20, Trio- gem; June 21-30, Burbank Early July Elberta, Golden East, Halehaven and Viceroy; July 1-10, Vedette and Redelberta; July 11-20, Brackett, Elberta, Gold Medal, Markberta and Stephenson. . ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. S. H. Yarnell; formerly chief, of the Division of Horticulture, Texas Agricultural Ex- periment Station, now senior geneticist, U. S. Southern Regional Vege- table Breeding Laboratory, Charleston, S. Car., for his assistance both in planning this survey and in assembling the material in this bulletin. LITERATURE CITED (l) Blake, M. A. and Connors, C. H. Early results of Peach Breeding in New Jersey. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. No. 599. January 1936. (2) Blake, M. A. and Edgerton, L. J. Breeding and Improvement of Peach Varieties in New Jersey. N.- J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. No. 726. June 1946. (3) Brooks, L. E. Tree Fruit Varieties in North Texas. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. No. 535. 1936. (4) Dunbar, C. O. Some Newer Peach Varieties. Sta. Bul. No. 442. February 1943. Penn. Agr. Exp. (5) Hedrick, U. P., et al. The Peaches of New York. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. Rpt. 1916 Pt. II 1917. (6) Hotchkiss, W. S. Progress Report, Substation No. 2, Troup, Texas. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. No. 209. 1917. (7) Morris, H. F. Peach Varieties for East Texas Home Orchards. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Progress Report No. 701. 1940. (8) Morris, H. F. Notes on Promising Varieties of Peaches Under Test in East Texas. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Progress Report No. 823. Jan- uary 1943. (9) Morris, H. F. A Preliminary Report on Some New Peach Va- rieties in East Texas. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Progress Report No. 909. October 1944. (10) U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook of Agriculture, Page 676-677. 1937. MLLMkJALL. m5... .