, IE5‘ ) 6-9/3 543V. aw» A Performa nee 0]‘ Peach Varieties in East Texas oququdl /958 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION R. D. LEWIS, DIRECTOR. COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS, i‘~ SUMMARY Economic conditions and improved transportation facilities have encouraged the consumption of the peach as a fresh fruit. Plant breeders of commercial industries and State and Federal experiment stations in recent years have developed peach varieties with fruits of high quality. early ripening and yellow flesh. This bulletin gives the results of a survey on the performance and characteristics of most of the new varieties. and a number of the older ones, made at the Tyler station during 1949-57. A A report was made in 1947 on 227 peach varieties and selections grown at the Nacogdoches station. The behavior of these varieties was published in TAES Bulletin 687. SUGGESTED PEACH VARIETIES FOR EAST TEXAS Ripening For home use For local market For shipping May 25- Hiland. Cardinal, Dixired Hiland. Cardinal, Dixired. Cardinal lune 5 Maybelle lune 5-15 Redcap. lerseyland. Coronet Redcap. Ierseyland. Coronet Coronet lune 15-25 Redhaven. Dixigem. Triogem Redhaven. Dixigem. Triogem. Triogem Raritan Rose lune 25- Ranger. Iuly Elberta (Bur- Ranger. Iuly Elberta (Bur- Ranger Iuly 5 bank). Vedette bank). Vedette. Melba Iuly 5-15 Scarlet Elberta. Loring Scarlet Elberta. Loring Scarlet Elberta, - Iuly 15-25 Veteran. Redskin. Summer- Veteran. Redskin. Summer- Redskin crest. Brackett crest. Brackett Iuly 25- Elberta Elberta. Laterose Elberta August 5 . . August 5-15 Afterglow. Frank. Michigold Frank Afterglow. Frank. Michigold ‘LIMITED HISTORICAL REVIEW of peach growing f East Texas, some indications as to the cause ‘ certain failures and a detailed report on an pnsive list of peach varieties, were reported 1947 from work at the Nacogdoches station )- Because of changing economic conditions, H supply and consumer preference, it was ’ ssary to continue and expand the work of cting peach varieties that might meet the sent requirements. ._ Few home orchards or small acreages are suc- ful or profitable because of equipment cost a the failure to carry out approved cultural, ying, pruning and thinning operations. Com- cial plantings require sufficient acreage to tify the cash outlay needed for equipment es- tial to the production and marketing of high lity fruit. A successful orchard operation re- 'tes the full-time services of a competent op- j? 0r. l, An adequate labor supply continues to be a tical problem with indications of further short- in the future. Such a situation encourages - grower to select varieties that will spread his 1 est operations over 50 to 60 days. Where ‘gation can be used profitably, an even longer ' est period could be used to advantage. T Most Texas-grown peaches are used as fresh its. Home canning of the fruit appears to be a low ebb, possibly because of the cost and the ailability of the fruit as a high-quality frozen 11013. _ The housewife is a discriminating buyer of ~ fruit. It must have eye appeal as well as vor to secure a repeat sale. There must be a p; dy supply over a long period to retain her in- ‘st in this fruit. All varieties do not produce 'ts which meet the requirement for processing quality frozen product. These factors alone 'se the grower concern when choosing planting terial to establish the orchard. ;,Plant breeders of commercial industries and 0' - and Federal experiment stations in recent _ s have developed varieties to meet the needs the orchardist. This report discusses the per- A ance and behavior of a large number of these 7- already recognized varieties grown at the er station. " CULTURAL METHODS _ A site of approximately "10 acres was selec- for the 1948-49 varietal planting. The prin- pl soil type is Kirvin with several phases rang- erformance of Peach Varieties in East Texas H. F. MORRIS, Horticulturist Substation No. 2, Tyler, Texas ing from fine sandy loam to reddish gravelly fine sandy loam. The trees were set both on the terrace ridge and between terraces with spacing 25 feet in the tree row. The rows between the terraces were 25 feet apart and parallel to the upper terrace. The row width adjacent to the down-slope terrace varied considerably in the spacing but no trees were nearer than 20 feet to those on the down- slope terrace ridge. A second site of 5 acres was selected in 1951 to provide an opportunity to assemble new varie- ties and selections recently introduced and in- clude some that were not being grown in the orig- inal planting. The soil was largely Nacogdoches fine sandy loam and Nacogdoches gravelly fine sandy loam. Terraces were constructed and trees planted on the terrace ridge and between terraces in line with methods used in the 1948-49 plant- ing. A winter cover crop of Abruzzi rye and Dixie Wonder peas was planted each season in 1 block of the orchard. A second block was planted to Abruzzi rye and Hairy vetch. An application of 300 pounds to the acre of a 5-10-5 fertilizer was made prior to planting of each cover crop the first 2 years. Tree growth indicated that the additional fertilizer was not required and subsequent cover CONTENTS Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Cultural Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Experimental Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Effect of Temperature and Rainfall on Production and Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 General Comments on Peach Varieties. . .20 Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Other Varieties Grown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Recommended Varieties for East Texas . .35 For Home Orchard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 For Roadside Stands and Nearby Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 For Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Literature Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 crop plantings were not treated. Cover crops used in the orchard started in 1951-52 consisted of Abruzzi rye and Hairy vetch. N0 additional fer- tilizer was applied to the winter cover crops. To prevent populations of stinkbugs, and other in- sects responsible for the catfacing damage to peaches from feeding on the cover crop, the crop residue was plowed under by early April. A pro- cedure was followed in the plowing operation that would leave a portion of the crop residue on the soil surface to reduce soil erosion. In addition to the use of cover crops, 5-10-5 commercial fertilizer was broadcast reasonably close to the trees at the rate of 2 pounds per 1- year-old tree. The fertilizer was disked under immediately after being applied. Three pounds of this fertilizer were used the second growing season and the amount was increased by 1 pound each season thereafter until a total of 8 pounds was reached. The treatment remained stable thereafter. A program was maintained to control insects and diseases affecting the tree, foliage and fruit. The use of materials, timing and rate of applica- tions were altered to coincide with research find- ings of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. Throughout the test, efforts were made to carry out the approved methods of good orchard cultural practices for economical production in this area. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A total of 130 varieties and selections was used in‘ the 1948-49 planting. Each variety or selection was represented by four trees set in pairs in each of two blocks. The pairs were ran- domized within each block. For the orchard planting begun in 1951-52 a total of 116 varieties and selections was used for the first season. Ad- ditional material has been incorporated each fol- lowing season. Two trees were used to represent the majority of the varieties and selections, but occasionally three and, in some instances, four trees were used. The trees of a given variety were planted together. No attempt was made to secure trees on any particular rootstock, nor was there any preference for VJune-budded or dor- mant-budded trees. ‘The available material rep- resenting the variety was accepted, whether it was purchased or donated. Acceptable trees had to be of planting size and free from disease. Each tree in the test was permanently la- beledwith an embossed zinc tape label hung from a main frame limb. The row, tree number and variety name were used for identification pur- poses. Data were recorded on the performance of individual trees. During the first two grow- ing seasons the blooms or young fruit were re- moved to permit the tree to become well estab- lished. During the third and following seasons, 4 bloom data were recorded every third day. yield and dates of harvest were obtained e; third day or at least twice a week during the ~ of heavy harvest. Data to determine the sizej pearance, quality and other essential charac were taken on 25 or more fruits from each - representing its variety, Table 1. These rec were made each fruiting season to note the ef = of seasonal variation. Annual observation on occurrence of bacterial leafspot and varietal =7 ceptibility to this disease also were made. Some of the material furnished was not j to variety name, and the trees usually wer moved when the mistake was discovered. l _ few instances where the true identity is in 5 tion, data are shown and the possible error a‘, ed out. Annual inspections were made to L and remove trees affected by peach mosaic, P peach or other uncontrollable diseases. The havior of these trees is excluded from this re; Where the variety or selection showed little p 1 ise of filling a varietal need in this area, the terial was removed from the planting after s cient time was allowed to obtain informatioi its performance. Although the trees were ; moved from further test, the performance if are shown in Tables 1 and 2 if a named va 1 was concerned. All breeding material or unna selections are not discussed in detail but are li in the section on “Other Varieties Grown]? The first and full-bloom date of a va was determined by averaging the bloom dat the representative trees each season over the i iod of production which began with the t; growing season, Table 2. Because of prolo ' dormancy in 1952, a large number of varie did not reach full bloom and the average date, those that did bloom was a month later than l: mal, Table 3. Data for this season were not cluded in the average. is The density of fruit buds and flowers, T 2, was determined by descriptive classificatio _ buds and flowers per foot of fruiting wood shown by Blake and Edgerton (1 and 4). The date of “main harvest” was similarly termined. Data for 1952 were not included a complete freeze-out in 1955 eliminated t year’s fruit crop. The years 1952 and 1955 "i not included in determining the average of a “number of days from full bloom to main vest.” The column “number of years in test’, based on the first growing season through 1 or until the variety was removed from the In order to arrive at the “number of years f ,9 ing” the first two growing seasons and 1955 w: not included. Records for 1952 were inclu since some varieties showed an ability to prod in spite of inadequate cold during the winter; 1951-52. a The “size of crop” was determined by Y aging the yields of the representative trees each variety over the production period, Tabl ‘Q 11.5.13‘ _ . l ' t V, gor V Afterglow Yellow Medium Slightly dry Free Firm Medium Truncate Upright Medium Fruit color rather dark. and astringent Albru Yellow Free Coarse Firm Slightly Large Round Upright Medium Seed coarse; flesh pulls away from _ astringent seed. Amador Orange- Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Redcrest and Scarlet Elberta more yellow dry dependable. Autumn Yellow Mostly Medium Firm Slightly Large Truncate Spreading Vigorous Excessive pubescence. ‘y; Q free astringent Best June White Free Coarse Tender Sweet, flat Medium Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Fruit flavor and color poor. Best May White ‘ Semicling Medium Medium Sweet Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Is not like Best May reported in TAES B-687. . Blazing Gold Yellow Semicling Medium Medium Sweet Small Truncate Spreading Weak Cardinal, Dixired or Redcap for the season. Brackett-B‘ Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Large Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Three days earlier and outyielded firm astringent Elberta, IBrackett-Wl Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly t Large Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous A good Elberta-like fruit. astringen _ Bobolink Yellow Free Fine Firm Sweet Very small Round-ovate Spreading Medium Severe bacterial leafspot on fruit. Boston Red’ White Free Fine Medium Sweet Medium Round Spreading Vigorous One of the most dependable nec- t0 small tarines. Canadian Queen Yellow Free Medium fine Medium Slightly tart Large Round Spreading Vigorous Flesh very attractive. eCardinal‘ Yellow Cling Medium Firm Slightlytart Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Colors extra early; many twins. and astringent small Cardinal‘ Yellow Cling Medium Firm Slightlytart Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Redcap is a close competition. and astringent small Cavalier’ Yellow Free Medium Firm tSlwfet, slightly Small Ovate Spreading Vigorous a Charlotte Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet Large Ovate Upright Vigorous Excellent flavor. Cherryred Yellow Cling Medium Medium Flat Medium Truncate Upright Vigorous Cardinal and Dixired better for season. Chief Darkred Cling Fine Very firm Sweet Latrgelto Round Spreading Medium Tendency to shed fruit before ripe. ex ra arge Chilow Yellow Cling Fine Firm Sweet Small Round Spreading Vigorous Popular locally for pickling and preserving. Clark Yellow Free Medium Medium tSlwfet, slightly Medium Round Upright Medium Of Redhaven and Triogem season. a . Coronet Yellow Cling Fine Firm (Sweet, slightly lvledium Truncate Spreading Vigorous Slightly earlier than Dixigem. ry arge Cumberland Greenish- Free Medium Tender Acid Small Truncate Spreading Medium Not same fruit as reported in white TAES B-687. Dixigem Yellow Almost Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Both Dixigem and Redhaven good free flat for season. Dixired Yellow Cling Medium Medium Sweet Medium Round Upright Vigorous A ll)i_ig_h chiller; flavor better than ixigem. Early East Yellow Almost Medium Medium Slightly acid Medium Truncate Upright Vigorous More productive than Cardinal but free and tart ~ does not sell as well. Early Elberta Lemon- Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Truncate Spreading Medium Not as good as Loring and Redskin. (Gleason) yellow dry Early Elberta Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Ovate Spreading Medium Not as good as Loring and Redskin. (Scott) coarse astringent Early Elberta Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly Small Round-ovate Spreading Medium (Stacy) astringent ‘Trees obtained from different sources. ‘Nectarines. TABLE 1. DESCRIPTION OF PEACH VARIETIES TESTED, TYLER, 1949-57 — Continued Flesh Fruit Tree Variety Color Adherence Texture Firmness Eating quality Size Shape Habit Vigor Notes Early Elberta Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly dry Large Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Color dull; flavor slightly bitter. (Stark) and astringent Early Fair Beau- Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Truncate Spreading Vigorous ty (Jlllleberta) coarse dry Early Flame” Yellow Cling Medium Medium Sweet Medium Round Spreading Medium Flavor excellent. to small Early Halehaven Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Upright Vigorous Triogem of same season; preferred. flat Early Profit Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Large Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Fruit shape irregular and slightly i dry rough. Early Triogem Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Of Triogem season which it does firm astringent not resemble. Elberta-B‘ Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Fruit colors well; tree-ripe flavor astringent is good. Elberta-K‘ Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous One of the best shippers. astringent a Ellyey Yellow Free Coarse Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Vigorous July Elberta (Burbank) preferred _ dry for this season. F311‘ Beauty Yellow lgVlostly Slightly Firm Slightly acid Large Round Upright Medium Ranger more certain to bear. ree stringy Fairhaven Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Large Round Spreading Medium Yields good but Ranger sells better. ' dry F flllete White Free Medium Medium Bitter Medium Round Upright Vigorous Fertile Hale Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly _ fine astringent Large Round Upright Vigorous Yields cannot compete with Elberta. Fireball Yellow Free Coarse Medium Slightly acid Medium Round Spreading Medium Not Fireball as reported in TAES B-687. _ Fireglow Yellow Free Coarse Tender Acid Large Elliptical Upright Medium Vedette and July Elberta (Bur-t _ bank) preferred. , Flamingo Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet Small Truncate Spreading Medium ine Flaming Gold’ Greenish- Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Stinkbug damage severe most yellow coarse dry years, Frank Yellow Cling Fine Firm Sweet Medium Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Much in demand for all purposes. French (No.50) Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly dry Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Production too low for season. and astringent large Frost Queen _White Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Trees very productive; fruit green g small Sept. 1. Fuzzless-Berta’ Greenish- Free Medium Medium Sweet Medium Elliptical Spreading Vigorous Fruit has size and flavor but too YellOW large many radial cracks. l Garden State’ Yellow fMostly Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Upright Vigorous Good flavor, shy bearer. ree dry ~"~“*.~" Gemrmers Late Yellow Mostly Medium Firm Astringent Medium Truncate Upright Weak Seed extra large; flesh pulls away Elberta free coarse from seed. Globe Haven Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet Large Round Spreading Vigorous Excellent flavor; colors early. Gold Dust Yellow Mostly Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Small Round Spreading Weak Prolific; Cardinal or Redcap pre- free dry ferred. Golden Blush Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly Medium Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Fruit and foliage slightly suscept- fine astringent ible to bacterial leafspot. Gold Ray Goodcheer Halegold Hale Harrison Brilliant Halehaven Hazel Herb Hale Hiland Hinner Hale Hobson IIon-ee-gold Honeygem Jerseyland J. H. Hale July Elberta (Burbank) Kalhaven‘ Laterose Loring-S‘ - Loring-B‘ _ , ___ Markberta-l i‘ Maybelle-NJ .1 Maybelle-B‘ Maygold Meadow Lark Melba Merrill Beauty Merrill Brilliant eardrum!‘ 3.1 .. > t... n~auwwnnh£iinulu=4amwmi.nm v " Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow , ~.~ Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Greenish- yellow White Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Yellow Greenish- white Yellow H Yellow Yellow White ' y White Yellow Yellow White Yellow White Free Free Mostly free Free Free Free Mostly free Free "Cling Free Cling Free Free Semiclin g Free Free Free Free Free Free Free Cling Cling Cling Free Mostly free Free Semicling mu- - ‘ COBISC Coarse Fine Medium Medium fine Medium Medium fine Medium Coarse Fine Fine Coarse Medium Medium fine Medium Medium Medium Fine Medium Medium Medium Coarse Coarse Medium Medium fine Medium fine Fine Medium Medium Medium Firm Firm Medium Medium Firm Firm Tender Firm Firm Firm Firm Firm Firm Medium firm Firm Medium Firm Firm Firm Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium tender Tender Medium Slightly astringent Acid Slightly astringent Slightly astringent Sweet to slightly tart Sweet Sweet to slight- ly astringent Slightly acid Sweet Slightly acid Dry, flat Sweet Slightly acid Sweet and slightly dry Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet Sweet, slightly dry Slightly astringent Slightly acid and tart Slightly acid and tart Slightly acid Sweet Sweet Sweet Slightly astringent Slightly acid Medium Medium Mediu-m Medium Large Medium Large Medium Medium large Medium large Medium Large Medium small Medium large Large Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Small Small Very large Medium Elliptical Ovate Elliptical Round-ovate Round-ovate Round Round-ovate Round Round Round Round Elliptical Truncate Round- truncate Round Round Round Truncate Round Oblate Truncate Round Round Round-ovate Round Round Round Round redlrig Spreading Upright Spreading Upright Spreading Spreading Spreading Spreading Upright Spreading Upright Spreading Spreading Upright Spreading Spreading Spreading Upright Upright U I Spreading Spreading Spreading Spreading Spreading Upright Spreading Spreading Medium Vigorous Vigorous V_ery vigorous Medium Medium Vigorous Vigorous Medium Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Medium Medium Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Medium Medium Vigorous Medium Vigorous Medium Redhaven. Flesh soft along suture. Ranger much preferred for the sea- son. A high chiller; fruit small some seasons. Fruits large, slightly soft, color poor. Fruits with many suture splits; poor color. Flavor excellent; " many r a d i a l cracks. Vedette and Goldeneast more pro- ductive. Is not in class with Maygold, Car- dinal or Redcap. Of Elberta season. Is not same variety reported in TAES B-687. Michigold few days earlier and preferred. Fruit too small and late for com- mercial use. A good variety to precede Dixigem and Redhaven. Is not adapted to East Texas. Fruit has been mostly free of bac- terial leafspot. Requires heavy thinning; good. The white-fleshed fruits are rough; flavor good. Variety is promising. Is 2 weeks later than Loring from Shepard. ‘ A good shipper." A color Heavy yields on young trees. Heavy yields on young trees. Colors early; low chiller. Production heavy; fruit attractive; too small. Requires heavy thinning; flavor tart some years. Severe suture split at blossom end. Flesh red 1/», to seed; remainder greenish-white. Cannot compete with Dixigem and TABLE 1. DESCRIPTION OF TEACH VARIETIES TESTED, TYLER, 1949-57 — Continued Mostly Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Upright Flesh Fruit Tree Variety Color Adherence Texture Firmness Eating quality Size Shape Habit Vigor Notes Merrill Dandy Greenish- a Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Round-ovate Upright Medium Moderate infestation of bacterial yellow astringent leafspot. Merrill Fiesta Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Round Spreading Medium Tree growth slow; good color a month before tree ripe. Merrill Gem Yellow Cling Medium Firm Sweet Medium Truncate Spreading Medium Of Cardinal, Dixired and Maygold fine season. M%rill Gold Yellow Free Fine Firm Sweet Large Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Of July Elberta (Burbank) season, ush Merrill Hale Yellow Free Coarse Medium Sweet Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Of Coronet and Dixigem season. Merrill June Yellow- Semicling Medium Medium Sweet Medium Round-ovate Upright Medium Considerable bacterial leafspot on . fruit. Merrill Rodeo Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Round Spreading Medium Trees stronger than Fiesta. Merrill Sunrise‘ Yellow Cling Coarse Firm Sweet Very large Round Spreading Medium Excellent flavor; yield too shy for . commiircial use. Merrill Yellow Orange- Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Trees strong; appears resistant to King yellow bacterial leafspot. Merrill 49’er Orange- Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Truncate Upright Vigorous Moderate infestation of bacterial yellow leafspot. Michigold Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Medium Ovate Spreading Vigorous A good variety to extend the free- coarse dry large stone season. Missouri Yellow Semicling Fine Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Vigorous Of Triogem season, which is pre- tender dry ferred. Montopolis White Free Medium Firm Sweet Medium Ovate Upright Vigorous Good color, colors well before ripe. fine Nectacrest’ Gi-‘eenish- Free Fine Firm Slightly tart Medium Round Spreading Vigorous w ite Nectaheart’ Gieenish- Free Fine Medium Slweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading Medium w ite f at Nectalate’ White Free Fine Firm Sweet Very small Round Upright Vigorous Nectarose’ White Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Upright Vigorous Fruit resembles Boston Red; ripens dry and flat later. Nectar-B White Free Medium Tender Sweet Large Round Upright Vigorous Flavor good, like Mamie Ross. coarse Newday Yellow Mostly Medium Medium Slightly acid Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Is more susceptible to bacterial free -leafspot than Elberta. Nuggett Greenish- Semicling Medium Medium Slightly acid Large Round-ovate Spreading Vigorous Heavy infestation of bacterial yellow leafspot. . Oriole Yellow Allmost Coarse Megium Slightly acid Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous High percent of split pits. c ing ten er Osage Greenish- Cling Fine Firm Sweet, flat Small Round Spreading Vigorous Foliage and fruit heavily infested white with bacterlal leafspot. Ozark-S Lemon- Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Severe baeterial leafspot on fo- yellow coarse dry liage; flavor good. Ozark-B Lellinon- Free Coarse Firm Sweet Medium Round-ovate Upright Vigorous Fruit slow to color, a bit dull. ye ow Panamint’ Orange- Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Very small Round Spreading Vigorous yellow dry _ Perfect Hale Yellow Free Medium Firm (Sweet, slightly Large Round Upright Vigorous Afterglow is more productive. ry A Fhilp’ Yellow Wk , opp ~ r . Prairie Clipper Prairie Dawn Prairie Daybreak Prairie Rambler Prairie Rose Prairie Schooner Prairie Sunrise Quetta’ Ranger Raritan Rose Redcap Redchief’ Redcrest Redglobe Redhaven Red Rocket Redrose Redskin Rio Oso Gem‘ Rio Oso Gem‘, Romance-B‘ Romance-S‘ Salberta Sandhill No. 1 ' Scarlet Elberta Shinn’s Delicious Yellow Shippers Late Red l w... . Vista astringent a M Round MUfl-‘IILZIMI c. ~.;..»..,i...~»». Upri Yllvvi emicling Medium Yellow Free Coarse Firm Very astringent Large Round Spreading Yellow Cling Coarse Tender Sweet Medium Round Spreading arge Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Obovate Spreading , coarse flat Yellow” “i Mostly Coarse, Firm Slightly Large Truncate Upright free stringy astringent p Yellow Semicling Coarse Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading flat Yellow Mostly Medium Medium Acid Medium Ovate Spreading free Yellow Cling Medium Tender Astringent Large Round Spreading coarse White Cling Coarse Medium Very sweet Medium Round Upright Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet, slightly Medium Round-ovate Upright dry White Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Ovate Upright dry Yellow Cling Medium Medium Slightly acid Medium Round Upright firm Greenish- Free Fine Medium Sweet Medium Round Upright white Greenish- Free Medium Medium Slightly acid, Medium Ovate Spreading yellow coarse firm dry ' Yellow Free Medium Firm Sweet Medlilum Round Spreading sma Yellow Free to Medium Firm Sweet Medium Round to Spreading semicling fine _ truncate Yellow Free Medium Medium Sweet, slightly Medium Truncate Spreading coarse dry Greenish- Free Fine Medium Acid Medium Truncate Spreading white small Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Round- Spreading firm astringent truncate Yellow Free Fine Firm Sweet Medium Truncate Upright Yellow Free Fine Firm Sweet Medium Truncate A Upright Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Truncate Spreading - firm astringent » Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly acid Medium Truncate Spreading Yellow Mostly Slightly Firm Sweet Medium Round-ovate Upright free coarse A Yellow Free Medium Medium Slightly Medium Ovate Spreading coarse astringent _ Yellow Free Medium Firm ‘Sweet, slightly Medium Round Spreading ry Free Medium Medium Sweet Medfiim Round Spreading sma Yellow Free Medium Firm Slightly Large Round Spreading ‘Wwm-amaamzaw Aedium Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Medium Vigorous Vigorous Medium Medium Vigorous Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Vigorous Vigorous Vigorous Medium Vigorous Medium i Vigorous . vw-s»¢~=mmw-.HW=. n». ..~...>.aw.a.m~a¢..m-fie.~-muh‘ " " Good flavor; ripens with and Veteran. A good market fruit if production were greater. Cannot compete with Dixigem. Large percent split seed; slow to color. Many good varieties for the season. Has to compete with Dixigem. Scarlet Elberta and Redcrest pre- ferred. Cardinal earlier and preferred. Skin very tough; seed coarse. Very variable as to time of ripen- mg. Good for local markets. slightly Good variety to follow “Cardinal. Competes with Goldeneast and Scarlet Elberta. Fruit colors early; flesh crisp. Requires heavy thinning to size fruit. Tree growth like Golden Jubilee. Flesh flavor and appearance poor. Is earlier and more productive than Elberta. Did not perform here as reported in TAES B-687. Slow to color, ripens during part of Elberta season. Flavor slightly acid and slightly astringent. Yields too low for season. Seed rather coarse; some radial cracks. Loring and Redskin better for season. Same as Redelberta as reported in TAES B-687. Productive; but not for this sec- tion. Lacks consistent production. 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WA." 66-6 2.66........o|..6-6..62 22222.2. $229252...» 220422262 r20 22.272262220622272 .N 622M242. . , .66.. ...............2 .6626. 6...... .26.. 3622.... .2662 2.. 6 2.6.2 .. 6 2662 6.62 2.2 6-6 62-6 66-6 5622.622 6.26.2 666 62622 6.2.2..» .6626 02:50 A26 62 26522.26 .222>66.2 622 66:2 66 266w .2..6> w w $2 62.2 2.22 2-» 6-6 >N-N E3262 2.66w 6E. 62.222 56666.2 .62.2622.26..22 m2 66.26 26222.26 2M2: 4. .6 266w 26> w w $2 6.62 2N2 >2-» 2-6 6.6 E3262 E3262 6m6.2 66.2626.» .._.....$6.2w .2662 262662662 66 6222222266666 5.26.» 263666.566 2E6 E622 626.262 662 2.66w N .w wmw2 Nmw2 NN2 2.2. 2.6 2N 266w 2.66w 6E. 6.2.5.26.» 6222.23.22 6622626.. 66.2 62.262.66.262. .226.» 6w 266w .226.’ w w $2 6.62 N22 m-.. $2.6 m6 2:62 2.66w 6m6.2 62662.6.» 2.662 2.5.6.2 262...: 226.: 66626 6266.2 266222.26 .2622 4 6m 22662 N w wmw2 Nmw2 Nw 22-w 22.6 6.6 2.26.2.2 E3262 6mw 22226.2. .2262. 22.2 6 .6266 6622 226.; 66626 626.22 2622262662262 6m 266w w w 2mw2 62.2 N62 NN-w N26 6.6 .2662 266w 6mm E6u62...2., 66.6.2. 66622 3 226.; E.26..2..622 62. 666D 6 626.2 2. w $2 62.2 62 2N.» 6-6 2.N-N E3262 6.2622 666 66.26.26.262. E6626 2232.2 266E 362262662 262.262 . . .6622 62 62.226.266.666 .226.» 6.6622662 6m 266m 26> w w $2 6.62 622 mN.w 2.6 wN-N E3262 2.2212 6m» 66.2.6.6 . .666 . 2266.26 26.2622 .6262 6.566 626.62 6 26662 N m 2mw2 6.62 wN2 6N-» 2-6 6-6 E3262 E3262 66w 62w 66w ..22626.2626E 626.22 662m 66 . 2.622666... 662662.26 2.66.2 .226.» 6N 226.2 6. w 2.262 2.62 662 mN-.. 6.6 6N6 .2662 2.666 6mm 66.62222 262.666 62662.26.» 662.2? 666226666 62.. 6m 226.2 2. w 2mw2 6.62 622 2-» 2-6 mN-N .2662 2.66w 6E. 62.66.5566 .2262. 62.2 6 .6266 .26.. 6.62.2622 .266. 62.68.. < 66 686 .2...» 6 6 2662 6.62 662 66-. 62-6 6-6 2662.2 6.6.2.622 666 2666365566 .66.26.2662 66.26.2222 262266662 66 6262262266666 2.6.666 6m 2.66w w w $2 6.62 NN2 62-» 62-2.. 2.6 .2662. 2.66w 6mm 22.26.22 66322.5 .626...- 2626.26EE66 .222 2.6226666 662. 2662.2 66222.5 662 266w .226.» 2 m . wmw2 Nm2 N22 6N-» 6-6 2-6 E3262 2.66w 6E. .6.......w . .6662 662 2.262.» .2622 6.2622666 626.66.26.26 626262 6 266.2 N m $2 6...: 2.2 66.. 2.6 2-6 .6662 6.22.2.2 6m6.2 66.66.2286 .62.262...6..6.. .6666... 6.662.622 2o S 2.66.... .26..» 6 6 2262 6...: 66 .2... 62.6 6-6 66622 2.8.... 666 66626666 66.2.6.6 .66.2m..2662 . . 2622666622 62 6262222266666 .226...» 6 22662 N m wmw2 6662 22. 62-6 6-22 66-6 E3262 266w 66w 66.266.62.66 62.262» 2.66662 mN .2662 2. w $2 w2.2 w62 66-6 6-6 NN-N E3262 E3262 6E. ..>P||2.2.62.2666w .3266 6636.222 62 26226.2 22.22. 6.26E6.2262.6.2 223222226 .662 662.2 6 26662 2. w $2 62.2 N22 6N6 6.6 6N-N E3262 E3262 6E. .22....2.66....66m .66.... .828 3.2622 6... .66 6266.2 6 .86.. 2 6 6662 N662 662 66-6 62.6 6-6 6.62.2 6.262.. 666 66 .662 66.66.2666 .2262. .26266 2.2.2666? .6266 6262.2 6m 266m .226.» N w wmw2 Nmw2 22 .2.N-w 6-6 66-6 E3262 E3262 6mw 362w .22622666m . 2222.226 . 2E6 66.2666 26622 .226Ew 626.262 6 28.2 6 m $2 6.62 wN2 2-». 62-6 66-6 .3662 6.2.62.2 666 6.26.2222 6.666626 .66262222H 66.26 6662 .266... 2.262% 6 266.2 2. w $2 62.2 N2.2 6N2. 6.6 mN-N 86.2 6.22.2 6mm 62.6 .2666 62.26 . . :2 6u62226>2.6 62 36.26 66.. 2.22 6m 22662 2. w $2 62.2 2.2 2N-» 2-6 2.6 E3262 E3262 6mm 2.622 626.2 662.6626 662672 6.26.26 .2266 M36262 6662 E2 2266666 2.636222 .6262. 66666.2 226.22 2622.2 626666262 62.622 222G222 2662.6.» 2.666 .26 26 662w M62666: .266 .2 .26 .672 36E 6262. 626.262 -622..2.6.2 2.266262 6266.2 .672 662262 .6662. $4 E6622 .>< .26 2626.262 2.260 1 TABLE 3. WINTER AND SPRING TEMPERATURES AFFECTING PEACH CROP AND BLOOM DATE, TYLER. 1948-57 Average memmy temperatures A“ temp_ _ _Last _ _La_st Average date full bloom oi Oct _Feb killing frost injurious varieties listed 1n performance Oct. Nov. Dec. Ian. Feb. ' ' in spring freeze Tables 1 and 2 67.2 57.1 53.5 46.0 53.1 55.4 Feb. 28—32° Feb. 2—22° 67.1 60.4 53.0 54.2 56.0 58.1 Mar 14-—27° Mar. 14—27° 70.6 56.0 48.3 49.0 50.6 54.9 Mar 14—30° Mar. 13—27° Mar. 16-all 96 varieties. Apr. 12—68 varieties out oi 68.8 54.2 52.5 56.0 55.4 57.4 Mar. 28—32° Feb. 17—27° possible 96 reached full bloom. 63.2 55.2 47.9 50.0 49.2 53.1 Feb. 23—32° Feb. 22—24° Mar. 10—All 96 varieties. 69.0 54.6 46.0 48.2 55.0 54.6 Mar. 15—30° Mar. 14—27° Mar. 1—A1l 146 varieties. 70.3 56.2 50.0 46.3 48.4 54.2 Mar. 28-32° Mar. 27—24° Mar. 10—All 121 varieties. 67.2 55.1 49.2 47.1 52.4 54.2 Mar. 8—27° Mar. 8—27° Mar. 11—All 120 varieties. 69.7 52.7 52.1 45.7 56.0 55.2 Mar. 8-24° Mar. 8—24° Mar. 18—A11 84 varieties. 68.1 55.7 50.3 49.2 52.9 yields of 1952 were included. The year _, with its complete freeze-out, was not used e averages. e The method used to express the “size of crop” determined after considering the number of eties that had produced what are normally idered profitable crops in East Texas. Where yield per tree over the period of production av- led as much as 3 bushels or more of market- fruit it was expressed as “very good.” An age yield of 2 to 3 bushels per tree was ex- sed as “good.” “Fair” represented an aver- ' yield per tree of 1 to 2 bushels, while a yield less than a bushel per tree was considered r.» The data for the column “percent of good it: in Table 2 were determined by using the ‘s normally expected in this area for the first ting season of a young tree and increasing amount each year following until the produc- f began to level off. The expected yields used = is report are: first fruiting season, one-half i, el or more per tree; second season, 1% bush- lor more; and the third season, 3 bushels or ye per tree. For the fourth and following sea- ; average yields of 4 bushels or more were con- red good crops. The total of the seasons ting these production requirements was di- '0 by the number of fruiting years, resulting expression of the percentage of good crops _ g the time a variety was under test. The prolificacy of a variety was determined < he amount of fruit on the tree at the time of ing. With this method, a variety might be ' ic yet show low yields of marketable fruit, A h might be due to any of the following rea- i: Preharvest injury by insects or diseases, t re of the fruit to size after thinning, or an _ mely late ripening season. A number of late ieties are prolific and produce a heavy yield of it, but because of unfavorable soil moisture ‘itions and repeated attacks from insects and ses, the recordednyields of marketable fruit usually “poor.” "The results of this test indi- - that in most years the soil moisture supply equate to mature the fruit of varieties im- Viately following the Elberta season. Further, ‘gh percentage of the fruit of these varieties ee of stinkbug and peach scab damage and does not require an additional application of spray materials. Varieties that are later than Frank require an additional spray and in most years fail to size the fruit because of unfavorable soil mois- ture conditions. EFFECT 01-" TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY Temperatures prevailing during the winter largely determine the success of the following crop and fruit. Extreme minimum temperatures l" have not been sufficient to kill trees by freezing the root system in this area. A damage known as “winter-injury” occurs to the trunk and por- tions of the main frame limbs in some years. The damage is caused by excessively prolonged high temperatures during January or February which break the rest period of the tree, followed by a sudden drop in temperature to near 0° F. or less. To promote full dormancy of the tree and to avoid prolonged dormancy at bloom time, an av- erage temperature of 54° F. or less is required during October through February. Another means of determining if the chilling requirement has been sufficient is to record the number of hours of 45° F. or below obtained during the period. Varieties vary in their cold requirements for flow- er and leafbuds as shown by Weinberger (25). Furthermore, there is a wide variation between varieties as evidenced by Maygold with a cold re- quirement of 650 hours as compared with May- flower with 1,050 hours of 45° F. or less required for development of their flowerbuds. TABLE 4. HOURS OF 45° F. OR LESS. PER MONTH FOR THE WINTERS. TYLER. 1948-57 b Total Season Oct. Nov. Dec. Ian. 5515' Oct 1_ ' Feb. 15 1948-49 0 166 279 469 189 1103 1949-50 22 66 261 291 162 802 1950-51 0 204 356 330 199 1089 1951-52 5 255 303 236 59 858 1952-53 92 227 443 295 119 1176 1953-54 9 176 432 339 70 1026 1954-55 14 92 256 357 183 902 1955-56 18 251 335 425 210 1239 1956-57 3 . 219 218 421 17 878 Annual average 1008 17 _ Table 3 shows the behavior of the varieties hsted in Tables 1 and 2, as influenced by the av- erage temperature for the winter. Table 4 also shows the number of hours of 45° F. or less re- corded during the period of October 1 to Feb- ruary 15. ~ The average temperature of 54.9° F. during the winter of 1950-51 produced prolonged dor- mancy effects on a number of varieties even though 1,089 hours of 45° F. or less were record- ed. This was furtherevidenced by the late full bloom of March 16. Considerable bloom thinning wsas caused by the temperature of 27° F. on March 1 . The season of 1951-52 produced costly dam- age from prolonged dormancy following an aver- age winter temperature of 57 .4° F. which includ- ed 858 hours of 45° F. or less. Of 96 varieties, only 68 reached full bloom which was April 12, a month later than normal. The minimum temperature of 32° F. on March 28 did not cause any appre- ciable damage. A total of 1,176 hours of 45° F. or less dur- ing the winter of 1952-53, with an average winter temperature of 53.1° F. resulted in heavy fruit set. ed heavy loss of fruit. F. or less. All 96 varieties reached an average bloom on March 10. The lastinjurious freeze curred February 22. An early bloom season was experienced v, ing 1953-54 as 956 hours of 45° F. or less w obtained by the end of January which was h cient to break dormancy forxmost varieties. f average winter temperature was 54.6 de A The average full bloom date was March 1 fo 146 varieties. Minimum temperatures of 27 . 30 degrees on March 14 and 15, respectively, The 1954-55 season had an average’ "m temperature of 54.2° F. and a total of 902 I, of 45° F. or less. The average date of full bl for all 121 varieties was March 10. A com freeze-out of all fruit followed the extreme n imum temperatures of 28°, 23° and 24° Fe.» March 25, 26 and 27, respectively. An ave -' temperature of 54.2° F. was recorded during; winter of 1955-56 along with 1,239 hours of i_ Although 1,029 of these had .:f by the end of January, sufficient cold prev_ during February to prevent an early bloom. i average full bloom date for all 120 varieties TABLE 5. EFFECT OF LATE FROST AND COLD ON YIELD OF SELECTED VARIETIES. TYLER w h Yield after late frost Yield without late frost Variety late » 1951 1954 1956 Av. 1952 1953 1957 Av. on ‘ y Date of last killing frost 3-13 3-14 3-8 2-17 2-22 3-8 -—- — — —- — — —- Pounds per tree — — — — — — — Po Afterglow 12 36 215 87.7 28 173 308 169.7 Brackett-B 12 14 289 105.0 4 223 392 206.3 Brackett-W 1 1 60 243 104.7 2 222 264 162.7 Cardinal 3 140 118 87.0 1 107 267 125.0 Chilow 27 50 155 77.3 21 160 278 153.0 Clarkhaven 32 212 202 148.7 17 94 272 127.7 Dixigem 49 78 209 112.0 33 152 405 196.7 Dixired 14 80 48 47.3 1 105 264 123.3 Early East 36 175 267 159.3 41 88 400 176.3 Early Elberta (Stark) 5 54 391 150.0 3 91 215 103.0 Early Halehaven 18 163 189 123.3 11 76 303 130.0 Elberta-B l 1 43 236 93.3 0 92 248 113.3 Elberta-K 12 42 210 88.0 0 77 169 82.0 Fairhaven 13 59 238 103.3 2 131 469 200.7 Frank 59 24 249 110.7 73 254 325 217.3 Globehaven 45 169 289 167.7 28 119 344 163.7 Goldeneast 15 164 304 161.0 2 286 252 180.0 Halehaven 9 184 121 104.7 8 86 184 92.7 Herb Hale 18 147 249 138.0 4 126 407 179.0 Ierseyland 32 212 337 193.7 19 110 346 158.3 Iuly Elberta (Burbank) 40 80 333 151.0 42 136 264 147.3 Kalhaven ' 36 _ 110 215 120.3 2 260 455 239.0 Markberta 17 42 218 92.3 8 272 311 197.0 Michigold 11 3 _ 262 92.0 18 191 312 173.7 Newday 27 14 293 111.3 30 120 162 104.0 Ranger 21 204 79 101.3 4 204 468 225.3 Redcrest 30 1 303 1 11.3 3 264 409 225.3 Redhaven 28 88 233 116.3 1 194 338 177.7 Redskin 60 ll 259 110.0 48 245 332 208.3 Rio Oso Gem 0 117 185 100.7 0 61 180 80.3 Scarlet Elberta 36 30 319 128.3 6 219 373 199.3 Starking Delicious 38 187 319 181.3 56 202 356 204.7 Sullivan's Elberta 23 7 341 123.7 8 151 216 125.0 Summercrest 22 151 319 164.0 14 243 458 238.3 Sunhigh 44 7 334 128.3 66 127 331 174.7 Triogem 49 135 194 126.0 12 172 294 159.3 Vedette 35 301 346 227.3 6 200 423 209.7 Veteran 5 318 238 187.0 1 238 346 195.0 Western Pride 41 75 422 179.3 75 210 428 237.7 18 Ih 11. The last injurious freeze of 27 ° F. oc- l» on March 8 and caused considerable loss chards with improper air drainage. The 1957 crop had a narrow escape from pro- ~ dormancy through the Tyler-Gilmer area - Jacksonville growers experienced an almost lete failure. The average temperature for 956-57 winter was 55.2° F. and a total of 878 ": of 45° F. or less was recorded at the Tyler ,n. March 18 was the average date of full i“ for all 84 varieties. A 10W chiller, May- was in full bloom March 11, Elberta in full - March 18, and Ranger, Veteran and Golden- "all high chillers did not reach full bloom v March 31. Late frosts in the spring during or following loom period are instrumental, and in some ns entirely responsible, in determining the @ amount of fruit produced any 1 year. For 54-55 was 54.2° F. and the number of hours ‘» F. or less was 902, both considered ade- - to produce a normal bloom of peach. A 1 of 121 varieties under test that year on the ge attained full bloom on March 10 which considered not too early as the average date e last killing frost is March 14. Two cold s. occurred following full bloom. The first arch 21 and 22 with minimum temperatures v° and 28° F. Examination of fruit and late \- s showed an approximate loss of 10 percent. arch 25, a second cold period followed with fcold dry winds reducing the temperature to 5F. Heavy frosts on the mornings of March fi were produced by minimum temperatures 34 °, 24° and 32° F., respectively. These ex- pely low temperatures killed all fruit for 1955. Data for 1955 were not included in Table 5 h shows the effect of late frosts on the yield é? varieties grown in the test continuously dur- 31949-57. During the test, late spring frosts f ed in 1951, 1954, 1955 and 1956. During 951 season the first crop was allowed to set 1| trees were in their third growing year in grchard. The effectiveness of late frosts was gaged i minimum of 27° F. since 28° F. ordinarily is evere enough to kill young fruit protected by '5 parts. The relation of the time frost oc- to the stage of bloom was another factor snce, the average temperature for the winter p considered. For instance in 1951, 27° F. on March 13, 3 days before the average full bloom date, was more injurious than 24° F. on March 8, 1957, when the average full bloom was not un- til March 18. Yield data for 1952 are shown in Table 5 primarily to stress the effect of prolonged dor- mancy or delayed foliation as a result of insuffi- cient cold during the preceding winter. The av- erage temperature for October 1951 through Feb- ruary 1952 was 57.4° F. and only 858 hours of 45° F. or below were recorded. The average yield for the 4-year-old trees in 1952 was considerably less than that of the S-year-old trees in 1951. In most instances the low yields of 1952 were largely responsible for 10 of the 39 varieties listed in Table 5 having a higher average yield during the years with late frosts than for those when frosts were not considered as affecting the crop. Yields of 29 varieties during years having late frosts ranged from 38.4 to 99.0 percent of the yields for years without late frosts. These figures are re- liable only within limits but indicate differences in ability to produce in spite of the frost hazard. The distribution of rainfall at Tyler usually is sufficient to provide the soil moisture required.-- during the growing season to produce tree growth and fruit buds, and to size the fruit adequately for the market, Table 6. This has been especially true for the varieties ripening before and during the Elberta season. The summer of 1956 proved an exception because of an inadequate supply of subsoil moisture following a period of 7 months, October 1955 through April 1956, with less than normal rainfall. A total of 2.54 inches during June and July was not sufficient to produce op- timum size of Elberta fruit. A large number of trees growing in heavy clays not only failed to size fruit, but also died before effective rains were obtained. In some years, such as 1948, 1954 and 1956, low rainfall during summer was not sufficient to properly size the fruit of the Frank, Rio Oso Gem and Autum varieties, or those ripen- ing after the Elberta season. Excessive rainfall, as experienced in May 1948, 1950, 1953 and 1957, and July 1949 and 1953, makes it difficult to maintain a good spray _ schedule and to provide an effective lasting cov- erage of fruit with spray materials. The surplus soil moisture at the end of harvest tends to pro- mote additional new growth and heavy foliage TABLE 6. MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL IN INCHES, TYLER. 1948-57 A Ian. Feb. Mar. Apr. May I une Iuly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 3.66 3.24 3.29 3.09 8.08 .90 .25 .41 1.23 1.28 3.62 2.32 31.37 9.25 2.10 3.54 5.37 4.21 2.95 10.11 2.43 .81 10.63 .38 3.31 55.09 5.93 6.85 ’~~ 1.67 6.07 9.59 1.13 4.80 1.30 3.51 1.07 2.69 Tr. 44.61 2.51 4.35 2.66 2.22 2.25 4.76 2.11 .20 5.46 2.26 2.89 2.64 34.31 1.77 4.92 3.74 6.22 5.24 .97 2.53 Tr. .62 .16 7.93 5.97 40.07 1.77 1.77 4.97 3.87 7.60 1.70 9.22 2.21 1.89 2.31 2.94 5.09 45.34 3.04 1.11 - 1.47 2.43 8.05 .77 .17 .10 .19 7.61 4.63 2.56 32.13 2.13 4.08 4.19 - 4.37 4.18 2.49 3.65 8.74 2.73 .67 .34 1.56 39.13 3.02 3.46 1.05 1.72 4.43 1.53 1.01 2.82 .68 2.47 4.90 1.41 28.50 2.62 4.40 3.61 15.74 8.47 5.35 1.47 2.97 A 5.05 8.37 6.35 2.62 67.02 19 which provides ideal conditions for the develop- ment of infestations of scale insects. A post- harvest spray of a contact poison, such as para- thion, is required under these conditions to pre- vent loss of many secondary and primary frame limbs and, in some instances, the entire tree. GENERAL COMMENTS ON PEACH VARIETIES Source The sources from which materials was ob- tained for the work at the Tyler station are listed in Table 7 to assist the fruit grower in locating a supply of trees for any variety reported in this ,manuscript. This listing is made without preju- dice of the merits of any source of the same ma- terial. Planting material for commercial purposes is not available from either the State or Federal in- stitutions that conduct fruit breeding work. They will supply a list of sources from which named varieties can be obtained. At the conclusion of each discussion of indi- vidual varieties in this section is an abbreviated symbol indicating the nursery or source of each variety. TABLE 7. SOURCE OF PEACH VARIETIES GROWN AT TYLER. 1949-57 Symbol Name and address of nurseries and other sources (AN) Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, California (BRN) Bountiful Ridge Nurseries, Princess Anne, Mary- land (CNC) Carlton Nursery Company, Forest Grove, Oregon (CN) Champion Nurseries, Perry, Ohio "(C&ONC) Columbia 6| Okanogan Nursery Company, Wen- atchee, Washington (FN) Fowler Nurseries, New Castle, California (FN-l) Frankston Nursery, Frankston, Texas (GN) Greening's Nursery, Monroe, Michigan (HBN) Harrison Bros. Nursery, Berlin, Maryland (MN-l) Markham's Nursery, Flora, Illinois (MSFESY Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, Mountain Grove, Missouri (O_S_GPN) O.S. Gray Pecan Nursery, Arlington, Texas (PRF) Peach Ridge Farms, Clemson, South Carolina (RAN) Ramsey's Austin Nursery, Austin, Texas (SN) Stahelin's Nursery, Bridgman, Michigan (SBN) Stark Bros. Nursery, Louisiana, Missouri (SN-l) Stribling’s Nurseries, Merced, California (TAN) The Ackerman Nurseries, Bridgman, Michigan (TGMO) The Grant Merrill Orchards, Red Bluff, California (TKN) The Krider Nursery, Middlesbury, Indiana (TNIPC) The New Iersey Peach Council, Princeton, New Iersey (TVN) The Vienna Nursery, Vienna, Illinois (U.S.PIS)‘ United States Department of Agriculture, Plant , Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland (U.S.HFL)‘ United States Department of Agriculture, Horti- cultural Field Laboratory, Fort Valley, Georgia (VAESY Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacks- burg, Virginia (WN) Waynesboro Nurseries, Waynesboro, Virginia ‘These institutions do not supply trees for the commercial trade. They can advise as to source of supply of any variety they have introduced. 20 Varieties Afterglow (N.J. 84).--Introduced co f cially in 1938 by the New Jersey Station , Blake). It is a cross between J. H. Hale and a Jersey 27116 made in 1923 (9). The fruit is t um sized, firm and rather dark in color. The . is yellow, freestone and of good quality. It days later than Elberta. (TNIFC) Albru (USPP 8131).--Originated in Port i ton, Ohio, by Lawrence Satterfield (9). It bud mutation of J. H. Hale discovered in V The freestone fruit is large and firm. The" low flesh is coarse, tending to pull away from large seed most years. It is 6 days earlier’ Elberta and produced low yields at this sta (CN) - Amador. -- A freestone with orange-y flesh was introduced to the commercial tra, 1942. It is a cross of Elberta x Ontario mad the U. S. Department of Agriculture at Palo g California (9). The firm, round fruit is a, tive and ripens 2 weeks earlier than Elberta. i, crest and ‘Scarlet Elberta of the same season more productive. (WN) a Autumn (N.J. 145).—This yellow frees, was introduced in 1947 by the New Jersey _ tion. It is a cross of (J. H. Hale x Eclipse) x l Crawford (9). In this test it ripened 3 w later than Elberta and produced only fair yi (TNJPC) J Best June.—The white, freestone flesh i _' soft for other than home orchards. It ripe l the Halehaven season or 3 weeks earlier tha i berta. The fruit color is dull and yields are. for its ripening season. (RAN) ’ Best May.—The trees provided for the s ies at the Tyler station did not perform as viously reported (21). The date of ripening». almost a month later. The fruit was dull in , pearance, the flesh semicling, and the produc low. (RAN) i Blazing Gold (S-47-3).—This is an intr tion of the Stribling’s Nursery, Merced, Cal' nia. It is an open-pollinated seedling of (July) Elberta selected in 1947 (9). Like the j ority of peach and nectarine varieties original on the west coast, this variety proved very; ceptible to bacterial leafspot. The trees p spreading and weak but set good crops. Th tractive fruit ripened almost as early as Card q Its yellow flesh had good flavor, but was I semicling some seasons than freestone. (SN BracketL-‘It originated in 1912 at Au Georgia, and was introduced by J. P. Berck I (22). Trees were obtained from two so I for the test and each lot performed similarly. 3 yellow-fleshed, freestone fruit is very simil Elberta but in this test ripened 3 to 4 days ea A ‘USPP-United States Plant Patent number. g .- evariety was more productive in this test than qlberta. A large, coarse seed is one of the main jections to the variety. (BRN) (WN) Bobolink (USPP 1,150).—Intr0duced by the frmstrong Nurseries, Inc.,_Ontario, California, in 53, it is a cross of (unnamed seedling of Gold- 'ne Nectarine x Rio Oso Gem) x (unnamed Yledling of Goldmine Nectarine x July Elberta) -0). The trees were of medium vigor and pro- ‘ced good crops. The fruit is freestone, flesh llow and good flavored. Susceptibility to bac- drial leafspot eliminates it from orchards in this tion. (AN) _ Boston Red (Nectarine).—The trees obtained 9 this test are strong, upright and produce avy crops. Due to late season, 2 weeks before lberta, the yields are materially reduced by cat- ' ing insects and brown rot. The medium-sized, d, freestone fruits are attractive. The flesh is Thite, of fine texture and good quality. The early gloration creates a tendency to harvest the fruit (fore firm ripe. (C&ONC) p. Canadian Queen.—This is an introduction by . E. Markham of Flora, Illinois (22). This yel- i ' freestone is a cross between Canadian Banner Early Elberta and is 5 days earlier than Elberta. e trees are large and vigorous but low in pro- ction. The fruit is large with attractive yel- é ~ flesh of a slightly tart flavor. (MN-1) - Cardinal (FV-101).—This yellow cling peach our most profitable early peach. The yields ve not been excessively heavy any one season I t because of its exceptional color, earliness and i ness the fruit commands a premium price. It a seedling of Halehaven, selfed in 1941 by Dr. . H. Weinberger at the U. S. Horticultural Field opboratory, Fort Valley, Georgia. Nine hundred urs are required to break the dormant period of 4 fruit buds. (U.S.HFL) (PRF) v Cavalier (Nectarine) (V.P.I. 17).—Origina- -.~ in Blacksburg, Virginia by the Virginia Agri- ltural Experiment Station. Its parentage is .I. 43143 x unnamed V.P.I. peach seedling) x f. The cross was made in 1936 (10). At the rler station, the fruit ripened more than a week ter than Elberta instead of being 8 days earlier previously indicated. The tree is large, up- ht and strong. Fruit bud set is average. The ld requirement to promote full dormancy is ‘y; The yellow, freestone fruit is small but llzcoloreld in advance of ripening. Its flesh is ‘l ‘, fine grained and has a sweet flavor border- ‘p; on near flat. (VAES) , Charlotte.—Originated by J. A. Evans, Ar- ‘gton, Texas. As reviously reported (21) the lds are erratic wit? ‘one fair crop out of 4 fruit- The yellow-fleshed fruits are large, if years. It is a free- ractive and of excellent flavor. qne. (O.S.G.PN) Cherryred (N.J. 129).--Originated by the Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station and introduced commercially in 1947. It is an open- pollinated seedling of (J. H. Hale x Goldfinch) (9). The strong, upright trees produced one good crop out of 5 bearing years. The yellow, cling fruit ripened 2 "days earlier than Cardinal. The flavor is poor even for an early variety. (TNJPC) Chief.—An Indian Cling selection made by Wolfe Nursery, Stephenville, Texas (21). It is. typical of the old type Indian Cling as it is dark beet red to the seed. This type is very much in demand in this area for preserving and pickling. The yield each season has been light With the fruit sizing large to extra large. Its chilling re- quirement is high: 1,150 hours of 45° F. or less to break the rest period of the fruit buds. (WN-1) Chilow (Elberta Cling).--This is a yellow- fleshed seedling of Chinese Cling (16). It is con- sistent in producing good crops of medium to small round firm fruit which is favorably re- ceived for picking. A tendency to shed its fruit at the hard-ripe stage is one of its main faults. Frank is 9 days later and has a larger number of desirable characters. (RAN) Clark (Clarkhaven) . — This open-pollinated seedling of Halehaven originated in the Bristol Orchards, Inc., Bristol, Indiana, in 1942. In this test, the fruit was similar to that of Halehaven in most characters. Clark ripened 2 weeks ear- lier and produced heavier and more consistently than its parent. Dixigem and Redhaven are 4 days earlier and as productive as Clark. Fruit of Redhaven is firmer and of better quality. (TKN) Coronet (FV 126-79).-—This early, firm, yel- low, mostly cling peach is the result of, a cross made in 1945 between a seedling of Halehaven, selfed (FV 5-56), and Dixigem at the U. S. Horti- cultural Field Laboratory, Fort Valley, Georgia (9). The spreading trees are strong and produce good yields. The fruit does not color as early as Cardinal but still is attractive. It is proving to be an excellent variety to follow the Cardinal sea- son and to open the Dixigem, Redhaven season. (U.S.HFL) Cumberland (25 B.G.).—-The variety origi- nated from a cross of Bell x Greensboro made in 1914 by M. A. Blake of the New Jersey Agricul- tural Experiment Station (2). As a moderately early, white freestone it proved to be rather pop- ular and earned a place on the local market at the Nacogdoches station during 1937-46 (21). In this test the performance was disappointing and the trees were removed after the third fruiting season. Ranger and Triogem have many more desirable characters. (BRN) Dixigem (FV 8-35). -- This mid-June, al- most freestone, yellow-fleshed variety has proved to be a consistent producer of good yields in this test. It is the result of the cross (Admiral Dewey x St. John) x Southhaven made in 1936. It was originated by the USDA (15). The trees are large and spreading. The medium-sized fruits are 21 attractive and color sufficiently early to permit shipping. Some seasons the flesh texture is rather coarse. (BRN) Dixired (FV 5-7 0).—Originated by the USDA in 1936 and released commercially in 1945 (15). The seedling is a Halehaven selfed. The yellow flesh is medium firm and of better flavor than Dixigem. It is a clingstone that ripens 2 days later than Cardinal. Its yield has not been as heavy as Cardinal although both have high chill- ing requirements of 900 to 950 hours. (BRN) Early East (N.J. 134).-This is another in- troduction of the New Jersey Agricultural Ex- periment Station. It is a cross of an open-polli- nated seedling of J. H. Hale x (Slappey x Ad- miral Dewey) (2). In this test the flesh was not entirely free when tree ripened. The fruit shape was rough with a high percentage of split seeds. The trees were large and consistently bore heav- ier crops than Cardinal which ripened at the same season. Cardinal was the more profitable be- cause of color, firmness and shape of fruit. (TNJPC) Early Elberta (Gleason).-This is a seedling of Elberta, which first fruited for Dr. Sumner Gleason, Kaysville, Utah (18). Like many of the Early Elberta selections it is very susceptible to bacterial leafspot. The trees are only medium in vigor but produce fair yields. The yellow-fleshed, freestone fruit lacks color. Loring and Redskin are much preferred for the season. (PRF) Early Elberta (Scott).—This is an Elberta- type peach found by Dr. L. E. Scott at the Sand- hill, ‘South Carolina Station (14). The selection also was grown in this test as Sandhill No. 1. The freestone, yellow-fleshed fruit has good shape and is attractive. It ripens 10 to 12 days earlier than the regular Elberta. Loring and Redskin are of the same season and have proved more profitable. (PRF) Early Elberta (Stacy).—The material fur- nished to represent this variety did not produce an Early Elberta-type fruit. The greenish-yel- low-fleshed fruits were small and ripened 18 days after Elberta. (PRF) Early Elberta (Stark).—Also known in the commercial field as Early Elberta (Gleason). It was introduced by Stark Bros., Louisiana, Mis- souri. The yellow, freestone fruits are large, of poor color and have many suture cracks. The flavor is astringent to slightly bitter. Loring and Redskin are preferred for the season. (SBN) Early Fair Beauty.—Originated in Nashville, Arkansas, by J. T. Warren and introduced com- mercially in 1946. It is the result of a bud muta- tion of Fair Beauty (9). It is supposed to ripen 2 to 3 weeks earlier than its parent, but in our test the fruit matured a week later. The strong, spreading trees set a moderate crop of fruit buds and indicated a high cold requirement similar to that of Fair Beauty. The color of the freestone 22 fruit is attractive several days before ripe Its flesh is yellow, medium-coarse in texture has good flavor. Its low yield eliminates its‘ for commercial plantings in this section. (P Early Flame (Nectarine).—-This is an o pollinated seedling of Flaming Gold discover 1942 by R. H. King, Sheffield, Alabama (9)., this test the fruit was medium to small and of cellent flavor. The yield‘o‘f the yellow-fl semicling fruit was fair some seasons. Its v chilling requirement limits its use in this = (SBN) Early Halehaven.—Originated as a bud tation of Halehaven in the orchard of John” metz near Benton Harbor, Michigan (9). ‘- strong, upright trees have produced fair to 1i crops most seasons. The medium-sized fruits well shaped and attractive. The yellow, free flesh is slightly soft and rather low in qu, Téiogem fruits this season and is more profi < N) Early Profit.-—A yellow freestone peach g to have originated in Herrin county, Michi and to ripen early. At the Tyler station it ri -. with Elberta which it resembled in almost e way with the exception of its low yields. (T ’ Early Triogem.—The variety is of Tri.) season and has produced heavy yields. The < low freestone fruit is smaller and does not the attractive appearance of Triogem. (PR Elberta. —-This time-proved, widely ada variety originated from an open-pollinated tr Chinese Cling grown by Samuel H. Rumph, t shallville, Georgia (16). Trees to represent’ variety were obtained from two sources to ob the variation of characters. Their perform from bud set through maturity was identical. selection was somewhat more productive than other. For the season, this firm, yellow frees =5 fruit holds it own with all new varieties. (B (FN) ' Envoy (N. J. 102).—Originated from a w of J. H. Hale x Sunbeam made by the New Je, Agricultural Experiment Station (9). The ' have been very good. The yellow, freestone colors early and is of good quality. During L seasons, the flesh texture has been coarse. . sections where bacterial leafspot is not too se, the use of July Elberta (Burbank) is prefe on account of firmness and size of fruit. (TN Fair Beauty. -— This is an open-polli L seedling of Elberta discovered in 1920 by W Henson and R. W. Fair, Arp, Texas (9). Th tractive fruit has yellow semicling flesh t g slightly stringy. The trees are not too vig and are short lived in this section. It has a '1 chilling requirement of 1,050 hours. Ranger- ens in this season and bears heavier yields Y firm freestone fruit. (BRN) * Fairhaven.-This is another introductio the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Sta ’ - y Johnston selected it from a cross made in 30f J. H. Hale x South Haven (9) . The ripen- »:te is the same as Ranger and it is not as ctive. The freestone yellow flesh is slightly nd stringy. It has good flavor. The fruit p‘: the color dull. (BRN) allate (N.J. 183).—A firm, white-fleshed, . ne peach that ripens in this section almost Ath after Elberta. The fruits are small and vor bitter. It is a cross of J. H. Hale x l: and was introduced by the New Jersey iment Station in 1947 (9). (TNJPC) ertile Hale (USPP 175).—Originated in 'nce, Michigan, by L. B. LeDuke (9). It is F mutation of J. H. Hale discovered in 1927. a a light bearer, like most of J. H. Hale se- s in this section. The fruit is large and fattractive. In this test, it ripened with El- _' and a week later than J. H. Hale. The flesh f- w to the seed and of excellent quality most us. (GN) ' eball (False Sunhigh).—Two lots of trees s variety were grown. Those supplied un- ' it name of Fireball were susceptible to bac- ‘leafspot while those representing False Sun- were not infected and came through with g yields. There was also a considerable dif- e in dates of first and full bloom. Fruit _ ters, other than yield, were very similar if entical. The yellow-fleshed, freestone fruit (ugh with a dull color and many suture Introduced commercially in 1952 by the 3w Ridge Farms and Nursery, Clemson, South u a (9). (PRF) i" eglow.—This is a cross of J. H. Hale x .1» made by the New Jersey Agricultural x 'ment Station in 1923 (9). The yellow free- ‘fruits are large and have a high percentage “ial cracks. The flesh is tender and coarse "n acid flavor. Its production is low. Ve- "land July Elberta (Burbank) are of this sea- ‘ (WN) i amingo (USPP 661).-Originated in On- California, by Walter E. Lammerts. It is n-pollinated seedling of Rio Oso Gem se- in 1940 (9). The yellow freestone fruits small. The flesh is medium-fine in tex- k d has a sweet flavor. The trees are spread- d of medium vigor. In this test, its ripen- ,;= was 4 days after Rio Oso Gem. (AN) ' ming Gold (Nectarine). — This yellow- -. freestone fruit was selected by Luther ink, Sebastopol, California, in 1916 (9). Its ge is unknown. The ripening date is 2 ~. earlier than .,Elberta. Because of its high .1 requirement, the yield has been low. The ‘is greenish yellow, medium coarse 1n tex- (and has a sweet flavor. (AN) _ ank.—The variety was raised in 1903 by , Stubenrauch, Mexia, Texas, from a pit_ of . (16). It is a high-yielding, yellow cling that follows the Elberta season by 2 weeks. The firm, fine-textured flesh has an excellent quality and is much in demand for canning, preserving, pickling and freezing. The trees are spreading, vigorous and consistent in producing heavy yields. The fruit must be thinned heavily to secure size and color in view of its late ripening season. Ori- ental fruit moth damage limited plantings in some sections until the introduction of DDT (20). (WN- 1) French (No. 50).-This is a seedling selec- tion made by the Stahelin’s Nursery, Bridgman, Michigan. The yellow, freestone fruit ripens with Elberta. Its yield has been fair although the trees are vigorous growers. During 1957 bacterial leaf- spot was very damaging to both foliage and fruit. There are more productive varieties for the sea- son. (SN) Frost Queen (N.J. 159 and 185).—A very late, white freestone variety developed by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (9). It is a cross of (J. H. Hale x Eclipse) x Berks. The spreading, vigorous trees produced heavy yields of firm fruit which ripened a month or more after Elberta. (TNJPC) Fuzzless-Berta (Nectarine) (USPP 479).-""‘ Originated in Blacksburg, Virginia, by Frederick W. HofMann (9). The parentage is unknown, but it is probably an F2 segregate of a cross between peach and nectarine. Its chilling requirement is too high for this area. The tree growth in this test was spreading and vigorous. The yields were low each season. The large, round, yellow-fleshed fruits are attractive and have good quality. The fruit ripens a week later than Elberta and has a high percentage of loss from radial cracks. (SBN) Garden State (Nectarine) (USPP 92).—The variety is another introduction by the New Jer- sey Agricultural Experiment Station (9). It was developed by M. A. Blake from open-pollinated Elberta. The trees are upright and vigorous. The yield of the medium sized, round, yellow-fleshed fruit is poor. It ripens about a week before El- berta. It is susceptible to bacterial leafspot. (PRF) Gemmer’s Late Elberta.—Originated in Sus- sex, New Jersey, by Conrad Gemmer (13). The t parentage is unknown but the fruit is late and of Elberta type. In this test, the yields each season have been very poor. The greenish-yellow-fleshed, freestone fruit was coarse and the flavor as- tringent. The seed is extra large. The upright trees are weak growers. (BRN) Globe Haven.-This is a cross of Vivid Globe x South Haven and ripens 10 days earlier than Elberta (22). At the Tyler station, the ripening date was 3 weeks earlier than Elberta. The tree is spreading and vigorous in growth. The pro- duction has been consistent and good crops have been produced most years. The yellow, freestone fruits are large and round and color early. The firm flesh has excellent flavor. (MN-1) 23 Gold Dust (Stribling S-47-4).—Originated in Merced, California, by T. B. Stribling, Jr. (9). It is an open-pollinated seedling of Kim Elberta se- lected in 1947. The yellow flesh is mostly free, of good flavor and medium in firmness. The round fruit is small. The spreading trees are weak growers but are prolific. Bacterial leafspot is severe on both foliage and fruit. This is not the same variety reported in TAES Bul. 687 (21). (SN-1) Golden Blush (USPP 473).—Originated in Lakeside, California, by B. H. Haley (9). The parentage is unknown. This yellow freestone has firm flesh that is slightly astringent in flavor. The fruit is well colored and of medium size. It ripens 2 days later than Elberta. During the 1957 season it showed slight susceptibility to bac- ' terial leafspot. The trees are spreading and vig- orous. It is claimed that they are more resistant to delayed foliation than Elberta. (AN) Goldeneast (N.J.97).—This is another of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in- troductions. It is a cross of Elberta x New Jer- sey 38 E. G. made in 1923 (9). As previously reported (21) the variety has several excellent characters and has proved to be profitable in spite of its high cold requirement of 1,050 hours. The tree growth is upright, vigorous and ably supports a heavy load. The fruit is large, very attractive and packs and ships well. The quality of the yellow flesh is excellent and desirable for either fresh eating or canning. The set of fruit buds is heavy, yet the variety does not tend to be overprolific. It sizes well when moderately thinned. It is almost 3 weeks earlier than El- berta or 3 days later than Halehaven. (TNJPC) Golden Elberta Cling.—This firm, fine-tex- -. tured, yellow-fleshed cling peach originated in Fort Smith, Arkansas, by Will R. Gaunaway (9). Its production has been moderately light in this test with an indication of high chilling require- ment. The trees are vigorous and spreading. The fruit is large, very attractive and firm enough to pack well. Inconsistent production of profit- able crops will limit its use in this section since it ripens a week before Elberta. (SBN) Golden Jubilee.—This variety was introduced by the New, Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 1926 (9). It is a cross of Elberta x Greensboro. Its yield of fruit in this test was considerably less than at the Nacogdoches sta- tion (21). The objectionable fruit character of becoming soft on the tip and suture bulge while slightly green about the stem end eliminates its use forcommercial purposes in this section. Other yellow-fleshed varieties of, or almost of, the same season, such as Dixigem, Redhaven and Triogem readily replace it. (BRN) Goldray.—-This bud mutation of Golden J ub- ilee was detected in Lexington, South Carolina by J. Roy Cunningham (9). In this test, it had all 24 the tree and fruit characters of its parent e,» that it ripened 8 days earlier. Considerin uneven ripening of the fruit, coarse fle slightly astringent flavor and light yields, it not have a place in the commercial plantin this section. (BRN) i Goodcheer (N.J. 152).—,__This yellow, stone variety originated at the New Jersey cultural Experiment Station and was intr commercially in 1947 (9). It is a cross of ( Hale x Eclipse) x Laterose and was repo , ripen a week later than Elberta. The tre cured for this test are not representative v; variety as the fruit ripened a month befo berta. (TNJPC) Halegold.—Originated in Commerce, fl by Early Stark and introduced comme”, about 1930. The parentage is unknown (10) yellow-fleshed, freestone fruit ripens wit berta. It has been very susceptible to ba leafspot in this test. The yield is less thalf» of a number of varieties which ripen duri y period. (PRF) Hale Harrison Brilliant (USPP 814). large, freestone, yellow-fleshed variety oril in Crozet, Virginia, and was propagated by A F. Jones (9). The parentage is unknown. . trees are upright and very vigorous. Thef was very low for each of the four fruitin sons. Indications are that, it has a high c " requirement along with a light bud set. I‘ week earlier than Elberta. (HBN) Halehaven.-—This is a Michigan Agric I, Experiment Station introduction of 1932 ( 1 is a cross of J. H. Hale x South Haven a 1924. During the late thirtiesand forti variety was extensively planted in this :1 and proved to be acceptable in most plat (21). In recent years its popularity has b, the decline due to lack of fruit color, a higi dence of cracking and soft flesh during >1 of excessive rainfall. It ripened 3 weeks 1i Elberta. The yield in this test has been s pointing. (BRN) ‘ Hazel.—-Originated by J . A. Evans, ‘A ton, Texas. The large, yellow, freestone. are very attractive and of excellent flavor. ripening date is a week earlier than Elbe i previously reported (21), the yield is too for commercial acceptance in this section. ( PN) Herb Hale (USPP 588).—The variety- nated in Yakima, Washington, by Herbert. ahey, and was introduced commercially in} (6). The parentage is unknown. The tre_ spreading and vigorous with a good fruit b ; The fruit is freestone and medium sized, yellow flesh that is slightly astringent in i Its production has been higher than Hale but not as good as Vedette or Goldeneast. ~ ties ripen 3 weeks earlier than Elberta. NC) qiland (FV 123-41).—This is another of the J introductions from Fort Valley, Georgia. variety resulted from a cross between South- and a seedling of Hiley x Halehaven in 1945. w- with Cardinal. The fruit is large, ten- and has not colored well under our growing ‘tions. The yellow flesh clings to the seed ‘y: coarse with a sharp acid flavor. The yields , been light considering the bud set and large l: trees. Since it has a low chilling require- 2 the variety can be considered for early mar- purposes in the southern peach section. .HFL) Hinner Hale.-—The fruit ripens with Elberta. , yellow-fleshed, firm, a freestone and good red. The trees are upright and of medium j . The bud set and density of flowers is poor. A ld requirements are high. Lack of yield hiaites it from plantings in East Texas. l *Hobs0n.-As previously reported (21), the has performed variably in previous V». in Texas. The trees secured for this test the confusion as the fruit is a white cling- that ripens around July 10, or almost 3 earlier than Elberta. The flesh is firm and d be good for pickling. The yellow-fleshed tones, Redcrest, Scarlet Elberta and Gol- -:; are of the same season. (RAN) Hon-ee-gold.—Reported by Stahelin’s Nur- , Bridgman, Michigan, as a yellow freestone, 'r than Elberta and much later. It is winter y and is an excellent shipper. In this test, . 'elds were consistently low. It has a high g requirement. The trees are strong and in growth. Michigold is 4 days earlier ‘much preferred. (SN) Honeygem (N.J. Low acid 8).—This late, W freestone of low acid quality was intro- i-» by the New Jersey Agricultural Experi- , Station (9). It is the result of the cross ’ . Hale x P. I. 55564) x Estella. It has a bud set, is prolific to the point that heavy _ ‘ng is required, but the fruit is small. The _ is firm and sweet. It ripens a week later Elberta. The fruit is not as large as After- , or Frank. (TNJPC) llerseyland (N.J. 135).—A variety that con- to perform well in this test. It was intro- 4 by the New Jersey Agricultural Experi- " Station in 1946 (9). It is an open-pollinated 'ng of J. H. Hale x (Slappey x Admiral y). Some growers object to its slightly dull A and tendency topling. The yellow flesh has um-fine texture. The fruit packs excep- ‘lly well for an early peach. Its flavor is tly acid. The trees are spreading and vigor- The density of bud set is medium. It ripens ' Starking Delicious, and is 5 days earlier than ,1 and Redhaven. (TNJPC) J. H. Hale-This is a chance seedling found by J. H. Hale, South Glastonbury, Connecticut, and introduced in 1912 (16 and 22). The per- formance of this variety was identical to that ob- tained at the Nacogdoches station (21). The fruits are large, very attractive, firm and ship well. The flesh is yellow, freestone and of ex- cellent flavor. The upright trees have only me- dium vigor and a light bud set. Because of its very low yield, the variety is not considered for commercial purposes in this section. (SBN) July Elberta (Burbank) (USPP 15). — A many-name variety as evidenced by the list of Brooks and Olmo (9) which shows (Burbank El- berta, Kim Early Elberta, Brentwood Beauty, Early Elberta, Jewell). It is a Luther Burbank origination made at Sebastopol, California, and was introduced commercially in 1930. The chief fault of the variety in this section is its suscepti- bility to bacterial leafspot. Because of its early ripening the fruit is free of the lesions some sea- sons, depending on the time the disease appears in the orchard. The freestone, yellow-fleshed fruit is medium-firm with good flavor. The trees are strong and ably support heavy loads. It has a lower chilling requirement than Elberta, 750 hours, which causes considerable damage when late spring frosts occur. The ripening date is al- most 4 weeks earlier than Elberta. (SBN) Kalhaven.—This very prolific, yellow, free- stone variety was developed by the Michigan Ag- ricultural Experiment Station in 1924. It is a J. H. Hale x Kalamazoo cross (9). Good yields were produced during four of the six bearing seasons. The annual average yield was very good. The fruits do not size in seasons when extensive thin- ning is delayed. The trees are spreading, strong and ably support full crops. The variety is 4 days earlier than Elberta. Its high quality fruit has a good color. (GN) Laterose (N.J. 109).-A high quality, white freestone that matures too late for profitable pro- duction in this section. It is an introduction of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (9) and is a cross of J. H. Hale x Delicious. The yield was favorable of a sweet, fine-textured, medium-sized fruit. The fruit is rough but well colored. Its chilling requirement is less than El- berta. An“ excellent variety for home canning and freezing. It is 6 days later than Elberta. (TNJPC) Loring.—Originated in Mountain Grove, Mis- souri, by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station and introduced commercially in 1946 (9). It is a cross of Frank x Halehaven. Trees were ob- tained from two sources for the test at the Tyler station. Those furnished by Paul Shepard of the Missouri Station produced results comparable to the earlier descriptions of the variety. The fruit is medium sized, attractive, and has yellow, free- stone flesh that is firm and of good quality. The trees are strong and upright in growth. It rip- 25 ens 12 days earlier than Elberta, near the season of Redcrest and Scarlet Elberta. (MSFES) (PRF) Markberta.—The variety was developed and introduced by J. E. Markham, Flora, Illinois, (22). It is a cross 0f Halberta x Canadian Queen. Trees are strong, spreading and ably support heavy loads. The ripening date and yield of fruit were in line with Elberta. The fruit is medium sized, well colored and firm; it is a good shipper. Its yellow flesh is freestone and has a slightly as- tringent flavor; otherwise quality is good. (MN-1) Maybelle (N.J. 164).-—An introduction of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station made commercially in 1948 (9). It is a cross of Raritan Rose x ([J. H. Hale x Goldfinch], open- pollinated). Trees for the test were secured from two sources. They are vigorous growers and spreading in habit. The fruit ripens with Card- inal. It is medium sized, attractive and colors well in advance of ripening. The flesh is stringy or coarse, white with heavy red streaks through- out and has a tart slightly acid flavor. It is more cling than semifree as grown under our condi- tions, and can be packed and marketed locally if harvested firm-ripe. (TNJPC) (PRF) Maygold (FV 132-12).——This early, yellow clingstone was selected for the southern area where winters are too warm for Redcap and Dixi- red. Its cold requirement is 650 hours of 45° F. or less by February 15. It is an introduction of the U. S. Horticultural Field Laboratory, Fort Valley, Georgia. It resulted from a cross between Sunhigh and Southland made in 1945. Based on the results of one fruiting season, the date of first bloom is early, but full flowering is delayed until Elberta blooms. Yields were light, largely as a result of bird damage to the highly colored fruit. The very attractive color appears well in advance of hard-ripe. The flesh is yellow and of medium texture. Flavor is good although slight- ly acid. The trees are spreading and medium weak in vigor. (U.S.HFL) Meadow Lark (USPP 528).—Originated in Ontario, California, by Walter E. Lammerts. It is a cross of (Early Imperial x Coolidge Double Red) x Socala and selected in 1941 (9). The chill- ing requirement is slightly less than Babcock. Vigor of the spreading tree is medium. Density of bud set is good. It is prolific to the extent that heavy thinning is required. The attractive- ly colored fruit is small, regardless of rate and time of thinning. The yellow flesh is freestone, of medium-fine texture and has a sweet flavor. It cannot compete with Dixigem or Redhaven which are of the same season. (AN) Melba.—This small, white-fleshed fruit orig- inated in San Antonio, Texas, by a Mr. Yost. The parentage is unknown. It was introduced as Im- proved Pallas but later was renamed (l9). The tree 26 is upright, strong and ably supports a heavy a The fruit must be thinned early and extensi» or it will not size. Its quality varies from se 7 to season from a honey-sweet to a tart slig acid flavor. It ripens with Ranger and Triog It might be used for home plantings as heavy y duction of a white-fleshed fruit is usually, sured. (WN-1) ' Merrill Beauty (USPPl 905).—An exte e number of named varieties and selections i by Grant Merrill, of Red Bluff, California, \ grown at the Tyler Station. Of the lot, 12 u‘ varieties will be given in this report. The i Beauty is an open-pollinated seedling of J. H.‘ i (9). Its bud set is very light and yield is. The yellow, freestone fruits are extra large, i der, with flesh of fine texture. The flavor sweet. There is a high incidence of suture cr at the stem end. (TGMO) * Merrill Brilliant.—This is a cross of July berta x Florence selected in 1945 (9). It i white-fleshed, semicling of medium firmness : has only fair quality as the flavor is slightly , tringent. The spreading trees are vigorous :» produce good crops. It ripens with Red, (TGMO) P Merrill Dandy. -— An open-pollinated -.1 ling of Candoka selected in 1943 (9). The foli and fruit are moderately susceptible to bacte, leafspot. Trees are upright and of medium v' 1‘ The fruit has poor color and is rough. The is free, of a greenish-yellow color with a slig astringent flavor. It ripens with July Elb, (Burbank), or 4 days later than Ranger. yield is too light for the season. (TGMO) Merrill Fiesta.—This is an open-pollina seedling of Kirkman Gem (8). The tree is vigorous but slow. The fruit bud set is am 1 and a good crop is set most years. Due to the treme late ripening, mid-October, a high loss curs from insect, disease and bird damage. flesh is yellow, firm, freestone and of good q ~ ity. The color is very attractive. (TGMO) A_ Merrill Gem (USPP 868).—A cross of J. Hale x Red Bird selected in 1943 (9). The ~ low flesh is firm, of medium-fine texture and’ good quality. It is a clingstone. The produc‘ of the spreading, rather weak trees is too low the season. It ripens with Cardinal and Dix’ - (TGMO) Merrill Gold Rush.—It is an open-pollina, seedling of J. H. Hale selected in 1942 (9). q bud set is light and yield is too low for an e variety. It ripens 4 days later than Ranger f is of the July Elberta (Burbank) season. fruit is large, very attractive and firm. The " low flesh is freestone, of fine texture and ex lent flavor. (TGMO) Merrill Hale (USPP 1,246).—An open-l nated seedling of J. H. Hale selected in 1942 (1, supposed to ripen between July Elberta and a. Its ripening date at the Tyler station 0f the Coronet and Dixigem season. The ous, spreading trees produce-d good crops. ffoliage and fruit were very susceptible to rial leafspot. The flesh of the yellow, free- fruit is coarse but of good flavor. (TGMO) Merrill June (USPP 869).-~This is another Q ion of an open-pollinated seedling of J. H. ; made in 1943 (9). The upright trees have um vigor. The fruit bud set and yield is f’ ' i The quality of the yellow semicling is ex- t. The flesh is medium firm with a tend- i to soften at the tip before tree-ripe. It rip- in the Cardinal, Dixired season. Bacterial pot damage to fruit is moderate to severe. MO) p Merrill Rodeo (USPP 1,097).—A selection of < I n-pollinated seedling of Kirkman Gem made 50 (8). The trees are spreading and strong- an Fiesta. The firm, yellow, freestone fruit = s in mid-October at the Tyler station or 21/2 ths after Elberta. The flavor is excellent for e fruit. The yield is materially reduced fol- g continued attacks of insects, diseases and (TGMO) Merrill Sunrise (Nectarine).—An open-polli- w seedling of F2 J. H. Hale‘ peach x Flaming ' selected in 1949 (10). A very large, attrac- _fruit that is entirely red. The yellow. cling is also very pleasing in appearance although e. Its quality is excellent. Damage from ‘lcracks is extensive some seasons. During ‘r1957 season, twinning was rather severe. A ‘l: ising nectarine for this section if cold re- ement is not too high and production im- es. (TGMO) .Merrill Yellow King.—Another open-polli- w seedling of J. H. Hale selected in 1945 (9). f are strong and spreading and appear re- int to bacterial leafspot. The yield is good. é firm, medium-sized fruit is attractive but ns later than Frank or 2 weeks after Elberta. higold is of the season and more productive. MO) ’ Merrill 49’er.—-This onen-pollinated seedling . H. Hale was selected in 1943 ( 9). The up- t, vigorous trees show a moderate infestation material leafspot. The yields are too light for (Elberta season. Flesh of the medium-sized y is orange-yellow, freestone, firm and of ‘i flavor. (TGMO) . Michigold.-Originated in the sand dunes of 1 igan by Stahelin’s Nursery, Bridgman, Mich- q It was introduced commercially in 1945 ). This is an excellent, yellow freestone to fol- 1 the Elberta season. It ripens with Frank id-August. The trees are strong and ably ort a full crop. The bud set is good although s moderate thinning is required to size the 't. The pleasing color of the medium-large, firm fruit appears well in advance of ripening. Its flesh is moderately coarse in texture. The flavor is sweet and slightly dry. It has not been as susceptible to bacterial leafspot as Elberta. (SN) Missouri.—A Missouri State Fruit Experi- ment Station origination. It is an open-pollinated seedling of Sunbeam selected in 1942 (9). It has a high chilling requirement. The fruit bud set is light on trees that are spreading and vigorous. The medium-sized fruit has not been attractive and is soft. The yellow flesh is semicling and has a fine texture. slightly dry. It ripens with Triogem and Sun- high. Triogem is preferred. (PRF) Montopolis.—A medium-sized, white-fleshed freestone that ripens 3 days earlier than El- berta—a period during which a large number of yellow freestones are coming on the market. The fruit is well colored in advance of ripening. The flesh is firm, of medium-fine texture and of good quality. The bud set is light. Production has not been consistent. The tree is upright and a strong grower. It can be used if local markets demand a white-fleshed peach. (RAN) Nectacrest (Nectarine) (N.J. 8).—Four va- rieties of the “Necta” series of nectarines de- veloped by the New Jersey Agricultural Experi- ment ‘Station, New Brunswick. New Jersey, were grown at the Tyler station. Their date of ripen- ing was from a week to a month later than El- berta, which is too late for profitable nectarine production in this section. Stinkbugs, brown rot and prevailing drouth conditions are primary fac- tors in reducing yield and size of fruit. It is a cross of Garden State x ([Goldmine x Belle self- ed], open-pollinated) (9). The tree growth is vig- orous with only a medium fruit bud set. The medium-sized, round fruit has flesh of greenish- white color, fine texture and a slightly tart fla- vor. The freestone fruit is firm and ripens 11 days after Elberta. (TNJPC) Nectaheart (N.J. 10).—-Introduced commer- cially in 1947. Its parentage is Garden State x ([Goldmine x Belle selfed], open-pollinated) (9). The round, medium-sized, freestone fruit ripens a week after Elberta. The greenish-white flesh has fine texture and has a sweet to slightly tart flavor. The spreading tree has only a medium set of fruit buds and is of medium vigor. (TNJPC) Nectalate (N.J. 4).—A cross of Garden State x selected seedling (9). ' Its production is the heaviest of the four and ripens a month after El- berta. The tree is upright and of strong growth. Its fruit bud set is only medium. The very small, round fruit is firm. The white flesh has fine tex- ture and good quality. (TNJPC) Nectarose (N.J. 9).-It is a cross of Garden State x ([Goldmine x Belle selfed], open-polli- nated) (9). The tree growth is upright and vig- 27 The flavor is sweet and orous. Fruit bud set is medium. The fruit re- sembles Boston Red, but ripens 3 weeks later, or 4 days after Elberta. It is medium-sized, round, dark red and medium in firmness. The freestone fruit has white flesh and a flavor that is sweet, slightly dry and flat. (TNJPC). Nectar (USPP 86).—Originated in Bakers- field, California, by Oliver P. Blackburn and in- troduced commercially in 1935 (5). Parentage unknown (probably Early Wheeler x Stanwick). The upright tree is vigorous but has a light fruit bud set. The chilling requirement is high. The large, attractive fruit is too tender for commer- cial trade. The flesh is white, of medium-coarse texture and has a sweet flavor somewhat like Mamie Ross. It is a freestone which ripens 2 weeks earlier than Elberta. (PRF) Newday (N.J. 79).—An introduction of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a cross of J. H. Hale x New Jersey 40 C. S. made in 1923 (9). It is of the Dixigem and Trio- gem season and has not been productive. Under our conditions, the color has not been good and some seasons the fruit is slightly soft. The fruit is medium to large in size, well shaped an-d of good quality. The flesh is yellow and mostly free. The tree is upright and vigorous although more susceptible to bacterial leafspot than El- berta. (TNJPC) Nuggett.—The material supplied for obser- vation in our test was supposed to produce a large, yellow-fleshed, clingstone fruit that ri- pened 7 to 10 days later than Elberta. With us, it is a large, yellow-fleshed fruit that is a semi- clingstone and ripens 3 weeks earlier than El- berta. Although the production has been very good, the fruit has a tendency to crack along the suture and is rough in appearance. Goldeneast and Vedette are preferred for the season. (SN) Oriole.—Is a cross of Slappey x Dewey made in 1916 and named in 1925 by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (2). The pro- duction was disappointing in this test. The yel- low flesh is coarse, almost clingstone, slightly acid in flavor and medium tender in firmness. It is of Triogem season. (GN) Osage.--rAn open-pollinated seedling of Alton selected in 1945 by the Missouri State Fruit Ex- periment Station (9). The spreading tree is vig- orous, but showed a heavy infestation of bacter- ial leafspot in 1957 on foliage and fruit. The small, round fruit has flesh of fine texture and is firm. It is a clingstone ripening a week after Elberta. Its yield is too low for this season. (PRF) Ozark.—Another of the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station introductions. It is a cross of Frank x Halehaven (9). Materials to represent the variety were obtained from two sources and their behavior was very similar. Yield of fruit- was only fair. It ripened approximately a week 28 before Elberta. The flesh is lemon yellow, i coarse in texture but firm with a sweet fl; The fruit is slow to color and is slightly dull. upright tree growth is vigorous. Its prod is too low for the season. (MSFES) (PRF) Panamint (Nectarine) (USPP 1,100). g inated by Armstrong Nurseries, Ontario, A fornia (8). Its parentage is (Babcock pe Boston) x (Goldmine x Rio Oso Gem peach) has a very low chilling requirement. The I bud set is exceptionally heavy and it is a lific bearer. Three thinnings failed to siz fruit to meet commercial demand. The fl_ orange yellow, firm and of dry sweet flavory, trees are speading, willowy and vigorous? show a high susceptibility to bacterial leaf (AN) i Perfect Hale.—Fruit is Elberta-type w ripens a few days later than Elberta. It h a produced as well as Elberta or a number of varieties which come in this season. The ye firm flesh is free and of medium texture. ‘a round fruit is large and attractive. The =_ strong and upright. (SN) 4 Philp (Nectarine) (Calif. 27-12).- nated in Winters, California, by the Calif Agricultural Experiment Station (19). The A entage is Humboldt x Burbank’s Gold. The. growth is upright and weak. The fruits are’ dium sized, mostly roundbut many are rough irregular. The flesh is coarse, mostly free. yellow with a dry sweet flavor. It ripens a f after Elberta. Without irrigation it has fail produce the desired size. Like the majorit nectarines, the fruit is repeatedly attacked; several species of plant and stinkbugs along the plum curculio. (FN) ' Philip.—A yellow cling introduced by Jl Bogue, Marysville, California. Fruit bud set. fruit yield were poor. The fruit ripened the ; of August, or a month later than Elberta. _ upright, weak tree and its fruit are very :f ceptible to bacterial leafspot. Frank is 2 w; earlier and much preferred. (FN) " Pioneer (Nectarine) (USPP 787).—Ori ' ted by Herbert C. Swim, Ontario, California, f assigned to Armstrong Nurseries (9). Its pa : age is (Goldmine nectarine x Rio Oso Gem y x self. The yellow flesh is mostly free, of t *7 texture and has a slightly astringent flavor. upright trees are only medium in vigor and j age and fruit are susceptible to bacterial l spot. Its yield is low with a ripening date a a week before Elberta. (AN) ' P0ppy.—It was developed by the Miss Station Fruit Experiment Station, Moun! Grove, Missouri (9), and introduced commerc in 1947. It is a cross of Frank x Halehaven. v yellow flesh was more semicling than free r our conditions. It has firm texture and quality. The fruits are round although some i and irregularly shaped. The ripening date ifdays earlier than Elberta. It is a good ship- The production has not been as heavy as kin and Veteran. (MSFES) Prairie Clipper (K-47 ).~—Thirty selections of N‘ J. Dorsey, made at the Illinois Agricul- ' Experiment Station, were grown at the ' station. Seven are named varieties of the j: 'e series and will be included in this report. p, 'e Clipper is the result of a cross made in of J. H. Hale x Gage (9). The fruit bud fl light; seeds are coarse and show a high per- ~ge of splits. The flesh is yellow, firm but with a very astringent flavor. The large, ‘d fruits are freestone, good shippers and ,1 F4 days earlier than Elberta. Brackett is r productive in the same season. (TVN) _,Prairie Dawn (K-73).—A cross of Valiant x haven made in 1937. Like a majority of the i; the fruit bud set is light. Its production ("been low. The yellow flesh has been a cling r our conditions. It is coarse, tender and of ‘lent quality. The round fruit is medium . Its low yield of soft fruit makes it less de- le than Dixigem. (TVN) ‘Prairie Daybreak (K-69).-A cross of Hale- §~ x Sun Glo made in 1937. The yellow flesh Xedium coarse with a sweet flavor that is tly flat. The fruit is a freestone, obovate ape, with a long soft tip. The tree is spread- and strong. Yields are good for an early ;ing variety. It is of the Redcap season, 50 earlier than Elberta. (TVN) ;Prairie Rambler (K-43).—Dr. Dorsey crossed a x Gage in 1933 to secure the variety. introduced commercially in 1946. The is vigorous and upright but has proved very gfiptible to bacterial leafspot. The yellow flesh ostly free, coarse and stringy but of firm tex- u The truncate-shaped fruit is large with y radial cracks some seasons. Because of its ning with Elberta and its low yield, the va- w is not suggested for planting in this sec- (TVN) -» Prairie Rose (K-80).-Its parentage is Gage lehaven. The cross was made in 1937 and variety introduced commercially in 1946. The w of the spreading, vigorous tree was poor. ‘yellow flesh is semicling, coarse and has a ‘v flavor that is slightly flat. It is early, p ing in the Dixigem season. (TVN) j Prairie Schooner (K-40).-—It originated from _ss of Elberta x South Haven made in 1933. yellow flesh is vmostly free and of medium re and firmnessf” The fruit resembles Gol- j- Jubilee in shape and also has the character V” ing soft on the suture before firm-ripe. The is a vigorous grower and spreading. Its yield f been low. It ripens almost 3 weeks earlier Elberta and is of Scarlet Elberta and Red- season, either of which is preferred. (TVN) Prairie Sunrise" (K-74).—-The earliest ripen- ing variety of the Prairie series was the result of a cross of Valiant x Halehaven. It ripens with Dixired. The yield is low. The yellow flesh is cling, medium coarse in texture and tender. Its flavor is astringent. Cardinal is earlier and more dependable in this section. (TV N) Quetta (Nectarine).—-A clingstone fruit that is very attractive. The flavor is good and sweet. The white flesh is coarse and the skin tough. The seed is coarse. The upright trees are only medium in vigor and have a light fruit bud set. Production has been poor. Boston Red is of the same season and has been more consist- ent in production; (C&O'N'C) Ranger (USDA 12160).-An introduction of the USDA and was developed at Beltsville, Mary- land. It is a seedling of Raritan Rose selfed in 1940 (23). The variety has proved itself for com- mercial planting in this section. The consistent production of profitable crops under adverse cli- matic conditions and resistance to bacterial leaf- spot are among its most valuable characters. Its cold requirement is more than Elberta, 950 hours. However, because of its exceptionally heavy set of fruit buds a good set of fruit is ob- tained in seasons that are marginal on cold hours for varieties in the Elberta group of 850 hours. The tree is strong and spreading in growth habit. Its fruit is a round-ovate shape and medium size most seasons. It is well colored in advance of ma- turity. The flesh is yellow, freestone, firm and medium in texture. The flavor is good. Chief ob- jection to the variety is one of its most valuable assets—-the very heavy fruit bud set which re- quires extensive thinning of fruit during favor- able seasons. Another objection is the variation in date of ripening from season to season; ex- tremes being- full ripe June 7, 1954 to July 12, 1957. Its average date of full ripe is June 26 or a month earlier than Elberta. (U.S.PIS) Raritan Rose (N.J. 97 ).—An introduction of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Its parentage is J. H. Hale x Cumberland. The cross was made in 1926 (3). The upright tree is very vigorous and produces heavy crops. The fruit bud set is exceptionally heavy. A freestone with white flesh that has good quality for an early-ripening fruit. The fruit is medium to large, attractive and well colored in advance of ripening. Like Ranger it has proved very resist- ant to bacterial leafspot. Considering its produc- tion, color and quality of fruit, the variety should be of value for local markets where a white- fleshed fruit is desired. There are many proved yellow free-stones of the season, such as Triogem, Sunhigh, Redhaven and Dixigem. (TNJPC) Redcap (FV 121-58).--Another development by J. H. Weinberger, of the U. S. Horticultural Field Laboratory, Fort Valley, Georgia (15). It is the result of a cross between Southland x Dixi- red made in 1945. It is promising as a variety to 29 follow Cardinal. It has a tendency to set twins but is not as persistent in the habit as Cardinal. Fruit is very attractive and colors well in ad- vance of ripening. The quality of the yellow, cling flesh is exceptionally good for the extremely ear- ly season. The upright tree is of medium vigor, although the foliage is large and of dark-green color. An unusually high infestation of several species of stinkbugs has been observed on the tree-ripe fruit some seasons. (U.S. HFL) Redchief (Nectarine).—Introduced by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, Blacks- burg, Virginia. Its parentage is (P.I. 43143 x un- named V.P.I. peach seedling) x (P.I. 63973 x un- named V.P.I. peach seedling) ; cross was made in 1936 (10). The fruit is well colored far in ad- vance of ripening. It is too late for this section as it ripens a full 2 weeks later than Elberta. The greenish-white flesh is fine grained, of medium firmness and has a sweet flavor. It is a free- stone. Vigor of the upright tree is medium and has a medium to heavy set of fruit buds. (VAES) Redcrest (NJ. 126).—Introduced commer- cially in 1946 by the New Jersey Agricultural Ex- periment Station, New Brunswick, New Jersey (9) . The parentage is unknown. It was consid- ered a close competitor of Summercrest which it precedes by 9 days. With us the tree has not been as strong or as large, but has consistently produced yields in line with Summercrest. Date of full bloom usually is a week earlier than Sum- mercrest and late frosts have provided all the fruit thinning required. The greenish-yellow flesh is freestone, medium coarse in texture and of medium firmness. The flesh separates from the seed under dry weather conditions. The flavor is slightly acid and dry. Regardless of these faults, the fruit moves well on local markets. (TNJPC) Redglobe (USDA B 7398).—The variety re- sulted from a cross between a seedling of Ad- miral Dewey x St. John (W 3-16) and Fireglow (24). It is an introduction of the USDA and was developed at Beltsville, Maryland. The variety is promising, based on its performance of one sea- son’s production. It is a freestone with yellow, firm flesh of good quality. The fruit colors at- tractively, well in advance of ripening. The fruit is round and has not sized too well in the limited trial at this station. It ripens 19 days earlier than Elberta, with Scarlet Elberta and Golden- east. (U.S.PIS) Redhaven.—Originated at the Michigan Ag- ricultural Experiment Station, South Haven, Michigan. It is the result of a cross made in 1930 of Halehaven x Kalhaven (9). The variety has been criticized by some growers in Texas for ex- cessive thinning requirements, tendency of fruit to be undersized, softening rapidly after firm- ripe stage, excessive redness of the flesh and be- ing slightly pointed. As grown in this test, the trees have been rugged and productive. The fruit 30 is-attractive and colors well in advance of: ing. Heavy thinning does not exceed quired by Vedette, Ranger and other :,_ with heavy fruit bud set; it is required w‘; sons to secure proper size. The flesh is . entirely freestone when full ripe, firm ' good quality. Excessive red prevails thro flesh. It ripens 40 days ahead of Elberta l Dixigem which sizes better under the sa ditions. Each variety fills a needed place orchards of this section. (BRN) Red Rocket.——Trees supplied by Nurseries, Bridgman, Michigan. It is -' as a bud sport of Fertile Hale. The fruit is; low freestone with firm flesh and is said t 6 days later than Halehaven. At the Tyl tion the tree growth has been similar, identical to Golden Jubilee. The fruit budl very light. It has a high chilling requir There is a pronounced suture bulge on the cate-shaped fruit that is objectionable. =1 and Scarlet Elberta of this season are mo ductive. (SN) i Redrose (NJ. 98).—A freestone frui, greenish-white flesh was developed by th, Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Brunswick, New Jersey (3). Its parentag H. Hale x Delicious, the cross made in 1925' tree is spreading, of medium vigor and h 1 fair production. The flavor of the flesh a appearance of the fruit is not pleasing. It j acid flavor. Considering the fruit yield, q and appearance, it is doubtful that the v has a place in our local plantings. (TNJPC) ‘p Redskin (Md. 1-15).—Originated in _ Park, Maryland, by the University of M i Department of Horticulture and introduced‘ mercially in 1944 (9). It is a J. H. Hale > berta cross. The spreading tree is not as a as Elberta. Production of yellow-fleshed,» stone fruit is a week earlier and much h than Elberta. Fruit of Redskin is not as fi h‘ does not size as well as Elberta under drouti ditions. Because of its lower chilling requir and slightly heavier set of fruit buds it? promise for sections where Elberta has not‘ too reliable. Flavor is good, although undei tain conditions some astringency is noted. : fruit is attractive and colors well several da l, fore ripening. (BRN) a - Rio Oso Gem (USPP 84).—-Orginiated ' l Oso, California, by W. F. Yerkes. Paren 1' unknown; introduced commercially in 1933 Two sources of trees were used to obtain '6 al to represent the variety. Neither prov promising as previously reported from the N‘ doches station (21). Fruit color and size i‘ adequately thinned did not show to adva ’ The tree is a slow grower and weak, although l to support a heavy crop without undue brea, Fruit bud set is heavy and particular thinni _ i tention is required. Because of scant fo p. is reported to be 16 days earlier. .RF) most seasons, the fruit is not damaged ex- ively by peach scab and brown rot. The yel- p freestone flesh is firm and ships well. The or is good. (HBN) (PRF) j R0mance.--Introduced commercially in 1947 ,the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station, untain Grove, Missouri (9). A cross of Wilma , alehaven. Material to represent the variety '= obtained from two sources. This report cov- ‘that supplied by the originator. The spread- i tree is vigorous but sets only a medium num- , of fruit buds. It has a high cold requirement. 1- foliage was more susceptible to bacterial leaf- ‘t in 1957 than Elberta. The yellow freestone is firm, of medium texture and has a slight- lacid flavor. The ripening season at the Tyler ition is a week earlier than Elberta although (MSFES) Salberta.—This is a cross of Salwey x El- : a. Tests conducted at the Nacogdoches sta- n reported it ripening with Elberta (21). Ma- ial to represent the variety at the Tyler sta- n ripened 2 weeks after Elberta with Michi- (d. The upright tree is strong but has a light of fruit buds. Date of full bloom is the same Elberta. The yellow flesh is slightly coarse v has a tendency to cling slightly to the large, krse seed. The flavor of the firm flesh is sweet i. of good quality. The medium-sized fruit col- c well in advance of ripening. Michigold has more consistent in producing a desired mar- ing fruit. (GN) Sandhill No. 1.-—This is an Elberta-type ripening about a week before the Elberta. was found in a planting of Elberta peaches at - Sandhill, South Carolina Station by Dr. L. E. tt (14). It was thought to be superior to Sulli- i Elberta in some respects. In the Tyler plant- , it was 10 days earlier than Elberta, in the ring and Redskin season, either of which is ferred. The spreading trees are of medium or, are light bearers and susceptible to bacte- Al leafspot. The yellow flesh is medium coarse, fd has a slightly astringent flavor. It is a free- ‘ne. (U.S.PIS) Scarlet Elberta. The variety is very simi- , if not identical, to Redelberta (USPP 232) ich was grown at the Nacogdoches station l); This is particularly true for fruit charac- ‘ The trees in this test are larger, stronger, h» have been more consistent in production than viously reported for Redelberta. The fruit is y attractive, well colored with red outside, (ging from bright to__dark, before ripening. The -= is yellow with? light red throughout. It nds up well in packing and shipping. The lity is excellent. It is a freestone, ripening 2 (ks or more ahead of Elberta. (SN) — Shinn’s Delicious (USPP 15).—Originated in "sselville, Arkansas, by C. T. Shinn and L. C. Smith ( 11). It is a bud mutation of July Elberta and is reported to ripen 3 weeks earlier than its parent. At the Tyler station it ripened a week earlier than July Elberta. The tree is upright and exhibits a willowy growth. The fruit bud set is heavy, resulting in a heavy set of fruit each season. Excessive thinning failed to im- prove fruit size which ripened as medium small and was not acceptable for shipping. The fruit is a freestone with yellow flesh that has excellent quality. It is medium in texture and firmness. The foliage and fruit are more susceptible to bac- terial leafspot than the parent. (HBN) Shipper’s Late Red.—It is almost a week earlier than Elberta, which it resembles very closely. The trees are strong with a medium fruit bud set. It has not been consistent in producing good crops. The fruit is large, well colored most seasons, firm of flesh and is a good shipper. The flesh is freestone, of medium texture and slightly astringent. (BRN) Short.—Originated by J. A. Evans of Ar- lington, Texas. The tree is spreading, vigorous and can ably support a heavy load. Fruit bud set was light each season resulting in lower yields than produced by Elberta. The large fruit is at- tractive, coloring several days in advance of rip- ening. The firm flesh is yellow and freestone, with a coarse texture. Its flavor has a slight as- tringency. It ripens with Elberta. (O.S.G.PN) Skibbe’s Elberta.--This yellow-fleshed, free- stone peach originated in Eau Claire, Michigan. Its parentage is unknown. The trees are spread- ing and vigorous, but have a light fruit bud set. The well-colored fruit is small and has excellent flavor. Its flesh is slightly coarse but firm. Pro- duction was poor each season. It matures 10 days earlier than Elberta with Redskin. (TAN) Southern Glow (False Fireglow).—Origin unknown, but discovered among a lot of trees or- dered as Fireglow (8). Introduced commercially in 1951 by the Peach Ridge Farms and Nursery, Clemson, South Carolina. The trees are upright and of medium vigor. The freestone fruit does not size well under a heavy load. Its color is dull. The yellow flesh is tender, slightly watery and sweet to almost flat. The ripening date is a month earlier than Elberta in the Ranger and Sunhigh season. (PRF) Southhaven No. 20.—A selection of South- haven that ripens a week earlier than its parent. The trees are strong and upright but produce low yields. The fruit bud set is light. The large, round fruit has poor color. The yellow flesh is of medium texture and firmness. It is a freestone. It ripens with Triogem, Ranger and Sunhigh. (PRF) Southland (FV 4-155).—Material to repre- sent the variety was obtained from two sources It was originated by the USDA (9). It has a low chilling requirement, 750 hours of 45° F. or less. 31 The strong upright trees failed to produce satis- factory yields during four fruiting seasons. The yellow flesh is mostly free when tree-ripe. It is medium coarse with some stringiness noted. The quality is excellent. Triogem of the same season is more dependable and has a higher color. (BRN) (WN) Springtime.—Originated in Ontario, Califor- nia, by Armstrong Nurseries. Its parentage is (unnamed seedling of Luken’s Honey x July El- berta) x Robin (10). ‘It is reported as a yellow freestone, but trees supplied by the above nurs- ery for this test produced clingstone fruit with White flesh. The flesh was coarse, very tender and Watery with an acid flavor unless soft-ripe. The fruit colored attractively, well in advance of ripening which was May 18 at the Tyler station. The fruit bud set was good with heavy crops set. Yield was usually low, due to foliage and fruit susceptibility to bacterial leafspot and to repeated attacks by birds. Tree growth was weak, spread- ing and willowy. (AN) Starking Delicious (USPP 803).—-It is a bud mutation of July Elberta, discovered in 1944, at Dover, Arkansas, by Henry Frank Smith (9). The production has been very good with four good crops during the six fruiting seasons. The flesh is mostly cling, yellow and medium coarse in tex- ture. Its flavor is slightly acid with good qual- ity for the early season. Color of the medium- sized fruit is attractive. It is 3 days earlier than Dixigem and has a higher yield. (SBN) Stephenson.--A yellow cling developed by J. A. Evans, Arlington, Texas (21). Its fruit char- acters are excellent and much desired by the trade. The consistently low yields do not justify its planting in this section. The flesh is firm and of fine texture with a flavor that is sweet. Ex- cellent for preserving, freezing and pickling. Some prefer it to the Frank for canning. It rip- ens 2 days after Elberta. The tree is large and strong but sets a light crop of fruit buds. It has a high chilling requirement of 1,050 hours or more. (O.S.G.PN) Stoner (USPP 798).-Material to represent the variety was secured from the Peach Ridge Farm and Nursery, Clemson, South Carolina. It was described as a yellow, freestone bud sport of Early Elberta. The fruit grown in this test was a white freestone with good to excellent flavor. Its flesh had fine texture and was medium firm. The tree is strong, spreading and ably supported heavy loads. Fruit bud set is good; yields are high. Because it ripens with Elberta and the trade lacks interest in a white-fleshed peach of the season, it is not recommended for planting. (PRF) Sullivan Early Elberta.-A bud mutation of Elberta discovered by P. M. Sullivan, Zebulon, Georgia (9). The vigorous, spreading tree sets a good fruit bud crop. It has produced good crops 32 at the Tyler station 50 percent of the f,‘ years. The medium-sized fruit does not early as desired. Its flesh is yellow freesto of medium texture and firmness. The qu only fair. July Elberta (Burbank) is ‘i earlier, produces heavier yields of well v fruit. Both varieties are susceptible to :_ leafspot. (BRN) 1 Summercrest (N.J. 94)‘I—Originated f A. Blake of the New Jersey Agricultural ment Station, New Brunswick, New Jerse Its parentage is J. H. Hale x Cumberla f cross was made in 1926. As previously r (21) the variety is well adapted to East conditions and fits into the season betwee’_ deneast and Elberta. Another promisir riety, Redskin, is of the same season. EA outstanding characters that justify its use‘ tree is strong, spreading and ably supports ‘ loads. The fruit bud set is medium but‘, cient to set heavy crops most seasons. Ex thinning is not ordinarily required. The? colors well in advance of ripening. Its f slightly dull during periods of excessive r, The firm fruit is uniform in size and shape, and ships well. It is a freestone with C, flesh that has an excellent quality. To dat terial leafspot has not bothered the v (TNJ PC) ‘ Summerrose (N.J. 101).—Another r New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stat’ troductions by M. A. Blake. It is a cross o Hale x Delicious (9). It is an excellent, freestone of the July Elberta season. The um-large fruit colors well in advance of rip and is attractive. The flesh has a greenish that does not detract from its flavor appe texture is fine and medium firm. The w; spreading, vigorous and sets a heavy crop 0 buds. Light production, in addition to § flesh, limits its use for this section. (TN _ Sunday Elberta (USPP 418).—Origin Baroda, Michigan, by George P. Sunday.» parentage is unknown (9). The tree is spr and vigorous, but had a high breakage of; under a heavy crop of fruit. A heavy set a buds was made each season. During the ‘ when a heavy fruit crop was set, excessiv ning was required. However, fruit size r? reach that desired for commercial purposes i medium-small fruit is attractive and colo in advance of ripening. Its yellow flesh is. of good quality and of medium texture. f: freestone. The ripening date is with El (GN) - 1 Sun Glo (South Haven). — Origina‘ South Haven, Michigan, by A. G. Spencer; a bud mutation of St. John discovered in? (9). It has a high cold requirement; cons a, ly, the fruit bud set is limited in some As grown at the Tyler station, the tri spreading and have only medium vigor. i "rge fruit bruises easily and most seasons _ lor is dull. The yellow flesh is tender and of llent quality. It is a freestone ripening 4 1: earlier than Elberta. If the yield were er and more consistent it would be an ex- , nt variety for home use. (GN) i Sunhigh (N.J. 82). — Originated in New inswick, New Jersey, by the New Jersey Agri- ; ral Experiment Station (9). Its parentage . H. Hale x New Jersey 40 C.S. Its chief fault susceptibility to bacterial leafspot. In some ~ ns the fruit is entirely freestone, and in rs it approaches a semiclingstone even when tripe. Its chilling requirement is less than El- ; , about 750 hours. The medium-large fruit ell colored and attractive. The round-ovate tpacks and ships well and is popular with the 7 e. The flesh is yellow, freestone and firm. It excellent quality. The upright, vigorous tree lly sets a light fruit bud crop, sufficient to la good crop of fruit most seasons. It ripens inth earlier than Elberta and is of the Ranger Triogem season. An excellent variety where j? rial leafspot is not a problem. (TNJ PC) ~Texaberta.—Originated in Belton, Texas, by i . Griffith and introduced commercially in f} (9). Its parentage is unknown. Its behavior - e tests at Tyler is similar to that reported H the Nacogdoches station (21). Inconsistent uction of profitable crops and a very light ‘of fruit buds are its chief faults. The tree is medium in vigor and was short lived in this . The large, round-ovate fruit had good color , seasons. The yellow flesh is firm but coarse fxture. The flavor is dry with a trace of as- ency even in full-ripe fruit. It is a freestone p ripens a week earlier than Elberta. (WN-1) ‘Triogem (NJ. 70).—Another origination of ' New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, l Brunswick, New Jersey (21). Its parentage 7 H. Hale x Marigold, the cross being made in .. The variety is of the Sunhigh and Ranger _ n and has proved itself commercially in the onville section over a period of years. The l are strong and upright, with a tendency to d and the ability to size a heavy crop. The f bud set is generous, yet it is not considered a highly prolific variety. The fruit is medi- yge and the color is excellent for display in ‘small and large packs. The fruit ripens slow- d can be harvested for shipping several days “e fully ripe. The yellow flesh is mostly free e seed. The quality is good. Some have crit- fl- the lack of high color of fruit especially on growing young trees or during periods of ex- ve rainfall and cloudy days. (TNJPC) Tulip-Originated in Mountain Grove, Mis- ', by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment 'on. It is an open-pollinated seedling of Sun- ‘ (9). The chilling requirement is high. Its Q bud set is moderate and bloom is light. The is vigorous and spreading. The fruit, as grown at Tyler, is a cling rather than freestone as previously reported (9). The flesh is yellow, slightly coarse in texture and of medium firm- ness. Its flavor is astringent. It ripens with Red- cap and Coronet, either of which varieties is pre- ferred. (PRF) Vedette.—Orginated in Vineland, Ontario, Canada, by the Ontario Horticultural Experiment Station. It is an open-pollinated seedling of El- berta (9). The report on its behavior at the Nacogdoches station during the 1938-48 period was favorable (21). Similar performance has been observed at the Tyler station during the 1949-57 period. The tree is strong, vigorous and spreading. It has the ability to support heavy loads and size the fruit. The fruit bud set is good each season. Thus far, bacterial leafspot has not attacked either foliage or fruit to any extent. It is consistent in setting heavy crops and excessive thinning is required most years. It has a high chilling requirement. The fruit is well colored several days in advance of ripening and can be shipped. It makes an attractive pack. The flesh is yellow, firm and hasan excellent quality. It is a semi-clingstone. It ripens 3 weeks ahead of Elberta with Halehaven and has proved more dependable than the latter variety. (BRN) Ventura.--Originated in Riverside, Califor- nia, by the University of California Citrus Ex- periment Station and the California Agricultural Extension Service, Ventura, California. Its par- entage is Hermosa x an early yellow-fleshed free- stone seedling (71-9). First released in 1946 as Seedling 202-10 (7). It has a lower chilling re- quirement than Babcock. On the basis of two fruiting seasons, the variety was very promising for those sections where a very low chiller is need- ed, until bacterial leafspot showed during 1957. It proved very susceptible to the disease; the tree was bare of foliage early in June and fruit was extensively damaged before the hard-ripe stage was reached. The yellow flesh is firm and has fine texture. Its flavor is slightly acid. The flesh tends to cling slightly unless full-ripe. It ripens with July Elberta (Burbank). (FN) Veteran.-—Originated in Vineland, Ontario, Canada, at the Ontario Horticultural Experiment Station and introduced commercially in 1928 (9). Its parentage is Vaughan x Stark Early Elberta. In spite of its high cold requirements, 1,050 hours,- the variety has been dependable in production at the Nacogdoches (21) and Tyler stations. ‘Sixty percent of its fruiting years at Nacogdoches, 1940- 46, it had good crops, while 67 percent good crops were produced at Tyler during 1951-57. The trees are upright and strong. Fruit bud set is light in some seasons, with a tendency most seasons to produce considerable blind budwood. The fruit is round and makes a pleasing pack. The color is not as rich as that of Vedette or Redskin. Its aroma and quality have been rated by many to be superior to any of the varieties tested. The flesh is yellow and variable in its adherence to 33 the seed as some fruits are semicling while others are freestone. It might be considered more free than semicling. Its flesh is firm and of medium texture. Since Redskin has a lower chilling re- quirement, a more attractive fruit color, the same ripening period and is equally productive, it might take the place of Veteran in most East Texas or- chards. (BRN) Western Pride.—Originated in Fresno county, California, by Carlton Nursery Company, Forest Grove, Oregon (12). It is said to be an improved Rochester. The tree is strong, upright and ably supports a heavy load. It is very prolific and re- quires excessive thinning to secure fruit size. Its production record during six fruiting seasons shows 83 percent of the years with good crops. In three of the seasons, it had very heavy yields. It ripens with July Elberta (Burbank) which it resembles in fruit characters. It has not proven as susceptible to bacterial leafspot as July El- berta (Burbank). The shape of the fruits some seasons has been somewhat objectionable because of a prolonged tip. The flesh is yellow, firm and has a medium-fine texture. Its flavor is sweet and of good quality. It is a freestone. Should its lack of susceptibility to bacterial leafspot contin- ue, it could be considered for orchards of this sec- tion to precede Elberta by some 4 weeks. (CNC) White Hale (N.J. 63) (USPP 31). -- Origina- ted in New Brunswick, New Jersey, by the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a cross of J. H. Hale x Belle made in 1922 (9). The tree is medium in vigor and sturdy, but is a slow grower. Apparently its chilling requirement is higher than formerly thought since considerable blind budwood is produced most seasons. Its pro- duction has not been heavy enough to warrant its growth in commercial orchards. The fruit bud set is light. The fruit is attractively colored well in advance of ripening. Under a moderate set of fruit, the size is unusually large, many fruits be- ing calipered at 41/2 to 5‘ inches in diameter. The flesh is white with considerable streaking of red throughout. It is medium in texture and firmness with a tendency to be tender in certain areas. The flavor is slightly tart to sour. The round fruit is a freestone that ripens a few days after Elberta. (TNJ PC) Wildrose (N.J. 118).--It is another of the New Jersey introductions that ripens at the Tyler station about June 20. These are Cumberland, Golden Jubilee, Newday, Oriole, Raritan Rose, Sunhigh and Triogem. Its parentage is J. H. Hale x Delicious (9). The yield is too low for a white- fleshed freestone ripening at this season; Raritan Roseis more productive. (TNJPC) Wilma.—It was grown from a pit of Elberta by W. C. Rofhar, Port Clinton, Ohio. The first budding was done in 1911. (17). Its performance as reported from the Nacogdoches station (21) was fairly satisfactory. It was not placed on the recommended list for East Texas plantings. The 34 performance of the variety at the Tyler. 7 was disappointing. The trees are spreadin and have a very light set of fruit buds. _ low, freestone fruit is supposed to follow é berta season. At Nacogdoches it was ’ earlier and in this test it ripened 12 days be ‘ parent. The flesh is coarse and has a flav is slightly acid. (GN) t Yates Elberta.—A yelldw-fleshed, fr fruit ripening 2 days later than Elberta. 3 TABLE 8. LIST OF UNNAMED PEACH SELECTIONS . AT TYLER, 1949-57, WHICH WERE NOT I i’ IN PERFORMANCE TABLES AND VA IR CUSSIONS. A NUMBER OF NAMED V - ARE SHOWN WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN TEST LONG ENOUGH TO PROVIDE CON t. RESULTS . Selection or variety h) Valigold, Palomar (Nectarine Source Armstrong Nurseries Ontario, California Department ot Horticulture A. &M. College System College Station. Texas Kirby Nursery ‘Mt. Selman, Texas Peach Ridge Farms Clemson. South Carolina A 100-1 Richhaven, Sunhaven Early Burbank Iuly Elberta“ Early Burbank Iuly Elberta, Early Burbank Iuly Elberta q Early Burbank Iuly Elberta Icy Delight. Keystone (FV ‘ M. A. Blake (NI 117). No. L17; (FV-20). Redglobe (37399), Fay. So Good, Somervee, . (NI 133), Supernuts, Vangut Texas Agricultural Late Elberta , = Experiment Station Montague. Texas Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Stephenville, Texas The Grant Merrill Orchards Red Bluti. California WCT-I, WCT-II C4-43, C7-43, C9-16. C9-122. C9-2l6. C12-6, C12-16, C14-2. , Cl4-38, C14-96, C16-51. Cl7-l9., C17-50, C17-63. C17-101, C18-6 (Nectarine), C18-8 (Ne, C18-20 (Nectarine), C20-52, F, C21-66, C24-10. C3-43, CD-lp 107 ' The New Iersey Constitution (NI 176) Peach Council Princeton. New Iersey The Vienna Nursery Vienna. Illinois (Selections from Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station) USDA Plant Nursery Station Beltsville. Maryland K-61, K-62, K-71, K-76,K-78,K- K-105, K-111, K-124, K-125.' 3-15A-1 (K-128). 2-4A-8, 3-4-1, 2-7A-18, 3-14-39, 3-18-42, 3-22-2.‘ . 3. 3-20-2, 1-27-13 ‘ 7230. 7426, 8639, 10362, 10365, 2-1856 (Nectarine), 3-1284 (Ne 3-1406 (Nectarine), 3-1827 (Ne, B3-567, 33-641, 33-736. 33-744, I 33-777, 33-854, B3-1649, 33-1 _ . 2539. B6-348, B6-643, 36-649. _ 36-741, 37-753, 37-1029. 37-1 134, 39-286, 39-647. 311-208, 3- FV 89-14, FV 90-25, FV 110, FV I FV 131-50, FV177-28 USDA Horticultural Field Laboratory Fort_ Valley, Georgia Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Blacksburg, Virginia 4-36, 5-64. 10-5 (Nectarine), (Nectarine), VPI-34N (Nect VPI-37N (Nectarine), VPI-41N' tarine), VPI-43N (Nectarine) rong, spreading and able to support a heavy Production has been too lightfor the sea- , During the 1957 season, bacterial leafspot ed severe damage to the foliage but did not any appreciable loss of fruit. (PRF) Other Varieties Grown , Table 8 shows 122 peach and nectarine selec- w and named varieties. Performance records been obtained on most of the selections. e information has been obtained on most of named varieties but is not adequate to aid in p: ing an opinion as to the real merit of the ,"ety. A report on the performance of any individ- rvariety or selection can be obtained by con- ping the Horticulturist, Texas Agricultural eriment Station, Tyler, Texas. , RECOMMENDED VARIETIES FOR I EAST TEXAS p Three principal types of orchards to be con- red in recommending a list of peach varieties the home orchard, plantings of several acres supplying roadside stands and nearby mar- wand large plantings to be used mainly for ‘ping to distant markets. For Home Orchard l, Although the success of home orchards and ll acreage plantings is questionable in East _». s, some new plantings are made each season. f A number of the more recent introductions I g with some of the older ones will supply the 4 e orchardist with yellow-fleshed varieties 'ch ripen from late May through mid-August. I majority are of high quality and are desir- .- for fresh eating, dessert, freezing, pickling 1» canning. h, The following varieties cover these require- 1 ts (dates are main harvest or full ripe) : May , une 5, Hiland, Cardinal and Dixired; June 5- Redcap, Jerseyland and Coronet; June 15-25, haven, Dixigem and Triogem; June 25-July anger, July Elberta (Burbank) and Vedette; ,1 5-15, Scarlet Elberta and Loring; July 15- , eteran, Redskin, Summercrest and Brackett; H‘ 25-August 5, Elberta; and August 5-15, Af- low, Frank and Michigold. Roadside Stands and Nearby Markets ' The varieties suggested for home orchard ting, with few exceptions, have good to very 4 yields and have overlapping ripening per- p. Such a combination assures a continuous ply of fruit for 2% months, June 1 to August In those areas where interest in white-fleshed varieties justifies their being grown we sug- gest Maybelle, June 3; Raritan Rose, June 20; Melba, June 24 and Laterose, August 2. For Shipping The commercial orchardist interested in ship- ping to distant markets is confronted with the problem of selecting a few varieties having heavy yields of fruit with high standards of appear- ance, firmness and quality, in order to have suf- ficient acreage of each variety to attract buyers interested in wholesale lots. The following list of nine varieties selected on the basis of their performance with commer- cial growers, and in our test, should meet the re- quirements of the commercial orchardist. Dates shown are average for full ripe. Cardinal, June 3; Coronet, June 13; Triogem, June 22; Ranger, June 26; Scarlet Elberta, July 10; Loring, July 15; Redskin, July 19; Elberta, July 27 and Frank, August 10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his apprecia- tion to those contributing planting material for this study. He is especially grateful to D. R. King, assistant professor, Department of Entomology, and A. Leon Havis, senior pomologist, Plant In- dustry Station, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, for their constructive review of this bulletin. LITERATURE CITED (1) Blake,‘ M. A. 1943. Classification of fruit bud development on peaches and nectarines and its signifi- cance in cultural practice. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 706. (2) Blake, M. A. and Connors, C. H. 1936. Early results of peach breeding in New Jersey. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 599. (3) Blake, M. A. and Edgerton, L. J. 1946. Breed- ing and improvement of peach varieties in New Jersey. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 726. (4) Blake, M. A. and Edgerton, L. J. 1946. Stand- ards for classifying peach characters. Their use in ident- ifying New Jersey peach varieties. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 728. (5) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1944. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 45:467-490. (6) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1950. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 56:509-537. (7) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1951. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 58:386-407. (8) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1952. Reg‘- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 60:497-504. 35 (9) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1952-. Reg- ister of New Fruit "and Nut Varieties, 1920-1950. Univ. of Calif. Press. 206 pp. (10) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1953. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 62:513-526. (11) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1954. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 64:535-549. (12) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 1955. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 66:445-454. (1a) Brooks, Reid M. and Olmo, H. P. 195s. Reg- ister of new fruit and nut varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 68:611-631. (14) Havis, A. Leon. Correspondence of May 15, 1953. (15) Havis, A. Leon. Correspondence of January 2', 1958. (16) Hedrick, U. P., e2 al. 1917. The peaches of New York. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. Rpt. 1916. Pt. II. » 7 " (17) Hedrick, U. P. 192s. New or _’ fruits, VI. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. i-y (18) Hedrick, U. P. 192s. New or n“ fruits, IX. N. Y. (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. B’ (19) Hesse, O. Claron. 1950. Philp a* Two new nectarines for California. Calif. Agr. ‘ Bul. 717. ' (20) King, n. R. and M55158, H. F. 195 and plum insects and their control. Tex. Agr. - Misc. Pub. 190. ' (21) Morris, H. F. 1947. Peach varieties? tral East Texas. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 687,. (22) U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook of L‘ 1937. pp. 676-677. i (23) USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, '7 Maryland. Release of May 8, 1952. (24) USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, Maryland. Release of May 11, 1954. (25) Weinberger, J. H. 1950. Chilling:- ments of peach varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. ii 56:122-128. ‘