B-lll8 April I972 ‘Indoor ‘Lat dscaping With ‘Living; Foliage ‘Plants exas A&M University The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, H. O. Kunkel, Acting Director, College Station Philodendron pertussunz in same location for 26 months. Plzilodendrorz pandumfornze 0n totcm polc as indoor land- scape accent plant. COVER PHOTO: Indoor planting with no natural light (after 3 years). . .................................................................................................................. __ 4 is in Building Interiors __________________________________________________________________________ __ 5 l’ Indoor Landscapes ______________________________________________________________________________ __ 5 ‘Plants for Indoor Landscapes ___________________________________________________________ __ 5 vironmental Factors ___________________________________________________________________________ __ 6 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __ 6 f» rature ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ __ 6 a _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __ '7 ffdity ......................................................................................................... .. 7 oisture and Nutrients _______________________________________________________________________ __ 7 if Indoor Plants for Long-term Satisfaction .................................. __ 7 FProcedures ______________________________________________________________________________________________ __ 8 ‘iFertilizers ______________________________________________________________________________________________ __ 8 f} Temperature ............................ _______________________________________________________ __ 8 Training and Cleaning Plants .......................................................... __ 8 g Troubles ............................................................................................ __1() i1 Marketing Long-lasting Foliage Plants ........................................ ._1() i ntal Requirements ............................................................................. __12 Selected List of Exotic Plants and fl Their Adaptability to Building Interiors .................................... __l5 Maintenance Requirements ...................................................... __l5 I Requirements ...................................................................................... _.15 oisture Requirements ....................................................................... ._l5 i Use Requirements .............................................................................. ..15 Most Adaptable Plants with endations for Location and Use ____________________________________________________ __l6 Specific Uses of Plants for Indoor Gardening _____________________________ __l8 Pat Will Grow in Water .................................................................... ..l8 iat Will Withstand Most House Conditions and Abuse ........................................................ __lS I Trailing Plants for ‘Poles and Trained Plants ................................................................. __l8 at Do YVell Under Average Home Conditions ........................... __l8 at WillifSurvive With a Minimum t of Sunlight for Several Months ..................................................... “l8 at Withstand Dry, I/Varm Locations .............................................. __l9 dell Suited for Large Tubbed Decorative Specimens .................... ._l9 oping Plants for Ground Covers _€ ior Planting Boxes ............................................................................. __l9 itable for Hanging Baskets ............................................................... ..l9 §ummary Extensive marketing investigations, consumer preference studies and research on the adaptability of foliage plants for use in building interiors indicate that the market demand for tropical foliage plants will continue to increase and expand greatly if high quality plants can be produced and made available to the public. More and larger plants will have to be produced for use in high light intensity areas such as show windows, covered malls, patios and such. This will mean the production of large specimens of cacti, succulents, Crotons, Sansevierias and Bromeliads. More larfre, trained plants on totem poles, hang- ing totem poles, hanging baskets, bromeliads and ferns in hanging containers and on other supports will be in demand. YVeII-establishetl planted arrange- ments for various interior and exterior uses will be needed. Most of all, information on the proper loca- tions in which to place the plants and planters will be required. The plants will have to be grown and established in ornamental containers, planter boxes and tubs. The trend toward apartment living has increased the demand for medium and large planter boxes and arrangements. The information provided will have to include the scientific name, native habitat, desirable interior location and proper subsequent care of the plants and planters.’ Much of this will be demanded by con- sumers to satisfythe increasing “collector" desires for various groups of tropical plants such as cacti, suc- culents, Bromeliads, Peperomias, Philodendrons, ges- neriads and such. Most of these services will have to be provided by the grower. The wider the variety of types and kinds of plants available, the more difficult it will be for the “plastics” to compete. Fifteen years of study on the adaptability of these plants to building interiors and the problems encountered by consumers using these plants has shown that the main concern of the consumer is how long the plant will stay in good condition in a given 4 location and what he can do to keep it in dition. This indicates that the consumer's < cern is to keep the plant in the conditio l he purchased it. This has made it possi pile a list of specific details that can be the consumer to assist him in keeping o- healthy condition to fit into certain situat' home or building where they will be use " These specific details for consumer _ _ can be provided through the retailer by f card attached to each plant or planter s details follow. "f 1. Air-conditioning is not detrimenta plants. 2. Plants should not be placed in ‘_ light. f 3. Plants should be kept in oé approximately 60° F. ; 4. Plants should be watered light frequently. ” 5. Fertilizers should be applied ligh frequently. l. 6. Trained plants on totem poles an should have the tips pinched 0c , the shape is to be maintained. 7. When, and if, weak spindly U on plants, it should be removed i plant compact. , When such specific information is g the consumer and he puts it into practice much more interested in and pleased with This will not only maintain the demand plants, but as consumers learn that cari ’ plants is not a difficult and time-cons their interest will increase and the dema increase. They will not only find new a uses for plants, but they will become ac_ them; and will not want to be without: will they be satisfied with plastic imitati, ‘oughout human history the magic in plants ers has captured the imagination of man. '0ns, from ancient times, have shared a love mental plants for various reasons. These rea- ge from mere fascination, or perhaps an in- cling for the qualities of animation in grow- l ts or for the natural beauty of plants and ' to the satisfaction gained from something that j cultivated, much like the appreciation of fine I fine art. Whatever the reason, multitudes e, particularly in oriental countries and in Europe, continue to buy and use plants and in their homes even when it means they must me of the necessities of life. “nt trends and changes in the mode of mod- g in this country have been responsible for , tion in indoor plants and gardening. This flted in an almost complete change from gar- 'ndoors to indoor designing with plants, or to i andscaping. F PLANTS IN BUILDING INTERIORS use of plants in building interiors has be- f» only fashionable but necessary. Architects decorators realize the value of the at- I3 of warmth and life created by living plants. ntly, the design of contemporary homes and V now almost always includes locations suit- i» living plants. More conventionally designed owever, also afford appropriate settings, but g thought may have been given to the use and interior plantings when these structures Migned, the choices-of good locations for plants ore limited. r Indoor Landscapes use of plants in indoor landscaping now prom extensive covered malls in urban shop- jas, through commercial and public building oor ‘Landscaping ' ‘Living ‘Foliage ‘Plants WERTH, Professor, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences interiors, to modern homes with large expanses of glass, to older homes and apartments where the dish garden and portable planter have become decorative design features. IVhiIe credit must be given the architects and decorators for demonstrating the design value of liv- ing indoor plants, they can offer little, if any, assist- ance in determining the selection, culture and main- tenance of such plants and plantings. The increasing interest in indoor landscaping with living plants must be fostered and developed by horticulturists who must make available a wider variety of types and sizes of desirable plants so that regardless of the type of indoor landscaping required, a suitable list of plants can be provided that will allow for a wider selection of forms, textures and colors. Selecting Plants for Indoor Landscapes In choosing plants for interior landscaping, two considerations are of primary importance: (l) the location of the plants and (2) the size of plant to use. These considerations are important because the loca- tion willdetermine to a large extent which plants can be used most satisfactorily and the size suitable for the particular surroundings. The specific requirements themselves are often overemphasized in selecting plants for indoor loca- tions. To begin with, the basic approach should not be “how to grow these plants" but rather “how do these plants grow?" NVhen this basic concept is under- stood, properly selected living plants will provide great satisfaction for almost unbelievable periods of time. The indoor gardener when shown how to appreciate the growth and development of a living plant will soon be dissatisfied with a plastic replica Mention of a trademark or a proprietary product does not con- stitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and (loos not imply its ap- proval to the exclusion of other products that may also he suitable. 5 of the real thing, since there is n0 imitation for life itself. Plants groxvn indoors are often subjected to prob- lems that would not arise outdoors. Outdoor grown plants can often adjust to faulty culture and main- tenance. For example, when the soil becomes water- logged, the roots may spread out or develop on the surface, and the plant survives. Plants grown in the limited environments of building interiors, however, are completely at the mercy of the grower. In the restrictions of a planter box, flower pot or tub, there is no other place for root development if they are flooded. Therefore, they are more subject to damage from mishandling than those grown outdoors. The person who is to maintain an indoor land- scape will benefit more from a basic knowledge of plant growth than from any instructions he might receive on how to grow specific plants. The processes that determine how a plant grows are controlled by the environment, the factors of which are light, tem- perature, gases, humidity, soil moisture and nutrients. All of these factors are interrelated, and all effect the height, strength and health of the plant. Indoor Environmental Factors The selection of plants for indoor landscaping, therefore, is dependent upon the environment. The problem can be approached in two ways: (l) the plant may be selected to suit the environment which exists in any given location, or (2) the environment may be changed to suit the plant selected. Light One of the most important above-ground factors of plant environment is light. The most efficient and abundant source of light is the sun. Light has three main characteristics: brightness or intensity, the length of day or duration and the kind or color of the light which is called light quality. The process of food manufacture in plants is largely regulated by light intensity, and the more food the plant produces, the better it will grow. There are many exceptions to this, however. Many plants used for indoor landscapes cannot tolerate bright light. Those that originate in dense forests and jungles are usually injured when they are placed in high light intensities, while those from desert areas require high light conditions. Therefore, in selecting plants suitable for indoor landscaping, a knowledge of the origin of the plant is usually desirable. Relative light intensities are important in main- taining proper light forms under interior conditions. In general, the higher the light intensity, the shorter the plant. Also, when the light source is unilateral, or falls only on one side of the plant, the plant will be bent away from the dark side. 6 The quality of light is not important plants are grown entirely under natural sunli it is of; considerable importance when artifici is provided for interior landscapes. Light with ~_ amount of red rays tends to make stems elon is important in securing daylength effects. yi- in blue rays tends to produce short, stocky Most types of incandescent lanips emit light wi red rays, and, in general, fluorescent lamps j light rich in the blue or red part of the spec ' sometimes both depending upon the type When artificial light is used as a supplem light quality and the temperature effects are ~ tively minor importance because the principal of light will be sunlight. When only artificial used the most suitable source to now is the , cent tube. These lamps can be placed close plants if necessary and will give a fairly hi intensity with a minimum of heat. A good _, follow in the use of these tubes is to have hi light and half natural white tubes. This W duce light excellent in both the blue and r: lengths. In some locations, a mixture of i cent and fluorescent light sources may be d‘ and incandescent spot or flood lights can be p ' Where artificial light is the sole light soui lights should be used for l2 to 16 hours dur' 24-hour cycle unless some of the plants bein are sensitive to day length. For this to be v and effective, the lights should be switched 5 on automatically by a time clock. Under most conditions, enough lights should be installed vide an illumination of from 200 to 500 foot‘ depending upon the kinds and types of plan grown. I Recently, new fluorescent tubes have bee { duced especially for horticultural use that pr" be more satisfactory. These tubes emit a pi . and can be used in any standard fluorescent l. They emit light high in both the blue and red and are sold under trade names. l Temperature Temperature plays an important rolef, growth since it largely determines the rate a plant processes occur. .In general, plants r lower night temperature than day temperatur modern building interiors are usually warm, if foliage plants are especially suited to this g ment. All of the plants adaptable for interior tion will provide satisfaction for long period's‘ if a daytime temperature of 70 to 75 degrees‘ heit, and a night temperature of 60 to 65: Fahrenheit can be maintained. In general, - high light intensities will thrive in the up of this temperature range and those in low lit develop and grow best at the lower limits. Mar belief, airconditioning is more beneficial I imental to good plant growth. 7 gases in the air in the average building are to support good plant growth, although the re in a tightly closed area might become ‘for optimum growth. In most buildings, the and closing of doors and windows and the leaks around these openings permit the ‘ air changes. However, when artificial heat- _ cooling are used the year round, occasional 0f doors and windows to induce a change of be beneficial. This should be accomplished i a cold draft on the plants. iy:" harmful to plants in building interiors j arise only from the incomplete combusion of . or artificial gas, oil or coal. Some plants are lore susceptible to injury from these noxious Van others. ~ amount of moisture in the air at any given ’ referred to as humidity. However, careful to the maintenance requirements of plants doors makes the control of this factor less nt than it has been in the past. Proper care 'ding the soil moisture requirements and the temperature and light needs will do much to I the detrimental effects of low humidities. i; idifying systems are helpful but are seldom ntly effective for plant growth. The most 'al method of supplying humidity will come * ringing the plants at intervals with tepid ‘This raises the humidity temporarily and also " dust and lint from the foliage. Where i‘, good ventilation should be provided and y humiditiy of 35 to 45 percent should be "ned. isture and Nutrients _- soil used for supporting the plants in build- eriors as well as out of doors must perform ain functions. (l) It acts as a reservoir for i» nutrients. (2) It is a sponge from which _ w water. (S) It is a source of oxygen for the 1 soil or growing medium for plants growing i. should be loose; and friable. It should have 'r spaces and should crumble readily between ers when handled in potting and planting. ' d also be capable of retaining these properties ~ mely long periods of time. In other words, ld not pack, even after extended periods of ils used for plants and plantings for indoor 'on should contain only moderate supplies of nutrients because highly fertile media can be very detrimental. The moisture level in the soil will require care- ful management. A deficiency of moisture for ex- tended periods will cause wilting and slowing of all growth processes. Severe wilting and moisture defi- ciency in the soil can cause death to some plant cells and later browning and drying of the leaf margins. When the amount of moisture is excessive, the water fills the air spaces in the soil and prevents the plant from obtaining the oxygen required for the roots to carry on respiration or “breathing." The activity of the roots slows and eventually stops, caus- ing them to die, which later results in the death of the leaves and stems. Oxygen deficiency in the soil is, therefore, due either to overwatering or poor soil drainage caused by packing or improper preparation. Summary of proper plant selection. l. In growing plants for interior decoration, carefully consider each factor of the prevailing envir- onment in its relationship to all other factors neces- sary for good plant growth. For example, the best possible soil mixture will not grow good plants if the proper light, temperature or water requirements are not provided. 2. Study carefully the environment of the loca- tions in which you wish to place the plants. 3. Select the plants from the lists provided in the following pages that will be most adaptable to the environment or change the environment to suit the plants you want. 4. Research on the adaptability of many plants suitable for indoor landscaping and interior decora- tion has made it possible to group these plants into use groups for various environments. These lists are included as Appendix I and Appendix II. MAINTENANCE OF INDOOR PLANTS FOR LONG-TERM SATISFACTION The proper selection of plants is the first con- sideration for long-term satisfaction, but the proper maintenance of the plantings afterward is of equal or perhaps greater importance. The plants normally will be planted in approxi- mately the size and form required for a particular decorative purpose. Such plants, then, are most desir- able when they make only very slow growth and maintain generally attractive proportions. When these plants make rapid growth indoors (except in locations where the light requirements are at the optimum), they produce a soft, spindling growth and unattractive appearance. The primary consideration in maintaining indoor plantings, therefore, is to keep the plants and plantings in good, green, healthy con- dition at all times by properly managing the environ- mental factors and in training the plants to remain 7 attractive in these environments for extended periods of time. Planting Procedures Plants can be readily “trained” t0 remain attrac- tive for long periods of time while making growth only at a very slow rate. The first consideration is to keep the soil or growing medium moderately dry. The best method to use in accomplishing this is “double potting” which can be accomplished in the following manner: plants well established and hard- ened off in clay pots are placed in other containers at least 2 inches larger in diameter than the clay pot. The area around and above the clay pots in the other containers or planter boxes is then filled with a mix- ture of peat and perlite, peat-moss or sphagnum moss which has been thoroughly moistened before it is used. The plants should be watered well at the time of the “double potting” operation. The soil around the roots in the clay pot dries slowly over a period of several days or weeks. Water is never again applied to the soil within the clay pots but only to the material surrounding the outside of these pots. By using this method of watering, the soil around the plant roots is kept moderately but safely dry for relatively long periods of time, and this is conducive to slow, healthy and attractive growth of plants for indoor decoration. When new plantings are made using the “double pot” method, they may need additional wa- ter fairly often during the first few weeks after plant- ing. However, after they have adjusted to the new environment, less frequent applications of water will be required. The basic consideration is to prevent the plantings, old or new, from wilting. Overwater- ing can be avoided by never putting additional water in the soil immediately around the roots in the clay pot. Keeping the soil wet produces soft, spindly un- attractive growth, favors the development of plant diseases and causes the loss of the lower leaves on the plants. Soils and Fertilizers Extensive research during the past l0 years at The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station has shown that an excellent growing medium for plants used in indoor situations can be prepared as follows: 1/_, bushel sphagnum peat moss l/Z bushel horticultural grade perlite 2 ounces 2O percent superphosphate 2 ounces dolomitic limestone 2 ounces gypsum 4 ounces slowly available complete fertilizer (1- 2-1 ratio) The mixture is approximately 50 percent in weight than mixtures containing garden soi materials are readily available, sterile, unif grade and reasonable in cost. The mixture d; shrink or compact when watered over long of time, it is well drained and soil disease p are reduced. _ _ The maintenance of soil ifertility in ind y ing is closely related to the maintenance of ture. Moderation is extremely important in -._ general, when the sole light source is artificii the plants will require only about 3O percent fertilization as those grown in natural light. . feeding of a liquid fertilizer, commonly house plants, applied every 6 months will be s ‘ Light and Temperature ; The light intensities given on the lists of, plants are the minimum preferences and t for plants to be grown for several years und conditions. However, all the plants on the :_ grow and remain attractive for a period of 1 or longer at light intensities much lower t v shown on the lists. For instance, the pla under low, medium and high light inten remain healthy and attractive for a period or longer at the following minimum light i l if the light is provided for l6 hours per 24-h, Low light requirement 15 to 25 foot-candles y Medium light a requirement 30 to 50 foot-candles i High light ? requirement 60 to» 100 foot-candles; The maintenance of minimum light} ments is not as exacting as might be vi ally the brighter the light provided, the period of illumination required. For e foot-candles of light supplied for l0 hours tain some plants as well as 20 foot-candl supplied for 16 hours daily. i The kind of light provided is also im maintaining good appearance of indoor extended periods of time. When only the . type of fluorescent light is used, the col, plants takes on a cold or faded ap-pearan‘ rich, healthy, green appearance is diminii addition of incandescent light overcomes t able effect and improves the health of g Incandescent light can be provided by s spotlights or floodlights. These lamps f light intensities without affecting the u» temperatures and are effective for accentin plantings in indoor landscapes. ‘ Pruning, Training and Cleaning Plants Many plants now used for indoor A and as individual specimen plants in tubs, Dieffenbachia amoena After l5 months in same location in bank lobby. fm variegatum in same location for 30 months. trained and grown to provide a certain form 0r pur- pose. Some pinching, pruning and training will be required t0 keep these plants within bounds and maintain a healthy condition. When the indoor plantings have been established for some time, the growing tips of the plants may be removed by pinch- ing. This causes the plant to branch out with several stems and helps it maintain its original shape and form. Pinching and training indoor plants and plant- ings should be done according to a definite plan and predetermined schedule before the plant grows out of bounds or becomes spindly and weak. Plants used in indoor plantings for several years that have out- grown their required shape and form will often re- quire more severe pruning and should be cut back and shaped to force them to retain their original compact and desirable form. When a planned and scheduled program of pinching and training is fol- lowed, this is usually unnecessary. Indoor plants must contend with another prob- lem to which outdoor plants are seldom exposed. This is dust. When the leaves are covered with dust, they cannot carry on transpiration in a normal man- ner. To keep leaves free of dust, clean them once or twice a month with a soft camel’s hair brush or a damp cloth or sponge. Many commercial firms which plant and main- tain indoor plantings use various materials to make the foliage shine. The materials used for this pur- pose are skim or nonfat milk, or mild soap and water solutions. Several commercial leaf polishes are avail- able. If such materials are used, water the plants several hours before application to avoid burning the foliage. Avoid the use of oil of any kind. A high shine can be placed on the foliage of in- door plants by a gentle rubbing with soft cheesecloth or a fine camel's hair or sable brush. The natural oils in the leaves will produce a high gloss. Plants with pubescent leaves such as African Vio- lets will benefit from an occasional syringing with clean warm water at room temperature. This routine washing will also help keep the plants free of mealy- bug, thrips and mites. ' Summary of maintenance requirements. 1. Plants should be watered lightly and infre- quently. 2. They should not be placed in direct sunlight. 3. Keep in temperatures of 6O degrees or above. 4. Fertilize lightly only once every 6 months. 5. Air conditioning is not detrimental to foliage plants (when they are properly hardened off before they are sold). 1O Diagnosing Troubles Some symptoms of common foliage plan which may arise under indoor conditions, causes, are ‘ 1. Lower leaves turn yellow and drop slightest touch — usually t)ve__rzuatering. 2. Burned margins or librown tips onji allowed to become too dry for short pe ‘g much fertilizer- low temperatures. ‘ 3. Yellowing and dropping of leaves levels on plant-gas fumes, chilling, oveg poor drainage and aeration. * 4. Small leaves-poorly drained soil, . mixture — soil too dry over long periods. 5. Weak growth, light green or yellow too much light, root rot, poor root system. i 6. Yellow, wilted-soft gr0zuth—t00 . perature — root injury. f 7. Small leaves, long internodes—la ficient light-high temperatures. ‘ PRODUCING AND MARKET] if LONG-LASTING FOLIAGE PLA Although marketing data indicate thi‘ sumer demand for foliage plants is stead ing, many growers are experiencing difficul ing their present production at a profit. i some of the reasons for this apparent c0 y The development of life-like plastics, the more commonly grown tropical fol, cannot be overlooked, but its importance: be overemphasized, nor should it be cons trend that will lead the foliage plant u; oblivion. Whatever the underlying reas use of plastic plants, being inexpensive is them. The cost of large specimens is vi? five times the cost of a living plant of th The problem most responsible for y marketing inconsistencies is the failure of. a whole to produce high quality plants always, is blamed upon poor market retu i cases, poor market returns have been the of poor quality production in an effort t, competition one of price only. This ever increasing amount of low quality, all merchandise reaching the market. While? tion is now improving, it is still serious. Quality production is the first, an most important, consideration in improvi 5 ket since price is not a serious limiting fa sumer demand. Consumer preference s, definitely proved that consumers want, a _ foliage plants rather extensively if they V,‘ high quality plants, properly identified, wl Oakleaf Croton Photographed after 38 months in the same building interior location. Schefflera digitata Photographed after 5 years in same location in public build- ing foyer. ‘ll information on their habit of growth, subsequent care and use in the home. Only when these require- ments have been met does price appear to enter into buying decisions. One reason the present market situation exists is that the grower who finishes foliage plants for the consumer market gives them improper environment and care when he receives them from the propagator or supplier. This is further intensified by the im- proper care given them in retail outlets before they are purchased by the consumer. Thus, even high quality, smaller plants eventually may reach the con- sumer as low quality plants. Most of the foliage plants grown today are na- tive to tropical areas—either rain-forests or deserts. It is extremely important that producer, seller and consumer realize this to understand the cultural re- quirements involved in maintaining these plants in good condition. Environmental Requirements Temperature control is very important in pro- ducing quality plants. Night temperatures from 70° to 75° F are imperative, and day temperatures should be kept from 85° to 90° F. Many growers receive these plants from propagators or suppliers in Florida, Texas, California or Puerto Rico and place them in a greenhouse with other crops where night tempera- tures of 60° F are maintained. This treatment will A not result in high quality finished plants. Night temperatures of 60° F are high enough for holding most foliage plants that are ready for sale, but they are not sufficiently high for good healthy growth dur- ing the production process. The succulents and cacti which originated in hot, dry areas should be grown in greenhouses where rela- tive humidities of from 50 to 65 percent can be maintained. In addition to the general groups of cacti and succulents, Peperomias, Sansevierias, Dra- caenas, Scindapsus and Dieffenbachias also will do much better in relative humidity lower than that re- quired for most of the large leaved foliage plants. These plants develop serious disease problems when grown under high humidities. Foliage plant items such as Philodendrons, Syn- goniums, Aglaonemas and such which come from tropical rain forests require humidities of 75 percent or above to produce high quality growth. These high humidity requirements may be satisfied by frequent syringing, but this is laborious and costly. It is, therefore, often neglected or overlooked and also often results in overwatering. A much better method is the installation of a fogging system to provide the required humidity. When such a system is employed, however, it should be equipped with nozzles which emit a very fine spray that will maintain high humid- ity without wetting or leaching the soil in which the plants are being grown. ‘l2 Growers specializing in foliage plant I usually use oil burning nozzles with l- pounds of pressure for this purpose. For sm, ers, lower pressures with the proper type n prove to be equally effective if properly { In many areas, a pad and fan cooling provide sufficient humidity during the su the humidity is equally essential during v Usually some other provision must be ma i tain high humidities during this period. The light requirements for foliage pla tion are also quite exacting and are one of onmental factors often neglected or disr’ greenhouse growers who furnish foliage i resale. Again, these.can best be provided? ing similar plants based largely upon t‘ habitat. Aglaonemas, Ferns, Marantas, Fit similar subjects require light of very lo i about 500 to 600 foot-candles. This, ho not mean they should be grown under ; benches and neglected or overlooked. Dieffenbachias grow most abundan intensities of about 1,000 to 1,200 foot-can duce good color and strong vigorous pl tropical rain forest plants such as Philod" Syngoniums produce their best growth " tensities from 1,500 to 1,600 foot-candles, sevierias, Peperomias, Bromeliads, Dracaeni of the succulent plants do best at 1,800 r‘- candles. Even the harder succulents and '_ stand clear glass light intensities under T tions during the summer. The best pr I meter the light intensities in the particul supply the shade required to grow eac plants successfully. * The light intensity recommendations may be varied considerably to make the i of these plants more efficient and practic any attempt to grow Peperomias and Ag A the same bench will surely produce poor. one or the other of these crops. If the r- able for Bromeliads and Peperomias, the or Maranta will be yellow and stunted, ‘ light is proper for the Aglaonema or M, Peperomias will be soft and spindly a 2» will become diseased and rot off at the The shading required can be prov' use of shading compounds on the glass, 1 of cloth inside the greenhouse in addition out the exterior shading is also recomme ‘ high light intensity conditions which pre s out most areas in Texas throughout the The majority of tropical plants that _l rain forests of the tropics are found ‘ where accumulations of leaves and other ' terials form the basis of the soil in whi 1 Cacti and succulents are found growig‘ alcicorne as hanging basket. Ficus, Codiaeum and Philodendron Photographed after 30 months in the same location in public building lobby. where the soil is extremely sandy or rocky under natural conditions. For this reason, the large leaved foliage plants should be grown in soil that is high in organic matter. Many of the specialists who pro- pagate and grow foliage plants on a large scale use only sphagnum peat because of its low pH and high porosity. Extensive research at The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station during the past 7 years on the production and adaptation of tropical foliage plants to interior conditions has shown that combinations of calcined clay and sphagnum peat and of horticultural perlite and peat will produce high quality forage plants. When clay soils are incorporated into the mixtures, less satisfactory results are obtained. In these investigations, excellent results have been ob- tained with the use of a mixture of 5O percent horti- cultural perlite and 5O percent sphagnum peat when properly watered for the particular plant being grown. In any event, the organic material and the soil used should provide a medium that will not pack and that will provide adequate root aeration. When shifting these plants, it is recommended that moist peat or moist peat and perlite, well firmed around the ball, be used instead of a soil mixture. This will prevent the original ball from drying out unduly and will provide a well-aerated medium in which new roots can develop readily. It is well to pot or shift Scindapsus or Pothos into a moist med- ium and then withhold water until roots begin to develop. Peperomias and other succulents and cacti, how- ever, must be grown in a medium that will not hold too much moisture since this usually results in loss from disease. The peat and perlite mixture with one- third fine gravel added works well for these plants unless it is watered excessively or too often. The nutrient requirements of foliage plants are much more exacting than those of most other green- house crops. Most of the foliage plants grown today do best in a pH of from 4 to 5, but most also will suffer from lack of available calcium. Due to the fact that a pH lower than that required for most greenhouse crops should be. maintained, the use of the nitrate forms of nitrogen rather than the am- monium forms is highly recommended. The use of soluble liquid fertilizer has proved to be the best method of applying nutrients. While any good formula will usually prove to be satisfactory, ‘l4 those with a 2-1-2 ratio will be most sat" foliage plants. A 10-5-10 analysis would 5 to others under most circumstances. Th of the high-grade soluble fertilizer form A market today often contain a very high ~ content which may be detrimental in f0 production. When such mixtures are u cium levels should be watched carefully. y. ments probably should not be applied u nite need for them has been demonstrat The control of insect pests on folia important since any infestation of the u enemies of foliage plants will reduce q’ very short period of time. The major v3’ plants are scale, mealy bug, aphids, red thrips. On most foliage plants fumigati or dusting with Parathion or Malathi control. However, most of the succulents, - and some Philodendrons are damaged by terials. Others may have to be used in s — such as nicotine for aphids. Lindane f0 i Chlorobenzilate for red spider. Dithion ' for mealy bug and red spider. ' The high temperatures and high h pf quired for the successful production of o, makes disease control not only importan times extremely difficult. The most serio spread diseases are pythium, phytopht ' tonia and anthracnose and the bacte '5 Regular and constant spray schedules m f tained to avoid losses. l The best results to date have been - the use of the following materials: for ; pose spraying, Captan and Morsodrem‘ tonia and other root and stem rots, Te i, phytophthora and leaf-spots, Parzate; an eral soil drench for soil-borne diseases, p, For bacterial disease, Agrimycin has be effective when used properly. For best eff eased foliage should be removed from p the Agrimycin should be applied at 3 v _' for l2 days. Peperomias and other thick culents subject to fungus diseases should Q with Captan on a regular schedule, and plants should be discarded. In greenhouses in which a wide vari omias, Kalanchoes and similar succulents a physiological trouble called oedema ca f mation of corky growth on the leaves and l condition is usually due to sudden cha f perature or to excessive humidities. 1 ted List of Exotic Plants and daptability to Building Interiors l Maintenance Requirements Elements: Bright Light 0r Full Sun: Preference: :8,000 foot-candles for average length of gerance: 1,000 to 2,000 foot-candles with llumination. Minimum: 60 to 100 foot- 3 ith 16 hours illumination. A- - Diffused 0r Filtered Light: Prefer- ‘,000 to 5,000 foot-candles for average i} day. Tolerance: 500 to 1,000 foot- . ith 12-hour illumination. Simple test: l“ nd is passed between plants and light adow cast by hand should be barely Minimum: 30 to 50 foot-candles with 16 umination. N0 Direct Light: Preference: 100 to 500 ales for average length of day. Toler- to 100 foot-candles with 12-hour illumi- iMinimum: 15 to 25 foot-candles with 16 a umination. A * Requirements: il should be dry for best growth; only waterings should be given to moisten joughly at 3 or 4-week intervals. Dry, ell-drained soil should be used. Exam- ples: Cacti and other succulents, Peperomias and Sansevierias. MOIST-Soil should be kept uniformly moist but never wet. Allow soil to become moderately dry before watering and then water thoroughly. Plants have delicate fine roots which will rot when soil is wet. WET— Soil should never be allowed to become dry. Excellent drainage should be provided in containers so that air is available in soil. Water should never stand on soil surface when it is applied or should never be allowed toystand in saucers under containers. Plant Use Requirements: TUB PLANTS or LARGE PLANTERS — Plants which develop into large specimens suitable for lobby decorations in public buildings or to be placed on floor in homes for interior decoration. VINES - Plants that require support such as trel- lises or totem poles or that can be used for ground covers in interior planter boxes or hang- ing baskets or as trailing plants on ledges or over the edges of interior planter boxes. SMALL PLANTERS-Plants suitable for small novelty containers, dish gardens, small pots or for edges or borders of interior planting boxes or beds. Care should be taken in using these plants in combination to insure all plants used have identical light and moisture requirements. l5 LIST OF 110 MOST ADAPTABLE PLANTS WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LOCATION Light Soil Moisture N0 Name of Plant High Medium Low Dry Moist Wet Tub Vin l. Acanthus montanus X X X 2. Aglaonema commutatum X X X 3. Aglaonerna modestum X X 4. Aglaonema robellini X X X 5. Aloe variegata X 6. Asplenium nidis X X 7. Beaucarnia recurvata X X 8. Begonia rex X X 9. Caladium, Fancyleaved X X X l0. Caladium, Lanceleaved X X l]. Chlorophytum elatum X X X l2. Cissus antarctica X X 13. Cissus erosa X X 14. Cissus quadrangularis X X 15. Cissus rhombilfolia X X 16. Codiaeum craigi supreme X X X 17. Codiaeum elegantissima X X X l8. Costus speciosa X X X 19. Crassula arborescens tricolor X X 20. Dieffenbachia amoena X X X 21. Dieffenbachia picta X X X 22. Dracaena deremensis warnecki X X X 23. Dracaena draco X X X 24. Dracaena godseffiana X X 25. Dracaena marginata X X X 26. Dracaena sanderiana X X 27. Euphorbia lophogona X X X 28. Euphorbia mili X X X 29. Fatshedera lizei X X X 30. Ficus benghalensis X X X 31. Ficus benjamini exotica X X X 32. Ficus eburnea X X X 33. Ficus elastica X X X 34. Ficus elastica decora X X X 35. Ficus elasstica variegated X X X 36. Ficus niacrophylla X X X 37. Ficus nitida (retusa) X X X 38. Ficus pandurata X X X 39. Ficus religiosa X X X 40. Ficus rubiginosa variegated (australis) X X X 41. Gynura aurantiaca X X X 42. Hedera canariensis variegated X X 43. Hedera helix Gold Dust X X 44. Hedera helix Green Ripples X X 45. Hedera helix Hahn’s Variegated X X 46. Hedera helix Hahn’s Self Branching X X 47. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cooperi X X X 48. Homocladium platycladum X X X 49. Hoya australis X X X 50. Hoya carnosa X X X 51. Hoya carnosa variegated X X X 52. Kalanchoe tomentosa X X 53. Ligularia kaempferi aureo-maculata X X X 54. Pandanus baptisti X X X 55. Pandanus sanderi X X X ‘l6 Us I OST ADAPTABLE PLANTS WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LOCATION AND USE i; Plant Light Soil Moisture Uses High Medium Low Dry Moist “let Small Tub Vine Planter utilis I s tithymaloides i. acuminata '5 astrid i. clusaefolia variegated glabella variegated "- hederifolia incana minima obtusifolia i- obtusifolia variegated L pereskifolia pereskifolia sandersi Bron cordatum Vron dubia Aron erubescens ron friederichstahli ron guttiferum J-ron hastatum _~r0n karstenianum jcron lacerum wron melinoni i‘ ron panduriforme iron pitteri ron radiata f1 ron sodiroi ron squamiferum 'atum i balfouriana _ i paniculata 'scolor akayoana nobilis variegated i'a Bantel's Sensation 7a cylindricus ia ehrenbergi iia trifaciata hahni ia liberica ” 'a parva 'a subspicata "a suffruticosa 'a trifaciata laurenti actinophylla ' s aureus s aureus vtfilcox um granti i‘ albo-lineata Lm auritum m green gold 4m hoffmani i; ligulatum I podophyllum 'm wendlandi X >4 >4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4 >4 >4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4 >4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 X X >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 >4>4 >4 >4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4>4 U1 xxx x xxxx xxxxxxxxx xix xxxx white gold 1.7 APPENDIX 2 Specific Uses of Plants for Indoor Gardening Plants That Will Grow in Water SCIENTIFIC NAME Agloanemu modestunz Crassula a rborescens Dieffenbachia (allivarieties) Hedera helix (all varieties) Hemigraphis colorata Philodendron cordatum Philodendron micam" Srinrlapsus (mreus Syngoniurrz podophyllum Tradescanlia (all varieties) COMMON NAME Chinese Evergreen jade Plant Dumbcane English Ivy Hemigraphis Devil's Ivy Arrowhead Wandering jew Plants That Will Withstand Most Adverse House Conditions and Abuse SCIENTIFIC NAME Aglaonema modestum Ant/Miriam aenulunz Aspidislra elatior Cissus rhombifolia C rassulrz arborescens Dieffenlmclzia amoenn Dracaena fragrans massange Euphorbia mili Ficus elastica Ficus exotica Hemigraphis‘ colorata Hozvea belmoreana Neanthe bella Pandanus vietchi Paradisea liliaslrurrz Peperomia olztusifolizun Philodendron cordatunz Sansevieria trifasciata laurenli SYmsevieria zeylanica Scindapsus aureus Syngoniunz podoplzyllum Vines and Trailing Plants Totem Poles and Trained SCIENTIFIC NAME Anthurium aenulum Cissus antarctica Cissus discolor Cissus nijegerensis Cissus rhombifolia Clerodendron balfouri Ficus pumila Hemigraphis colorata H oya carnosa Monstera deliciosa Nephtlzytis afzeli Pellionia daveauana Pellionia pulchra Philodendrons (all Climbing trim) Piper nigrum Piper ornatum Scindapsus aureus Scindapsus pictus Stephanotis floribunda Syngonium podophyllum COMMON NAME Chinese Evergreen Climbing Anthurium Iron Plant Grape Ivy jade Plant Dumbcane Dracaena Crown of Thorns Indian Rubber Hemigraphis Kentia Palm Dwarf Palm Screwpine Paradise Lily Paperomia Philodendron Goldenstripe Sansevieria Snakeplant Devil's Ivy Arrowhead for Plants COMMON NAME Climbing Anthurium Kangaroo Vine Begonia Cissus Pink Cissus Grape Ivy Bleedingheart Glorybower Creeping Fig Hemigraphis “lax Plant Cutleaf Philodendron Nephthytis Pellionia Satin Pellionia Black Pepper Celebes Pepper Devil's Ivy Painted Devil's Ivy Stephanotis Arrowhead Plants That Do Well Under Average Home Conditions SCIENTIFIC NAME Acanthus montanus Aechmea calygulata Aechmea orlancliana. Auracaria excelsa Asparagus sprengeri Begonia aconitifolia Begonia ulmifolia Beleperone guttata Caladium bicolor Cissus antarctica Cissus rhombifolia Cordyline australis Cryptanth us acaulis Cyrtonziunz falcaturn Dieffenbachia bausei Dieffenbachia picta Dieffenbaclzia picta Rudolph Roehrs Fatsia japonica Fatshedera lizei Ficus benghalensis Ficus eburnea Ficus religosa Grevillea robusta Hedera helix and varieties Peperomia clusaefolia Peperomia crassifolia Peperomia obtusifolizl variegated Peperomia pericata Peperomia sandersi Philodendron cordatum Philodendron dubia Philodendron erubescens Phlodendron giganteuirl Philodendron imbe Philodendron mandianunl Philodendron pandurifornte Philodendron scandens Philodendron selloum Philodendron tripartitum Philodendron wendlandi Pilea involucrata Piper nigrum Piper ornatum Polyscias balfouriana Polyscias filifolia Polyscias paniculata Rhoeo discolor Sansevieria hahni Sansevieria pan/a Sansevieria subspicata Saxifraga sarmentosa Schizmatoglottis picta Scolopeizdrium cristata Spathyphyllum clevelandi Syngonium Emerald Gem Vanilla plarzifolia Plants That Will Survive With a Mini Amount of Sunlight for Several Months SCIENTIFIC NAME Aglaonerna modestum Anthurium aenulum Anthurium digitatum Bromeliads (all) Crassula arborescens Dieffenbachia amoena Sprenger Asparagu COMMON N‘ Mountain Acantuus. Aechmea Aechmea l Norfolk Island Pin l - a Begonia a Elm-leaved Begon' Shrimp Plant V F ancy-leaved Cala Kangaroo Vine Grape Vine Giant Dracaena Cryptanthus Holly Fern l)umbcane Dumbcane Dumbcane Japanese Fatsia Botanical Wonder Banyan Fig A Ivory Fig Botree Fig Silk Oak English Ivy Rededge Pepero ' Leatherleaf Pepe {y Variegated Peperg Coinleaf Pepero t’ Watermelon Pe T Heartleaf Philod' Giant Philodend i Panda Plant . Redleaf Philodc j Trileaf Philodeni Artillery Plant Black Pepper Celebes Pepper Balfour Aralia _ Fernleaf Aralia jagged-leaf Aral' ’ Three Men in a L Hahn's Sansevie ' Parva Sansevieria Rededge Sanscvi Strawberry Beg I Painted Tongue A Hart’s Tongue F White Anthuriu! Variegated Arro . Vanilla ‘ COMMO Chinese Eve g A Climbing Anth Climbing Anthu jade Plant Dumbcane COMMON NAME no NAME l‘ l India Rubber Plant " ylla ' eana Kentia Palm ~ Dwarf Palm " is Screwpine _ trum Paradise Lily tusifolium Peperomia Heartleaf Philodendron Three Men in a Boat Vi" cies Sanseviera Yata Schefflera Q cordatum Withstand Dry, Warm Locations g no NAME all species s y; eies ‘as l. ili Crown of Thorns COMMON NAME ‘Atithamaloides Slipper Flower if dusifolia Peperomia A eata Leafy Cactus 0r Three Men in a Boat n variety iureus Devil's Ivy 7 (all varieties) Wandering Jew V11 Suited for ' bed Decorative Specimens II-‘IC NAME COMMON NAME l‘ llis Artists Acanthus _ ntanus Mountain Acanthus f» ea Giant Caladium tralis Australian Tree Fern riegatum Croton 'a amoena Spotted Dumbcane ' ponica Botanical Wonder ica japan Fatsia a Ivory Fig ~ variegated Variegated India Rubber mta Fiddleleaf Fig ‘liciosa Cutleaf Philodendron ‘etchi Screwpine l dubia elongatum in giganteum u; mandianum f» panduriforrne U selloum n wendlandi niculata jagged-leaf Aralia gitata Schefflera y; 'nae Bird of Paradise ’ ing Plants for Ground Covers r Planting Boxes frmc NAME ‘ COMMON NAME A eata Episcia I Creeping Fig ns Climbing Fig ' schafelti Silver Fittonia 'x Hahns Star Hahn's Star English Ivy is colorata Hemigraphis A eauana Pellionia SCIENTIFIC NAME Pellionia pulchra Philodendron cordatum Pilea nummulariaefolia Saxifraga sarmentosa Seindapsus aureus Tradescantia (all varieties) Vinca major variegata COMMON NAME Pellionia Heartleaf Philodendron Creeping Artillery Plant Strawberry Begonia Devil’s Ivy Wandering Jew Variegated Vinca Plants Suitable for Hanging Baskets SCIENTIFIC NAME Acanthorhipsalis monocantlta Achimene grandiflora Aeschynanthus grandiflorus- Aeschynanthus grandiflorus ‘Black Pagoda’ Aeschynanthus lobbianus Aeschynanthus pulcher Asarina procumbens Asparagus plumosus Asparagus sarmentosus meyeri Asparagus sprengeri Asystasia coromandeliana Begonia gloriosa Begonia ‘jean Pernet’ Begonia tuberhybrida pendula flore-pleno Callisia elegans Ceropegia woodi Chlorophytum bicheti Chlorophytum comosum variegatum Chlorophytum comosum vittatum Chrysanthemum nzorifoliitm Anna Chrysanthemum ntorifolium Jane Harte Cissus quadrangularis Codonanthe macradenia Coleus rehneltianus Trailing Queen Columnea banksi Columnea ‘Brighter Dawn’ Columnea Campos Sunset Columnea crassifolia Columnea Evlo Columnea gloriosa Columnea hirta Columnea Hybrid Bondera Columnea linearis Columnea microphylla Columnea ‘Red Royal’ Columnea ‘Royal Orange’ Columnea splendens Stavager Columnea ‘Tangerine Royal’ Columnea V. C. Covert Columnea ‘Yellow Dragon’ Commelina communis aurea-striata Cryptocereus anthonyanus Cyanotis kewensis Cyanotis somaliensis Cymbalaria muralis Davallia fijeensis plumosa Dischidia imbrieata Epiphyllum darrahii Epiphyllum pumilum Epiphyllum ‘Paula Knebel’ Episcia eupreata ‘Amazon’ Episcia cupreata ‘Chocolate Soldier‘ COMMON NAME Spiny Rhipsalis Bigpurple Achimenes Lobecup Basketvine Black Pagoda Basketvine Lobbs Basketvine Scarlet Basketvine Creeping Gloxinia Fern Asparagus Plume Asparagus Sprenger Asparagus Lavender Asystasia Gloriosa Begonia jean Pernet Begonia Basket Begonia Striped Inch Plant String of Hearts; Rosary Vine St. Bernard's Lily Green Lily Spider Plant Daisy Cascade Daisy Cascade Winged Treebine Central American Bellflower Trailing Coleus Goldfish Vine Guatemalan Columnea Costa Rica Columnea Hirt Columnea Narrow-leaved Columnea Small-leaved Goldfish Vine Norse Fire Plant Variegated Widows Tears Anthony's Rickrock Teddy Bear Plant Pussy Ear Kenilworth Ivy Rabbit's Foot Fern Urn Vine Darrah Leafcactus Small-leaf Epiphyllum Knebel Epiphyllum Amazon Flame Violet Carpet Plant ‘l9 SCIENTIFIC NAME Episcia cupreata ‘Ember Lace’ Episcia cupreata ‘Emerald Queen’ Episcia cupreata ‘Silver Queen’ Episcia dianthiflora Episcia lilacina ‘Fannie Haage Episcia ‘Moss Agate’ Episcia pinkiscia Episcia ‘Red Agate’ Episcia ‘Red Flare’ Erythrorhipsalis pi-locarpa Euphorbia mammillaris Fittonia verschaffelti Fittonia verschaffelti argyroneura F ittonia verschaffelti Pearce Fuchsia hybrida jubillee Fuchsia hybrida Swingtime Fuchsia triphylla Gartenrneister Bohnstedt Glecoma hederaceae Variegated Hatiora salicorniodes Hedera helix Hahns Variegated Hedera helix Ivylace Hedera helix Shamrock Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis exotica Hoya australis Hoya Bella Hoya carnosa compacta Hoya carnosa ‘Exotica’ Hoya carnosa Krinkle Curl Hoya carnosa Tri-color Hoya cinnamonifolia Hoya imperialis Hoya keysi Hoya longifolia shepherdi Hoya motoskei Hoya obovata (kerri) Hoya purpurea-fusca Hypocyrta nummularia Hylocereus calcaratus Ipomoea battatas ‘Blackie’ Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Kalanchoe mangini Kalanchoe pubescens Kalanchoe uniflora J 2O COMMON NAME Ember Lace Episcia Emerald Silver Queen Episcia Laceflower Vine Blueflowered Teddy Bear Panama Episcia Pink Episcia Red Agate Episcia Red Flare Episcia Bristletufted Twigcactus Corncob Plant Mosaic Plant Silvernerve Fittonia Snake Skin Plant Jubilee Fuchsia Swingtime Fuchsia Honeysuckle Fuchsia Gill-over-the-Ground Drunkard's Dream Variegated Hahn's English Ivy Ivylace English Ivy Shamrock English Ivy Red Ivy Waffle Plant Porcelain Flower Miniature Wax Plant Compact Wax Plant Exotic Wax Plant Hindu Rope Plant Variegated Wax Plant Cinnamon Wax Plant Honey Plant Pubescent Wax Plant Shepherd's Wax Plant Spotted Wax Plant Sweetheart Hoya Silver Pink Wax Plant Miniature Pouch Flower Nightblooming Cereus Blackleaf Sweet Potato Life Plant Mangin Kalanchoe jinglebells Kalanchoe Miniature Kalanchoe SCIENTIFIC NAME Mannnillaria elongata Mesembryanthemum cordifolium N ephrolepis exaltata bostorzienszs Nephrolepis exaltata Roosevelt Pelargonium fragrans loggei ‘Apple Cider’ Pelargonium frangrans Pine Pellonia daveauana Pellionia pulchra Peperomia acuminata Peperomia cubensis Peperomia glabella variegated Peristrophe angustifolia aurea-variegata Philodendron micans Philodendron oxycardium Pilea nummularifolia Platycerium alcicorne Plectranthus coleoides marginatus Plectranthus oertendahli Plectranthus purpuratus Plectranthus tomentosa Polypodium aureum Portulacaria afra variegata Rhipsalis capilliformis Rhipsalis cassutha Rhipsalis houlletiana Rhipsalis paradoxa Rhipsalis pentatera Rhipsalis trigona Ruellia makoyana Schlumbergera bridgesi Schlumbergera gaertneri Schlumbergera truncatus Scindapsus aureus Sedum morganianum Senecio herreianus Senecio jacobseni Setcreasea purpurea Stapelia gigantea Stenotaphrum secundatum variegatum Streptocarpus saxorum Tradescantia albiflora albo-vittata Tradescantia sillamontana l‘ Pine Scented G A common; Lace Mammillar" Heartleaf Mesem Boston Fern Tall Featherfern Apple Cider Sce y Geranium i Trailing Wat if Satin Pellonia Mexican Peppe Cuban Pepper i Variegated Wax Peperomia Marble-leaf Velvet-leaf Vine . Heart-leaf Phil' Creeping Charl Elkhorn Fern Candle Plant Prostrate Coleus; Moth King i Succulent Cole f Hare’s Foot F Rainbow Bush 1 Treehair Mistletoe Rhi Y’ Snowdrop Cact -' China Rhipsalit Fivewing Rhi Triangle Rhi Monkey Plant _ Christmas Cact Easter Cactus Christmascactul» Devil's Ivy ' Burro Tail v Green Marblev' Weeping Noto - Purple Heart p‘ Giant Toadpla v Variegated St. Grass A False African V Giant Whitel f White Velvet; 1