} ~ B-1179
 August 1977

CONTENTS

SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3

METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

TEXAS WHEAT PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4

TEXAS GRAIN STORAGE FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Turnover Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Grain Receipts and Shipment Patterns by Time Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Portion of Producers Wheat Marketings to Elevator Size Categories . . . . . . . 6

Dimensions of Producer-Originated Wheat Procurement Areas . . . . . . . . . .. 6

Source of Wheat Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Destination of Wheat Shipped . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Modal Split on Wheat Received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Modal Split on Wheat Shipped . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29

SUMMARY

In calendar year 1975, approximately 73 percent of the total wheat shipments
from Texas elevators were to Texas Gulf ports — 51 percent to Houston-
Beaumont-Galveston ports and 22 percent to the Corpus Christi port. Small quan-
tities of wheat were shipped to Louisiana and West Coast ports. The second most
important wheat shipment pattern involved intrastate flows between Texas inland
elevators. Approximately 14 percent of all wheat shipments were between Texas
elevators. About 8 percent of the wheat shipments from Texas elevators were to
out-of-state grain elevators, with more than 90 percent of this being shipped to
Oklahoma elevators. About 3 percent of wheat shipments from Texas elevators were
to Texas flour mills. Out-of-state flour mills received less than 1 percent of total
wheat shipments from Texas elevators, with California flour mills receiving more
than 70 percent of this flow.

Railroads were the major transporter of principal wheat flows in Texas. Two-
thirds of the wheat flowing from inland elevators in Texas to Houston-Beaumont-
Galveston ports was hauled by railroads, and nearly 80 percent of the wheat flowing
to the Corpus Christi port was transported by railroads. Trucks were relatively more
important in intrastate wheat movements (from Texas elevators to other Texas
elevators or Texas flour mills) than in interstate movements. Approximately one-
half of the intrastate wheat flows were hauled by each transportation mode.

On a statewide basis, grain elevators received 59, 12, and 29percent of their
wheat receipts from Texas producers, other Texas elevators, and out-of-state
sources, respectively. Approximately 93 percent of the wheat flowing from out-of-
state sources originated in Oklahoma. About three-fourths of the wheat received
directly from producers originated within 10 miles of the elevator. Generally, those
regions with denser levels of wheat production had a tendency toward smaller
market areas, with a greater portion of the wheat originating within a 10-mile radius
of the elevator.

   
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

£75, Texas produced 131.1 million bushels 0f
23h an estimated value of $432.6 million (1),
A only by grain sorghum as Texas’ most
rain crop‘ (2). Texas’ 1975 wheat produc-
ted sixth among that of wheat-producing
 represented about 6 percent of the Na-
al production.

le estimates of regional wheat production
Ale, but little is known about the distribu-
‘m of wheat or modes of transportation
). In many situations, individuals or public
glgmake decisions affecting the production,
-,< nd shipment of grain without adequate in-
 regarding grain distribution patterns and
 ansportation modes. The purpose of this
if to

I ument and measure intrastate and inter-
Ate-wheat distribution patterns in Texas (3)

iermine modes of transportation em-
gyed in alternative wheat flow patterns

  gntify characteristics of the grain handling
ustry involved in the distribution of

‘matic representation of the measured
 s among Texas producers, Texas grain
Texas flour mills, Texas Gulf ports, out-
‘I elevators and flour mills, and out-of
is shown in Figure 1.

   Methodology

a cipal source of data for this study was a
"iive questionnaire mailed to 862 Texas
tors’. The grain elevator population was
s respect to subregions in the State and
 ‘ty of the facility. The facilities were
 four alternative storage capacity
 1) less than 500,000 bushels; 2) 500,001
 bushels; 3) 1,000,001 t0 3,000,000

‘é

i’ grain sorghum, wheat, corn, rice, and soybean
 estimated values of $891.1, $432.6, $300.2,
g .1 million, respectively.

"sociate professor, research associate, and re-
_y t,“The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (De-
ricultural Economics).

TEXAS WHEAT FLOWS
AND TRANSPORTATION MODES,

I975

Stephen Fuller, Mechel Paggi, and Dwayne Engler*

OUT—OF—STATE
GRAIN
ELEVATORS
AND MILLS

4L

‘V

TEXAS GRAIN OUT-OF-STATE
ELEVATORS PORTS

//

TEXAS TEXAS
%

TEXAS WHEAT
PRODUCERS

FLOUR MILLS GULF PORTS

Figure 1. Schematic representation of major wheat flows.

bushels; and 4) greater than 3,000,000 bushels. After
the questionnaires were collected, the data for each
category within each subregion were expanded to
estimate the total wheat flow pattern for that size
category. The expansion factor was calculated by
simply dividing the number of facilities in popula-
tion by the number of respondents. After this was
completed for all elevator sizes in a subregion, the
expanded numbers were totaled. This procedure
reduced the confounding associated with
nonuniform response rates for alternative storage
capacity facilities. Approximately 27 percent of the
862 grain elevators responded to the mailed ques-
tionnaire.

Because of limited resources, non-respondents
were not contacted to determine if their wheat flow
patterns were statistically different from the ques-
tionnaire respondents. However, a similar ques-
tionnaire which had been previously mailed to the
grain elevator population to measure grain sorghum
and corn flows did employ a telephone survey of
non-respondents. The results indicated no statistical
difference in grain flow patterns between respon-
dents and non-respondents. Accordingly, it was as-
sumed that the wheat flow study respondents were

zThe grain elevator population was obtained from 1) the 1974-1975
Texas Department of Agriculture's publication, Texas Grain
Warehouses; 2) the 1974-1975 Annual Directory of the Texas
Grain and Feed Association; and 3) the 1974 list of warehouses
eligible to store grains under the Commodity Credit Corporation
programs. These sources indicated that the population included
862 grain elevators throughout Texas.

3

representative of their population. See Appendix A
for information on number of grain elevators within
each size category and number of respondents in
each size category for each subregion of the State.
To facilitate measurement of intrastate grain

flows, the surveyed firms related magnitude of re-

ceipts or shipments to each of seven subregions of
Texas. Each subregion represented one or several
Crop Reporting Districts (Figure 2). The CropRe-
porting Districts were grouped into seven study
areas and named for use throughout the publica-
tion: Crop Reporting District 1-N — Northern High
Plains; Crop Reporting District 1-S — Southern High
Plains; Crop Reporting Districts 2-N, 2-S, and 3 —
Rolling Plains; Crop Reporting Districts 4, 5-N, and
5-S — East Texas; Crop Reporting Districts 8-N, 8-S,
and 9 -— Gulf Coast; Crop Reporting Districts 10-N
and 10-S — Rio Grande Plains; and Crop Reporting
Districts 6 and 7 -- Pecos-Plateau.

Texas Wheat Production  

The location of wheat production in Texas is
shown in Figure 3, and the 1968-1975 level of wheat

NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS

' for handling grain is intact.

  
   
  
   
  
   
  
  
 
 
  
   
   
   
 
  
    
  
  

production for each of the seven study 
presented in Table 1. Based on the 1968-19 
age, the Northern High Plains and Rolling Pl
principal wheat-producing areas within 
duced 58 and 26 percent, respectively, of the 
wheat production, or 84 percent of the total i." '
tion (Appendix B). The East Texas area has ~ Q
State's third most important production regi
historically has produced 5 to 12 percent,
State's total wheat output. a

Texas Grain
Storage Facilities

Off-farm storage capacity in Texas a
mated at 719 million bushels in 1975 (3). The 
is calculated by the Statistical Reporting Se 
includes all structures equipped for stori
and all facilities not currently in use, if eqi



Grain storage facilities by storage capal
study region, including grain elevators, ft
and foodgrain processors, are presented in‘,
Port elevators, oilmill processors, feedyards,

SOUTHERN HIGH

<— Crop Reporting District 1-N

ROLLING PLAINS

‘ Crop Reporting Districts  f.
l 2N‘ 2-5 and 3 Crop Reporting Districtii

4, 5-N and 5-S

PLAINS
Crop
Reporting
District
1-S
PLATEAU

i

Crop Reporting Districts l

6and7

Figure 2. Seven Texas
study regions.

Crop Reporting Districts _>
10-N and 10-S

Crop Reporting
Districts 8-N,
8-S and 9

RIO GRANDE PLAINS

  
   
   
  

 
 
     
  
 
  

4 ._- _<‘ Q11 i

 
     
    
   

1 dot = 1,000 acres

 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 

“location of Texas wheat production, 1975.

j re not included. In many cases, the feedmill

in elevator populations include identical
 facilities because a firm may be both a
commercial feed manufacturer and a grain
7- iser. Consequently, a number of feedmills
givers and shippers of wheat.

 862 inland grain storage facilities

  ) in Texas, 265, or approximately 31 per-

 located in the Northern High Plains. Ap-
ely 19 percent of the storage facilities are
 East Texas, the State's second largest con-
 . Approximately two-thirds of the grain
<facilities in Texas have less than 500,000
f storage capacity. Elevators with 500,001-
 and 1,000,001-3,000,000 bushel storage
.,Comprise 15.5 and 14.2 percent of the
65,1 rage facilities, respectively. Elevators with
l,000-bushel capacity represent only 4 per-
 "rift? population.

 r Ratios

,,he average, Texas grain elevators received
gels of grain per bushel of storage capacity,

g

     
   
 

WllEllT

ACRES PLANTED
i975

but the turnover ratio varied by region and storage
capacity category (Table 3). In general, the smaller
storage facilities tended to have larger turnover
ratios than the larger storage facilities. The excep-
tion involved elevators with 1,000,001-3,000,000
bushel storage capacity with a turnover ratio of 1.01
and facilities with over 3,000,000 bushel capacity
with a turnover ratio of 1.30. Region turnover ratios
varied from a low of 1.24 in the Southern High Plains
to a high of 4.07 in the Pecos-Plateau region. All
study regions had average turnover ratios of 1.90 or
less except for the Pecos-Plateau area.

Grain Receipts and Shipment
Patterns by Time Periods

The peak temporal receipt patterns at grain
elevators are highly correlated with peak harvest
months (Table 4). In the Northern and Southern
High Plains, 61.3 and 60.3 percent of the respective
grain receipts were in September to October, when
the region harvests its grain sorghum and corn
production. In the Rolling Plains, primarily a wheat-
producing area, grain elevators received approxi-

5

mately 71 percent of their receipts in May and lune.
Approximately 82 percent of the grain receipts at
Gulf Coast elevators were in July and August, the
peak grain sorghum harvesting period for this re-
gion.

In general, regional temporal shipment patterns
were less peaked than temporal grain receipt pat-
terns. The exception was the Pecos-Plateau area,
which received approximately 56 percent of its grain
receipts in July and August but shipped nearly 61

percent of its annual shipments during this time
period.

Portion of Producers Wheat Marketings
to Elevator Size Categories

On a statewide basis, approximately 47 percent
of producers wheat marketings were to elevators
with less than 500,000 bushels of storage capacity
(Table 5). Facilities with 1,000,001-3,000,000 bushel
storage capacity received approximately 27 percent
of producers wheat marketings and was the second
most important marketing outlet. The percentage
of wheat marketings to alternative size elevators var-
ied by region. For example, the smallest elevators
(s 500,000 bushels storage) in the Northern High
Plains received 30.8 percent of producers wheat mar-
ketings; whereas, in the Rolling Plains more than
three-fourths of producers wheat marketings were
to the smallest elevators. Generally, the regional var-
iances were due to the different elevator size distri-
butions in each region.

Dimensions of Producer-
Originated Wheat Procurement Areas

In the Northern High Plains, nearly 80 percent
of the elevators’ producer-originated wheat came
within a 10-mile radius of the elevator (Table 6). In
contrast, in the Rio Grande Plains, only 25 percent of
the producer-originated wheat orginated within a
10-mile radius of the elevator. On a statewide basis,
approximately 71 and 23 percent of the producer-
originated wheat came within a 10-mile and a 10- to
20-mile radius of the elevator, respectively. On the
average, approximately 4 percent of producer-
originated wheat originated in a 20- to 30-mile radius
of the elevator. I

In general, those regions with denser levels of
wheat production had a tendency toward smaller
market radius than those regions with sparse pro-
duction. The Northern High Plains and the Rolling
Plains ranked first and second in terms of produc-
tion, and accordingly, ranked first and second in
terms of percentage of producer-originated wheat
procured within a 10-mile radius of the elevator.

6

' ceived 13.8 and 84.6 percent of wheat receipg;

  respectively. ’

   
    
  
 
 
  
    
   
 
 
 
  
  
 
    
 
 
 
  
    
 
  
  
  
  
   
    
 
 
 
  
   
 
  

Source of Wheat Received

On a statewide basis, approximately 59, f
12 percent of wheat receipts at Texas elevato f
nated from producers, out-of-state elevat‘
other Texas elevators, respectively (Ta
Elevators in the Northern High Plains and ~ g
Plains received approximately 93 and 97 pe 
their respective wheat receipts from produce
Texas and Southern High Plains elevators 
approximately 77 and 12 percent of their res.
wheat receipts from out-of-state sources an,
responsible for the relatively large portion of;
wheat receipts originating from out-of-state s =1
Ft. Worth is located in the East Texas study a j
is an important secondary holder of wheat; T
fore, in the East Texas region, the largest 
size category (2 3,000,000 bushels stora

an»

other Texas elevators and out-of-state r

<1
.

i...;-i.-.iiI;-.-;@55"<n‘._|~tm < A-uv'+< <

Approximately 93, 5, and 2 percent of t
of-state originated wheat flowing into Tex _
from Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico, 
tively (Table 8): 53.3 to 100 percent of the out 
originated wheat flowing into the alternativt
study regions had an Oklahoma origin. Ni
and Southern High Plains elevators reported 
ing wheat from Colorado. Only Southeri
Plains elevators received wheat from New f,
Elevators in the Northern High Plains, S0
High Plains, and East Texas regions received<
from Kansas. Elevators located in the Gulf C 
Grande Plains, and Pecos-Plateau region -~ 
no wheat receipts from out-of-state. is

ufllficnlfiqiiiPT-X}

Destination of Wheat Shipped

Approximately 73 percent of wheat sh’
from Texas elevators were to Texas Gulf p0 
9). On a statewide basis, about 17 percent
State's wheat shipments were to other Te
vators and flour mills, and approximately;-
cent were to out-of-state destinations. In 1
Northern High Plains produced approxim"
percent of Texas wheat, and about 43 percen
region's wheat shipments were to Texas 
Approximately, 28 and 21 percent of the N;
High Plains wheat shipments were toTexas - 
and out-of-state elevators, respectively. It
mated that flour mills received approximate 
cent of the area's grain elevators’ wheat vi,‘
with insignificant flows to West Coast and 
ports. In general, the other study regions 
less extensive wheat shipment patterns 
Northern High Plains. For example, the  
Plains, source of 28 percent of the State's 19 
production, shipped to three destinations

  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  

irts, Texas flour mills, and other Texas
  s. Approximately 87 percent of wheat ship-
 rom the Rolling Plains were to Texas Gulf

roximately 68 percent of intrastate wheat
~ ts from Northern High Plains elevators were
(or elevators in that region —- an intraregion
inflow (Table 10). In general, the principal
 w between Texas elevators involved an in-
5 flow. The exceptions were the Rolling
 d Pecos-Plateau areas. Elevators in the Gulf
ind Rio Grande Plains regions reported no
shipments to other Texas elevators. Only
 s in the Northern High Plains, Rolling Plains,
y, t Texas regions reported wheat shipments to
 ur mills (Table 11). About 64 and 34 percent
 trastate wheat shipments to Texas flour mills
 tined for the East Texas and Gulf Coast re-
respectively. Elevators in the Rolling Plains
 Texas regions shipped to flour mills in the
k s and Gulf Coast areas, and Northern High
levators shipped to flour mills in these re-
 d the Rio Grande Plains area.

rly 91 percent of the wheat shipped to out-
 elevators was destined to Oklahoma, and
 ent was shipped to California elevators (Ta-
Only the Northern and Southern High Plains
rs reported shipments to out-of-state
A ; whereas, only the Northern High Plains
f reported wheat shipments to out-of-state
Qlls. About 71 and 29 percent of the wheat
flts to out-of-state flour mills were to Califor-

Q Oklahoma, respectively (Table 13).

 Split on Wheat Received

 percentage of wheat flowing from each
 g source (Table 7) which was transported
‘(and by rail is shown in Table 14. All wheat
 directly from producers was delivered by
iwever, there was no similar consistency of
(lit on wheat received by elevators from
Turces — Texas elevators and out-of-state
 .'For example, 99 percent of the wheat re-
i Northern High Plains elevators from other
 ‘ators was truck-delivered, and only 2.8
golf the wheat received by Southern High
evators from other Texas elevators was
“wered. On a statewide basis, approxi-
 ipercent of the wheat received by Texas
 from other Texas elevators was truck-
Approximately 94 percent of the out-of-
‘nated wheat was received by elevators in
 exas region. About 47 percent of this wheat
i) transported by railroads. On a statewide
5%?- 49 percent of the wheat flowing from
ite sources to Texas elevators was hauled
 s.

  Taj

All wheat flowing into the Northern High Plains
from out-of-state was delivered by truck (Table 15).
An estimated 86 percent of the wheat entering Texas
from out-of-state sources originated in Oklahoma
and was received by elevators in East Texas. Approx-
imately 55 percent of this flow was truck-delivered.

Modal Split on Wheat Shipped

In general, railroads were the major transporter
of the State's principal wheat flows. Of the Texas-
originated wheat flowing to the Houston-
Beaumont-Galveston ports, about two-thirds was
hauled by railroads, and nearly 80 percent of the
wheat flowing to the Corpus Christi port was trans-
ported via railroads (Table 16). The second most im-
portant wheat flow involved intrastate flows be-
tween inland grain elevators. On a statewide basis,
approximately one-half of this flow was transported
by each mode. Trucks were relatively more impor-
tant in intrastate wheat movements (from Texas
elevators to other Texas elevators or Texas flour
mills) than in interstate movements (Table 16).

Of the wheat flowing between elevators in the
Northern High Plains, 70.3 percent was transported
by truck, but less than 5 percent of the wheat flow-
ing from Northern High Plains elevators to Southern
High Plains elevators was hauled by truck (Table 17).
On the average, 70.9 percent of elevator-originated
wheat flowing to Northern High Plains elevators was
transported by truck, and 29.1 percent was hauled
by railroads. Approximately two-thirds of the wheat
flowing from Texas elevators to Texas flour mills was
destined for the East Texas region, with 78.5 percent
transported by railroads (Table 18).

Nearly 91 percent of the wheat flowing from
Texas elevators to out-of-state elevators was des-
tined for Oklahoma, and more than 98 percent was
transported by rail (Table 19). Approximately 93 per-
cent of the wheat transported from Texas elevators
to California flour mills was transported by railroads.
California was a destination for 71 percent of the
out-of-state wheat shipments to flour mills (Table
20).

References

1. 1975 Texas Small Grain Statistics, Texas Department of Agricul-
ture, U.S.D.A., S.R.S.

2. 1975 Texas Field Crop Statistics, Texas Department of Agricul-
ture, U.S.D.A., S.R.S.

3. Fuller, Stephen W. and L. Bruce Knudson. 1977. Texas Feed-
grain Flow Patterns and Transportation Modes, 1975. Tex. Agr.
Exp. Sta. B-1180.

4. 1975 Texas Off-Farm Grain Storage Capacity, Texas Department
of Agriculture, U.S.D.A., S.R.S.

7

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10

9, Percent of Grain Elevators Grain Receipts and Shipments by Alternative Time

Periods by Region, l975

   
  
  

 
 

January March May July September November
to‘ to to to to to
February April June August October December

if % % % % % %
%§hern Receipts l.9 0.9 l8.6 7.0 6l.3 l0.3
if Plains Shipments ll.8 l0.9 l2.9 l8.3 26.9 20.2
ifihern Receipts 9.9 l.0 l0.6 7.5 60.3 l5.7
Q Plains Shipments ll.3 l0.9 l2.6 ll.8 3l.9 21.5
lging Receipts 0.7 l.0 70.6 l6.8 7.8 3.l
ihs Shipments 5.2 2.2 99.l 26.] l3.3- 9.l
Receipts 7.9 6.9 22.9 91.0 9.8 12.0
Shipments l0.6 l2.2 l7.9 3l.l l9.6 l3.6
Receipts l.5 l.7 9.9 8l.5 3.9 2.5
Shipments 9.3 l.2 5.5 55.9 l8.2 l0.9

 érande Receipts 0.0 0.0 52.3 99.5 2.9 0.8  

K“ Shipments 0.6 0.6 39.7 95.9 9.2 9.5
Receipts l.9 l.5 22.6 56.l l7.l l.3
Shipments 0.9 0.7 l5.7 60.8 2l.7 0.7

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12

   

6, Percent of Grain Elevators
Alternative Distances by Region. l975

Producer—0riginated Wheat Coming from.

   
 
   
    

QVERAGE

. Elevator - - - - - - - - - - Miles - — - - - - - - -
gging Storage
on Capacity < l0 > l0 — < 20 > 2O - i 3O > 3O
A (bushels) % % % %
l?6rn _5 500,000 78.3 15.9 0.6 1.2
;jPlalnS 500,00l-l,000,000 75.9 l9.5 3.0 l.6
7 l,000,00l-3,000,000 75.6 23.2 0.9 0.3
> 3,000,000 95.0 6.0 0.0 0.0
Region Average 79.9 l7.5 2.l 0.5
Qhern _5 500,000 56.3 31.3 10.0 2.0
§iPlains 500,00l-l,000,000 69.2 25.8 6.0 0.0
7 l,000,00l-3,000,000 65.8 22.2 7.5 5.5
> 3,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Region Average 6l.8 27.3 8.5 2.5
Q69 5_500,000 65.6 30.3 3.1 1.0
55 500,001-l,000,000 69.3 30.5 0.3 0.0
5 l,000,00l-3,000,000 8l.0 ll.l 6.7 l.2
Region Average 68.9 26.3 3.8 l.0
_§ 500,000 63.8 36.1 0.1 0.0
500,00l-l,000,000 l3.2 30.6 53.2 3.0
l,000,00l-3,000,000 68.3 28.7 3.0 0.0
> 3,000,000 50.0 50.0 10.0 0.0
Region Average 5l.7 35.5 22.6 l.2
_§ 500,000 08.1 39.1 6.9 5.9
500,001-l,000,000 30.0 50.0 20.0 l0.0
l,000,00l-3,000,000 ‘0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Region Average 57.1 39.2 .6 6.l
Trande _§ 500,000 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0
500,00l-l,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
l,000,00l-3,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Region Average 25.0 75.0 0.0 0.0
g _: 500,000 59.7 35.9 3.8 0.6
gu Region Average 59.7 35.9 3.8 .6
7l.3 23.2 5.5 l.l

13

Table 7. Percent of Wheat Received from Alternative Sources by Elevator Storage
Capacity and Region, l975
Elevator % from % from 7
Shipping Storage % from Other Texas Out-of-State ’
Region Capacity Producers Elevators Elevators ¥§ T
(bushels) 8 i
ii Ce

Northern f_500,000 90.0 .0 0.0 ii 90R
High Plains 500,00l-l,000,000 86.9 ll.2 l.9 81 L

l,000,00l-3,000,000 98.0 l.3 0.7

> 3,000,000 98.0 6.0 0.0
Region Average 93.5 5.8 0.7
O
oi

Southern _§ 500,000 l00.0 0.0 0.0 y 7
High Plains 500,00l-l,000,000 l00.0 0.0 0.0 it ;

l,000,00l-3,000,000 l00.0 0.0 0.0 ‘ l

> 3,000,000 0.0 80.5 19.5 QC

Region Average 37.9 50.0 l2.l ii
Rolling _§ 500,000 98.8 1.2 0.0 f
Plains 500,00l-l,000,000 66.9 24.0 8.7 ic

l,000,00l-3,000,000 97.3 0.6 2.l 3]

Region Average 97.0 .l 0.9 i
East _5 500,000 90.3 5.7 0.0 ‘_
Texas 500,001-1,000,000 09.9 19.9 30.2 'f

1,000,001-3,000,000 79.8 20.6 2.6 ~‘

> 3,000,000 l.6 l3.8 89.6 5
Region Average 8.6 l3.9 77.5 L
[S

001f _§ 500,000 98.1 1.9 0.0 8
Coast 500,00l-l,000,000 l00.0 0.0 0.0

l,000,00l-3,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0

Region Average 98.2 l.8 0.0 _

. . C

Rio Grande §_500,000 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 .!
Plains 500,00l-l,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 A

l,000,00l-3,000,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 f

Region Average 100.0 0.0 0.0 it

8,
Pecos- §_500,000 100.0 0.0 0.0 “
Plateau Region Average l00.0 0.0
STATE AVERAGE 9/ 58.5 12 2' 29.3 *3
5/ Indicates on a state-wide basis the percent of wheat received at Texas elevators 8?

alternative sources.

14

   

   
   

€’8. Geographic Source of Out-of-State Wheat Received by Texas Grain Elevators

by Region. I975

' ' ' ' ' ' ' f ' - --Originating State-- - - - - - - - — — - — -

fiing Oklahoma Kansas Nebraska New Mexico Colorado Other

N
N
N
o\°
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Eains 53.3 6.7 0.0 38.3 l.7 0.0
l00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

9h.9 5.l a/ 0.0 0.0 a/

§veRAcE 93.1 5.2 a/ 1.5 0.2 9/

es than .05 percent.

iicates on a state-wide basis the percent of out—of—state originated wheat
‘ived at Texas grain elevators from each originating state.

15

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Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.NQ Q.N N.QQ N.¢m \m QQ<NQ><
Q»<»N
Qz_N<z_Q_¢Q
Q.Q Q.QQ_ o.o Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q QQ_ Q.Q m.NQ m.m Q.Q¢ _.mm NMMMM
Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q m.QN N.QN Qm¢“Mwm
1 Q
Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q mQ_m»mQMQwM
Q .   . . . . mQ_Q_Q ;Q_I
Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q Q.Q Q.Q Q Q Q QQ_ Q Q Q QQ_ CLm£HLoz
_QQQ NQQQ» __m¢ NQQQN _m~Q xusgh _mQN NQQL» _QQQ NQQQP _.QQ NQQQN
>Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N
commom

L®£uO oumLo_ou oumxmz zmz mxmmgnmz mmwcmz mE0;m_xo mcm>mmumm

Other
Grain
Elevators
by % by
Truck Rail Truck Rail

0ut-of- Out-of-State

State

Flour

Mills
Z by % by Z
Truck Rail

Other
Texas
Elevators

by Z by

%
Truck Rail

Texas
Flour
Mills
% by % by
Truck Rail

Port of
Catoosa
% by Z by
Truck Rail

iana
% by
k Rail

- Destinations -
Loui
Ports
% by
Truc

WoSt
Coast
Ports
by % by

Truck Rail

%

Brownsville
Ports

% by Z by

Truck Rail

Corpus
Christi
Ports
% by % by
Truck Rail

Houston
Beaumont-
Galveston

Port
by % by
Truck Rail

Z

Modal Split on Wheat Shipped by Texas Elevators to Alternative Destinations, i975.
lpping Elevator
Region Storage
Capacity
(bushels)

Table l6.
Sh

cocnoio r\ OIDCDCD o o<oco o c>c>o o c> oc>c> Q Q<Q<§ Q Cf Q
c>c>c>o r\ o<ococ> o c>c>c> o c>c>o c><o coo c> o OIDID co c> o
o<o —
c>c>m>o <n c>c>c>o <o c>c>c> o c>c>o Q co coQ ca Q C2C2C2 Q Cf Q
c>c>o\c> N c>c>c>o co c>c>c> o ¢>c>o c><o c>o c> co c>c>o C) o o
o in as o o o o
or\c>o in o<ococ> o caoco o c>c>o 0 c> oc>c2 Q C2Q<Q Q ¢{ Q
or\<o an oiococa o c>c>c> o c>c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c> o c> o
c>o\o U\ o o
c>~\c>o in c>c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c>c>o Q ca cno Q co CQCZCZ Q C? Q
c>nic>o -— c>c>c>o co o<o<o co c>c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c: o c> o
\D(DP\O\ _ c>c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c>c>o o co coo ca Q cfcfcf Q Cf Q
4'Of$\O cn c>c>c>o co c>c>c> o c>c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c> o c> o
o\c>cuw (h
=¢>-— w <><><><> O <==><> °°°°.°. 90.0. <=: C290. o. <2 o.
u\c>o|~\ -4 c>c>c>o co c>c>c> o c>c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c> o c> o
a>c>aio <w ~\oic>o cn c>c>o cn c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c> o o
.5<5.4¢5 Q c§—§c§o <5 u§c>o <o oiococo o coo c> o o<oco o c> o
o<u>a\o in ~\~\c>o in ¢>o r\
o4C>o o <n n~a>c>o cw c>c>o c>c>o o co coQ cf Q CZCECZ Q CQ Q
u\4-1 o cn o\a>c>o in u\o<o o\ c>c>o o co coo c> o c>c>c> o c> o
>~~\~ -4 ~o~o 4- 61 o co o C> 2
>~c>-c> 4- c>c>c>c> c> ~\c>c> oi c>c>c>c> ~\ c>c>c> c> c>c>o c> ca o
c>c>c> N o<ococ> o n~c>c> o c>c>o<o ma c>c>c> 0 c>c>c> o c> o
F~O<fi<D as o\ o tn
~\c>0\o ~o c>c>c>o co F~O1D ma c>c>o<o r~ c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c> o
Ncoo\o r\ oiococo o oio<o ox c>c>o<o —- o<oco o o<oco o c> o
N <0 - — o -:
o<ococ> o caococo o o<oco o c>o<oco o o<oco o o<oco o ca o
c>c>c>c co o<ococ> o c>c>c> o oiococo o c>c>o <0 c>c>c> o ca o
c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c> c> c>c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c>c>c> c> c> o
c>c>c>c> ca c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c> c> c>c>o o co c>c>c> o c>c>c> o ca o
ococ>c> o c>o1oco o c>oco o caococo c> o<oco o c>oco o c> o
8<ococ> 8 c>ofoco o o<oco o ococ>c>co c>oco o o<oco o co o
c>c>oco o c>c>oco o o<oco o c>c>o<o CI o<oco o o<oco o ca o
c>o<oc> o c>c>oco o c>oco o ococ>o co c>o<o o o<oco o c> o
o<ococ> o c>c>c>o co c>c>c> o c>o<oco o c>c>c> o c>c>o co c> o
c>g<oco 8 e>c>oco o caoco o coc>c>o c> o<oco o o<oco o ca o
ocococo o cococ>c> o c>c>c> o o<ococ> o o<oco co v c>c>c> o ca o
c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c> o c>c>c>c><o c>c>c> c> c>c>o o c> o
o c>c>c> c> (3 c>c>c> c> c>c>c> c> c>c>c>c> c> c>c>c> c> c>c>cr c> o o
OlD(DCD o coc>c>c> o c>c>c> o o<ococo o c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c> o
c>c>c>o <o c>c>c>o co c>c>c> o O|DCDCD o c>c>o <o c>c>c> o ca o
o<ococ> o c>c>c>c> o c>c>c> o o<ococo o c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c> o
F~C>N\O -4 o~ocooo ~\ w\c>o - c>o<oco o c>c>c> o c>c>c> o c> o
>_c>u\o \O oincoow as <>c>o r\ c>o<oco o o<oco o o<oco o c> o
o\c>o\o cm o<o o\ aa o co
~\c>>~ ~o c>4-c>o: P~ >_c>c> c\ c>c>c> c>c>c> c> c>c>c> o ca o
o<c>4-o in o-scoco — ~\o<o as c>o<oco o o<oco o o<oco o ca o
~c — o<o o o o co o
a>¢>o\~\ —- <o<ncwc> o u\a\o r\ —-c>o-— ma c>c>c> o c>c>c> o 04 N
u\¢>N~o o\ Lo<>—-o \D —\oc> in o4C>Q\0 4- c>oco o c>o<o o c> o
>~w~o\o\ aa o\>¢nco o\ ¢>o\o <n — oin u\ _
N-:-— ox Nr\a>o co -o in o\c>o<n N o co o o<oco o ¢> cn
4-~\>c~\ o <n~wm>o -: aawwo -— h~O<O<fl ux o<oco o o<oco o mi 0\
niN - hJ— — — c>o -: 4- o o <n my
o o o o o o
c>o o<o c>o o<o c>o o<o
o<o c>o o<o c>o c>o c>o
o a o a om o a o A o a
0o no no no , so no
c>o<o w c>c>o m c>o U o<oco m c>o w c>o m m
c>c>c>o m c>c>c>o m c>c>o m o<ococ> m c>c>o m c>c>o m o m
oco -o m o<o -o m o<o - m o<o -c> m c>o - m o<o ~ m o in
o ~rfl - L c> -wx - L o -wn L o -wfi - L o -wn L o -wfi L o L
---|O U '~-—|O Q --—| U '~-—ICQ) ---| Q) --—| 6D *0)
coi c>o > c>i c>o > c>i o > o -coco > c>i o > C): o > o >
c>-c>c> < c>—-c>c> < c~—-c> < c>—-c>c> < c>—-c> < ca-c> < 0 i<
u\c>o - u\c>0 - u\oco uxoco - u\o<o u\c>o in
@ “(Q C  *9“ C @ '* C @ '~fl'\ C @ '~ C‘ Q '~ C w C
VI-c>A o woA o VI-o o VI-o A o VI-o o vl-o o o
c>o -- c>o -- c>o -- c>o ~ c>o -— c>o -- --
cro m c>o m c>o m o<o oi c>o m c>o m m
in - 0 in - 0 in - 0 in - 0 Ln - 0 in - 0 0
- m - x —- m - m - m - m x
U
v
c c c H
L L m m o P
0 in 0 <n cm LID m l‘
5 c L c -- c m u o c m 0 —1
u.c-- u.£-- —~— u m w-m -- O u hm
L owm o cam -— m m x -— m o m u 0 ‘UK
O-—- O--- o-— m 0 o o ~-— 0-— 8
z xza. vvzzn. mza. u4+- <s<o mza. a.¢ M

25

. .__mL new
lung“ >n vmugoamcmgw Ncoukoa oz“ mcommmk mc_>_oumL o>hNmcLo~_m cm mLo»m>o_m wmxow Lmzuo ow mLoNm>o_m mmxoh EOpw m~coEQ_;m “muck mmozu go» wm~mumvc_ \m

.mNLo¢ w_:u mmxoh won:_uxm \M

o.o o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ o.o _.o~ m.mN :.mw @.N_ N.mN ~.o~ _.m~ m.¢N \n zo_wmm wz_>_muwm
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ o.o .o.o . o.o o.o :mmNm_¢|moum¢
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ c.o o.o o.oo_ o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o wmxoh Nmmm
o.o o.o . o.o o.o o.oo_ o.o @.=m :.m¢ N.mm m.o E o.o o.o o.o o.o m¢_m_E @¢___o¢
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ o.o o.m: o.mm ¢.m@ @.¢m m.~ N.Nm m¢m~_¢ ;m@: ¢L@EN=¢w
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ o.o o.oo_ o.o ¢.mm @.¢ ~.mN N.oN mc_m_¢ gm”: ckozukoz
_~mN NQ=L» _mw¢ xuagh _mm¢ lush» __m¢ Nu=L» __m¢ NU=L» _,~¢ Nu=LN _mm¢ Nu=E»

E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N

wc_m_¢ . mc_m_¢ mc_m_¢
:mmum_¢ oucmgu . ummou mmxmh mc_m_¢ cm“: ;m_= commmm

umouom omm w_:u ummm mcm__o¢ cgocusow cpozugoz mcmaamcm

xunpu >n vmugoamcmgu ucoukoa 01¢ wcommmg mc.>_oumL

.__mL new
o>m~mcLm~_m ¢_ m@__E gsoflw mmxww ow mLo~m>m_o mmxm» 20>» mpcoaamnm Nmozz owozu Lo» mm~mumuc_

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00_ 9mm :.w_ m.wm mQN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0  2030mm Q2553;
Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ .Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q mmfifi $3
Q.Q Q.Q 9Q 9Q NQQ 9Q. 9R 9Q 9Q 9Q 9Q 9Q 9Q 9Q 2G; mfiIom
o.o o.o o.o o.oo_ @.o :.mm w.~m ~.w o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o mc.m_¢ ;Q.I cgmzugoz
_,~¢ xunkh __~¢ xunhh __~¢ xuagh _mmm xunhh _mmm lung» _mmm xunph _~mm xungw
E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N
.22; .23; m£2.*
:mm~m_¢ mucmgu Numou mmxwk mc_m_¢ ;m_: ;m_: commmm
1mouo¢ 00¢ @_:w ummm m:m__om cgmzuaow cgozugoz mc_Qaw;m
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mcommom mcm>mmuom 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

m~m_ .commmm >n m__mz L:o_m mmxok op mLo~m>m_u mmxo» EO;w m3o_m umm:3 co Nm_Qm _mnoz 4w_ o_nmk

\m

26

umcm: HCQULUQ mf m._o~m>m_m mumpmuwonuso OH

._mmL ucm xusgu >n umupoa

wLo~m>m_m mmxmw 50;» m~cmEQ_;m Nmmzz mmocu co mm~mu_v:_ \m

Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.NQ Q._ \m QQ<¢w><

QF<»w

Qz_>_QQQ¢

. . . . . . . . . . m=_~_Q £Q_=

Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q QQ_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q QLQQQQQQ

Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q ¢.wm Q._ mQQm@MQumwm
__mQ xungh _QQN NQQL» _,QN NQQQN _mmN NQQLN _mm¢ NQQLN
NQ N >Q N NQ N >Q N >Q N >Q N >Q N NQ N >QQN >Q N

commmm

Lozuo mco~mL< mmc;owm_mu mmmcmx mEo;m_1o mc_QQm:m

wmumum mcm>-mumm.|| 1%:

27

mQ_Q_Q ;Q_=

mm Q.Q Q.Q Q.Q Q.QQ_ Q.Q QQQQQLQZ
. . .Q  _.
Q.QQ_ Q Q Q Q Q
xusph _mQ¢ xungh
_m xusgh __mQ QUQLF _Q@Q QUQLW MMQW  >Q N >Q N >Q Q
M» W >@ N >Q N >Q N >@ N >3 Q 0 CQQQQQ
\ O Q1 ~EQQm_xQ m¢_QQm;m
m_:Lowm_mu wmmc
Lmgpo mco~m;<
- - - - - - - WQHQHW QQQ>_QQQ¢ - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -
0;» m3o_¢ pmmzz co u__Qm _QQQz .o~ m_nmh
E I
V o~m»m|»o|p=o 0H mLo~m>m_m mmxmw
m~m_ co_mmm >n m___z L:o_¢

28

 
  
  

iable lb

Appendix A

   
   
   
    
    
   
 
   
 

No respondents in this category.

§§  Elevator
f§ Study Storage Expansion
it Region Capacity Population Sample Factor
39 (bushels)
orthern g 500,000 127 28 11.536
hflgh Plains 500,00]-l,000,000 07 l6 2.938
fl l,000,00l-3,000,000 70 26 2.692
>3,000,000 2l 5 0.200
Region 265 75 3.533
iouthern é 500,000 71+ l0 7.1400
Qiigh Plains 500,001-1,000,000 20 9 2 222
2 l,000,00l-3,000,000 l6 6 2.667
>B,000,000 5 2 2.500
Region ll5 27 0.259
billing _<_ 500,000 106 20 5.300
Qlains 500,001-l,000,000 9 3 3.000
%a 1,000,001-3,000,000 8 2 0.000
Region l23 25 0.920
cast   _ 5 500,000 123 25 0.920
- gexas 500,00]-l,000,000 20 R 6.000
*2 l,000,00l-3,000,000 l0 5 2.000
>3,000,000 6 l 6.000
Region l63 35 h.657
  if   5 500,000 73 25 2.920
;f€St 500,00]-l,000,000 25 l0 2.500
’5 l,000,00l-3,000,000 15 9 l.667
>3,000,000 2 §_/ 0.000
Region ll5 fih 2.6lh
 

3Q Grande 5 500,000 1+1» 12 3.667
.§ains 500,00l'l,000,000 5 Q l.250
5 l,000,00l-3,000,000 3 3 l.000
Region 52 l9 2.737

 _<_ 500,000 25 9 2. 778

gjateau 500 , 001 -1 ,000 , 000 l» 9/ 0. 000

20 Region 29 3.222

Number of Grain Elevators and Flour Mills in Each Size Category and

Number of Respondents in Each Size Category for Subregions of Texas

29

Appendix B

  

Table B. Percent of Texas‘ Wheat Production Attributable to Each Study Reglé
1968-1975 _ 1%

30

Study '
Region 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 197h
2 2 ' 2 2 2 2 2
Northern

High Plains 52.9 55.6 52.6 77.l 62.8 67.6 63.5

Southern 2 1
High Plains 2.9 3.0 3.5 2.2 3.0 3.0 h.6

Rolling

Plains 32.2 29.7 30.2 10.8 28.3 20.2 33.2
East 7 0 s u 8 1 8 2 5 9 5 5 12 2
Texas . . . . . . .

Gulf 1
Coast 1.5 0.9 2.3 0.2 1.8 1.7 2.5 A?
Rio Grande

Plains 0.h 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.9
Pecos-

Plateau 3.1 2.0 2.8 1.0 1.5 1.h 2.1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are indebted to the Texas grain elevator industry for their excellent
cooperation throughout this study. Carl Shafer, Department of Agricultural Eco-
nomics, and Roland Smith, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, made valuable

contributions to the study.

All programs and information of The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station are available to everyone without regard to race, color,
religion, sex, age, or national origin.

Mention of a trademark name or a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by The Texas

Agricultural Experiment Stationand does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable.

The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, J. E. Miller, Director, College Station, Texas.
2M — 8-77