czoflon EXPI/Elvq ,=’ l/ TEXHS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. BU DDETIN N0. 50. Agricultural Sectiorz-IPEBRUARY, 1899.-—Field Crops and Live Stock. IIVIENTS. COLLEGE STATION, VARIETIES. FERTILIZERS, BEEVILLE, TEXAS, VARIETIES. VARIETIES AND DISTANCE. POSTOFFICEZ COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS ($0., TEXAS. J. J. PASTORIZA PRINTING & LITHO. c0. HOUSTON, 1899. [l] TEXflS HGRIGULTURHL EXPERIMENT STHTIONS. CDFFICJERS. GOVERNING BOARD. (BOARD or‘ DIRECTORS A. a M. COLLEGE ) Hon. F. A. REICHARDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Houston. HON. W. R. CAVITT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Bryan. Hon. F. P. HOLLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Dallas. HON. CHAS. HOGAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Brownwood. HON. J EFF. JOHNSON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Austin. Hon. MARION SANsoM . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . .Alva.rado' STATION STAFF. THE PRESIDENT OF THE COLLEGE. J. H. CONNELL, M. So . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Director. H. H. HARRINGTON, M. Sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Chemist. M. FRANCIS, D. V. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Veterinarian. R. H. PRICE, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Horticulturist. B. C. PITTUCK, B. S. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agriculturist. P. S. TILSON, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Associa.te Chemist. H. N ESS, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Horticulturist. W. C. MARTIN, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Assistant Chemist. H. C. KYLE, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . “Foreman of Farm. L. L. MCINNIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Treasurer J. G. HARRISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Bookkeeper. SUPERINTENDENT OF BEEVILLE STATION. S. A. MCHENRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Beeville, Bee County. N0TE.—TIte main station is located on the grounds 0f the Agricultural and Mechanical College in Brazos County. The postofiice address is COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS. Reports from this station are sent to farmers of the State upon (application to the Director. L2] Experiments With Cotton at College Station. B. C. PITTUC K . SU-lllillltlkRY. "The following experiments with cotton were carried on at this Station during the seas-on of 1898: 1. ‘At continuation 0f test with varieties—-12 varvieties. 2. ‘A continuation of test with fertilizers—fertilizors ap~ plied during January, 1897; first yea-rls work published in Bul- let-in N-o. 45 of this Station. I. ‘The five varieties making the largest average yields of seed cotton during three g/ea~1's-18!l4, 1895 and 1898-were: l3ounds. (1) Beck’s Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1390 (2) DlXOIYS Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219 (3) Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196 (4) Sure Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119-1 (5) Cochran’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174 The five varieties making th-e largest yield of seed cotton per acre during 1898 were: Pound (1) Dixon’s Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1390 (2) Beck’s Big Boll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328 t3) Lowry's Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1296 (4) Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282 (5) Bohemian * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221 The five varieties marking the largest ononeg value per acre during 1898 were: Lint. Seed. Total. Beck’s Big Boll (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25.87 2.65 28 52 Lowry’s Prolific (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28.05 2.44 30.49 Peerless (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25.30 2.55 2785 Bohemian * (s) .................... .. 20.36 2.41 28.77 Sure Fruit (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25.55 2.37 27.92 * Yield, and value 0t‘ yield, with Bohemian Cotton represents an average of three pl0ts~1, 6 and 13. [31 4 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. II. Of the Nitrogen-Phosphoric Acid fertilizers, Cotton Seed Meal, at the rate of 500 pounds per acre, gave the largest yield —-1357 pounds seed cotton. Of the Phosphatic fertilizers, Bone Black, at the rate of 500 pounds per acre, gave the largest yield——1315 pounds seed cotton. 0f the Potash- Lime fertilizers, WVood Ashes at the rate of 2000 pounds per acre, gave the largest yield—1063 pounds seed cotton. - Of the Complete fertilizers, Acid Phosphate and Stable Man- ure, at the rate of 200 pounds and 4000 pounds respectively, gave the largest yield-—1162 pounds seed cotton. The largest net gain from the use of fertilizers ($2.16 per acre) was given by a single application of ‘C-ot-ton ‘Seed M-eal at the rate of 500 pounds per acre. The average value per acre for 1897 ‘and 1898 shows that gains in money value were made by single applications of Nitrogen in the form of Cotton Seed Meal or Stable Manure; Phosphoric Acid in the form of Bone I-llaclc; Potash and Lime in the form of Wood A shes and Cotton Seed Hull Ashes; and combinations of Acid Phosphate and Stable Manure. EXPERIMENTS wxrn COTTON. 5 VARIETY TEST. A test 0f varieties with cotton was begun in 1894, and con- tinued during th-e seasons of 1895 and 1898. Of 32 varieties ordered for experimental purposes during 1898 we are only able t-o report upon 12 distinct varieties, ais a large per cent of the sacks of seed were poorly tagged and labeled, leaving many of the varieties unknown to us. All varieties were planted April 26, and germinated to fair stands. April 28, cotton logged off; May 2, ridges harrowed with Orrick harrow; May 14, middles harrowed with Orriek harrow (set V shape); May 20, pliou~'ed with riding plow; May 30, cultivated with double stock——14-inch sweeps; June 14, hoed and thinned to stand; J une 23, cultivated with double stock—-l4-inch sweeps; July 16, cultivated with single sweeps, running, around and splitting middles. ‘The growtlh of cotton was good throughout the (entire season. . Seeds used in this test were purchased as follows: Bohemian-Jfexas Experiment Station. Beck’s Big Bo1l——C. B. Beck, Bryan, Texas. Cochran’s Prolific—Mark W. Johnson Seed Company, At- lanta, Ga. Smith’s Improved-E. A. Smith, Conye-rs, Ga. 'Tyler’s Limbed Clu=ster—-Alexan~d-er Drug and Seed Com- pany, Augusta, Ga. Sure Fruit——W». M. Girardeau, Monticello, Fla. Peerless—H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Hawkins Extra Prolific—Alexander Drug and Seed Com- pany, "Augusta, Ga. Doughty’s Extra Long Staple-Alexander Drug and Seed Company, Augusta, Ga. Griffins Drouth Prioof—Mark W. Johnson Seed Company, Atlanta, Ga. Lowry’s Prolific-—J. G. Lowry, Cartersville, Ga. The following table gives date a11d amount of each piCklllg, total yield seed cotton and lint, and value of seed and lint at market prices: TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 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NNN NN E: NNN NNN NNN N254 roO ooow newsman .3 i: ounobH PQGMJQOU NN N 5 NN NNN NNN dN NNN: NNN dNN NNN ANNNda £92m Nddm m .2 =dm NE WNXDQm NN NN NN NNN NNN NNN NN NNN: NNN NNN 8N ..........€d.:dNw NNNSNNNNNQNNNH NNNNNVINSNENNBN no: non n03 mwquom moudon “E5 25:0.» 5.3mm m dmwm om $54 a ddqsw NWNNNWN. i? in“. d. émwd NNN NNN NNN NNNNENS Nd dEN> NdMNNNNNm NNN...» Eda N Nwddw NNN» dwddwm “NNN: a m; "OQH v-vr-i O v-n ‘ vdNfifl ‘H1O QOB®OJ E n. éSBQ| NNNNNNLNN» EXPE RIMEN TB WITH COTTON. 7 The following table includes the average yield seed cotton o-f eight varieties 10f cotton for each of the three years, 1894, 1895 and 1898, together with the average of all yields of each variety for three years: Varieties-Average Yields for Three Years. VARIETIES Yield Seed Cotton—Pounds figfgaggr 1394 1995 199s 3 Years Bohemian ......................... .. (s) 952 (s) 925 (9)1050 (s) 979 Beck’s Big Boll ................... (5)1243 1) 113s (2) 132s (1) 123s Cochran’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (3) 1287 (2) 1083 (6) 1154 (5) 1174 Tyler’s Limbed Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (1) 1490 (7) 931 (7) 1094 (6) 1171 Sure Fruit ....................... .. (2)1390 (5)1013 (4)1130 (4)1194 Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (6) 1239 (3) 1067 (3) 1282 (3) 1196 Hawkins’ Extra Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7) 1238 (4) 1063 (5) 1169 (7) 1156 Dixon’s Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (4) 1279 (6) 959 (1) 1390 (2) 1219 SUIMMALRY. ‘The following summary of the result of experiments with varieties of cotton during 1894, 1895 and 1898 are given, that the read-er may easily refer and co-mpare the results of 1898: SEASON‘ on 1895 (34 VAmETIEs). The five varieties which made the largest yield seed cotton per acre in 1895, early planting, were: Pounds.‘ (1) Dickson Early Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1364 (2) Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223 (3) C0chran’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1216 (4) Texas Oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196 (5) Welborn’s Pet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1195 The five varieties which made the largest money value per acre in 1895, early planting, were: Texas Oak (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$35 56 Jones’ Improved (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 89 Cochran’s Prolific (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34 88 Welborn’s Pet (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 42 Dickson’s Early Cluster (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33 72 ‘The five varieties which made the largest yield seed cotton per acre in 1895, late planting, were: Pounds. (1) Welborn’s Pet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1175 (2) Beck’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142 (3) Peterkin Limbed Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1114 (4) Sure Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1099 . (5) Texas Oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1095 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. The five varieties which m-ade the largest money value per acre in 1895, late planting, were: Welborn’s Pet (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$33 88 Jones’ Improved (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 84 Beck’s Prolfic (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 92 Peterkin Limbed Cluster (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 81 Texas Oak (5) - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31 43 Samson OF 1894 (31 VARIETIES). The five varieties which 1na.de the largest yield seed cotton per acre in 1894, early planting, were: Pounds. (1) Sure Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1282 (2) Drake’s Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1251 (3) Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1230 (4) Hawkins’ Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1229 (5) Allen Long Staple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1224 The five varieties which made the largest yield seed cotton per acre in 1894, late planting, were: Pounds. (1) Peterkin Limbed Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 (2) Herlong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1760 (3) Peterkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538 (4) Truitt’s Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1522 (5) Southern Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1518 SEASON OF 1898 (12 VARIETIES). The five varieties making the largest yield seed cotton per acré were: Pounds. (1) Dixon’s Improved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1390 (2) Beck’s Big Boll . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328 (3) LoWry’s Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296 (4) Peerless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282 (5) Bohemian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221 The five varieties making the largest money value per acre were: Lowry’s Prolific (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$30 49 Bohemian (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 77 Beck’s Big B011 (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28 52 Sure Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 92 Peerless (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27 85 DESCRIPTION OF THIRTY-ONE VARIETIES OF COTTON. LONG STAPLE. Allenfis Long Staple.—Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Long limbs put out from near the ground, short limbs (with short joins bearing cotton) put out from these long limbs and from the main stalks. Bolls medium size, long and pointed, distri- EXPERIMENTS wrrn COTTON. 9 buted on short limbs from main stalk and from the short ones growing out from the long limbs. Plant a vigorous grower, average height 4 11-112 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed, 75 cents per half bus e1. Ooltharpb Eureka-Seed from Coltharp Bros, 'l‘alullah, La. Descrip- tion: Resembles Allen’s Long Staple in main charztcteristics. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. _ Dalkeitlfis Eureka —Seed from D. G. I~1umphrey’s, Dalkeith, La. Description: Stalk very open with long limbs and long joints, bolls small; average height of plant, 3 1-2 feet, with very light green ifoliagv. Cost of seedl, $1 per half bushel. Hurleg/s Ghoice.—Seed from ‘T. C. Hurley, Pottsboro, Texas. Descrip- tion: Stalk very open, with long limbs, small bolls; average height of plant, 4 feet; vigorous, with dark green foliage. Seed donated. Jones’ TVo1ider-fnl.—Seed from J. H. Jones, Herndon, Ga. Description; Long limbs, with long joints; bolls large, long and pointed; plant a vigorous grower; average height 4 1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. Matthews’ Extra Long Staple-Seed from J. A. Matthews, Holly Springs, Miss. Description: Resembles A.llen’s Long Staple in main characteristics. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. Southern H0pe.—Seed from E. J. McGehee, Pinckneyville, Miss. Description: Stalk pyramidal in shape, long drooping limbs with long joints, three to six bolls on each limb, bolls medium size, long and pointed, plant large and vigorous, average height 5 feet, with ilight green foliage. Seed cost $2 per half bushel. LONG LIMBED VARIETIES. Beclds Big BolZ.—Seed from C. B. Beck, Bryan, Texas. Description: Resembles Bohemian in main characteristics. Cost of seed, T5 cents per half bushel. Bohemian-Seed from Rudolph Simmons, College Station, Texas. Description: Stalk low, broad and open, with long limbs, bolls very large and round, usually containing five locks of cotton each, plant small, average height 3 1-2 feet, with dark green foliage. Cost of seed. 25 cents per half bushel. Diar0n’s Improccd.—Seed from Capers Dixon, Oxford, Ga. Descrip- tion: Stalk open, long limb-s with very short joints, bolls medium size and round, average height of plant 3 1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed, $1.25 per half bushel. Dooleg/s Improved-Seed from W. B. Dooley, Wharton, Texas. Description: Resembles Marston in main characteristics. Seed do- nated. Jones’ Improved-Seed from V. B. Hardy, Bryan, Texas. Description: Stalk small, low and open, with long limbs, bolls round and above medium size, average height of plant 3 feet, with dark green foliage. Cost of seed, "5 cents per half bushel. King’s Improoed.—Seed from T. J. King, Louisburg, N. C. Description: Stalk very open, with long limbs, bolls small, average height of plant 2 1-2 feet, with very llight green foliage. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. Marston-Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Stalk very open, long limbs put out from near the ground, limbs of medium length put out from the main stock and the long limbs, bolls medium size, plant vigorous, average height 4 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed. 5O cents per half bushel. PeeZer.—Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Stalk very large and open, with long (lrooping limbs, bolls medium size, long and pointed, plant a vigorous grower, average height 5 .1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. 1O TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Peterkin Improvett-Seed from Alexander Drug and Seed Company, Augusta, Ga. Description: Stalk very open, with long limbs, bolls medium size, average height of plant 4 1-2 feet, with light green fol- iage. Cost 0f seed, 65 cents per half bushel. Peterkin Limbed Oluster.—Seed from Alexander Drug and Seed Com- pany, Augusta, Ga. Description: Long limbs with short joints, bolls very small, plant a vigorous grower, average height 4 1-2 feet, with dark green foliage. Cost of seed‘; 25 cents per half bushel. Petit Gulf-Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Resembles Peeler in main characteristics. Cost of seed, 38 cents per half bushel. Sure Fruit-Seed from W. M. Girardeau, Monticello, Fla. Description: Resembles Marston in main characteristics. Cost of seed, $3 per half bushel. Tennessee Gold Dust-Seed from Jenkins & Trobaugh, Stewartville, - Tenn. Description: Stalk very open, with long limbs, bolls medium ‘size, average height of plant 3 tfeet, with very light green foliage. Seed! cost $4 per half bushel. Tennessee Gold Dust-Seed from T. C. Hurley, Pottsboro, Texas. Description: Seed badly mixed. Seed donated. Tea-as Storm Proof-Seed from W. J. Smilie, Baileyville, Texas. Description: Stalk very large, with very long limbs, bolls large and round, average height of plant ,4 1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Seed donated. _ Truitfls Improoed.—Seed from G. W. Truitt, La Grange, Ga. Descrip- tion: Stalk low, broad and open, with long limbs with short joints, \ often bearing bolls on opposite sides of the limb; bolls medium size, roun-d; plant vigorous, with very large dark green foliage. Cost of seedl, $1 per half bushel. Tyler’s Limbed O'luster.-—Seed from Alexander Drug and Seed Com- pany, Augusta, Ga. Description: Stalk very open; long limbs, with very short joints; bolls small; average height 5 1-2 feet; plant vig- orous, with light green foliage. Seed donated. CLUSTER VARIETIES. Beck’s Prolific-Seed from C. FB. Beck, Bryan, Texas. Description: Long limbs put out from near the ground, short limbs (with short joints bearing cotton) put out from these long limbs from the main stalks; bolls medium size and round; plant small; average height of plant 3 ‘feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed, 75 cents per half bushel. Oochran’s Prolific-Seed from Mark W. Johnson Seed Company, At- lanta, Ga. Description: Resembles Beck’s Prolific in main character- istlcs. Cost of seed, 90 cents per half bushel. Drake's Olusten-Seed from R. W. Drake, Laneville, Ala. Descrip- tion: Resembles Beck’s Prolific in main characteristics. Cost of seed, $1 per‘ half bushel. _ Hawkins’ Improved-Seed from Alexan-der Drug and Seed Company, Augusta, Ga. Description: Resembles Beck’s Prolific in main char- acteristics. Cost of seed, $1 per half bushel. Herlonc-Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Resembles Beck’s Pro-lific ‘in main characteristics. Cost of seed, 75 cents per half bushel. Peerless-Seed from H. C. Prevost, New Orleans, La. Description: Stalk open, pyramidal in shape, long limbs with very short joints, bolls medium size, average height of plant 3 1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Cost of seed. $1 per half bushel. Welborn’s Pet.——Seed from Jeff D. Welborn, New Boston, Texas. Description: Long limbs put out from near the ground’, bolls form in \/ clusters along the main stalk and long limbs, average height of plant 3 1-2 feet, with light green foliage. Seed donated. /. EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON. 11' FEYRTILIZERS. ‘This test Was begun during 1897. Fertilizer applications were made during January 0f the same year. The results of the first year’s Work (1897) was published in Bulletin N0. 45 of this Station. Fertilizer applications were not repeated la.st season as we desired t0 observe the continued effect of each application through a period of several years. llhe crop following the application of fertilizers did not shiow as great a difference in yield between fertilized and un- fertilized plots, as did the crop grown on same plots one season later. During 1897 no applications gave gain in money value from the use of fertilizers, but the following season (1898), which was distinctly favorable to large yields per acre in this section, showed a gain in mloney value in several in- stances. Averaging the yields of the two seasons (1897 and 1898) and computing the values at varying prices ( 1 5-8, 1 6-8, 1 7-8 and 2 cents per pound for seed cotton) we find that un- d-er av-erage conditions in this sectio-n we can make profitable applications of Nlitrogen- and Phosphoric Acid in the form of Ootton ISIeed Meal or Stable Manure; Phosphoric Acid in the forms of Bone Black; Potash and Lime in t-he- form -of Wood Ashes or Cot-ton lSleed Hull Ashes; also combinations of Phos- phoric Acid and Sltable Manure. The average of two years’ work shows a net l-o-ss in yield of seed 1oot-ton from the use o-f lime alone. The percentage increase in yield o-f seed cotton from the use of each fertil-izer during the seas-on immediately following their application (1897) and the following season of 1898, are given below: 12 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Per Cent. increase p10, FERTILIZER-APPLIED JANUARY, 1897. mm ‘liszifis er __atYEraagé —j—-———-—-—- o wo 1897 189s Yea" 22 (Check)—No manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 300 pounds Kainit in subsoil furrow; 300 pounds surface application . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 5.1 3,9 24 500 pounds Lime in subsoil furrow; 500 pounds surface application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .79 * 25 2000 pounds Wood Ashes; 400 pounds Cot- ton Seed Meal; 300 pounds Acid Phos- phate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 17.6 26 100 pounds Kainit; 400 pounds Acid Phos- phate; 150 pounds Nitrate Soda . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39.4 16.3 32 (Check)—No Manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2000 pounds Wood Ashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30.0 16.3 34 200 pounds Muriate of Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.0 6.0 35 500 pounds Acid Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,9 4137 g3 9 36 200 pounds Acid Phosphate; 4000 pounds stable manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J77 42,1 231; 37 300 pounds Nitrate of Soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.3 12.0 38 4000 pounds stable manure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23.5 9.9 39 500 pounds Cotton Seed Hull Ashes . . . . .. 1.4 23.5 13,6 40 500 pounds Bone Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11,8 60,8 3&3 41 500 pounds Bone Meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 58.2 33.3 42 325 pounds Bat Guano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43.4 23.6 43 Cotton planted broadcast; no cultivation given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.5 . . . . . . . . 44 500 pounds Cotton Seed Meal . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.7 65.9 39.9 *Decrease. From the above table we infer that th-e fertilizers had very little effect upon the crop during the season immediately fol- lowing their applicati0n—the range of increase from their use during that season running fro-in .77 per cent t-o- 11.8 per cent— neither being suflicient to pay -the cost of any fertilizer ap- plication. During the season of 1898 the per cent increase in yield from the use of fertilizers was greater. The average per cent increase in yield fo-r two years is given in last column. The average yields of seed cottoln for two jyear-s at 1 5-8—a low estimatc;per pound (4 7-8 cents per pound for lint) plots 33 (16.3 per cent increase), 36 (23.6 per cent increase), 38 (9.9 per cent increase), 39 (13.6 per cent increase), 44 (39.9 per cent increase), gave a net gain from the use of fertilizers. -Bone Black (38.8 per cent increase) gave a loss from its use, calculating seed cotton at 1 5-8 cents; at 1 6-8 cents and above the application of Bone Black gave a net gain. The application of ‘Voted Ashes ($1 per acr-e) made a larger net gain than a combination of acid phosphate and stable manure ($2.50 per acre), or, single applications of stable man- ure ($1 per acre), or cotton seed hull ashes ($1.25 per acre). EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON. 13 The costliest fertilizer of those making net gains made the largest net gain-cotton seed meal ($3.75 per acre). The cost -of ‘commercial fertilizers in this State is enormous, because of high freight rates—there being no fertilizer d-epots of any consequence nearer than New Orleans. Consequently the farmer is limited to the home supply, such as stable man- ure, Wood ashes, cotton seed meal, cotton seed lhull ashes- and lime. Of th-ese cotton seed meal is th-e costliest. The first two are the cheapest. Of the above mentioned fertilizers We may call cotton seed meal and stable manure nitrogenous fertilizers, although the former contains a fair percentage of phosphoric acid. lVood ashes and cotton seed hull ashes are potash fertilizers and also exert a beneficent effect upon the physical condition because ‘of the large amount of lin1e they contain. Lime, when applied to tight, imperviou-s soils, makes them pliable and easier to Work as Well as leaving easier conditions for root penetration. lThe table on next page shows the range of profit as regu- lated by the price of cotton. In every instance, except Plot 24, With an increase in price for cotton the per cent of increase in gain grows larger. Tlhe actual yield on plot No. 24 Was less than on unfertilized land, consequently With an increase in price We increase the loss. In this table the value of the average yield of tWo years (1897 and 1898) has been estimated at 1 5-8 cents, 1 6-8 cents, 1 7-8 cents and 2 cents per pound for seed cotton; also, the net decrease or increase from the use of fertilizers at each rate. 14 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. wwnwo w? In: pow 3.6a awn Bnoo Hxwflcumom 6e wpmoo X; 35H now venom .35 wwuwo wwuwwuow eon @250 RH we weiawewnw nofioa wwww w. an: .Ho.H canon emu EH60 wflunsom eon mHEoo a 5n: pow 350m eon B93 wwwflwnwoa emu www» ww ww www» ww wH w?» ww wH www» ww wH wHHwwH »w% M» w ....n..nHwwwwwwwwwwmwwwwwwwwwww www Hw wH ww wH ww : ww wH w »ww ww w wzeew we ewwwwwwww wwwwwHe ewwwwo ...... ....-. ......®® ...... ww wlw» wH wH H!»w wH ww Hlww »H w» TnHo wH Hmwww wwwH w.w»w .w» w wewwH we www w» w+ ww ww ww w+ ww wH Hww w+ ww »H ww w! ww wH wwwwH wHwH w.ww» ww w ewwE wewm we www w» w+ ww wH ww w+ w» wH ww w+ w» wH ww w+ ww wH w www wHwH H w»w ww H ..:.....wwHHww. 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Nitrate of Soda. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 656 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.12; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 14.5 pounds; lint 11.4 pounds. 18'9'8—Yield seed lin-t per acre, 1000 pounds; value ~of s-eed lint at 2 cents, $20; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 183 pounds; lint 60.8 pounds. Stable Manure. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 614.3 poun-ds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $12.28; decrease in yield o-f seed lint below check plot, 27.2 pounds; lint, 9 pounds 1898--Yield seed lint per acre, 1010 pounds; value o-f seed lint at 2 cents, $20.20; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 193 pounds; lint, 64.1 pounds. Bat Guano. 1897—Yield seed linrt per acre, 653.6 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.07; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 12.1 pounds; lint, 9 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1173 pounds; value of s-eed lint at 2 cents, $23.46; increase in yield of seed - lint above ch-eck plot, 356 pounds; lint 18.5 pounds. Cotton Seed Meal. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 711.16 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $14.23; increase in yield of seed lint abo-v-e check plot, 70.1 pounds; lint, 17.8 pounds. 1898-—Yield seed lint per acre, 1357 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $27.14; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 540 pounds; lint, 179.8 pounds. PHOSPHATIC. Acid Phosphate. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 673 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.46; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 31.5 pounds; lint, 2.1 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1159 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $23.18; increase in yield of seed l-int above ch-eck plot, 342 pounds; lint, 113.8 pounds. Bone Black. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre,‘738.5 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $14.77; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 97 pounds; lint, 20.8 pounds. p '1898—Yield seed lint p-er acre, 1315 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 c-ents, $26.30; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 498; lint, 165.8 pounds. 16 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Bone Meal. 1897-—Yield seed lint per acre, 676.-8 pounds; value of seed Lint at 2 cents, $13.53; increase in yield of seed lint abov-e check pl-ot, 35.3 pounds; lint 12.3 pounds 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1294 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $25.88; increase in yield seed llint above check plot, 477 pounds; lint, 158.8 pounds. POTASH. Katntt. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 676.9 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.53; increase in y-ield of seed lint above check plot, 16.5 pounds; lint, 12.1 pounds. 1898—-Y'ield seed lint per acre, 860 pounds; value of seed lliIl-t at 2 cents, $17.20; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 43 pounds; lint, 14.1 pounds. Wood Ashes (Potash -and Irime.) 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 656.6 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.13; in- crease in yield of seed lint above check plot, 15.1 pounds; lint, .16 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1063 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $21.26; increase in yield of seed linlt above check plot, "246 pounds; lint, 81.8 pounds. Zlfartate of Potash. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 584.1 ' pounds; value of seed li11t at 2 cents, $11.68; d-ecrease in yield of seed lint below check plo-t, 57.4 pounds; lint, 17.4 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 983 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $19.66; increase .in yield of seed lint above check plo-t, 166 pounds; lint, 55.1 pounds. Cotton Seed Hall Ashes (Potash and Lime). 1897——Yield seed lint per acre, 670.1 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.40; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 28.6 pound-s; lint, 12.4 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1010 pounds; value of seed linlt at 2 cents, $20.20; increasepin ye-ild of seed lint above cIhe-ck plot, 193 pounds; lint, 64.1 pounds. COMBINATIONS . Wood Ashes, Cotton Seed Meal, Acid Phosphate. 11897——Yield seed lilnt per acre, 654.6 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.09; decrease in yield of seed lint below check plot, 5.8 pounds; lint, 12.8 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1084 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $21.68; increase in yield of see-d lwint above check plot, 267; linlt, 88.8 pounds. Katntt, Acid Phosphate, Nitrate of Soda. 1897—Yield seed lint per acre, 579.1 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON. 17 $11.58; decrease in yield of seed lint below check plot, 81.3 pounds; lint, 18.4 pounds. 1898—Yield seed lint per acre, 1140 pound-s; va.lu-e of seed lint at 2 cents, $22.80; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 323 pounds; lint, 107.5 pounds. Acid Phosphate, Stable Illa/aura. '1897—Ylield seed lint per acre, 665.5 pounds; value of seed lint at 2 cents, $13.31; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 24 pounds; lint, 2.4 pounds. *1898——Yiel‘d seed lint per acre, 1162 pounds; value of seed llint at 2 cents, $23.24; increase in yield of seed lint above check plot, 345 pounds; lint, 114.8 pounds. GEDARAUTER or STAPLE. A sample of lint was taken as the yield from each plot was ginned——varieties and fertilizers. ‘These samples were for- warded to The Slayden-Clarkson-Robards 00., of Houston, Texas. ‘The number of each classification corresponds with the plot from which the sample was ta.ken. “Houston, ‘Texas, February 18, 1899. “Mr. B. G. Pittuck, College Station, Texas: “Dear "Sin-I herewith beg to submit classification on the 32 samples of cotton sent me; also, prices of same based on Houston spot quotations of this day (February 1'8, 1899)—< 6 3-8 basis middling. The extra length in staple, you will not-e, brings a premium. I beg to advise, however, that had these cottons been pressed and baled it would have reduced th-e grade about 1-4. “Y t 1 Ours Veljy m y, “Jules Crastenado.” Varieties. 1. {Bohenriam-American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 2. Beck’s Big Boll—American middling, 1 11-8 inch staple, strong; color goodl; price, 6 1-2 cents. 3. O0chran’s Prolific-American strict low middling; poor, price, 6 3-16 cents. 4. Smiths Improved-—American strict low middling; poor; good color; price, 6 3-16 cents. 5. Tyler’s Limbed Cluster-American middling; poor; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. 6. Bohemiam-American strict middling, 1 1-8 ‘inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 7. Sure Fruit-American strict low middling; poor; color good; price, 6 3-16 cents. 8. Peerless-American middling, 28 m. m. staple; soft; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. a 18 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 9. Hawkins’ Extra Pro1ific—Amer1can strict low mid-dlling, 28 m. m. staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-16 cents. 10. Doughty’-s Extra Long Staple—American middling, 1 1-4 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 11-16 cents. 13. YBohemian~American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 14. Griflin’s Drouth Proof—American middling, 28 m. m. staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. 15. Dixon’s Improved-American mildldling, 28 m. m. staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. 4.19. Lowry’s Prolific-American middling, 28 m. m. staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. Fertilizers. 22. Check (no manurQ-American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good’; price, 6 3-4 cents. 23. Potash (KainiO-American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, ' strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 24. Lime—American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 25. Potash (Wood ashes), Nitrogen (C. S. meal), Phosphoric Acid (acid phospha.te)——American middling, 28 m. m. stalple, soft; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. 26. Potash (Kainit), Phosphoric Acid (acid phosphate), Nitrogen (nitrate of soda)—American middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 1-2 cents. 32. Check (no fertilizen-American strict middling, 1 ‘1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 33. Potash (wood ashes)—American middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good: price, 6 1-2 cents. 34. Potash (muriate o-f potash)-American middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 1-2 cents. 35. Phosphoric Acid (acid phosiphatQ-American middling, 1 3-16 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 9-16 cents. 36. Phosphoric Acid (acid phosphate) Nitrogen (stable manure)- American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cent-s. 37. Nitrogen (nitrate of soda)—American strict middling, 28 m. m. staple, soft; color good; price, 6 5-8 cents. 38. Nitrogen (stable manure)—American middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 1-2 cents. 39. Potash (C. S. hull ashes)—American strict middling, 1 3-16 inch staple. strong; color good; price, 6 13-16 cents. 40. Phosphoric Acid (bone black)—American middling. 28 m. m. staple, soft; color good; price, 6 3-8 cents. 41. Phosphoric Acid (bone meaD-American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 42. Nitrogen (bat guanm-American middling, |1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 1.-2 cents. 43. Check (no =fertilizer)—American strict middling, 1 1-8 inch staple, strong; color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. 44. Nitrogen (C. S. meaD-American strict middling. 1 1-8 inch staple, strong, color good; price, 6 3-4 cents. EXPERIMENTS WITH COTTON AT BEEYILLE. B. C- PITTUCK AND S. A. Me HENRY. SUMMARY. The following experiments were carried on with cotton at the Beeville Station during 1898: 1. A “variety” test—12 varieties. 2. ‘A “variety and distance test”—5 varieties, the distanc-e varying from 3-f-oot rows and 2 feet -in the drill to 5-f-oot rows and 3 feet in the drill. I. The five varieties making the largest yield seed cotton per acre were: Pounds. (1) Nancy Hanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 711 (2) Gilbert"s Lamb Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 (3) Hawkins’ Extra Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 (4) Grifiin’s Drouth Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678 (5) Duncan’s Mammoth Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64.2 The five varieties making the largest money value per acre were:. (3) Hawkins’ Extra Prolific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .$17 05 (4) Griffin’s Drouth Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16 59 (1) Nancy Hanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 18 (2) Gilbert’s Lamb Wool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 35 (5) Duncan’s Mammoth Prolifi-c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 49 II. Humphreyis Dailklieth and vStricklandis Improved gave best results when planted in 3-foot rows and 2 feet in the drill. Beck’s Improved and Lowry’s Improved gave best results when plant-ed in 41-foot rows and 2 feet in the drill. Texas Oak gave best results when planted in 4-foot ro-ws and» 3 feet in the drill. ‘Of the five varieties Beck’s Improved gave largest yield at eaoh distance of planting. VAlR-IEITY TEST. Land for a test of. varieties of cotton was prepared by breaking to a depth of seven inches witlh Canto-n Disc plow during January and cross harrowed previous to planting. Ootton was planted March 21, using -an Avery planter. [19] 20 The following cultivation was given the growing crop: TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. ‘April 9—Cultivated with a G-shovel riding cultivator. April 27—-Same. ‘May 14—Cultivated with double shovel. May 17——Chopped and thinned to 20 inch-es. May 25——*Cultivated with 6-shovel riding cultivator. June 15——Cultivated with double stock—one shovel and one sweep. d July 9—#Cultivate-d with double stock-two sweeps. Varieties-Cotton. Plot 66 67 68 69 70 71 '72 '73 74 75 76 82 First Second Third Qggfil Per Total VARIETIES Pick’g Pick’g Pick'g Seed Cent. Yield Aug. 3 Aug. 1'7 Sept.10 Cotton Llnt Lint Hawkins’ Extra Prolific ... 180 307 190 687 38.3 263 Tyler’s Limbed Cluster . . . .. 235 265 85 585 33.5 196 Dixon’s Improved . . . . . . . . . . 295 260 70 625 29 3 183 Sure Fruit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' 195 190 129 514 32 4 166 *Nancy Hanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 295 81 711 32.2 229 *Cochran’s Extra Prolific . . . . 270 205 47 522 32 7 170 *Ge0rgia Standard . . . . . . . . . 250 270 79 599 33.3 199 Doughty’s Extra Long Staple 205 250 79 534 28 4 151 *Duncan’s Mammoth Prolific 300 250 92 642 31.7 203 *Griflin’s Drouth Proof . . . . . . 230 320 128 678 33.9 230 Gilbertfs Lamb Wool . . . . . . 410 230 61 701 30.7 215 Bohemian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 400 54 508 31. 4 159 * Mark W. Johnson, Atlanta, Ga. VARIETY AND DISTANCE. During the season of 1897 the land used in the test was plowed six inches deep with a 10-inch John Deer-e walking plow, followed -in every other furrow with a Rock Island Sub- soil plow, running to an average depth of 10 inches. tion of land for this year’s Work consisted of breakling land seven inches deep during January, using a Canton Disc plow. Previous to planting land was cross-harrowed. On March 19, 1898, furrows were opened with an eight-inch slh-ovel on a single stock, and corn planted with Canton Corn and Cotton ' planter. _ The following cultivation was given the growing crop: April 9—Cultivated with a six-shovel riding plow. April" 27—Cultiva