298-913-10111

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS

BULLETIN NO. 161 SEPTEMBER, 1913

' DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY

The Comfiosition of the Soils of
South Texas

  
  

     
 
 
    
   

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POSTOFFICE
COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS

 

b AUSTIEXAS
VoN BOECKMANN-aIIgFSES Co., PRINTERS

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.
GOVERNING RoARn, MAIN sTATIoX.

(Board of Directors, A. and M. College of Texas.)

E. B. CUSIIING, President, Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1915

JOHN I. GLIIox, Vice President, Ballinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1919

E. H. AsTIN, Bryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1919

WALTON PETEET, Fort Worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Terni expires 1915

L. J. IIART. San Antonio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Tern1 expires 1919

J. ALLEN KYLE, Houston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Tern1 expires 1915

R. L. BENNETT‘, Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . ..Terni expires 1917

T. E. BA'I"I‘LE, l\Iarlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Term expires 1917

J. S. WILLIAMs, Paris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . ..Ter1n expires 1917

PRESIDENT 0F A. AND M. COLLEGE OF TExAs.
R_ T. MILNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . ..College Station

GOVERNING BOARD, STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT SUB-STATIONS.
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR WILL H. MAYEs, President, Brownwood

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Tern1 expires 1915
P. L. DOWNS, Vice President, Temple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Tern1 expires 1919
CIIARLES H. RooAN, Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..'l‘01‘n1 expires 1917
-———— . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..'lerm expires 1915
STATION STAFF.
B. YoUNoBLoon, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Direct0r

A. B. CONNER, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Director and Agronomist

M. FRANCIS, D. V. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ve-terinarian

G. S, FRAPS, PH. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Clieniist

H. NEss, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horticulturist

J. C. BURNS, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Animal Husbandman

WII..\IO.\' IYERIELL, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Entomologfst

F. H. BLoDorrrI‘, PII. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Plant Pathologist and Physiologist

A. H. LEIDIoII, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Agronomist in Charge of Soil Improvement

TREX 1i. “ULLARD, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Assistant I-Xgriculturist,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Management Expert
W. L. BOYETT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..State Feed Inspector

J, B. RATIIER, M. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Chemist

F. B. PADDooK, B. S. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Entomologist

H. H. JOBSON, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Agrononiist

WILLIAM LEvIN, A. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Chemist

H. B. SPAULoINo, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Chemist

H. SCHMIDT, D. V. M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Veterinarian

R. E. DICKSON, B. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Assistant Agronomist

CI-IAs. A. FELRER . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Chief Clerk

A. S. WARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Secretary

J. M. SoI-IAEDEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Stenographer

C. A. CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Stenographer

R. L, SPILLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Mailing Clerk
SUPERINTENDENTS OF SUB-STATIONS.
E. E. BIXFORD, Beeville SIIb-Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Beeville, Bee County

W. S. IIOTCIIKIss, Troup Sub-Station _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Troup, Smith County

TE. M. JOHNSTON, Cooperative Rice Station . . . . . . ..Beaumont, Jefferson County

I. S. YORK. Spur Sub-Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Spur, Dickens County

A. K. SHORT, Temple-Belton Sub-Station. . . ._. . . . . . . . . . . . ..Temple, Bell County

'1‘. W. BUELL, Denton Sub-Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Dent-on, Denton County

V. L. CORY, Lubbock Sub~Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Lubb0ck, Lubbock County

H. C. STERQARI‘, Pecos Sub-Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Pecos. Reeves County

N. E, ‘VINTERS, Angleton Sub-Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Angleton, Brazoria County

G. T MCNEss, Nacngdochcs Sub-Station . . . . ..Nacogdoches, Nacogdoclies County

*(‘. S. SOIIARFIP, Feeding and Breeding‘ Station. . . .College Station, Brazos County

NOTE.—Tl]O main station is located on the grounds of the Agricultural and
Mechanical College, in Brazos county. The postolfice address is College Station,
Texas. Iepoitg and bulletin are sent upon ztppliczition to the Director. A postal
card will bring these publications.

*Acting.
tIn cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture.

§|__

CONTENTS;

_ Page.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . . . . . . c. 5

Needs of the Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . C . . . . . . .. 5

Physical Deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chemical Deficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Conserving Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Maintaining Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

How to Increase Fertility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . .. 10

What a Chemical Analysis Shows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10

What a Chemical Analysis Does Not Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Soil Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11

Description of Soil Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

Beeville Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . .. 13

Blanco Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

-Brennan Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

Duval Fine. Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . 14

Duval Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l4

Duval Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l5

Duval Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15

Edna Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16

Edna Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16

Frio Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16

Frio Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Frio Silty Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Galveston Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Goliad Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Goliad Sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19

Houston Gravelly Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . .. l9

Houston Black Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . .. l9

Houston Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19‘

Houston Black Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .. 20

Houston Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21

Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21

Laredo Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21

Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22

Lomalta Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22

Lomalta Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22

Lufkin Sands . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lufkin Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . c . . . . . .. 23

Maverick Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23

Maverick Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23

Miller Silty Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24

Miller Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24

Norfolk Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24

Xorfolk Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2:"

Nueces Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

4 CONTENTS.

Page.
Pledger Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25

Rio Grande Silty Clay. . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26

San Antonio Silty Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .; . . . . . . . .. 26

Trinity Fine Sandy Loam and Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26

Trinity Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 26

Uvalde Silty Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27

Victoria, Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27

Victoria Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2S

Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28

Webb Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29

Zapata Fine Sandy Loam and Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Soil Types by Counties— '
Aransas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

Atascosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

BBQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

Bexar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Brazoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Brooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Calhoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31

Cameron . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

De Witt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

Dimmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

Duval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32

GOlliltl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33

Frio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33

Hidalgo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 33

Jackson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Jim Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34

Karnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34

Kinney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34

La Salle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34

Live Oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34

McMullen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Matagorcla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Maverick ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Medina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 35

Nueces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36

Refugio . . . . . ..' . . . . . .i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36

San Patricio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36

Starr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . . . . 36

Uvaldc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36

Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37

Webb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37

Wharton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Willacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37

Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37

Zapata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3S

Zava-la . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39

Description of Samples and Analyses by Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39

Interpretation of Results by Counties.‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .;. 63

Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOILS OF SOUTH TEXAS.

BY G. S. F]1.»\_1“S_. (fmcnisux

iti

This bulletin is the third of a series dealing with the chemical composi-
tion of typical Texas soils. Bulletin No. 99 contains a discussion of the
composition of soils from Houston, Anderson, Lamar, ’l‘ravis, Bexar,
and Hays counties. Bulletin No. 125 contains the chemical composi-
tion of soils of Angelina, Bastrop, Brazoria, Cameron, Cherokee, Delta,
Lamar, Hidalgo, Lavaca, Montgomery, N acogdoches, Robertson, lhisk,
Webb and Wilson counties. The samples referred to have been collected
in a systematic ivafy and represent definite areas and tyipes ol’ soil in
the State. In addition to the ordinary chemical analyses, tests are made
by means of pot experiments, and fundamental chemical investigations
are being conducted. The object of the Work is to ascertain. the important
characteristics of types of Texas soils. A thorough knowledge of soils
is fundamental to agriculture, and the chemistry ot’ the soil is so closely
related to preservation of its fertility that it is hardly necessary’ to dis-
cuss the matter in such a publication as this. -

This bulletin deals with the chemical composition of samples of soils
from about thirtyi-three counties in the southern portion of the State
of Texas. Most of the samples were sent in by agents of the Bureau of
Soils, of the United States Department of Agriculture, in cooperation
Wltll this Division of the Experiment Station. Detailed reports of the
area have been published by the Bureau of Soils, accompanied by maps
showing the location of each area, as follows:

Reconnaissance soil survey of southwest Texas, including the counties
of Bexar, .M.e<lina, Uvalde, Kinney", Maverick, Zavala, Frio, Atasccsra,
Wilson, Live Oak, lVlcllullen, LaSal.le, and Dimmit, an area of 16,416
square miles. '

Reconnaissance soil survey of south Texas, including the counties of
San Patricio, Nueees, Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Duval, Zapata. and Webb,
an area of 16,812 square miles. The counties of \Villac'_v, Jim Wells and
Brooks have since been formed in this area.

Reconnaissance soil survey of the central gulf coast area of Texas.
including the counties of Brazoria, lWatagjorda, Calhoun, Aransas, Re-
fugio, Bee, Goliad, Victoria, Jackson, Wharton, DeWitt and Karnes, an
area of 111,728 square miles.

The total area embraced in this survey is, therefore, 43,956 square
miles.

’_l.‘he Reconnaissance survey maps are on a scale of slix miles to one
inch. More detailed surveys are made on a scale of one milcto one
inch. It is, of course, not possible to show as many types or diiferences
in soils i11 a Reconnaissance survey, as in a (letailed surve._v. '

NEEDS or THE SOIL.

Plant food is only one of the‘ conditions which are necessary for the
production of crops. Other conditions are equally important. Chemical

H 'l‘1~:.\'.»xs AGRICULTURAL jEXPnnmEXr STATIONS.

analysis ileals almost entirely with the plant food of the soil. The other
mnditions depend largely upon the situation of the soil, the climatic
wnditions, and its physical character and structure. _

l t is essential for the proper groyvtli of plants that they should have
a sufiiciency of wrater, light, the proper amount of space, a suitable tem-
perature, that the soil should be i11 suitable physical condition, and Well
supplied with plant food. If any of these essentials is deficient, the
production will be curtailed, and the tlecrease in production will be, to
a certain extent, in proportion to the deficient condition.

Material which is essential to the grmvth of plants is termed plant
food. Plants require a number of substances, but experience has shown
that practically all soils contain a sufficiency of all kinds of plant food
with the exception of phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potash. The term
“plant food” is often confined to these three substances, which are so
often needed.

Lime may also be needed by the soil, but the object of an addition
of lime is to correct the acidity of the soil, or perform other functions,
ratherthan to serve as a. plant food.

The object of fertilizers is to supply phosphoric acid, nitrogen or pot-
ash. in zivailable forms; that is, in such compounds that plants can
easily take up the plant food. Fertilizers are discussed in Bulletin No.
112, of this station.

A. soil. to be fertile, must contain plant food in such forms that plants
can secure a sufficient amount of it. A soil may contain a large quantity
of plant food, yet not produce good crops, because the plants cannot
secure the food which it contains. We apply the term (act/toe plant food
to the plant food contained in the soil in such forms that plants can
easily take it up. _

PI-[YSTCAL DEFICIIZNCI-IS OF SOILS.

Some of the physical deficiencies of soils will here be mentioned only
briefly.

The soil may’ be too shallow‘. If this is caused by rock near the sur-
face, the soil  not suitable for cultivated crops. If caused. by hardpan,
it must be broken up. If caused by water, the soil may be drained.
Soils in arid regions should be deeper than those in humid regions.

The soil may be too wet. If properly situated, this condition may
be remedied by underdrainage, either by ditches or by tile drains.

Porous and stiff soils are both benefited by organic matter, such as is
produced by manure or green crops plowed under. Lime may improve
stiff soils. making them more easily wrorked.

9oils which blow away too easily’ may receive benefit from manure.
A wind-break may alsobe of advantage. ‘

CHEIVIICAL DEFICIEXCIES.

Acid son's contziin acid compounrls. The remedy is to apply lime in
sufficient amounts to correct the acid. Acid soils are not found in the
artias disc-ussctl in this publication.

a

THE Coirrosrtrron or THE SoiLs or Sour-ii 'l‘15x.\s.

Alkali soils contain too much soluble salts. These consist- of sulphate
of soda, chloride of soda, and carboirate of soda, as a rule, but we have
sometimes found calcium chloride to be present. Crops var_v in their
sensitivencss to‘ alkali. Some plants will not stand much, while others
Will stand very large quantities. Alfalfa, when young, will not stand
much alkali, but it appears to endure a large quantity when it is old
and well established. '

Most of the alkali which has been brought to our notice occurs in
comparatively small spot-s, but often it is very troublesome on account
of its effect upon the appearance of the field in which it occurs. The
remedy for alkali is tinder-drainage, either by means of deep ditches or
tile drains. Alkali is liable to occur in some of the soils of the areas
here discussed.

Deficiency of flat/ice Plant F0crZ.-—.¢& soil cannot be prorluctive unless
it supplies the plant with sufficient food; that is, unless it contains
sufficient “active” plant ‘food. The amount of active plant food depends
upon conditions surrounding the soil, as well as on its chemical and
physical character. The presence of sufficient moisture, and ot decaying‘
vegetable matter, appear to aid in the maintenance of a supply of active
plant food in the soil. A “riui-rlovvai” soil may often be “brought up”
by increasing the activity of the agencies which make inactive plant
food active. " _

The probable needs of Texas soils for plant food is shown in the (lis-
cussion of the analyses of the different t_vpes of soils. '

Deficiency 0f Lima-ma soil which receives benefit from lime is usually
considered to be an acid soil, but this is not necessarily the case, since
lime has other effects upon the soil in atldition. to correcting acidity.

Deficiency in Organic lllatteix~Organic matter contains the reserve
store of nitrogen of the soil. It aids in producing a supply of active
plant food, and it has a favorable citect upon the phvsical character
of the soil. Organic matter decreases in a cultivated soil, and it be-
comes deficient under clean cultivation.

Many Texas soils are deficient in organic matter, and respond well
to applications of it. Manure is veijv lasting in its effects. Green crops,
turned under or grazed oif, give gcod results.

CONSERVING SOIL FERTFI LITITY.

Soil fertility is lost in a variety of watys, some of which are unavoid-
able, while others are, to a greater or less extent, avoidable.

Losses in (.71'0ps.—These may be characterized as unavoidable losses.
The loss of plant food involved in wasting the by-products of ‘the farm
mav be considerable. This should be avoided as much as possible.

The average number of pounds of plant food removed per acre by a
number of Texas crops is shown in Table 1.

 

 

 

S‘ TEXAS Aoaroernajnai. Exrnunrnxr STATIONS.

Table 1. Plant Food Removed by Crops in Pounds per Acre.

Phosphoric Nitrogen Potash Valuation
Acid per acre

Corn, 4O bu., corn and cob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19 38 13 $ 9 52
Wheat, 25 bu .................................................. .. 13 29 8 7 06
Oats, 40 bu ........................................ .. . . ....... .. 10 25 7 6 02
Cotton, 250 lbs., lint ..............  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  0.1 0.8 . 0.7 21
Potatoes, Irish, 100 bu .................................... .. 10 2O 36 6 76
Potatoes, sweet, 200 bu ................................. .. 20 28 72 11 12
Alfalfa, 4 tons .................................................... ., 5O 183* 143 48 18
Sorghum, 3 tons .................................................... .. 29 84 134 26 58
Sugar cane, 20 tons .............................................. .. 15 153 44 34 14
Onions, 30,000 lbs ............................................  37 72 72 20 93
Rice, 1,900 lbs ..................................................... .. 12 23 5 5 62

“A part of this nitrogen comes from the air.

The table also shows the valuation of the plant food in the crops at
the valuation used in Texas (luring 19]. 72-1913 for commercial fertilizers.
The cost per pound of plant food is placed at twenty cents for nitrogen,
and six cents for potash and phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the above
figures apply only to the unmixed fertilizers; the cost in mixed fertilizers
is greater, owing to the cost of mixing, sacking, handling, and manu-
facturefs and dealer’s profit. Considering further, that the plant food
applied in a fertilizer is never completely -apigrop1'iatecl by the plant,
we find that the valuation of the plant food in the crop is below What it
would cost in commercial fertilizers.

Loss in By-Products.—-This loss is largely avoidable. The amounts
of plant food in by-produets of crops of the size specified, are shown
in 'l‘able 2. The value is also given. showing what this plant food would
cost if laought in commercial fertilizer materials.

Table 2. Plant Food in Byr-Products of Crops in Pounds per Alcre.

Phozphcpric Nitrogen Potash Valuation
1

c Per Acre
Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.
Cotton (seed, 500 lbs.) ........................................ .. 7 16 8 $ 4 10
Cotton (stalk and leaves) .................................... .. 12 32 23 8 50
Corn (stalk and leaves) ...................................... .. 6 22 29 6 50
Wheat (straw)..... ........................... II‘ .................. .. 5 13 14 3 74
Oats (straw) ........................................................ .. 4 10 21 3 50
3 14 37 5 20

Rice (2,250 lbs., straw) .....................  ................. ..

The by-products from the farm should, therefore, be utilized as much
as possible. The 11121.11 who sells his cotton seed may have to buy back
the plant food he is selling, and pay a good deal more for it than he
received for his seed. The rice farmer who wastes his rice straw ashes
is losing about 3'7 pounds of potash per acre, which he will be obliged to
buy back some day. The rice farmer loses about $2.7 0 worth of nitrogen
per acre when he burns his straw. Cotton stalks, when burned, lose
their nitrogen. The loss of nitrogen. may have the value of $3.00 per acre.
Therefore the loss of plant food involved in wasting the by-products of
the farm may be considerable, and should be avoided as much as possible.

Winter rains may wash out fertility from a porous sandy soil when it

THE COMPOSITION or r1112 SOILS or SoUrH Tnxxs. 9

is bare. The loss falls upon the most expensive plant food, the nitrogen.
The loss can be avoided by growing a cover erop during the winter, a
practice which has been adopted to some extent in East Texas. The
sandy soils of East Texas are more likely to lose their fertility in this
way than the heavier soils of Central Texas or those of West Texas,
where there is less rainfall. It is probable that fertilizer residues are
Washed out,of the soil to a considerable extent from some of the light
sandy soils. A Winter cover crop is, therefore, recommended for the light
sandy soils of East ’I‘exas. Mustard has been suggested, and oats are
sometimes used, but a leguminous crop, if a suitable one can be found,
would be preferable. Burr clover would be excellent for this purpose.

l'Va.-sh'in.g.—].n some sections of the State, unsuitable practices have
been followed, with the result that the surface soil has been washed off,
leaving the subsoil exposed. This is, of course, a serious loss, and such
methods as prevent it should be followed. Terracing or hill-side ditches,
deep plowing or plowing in a p-roper manner, or other well known
methods of preventing washing, should be used.

Ma-nure.-—Texas soils need all the manure which can be saved for
them. Manure is more lasting in its effect than fertilizers, and has
effects upon the soil which fertilizers do not have. In dry regions, the
manure should be well rotted. Part of the plant food in manure is
washed out when the manure is exposed to rain. It should, therefore
be protected from the rain. p The manure pile should be kept moist and
compact. If the manure is allowed to dry out, plant food is lost. If
it is too loose, it ferments too rapidly. This is, however, too broad
a. subject to be discussed here in detail.

DIAINTAINING SOIL FERTILITY.

Soil fertility is ‘maintained by keeping up the supply of plant food
and maintaining the soil in good physical condition. The studies in the
succeeding pages of this bulletin show the probable needs for plant food
of various types of Texas soils in the area described.

For soils which needphosphoric acid, it should be applied in the form
of acid phosphate, bone meal, tankage, rock phosphate, or in some other
form. '

To soils which need potash, potash salts should be supplied. As
information concerning fertilizers is published in Bulletin No. 112 of
this Station, we will not go into this subject here.

To soils which need nitrogen, it may be supplied in small amounts,
but nitrogen is entirely too expensive to be purchased in sufficient
quantities to maintain the fertility of our soils for the growing of staple
crops. The small quantities of nitrogen supplied in ordinary mixed
fertilizers to cotton and corn contain but a fraction of the nitrogen
needed by the crop. The soil cannot be maintained in fertile condition
by this means.

The supply of nitrogen in the soil must be maintained by growing

crops which take it from the air. These can be grazed, or plowed under,
or fed and the manure applied. Crops which take nitrogen from the soil
can then be ygrown. Only by such a method as this can we look forward
to maintaining our soils in a fertile condition.

 

.  

1d ’l‘1;x.»xs AGRICULTURAL FXPIERIBIENT Srarrons.

In view of the rapidly increasing price of nitrogen, which is already
expensive, it is hoped that efforts to adopt a system of rotation which
will keep our soils fertile will become increasingly effective.

Fertility may be maintained:

(a) By using manure liberally, both to supply plant food and to
keep the soil in good physical condition. I

(b) By growing leguminous crops to gather nitrogen from the air.
They can be grazed or they can be ploxverl under, or they can be fed and
the manure used. But to keep a soil fertile, and grow staple crops
profitably, a rotation must be adopted, sooner or later, which includes
legumes. Nitrogen is too expensive for ‘the grower of staple crops to
purchase sufficient quantities of it to keep his soil fertile; and it is
becoming more expensive. The grower of staple crops must eventually
arrange to secure the bulk of his nitrogen from the air.

(c) By the use of fertilizers. '.l.‘he proper use of fertilizers in eon-
nection with all the manure which can be saved, and the growing of
leguminous crops, will keep the soil fertile.

HOW TO INCREASE FERTILITY.

What has been said in preceding sections, may aid in ascertaining
soil deficiencies, or devising aids for increasing fertility. Under the
discussion of analyses of the different types of soils is given some infor-
mation which may aid in increasing their fertility.

Tn order to increase fertility, the cause, or causes of the low ‘yield
should be ascertained, if possible, and the proper remedy applied.
Manure, leguminous crops, and fertilizers are efiicient aids when needed.
as is very often the case. Lime, or under-drainage should be used when
necessary.

WHAT A CHEMICAL ANALYSIS sHows.

Chemical analysis shows the reserve store of plant food which the soil
contains. It indicates how well the soil will wear; whether it will be
productive and durable or whether it will deteriorate rapidly under
cultivation.

Chemical analysis shows the probable deficiencies of the soil in plant
food. It shows whether the soil contains a large store of plant food.
or only a small quantity, and it indicates which kinds of plant food will
probably be needed first.

Chemical analysis shorvs whether phosphoric acid, potash or nitrogen
will probably be most needed.

Chemical analysis, and other studies, it is hoped, will enable us to
apply the results of fertilizer experiments, and from experience, on a
given type of soil in a certain section, to other types of soil in the same
section and the same type in other sections of the State.

WVHAT CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DOES NOT SHOW’.

Chemical analysis does not show which of the two fertilizers of si1n-
ilar composition should give the best results. For example, it does
not show whether an 8-1.65-2 or a. 10-1135-2 fertilizer would be better
for cotton on the soil analyzed. That would depend upon the method

THE COMPOSITION or THE SorLs or Sourrr Tnxxs. 11

of plowing and cultivation practiced, the quantity and distribution of
rainfall, and other conditions aside from the fertility of the soil.

Chemical analysis does not show what crops are adapted to the soil.
This depends more largely upon the physical character and structure of
the subsoil, climatic conditions, and other factors not related to the
chemical composition.

The chemical analysis deals with the plant food contained in the
soil, and not with the physical characteristics which modify its adapta-
tion to _various kinds of plants. There is, to some extent, a relation
between the physical character of the soil and the crops best suited to
the soil, but the climatic conditions must always be given serious con-
sideration. i

SOIL SERIES IN THE AREA.

The following is a condensed description of the various series of soils
found in South Texas. More detailed descriptions of these individual
types of soils are given in connection with the description of the areas.

Rolling i0 Tlilly [Qiland Soils.

Houston Seriesr-Dark to bl.ack calcareous surface soil with dark to
gray calcareous subsoil, which sometimes becomes white a few feet below
the surface. They are derived from loosely consolidated limestone, and
are black prairie soils in part of the State.

San Antonio Series.—Dark colored soils with a reddish cast overlying
red or brownish red heavier subsoil, which passes into a white calcareous
material at a depth of three to five feet. Theyare derived from deposits
brought down from Edwards Plateau. '

Crockett Series.—Dark colored soils overlying a yellowish brown, red
or mottled red and brown subsoil, below which is a reddish or yellowish
sandstone.

Goliad Sariesr-Light brown to black soils overlying brownish red
clay loam subsoils, beneath which is a white rotten limestone which
sometimes crops out. p

I/ufkin Series.——Gray surface soil with mottled gray and yellow,
plastic rather impervious subsoil, derived from weathering of noncal-
careous Tertiary sands and clays.

Susequehanna Sertes.—Gray and sandy surface soils with a red or mot-
tled red and gray, plastic clay subsoil.

Karnes Seriesr-Gray and brown colored soils with a yellowish gray
sandy clay. They contain shells. This soil is found only along the San
Antonio and Ciholo rivers.

‘Du/val S'er'ies.-—Bright red surface soils with bright red sub-soil con-
taining a low lime content and high percentage of iron. They are de-
rived from the weathering of red sands or clays.

Orangeburg Series.-—Reddish colored soils" with red sandy clay sub-
soils, derived from the Weathering of the Lafayette formation. They
are closely related to the Duval series, being lighter in color. 'l"hey
also differ from the Duval series in that the native vegetation consists
of oaks. These soils are of very limited extent in the arid sections.

I/Vebb Se*rie*s.—Brovim to reddish brown soils resting upon somewhat

12 ldsxas AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

redder subsoils of heavier texture. Underlying these at varying depths
and sometimes ap-pearing at the surface is a. gray sandstone. These
soils are related t0 the soils of Duval series but are not nearly so red.

Norfolk Sertesw-Grayr surface soils With gray to yellow sands or sandy
loam subsoil.

Brennan rS'eries./Qray* t0 light brown soils with a subsoil of similar
texture, found in somewhat large areas in South Texas.

Zapata Series-Gray sandy soils often stony in character, and some-
times only a few inches to the rock, of ranch topography.

Beezvillo Se1"ies.—Light. gray or white deposits, with loose surface soils
which overlie white, sticky, plastic clays. _

lllavevwlck Sertes.—Grayr to light brown soils with light- brown subsoils,
of calcareous material. They may be considered as the arid climate ex-
tension of the Houston series.

Soils of the Level Coast Country.

Victoria L'co'tes.—Dark gray to black surface soils with dark subsoil,
though somewhat lighter than the surface soil. These are found in the
level coast country.

Lomalta Ser£es.-—Blacl: soils, low, level, and poorly drained, having
little agricultural value except for grazing,

Point Isabel Se1'~ies.—-Gray soils, poorly drained and of low agricul-
tural value, of recent marine origin.

Nueces Se1-1Tes.—Deep gray sands, from two to three feet in depth,
mostly in pasture.

Galveston Sa-nd.—Deep  or white sand, which drifts easily, on
narrow islands along the coast.

Edna Series.—Light colored soils probably formed at the same time
as the Victoria series of soil. ’.l‘he'_y are not calcareous in nature.

Alluvial and Terrace Soils.

Frio Sevrtea-Soils of sedimentary origin, though not recent, found
along many of the streams in South Texas; They contain less lime
and. more organic matter than the soils of the Blanco and Laredo series,
and ha.ve a darker color. \

Uvaldo Ser-ies.-—Soils derived from Uvalde and Llano formation and
occupying valleys and broad flood plains in Southwest Texas. They are
gray to light brown loams, and contain much lime.

Blanco Series.—-Iiight gray, reddish gray or yellowish brown calca-
reous soils deposited in former times by flood waters along stream val-
loys. The soils are found on narrow terraces 2O to 60 feet above p-iesent
channels.

Laredo Se1'ies.—Gray to light brown alluvial soils of the Rio Grande
valley, lying 20 to 4:0 feet "above the river.

Trinity S@7'1:6$.*—All1lVl3l soils derived from materials from soils of
the Houston series, found along the Nueces river.

Uavnoron Series.——Alluvial soils on low fiat areas, dark in color and
heavy in character, poorly drained.

THE COMPOSITION or THE SorLs or SOUTH Texas. 13

DESCRIPTION OF SOIL TYPES.

The following is a description of the various soil types found in the
areas discussed. These descriptions are condensed from the repoirts of
the Bureau of Soils, referred to on preceding pages.

BeeviZZe Fine Sandy L0anz.——'I‘he soil of this type consists of 1O to
20 inches of gray fine sandy loam. The subsoil consists of a gra.y strati-
fied clay, sometimes mottled with yellow; the lime between soil and sub-
soil is generally plainly marked.

The Beeville fine sandy loam is more sedimentary in origin than
alluvial and may be considered an extension of the Pleistocene formation
of the level coast country up» the smaller streams.

The type has a valley-like topography, and drainage is fair, but
artificial drainage would be beneficial on some areas. The soil is found
in strips along the larger dry creeks of Karnes, Bee and Goliad counties.
The" type supports a growth of live oak, post oak, mesquite and chaparral.

When properly handled, the Beeville fine sandy loam maintains mois-
ture Well, but very little of it is under cultivation. Cotton and corn are
grown to some extent, and a. small acreage is devoted to vegetables.
Truck crops could be grown profitably where transportation facilities are
convenient. For analysis, sec soils of Bee county.

Blanca Silt Loam- and Fine Sandy Loam (UH-differentiated) .—The soil
o-f the predominating silt loam to a depth of three feet or more, consists
of a gray to light grayish yellow silt loam. There is no distinct line
of demarkation between the soil and subsoil, the latter, however, being
somewhat tighter. The type is high in lime and is locally known as
“shelly land.” The soil is undoubtedly alluvial but not of recent deposit.

The soil occurs in strips along nearly all the streams in southern
BeXar and Medina counties, and along the Sabinal river in Uvalde
county. The largest area is found along the Frio river in northern
Frio county.

The topography is almost flat but it has excellent natural drainage.
The native vegetation consists of a heavy growth of pecan, mesquite and
hackberry. Large cypress trees extend for miles along the banks of the
streams. Prickly pear and shrubs are seen, but very little grass is found.

A large acreage of this soil inBexar and Medina counties is cultivated.
Cotton, sorn, oats, and sorghum are the chief crops grown. Corn
yields 20 to 25 bushels, and cotton from one-third to one bale per acre,
the latter yield, however, is exceptional. For analysis, see soils of Medina
county.

Brennan Fine Sandy Loam.——'.l‘he soil of this type consists of a gray
to light brown fine sandy loam high in lime, grading into a heavy compact
sandy loam subsoil at a depth of ten to twelve inches. This subsoil is
gray or grayish brown in color and has the appearance of hard baked
clay when dry.

The Brennan fine sandy loam has’ been formed from a deposit of cal-
careous fine sandy loam or sandy clay of Pleistocene age. The small
rainfall has prevented leaching outof the lime, and the type shows
the characteristics of an arid soil.

14- ‘Texas AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

The type is found east of Lando and north of Aguilares almost to
the St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railroad, and is mostly north
of the Hidalgo branch of that road. It is one of the most extensively
developed soils in the area surveyed. The soil has a level to gently
rolling topography. The greater part of the type is undulating, so
as to permit of irrigation without much leveling of the land. '

The native vegetation consists of mesquite, chaparral, and prickly
pear or cactus. The growth is usually stunted.

This type is devoted almost entirely to pasture and a very large
proportion must continue to be used for this purpose, since it is not
situated where irrigation is practicable. Almost the only water supply
of a large area is the stored storm waters. Near Mercedes, Donna and
Mission, are areas which are being cleared and placed under the ditch.
Grapes, truck crops, and. fruits should do well on this soil. Alfalfa and
Watermelons should also be profitable under irrigation. Dry farming
has been practiced to a limited extent with fair success and it is the
only way that a large part of this type can ever be used.

For analysis, see soils of Hidalgo county.

Duval Fine Sandy L0am.—The Duval fine sandy loam consists of
about eighteen inches of red or brownish red fine sandy loam under-
lain by a bright red sandy compact clay, carrying sufiicient sand to give
it the texture of a heavy fine sandy loam in the lighter areas. The depth
of the surface soil varies from twelve to fourteen inches, and the texture
from a loamy fine sand to a heavy fine sandy loam. The surface soil
is easily worked and often drifts. When wet, the subsoil is plastic
and coherent, and if worked in this condition, forms into small soft
clods, which are easily broken down.

The type has been derived from the Weathering of alluvial deposits
of red sands and clays, probably of Lafayette formation. This soil
comprises one half of Frio county and LaSalle county, the eastern {Jarts
of Dimmit andZavala counties, a part of southern Medina, extensive
areas in Duval and Webb counties, and a somewhat broken strip across
Atascosa county. .

The topography of the greater part of the type is gently rolling to
undulating. The surface is more hilly near the larger streams. The
land is well drained.

The native vegetation consistsof a heavy growth of mesquite, chaparral
and prickly pear. Only a small amount of grass is to be seen.

Most of the type is still used for pasturage, although large areas
have been cleared and put under cultivation. The land is well suited
to the growth of truck, and cotton, and to a less "extent, of corn. Cotton
is the chief crop, fields of 1000 to 3000 acres in extent being operated
by single owners in central‘ Frio county. The average yield of cotton
varies from one-half to one bale per acre according to rainfall. Corn
averages about twenty bushels per acre. Sorghum and oats are grown
and melons, potatoes, beans, peas, cantaloupes and tomatoes do well.
For analysis, see soils of Duval, Frio and Wilson counties.

l7uval Sandy L0ams.—The soil" consists of eight to twelve inches of
reddish brown or chocolate medium to fine sand loam, below which is

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SorLs or Sourrr TEXAS. 15

a red or yellowish-red sandy clay. The type varies considerably in
color and texture.

The soil is derived from material laid down during the Eocene period.
The topography is slightly undulating and drainage is good.

The soil, locally known as “red sandy mesquite land,” occurs in
northern Karnes county, and extends northward into Wilson county.
Small areas are found in Bee county. In its virgin state the soil sup-
ports a growth of live oak, post oak, mesquite and chaparral.

A part of the type in Karnes county is cleared and under cultivation.
Cotton yields from one-half to three-fourths bale per acre and corn
averages twentyr-five bushels. For analysis, see soils of Karnes county.

Ducal L0a1n-.—'l‘he Duval loam consists of about ten inches of red-
dish-broxvn to red loam, underlain by a bright red to reddish-brown
sandy clay. The type varies in depth, color, and texture.

The soil is derived principally from the weathering of sedimentary
deposits laid down near the beginning of the Tertiary time. It occupies
rather high ridges and rounded knolls in the larger areas of Duval
fine sandy loam. Drainage is good and danger of erosion is slight.

‘This type is not extensively developed. Areas of the soil occur along
the line between Uvalde and Zavala counties, in southern Bexar, east-
er11 Frio and central Atascosa counties. The native vegetation consists
of mesquite, chaparral, huisache and prickly pear. Grass and weeds
are plentiful only in seasons of sufficient rainfall.

Only a small part of the type is used for crops. Several farms are
being operated Without irrigationin Bexar and Atascosa. counties. Cot-
ton, corn and sorghum are the principal crops grown, the yield varying
with the rainfall. Cotton yields on an average from one-fifth to one-
third bale per acre, and corn from fifteen to twenty bushels.

For analysis, see soils of Atascosa and Uvalde counties.

Dzwal Fine SCWLCZ.——ThG surface soil consists of fifteen to twenty inches
of loose fine to medium sand, varying in color from grayish brown to
brownish red. The subsoil is similar to the soil in texture, but is much
more compact and of a more decidedly red to reddish brown color.
The soil is low in organic matter, loose and incoherent and is easily
shifted by the winds.

The soil is derived from the weathering of a deep deposit of fine
and medium sands. The topography is level to gently rolling. The
drainage is good and erosion is slight. The soil holds moisture well.
The type is of comparatively small extent, the largest body being in
western Dimmit county. Small bodies are found (alsewluzre in this
county.

Most of the type is open prairie, supporting here and there a clump
of scrubby oak, dwarfed mesquite, and chaparral. A sparse growth of
coarse and unpalatable grass is sometimes seen.

None of the soil is at present under irrigation but small areas have
been farmed for several ‘years. During the seasons of average rainfall,
very profitable yields of cotton, corn, and forage crops have been secured.
Watermelons and early vegetables do well in favorable seasons. For
analysis, see soils of Duval and Dimmit counties.

16 ’l‘12x.\s AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

Edna L0am.—The soil of the Edna loam consists of ten to twelve
inches of a gray to dark gray loam or silty loam. The subsoil to a
depth of thirty-six inches consists of a dark gray clay or clay loam.
Numerous white spots, which support little or no vegetation, are found
on the surface.

The type has been formed by the weathering of the sedimentary clays
of the coast prairie. It is a level prairie soil, covered with sedge and
other grasses, and drainage is often poor. Variously good sized bodies
of the soil occur in Matagord-a, Wharton and Jackson counties. _

The greater part of the type is still used for pasture. One-third
bale of cotton is about the average yield per acre, and twenty-five
bushels of corn. The soil ‘yields ten to twelve sacks of rice per acre,
for which it is well adapted. Where the land is well drained, fair yields
of truck crops are secured.

For analysis, see soils of lVIatagorda. and Wharton counties.

Edna Fine Snndy L0am.—'l.‘he soil is a gray to dark gray fine sandy
loam or loamy fine sand, eight to twenty inches deep. The subsoil for
thirty-six inches, consists of a mottled gray and yellow clay. It is
known locally as “prairie sandy land” and some areas are often spoken
of as “crawfisli lanr” or “run together sanc .”

Th< soil is sedimentary in origin and the surface is almost level
throughout the area. Areas near the streams are often well drained
but most of it is poorly drained. It could be easily drained by ditches.

The Edna fine sandy loam is found in large connected bodies, some-
times forming half the area of a single county, situated near the inner
edge of the level coast country. Little of it is found west of the Mission
river in Refugio county, it being practically confined to the humid
section of Texas.

‘N early all of the type exists as a broad fiat prairie supporting a
heavy growth of sedge grass. Live oak and post oak are found near the
stream.

A large part of the type is still used for" pasture, but much of it
is in cultivation, the principal crops being corn, cotton and sorghum.
Cotton yields, on an average, about one-third bale per acre, corn ‘twenty
to thirty bushels and rice ten to twelve sacks per acre. Truck crops
do well if the land is well drained.

For analysis, see soils of Brazoria and Matagorda counties.

Frio Fine Sandy L0ar1n.—’1‘his soil is one of the least uniform types in
the area. It varies in depth from ten to thirty inches, in color from
gray to dark brown, and in texture from loamy fine sand, to a fine sandy
loam rather high in clay.- The subsoil to a depth of thirty-six inches,
is a. heavy grayish fine sandy loam or sandy clay, becoming heavier in
texture and lighter in color with depth. a

The soil occurs in stream valleys, biilt is generally; purely local in

formation and varies with the character of the types adjoining. It is
found as narrow strips along many of the small streams in Bexar and
Medina counties. The largest body is found south of Oakville along
the Nueces river in Live Oak county. Other areas occur along San

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SorLs or SOUTH TEXAS. 17

Miguel creek in Frio county and along the Leona river in northern
Zal-‘illzl county". '

The type is generally level and is not always well drained. Ilowexrer,
excessive rainfall is the exception in the region and little trouble is
experienced from the deficient drainage. The type supports a heavy
growth of mesquite, live oak, pecan, and hackberryf, together with con-
siderable chaparral, prickly pear and mesquite grass.

Because of the favorable moisture conditions, the type is one of the
best in the area for agricultural purposes when irrigation is not available.
The soil is Well adapted to truck crops, cotton and corn. Cotton and corn
are the chief crops, the former yielding from one-third to three-fourths
bale and the latter from twenty-five to thirty bushels per acre. Johnson
grass hay is cut in places, and pecans are profitable in Zavala county.

For analysis, see soils of Live Oak and Llvalde counties.

Fréo L0am.——To a depth of fourteen inches, the soil consists of a
grayish brown loam rather high in silt. At fourteen to thirty-six inches,
theniaterial is a lighit brown to gray loam, much lighter in color and
heavier in texture than the surface. It is locally known as “shell
land.” The soil is easily cultivated, but should 11ot be stirred while wet,
as it puddles readily.

The Frio loaan is partly alluvial and partlyr colluvial. It  well
drained, both in soil and subsoil. The soil is nearly level, and is well
suited to irrigation. This type occurs along the Nueces river from near
the Western edge of LaS-alle county to a point about twelve miles south-
east of Cotulla. Other areas are found along the Nueces river, and. on the
Frio river, between Erwin and Connor ranches and for several miles
above and below Tilden.

This tyipe supports a heavy growth of mesquite and cactus, as well
as a good growth of native grasses, where moisture conditions are
favorable. i

A relatively larger proportion of this type is under cultivation than
of any other in the area. Nearly all of the onion farms up a11d down
the Bio Grande river from Cotulla are on this type of soil. During
favorable years the yields of onions range from 18,000 to 25,000 pounds
or more per acre. At present onions is the 1nai11 crop grown, but
diversification is beginning to be practiced. Cotton, with two irriga-
tions, yields a bale or more, per acre.

For analysis, see soils of LaSalle county.

Frio Silty Clay L0am.-—The surface soil consists of a grayish brown to
dark brown silty clay loam, eight to fifteen inches deep. The subsoil
to a depth of thirtyf-six inches is a gray to slightly yrellowish gray or
yrellowish brown silty clay loam. It is easy to cultivate, though very apt
to bake if stirred when too Wet. ,

This is an alluvial soil which occupies stream valleys in Uvalde,
Zavala, Frio and LaSalle counties. It can be easily irrigated. Cotton
produces one-third to one-half bale per acre and corn twenty-five to thirty
bushels.

For analyses, see soils of LaSalle and Uvalde counties.

18 rllEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

Galveston Fine Sand.—’l‘his soil consists of a gray or White fine sand,
many feet in depth. Where not protected by vegetation, the surface soil
is constantly shifted by the wind.

This sand has been Washed up by the waves of the gulf, andblown
by the wind in dune-like forms. There are gently rolling areas of
this sand, but generally it is in the form of large dunes. The type is
confined to the narrow islands which skirt the Texas coast and to the
lVIatagorda Peninsula. Considerable areas of the types are found Without
vegetation, although the more level areas support a coarse grass. The
soil is mostly used for grazing, but on the level areas a small amount
of trucking has been done.

For analysis, see soils of Bee and Matagorda counties.

Gol/iad Sandy Loama-Jllhe soil consists of a dark gray to black
medium, to fine sandy loam eight to fifteen inches deep. The subsoil to
thirty-six inches, is a red or reddish brown clay loam, usually heavy and
tenacious. The soil is underlain by a soft White limestone, and. local
"exposures of this material constitute a shallow phase of the type, on
the crests and slopes of ridges. The shallow phase cannot store water
well and the effects of drouth are severe.

The Goliad Sandy Loams have a loose structure, are "easily handled,
and permit of cultivation over a wide range of moisture conditions.

The soil has. been formed by the Weathering of '.I‘ertiary sands deposited
over calcareous material. The surface is rolling and the drainage is
good. This type covers more than one-half of Bee county, and a con-
siderable portion of DeWitt, northern Goliad, eastern Karnes and north-
western Victoria counties. -

The native vegetation consists of post oak, mesquite, chaparral and
prickly pear. The grass is mesquite and sedge grass.

A considerable area of the soil is cultivated and it is considered
good farming and truck land. The principal crops are corn, cotton,
broom corn, and some truck. Cotton yields from one-fourth to three-
fourths bales per acre, and corn from twenty to thirty-five bushels.
The soil is especially adapted to the growth of truck crops.

For analysis, see soils of Bee, DeWitt and Karnes counties.

Galina? L0am.—-The Goliad Loam consists of about fourteen inches of

_ a black or dark gray heavy loam. The subsoil consists of a black clay

loam, passing at about eighteen inches into a reddish or reddish brown
clay, containing numerous limestone fragments. A characteristic of the
soil is the presence of numerous snail shells scattered over the surface.

The soil has been formed by the Weathering of the underlying soft
calcareous Tertiary material, With an admixture of sand, possibly of
late Tertiary formation. The type is rolling, and drainage is good.
The type is found in Bee, Goliad, Karnes and DeWitt counties, the
largest development being in Goliad county. This type Was formerly
prairie and is now covered with a scattering growth of mesquite and
chaparral, with an occasional clump of post oak. Mesquite grass is
abundant and affords good pasturage.

Considerable areas of the Goliad Loam are under cultivation. It is
quite productive and adapted to a wide range of crops. Cotton yields

THE COMPOSITION 0F THE SorLs OF SOUTH Texas. 19

one-fourth to one bale per acre, corn, twentvfive to thirtyr-five bushels,
and broom-corn one-fifth to one-third ton. Sorghum produces several
tons per acre. The soil is too heavy for early truck crops, but onions,
cabbage, and Irish potatoes do well with proper cultivation.

For analysis, see soils of Bee, DeWitt, and Goliad counties.

Goliad Sa1zds.—-The type consists of a fine to medium sand, thirty-six
or more inches deep, dark in color and resting on a reddish clay to sandy
clay. The soil originated from the Weathering of Tertiary sands. The
surface is moderately rolling and the drainage is good. The native
vegetation consists of grass and sometimes oak. The type occurs in
scattered areas throughout DeWitt county. Cotton yields one-third
to one-half bale and corn from fifteen to twenty-five bushels per acre.
The soil is limited in extent and unimportant agriculturally. p

For analysis, see soils of DeWitt county.

H ouston Grarelly CZay.—-’l‘he Houston Gravelly Clay is a brownish to
black gravelly clay, varying in depth from a few inches to two feet, and
averaging twenty inches. Below this is a porous mass of quartz gravel
about three feet deep above unconsolidated white limestone.

The soil is found in the eastern part of the city of San Antonio,
ten miles northeast of San Antonio, and in the region between Leon
creek and the Medina river.

This soil is derived from the Weathering of the underlying limestone,
The land lies high and the drainage is excellent. Only a very small
part of the land is in cultivation. Most of the land is covered with mes-
quite and cactus and is used almost exclusively for pasturage.

Cotton and corn are grown quite successfully in some parts of the
valleys in Wet seasons.

For analysis, see soils of Bexar county.

Houston Black Clay L0a1n.—The Houston Black Clay Loam is a heavy
grayish brown to dark brown loam, or clay loam, eight to fifteen inches
deep. The subsoil has the same texture but changes gradually from
brownish gray to yellow at a depth of four to five feet. This soil is
friable, easily worked, retains moisture Well, endures drought and is
productive. Cotton, corn, and sorghum are grown. This is a desirable
soil. The soil is most typically developed on the gently rolling prairies

» around San Antonio.

For analysis, see soils of Bexa-r county.

flouston Clay L0a.m,.—'1‘his soil to a depth of ‘ten to twelve inches
consists of a dark slate-colored heavy 10am, or clay loam surface soil,
underlain by a dark gray to black clay resting on lighter colored clay
loa.m or clay from twenty-four to thirty-six inches deep. Below this
is a lighter textured White calcareous clay over rotten limestone. Where
moist conditions prevail, the soil is quite dark, and in the eastern part
of the area, the subsoil is often of a '_VGll0\VlSh cast. The soil is easily
cultivated when plowed at ‘the proper time.

The origin of the tyrpe is due in part, to the weathering of soft
Cretaceous limestone, and in part to the weathering of white calcareous

2O TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

clays, which were Probably laid down during the Eocene period of the
Tertiary age. ' The dark color of tl1e soil is due to organic matter.

The largest bodies of this type occur in the southeastern part of
LaSalle county, the central part of McMullen county, and the north~
western part of Live Oak county. Other bodies are found in Wilson,
Atascosa and Bexar counties. A

The topography varies from nearly level to gently rolling, nearly all
being level enough for cultivation. '.l.‘he surface drainage is nearly al-
\vays gootl.

Nearly all of the type supports a. small growth of mesquite, chaparral,
and prickly pear. The native grasses, especially the mesquite grass,
make excellent growth in years of sufficient rainfall.

Considerable areas are under cultivation around San Antonio, and,
it‘ well worked, in jyears of favorable rainfall, it is considered a very
nluable soil. The printripal crops are cotton, corn, sorghum and oats.
With good tillage, in favoraljile seasons cotton yields from one-half
to two-thirds bale per acre and corn from thirty to fifty bushels per acre.

‘However, under the dry conditions which usually prevail i11 this region,

many disappointing yields have been secured. When not overstocked.
it tisually provides good pasture and under present conditions, the most
profitable utilization of much of it lies along this line. i

For analyses, see soils of Medina and LaSalle counties.

florist-on Black CZag/.—’l‘he Houston Black Clay consists of eight to
twenty inches of black, heavy clay, underlain to a depth of thirty-six
inches or more by heavy black to (lark drab clay of very compact struc-
ture. “Typically, the soil and subsoil are free from gravel. The-soil
is extremely heavy and tenacious when wet, but, on dryring, becomes
hard and compact, and tends to crack deeply. The soil is easily worked
when cultivated at the proper time.

The Houston Black Clay has been derived through the Weathering of
several calcareous deposits which underlay the type at depths of three
to ten feet. Of these the Taylor Marl formation of the upper Creta-
ceous period is the most important.

The soil is found only in a few small bodies in Bexar and Medina
counties. The largest areas occur just south of the Balcones escarpment
north of Castroville, between IYHanis and Sabinal and at Dunlay.

Other bodies are found south of Castroville, in the City of San Antonio,-

and between this city and the east line of the county.

The type has a rather level or flat topography and the drainage is
poor, though ordinarily the rainfall is not sufficient to give trouble from
this cause.

Until quite recently the tvpe was open prairie covered with mesquite
grass. However, a scattering growth of mesquite timber. Chaparral,
live oak, and prickly pear, are at present supported on some. areas.
The native vegetation stands drought well and therefore this land makes
excellent pasturage. _

ln the vicinity of San Antonio and along" the line of the Southern
Pacific railroad in Medina county, a considerable part of the type has
been put under cultivation. It suffers badly fromdrought if not cul—
tivated frequently, but properly treated, it is one of the strongest soils

THE COMPOSITIOX or THE SorLs or SOUTH TEXAS. 21

in the State, It is especially adapted to cotton, corn, oats and sorghum.
In favorable seasons cotton yields from one-half to one bale per acre,
and corn from thirty-five to fifty’ bushels. Cats yields forty to sixty
bushels and sorghum from two to three tons.

For analysis, see soils of Medina county.

H ouston Fine Sandy L0mn.——'.l‘he surface soil is a brown, black or
dark gray fine sandy loam, eight to twelve inches deep. The subsoil to a
depth of thiijtyi-six inches is dark gray to brown, and varies from a
heavy sandy loam to a. clay. The soil is friable and ciasil_x' worked,
the drainage good. The land is productive, and yields fisoin one-fourth
to three-fourths bale cotton, twenty to forty bushels corn, and a good
crop of sorghum.

For a.nalysis, see soils of DeWitt county.

H ouston L0a1n.--'.l'his soil is a gray to dark brown or black heavy
sandy loam to heavy loani, eight to fifteen inches deep, over a subsoil
consisting of a. gray, brown or yellowish clay loam or clay’, below which. is
a white calcareous clay.

The soil has been formed by the weathering of calcareous deposits.
The soil is situated as high, gently rolling prairies and is Well drained.
The Houston Loam occurs in the northern part of Karnes, DeWitt and
Bee counties in large connected areas. 1t is the chief soil of Karnes
county. Bodies occur northeast of Oakville, north of Tilden, and south
of the Nueces river in llfchfullen and Live Oak counties. The type
is found south and east of Artesia. Other bodies occur in the southern
parts of Medina, and Atascosa counties near Noonan, Christine and
Campbellton.

The type was formerly a treeless prairie covered with mesquite grass,
but now supports a growth of mesquite, chaparral and prickly pear, often
Very heavy.

The soil is a strong one and adaptetl to all the staple crops of the
region. Cotton and corn are the principal crops. Cotton yields one-
fourth to three-fourths bale per acre, and corn from twenty to twenty-five
bushels. The yields are ‘often much higher. Sorghum, broom corn, and
heavy truck crops do well.

For analysis, see soils of DeWitt, Karnes, Nueces, Atascosa, and
LaSalle counties.

Laredo Clays-This type consists of a brown silty clay to heavy clay
surface soil, to a. depth of twelve to fifteen inches, where it becomes
lighter in color and heavier in texture. It is stiff and tenacious when
wet and bakes on drying. Deep and large sun cracks often appear.
The Laredo Clay was laid down by the overflow waters of the Rio
Grande, and, although heavy’, it is well drained. The largest areas of
the type are between Mission and San Benito and northeast of Barreda.

The topography is almost level, with just enough slope to keep the
water from‘ standing on it. At present (1910), very little of this
type is under cultivation. Near San Benito a field has been placed
under irrigation and has produced excellent yields of cabbage, onions
and other heavy truck crops. Celery/Y, cauliflower, beets, and lettuce are
grown to a limited extent and good returns have been secured. Cotton

22 Texas AGRICULTURAL Exrrnnrnxr STATIONS.

produces one bale per acre, corn, and sugar cane do well. Extensive
plans for the irrigation of this type are under wayn Care should be
taken to cultivate this soil when in proper moisture condition to pre-
vent baking. This should prove a valuable soil for agricultural pur-
poses.
For analysis, see soils of Cameron and Hidalgo counties.

Laredo Silt L0am.—This is a. gray to light brown sandy loam soil
to a depth of twelve inches, with a subsoil of similar character, but lighter
in color, to a depth of several feet. It is an alluvial soil deposited by
the Rio Grande, and occupies a strip of land along this river. It
occupies level land, but with a gentle slope away from the stream.
Under irrigation it yields good crops.

For analysis, see soils of Cameron and Webb counties.

Lomalta. CZay.—The soil of the Lomalta Clay consists of twelve or
sixteen inches of a dark or Clrz-ib clay with a relatively high silt content,
with a. similar but soineivh-at lighter subsoil.

The soil is alluvial in origin and 1t is only a few feet above ti.de.
The drainage is poor and a large part of the area is somexvh-ait marshy.

The Lomalta Clay is found along the coast adjacent to Matagorda
Bay, and some of the other bays. lt is found most extensively cliiwvelopecl
in Brazoria county, although smaller areas are found elsewhere.

The characteristic native vegetation is salt grass. The soil is not
cultivated but is used for grazing, for which it is best suited. under
the present conditions.

For analysis, see soils of Brazoria, Calhoun and Nueces counties.

Lama-Zia Fine Sandy IJocmiz.—The soil consists of four to eighteen
inches of giray, very fine sandy loam. The subsoil to thirtyr-six inches,
is a gray or grayish brown clay, often mottled with white, and frequently
containing lime concretions. The soil can be easily cultivated.

The type has been formed by the deposition of sandy material over
areas of the clay. The surface is level to slightly undulating, and drain-
.age is often poor. This type is found principally in southern Jackson
county and in Calhoun county. It supports a native growth of sedge
.and salt grass.

Very little of this type is cultivated. Cotton yields about one-third
bale per acre. It is not considered good agricultural land and much
-of it is used for grazing. '

For analysis, see soils of Calhoun county.

Lufkin Sktniisr-The Lufkin Sands consist of a. light gray, medium
to fine sand, "thirty-six or more inches deep; over a mottled yellow and
grayi clay. The soil is probably formed from sandy’ Tertiary deposits.
The surface is rolling, in places hilly, and the drainage is good. The
soil occurs in small scattered areas in Bee and Goliad counties. The
native vegetation consists of post oak, coarse grass, and undergrowth.

Little of the type "is cultivated; in the vicinity of Cuero it is used
to some extent for truck growing.

For analyses, see soils of DeWitt county.

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SoiLs or SOUTH TEXAS. 23

Lufkirt Sandy Lvoanz-r-The soil is ten to eighteen inches deep and
consists of a gray to light brown. loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam.
The subsoil to thirtyj-six inches consists of a drab or yellow clay, con-

taining fine sand. The typo has been formed from sand and clay

sediments deposited during the 'l‘ertiary age.

The surface varies from gently undulating to rolling, and drainage
is usually very good. "llhe type occurs in large areas in DeWitt, Bee,
Goliad and Victoria counties. Post oak, and live oak constitute the
native vegetation, with sedge grass near the coastal prairie.

A considerable part of the tvpe is ctiltivaterl, principally as small
farms, the staple crops being cotton, corn, and sorghum. Cotton yields
one-third to one-half bale per acre, corn from fifteen to twenty bushels,
sweet potatoes 150 to 200 bushels and Irish potatoes from 75 to 100
bushels per ‘acre. The yields depend largely on the rainfall.

For analyses, see soils of DeWitt and Goliad counties.

Maverick L0am.-—The soil consists of te11 to twelve inches of brown to.

light gray loam, underlain by a light brown to yellowish brown loam,
becoming heavier in texture with depth and grading at about three feet
into a compact clay loam or clay. Both soil and subsoil are highly
calcareous but low in organic matter.

The type is derived from a mixture of coarse sandy deposits and
heavier calcareous clays. The topography varies from almost level to
gently rolling. The largest areas of the type are found in western
Dimmit county and west-central Maverick county; there are also some
in Zavala county.

The greater part of the type supports only a sparse growth of mes-
quite, chaparral, and prickly pear, the growth in the valleys being
heavier. Grass is scanty and almost disappears in periods of lo-ng con-

' tinued drought.

The land is easily cultivated and the .limited acreage used for crops
has shown that it is well. suited to truck, onions, corn, cotton and forage
crops.

For analysis, see soils of Dimmit county.

Illavecnick Clay L0am.—To an average depth of eight to ten inches,
the soil consists of an ashy-grayr to light brown clay loam, rich in lime.
The soil becomes more compact with depth and at twenty-five to thirty
inches is a light yellowish brown or drab colored clay.

The tyipe is derived from the weathering of calcareous clays covering
the underlying formations of sandstone or limestone. The type occurs
in more or less extensive areas in nearly every part of Maverick, Dimmit,

and Zavala counties and in the southern parts of Iiinncyr and Uvalde.

counties.

The topography is generally gently rolling. The type generally is
well drained with the exception of the lake basins. Some of the type
was recently prairie but is now being rapidly covered with a growth
of mesquite and prickly pear. Other sections already support a heavy
growth of mesquite, chaparral, cactus, and grass to some extent.

Only a small percentage of the type is cultivated. In seasons of
abundant rainfall, large yields 0f cotton, corn and forage crops are

24 Ulisxas AGRIOULTFURAI. EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

secured, but in dry weather the soil has a tendency to become hard, dry,
and baked, and good crops are certain only When irrigation is practiced.
For zinalysis, see soils of Diinmit county. _

illillcr Silty C7ay.—This is a reddish brown silty clay fourteen inches
deep covering a reddish brown silty clay loan1. The land is known as
“shell land.” It was deposited at the same time as the Miller silt
loam, and, is composed of materials from the saine sources. The type
lies some distance from the streams and is rarely overflowed. Most
of the soil is adequately drained but open ditches are needed on some
spots.

The type is found in extensive areas in Wharton and Matagorda
counties. The native growth on the cultivated portions of the type
consisted of dense forests of hardwoods, in which predominate oaks, hick-
ory, ash, pecan a.nd elm.

Corn and cotton are the principal crops. Corn yields twenty-five

to fifty bushels, and cotton from one-half to one bale ner acre.

For analysis, see soils of Wharton county.

Miller Silt L0am.—'l‘o a. tiepth of fourteen inches the soil consists
of a light reddish silt loam. The subsoil varies considerably, ranging
from silt loam to silty clay. .

The soil is of alluvial origin and consists of the sediments brought
down by the Colorado and Brazos rivers from the red soils of the north-
western part of the State.

The soil occupies a gently sloping plain, and the drainage is excellent
It is found in Wharton and Matagorda counties. Where not cultivated
the soil is covered with a growth of oak, ash, sycamore, pecan and other
trees. ~

Cotton, corn, and sugar cane are the principal crops. Yields of cotton
have, at times, averaged one bale per acre. Corn ‘yields forty to sixty
bushels per acre, and sugar cane from twcntyr-five to forty tons.

For analysis, see soils of Wharton county.

lVoi-folln Fine i9amd.—'I‘he Norfolk Fine Sand consists of a loose fine
sand several feet in depth. The surface is light gray in color in the
cultivated fields, but in the wooded areas somewhat darker. The subsoil
is very similar to the soil, being a loose and incoherent, gray fine sand;
it sometimes has a yellowish or reddish cast.

This soil is derived from. the weathering of deep beds of sand of the
Eocene period. Tn many places the formation still has the appearance
of a.n ancient beach. The surface varies from almost level to gently
rolling- or hilly. The slopes are gentle and drainage good. Beginning
near Devine in southern Medina county, the type extends in a. general
north-easterly direction across the southern part of Bexar, Atascosa, and
the northern part of Wilson counties, forming an almost. continuous
strip six to eight miles wide. Other smaller areas are found in the area.

In the large areas, the soil is heavily timbered with black-jack oak,
post oak, and hickory, with a few live oaks. The land is locally known
as “black-jack lane.” Grasses are abundant and stand drought well.

Very little of the type is under cultivation, the greater part making

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SorLs or SOUTH TEXAS. 25

fairly good pasture. The soil is well adapted to the production of truck
crops.

For analyses, see soils of Atascosa and Bexar counties.

Norfolk Si” L0am.—'l.‘his soil is a loam of medium texture six to
eight inches deep, yellowish brown to dark brown in color. The subsoil
is brown to brownish yellow and a little looser in texture than the sur-
face soil. This soil is much eroded. The waterruns off in ravines and
gullies. A small acreage is under cultivation. The soil is typically
developed on the east side of Rosillo creek, ten miles southeast of San
Antonio.

For analysis, see soils of Bexar county.

Nueces Fine Sand.—The Nueces fine sand consists of twelve to
fifteen inches of loose gray, fine textured sand often containing enough
silt, clay and organic matter to make it slightly loamy, underlaid by a
fine sand of about the same texture, but containing less organicmatter
than the surface soil. The subsoil usually becomes lighter in color as
the depth increases until, at about thirtv-six inches, it is a very light
gray. It is usually moist and compact. A stiff light drab clay underlies
the deposit of fine sand at a depth of three to five feet below the surface.

The light sandy texture of the soil tends to make the natural drainage
very thorough, but the heavy clay underlying the subsoil. prevents ex-
cessive drainage and this together with the loose character of the surface
soil, which reduces lo-ss by evaporation, tends to maintain a supply of
moisture within reach of deep rooted plants.

Very little cactus or mesquite is found onthis soil but it supports a.
heavy growth of other native vegetation. It is easily cultivated but
so loose and incoherent that care must be taken to prevent drifting.
Very large yields of melons and sweet potatoes have been secured, es-
specially where methods of cultivation were used which tended to con-
serve moisture.

A limited acreage has been planted to cotton, which yields about one-
half bale per acre. Fair yields of early vegetables have been secured
during favorable seasons. The greater part of this land is used for
pasturage.

For analyses, see soils of Clalhoun, Cameron and Nueces counties.

Pledge/r Silt L0am.—The lPledger Silt Loam is of comparatively’ un-
important extent but is a very productive soil. - To a. depth of fourteen
inches it consists of a black or dark brown silty clay loam, high in
organic matter. It never clods even when. ploughed wet. The subsoil
is a. smooth, yellow, silty clay-r, which is itself productive wherever ex-
posed. This land is the best in this section of Texas in dry seasons.

The soil is sedimentary and occupies low narrow ridges and high
slopes adjacent to stream channels in the extensive alluvial region in
the vicinity of the Brazos and Colorado rivers.

lt is very limited in extent, occupying narroxv ridges between Caney
creek and the Brazos river. The native growth consists of hickory, oak,
ash and other hardwoods, the wild peach being the characteristic tree.

Portions of this soil have been cultivated for more than forty years

26 Texas AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

and are still productive. It is the ideal. corn soil of the area, producing
from forty to sixty bushels per acre. Potatoes and cotton do Well.
For analysis, see soils of Wharton county.

Rio Grandc Siliy C"Zay.——This is a dark brown to black silty clay or
clay, about twelve inches deep, with a lighter colored and lighter tex-
tured subsoil, which is a light sand at a depth of about thirty-six inches.
The soil was deposited by the Rio Grande, and occupies only small areas.
It is cultivated to some extent and yields about thirty bushels corn.

For analyses, see soils of Cameron county.

San Antonio Silty Clay L0a-m.—The soil consists of six to ten inches

,of dark brown to black silty clay loam with a decidedly reddish tinge.

The soil varies slightly in texture and color. The subsoil to thirty-six
inches is usually a dull red to brownish red clay, containing a large
amount of lime concretions. The soil is rich in orga.nic matter and small
snail shells and other calcareous materials are found scattered over the
surface.

The soil is derived from the Weathering of sedimentary deposits
brought down from the limestone hills. The soil is rather extensive
in the northern part of the area, occurring in large bodies in Bexar,
Medina and Uval.de counties. The largest bodies are found along the
Southern Pacific railroad between Hondo, Sabinal and Knippa. Areas
are also encountered near San Antonio.

Mapped as San Antonio Clay Loam in the San Antonio Area, Texas,
and as Oraiuford Siltg/ Ulay in the San Marcos Area, Texas. ’

The greater part of the type is nearly level, though a few areas have
a slightly undulating to sloping surface. In seasons of ‘excessive rainfall
some of the type would suffer from lack of drainage. The type sup-
ports scattering to heavy growth of mesquite timber, and some chaparral.
Several varieties of grass grow abundantly when rainfall is sufficient.

This is one of the best types of the area. During good seasons cotton
averages one-half bale or more per acre, and corn from thirty-five to
fifty bushels. The yields of sorghum and oats are high. The soil is
loamy and readily cultivated when dry.

For analyses, see soils of Medina and Bexar counties.

Trinity Fi/ne Sandy Loam and L0am-.—'1‘he light textured soils found
in some of the river bottoms consist of dark fine sandy loam to loam,
and are usually found in small spots, sometimes near the upland margin.

The soil is alluvial, coming mainly from the sandy soil on the neigh-
boring uplands. The soils are quite productive and give good yields
of truck crops, cotton and corn.

For analysis, see soils of DeWitt county.

T"I"L'77vity CZay.—This is the most extensive bottom land soil in the area.
Tt consists of a black or a very dark gray clay with an average depth of
twelve inches, underlain by a black or dark drab clay, somewhat lighter
in color. The soil is rich in organic matter and lime, and it is more
frisible than the amount of clay would indicate.

The soil is alluvial in origin, and is generally level, and a large area
is wet and swampy during a considerable part of the year. Nearly all

THE COMPOSITION or THE SoiLs or Sourn TEXAS. 27

of the type is subject to overflow. The largest areas are found along the
Brazos and Bernard rivers; areas are found also along the Colorado,
Navadid, Lavaca, Guadalupe and San 1&11tonio rivers.

Cotton was formerly the chief crop, sometimes yiielding as high as
one bale per acre. Corn yields from twentyr-fiyie to sixty bushels per
acre, depending on season and method of cultivation employed. Alfalfa
and rice grow well, and sugar cane, onions and cabbage can be grown
to good advantage. In the future the type will be more largely used
for the production of corn and alfalfa.

F or analyses, see soils of DeWitt and Wharton counties.

Uivalde E"ilty Clay Loama-Jfhis soil consists of ten to fifteen inches of
gray to light brown silt loam. It is highly calcareous but contains little
humus. The subsoil is a brown or yellowish brown silty clay loam. In
its virgin state the surface is covered by a thin silty crust, which, when
dry, is rather compact, but breaks up readily on cultivation. A loam
phase of the type occurs in the vicinity of Hondo and along the Frio
river, near the corner of Uvalde and Frio counties.

The soil was formed from material brought down the rivers from the
Edwards Plateau during the Pleistocene time. The tyipe is found in
fairly large areas in-Uvalde, Kinney, Zavala and Maverick counties. The
largest bodies occur along the Crystal City and Uvalde railroad in north-
ern Zavala county, and along the larger streams in urestern Kinney
county. It is also found in small areas 11ear the city of Uvalde.

It occurs as low flat terraces bordering the larger streams, and is
one of the most level types in the area. Drainage is usually adequate.

As a rule, mesquite timber and prickly pear form a fairly constant

‘ rowth on this tvoe. Following sutficient rainfall various weeds s ring
.. ._, J C)

up and are‘ succeeded in a few weeks by a vigorous groyvth of mesquite
grass. On the loamy phase of the type the growth is mesquite, chaparral,
and Spanish dagger. .

At present little of this type lS"-1T1(l(’;1‘ cultivation. The soi.l is very
productive and crop yields are largely a question of securing sufficient
Water. Under irrigation, this should prove to be one of the most pro-
ductive types of the area. At present, the greater part is used for
pasture.

For analyisis, see soils of Uvalde county.

Victoria Clair-The Victoria Clay is one of themost extensive and
important soils of the coast country. It is locally known as “hog wal-
low land” and as “black land.” The surface soil consists of eight to
twelve inches of a heavy dark brown to black clay. It becomes lighter
in color with depth and at two or three feet it is a light gray or drab.
Both soil and subsoil are calcareous. The soil cracks deeply, is sticky
when wet, and must be plowed when moisture conditions are just right,
or proper cultivation is impossible.

The surface of the soil is almost level, and drainage by ditches would
be of advantage in some of the areas. The Victoria. Clay occurs in
large connected areas throughout the coast country. Probably nearly
one-third of this section consists of this type. The native vegetation

73S TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

consist of a heavjy growth of grasses 0n the spur prairie and some
huisache, chaparral, mesquite and cactus in other sections.

The type is a strong one and is utilized to some extent for the grow-
ing of cotton, corn, sorghum, and rice. Large areas are still used for
grazing. Cotton averages about one-half bale per acre, corn twenty
to forty bushels, and rice ten to twelve sacks (1620 to 194:4 pounds) per
acre. The soil is suited to the growth of cabbage and onions, the
former yielding 2000 to 15,000 pounds, and the latter 7000 to 8000
pounds per acre.

For analyses, see soils of Brazoria, Jackson, Watagorda, Refugio, Vic-
toria, Wharton, Xueces and San Patricio counties.

Victoria Loanz.-—'1‘his soil is usually a dark brown to black heavy"
loani eight to twelve inches deep, grading into a dark gray or drab,
or slate clay or clay loam subsoil. The soil is slightly sticky when wct
and compact when dry, but when cultivated at the proper time, is quite
friable and loamy.

The Victoria Loam has been formed by the admixture of fine sand
xvith the heavy material which forms the Victoria Clay, which may have
been brought about by water or by the wind. The topography is level
to gently undulating or gently rolling. The larger areas in Jackson
county would be helped by ditch drains.

The Victoria Loam is found only in small areas as slight elevated
ridges, narrow and long, surrounded by the Victoria Clay; and again,
occupyiing slopes near the stream valleys.

The greater part of this type occurs as grass-covered prairie, although
in the western part of the area, it supports a small growth of mesquite,
chaparral and cactus.

A considerable portion of the Victoria Loam is in cultivation and it
is considered a desirable soil. It yields 10,000 to 15,000 pounds of
onions per acre, 14,000 to 720,000 pounds of cabbage, one-fourth to
three-fourths bale of cotton, and twenty to forty bushels of corn.

For analyses, sce soils of Victoria and Nueces counties.

Victoria Fine iSTcmdy Loam-The soil of the Victoria fine sandy loam
is a light brown to gray fine sandy loam with an average depth of ten
to twelve inches. This is underlaid by a light drab sandy clay, which
is often slightly mottled with iron stains. Deposits of lime are often
found scattered through the deeper subsoil. There is a distinct line be-
tween the sandy surface soil and underlying clay’, but the upper part
of the subsoil contains a larger percentage of sand than that found at a
depth of thirty to thirty-six inches. The Victoria Fine Sandy Loani is
easily reduced to a thorough state of cultivation, and crops on this tyipe
can be given a thorough surface cultivation immediately after a rain.
without forming clods or impairing the physical condition of the soil. The
topography of the soil and its light sandy texture insure good natural
drainage. The heavy clay subsoil aids materially in preventing excessive
drainage in the more rolling areas, and the loose fine sand which is
constantly shifted over the surface by the wind prevents excessive loss
of moisture hv evaporation, so that crops on this type suffer less from
drought than those on some soils of a heavier texture.

THE Coivrrosrrloiv OF THE So1Ls or SoU-"rrr “Tnxas. 29

The soil seems xvell adapted to the growing of early truck crops but
it is necessary to fertilize heavily to produce good yields of onions and
cabbage. It is Well adapted to tomatoes and grows lettuce and cucum-
bers equal to those obtained on any other type in the area.

When shallow cultivation and other methods which tend to conserve
moisture are practiced, the yields are always increased. Cotton gives
about one-half bale per acre when fertilizer is used. Corn is grown to a
limited extent and produces about twenty bushels to the acre. Without
fertilization, the yield of onions is about 5000 pounds per acre, birt where»
heavily fertilized and carefully cultivated, a yield of 10,000 to 12,000
pounds is secured.

For analyses, see soils of Victoria, Refugio, I)uval and Nueces coun-
ties. "

Webb Fina Sandy Loamr-Where typically developed, this type eonsits
of twelve to fifteen inches of brown to reddish brown fine sandy loam,
comparatively low in organic matter, and underlain by a. brown to
reddish-brown heavy fine sandy clay, "The color, depth, and texture
vary considerably throughout the type. »

The Webb Fine Sandy Loam is derived mainly from the weathering
of deposits of fine sand and sandy clay laid down over the older geo-
logical formations. _ "

Large areas of the type occur in nearly every part of Dimmit, Zavala
and Maverick counties, and in southern Bexar and northern Atascosa
counties. The largest area. lies northwest of Asherton and Carrizo
Springs. The topography varies from level to gently rolling, and most
of the land could be irrigated at small expense for leveling. Erosion
is not a serious problem on this type.

The native forest consists of mesquite, ehaparral and a scattering
growth of live oak. A poor quality of grass grows abundantly 011 the type
when rainfall is suffieient.

A larger proportion of the Webb Fine Sandy Loam is under cultiva-
tion than any other type in the area. Most of the cultivated land is
irrigated by water from artesian wells. When thoroughly cultivated,
and irrigated these areas produce large yields of vegetables, forage crops,
cotton and corn. Cabbage, lettuce, and onions, are grown for shipment
to Northern markets. The average yield of onions varies from 12,000
to 20,000 pounds per acre; corn yields from thirtv to fiftv bushels, and
cotton from one-half to one bale per acre. Oats have been grown to a
limited extent, and considerable truck is produced at Peteet. The prin-
cipal crops are cotton. corn, and sorghum, and although profitable crops
are grown in favorable seasons, the yield without irrigation on any
crop is uncertain. Strawberries, watermelons and cantaloupes are grown
both on irrigated and unirrigated land.

For analyses, see soils of Dimmit and Medina counties.

Zapata Fine Sandy Loam and Loam, (LTndiffcrani/iaterl).——The pre-
vailing soil, the fine sandy loam, is a dark gray or grav fine sandy loam
to a depth of eight to ‘twelve inches. The material becomes hard and
compact as the depth increases and at thirty to thirtv-six inches frag-
ments of limestone are found. The type is nearly all underlain with

30 ’l‘1-:x.»\s AGRICULTURAL Ex1'1sr<1.\1.12i\"r STATIONS.

limestone at a (lepth of about three or four feet, although it is onl.y a
few inches from the surface in the large area around Bamirena. The
type varies considerably in dilferent parts of the area surveyed.

The soil is generally derived from the weathering of the underlying
sandstone and limestone. The greatest development of the Zapata soils
is in the southwestern part of Live Oak county and the southeastern part
of McMullen county. Other areas arefound in the northeast part of
McMullen county near Ormvther, and along the Rio Grande in Maverick
county.

The surface is rolling to hilly and in many places quite broken. On
the rough stony phases ol’ the ty-‘pe, the native growth consists of small
scrubby chaparral, gaujillo and prickly pear. On the lower slopes there
is a good growth of mesquite. "

The greater part of the land is suited to grazing. ‘Southwest of
Oakville for a distance of ten miles, it is well suited for agricultural
purposes as any soil in that section. Irrigation would be expensive even
if water were obtainable. While grass is generally not abundant, the
gaujillo brush makes good feed for cattle.

For analysis, see soils of Dimmit county.

SOIL "rvrns ‘BY ooexvrr 

The following is a list of the types of soils found in the various coun-
ties, according to the maps published by the Bureau of Soils.

AHANSAS COUNTY.
Galveston fine sand.
Lornalta clay.
Lomalta loam.
Nueces fine sand.
Victoria clay.
Victoria fine sandy loam.
Victoria loam. -
ariiscosa COUNTY.

Blanco silt loam and fine sandy loam (undifferentiated).
Brennan fine sandy loam and loam (undifferentiated).
Duval fine sandy loam.

Duval gravellv soils.

Duval loam.

Houston clay loam.

Houston loam.

Norfolk fine sand.

Webb fine sandy loam.

BEE COUNTY.

Beeville finc- sandy loam.
Duval sandy loams.

Goliad loam and Houston loam.
Goliad. sandy loams.

Houston loam.

Lufkin sands.

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SoiLs OF SOUTH Tnxas.

Lufkin sandy loams.
Victoria clay.
Victoria fine sandy 10am.
Victoria 10am.
BEXAR COUNTY.

Blanco silt loam and fine sandy loam (undifferentiated).
Crockett loam.

Duval 10am.

Houston black clay.

Houston clay.

Houston clay 10am.

Houston loam.

Norfolk fine sand.
Orangeburg fine sand.

Rough stony land.

San Antonio silty clay 10am.
Webb fine sandy 10am.

BRAZORIA COUNTY.

Edna fine sandy loam.
Galveston fine sand.
Lomalta clay.

Miller silty clay.
Pledger silt 10am.
Trinity clay.
Victoria clay.
Victoria loam.

BROOKS COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy 10am.
Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy 10am.
Nueces fine sand.
Victoria fine sandy loam.
Victoria 10am.

Zapata fine sandy loam.

CALHOUN COUNTY.

Edna fine sandy 10am.
Galveston fine sand.
Lomalta clay.

Lomalta loam.

Lomalta fine sandy loam.
Nueces fine sand.
Trinity clay.

Victoria clay.

Victoria loam.

31

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIIVIPJNT STATIONS.

CAMERON COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy] loam.
Brennan 10am.

Cameron clay.

Galveston fine sand.
Laredo clay.

Laredo silty clay 10am.
Laredo silt 10a1n.
Lomalta clay.

Lomalta fine sandy loam.
Lomalta 10am.

Nueces fine sand.

Point lsabel clay.

Bio Grande silty clay.
Victoria fine sandy 10am.
Victoria 10am.

DEWITT COUNTY.

Goliad gravelly sandy 10am.
Goliad 10am and Houston 10am.
Goliad sands.

Goliad sandy loarns.

Houston clay 10am.

Houston fine sandy 10am.
Houston 10am.

Lufkin gravellyr sandy 10am.
Lufkin sands.

Lufkin sandy loams.

Trinity clay.

Trinity fine sandy 10am and 10am.
Victoria clay.

Victoria fine sandy 10am.
Victoria 10am.

DTMM IT COUNTY.

Beeville fine sandy loam.
Cameron clay.

Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy loam.
Houston gravelly soils.
Maverick clay 10am.
Maverick 10am.

Webb fine sandy 10am.
Webb siltyr clay 10am.

DUVAL COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy 10am.
Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy 10am.
Houston 10am.

‘EH12 COMPOSITION on THE Sorts or 500m TEXAS.

Victoria fine sandy 10am.
Victoria 10am.
Zapata fine sandy 10am.
GOLIAD COUNTY.

Beeville fine sandy 10am.
Edna fine sandy loam.
Edna 10am.

Goliad 10am and Houston loam.
Goliad sandy loams.
Karnes soils.

Lufkin sand.

Lufkin sandy loam.
Trinity clay.

Victoria clay.

Victoria fine sandy loam.

FRIO COUNTY.

Blanco fine sandy loam.

Brennan fine sandy 10am and loam (undifferentiated).
Duval fine sandy loam.

Duval gravelly soil.

Duval 10am.

Frio clayr.

Frio fine sandy loam.

"Houston clay 10am.

Uvalde silty clay 10am.
Webb fine sandy 10am.
HIDALGO COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy loam.
Brennan loam.

Cameron clay.

Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy loam.
Laredo clay.

Laredo silty clay loam
Laredo silt loam.

Nueces fine sand.

Rio Grande silty clay.
Victoria fine sandy loam.
Victoria 10am.

JACKSON COUNTY.

Edna clay loam and Victoria clay loam.
Edna fine sandy loam.

Edna loam.

Lufkin sand.

Trinity clay.

Victoria clay.

Victoria loam.

31 'I‘1~:.\'As AGRICULTLTRAL IEXPERIAIEXT STATIONS.

JIM “WELLS COUNTY

Duval fine sandy loam.
Houston 10am.

Victoria clay.

Yic-toria fine sandy 10am.
Victoria 10am.

Zapata fine sandy 10am.

ICARNES COUNTY.

IBeeviUe fine sandy 10am.

Duval sandy 10am.

Go1iad 10am and Houston 10am.
Goliad sandy 10am.

IIouston c1ay 10am.

Houston fine sandy 10am.

Houston 10am.

Karnes soil.

Lufkin sandy 10am.

KINNEY COUNTY.

Brackett stony clay 10am.
Duval 10am.

Frio clay.

Houston clay 10am.
Laredo si1t 10am.

Rough stony land.
Uvalde gravelly soil.
Uvalde silty c1ay 10am.

LASALLF. COUNTY,

Duva] fine sandy 10am.
Frio fine sandy 10am.

Frio 10am.

Frio silty clay 10am.

Houston clay 10am.

Houston 10am.

’l‘rinity clay.

Livi: OAK COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy 10am and 10am (undifferentiated).
Frio 10am.

FTio silty clay 10am.

Goliad fine sandy loam.

Houston clay 10am.

Houston 10am.

Norfolk fine sand.

’I.‘rinit_y c'1a_y.

Zapata fine sandy 10am and 10am (undifferentiated).

THE COMPOSITION or THE SoILs or SOUTH TEXAS.

MCMII LLEN CO UNTY.

Brennan fine sandy loam and loam (unditfcrcntiated).
Frio 10am.

Frio silty clay loam.

Goliad fine sandy loam.

Houston gravelly soils.

Houston loam.

Trinity clay.

Zapata fine sandy loam and loam (undifferentiated).

MATAGORDA COUNTY.

Edna clay 10am and Victoria clay loam.
Edna fine sandy loam.

Edna loam.

Galveston fine sand.

Lomalta clay.

Lomalta fine sandy loa111.

Miller silt loam.

Miller silty clay.

Pledger silt loam.

Trinity clayi

Victoria clay.

Victoria loam.

MAXERICK. COUNTY.

Brackett stony clay loam.

Brennan fine sandy loam and loam (undifiercntiated).
Duval loam. i '

Frio fine sandy loam.

Frio silty clay loam.

Houston loam.

Laredo silt loam.

Maverick loam.

Uvalde gravelly soils.

Uvalde silty clay loam.

Webb fine sandy loam.

Zapata fine sandy loam and loam (undifiteiwantiatetl).

M EDINA COUN TY.

Blanco silt loam and fine sandy loam (undifierentiated).
Crawford stony clay.

Duval fine sandy loam.

Duval gravelly soils.

Houston black clay.

Houston clay loam.

Houston gravelly soils.

Houston loam.

Norfolk fine sand.

Rough stony land.

U.‘

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL .i*i.\'l’]~1l{l.\l1<l.\"i‘ bfupvrioxs.

San Antonio silty clay 10am.

Uvalde grztvelly’ soils.

Uvalde silty clay 10am.

Webb fine sandy 10am.

Zapata fine sandy 10am and 10am Qunditferentiated),

NUEOES COUNTY.
Galveston fine sand.
Lomalta clay.
Nueces fine sand.
Tfrinity! clay.
Victoria clay.
Victoria fine sandy loam.
Victoria 10am.
REFUGIO COUNTY.

Edna fine sandy loam.

Edna 10am.

Lomalta clay.

fhomalta 10am.

Lufkin gravelly sandy 10am.

Trinity clay’.

Trinity fine sandy loam and 10am.
Yfictoria clay.

Victoria. fine sandy 10am.

Victoria loam.

SAN PATRICIO COUNTY.

Lomalta clay.

N ueces fine sand.

Trinity clay.

Victoria clay.

Victoria fine sandy 10am.

Vctoria 10am.

STARR COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy loam.
Brennan 10am.

Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy loam.
Laredo silt 10am.

N ueces fine sand.

Zapata fine sandy 10am.

UVALDE COUNTY.

Blanco silt 10am and fine sandy loam (undifferentiated).
Brackett stony clay loam.

Craxvford stony clay.

Duval 10am.

Frio fine sandy 10am.

Frio silty clay 10am.

Maverick clay’ 10am.

THE COMPOSITION or THE SorLs or SoUrH TEXAS.

Bough stony land.

San Antonio silty clay loam.
Uvalde gravelly soils.

Uvalde silty clay loam.

VICTORIA COUNTY.

Edna fine sandy 10am.

Goliad gravelly sandy 10am.
Goliad 10am and Houston loam.
Goliad sandy loams.

Lufkin gravelly sandy 10am.
Lufkin sands.

Lufkin sandy loams.

Trinity clay.

'l‘rinity fine sandy 10am and loam.
Victoria clay.

Victoria fine sandy loam.
Victoria 10am.

WEBB COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy loam.
Duval fine sand.

Duval fine sandy loam.
Houston clay 10am.
Houston 10am.

Laredo silt 10am.
Trinity clay.

Webb clay.

Webb fine sandy loam.
Zapata loam.

WHAIVFON COUNTY.

Edna clay 10am and Victoria clay loam.
Edna fine sandy loam.

Edna 10am.

Lufkin sands.

Miller silt loam.

Miller silty clay.

'l.‘rinity clay.

Victoria clay.

Victoria loam.

WILLAOY COUNTY.

Galveston fine sand.

Nucces fine sand.
Victoria fine sandy 10am.

WILSON COUNTY.

Blanco silt 10am and fine sandy loam (undifferentiated).
Duva]. fine sandy loam.
Duval loam.

37

38

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

Frio clay.

Houston clay 10am.
Houston 10am.

Norfolk fine sand.
Orangeburg fine sand.
Orangeburg fine sandy loam.
Webb fine sandy loam.

ZAPXTA COUNTY.

Brennan fine sandy loam.
Duval fine sand.

Laredo silt 10am.

Webb fine sandy loam.
Zapata fine sandy 10am.

ZAVALA COUNTY.

Duval fine sandy loam.
Duval gravelly soils.
Duval 10am.

Frio silty clay loam.
Houston black clay.
Houston gravelly soils.
Maverick clay loam.
Maverick loam.

Uvalde gravelly soils.
Uvalde silty clay loam.
Webb fine sandy loam.
Webb silty clay loam.

4.727

4-728
41737
4738
11739

117110
47111

4742
1577

1578
1579

DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES.
ATASCOSA COUNTY.

Norfolk fine sand, 0-172- inches; not cultivated, 3 miles southeast
of Poteet.

Norfolk fine sand, 12-36 inches; 3 miles southeast of Poteet.

Duval loam, 0-14 inches; not cultivated, Jourdanton.

Duval loam, 1-1-36 inches. Jourdanton; .

Houston loam, 0-14- inches; never cultivated, 6 miles southeast
of Christine. -

Houston loam, 14-36 inches, 6 miles southeast of Christine.
Duval fine sandy loam, 0-12 inches, 10 miles southwest of Jour-
danton. '
Duval fine sandy loam, 12-36 inches, 10 miles southwest of Jour-

danton, Bexar county.
San Antonio clay loam, 0-6 inches, 7 miles south of San Antonio.
Subsoil to 1577, (jlepth 6-12 inches.
Norfolk silt loam, depth 0-6 inches; produces one bale cotton
per acre, San Antonio. i

39

THE COMPOSITION OF THE S01Ls OF SOUTH TEXAS.

 

 

 

\
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Q I: .1 I: w; m.“ > .8 2N ........... . .22 asaumofih E3
IQBEE am 5am

3Q 32H owM $6 owd wmrm mo. M2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...Q.=:Bo2
and mo.» 31v mmé mod. E4. ow. ww. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..=o§qw~ no mmoq
ti 8% x3e 2% 3E 2 2 :23 fl .8 ........ 50am £26m E3 wfiiomfl
E23 $6 2w. s.» 2.: 5w 2. a. . ........ . .85.. ~25 2a “£53

5. i. NH. 2. S. nw. 2 . 8.

ma. mm. 2.: am. ma. fi. 8. 2 .

3 mm». 2N. “w. n3. 8m. .8. Ra.
mwo. “mo. “we. mno. m3. mwo. m5. mac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dwwohmz
mo. m3. mo. mmo. m5. woo. mmoo. mo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . J . . . . ..Eu< uioaamonm

ILEmO 3m
S? S? $2 $2 $2 $2 22 $2 R2 $5. :5. 0.3% $2. £2. 5S. $3. S?
momnsw oomtsw momnsw QQBSw mompsm wontsm zomnsm wufiém momnsw woafism momnzw 033m momnsm wouisw mamnsw wufihsw zownuw nudism
2am >20 83A >30 .
2Q £0.52 >=w>Q~U xvfim Smoq ENOQ >30 Eaoq 35am EQOQ 83A EEQ wnmm
Enwnofi mofisom nofiaofl 01:53 mam 2mm E25 ncumsofl vim flotoz

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dQHOm hO ZOHHHmOQEOO

40

1580

1581
1582

1583
4310

4311

3363

3364

3927

3928
3929

3930
4045

Texas Aearcurrruimri EXPERIMENT Srarrons.

Houston black clay loam, depth
San Antonio on Goliad road.
acre.

Subsoil to 1580, depth 6-12 inches.

Houston gravell_v* clay, depth 0-6 inches; virgin;
40 bushels corn per acre;
Juan road.

Subsoil to 1582, depth 6-12 inches.

Probably Norfolk fine Skllld, depth 0-12 inches; well drained.
moderately fertile upland; in southeast corner of Bexar county;
1 mile northwest from corner; G. K. Cannon’s farm; dark
brown sandy soil, known as post oak loam; produces one-third
bale cotton and 15 to 20 bushels of corn per acre; no fertili-
zers used; crops are slow in early spring; soil is soggy in Wet
seasons; crops grow well in dry seasons and soil holds moisture
well; it packs, crumbles, does not crack on drying, and Washes
very little; cultivated 27 years; no green crops have been
plowed under; manure gave good results ten years ago; land
is run down.

Subsoil to 4310, depth 12-24 inches, light brown sandy soil.

O-6 inches; 5 miles south of
IProduces 5O bushels corn per

can produce
5 miles south of San Antonio on San

BEE COUNTY.

Probably Goliad sandy loams, depth 0-9 inches; 2% miles northeast
of Beeville; farm of S. A. Watford; well drained; good rolling
upland, producing 20 bushels of corn and one-half bale of
cotton per acre; locally known as black land; mesquite grass is
native vegetation; soil does not pack; dries into clods; cracks
on drying and does not wash; well under-drained; cultivated
12 years. - r

Subsoil to 3363, depth 9 to 22 inches.

Probably Goliad loam, depth 0-6 inches;
Tuleto, farm of H. A. Hostetter; well drained; level, fertile
upland; known as “snail shell land ;” on this spot crops are

oor; sticky when wet; does not crack, pack or wash.

Subsoil to 3927, (lepth 6 to 12 inches.

Probably Goliad loam, depth 0-6 inches; well drained but poor
soil on farm of. C. C. Schrock, half mile south of Tuleto;
sticky when wet; holds moisture well; does not crack; washes
a little; cultivated three years; no green crop plowed under;
no manure used.

Subsoil to 3929, depth 6-12 inches.

Probably G-oliad loam, depth 0-11 inches; rolling; Well drained;
moderately fertile black clay loam, on Beeville Experiment
Station Farm, Beeville 6 miles southwest; known as “chocolate
loam” and produces 20 bushels corn per acre; citrus trees
turn yellow; no fertilizers; packs a little; dries into clods;
cracks widely on drying; washes and dirt washes onto it;
cultivated 10 to 12 years; no green crop plowed under; no
manure used; considered a. good soil.

half mile south of

41

THE COMPOSITION 0E THE SOIL-s OF SOUTH TEXAS.

 

 

         

 

 

 

 

_
....... + + @ + [T € 2w B» G + + + + @ @ ....-. ....-.-..-..%&@@._O<
..  8.0: :8 ~48. 88m 888 m8 8.8m v5 :8 88m 8.2a 2:. was 8.8m is ..............gsgomvzuo<
 . 8.: “n; 8.8 8.2 w. 8 8 8 E. 8 8 2 w; 8.8 9S W8 88$ N2 #8 ...:2¢< asammofi @282»
. . . . . . L082 .5 3am

. w N a; E m 8 m 8 N 8 m 8 N w: 2E 8.8 3N 8.8 $3.. .................22ms2
. Q 8+ 8.... 3.... 8+ a.” m; 83 82 x3 8+ 2.... 2E ..........Hssew1sm.aq
. 88.8 8.8 2 .3 8 .8 88 :28 8.2 8S 2 .R $2: 8.3 8. a 18am 2.25 2a 28205
. 3w 88 8.8 88 8.» 8mm 88 8E a8 m: w; 88 .455... Q25 Ea was.

. . . ®@. @N. fiN.   fi$. 5%. flfi.  ¢%. @W. %N. 3%. Nfi. WQ. ........-.-.......d_-~8flM-W2
.  8; 8. 8. 83 8. 88 z N 2: 3 8.“ 88 88 88 8. S. 
.  S. 8. 8. 3. 2.. s” 8m 8H 3. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 3.  ....... ......E§om
.... SE8. w8. £8. 8o. 8E. 88. SH. 88. 8d. o8. 8H. 88. 88. 8o. 8:. 
. . . . . 88. Q8. 88. 8. 8. 82 N8 N8 8 88. m8. £8. £8. :8. 8. .................................. . .22 238E086

lucwU hum
_ _ Ir I . r ll‘.l I
E2... :8 E8 88 ma...“ 82. $2. $3 $8. 88m 88m 88 88 88 88
momnsw Towfisw zomncm ouwfism =omnsw medium Iomnsm Qvwfism momnsm 6365i. zomnsm wufitsm zomnsm wowfisw =omn:w_ wvmtzw
afiOQ. ENOQ ENOQ ENOQ BNOQ EMOQ EMOQ
2am 0am 85w 2.8 E26 88.6 8.2.6 $8.6 v8.6 88am E6
mSmQZQU 6525M bnsnokm Enanoum finmnohm finmnohm finwnohm
wezcooummm

Hzéfinéoviwwmow mo 2088505806

4046
4047

4048
3568

2074
2075

2076

2077
2078
2079
2080
3387

3388

T3525
3529
3532

3533
3552
3553
3554
3555

928
1066

Texas AGRICULTURAL EXPEBIAIENT STATLONS.

Subsoil to 4045, depth 11-23 inches; dark brown with reddish
tinge.

Probably Goliad loam, depth 0-12 inches; description same as
4045; cultivated 8 to 10 years.

Subsoil to 4047, depth 12-734 inches.

Goliad loam, depth 0-10 inches; black loam; 2 miles south oi’
Beeville.

Subsoil to 3568, depth 10-36 inches; black sandy clay.

Beeville fine sandy loam, depth 0-12 inches; gray fine sandy
loam, half mile south of Beeville.

Subsoil to 3570, depth 12-30 inches; gray sandy clay.

Galveston fine sand; depth 0-10 inches; brown fine sandy loam;
five miles north of Beeville.

BRAZORIA COL'NT'Y.

Probably Victoria clay, surface; black heavy clay loam; Angleton.

Probably Victoria clay, surface depth 0-18 inches; black clay;
iangleton.

Probably’ Edna fine sandy loam, surface; black sandy loam;
Angleton. _

Probably Edna fine sandy loam, surface; brown sandy loam.

Subsoil to 2077, dark brown clay loam.

fProbably' Victoria clay; black waxy clay; Angleton.

Subsoil t0_ 2079.

Probably Lomalta clay, depth 0-7 inches; good soil; well drained;
does not overflow; black clay, known as “big slough soil ;”
H. .T. Klorres, northeast of Velasco ; produces 15 to 25 bushels

- of corn, one-half bale cotton per acre; gets too wet in Wet sea-
sons, dries out quickly; soil does not pack much; crumbles and
does not crack on drying; washes slightly in heavy rains;
crabgrass is the native vegetation; cultivated 17 years; no
manure used. .

Subsoil to 3387, depth 7-20 inches; brown loam.

CALHOUN COUNTY.

Lomalta clay, depth 0-15 inches; 10 miles south of Port Lavaca.
Subsoil to 3525, depth 16 to 36 inches.

Lomalta fine sandy loam, depth 0-7 inches; 8 miles south of

Port Lavaca.

Subsoil to 3532, depth 8 to 36 inches. .

Nueces fine sand, depth 0-15 inches ; Port O’Connor.

Subsoil to 3552, depth 15-36 inches. -

Lomalta clay, depth 0-8 inches; 7 miles southeast of Port Lavaca.

Subsoil to 3554, depth 9-36 inches.

CAMERON COUNTY.

Probably Laredo silt loam; Olniito, Texas.
Rio Grande silty clay, 0-12 inches; Brownsville.

43

THE COMPOSITION 0F THE Sons OF SOUTH TEXAS. .

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

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. |no==§ Em 2.8
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and . . . . . A. . mfiw .  ..   . ..    .. . . . .  ..
23: No.2. 5.3 3a mmlw wfia $2 3E 2;: 21a ooow E20 wwomw Sim  Si? .. .85 @525 B... $33022
2&2 woo 2B on. 3.8 Ed 8.: 52 8.2 him m: o» H om o hm 3w .......uo.Q 0.. 2E5 E8 Eai
,?$- 0x. l“. Vi. 2g. Xfi. 0%. 00-  i@- 00- n00. .i%xo- Li. - .¢»' £0. .-....--.-¢-.|-.-.-fi%$%%fi
. w. . . . m2. NA . mo. N. . .. . . . ..  m.  .. ..  .
 a... s. s. m. a. z. s. a. s. N... a. .5. s. .. .. 2. ...................._ago~
as. 2. 3o. N3. to. as. ma. moo. £9 wfi. as. NS. wfi. 3n .. .252. ...............:a.wobmz
S. ma. moo. we. to. 3. Bo. ooo. 2a. moo. omo. to. 2o. woo  .. a...  oiifiwfiiwm
fie... 3m» mm...” $3 Mm...” Nm...» .32 £2 2am $2 owow ofiom E8 Rom we... E3  2.0.8
E55 8.5m =°B=m v8.86 =ss=m 083w =¢B=m QaEm €B=w QsEw msea 53m _s.e_m 8.5m E55 Qaoaw fisé Qafim
>20 9.3m Bmoq >20 >20 >20 Bwoq 3.5m Egq monnw >20
azafloq vim $902.2 macaw 22m wfiwfleq . mrafloq ai32> 3E 26H 05m gum 2.2025»
QSMEOQ bnwnobm bnmnokw. finmnokm Enanfizm 32220.5

>HZDO0 200M152 0

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44 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

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. . . . . ..  .  .. .  . . . . .  . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . .. v2 o2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tnwfiomw£oo<
.  do  . .   .  . . . . . .. .2. . . . . . .. mo.» 92 .2 9M2 .22 . . . . . .. wow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE3. oionnmonmofioudo.
IQBEE am sum
No.2 3.2  vw 2 omé mo. . . . . . .. wwo mod no.2. 2. . 2. 22m 2d . . . . . .. 2.9m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..P5§o§

2o n22 ..  owd 2.x mnlfi . . . . . .. o9: oo m. 21w on. o». om.2 2.2 . . . . . .. 2.» . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5283 no 32H

oooo wmoo  ooow “mom $48 . . . . . .. 5.2 2. mo owoo Goo owoo 22mm 2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inflow wEEow E8 2n2omn~

3.: 2.2 ..  ma.» 2o 2o . . . . . .. $.12 22 ow.2 2.. mo. 2.2 no.2 . . . . . .. 2o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inofiocmwoiO wmaafiiu?

wmlH  a¢|u|¢u 2M; N”: NNO 11cc‘:   mwl Gm¢ ON:   ¢ ¢ u - - -  - - u . - I - ~ . ~ ¢ Q ~ u - ¢ » - - - - - u . ¢ I n - ~ - a - u n - - a 0- tud z

2.2 mo.   mm. ma. 2. . . . . . .. 3.2 wmd wwd wo. 2. 5.2 So . . . . . .. m»;  . 6E5

ma; 3.2 . . . . . .. mo. on. Em. . . . . . .. oo. moo. no.2 2. m2. mo; om.    filnwqoom

moo. m2. 2o. omo. moo. 8. o2. ma. omo. wmo 2. om. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dwwounzZ

wo. 2o. mo mo. 8o 2. m2. wm. moo. moo. 2. 2. 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.. uioammoam

lufloU 8m

$5. ma» oowm £2 mam $2 3% ma... 5a 3% 2.2 5.2 . mg
€B=m QSQh-w 3B5 085m $.55 §r=w =o5=w §m=m maea 325w $55 033w mazaa. Q55 =¢B=m_ 02.5w

Egg 323w Sued 2am 05h aflO mam 53A Ea 2am 0am n30 as:

2E uiSoc, 5am vim E55 omens 2m 2.05 88:2 2.0.5 Ea 038A

2.22:...» E25 >z£2m . >255 522m
WHZDOO H<>DQ wezooo 202M340

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1075
1076
2325
2326
3613

3614

3375

3376
3523

3527

3549 ‘

3562
3563
3566
3567
3574
3575
3576

3577

' 3606

3607

THE COMPOSITION or THE SorLs or Sourn TEXAS. 45

Probably Lando clay; San Benito.
Subsoil ; San Benito.
Nueces fine sand, 0-12 inches; 8 miles east of Sarita.
Nueces fine sand, 12-36 inches.
Probably Laredo silt loam, 0-8 inches; one-half mile from station,
Olmito, farm of E. 1). Box.
Subsoil to 3613, 8-20 inches.

DEWITT COUNTY.

Probably Goliad sands, depth 0-9 inches; 2% miles west of Cuero ;
farm of Fred Ohrt; slightly rolling; moderately fertile; black
sandy upland; well drained; does not overflow; produces 25
bushels corn per acre; no fertilizer used; soil does not pack,
run together, crack or wash; under-drainage good; cultivated
for 12 to l5 years; ‘no green crops ever plowed under; no
manure used.

Subsoil to 3375, depth 9-20 inches; dark brown gravelly clay.

Goliad fine sand, depth 0-10 inches; black fine sandy loam; 31};
miles northeast of Yorktown.

Subsoil to 3523, depth 10-26 inches; black fine sand, grading
to reddish fine sandy clay.

Goliad fine sandy loam, depth 0-10 inches; black fine sandy
loam; 2 miles east of Yorktown. v

Subsoil to 3530, depth 10-36 inches; red fine sandy clay, resting
on white chalky substance.

Goliad loam, depth 0-1.0 inches; black-gray loam; 3;‘; miles east
of Yorktown.

Subsoil to 3548, depth 10-36 inches; red-brown loam, growing
more red with depth until white chalky material is reached.

Lufkin sands, depth 0-10 inches; grayish brown fine sand; 9
miles northeast of Cuero.

Subsoil to 3562, depth 10-36 inches; light gray, grading to brown-
ish; trace of small gravel.

Iuifkiir sandy loam, depth 0-10 inches; gray fine sand, some
small gravel; 4% miles northeast of Cuero.

Subsoil to 3566, depth 10-36 inches; yellow fine sandy clay,
grading to red. l

Houston fine sandy loam, depth O-6 inches; black fine sandy loam;
half mile west of Lindemon.

Subsoil to 3574, depth 6-36 inches; black clay gradingto white i

chalky clay.

Houstonloam, depth 0-10 inches; black loam containing small
white shells; 3 miles north of. Cuero.

Subsoil to 3576, depth 10-36 inches; black silty clay, grading
to dark gray clay.

Trinity clay, depth 0-10 inches; black clay loam; Guadalupe
bottom; produces 50 to 60 bushels corn; one bale cotton, 25
tons cane; level; occasional overflow; 4 miles northwest of
Cuero. _

Subsoil to 3606, depth 10-36 inches; black clay loam.

46 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

 
  

o o 1| | | .1  o o o o o ...................noowmo<
~42 vma i: ooom 2mm 93m 9E TEN 22  2x: bdfi ............e..s..n$zs<
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. ||no==2 hi 2am
m: m: 3N mom £4. S.” Sm £4 moA mm. 2E S: . . . . ............w5omB2
m: mmw. mmm a2 omb 2Q. mom 5m $4 84 3.“. £4 ..........a.o.awio mmoq
3% 3% 2 .3. flaw... $3. S .2 3 .3. $3 .32 M53 3R 3% 35m wzzom E5 EQEQEH
23. oom a: o; 5.3 a; 5Q ooo 2mm m: $.12 w: 52H mo @250 E5 @5524
2. i. $4. Sm 5. fim. S. mm. S. 2. 8... 2. 
3am mm. 3.3 mag: wmmfi Ems moA SA mm. S.    . . .......@EMA
5m. 2N. 3 S. . R. fi. mm. 2.. i... B. 5.. 3. . . . . . . . . 55cm
N8. ooo. m2. o8. 3o. 1.3. m8. 5o. 5. omo. m2. mmo. .................s......£z
moo. m8. m2. >2. N8. omo. moo. mmo. moo. 8.. 8o. 8. . . . . . . . . . .23.. 05655.25 u»
IE0 6m
max $3. S3 oomm Rem oSm 2mm E2 mo...” momm momm monm $3 £3 mmmm ommm 8.3 mmmm 2mm 3mm
momnam vfid5m zomnsm vumtsm mownsm ouatam momnsm wuatsm momnsm vuafism mamnsm w2a5m momnsm $3.5m momnsm wofibm momnsm wuflfism mowncm oufitsm
5.25 25mm >20 53A BMOQ Enoq monam 5.5m 83A 5.3m >€5m 33m mwaam “Know
“HE .3529 .35.? 5825M 52am 3E 535A 555A 1.230 @266 @336 55525
Znwnokm 535cm

WBZDOO BEES HQ

eezfififiovlwfiow mo. zoHaHwofigoo

5947

5948

3198

3199
3391

3392

2364

2365

2366
3193
3194
4673

4674

4675

4676

471'?’

3182

THE Oomrosrrron or THE SorLs or Scorn TEXAS. 47

Probably Trinity fine sandy loam, depth 0-12 inches; 21} miles
south. of Thomaston on Guadalupe river; moderate, black sandy
loam; known as “valley loam” and subject to overflow; pro-
duces 15 bushels corn and one-third bale of cotton per acre.
Native vegetation is sedge grass; water penetrates the soil
readily and the surface dries quickly; stands drought Well
when thoroughly cultivated; dries into clods; when packed,

clods take a long time to disintegrate; dirt does 11ot wash

onto it; cultivated 15 years; no green crop plowed under;
no manure used.

Subsoil to 5947, depth 12-24- inches; black sandy soil.

DIMMIT COUNTY.

Probably Webb fine sandy loam, depth 0-15 inches; Weil Bros.,
(Jarrizo Springs.

Subsoil to 3198, depth 15-20 inches.

Imobably Webb fine sandy loam, depth 0-12 inches; fertile;
brown sandy loam; 11} miles west of Asherton, on farm of Roy
Fletcher; 150 yards southeast of flowing well; north half
section, Survey 8 of I. 8t G. N. Ry. ; vegetable and fora.ge crops
grown; no fertilizers; boggy in some places in wet weather;
holds moisture well if cultivated; runs together, dries into
clods, cracks into small cracks on drying; good surface drain-
age; washes very little, but dirt Washes onto it in some places;
cultivated since 1909; no green crop plowed under and no ma.-
nure has been used; sample taken from place Where native
vegetation would not grow.

Subsoil to 3391, depth 12-22 inches; brown loam.

DUVAL COUNTY.

Duval fine sand, 0--8 inches; Hebbronville.

Duval fine sand, 8-26 inches; Hebbronville.

Duval fine sandy loam, O-18 inches; 312- miles north of San Diego.

Probably Victoria fine sandy loam, O-12 inches; Benavides.

Subsoil to 3193, 12-24 inches. -

Maverick loam, depth 0-15 inches; five miles southeast of Car-
rizo Springs.

Maverick loam, depth O-10 inches; five miles southeast of Car-
rizo Springs.

Maverick clay loam, depth O-12 inches; three miles southeast
of Carrizo Springs. -

Duval fine sand, light brown, fine to medium sand to several
feet.

Zapata fine sandy’ loam, depth 0-8 inches; Carrizo Springs.

FRIO COUNTY.

Probably Duval fine sandy loam, depth O-3 inches; slopes east;
one mile north of I. & G. N. depot, Pearsall, Texas; known
as Owingo field; poor land; well drained; produces one-fourth

48 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

 

 

 

 

  

o  .. . c D ..... .. W + .. o .......  .... 5§¢<
mqwm  mlwmmllIiill wdom...  ..................nwwm_omo>$o<
w.m  .. admfl . . . . . .. . . ........fiwéoionnmommofiuu<

L252 am asp
$5 . mw. .  mud on. wmA . . . . . ..................o5¢£o§

EA  36 . . . . . .. 25 $4 $5 . ............=o$Ew~aommoA
3% . . . . 3% .. film 32.. E3 ......¢...aw Qzzaw 2a Qzsomfi:
ow.»  21 . m3 o: ow...“ ......_§IQ 2E5 Ea @5824
m5.  24m . . . . . .. mm. wmfl fix 
B. . . . . . .. N92 . . . . . .. fim. NH. ma.   . . . . .   6E5
aw.  ovm. . . . . . .. ow. 3 an .. .. . .. 433cm

3o. . . . .  wmo. . . wwo. so. wmo. . .................dwwobmz

ave.  k2. . mmo. m5. m3.  umpoznmonm

. |§vO 6m
23. $8 . . . . . . . $5 . . . . . . . 55a . . . . . . . 33“ . . . . . . . $3“ . . . . . . . . E8 . . . . . . . . S3 22 3mm 23 Mas
momnsm vufltsm momnsm wufitsw mommcm “Sufism mownsm “Sufism zcwnsm Quwtsm zamnsw muwfsw momnsm medium momnsm wvwism momnsw ousfisw
_ . .
83A bunaw 8.3% 35mm 88A fiunwm 35w vim 82A >30 EmoQ EmoA EMOQ 35am BmoA zwaww
warm 125D warm 125G 2am maoQwN E35 xoigwfi xoiwfiwfi xoiwiwz warm amok, 2am new?
£32m . >z~a=m >225

WBZDOO BHESGQ

ewahwflfiovlwggow he. zowiwofifii

46718

41679

5708

3369

THE COMPOSITION or r1115 Soirs or SOUTH ‘Fnxas. 49

bale of cotton per acre; red soil; hard to manage in dry weath-
er; does not pack when wet; represents 20 acres on farm.
Duval fine sandy 10am, depth 0-18 inches; 1% miles west of
Pearsall.
Subsoil to 4678, depth 18-36 inches.

GOLIAD COUNTY.

Goliad loam, depth 0-14 inches; black heavy loam; '7 miles north-
west of Goliad.

Subsoil to 3538, depth 141-36 inches; brown clay, containing
white spots.

Lufkin sandy loams, depth 0-12 inches, gray fine sand containing
coarse quartz fragments; 5 miles south of Goliad.

Subsoil to 3550, depth 12-36 inches; mottled gray and yellow
sandy clay.

HIDALGO COUNTY.

Probably Brennan fine sandy loam, O-11 inches; farm of A. R.
LaRue, McAllmer, Texas.

Subsoil t0 2230.

Probably Brennan fine sandy loam, 0-10 inches; Thos. M. Plum-
mer, Mercedes.

Subsoil t0 2956, 10-20 inches. ~

Probably Laredo clay, O-6 inches; J. P. Norwood, 4-92- miles south
of Donna.

Subsoil t0 3371, 6-16 inches.

JACKSON COUNTY.

Probably Victoria clay, depth O-8 inches; level; fairly well
drained; black clay; one mile southeast of Ganado, farm of
Henry Halvarsen; known locally as “black hog-wallow land ;”
produces 670 lbs. of seed cotton 011 3 acres; no fertilizers used;
native vegetation is crab grass; dries slowly in wet seasons;
gets hard and cracks deeply in dry; poor under-drainage;
does not wash; no green crop ever plowed under and no
manure used.

Subso-il to 5707, depth 8-16 inches; black clay.

KA RNES COUNTY.

Probably Houston loam, depth 0-10 inches; dark clay loam; one-
half mile west of Panna lllaria, farm of V. S. Kowalik; mod-
erate rolling, dark loam; known as “yellow sandy loam ;”

1

produces 100 lbs. cotton and 5 bushels corn per acre; no fertili-

zers used; native vegetation Concho grass; seems to produce

l.ess in wet seasons; soil does not pack or
washes a little, but dirt does not wash onto it; cultivated 30
years; no green crop plowed under; 2 tons of manure per

acre gave moderate results, but the crops burned in dry
weather.

crack ; crumbles,

50 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

   

 
    

3 3 I vl. . - . - - - - - - ¢ - - - - - . - - - -. @ fiw Aw I II . . . . . . - . . . - . . - . . - - . . - - . . ¢ . . . - - -»- - - - - - - - --I->PErQ<
5Q: 5E. wAS mduww odom wdww . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  odm mama QAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......n§om w>fio<
5m Wmfi 9Q. wan QQmN 9N3 ~23 9E. . . . . . .. 9n QB Yam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z164 oionnmoam o>so<

|nommE 5m 3.8m
$4. $5 $6 $6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. wad mm. finm $4. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..w.:5mmo§

g6 Enw g4; 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. $5 mw. 2mm Ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iuofiifinommoq

9mm  $6“. Q. 6w   wfiow 2x3. wwmow 2Y2“ SA» N95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..uofimw_ns_omwnao_ns_cmnH

. . . . . . . . . 5.3 SNH .. . . .@m.w i.» 33 am. we.» aw.» ................................................;....iuo~zowwiownwwflfls_<

R... mm. wi. ¢w.m . . . . . . . . . .. w». E S... S. w? aw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Efiwwnwafi

3.. mm. mwéfi HQNH . . . 3a on. aw. mo. Nwb Q. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ..............w§A

am. ma. 3A ma; . . . . . . . . . . . . .. mm. ow. mm. B. S. ma. . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........a3pom

$0. 26. owfi. QB. So. m3. mmo. >3. amo. omo. m5. c3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . .  . . . . . .....nomo.=:Z

. . . . ...    .......  . .       

L230 5m
m8... $5 NS” :2 5% 3% Ema 3% E2 $2 am?“ £3

13:5 wufitsw momnsm wnéfisw momnsw mvwism momnsm wowfisw momnsw wumiam momnsw wowism v

>20 .35 83A 3.5m flaoq 35mm Swoq zwnww EdQQ
¢i8£> 038A warm nwnnfim vim nmnafim nflmsq uamoU
zeéa 532m p >zfiem 528m
wazpao wezooo owifim wezpoo nfiqoo
zowmofi.

ew=asqov|wdow MO zofiHwomSoo

'3a70

3524

3528
3531

3534
3556

3557'
3564

3565

4632'

4633
4634
4635
4636
4637
4638
4639

4653

4654

1266
2233

2234
2236

3161

3162
3546
3547
3560

3561

THE COMPOSITION OF r1112 SoiLs or SOUTH TEXAS. .51

Subsoil to 3369, depth 10-18 inches; dark clay.

Houston loam; depth 0-12 inches; black loam; 5 miles northeast
of Helena.

Subsoil to 3524, depth 12-30 inches; black clay loam.

Houston loam, depth 0-10 inches; black clay loam; 4 miles south
of Riddleville.

Subsoil to 3531, depth 10-36 inches; black and gray clay.

Goliad sandy loams, depth 0-10 inches; dark brown fine sandy
loam; 2-1-miles east of Green.

Subsoil to 3556, depth 10-30 inches; red sandy clay.

Duval sandy loams, depth 0-10 inches; reddish brown fine sandy
loam; 5 miles northeast of Runge.

Subsoil to 3564, depth 10-36 inches; red sandy clay.

LA SALLE COUNTY.

Erio loam, depth 0-16 inches; 8 miles southeast of Cotulla.
Subsoil to 4632, depth 16-30 inches.

Frio clay, depth 0-14 inches; 12 miles southeast of Cotulla.
Subsoil to 4634, depth 14-30 inches.

Houston loam, depth 0-10 inches; '7 miles east of Cotulla.
Houston loam, depth 10-36 inches.

Houston. clay loam, depth O-12 inches; 8J2- miles east of Cotulla.
Subsoil to 4638, depth 12-30 inches.

LIVE OAK COUNTY.

Frio fine sandy loam, depth 0-16 inches; 5 miles southwest of
Oakville.
Subsoil to 4653, depth 16-36 inches.

LIATAGORDA COUNTY.

Probably Victoria clay, depth not given; ri.ce soil; Bay City.
Probably Edna fine sandy loam, depth 0-15 inches; moderately
fertile; well drained; light brown sandy clay soil on farm of

F. P. Lnnd, Midfields ; soil is soft in wet seasons and very dry

in dry seasons.

Subsoil to 2233, depth 15-24 inches; dark brown very fine sand.

Probably Edna loam, depth 0-4 inches; moderately fertile, well
drained soil on Katayama farm, Markham; produces 18 barrels
rice per acre; rice is the principal crop.

Probably Edna fine sandy loam, depth 0-6 inches; moderately
fertile; poorly drained, sandy loam, on farm of S. W. Mar-
jarum, Palacios; breaks up easily when wet; runs together.

Subsoil to 3161, depth 6-15 ‘inches; clay.

Edna loam, depth O-10 inches; 2 miles north of Blessing.

Subsoil to 3546, depth 10-36 inches.

Edna fine sandy loam_.depth 0-16 inches; 2 miles north of
Blessing. I ~

Subsoil to 3560, depth 16-36 inches.

52 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

o  o o o o. o   o 1| |l I I I| |  ..._.............~nxwmu<
mono .13 oom 3.5 m SA 2E “o? ~43 Q3 Q2: Z3 o.m“ . “a5 2w... v62 33 . . . . . .. .. . . 8.598 $53..
2% :8 mAA m4“ @...§ fimfi 8.3 3.3 n40. 2m mfiA “.5 . oAA 1a mom N2 . . . . . ..  E3. occgeanmozui

liaz 8m 2am
m2 :2. m: 24¢. 34. m2 3N N2 2Q S. 2L m3 owo 3w 2A. 3m N: $4 I . . ...__._.............w8¢Bo§
x1 o?“ om.“ N: 5m s}. 3a 3m w: m: m; ma.” 3m. S.“ “NA a: mo.“ a: . . . .   . .. . 80383 no mmoA
5% E2 H53 “A w“ $8 owo“ 3% 3% 2% 23 3% 3% 28 3.2 xwmw 56w 5% 3% ....... 185m 022cm 2a QEEQEA
“A12 32 o; mo.“ 3.: 8.: w: 3w A; oo.m S.» 5... 8.: 3: 2Q n: $4. $6 . . . .  ..=2H..¢ wAiO €§aa2<
w“. “m. mo. ow. 2. wm. wA. om. “w. oA. wA. oo. ANA ow. on. mm. mo. ow. . . . .  .. . . . .  afiouwwz
$4. 3.“ w; 3N. o“.o A2 ma.“ 5N m? 8. ma. “m. s.” mm; m“. mo. wmfi 2am 
S: m8. i... ma. m5. ow. it fi. on. w“. n». ma. “m. E. mm. “w. mm. 3. ..........._~§...~
ma. Eo. owo. m2. wfi. 2:. “oo. mwo. m“? me. ooo. owo. o“o. ma. 2o. $8. m3. moo. . . . . . . . . . $2582
8H. m2. moo. 3c. m2. m2. S? moo. mmo. m8. ma. omo. moo. m5. “oo. 2o. moo. N8. . . . . . . . . 1220A‘. oiofiflmwonwiom
an: £3 $3 ma? £2. $8. ma; £3 mw...” $2 $3 £3 $3 $2 mg o $2 22 $2
=cmn:m_ wowtsw zowszm uoaisw zomnsw medium momnsm ovfitsw _ momnsm Q0385 moms aw oufliaw momnsm Qumfiaw zownsl 885w mownsm @0385
85A 83A >20 88A 38am 88A zwnmm . 88A 838cm
>20 cfizwsom 83A 8395i >25 3.5 8woA aim 125D ommow .8.....oA aoomsom 83A 888cm finanobm .

WHZDOO 815$ 4A

MHZDOO @8258

eazaéoulmqHow rAQ ZOAHAwOMQ/AOO

53

THE COMPOSITION OF THE Sous OF SOUTH TEXAS.

awisqoolwwmom rAQ 2089598200

-  
. . . . . .. Q l| ll  Q Q O  C .©©N O  Q . O 

. . . . . .. adv 33m . . . . . .. 93m Q52 9R2 93A . . . . . .. 5mg wawA Q52 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. msmm wean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........m5@omo>uu<

. . . . . .. Q63 Wm  Wm Q3 9cm mam  “AWN nAm adv  98A o5»: ............................Amo<oioammonmv>mao<

. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1.55:2 5m wtam

we hm w S. wA w wm A 3 m Aw w. mm m mm A E m mm m om m mm A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dksummofi

. . . . . .. mwd $5 34“ wmwv 8% mAQ omq. . . . . . .. 2.5. 32w wad . . . . . .. gs g4 2A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8€8wAwo 30A

. . . . . .. 2% 32R 54$ .38 3% film £3  21K 3.5 Mzw  2A6 2.3 2% ..................:......a.aw 2.22m _..=$z=s8

. . mm. 3.2 3A.. wmAA $4.. g5 $6 . . . . . .. mwd 31m cad . . . . . .. 5.2 32m $4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZmoAAouExO 18.28824

. . . . . .. oA. 3i 2. m? mm. m? 3.  3. mm. ow.  3A Am. wA. 

. . . . . .. mm. m? B. 3.. £1 mm. ww.  mod wm. E. . . . . . .. aw. mmA “m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1585

.. . . m3. mm... S. ma. mu. mm. mv. . . . . . .. mww. 3. ow. . . . . . .. aw. Q. am. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8385

 wco. cam. moo. wmo. a3. H5. 9:. . . . . . .. $9 wwo. QB. . . . . . .. 3o. 3o. m3. ... . . . . . .  . . . . .   . . . . . ............nwwo._fiZ

u .-  mgr      ¢ - u . - -» £0.   - - u - ¢ -. Xo~ mo. g; - . - | - - n -~ n - - » - - - . - Q - » - . - - - < - ¢ - ~ - . -UP°< 
lfiaO Em
E3 $3 2mm $3 $3 $3 $5 “mam $8 $8 £2 $3. $3
mownsw oeaisw momnsm wowtaw momnsm 9.88am momnsm wowfnm momnsm mqfihfi momnsm vuwfinw mcmnsw Quafisw mofism wowtam
wnam 25A 83A 8meA 3.5m 88A 88H 83A >20 888A
8883.96 >95 28m 83A $8.9m 25A mqwmm Enanokm 08m 82A @1925» zwnwm 08m
81H zefism 25.528 zaaofi 2E
MHZDOO <Q~AOU<B<E weznoo
M40 H>AA

54
3579

4729
4730

4731
4732
4733

4734
4735

4736
4743

4744

990

991
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
2316
2317
2318
2319
2322
2323
2479
2480

3526
3558

3559

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

Galveston fine sand, depth not given; 4 miles south of lighthouse
on Matagorda Island.

MEDINA COUNTY.

Houston black clay, depth 0-15 inches; 8 miles northwest of
Hondo.

Houston black clay, depth 18-36 inches; 8 miles northwest of
Hondo.

Houston clay l.oam, depth 0-12 inches; 2 miles south of Lacoste.

Subsoil to 4731, depth 12-36 inches.

San A.ntonio silty clay loam, depth 0-10 inches; cultivated 2
years; 4 miles south of Hondo, on W. B. Odem’s farm.

Subsoil to 4733, depth 10-36 inches.

Blanco silt loam, depth 0-12 inches; cultivated several years to
cotton and corn; one mile west of Rio Medina.

Subsoil to 4735, depth 12 inches to 36 inches.

Webb fine sandy l.oam, depth O-12 inches; 4 miles northwest of
Yancey.

Subsoil to 4743, depth 12 inches to 36 inches.

NUE CES COUNTY.

Probably Nueces fine sand, 0-15 inches; Riveria.

Subsoil to 990, 15-36 inches.

Nueces fine sand, 0-15 inches; one mile west of Flowers Bluff.
Subsoil to 1200, 15-36 inches.

Victoria. clay, 0-10 inches.

Subsoil to 1202, 10-36 inches.

Victoria loam. 0-1.2 inches.

Subsoil to 1204, 12-36 inches.

Victoria fine sandy loam, 0-15 inches.

Subsoil to 1206, 15-36 inches.

Victoria loam, 0-18 inches; Kingsville.

Subsoil to 2316, 18-36 inches.

Lomalta clay, 0-12 inches; 16 miles southeast of Kingsville.
Subsoil to 2318, 12-36 inches.

Victoria fine sandy loam, 0-24 inches; 3 miles north of Riveria.
Subsoil to 2322, 24-36 inches.

Houston loam, 0-18 inches; 10 miles north of Alice.

.Subsoil to 2479, 18-36 inches.

REFUGIO COUNTY.

Victoria clay, depth 0-12 inches; one-half mile northeast of
Tiroli.

Subsoil to 3522, depth 12-36 inches. .

Victoria fine sandy loam, depth O-14 inches; one mile northwest
of Woodsboro.

Subsoil to 3558.

55

THE COMPOSITION 0F THE SOILS OF SOUTH TEXAS.

 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. o o o o o o o o o o 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9N» mam 0.3m mama Q2: hmfi 5m? odms. .. 93m 9mm» 0.3m ..........1........................mw$om@>s¢<

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. mm Q2 0m 92 mm 9S cm mdm  . Y2 93H wmwfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IZEHJ. oiommmonmwfimod‘.
Iss2.‘ 5m sam

omm and £5 S; . . . . . .. Em 32m mm. mma m“; wfim $54. 36 3m mom 2:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..P:smmoE

m0.» 2m 3m mmm . . . . . .. mos 3.». S; om.» $5 mmm Sm 8a. m1.“ Es $5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..=oEqmHuommoA

3% 3.3. zlw E .20 . . . . . . . 1.1% 2.1m... 8.3 $2: 32 M093 2;... 5.2. M93. 3.3 8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..§Em wzeom E5 Qwiofi

5.: 3.2 2:. mo...“ . . . . . .. 3.3 Mai m; s; 23. $2 8.2 8:2 32 5.3 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IE5 3 £50 ER nae?

3A ma. S... S. . . . . . .. mm; 3. NH. 3. 3. 3.. 3.. mm. S. mm. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ziméww§

24. Ed S. mm. . . . . . .. mom 3.. G. $5M $0.5 E22 3.6 E. mm. 3m SA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .585

om. om. mm. S. . . . . . .. 2.. om. m3. on”. 3.. mo; S; ma. m8. 3. m2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inwdsam

wmo. o2. m3. Mme. . . . . . .. 2m. mmo. m8. m3. 2o. 3o. mfi. $6. Sc. m3. So. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dQMQEZ

s... 3. S. S. . . . . . . . 5.. m3. m2. 3o. $6. m8. 8. m8. m8. 8. N8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :23» 82.08am
|..E@0 3m
3mm 28 $3 m2.» £3 $2 3.? “S. mmz. 3S... $2. .2? $2 8% 3% $2..
mofinm Qowtnm momnsm 835m momnsm vuéém momnsw 033m mofism wfitnm mofizm Sufism wmnzm 033m =oB=m 033m
>50 8.8a >30 83A 2.5m :83 2mm Saoq >30 Saoq >20 >30 xvfim
$133k» >u§m 2am mi8£> 2am an»? 855 . >25 nfimaofl nSucom,
@1035 c385 5m
wezpoo izpoo 0125mm wezpoo A2252

OHOSEEm 2%

aaawaoolmdom me zozumoméoo

TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

Q Q Q Q ..... . . Q I I Q Q Q Q ..... . . Q Q Q Q Q ............................ . QQQQEQ
 QQQQ ............. .. QQ: . . . . . . . . . . . . .. QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQ. QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ ..... .. QQQ .................................... QQQQQQQEQQQQ
 QQQ ............ .. Q: . . . . . . . . . . . . .. QQ QQQ QQQQ QQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQ QQQ QQ Q4 ............. zQQéQQkQQQmQQmQzQQQ.
IQQQQQQ 5 3.3mm
QQQ S: QQQ QQ. QQQ QQQ. QQQ QQQ QQQ QQ. QQQ Bu. QQQ QQQ QQ. QQ. QQQ QQ. ................  ....... ZQEQQBE
QQQ 2Q QQQ. QQ. QQQ Q2 QQQ Q2. QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQ. QQ. QQQ. QQQ .................... zgsiQnuaQQQq
QQ. QQ QQQQ Emww QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQ . QQ 2 . QQ z QQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ .......... 52w QEEQm Q5 Qzzoi
QQQ Sim QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ QQQ :.Q 3.3 QQQQ QQ. 5.0 QQQQ QQQ .......... IQQQQIQQEQO Ea Q£E2<
$¢. X@. Zfi- 3X. ¢%- .?&.. Awaw-  NQ- %%-  fix.   X@- $3. fvfi. @X. . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
QQ. QQ. a» QQ. QQQ QQ. QQQ. QQQ QQ. c. QQQ QQ. QQQ QQQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. ...............  ............. 3E5
QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQQ Q3 t. QQ. 2.. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. c. z. ............................ ..QQQQQQ
Eo. QQQ. QQQ. m3. QQQ. 2Q. QQQ Q2. QQQ. QQQ. QQ. 3. QQQ. QQQ. QQQ. QQQ. 5o. QQ. .......................... . QQQQEz
2Q QQ. Bo $0. S. .39 QQQ QQQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. QQ. S. 3. S. S. QQ. QQ. ...... .............. ..EQ< QEQQQQQQQ
[ammo 5mm
QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ 3mm QQQQ zQQ 3mm QQQQ wofi QQQQ QQQQ QQQQ Nofi Sfi oofi Em QQQ
momnnw wowtsw mofisw wufltsm momnsm v3.15 zomnsw Qvaism momnsw vvwfaw zownsw wuflisw mcQnsw voQwEw zomnsw wowisw momnaw voQtaw
Ewoq EQOQ >20 EnoQ EQoA EQOQH QQQAU wfldm 3E vamm 2am
5355mm 35mm 05mm 8263 A132 > Qwnwm 05h diouofw @139; . 88:2 $252
Qwsnfi Q18?» QQEQQPQQQ

NBZDOO mHOWDZ

56

éwsnmpnoTwQfiOw mo. zowiwomfioo

2313
2314

4691

4692
4693

4694
4695

4696
4697

4698

2368

2369
2370
2371

3537
3572

2870
2871
4212

4213

4940
4941

2191

2192

THE COMPOSITION or THE SOILS or SOUTH TEXAS. 5'?

SAN' PATRICIO COUNTY.

Victoria clay, 0-18 inches; 2 miles northeast of Taft.

Subsoil to 2313, 18-36 inches.

UVALDE COUNTY.

F rio silty clay loam, depth 0-10 inches; virgin; 4 miles south-
east of Uvalde.

Subsoil to 4691, depth 10-36 inches.

Duval loam, dept-h 0-10 inches; virgin; 15 miles southeast of
Uvalde.

Subsoil to 4693, depth 10-36 inches.

Uvalde silty clay loam, depth 0-10 inches; 12 miles south of
Uvalde.

Subsoil to 4695, depth 10-36 inches.

Frio fine sandy loam, depth 0-12 inches; 12 miles southeast of
Uvalde.

Subsoil to 4697, depth 1"’-36 inches.

VICTORIA COUNTY.

Probably Victoria fine sandy loam, surface soil; dark brown
sandy loam; Nursery, Texas.

First subsoil to 2368, red fine sandy loam.

Second subsoil to 2368, red and gray mottled clay.

Soil from central portion of large hill of cutting ants; gray
sandy loam, supposed to be a mixture of 2368, 2369 and 2370
bv ants.

Victoria clay, depth 0-12 inches; black clay loam; 3 miles north-
east of Victoria.

Subsoil to 3536, depth 12-36 inches; dark gray clay loam.

Victoria loam, depth 0-8 inches; dark brown heavy loam; 5 miles
northeast of Victoria.

Subsoil to 3572, depth 8-36 inches; dark gray heavy clay loam.

WEBB COUNTY.

Probably Laredo silt loam, 0-8 inches; W. A. Cone, Laredo.
Subsoil to 2870.

Probably Laredo silt loam; 6 miles south of Laredo on the Rio

Grands."

Subsoil to 4212.

Probably Laredo silt loam, O-12 inches.

Subsoil to 4940, 12-24 inches.

WHARTON COUNTY.

Surface soil; maybe Edna loam, depth 0-6 inches; farm of M. P.
Jensen, El Campo; fertile, level, Well drained black clay; gets
hard in dry seasons.

Subsoil to 2191, depth 6-24 inches.

i bi 1 

58 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

  

 

 

 

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3237
3238
3239
3240
3540

3541
3542

3543
3544

3545

5908

59.09

1277

1278
1279

THE Coivrrosrrron or THE SorLs or SOUTH Texas. 59

Miller silt loam, depth 0-15 inches; light reddish brovm silt
loam; 3 miles southeast of Wharton.

Subsoil to 3237, depth 15-36 inches; light brown silt loam with
some very fine sand.

Miller silty clay, depth 0-14 inches; reddish brown silt clay;
one mile north of Iago.

Subsoil to 3239, depth 14-32 inches; reddish brown silty clay
10am.

Trinity clay, depth 0-14 inches; black clay; 3 miles southeast
of Wharton.

Subsoil to 3540, depth 15-36 inches; dark drab clay.

Pledger silt loam, depth 0-10 inches; black silt loam; 21} miles
northeast of Don Tal.

Subsoil to 3542, depth 10-36 inches; yellowish brown silt clay.

Victoria clay, depth 0-10 inches; black heavv clay’ ; 7 miles south-
east of El Carnpo.

Subsoil to 3544, depth 11-36 inches; dark heavy clay.

WILSON COUNTY.

Probably Duval fine sandy loam, depth 0-8 inches; produces one-
half bale cotton, 25 bushels corn: three-fourths mile east of
Floresville on farm of Mrs. G. B. Wiseman; known locally
as “red sandy loam ;”,fairl_y good upland; between San An-
tonio and Corpus road and S. A. & A. P. R. R; very little
fertilizer used; crops: cotton, corn and melons; packs some
in Wet seasons and crops groxv slowly; stands drought well;
crumbles if worked after rains; dries into clods if not worked
often; does not wash; cultivated 6 or 7 yiears; crust forms if
not stirred; holds moisture well if not cultivated.

Subsoil to 5908, depth 8 to 20 inches; brown sandy soil.

ZAVAIA C OU NTFY.

Surface soil; depth 0-12 inches; virgin; reddish brown clay loam;
level; fair drainage; native vegetation, mesquite, chaparral,
prickly pear.

Subsoil to 1277, depth 12 to 24 inches.

Surface soil; black sandy land; onions grow well on it; "from near
Crystal City’.

6O TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS.

o o I || || | | | | | .l |l  o   .. . . . . ..  ..   . . . . ........>..E.€<
.32 Z; ~62 Ia .22 ~43. 5%....  i: QS» ~65 ooom  .  $2 :8 ~62 $2M “do 2am  122.8 “$53..
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2.588.688 v3.34
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m1   3S. 3w m3. Si» moo o2 3s Sod mmq. S.“ . .. 3N 3.... 2S Qfio 3w x1 ....8.EmmH8o mmoA
:28 8.2m 3% $8 $8 2.8 8.2 2.2 E2 21m oo.wo 8.: . . . . . .. 34w 8.3 EMS. “Koo ma...“ Soo $8 ............ew m3:
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S. NS.  S. mm. ow. oo. . . . . . .. woA EA $4 ANA  on. on. ma. S. mo. moA w». . . . . . . . . Ifimwnmafi
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Ti-IE COMPOSITION or THE Sorrs or SOUTH Texas. 61
INTERPRETXeVFKDT OF ANALYSES.

The standards used in this bulletin for the analyses with strong acids

7
are alaproximately as follows:

Lime:

.00-.05 per cent-low. _

.051-.10 per cent—Fair in sands, low in 10am and clays.

.101-.20 per cent-good in sands, fair in 10am, lOW in cla_vs.

.201-.30 per cent-good in sands, loam; fair in clays.

.30-.50 per cent——good in sands, 10am. and clays; lOW in very heavy
clays.

.50-up—good.

ZOO-np-high.

Phosphoric acid:

.00-.03 per cent—low.

.031-.10—-fair in sands, low in loams and clays with 10w lime; fair
in loams ‘and clays with fair lime; good in loams and clays with good
lime.

.101-.15—good in sands; fair in 10am and clays with low lime; good
in loam and clays with fair or goodlime.

.151—up—good.

Potash:

.00-.05 per cent——l0w.

.051-.-10 per cent—-—fair in sands; low in loams and clays.

.101-.150 per cent-good in sands; fair in loams; low in clays.

.151-.9»5 per cent—good in sands and loams; fair in clays.

.251-up—good.

A deficiency of lime may be ofiset to a certain extent by an abundance
of vegetable matter. The quantity of lime present must also be con-
sidered in making the interpretation of the quantity of potash present.

STANDARDS FOR INTERPRETATION OF ANALYSES WITH \VE.-\K SOLVENTS.

The following figures are used in interpretation of the estimation
of total nitrogen, active phosphoric, acid and active potash of the soil.
They are based upon results published in Bulletins 126, 145 and 151 of
this Experiment Station, and, in the case of phosphoric acid, on the re-
sults of additional pot experiments not yet published. The figures are
not the same as those given in the bulletins mentioned, but are based
upon“ the curve to \\r’l1l(fll the actual determinations approximate. It must
be recalled that these results do not represent actual field production,
but are average results based upon the plant food taken from the soil
in a large number of pot experiments. The results are expressed in
terms of bushels of corn in order to give concrete form to them. There
are exceptional soils which deviate quite widely from these results, and
pot experiments themselves are somewhat variable. These variations
will be studied later, and also the relation between the results of the
pot experiments. and actual field production.

62 TFEXAs AG-RIGULTURAI, EXPERIMENT STATIONS’.

NITROGEN.

' Percentage Corn equivalent
nitrogen (Bu. )
.000=02
.021=04 _ 13
.041=06 18
.061=08 ~ 23
.081=10 28
.101=12 "3
.121=14 0 as
.141=16 43
.161=18 48

POTASII.
Parts per . Corn equivalent
million (Bu.
0- 50 29
50-100 37

100-150 51

150-200 80

200-300 120

300-400 - 157

400-600 ' 182

600-800 207

PI-iosrr-ionrc ACID.

Parts per Corn equivalent
million (Bu)
0- 10

10- 20 12
20- 30 18
30- 40 2%
40- 60   30
60- 80   35
80-100 40

100-200 - 4L5

200-400 . 50

400- up a ('74)

We Wish it- distinctly; understood that these figures do not represent
the actual production otE the soil in the field, and are not intended to do
so. They merely aid in showing the relation between pot experiments,
and chemical analyses. There are considerable varieties in-individual
soils, and the interpretation may’ not be strictly correct, since so much
depends upon field conditions. The figures are merely intended to show
the relative deficiences of the soil in the various forms of plant food.
The actual field production undoubtedly’ is quite different in a. number of
cases; in many instances, considerably larger than the “corn possibility.”

THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOILs OE SOUTH TEXAS. 63
INTFERPRETATION OF SOIL ANALYSES.
Corn Possibility in Bushels
per Acre for
Phosphor- ___ ,
TYPE AND COUNTY ic Acid Potash Lime ~
Active Active Total
Phosphoric Potash Nitrogen
Acid
Atascosa County—
Norfolk Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low Good 18 37 13
Duval Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 8 157 28
Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 12 80 18
Duval Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 12 182 28
Bexar County—-
San Antonio Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 120 13

Norfolk Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 4O 207 13

Houston Black Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 207 a 33_

Houston Gravelly Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 24 182 28

Probably Norfolk Fine Sand Loam . . . . . . . Low , Good Good 12 120 13
Bee County- 4
Probably Goliad Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 182 30

Probably Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 45 182 18

Probably Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 12 182 3O

Probably Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 4O 120 30

Probably Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good High 40 120 30

Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 182 30

Beeville Fine Snady Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 157 18

Galveston Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 120 30
Brazoria County— v
Probably Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Low 12 120 48

Probably Edna Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 80 38

Probably Edna Fine Sandy Laom . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 . . . . . . . . . . 33

Probably Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 51 . . . . . . . . . . 43

Probably Lomalta Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair Good Fair 18 51 38
Calhoun County—-

Lomalta Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 120 28

Lomalta Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair 18 37 18

N ueces Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ow Fair Fair 12 51 18

Lomalta Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 . . . . . . . . . . 33
Cameron County—

Probably Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Fair Good 50 . . . . . . . . . . 48

Prabably Laredo Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Fair High 45 . . . . . . . . . . 48+

Nueces Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair 12 51 13

Probably Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 3O . . . . . . . . . . 13

Rio Grande Silty Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 30 . . . . . . . . . . 23
De Witt County-
Probably Goliad Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good . . . . . . . . . . 18 51 13

Goliad Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . Low Good Good 12 . . . . . . . . . . 13

Goliad Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . Low Good Good 18 120 28

Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good High 12 120 43

ufkin Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low Good 12 51 13

Lufkin Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair 18 ' 51 18

Houston Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 45 182 38

Trinity Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 40 120 48+
Probably Trinity Fine Sandy Loam. . .. . . . Good Good Good 5O 120
Dimrnit County—— -
 Probably Webb Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Probably Webb Fine Sandy L.oam . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 24 120 18

Maverick Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 5O 200+ 33

Maverick Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 50 200+ 33

Maverick Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 35 120 23

Duval Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 12 5O 8

Zapata Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 45 120 18
Duval County—

Duval Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Duval Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Probably Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Frio County-

Probably Duval Fine Sandy Loam. . . . . . . . Lou Good Fair 12 120 13

Duval Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 6 120 13

64 TEXAS AGRTCULTITRAI. EXPERIM EXT sTrlTlOiY s.
INTERPRETATION OF SOIL A3 ALT SES—cont1nued.
Corn Possibility in Bushels
per Acre for
" Phosphor-
TYPE AND COUNTY ic Acid Potash Lime
i Active Active Total
Phosphoric Potash Nitrogen
Acid

‘Goliad County— '

Goliad Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 30 120 38

Lufkin Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Low Low 6 80 13
Hidalgo County—

Probably Brennan Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . Good Good Good 35 . . . . . . . . . . 33

Probably Brennan Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 207 33

Probably Laredo Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 24 " 157 43
{Jackson County—

Probably Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good 12 . . 80 28
IKarnes County—

Probably Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair Good High 12 157 18

Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 182 43

Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Goliad Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 120 28

Duval Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 24 80 18
La Salle County—- .

i Frio Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 45 207- 28
Frio Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 74 207 48+
Houston Loam . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good ~ Good High 35 8O 33
Houston Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 50 20 23

Live Oalg County—-
Frio Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 45 182 18
Matagorda County— '
Probably Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Probably Edna Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 24 80 23

Probably Edna  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good High 18 120 23

Probably Edna Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 80 33

Edna Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ow Good Good 12 80 33

Edna Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Galveston Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Low Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medina County—-
Houston Black Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 45 207 28

Houston C_lay _Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 12 207+ 23

San Antomo Silty Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 24 207 33

Blanco Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 12 80 23

Webb Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- . . . Goo Good Good 12 120 13
Nueces County— _
Probably Nueces Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair Good -Fair 6 . . . . . . . . . . 13

Nueces Fine Sand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Fair Fair 12 37 13

Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 24 207 23

Victoria Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 45 157 28

Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair 45 157 . 18

Victoria Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good High 6 207 33

Lemarto Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Fair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Fair Good . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Houston Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 182 23
Refugio County— _
Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low High High A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 i;
Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Fair Good . 12 37 28
San Patricio County—
Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 43
Uvalde County—
Frio Silty Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 18 207 ' 33
Duval Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 6 120 18
Uvalde Silty Clay Loam. .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 18 120 38
Frio Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 45 50 28
Victoria County—
Probably Victoria Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . Low Good Fair 12 37 18
Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 12 51 . . . . . . . . . .
Victoria Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 18 51

THE COMPOSITION or THE SorLs OF SOUTH TEXAS. 65

INTERPRETATION OF SOIL ANALYSESe-continued.

Corn Possibility in Bushels
per Acre for
Phosphor- _
TYPE AND COUNTY ic Acid Potash Lime
Active Active Total
i Phosphoric Potash Nitrogen
§ Acid -
Webb County-
Probably Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 18 157 23
Probably Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good . Good » High 45 157 23
Probably Laredo Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 50 120 23
Wharton County—- ' ~
Probably Edna Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good ' Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Miller Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good High 5O 157 38

Trinity Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 35 . . . . . . . . . . 48 a

Pledger Silt Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good Good 50 157 53

Victoria Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Good Good 30 37 43
Wilson County—— -
Probably Duval Fine Sandy Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fair Low 12 157 13
Zavala County-
Red Clay Loam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good High 18 . . . . . . . . . . 28
Black Sandy Soil from Crystal City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Good Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Acvldityr-The acidity of the soil is given in the tables, expressed in
parts per million of lime. Where the acidity is O, the soil is not acid.
Where the figure + or —— is used, acidity is not determined, but the
soil usually contains an abundance of lime.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

Analytical and other services in connection with the preparation of
this bulletin, have been rendered by Messrs. S. E. Asbury, J. B. Rather,
T. L. Ogier, J. B. Kelly, J. B. Herron and iaerhaps other assistants. '

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.

This bulletin contains a description of the soil types, as found by the
Bureau of Soils, of South Texas. It also contains analyses of a number
of samples of these soil types, together with interpretation of the re-
sults.