TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 1'75. MAY, 1915. DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY Distribution and Digestibility of the Pentosans of Feeds. _ POSTOFFICE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS 1915 BLANK PAGE IN ORIGINAL A117-715- 10m TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN NO. 175 MAY, 1915 DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY Distribution and Digestibility of the Pentosans of Feeds. BY G. S. FRAPS, Chemist in Charge; State Chemist. POSTOFFICE: COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS “E” vow BOECKMANN-JONES 00., PRINTERS, AUSTIN, rams l 9 l 5 AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS W. B. BIzzELL, A. M., D. C. L., President TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS JoIIN I. GUION, President, Ballinger .... ............... .. . .I. HART, San Antonio ....................................... .. “Fl-F . H. ASTIN, Bryan ............. .. . S. WILLIAMS, Paris...... ' . E. BATTLE, Marlin ............... .. l. C. BREIIIAN, Bartlett........ . F. KUEENA, Fayetteville................. MILLER, JR., Amarillo ........... .. >2“§w DAVIDSON, Cuero ........................................... .. Term expires 1919 Term expires 1919 ...... ..Term expires 1919 ...... ..Term expires 1917 ...... ..Term expires 1917 ...... ..Term expires 1917 .....Term expires 1921 .....Term expires 1921 Term expires 1921 MAIN STATION COMMITTEE, BOARD OF DIRECTORS L. J. I-IART, Chairman J. S. WILLIAMS \V. A. MILLER, JR. GOVERNING BOARD, STATE SUBSTATIONS P. L. Downs, President, Temple ........ .._. .................. .. CHARLES HOGAN, Vicc President, Austin ............ .. \V. P. IIOBBY, Beaumont ....................................... .. J. E. BOOG-SCOTT, Coleman .................................... .. ................................................... ..Term expires 19 19' Term expires 1917 .....Term expires 1917' Term expires 1921 STATION STAFFT ADMINISTRATION B. YouNoisLoop, M. S., Director A. B. CONNER, B. S., Assistant Director CIIAS. A. FELKER, Chief Clerlc A. S. WARE, Secretary DIVISION OF VETERINARY SCIENCE M. FRANcIs, D. V. S., Veterinarian in harge _ H. SCHMIDT, D. V. M., Assistant Veter- inarian DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY G. S. FRAPS, Ph. D., Chemist in Charge.‘ State Chemist _ J. W. CIIEWNING, B. S., Assistant Chemist B. H. BIIJGELL, B. S., Assistant Chemist FRANK HopoEs, B. S., Assistant Chemist DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE H. NEss, M. S., HorticuIturist_ in Charge \V. S. IIQTQIIKISS, Horticulturist DIVISION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY J. C. BURNS, B. S.,_Animal Husbandman, Feeding Investigations._ J. M. JoNES, M. S., _Ani Breeding Investigations DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY \VILMoN NEwELL, M. S.,_ Entomologist in Charge; State Entomologist _ F. B. PADDOCK, B. S. E., Entomologist DIVISION OF AGRONOMY A. B. CONNER, B. S., Agronomist in Charge A. H. LEIoioII, B. S., Agronomist in Charge of Soil Improvement H. H. JOBSON, B. S., Assistant Agronomist , Assistant Agronomist nzal Husbandman DIVISION OF PLANT PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY F. H. BLoppETT, P_h. D., Plant Pathologisl and Physiologist in Charge *DIVISION OF FARM MANAGEMENT REx E. WILLARD, M. S., Farm Management Expert in Charge DIVISION OF POULTRY HUSBANDRY T. J. CONWAY, B. S., Poultryman in Charge .SUBSTATION NO. 7: DIVISION OF FEED CONTROL SERVICE JAMES SULLIVAN, Executive Secretary CHAS. A. FELKER, Chief Clerk J. H. ROGERS, Inspector . H. W000, Inspector . H. WoLTERs, Inspector D. PEARCE, Inspector M. SCI-IAEDEL, Inspector W. M. VVICKES, Inspector SUBSTATION NO. 1: Beeville, Bee County E. E. BINFORD, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 2: Troup, Smith County W. S. HOTCHKISS, Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 3: Angleton, Brazoria County N. E. WINTERS, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 4: Beaumont, Jetferson» County H. H. LAUDE, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 5: Temple, Bell County- A. K. SHORT, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 6: Denton, Denton County T. W. BUELL, B. S., Superintendent Spur, Dickens County" R. E. DICKSON, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 8: Lubbock, Lubbock. County V. L. CoRY, B. S., Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 9: Pecos, Reeves County- J. W. JAcKsoN, B. S., Acting Superintendent‘ SUBSTATION NO. 10: (Feeding and Breed- ing Substation) College Station, Brazos- County T. M. REDDELL, Superintendent SUBSTATION NO. 11: Nacogdoches, Nacog-i doches County G. T. McNEss, Superintendent D. T. KILLoUoH, B. S., Scientific Assistant CLERICAL ASSISTANTS STATION C. A. CASE, Stenographer MATTIE THOMAS, Stenographer F. B. McMAII0N,_Stenographc-r C. L. DURST, Mailing Clerk FEED CONTROL SERVICE DAISY LEE, Registration Clerk WILLIE JOHNSON, Tag Clerk *In Cooperation with the Unitezl States Department of Agric Ilture. TAs of INIay 1, 1915. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Digestion Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution and Digestibility of Pentosans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Methods of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distribution of Pentosans . . . . . . ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digestibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quantities Digested . . . . . . . . . . l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . Destruction of Pentosans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables of Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. BLANK PAGE IN ORIGINAL DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF THE PENTOSANS ' OF FEEDS BY G. S. FRAPS, PH. D., CHEMIST IN CHARGE; STATE CHEMIST. This is a technical bulletin, being a report of work conducted with the Adams fund ot the Federal government, the use of which is strictly limited to scientific investigation. I The furfural produced by the distillation of feeding stutls with hydro- chloric acid is generally ascribed to pentosans, which are bodies that yield pentose sugars upon hydrolysis. Other bodies than true pento- sans produce turfural when distilled With hydrochloric acid, and some of these are found in plants. Oxyrcelluloses yield from to 8 per cent furfural; the tyipical lignocellulose, jute, yields 9 to 10 per cent. (See Cross and Bevan Uellulose.) The oxycelluloses yield other bodies be- sides pentoses on hydrolysis and are more resistant to this process than are the true pentosans. We have, as yiet, no chemical method for distinguishing sharply between the true pentosans, which yield pentose sugars, and the pseudo-pentosans, which yield furtural or some laody‘ similar toit, and do not yield pentose sugars in equivalent amounts. The product of the distillation of plants with hyrdrochloric acid con- tains other substances besides furtural, as has been previously pointed out by the author. Insoluble fatty acids go over, which may be sepa- rated on a. filter paper. When the distillate is allowed to stand te11 hours, very often an amorphous black precipitate separatesgvhich would appear in the precipitate which is weighed, either as such or combined with the phloroglucinol used toiprecipitate the furtural. The distillate also contains substances "which precipitate with phloroglucinol but which are destroyed by a second distillation with the hydrochloric acid, while pure purfural is not so (lestroyed. (See Fraps, Am. Client. J, 25, p. 501 (1901). The term furaloid has been applied to these substances. Methyl-pentosans, when present, give rise to methyl furfural. DIGESTION EXPERIMENTS ON PENTOSANS. A number of digestion experiments have been carried on with pento- sans. Some digestion experiments with animals, and a discussion of previous work are given by Fraps, Bulletin 172, North Carolina Experi- ment Station, May, 1900. "Lindsay gives a summary) of the digestion experiments at theMassachusetts State Station in the animal report for 1902. Koenig and lieinhzirdt- (abstract), Plxperiment Station Rec- ord 13, 8'77, sho-w that pentosans are digested by man. McDowell (Penn. Report, 1906) gives some data, well as ltlcCullum and Brounon, Jour. Am. Chem. 5'00, 31, 1252 (1909), who also give a reference to bibliography] of previous work. (S TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Distribution 0f Pentosans. Only a. limited amount of American work has been done on this topic. Fraps, Bulletin 1'72, North Carolina Experiment Station, 1900, studied the distribution and (ligestilaility of pentosans in the nitrogen-free extract and the crude fiber of several feeds. Frear, Report Pennsylvania Experiment Station, 1903-1904, studies the distribution of pentosans of timothy hay, as well as other constituents of this feed. Headden, Bulletin 124, Colorado Experiment Station, 1907, discusses the com- position and digestibility of the constituents of a number of feeding stuffs, particularly with respect to their solubility in various solvents. The estimation of the pentosans dissolved was by difference. Some of the results with pentosans are given in Tables A and B. TABLE A.—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PENTOSANS (HEADDEN). Alfalfa Corn Sorghum Salt Hay. Fodder. Fodder. Bush. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.16 11.48 9.68 9.64 Soluble 80% alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .08 0.69 0.27 .00 oluhle cold water. ._ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 0.03 .00 0.58 Soluble hot water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0 76 0.37 0.77 *1.45 Soluble 1% hydrochloric acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.51 5.05 5.31 2.90 Soluble 1% caustic soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.63 2.71 1.26 2.13 Soluble in chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.67 0.84 0.21 0.51 Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.92 1.80 1.75 2.04 *And malt. TABLE B.———COEFFICIENTS OF DIGESTIBILITY OF PENTOSANS (HEADDEN). | Tim- _ Sor- Alfalfa othy Native Corn ghum Salt Hay. Hay. Hay. Fodder. Fodder. Bush. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65.2 50.1 50.6 60.2 45.5 37.4 Soluble 80% alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96.5 69.5 61.9 94.8 22.9 0.0 Soluble cold water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 71.1 } 6 8 100.0 0.0 0.0 Soluble hot water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 67.4 0.0 100.0 0.0 *89.0 Soluble 1% hydrochloric acid . . . . . . 100.0 32.8 4-1.0 73.2 45.7 0.0 Soluble 1% caustic soda . . . . . . . . . .. 27.8 11.5 42.2 31.8 25.4 46.4 Soluble chlorine, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 98.5 0.0 { 32.6 { 48 7 26.5 Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.6 50.1 74.9 *And malt. METHODS OF WORK. '.l‘he sam les used were the feeds and exereinents from the digestion o u -- 0 a c I experiments reported in Bulletin 14'?’ of the Texas Experiment Station. Details of the routine digestion work are given in that bulletin. IfGHIiOSCHIS were determined by the methods of the Association of Oflicial Agricultural Chemists. PQniOsans insoluble in N/JO acid and alkali were determined as fol- lows: To two grams substance, previously extracted with ether, 200 c.c. boiling water was added and 20 c.c. of N/ 5 sulphuric acid. After boil- ing thirty minutes, 40 c.c. of N/5 caustic soda was added and the boiling continued fifteen minutes longer. It was then filtered on as- DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PENTOSANS OF Fnnns. '7 bestos, washed, and pentosans estimated as usual in the residue. The solution is somewhat lessthan N/50 in strength. Insoluble in One and One-fourth. Per Cent Sulphuric Acid. The sub- stance after extraction with ether was boiled thirty minutes With 1-1- per cent sulphuric acid as in the method for crude fiber, the residue from the- acid being filtered 0n asbestos, and pentosans determined in it. In Crude Fiber. Crude fiber was prepared by the usual method, the filtrations made on asbestos, the residue transferred.“ to a flask and pen- tosans estimated. 1n Nitrogen-free Extract. The difference between the total pentosans and the pentosans in the crude fiber is taken to be the laentosans in the nitrogen-free extract. A small amount of pentosans is destroyed by the reagents used in all these treatments. See the discussion on a sub- sequent page. TABLE I.—PENTOSANS IN PER CENT OF THE FEED. l o _ In Nitrogen-Free Extract l m: = . . _ \f'5 '5 _ I Q2 e g 2%‘. a z: 5E is is 0-“ [n g ‘q U F‘ o 5 .5 E s u w .9: .5: a * " 1" ~ "s i»? s t mg :22 I- LI-g .02.‘ ,7. D Q *5 a g; a ° g a; 2 a 2 s 5 e I s l < s a s“ .2 r a 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13.53 7.63 7.80 4.16 9.37 5.90 00 3.64 3609_Bur clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.54 6.36 6.08 2.62 9.92 6.18 8 3.46 3220 Cowpea hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.28 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.73 7.55 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11.11 6.07 5.34 3.22 7.89 5 04 .73 2.12 3649 Vetch hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13.19‘ 7.96 8.51 4.15 9.04 5 23 .00 4.36- Averagc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.33} 7.01 6.92 3.58 8.75 5 59 .25 3.39 4252 Bermuda hay . . . . . . . . 22.71 18.37 13.10 4.27 18.44 4.34 5.27 8.83- 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . .. 20.99 16.06 10:40 4.15 16.84 4.93 5.66 6.25 4557 Corn shucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32.53 20.42 9.92 3.30 29.23 12.11 10.50 6.62 4552 Guam grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21.74 17.00 11.20 4.18 17.56 4.74 5.80 7.02 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . .. 20.89 15.18 11.20 4.00 16.89 5.71 3.98 7.30 4238 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . .. 21.33 16.51 10.72 4.38 16.95 4.82 5.79 6.34 454-6 Kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.68 14.63 9.39 3.35 16.33 5 05 5.24 6.04 4247 Millet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.18 11.03 10.11 4.57 15.61 9.15 .92 5.54 3595 Oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22.94 18.86 10.77 4.25 18.69 4.08 8.09 6.52 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.89 10.61 9.73 4.63 16.26 5.28 5.88 5.10 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.90 16.45 9.42 3.80 16.05 3.45 7.03 5.57 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.00 16.22 9.13 3.31 16.69‘; 3.78 6.59 6.32 3224 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.19 15.63 9.47 4.13 1566p 4 16 6.16 5.34 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21.04 16.31 10.35 4.03 17.941 5.51 5.92 6.37 Soluble in 37/50 Acid and Allnli. The (lifference between the total pentosans and the pentosans in the residue after the treatment with N/50 acid and alkali, is taken to be pentosans soluble in N/50 acid and alkali. Soluble in One and Cne-_"f0u-rt7z Per Cent Sulphuric Acid. The differ- ence between the pentosans in the residue from the N/ 5O acid and alkali and the pentosans in the residue from the 1+}; per cent sulphuric acid, is taken to be the pentosans soluble in 1% per cent sulphuric acid. It will be noted that this is the amount soluble after treatment with the weak 8 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. acid and alkali, and not the total amount dissolved by the 15; per cent sillphtiric acid. - Dissolved by One and One-fourth Per (lent (Yalusttc Soda. The dif- ference between the pentosans in the residue from the l} per cent sul- phuric acid, and the pentosans in the crude fiber is the pentosans dis- solved liiy the 111- per cent caustic soda. This is not the entire amount dissolved from the teed by such treatment, but the entire amount less the effect of the weak acid and alkali. DISTRIBUTION OF PENTOSANS. ’l‘able 1 shows the (listribution of the pentosans based 1113011 per cent in the feed, and ’l‘able 2 the distribution based upon percentage of the pentosans (total pentosans equal 100 per cent). The feeds are divided into two groups: legumes and non-legumes. ’l‘he legumes contain much lower percentages of pentosans than the non-legumes. The average quantity of pentosans in the legumes are about 60 per cent of the average quantity in the non-legumes. TABLE 2.—PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PENTOSANS. In Nitrogen-Free Extract _ - c: 0.7:’ o 2°- ; 5Q‘. $6 in . g 2E "‘ g “w: C‘ :-- s 3 o o ET’ -~ "' -~ <4 PU C g U ‘P’: 5 2 m .2 Q 5 B "SE s"; é‘ é’ S :5 E g é "’ 3 3 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30.8 43.6 0.0 26.9 3609 Bur clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 49.3 2.2 27 6 3220 Cowpca hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 29.0 45 4 6.6 19.1 3649 Vetch hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31.5 _ 39 6 0.0 33.1 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28.1 44 5 2.2 26 7 4252 Bermuda hay. .; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.8 19.1 23.2 38.9 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 23 5 27.0 29.8 4557 Corn shucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 37.2 32.3 20.3 4552 Guam grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.2 21 8 26.7 32.3 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.2 27 3 19.1 34.5 4238 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.5 22 6 27.1 29.7 4546 Kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 25 6 26.7 30.7 4247 Millet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22.6 45.3 4.6 27.5 3595 Oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.5 17.8 35.3 28.4 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 25.3 28 1 24.4 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.3 17.3 35 4 28.0 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.5 18.9 32 9 31.6 3224 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.9 21.0 31 1 2,7.0 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 24.8 26.9 29 5 The percentage of pentosans in the crticle fiber is a little lower in the legume, based on the total feed, but the pentosans in the crude fiber of the legume make up a much larger percentage of the total pentosans than those in the non-legumes. The average difference is 10 per cent of the total pentosans. The amount of pentosans dissolved from the feed by N/50 acid and alkali (Table 1) are nearly the same. The percentage of total pento- sans dissolved (Tab-le 2) averages 44.5 for the legumes, 24.8 for the - DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITY or Puxrosxns or FEEDS. 9 non-legumes. One non-legume (millet) has a solubility equal to the legumes. The pentosans of legumes are thus much more easilv soluble in Weak reagents than those of non-legumes The pentosans dissolved bv theH per cent sulphuric acid from the legumes are. much less than from the non-legumes. This is perhaps due t0 the more easily soluble nature 0t the pentosans in the non- legumes, leaving less t0 be dissolved b_v the acid. The percentage of pentosans dissolved from the feeds by l} per cent caustic soda With legumes is ‘about 50 per cent of that dissolved from the non-legumes (Table 1) but the per cent dissolved of the jierztosans (Table f2) is nearly the same. To sum up, We may say thatthe legumes contain. much less pentosans than the non-legumes, of Which a portion is much more easily soluble i11 Weak aeid and alkali, and at the same time a portion is less soluble in stronger acids, so that a greater proportion remains in the crude fiber. The Work thus brings out decided differences in the (listribution of pentosans in legumes and non-legumes. DlGFfiTIBIIiIflfY. The digestibility 0t the pentosans is Worked out in Table 13. Table 1 shoWs the pentoszms in the feeds and 'l.‘able 4 the composition ot the excrements. The residues ivere assumed to have the same composition as the feeds. The average co-eflicients of digestibility are given in Table 3.4 TABLE 3.—COEFFICIENTS OF DIGESTIBILITY. i T—w ——IT1 ;1:E‘ ' 9.4 *\° ‘ ‘Q . ° =4 Q" 3.2 i. w Z 5 zg ~s ~s 1.. L" q m C o C.‘ w 2 s; ~12 “J . . 2 w 2 ” 2171 .5’ r5 .5 r3 3°} 5 E 7' E 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.46 41.65 63.06 75.74 0 41.09 3609 Bur clover . . . . . . . . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 .22 62.70 79.78 87.65 96 .82 63.99 3220 Cowpea hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.94 51.90 56.42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.04 49 .49 72.80 88.38 68.04 37.26 3649 Vetch hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61.11 60.17 61.59 71.04 0 61.75 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62.95 53.18 66.73 80.70 41.22 51.02 4252 Bermuda hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.73 56.39 43.25 55.08 32.65 45 .39 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.85 61.65 54.66 65.38 _53.73 49.82 4557 Corn shueks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.05 59.90 72.32 80.87 69.78 62 . 29 4552 Guam Grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.86 64.67 47.60 60.23 39.91 45.45 3587 Johnson grass hav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.14 65.74 62.51 65.64 55.01 64.32 4238 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.97 64.34 63-. 88 76.02 58.80 59.09 4546 Kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.23 66.09 66.25 81.35 66.66 56.70 4247 Millet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.23 68.24 59.18 84.50 0 42.86 3595 Oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71.53 74.11 70.95 73.16 78.68 59.98 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.62 57.12 38.48 49.73 50.49 12.98 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.37 59.02 45.49 45.63 54.60 34.91 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.96 55.77 47.63 51.66 4-6.99 45.71 3224 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . .. 64.71 63.90 65.27 71.27 76.31 47.85 Average. . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58.10 62.92 56.73 66.19 52.59 48.26 The total pentosans 0t the legumes are, on an average, (ligesterl to a greater extent than those of the non-legumes. There are, however, a 10 TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. number of non-legumes, in which the total pentosans are digested as much as the pentosans of legumes, or more. Johnson grass hay, kafir fodder, oat hay and sorghum hay. The pentosans of the crude fiber of the non-legumes are digested to a greater extent than the pentosans of the crude fiber of the legumes. TABLE 4.—PENTOSANS IN PER CENT OF THE EXCREMENT. These include corn shucks, l .2 In Nitrogen-Free ‘ 5 - Extract. . .:: en e — o c. . 0 . 9g P‘ . Z a E ‘a 1 E6 is §“‘ >1 a m '2 =2 ‘it: fig L< _ v\° ‘:- 15 g; :0: g t i; e l ! a; #- ._I . 5 _. 7 '75 '7 3 :2 8 g; a: s2 2e g2 E2 s: - if .=. 2" s ti“ ab g2g2 Excremcnt Sheep g . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '1 “ “ “ . . . . . . . .. .7 . . . . . . . . . . .. ‘.2 7.‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3258 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 18.50 14.79 11.40 4.03 14.47 3.71 3.39 7.37 3259 “ “ “ 2 . . . . . . . .. 18.46 15.64 11.69 4.08 14.38 2.82 7.61 3260 “ “ " 3 . . . . . . . .. 18.22 15.31 11.08 4.05 14.17 2.91 4.23 7.03 3279 “ “ “ 2 . . . . . . . .. 15.63 11.70 11.63 6.63 9.00 3.93 .07 5.00 3280 “ “ “ '3 . . . . . . . .. 15.64 11.99 12.10 6.26 9.38 3.65 ..00 5.84 3281 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 15.79 11.95 12.80 6.52 9.27 3.84 .00 6.28 3589 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 15.24 12.30 8.45 2.83 12.41 2.94 3.85 5.62 2229 " " " 2 ------- -- a-a 2:2 as :22 as “ “ “ . . . . . . . .. .7 . ’. . . . . 5 5. as; " " " 1. ------- ~ as. 12§'32‘1?~%8 22.21% 2a “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. .L . - .<- '. 5. a ... .1 . 3623 “ “ “ 2 . . . . . . . .. 10.79 8.18 8.29 3.65 7.14 2.61 .00 4.64 3624 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 10.78 7.87 7.80 3.42 7.36 2.91 .07 4.38 3700 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 13.76 9.70 8.92 4.44 9.32 4.06 .78 4.48 3877 “ “ “ 2 . . . . . . . .. 17.76 14.48 9.33 2.72 15.04 3.28 5.15 6.61 3878 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 18.48 15.28 8.51 2.97 15.51 3.20 6.77 5.54 3352 “ “ “ 3 """"""" " 1343 l???‘ 1318 33% 1211i 3'25 3.3% “ “ “ . . . . . . . .. .7 . . . . . . .. . 3886 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 20.40 16.19 10.31 3.53 16.87 4.21 5.88 6.78 3887 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 19.33 16.21 10.53 3.64 15.69 3.12 5.68 6.89 233° " “ “ i """"""" " 13391923632 i351??? 3'33; 8'82 2?? 1 “ “ “ 2 . . . . . . . .. .61. . u" . 1.. .. . .1. 4242 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 19.22 16.57 10.61 4.12 15.10 2.65 5.96 6.49 25% " “ “ % """" " 3'23 133811142 3'3 1???? i3?» éé? H? “ “ “ . . . . . . . . .. . 1.. ./ .’. .._. . ._ .1 4251 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 18.92 16.16 11.58 3.65 15.27 2.76 4.58 7.93 4254 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 23.71 20.18 13.62 3.69 20.02 3.53 6.56 9.93 “ “ “ . . . . . . . .. 24.71 28.2? 21.00 “ “ “ . . . . . . . .. 24.3" 2. 4 ..'_.:' i. 20.7’ . 1 . . ..6.' 4261 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 12.45 10.65 9.69 5.36 7.09 1.80 .96 4.33 4262 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 11.15 9.43 8.63 4.89 6.26 1.72 .80 3.74 “ “ “ 111 . . . . . . . .. $1.25 19.36 18.88 4.78 6.47 1.89 $.20 “' “ “ . . . . . . . .. 21 65 7._.0 1. 0 3.87 17.78 4.45 . .' .03 4280 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 22 63 17.28 11.47 3.58 19.05 5.35 5.81 7.89 4281 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 23.03 17.91 12.72 3.71 19.32 5.12 5.19 9.01 4548 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 19.22 16.94 11.30 3.20 16.02 2.28 5.64 8.10 4549 “ “ “ 5 . . . . . . . .. 18.45 15.70 10.35 3.09 15.36 2.75 5.35 7.26 4550 “ “ “ 6 . . . . . . . .. 18.18 15.39 9.88 3.24 14.94 2.79 5.51 6.64 4554 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 21.26 18.63 10.95 3.00 18.26 2.63 7.68 7.95 4555 “ “ “ 3 . . . . . . . .. 22.64 18.02 11.26 3.17 19.47 4.62 6.76 8.09 4556 “ “ “ 5 . . . . . . . .. 22.34 17.92 10.73 2.99 19.35 4.42 7.19 7.74 4559 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 25.52 18.14 9.94 3.40 22 12 7.38 8.20 6.54 4560 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 24.84 19.47 10.22 3.64 21.20 5.37 9.25 6.58 4561 “ “ “ 5 . . . . . . . .. 21.86 16.96 9.20 3.18 18.68 4.90 7.76 6.02 4665 “ “ “ 1 . . . . . . . .. 18.33 15.02 8.66 2.74 15.59 3.31 6.36 5.92 4666 “ “ “ 4 . . . . . . . .. 19.24 15.65 9.55 2.71 16.53 3.59 6.10 6.84 4667 “ “ “ 5 . . . . . . . .. 17.59 14.59 8.25 2.45 15.14 3.00 6.34 5.80 In the legumes the pentosans soluble in much more (ligestible than in the non-legumes. l\l_/50 acid and alkali are There are several non- legumes, in Wlllffll these pentosans are highly digested. These include corn shucks, Johnson grass hay, kafir fodder, millet, oat hay, and sor- ghum hay. If these non-legumes alone were averaged, the average would perhaps be equal to the average for the legumes. It is a significant DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITS‘ Oh‘ PEXTOSANS OF FEEDS. fact tl1a.t the pentosans soluble i11 N/ 50 acid and alkali are 11inch more easily digested than the remainder of tl1e pentosans. It is also to be observed that the pentosans in the crude fiber are apparently digested to a greater extent than those soluble in 1-1- per cent sulphuric acid or in l} per cent caustic soda. As pointed out in a previous publication by the writer (North Carolina. Bulletin 172), possibly this may be due to lbroccsses Within the animal making portions of- tl1e crude fiber less resistant to tl1e action of acids and alkalies, and thus throwing these portions into the nitrogen-free extract group. “fhis xvould, of course. decrease the apparent digestibility of the nitrogen-free extract, and increase that apparent digestibility of the crude fiber. QUANTITIES DIGESTED. Table 5 shows the quantities of digestible pentosan of the various groups in percentage of the iteeding stuffs. '.l.‘he non-legumes contain more digestible pentosans in all the groups except those soluble in X/SO acid and alkali. ‘ TABLE 5.—PERCENTAGE OF DIGESTED PENTOSANS. ln Nitrogen-Free Extract. g .. l l . g 2a a?» ~' 1' Q c c: “l z: a s? 3 Name of Feeds. o m? -~_t_> -- >5 ‘1 . "9 . .2 5 i’ E 2,9 a :~ 1 s e s ~ y .2 a 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.14 1.73 5.91 4.47 0O 1 49 3609 Bur clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.56 1.64 7.91 5.41 27 2 21 3220 Cowpea hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.20 1.94 4.26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i . . . . . . . . 4259 Peanut Hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.34 1.59 5.74 4.45 .50! 79 3649 Vetch hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.06 2.50 5.57 3.72 .00 2 69 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.46 1.88 5.88 4.51 .19 1.80 4252 Bermuda hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.37 2.41 7.97 2.39 1.72 4.01 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.93 2.56 9.20 3 .22 3 .011 3.11 4557 Corn shucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23.11 1.98 21.14 9.79 7.33 4.12 4552 Guam grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.96 2.70 8.36 2.85 2.31 3.19 3587Johnsongrass hay............ 13.19 2.63 10.56 3.75 2.19 4.70 4238 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . 13.64 2.82 10.83 3.66 3.40 3.75 4546 Kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13.03 2.21 10.82 4.11 3.49 3.42 4247 Millet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.36 3.12 9.23 7.73 .00 2.37 3595 Oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.41 3.15 13.26 2.98 6.37 3.91 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.94 2.64 6.26 2.62 2.97 .66 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.63 2.27 7.30 1.57. 3 .84 1.94 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.79 1.85 7.95 1.95} 3.10 2.89 3224 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.81 2.64 10.22 2.961 4.70 2.56 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.78 2 62 10 23 3.81 3.42 3.13 12 “fnxixs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. DESTRUCTION OF PENTOSXNS. Uei-tain considerations, and p1‘€l11111]1€I1"_\* work, lead us to contemplate the imssiloilitv of the destruction of pentosans by the action of the acid o1‘ zllliflll. Experiments were accordingly made to test this point. Jijfect of ZV/50 Acid. Two grams substance were extracted with ether zuid boiled with 200 c.c. water and 20 c.c. N / 5 acid as previously described for thirty‘ minutes. It was filtered 0n asbestos. Pentosans were deter- mined in the residue. The filtrate was neutralized with caustic soda, made slightly acid with acetic acid, evaporated to about 100 c.c., 100 c.c. strong hydrochloric acid added, and the estimation of pentosans com- pleted as usual. Results are given in Table 6. With one exception, there is a loss of pentosans due to the digestion with the acid. The- averagfe loss is about 9 per cent of the total pentosans. TABLE 6.—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE AND FILTRATE FROM N/50 ACID, PER CENT. Residue Total Loss Lab. Residue. Filtrate. and in by No. - Filtrate. Feed. Treatment. 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.25 1.57 19.82 19 79 0.00 Z3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . .. 17.19 1.31 18.50 20 99 2.49 1277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.00 1.86 19.86 20 89 1.03 4559 Excrement, corn shucks. .. 20.90 1.51 22.41 25 52 3.11 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.44 1.21 18.65 20 O0 1.35 4665 Excrement, rice straw. . . . . 16.10 0.87 16.97 18 33 1.36- 3279 Excrement, alfalfa . . . . . . . . 13.63 0.39 14.02 15 63 1.61 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . 15.82 1.28 17.10 20 89 3.79‘ 3589 Excrement, Johnson grass. 13.94 0.76 14.70 15 24 0.54 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.62 0.95 18.57 19 90 1.33 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.68 2.41 10.08 11 11 1.03 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.05 1 28 . . . . . . . . . . 18 94 1.60 TABLE 7.—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE AND FILTRATE FROM N/50 ALKALI, PER CENT - Lab. A B Residue Total in Loss by No. Residue. Filtrate. and Feed. Treatment- ' Filtrate. 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.80 1.15 18.95 19.79 0.84 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . 17 .48 .96 18.44 20.99 2.55 4277 Para grass................ 1_8.12 .99 19.11 20.89 1.78 4559 Excrement, corn shucks. . . 20.73 1.61 22.34 25.52 3.18 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.29 .70 18.99 20.00 1.01 4665 Excrement, rice straw. . . . . 16.47 .64 17.11 18.33 1.22 3279 Excrcment, alfalfa . . . . . . .. 12.29 1.59 13.88 15 63 .1 .75- 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . 16.45 1 19 17.64 20 89 3.25 3589 Excrement, Johnson grass. 13.36 0 95 14.31 15 24 0.93 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17.94 62 18.56 a 19 9O 1.34 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.60 1 95 9.55 11 11 1.56 Average . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.87 - 1 12 . . . . . . . . .. 18.94 1.76 TABLE 8.—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE AND FILTRATE FROM .125 ACID, PER CENT- Residue _ Lab. Residue. Filtrate. and Total in Loss by No. ' Filtrate. Feed. Treatment. 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.83 1 82 18.65 19 79 1.14 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . .. 16.19 1 41 17.60 20 8 3.29 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. _ 16.41 1 15 17.56 19 90 2.34 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . 16.06 1 47 17 53 20 99 3.46 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.11 2 75 86 11 11 1.25 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.28| 1 91 18 99 20 89 1.90 Average . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14.81 1 75 . . . . . . . . .. 18.93 2.23 ~11 DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PENTOSANS OF FEEDS. 13 Egftect of N/50 Allrali. The material was digested, and pentosans estimated in filtrate and residue, as described above except that N/5 sodium hydroxide was used instead of hydrochloric acid. Results are presented in Table '7. A loss occurred i.11 all cases. The average loss is about 11 per cent of the total pentosans. Effect of 0.1.95 Per Cent icid. The material was digested as de- scribed above and pentosans estimated in filtrates and residues, except- ing that 20 c.c. l}; per cent sulphuric acid was used i11 place of 20 c.c. N/5 hydrochloric acid. Results are in Table 8. In comparison with the N,’ 50 acid or alkali, there is a somewhat greater loss. Eyfect 0f 0.1.95 slliuali. The method is described above, except 1?; per cent caustic soda was used. Results are i11 Table 9. Efiect of One and One-fou/rtlz. Per (Tent Acid. The method is as pre- viously described, except that 5200 c.c. 1% per cent sulphuric acid was used. Results are in Table 10. lVIuch more pentosans are dissolved by the 1i per cent sulphuric acid than by the N/50 acid, lmt the loss of pentosans is a little less. TABLE 9.—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE IQXND FILTRATE FROM .125 ALKALI, PER C NT Residue Lab. Residue. Filtrate. and Total Loss by No. | Filtrate. Pentosans. Treatment. l l 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.96 1.57 19.53 19.79] 1.26 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . 16.82 1.99 18.81 20.89 2.08 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.29 0.96 18.25 19.90 1.65 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . 16.24 1.50 17.74 20.99 3.25 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7.71 1.65 9.36 11.11 8.75 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.65 1.90 19.55 20.89 1.34 Average . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15.61 1.60 . . . . . . . . .. 18.93: 3.06 TABLE 10.—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE AND FILTRATE FROM 1 1-4 PER CENT ACID, PER CENT. . - _ _ Residue _ Lab. - Residue. Filtratc. and Original Loss. No. ‘ Filtrate. Total. 3277 Alfalfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.36 3 88 13.24 13 53 0.29 3279 Excreta, alfalfa. . .. . . . . . .. 12.06 1 93 13.99 15 63 _ 1.64 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . 9.42 8 88 18.30 2O 89 2.59 3589 Excreta, Johnson grass. . .. 7.59 7 39 14.98 15 21 0.26 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.58 8 63 18.21 19 90 1.69 4-259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.46 4 57 10.03 11 11 1.08 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.86 9 52 19.38 1‘) 79 0.41 3883 Buffalo grass hay . . . . . . . . . 9.13 7 86 16.97 20 99 4.02 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.61 9 21 19.82 20 89 1.07 4559 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.11 13 66 23.77 25 52 1.75 4663" Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.34 9 56 18.90 20 00 1.10 4665 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.49 9 O4 17.53 18 33 O 8O Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.25 7 84 . . . . . . . . . . 18.49 1 .39 Eyffect 0f One and One-fourth Per Cent Alkali. The method is as described, except that 200 c.c. of l} per cent caustic soda was used. 14 TFEXAs AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. Results are in Table 11. The alkali dissolves less pentosans than the acid but has a somewhat greater destructive action. Discussion. 0f Res/alts. The aver-age loss of pentosans b_v treatment with N/50 acid is 8.4 per cent of the total, and by N/ 50 alkali, 9.3 per cent. The loss by treat- ment with 0.125 per cent acid was 11.2 per cent, and with 0.125 per cent alkali, 16.2 per cent, somewhat more. The loss with l} per cent acid was 7.5 per cent, and with 1i per cent alkali, 18.5 per cent. The same samples were used in the averages compared, though the pairs were somewrhat diiterent from each other and for this reason all the averages inay not be compared (lirectly with one another. When all these facts are taken into consideration, the error of analysis included, we may conclude that the stronger reagents have little (if any) more destructive action upon the pentosans than the weaker ones, and that the alkali may have a little stronger destructive action than the acid. It is, of course, impossible to say whether the pentosan is destroyed after it is (lissolved, or if it is so changed by the reagent that it no longer 1Jroduces furfural, and the product remains insoluble. The term “pentosan” was used advisedly in the discussion above. The substance destroyed may very possibly not be a pentosan at all, but may be a pseudo-pentosan, or- even a substance which does not yield furfural on distillation, but some substance resembling it. TABLE ll.-—PENTOSANS IN RESIDUE AND FILTRATE FROM 1 l-4 PER CENT ALKALI, PER CENT. Residue _ _ Lab. Residue. Filtrate. and Original Loss by No. Filtrate. Total. Treatment. 3225 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.70 8.65 18.31 19 79 1.48 3883 Buffalo grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.79 6.80 1 L59 20 99 6.40 4277 Para grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.72 8.23 19.95 20 89 0.94 4559 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.86 10.21 23.07 25 52 2.45 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.66 7.9.) 18.61 2O 0O 1.39 4665 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.22 7.77 16.99 18 33 1.34 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.33 4.15 10.48 13 53 3.05 3279 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8.88 4.07 12.95 15 63 2.68 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . 8.65 8.43 17.08 20 89 3.81 3589 Excreta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.76 7.53 14.29 15 24 0.95 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10.05 7.29 17.34 19 9O 2.56 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4J77 3 .25 8.02 11 11 3.09 _Average . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9.95 7.03 . . . . . . . . .. 18 49 2.51 FURALOID. It has been shown by the ivriter (North Carolina Bulletin 1'78), that the distillate of feeds with hydrochloric acid contains, besides furfural, substances which are destroyed by a. subsequent distillation with hydro- chloric acid and which are also destroyed by digestion with 1+} per cent sulphuric acid. The term furaloid has been applied to the mother- - substance of this substance assumed to be found in feeds. DISTRIBUTION AND IDIGESTIBILITY OF PENTOSALNS OF FEEDS. 15 The following" method was used: Three grams substance was distilled with hydrochloric acid as for pentosans, and the distillate transferred to a 500 c.c. flask a.nd made up to volume, 250 c.c. was transferred t0 a precipitating jar, 100 c.c. hydrochloric acid added, and precipitated with phloroglucinol, etc, as usual. The remainder of the distillate was allowed to stand over night, transferred to a distillation flask, and distilled nearly to dryness. Then 50 c.c. acid was added, and distilled nearly to dryness. A second 50 c.c. acid was added and distilled. The distillate was precipitated with phloroglucinol and the determination completed as usual. The results are given in. Table 12. It xvill be noted that in several cases the total pentosans are materially below those previously given but this is due to the method of distillation used for the purposes of the experiment, and perhaps also to the method of calculation. The comparison is, of course, more accurate if made on two portions of the same distillate than if made on two portions of the same feed distilled separately. The loss on distillaiiion in percentage of total pentosan is remarkably uniform. The average loss is 11.7 per cent. The materials used are different. Loss of pentosans in boiling with 1-1; per cent acid was 7.5 per cent, and with 19,-; per cent alkali, 13.5 per cent, the averages not being draivn from the same feeds. The substances destroyed on re- distillation are approximately the same in quantity as the pentosans lost in boiling with acid or alkali. The quantity of the latter lost is not increased materially by increase in the strength of the acid or alkali. TABLE l2.—PENTOSANS—DIRECTLY AND DISTILLATE—DISTILLED, IN PER CENT OF FEED. Lab. _ Per Cent No. Original. Distilled. Loss. Lost. 3224 Sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.24 17.07 2.17 11.3 3258 Excrement, sorghum hay . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.87 15.21 1.66 9.8 3277 Alfalfa hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12.07 10.77 1.30 10.7 3279 Excrelnent, alfalfa. . . .' . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14.12 12.20 1.92 13.6 3587 Johnson grass hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16.20 14.28 1.92 11.8 3589 Excrement, Johnson grass . . . . . . . . . . . 15.13 13.24 1.89 12.5 3596 Oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20.15 17.69 2.46 12.2 3597 Excrement, oat hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.34 14.63 1.71 10.5 3609 Burr clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.77 8 .88 1.89 17.5 3623 Excrement, bur clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.12 8.59 1.53 15 .1 3625 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.64 16.39 2.25 12.1 3877 Excrement, rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.35 13.91 2.44 14.9 4252 Bermuda hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.33 19.78 2.55 11.4 4254 Excrement, Bermuda hay . . . . . . . . . . . 22.67 20.48 2.19 9.7 4259 Peanut hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.64 9.27 1.37 12.9 4261 Excrement, peanut hay. . . .. . . . . . . . .. 11.68 ' 10.44 1.24 10.6 4546 Kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.88 17.25 1.63 8.6 4548 Excrement, kafir fodder . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.00 17 .24 1.76 9.3 4552 Guam grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19.35 17.22 2.13 11.0 4554 Excrement, Guam grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.29 17 .00 2.29 11.8 4559 Corn shucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.69 25.61 3 .08 10. 7 4559 Excrement, corn shucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.63 20.13 2.50 11.0 4663 Rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18.54 16.35 2.19 11.8 4665 Excrement, rice straw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.84 14.85 1.99 11.8 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 11.7 Clonsideration of these facts leads to the conclusion that the “pen- tosans” which are destroyed on boiling with acid or alkali may be the same substances (furaloids) which give rise to the materials in the distillate, which are destroyed by a redistillation, and which have pre— 16 ’l‘nx.ts AGRICULTFRXI. EXPERIMENT STATION. vionsly been shown. to he dest"ro_\'ed by (ligestion With l} per cent sul- phuric acid. IPnrther- investigations are required for the purpose of studying‘ this point. . TABLE 13.—PENTOSANS FED, EATEN, AND DIGESTED, IN GRAMS AND PERCENTAGES. In Nitrogen-Free Extract. In Soluble Soluble Soluble Total. Crude Total. in N/5O in 15% in 1}% Fiber. acid and caustic sulphuric alkali. soda. acid. | Digestion Period No. 1 ‘With Cowpea Hay. l Sheep No. 1—— . Fed 4000 gms. N0. 3220-1 . . . . . . . . . 451.2 149.2 302.0 l Exereted 1729 gms. N0. 2 N0. 3222 206.4 72.6 133.8 l Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 244.3‘ 76.6 163.2 I Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . .. 54.25 51 34 66 69 i Sheep No. 2— Fed 4000 gms. N0. 3220-1 . . . . . . . . . 451.2 149.2 302.0 Excreted 1687 grns. No. 3 N0. 3223 200.2 70.9 129.4 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.0 78.3 172 6 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 55.63 52.48 57.15 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54.94 51.91 56.12 Digestion Period No. 2 With Sorghum Hay. . Sheep N0. 1—- Fed 4800 gms. No. 3224-5 . . . . . . . .. 949.9 189.5 751.3 199.7 295.4 256.3 Excreted 1860 gms. No. 3258 . . . . .. 344 .1 75.0 269.1 69.0 6.3.1 137.1 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 605.8 124.2 482.2 130.7 232.3 119.2 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 63.78 65.54 64.18 65 .46 78.64 46.51 Sheep N0. 2— Fed 4000 gms. No. 3224-5 . . . . . . . .. 791.6 165.2 626.4 166.4 246.4 213.6 Exereted 1560 grns. N0. 3259 . . . . . . 288.0 63.6 224.3 44.0 61.6 80.3 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l 503.6 101.6 402.1 122.4 184.8 94.9 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . 63.62 61.50 64.19 73.55 75.00 44.43 Sheep No. 3—-— . ' Fed 4000 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 291.6 165.2 626.4 166.4 246.4 213.6 Excreted 144-0 grns. N0. 3260 . . . . .. 262.4 58.3 204.0 41.9 60.9 101.2 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528.2 106.7 422.4 124.3 185.5 112.4 Percentage digested... . . . . . . . 66.73 64.67 67.43 74.79 75.28 52.62 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..; 64.71 63.90 65.27 71.27 76.31 g 47.85 Digestion Period No. 3 With A alfa Hay. = Sheep N0. 2-— . . - Fed 4400 gms. No. 3277-8 . . . . . . . . 594.9 183.2 411 6 259.4 0.0 160.0 Excreted 1667 gms, N0. 3279. . . . . 260.6 110.5 150 O 65.5 1.1 83.3 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 334.3 72.7 261.6 193.9 -1.1 76.7 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . 56.19 39.68 63.55 74.75 0.0 47.94 Sheep N0. 3— ~ Fed 4400 N0. 3277-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . ..j 595.3 183.4 411.9 259.6 0.0 160.1 Excreted 1511 gms. No. 3280 . . . . . 236.3 94.6 141 7 55.2 0.0 88.2 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.0 88.8 270.2 204.4 71.9 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . 60.31 48.41 65.60 78.74 0.0 44.91 DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PENTOSANS 011 FEEDS. 17 TABLE 13.——PENTOSANS FED, EATEN, AND DIGESTED, IN GRAMS AND PERCENTAGES——Continued. In Nitrogen-Free Extract. In _Soluhle Soluble Soluble Total. Crude Total. 1n_ N/50 1n 1}%_ in 1H7} Fiber. acid and sulphuric caustic alkali. acid. soda. Digestion Period No. 3 With Alfalfa Hay. Sheep No. 4- Fed 4400 gms. No. 3277-8. Residue 86 gms. N0. 3283. Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 580.6 178.8 401.7 253.1 0.0 156.2 Excreted 1732 gms. No. 3281 . . . . .. 273.5 112.9 160.5 66.5 0.0 108 7 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307.1 65.9 241.2 186.6 0.0 47,5 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 52.89 36.86 60.04 73.73 0.0 30.41 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.46 41.65 63.06 75.74 0.0 41.09 Digestive Period No. 4 With Johnson Grass Hay. Sheep No. 1—— Fed 3600 No. 3587-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752.0 Residue 110 gms. No. 3592 . . . . . . .. 8.8 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 743.2 142.7 600.5 202.9 141.9 256.4 Excreted 1720 gms. No. 3589 . . . . .. 262.1 48.7 213.4 50.6 66.2 96.6 Digested . . . . . ..' . . . . . . . . . . . .. 481.1 94.0 387.1 152.3 75.7 159.8 Percentage digested. . . .5 . . . . . . . 64.74 65.87 64.46 75 .06 53.35 62 .32 Sheep No. 3— Fed_3600 gms. No. 3687-8 . . . . . . . . . 752.0 Residue 471 gms. No. 3593 . . . . . . .. 115.3 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 636.7 122.2 514.4 173.8 121.6 219.6 Excreted 1476 gms. No. 3590 . . . . .. 240.3 41.2 199.1 66.3 54.0 78.6 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396.4 81.0 315.3 107.5 67. 6 141.0 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 62.26 66.20 61.29 . 61.85 55.59 64.21 Sheep N0. 4— Fed_3600 gms. No. 3587-8 . . . . . . . . . 752.0 Residue 158 gms. No. 3594 . . . . . . . . 21.2 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 730.8 140.3 590.5 199.5 139.6 252.1 Excreted 1637 gms. 3591 . . . . . . . . . . 274.7 48.9 225.7 79.7 61.3 84.6 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 456.1 91.4 364.8 119.8 78.3 167.5 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 62.41 65.15 61.78 60.05 56.09 66.44 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63.14 65.74 62.51 65.64 55.01 64.32 Digestion Period N0. 5 With Oat Hay. . Sheep No. 1— Fed_4000 gms. No. 3595-6 . . . . . . . . . 917.6 Residue 173 gms. N0. 3599 . . . . . . . . ' 34.8 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 882.8 163.3 719.5 157.1 311.6 250.7 Excreted 1281 gms. No. 3597 . . . . .. 229.4 39.7 189.7 45.0 65.3 79.4 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 653.4 123.6 529.8 112.1 246.3 171.3 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 74.01 75.69 73.63 71.36 79 .04 68.33 Sheep No. 4- Fed_4000 gms.-No. 3595-6 . . . . . . . .. 917.6 Residue 242 gms. No. 3600 . . . . . . . . 49.9 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867.7 160.5 707.2 154.5 306.3 246.4 Excreted 1433 gms. No. 3598 . . . . . . 268.5 44.1 224.4 38.7 66.4 119.2 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 599.2 116.4 482.8 115.8 239.9 127.2 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 69.05 72.52 68 .27 74.95 78.32 51 .62 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71.53 74.11 70.95 73.16 78.68 59.98 18 ,TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. TABLE 13.—PENTOSANS FED, EATEN, AND DIGESTED, IN GRAMSJAND PERCENTAGES——C0ntinued. In Nitrogen-Free Extract. In Soluble Soluble Soluble Total. Crude Total. in N/50 in 1&7, in 1 §% Fiber. acid and sulphuric caustic alkali. acid. soda. Digestive Period N0. 6 \Vith Burr Clover. Sheep N0. 2— Fed 4000 gms. No. 3609-10 . . . . . . .. 501.6 Residue 5 grns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 501.0 104.7 396.2 247.0 11.0 138.2 Excretcd 1096 gms. No. 3623. . . . .. 118.3 40.0 78.2 28.6 0.0 50.8 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 382.7 64.7 318.0 218.4 11.0 87.4 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 76.40 61 80 80.24 88.40 100.00 63.24 Sheep N0. 3— Fed 4000 gms. No. 3609-10 . . . . . . . . 501.6 Residue 15 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .9 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 499.7 104.4 395.2 246.4 11.0 137.9 Excreted 1110 gms. No. 362-1 . . . . .. 119.7 38.0 81.7 32.3 .7 48.6 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 380.0 66.4 313.5 214.1 10.3 89.3 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 76.04 63.60 79.32 86.89 93.63 64.75 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.22 62.70 79.78 87.65 96.82 63.99 Digestion Period No. 7 With Rice raw. Sheep No. 2— Fed 3600 gms. No. 3625-6 . . . . . . . .. 716.4 . . . . . . .. 577.8 . . . . . . .. 253.0 200.5 Residue 53 gms. No. 3880 . . . . . . . . . 11.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 705.4 136.1 569.2 122.0 249.7 197.5 Excreted 1914 gms. N0. 3877 . . . . .. 339.9 52.1 287.8 62.8 98.5 126.5 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 365.5 84.0 281.4 59.2 151.2 71.0 Percentage digested.’ . . . . . . . . . . 51.81 61 11 49.43 48 52 60.55 35.95 Sheep N0. 3—— _ Fed 3600 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 716.4 . . . . . . .. 571 8 . . . . . . .. 253.0 200.5 Residue 305 gms. No. 3881 . . . . . . . . 65.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 651.2 125.7 525.5 112.6 230.5 182.3 Excreted 1933 gms. No. 3878 . . . . . . 357.2 57.4 299.8 61.9 130.8 107.1 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294.0 68.3 225.7 50.7 99.7 75.2 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 45.15 54.34 42.95 45.03 43.25 41.25 Sheep No. 4-— Fee 3600 gms. No. 3625-6 . . . . . . . .. 716.4 . . . . . . .. 577.8 . . . . . . .. 253.0 200.5 Residue 170 gms. No. 3882 . . . . . . . . 36.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 680.3 131.3 549.0 117.7 240.8 190.4- Excreted 1912 gms. No. 3879 . . . . .. 352.8 51.2 301.5 66.7 96.3 138.0 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327.5 80.1 247.5 51.0 144.5 52.4 Percentage digested . . . . . . . '. . . . 48.14 61.01 44.08 43.33 60.01 27 52 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.37 59.02 45.49 45.63 54.60 34 1 Digestion Period No. 8 “iith Vetch Hay. Sheep No. 1— Fed 4000 gms. No. 3649-50 . . . . . . .. 527.6 166.2 361.6 208.9 0.0 174.4 Excreted 1491 gms. No. 3700 . . . . .. 205.2 66.2 138.9 60.5 . 11.6 66.7 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 322. 100.0 222.7 148.4 ——11 .6 107.7 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . .. 61 11 60.17 61.59 71.04 0.0 | 61.75 DISTRIBUTION AND DIGESTIBTLITY OF PENTOSANS OITFEEDS. 19 TABLE l3.—-PENTOSANS FED, EATEN, AND DIGESTED, IN GRAMS AND PERCENTAGES—C0ntinued. In Nitrogen-Free Extract. In Soluble Soluble Soluble Total. Crude Total. 1n_ N/50 1n 11% 111 1%% Fiber. acid and sulphuric caustic alkali. acid. soda. Digestion Period No. 9 With Buffalo Grass Hay. Sheep No. — Fed 4000 gms. No. 3883-4 . . . . . . . . . 839.6 166.2 673.6 197.3 226.4 250.0 Excreted 1701 gms. No. 3885 . . . . .. 335.1 55.5 279.6 66.2 95.6 117.8 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 504.5 110.7 394.0 131.1 130.8 132.2 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 60.09 66.61 58.48 66.41 57 73 52.88 Sheep No. 3— _ Fed 4000 gn1s. No. 3883-4 . . . . . . . . . 839.6 . . . . . . . . 613.6 . . . . . . . . 226.4 250.0 Residue 5 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 838.6 166.0 672.5 197.1 226.4 249.9 Excreted 1881 gms. No. 3886 . . . . .. 383.7 66.4 317.3 79.2 110.6 127.5 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 454.9 99.6 355.2 117.9 115.8 122.4 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 54.24 60.00 52.82 59.82 51 15 48.99 Sheep No. 4- Fed 4000 gms. No. 3883-4 . . . . . . . . . 839.6 . . . . . . . . 673.6 . . . . . . . . 226.4 250.0 Residue 32. gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 832.9 164.9 667.9 195.7 224.8 248.2 Excreted 1887 gms. N0. 3887 . . . . . . 364.8 68.7 296.0 58.9 107.2 130.1 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 468.1 96.2 _ 371.9 136.8 117.6 118.1 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 56.21 58.34 55.68 69.90 52.31 47 58 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.85 61.65 54.66 65.38 53.73 49 82 Digestion Period No. 10 With i Johnson Grass Hay. Sheep No. 1- Fed 4000 gms. No. 4238-9 . . . . . . . . . 853 .2 Residue 1O gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 851.1 174 .5 676.6 192.3 230.6 252 7 Excreted 1512 gms. N0. 4240 . . . . .. 297.3 58.5 238.7 48.5 91.6 98,6 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 553.8 116.0 437.9 143.8 139.0 154.1 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 65 .07 66 .48 64.72 74.78 60.28 60,98 Sheep N0. 3—— Fed 4000 gms. N0. 4238-9 . . . . . . . . . - 853.2 Residue 5 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Eaten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 852.1 174.7 ‘677.4 192.6 230.9 253.0 Excreted 1577 gms. N0. 4241 . . . . .. 309.4 61.0 248.3 46.7 95.9 105.8 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542.7 113.7 429.1 145.9 135.0 147.2 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 63 .69 65 .06 63 .34 75 75 58.47 58,18 Sheep No. 4— Fed 4000 gms. No. 4238-9 . . . . . . . . . 853.2 Residue 5 gms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Eaten‘ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 852.1 174.7 677.4 192.6 230.9 253.0 Excreted 1634 gms. N0. 4242 . . . . .. 314.1 67.3 246.7 43.3 97.8 106.0 Digested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 538.0 107.4 430.7 149.3 133.1 147.0 Percentage digested . . . . . . . . . . . 63.14 61.48 63.58 77.52 57.64 58.10 Average . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.97 64.34 63.88 76.02 58.80 59.09 i 20 T115148 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. TABLE I3.—PENTOSANS FEiD, EATEN, AND DIGESTED, IN GRAMS AND PERCENTAGES—Continued. e In Nitrogen-Free Extract. I S l bl ' Total. Criilde Total. in0l\lI1/50 153114517; isflilgg; Fiber. acid and sulphuric caustic alkali. acid. soda, Digestion Period No. 11 With Millet. F 6 4 00 Sheci11N°4'2