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GARDENS
LIBRARY

 

 

 

i: THE GIFT 017'
Mary Newbold. Hale
(Mrs. Ric-hart? Wei-5m. Haw,"

 

., ,wJ

 

The Gift of Beatrix I-Ivrzxu/J
To the General Lilmu “y
University of CaliforniJ, Bur/«icy

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE

Gardeners and FloriPc‘s

DICTIONARY.

OR

Complete Syflem

OF

HORTICULTURE, m.

3.235%? W: Wfififi’finfi fifl‘

omemowwwmm '

We w/oofi' Nome: are under-written do apfrove
and recommend $er Book, zm‘ztled, The Galdeners
and Florifis DICTIONAM, Se. ax big/ml} ‘Ufeful
and Neeeflmjy for all lover: of Gen demng

THO. FAIRCHILD atHoxtonn
ROB. FURBER at Keoflizgton.
ROB. SMITH at Vazoxlmll.
SAM. DRIVER at Lambez‘lo.
MOSES JAMES at Standgate.
OBADIAH Low at Batterfed.
CHRIST. GRAY at Fol/mm.
BEN]. WHITMILat Hoxtofl.
FRAN. HUNT atPumey. :
\VILL. GRAY 31W. at Fol/mm.

GARDENER&

A N D
NURSSERY-MEN.

 

T H E
Gardeners and Florifts

DICTIONARY: ‘

ORA

Complete Syflem

HORTICULTURE=

CONTAINING:

I. The Culture ofa KITCHEN GAR-l VI. Direétions for laying out PAR-

DEN, giving Direé’cions for the Choice
of Seeds, Sowing, Planting, and Or-
dering all Sorts of Efculent Herbs,
Plants, Roots, éw.

II. Of 3 FRUIT GARDEN, or OR-
CHA RD, as to Planting, Grafting,
Inoculating, Pruning, (31¢. all Sorts
of Fruit-Trees.

III. Of a FLOWER GARDEN: 35
to the Railing and Nurture of all
Kinds of Flowers, either Natives, or
naturaliz’d in England.

IV. Of all Kinds of P L A N 'r s, Shrubs,
Flowery-Shrubs, Under-Shrubs, and
Ever-Greens, Native or Exotick,
now in Ufe for adorning Gardens,
Walks, Wildernefiés, éc.

V. Of all Sorts of Englifh T REE s pro-
per for Avenues. Shady Walks, Groves,

(7’6.

 

TERRES_COMP ART IMENTs,Q’aac.

VII. An Accountof 801 L s, D UNG 5,
COM POST s, éw. proper for each
particular Plant.

VIII. An Account of the Nature and
Uféof I/Veather Inflrumcnt: 5 as, Baro-
meters, Hygrometerx, and Thermome-
ters, proper for Gardeners,- and alfo
Prognofticks of the Weather, accord—
ing to the accuratef’c Obfervations of
the moft accomplifh’d Afironomers,
and natural Philofophers.

IX. The origin, Caufes and Nature of
M E 1' E o R s, as' Rain, Hail, Frofl,
Snow, Winds, (9:. of the Elements,
as Water. Earth, Air, Fire; their par~
ticular Ufes in the Bufinefs of Vege-
tation. -

X. An Explanation of the Terms of
Art uléd in Gardening and Botany.

To which is added, A Catalogue of curious TREES, PLANTS and FRUITS, from

which any Gentleman may colleét
ornamental to his Gardens.

at pleafuro what may be ufeful or

 

V o L. II.

 

By 'P HIL 1P MIL L E R, Gardener of the Botanick
‘ Garden at Clad/2m.

 

L O N D O N:
Printed by H. P. for CHARLES Rivrxcrox, ._atthe Bile

and Crown, in St. Panl’s Church-Yard.

or r~
£11)!“

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THE

Gam’met’s and Florzfl’s

DICTIONARY:

 

MA

'1. MACHES; fee MASKETS.

2. MADDER.

R. Moriz'mer fays ,
there is but one Sort
of Mnda’er that is
manured and fit for
Ufe, although there
are feveral Thingslike it, which
are accounted a wild Sort of it,
as ; LadiebBed-Sfla‘w, C'rofr
wart, Goofiz-gmfi and Wood—
7001

bgtrz'ptz'on]. The right Sort
hath long Stalks and trailing

ranches, being rough and full
of Joints, each Joint being fet
With rough green Leaves in the

V 0L. II.

 

\‘i
\‘-o

(R
/

 

MA.

Form of a Star. At the Top of
the Branches grow Flowers of a
faint yellow Colour, which are
fucceeded by a round green Seed.
The Roots creep on the Ground
entangling themfelves one with
another, being of a reddiih Co—
lour, While the Plant is green
and frefh: They are final} and
tender, and run on the Earth
litre Ivy along 2; Houfe or Tree.

The 147(1)! of tropagation].
Although this Plant bears Seed,
yet it comes to no Perfeétion;
and the way of propagating it is
by San, Which may be had of
the Gardeners about Londm.
Thefe are to be procur’d in Ilium/1
and April, as foon as they are
grown two 0]; three Inches high;

rm

M A \
they mull be well rooted, and
every Set on ht to have fome
Sucker: or pines of Roots
growing out of them. They
are to be flipp’d off from the
main Root, and put into a Basket
\with a little Mould affoon as
they are taken up, and be fet
again affoon as poflible.

Soil]. They mui‘t be planted
in a very rich, deep, warm Mould,
that has been digged at leaft two
Spits deep ; and after it has been
raked very fine, the Sets are to
be planted about at Foot afunder
every way .

Culture]. If the Spring proves
dry, they ihould be kept con-
ftantly watered till they begin to
fprout, and alfo weeded and
houghed, till they have attained
Strengh enough to get the Ma-
flery over the Weeds. That the
Ground in the Vacancies may
not be unemploy’d, early fal-
lad Herbs, as Onions, Radiihes,
or the like, that will ripen be-
times, may be fown between.
If any of the Set: happen to
die, you muff plant others in
their Places.

deder does not come to
Perfection ufually under three
Years Time. But the firfi Year
fome few Setr may pofiibly be
taken off here and there, but
that will endanger the Plants;
but the fecond Year you may
take of as many as you pleafe,
to you do but leave the main
Root.

In the taking up of every Root
there will be one Runner, with
finall Buds on it ; thefe may be
divided, and cut into Finger’s
Lengths, f0 that every Se: be

 

M A‘

planted with one Bud out of the
Ground; and ['0 one Runner will
make many Sm ; but thefc Sets
mutt not be taken up, till the
Madder be taken away.

0f the Ordering of it]. The
Madder being preferved till it
comes to a good Crop ; it is to
be dry’d, after the manner of
Hops, to a jufl Proportion of
Drynefs, and the Husks on the
Ont-iide mull be pared oil“;
(which requires fome Art in the
Performance) this which is pared
ofl‘ is called Mull-Madder, and
will be worth but about ten Shil-
lings an Hundred; the fecond
Sort, which is the middle
Rind, is much better than the
firlt, but not f0 good by a fixth
Part as the third Sort, and is
call’d Number 0, which is
fometimes worth fix Pounds ten
Shillings, inclining to ayellovv
Colour; the third Sort is the
Heart and Pith of it, and is
call’d Crop-Madder, and is worth
fometimes eight or ten Pounds a
Hundred. , .

Some have afiirmed that there
have been two or three hundred
Pounds made of an Acre of
Land planted with Madder in
three Years Time. It is ufed
by the Dyers for making the molt
folid and rich Red.

3. MALABAR-NUT;
ADHATOD&

fee

4.. MALLEOLUS.

M/ILLEOLUS is a
' Sprout growing out of a
Branch, which grew out it felf'
but the Year before.

5'. M A L-

’W

. . “W...

M A,
'5. MALLOWS.

GARDEN Mallows are a

very fair Flower, various in
Form and Colour; this Plant is
for the molt part rais’d of Seed
fown in the beginning of April,
but it does not bear Flowers till
the fecond Year, in dagufl and
September. The Flowers are
fucceeded by a Seed, which is
contain’d in round flat Heads ;
and as they flower late, the Seeds
are to be taken from the firli
Flowers.

6. MALT-DUST.

M R. Mortimer tells us, that
Malt-Daft is an inricher of
barren Land.

Mr. Switzer lays, that altho’
the Improvement of Malt-Da/I
has been hitherto known (‘0
little, yet there is a natural Heat
and Sweetnefs in it, that gives
the Earth whereon it is laid a
proper Fermentation, as is learn’d
by Experience in malting Coun-
tries; from whence we may
fuppofe that every thing which
gives Life and Vigour to Land,
is not of one Kind or one Prin—
ciple; whether it be of a faline
Quality as Salt, of a {harp and
four Taile as Vinegar, of a hot
and biting Quality as Pepper, or
fweet as Sugar. For let them
be of any Quality whatfoever,
they all help forward in pro-
moting Vegetation, by the fpiri—
tuous Parts fubtilely infinuating
themfelves into the Surface of
the Earth, and then by the Co—
operation of Water diifolving

 

M A‘
thofe Clods that contain the
Chryilalline Parts, necefiary, and
often underflood to relide there
for the Bufinel‘s of Vegetation.

There is not a greater Swee-
tener than Malt—Daft is, whether
they be natural Clays or Grounds
which have contracted a Sour-
nefs and Aufierity, whether for
want of being till’d and eXpos’d
to the Air, or by Water (landing
long on them.

Mr. Cook lays, Malt-Du]? is a
molt excellent Compofi in a
fmall Quantity for many Sorts
of annual Seeds, as he has often
try’d with good Succel‘s. That
this being a fmall Part of the
Roots of the Barley, and being
very Dry drinks in the Element
of Water, which is the princi-
pal and firl’t Matter of all Things;
and from the Fume of an oily
water is the Life of all Plants.
The Parts of the Malt-Duff be-
ing thus filled upon the Sun’s
attracting that and the Plant,
the Root embraces this Fume.
This little Root not having Life
to grow turns to Earth ; and its
Grave is a Room to lead the
Root of another Plant in.

7._MAPLE.

77:: Kindr]. M R. Mortimer
lays, tho’ Mr.

Evelyn reckons Lp fevcral Sorts of
Maple, yet he finds no great Dif-
ference in them we have in
Lag/and. Mr Cook fays, tho’
Authors tell us of more, yet he
knows but one Sort. Thofe
that are kept fhred up to run to
Standards, have a fine clear Grain,
and thofe that are pollarded grow
B a the

M A
the mar: knotty and full of Burs,
it being a Tree that is very apt
to put out fide Branches.

It is a Tree that ought not to
grow Tall Where there is any
Wood or Trees under it, becaufe
the Leaves have a clammy Dew
flicking to them; which being
Wafli’d off by the Rain, glews
Up the Buds of whatfoever Trees
or Buihes grow under it, and ['0
kills them ; and for that Reafou
they are not fit to be planted in
Hedges or among other Wood.

”fay of Propagation]. They
are multiplied either by Seed: or
Layers, or from the Root: of
old Trees like the Elm, or by
Sucker: which occafions their be-
ing to plentiful.
thofe of the Afh-Tree Will lie
till the next Year after they are
fown, before they will come up,
and are to be ordered after the
fame Manner. '

They do not run down with
tap Roots, f0 much as many 0-
ther Trees do, and therefore may
the more eaiily be remov’d, and
may be tranfplanted almofi of
any Size : The Time for remo-
ving them is in 06201997” or Fe-
bruary.

Soil.) They Will grow in al-
moft any Soil, but like 21 found
dry Mould bef’t, and rather on
Hills than Bortoms.

8. MARACOCK; fi'c PASSION-
1F L o w E n.

9. M A a c n.

[Var/E 2‘0 be time in #30 KAY/3:31-
Garden, Orc/mrd, 8:0]
T H I S Month, titys Mr. Brad-

Icy, being generally attend-

The Seeds like

 

_ M A‘

ed with whiteFroits in the Nights,
hafiy Storms of Hail and Rain,
and the Winds from the Ed]!
and North-Eafi, which are very
hurtful to fruitful Trees, then
blofl‘oming; and the S‘hoWers
which fall wounding and brui-
fing the’tender Plants that [land
abroad, a Gardener ought to
be very watchful to fhelter and
defend his Trees and Plants from
the Injuries of the Weather.

The Sun alfo’having great
Power over Plants, and the
piercing Winds concurring With
the hot Gleams, fcorch and fhri- ‘
vel the tender Shoots of thofe
Plants that are now beginning to
fprout ; they ought to be defend-
ed from their Violence.

And altho’ we have now ma-
ny brisk Showers, they do not
reach very deep in the Ground ;.
and therefore all young planted
Herbs or Trees ought to be wa-
tered, and that in the Morning,
that the Frofis coming upon the
Plants too foon after watering
may not chill the Roots.

If any thing that ought to '
have been done in the former
Months has been neglected till
now, it is not to be delay’d any
longer. . _

If this Month prove cold, it
will be feafonable to check the
pregnant Buds, till a more fafe
Seafon; and if it prove dry,
the Country People account it
to prefage a happy born Year.

You may yet prune or plant
Trees of all Sorts, except VVin-
ter Greens, tho’ it is of" ‘the
latcft. And Mr. Laurence fitys,
it is high Time to finith the pru—
Hing of Pear/act, Neflcrim: and

flpriw

v'.

MA

Apricockr, that the fwelling Blof-
foms be not rubb’d off in the
Performance, if delay’d longer;
This is the chief Month for
grafting, beginning with Pears,
and ending with Apple:, only
if the Spring proves forward be
the earlier. Prune the Grafls of
the lalt Year, and cut off the

Heads of the budded Stocks.
Cover the Roots of all thofe
Trees that you laid bare the pre-
ceeding Winter; and remove
thofe young Trees that you omit-
ted before, if the Bud be not
too forward. ‘

‘ Plant Nec‘i'arirzer and Peacoer,
but do not cut of the tap Root
of them, as yOu do to other
Trees, becaufe it will do them
Injury.

Sow Pea: and Beam; alfo

fOW Cabbage, Imperial and Silefia .

Lettuce and Radijlyer among your
other CrOps you put into the
Ground, for they will be ripe
and gathered before the others
want their Place.

Plant out fome Colli o-wer
Plants, to come after thofe
planted in Aatama.

Sow Scorzoaera and Salfiy‘;
and flip Skirretr of the preceed-
ing Year, and leave ”only the
tender Fibres, but none of the
greater Roots about the Plants.

Plant, Balm, Mint, Penny-
Ro 'al, Rue, Sage, Savory,
7' yme, and molt Sorts of Gar-
den Herbs, fweet Herbs and
Summer Flowers, and all Gar-
den Herbs and Flowers that have
fibrous Roots.

About the middle of this
Month drefs your Ajjzaragm Beds,
for the Buds will begin to ap—

M A
pear above Ground early in A-
pril; [‘0 that if this Work be
done at the End of March, you
will break ofi” many of the Buds.

Make new Plantations of Af-
pamgm in the natural Ground.

SOW Cabéager and Savoy; for
a Winter CrOp, and fome Col-
liflowerr on a declining hot Bed,
and alfo Sellery for early blanch-
ng. -
Sow Salladr in a warm Place,
alfo Spinach, Rape or Sorrel.

Drefs your Articboker, leaving
only three or four Suckers on
each {trong Root, and flip of
the refi for tranfplanting, {9%.

Make hot Beds for 62mm:—
om, [We/om, &c. and refreih your
Cacaméer and Melon Beds With
hot Dung, and alfo fow for a
full Crop. ‘ _
About the middle of the
Month drefs and firing Straw-
berries.

Sow Clrarcloraer to be tranf—
planted the next Month. Tranf—
plant Lettuce for Cabbagiug, and
to (land for Seed. ’

SOW fllefaaderr, Bafil, Beerr,
Borage, Bag/of}, Baraer, Caboage,
Carrotr, ClJerw'I, Crefler, Dill,
Eadie/e, Feaael, Garlick, Lech,
Lettuce, Maggolclr, Marjoram,
Oalom, Oraclj, Parfaipr, Par/lay,
Peafi', Par/Zaire, Recall/l1, Sellery,
Sorrel, Smell/age, Spiaage, Skir-
retr, Saccory, Tarflipr and Sara-
ploire, which will grow well of
Freac/a Seed, and tranfplant it in
May.

Plant Cbioer, divide the Roots
of Tarragoa, and tranfplant the
Slips about eight Inches difiant.

Towards the End of this

.—

 

Month fow French and flfrlcan
B 3 Ma:

M A'
Marygoldr, Naflnrtiam and Par-
flair: on hot Beds.

Dung and fmoak Orchards ;
plant Hops. Now is a feafona—
ble Time to drefs them. Now
is the Time that the Bees fit, keep
them clofe Night and Morning ;
and if the Weather prove ill, you
may remove them.

Prodnc‘i': of the Kitchen—Garden.
Winter

Sprouts,
war-tr.

fljparagn: upon the hot Beds
made in Feérnary; Cucumber:
upon the Plants rais’d in 314m;-
iary; Kidney-Beam, and fome
Peat on .110: Beds.

Roots, Red-beets, fome Tar-
m‘pt, Radi/bes of Illiclraelmat,
‘ and Carrot: (own in 3211}.

Towards the End of the
IVIonth Radi/be: fown on the
hot Bed, Hop Bad: to boil in
February, fome Par/Iain, and
'row Of’Tarragon.

At the End of this Month
fiarlet Strazzverries upon hot
Beds, and fome Beam. Alfo
the Stalks and tender Sprouts of
annipr are accounted a good
boil’d Sallad, and in the Market
are call’d Lapin“.

Spinach, Cabbage ,
Cabbage-Plants, Cole-

Frniz: in Prime, or yet leg/ling].
The Golden Darker, (Doucet)

Lam: Pear-mains“, lI/inter Pear—
maim, 301122 flppler, Péfipinx,
Rnnnetim, 81C. Later Ban C/Jre-
tiers and double bio/firm Pear.

[York to [ye acne in the Flower-
Garden and Grew/410742).

 

M A .

Top your Role-Trees near a
Leaf-Bud, and prune off the
dead and withered Branches,
keeping them to a tingle Stem.

Slip and fet Box for Edgings :
Part or flip all Sorts of fibrous
rooted Plants, as After: of all
Sorts, Cardinal Flower, Rafe
Campion, Holly/Jocks, Gentianella,
Monk-hood, fearlet Lyebnir, Per-
ennial San-*FIo-werr, Sea- Pinks,
double “white Rockets, and Sweet-
lelliamr.

SOW Stock Gil/zflowert, and on
hot Beds the leis tender Exotick
Seeds, Which are not natural to
our Climate, as Balfnminer, Con~
valvular, French and African Ma-
rygo/dr, Naflartiam Indieam,
efpecially, the little blue China
or Indian Pink. Thefe {hould
not be fown before, - becaufe '
they would touch the Glafl'es,
before they can have Liberty
enough given them, for they
mutt not be ventured abroad in
the natural Ground, till the mid~

dle of May. .
Sow Pinks, S-weet—lVilliams,
Carnations, Ba res, fllaternm,

Pine Kernels, P yllz'rea, and per-
ennial Greens.

Defend your Tulip: from
Blights; tranfplant your Carna-
~tion Layers for blowing, if they
were not planted out at Aatnrnn,
which is the belt Time.

SOW Iberian/a Seeds in Pots
or Cafes, in good Earth form-
what loamy.

Plant flnemone Roots to bear
late; and if the Seafon be 'dry
water them once in two or three
Days.

Give frefh Earth to the Pots

Of Car/2124721114: Pyramid/Iii: : All-
' o

M A
lb {ow their Seeds, and take
Sli s from their Roots. l
lant Tabmfe: in Pots of
frefh Earth : Plant and make

Layers of the Pafion-Tree, to .

Tranfplant
and fow its

make it bear Fruit.
the Arbor jade,
Seeds.

Sow the wild jpirting Cumm-
6er and Noll me tangere in natural
Ground; fow the humble and
flnfiti'oe Plant: on the hot Bed.
Graft the Spam]: white yefamine
on the common white Engli/b
Sort. If any Exotick Plants,
have fufi‘ered in the Conferva-
tory, put them into the hot Bed,
but let the Earth be laid thick
upon them to defend them from
the Steam of the Dung.

About the End of the Month
raife Stocks to bud the Orange
and Lemons on : Set Aim, A-
momnmr, Dates, Lentils, Le-
mons, Myrtler, Oleanders, Oranges,
and other tender Trees and
Plants in the Portico, and open
the Doors and Windows of the
Green-Houl‘e or Confervatory
to enure them to the Air by
degrees ; but do not trull them
at Night to the Weather.

Carry thofe choice Anrieala
Seedlings or Plants, that have
been preferved in Pots, into the
' Shade. '

Tranfplant Carnation Seed-
lings ; earth up Layers, and cut
of? the infeéted Leaves.

Take Care to cover Seedlings
of Bays, C yprm', Err, Pbyllirear,
Pam, and all other Winter-
Greens with Straw or Peas
Haulm, till they have pafs’d
two or three Years in the N urfe-

M A

And the fame ought to be done
in all fevere Weather during the
Winter, tho’ they may be unco-
vered in good Weather.

This, Mr. Laurence faYS, is a
feal‘onable Time to remove and
plant all Winter-Greens, Hollies,
flaw, Pbyllireas, &c.

Water your Orange and Le-
mon Trees frequently, but fpa-
ringly; ufe them to the Air by
degrees, and alfo your Anrirala
Seeds; and if the Weather be
warm, give a little Water to the
Ficoide: that are molt fucculent.

Tranfplant Ever-greens, the
Holly, Pbyllirea and Yew, and
fow the Seeds of Ever-green
Pri'Uet.

Flower: now blowing.

Almond, flnemoner, Wank
Aoonite, Apricocl’r, Arbor yank,
Anrienla, Brnmal Croenfler of
all Colours, C/aelidoninm, Crown
Imperial, Spring Cyclamen, Dai-
fler, Den; Caninnr, Fieoia’er, Fri-
til/aria, Grape Flower, Stock Gil--
Izfiowerr, black and White Hel-
lenore, Hepatioa, Iris’s, Tel/ow
yonqnilr, Lanrmtinm, Leaeoz'nm,
Date/.7 Mezere'on, Nareiflns, 0-
range:, Polyant/Jor, Pra'oo‘ee Tn-

lzpr, Primrofer, V ioletr.
IO. MARJORAM.
F [Marjoram

De cri tion.

I P JO Monf. Lager
reckons two Sorts, which he thus
defcribes; the firlt {hoots out
Stalks about a Foot high, woody,
a little hairy and reddi/IJ, di—
viding theml‘clves into feveral

 

‘3', and are fit to be tranfplanted.

fmall Branches, along which
13 4 grow

~MA

grow many fmall Leaves almoi‘t
round, of a wlaiti/lv Colour, an
aromatick Scent, and rank’d by
Pairs. At the Top of thefe
Stalks grow Flowers réfembling
an Ear of Corn, call’d Labeati,
each of them being a Pipe cut
down from the Top into two
Lips; the uppermofl: of which
rifes up fomething round, divided
into two Parts, and the under—
mofi into three. From the Cup
aril‘es a Chive flicking like a
Nail, to the back part of the
Flower, having four Embryor,
which in Time become to many
Seeds, roundilh,ihut up in a Cap-
fula, which ferved as 3 Cup to
the Flower.

‘The fecond Sort differs from
the former, only that its Leaves
are lefs, and its Scent not f0
odo‘riferous.

77]? [’17sz of Propagation].
Marjoram, fays Mr. 1.0341071, 6555-
is propagated only by Seed,
which is very fmall, and fhap’d
almoit like a Lemon," more
pointed on one Side than the
other, and fpeckled With little
White Specks, and as it were
fireak’d with White all over ; it
is of a light Cinnamon Colour,
an odoriferous Flint, of which
are compos’d agreeable Borders
and Edgings. T he W7m‘er Mar—
jomm is the belt, and the Simzmer
flLzrjomm, that laiis not beyond
the Seafon; both of them are
multiply’d by sScedI fown in
May, and all'o by roofed 511]):
and Suckerr. ’

In April, lVIr. Bradley fays,
the U/iizter-S-weet—flLzrjomm Will
refifi our Frofis,and will lait good
three Yeats without renewing 5

 

. M A‘ l

is. increas’d by planting the Slips
in .moiit Places in March or A- ,
PHI; but has not the agreeable
Scent of the other, which is
fown annually upon a'hot Bed,
not being able to fufiain the Sc-
verity of our Winters ; when it
is grown pretty large it fhould
be gathered and dryed.

u. MARLE.

M R. Bern/94rd fays, that Mark

is a kind of Clay, Which is
become flatter, and of a more
enriching Quality, by a better
Fermentation, and by lying (0
deep in the Earth, as not to fpend
or weaken its Fertility by any
Product; Which is found by Ex—
perience it will do, when too
much expos’d.

Of Marie, fome Perfons rec~
kon fix forts ; ' ' ~~

I . The Lo-w—flmt-[l/Iarle, WhiCh
iS of a brownij/J Colour, having
Hue Veins in it, and little Lumps
of Chalk and Lime—fione; this
fort is ufually found under fiifi‘
Clays, or low, black Sand, fe-
ven or eight Foot deep, and is
hard toxdig.

2.. Pezzq-flfarle, or Behring-
ZlIzz‘rle 5 this fort rifes in deep
Pits, is all‘o of a érowm‘j/y Colour,
is clofe, firong and very fat, is
commonly found on the Sides of
Hills, and in wet or boggy
Grounds, which have a light
Sand in them, about two or three
Foot deep; "this is accounted the,
{trongelt of all fllarler, and very
good for fandy Land, but re~
quires a double Quantity, being
neither f0 unétuous nor fpititu-
ous as otherflfrzrle: are, but is
more laliing. ‘ ‘ 3'." The

MA

MA

3. The Stone, Slate, or-Fleg- lPieees like-a Die, or into thin

Marie, [‘0 call’d from the flaty
manner of its Rifing, being akind
of foft Stone, or rather Slate, of
a blue or blei/IJ Colour; it is ufu—
ally found near Rivers and Sides
of Hills, eafily diffolves with
Froii or Rain, and is a very lafl-
ing fort of Merle.

4. Steel-Merle, which is ufually
found in the Bottoms of Pits that
are dug, rifing of its felf like
Blocks of Stone, and is of its felf
apt to break into'fquare, cubical

Bits ; this and the following
Merle are fometimes under
fandy Land. ‘

5. Clay—Merle, (‘0 called be-
caufe it refembles Clay, being
near a—kin to it, but is fatter, and
fometimes is mix’d with Chalk-
Stone.

6. Paper-Merle ; this com-
monly lies near Coals ; it appears
like Leaves, or Pieces of brown
Paper, only it is fomething lighter
in Colour : This fort is the leafl
Valuable, as being hard to be got.

Again, Mr. Merkbem reckons
in SeflE’x four forts of Merle, as
they appear of different Colours;
as Blue, Tellow, Grey and Red;
the Blue is generally accounted
the bell, the Tallow next, the
Grey next to that ; but the Red
will not hold ('0 long.

Mr. S'wirzer fays, he has feen
a 'wlaizi/la kind of [Merle in the
Ifle of ”fight, their Marles there
being generally of that Colour.

The Properties of any forts of
Merler, and by which you may
judge of their Goodnefs, are not
to well known by their Colour
as their Uncompoundednefs and
Purity; for if it will break into

 

Flakes, or is fmooth, like Lead-
Oar; and is without a Mixture
of Gravel or Sand; if it will
flack like Slate—fiones, and {hat-
ter after Wet; or will turn to
Dull when it has been expos’d
to the Sun; or will not hang
and [lick together when it is
thorough dry, like tough Clay;
but is fat and tender, and will
open the Land it is laid on, and
not bind it; then you need not
doubt of its being beneficial to it.

Mr. Mortimer fays, he takes
Merle to be much of the Nature
of Chalk; and that he has been
inform’d by a Potter, that when-
ever they meet with any fort of
Merle or any Chalk, tho’ it will
hold burning with the Clay, yet
whenever any Water comesnear
fuch Pots after they have been
burnt, that both the Chalk and
the Merle will flack, and fpoil
their Ware. .

Some propofe to know the
Goodnefs of Merle, by. putting
fome of it in a Glafs of Water,"
and if it be fo tender, that the
Lumps break and diflolve as foon
as it comes to the Bottom, they
look upon it to be good, or elfe
not : They alto account it a good
Sign if it fparkle in the Water,
and feel fat between the Fingers;
but above all, if it diflblve by
’Wet or Frofi, it is the furel’t Sign
of its Goodnefs.

Merle is fuppos’d to be fertile
from its Salt and 0in Quality :
They are of Opinion, that it con-
tracts its Salts from the Air; and
for that Reafon they think, that
the longer it is expos’d to it, the
better it is. Some are for merl—

‘ leg

M A
iug their Land lhallow, becaufe
it is apt to work downwards ;
but others are for laying it in
dee at firfl, becaufe the Sun
Wa es the Fatnefi: of it.

Some fay Marie: agree bell
with fandy, loofe Land ; but
there is no Rule without an Ex-
ception: The belt way to know
what Lands it will belt agree
with, is to try the Experiment
with a little of it, on Lands fup-
pos’d of a contrary Nature to it.

Marler ought to be us’d in Pro-
portion to the Depth of Earth
that they are laid upon; and over-
marling is oftentimes of worfe
Confequence than under-morling.

Mar/er do not make fo good
an Improvement of Lands the
firfi Year as afterwards.

Some propofe the Burning of
the Marie, and then laying it on
Lands; then One Load will go
as far as Five unburnt.

12.. MARTAGONS, TURKS
TURBANTS, MOUNTAIN, or
CURL’D LILIES.

Difi‘erent Kindr,
and Dcfcriptiom] Flowers,
fays Mr. Bradley, have their
Roots, Flower, Stems and Leaves
not unlike thofe of the Lily,
but differ from Lilies in the
Frame and Order of their Flow—
ers ;
M'artagom hang downwards, and
have. their Pam/r or Flower-
Leaves eurl’d or turn’d upwards,
whereas the Lilia: have not:
They blow generally about TWO
Foot high; their Flowers are of
feveral Colours, fome Vivi/ow,
fome of a fear/er Colour vari-

HESE

for the Bloflbms of the-

 

, M A,

oufly {potted : But the Virginia:-
Martagon has its Flower-Stem
commonly Three Foot high, and
commonly exceeds all the tell
for the Beauty of ,its Flowers,
and is very rare. They all of
them love a light, fandy Soil, and
are in all Refpeéls cultivated like
the Lily, and are proper Ornao
ments for Parterres.

Mr. Fairclzild reckons Five
forts of them; the Common, the,
Pompony-Martagofl, the Imperial-
Marmgou, the ”lbite-Martago”,
the Smrlet-Martagon.

Mont“. Liger reckons Four
forts of Mizngom, which he de~
fcribes as follows,

The Great-Murtagon, bearing
a red Flower, crooked and bend-
ing down at the End of the Stalk,
which keeps it up, has a Stem
between Two and Three Foet
high, Without any Stalk, clofe
t0 the Stem, fmooth to theTouch,
and of a deep Green.

The Second fort is like the
Former, excepting that it bears
fewer Flowers, and they not to
red, and alfo upon a lefs Stem.

The Third fort is like the
Former, only it has Bulbs be-
tween the Leaf and the Flower.

The F ourrh fort, call’d Pom.-
ponim’s Marmgon, differs from
the Other, in that it has a large
Bulb, wrap’d up in very little,
thin Shells, and its Flower is of
aye/[0w Colour.

li’rzy of Propagation] They
are multiplied by their Seed, but
more readily by their Baler, which
are to be planted a Span deep in
the Earth, and at lealt the fame
Dillanee from any orher Flowers.

He

, M A

He fays, the Managua: Bulbs
lhould never be remov’d, but
when you defign to plant them
again immediately ; and that the
Time for removing them is when
the Flower is fallen, at which
Time they quit their old Roots.
Thefe Bulbs, that look like Scales,
if they are planted at fuchTimes,
they will in Time grow to be
large Roots.

Mr. Faircbild fays, the Pompo-

-Martagon is to great a Flower,
that he has feen near Threefcore
Blofloms upon one Stalk.

Thefe Plants will bear Frofi
better than Heat, and therefore
it is proper in the Summer-Time
to fecure their Bulbs from the
Heat of the Sun“, by covering
them with Layers of Earth, or
by giving them Water frequently.

13. MARVEL of PERU.

HIS Flower is call’d the Mar-
vel of Peru, becaufe of the
wonderful Variety of its Flowers,
which grow on the fame Root :
They are propagated by Seedr,
which are to be fet the Beginning
offlprz'l, in hot Beds, from whence
they are to be remov’d into rich
Earth , where they may have
the Benefit of the Sun. They
flower from the beginning of Au-
gu/l ’till Winter, if they are de-
fended againl‘t the Bolts : If they
fail to flower the firfi Year, they
mutt have Horfe-Dung and Lit-
ter laid to them before the Frofts,
and be kept cover’d all the Win-
ter, and this will caufe them to
flower the more early the Year
following. After they have done
flowering, the Roots are to be

 

M A
taken up and. dry’d, land wrap’d
up in woollen Rags, and fo kept

from Moifiure all the Winter:

If they be let in the Beginningbf
Marc/J, they Will thtiVe and bear.
See Night/bade.

x4. MARYGOLDS.

ARTGOLDS are multi-

ply’d by Seed ; they flower
molt Part of the Summer, and in
Winter too, if it be mild; they
may be tranfplanted at any Time
in moifi Weather.

Monf. nger fays, Mar gold:
are fown in Beds in Marci: and
in open Ground in Septeméer or
Oélober, or they will not thrive :
If it be in open Ground, it lhould
be in fome Place that does not
lie' expos’d to the North; they
mufi be well water’d and weeded,
and in Winter {hould be covet’d
with Mats or dry Dung, and
fhould not be uncover’d till the
Heat of the Sun begins to be fen-
fible ; they may be cultivated in
Pots and Boxes. They will look
very well in a Garden, their
Flowers growing in Rays, and
being of a beautiful yellow.

15. The DOUBLE MARYGOLD.

HIS Plant is call’d by Bo-

tanii’ts, Cali/m Flore plaza
lured; and differs little from the
Former, except that the Flowers
of this are compos’d of many
more Leaves This is rais’d of
Seed: fown in Ain't/3, and Often,
on Hot-Beds, tranfplanted and
manag’d like other Plants, ~See
flimznmfi/flu.

,ArnICAN

MA

16. AFRICAN MARYGOLDS.

HERE are Three forts of,

. Africa-Mar golds, Which are
to be rais’d o~ Seed: fown in
April, and fome fow them in a
Hot-Bed; but in a favourable
Spring they will thrive well e-
nough without. They are a
Flower that blows late, as in
zinger/Z and September, and there—
fore more Care ought to be ta-
ken of them, they being :1 Plant
to be renew’d every Year. The
Seed ihould be gathered of the
largeft Flowers. They delight
in a light Mould, and when new—
ly fown mutt be watered, and
require much Sun. See Ficoider.

17. FIG MARYGOLD, fee
FICOIDES.

18. FRENCH MARYGOLD, or
INDIAN Rose.

T HIS Plant Moni‘. Liger

defcribes thus ; Ir l‘noots out

a branchy Stern, of about Three

Foot high, along which grow
oblong‘Leaves, indented on the

M A’ ,
Culture ; or if you would be cu-
rious, fee the Female Bea/farm-
Apple : It will bear the Weather,
but requires to be watered and
weeded. .

This Plant, Pays Mr. Fairebilel,
will make an agreeable Mixture
in Borders, with its beautiful
Velvet Flowers intermix’d with
yellow and red Colours. It flow—
ers feveral Months, and is one
of the molt agreeable Annuals we
have. It may be [own in the
Spring, to make a large Plant;
but Mr. W/aitmil fows them in
Winter, that they may bloffom
in a narrow Compafs the fuc-
ceeding Spring, for the Sake of
thofe that have but very little
Room.

:9. MASKETS, MACHES, or
CORN SALLAD5.,

T H E S E are mnlriply’d only

by Seer/it, which are very
fmall, and of an Ormige Colour;
and are a fort of little Sullad that
is term’d wild or rul‘tical. -They
are lbwn in Beds about the End
of flzzgzzfl, and are hardy enough
to endure the Rigour of the Frofis g,

Edges, and growing many togc-‘and if let alone, will propagate

ther on one Side ; at the End of

thefe grows a {ingle Lear“, of a
green Colour, pointed at theTop;
at the End of the Branches grow
the Flowers in feveral Flouriihes,
divided into many Parts, feared
on an Embryo, and contain’d in
a fealy Cup, almofi half round :
This Embryo becomes a Seed
long and blackifh.

This Plant will thrive in any
fort of tolerably good Bath, and
requires no more than a common

themfelves without any Culture
but “feeding.

:o. NIASTERWORT.

S raiS’d of Seen/Zr, or Raw/er:
from the Roors.

2X.

MATERNUS.

 

IS a Shrub which is very hardy,
l and a fort of Species of the
lP/yllirea, and does as well for
’ ‘ ' Hedges,

M 'A‘ 3
Hedges, being as eafily ma-
nag’d.

'22. MAT TED.

ATTED Root: are fuch
as are entangled or platted
together.

23. MAUDLIN, or COASTMARY.

S rais’d by Slip: or Seed:; and

flourilhes molt of the Summer-

Months. '

24. MA‘XECH‘ITTLE, [2e SCAR-
LET JASSEMINE.

25; MAY.

”fork to be done in the Kite/yin-
Gardm, Orr/74rd, &c.]

HE Showers which fre-

quently fall about the be-
ginning of this Month are often
mix’d with Hail, which are very
injurious to Vegetables, their
Leaves and young Fruit being
tender : But after the Fifteenth
of this Month the Weather com~
monly grows favourable, and

M A‘

LOok to the Melon-Ridger, as
well thofe made in February as
thofe in April ; weed them, and
prune off the Water-Branches,
which you may know by their
Flatnefs , and eXtraordinary
Breadth.

About the middle of this
Month, fOW Cucumber: in the
natural Ground, to be ripe in
yzdy : And fow alfo the Date!)
Brown Lettuce, to be' planted
out the next Month for Cabbag-
ing. Set Sage and Ito/Emmy;
fow Par/lain, and cover your
Cucumber: no longer. If you
have any Imperial and Silefia Let-
tuce; large enough to be replanted,
replant them ; and if any of the
Imperial are already cabbag’d, cut
the Tops of them crofs-wife, that
the Flower-fiems may have Li-
berty to fhoot, in order to their
Seeding.

Plant all forts ofWinter-greens,
and fow the more tender Seeds,
as S-weet—Marjomm, Bafil, Tbyme,
“and hot aromatlck Herbs and‘
Plants.

Tranfplant Cally-flower: ; {OW
Radz'flm, Rmmetml—Pem, Pur-
.flaln and Cab/mga, upon natural

1

 

Gardeners commonly fet abroad EGround ; and Endive, to be
their Exotick Plants and tender: blanched, without Tranfplanting.‘
Shrubs, that have been confin’dglf your Plants are large enough,
in the Green-houfe. imake your firfi Drills for Sci/cry.

If this Month proves dry it Smoak your Orchard ; bind
gives greatldopes of Plenty,of :Hop; to the Poles, and make up
Corn; and it‘COld, it is an Omen the Hills after Rain. Defiroy i
of good Health. gNefis of Caterpillars, and Weeds,

If any thing of Work remain Eefpecially thole that have feather-
undone which ihould have been :ed Seeds , fueh as Dandelym,
done the lalt Month let it be;which are b the Winds carried

a , Y

done in this. fall over the Garden,and are hard-

Thin your SalletincJr and other fly to be rOOted out. Now fet
Herbs, thatrwhat yo: leave mayéyour Beer at full Liberty, and
thrive the better, 'expeét a Swarm, Pra-

M 'A.

Prodac'Z: of the Kitebin - Gar-
den, &C.

Ajparagar \in Plenty, Cally-
fiowm in Perfeélion, many forts
of Cabbage - Lettaoet, B urnez,
Purflain, Caeamberr ; Kidney-
bean: on Hot-beds, Artie/sober,
Pear, Beans, Goofiberries for
Tarts. Carrot: fown in Hot-
beds in February/,15flnaeb, Sear-
let—Strawberrier, ay and May-
ane-Cberrier, Green-flfricorkr.

”fork to be done in tbe Flower-
Garden, and Green-boafe.

Cut down the Leaves and
F lower-Items of bulbous rooted
_ Flowers, that have done Blow-
ing, except you defign them to
[land for Seed. Gather Anemone-
Seed; fow Carnation-Seed. Shade
your choice Tulip: from the
N oon-Sun and from Rain. Tye
up the Spindles of Carnatiom.

‘ Sow annual Flowers, as the
Annual-Stock, C andy-Tafix, Ve-
n74: Looking-glaj}, &C. Water
Rananculas’s, and plant out Ama-
rantbnr’s.

About the Tenth, inareb
Orange and Lemon-Trees; the
Spani/IJ wbite and Indian yellow
yafl‘emine on Stocks of the com-
mon wbiz‘e yaflemine.

If the Weather be gentle and
fettled, when you fee the Ma]-
berry—Trce put forth, or about the
Fifteenth, bring the Orange and
Lemon-Trees out of the Confer—
vatory ; cleanfe their Leaves from
Dufl, if :1 Shower of Rain does
not do it; give them frelh Earth
on the Surface; and alto tranf-
plant and remove them.

M. E

Towards the End, cut fome
Leaves ofi‘ the Opaatia or Indian
1g.
When the Weather is fettled,
tranfplant from the Hot-bed to
open Borders, all your cboiee An-
nnzlr, as African and Freneb Ma-
rygoldr, flmarantbm’s , Bafilr,

Capfioamr, C onvolvulm’n‘, &c.
Plant the Cuttings of the Paj-
fion-Tree, and the Cuttings of the
Pyraeantba of the tender Shoots.

Flower: now Blowing.

Aloer, Anemoner, Annaal—Stookr,
flntirrbinam, Afpbodel, Spanf/IJ-
Broom, C randy—Ta fox, C anterbnry—
Belll‘, Colambinet, C yanm, C yti-
far, Donble-Dai/z'er, Feat/oerfew,
Fieoider, Fox-glove: , Fraxinella ,
Geranium: , Stock- Gilli/lower: ,
Double yellow Globe-flo-wem, Glee-
diolm, Honey-faobler, Labnrnam,
Lark-flan, Liliex, aniner, Sin-
<glif-foarlet Lyobm': , Martagonr,

arygolds, Monkr-bood, Malleins,
Nympbea, Oranges, Orobix, Dou-
ble-Pinks, Sea-Pinks, Periwinkler,
Pyraeantba, Preonies', Poppies,
Rananmlm’r, Double wbzte Roe.
bet, Rofer, Guilder-Rafa, Spi— -
rca’r, Spiderwortr, Sweet-Willi-
ams, Syringa, Tulip, Valerian,
Venn: Looking-glaj}, Musk-Violent,
lVall—flowen.

2.6. MEADOW—SAFFRON,
fee SAFFRON.

2.

7. M E D L A R 3.
THE Medlar—Tree delights in

loamy natural Soil, and re-
quires but little Sun ; it is propa-
gated by Grafting upon the Haw-
tborn

 

ME

:50»: in March; and is only fit
for Standards in the remote Part
ofa Garden. This Fruit (con-
trary to all other Fruits) is not
fit to be eaten till it is rotten or
decay’d.

28. MEDULLA.

ED_U L L A is the Pith or
Heart in Trees or Plants.

29. MELIANTHUS.

H E Meliantbm, fays Mr.
Bradley, is, as he fuppofes,
call’d Maliantlm: or Honey-Flow-
er, from a Drop or two of
clammy Juice which thefe Flow-
ers afford, rafting as fweet as
Honey, is an African Plant, yet
blofl‘oms freely with us, if they are
not ufed too tenderly ; there are
of it two Sorts, the Greater and
the Lefle’r. The larger Sort,
produces Spikes of Flowers e-
very Year of a ngfee Colour,
and is 1'0 hardy that it will bear
to (land abroad all the Win--
ter.
The fmaller Sort is not f0
common in England as the lar-
ger ; the Flowers are very beau—
tiful, having in them a Mixture
of Red, Green, and Tel/0w ; thefe
are accounted more tender than
the former, and are commonly
kept in the Green—Houfe; but
he is of Opinion that thef'e alfo
might be enur’d to {land abroad
in the \Vinter as well as the
larger Kind.
Both thefe Kinds may be ea-
iily propagated by Slip: from the
Rom, taken from the Root: any

Time between Meg! and flflgufl 5

 

M E
they love a randy Soil and plen-
tiful Watering, efpecially the
larger Sort.

go. MELONS.

MR. Collin: fays, Melon-Seed

will retain its prolifick
Quality, if it be kept dry, to as
to grow at the End of twenty
Years; but then before it be fown '
it mutt be {leep’d in fome Li-
quor that is not corrofive as
Milk, or Mead, and that ac-
cording to its Age. If it be
fix or feven Years old, it will
grow pretty well without foak-
ing; if it be ten Years old,

twelve Hours will be enough;

if it be twenty Years old, twen-
ty four Hours.

He fays, that though Seeds of
one or two Years old will not
fail to grow ; yet there is a Dif—
advantage in all fuch Seeds, that
they will fpend themfelvcs too
freely in their Vines without
fruiting. And on the contrary,
the fuperfluous Sap is very much
correéted by the Age of the Seed,
their Joints will be ihorter, their
Number greater, more hardy and
berter tafied. _

Mr. Bradley fays, that all
frefh Seeds of [We/0:2: will pro-
duce much larger Vines than
thofe Seeds that have been kept
feveral Years. That new Seed
is apt to draW fuch Plenty of
Nonrifhment, that it is feldom
prolifick ; for too hafiy thriving
is always an Enemy to breeding
or prolincity :' ('0 on the other
rland, when he has fown Melon
Seeds of feven or eight Years
old, the Vines have been clofe

jointed,

jointed, and more fubjeél to
-bear F mix.

The Kimir of Melom.

Mr Collin: (of all the Kinds of
~Melon Seeds which are many) re—
commends the fmall Gallo-way,
the black and white Spamflo, the
wrought green Turkey, the Ita-
lian W buried, and the Fremb large
Melom, and the black and red
Miter-flick»; but the lafl are
very diflicultly rais’d iii Eng-
land.

He adds, That the Seed fown
in England Iofes Part of its
Colour and more of its Tafie;
and therefore advifes to get the
Seed from abroad Once in three
Years.

He fays, That whereas fome
are of Opinion that the fleeping
the Seeds in feveral Sorts of
Wine will mend the Tafie of
the Fruit , he afferts that it will
have no fuch Et‘t‘eé‘t.

This Fruit are ufually call’d
v Mutt-Melon: from the Pleafant—
nefs of their Scent. Mr. Mor-
timer reckons only two Sorts,
tbe large ribo’d Melon, and the
finall roimd file/on.

0f making flee Seed Bedr].
Mr. Collim dire€ts the hot Beds
to be made with Litter from the
Dung that has been made about
aMonth or fix Weeks, about
five Foot wide, and four Foot
high, and of What Length {hall
be thought convenient. He or-
ders that Straw be laid on the
Bed a Foot thick, which will
raife the Heat equally in three
or four Days. If this be not
done, he fays, it will be apt to

ME

rife in Patches. Then the Straw
being taken away, the Bed is to
be cover’d four Inches deep,
either with rotten Dung of the
laft Years Ridges, or elfe with
Cow Dung. ‘ '
0f fouling [Melon Seed]. He
advil‘es to fet two Rows of
Glafles the length of the Bed,
and as much toward the Middle
of it as can be to preferve Heat;
and to raifc little Hills of rich
lifted Mould where thefe Glaifes
are to (land, which when mad-e
flat at the Top, willremaina-
bout fix Inches Diameter wider
than the Glafs ; and thefe Glalles
are to [land four Inches one
from the other; to find out when
the Heat of the Bed rifes, you
may thruft in your Finger. ,

He advifes then to fcatter the
Seed on the Hill, to asit may
come up two Inches dil’tant un-
der the Glafs; and that it be
prick’d in about an Inch and co-
ver’d. 7

Tbe Time]. He accounts the
bell Time for fowing Melon: to
be about the 12th of February,
and then the Plants Will come
firong and large, and will be fit
to be planted out toward the
End of [Word], and ('0 forward
till the middle of April, and fo
you will have llIelom to cut in
Time, which Times of fowing ;
he having obferv’d never mifs’d
ot‘ 9. Crop for more than twenty
Years.

He adds, that fome to hate
them early ripe fow them the
beginning of 592mm o‘r fooner,
and have fome ready to cut in
April; but then this early Fruit
will neither be fo fine to the

 

Eye,

MB

Eye, dOr delicate to the Palate ;
becaufe the Air will lhrink the
Vines and make them fmall,
and the Sun which gives them
both their Colour and Tafie, is
too far diftant at that Seafon to
afford them fuflicient Heat. But
fuch alfo mutt, he fays, be taifed
in Pots and renewed into frefh
Beds to continue an equal Heat.

Culture after Sowing]. The
Seeds fown, as he has before di—
reéted, he fays will appear in
four or five Days. And if the
Sky proves clear, they mutt have
but little Sun, becaufe it will
[ban draw the Heat of f0 freih
a Bed to that degree, that in an
Hour or two’s Time, the Leaves
which are call’d the Deaf Ears
will twirl or cofl‘er; and if the
Weather proves fiormy or cold,
they mufi' have but little Air.

When they have grown, that
their third Leaf is as big as a
fix Pence, the (trongeit of them
mutt be taken off, and eight or
ten of thefe mull be prick’d at
equal Difiances all over the
Glaffes. You muff alfo fiir up
the Mould and fmell to it , and
if it be grown fufiy, you mufl
_ mingle fome frefh Mould with
it.

A little Water, he fays, will
make the Plants [land the Sun
the fooner, efpecially if the
Weather be fine, and he gives
this Reafon for it; that as long
as the Water fills the Pores of
the Earth, the Beams of the Sun
cannot hurt the Root of the
Plant.

0f Covering zlaem .] He re-
commends Wheat Straw as the
belt and warmeft Covering for

V o L. H.

 

MEtt

them, and prefers it before Mats;
becaufe the Straw may eafily be
laid clofe between and round
about as well as on the Top of
the Glaffes, as much as you
pleafe, and according to the Cold-
nefs of the Weather, or Age of
the Bed. I.

Glaflé: better tban Franzen]
He fays, he approves of Glaffes
as better to raife Melon: than
Frames, becaufe if a Damp {hould
arife in one part of the Bed, it
will not affeét the Whole, and
may be eafier let out from under
a Glafs than a Frame, without
chilling the whole Bed.

He advifes that the Glafl‘es be
taken off and wip’d in good
Weather for about an Hour at
a Time, and fet by to dry the
Bed, which will carry the Plants
till they come to the Ridge;

If the Plants grow tall, he
advifes to cut them ofi", and to
have but two Joints that they may
throw out fironger and more
proper Vines in order for the
Ridges; but then this pruning.
mutt be about ten Days before
they are remov’d to the Ridge,
and in fair Weather.

As for any Objection made
againfi Straw, as toits harbouring
of Mice which will crop of?
the Plants, he fays, the Mice
will feldom hurt the Plants, bed
caufe there is generally fome
Corn in the Straw; but that
may alfo be prevented by {new-
ing fome Corn under the Glafi,
which will divert them till they
can be caught in Traps, ,

0f making Ridgen] ToWards
the latter End of Marc/7, or the
Beginning of 191%], you may

C begifl

begin to make Ridges for yOur
Melons, of the fame Kind of
Dung you‘made the Seed-Bed ;'
make them about four Foot
wide, and two Foot and a Half
high, tread it down well, and
water it to the Bottom, and in
two or three Days the Heat will
rife, then cover it With coldDung
of the lai‘t Year about three
. Inches thick, and beat it down
clofe with the Back of the Spade,
and the next Day the Heat will
come thro’ this Coverin , and
then make the Hills fgr the
Plants about‘fix Inches deep of
warm good Mould, as is direét-
ed in the Seed—Bed.

0f tranfialanting tbem on the
Ridge:.] The next Day plant
the Plants under a Glafs, fet-
ting them up to their Necks
in Mould, do this in the Even—
ing, and water them immediate-
ly. 'Let there be five Foot
Diliance between Plant and
Plant; and lay a Wifp of Wheat
or Peas - Straw on the Glafs,
againft the Sun, only for three
or four Days, which is better
than Mats.

He adds, that four Foot being
allowed for the Breadth of the
Ridge, which is filflicient to keep
the Plants warm, and to allow
for the fhrinking of the Roots,
in about three NVeek’s Time the
Plants will have crept to the Out—
fide of the Ridge ‘, and then you
mull; lay Mould all over the
Ridge, as deep as you did under:
the Glafi'es. The Bed lyinq'

 

to long uncover’d was only to
difpofe of that, naufeous H's-an;
which at firii did rifefrom the“

Dung.

M E *

Then three Weeks after-you
have made your Ridge, you mutt
fill up two Foot of the four
Foot Alley that you made be-
tween your Ridges towards the
Sow/a, and ten Days after that

fill up two Foot more towards .

the Nort/a, and lay good Earth
about eight Inches deep on thefe
lafi Alleys ; and this will caufe
and preferve an additional Heat,
till a great part of your Fruit is
fet, which if the Beds were
made [‘0 wide at once, molt of
the Fruit for the firfi Fortnight
would drop off. ,

The Plants ihould be watered
affoorl as flat, to preferve their
Leaves‘ from falling ofi‘; for at
firli too much Steam will be
apt to arife, and the Stench of a
frefli Bed will occaiion them to
to do. Therefore the Mould‘
mull be pull’d away about three
Inches wide, and one deep on
two Sides of the Glais,
the Air may come in, which will
force away the Steam.

How to order them on tbe
Ridges] The Plants, as he had
directed, having been taken Off
at the Middle of their itrongeft
upright Branch in their feeding
Bed. He does not think there
will be any occaiion of pruning
them on the Ridges, till they
are not to be kept within their
Glafs. And their Mould being
laid all over the Bed eight Inches
thick, he adrifes, that one Per-
fon ihould take of a Glafs, and
hold the Branches of the Plants
from the Bed on one iide, while
another With his Foo: treads
flat, and with his Toe clofe to
the Roots of the Plants, gently

at

that\

ii; 5 '

. i . , M E
at firll round the Hole, and, at-
terwards fo hard that it will
beat his Weight, and fo back-
ward round the Hole, ”(till keep-
ing his Toe towards the Roor.

He gives this Rafon for this
Direélion, becaufe if this Tread-
ing Were nor done cautionfly by
going aerol's the, Ridge, the
yielding of the Mould would
teat-the Roots to Pieces. _ _

When this is done in each
Hole, the Whole Ridge mull be
trampled with the Alleys ,
which are fuppos’d now to lie
at an equal Height with the
Ridge. But this lhould not be
done in Wet Weather, if it can
be help’d, becaufe then the Ridge
will be apt to crack. '

When this is done, hold up
the Plants again, and lay a Ball
ket of dry Mould from the
Roots of the Plants to near a
Yard Wide, and an Inch thick,
as loofe as you can round each
Hole.

If after this any part of the
Bed or Alleys lhould crack,
they mull be houghed for abOut
an Inch.

In this way of Management,
he propofes two Advantages.

1. That’ the Ground being
trod f0 hard, and being kept f0
Ioofe to the Roots, fupplies more
Nourilhment; and the Beams of
the Sun (which, he fays he has
known, kill extraordinary gdod
Crops of Fruit, by darting r00
freely through the Pores of fuch
hollow Earth) are thereby kept
out ; and as the Drought cannot
g; in, to they cannot want much

ater, which fpoils both the

Colour and Tafic of Melom,

M E ,
and alfo often decays the Roots
theml‘elves;

2. The Groundtbeing kept fo‘
clol‘e, the Heat which arifes from
the Dung cannot fo foon evapo—
rate, and therefore mutt invigoa
rate the Plants a-longer Time.

He advifes Watering nor above
thice or thrice inaSealon, and
that in an Evening : ,But if the
Weather pr‘ove hot and dry for
a long Time, if the Rom wants
Water, fome LeaVes will begin
to coffer, and then they mull be
watered.

He fays, That where it can be
done, the Ground {hould be
hough’d, and the Mould which
was laid under the GlalTes fhould
be fiirr’d with the Back of a
Knife, very fine and light, which
will breal: thofe little. Pipes
and Channels that \Vatering had
forced ; and When dully, the
Sun cannot pierce it as before. ,

0f Framing Ale/05“.] Thefd
Plants are to be prun’d difCre—
tionally , according to their
Healthfulnefs ; firong and hardy
Plants require more Pruning than
thofe that are weak and tender 1
When Melon—Plants throw out
a great many fmall Vines at Three
or Four Inches Difiance from the
Root, you mull prune away half
the Number of them with a Pair
or” Scilfars when there is a clear
Sky, or orherwife it will be apt
to rot the Vines; and whatfo-i

‘evcr you cut off, you mull leave

an, Inch and a Half from the
joint below it. A

He fays, That it is the com-y
mon Practice of Gardeners, to cut
of the Vints a Joint or Two be:

 

yond the Fruit, becaufe they fay,
C 2' The:

. M E
That the Sap has the left to feed,
and eonfequehtly the Fruit will he
the larger. ‘

But he having direéted the Set-
ling of but Two Plants in a Hole,
and at FiVe FootDifiance, which
will cover the Ridge, there will
be a Neceffity (with Scifi'ars) to
cut a Foot wide on each Side,
to walk, prune, _Water or gather
the Fruit.

His Praé‘tice is, inflead of {top—
ping the firongell Vines, to take
ofi“ half the weak ones, which
take away more Nourifhment
from the Root, than what grows
beyond the Fruit upon the firong-
ell Shoots. And befides, he fays,
the Sap draws more freely to the

Fruit, when it has the Liberty of T

pafiing by it for fome Diflanee,
than when it is oblig’d to [top at
the Fruit; for there are different
Natures in 21 Plant ; the one pro—
per to the Growth of the Vine,
and no Vine can have the Strength
which by Natureit ought to have,
’till both are made exertive of
their Qualities.

Therefore he advifes, That if
you do prune, to leave at leait
Four Joints beyond the Fruit.

_ But his chief Reafon, he fays,
for leaving half the {mall Vines
in each Hole, is, That the great-
ell Part of the Crop is expeéted
from thofe Vines, becaufe grow-
ing nearell the Root, they always
produce the bell tailed Fruit. 7

He adds a Remark, That ge-
nerally towards the latter End of
Siam, Showers of Rain fall, and
after that, the Sun ihines upon
the Plants with fo great Heat,
that where a Drop of Wet h .uigs
upon a Vine, the Beams of the

 

M E ,
Sun, in drying it up, will draw a
Hole in theVine, which Hole will
imbibe the water the nextRain that
falls, and rot the Place, and caufe
the Lofs of a greatQuantity both of
Fruit and Vines; which if it hap-
pens, they wil-l want no Pruning.

As to knowing the Ripenefs
of Melon: by the Cracking of the
Stalk at the Head of the Fruit,
or by Smelling under the Glafs
or to the Fruit, he fays, fome
Kinds of F ruit,having thickRinds,
Will crack at the Stalk, and be fit
for the Table before the Scent
c411 penetrate.

He hints alfo, That Ladies
fhould not be invited into a Me-
lonry, left Nature ihould at that
ime be in its Venereal Dif-
eharge; beeaufe it has not only
an imaginary, but ('0 real an In—
fluence on Melom newlyfet, that
they will molt of them drop off:
This, he fays, he has had. the fa-
tal Experience of, to as to be
obliged to deny them} Entrance
into his .Melohry.

Their C ulture. :I After they
have been planted about a F ort-
night, they will be in a growing
Polture, and then if the dry Eafl-
er/y Winds are ceafed, the Glafl
fes lhould (in the Heat of the
Day) be tilted up an Inch, for
Two or Three Hours, to give
them Air, that they may be en-
ur’d to the “feather by Degrees.

Suppoling the Plants to be fully
fer, the common Time allow’d
for their Ripening is Forty Days,
during which Time, if the Earth
be very dry, they ought to be
watered now and then, but very
fparingly, becaui‘c they delight
not in abundance of Water, no);

W1

M E

will the‘Fmit be fo Well tailed,
if the Piants are kept too moift.

It is a common Praétice,when
Melon-Plant: are fer, to pinch
or prune off the Running Bran~
ches two Joints above the Fruit,
to that all the Sap of the Branch
may be turn’d into the young
Fruit, to nourifh it, which will
contribute to making the Fruit

larger, if it be well defended with !

Leaves from being fcorch’d with
the Rays of the Sun, during the
Time of its Growth : But after-
wards it cannot be well too much
expos’d to the Heat of the Sim,
(even altho’ it receive it through
a Glai‘s) which will forward the
Ripening of it ; and it may be
known when it is come to its

due Ripenefs, by the agreeable‘

Odour it will fend forth.

While the Vines are growing,
the Earth they run upon ihould
be kept well weeded, and the
Surface fhould be gently fiirr’d,
becaufe their Roots are tender,
and always fhoot out in Length
as far as the Branches reach.

Mr. Bradle mentions three
Things praétifgd by Gardeners,
in the Culture of Melom, which
he does not well approve of,

1. When a Melon is in Blof—
fom, they pull off all thefalfe
Blofl'oms, becaufe they imagine
they would weaken the Plant:
Whereas he lays, If thofe are the
Male-F lowers, as they feem to
be, then it is they that are or-
dain’d by Nature to fer the Fruit,
and it mufl needs be very injuri-
ous to the Plant to pull them off.

2. It is a common Praétice to
lay the feveral Leaders of the
Vines at equal Dii’tances from

ME

one another, and often to lift
them up to view the young Fruit,
which is very prejudicial to them,
becaufe the Veffels that convey
the Juices to the Fruit are very
tender, and are liable to be bruis’d
by the leafi bending from the
Place of their natural Growth.
3. It is very common to ex-
,pofe the Fruit to the Sun, by
taking away the Leaves from

 

iabout it, which is prejudicial;

ifor the Beams of the Sun falling
idireétly upon Plants, dries and
gpinches their Veffels; fo that the
gSap not having a free Pail-age, it
fcannot fill the Plant f0 foon and
Ifo plentifully, as if the Parts were
:larger and more open, as they
galways are in the Shade: For
the immediate Heat of the Sun
is not neceffary for the Growth
of the Fruit, but only for the
Ripening of it ; for any fort of
F ruit'grows bell in the Shade.
Mr. Mortimer fays, The Seed:
of M61072: fliould be fieep’d in
Milk for twenty-four Hours be-
fore they are (own; and fome fleep
them in Wine and Sugar; they
{hould be fown in Hot-beds in
Feérzmry , at the Full of the
Moon, putting two or three
in a’ Hole about an Inch deep;
and that towards the End of flpril
they are to be taken out of the
Hot—bed, and planted at two
Foot Diflance in the Places
where they are to grow all the
Summer in Beds, wherein large
Holes being made, are to he fill’d
With a rich, light Mould. Care
alfo is to be taken in Planting

 

 

them, that neither ‘the Roots or
Plants do touch the Dung. The
belt Time of Planting them, is in

C 3 an

M E
an Evening, after a fair Day, af-
ter which they mufl be watered

!

M E
hinder the Wind from blowing
them about; and alfo to heighten

and defended from the Sun and ’them up with fome good warm
Gold for three or four Days to— iMould when they are in Blofl'om,

gether. If the Ground you plant
them on be wet Ground, or
fuch as is apt to hold Moiliure,
then lay Bruih Faggots at the Bot-
, tom of the Trench, to make the
moifture fink awayfrom the dung.

When the Earth is very dry
and hot, they mull be moderate-
ly water’d two or three Times
a Week ; but you mull take
Care not to wet the Leaves. If
the Weather be too rainy, cover
them; for too much Wet is very
prejudicial to them.

If you perceive no Fruit, he
advifes to cut oil“ the Tops, to
make them bear ; and when the
' Fruit begins to appear, to cut off
thofe Blolfoms that are likely to
bear no Fruit ; and alfo the bar-
ren Branches and finallTendrils,
and Whatfoever you may think
may rob the Fruit of its Nouriih-
ment, leaving not above three
or four Melom upon one Plant.

Nip off the finall Shoots, that
draw off the Sap of the leading
Branches, and leave not above
three or four of the moll vigo-
rous Branches , whofe Knots
grow neareft to one another :
When the life/(m is grown about
the Size of a Tennis-ball, nip oil
the Shoot at fome Diiiance be-
yond them ; and ifyou leave not
above one [We/oz on a Branch, it
will make them grow the larger;
and always leave that which is
nearer“: the principal Stem, the
refi being of little Value.

He advifes to peg the Branches
down with hooked Sticks, to

i

and that will prevent them from
falling ofi“.

When the Melon: are grown
large, you may cover them with
fquare Glafs—Cafes or Glafs-Bells,
fet ['0 that a little Air may get
under the Glafs at Night, and lay
a Tile under each Melon, that it
may lie the warmer.

When the Fruit is ripe, turn
it three or four Days before
you cut it, that it may be the bet-
ter ripened on all Sides: You
may know when they are ripe, by
the Odour they yield, and when
they begin to gild and grow
yellow underneath, and when the
Stalk feems as if it- would part
from the Fruit. It is belt to be
eaten Twentyofour Hours after
it has been gathered, and fhould
be firfi put into a Pail of cold
W ater , to» make it eat cool
and pleafant.

The Seed! of the molt early
ripe ought to be preferv’d ; and
thofe Seed; that lie on the Sunny-
Side of the Melon are the heft.

NIr. Bradley fays, The Italian:
have alifelon which is commonly
ripe about Clarijlmaflr, which is
elieem’d among them as a Rarity,
and is alfo cultivated in England;
for the ordering of which, he.
gives the following Direélions:

You mull lbw the Seeds in a
Bed moderately warm, towards
the latter End of April or Begin-
ning of May ; when the Plants
are come up, they are to be f0
ordered, that the Fruit may not

a

 

come to its full Growth till thC
- latter,-

ME

latter End of September, or Mid-
dle of O'c‘fober ; the natural
Warmth of the Summer will be
fuflicient to effect this of it felf
without the Aflifiance of Art,
’till the cold Evenings in Augufl
begin to come in, and then both
Plants and Fruit mull be lhelter’d
from the cold Dews and F roll 3,
’till you think the. Fruit is at its
full Growth. In the Heat of the
Day, you mutt {trip the Leaves
off the Plants, and let the Sun
dry the Stalks, and pull them up
by the Roots, and hang them in
fome Place well expos’d, ’till
they are more thoroughly dry’d,
and afterwards hang them up by
the Stalks in a dry Room, or lay
them up in Bran or dry Sand, to
keep them from the Air ’till
Chrylmafi ; and if at that Time
you find they are not ripe enough,
you may wrap them up in a Cloth,
and lay themin a Horfe-Dunghill
for Twenty-four Hours ; and this
. will put their Juices into a Fer-
ment, and add to their Ripenefs.

The Ambition of Gardener;
about London, being to produce
Melons, 65%. before and after
their natural Seafon, Mr. Bradley
lays doWn the following Rules
for Raifing and Cultivatiflg them
at thofe Times, as follows :

He fays, It is ufual With Gar—
deners to make their Seed-beds
for early Melon! in yammr}, al-
tho’ at that Time the Ground be
covered at Foot thick with Snow.
But this he does not approve of,
as not being agreeable to the
Courfe of Nature: For that it
does not feem likely that fuch
tender Plants as they are, when
they. are jult forc’d out of the

” M E

Ground, will be able to with-
ftand the leall Air from Abroad,
during the Continuance of fevere
Frofts and Blaits : He therefore
would have a Hot—bed about
four Foot fquare , and two
Foot high, prepar’d for them in
the firft Week ofOJZolzer, and the
Melon-Seeds fown in it, as foon
as the Heat is moderately abated.
And when they have been come
up a Week, he orders the Planting
them out upon the fame Bed. fc’mr
Inches apart, after the Earth has
been very well flirted. And be-
caufe in this Month the Days are
commonly warm, and that Melon
Plants ought to have as much
Air, as you can poflibly give them
in fuch Weather; but the Nights
being uncertain, they muft be co~
vered up clofe with Glai’l'es and
Mats over them : By this Means
the Plants may be made hardy,
and {trengthened sgainfi Winter,
which is rather to be aim’d at,
than to draw or force them. '

Thofe Melvy~Plall€S,that are in
Hot-beds in jammy, mull have
the Influence of the Sun admit-
ted to them through the Glaffes
as often as may be, to keep them
from the Injuries thcy_Will be apt
to fitfiEr from the Steam of the
Bed; for the Steam of the Dung
at this Seafon tiling in greatQuan-
titles, does condenfe upon the
glallES,and by dropping from them
on the tender Plants, rots them.

In order to correét this in juri~
ous Steam, Mr. Bradley recom-
mends two Methods: The one
is to allow at leaf: Six Inches
thick of Earth to cover the Dung;
The other is, to have Frames

 

made of Woollen Clorh, to Hide
‘ C 4. ' iv

wM E

in under the Glafl'es; and thefe
will receive the Steam that rifes
in the Night, and may be drawn
out every Morning without hurt-
ing the Plants, and be dry’d be-
fore it is put in ' again. The
Damps being thus corrected, the
Heat of the Beds may be recruited
or preferv’d, by laying hot Dung
to their Sides every Fortnight or
three Weeks.

And left the firil Plants fliould
by fome Accident be loft, you
may fow Melon-Seed: 0n Hot—beds
every Week. -

He advifes, That when the
Plants are in the fecond Joint, to
plant them out into fmall Baskets
made with Oziers, open on their
_Sides, about four Inches deep,
and ten Inches over on the Top,
that when the Plants begin to run,
the Roots may have Liberty to
{hoot out into the neighbouring
Earth, of the Bed they are to
lland in, Without being replanted,
which would endanger them ;
and that there is alfo another
Conveniency in the Baskets, that
they may be fafely remov’d from
one Bed to another. .

In‘ one of thofe Baskets, he
advifes to plant five or fix
Plants, lei‘t any of them fhould
go off; tho’ it is reafonable to
think that fuch Plants,which have
had the Advantage of a gradual
declining Seafon to harden them-
I‘elves in, will not be f0 fubjeé‘t
to be injured by the Weather, or
require lb much Heat to main-
tain them, as thofe that appear
fill in Froil and Snow.

As the Bed they are. fet in cools,
he direé‘ts, That the Back and
Front of it be laid with freih

 

M E

Dung; and to give the Plants as
much Air and Sun, in the Day-
time as may prudently be given
them ; and that in the Nights
they be well covered with Straw
and Mats; and then he does not
doubt but the Plants will produce
Fruit early enou b.

He adds, hat all annual
Plants are as naturally dispos’d
to live from the Autumn to the
Spring, as they are to flouriih in
the Summer Months, if they are
kept from F lowering in the [Vin-
ter; and that Melon-Plants are
Annuals, and may as well be
kept in the H/iuter as any other
Exotirk Annual whatfoever, if
they were prevented from Blof-
foming before Cbriflmufr, and in
Proof of this,

He lays, That he himl‘elf has
kept young Plants of Amarantbt,
and of the Nu/Zurrz'um qu’icum
’till the following Summer, only
in a common Green-houfe.

Mr. W/aitmill’s Management
of Melon-Plants is as follows;
When the Plants have beenrais’d,
and are fit to plant on Ridges,
he plants them in a Border under
a South—Wall, and lays no Dung
at all about their R00ts ; and as
the Plants grow up, he lays them
gently againll the Wall, and
tacks them up to it, or trains
them to run up fome Frame; and
when the Fruit fets, he fai‘tens a
Tile with a Hole in it to the
Wall with a Staple, to lay the
Fruit upon; the Delign of the
Hole is to keep the Fruit from
too much W et; and the Defign
of the bringing the Fruit to the
“fall is, that it may ripen the
better. Mr. Bradley calls this, ‘an

ex~

ME

excellent Way of producing)”:-
low; and fays, it carries to much
good Reafon along with it, that
he is well alfured that it cannot
fail of good Succefs.

He adds, That in order to pre-
ferve all from’ :the Weather, if
the Lights that belong to the Hot-
bed Frames be fet floping againl‘t
the Walls, he does not doubt
but Fruit fo manag’d, would ri-
pen much better, and have a
much higher Flavour than thofe
ordered in the common Way,
efpecially in a cold, wet Seafon:
That Melon: are fram’d by Na-
ture for climbing, he fays, their
Clafpers lhew us; and that they
are much better when propagated
Without Dung, there are abun-
dant Inflances ': And that as to
the Long-gourd and C alaéa/Ia, he
has had much larger againft a
Wall, than ever he could get up-
on a Hot-bed.

MELON-THISTLE orECHINOME-

LOCACTOS.

Dzfi'eriiz Sorts. R'. Brad/e

- g ]M tells us,'hz
has had only two Sorts of this
Wonderful Plant eiz. the fmall
Kind called Ec/yimmelomc‘lo: mi—
nor lac‘l‘efcem abfque tommto Cy-
lindrir fl’rit‘fioribm, WhiCh is fi-
gured in the Pamdifm Butt/rum,
and the larger Kind which grows
in St. C/ori/Zopbcrr and the other
Catriona-Mandy, :1 Cut of Which
may be feen in Gerard; Herbal.

Defcripziomj The firit Of
thefe is feldom bigger than a
large Apple, and grows out of
the Ground like a folid Fruit,
covered over with little Knots,

 

A

bearing fome Refemblance to
green Barberrie: fet clofe toge-
ther, having little Stars Of
Thorns at their Points , of a
Cimzmon Colour; the Fruit
cracks out in hot Weather, full
ripe, of the Shape and Colour
of a ripe Barbary, but they re-
main a long Time, upon the
Plant.

The latter is a folid Plant,
it grows out of the Ground
like the Fruit of a large Pum-
kin, but is ribb’d like aMeloia,
and is very green; it has long
{tar—like Thorns of a Cofee Co—
lour plac’d one above another
on the Edges of each Rib: A
Lump of a Subflance like Cot-
ton, covered over on the out-
lide with fhort tender Spines,
of a Cimmon Colour, grows on
the Top of this Plant. In a
hot Day, out of this the Fruit
burfis forth , the Fruit when
full ripe is about the Bignefs of
a. Carnelian-Chew , and of the
fame Colour, an ufually drops
off two Hours afterwards. In
Baréadoe: this Plant is called
Pope’s—Head 0r Turk’r-Cap.

Both thefe Kinds grow in
America, npon the Rocks near
the Equiaoéliol—Line, and there—
fore are very tender. Mr. Brad—
Icy fays, he has rais’d the fmall
Kinds from Seedr, which he
fow’d in Lime rubbifh, and af-
terwards preferv’d them for fome
Time, but they Were not hardy
enough to bear the Severity of
the hard Winter. But tho’ they
are tender, if they be humoured
in their own way with apro-
per Soil and kept dry, they
may be preferved as Well as the
Tbrcb-T/az'fi/e , There

. ,'

%.M E"

Therezis' one of the—larger;

Sort of Meldn—Tbifile to berfeen
at this Time in the Stove at
Hampton-Cox”.

\‘The befl Way to procure
thefe Plants, is to have them
from flmerim well grown, and
they mutt be kept without Wa-
ter during the Voyage.

ME LO'NRY.

A Melonry is a Melon Ground

or an Apartment ‘in a
Garden for the Propagation of
Melons.

Mr. Col/2m gives us this De-
fcription of his Melonry, as one
that he belt approves of ; That
it is in Length about nineteen
Yards, and in Breadth fixteen,
being fene’d with a Hedge of
new on the North-Eafl and
”7e , and lying open full Sour/'2
for about fix or feven Yards
Diltance from the common
Ground Where there is aWall
of about ten Foot high: The
Hedge flopes at both Ends from
South to Nari/a, and from about
'five Foot high on the fore Part
to between nine and ten on
the hinder Part, to keep ofl‘
Nari/a Winds. '

Within this Hedge the Ground
is all taken away for fixteen
Inches deep, except the Width
Of one Yard round it ; but the
Banks are flop’d that they may
not fall in clofe againlt the
Sow/J Bank. Eafl' and Hit/i
there runs a Hedge about four
Foot high, and three more fuch
Hedges in a parallel Line, and
at eight Foot Difianec are fef

 

ME

Ridges , only the outermoit
Ridge lies to the South unfen-
God, but is in forne Meafure pro-
teeled from the Winds by the
Wall before mentioned.

Thefe four Ridges do not ['0
take up ,the Width of their
Ground, but that there are a-
bout three or four Yards in
Width, and about feventeen in
Length to fpare, which are em-
ployed to lay the Mould, which
is yearly taken from the Rid-
ges with a little Dung, and
laid together to take the proli-
fick Benefit, which the nitrous
and fulphureous Qualities of
Fro/l and Snow do wonderfully
infufe ; the Reafons for this his
Model are. Firit as to the
Hedges 5 that Tea: is allowed to
be the finelt and belt Fence
imaginable, becanfe that it groWs
{'0 thick and cuts fo clofe, that
it fecures againi‘t Winds , and
Will grow to what Height you
pleafe , and is alfo hardy and
durable: Then as to digging away
the Ground lixteen Inches, that
is done to prevent the Beds
lying too high, and {‘0 very dry
in Summer.

And befides, the Dung would
not retain that Moillure with its
Heat ['0 long as is neceffary to
Growth, nor would it other—
Wife have lain to much under
the Wind ; the Hedges (fuppo-
ting the Plants in the Ridges
between to lie nine Inches un—
der them) will fo far break off
the Wind, that the Vines may
be permitted to come from ung
der the Glall‘es much fooner,

,and with more Safety than if

down: Thefe take in threelthere were no fuch Hedges.

t1,

. M; E
He adds, that this Melon Ground
may, be fenc’d with an Hedge
of Reed till the Hedge of Tew
is grown.

33, MEZEREON or DWARF—
‘ BAY.

Dcfcriptiaxj MR. Bradley men-

tions two Sorts
of Mezerean; that with the red
Flower and that with the
white; that With the red Flower
is common, but that with the
white Flower more rare; they
are both Dwarfs, feldom grow-
ing to above the Height of
three Foot, but yet are endued
with two Excellencies , which
make them more valuable than
Trees that are much taller; the
firft is, That their Stalks are a-
dorned with Flowers in jam;-
ary, which remain a long Time
in Blolfom; and the fecond is,
the Odoriferoufnels of their
Scent; they afterwards produce
a beautiful Fruit.

NIr. Mortimer thus defcribes
them; they rife according to
their Age to two, three or four
Foot high, in a Bufh full of
Branches , with whitif/J round
pointed Leaves , which do not
appear, till the Flowers are
paft, which are forne of a pale
Pear/J Colour, fome rm’ and
Others milk white, and fweet
fcented, which are fucceeded by
fmall Berries, which when ripe
are of a delicate red.

Mr. Bradley fays, he has eat
fome of the Barrier, which were
not unpleafant in Tallc, but a—
bout an Hour after he had fwal—
lowed them he found an extra-

, M1

ordinary Heat in his Throat ,
which caus’d ,a violent burning
Pain for about twelve Hours.

Way of Propagationj Mr.
Mortimer fays, the Berries and
Seed: are to be fown as foon
as they are ripe , in Boxes of
good light Earth; or elfe fuch
Earth muft be laid under the
Plants, for the Seedx to fall
into as they ripen, which? mutt
afterwards he covered with the
fame Mould but not too thick.

$017.] A loamy Soil is molt-
proper for them, and the Seed:-
are to be fown in ZlIarc/b, if
they can be fav'd from being
devoured by the Birds, who are
great Lovers of them ; this Plant
is a flow grower, and may be
fet either in Parterre: or Wil-
dernefs Works for its delight—
ful Bloifoms , but chiefly in a
Winter Garden.

34.Mrenoscopu.

A Microfiope is an optical In-

firumcnt , which magnifies
Things cxtreamly, by Means of
which the fmallefl Things may
be difcerned.

35. MILDEW.

MR. Cook tells us, That Mil-

dew is a Dew which is
drawn by the Sun from the
Earth and Herbs, in a dry and
calm Time, and when Herbs are
in their Prime, and want Winds
to fan of their Groflhefls, and
being drawn from Herbs, which
make it thick and fweet, and not
f0 active to afpire, it is moi‘t in
inclofed Grounds and Valleys,

 

and

M I
and in fueh‘ Grounds that lie
tendin to the Eafl, as all Blafi-

ingr inds are. p

' he Reafon he gives, Why
more Grounds which lie from
the Horizon to the E412 are molt
fubjeét to this Dew and to Blafl-
ing,'1nay be the Sun’s drawing
~thefe Vapours towards it, jult as
'a great Fire draws the Air in a
Room to it: So the Sun having
fet thefe in Motion, and not ha-
ving Strength enough to draw
them into the middle Region, to
form them into aCloud, he does
yet draw them ’till he is below
our Horizon ; and then thefe
Dew: tend to the Earth, from
whence they were exhal’d, and
in Motion to the [Va/i“,- do (as it
were )_ ‘ fall upon that Ground
Which lies Eafl‘ward at Right-
Angles ; and therefore is molt
ofi‘enfive to them. .

He fuppofes the Reafon that
Vallies afi‘ord'moreMoifiure than
Hills, is becaufe of the Dew at-
traéled from the Earth and Herbs,
as before ; (and that they do af-
ford more Moifiure than Hills,
is often'feen by the .Mi/lr which
are more frequent on them than
on Hillsz) This being drawn up
by the Sun in the Day-Time, and
wanting Wind to allift its Mor-
tion, hangs in the lower Region,
and when the Sun fets, it falls
upon the Plants with its thick,
claminy Subllance; and hinders
the Sap of the Plant or Tree from
afcending to nourifh its Flowers,
or lllOOt in thofe Whofe Bark is
tender and young, and the Pores
open with the Heat of the Seafon.

He adds, That he has. often
obferv’d in the great-leav’d Cler-

 

 

Mtl'

rier, fuch as‘the Blarerearz, the
Mite-Heart, &c. this Dew to
fall upon them at the Top, jufl:
at the Beginning of Midfummer—
Shoot, which has [‘0 fiopp’d the
Shoot, that it has {hot forth in
other Places below; and that on
the Top of thefe Shoots there
may be many fmall Flies feeding
on this Dew; and that it is plain-
ly to be tailed and fcen on the
Leaves of Oak and Maple.

Mr. Mortimer fays , Th0?
Elite: and Mildew; have been ge—
nerally taken for the fame Thing,
yet Mildew is quite another
Thing than Blot/ling; Mildewr,
being (as fome fay) eaus’d from
the Condenfation of a fat and
moifl Exhalation in a hot and dry
Summer, from the Bloifoms and
Vegetables of the Earth, and alfo
from the Earth itfelf, which is
condeus’d into a fat, glutinous
Matter, by the Coolnefs and Se-
renity of the Air, and falls down
on the Earth again ; part of
which tells upon the Leaves of
the Oak and other Trees that have
finooth Leaves ; and for that
Reafon do not eaiily admit the
Moifiure into them, as the Elm
and other rougher Leaves do.

Other Parts of Mildew tells
upon the Ears and Stalks of
H’lamt, bcf‘potting the Stalks with
a ditl‘erent Colour from the natuj
ral, being of a glutinous Subfiance
by the Heat of the Sun, and f0
binds up the clofe, tender Ears
of I'l’yllt‘tlf, that it prevents the
Growth, and occalions it to be
very light in Harvell. llfilzlewt,
he favs, are the principal Food
of BEcr, being fweet, and cafily
convertible into Horny,

' Dz:

> M I

Dr." dgritala fays, That Mil-
dew often reigns amon Trees,
and is like an Epidemical ifeafe ;
that it does them mofi Hurt in
the Spring, at which Time the
Earth begins to open, and the in-
elos’d Vapours to exhale.‘

Mildew, he fays, is only a cor-
rolive and nipping De-w, which
proceeds from theVapours which
are exhal’d by the Earth, which
being drawn up, and falling-down
again on the tender opening Buds,
infeéts them by its Acrimony,
and hinders the Circulation of
the nutritiVe Sap in the proper
Vefl'els ; whereupon the Leaves
begin to fade, and the Blofl'oms
and Fruit receive a very great
Prejudice.

36. MINERALS.

MINERALS are hardBo-
dies, dug out of the Earth
or Mines, being partly of a me-
talline and partly of a {tony Sub—
fiance, and fometimes with fome
Salt and Sulphur intermix’d with
the other.
37. M I N r.
jl/[I N T is of four divers
Sorts, but the Garden-[Hint

is the befi, and may be multiplied ,
by Runners, which are as it) ma-'

ny Arms that fpring out of its

Tuft, but chiefly by Slip; fer in;

 

-t Tm“,
,.. at

the Shade to dry. Some ‘large
Roots of it may be fet in the
Corners of Hor-beds about No-
vember, in order to have young
Shoots for Winter Sallets.

38. MISLETOE.

M R. Bradley,'fpeaking of the ’

Fruits of Trees being liable
to be adulterated with'the Farina
of others, fays, He knows of
no Plant but the Mifletoe that is
out of that Danger; and tho’ the
Parts of its Flowers are indeed
as apt to Generation as thofe of
other Plants, yet he has never
feen any Variety of this Plant,
or knows any related ’near e-
nough to it to engender'with it.
And that its Leaver, Flowers,
Fruit, and Manner of Growth
are all alike, find it upon what‘
Tree foever, as Lime, Oak, lel—
lo-w, &C.

He obferves thefe Particulari-
ties belonging to it, That it is
neither to be prOpagated in Earth
or Water, but only upon other
Trees or Plants.

That tho’ it was by the Anci-
ents accounted a Super—Plant,
and peculiar to the 04k, and that
tho’ it did feemingly produce
Seed, yet they were of Opinion
that the Seed could not poifibly
be made to vegetate, becaufe (as
he fuppofes ) they try’d it in the
Earth Without Suecefs : Yet he

the Spring of the Year: It oughtfiundertakes to refute their Opi-
always to be remov’d once infinion; and affirms, That it may
three Years, and planted ingbe propagated by Seed upon any
good Earth at about a Foot Di—l Tree Whatfoever; Which may
fiance. When it is about a Foor - be done as follows :
high, it lhould be cut in a dry About Clad/2mg}, when the
Day, and hung up in Bunches in Berries are full ripe, you may
eafily

eafily make them (lick upon the
fmooth Bark of whatfoever Tree
you have a Mind to propagate
[them upon, whether Apple, A/lz,
Currant, Elm, Goofeberr , Pear,
Plumb, 04k, Rafi, &C. find that
the vifcous Juice, which encom‘
pail‘es each Seed, will make it
adhere fall to the Place you place
it upon ; and provided the Birds
do not devour the Seeds, you
might without any further Trou-
bleexpeét young Plants the next
,Yeir. '

He afl‘erts, he has feen Twenty

Plants ot‘Mg/letae in one Gar-
den, growing upon as many dif-
ferent forts of Trees and Shrubs,
which were propagated after the
’foremention’d Manner.
, And he is of Opinion, It
would be very ufeful for the
Correcting the too great Vigour
of form F ruit-Trees, and bring
them to bear, by taking from
them the fuperabundant Juices,
which are always deftruétive to
Prolificity, either in Plants or
Animals.

He adds, That Myzetoe is not
only an Ever—green, but even
grows, and ripens its Fruit :1
long Time after the Tree it
grows upon fllCdS its Leaves.

39. Mom, or WILD GARLICK.
F this Plant there are feveral

Kinds, Which Mr. [Worm/cert
enumerates as followeth:

Various Kindle] The fVIoly of

Homer, the ill-alt! of Dig/target,
the [Margarine Malt, the Indian
M91}, CllC Sripcmr [1105, the Spa—
nilh r’nrplc Molt, the Spanilh
Silver - aszd glitz/(V, the flare:

 

. M O _
MM): of‘ Montpelier, the Tallow
Moly, &c. .

Monf. Liger diflinguilhes them
into Two forts; the Moly with
broad Leaves, and that with nar-«

.row Leaves: The Moly with

broad Leaves cqmprehends the
African Mo/y, whofe Flower-is
red, and falls downwards like
the Tops of Fennel : The Moi};
whol‘e Leaves are wane, and
its Flowers like a Lily : The
Moly with red Flowers: The
Indian Mel}, and the Spaflifl]
Moly with broad Leaves“ And
he thus defcribes the Plants.

Defi‘riptionJ This Plant from
its Root ihoots forth five Leaves,
green, thick, and pointed at the
End, about :1 Foot and half long,
and three Inches broad : Befides
thefe Leaves it {hoots forth a Stem
three or four Foot high, 'which
at the Top bears Flowers either
red, white, 8:. whofe Leaves fall
down like the Tops of Fennel.
In the Middle of thefe Flowers
grows a Style, Which in Time
becomes a longiih Fruit, divided
into three Cells, in which are
contain’d a black Onion like
Seed.

Propagation] IVIr. [Mortimer
flys, they are hardy, and will
thrive in any Soil.

Monf. Lifer fuys, the molt
expeditious \Vay of Multiplying
them, is by their Bulbs, which
are aptto {hoot forth dcep Roots,
and therefore they mull be torn
oi? every two Years, that you
may have Suckers to multiply
them by.

Culture] Mr. .More‘imer fays,
their Roots are tender, and mutt
be carefully defended from the

. Fruits.-

MO

F rolls. They lofe their Fibres,
and mutt be taken up when the
Stalks are dry, and the biggell
Roots mull be preferved to fet
again, all the fmall Ofijiet: being

thrown away, with which many.

of them are apt to be pelleted,
efpecially if they {land long un-
remov’d. The 1"on of Homer
and all the refi flower ’in May
and continue till yuly, except
the M61)! of Montpelier, WhiCh
flowers late in September; they
make an agreeable Figure in a
Flower Garden , they may be
fer, either in the naked Ground
or in Pots.

4o. MONOPETALOUS.

ONOPETALOUS Flowers

are fuch, which altho’ they
are feemingly cut into four or
five fmall Pctala or Leaves, are
yet all of one Piece, and which
falling ofl“ altogether have their
Flower in one Piece.

4.1. MONOPYRENEOUS.

ONOPTRENEOUS Fruit

is fuch Fruit of a Plant,
as contains in it only one Ker-
m’l or Seed.

2.MO.\IT1GENOUS.

MONTIGENOUS fignifies
‘ produced on the Moun—
rains.

43. Mossrs,
[Ly/1235.55, lays Mr. Bmd-

ley, are no let's perl'Lc‘r

Pl 21:5: than (no: or other of the

 

M a

moll remarkable Tree's ; they have
Roan, Branches, 'Lemm, Flo-w;
er: and Fruit, as Well as the
moi’t notablePlant. It is, he
fays, likewife obfervable, that l'e-'
veral Kinds of MW: grow in
England only in the Winter ,
and begin to decay at the leaf},
Approach of warm Weather ,
and at the Beginning Of our
Summer Decay , and are en-
tirely at a Stand, which is a plain
Demonflration , that there are,
Plants that grow in certain De-
grees of Cold (as it is call’d) as
well as Heat. He adds, he has
heard, that the colder Climates
abound with -MoflZ’: , and that
the more towards the North,
they grow the larger and in
greater Quantities , and that in
the Nortb Parts of Mufoooy
they ferve for Food for the
Raio- Deer. And that he once
faw a Plant brought from about
Nor-way, which grew in fixry
five or fixty fix Degrees, which
budded out in December, and
continued growing till the Mart/.7
following.

Mr. M'ortz'mer fays , « Ilfoj}
growing on Trees is of feve-
ral Sorts, cold and moif’t Ground
produces a long lhaggy Maj};
moilt and dry Ground a lhort
thick Aloft.

He reckons Maj} among the
Infirmities or Difeafes of Trees,
and fays, that it ought to be
rubb’d and fcrap’d 011“ with
form fit Infirument , that will
not hurt the Bark of the Tree,
or with a Piece of flair-Cloth
after a foaking Rain,-

 

(Mo

, But he fays, the moft certain ‘

Way to, cure it, is to, take away
the Caufe," which is done, by
draining the Land well from
all fuperfluous Water, and to
~ prevent it in the fitft planting
of Trees by not fetting them
too deep. .

But if the _Mo: grows in
great Quantity and long, fo as
to fmother‘ the Branches of
Trees, he advifes to prune ofl‘
- ghe greatefl Part of the Bran-
“ehes, and to clear the tell of
the Mof: or to take off all the
Head, and the Tree Will fhoot
' again, and become as it were
young.

If this Moflinefs on Trees
proceeds from the Drynefs of
the Ground, he advifes to open
it and lay Mud on it, which
will both cool it and alfo pre-
vent the falling of the Fruit,
and its being Worm eaten ,
which is incident to dry Grounds.

Doétor Agricola fays, that for
his Satisfaélion, he carefully ex-
amined all Sorts of Mofr , as
well that of Oak as what grows
upon the Slog-Tree; and alfo
forne of the fungous Tribe, and
found upon a finall Branch of
a Sloe-Tree,which was half rot-
ten, a young Plant of Mofr
fprouting forth in tender Shoots,
like fine Hairs curling one in-
to another, from hence he con-
cluded, that fince the Sloe-Tree,
which was half rOtten and co-
vercd nvith Mofr, was yet up-
on its natural Root, this Maj}
mull necelfarily have been pro-
duced from the putrid Sap, and
lickly Spirits of the Tree.

 

IMO

He therefore reckons My}
among the Difiempers of Trees,
for that we very rarely fee
Maj} on a young Tree, that is
frelh and found; fuch a Tree
is already infeé‘ted with acor-
rupt nutritive Juice, and will
foon begin to decay; for the
Maj} has its Roots , and muft
necefl'arily draw its Nourilh-
ment from a tainted Juice;
therefore Care ought to be ta;
ken of fuch Trees left they re—
ceive Damage by the filaflr.
Monf. Gmtil fays, M'ofr is
apt to fpoil the Rind of Trees,
the Remedy is to take it off
from Time to Time in Azt-
tumn, either with a wooden
Knife or with Brulhes made for
that Purpofe. And the proper
Time to do this is in rainy
Weather. , >

44.. MOTHERWORT or MATRx-
CARIA.

HIS Plant takes its Name

Matricaria from Matrix the
Womb, and Mother-wort in En-
glilh, being of fovereign Ufc ,
againfi Difiempers incident to
the Womb.

This Plant fhoots out Stalks
about two Foot high , which
are divided into fever-.11 Bran-
ches adorn’d with large green
Leaves deeply indented, and jag-
ged at the Edges. At the End
of the Stalks grow Flowers,
like Sun-beams, the Diih of
which is compos’d of fevcral
Flourilhes, Whole Superficics re-
prefents the Shape of aCrown
of half Flourilhes; fupported
on Embryos , and contained in

a Calix

M O
in Cali: orx Cup, fealy and half
round, thefe Embryos in Time
become oblong Seedr.

This Plant is raifed by Seed:
or parting of the Roots. It
flowers moft in the Stumner
Months, and tho’ the Stalks
and Leaves perilh in Winter,
the Root endures.

45. MOULD.

MOULDS may be known
by the Sight, Smell, and
Touch,
Firfl, By the Sight, Moulds
of a lively Chefmtt Colour are

the belt, of which Colour the:

M 0'

[22' e , or more harm, gritty,
p533 or friable: That being
always belt that is between the
two Exrremes, and does not
contain the two difierent Qua-
lities of foft or hard mix’d, of
moift and dry, of churliih and
mild; that is neither too unclu-
ous nor too clean, but fuch as
will ealily diflblve, of a juit
Confifience betWeen Sand and
Clay, and fuch as will nor flick
to the Spade 0* Fingers upon
every F lath ofRain.

Mr. Eve/1172 fays, that is
the belt Earth that 15 or a black-

 

i/IJ 1272,11;th Mr. Swzmer fays,
that w hicb 1s of a lively C/cpm‘ or

befi Loam: are, and alfo the'Hazle Colour, which cuts like
belt natural Earths next to that Butter, and does not flick ob-
dark Grey: and Ruflet: The ltinately, but' is fho1t,to1erably
light and dark 24/]: Colour are'light, breaking into finall Clods,
the very worft, as being fuchlis tweet, will be tempered, Wi-
as are found 011 common hea—' thont ct11fii1‘9, or chapping in
thy Ground: The clear tawny dry Weathel , or turning to
is by no Means commendable; Mortar in V17 ct ‘

but the yellow/I: Red 15 the worfl A Loam or Brick Mould he
of all ,they are commonly found1appproves, as requiring little
in the Wild and wafie Parts of H-1p or Iziiprovement but the
the Country , and commonly :1 ~made, and is in d‘veem both by
produce nothing but 6072, F2272, lthe Gardener and 1‘101il‘t. See
or F2772, as their Borroms are Bart/2:

more or lefs of a [2;g M and
flmdy, or ot a fpcwy Craze] or
61221 2y Nature.

Secondly, By the Smell; all
"good and wholefome Lands will
after R1i11, or breaking up by
the Spade emi: a good Smell

772272117,By then .‘Tozzm; by
this Means we may difcover
Whether it connfis ot Subf’tan-
ees intirely arenaceous or clam-
my, or according as it is ex-
'prefi‘ed by Mr 127221172, whether
it be tenem, fatty , 2122227317”, or

VOL. II.

46. MUC1LAGE1

MUG IL A G E is a vil‘cons;
clammy Subflance about

Jam’s, 6:6,

47. Much‘AGino‘Us.
UCILAGINOUS‘ is endow-

ed With a clammy, viicous
Matter.

 

48. MUL~

M U
48. MULBERRY—TREE.

E have two Sorts of M12]-
berrier the black and the
wbite, the black is the moil: com;
mon in England, a flow groW-
er, and chiefly famous for its
Fruit , it is a catking bearing
Tree , producing male and fe-
male BloIl'oms at the fame
Time ; and forne have obfetved
that it never Buds till the Wea-
therbe fettled warm. . .
The White Mulberry-Tree is a
quick grower, but it has a
finall inIipid Fruit, but having
a fr‘noother Leaf, it is much
to be preferred for its uferul-
nets for Silk— —VVorms, in that
it buds near a Fortnight I'oo'ner

. than the black, and the Leaves

are finer and tenderer for them
when young. -Mr. Mortimer

’fays, the «white .Mullverry is much

the finer, being f0 called, be-
caufe the Fruit is of a paler
Colour, more lufcious and lef-
fer than the Mae/r, the Rind
likewife is whiter and the Leaves
of a mealy clear green Colour.
It is a beautiful Tree for \Valks
and Avenues, and alibi-d5 a fine
Ornament to the Silk Country7
where they plant them in Walks
or regular Groves about their
Fields.

Nit. flfortimer advifCS to in
oculate the black filed/Jerry, or
to graft it by approach upon the
Stocks of the white [PL-115301
which ‘ grows Itrait , and will
make a handfome Tree very
quickly. And his Reafon is,
becaufe he hardly ever faw a
Want Mlzlézt’i‘ryrZ—i‘ce , With a

draft

M U ,-
Stem of any good
Height; nor does he think the
common Way of ra1I‘ ng them
Would ever produce any better
than he has feen. But is well
afi’ured, that this Way Would
do’ much better than raifing,ei—
ther by Seed, as I‘ome have prac-
tiI‘ed, or. by Layere, as is the
mofl common Way

AS for the white Mulberry,
Mr. Evelyn firys, in thofe Coun—
t1ies where they cultivate them
for Silk-VVor-ms, they fcparate
the Seed: from the Berries, be~
ing gathered thorough ripe, and'
bruife them in their Hands, and
afterWards wth them in fevera‘l
Waters, by doing which the Pulp
I‘wims on the Top , and the
Seed, which is final]; Iinks to‘
the Bottom 5 then they take off
the Pulp, take out the Seedr,
and lay them on a Linen-Cloth,
and dry .them, which will be
done fufiiciently in an Hour’s
Time.

But Mr. Ezvelyn himI‘elfpre—
fers the towing of the ripe
rilzrlberrier themfelves in rich,
black Garden Mould, the Mul—
lzerricr being firIl bruifed or
I‘qualhed ; they are to be watered
immediately uponotheir firIl be-
ing fown, but afterwards but
very rarely, till they begin to
appear ; that after they are {own
they muIt be covered thin with
Straw to defend them from
the Birds and the 'Hear.

The‘ Seafon of Ibwing them?
is with Ibme either April 01'
film, but forne do it in }zzly,
111131:sz or Septemxr ; keep
them moderately Iheltered and

 

clean Weeded tor two Yzeirs,
and

.7 "W"’ ' "V .v

M U . , M U

and either 'in Oéloler or E’- Head on them, but the Head
bruary draw them up gently, mutt not be cut oil".
dip the Roots in Water, and ‘They love a light, dry, rich
to tranfplant them into a warm Mould, which will be f0 much
Place of a Nurfery, having cut the better, if it' be well ma—
them within three Inches of nured with Allies or Horfc—
the Ground,and given them three Dung, and they will thrive the
Dreflings or half Diggings in better for being expofed to the
April, 3am: and Augu/l to kill Sun and the Air ; the belt Time
the Weeds; for Tranfplanting is in Septem-

In the fecond Year they éer or Oéloéer, when they are
purge them of fuperfluous Bran- about five Years Growth, they
'ches, but fparethe principal Stem, ought to be carefully taken
and if the Frofi injures any Up, and as few of the Roots
Part of that, they cut it off. lhould be cut as can be, and

Tho’ this way of railing them if there be any Branches dry
may do well in hot Countries, Or hurt with the Frol’t, they
Mr. Mortimer rather approves are to be cut ofl“, and ‘forvthe ‘
of the railing them of Layer: firfi Year or two after they are
from another Tree, or Sucker: tranfplanted, you will do well
from the Root, in February, to thin the Branches a little,
and to fer them not leaving where they grow too thick, and
above two Buds out of the it will greatly- improve them to
Ground, which if they be well dig and fiir the Earth about
watered and weeded will be their Roots.
Well rooted in two Years. Mr. Bradley lays, the white

Dr. Bea! fays, that they may Mulderry may be encreafed ei-
bc grafted on the Mark Mil/[Jerry thet‘ by Seed: [own in Marc/J,
in the Spring, or inoculated in which will fprout in about three
3:11}. The Cyom lhould be ta- Weeks after fowing, and be _
ken off an old Tree, that bears near fix Inches high the firit
broad even Leaves, which is Summer, or laying the youn-
chiefly to be confidered in the-gel} Shoots into the Earth at
"white Alzrléerfy, they being the'that Time, which will be _ fit
molt ufeful Part of the Tree. to take ofi‘ the Spring after'
, The white .Mulécrry beinga they are laid into the Earth.
more tender Tree than the He informs us, That he
élacrt;'the belt Time for Tranf—;ha$ heard of a Man near U-
planting it, is February, whenirrec/at, who has lately begun
it fhould both be planted whileithe Trade of Silk, and in the
it is young and ina rich Soil,iYear 1718, as he has heard
and be kept Well waterednfrom good Hands, made ten or
When you remove them, theior twelve Bales of Silk from
Branches mufi be trimmed up.his own Worms He is of opi-
fo- as to leave but a fmall nion,if Silk—Worms were more
' regarded in England, they would

D a thrive

\

 

 

M U

thrive as well as they do in
Italy, ‘where they are fubjeét to
To many Hazards , and efpeci-
ally to be fpoiled by the vio-
lent Thunder, which is very
frequent in thofe Parts; where
no Man is certain of a good
Silk Harvefi till the Worms
have aétually fpun their Silk;
for if Thunder happens to come
juit when the Worms are go-
ing to fpin, they will immedi-
ately drop and infallibly perifh.
He therefore thinks it Worth
the While to make the Expe-
riment, whether firing of Guns
near \fuch Trees, as are infclied
with Caterpillars, would not de-
flroy .them likewii'e.

Mt. Mortimer fays, the Leaves
befi for Silk—VVorms, are thofe
of Trees about feven or eight
Years Growth, for the Leaves
of young Trees are apt to burfi
the Worms, as alib'do thofe
planted in a wateriih Soil, and
thofe that are tick and yellow.

He fays, the Leaves {hould
be clipped ofl“ and let drop on
:1 Sheet or Blanket, which is
better than gathering them with
the Hand, which is better than
to flip them oli, hecaule it both
_ bruifes the Leaves and galls the
Branches.

.If there be a Necefiity to
gather the Leavcs in wet Wea-
ther; he advii‘es to put them
into a pair ot‘Sheets well dry’d
by the hire, and to finite them
up and down till the Moiliurc
be drunk up by the Linen. The
Top Leaves and the oldeft
i‘hould be gathered lai‘r, being
the molt proper to feed the

 

a . . M U
Worms towards their fpinnifig
Time.

Mr. Bradley fays, the black
Mulberry ought to be planted
in the Shade to prevent its
Fruit from falling, which it is
very apt to do, if it be full
expofed to the Sun. It has been
an Obfervation that form: haVe
made, that the Berries of thefe
Trees grow extraordinary large
if they are planted and treated
in the Manner of Efpalicrr a—
gainlt a Wall fituate to the
Nerf/J.

The 1.077170 flirt/berry, thO’ it
bears but a finall Fruit, and
fcarcely worth the Care ofpro—
pagating, on that Account, yet
is very advantageous on Ac-

count ot" its Leaves , for the
feeding of Silk—“forms.
He fays , he has been in—

formed by aFriend,’ That both
the Mack and white Mztléer‘ry
may be inoculated upon the
Elm with good Succefs, and
that the Buds will take up-
on the Lime 0r Lindeiz—Tree,
and bear better than upon the
E/m.

He remarks, That mofi
of the large figzrl/J‘trrJv-‘Treer,
that are now growing in or
about Lei/don and life/linin-

'flcr, were planted in the Reign

of King :Yimzcr the Firfi, on
Account of ferting up a Silk-
Manufitélare in Ear-143d, that
Prince having Written a Letter
to the Lords Lieutenants of the
fever-in Shires of Eizghnd , for
the increaling of frlzv/[mrry-Tretr,
and the breeding of Silk—“forms,
which was then thought would
inrich the Nation. If this‘ i‘via-

nailie'tute

MU

nufaé‘ture were now heartily fet
about it would be very bene-
ficial to the Publick, and em-
ploy a great many Hands which
now want Employment.

49. MuLLl-zrns,

THERE are many Kinds of
Mulleim' bearing Flowers of
different Colours , fome white,
'others red, brawn, Mack, green,
purple, and yellow , they are
a large Plant, few of them blof—
foming lower than four Foot ,
and fome of them fix Foot high;
and tho’ they are mol‘t of them
wild Plants, yet the beautiful
Spikes of Flowers, they pro-
duce, render them worthy to
be Companions with others in
a Flower-Garden: They love a
fandy Soil and a ihady Situa-
tion, are to be multiplyed by
Seed: fOWn in Autumn, or
March, they bloffom the fecond
Year after lowing.

so. MULTISILIQUOUS.
M ULTISILIQUOUS Plants

are fuch as have after each
Flo'wer, many difiinét , long ,
fiender, and many times croo-
ked Cafes or filiqzm, in which
their Seed is contained; and
which, when they ripen, open
of themfelves, and let the Seed:
drop : Of this Kind is the Bear;-
foaz‘, C olumlzinet, Common firm/e-
leek, Mar/l7 , Marygold , Navel—
wort, Orpine, &c.

51. MUMMY, or Grafling-V‘Vax.
DR. flgrieola direfis the Pre-

paring of it as follows:
Take one Pound of common

 

M U
black Pitrla, and a Quarter of a
Pound of common Tarpem‘ine;
put them together in an earthen
Pot, and fet them on Fire in the
open Air, having fomething in
yOur Hand ready to cover and
quench it in Time ; cover thus
the Pot feveral Times, and kin-
dle it again, that the nitrous and
volatile Parts may evaporate.
The Way to know when it is
enough, is, by pouring a little of
it upon a Pewrcr-Plate, and if it
be enough it will coagulate pre-
fently ; then pour this melted
Pitt/2 into another Pot, and add
to it a little common hVex; mix
them well together, and keep it
for Ufe.

The 1174)) of Ufing it] He di-
reé‘ts, That when you would
drefs Roots with this Wax, to
melt it, and afterwards to let it
cool a little, and then to dip in
the two Ends of the Pieces of
Root one after another, but not
too deep, and afterwards to put
them in Water, and to plant
them in the Earth, the finall End
downwards, ['0 that the larger
End may appear a little Way out
of the Earth, and f0 have the
Benefit of the Air; then to prel‘s
the Earth very hard down about
them, that they may not receive
too much Wet, hecaufe that
would rot them. He tells ‘us,
that he beats down the Earth with
a wooden Mallet : And thus he
treats the Roots of all wild and
foreign Trees and Flowers, as
well as others.

He alfo gives Direétions for
making a better kind of \Vax for
tender Trees ; which he calls
the Nat/e Grzz‘Qeg-H’ax.

:a TI):

M‘U
; Tbe Noble Grafing-Wax.

Take two Pounds of pure
Pitcb, fuch as is call’d at Ratif-
bon, Virgin-Pitcb, and add to it
Half a Pound of good Turpen-
tine; put them together in an
earthen Pot, and fet them over
the Fire, that the volatile Part
of the Turpentine may evaporate,
otherwife it would be very pre-
judicial to Tree: and Roots.
Prove it as you did the other, to
know when it is enough; and
then add to it Half a Pound of
Virgin—Wax, and Half an Ounce
of pounded Myrrb and filoer:
When thefe are well mixt, make
it up into little Rolls, or elfe
Plaifiers, that is, dip Linnen Rags
pin it; or elfe you may keep it
y in Gallipots.

Tbe Time when tbir Operation
upon Root: it to be perform’d.)
Tho’ it will fueceed well at any
Seafon of the Year, yet he ac-
counts the Months of September,
Oéfober or November the molt
proper Seafons for it. The only
Difference, he lays, is, what is
planted in Spring will lhoot in
yum or Huly; and what is plant-
ed in Autumn comes not forth
’till the Month of April.

A Mummy for Exoticb Plants.

Take Half :1 Pound of Gum-
topul, beat it very fine, and fearce
it ; take three Pound of Venice-
Turpentine, and melt it over a
{low Fire in a firong earthen
Pot; when the Turpentine is
melted and liquidated, put the

 

MU

continually flit-ring with a little
Stick, augmenting the Fire gra--
dually and it will all dilfolve
infenfibly ; afterwards let the
Turpentine evaporate well, and
it will thicken; and when it is
become of a fuflicient Confifi-
ence, you may make it up into
little Rolls like Sealing-Wax, and
keep it for Ufe. ‘

Some Tbing: to be obfer’z’ed in
making z‘be Mummy] 1; It is
better to make it in the open Air
than in a Houfe, for Fear of
Danger. 2. You {hould have
fomething ready in your Hand
to extinguifh the Flame, if the
Turpentine takes Fire : Tho’ he
fays, he has often fet it on Fire
on purpofe, and has kept flirting--
it about ’till he has almolt
quenched the Flame, and by this
Method it was the fooner brought
to a Confifience; but then at the
fame, Time it turned it black,
but that was no Prejudice to it,
and on fome Occafions was
more ufeful to him , than if it
had been clear. '

This IVIurnmy, he fays, is an
excellent Vulnerary; for it is
fubjeét to no Corruption, as o-
ther gummy Things are; and it
hinders any Rottennefs between
the Stock and the Root, by h/Ieans
of which the Cullu; is form’d the
fooner, and fpreads over all the
Parts, and the Stock becomes in~
tirely connected With the Roof. :
It alfo gives Strength and Vigour
to the Root, and facilitates its
Growth. '

Vegetable [Hun/may.

Fill a large Kettle or earthen

fifird- Gum into it, and keep it For about a third Part full ot‘

C 0111111011

. ' "'\';»r—§r «1“ng vrv

MU

common black Pitch, and add to
it a little fine Rafi» or fulphura-
red Pitch, and a littlé‘ yellow-
lex 5 melt thefe together ’till
they become liquid; then take
them ofl‘ the‘Fire, and let them
(land ’rill they have done Smoak-
ing, and When it is cool you
may with a Brufh plaifter the
Incifions which‘ are made for
Inoculation, Grafling, fife.

777:: Garden or Forefl Mummy.

Take three Pounds of common
Turpentine, and four Pounds of
common Pitch; melt the Tar-
pentine over the Fire, as is di-
rected concerning the Noble
Mummy; then the Piteb being
beaten to a fine Powder, throw
it in, and when they are well
mix’d together, and the Compo-
iition is grown pretty thick, take
it off, and keep it for Ufe.

This Compofition may be ei-
ther made up into little Sticks,
like thofe of Sealing-Wax, to
be made Ufe of on little Trees ;
,or it may be kept in Pots, and
melted over a flow Fire when
there is occafion to ufe it ; and
dipping a little Brufh in it, you
may plaifier the Grafi‘. ‘

More as to the Ufe of thefe
in Planting and Grafling may be
feen under various other Arti-
cles.

The MUSCIPULA, or
CATCH-F LIE.

52.

HIS Plant is call’d Catch-

Flz'e, becaufe Flies are often
caught in the Gum that proceeds
from the Stalk of it, which is as
[fishing as Bird-lime. ' ‘ '

 

M U . .

This Plant {hoots forth Stalks
about a Foot and Half high,
which are fmall , round and
tough , and fprout out feveral
Sprigs: The Leaves are broad
at Bottom, lharp at Top, and .
when they flrfl come out, Wind ’
about the Sprigs, which Sprigs,
at their Ends, produce fweet-
fcented red Flowers, compos’d
of feveral Leaves, and are often
in the Shape of a Heart; to
which are join’d two or three
Leaves like a Crown which
grow out of a Calz’x or Cup, in
the Form of aPipe, which grows
to be a Fruit, opening at the
Top; in which are contained
little, roundith Seeds, which
when they are ripe, are reddifi.

It loves the fame Soil, and
requires the fame Management
as the Lyebm‘r, of which it is a
fort of ‘Species. See Lyelmz'r.
It is very ornamental in a Par:-
terre. V

.53. Muscosnr.
MUSCOSITT fignifles
Mofliizefi.

54. Muscous,

MUS C 0 U3 fignifies flfofil,
or abounding with Maj}.

5;. Musuaooats.

R. Bradley fays, That by

the Obl‘ervations he has

made concerning the natural
Produce of [Wu/broom, it feems
to him, that they are produc’d by
fome Putrefaétion in the Earth,
or in thofe Bodies they are apt to
D 4, ' grow

M \U

crow upon. That he has obferv’d
in England an Hundred Kinds,
befides thofe very fmall ones
growing in the Mouldinefs of
Fruit and Liquors, which are [‘0
fmall that they cannot be dif-
cern’d without the Help of a
Mimi/”cope; which lafl: are fuch
quick Growers, that they arrive
at Perfection in lefs than twelve
Hours; and by fhedding their
Seeds produce feveral Hundreds
of the fame Kind ; from whence
it comes to pafs, if once it infeéts
them, Mouldinefs foon over-
fpreads thofe Bodies.

Of all thefe Sorts, he corn-
mends the jlforilr, Tmfller and
Cbampigniom : The [Kori]; and
Trufier are found but in few
Places in England; tho’, he fays,
he is apt to believe they are .as
plentiful with us as Cbampigniom
are, which grow plentifully With-
out Culture. The true Cbam-
pigm'ofl he thus defcribes :

It has its Flefh very White, firl’t
appearing like a Button, with a
Foot-Stalk growing to it; the
Chives within it are of a F leth-
Colour, and as the Cap ot‘ it
explains itfelf, thofe Chives be.
come darker by Degrees, and at
length turn black. He fays, he
has feen flame, of the Caps when
they have been fully explain’d,
that have been about fix Inches
over, and of a coniidergble
Thicknefs. This Kind is the
only Sort among the Cap-Maj]:—
roomr, that he recommends for
its Goodnef ; and of thofe only
fuch as are freih and free from
Worms, which are apt to breed
in them, and cl‘pecially in their
Stalks, for they are not account-

MU

'ed Wholefome. Thefe common-

ly grow in rich Failure—Grounds,
after Rain has fallen, about the
latter End of17uly, or in Augufi
or September; yet he thinks it
would turn to good Account, to
raife them in our Gardens : To
do which, Monf. Gentil direéts
as follows :

Provide your felf with a fufii-
cient Quantityof Dung of Wheat-
Straw, but never of Rye-Straw.
This Provifion ought to be mak-
ing from flpril ‘till Augufl; then
lay it in Rows, and tie it toge-
'ther.

In Notieméer, dig up your
Trenches three Foot broad, and
Half :1 Foot deep. Let your
Dung be well mixt, that is, the
excrementitious Part with the
Straw, and throw it into the
Trench two Foot up Ridge:
wife ; over this, lay Earth two
Inches thick, and cover every
Bed with unrotted Litter the
April following, that the excef—
five Heat may not penetrate into
the Beds. When the Dung be--
gins to dry, water it every three
Weeks, if it does not rain.

Water, in which the Peels,
Stalks and Rcfufe of [Wu/broom:
have been newly boil’d, pour’d
on hot, is belt.

Morilr, Mr. Bradley fays, are~

 

to be found in the Woods chiefly
in zipril.

Tape“, he fays, he does not
know of any that have been pro—
pagated by Art, but are to be
dug out of the Ground, for they
never appear above Ground; and
they are alfo to be found in A’-
pril. He fitys, that he can learn

 

but one Way that they that gm
'tht‘l‘

-- ~51," ,,‘,__, '1‘. 7-“.
v

M U

ther Mari]: in Foreign Countries
have to find them; that is, They
lead a Hog in a String through
the Woods, and fufer him to
root up the Earth as he goes
along, and the Hog being a great
Devourer of them, ‘ will difcover
them by the Smell, and turn
them out of the Ground.

It is common to fee Mu/IJ-
roomr in the 1121mm» Seafon ap-
.pear naturally upon Hot—beds
that have been ill made; but
thefe Beds are unconftant, giving
only a few for a lhort Space:
But if thefe Beds were rightly
difpos’d and ordered according
to Art, they might be had at
Pleafure in any Seafon.

He fays , Whereas he has
taken Notice of the Way of
making Mu/Iaroom-Bedr, about
Paris in France, where there are
always to be found feveral Acres
of thefe Beds ; the Method is to
make each Bed at twice, and
only pure Stone-Horl'e Dung is
to be ufed ; each Parcel Inuit be
tofs’d up in a dry Place fifteen
Days before it is ufed, and mail
(during that Time) be kept with-
Out Wet ; which, if it be not
taken Care that it is 1'0 , no
good Succefs can be hop’d for,
for this Reafon : For by this
NIethod of making the Bed at
twice, the Bed at the fame Time
eonfills of two different Heats :
The firft Part begins to decline
in its Heat by that Time it has
been made fifteen Days ; then
f’reih Dung being laid upon it,
it increafes its Heat as the firfi
Part declines, which will afibrd
much fuch another changeable
Variety as is to be found in that

 

MU

Seafon when _Mu/braomr appear
of their own accord : And it-is
fuch an Irregularity of Seafon
which enlivens the Seed or
Spawn of the Mag/broom, which
is already in the Ground.

When this Bed is quite made,
it mutt not be covered above an
Inch thick with fine Earth; for
if it be any thicker, the Mafia-
roomr, when they come .up ,
will be both fmall and watery,
and efpecially if the Earth be ve—
ry (tiff; but if the Earth be very
light and open, it will not do
much Harm, if it be laid a little
more than an Inch thick.

The French Gardeners, when
they make freih Muflaroom—Bedx
every Month, they put into the
Earth Pieces of the Mu/broom-
Eart/a, about the Bignefs of Wal-
nuts, jufi in the Line where the
two Makings of the two Beds
join; for it is in fuch a Place;
Where the HIx/hroom-Earth, i. e.
that which is full of the little
white Strings and Bulbs of the
Muflarooms meet, with the de-.
clining and decreafing Heat, that
is ['0 necefl'ary for making of
them fpread and grow: And be-
fides this, the Horfe—Litter, which
covers the Bed, does alfo contri-
bute to the retaining the Vapour
arifing from the Bed ; and does
in fome meafure imitate What
we call a Fog. And moreover,
it only admits a glimmering Sun
to reach the young Buttons of
the Mu/Iyroams ; for too much
Sun will dry the young Maj/a-
roomr and {top their Growth,
whereas too little will caufe
them to rot; therefore it is ne-
cellary that the Litter which the

' Beds

M» U
Beds be covered with, {hould be
clear from all Dung, and be laid
very light and free upon the Bed.

Thefe Beds are not to be made
flat at the Top, for a Mil/broom
. does not like that Pofition, for
it holds Water too much, and
that rots them ; but they delight

in the Side of a Slope, ,
’ After the. Bed has been planted
two'or three Days with Maj/:-
room-Eartb, it mull be examined
every Day; becaui‘e if any M147]-
. room: that come up, are fuflercd
to rot upon the Ground,rthey
breed Maggots or Worms, which
Will dei’troy all the young Spawn
or Buttons in the Bed; and the
Litter being kept light and open
upon the Beds will promote the
Growth of the Mzt/lJrooms.

If the Courfe of the Fibres of
the Maflirooms be examined,
there Will be found Knots or
Knobs joining to the Strings of
the Roots, each Knot being a-
bout the Bignefs of the Head of
a Pin, running juit under the
Surface, after the Manner of the
Roots of Potatoes; and if the
Bed has any Heat, thefe Knots
will in a few Days Time come
to be Majbrobmr fit to gather.
And none of them mull; be let
remain upon the Bed after they
begin to fpread ; for if they are,
they breed Worms, which will
deftroy all the young ones.

" In like Manner, when you ga~
ther them, you mni’t take Care
that all the broken Parts of the
Mu/broomr be taken away, and
in particular every Stalk that is
broken, for the Worms attack
them the tirll. \V'nen they are

 

either gathered or pulled out of.

MU

the Ground, if there be any fmall
Spawn about the Roots, it mull
be feparated from the Root, and
planted immediately in that Par:
of the Bed Where there are the
feweil Mtg/brooms. This Spawn
mull be us’d very gently, to that
it be not bruis’d, and it Will in
a few Days, according as the
Heat of the Bed is, grow and
produce [Wu/brooms.

When in Amumn any of the
Maj/erm—EdN/y is planted on
old, decay’d Beds, it will be
about ten or fifteen Days before
they appear : And as foon as the
Roots begin to fpread and be full
of Knots, then fome Pieces of
that Earth may be broken oil,
and planted at a Foot Diltance ;
and by'this Means the Whole
Bed will in a little Time be con
vered with them. - .-

Mr. Bradley fays, By _ the
’foregoing Method he has had a
Whole Bed full in fifteen Days
Time, tho’ the Bed has been
quite without Heat; but then it
was at a Seaibil when they have
come up naturally. But no good
Succels can be cxpcSted in plant-
ing them out of Seafon, without
fuch a Hot-bed as he has di—
reeled.

From what has been faid it
does appear, That Illa] rooms do
increai‘e by their Roots, and may
be traniplanted as well as ano—
ther Plant: But Whether it has
Seed or not, it is yet a Queftion°
Beds. after this manner have been
made by the ingenious Mr. Ezz'r-
child, and Mr. W’biffield, at Hox—
for}, whim have had very good
Succcfs. ' ‘ .
’ He

M U

He tells us likewifq That
Hugufl and September are proper
Times to examine the Fields
for Muéhroomxg to procure that
fort of arth that is found about
their Roots, and is full of fine
white Threads, and has Ibme-
times little white Knots appear-
ing here and there in it : For in
this Earth is contain’d what is
neceflary for the producing of
Mufljroomr. This muft be kept
dry ’till it is made Ufe of in the
Illuflwoom— Bedr. The Frem/a
Gardeners every Year fave great
‘Quantities‘of this fort of Earth,
and lay it up in a dry Room in
large Clods, ’till they make Ufe
of it in their Beds: And altho’
they fornetimes keep it for a
Year, yet when it comes to be
buried Half an Inch in the Beds,
being moderately warm, and has
been watered for a few Days, it
puts forth [Wu/brooms.

He fays, His Manner of keep—
ing this Mtt/l/roorrz-Erzrt/a, is, to
put it in a Paper-Bag, and to
keep it in a Room where there
isa Fire; for if any Wet or
Moillure comes to it, it rots
it. .
When Mujbroom — Beds are
made according to Art, every
cubical Bit of Half an Inch Big-
nel's of fuch Earth will furnilh a
Quantity of Mu/braomr which
will fpread their Roots nearetwo
Foot. ' '

56. Musrann.
S of a hot and dry Nature, is

; rais’d of Seed, and will grow
in any fort of dry Soil.

 

MT

57. MYRTLES.

MONS. Liger dcfcribes the
\ [Myrtle as follows : It is a
Shrub, that from its Root fhoots
forth little Branches, garnilh’d
with fmall, green, foft, ihining
and pointed Leaves,‘ amon
Which grow Flowers call’d Peu-
tapelam, or confifiing of five
Leaves, white, odorit‘erous, and
in the Form of a Rafe. Thefe
are fupported by an indented
Cup, which grows to be a Berry
as big as an Olive, with aCrown
on the Top, divided into feveral
Cells full of Seeds, ihap’d like ,
little Kidneys.

Mr. Marttmer difiinguifhes
them into the Broad-leaflet Myra
tie, and the Ntzrro-w-lctw’d Myr-
tle, which are both very odori—
ferous Shrubs; but he ei‘teems
that which afl‘ords Plenty of
double wlvz'te Bloil'oms influ-
tumre, as the belt: And alfo a
fort of Myrtle with a large Leaf,
call’d the SpaniflJ Myrtle, which
will endure all Weathers with-
out Shelter: And another fort
of Myrtle that comes from Ca-
rolina and Virginia, which is the
hardefl of them all ; the Berrier
of which being boil’d, yield a,
Subfiance of .a green Colour,
fweet or pinguid , which they“
there fcum oil, and make Can~
dles with, which do not only
give a clear Light, but a very
agreeable Scent. Thefe will all
endure hard Winters with a very
{lender Defence.

Mr. Bradley diflinguilhes Myr—
tle: as follows ; the Large-[eav’d

Mytler, which are, th€;Nfltmeg

MY

VMyrtle, the Nutmeg Myrtlé With
Variegated Leaves, and that with
the dduble Bloffom, the Orange-
lea'v’d Myrtle, the Portugal Myr-
tle, and the Spani/b laroad-leah’d
Myrtle. ' '

The Smaller-leav’d ZUyrtle: ,
he dillinguiihes into the Bird:—
lmj/t Myrtle, the Box-leav’d ZWyr-
tle, the Rofizmary—leaw’d Myrtle,
the Silver- leav’d Myrtle, ’the
flyme-leav’d Myrtle, and the
Upright IWyrtle, '

All thefe , he fays , are
with Eafe propagated by Cw-
tingr, except the 'Oraizge'Jetw’d
Myrtle, and that with the double
Blolfom, which are much better

‘ increas’d from Layers.

The belt Time for Laying
Ilsvdyrtlet, he lays, is in May, (but

onf. Liger fays in March)
which Layers fliould be only the
youngefi Shoots ; ( Monf. Lz'ger
fays, the firaitefi Branches, and
rhofe whot‘e Rind is fmoothell )
which, after the Earth has been
Well fiirr’d, mull be bent into
the Earth, and often watered,
and they will {trike Root, and
be fit to take ofi" from the Mo-
ther Plant the Spring following :

' But Mont. Liger fays, the Sep-

aember following.

Mr. Bradley hays, If you lay
down Shooré of a Year old,
they will never take Root, with
all the Art that can be ns’d.

As for multiplying them by
Catringx, he advifes alfo, That
they be young and tender, taken
from the Mair/e5 111311131.- That
the Leaves'mult be itripp’d of
[“70 Inches from men Cutting,
and fer in Pots of fine light
Earth, two inches deep, and an

 

MY

Inch one from another, and fre-
quently watered ’till they have
taken Root, which will be about
the latter End of Augufl. Thus
they ought to remain ’till the
fecond Marc/a before they are
tranfplanted into tingle Pots.

Monf. Liger fays, That in
Order to multiply them by Slip:
cut from the Roots, you mutt lay
open the Root of the Myrtle
from whence you defign to take
a Branch ; cut it ofi“ as clofe as
you can, that there may be the
more little Roots about it. _That
this is to be done either Spring
or Fall : That the Pots, they are
planted in, {hould be two Thirds
Kitchin—Garden Soil well fitted,
and one Third Hot~bcd Mould.
I hit. Mortimer fays, Myrtle;~
produc’d from Layers are the
molt hardy ; and thofe .t‘rom
Seeds molt tender : But neither
He, nor Mr. Bradley, nor Monf.
Liger gives Direétions for mul‘
riplying them by Seed.

He fiys, That as to the Caro-
liim 0r [firgmime Myrtle, it
thrives bell near the Sea, and is
rais’d either of Seed; 0r Lzzyerf.
He advil‘es in Planting them,
That they be not too clofe toge-
ther, nor in too moii‘r a Place;
for that thefe will caufe them to
grow mouldy. That they {hould
be trantplnnted in the Spring of
the Year, that they may have
Time to get Root in Summer,
that the Tree may be fupply’d
with Sap l‘ufficient to nourilh it
in Winter. ‘

All agree, That they {hould
be well TWarered. Nlr. Brad/e.
fays, \Vhen they have once got

1 large Roors, they déxight in. W‘a-

ter1

MY

ter, and 010qu be fre uently
refreih’d with it. Mon . Ltger
fays, They mufl be frequently
watered in the Summer, becaufe
the Humidities reétified by the
Heat of the Sun, help Lay-
ers to take Root the fooner.
And Mr. Mortimer rays, lilyrtle:
muff be well watered Summer
and Winter, or elfe they will
not take Root well.

Mr. Bradley fays, The [Myrtle
delights (‘0 much in Moillure,
that he has known a Pot of it
fet in a ihallow Bafon of Water,
on the Infide of a Window, ex-
pos’d t0 the Sam/7, that has thot
above four Times as much in
one Summer, as any that have
flood Abroad ; and has continu-
ed growing at that great Rate
for feveral Years, Without re-
newing the Earth in the Pot, by
only fupplying the Bafon with
frelh \Vater as it wanted; but
the Shoots of this Plant were
very tender.

Monl'. Lz'ger advifes to plant
them in a Place Where the Sun
may come at them, and towa~
ter them often : And fays, you
may know when they want it
by the Fading of the Leaves.

Mr. Bradley fays, ill difpofing
of .Myrtler, or any other Plants
in the Shade, you mufi do it 1'0,
that no other Trees drop upon
them, nor mull they be confin’d
in too clol'e a Place, but have a
free Air both round about them
and above them, or elfe the
Shoots they make will be very
flender and weak.

Monf. Lifer fays, [Wyn/e: na-
turally require the Ufe of the
Shear, and are to be clip: by

 

M Y
Art; and if by any Accident any
of the Branches happen to Wi-
ther, they are to be cut off to the
Quick.

Mr. Bradleydireéts, That a-
bout the middle of April, fuch
old Trees as have been neg-
lected, and haVe thin Heads,
{hould be prun’d about the
Roots, and have f'refh Earth put
to them; and that the Branches
of their Heads {hould be Cut
Within three or four Inches of
the Stem, and Ihould be prun’d
about the Roots; and that by
this Ordering, they will prepare
to lhoot by that Time they
come Abroad ; and if they have
Water and Shade enough, will
make handfome Plants that Sum—
mer.

Mr. Bradley informs us, That
Mr. lV/az'tmz'l fhew’d him fome
Myrtle: that were inarch’d one
upon another, and had taken ve-
ry well: Among thefe, there
were the Strip’d [Myrtle upon
the Plain; the ATzztmeg Myrtle,
upon the Upright; the Large-
lcd‘v’cl Kinds upon the Small;
and the Doaélmlalaflbm’d upon fe~
veral Sorts : \«Vhich brought to
his Mind fome Thoughts he
once had of making a Pyramid.
of fliy'rtler, the Bat‘e of which
i‘nould be 'garnifh’d with the.
é‘pzmifla Bro zrl-leav’d Mantle, to
be follow’d with the Nutmeg;
and next to that the Silver-edg’cl
Myrtle, and upon that the Upw
rig/or Sort, to be fucceeded by

:the Refer/nary and Thyme—leav’d

Kinds, upon which there might
be a Ball of the Dozlr’yle—éloflm’d
lily/file, which would make a
fine Appearance. .
A6

, i N A ,

, At Sit Nicholas Carew’s, at
Bedington, is a Myrtle of the
‘Spanijh .broad-lmv’d Kind, Which
is. above eighteen F oor high, and
fpreads about 45 Foot. ' Mr.
Bradley fays, if to this are join’d
thofe Myrtle: that he has feen
growing in Dame/hire, in the
natural Ground, he cannot fee
any Occafion for any great‘Ufe
"of Fire for thefe Sort of Plants,-
as is common in Green-houl‘es :_
But Plants that are in Pots are
_ much more liable to fufi'er by
the Frofi, than if they were in
the naked Ground ; and the
tnore woody the Plants are, the
more hardy they are.

 

N A
‘1.NAKED—SEEDS.

AKED-SEEDS, are

' fuch’ Seed: of Plants as

" are not inclofed in any
Pod or Cafe.

2. NARCISSUS’S.

‘ xiRCISU ’S

are of diffe—
rent Sorts and feveral Colours ;
fome tingle, fome double,- fome
white, fome yellow, fome large,
fome fmall; and-of all thefe
Sorts fomc are earlier, and forne
are later, and according to their
different Sorts require a difl'e—
tent Culture. ~

{The I ta lian-Narcifius .

This Plant, Monti Lz'gcr fays,
has a yellow Cup and a white

Variom Sorry.)

 

N A'
Flo‘vver‘, it requires to be plan-3
ted in a light Earth, fuch as is
that of a Kitchen-Garden With:
out any Mixture , and in the
open Air. V
Narcijfm’r whether planted in
Compartments or Beds, mul‘t
Rand about four Inches from
one another. They will look
very h’andfomely among Hyzzé
tint/J: and Tulip.

The Narciflhs of Confianti;
nople. .

Defcriptimj Of this Kind
there is a Narcgfl‘m, which
flioOts forth twelve Flowers
With w/aite thick Leaves at the
Top of its Stalk, having other
finaller Flowers of aye/law Co—
lour in the middle, in like
Manner as the Cup.

Soil] It requires‘a light
Earth, fuch as a Kitchen-Gar-
den-Earth without Mixture.

Culture] This is a fine
Flower, but there is fome tron-i
ble about it in opening, el‘peei-
ally when it comes to form‘
its Head; becaufeat that Time
its outward Tunicle is apt to‘
be blafled by Fogs and Colds,
which often caufe it to mifcurry.
In order to prevent this it is
better not to plant it before
the End Of February, and to
keep it from Cold by covering
it in the Night, ‘after it has
begun to lhoot forth its Stalk,
but in the Morning, if the VVeaj
ther is like to prove fair, to
uncover it._

To keep
blow you
Tunicle,

the Flower in
flxould flit the
that contains the

Flmver

www.me.‘ 1-. _. .. w.-.‘_.--,._..R-.

_ N A‘ -
Flower very neatly, this will
affifl it to come forth the foo-
ner, and prevent it from being
fuffocated by its Membranes ,
Which keep it locked up 1:00
' 'clofely.

Thefe Narclflur’: mufi be dif-
planted every Year, and, carried
to fome very dry Place: For
if they were to be left in the
Ground they would (hoot forth
['0 many Suckers, as would 1‘0
Weaken the Plants as to pre-
vent it from blowing.

Mr. Carpenter fays, that he
has had Roots of this Plant
from Genoa, in [March , When
the F lower-Stalks were (hot
three or font Inches long out
of the Bulb, which were plan-
ted both in Pots and Borders,
and alfo in Beds; and that al-
tho’ they had been in their
Pafl‘age to Englrmd flit’fled up
in Chefis for feverzfi‘ Months,
they all flowered very well.

There is befide this another
Narcg'flm that has larger Leaves,
and its Cup of a grcezziflj yel—
low : This Sort requires the
fame Soil with the former, and

i an EXpofure not too much in
the Sun.

The yellow pale .Narczflfiu ,

’ Whole Leaves are commonly

{ parted and curled, grows better

i' in Pots than in the open Ground.

{ It requires a leaner Earth than

t the former, that it may {hoot

t forth but a few Suckers, and

Ifo its Flowers will be the

t fairer. Too great 21 Heat of the

lSun will be injurious to it;
iit requires watering at Times,

1 till its Leaves are quite dryed

i up. If it be planted in a Pot,

"war ‘ _

 

' N A’
it will not be (‘0 liable to 9
Sort of Humidity wherewithfar
§oils abound and is contrary to‘
It.

Tbe Spanifli-Narcifl‘us.

This Narcifl‘m is both doué
ble and tingle, and requires the
fame Soil and Culture with the
yellow Sort. You mull not fail
to difplant them every three
Years,- that the new Produéti—
'ons may be fevered from them;
nor to change their Earth, and
plant them again fix Days af-
ter.

Thefe' two” 1911' Narciflm’r
require , that their Flowers be
not fuffered to be too large
upon their Stalks, left the Bulbs
being drained tOO much of their
Subflance, they fhould languiflf
and die.

The w/Jite Autumnal—Nat;

cillus.

This Plant requires a Iean”
Earth and a finall Quantity of
it, needs not be planted above
two Inches afundcr and three
deep, and does not love too“
much Sun.

The incomparable Narciflhr
that of the Malia, with F low-
ers like a Lily , of a reddilh
pale Colour, and all other Nor—
czflitr’r, Monl'. Lz'gcr fays, in
our Cilmate, require almofi the
fame Culture.

TlJe loiag necked NarcilTus.
This Plant is called Dafl'odil or

Camelr-Nec/e, becaufe of its long
Stalk,

"the more Liberty to enlarge

-a large Stalk of a yeflowiflj red

. N A . .

Stalk, which When charged with
Flowers, refembles the Neck of
a Camel ; this Plant will thrive
bell in a fat Soil; you need
only cover the Bulbs With it, and
throw a little light Earth over
it. It will not bear to be much
e’xpofed to the Sun , becaufe
when it does not blow foon,
the Flower is the moil beau-
tit‘ul.

‘ The Bulb's are to-be feta
Foot deep in the Ground , at
four, Inches dillance one from
the other, that they may have

theml‘elves , and produce finer
Flowers. It requires the fame
Culture as other Narciflm’r, and
mufl be removed once in three
Years.

The Narcillus of Japan.

This is the molt beautiful of
all the Tribe of Narciflur’r.

Of theft: Plants Monf. Liger
reckons three Sorts , Which he
defcribes as follows.

The firl‘t Sort from its Bulb
{hoots forth a finooth Stem a-
bout 3 Foot and half high, as
thick as one’s little Finger ; at
the End of this grows 21 Sort
of Sheath, which when it blows,
produces feveral Cups each fuil-
aining a Flower like :1 Lily,
compol‘ed of fix radiated croo-
ked Leaves, each fupported by

Colour, in the middle ofthel‘e
Flowers grow fix Pivots, which
at the Top ear Stamina‘s of
a red Colour falling into the
Shape of a Penthoul'e. They
flower towards the latter End

N A

of May or Beginning of 391m;
when the Flower is fallen two'
or three Leaves arife from their
Bulbs, Iomething like thofe of
the Day Lily , but larger and
greener, and marked with little
red Spots. -

The fecond Sort is agreater
Rarity than the firll, it is alfo
fhap'ed like a Lily, the Flower
Leaves firetch out further and
decline lel‘s, it bears more F low-
ers than the firlt Sort, in Co-
lour 'wZ7ite and red; the Flower
is infolded with a Cover, com-
pofcd of w/aite [Membranes ,
which dil‘cover the Flower-
Leaves as they open, which are
reddijb, refembling a Bunch of
Feathers, which when they are
thoroughly bIOWn, look like a
Marygold of a foft red and pale
at the Bottom, both within and
without; thefe Flowers blow in
September. Out of the middle
of thefe Flowers arife fix une-
qual Plants, at the Top of
which grow Stamina’r, like Saf—
fron, of a red Colour, falling
down like the Tops of Fene
nel.

The third Sort differs little
from the former, except that it
is of a brighter red, and the
Flowers neither fo many, nor
[‘0 large, the Root of it being
finaller.

Thefe Plants are increafed
by Bulbs, which are better tha-
naged in Pots than the plain
Ground, for the Conveniency
of giving it as funny an Expo-
fure as is requilite for the

lowing of the Flowers; thefe
Pots lhould be filled with a

 

very light Earth, viz. two thirds
of

NA

of fed Mould and one of com-
mon Earth well lifted. In this
the Bulbs are to be fet two
or three Inches deep, and ought
not to be taken. up till the fe-
cond or third Year , arid al-
Ways in Marti), to remove the
Suckers; After thefe Bulbs are
planted in Pots, they muft be fet
in warm, dry places, fecure from
Frofls; but mufi nor be wa-
tered till May , then they are
to be watered throughly , till
the Water fwims on the Sur-
face, and then be placed Where
the Sun has the greateft Power.
After this wetting, unlefs it be
in a very wet Seafon, they muff
be watered as often as the
Heats will permit.

They mull have the hotteit
Expofure of the Sun till 0620-
1297', or elfe they Will be fpoil’d;
and by this Culture, they will
produce borh good Store of
Suckers and beautiful Flowers.

You mufi not remove the
Mafier-Root the Year follow-
ing, but only remove the old

N A‘
an Oran eeColour ; the Shape of
the See is fomething like that
of a Pyramid, divided by Ribs,
having all its Superficies engra-
ven and wrought all over, of a
greysz Colour, inclining to a.
light Cinamon : The ‘Seed is
apt to fall as foon as ripe, and
therefore mufi be carefully ga-
thered. It is multiplied only by
Seed [own in a Hot-bed, about
the latter End of Mart/J, or Be--
ginning of April: The Plants
are afterwards to be taken up,
and replanted againit fome Wall.

4. NATURE;

NATURE is aWord that
carries with it divers Signi-
fications: ' ‘

1. It is often us’d to fignify
the Syflem of the Univerfe, and
the whole vifible and created
World. _

2.. Sometimes it is us’d to fig-‘
nify the effential Properties of
form Things, with the Attri-

 

butes thereunto belonging: Thus

Earth that covers it , and putgwe fay, it is in the Nature of a
freih in its Place, and not wa-SSoul to think, OF GOD to be
ter it till May, as has been faid iGood ; of the Soul to think, or

before, but in the third Yearfof a Stone to gravitate.

it is to be raifed up to disbur—‘

then it of its Suckers.

3. In a large Senfe it is us’d
to lignify the Univerfal Difpofi-

The other two Sorts of Nar-ition of all Bodies; and in this
“1/2; of yap”, love a fandy'gSenfe it fignifies nothing elfe
Soil, mixt with fome Kitchen—2but the Divine Providence, for-

Gardcn—Earth well lifted , and
in other Refpeéts are caltiVared
like the firfi.

3. NASTURCES, or CAPUCHIN—
CAPERS.‘
HIS Plant bears a pretty

large Leaf,
V 0 L. II.

 

afmuch as that governs and di-
re€ts all Things, by Certain
Rules and LaWs accommodated
to their feveral Conditions of
Exifience.

4. It is 1.1de in a more firit‘i
Senfe to fignify the peculiar

and a Flower oleifpofition of Parts in fome par—
E

ticular

NA

ticular Body: Thus we ritually
fay, it is the Nature of Filh to
live in Water. . .

a The Word Nature is likewife
explicated by another Naturalifl,
to the Purpofe following.

'1. By the Word Nature, is
fometimes underflood G O D
Himfelf, as Creator of all Things,
and is term’d Natura Naturam ;
becaufe all Things come from
Him; are all in Him, and all
move and are mov’d at his Will
and Command; there being no
other but Him to fuliain and
rule them. And fo, when we
fay, there cannot be in Nature
a Want of neeeflary Things;
it is as much as if we faid,
GOD is 1‘0 merciful, as not to
let us want any of thofe Things
that are neceffary for our Sufle~
nance. And thus GOD is un-
derfiood by the Word Nature.

2.. The Word Nature is us’d
to ligni'r‘y whatever is in the
Whole Univerfe, as well above
as under Heat/en ; above or under
the Earth; in the li’azt’rr, in the
Air, and even in all the Hemmer.
So when we fay Nature never
grows old; we mean, the World
has no natural Tendency to—
wards its Decay. The Suu, the
flIoou, the tart, and the Ele-
meierr, the Earl/J and the Sea,
neither grow old, nor futi‘er any
Corruption by Nature ; but are
fieady and permanent. ' And tho’
we fliould allow the Earth to
be a little altered fine: the Crea-
tion; yet it never yet went f0
far as to be corrupted.

3. Nature is very often us’d,
to lignit‘y the Conliitution or
Temper both of Men and

 

NA

Thing; as rall‘o the Qualifica-
tions or Virtues which G O D
has befiow’d upon them. Thus
it is common to Pay ; the Nature
of that [Man or thit Tree; for
they neither of them can do or
produce any Thing but what is
agreeable to their Confiitution,
whether it be bot, moi/l or dry.

4. Nature is alfo us’d, to fig-
nify the Form or inferiour Bea
ing, both in Refpeél to Man,-
and other Things ; in which
Life and Motion is found : Thus
when we lay , Nature moves
gradually in her Work; we
mean, That the Form or Soul
which is within, does not carry
all Things to- the highefi Per-
feétion at once ; but proceeds
from Imperfeétion to the molt
perfect Degree. It mull be al-
low’d, That things grow. by
little and little ; for it can never
be, that a large Tree lhould on a,
fudden be produc’d from a Bad
or Twig, or from a Bit of 9.
Root, or a little Seed of another
Tree. Nor do we fee that Men
are born as big as Giants.

5. Nafure is us’d to lignify
the Form and Matter together,
as, when we fay, Nature goes
beyond Art; we mean, That
when we examine the inward as
well as the outward Parts of a
Thing, we find, That Nature
can perform l‘omething better
and more excellent, than Art
can do.

Ar to the Law; of Aware] It
is not here pertinent to mention
thofe Laws of Nature, laid by
G O D to be implanted in Man,
as to Religion or Morality ; but
rather thol‘e Laws of Motion, by

which

NA

which all Natural Bodies are
commonly govern’d in all their
Aétions one upon another, and
which they inviolably obfetve in
all the Changes which happen in
the natural State of Thin 3.
And thefe are fuppos’d by a-
turalilts to be reducible to thefe
which follow :

I. That all Bodies do perfe-
vere in the fame State of Refl,
or of moving forward in aflmzt
Line, except they be forc’d out
of that State by fome imprefiz’d
Violence outward; that is, all
Bodies that are at refl will for
ever and of themfelves naturally
continue in Ref}, except they are
put into [Motion by fome external
CauiE: And all Bodies that are
in 'Motion will for ever natu-
rally move forwards in the fame
flmit Line, except fomc oppolite
Force flops them, or that fome
differently direétchiolence turns
them out of their Courfe

2.. The Change: which are
made in the Motions of Bodies,
are always in Proportion to the
imprefs’d moving Force, and are
produc’d in the fame Direétion
with that of the'moving Force.

3. That Repulfe 0t Re-aflim
is always equal to Impulfe or
Aétion ; or in other Words,
That the Action of two Bodies
one upon another is always
equal, but with a contrary Di-
rection, i. e. The fame Force,
with which one Body firikes up-
on another, is return’d by the
firl’t upon that other; but thefe
Forces are imprefs’d with con-
trary Directions.

In Illufiration of the Three
foregoing Laws of Motion, take
what follows :

N A

As to the Firi’r of thofe Laws
Of Motion, 77m: all Eadie: do
Perfe'vere in the fame State of Refi
or Moving, Es’c. confide: how
inviolably this Law is obferv’d
by Natural Agents: For it never
has yet been obferv’d that any
Body did bring itfelf from Refl
to Motion; nor that ever any
Body in Motion did bring itfelf
to Ref! ; nor that ever any Body
in Motion altered its Courfe of
itfelf : But that there were al-
ways evident Caufes, Wherever
fuch Cafes have happened.

If it were f0, that Bodies of
themfelves did change their Pla-
ces, then all Things Would run
into Confufion; nor would
there be any certain Means to
regulate the Univerfe. It is cer-
tain, that Projec‘lile: would for
ever move on the fame {trait
Line, were not their own Mo-
tion {topp’d by the Air, their
own Gravity, or the Ruggedneji‘
of the Place on which they
moved; or if fome‘ Body by a
different Diteétion did not alter
their Courfe. For Inftance, a
Top, whofe Parts, by their Co-
hefion , hinder one another’s
rectilinear Motions, if the Air
did not gradually impair its
Motion, would for ever turn
round.

Natural Bodies confift of a
Mafs of Matter which can nei-
ver alter its State of itfelf 5 and
Bodies that are once at refi,
mutt continue f0, ’till fome new
Force put them into Motion.
If Bodies are once in Motion, the
fame Energy will continue them
in Motion, and drive them for-'

 

 

iwards with the fame Direction.
E a

N A
,And befides, There is in Mat-
ter aPaflioe Principle, Which
by Sir Ifaac Newton is aptly
call’d, The Vi: Inertia; by
which Principle, Bodies do to

'the utmofi of their Power refit}

any Change or Alteration of

their State, whatever it be, either
.Of Ref/2‘, Motion, or its Direc‘i‘ion ;

and this Refifianee is always

equal in the fame Body; and in
diflerent Bodies is proportional
to the Quantity of Matter they

contain. ’

" There is as much Force re-
quired to {top a Body in Motion,
as is requir’d to put it into Mo~
tion, and on the contrary: And
therefore finee the fame Body
reiifis equally the contrary equal
Changes of the State; this Re—

.fillance will as powerfully ope—

[ratef to keep a Body in Alorioa,
as to keep it at Rafi, and by
Confequence it can never change
its State Of Ref/7‘, [Wt/rim or Di—
rec‘Zio'n of itfelf : P or to change
its Direction, and of itfelf to
move itfelf another Way, is one
and the fame Thing. So that
"Matter of itfelf is 1'0 far indili'c-
rent as to Maxim or Rafi, that
«it is not inelin’d more to one
than it is to the other ; and does
refill a Change from [try/‘1 to M0—
}ioa, as much as it does from
Mia/50;: to Raff.

‘ This Pafiiye Principle in lVlat-
ter, or Vi: Imam, is very eon-
fpieuous in the Motion of a
l’eifel full of Liquor upon :1
Horizontal Plane ;_ for at the
~rft, while the Veilel is in M0—

«(1011 along the .Plane, the Li~

door in it 'feems to more with
a, Diref‘tion contrary to that of

y
I

>0 _ _

 

NA

’the Veifel, the Water rifing on

the hinder Side of the Vefi'el.

This is not beCaui'e there is
any fueh Motion imprefs’d upon
the Water, but becaufe the Wa-
ter endeavouring by its Vi: Inertia
to continue in its State of Rey},
the Veffel is notable to com-
municate its Motion to it im-
mediately, becaut‘e of the Bulk
and fluid State of it; but the
Water pcrfevetes in its State of
Reil, while the Vefl‘el makes
forward, and f0 feems to move
a contrary lVay. But as foon as
the Water has the Motion of the
Vefl'el intirely communicated to
it, and begins to move with 3
Velocity equal to that of the
Veflel; if you flop the VeITel ‘
on a fndden, the VVatet fiill
continues its lVlotion, and dailies
over the Sides of the VeIIEI. .

This Vi: Inertia, or"Pafiive
Principle, is ciTential to Matter;
for it neither can be depriv’d of‘
it, nor intended or remitted in
the fame Body, but is always in
Proportion to the Quantity of
Matter Bodies do contain.

From \Vlllt has been before
(hid, the following Corollaries
may be deduc’d :

I. It appears plain from hence,
That neither any Particle of
Matter, or Combination of Par-
ticles, i. e. No Body, can either
move of it or theml‘elves, or al-
ter the Direction of their Mo-
tion by themfelves : For Matter
is not endow’d with Self-mo-
tion, not with a Power to alter
the Courfe in which it is put;
but is merely Paflive, and mufl:
of itfelf for ever continue in
that State and Courfe that it is
' fettled

1

.NA

fettled in, for ever; and if it
cannot move of itfelf, it never
can of itfelf alter its Courfe,
when it is in Motion: For of
itfelf to alter its Courfe, is no
other than to move of itfelf after
a particular Manner.

2. It is alfo plain from hence,
That no Body, when it is once
put into Motion, will of itfclf
naturally‘move in a curve Line.
All Motion is naturally forward
in the fame {trait Line with the
Direction of the Moving Force;
but whatfoever does move in a
curve Line, mull alter its Di-
reétion in every Point ; and
therefore no Body can naturally
move of itfelf in, a curve Line.

3. Hence it appears, That
thofe Great Bodies the Planetr,
their Sate/litex, and Comet: (tho’
they are at firl’r put into Motion)
do not naturally, and of them-
felves, move in their refpeétive
Orbits, which are curve Lines,
returning into themfelves; but
are kept in them by fome attrafi-
ing Force; which if it were
once fufpended, they would run"
out in right Lines for ever : And
of Confequence, the Motions
of thefe valt Bodies in their Or-
bits depend abfolutely upon this
attraaing Force. And thence
it is,

4. That neither Maxim nor
"Re/l ( not one of them particu-
larly) is effex1tial to Matter:
That is as much as to fay, That
Matter is indifi‘erent as to either
0t” thefe particularly, and does
no lefs refifi its being chang’d
from [ta/i to Mario», than it does
being chang’d from Motion to
Rafi. And as any Force will

 

N A

imprefs fome Degree of Motion
on, a refiing Body; fo in like
manner , the fame Degree of
Force being imprefs’d at the
fame Time with a contrary D-i-
reétion, will bring it again to
Refl; but it is not abfolutely ne-
cefiary, as to the Being of Mat-
ter, that it be either in Motion or
Rey}. For, let Matter be in
which of thefe States foever, it
will (fill be Matter. And f0,
fince the Vi: Inertice or paflive
Principle is eiTential to ‘Matter,
it thereby becomes indili‘flent as
to Ref/l or Motion, and is equally
fufceptible of either, according
as the external Force urges it.

5. Hence may be demonfirated
the Neceflity of a Vacuum, or
Space difiinét from Matter : For
lince it is to that all Bodies do
by their Vi: Ifiertice, to the utmoil
of their Power, relift any man-
ner of Change or Alteration of
their State either of Ref/i or Mo—
tion ; and fince the Refifiance is
always equal in the fame Body,
or the fame, and in different Bo«
dies is proportionable to the
Quantity of Matter whereof they
confilt; and fince, by Confe-
quence, if two Bodies Which
contain equal Quantities of Mat-
ter, moving with equal Quick—
nefs in contrary Direélions, ('0
that they lirike directly upon one
another, they will for certain
both 741/} or flop at the Point of
their Meeting or Concourfe ; as
alfo it being demonfirable, That
two Bodies‘moving with equal
Celerities contrary one to the,
other, andboth reiting where
they 'meet, are equally heavy;
it thence follows of Neceflity,

1:1 3 that

N A

that two Bodies, which contain
equal Quantities of Matter, are
equally heavy: And if this be
allow’d ; If there were two
Spheres of equal Diameters, and
there were no Vacuities in B0-
dies, they would contain equal
Quantities of Matter, and of
Confequence would be of equal
Weight, 1'. e. Two Spheres, the
one of W'ood, and the other of
Gold, would have the fame Spe-
cifick Gravities; but this being
contradiaed by Experience, Va-
cuities in the Sphere of Wood
Inuit of Neceflity be admitted to
anfwer for the Difl‘erence of
their Gravities.

As to the Second, 77m; t/ae
C/Jange: made in the [Motion of
Bodies are al-way: Proportional,
6:6. that may be illuftrated by the
following Confiderations :

Efi‘eéts are always in Propor—
tion to their adequate Caufes ; and
if any Degree of Force produce any
Degree of flIotion, then it fol-
lows, That a double Degree of
the fame Force will produce
a double Degree of Motion;
and a three-fold Degree of the
fame Force, a threefold Degree
of the fame Motion ; and R) on :
And this Motion mull of Ne-
ceifity proceed in the lame Di—
rection as that of the Force
moving, finee the Motion is
caus’d only by it; and becaufe
by the former" Law, Bodies
which are in Motion cannot
change their Direétions of them-
felves ; fo that except their
Courfe be altered by fome new
Force, the Bodies muff proceed
in the fame Diref‘tion With that
of the moving Courie. And if a

 

NA

Body was before in Motion.
the Motionxwhich arifes from
that imprefs’d Force, if in the
fame Direétion, does to much
increafe the former Motion;
if it has acontrary Direé‘tion, it
deftroys a Part of the former
Motion, equal to that which is
imprefs’d; when it has a Di-
rection oblique to the former
Motion, it is either added to or
fubtr-actcd from the former Mo-
tion, according as the Motion,
ariling from a Compofition of
thefe two, is determined.

F rom What has been faid, it
plainly appears, That in the pre-
fent Confiitution of Things,
there can be no perpetual Mo-
tion. By a perpetual .Motion
you are to underfland an unin-
terrupted Communication of the
fame Degree of Motion, from
one Part ofMatter to another in a
Circle: Not as Bodies, which are
put into Motion, do for ever con—
tinue in the fame, unlefs to far
as they are refitted or fiopp’d
by other Bodies; but a ‘Circu-
lation of the fame Quantity of
Motion, fo as it returns perpe-
tually undiminifh’d from the firft
l\/lover.

For, Motion produc’d (by
this Law ) is but proportionable
to the Force generating ; and all
the Motions which are perform’d
on this Globe, being perform’d
in a refilling Fluid (the Air) 9.
confiderable Quantity of this
Motion mull necclhuily be (pent
in the Communication, on this
Medium, and 1‘0 ofConl‘equence
it is impoiiible that the fame
Quantity of Motion ihould re-
turn undiminilhed upon the fit“

Mover;

N A
Mover; Which is necelfiry, in
order to a perpetual Motion.

Befides, fuch is the Nature of
material Organs, That a greater
or letter Degree of Friétion can-
not bc avoided, although the
Machine lhould be framed ac-
cording to the molt exaél Princi-
ples of Geometry and Mechanickr,
there not being in Nature any
Congruity that is perfeét, or
Smoothnel‘s that is exact; the
manner of the Cohzefion of B0-
dies; the fmall Proportion the
folid Matter bears to the Vatui-
ties in them, not admitting of
them ('0 to be. And befides, an
ordinary Microfcope will difco-
vet how very imperfect our mofl
finilhed Mechanick Performances
are.

Now as the Things before-
mcntioned mull very confidera-
bly diminilh the Force commur
nicated, it is impoflible there
Ihould be a perpetual Motion,
except the Force communicated
were greater than the Force ge-
nerating, by ('0 much as to make
Amends for the Diminution
made therein by all thefe Caufes ;
f0 that the Motion imprefs’d
may never return undiminifhed
t0 the firfl Mover : But that be—
ing contrary to this Law, it is
evident, that the lVIotion muff
decrcal‘e, ’till at lafi it flops, and
lb of Confequence in the prefent
State of Things, there cannot be
any perpetual Motion.

As to the Third Law, That
Repay}: and Reaflim i; a/wtzy:
equal to Impalfe or Aflim, {9%.

To illufirate this, confider,
That whatfoever preffes or draws
another, is as much prel‘s’d or

 

. N A

drawn by that other. If aStone
be prefs’d with the Finger, the
Finger is prefs’d by the Stone
again. If an Anvil be {truck
with a Hammer, the Hammer is
firuck by the Anvil with equal
Force. If a Horl‘e draw a Stone
forward by a Rope, the Stone
does equally draw back the
Horl‘e; for the Rope being
dil’tendcd equally borh Ways,
does equally aél upon both.

Tint the Steel draws the
Loadllone as much as the Mag-
net draws the Steel, appears evi-
dently, by making both fwim in
Water. And in the Defcent of
heavy Bodies, the Earth is at-
traéled by the Stone, as much as
the Stone is by the Earth, 2'. e.
The Earth gr'avitates towards
the Stone, as much as the Stone
does towards the Earth; And
the Motions, which are produc’d
by both thefe Gravitations, are
equal in borh, excepting that the
Stone is altogether inconfidera:
ble compared to the Bulk of the
Earth ; and lb of Confequence
the Velocity of the Motion of
the Earth towards the, Stone is
inconfiderable, compar’d t0 the
Moion of the Stone towards
the Earth ; and therefore the
Earth’s Motion towards the
Stone is infenfible.

And univerlally in all the
Aétions of Bodies ; if one Body
act on another, and change its
Motion any manner of Way,
that other Body will make the
fame Change in the lVlotion of
this Body, with a contrary Di»
reelion; f0 that there are equal
Changes made by thefe Aélions,
of the Motion, but not of the

' E 4. Velo-

Velocities: For the Changes
which are made on the Veloci-
ties in contrary Directions are
in a Proportion, whichis reci»
procal to the Bodies. ‘

5. NATURAL.

' ATURAL is belonging
to, or proceeding from N4-
tare.

6. NATURAL Fae ULTY.

NATURAL FACULTY“
is that Faculty or Action

whereby Bodies ate increafed,

nouriihed, or preferVed.

7. NATURAL Pmrosornv.

ATURAL PHILOSO-
PHT is a Science, which
contemplates the Powers of Na-
ture, the Properties of Natural
Bodies, and their mutual Aé‘tion
one upon another.‘ ‘ ‘

8. NEBULOSE or NEBULOUS-

EBULOSE or Ncbztlottlt fig-
. nit'y cloudy, miliy, foggy,
haZy. .

9. NECIARINES.

NECTARINES take their

‘ Name ofNeci’ar, in Latin,
which the Poets feign , to be
the delicious Drink of the Hea—
then-Gods, they are 3. Fruit of
a very pleafant Trifle. There
are of them great Varieties, that
grow in Egg/eyed.

Mr. r’lr’ortimer mentions the
red Rom.1r:-Ned3zzri;ze , as the

NE

fairefi , and efieemed the belt
and 111011 delicate Fruit for its
Gull; beiides thefe, the Murrey
and Ta-wney-Neflarine: are eflee-
med by others , but neither of
them are f0 large as the Ro-
man; others efieem the Scarlet-
Nec‘Zarine, becaufe it leaves the
Stone.

Befides thefe, he reckons up
the Clufler, the Eegol, the Ge-
mm, the great green , the little
green, the Orbim’ , the Perfizm ,
the. painted, the Ruflét, the
white, the paper white, and the
yellow Neé‘r'ariner, as all very
good Fruit.

The Culture of the Neth-
riner differing very little, if any
thing, from that of Pear/yer or
flpricorkr, to them Iihall refer,
which fee.

The Neflariue, Mr.. Brad/e);
fays , has a near Refemblance
to the Peach, in every Thing
but the Skin or Coat of the
Fruit, which is finooth like the
Plltm; but if it be compar’d with
the Plum, both the Leaves and
,hoots are very different : Alfo
the Stone of a Plum is always
finooth, and the Stone of a
Neflarine is rough. As to the
41mm, that molt refembles the
Peach; it has its Coat and Stone
both rough, and feem to differ
very little, uiilefs the fleihy Part
that covers the Stone of the A1-
.2”de is not a common Eatable ;
whereas the Flclh 0f the Pearl:
always is, (0 that fometimes
when he has eaten a Pear/.7 whofe
Flelh was dry and hard, he has
fometimes thought that the'Ker-
nel of the Fruit might be as

 

good as an Aimed, Or that it
' ‘ was
‘ .

N!

was of the Almond Race. There-
fore it feems not improper to try
the Ned‘arine on the Dwarf/fl-
mend.

IO. NEMORAL.

NE M 0 R A L fignifies be-
longing to a Wood or
Grove.

11. NEMOROSE.

]\ EMO R 0 S E fignifies full
, ~ of Woods or Groves.

1:. NEMOROSITY.

NE M 0 R 0 S ITTfignifies
F ulnefs of Woods, or
Woodinefs.

13. NERIUM,fee OLEANDER.

r4. Nnnvns.

NE RV E S are long, tough
' ' Strings, which run a-crofs,
or Length-ways in the Leaf of
a Plant.

15. NIGE L LA, fee FENNzL—
FLOWER. ‘

r6. NIGHT-SHADE, or MAR‘
VEL of 'PERU.

M R. nger thus defcribes this

7 Plant: It has a Stem about
two Foor high, very full of
Branches, and fer with broad,
long Leaves: Its Flowers, ac-
cording to Monf. T az’tmefort, are
{hap’d like a Pipe, widening'like

a Funnel, indented like a Pam'—
lion, and of a fmrlet Colour,

 

N I

fometimes variegated with allow
and wbite, and very plea mg to
the Eye. This Flower has two
Cups, one of them ferves for a
Cover, and the other for a Sup-
port to prop it up. The lait of
thefe in Time becomes 21 Fruit
fomething round , fill’d with
Seed of the fame Shape.

Way of Propagation, Soil and

. Culturaj This Plant is rais’d

by Seed: fown in Beds, very
thin, and is to be tranfplanted
either in Borders or Pots ; when
it is tranfplanted into Borders, it
is plac’d among Flowers of the
largefl Size, and as much in the
Shade as may be, and it Will
thrive the better. If it be plant-
ed in Pots, they {hould be fill’d
with good Garden Earth, Well
lifted, and the Shperficies co-
vered an Inch thick With Mould.
It requires frequent Watering,
and the Earth fhould be hough’d,
about it once or twice. As to
the further Manner of ordering
it, it is the fame with the Female
Balfam Apple; which fee.

Monf. Liger fays, There is
one Advantage in this Flower,
that it will blow belt in fuch
Places, where others would do
it but very indifl‘erently : And
that it is great Pity it does not
blow in the Day-time, efpeci‘
ally when the Sun ihines out;
forif'it did, it Would be one of
the greatefi Ornaments of a Gar-
den, both as to the Beauty of its
Flowers, and the great Number
of them.

See Marvel of Peru.

17.8nRUB

’ N I
17. Simon NIGHT -‘SHADE.

HIS Plant, Mr. Mortimer
- fays, has a woody Stock
and Branches, dark fad green
Leaves, and Flowers like thofe
of the common 'NzglateSlmde :
It is increas’d by Layers and
flowers the latter End of May.

18. NIGHT-SHADE TREE.

HIS Plant, Mr. [Mortimer

defcribes after this Manner:
It rifes with a wooden Stem‘ a
Yard high, has green Leaves
and white Flowers like Stars,
with a yellow Pointel in the mid-
dle, fucceeded by fmall Leaves of
a fine red in December, Which
inclofe finall white flat Seeds.
It is rais’d by Seeds (own in
Marc/y, Which is belt to be done
in Pots, that they may be hous’d
in Winter; tho’ Mr. Mortimer
fays it endures the Winter.

r9. NITRE.

NITRE is defin’d to be a
_ Salt, impregnated with a—
bundance of Spirit; out of the
Air, which renders it Volatile.
Monl‘. Le Cler/t' gives us the
following Account of it: In
Egypt they make a great deal of
it, but it is not good, for it is
dusky and full of Knots and
Stones. It is made almolt as
Salt is ; only they ufe Sea-Wa-
ter in their Salt-works, and the
Water of Nile about their Nitre.
When the Mle retires, their
Nitre-Pitr {land foalring for for—

ty Days together; but as lbonéCoznpal‘s, than the .42);th

 

 

NI

as the Nitre is grown firm, they
are in Halle to carry it ofl“, left
it lhould melt again in the Pits:
They pile it up in Heaps, and it
keeps very well. The Mempln'an
Nitre grows firong, and there
are feveral Pits of Stone there-
abouts. Out of thefe they make
Vellels, and fome they melt

‘ down with Sulphur among their

Goals. This fame Nitre they
ul'e alfo about fuch Things as
they would have to lall along
Time. The Proof of the Good-
ncfs‘ of Nitre is, that it be very
light, very friable, and very near
of a purple Colour. That from
Lydia is reckoned the belt. ‘

'There is but little Difference
between the Natural and Arti-
ficial Nitre. That the one re-
fines itfclt‘, and the other is re-
fin’d by Art, as Salt. And in-
deed all Nitrc is a kind of Salt,
and hardly difiErs frOm Salt pro~
perly fo call’d, further than in
thefc three Rcfpeéts, That well
refin’d Nitre is more acid and
lighter than Salt, and cafily takes
Fire.

The Reafon of this Difference,
he lays, [cans to be, I. That the
Angles at both Ends of the Ob‘:
long Particles ofNitre are iharper
than the Angles ot‘ the Saline
Particles. 2 That the Particles
of Nitre are finer, and fuller of
Pores, which when the Particles
of Fire get in, they foon put the
yin-our Particles into a Hurry,
"till they break to Pieces, and
turn to a Flame. Nitre exceeds
Salt in Lightnel‘s, becaulc the

Saline Particles contain more
homogeneous Matter in the lame
do.

Th 0 f1:

N I
'Thofe who would know more
:of the Nature of Nitre, may
I perufe the Natural Hiflory, print-
«ed at London Anna 1670, by
‘ ”filliam C lurk.

Dr. Li/Ier has view’d the Par-
ticles of Nitre through a Mi-
crofrope, and found them to have
fix Angles, Parallelogram Sides,
and pointed like a Pyramid at
one End. '

A certain Gentleman, in a
Letter to Mr. Bradley, acquaints
him, That he is fituated in a
Country near a Peter-Houfe, or
a Houfe where fuch Salt-Peter
as is “brought from Abroad is
boil’d and refin’d to make sz-
Pawder. This is 1'0 near, as to
communicate the Steam of the

_ Nitre to the greateit Part of his
‘ Orchard and Garden, and fome
. are of Opinion, that it hurts his
' Trees and Plants ; but. however

his Orchard'is influenc’d by it,

' it never fails to bring him a very

plentiful Crop of Fruit every

' Year, altho’ thol‘e about him

have but very little, or hardly

: any ; and yet his Garden is not

leis expos’d to blighting Winds
by its Natural Situation, than
the other Orchards in the fame
Town. He therefore is apt to
judge, That the nitrous Vapour
which mixes with the Air that
furrounds his Garden, prevents
Blights, and is noxious t0 the
Caterpillars. He adds; He re—
members, that the Lord Bacon
in his Natural Hl/lory commends
the Ufe of Nitre For the Pre-
fervation 'of Health in Human
Bodies ; an’d molt of the skilful
Botaaifls have given it no lets a
C-haraiter 'for the Prefervation

 

- ‘N I
of Vegetables, if its Quantity be'
tightly proportioned.

A certain Author fays, That
the nitrous Salt: feem to be af-
fign’d by Nature chiefly for the
Growth of Plants.

Mr. Switzer fays, He is forty
that he cannot fubfcribe to the
Opinion of thofe learned Gen.
tlemen, who imagine Nitre to
be eflEntial to Plants; and that
nothing in the Vegetable King-
dom is tranfaéted without it:
For by all the Tryals he has
been able to make, it appears
quite otherwife; and when it is.
contiguous to the Plant, it ra-
ther dellroys than nouriihes it:
But this Nitre and other Salt:
certainly do; they loofen the
Earth, and feparate the concreted
Parts of it, and by that Means
fit and difpofe them to be af-
fum’d by the Water, and carried
up into the Seed or Plant, for
its Formation and Augment.

It is very obfervable, how all
Salt: are to be wrought upon by
Mal/lure ; how eafily they li-
quidate and run with it ; and
when thefe are drawn off, and
have deferted the Lumps, where-
with they were incorporated,
thofe mull: moulder immediately,
and fall afunder of Courfe. The
hardei’t Stone, if it has any Salt
mixr with the Sand of which it
confifis, upon being expos’d to a
humid Air, in a flIOl‘t Time dill
folves and crumbles all to Pies
ces ; and much more will clod~
ded Earth or Clay, which is nor
of near f0 compaél and folid a
Confiitution as Stone is.

Let the Earth be never ['0
rich, fo good, and fit for the

' Pro~

' N o
Produétion of Vegetables, little
will come of it, unlel's the Parts
at it be feparated and loofe:
And for this Reafon is the
Ground digged, plough-‘d and
harrowed, and the Clods broken;
and it is this Way that Nitre,
Sea-Salt and other Salt: promote
Vegetation.

zo. NITROUS.

NITR 0 US is mixt with, or
- abounding with Nine.

21. Nonosa.

N0 D 0 S E fignifies knotty,
. - or full of Knors.

22. Nonosxrr.

N0 D 0 S ITl‘fignifies Knot—
tinel‘s‘, F ulnel‘s of Knots.

2;. NOLI ME TANGERE.

HIS Plant is a Rarity, for

that if you offer to take the
Pods between your Fingers, they
will fly to Pieces with a Snap,
to as to make thol'e that are noc
aware of it (tart; and from
thence takes its Name of No/z’
me tangere, i. e. Tom/9 me not.
It is 21 Plant that is only propa-
gated for Fancy fake, and rais’d
by Seeds; and, for the Rarity of
t it, may be planted among Flow-

ers.

\.

r‘
l‘

:4. No ESUeH.
HIS Plant Nit. .Martimer

diflinguii‘hes into two Sorts;
the [mg]: Noaefztrb Newer of

NO

Conflantingple‘, or Flower of Erie
flol ; and the double rick fmrlet
Nonefucb, The fitfi of thefe is
of three different Sorts, one
bears a great Head of many fmr-
let Flowers; another difi‘ers on¢
ly in the Colour of the Flowers,
that at the firft are of a bla/IJ Co-
lour, but grow paler ; and a
third which has white Flowers.
The fecond Sort, or double rick
flar/et Naflefucb, bears a large,‘
double-headed Flower , of the
richeft fear/er Colour.

They are increas’d by young
Roots taken from the old, at the
latter End of Mart/J, when they
come up with many Heads, each
of which, if you part them with
l'ome Root to them, will grow,
and quickly bear Flowers. They
are a hardy Plant, but like not.
too hot or rank Ground : .They
flower at the latter End of java.

25. NORTHERN ASPECT.

M O N 8. Gem?! fays, The!

the Norfévem Afpeé‘t has
lefis of the Sun than that of the
We’fl ; yet the Freya/J Gardeners
Fay, it del‘erves to be valued in
the Climate of Parir, that is ra-
ther hot than cold; and there-
fore the Summer Pei/m, the
Mora/fear Plum, the fipricock, Eg,
and Verjzzice anpe, do in this
Expotition receive a moderate
but futiicieur Heat, for the Non—
rilhment of the Fruit, and bring—
ing it to Maturity; tho’ they
own the Fruit will come later,
of a fainter Colour, and of a'
more indi'tletentTafie than thofe
that have the Advantage of the

 

, other Expoi‘ures :
, .

out then they
will

‘ N 0
will grow larger, and keep the
longer.
on thiS, Mr. Carpenter re-
marks, That tho’ flprieoekr, Fig:
and Grape: may fucceed well in
.a Northern Afpeét, in the Cli-
mate of Paris; yet we cannot
expefi they will fucceed f0 well
‘ in England : And therefore we
ufually give them an IEa/l or
lVe/l Afpeét, and in fome Pla-
ces a South; yet he allows, that
the Nortbern Afpeét is not with-
out its Ufe; and it is very fre-
quent to plant in it, red and
wbite C urrantr, More/la—Cberrier,
baking Pear: , and common
Plamr. .
He adds, That in the molt
’Nortlaerly Part of England, and
; in bad Soils, fcarce any Thing
: elfe will do ; but in more Soar/a-
. ,erly and in good Soils, flpricoe/h,
. Duke - Cberrier , and the bell
l Plants will do Well; and the
f Seafon of each Kind being con-
: tinued longer, by coming later,
3 they will be much freer from
llnfeéts, than thofe that have a
' warmer Expofure.
Monti Qaiatiaey fays, That
3 among Wall-Trees, the Fruits
"x of thofe in the Salli/a and Eafl
lQuarters do commonly ripen
1 much about the fame Time, ex-
:cept that the Soar/a has a little
* the Start of the other; and that
‘thofe on the LVe/Z are later by
't eight or ten Days, and thofe of
L1the Nari/2 by fifteen or. twenty.
,Mr. Lamina fiiys, That thO’
iEafl and H/efl Walls may come
Tifo early in Frame, and the Norris
lVValls in fuch a Time after
l’them; yet we reject planting
zany Thing againll: North Walls

 

NO

to be eaten raw. ;' but only Pear:
for baking, Planar, Cbnriegfs’el
for baking or preferving ; unlel‘s
fome Cherries that come after
the others, as has been {aid be-
fore.

26. NOVEMBER.

”70% to a: done in the Kite/jin-
Garden , Orchard, &c. ibis
Moat/2.]

THIS Month being fubjeél:
_ to violent Winds, frol’ty
lghts, and great Rains, tender

Plants fhould be lhelter’d, and

new planted Trees fupported'

with Stakes, that the young Fi-
bres be not broken and wounded
by the Winds ; which interrupt-
ing the Paifage of the Sap, fre-
quently injures and dellroys

them. .
Remove and plant F ruit-

Trees; and furnilh your Nutfe-

ries againl’t the Spring.

Now, in fome well expos’d
Place, you may fow'Hotfpar-
Pear, and fer Beam of the Spa-
ai/lv Kind, to be early in the
Spring.

Make Hot—beds for Afparagar,
to hays fome in Deeeméer ; and
Prepare a Hot—bed for Caramel)”:
{own in Oft'oéer; and for Kielw
ney—Beam fown in the fame
Month : But thefe two are not
to be planted together ; for that
Heat that Cacam/zer: require,
Will deltroy Beam.

Trench your ‘Ground, and
lay it up in Ridges to mellow.

Ifany Roots are wanting in
your Nurfery, fupply it from
fome old Plantation which is
worn out. ' Prune

\

N O
, Prune Vines. Lay down
Vite -’ Branches, efpeciallyi fuch
as you. would have bear Fruit
the Year following, to be fet
upon a Table in Pets, at great
Entertainments;

Mr. Bradley direéls for this
Purpofe, That the Branches be
Shoots of the fame Year which
are to be to drawn thro’ the
Holes at the Bottom of a Gar-
den-Pot, that when it is fill’d
with Earth, there may be a rea-
fonable Number of Buds or Eyes
above the Earth. And then a
firong Branch, he fays, will bear
eight or nine Bunches; and ['0

according as it is in Proportion. .

Earth up Sellery; tie up En—
dirue-Plants for Blanching.

Sow Lettuce, CreflZ’I, [Ila/lard,
Rodi/l], Spitzacla, and Turnip:
upon Hot—beds, For young Sal-
Iet ; and plant Mint upon mode—
rate Hot-beds.

If the Weather be open, plant
Trees, Suckers and Cuttings of
Goofeberrier, Currants and Viner.
Cover tender Seedlings.

‘Lay up Carrots, Parfm'pr,
C «wager, C ollzfiowerr, &C. either
for Ufe, or to tranfplant for
Seed in the Spring. Take up
Potatoe: for lI/imer fpending. It‘
the Weather be fair, earth up
thofe Beam that were fown in
Septeméer. ,

Cut up Ajparazgzt: - Haulm
within two or three Inches of
the Ground; and fling the Earth
out of the Alleys upon the Beds;
and if the zllpamgw has been
worn, give it 9. Covering of rich
Soil.

Cover Artielvoltet, Strrzwéer-
rier, and Other tender Plants

 

NC

with long Dung, Horfe-Litter,
Straw, or fuch—like, to preferve
them from the F rofis; Trench
and fit Ground for Artie/taker.

Produc‘lr of the Kitobitz-Gardm
tlJir Mont/J;

For Salleting; the finall Herbs
on the Hot-bed with Burnet,
Cab/rage- Lettuce, blanch’d En-
dive, young Oniom, Seller}, Cu-
cumterr on thofe Plants fown in
3111}.
For boil’d Salletr; Cabbager,
Sprout: of Caébager, Savoy-Cab—
baget, Spinach.

Pot - Herbs ; Been-Leaver,
Clary, Par/levy, Savoury, Sellery,
Sorrel, Thyme.

Roots ; Beets, Carrotr, Hade-
er’i/b , Garliok, Oniom, Parf-
m'Pr, Potatoer, 'Sklrretr, _Scorz,0-
nera, Turnip. - '

Alfo Artichoke! and Colll ower:
in the Confervatory.

Fruits; Apples, Bzzllaeer, Peary,
C befiflttf , Haz lewd: , Walnut: ,
rli’feellarr, Eigx, Grape: , Tree-

Sfmwberrier, Sweater.

[Verb to be time in the Flower’ L
ngrzlett, (md Green-Howe.

About the Beginning of this '5
Month, plant in Pots Hyacinth, _
31071714173, Alana/hf; and Pol/v- »
antlzm’r ;
beds, that they may bloflbm a-
bout Clyriflmaj}. '

Shelter your young Seedling
Bulbs from the Frofis; but give ,;
them Air every Day, or they 5‘
will not live. ~.

Lay your Aztriettla-Pots upon
their Sides, the Plants towards

the

and fet them in Hot- ;

NO

the Sun ; beeaui‘e borh the F roll
is injurious to them, and the
Wet rots their Leaves.

If the Weather be open, you
may [kill tranfplant Homey-fackler,
yeflamine: , Lilacs, R012: and
Syringa’r.

Cover peeping Rammmlm’r,
{9%. and Other green Seedlings,
efpecially if the Snows be long,
and the Winds fharp.

Tie up tall Trees and Shrubs
to Stakes, to preferve them from
the Winds. Un-nail your Paf-

. flonl‘Treor, and lay them on the
Ground, that you may cover
them with Straw when the fe-
vere F rolls come.

Now is the belt Time to plant
= the fairefl Tulips in Places of
_. Shelter. Tranfplant ordinary
‘, yefl'amine, &C.

Cut down the Stalks of fuch
i Flowers as blow tall, that have
. done blowing, Within three In—
; ches of the Roor.

Houfe the bell Cdrmztiom, or
2. rather fet them under a Pent-
l houfe, againfi a South-Wall, to
i keep them only from the Extre-
: mity of the Weather.

Lay up Heaps of Earth for
(your feveral Sorts of Flowers;
and make Mixtures proper for
1the fevetal Exoticks.

Plant Rafer, filtered Frzetex,
." City/m, Peom'er, Lilac, Syrin-
Lga’J, {936. and all film/m Roots;
ifet flan}! Seeds, {9%. Prepare
'lMatrafl‘es, Boxes, Pots, fire. for
.EShelter for new~fown Under-
]Plants and Seedlings.

If the Weather is not very fe-
nvere, open the Windows of the
JGreen-houfe a little, efp'ecially
iif the Sun mines ; and at the

 

.N U

fame Time water fuch Plants as
require it. Let your Water,
you water your hous’d Plants
with, be pure Water, without
Mixture of Dungs, or Other hot
Ingredients, for they fpoil Plants.
But you can hardly be too fpa—
ring of Watereto molt of your
hous’d Plants, which fhould be
done only when the Leaves lhri-i
vel and fold up.

If the F rofls begin to I‘d in,
hang up (at Nights only) a.
Charcoal Fire, When it has burnt
’till it is clear, near the Win-
dows of your Green-houfe.

Flower; aza’zv blowing" in tlae Flow-
Ver — Garden, or Green-boafi’.

Aloes, flmomam Plinii, Anemo-
ni‘er, Golden-flppler, C amiy-mft—
Trcer, Bel/ix, Carnation; in the
Houfe, Clematis, Fieoides, Gene
tianella, Geraniams, Stock-Gilli—
flowerr, Spatial/I: wlaite yeflamine,
yellow Indian yefl'amine, Ldfl‘
rufliam , Leonora: , Myrtle: ,.
Mark - Rafe Pate/fer, Meadow—
Safl'ron, Paflion-Flawer, Polyane
that, Doa/z/e Violets, Veronica.

27. NUCIFEROUS.
UCIFEROUS figni‘

fies bearing or producing
Nuts.

28. NUMEROSITY.
NUMEROSITT {igni-

fies Numeroufnefs, Abun-
dance.

29. Now

NU

‘29. NURSERY for FRUIT-
TREES.

IN Preparing and Ordering a

N urfery for F ruit-Trees, Mr.
Mortimer advifes, in the Choice
of the Ground, That it be not
Wet, or a very fiit‘r‘Clay, nor
Land rich with Dung ; for fuch
are not fit for this Ufe.

,Firfi of all, cleanfe the Ground,
defign’d for this Purpofe, from
Weeds, Roots, fig’c. towards
the Month of Oélober‘ ; and
make the Mould very fine, and
to plant this N urfery with Cmé-
Stocks ; but if they are not eafy
to be had, then infiead of them
you mull plant thofe you raife in
your Seminsry.

To obtain which, he advifes,
to keep, in Sand, the Stones of
fuch Fruit as are early ripe, ’till
Oc‘i‘oéer; and to fet them in Beds
made for them, three Inches
deep, and five or fix Inches one
from another, by a Line; then
to let the fecond Row be 2. Foot
diitant from the other, and ['0
on: But if you do not raile
them in Beds, then you mufi
make your Rows two or three
Foot difiant one from another,
that there may be Room to go
betwixt them, to weed them:
And to be fure to keep every
Sort difiant by themfelves.

He adds, That all Stone-Fruit
ihould be lbwn quickly after
Gathering ;. for if you keep them
long after, they will be two
Years before they come up; If
they have not all the Moiflure of
the Winter to rot the Shells, the
Kernel will no: come up.

 

N U

He iays, That all Sorts. of
NM: may be fet after the fame
Manner. . ,
Some Perfons propoi'e this
Method for the railing of Stock:
from the Seed; or Kernels, of
Crabs, ripple: or Pears; that‘is,
when you have made any Ver-
jzzice, Cyder or Perry, to take
the Mull, which is the Subfiance
of the Fruit after the.]uice is
prefs’d out, and to lift the Seed:
out of it with a Sieve, the fame
or next Day before it beats; and
f0 {ow them, as ‘foon as you can,
upon Beds made of fine Earth,
very thick, becaufe fome being
bruis’d by the grinding or pownd—
ing, and others not being ripe,
many of them will never come
up : Then having fown them, to
lift over them fine Mould about
two Fingers thick, and to cover
the Ground with white-7720M or
Furz, ’till the Ground is fettled,
that they may not be fcrap’d out
of the Ground by Birds ; and in
the Matter to cover them with
Straw 0r Fem, to keep them
warm, which mutt not be re-
mov’d ’till the Spring, ’till the
Seed: begin to ihoor, which is
ul‘ually in [VI/1}. They muft be
well weeded, and if the VVeaa
ther be dry, they mutt be water’d
now and then ; and then be de-
fended againfi Moles and Mice.
To be furnilhed with fuch
Variety of Stock; which are ne-
ceffary for feveral Sorts of Fruit-
Trees to be rais’d, the Semimry
ought to be fill’d with fuch as
are rais'd of Cherry-flower, Pearl?-
floner, Plum-Slower, nime-Stocb,
{3%. or fuch as are rais’d of
Suckers from the fame, which
are as good. He

~2— e-n une- ‘

("a “’4'

N U

He rays, The befl and molt
eXpeditious Way to raife Quince-
Stbck: for a Nmfery is, to cut
down an old awn-Tree within
tWO Inches 0 the Ground, in
Marcb; and a great Number of
Suckers will fpring from the
Roots. That when thefe are
grOWn Half a Yard high, they
are to be covered a F oor thick
with good Earth ; and they mufl
be watered when} the Seafon is
dry ; and in the leter Time
as foon as they have put forth
Roots, they mutt be remov’d in-
to the Nitrfiry, where, in a Year
or two, they will be ready to
graft With Pears.

C berry-Stockr, and Plum-Stork:
may be rais’d from Suckerr, as
well as from Stomr, after the
fame Manner as Quince: are;
only you muff have Regard to
the Kinds from whence they
proéeed.

Pear—Stock: may alfo be rais’d
of Sudan, and tranfplmted like
thofe of Plum: or Cberrier ; but
thofe that are rais’d of Seed; or
Stone; are accounted much bet-
ter than thofe that are rais’d of
Sumter: or Roan.

Thefe Stock, when they are

two Years old, or as mee are
of Opinion, one Year old, are
A belt to’ be remov’d into the A7111”-
, fer}, tho’ they are never [‘0 finall,
; if they do but make large Shoots,

N U
wards be the more cafily‘ re.
mov’d.

It is alfo neceflary to remove
Seed - Plant: often, becaufe by
that Means they get good Roots,
which othe'rwife they thruft
down only with one fingle
Root ; not will they bear tranf—
planting Well without it.

The ReVerend Mr. Laareme,
treating of Nurfer‘izr, recom-
mends the Furnifhiug them, as
foon as may be, with Plants,
which may be growing up, both
to exercii‘e Art and Skill, and to‘
fupply future Wants. ‘

He does not approve of having
them ('0 far off, as not to be
under daily and coni‘tant In-
fpeétion; but rather advifes, That
the chief of them may have a
Place in the belt Garden, left
they ihould be forgotten or neg-
le€ted ; an irregular Figure in a
Garden may be peculiarly fiibfer-
vient to this Purpofe, in that it
may have feveral Triangular
Spaces proper to raife feveral
Nzrferier. /

He wOuld have one Place for
tall Standards, Appler, fl/lyer,
Elmr, Lime}, 04b, Peary, S}-
camorex, {5’}. which may be at
fome Difiance from the Houfe :
And another Place for DWarfs,
fueh as are intended for Apri-
co’ckr, Cberrier, PéaC/Jéf, Pear:

and Plum: .- And alfo a_third

Nmfery for all Sorts Of Ever-
greens, by themfc‘lves. The two
laft, he thinks not improper to
be made in fome fuch By-Places,
as mofl Gardens will aflbtd, and
that without any Interruption to
the Beauty of it,

F The

) obferving to cut ofl" the down-
: right Roots, and the Tops and
iSide-Branches of them, leaving
Jthem about a Foot above the
) Ground, and no: letting the
lRoots be too long, nor fet too
ideep; becaufe they will after-
V 0L. II.

 

'N U

. The Nurfery for the‘taller-
Standards, ihould be made in a
good, rich, 'light Soil, from the»
eyeral Sorts of Seeds peculiar
to their Kinds, fown in OJZolzer
br November. He fays, Crab:
and Wild Pear-Kemeb are to be
preferr’d for Stock; to make Ap-
ple: and Penn. Elm: and Lime:
are to be rais’d from planted
Suckers: And W'abzut: {hould
be fown With the green Shell
upon them, to" preferve them
from Mice. This Nurfery, if it
be well manag’d and weeded
for‘two Years, the Crab: and
Pear: Will be fit for Grafling and
Inoculating the third Year.

He advifes, That the Nurfery
of Dwarfs be by itfelf, that they
may not be over—tOpt by taller
Trees. Stones of Aprieoek: and
Pear/2e: are not proper to be
ufed, to raife thofe Sorts of
Trees good or lafiing ; but
colleét, for that Ufe, the Stones
of the Pear-Plum, [Vqucle or
Bomtm - Magnum — Plum, Which
have been found, by Experience,
to be better, and more lafling
than any other. Black-Cherries
are the only Stocks to raife all
Sorts of Cbcrrie: ; but the bell
Plrrm will do on any ordinary
Plum, or Sucker; tho’ it is not
the befi Way to ufe Suckers,
even from the bei‘t Sorts; be-
caufe they are apt of themfelves
to put forth Suckers f0 plenti-
fully; and by that Means the
Vigour of the Tree may be too
foon exhauiled.

AS for the third N'urfi’ry of
Ever-greens, that. requires fomer
thing of different lV’Ianagement :
For that there mutt be provided

 

NU

a Quantity of Seed: or Berrier,
of Holly, yum'per and Yew, which
may be put into diftinét but or-
dinary Pots or Boxes, putting
forne fine Mould over them in
the Pot, and f0 bury them for
one Year : For if they are fown
immediately (as other Seeds are)
they will not come up the firfl
Year; whereas, by thus laying
them in Heaps in any By-Plaee
for one Year, they will be ready
to be fown out, in Order, the
Spring following; and then they
will come up as other Seeds do.
Thefe mull be carefully kept
clean from Weeds ; for they
eafily choak all Plants of to flow
a Growth : But tho’ they grow
but [lowly the firlt two Years,
yet afterwards they will make
Amends for all your Care and
Labour, by their Beauty, Ufe-
fulnefs and vigorous Growth;
whereas, if you procure thefe
Plants out of the Woods or
Hedges, they will mightily, de-
ceive you : The greatefl Part of
them will die ; and the refi will
only till you on in Expeétation
of their Growrh, and but very
rarely do prove ‘vigorous and
thriving Plants.

Fir: and Pine: are to be rais’d
from thofe little Seed; taken out
of their large App/er; and they
will come up the firi’t Year, and
quickly will become beautiful
Trees, efpecially in a cold Clay.
Pericautbra’r and Play/line’s Will
be belt rais’d from Layeri.

I. OAK.

0A

 

0A

1. CAR.
Various SortLJM R. Evelyn
- l mentions

‘ four forts

of Oak, two of which are the
mofi common in England; the
Quercm Urbano, which be ac—
counts the tallefl, being clean,
and of a fmooth Bark ; and the
Robur or Quertm Sylziqfirit ,
which hath a kind of a black

Grain, which fpreads its Roots,

and Branches more than the o-
ther, keeps its Leaves all the
Water, but bears a fmaller A—
[07”.

Mr. Mortimer fays, He Will
not determine , whether thefe
Marks are fufiiciently difiinguiih-
ing of the Species; but fince it
is certain, that the more thriving
an Oak is, the more [appy it will
be, and the longer the Leaves
will hang on it; therefore ad-
vifes, to gather floorm for Seed
from fuch Trees as you like the
Kind and Sort befi.

Mr. Bradley fays, he has ob-
ferv’d about five Sorts in Ezr-
gland ; but only recommends
two Sorts of them to be planted
for Timber. The firft, and befi,
in his Opinion, is the Uprng/Jt-
041', which grows more ereét
than the other 5 and the other is
the largefireadiflg~04k Thefe
Kinds, he fays, have attained to
fuch a prodigious Stature, that
the Timber of one finglc Tree

"0A

:has been, fold for more than

Fifty Pounds.

”fay of .Propagatz'on.] Mr.
Mortimer fays, Oak: may be
multiply’d either by Lover: or

. Seed; but not to that Advantage

of Bulk and Stature by the for-
mer as by the latter ; nor will
they be fo‘well tranfplanted, as
they may be when rais’d from
the Acorn. ‘

Where they are defign’d to be
tranfplanted into Walks, Groves
or Hedge-rows,vor other Places
Where Cattle come, the beft
Way to make them bear it is, to
tranfplant them often, being flrft
rais’d from Acorn: in Seminarier;
and after three Years Growth,
tranfplanted into the Nurfery,
where they ought to {tand for
[even or eight Years, or till they
are about feven or eight Foot
high; and then you may remove
them ; but with Care.

He fays, ’tis the Nature of
all fuch Trees as are rais’d from
Seedx, to put forth one. down-
right Root flrfl, and not the
tide Roots ’till the Tap—Root
has got near the Bottom of the
Soil, efpecially in a loofe, hol~
low Ground; and fo the main
Roots going deep, the fmall
Roots, which are the chief N ou-
riihers of the Tree, lie to deep
that you cannot come at them,
to take them up; but if you
take them up young, while the
Tap-Root is fmall, and not [hot
too far down, you may cutoff
the Tap-Root, about a Foot long,
and that will caufe it to branch
near the Top of the Earth ; and

 

by this Means you will have the
Advantage of taking them up
F 2. with

O A‘
with t’mall Roots, when they are
remov’d again.
He tells us, In order to pre-

vent this Inconvenience, fome.

Perfons put a finall Piece of
Tile three or four Inches below
the Place where they fow their
Seeds of Trees; and this ftOps
the Running-down of the Tap-
Root, which caufes it to branch
when it Comes to the Tile, and
very much increafes the Number
of the fmall Roots ; and is not
only a great Advantage as to its
Tranfplantation, but alfo where
it is not remov’d but fufl‘ered to
grow from the Seed.

8017.] The Oak Will thrive befi
on the ricloefi Clay, tho’ it will
grow very well on moi/f Gravel,
or the eoldefl Clay, which mofi
other Trees have an Abhorrence
to ; nay that in fome Places they
will {trike Root even between
Rocks and Stones, and will grow
almoft in any Kind of Land,
and will penetrate very firangely
to come at a mar/y Bottom ;
and will often make Stands
when they are oppos’d by :1 Va-
riety of Footing, and then pro—
ceed vigoroufly again; as they
either penetrate beyond, or ma-
tter their Obi’trué‘tions, or meet
with better Earth.

The moft proper Time for
Removing Oaks, is either in 0620-
ber, at jbon as the Leaf begins to
fall, or in February, jufi before
the Sap begins to rife. When
they are planted, they ought not
to be fet deeper than they were
before; for it is enough if the
Roots be but covered f0 as to
keep the Body of the Tree Ready
and erect.

 

0 K

Great Regard ought to be
had to the Pofition of the Tree;
for the Southern Side of the Tree
being more dilated , and the
Pores more expos’d to the-Heat
of the Sun, by a fudden Tranfpo-
fition of the Tree in a cold Time
of the Year, the Tree will be
very much prejudic’d.

Mr. Bradley fays, That fome
Oak: that have been fown in
Hedge-Rows, have in the Space
of thirty Years, born a Stem of
aFoot Diameter; and that he
himfelt‘ has fecn fome Seedling-
Oak: of twenty Years Growth,
which had never been remov’d
from the Place where they were
fown, that have been near that
Compafs. And therefore,

He advifes, That every Plan-
tation of Oak: be fer from
Ararat, on the very Spot where
they are to remain: And that
the fleorm for Seed fliould be
chofen from thriving, vigorous
Trees ; and that, as to their Di-
ftance one from another, it be
upwards of thirty Feet.

Mr. [Mortimer fays, T‘hat Oaks
thrive belt in [hf Clay, in the:
moi‘t Southern, warm Parts of
England; but not to well in the
Nortlvcm Parts , becaufe they
have not fo much of the Heat
of the Sun, to warm thofe cold
Soils: For Oatr, as to the
Soil, and Temperature of the
Air, do not profper either in
very hot Countries , or very
cold, but afleét a temperate
Climate; and this feems to be t
the Reafon that our Eng/1]]: Oak:
['0 much\ exceed thofe of all
other Countries. And where
Oak: grow naturally, and in

abun‘

O A
abundanCe, it is a Sign of the
Soil being rich, their liking the
Soil, and the Oak: being good.

Mr. Mortimer advifes, That if
the Oak: are to be propagated for
Timber, that their Heads be nor
cut off, nor that they be not
lopp’d too much, except fear
and unthrifty Branches , or
that you are about to remove
them from a good Soil to a bad;
for then in fuch Cafe, you ihould
have as much Root and as little
Top as you can: Or that you
defire them for Shade, bearing
Mail ; or for Fuel.

Dr. llgricola gives us the fol-
lowing Account of the Methods
of planting Oak: in the County
of Lunebergh : They gather the
Acorn: when they are full ripe,
i. e. about the Middle of 06205”,
fooner or later as the Moon is
in its Increafe. They fow them
as thick as Corn, in a Field well
plough’d and manur’d, and co-
ver them with a Harrow. Or
they fow fleorm and Com to-
gether; but in the Harvefi they
leave the Stubble to long, as nor
to injure the Tops of the young
04%;. He approves the former
Way rather than the latter, be—
caufe they may be trodden down
by the Reapers ; and the flcarm
will either rob the Wheat, or the
W beat the flcorm : And advifes
rather to fow them in the Place
where they are always to re,-
main ; and to fence them with
a good Hedge, to keep out the
Hogs. He advifcs, rather to
gather the Aeorm, than to let
them fall from the Tree ; for if
they are rather too ripe, they
may be in Danger of being
bruia’d, ' * ‘

0A

As for the Time, he is for
fowing the Acorn: in Autumn;
becaufe, as the Seed being cover‘d
with a Rind of a good Thick-
nefs, it is not in much Danger
of the Cold : But the fureft
Way, he thinks, is to preferve
the Seed during the Water, in a
dry Vault or Cellar, flirting it
three or four Times a Week ;
and if it fweats, to cover it all
over with wet Sand ; and ft) to
let it remain ’till it begins to
(hoot, and then to lbw it.

As to the Method of rowing
them as thick as Wheat, he dif-
approves it; becaufe they will
rob one another of their Juices,
neceflary for Vegetation: And
alfo the Manner; becaufe fome-
times the Point or Radicle of the
Seed is upwards , fometimes
downwards, and fometimes on
one Side ; and according as they
are more or lefs lunnaturally
plic’d, ('0 they are more or let's
hinder’d in their Growrh. He rar
ther approves the Sowing or Set-
ting them, by making Holes with
a Dibble, in Rows, at a Span
Diflance, and three or four In-
ches deep; and not to put above
one in a Hole, if the Seed be
good.

The Direétion he gives, for
difiinguilhing the good Seed from
bad, is, to fling them into Wa-
ter, and the good ones will {ink
to the Bottom ; and if they have
begun to put out Shoors, you
may eafily know which End to
fer downwards ; but if they have
not begun, then to fer the pointf
ed End downwards.

But the beit XVay of Setting

 

them, is, to do it where they are
F 3 always ,

O 'A
always to remain ;. and'if they
come. up too thick, to thin them.
But if they are to be tranfplant—
ed, that ihould'be done when
they are Half the Height of a
Man, to dig them up, taking
Care not to wound theRoorsI;
but if-that'happens, then to cut
off all the wounded Part. The
Time: for Sowing or Tranfplant-
ing, to beeither in Otfzober or
Noveméer; for what is fown
later,rihoots in the Spring ; and
what is fown in the Spring, be-
gins to ihoot about Eaflcr and
Wbitjuntidc.

Mr. Cook advifes, if you defire
afpiring 041v, to gather Acorm
from fuch Trees, or rather from
under them, when they are fal-
len, and in a dry Time, if it
may be; then to lay them thin
in fome open Room to dry, and
when they are ('0, to keep them
in fome dry Place ’till the latter
End of yamary; and having
digged and cleanfed fome good,
frefli,loamy Ground, to fow them,
and cover them an Inch and half
or two Inches deep. He recom-
mends this Time, as being lefs
in Danger of being fpoil’d by the
Mice, or other Vermin. But if
the flcarm happen to fall in a
wet Scafon, then they will, in a
thrt Time after, begin to fpear
out; and if you perceive them
to {hoot out a little Bud at the
finall Ends, then commit them
to the Ground as foon as may
be: And being there repolired,
and having had a convenient
Quantity of" Heat and Moifiure,
(for without thefe no Seed can
produce its kind) the [from

grades, and the Spears 11:00: in-

 

O A
to the :.Earth-; and when the
Seafon is agreeable, the Body of
the Seed turns either into Leaves,
or fpends iti‘elt‘ into Leaves, and
that little Part ot‘the Seed the
Spear, ihoots forth Root, and
the Shoot and Leaves. But if
there be too much Heat or Moi;-
lture, then the Seed fpears forth;
and if: it be not committed to

the Ground before it be dry’d,

and the Spear withered, then
the Seed will not. grow. The
Reafon is, That Nature, if once
put into Motion, will rather
ceafe to be, than alter it‘s Courfe.
Therefore, if the Acormt'have
taken Wet, and the Heat hath
made them fpear, they muft be
fown as than as may be, and
they mutt be ventured a whole
”dimer in the Ground.

Being thus fown, they Will
come up the following Spring,
and. malt {land two or three
Years in their firll Bed, being
kept clear from Weeds. Then
prepare a good Piece of frefh
Ground, and if it be poor, ma,
nnre it with Dung, or elfe good,
freih, rich Ground , which is
better than Dung ; cut the Tap—
Root and the Side-Boughs, and
fer them in Nmferier, as you do
other Trees : Keep digging the
Ground, and pruning the Trees
up every Year, ’till you find
them fit to remove, which they
will bear better than if they had
never been tranfplanted before :
For the oftener you remove a
Tree, the likelier it will be to
grow when it is remov’d again,
if it be not too large.

‘ Having thus order’d the young
Dab, hill they are fix or {even
. ' not

fly rm.

1.5;; gnaw/x). . 1e, .

Fo’tA ‘ '
Foot high, you' may tranfpla’nt
them where you pleafe. To do
this; ‘

Firlt, make Holes four Foot
wide, and at leaft two Spades
deep, at leaft a Quarter or Half
a Year before you plant your
Oak; in them; if it be a Whole
Year {'0 much the better, if the
Mould that was thrown out of
the Hole be kept clean from
Weeds; and to do this, turn it
often; If the Ground be poor,
or fuch as is contrary to what
the Tree delights in, mix it
with fuch Earth as the Tree
loves.

If it be grave/I I-Ground, mix
it with the upper Spade of
Ground that is a hick-Earth; if
Clay, mix it With a light Loam,
or a fat Sand, or fmall Gravel;
and if it be poor, lay a little rot-
ten Dung in the Bottom of the
Holes ; but put none of it among
the Earth when you plant the
Trees, to touch the Roots of
them.

Having thus prepar’d the
Holes; if the Ground be a dry
Sort, begin as foon as you find
the Leaf to fall, that is, in 0620-
éer; take up the (lab, Opening
the Earth well round the Tree,
keeping the Side of the Spade to
the Body of the Tree, to prevent
cutting the Root in taking it up,
and dig deep round the Tree,
that it may be pulled up eafily ;
and this will hinder thofe Roots
that grow Elbow—wife; which
if they do not break off, by pul-
ling them up, they will crack ('0
in the Elbow, that they will ne-
ver grow, nor put forth Roots
below that Place.

 

' O A _ ,

If you find any Roots craek’d,
or much bruis’d, cut them off
’till you find firm, found Root.
Prune yOur Oak up to a {'mall
Head ; if it be taper and firsi‘t,
prune it 'up to one Shoot; but
if it be not taper, leave two
SideBoughs or more, 'to receive
tome of the Sap; and, this will
caufe the Shoot which you de-
fign {hall lead, to make the Body
of the Tree the finaller, and fo
the Tree will grow taper. Top
all the Shoors but the leading
Shoot; for by Topping the
Other , that will grow the
fironger.

. Leave that Shoot Which grows

{traitefl and l‘trongell; and if you
leave any other Shoots, do not
leave them right one againft ano-
ther; for that will make the
Tree grow too thick in that
Place too fuddenly ; but leave
them one above another, and the
Tree will grOw the more taper ;
for it will be lefs and lefs up-
wards between the Shoots ,
which Shoots you mutt take ofi“
Year after Year, as the Tree
runs up in Height, {till leaving
fome Side-Boughs to keep it ta-
per, or elfe the Height in Tim-
ber will be loll, or the Tree will
grow too Top-heavy.

1101» Oak: dz'fl'er accordiizg to
their 5017.] He fays, It is not
a Hill or Valley, or a Sizzaatim,
Nari/7 or Soar/a, that makes the
Grain of the Timber either finer
or tougher; but if there be on
the Top of the Hill, or on the
North—Side, a feeding Ground,
more than there is in the Valley
or South-Side; a Tree there
planted will produce the tougher

F 4 Timber:

O A
Timber : For where an Oak
grows molt in a Year, there the
imber will be the toughefi,

O A
the Ends where the Roots were
cut off, it will have drawn ma-

,ny tender young Roots ; which

and the Tree {hall have the mofi‘will be apt to take Root, and

Sap; as on a Ground that is
deep and loamy. '

Whether it be Hill or Valley,
if the Ground be jballow, and
theBottom Gravel, and that has
not a Mixture of Loam or Clay,
there Oak: will grow but flow-
ly ; and- the annual Circles being
clofe together, the Timber mufl
needs be the finer grained, and
the Sap of fueh Oak: is little.

Oak: grow quickelt , molt
flately, and the Timber is tough-
eft, which grow on a loamy

Cla .

2l‘hof’e Oak: that grow on
Clay, altho’ they fometimes grow
flowly, yet they lafl long; for
that is a holding Ground, and
produces great Oaks.

Gravel produces many Oak;,
and limit ones ; they grow but
flowly, and the Timber is fine ;
and they decay while they are
young. '

To remove a large Oak. ] If
the Oak be as big as your Thigh,
( tho’ if it be lefs, it will grow
the better) take the Earth from
about it, and cut through all
the collateral Roots, ’till you
can with Help force it down on
one Side, f0 as to come at the
Tap-Root with the Axe; then
cut off that, and cut all the
Roots fmooth on the under-
Side: Drefs the Tree again, c0-
vering it about again with the
'Mould you lool‘ened from about
it, and let it fiand ’till the next
Year; then at a proper Seafon
take it up, and you will find at

 

fuflicient for the Tree, tranf—
plant it where you will. Ano-
ther Way to do this, is as fol-
lows :

A little before the hard Frofls
come, make a Trench about the
Tree, at fuch a Difianee from
the Stem as you think fuflicient
for the Roots ; dig this Trench
f0 deep, that you come lower
than the Side-Roots: If the
Ground be of a dry Quality, wa-
ter the Hill of Earth, except
Rain faves the Labour; and
when the Frol‘ts come, they
will lay hold on it the more;
then lay Litter in the Bottom of
the Trench, and that will keep
that Part from Freezing, if there
be occalion to undermine it
more, to loofen it when you
take it up. Let it fian'd thus
’till the Earth is firmly bound to
the Roots by forne hard F roll“;
and then remove it to the Place
Where you would tranfplant it.

The Hole being dug, as be-
fore dire€ted, and the Earth be~
ing covered with Horfe-Litter,
to keep it from Freezing, co-
ver that clofe round the Roots
of the Tree with that Mould,
and alfo the Ends of the Roots,
and that will fecure it the better,
and you will do well to lay
Litter'round the Tree, on the
Top of the Ground.

If it be a large Tree, and the
Mould about the Roots be very
heavy, you may then make Ufe
of fuch a Gin or Crane, where-
with Timber is ufually loaded,

‘ ' ' an

~I‘V—tmmnw w r :-

t' t‘-¥:e:'£v§li’%"*

9 A
and to weigh it out of its Place;
and having plac’d it upon a
Trundle or Sledge, convey it to
the Place where it is to be fer ;
and with the {ante Engine, plant
it in the Hole.

The Eater—green O A K, or
I L E x.

a.
M R. Bradley gives us an Ac:
. count of the Tranfplanting
of a large Number of Ever-green
041:1, which had flood in a N ur-
fery about twenty Years, With-
out any Culture, ’till they were
grown about thirty Foot high ;
which was perform’d in the
Year 1714. Thefe Trees were
taken our of the Nurfery in the
Spring of the Year, with as
much ‘Earth about their Roots
as pofiibly could be ; and being
carefully convey’d to the Top of
a confiderable high Hill, Where
there had been Holes made ready
for them, and Banks rifing near
2 Foot above the Surface, of
about one Part of the fuperficial
Earth , mix’d With red, rocky
Soil. The chief Care in this
‘ Tranfplantarion, was to fet them
~ no deeper in the Ground than
3 they were before ; to flake them
sup well, and to water them
plentifully.
The [heme was counter-
" planted With Eng/1]]: 04kt, With
the fame Care, but the latter had
' not ['0 good Succefs ; for fcarce
3F our of a Hundred of £71ng
104%: liv’d ; and fcarce Four out
:cf the fame Number of Ever—
jgrcen 04b fail’d.

 

o B ’
3. OBLONG.

B L 0 N6 is a Figure
commonly call’d a Long;
Square,

4. OCCIDENT.

H E Oxide»: fignifies the
life/l. '

T

5. OcchENIAL,

OCCIDENTA L, ”4.72.
em. '

6. OCCIDENT 1E5 TIVAL

0 C CID E NT— Efliwl is
the Summer-Mfi, 0r Nortb-
Wefl.

7. OCCIDENT-EQUINOCTIAL:

O'C C I D E N T — Equinoc‘lial,

fignifies that Point of the
Horizon where the Sun fets,
when it enters the Points Arie
and Libra. '

8. OCCIDENT -HYBERNAL.
0 C C [D E NT-Iiybemal is
the ll/inter-H/q/i, or South-
IVq/f.

9. OCTOBER.

”fork to be done in the Orcétzm',
Kitcbin-Gardefl, &C. in 0&0-
ber. ‘ ‘

H O’. we may expeét tolera-

ble Weather the greatefi

Part of this Month 5 yet toward
the»

 

,___._._.,.__._____________.__, __ W,

-v:' i

0.6

the latter End we mull befure
to fecure all thofe Plants that
are in Danger of being injured
by the Froils and high Winds,
fiom the Weather. “

If it proves Windy, as it ufus
ally doth, it finiihes the Fall of
the Leaf.

Plant flick/Err, and all Sorts
of Trees or Ornament or Ufe,
and plalh' Quickfet—Hedges.

Sow flcorm, Nuts, or other
Sort of Mar/l for Timber, 'Cop-
pice-Wood, or Hedges.

Plant all Sorts of F wit-Trees,
or other Trees that flied their
Leaves.

Lay Open the Roots of old,

' unthriving Trees, or fueh as

ipend themfelves too much, or,
too foon in Blofibm.

Sow Fruit—Stones, Kernels, or
Seeds, either for Trees or Stocks.

This Month is the bell Time
to plant Hops.

You may alfo fafely remove,
Beer.

Plant Bulbous Roots of all
Sorts ; and plant and remove
feveral Herbs and Flowers,
which have been omitted to be
done before.

In the firfi VVeelr fow C2:—
ettméverr in natural Ground, to
he afterwards tranfplanted into
Pots, that they may be fhelter’d
from the Cold of the Nights,
’till it is neceilary to put them
into a gentle Hot-bed.

This Method of Raifing Cu-

O C
bear‘r’he'CoId than theft: that:
are rais’d when the Ground ’is;
cover’d with Snow. '

Cut amp/yore; with long:
Stalks, and fet them in Sand.

c Take up Colliflorwer—Plants
which begin to flower ; tye their ‘
Leaves together, and fer their '
Roots and Stalks in Sand in a
Cellar or cool Place; and the
Flowers will both grow bigger,
and keep good two or three
Months. ’-

Set Kidney-12mm under fome
warm Wall in Baskets, that
when the Seafon’ grows fevere,
they may be l‘et in moderate Her-
beds ; and thefe will bear Fruit
very early. V

Take up C arrow and Par/hips,
and dig a Trench fix or eight
Inches deep, in a dry Part of
your Garden; and having cut
otl their green Tops and grow-
ing Buds, lay them Clofe toge~
ther in the Trenches, and cover
them about fix Inches thick with
\Vheat—Straw, laid Ridge-wife;
and this will prell‘rve. them fit
for Ufe ’till :‘fimc. -

Tranlplant Cm’n’hlge and Colli-
fluwer—Plallts; and make your
an Plantation of Lezrm-er to
l‘rand the 11 ’z'm‘cr, fiich as Gem/z-
Lctmcc, 63%. and earth up Scl-
Iery for Blanching.

'Cur/zm/zm fown in 3‘24)! mull
be coVered every Night, and the
Glafl‘es mutt be kept over them
I in wet or windy \Veather ; but

 

6557752ch in Order to their beingiin good \Veather they {hould

forward, Mr. B?‘:.'5t‘lle'_‘,’ prefers to
Beginning to, raii‘e them ( as
is Vul‘uul) in Dtt‘enréer or 351722.—
am: Becaul‘e the‘fe Plants thus
:ais’d, will be better enured to

5 have Air in the Day-time.

; Sow Pm; in a rich, warm

; Soil, to be early in the Spring.

i Towards the End of this

iMonth, earth up and drefsgulcjh
0t 1'

.O’ .C
Collifiower: as have done Blow-‘
1n . - u
Sgow Radi/be: in a warm Place,
7 that they may be fit to draw
early in the Spring. ’
30W Creflelr, Lettme, Muflard,
Radi/IJ, Spinach and Turnip upon
fome decay’d Hot-bed, to be cut
for Sallets.

Sow Spani/IJ-Beam,_and Hot-

; . jpur-Beam in fome well expos’d
' Border, and rather under a Thick-
fet Hedge than a Wall.

Set fome Roots of Met in a
gentle Hot-bed.

Plant Goofi’éerries, Currant:
and Ranfierrier, from Sucker: or
Cuttingr.

Plant Apple: grafted on Pam-
dije-Stockr, in Pots ; for they
will bear when they are very

; fmall, and may be fet upon a
' Table at an Entertainment.

'.’ The Produfl: of the Kitcbin-Gar—
den in Oétober.

Herbs for Soop, {9%. are Been,
- Par/lay, and all the aromatick
I Herbs

Herbs for Sallets, are Burger,
) Germ-l, Crtfles, Endive, feveral
i Sorts of Lettuce, [Wu/fwd, Rad—
q (ii/77, Rape, Sellery, Spinaeb, Tar-
; mp.

Artie/Joker, Collz'fiowerr, Beam,
1 Pea/e, Kidney—Beam, [own in
311/}; C mumZerr, Melt/m, [Wu/l]-
1 roomr.

Roots, Garlick, 0m'om, Ro-
uaméoler, SIM/arr, Beets", Carrotr,
SParfmpr, Potatoes, Skirretr, Scor—
szmem, Tarnipr.

OC

' ”fork: to he done in the Howey.

Garden and Green-[mafia _

Continue Sowing what you
did in September; and alfo Cy-
prm, but not in frofly Weather.

Tranfplant and lay Refer, and
fuch-like flowering Shrubs : Ala-
fo plant Cuttings of Honey-fuck]:
and 3eflamirze.

Plant Rammmla’: , Vernal
Crocm’r. Move Seedling Halli-
borkr, and others.

Put in your Talipr; and plant
flmmmier. ,

Sow Berrier of Tau, Hall ,
and fuch Ever-grew: as have
been prepar’d in Earth or Sand.

Sow A/aterizur, and the Seeds
of Pbyllirea,

About the Beginning of this
Month,’ fer into the Green-houfe
flmomum Plim‘i , Me/eam‘bm ,
Marum Syriaeum, Myrtle: , ~and.
other tender Greens, that have
not yet been hous’d ; and give
them and all other Houfe-greens
a freih Covering of Earth ; but
take Care not to difiurb the
Roots.

Bury all Sorts of [MM/m:
Roots ; and alfo Irir’r, €9’e.

Set the Pots of Carnatime
now Blowing, into the Green—
houfe, near the Door, that they
may have as much Air as you
can.

Beat, roll and mow your
Walks and Camomi/e. Cleanfe,
your Garden of Trumpcry and
Weeds.

Fruitg

 

 

}\

O C
Fran: in Prime, or yet leg/ting.

.Apple:; the Belle and Banne,
William, Coflarel, the Honey-meal,
the Parfley-flpple, the Lording,
the Pear-Apple, the Pearmain.

' Pears; the Bergamot , the
green Batter-Pear, the Buree dn
Roy, the Clove—Pear, the Lom-
bert-Pear, the Law-Pear, the
Thorn - Pear, the Rnflét - Pear,
the RoufletePear, the Pet-worth-
Pear, the Verne-Long, the Vio-
let-Pear, and the Winter Mild-
for-Pear.

Plant; ; Divers Septemoer—
Plumr; Aroatnr, Grapes, Bal-

lace, Piner.

flower: now Blowing in the
Flower - Garden, and Green-

Honfe.

Aloer, Amarantlznr’r, Amonmm
Plinii, Anemonier, flntirrloinarn,
Apoeinum, Golden Apples, dron-
z‘m, llflerr, Capfimm, C arnationr,
Balan/l Clematis, Colebicnrn, Saf-
fron Croem, Cyclamen, Eeoia’er,
Geranium: , Stock - Gillzfiowerr ,
Heartr-Eafe, Heliotroper, 3aeinrlv,
Common , Indian , yellow , and
Spani/b yeflamine, Leonorw, Li-
moninm, Lye/mix, Marziel ofl’ern,
African and French Marygololr,
[Wyn/er, Naflnrtinm Perflmm ,
Oranges, Paflon-Tree, Phalan-
ginm, Poliant'bo: , Pomegranate,
mane/’21}! Rofex, Veronica, Viola

Tricolor, fingle lVall—flower.
io.OCULAT10x.

C'UL A770 N is the taking
' -. away of filperfiuous Bna’x.

 

OC

1!.OCULUS.

OCUL US is the Bad ofa‘
Plant or Tree juit putting

forth.

‘rz. OCULUS Cnnrsrt

or ASTER.

T HIS Plant is thus defcrib‘d

by Monf. Liger. It lhoots
forth into feveral Steins about 3
Foot and a half high, round

a...“ A) r.

and hairy, of a reddi/b Colour, ,
adorn’d with long Leaves, co— »

ver’d with a berth Hair.
Stems are divided into Branches,
at the Top of which grow F low-
ers of a 61m, rviolet or purple
Colour radiated: The one is
that which is molt common.
The Disks of the Flowers con-
fifl of feveral Flourifhes, anda
Crown of Half F louriihes, rel}.
ing on the Embryos, and con-
tain’d in a fcaly Cup : Thefe
Embryos in Time become a fea—
thered Seed fafiened to its Bed.

This is a vivacious Plant, and
is multiply’d by parting the Roots.
It may be multiply’d by Seed;
but the former is the belt Way.
If you multiply it by Seeds, you
fow it as other Seeds, and cover
them with a little Mould.

IF you multiply it by its Roots”,
take them up with a Spade, and
part them, and for them in Bot-e
ders, or where you plcafe.

It is a hardy Plant, and will

thrive in any Soil ; requires no
\Vatering, but what it receives
from Heaven.
remov’d once in three Years,
when it is plac’d in Borders;

' becaufe

The :

It ought to be ‘

O L‘
becaufe it pullulates very fall.
If you would have it grow thick
and bulhy, fiir the Ground about
it now and then with a little
Pick-axe, el‘pecially afier aShow-
er of Rain.

13. Ononrrenous.

ODO RIFERO US having
a fweet Smell.

14. OLEAGINOUS.

OL EAGINOUS fignifjes
Oily, or pertaining to the
Nature of 01'].

15. O LEANDER, ROSE BAY-
TREE, INDIA-N LAUREL, or
NERIUM.

'T HI 5 Plant is by Botaaiflr
call’d Nerium, from Nug‘ov
3 Greek, moifi ; becaufe Humidity
is effential to it, and it requires
:plentiful VVltering during the
ggreat Heats of the Summer.
_ Variom 50771.] Mr. Bradley
:fays, There are of this Plant fe-
e veral Varieties ; the molt com-
:mon of them in the Eagli/h
lGardens, is the fearlet Oleander,
rand alfo that with a w/aiz‘e
iF lower; and there are alfo the
waeet-fcented Oleanderr, With
‘ lingle and double Flowers :

Mr. Liger thus defcribcs this
Plant, That it is an ever-free};
idhaé, which from its Root
{.fhoots forth feveral firait Bran-
:ches garnifh’d with oblong
JLeaves about an Inch broad, of
5a dark green Colour, and pointed
:,;at the End. Along thefe Bran-
ches grow the Flowers, which

 

O E

are monfitalom, 2'. e. confining
of one af in the Shape. of an
indented Pipe. Out of its Cup
arifes a Style, which {licks to the
hinder Part of the Flower, which
becomes a round Fruit, having
two Cells, fill’d with a hairy
Seed. .

He likewil‘e mentions two
Sorts of Oleander, the Carnation
and the li’laite. But Mr. Carpen-
ter takes Notice of two other
Sorts that are cultivated in En.
'glaml, call’d The narrow—leaf’d '
Rafe Bay, one With a fingle
Flower, and fweet; and the o-
ther with a double Flower and
fweet: Thofe he lays were
brought into England from the
Dim/a Garden in Ceylarz, in the
Eafl—Iaa’ier; and have fucceeded
very well in the Gardens of
Hampton-Cote” : But are of a
more tender Conflitution than.
the common Sorts.

Mr. Mortlmer fays, The 01e—
amler or Rafe-Bay, is 21 Plant
that bears fome of them Mai/i],
and fome of them «w/az'te Flowers.

Way of Propagation, 66.] NIL
Bradley fays, The frarlet Oleander
is to be propagated by Layer:
in April, which Will {trike Root
to tranl‘plant the Aagafl follow-
ing : That it is 1‘0 hardy, that he-
has kept it Abroad all the IV»:-
ter, Without any other Shelter
than a South-Wall. He adds,
That the white-flowering Kind
is as hardy as the fearlet Sort;

.but the fwcet—fcented Oleamlerr,

fingle and double, are accounted
more tender , and fhould be
hous’d With. Oraage-Treer. They
all love a Medium Soil, without

 

 

Mixture, and moderate Water»
' iug :.

- O L

ing: Are propagated like the fitlt.
They blotforn in- yuly and Au-
ger. .
Mr. Mortzmer fays, That they
are increas’d by flitting the Twigs
in the Place where you would
have them take Root, and lay-
ing them in the Ground, and
keeping them inditi‘erent moifi ;
and then they will take Root
eaiily. And that they are alfo
increas’d by Sucker: that have
Roots to them. They may be
planted out in Summer, and ta-
ken up and put into Pots again
towards [xi/inter , to preferve
them ; and this will make them
firong. They will profper well,
if they be fecured from the molt
violent Cold. They blow all
Summer; and when in Flower
can hardly be watered too much.
They are commonly keptin Pots
or Tubs ; and the double Sorts
are for the molt Part kept in
Glafs-Cafes.

lVlonf. Liger fays, Thefe
Plants are never fown, either be-
caufe the Seed does not come to
Perfection in our Climate, or
becaul‘e the Way of Multiplying
them by Layer: is a ihorter Way.

He recommends 32er as the
only Seafon of Laying this Plant
With Succefsfi that being a little
before the Augufl Sap ril'es;
which he direéts to do as fol-
lows : Slit the Part you defign
to lay in the Ground, at a’Knot
half Way into the Branch, and
three or four Inches long, aCCOr-
ding to the Strength ot‘it; and
then cover the Layer with
Earth, and Water it , and to
continue watering it, as Occa-
fion requires; and in about fix

 

O L

Weeks Time it will have pro-
duc’d Fibres enough to be tranf-
planted, or in September or Oe‘Zo-
ber. He advil‘es, to plant them
either in Boxes or large Pots,
and not in the open Ground,
becaufe (they cannot endure the
Colds ; and are to be defended
from it in the Green-houfe.

He fays, It is not to be prun’d
as other Shrubs are, tho’ it {hould
not grow as one would have it.

The Cafes of thefe Plants
ought to be ihifted every five or
fix Years ; and the new ones are
to be fill’d with two thirds of
Kitchin-Garden Earth well fitted,
and one third of Mould mingled
together; becaufe by that Time
the Plant will have exhauf’ted the
Salts of the old Earth.

16. OLIVES:

HE Olive-Tree, Mr. Bradley

fays, may be propagated by
laying down the young Branches
in the Earth in .Murely. If they
be planted againft Walls expos’d
to the Sun, they will 'thrive very
well; and is hardy enough to
endure our Climate without any
Shelter. He fays, he has feen
perfect Fruit of the Olive-Tree
in the Gardens at Cumdeu-boufe
at Keuflugton; and in many 0--
ther Places near Loudou.

He liiys alfo, perhaps there
may be as near a Relation be-
tween the 0/i-ve and the Plum,
as there is between the C/aerr]
and the Cherry-Buy, or common
Laurel; which altho’ their 8101‘-
foms are difl‘erently fet upon
their Trees, yet do bear a Refem—
blance to one another in their
Fruit. For

ON

For, altho’ the Olive brings -

its Bloifoms upon Strings, and
the Plum after another Manner ;
yet the Shape of the Fruit of
both are pretty near alike : And
in like Manner, the Laurel or
Cherry—Bay produces its FloWers
in Spikes, but the Cherry in
Cluflers; but yet their Fruit is
both alike in Shape.

He adds, That as it is known
the Cherry Will grow on the
Laurel, 01“ the Laurel on the
Cherry, if budded or graffed on
each other, as he has feen ; and
as in his Opinion there is no
great Difference between the
Plum and the Olive, one may
be budded or grafied upon the

x Other with good Succefs.

r7. Oxxoxs.

: Hzriam Kim!an R. Bradley

reckons two
{Sorts of Oniom , as deferving
your Culture; the Spanifh-On-

rim, which affords a large, fwcct ;

1t2fled Root, and the other the
fStrasburg-Om‘ou, which is more

;biting, and lafls good much 1011-,

 

02 N \

My of Propagation] Onion
are multiplyed by Seedr, fown
either the Beginning of Mare/1
or latter End of February, in a
fine fat and warm Mould, if
they are fown before Marti: they
mutt be covered at the firft;
and When the Seed is fown,
and as equally difperfed as may
be, the Bed mutt be trod and
beat flat; for they do not ex—
tend their Fibres far downwards.
When they begin to fpring, Mt.
[Mortimer advifes , to lift fine
Earth almofl a Finger thick 0--
ver them ;and when they begin
to appear to tread them down,
which will make the Roots
grow the larger. He adds, that
they have fucceeded very well
when fown in Bay-Salt: They
are ufually ripe in Augufl, and.
are then to be taken up and
dryed in the Sun, and kept in
a dry Place for Ufe. ‘

Mr. Bradley advifes to TOW
Onion Seed, in rich Garden-
Soil in [Ware/a, and to fow the
Seed pretty thick, that if it be
not all good , and f0 do not
come up, as it often happens,

gger than the former; which jyou may not be difappointed of
:are both cultivated alike. Nlr. 3?. tolerable Crop , and if they
sMortimer alfo fpeaks of twoécome up too thick they may be
{Sorts of Oniom, which he diflin—geafily thinned. When they are
zguifhes by the Names of red and ; grown fit for Sallets ; about the
._wlyite, of which he fays; theglatter End of April , they may
awhile are elleemed the belt, andgbe houghed with a very final];
radds , that the belt Om'om arelHough, leaving about three In-
ifuch as are brought out of iches between every Plant. When
lSpaia, from whence they at Snfthe Leaves begin to change
30mer’r had them, and are calleditheir Colour, the Roots will
38t.0mer’s Om'om, fome of whichigrow no more that Year, and
the fays , have weighed eight therefore they may be pulled up
EPounds. in dry Weather, and be lay’d in.
Rows expofed to the Sun, till.

they

0, N

they be throughly dried. When
they are‘dried enough, let no
Rain fall on them but carry
them in’a-doors, and fpreadithem
on a Floor to dry for Winter
ufe, and fome of them perhaps
Will keep good till April.
- Thofe which fpire about the-
Beginning of February and have
large Roots, plant in Lines a-
bout ‘half 21 Foot a—part, and at
two Inches Diitance~ for Seed,
to produce Seeds for another.
Year When they have Ihot'
out Stems about two Foot high,
flake them up from being in-
jured by the Winds; and as
foon as the Seed Veffels begin
to open cut them off, and lay
them on a Mat to ripen in the
Sun, keeping them turned once
a Day for two or three Weeks,
and then you may beat them
out of the Husks. Keep them
dry, that the leafl: Moil‘ture
may not get at them, for that
will make them fprout, and they
will never be fit to fow : For
it is a certain Rule, that if any
’Seed have had moiflure enough
to put forth its Radiele never
to little, and is afterwards cheek-
ed, before the Ear Leaves ap-
pear, it cannot by any Means
be made to grow afterwards.

Mr. Mortimer lays, the Seeds
may be fown all the Year for
young 07220er or Stallions; that
fuch as are fown in Autumn
mull be covered with Straw or
Peafe Haulm, and being thus
preferved, during the Winter,
they will in the Spring be early
Clam/I and Seal/lam.

Mr. Bradley advifes to fow :1
Crop of Oxiam the Beginning of

 

 

0N

Augie/f, in fome warm Place to:
(land the Winter, and to fupply
the Kitchen, when the dry’d 0--
m‘om are fpent; this fowing will
be fit to draw in April.

Mr. Collin: fays, that he has
obferved that Gardeners, who
keep the Markets with early Sal-
leting, have not young Union: a-
mong them; whereas they might
be plentifully furniih’d with them,
if they did but fow a fmall Piece
of Ground thick with the Seed
about rMielmelmaj} ; for they
having in their own Nature Spi-
rit enough to refill the Weather,
would be of fufiicient Strength
before they were attacked by it,
to bear up againlt the Frofi and
Snow.

Mr. Bradley fays, the Ground
commonly chofen for Onions is
a generous Loam, which is {up-
pofed to confift of equal Parts
of Sand and Clay; and that not-
withi‘tanding this Sort of Soil is
more generally inclined to aflilt
Vegetables than any other, yet
fome Perfons think that it re-
quires a great Quantity of Ma—
nure or Dung to make it fit for
the Vegetation of Oniom. He
finds by Experience, that Loam
it felf, without the Charge of
Dung, produces Om'om, as large
and as good as that Ground
which is dunged.

That he found them to be To
in Gardens where he was told
by the People, that they had ne-
ver made Life of any Manure but
what they had taken out of Dir-
ches, and the drift Sand of High—
ways; and that he had in fome
Places feen (brim: which were
of a tolerable Size, and well

tailed,

0N

tailed, that had been foWn up-
on a black Sort of Sand, that
appeared to have been mix’d
with about one third Part of ti-
brous Roots, like thofe of Heath
Roots ; and does believe it was
fuch a Soil that had not been
long enclofed. This Land, he
was informed by the Perfons,
had not been done any thing to,
but digged up and fown with
Oniom.

He adds, that he has had as
good and large Roors of this
Sort out of his own Garden,
without making ufe of any ‘Ma-
nure, as his next Neighbour,
who had covered his Ground
four Inches thick with Dung;
and that he has feen an Acre
or two of good Cm'om, grow-
ing near Mndfor, in a Sand
Field, where little Dung was
ufed.

A; to procuring the Seed.] He
is of Opinion that when any
()m'om begin to fprout, then it

fhews Nature is afiivc, and then‘

it defires the Ground ; and then
they fhould be planted immedi-
ately, in order to gather the,
Seed from them, efpecially, if
they be large Roots, and fuch
as promife Strength and Vigour,
for from fuch a healthful vigor-
ous Offspring may be expect-
ed.

It is certain , that when
Onion: do begin to fprout, it is
their Time of growing ; and
therefore the Earth is proper to
further their Defign 5 they do
not fprOnt all at the fame Time,
but fome in November, fome in
December, and others not till
yamtary ; but whenever they

VOL. II.

 

ON

do begin to fptout it is a fign
they require the Allil‘tance of
their natural Bed and Nourilh‘
ment.

Time of fiwing.] Having tak-
en care to be furnilhed with Seed
from lufly, well fed Plants,
he direéls that it be fown as foon
as the Earth begins to refume its a
Power of aéling upon Vegeta-
bles of this Kind; be having
had the bell Succefs by fowing
the Onion Seed in February, as
[0011 as the Weather was open,
and has made it his conl’tant
Rule never to fow the Seeds
of any bulbous Roots later in
the Spring of the Year. He
adds, that he finds that if he
fows any Onion Seed later than
February, his Seeds are in Danger
of being loft in their tender State,
either by Vermine, or a Change-
ablenefs of Weather, that is too
rough for them, when they firfl:
peep out of the Ground, or
elfe by the Seafon being too dry,
which is very frequent in Marc/9,
and fo the Seed comes nor up
at all.

0ft19e Culture] This is to be
obferved in the Management of
a Crop of Oniam, that they mull;
be houghed when they are grown
as big as a Crow-Quill, both
to clear them of Weeds, and
to give them a due Dil‘tance one
from another.

The Onion: being thus put
into a thriving Method, they re-
quire but little mOre Care till
their Roots have near done
growing, and then the common
Method is to bend down their
Leaves with a Pole.

G This

ON

This is fuppofed to flop the
Motion, of the Sap, and by that
Means to be beneficial to the
Growth of the Oniom ; but tho’
he has folloWed this Method,
Yet he cannot be pofitive of the
Succefs. .

‘ When the Pipes, or Leaves,
Of the Onion: begin to lofe their
juvenile, or youthful green C0--
l'our, and turn yellowi/IJ, then
it is Time to take them out
of the Ground, and to difpofe
of them the befl Way to dry:
But it is not good to do it in
rainy Weather. They ought to
be wellxdried before they be laid
tip, or elfe they will not keep.
Some have covered Sheds to
dry them in, when the Rains
have begun to fall ; for the rai-
ny Weather commonly begins
" aboutvthe Time for taking Oni-
on: up out of the Ground.

It is found by Experience,
that when Union: have been laid
up before they have been well
dry’d, or have been laid too
clofe together, or in too large
Heaps,.they begin to fprout foon—
er than when the more watery
Particles have been exhaled by
the heat of the Sun.

The belt of the Oiziom are to.

be clear’d and dry’d on Kilns,
and by that Means become much
more refined in their Flavour,
and more gentle and fweet in
their Tafie, than thofe that have
not been dry’d; and fuch are
thofe that are commonly fold In
Ropes ; but as for thofe that are
ufually fold by the Peck, they are
not to dry’d. Spam/[J Union; are
allxdry’d, and by that Means
they lofe their pepper-iii} Taftc,

 

 

O N
and alfo that Spirit of Vegeta—
tion, which would otherwil‘e
caufe them to grow before they
are ufed in the Kitchen. .

He is of Opinion, that there
is no Root that would bring
more Profit to the Planter, with
fmall Expence , than Onions,
and fays, he has known, in the
Year 1714. lefs than'an Acre of
Oniom, after they had been dri-
ed on a Kiln, to have been fold
for lixty Pounds; but indeed
it fo happened that Year that by
Real‘on of F rolls, in many Pla-
ces, the Gardeners had not an
Opportunity of fowing their Seed
till about the Middle 0r End of
March, and fome later ; (‘0 that
they were dcilroyed by the Fly
as lbon as they came out of the
Ground.

But though this was an ex-
traordinary Year, yet he finds
that one Year with another, an
Acre of Onion: may be made
worth upwards of forty Pounds.

Thefe Infeéts, the Flies, do
ufually appear about the Begin-
ning of flpril, while they are in
their moi’t tender State, and that
Perfon had fown them fooner
than others, and though it did
freeze afterwards, the Seed be-
ing flreltered in the Earth be- -
gan to prepare for Germination
fooner than others, that in April,
when the Flies came, the young
Plants, either becaufe they were
iheltered from Blafis, or being
in a vigorous State, were able
to defend themfelves againfl the
Fly.

18.3 E A-

OR

18. 82A-0N10n3,'or
S Q U I L s.

T H E S E Plants are call’d,
Squill: of mu'néo to dry up.
becaufe they grow in dry Places
The Bulb of this Plant is as
large as that of a Citron; from
the Bulb it ihoots out feveral
Leaves about at Foot long, of a
beautiful green, and almol’t as
big as one’s Hand; from the
middle of thefe Leaves aril‘es 21
Stem about a Foot and half high,
along which, from about a third
Part upwards, it is adorn’d with
Flowers like Lilies, of a red
Colour confifiing of 6 Leaves,
of a round Form, in the middle
of which grows a Chive, which

‘ becomes a roundifh Fruit, divi—

ded into three Capfula’s full of

' round Seed.

)

The Bulb of this Plant being
cut in Pieces and fet into the

i Ground, produces another large

}

Bulb, which growing up, be-
comes a Supply for others,

i enough to multiply the Species ;
; and fo the Plant may be multi-

\r-v

: ply’d (Id Infim'tum.

The Manner of Cultivating
this Plant, is the fame with that

.~ of the Afp/yodel : \Vhich fee.

19. ORACH.

} ORACH is multiply’d by Seedx.

‘—
a.

a

20. ORANGE-TREES.

M R. Mortimer fays, Orange—
'Treer were unknown in
former Ages to Europeam, and
have not been long introdue’d;

 

DR

and that more noble Kind, the
Claim—Orange, has not been
many Years propagated in Porm-5
gal and Spain, which now yearly
furnifhes us fo plentifully with
thofe Fruits; and that even in
thofe Countries they have within
thefe few Years degenerated both
as to Size and Taile. ‘

Mr. Bradley fays, That the
Situation and Climate natural to
this beautiful Tree, being con-
fider’d, may be of Help to us, to
judge of the Temper and Nature
of the Air it requires. The firft,
Groves of them that we meet
with, growing wild in Europe,
were at Eres, near 7730311072 in
Frame, between forty two and
forty three Degrees Latitude, and
about St. Remo and the Riviera
of Genoa, in the fame Latitude,
near the Sea, at the Foot of very
high Mountains to the Nort/J of
them; and the firfi Woods of
them growing in 1:461, are as far
Scat/J as Gaietta ; and f0 agreea-
ble is the Air of the Sea to them,
that in many Places more remote
from the Sea than 7710211012 and
Gaietm, altho’ farther Sow/a, they
cannot be made to thrive vvith-‘g
out Shelter in H/iflrer.

Variom Kindr. ] He fays,
That of Orange and Lemon-Tree:
there is a confiderable Variety ;
but he {hall only treat :QF fome
few which are the moi} common
in our Engli/b Gardens ;' of
which he elleems the Set/il—
Orange the befi, as Well for the
Beauty of its Leaves,- :.aS. the
Goodnefs of its Fruit, which
will come to Maturity with us.
The Claim-Orange, he lays, ne—
ver makes a handfome Tree, but

G2 19

OR

is always inclining to look fick-
ly, and feldom bears Fruit in
Perfeé'tion. The curl’d Genoa-
Orauge is, indeed, pleafanter to
look upon, but is a very flow
Grower; and he approves of the
{trip’d Genoa, for the beautiful
Variegation of its Leaves, as
worthy to be introduc’d into
Gardens, as a Rarity ; but as for
the Fruit of that Kind, he has
never yet feen it fit for any Ufe.

Monf. Liger fays, the Railing
Orange-Tree: from the Kernel,
Sir} or otherwife, is .a Method
too flow in thefe temperate Cli-
mates. and the Iffue very uncer-
tain; and therefore he chiefly
treats of the Cultivation of fuch
as are brought to us from Gem,
and Foreign Parts.

77% W74}! to know good Orange-
Treer.] Thofe Orange—Tree;
that are brought over to us,
c’ome either with the Earth about
them, or without it ; in the firft,
Nlonf. Liger fays, we can’t well
be deeeiv’d, for feveral Branches
with Leaves are left upon them,
which by handling them gently
we may difeovcr, whether they
are good or bad, by the more or
lefs F irmnefs we feel in them ;
for the firmer and brittler the
Leaves are, the more found and
thriving we may conclude the
Trees to be.

AS to thofe Orange-Trees that
are brought over with bare Roots,
and no Earth about them, they
are no better than a fort of
Sticks; and no Judgment can
be made of them, but by the

Goodneis of their Bark : For, if»

the Bark be firm, and by making
an Incifion in it, it quit the

 

O R
Wood, it is a Sign that the Tree
is found; but if‘ it {tick to it, it
is an infallible Sign that the Tree
is not found.

If after you have made the In-
cifion, you find the Wood moift
with the nouriihing Juice, it is
a good Sign; but if dry, it is an
ill one.

The Bark ought to be of a
yello-wi/IJ, and not a blacki/bgreen,
for the Blaelwef: proceeds from
the Inactivity of the Sap, or from
having been too often watered in
the Voyage.

Mr. Bradley fays, The molt
proper Seafon for bringing 0~
range-Tree: into England, is the
Beginning of February; [0 that
there may be at leait a Fortnight
in that Month to prepare them
for Growrh, that their Shoots
may be iii-orig and vigorous the
Summer fucceeding.

How to manage mm; (2 fer they
come from Foreign Pan‘s. J He
fays, When they come to us
from Abroad , they have very
little Root, and lefs. Branches ;
and having during their Voyage
by Sea, in that Condition been
laid up in dry Boxes for fome
Time, they require a good deal
of Care to recover them from '
their Lethargy. He therefore
advifes, That as foo: as we re-
ceive them, welay them up in
fome large Room, and in wet
Mofr, that in the Day—time they
may have as much Air from A—
broad as may be, (provided the
Air be not too 1harp) and to :
turn them once in twelve Hours.
The managing them thus for a
Week will recover their thrunk
Veil‘els, and [well their Bark:

And

‘ that

' O R

And befides this, he adviiés, to
examine their Roots, and to cut
ofl‘ their dead and wounded
Parts with a {harp Knife ; and if
they have any Earth about them
to take as little as may be away;
and alfo to prune off the Tops
that remain on them, leaving on-
ly fuch Shoots as are vigorous,
about three or four Inches long ;
and to plaifler all their Wounds
clofely, with foft Wax: And
having done this, to lay their
Roots in River or Pond Water,
for about Twelve Hours; then
to take them out, and fet them
to drain for about Half an Hour
before they are planted.

Mr. Bradley, in a Letter to
Mr. R. S. concerning the order-
ing of Orange—Tree: fent from
Genoa, directs as follows :

That when they firfl come
from on Board the Ship, they
{hould be immediately taken out,
for fear of their getting the ‘Muft
or Mouldinefs, which may be
very injurious to them; and if
the green Shoots of the Heads of
the Trees are any Ways dry’d,
to lay the Trees upon moifi
Ground, where a moilt Vapour
conflantly flowing, they will
recover and fill themfelves, fo as
to become fit for Vegetation:
But when their Shoots are dry,
and by Way of Recovery they
are plung’d into Water, as the
common Practice is, they are
over-burtheu’d with watery Parts.
And altho’ this Management
may make them appear healthful
for a Month or two, yet it ge-
nerally ends in Sicknefs; for
i this fudden Refrefhment
a only fatisfies them for a little

 

OR

Time ; whereas the gentle Re-
frelhings of the VapOur, which
gradually fills their Parts, will
aiiilt their Health.

But fuppofing the Trees to be
in as healthful a State as any that
come from Abroad, he advifes,
to let both their Stem, Roots‘
and Branches partake of the
Moiflure or Vapour of the Earth
two or three Days, before they
are plung’d in Water, and then
to lie in a River or Pond an
Hour or two and no more.
And afterwards to prune off on-
ly fuch Roots and Shoots as are
either dead or wounded ; and to
lay on fome foft H’ax, or other
fueh foft Plaifier , on every
Wound, both in Root or Shoot,
that the Circulation of the Sap
may not be interrupted ; but by
no Means to cut off any of the
live Roots or Wood, for that
will contribute to make the Tree
{hoot weak and fickly.

He adds, That he has always
planted thofe Trees which he
had from Abroad, with their
Shoots on as they came over,
tho’ it was not according to the
common Praélice; and that in
three Years Time they have made
extraordinary Heads, far exceed-
ing thofe that were cut: But
then he prun’d off fuch of their
Shoots as grew diforderly, the
fecond Year of their Growth;
for by that Time the Trees had
got Strength, and were more
able to bear Wounding, than in
their firft fickly Year.

Monf. Liger direas, That if
the Orange—Tree: have no Earth
about their Roots, to walh the
Raots well, to prune the Extre-

G 3 tremities

O R

mities of them, efpec‘ially of
thofe that appear to be bruifed,
you mutt cut to the Quick ; and
take off the Fibres that feem un-
found ; lop the Branches to two
'or (three Inches, and fieep them
in Water for half a Day, and
then plant them. As for thofe
that haVe Earth about their Roots,
take away fome of the Earth,
pick out the Gravel from" that
which remains, and pare the
Roots.

The Stocks having been pre-
par’d as direé‘ted, and the Earth
as direéted hereafter; the Di-
reélions for Planting them are
as follows : '

Mr. Mortimer advifes, before
you put'your Earth into the
Cafes, to lay on the Bottom a
good Quantity of Ofier, or
”4:25); Sticky, or fuch-like which
will make it light; and if they
are -' in a fmall Quantity mix’d
throughout, it will be better.

Mr. Bradley advli‘es, That the
Pots for thefe Stocks be juii big
enough to admit two Inches
thick of the Earth he direéts on
every Side of their Roots, and
no more, left the Warmth of
the Hot—bed they are to be fct
into ihould not have Strength
enough to reach them, and make
them firike, becaufe the Hot-bed
Inuit be very moderate and en-
tle, for Fear it ihould fcorch the
Roots ; and then it Will be to
little Purpofe to attempt to rev
cover the Plants. '

Moni‘. Liger adVich, To lay
Tome Qyfler—fljei’z’s‘ 01‘ Pot/[Jemfl‘
at the Bottom ot‘the Tubs, that
the Water may the better drain
away; to fill the Tub or Pct

 

Mats at "all fuch Times ‘as
l , t

OK

with the Earth he has direéted,
and to prefs it down with your
Hand, left it afterwards ihould
have too great a Fall, and the'
Orange - Tree ihould fink too
deep ; then the Pot or" Tub being
fill’d to the Brim, to make a deep
Hole in Proportion to the Height
you defign your Orange-Tree;
to put it in, and fet the Roocs in
right Order, and to be fut-e to
let it be four Inches deep, in
fuch a Manner however, that
the largefi may always appear:
Cover it, and then water it,
which will bind the Earth the
falter to it, and very much con—
tribute to its taking Root. Then
carry it into fome freih Place,
airy, but where the Sun does
not thine. The Times of
Planting, he fays, are either the
latter End .of flpril, May, or
Ofiaber.

Mr. Bradley directs, That the
Stocks being planted in Pots
ihould be fet upon a Hot—bed,
prepar’d as he has directed. See
Hot—bed. When the great Heat
is pail, after the Whole Surface
of the Bed has been cover’d with
Mould, to prevent the Steam of
the Dung from rifing and annoy~
ing the Plants.

This {lot-bed, he fays, ought
to be made under a warm “fall,
and ihelter’d from the cold Air
with Glais on their Sides, and
on the Top : That the Plants,
being thus prepar’d for Growth,
ought to be water’d moderately
once a Week ’till flpril; and
after that, if the Weather be
warm, every third Day. And
their Tops mull be ihaded with
the -'
Sunf

l

on,

Sun lhines warm upon them,
left the Under-Shoots which be-
gin to put fonh, be fcorch’d, and
-by that Means perilh. .

Mr. Carpenter direéls as fol-
lows : Your Orange Tree: being
thus planted, place them on a
Platform, broad enough to c011—
tain two Rows of Plants in Baf-
kets or Pots, one bcfide the
other. Make this Platform of
cold and hot Dung mix’d toge-
ther in the Manner of a Hot-bed,
then cover it over with an Awn-
ing of Bats—mats, born up with
Polls and Poles. This Awning
will not only ferve to skreen the
Orange-Tree: from the Sun and
Winds , but will maintain a
gloomy Heat, which will be very
advantageous to them. After
this , fprinkle them once a
Day with Water, to keep them
wet.

Mr. Bradley dire&s, That in
May, when their ShOOts begin
to thew their Vigour, to give
them Air by Degrees, by opening
the Glale toward the fetting of
the Sun, if the Evenings are not
too cold; which, he fays, if
done with Judgment, will con-
tribute very much to lirengthen
them, and make them {hoot forth
green and healthy; .

During the Courfe of their
firl‘t ShOOting, he would have
them {hitted once in fix Weeks
at leafl, into frelh Hot-beds ; but
as foon as 7am» is over, he does
not advil‘e to force them any
more; but rather by fetting them
in fome Place lhaded from the
Sun, to endeavour to prevent
them from putting out a fecond
Shoot, .by. expofing them at large

 

0 R

to the open Air, there to let them
{land ’till the firll Week in Sep-
tember, and to carry them into
the Green-houfe; and at that
Time to take away carefully,
Without dillurbing the Roots,-
threc or four Inches of the Earth
on the Top of their Pots, and
to put as much frelh Earth, in its
Place.

When they are in the Green-
houfe, Mr. Bradley fays, they
ought to have as much Air as
can poflibly be allow’d Night
and Day, ’till the latter End of
Oflaber; nor lhould the Win,-
dows be at all lhut, unlel‘slit
happen that the Winds or Frolls
are very fevere; and during the
following Winter Months, no
Opportunity lhould be omitted
of opening the Houfe when the
Weather is moderate. .

Altho’ thefe Trees love the
Shade, yet he fays they will
quickly perilh if they have much
Water; but yet they mul‘t be
frequently I‘Cfl‘éfh’d with it, a lit
tie at a Time, for too much
Wet about their Roots will chill
or rot them. He recommends
Water for them in which S/aeef)
or Deer: Dung has been fieep’d,
as that which will contribute
very much to make them healthy.
Mr. [Mortimer fays, S/Jeep 91'
Neal; Dung.

IVlonl‘. Liger fays, When you
let them into the Green-houfe,
you lhould give them a very
good Watering, which mull
ferve for all the ”fairer.

Mr. Bradley fays, Violent and
ha—fly W aterings will make the
Leaves turn yellow, and often
drop on", and all‘o make them

4. remain

OR

remain fora Year or two in a
languifhing Condition, without
putting forth any Shoors, and at
length entirely go off. -

Thefe young Oruuge-Treer be-
ing by this Management main-
tain’d in good Health, ’till the
latter End of February; he direéts
to renew the Earth about them,
as was done in Autumu; and
to train the Heads of them,
leaving about fix Inches of the
Shoots of the foregoing Sum-
mer, if they be firong, but as
they are weak , in PrOporti-
on accordingly; to plaifier the
Wounds with foft Wax; after
which, being carefully perform’d,
they will foon begin to fprour,
and make good Shoots the luc-
ceeding Summer; being with
Diferetion inut’d to the external
Air, before they are fet out of
the Houfe.

That the Time he has obferv’d
for bringing Oruuge—Tree: out of
the Green lyoufi, is at the Time
of the N ew-Moon in May, which
he has obferv’d commonly to
bring gentle Showers, and warm
Weather. And has had but lit-
tle Regard to thofe Rules that
have been commonly obferv’d
to bring them out either at Mid—
may, efpecially if moderate Rains
fall at that Time, or when the
Leaf Of the [Mulberry—Tree is as
big as a Crow’s-Foot, which
perhaps may be a certain Sign of
the Temperature. of the Air.

As to the Station of Orange-
Treer ' in Summer-Time, he ad-
Vifes, that it be in fome lhady
Place ," either fenced in'with
Hedges, either of Dutch Elm,
Hofly, Herr/57am, or E'iifl‘"gi‘t”€i_i

 

C

, O R

Oukr, about twelve fifteen
Foot high, or eliT‘; in 1... seat
Place in aWildernefs or \‘Jood ; \
for that this Plant delights ex—
ceedingly in fuch Shelter.

Thei'e Plants being thus or-
der’d, and the Pots being chang’d
as the Roots increafe in Bignefs,
he fays, we may expeé’t hand-
fome Trees in three Years from
their firll Planting. When the
Pots or Cafes are chang’d, he
advil'es, that it be done in Febru-
ary : And that in replanting them
Care be taken, that the Trees be
planted fo {hallow in their Pots
or Cafes, that none of the Stem
be fet below the Earth, but ra-
ther that forne ot’thc large Roots
Joining to the Stem be teen :1-
bove it; and alfo that the Pots
be not too large, becaufe if fo,
the Roots would chill, by having
too much Moifiure about them.

Monl‘. Lz‘gcr fays, That thofe
Pots or Tubs in which Orange-
Trcer are fet, are to be propor—
tion’d to the Size of the Trees ;
('0 that thoi'e they are planted in
the firll Time ought to be a
Foot and half over on every
Side, without including their
Feet.

He adds, That Ornate-Tree:
continue in their firll Cafes for
five or fix Years before they are
cas’d anew : But if there be any
Defect perceiv’d in them before
this Time, either by the Leaves
withering and looking pale, or
the Flowers being Iinall, or the
Shoozs growing crooked, or it‘
they do not thoot out in the
Spriug, rho’ their Leaves be

green, then they mull be new

cared in the Manner following:
i If

OR

If it be a fmallTree, that is
to be remov’d from one Cafe to

; another, you muft with your
. dil‘planting Grove take away as
- much of the Earth as you can,
: and then lift it up out of its

Cafe with the Earth about/it;
and holding the Tree in your
Left Hand, with your Right
Hand pare off with a Pruning-
K nit‘e, two Thirds of the Earth,

~ and prune the Fibres and moppy

Roots ’till you come to the
larger ; then having another Pot
or Cafe fill’d with Earth, firfl
fieep the Earth about the Root
in W’ater, letting it imbibe ’till
the \Vater has left off Bubbling ;

. then having taken it out and

i

drain’d it, fet it in the Middle of
the Hole that you have made for
it; but not fo low but the larger
Part of the Root may be feen;
then put the Earth upon it, and
pi'el‘s it down with your Hand ;
and afterwards having watered it,
fit it into its Place.

As for thofe Trees that cannot
be manag’d with the Hand, fome
make Ufe of a Fully fafien’d to
fomething above, round which is
a Cord 'with one End fafien’d to
the Tree, by which they draw
the Orange—Tree out of the Cafe.
And when they are very large,
they heave them out with a
Crane, as may be feen at Ver-
fizille; .- And when they are ta-
ken out, as foon as the Air
comes to them , cut off two
Thirds Earth and fuperfiuous
Roors together ; and beeaufe
they are not eafy to be Fteep’d in
Water, they make Holes all a-
bout the Roors, and pour VVa-
ter into them, and to let them

 

OR

'hang ’till all is foak’d in; and »

then they are to be put into the
frefh Cafes. As for the Time
of doing this, fome recommend
Septemaer and 05050 as the fit-
teft Seafon ; others again the
latter End of Aprif or Beginning
of May: But the moft proper
Time with us in England, Mr.
Carpenter lays, is April.

Mont‘. Liger alfo mentions a
Half - Cafing of Orange- Tree:,
which is to be done at the End
of three or four Years only,
and after the Manner following:
Dig up the Earth, that is in your
Cafe, with an Iron Dibble ;
take it away as you dig it, and
leave the Roots as bare as you
can ; then fill up the Cafe again
with prepar'd Earth, beat it dovm
a little, and water it with Judg-
ment.

Mr. Carpenter fays, That at
Verfaill‘e: there are Orange-Tree:
in Cafes above 3 Yard Square,
which are made to take down
on all the four Sides, in order to
pare off the hard, crufly reticula-
ted Roots; which being done,
they fquirt Water with an Engine
into the moppy Roots tomoifien
them; after which, they {hut up
the four Sides again, and fill up
the Hollownefs of theCafe with
frefh Earth, and then give the
Trees a good Watering.

Nit. Bradley fays, Orange-Tree:
planted and'manag’d as he has
direéted, will, the third Sammer
after Planting, begin to bloffom;
and if they are healthy will fet
Fruit, which will be about the
Bignefs of' a Mufquet-Ball, when,
they are fet into the Houfe, and
will ripen the Summer following.

He

OR

' He tells us, That the late
King of France, Lewis XIII,

was ['0 great an Admirer of the,

Orange-Tree, that he had Rows of
them continually flowering in a
Gallery of theLom:re,which were
plac’d upon Pedefials with Cafes
ofembofs’d Silver over their Pots.

That the Manner of bringing
the Trees to bloffom at every
Se‘al‘on, was as follows: The
Gardeners firil ehoofe a fuflicient
Number of Trees for their Ufe;
thofe' they let remain without
Water ,’till the Leaves .drop’d
off; and'then give them frefh
Water on the Tops of their Pots,
and frequent ~Vifaterings in a
Glai‘s-Cafe; and f0 they came
out full of Flowers and frefh
Leaves, fit for the Place they
were to fiand in ; and thefe they
renewed every Month in the
Year: And the like, he fays,
was done in the Palace of the
Prince di Burgefi at Rome.

N otwithftanding Monf. Liger
fiys, The Railing of Orange-
Tree: by Kerml, 312,0, or Other-
wife, is a Method too flow in
thefe temperate Climates; and
therefore gives no Infirueiions
for it: Yet Mr. Carpenter lilys,
We in England d0 raife feveral
fine Plants from Sccdr, and bud
them afterwards ; and thefe Plants
when they are in Flower, are
Very proper and agreeable in the
Lodgings ofPerfons of Quality.
And hit-Bradley fays, That he
hasrfound by Experience, that
the Orange-fies: raisfd in E71—
glam’ from Kama/r, are both
more hardy, and will bear Fruit
with more Certainty, with leis

"I. vial, ‘ ’ “ -.. (x
XrOlrurC, and, 11] I‘d: greater

- O R
Quantities, than thofe that are
brought from foreign Parts.

Altho’ the Fruit does not ripen
with us f0 Well as in Portugal
and Spain; yet they ferve for
many Phyfical Ufes; and the
Flowers here are more valuable
than the Fruit.

Mr. Bradley gives the follow-
ing Account of Sowing and
Cultivating of them 2

In February, he fays, he pre-
pares a Hot—bed ; and as foon as
the burning Heat is over, having
fown the Seed: of Orange; or
Lemon: in Pots fill’d With dry,
light Earth. about an Inch deep,
he fets the Pots into thofe Hot-
beds, where having l‘tood about
ten Days, they will appear above
the Earth; and gives them but a
little Water before they come
up, left it ihould rot the Seed: .-
For he Pays, when the Seed: are
taken frefh from the Fruit, the
outward Membranes, which in:
clofe the Seedr, are always co-
ver’d with a kind of [Wad/age,
which will remain moifi for fe-
veral Days, and will be fuflicient
with a finall Heat to make the
Seed: (prom.

In Proof of this, he relates
an Experiment of hit. Ant/9072}:
wan Lexicon/40.40, who lays, That
in November he molt a little
Copper-box, and having put fome
feouring Sand into it, which
Sand was dry, and he havim

.,
taken fome Seed: out of an 0-

nmgc, put them frelh into the C
fomething ' y
and ‘
this Box he carried about with .5.
him in his VVatch—Pocket, cloie

Sand , which
lnoiiiened by

was
the Seed; ;

 

‘ihut up in the Day—time, and put ‘
it

 

“‘vvtjfiliml‘" Am Wmduw A .‘1

O R

it in aVeflel of warm Water at
Night, by that Means keeping
the Box confiantly warm. That
having done this ’till the fixth
Day, he open’d it, and found
that the Seed: had already put
forth Roots, near half an Inch
long ; and as he review’d them
from Time to Time, found them
increafe, and ‘put out Branches.

Thefc Seedr, he fays, will rife
four Inches high at leafl, during
the Warmth of the firi’t Hot-
bed ; and he advifes to fhift the
Pots into frefh Beds every five
or fix Weeks, ’till Augufl ; and
then to begin to harden them for
the Water. He alfo advifes, to
defend thefe young Plants from
the hot Summer’s Sun ; and to
give them Air only Mornings
and Evenings.

The February following, thefe
Plants are to be tranfplanted
into finall Pots, and put again
into a Hot—bed, ’till the Seafon
is warm enough to fet them
Abroad ; and in f‘faly, fome of
them will be fit to inoculate,
and the refi to inarch the May
following.

But he rather advifes the fow-
ing of Lemom, or Citron Seeds,
than thofe of Oranges, becaufe
that fince neither of them will
bear Fruit before they are either
grafted or inoculated, and the
Lemon Stocks being of a quicker
Growrh and hardy Confiitution,
and will as well receive the
Buds of Orange: as Lemom, he
prefers them before the other:
.te fays, he has feen Lem/m
Plants \rais’d after this Manner,
that have been near three Foot
high the firft Year 5 for growing

 

.' ‘0 R
together in little Groves, each
Plant has a particular Emulation
to over top the refl.

He recommends the tenth of
Early as the mofi pr0per Seafon
for budding theie Trees ; for at
that Time the Buds will readily
grow ; and all the wild Twigs
being cut ofi‘ above the Buds,
and the Wounds covered with
foft Wax, you may'before Win-
ter, if they have had the Help
of a Hon-Bed, expeét to have a
good bearing Shoot of, at leafl,
a Foot long ; and if they are
well looked after, and not over-
potted, they will begin to bear
Fruit two Years after. .

But he fays inarehing them is
amore expeditious Way to make
them bear both Flower and
Fruit, which being done in May,
they may be ‘cut . off the Aagafl.‘
following ; and according as you
have made Choice of bearing
Boughs to inlay into the wild
flocks, will then have Fruit up-
on them either green or ripe.

He fays, that he has heard of
Trees, that by this Management
have had Fruit upon them in Iefs
than two Years from the Time ,
of fowing their Seeds; and he
himfelf, by this Method, has rais’d
an Orange Tree, that had Fruit
and Flowers upon it when it
was not fix Inches high.

As to fome Particulars relat-
ing to the preferving them from
Frofls and Damps in the Win-
ter, he recommends to what he
has [aid as to the Green-houfes.

The fame Author in the Trea~
tife for the Month of Augufl pre-
fents us with a Letter from Mr.
Robert Hcflof, to himfelf, Where-

‘ 1n

OR

in he. infortns him, that he had
rais’d Seed of Orange: and Le-
mom, in a hot Bed, but very late,
(he thinks he began in arm)
that he anointed fome of them
with Soap-Water, and the Eli‘eél
was, that the foaped Seed came
up firil, and the Lemon Seeds,
he thinks, aWeek, at leaft, be-
fore thofe unioaped, or the 0-
range; toward the Middle or
latter End of Aug” , they had
about four or five Leaves, be-
fides the Seed Leaves, upon
which he grafted fome of them
upon the tender Cyons of an 0-
rauge Tree, in the Method Mr.
Bradley mentioned Nit. C urtefr
uIEd. That his grafting Wax
was only Bees Wax brought to
a Confiftence with Turpentine ;
but they all failed him, whether
by, over-tying with the yerfey,
or the Turpentine was too hot,
he does not determine.

As to the Management of 0-
range Trees, when they are in
their Cafes, Monf Liger gives
the following Direélions.

That they fhould be well dug;
that by flirting the Earth the Salts
contained \in it may be better
. difpofed to Action, and f0 in-
corporating with the Plants, will
(hoot forth the finer Sprigs; that
this digging ihould be every
Month from the Beginning of A-
pril to the Beginning of Oc‘lober,
which is to be done with an
Iron Dibble, or Pick AX, in rai-
ny Weather, great Care being
taken not to hurt the Roots.

That they mull be watered
with Difcretion : That you may
perceive when an Orange Tree
is dry by handling its Leaves,

 

OR

fbr if they feel (bit, and you can
fold them without cracking,
then they want watering : But
then as the Softnefs and Pliant—
net‘s is not always a Sign of
Drought, but fometimes of a
Decay ; therefore you mail eon-
fider whether the Earth about
the Root be dry, and the Wea-
ther exrremely hot, then you
may judge it proceeds from
want of Water.

He advii‘es, to begin to water
Orange Trees often in .May, ' and
to leave it oh“ at the End of
fixgufl, and not to water them
after that Time above once in
ten Days, till you fet them in—
to the Green—Houl‘e, when you
are to give them one good wa-
tering to l'erve them all the VVin-
ter. He adds, that fome water
them in flpril, .While they are in
the Green-Honfe ; but if this be
done, it ought to be doneve-
ry fparingly, ‘ and that not above
once a Fortnight.

Mr. Carpenter fays, that Oraazge
Tree: planted in Pots, Tubs or
Cafes, are often very muehin-
jured in England, by being too
wet at Bottom, by the great
Gluts ofRain that fall in Sep-
tember, which eaufes the Roots
of the Trees to be in a perifh—
ing Condition before the 34am-
ry or February following, by the
Gardener‘s negleéling to lay the
Trees down floping, to {hoot
off the overmuch Water. This
Injury they have received, he
lays, may be difcovered by the
Leaves changing from 3 Ver—
dnre to a pale Straw coloured
yellow, and by the falling off
of the young Fruits which were

fet

‘O R

[et in the Mouths of 3:41)! and
Ange]! before. He fays the
fame alfo fometimes proceeds
from overmuch watering them
in Autzmm, and the Holes .at
the Bottom of the Pots, €97.
being flopped, fo that the Wa-
ter cannot fiream through the
reticulated moppy Roots and
Fibres.

Orange-Trees, as well as other
. tFruit Trees, want pruning, which
Monf. Liger direéts to do as fol-
lows. ‘

To form it, as much as can
be, into the Shape of the Head
of a Mufhroom, leaving the In-
fide of the Tree full, contrary
to that of a Pear-Tree.

If an Orazge—Tree {hoot out
more on one Side than the o-
ther, then you mufi cut off the
tallefi Branches, as you think
it moft convenient for the leafl.

If it has {hot forth a great ma-
ny Branches, fome of which 0-
vertop the others, then prune
the tallei} a great deal more in
proportion than the fhorter.

All Boughs, that hang down
and fpread wide, ought to be
clipped; all dead Wood ought
to be cut off to the Quick, and all
broken Sprigs in the fame Man-
ner, even thofe that bear Fruit,
all the Prickles and little Ends
mull be taken away.

The Time of pruning them,
he fays, is in Ot‘lober.

If an Orange-Tree fpreads its
{elf more on one Side than the
other, you muff reduce that
Side, which fhoots out mofi, to
an equal Length with the o-
'ther.

 

O R

if it terminates in a Point;
you mutt artfully cut off all
that ihoors too high, (‘0 that
from a Figure almoft like a Py-
ramid, it may grow to a round
one.

When you are about to put
an Orange-Tree, that is difeas’d,
into a freih Cafe, then cut off
the Extremity of thofe Boughs
that are molt afi‘eéted, that its
Head may be proportioned to
the Vigour of its Foot, and the
Subfiance it draws from it.

Spare not the tender Boughs
of an Orange-Tree, and always
fhorten the old ones, from
whence new have {hot forth;
cover the Wounds of the great
Branches, when you have prun’d
them with a Sort of Wax, pre-
pared for that Purpofe.

Oraxge—Tree: mull: be alfo dill
budded, and the Time of doing
it is in the Month of 31m, when
they fhoot.

To disbud them is to take
away the Branches that are ill
placed, which have newly {hot
forth, and to cut off the Ends
of Boughs that were prun’d in
the Spring, which infiead of
{booting forth others, have ono
1y produced a little Tuft of fmall
Leaves in Diforder. Thefe you
mull be fure to take ofl“, that
the Sap may afterwards the bet-
ter perform its Part; and that
Bugs do not harbour there as is
common.

Monf‘. Liger fays, that it is
well known, that the Sap fi-
nifhes its firfl Aétion towards
Augufl, and that then it imme.
diately begins its fecondgdur-

mg

O R

ing which it is necel‘fary to dif-
bud again, efpecially as to thofe
Boughs ‘which grow out in the
End of that Month, or in Sep-
teméer, and not having Time
to come to Perfection, are good
for” nothing but to be cut oil”,
not only the kill Years Boughs,
and thofe that have been prun‘d,
are to be disbudded, but you muff
alfo disbud fuch as have been
newly grown, that thefe that
are left may lhoot forth the
better.- They are not to be fpar-
ed for the Multiplicity of their
Blolfonis; for by nipping off
every Thing that is fuperfluous
you will make what you leave
the handfomer, and the Trees
Will be the more beautiful.

He adds, that the Orange-Tree
has a particular Advantage above
other Fruit Trees, that it blof—
foms twice a Year, Whereas o-
{hers blow but once. The firll
Bloiforns appear in the Spring,
and of confequence, upon the
hit Years Wood; and the fe-
COnd always grow on the Top
of the Branches that are newly
'out.

The firft Bloifoms are round‘

and fmall, becaufe they are pro-
duced. by Sap, which is not in-
tirely rectified for want of Heat.

The latter are large, beauti-
ful, long and well conditioned,
becaufe the Subfiauce by which
they were nourilhed, was firong
and vigorous.

Mr. Carpenter fays, in Eng-
land, tliole Blofl‘oms that put
forth in any other Months than
'thol‘e proper For their blowing,
which with us are film’s and j‘a»
1;, are fuppol‘ed to proceed from

 

dR‘

fame Defeé‘t in the Tree, eipeé

cially if they blow in September, ‘

when they are fet in the Green—
Houfe; yet fuch Trees are of
ufe.

' Asif we would force a Tree
to have Blofforns very early, as in
Deceméer or 347mm}, then a
Month before we defign to
make ufe of fuch a Tree, we
force it on to flowering in a
Glal‘s Stove, and when it is in
blofrom, fet it into any Apart-
ment in the Houfe during the
Time of its blooming : But then
fuch a Tree will be of no fur-
ther ufe afterwards, foraYear
or two. '

Monti Liger fays, if aTree

be full of Blollbms, it is as ne-
ceffary to disburthen it of them,
as to prune oil the fuperabun—
dant Wood, el'peeially thofe Blof-
foms that come firfi out; for
there will always more come
out, than the Tree can bear, and
then the Fruit will be the bet~
ter fed; you mull not leave
two Blofforns ~at the.End of a
Bough that ought to bear Fruit ;
alfo the Blowers mull be gathered
as they blow, that the Tree may
not fpend it felt too much.

Whereas the general Praétice
of planting Orange—77w: is to do
it in Pots, or Cafes, that they
may be removed into a Green-
Houfe.

Mr. Mortimer fays, they may
be planted againll a little \Vall,
where they mull be well defend-
ed on all Sides againll the cold
“finds, and the Top well fe-
cured from Rain; and againi‘t
i‘ueh a Wall they may i'rand
without removing ; only in the

Spring

,

{a

i O R

'Spring the Sun and Air mull
be let in to them by Degrees,
till they are left quite open, [‘0
as to have only the main Stay
(landing till the next Winter.
He adds alfo that Cavities may
be contrived in, the building of
the Wall, through which the
. Heat of Fire made in feveral
Places may pals behind the
Trees; or other Fires may be
made in a Sort of Shed as in a
GreenHoufe.

He fays, he knows a Gen-
tleman who every Year makes a
Shed, or Houfe over his Orange-
Tree; and as the Tree grows
bigger, he enlarges his Houfe,
:and his Trees are very large
: and bear very well.

Mr. Bradley, fpeaking of the
planting Orange-Tree: in the na—
rural Ground, inflances the Gar—
dens of Sir Nit/Join: Carew,
: at Beddington in Surrey, where
' Trees now growing in the na-
tural Ground always bear Fruit
in great plenty, and to extraordi-
nary Perfcélion.

This Method he approves, bc-
caufe fuch Trees are not fub-
jeét to the Inconveniencies that
thofe Trees are which are culti-
vated in Tubs, Pots or Cafes ;
t which are not only liable to
l frequent Occafions of being fhift-
; ed, and of the Roots being chil-
i led, but fometimes having too
tmuch Water, and other times
I wanting it, while thol‘e that are
gplanted in the nztural Ground
f.- are free in GrOWth, and do not
i lofe their Vigour by being “’1le-
1ed, nor are in any Danger but
lfrom the frofl, which they may
a as well be guarded againl‘r as in
1= a Green-Houfe.

a.

.a .-

.-

wl~

\—

rum-w

)
[
I
,r

 

O R

He rays, that he there ob-
ferved , that . the orange - Tree:
grow on the Sout/rSide of a
Wall, not nail’d againlt it, but
at full Liberty to fpread, and
that the Gardener informed him
they were growing there in the
Time of Queen Elizabeth, and
were long before that planted
in that Place in the natural
Ground. The largell of thefe
Trees, he fays, within fix Inch-
ces of the Ground, was about
ten Inches Diameter; and that
it was larger in its Stem than
that at V erfm'ller in France : And
whereas that in Frame was in a.
large Cafe, this was in the o-
pen Ground ; and when that in
France was hous’d in Ofloécr it
had no Fruit upon it, but this
at Beddiagton brings large well
grown Fruit.

And that in the Year 1719,
there Were Omega-Tree; that
three Years before had been
tranlplanted from Pots into the
Natural Ground, which were
grown three Times. as much as
he had ever feen any Tree that
had grown in a Pot or Cafe in“
that Time. _

That the Confervatory for
thofe Plants in the ”Cater, is
a Frame that may be taken to
Pieces , and as he fuppofes is
quite taken away in the Summer,
and put together again in the
Beginning of Winter, which
Method he commends, as being
attended with feveral Conveni-
ences.

He adds, That if we would
cultivate Orange—fiver in the
Natural Ground, they may as
well be planted in W'allzsp or

at»

OR

Parterres, as any other, by only
providing Coverings for them of
Thatch, and four Pannels of
double Straw Mattraifes, or fuch
Materials, to be fix’d to aFrame,
as may keep their Roots and
Shoots from the Froft, in [Vin-
zer ; and that fuch Sorts of Co-
verings or Shelters are us’d in
fome Parts of Italy and France,
where the Frofis are more fevere
for the Time they lafl, than they
are in England; only opening
them now and then, when the
Sun mines, and when there is
no Danger of the F rolls hurtng
their Rootsa

He adds, That an Orange”
Tree will certainly do well, if
we do but keep it from the
Frofi; and it is not to be fear’d,
that Trees planted in the Natu—
ral Ground will (‘0 foon feel
the Froft, as thofe in Tubs and
Cafes.

He likewife gives another In-
flance of the Advantage of Plant-
ing Orange-Tree: in the Open
Ground, by a Perfon who meet-
ing with a Parcel of languifh-
ing Orange—Treat, which were
thought to be of no Value,
which he recover’d, by firi‘t pre-
fcribing a Glafs—cafe well ex-
pos’d, in which he directed a
Hot-bed of Tanners Bark, and
having wafh’d and examin’d their
Roots, and laid them in Water
for fome Time, planted them in
Baskets of proper Earth, and
‘ fill’d up the Divifions between
them with the fame Soil ; the
Confequence of which was ,
the Trees for the molt Part made
Shoots of two Foot, and fome
near three Foot the fame Sam-
mer, and produc’d Bloflbms.

OR

Monf; Liger fays, Thatr be-
fides the Decaying that Orange-
Tree: are liable to, there are o~
ther Cafualttes ; as, they are fub-
Jeé‘t to be eaten up with Bagr,
which when they have had Time
to breed and multiply on Orange-
Treer, there 15 no Hopes of rid-
ding them of them, but by {trip-
ping oft' all their Leaves, and
rubbing their Branches clean with
a Cloth: But before they are
grown f0 numerous, he advifes
to rub them off with a Bruih, or
elfe to fer-ape them off with the
Nails of your Finger ; which is
the belt Way.

Mr. Mortimer fays, You muff
carefully brufh the Spider—flea:
Off your Orange—Tree: ; for they
delight to work on them, be-
caule their fragrant Blolloms at—
tract the Flies.

Orange-Tree} are alfo infefied
by EmmetJ; to deftroy which,
Mr. Carpenter advii‘es, to have
two femicircularearthenTroughs,
which are to be plac’d round the
Stem of each Tree; and then
join’d together with a Cement ;
then to fill up the hollow of the
Circle with a prepar’d Loam,
made up into a Coniil’tence like
Dough, and to [lick a little
green Mofr on the Top of the
Dough, to keep it from Crack-
ing by the Heat of the Sun; and
thus to prevent the Emmett from
the Root of theTree, from creep-
ing up the Stem of it ; and when
this is done , to fill up the
Trough with Water.

What has been faid concern-
ing Onmge-Treer, will ferve alfo
for Lemam; the Nature of thefe
two Trees being the fame, they

 

require

O R.
‘ itquire the me Method in the
. Management of them. ‘ ’
Wax for Orange-Trees. ] Take
: the neweft yellow Wax you can
1 get , put it into an earthen Pot,
1 mingle it with fome Oil of
Oliver, about tWO Thirds as
t much in Weight as the War ,
l 'melt it together, hit it well a—
! bout, pour it our hot into a Pan
1 of Water , and when it is come
Ito a hard Confil‘tence, lay it by
l for Ufe.
1‘. Bradley fays, Mr. Fair-
1 2qu at Hoxtoh, by a peculiar
IMethod he has, has now fome
{Hundreds of little Orange and
'1 Lemon- Tree: With Fruit upon
1 them as large as any that is
4 brought frOm Abroad.
Dr‘. Agricdla gives us the fol-
llowing ACCOunt of the Method
us’d by a Gardener, in Inarching
an Orange- -Tree: He plac’d a
Wild Orarlge- Stock near a fruit-
ful Tree, and after having pick’d
out a found Branch of each, he
- cut a little of the Bark and H700
from each of them, about two
‘or three Inches in length, in the
LPlace where they were to em-
:brace or be joined together; he
;clofed them firié‘tly one upon
.the other, each remaining upon
1 its Tree, and then plaifier’d them
W1th Gmfirg— ”742:, and ty’d
:' them; and fet up a Stick near
1 to them, and ty’d the Sack to it,
» that it might not be hurt by the
fihaking of the Wind ; and when
the faw they were perfectly uni-
:ted, (which may be perceiv’d by
,tthe Branch beginning to {hoot
zanew, which is commonly in
:11er than fix Months) he cut the
:Branch off the bearing Tree , fo
‘1 0L II.-

 

0 R
that it remain’d ‘join’d with the
Wild One, which by this Means
was improv’d.

He alfo tells us, His Way of
cutting of JOths , by which
Means great Branches ot Orange-

reer may become perfeét Trees,
and be caus’d quickly to blolfom
and bring forth Fruit.

His Method is , He takes a
long Bram/a of an Orange-Tree,
( the longer it is, the higher the
Tree grows ) he cuts it accord-
ing to its Joints or Years , when
the firfl Joint, which is near the
Trunk, can be met with, much
is got by it, as to the Length of
the Branch; but if that cannot
be gotten, the mist is to betaken.
Then he cuts quite ofi all the
Side-Braze/Jer of two and three
Years and upwards, but lays
them by carefully; for if thefe
be treated according to their
Age, they Will be fo many little
Orange ~ Trees. The fmalldi:
Twigs alfo he takes off With his
dKnif‘e, which he cuts below the
Buds, either with or without
Leaves, and does them up with
his Noble Mammy, and f0 no-
th1ng1s loft; for ('0 all may be—
COme either Trees or Shrubs

When a long Branch has Bad:
with one fingle Leaf, thefe may
be left on , but when a Bram/J
is freed from the Twig: of the
Age of fome Years, then it is to
be bent in a Semicircle, and a
Bit of a Bram/a that has been
cut to Pieces is to be taken and
apply’d to the Sinuofity or Bend-
ing, and ty’d on with Pack-
thread; and f0 another little
Stick on the other Side is to be
ty’d with the fame Packthread;

then

O R

then the Packthread is to be
brought over, and ty’d under-
neath, to that neither Bark or
Trunk may be cut by the Pack-
thread: Then the whole being
dipt in the Noble Mummy, a lit-
tle cooled, is to be committed to
the Ground. .

When a Branch that ha's been
thus prepar’d, has been for fome
Time in the Ground, it will be-
gin to {hoot its Root: both thro’
the yam and the Pare: of the
Bark, when the Mummy falls
off.

He tells us alfo of his Way of
Planting a Branch of an Orange-
Tree, the wrong End upwards.
He fays, he took a pretty big
Brand: of an Orange - Tree in
flugufl, and took off all the
Side-Brancber, but not the Blair,
and cut it exactly at the Joint,
and drefs’d it above and below
with Mummy, and fecur’d it at
the Bottom with Pr0ps and
Ligatures, and planted it the
fmall End downwards; from
whence it neceflarily follow’d,
that the Buds with their Leaves
hung downwards. When the
Mummy began to break, the Root
began to appear, and the Bud:
began to ihoot, and became very
fine Twigs. But he adds in the
reverfe Way of Multiplication,
a Stove or Repofitory is necef-
fary.

Mr. Mortimer advifes, in the
Month of May, or when you fee

 

the Illa/[Jerrt'i‘fret’ put forth, to
bring Orange-77w; out of the;
Confervatory; and alfo to tranf-i
plant them: To fill the Cafes!
with Natural Earth, nken up;
halt‘a Spit deep, from under the 2

0 R1
Taft of the bell Failure-Ground,
which has been fodder’d on, and
to mix it with rotten Cow-
Dung, or very mellow Soil,
skreen’d and prepar’d fome Time
before; and if this be too fiifl“,
to lift a little Lime among it,
and to put in a few rottenWillow
Sticks; to cut the two biggeft
Roots a little, efpecially at the
Bottom ; and to fet the Plants
not too deep. He advifes alfo,
to lay fome Bruihwood at the
Bottom of the Cafe, to give the
Water a free Pallage, that it may
not rot the Fibres. To fer them
in the Shade for a Fortnight,
and afterwards to bring them in-
to the Sun by Degrees, and to
water them with ater in
which Sheeps Dung has been in-
fus’d, and has flood in the Sun
for fome Days before it be us’d;
but he cautions againft Drench-
ing them too much at firi’t, and
letting it touch the Stem. He
adVifes, That if you cut ofl“ any
Branch, to make a Sear-cloth of
Rofin, Turpentine, B eet—W ax and
Tallow , and to plaifier the
Wound with it ’till it is healed.
Mr. Bradley tells us, That
whereas Mr. Evelyn has in fome
of his Works mention’d a Me-
thod of Grafling Orange-Treat,
which has been to little taken
Notice of by Gardeners, that he
had never feen it praétifed, ’till
by Accident he found it done by
Nit. H’lritmil, at Hoxton, who,
while fome of his Orange—Stock:
were in the Confervatory, had
the h/lisforrune to have them
gnaw’d by Mice; they having
bark’d a Couple of them to near
the Root. that he could neither
{nom-

o R' ,
inoculate or inertia them, try’d
the EIPeriments of Grafl‘mg one
in the Bark, and the other in the
Clefl. Thefe Grafl's both took,
and that Orange—Tree, that was

in the Bark {hot vigor-
oufly the fame Summer; but
that which was grafi‘ed in the
Cleft {hot more moderately, and
put forth feveral Bloffoms a few
Months after Grafling ; and both
of them made handfome Plants
three or four Months after Graf-
ting. This Moderation of that
grafl‘ed in the Cleft, he fuppofes
might be oCcafion’d by the Pinch-
ing of the Cleft, and by that
Means Checking the too vigo-
rous Pallage, of the Sap of the
Stock.

The 3017.] Mr. Mortimer fays,
The mol’t proper Earth to plant
Orange-Tree: in, is that which is
taken out of a Melon or Cucum-
ber-Bed, and equally mix’d or
temper’d with a fine loamy
Earth ; and ['0 to remain all the
leter, (0 be lifted into Cafes :
Or that inflead of the Earth of a
Melon or Cucumber-Bed, you may
ufe Nears Dung, and order it as
the [Melon-Earth.

The Earth, Mr. Bradley fays
he has made Ufe of with Sue—
Cefs , was one third Part of
rotted lVood, one third Part of
freih fund} Loam, and as much
Melon-Earth well mix’d and lift-
ed together: And this Soil, he
fays, he always found to make
his Trees profper, and produée
exCellent Fruit.

Monf. Ligcr fays, That the
Orange-Tree grows naturally in
imoifl Soil; but then it is in
“h a Climate where the Sun

 

O R
has Power to carted! that Hua
midity: And therefore, if we
would accommodate our felves
to the Nature of the Tree, we
mutt compofe an Earth of fuch
a Temper, that for Want of, this
Heat, the Humidity may not turn
into a too grofs and too cold
Humour. And on the other
Hand, that the Earth be not too
light; for in that Cafe the Tree
will in a great Meafure be de-
priv’d of the Subftance requir’d
for its Nouriihment: And to ‘
avoid thefe tWo Extremes, he
propofes the following Compo—
fition as the molt proper for
temperate Climates.

Chufe a good fubfiantial Earth,
as a fiatblackiih Gravel, or a
greyiih Soil, neither too light
nor too moifl; fift it, and put’
to it two thirds of bed Mould,
and one of Cow-Dung, through-
1y rotten, all being well mix—
ed together; and when the 0d
rangeTree: are planted cover the
Superficies three Inches deep
with another Earth, compofed
of Part of that which is natural
and Part of pure Mould.

He fays, fome ufe the Earth
that proceeds from the rotten

Stems of Citruls and the
Leaves, of Melons and fome
other Plants, mix’d together,

mingled vith one third~ Part
Mould.

Of potting Orzmge - Trees: ]
VV’nen the Mould is light, the
Tree may have a larger l’ot than
when it is more loamy or hca~
vy; for altho’ it be direé’ted
to let them have finall Pots,
this is chiefly upon account of
their being watered by 'unskilful
H 2. Perfons,

0, R.
Perfons; for if the Earth be
heavy, the Water will lie long
at the Root of an Orange-Tree,
and if it dOes f0, it will chill
the Root and del‘troy the Plant.

It is common for Trees to
fufi‘er by watering when they
are in large Pots, efpecially
Tubs, and then it is ufualto
fay, they are over-potted; and
the Remedy for it is to lhift
the Trees into a lefl'er Pot;
whereas if Orange-Tree: be plant-
ed in a light Mould, they will
bear larger Pots, and then they
will futFer but little Injury by
being watered more than is ne-
cefihry, becaufe the Water will
not lie cold and chilly about
their Roots, but will pafs free-
ly, and the Trees Will thrive.

Mt. Bradley fays, there is a
great Difference between the
planting Orange—Tree: in Pots,
and in Tubs, as to the Health
of the Plants, for the Tubs being
almoft as broad at Bottom as
they are at the Top, they hold
Water in their Bottoms a great
deal longer than Pots will do, and
fo often injure the Roots.

If Orange—Tree; out-grow the
Tubs or Cafes, in which they are,
then the Roots {trike into the
Wood of the Tubs, and then,
when they are fhifted, they mult
be torn or broken; and when
they are ihifted it is a trouble-
(‘0an Matter to difengage the
Root from the Tub; and as
the Tubs will fcarcely lalt a-
bove four Years, before they
will grow rotten, lbmetimes
there will be a Neeeility of {hitt-
ing them at an unproper Seafon,
. which endangers their Growth;

 

 

 

after the Bark flies

\ o R
but good Pots are not liable“:
to this Inconvenience.

For the watering of Orange—i:-
T ree: Mr Mortimer recommends:
Sheep: or De'er: Dung {teeped in. 1
Water“, about half a Bulhel to air
Hoglh'ead, which may be fill’dl
up five or fix times without rem
newing the Dung; but this Wa- ‘
ter mult not be us’d before it:
has l‘tood three Days in the:
Sun, for the firlt time, and a--
bout two Days for the 0--
thers ;- but if the Trees have:
once began to be watered with;
this, it mult be confiantly made .
ufe of, or the Trees will de—-
cline.

Mr. Bradley tells us, that Mr.
Fairclaild has obferved, that the
Orange—Tree has male and female
Blofloms; the male having on-
ly the Stamina and Apicer, with
their Dult, and the female Blof—
fonis a large divided Piflillam.

He adds, that the Hermapbro-
dire Orange is one, which up-
on‘ the fame Tree have com»-
pleat Oranges, compleat Le-
mons, and fomctimes half an
Orange join’d to half a Lemon-
Fruit quartered regularly.

He lays likewife, Orange:
have been made to {trike Root,
and produce Bram/yer, Lea'vei,
Flower; and Fruit, by letting"
the tingle Lem/e; half Way in
the Earth.

A Remedy for Orange Tree:
that flip t/Jcir Bark] 07117ng-
‘Trec; fometimes fling or? their
Bark in Flakes of abouta Foot
long: This Difeafe fllCVVS it l‘elf
by a Speck of Gum iilhingwout
of the Bark, and a little time
from the

\Vodd,

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“Wood, and then you may per-
:eive a great Number of finall
-=‘)lack Inleas between the Bark
and the Wood. . ’
1 . For this Diflemper Mr. Brad-
{2}! propofes the following Re-
medy: Firft to cut the dillemper-
led Bark from the Wood, till
~:rou have left nothing in the
Wound but Health and F refll-
‘aefs, and no Spots; and after~
«wards to wall) the bare Wood
with Water, in which the Stalks
bf Tobacco have been boiled,
the Water being warm.

To make this Water, boil-

1 Pound of Tobacco Stalks in
four Quarts of Water for a
Quarter of an Hour. This is
I foveteign Remedy againlt In—
.y'eéts, efpecially fuch as are in
.(he Bark of Trees.

Having boiled the Tobacco
Stalks as directed, beat fome
Yampbz’re very final], then melt
bme Bees-\Vax and Rofin, and
fiaving dipt a Linen Rag in it,
while it is Warm, firew the
wowdered Campbire upon it, and
ipply it to the naked Wood,
lbOVC and below the lncifion,
'or two or three Inches, and
find it on with Bal‘s. This will
.lefiroy even the Eggs of thofe
rinfects. Let this remain on for
gwelve Months, and then take
t 05‘, and if you pleafe, you
.‘ nay fupply the Place of the Plai-
Jler with Cow-Dung.

You may alfo water the
Heads of the Trees now and
then with Water wherein To-
’DijCO Stalks have been infuf-
:e .

' There are Oraage-Treer at Sir
aNir/aolzz: Carew’s, at Brdington,

 

0R

according to the Account of '
Mr. Henry Day, the ingenious
Gardener, that are fourteen Foot
high from the naked Ground.
The Girt of the Stem is twenty-
nine Inches, and the fpreading
of the Branches is nine Foot one
Way, and twelve Foot another.
Thefe Trees are compleatly full
of Flowers, and continually full
of Fruit, which ripens perfeét-
1y.

A certain Author, in a Letter
to Mr. Bradle concerning the
PrOpagation of! foreign Plants
in England, fays, that the Bar-
badoer Claim Orange exceeds the
Lisbon in the Richnefs of the
Juice; and that there is in that
Ifland another Fruit of the 0.-
range Tribe, which is called a
a Sbadzlock, and is from four to
eight times as big as an Orange,
being a noble Fruit to look at,
and alfo not of an unpleafant
Tafle. There are of this Fruit
two Sorts, the red and thew/we,
but the red is the better Fruit.

21. ORCHARD.

THE natural Soil of an Or--

chard, Mr. Mortimer fuys,
is more to be regarded than that
of a Garden, becaufe the Fur-
niture of a Garden takes but fhal~
low Root, and ['0 may be eafily
manurcd to the Depth, that the
Plants require; but Fruit Trees
taking deep Root ought to have
a deep and rich Soil.

If the Land defign’d for an
Orchard be a Turf or Green-
fwerd, he advifes, that it be
plowed two Years before it be
planted with Trees, in order to
H 3 make

OR

make it loofe and mellow 5 and
the deeper it is plowed the bet-

ter, becaufe the Trees will the 1

eafier take Root; and if you
lay on it Dung, or Manure, it
will be the better mixed with
the natural Soil by plowing:
But if you have a mind to low
Pea: or Beam, Es’c. With your
Trees, it is the belt way to
dig it‘. \

, In planting the Trees fet them
not too near together, nor fet
any Plants near them, that may
rob them of their Nourilhment,
either from the Earth, Dews or
Rains.

In an Acre of Ground, at
forty Foot Difiance, two hun-
dred and fifty fix Trees may be
planted ; at fifty F oor Dillance,
an hundred and flirty nine ‘; and
at fixty Foot Difiance, an hun-
dred and twenty one. Let the
Earth about the Trees be always
kept light and clean, and often
cultivated, ['0 as to mend and
cliean it as often as is requir-
e .

Earth that is hot or dry ought
to be dug or tilled in Summer
time, either a little before it
rains, while it rains, or foon af—
ter it has rained; and the oftener
and the deeper it is tilled, the
better. The Tilling it in hot
Weather will kill the Herbs, or
Weeds that grow in it: But
cold. firong and moill Land, is
belt to be tilled in dry Weather.

The Stirring of the Earth fre~
quently prevents its native Vir—
tue from being walled by the
Growth of Weeds; but thefe
Stirrings are not futfieient eit-
cept the Weeds be gathered out;

'0 R
for they will in Summer and Au-
film» multiply without End.

But when the Trees are in
Blofl‘qm, then the Earth is not
to be flirted.

If the Earth be dry, you
-may give it a large Culture, or
Tillage, the Beginning of the
Winter, and alfo in the Spring,
that the Snow and Rain that
falls may the more eafily link
into the Earth,

But where the Earth is flrong'
and moiil, it is bell to give it.
only a fmall Tillage in Oc‘Zaber,
to remove the Weeds, and then
to-give it a large Tillage in the
Spring, when the Rains are 0-
ver: And as for heavy, moiit
Ground, if you trench it againfl:
Winter, you lhould break it up
but flightly the firfi Time.

But if the Earth of your Or-
chard be fandy or dry, them
make Gutters to carry off the:
Water, that falls in hafiy Show-t
ers, to thofe Places that are
manur’d, that none of it may be
waited, to no Profit, in Walks
or Alleys : But. if the Soil:
be firong and fat, drain it from
the Orchard as much as may
be.

If the Sand lie flat, ['0 that
the Water is apt to {land upon;
it, or if the Soil be fliallow,
it may be helped fomething in
plowing, by gathering the Land
"always up and near the Place
where you delign to plant the
Rows of Trees, and this will
deepen the Soil where they
Hand, and draw off the Moif-
ture. ' g |

Rain W’ater does not link (‘0,
deep into the Land as Snow,

" and

 

 

 

O R
and therefore if the Land be
moift, it .is advantageous to re-
move the Snow from about the
Trees.

Mr. Switzer advifes to chufe
a Piece of Ground for an Or-
chard in a declining Land, ly-
ing open to the South, South Ea]!
or South lVefl; this he Would
have defended from the North
Winds by Woods , Efpalier
Trees, Buildings, {9%.

The Soil he prefers is a dry,
rather than a moilt one, a flat
and natural deep Mould; be-
caufe Orchard Fruit Trees do
not only grow very large, but
broad alfo, and do (boot a con-
fiderable Depth into the Earth.
It‘ the Ground be uneven ,
he advifes to level it, otherwife
thoi‘e Trees which grow pendant
and are not apt to grow tall,
Ought to be planted on the
highell Situation, and thofe that
grow tall in the lowelt Places.

He recommends the planting
Rows of Walnut or Chefnut
Trees on the North Side of an
Orchard efpecially, and alfo on
the 11/4} Side, to break the
Force of the Winds of Autumn,
which are very injurious.

As to preparing the Ground,
he advifes, if it be a flat, wa-
tery, fhallow Soil, to plow it
two Years before you plant it,
and gather up the Ground near
the Places where the Trees are
to be planted, and fo the Fur-
rows that lie between will help
to carry off the water. '

As to the Pofition of the
Trees, he direéts to fer the firfi
Rows on the North Side, with

,l’ear Trees, 01" fuch Trees as

OR

are apt to grow the tallefl ; and
as they decreafe in height, the

‘rell to the South, that fo they

may all, as much as can be
enjoy the South Sun, and be
let’s expofed to the Northern
Winds.

If it be a Turf or Green-
fword, to plough it as before, to
make it mellow and loofe, and
to manure it with proper Manure.
If it be a fpringy Land, to
trench the Head of the Spring
deeper than the Channel runs in
the Earth; and this Trench you
may either leave open , and
cleanfe it every Year; or you
may fill it with Offer-Boughs,
and cover it with the Earth and
Turf that was digg’d out of it.
As for the Form of the Or-
chard, if you would have it beau-
tiful and magnificent, you may
make a handfome Walk all
round it, and a grand Walk the
whole Length through the Mid-
dle; as alfo a fpacious crofs-
Walk. The Way to do this,
may be, by planting the Trees in
a Line, and leaving a double
Space between the Rows in the
Middle, on the Sides, and a-
crofs. Thefe Walks may be
planted with feveral Sorts of
Fruit: You may plant lofty
Pear: in the middle Walk, the
larger Kinds of Apple: in the
crofs Walk; Cherries in one
End Walk, and Golden Pippin:
in the other; and Cod/int or o—
ther F ruit-Trees in Hedges, in
the two Side Walks. ' '

By Planting your Orchard
thus, and keeping the Walks
mowed, you will have an agree~

 

able Variety ; and make it as de~
« H 4. ' lightful

O R
lightful as at Steve or little
Wood: But you mull- be fure
to take Care to give the various
Kinds of Fruit their proper Situ-
ations and Pofitions. '

As for the Dillance the Trees
{hould be planted, he recom-
mends twenty four Foot .35 pro-
per, but not to exceed fourteen
Yards ; and in'this you ought to
have Regard both to the Kinds
of Fruit-Trees you would plant,
and the Soil ; becaufe forne Sort
of Trees require more Room
than others ; and if the Land be
rich, the Trees Will arrive to a
greater Stature than in poor
Land ; and a good Difiance al-
ways is bell, _n0t only for the
Growth and Health of the Trees,
but alfo for the Ripening of the
Fruit. _

If it can be done with Secu—
rity, it is the bell Way to re-
move Trees very young, and to
fer them prefently, pruning the
greatell Part of the Tops; but
not cutting too much of the
Roots. '

'If the Trees, you are to re—
move, are of the Age of ten or
twelve Years, you mull dig a
circular Trench round them in
November; this Trench ‘fhould
be as narrow as may conveni-
ently ferve, but as for the Depth
ot‘it, it fliould be fo deep as to
meet with mol‘t of the fpreading
Roots: The Dil‘tanee of this
Trench from the Body of the
Tree {hould be fueh, as you
would‘cut the Root oil, when
you remove it. Having made
the Trench, cut of? the Roots
' clear, but do not lplit not bruit‘e
the Bark; and when you have

 

 

, O R' - -

done this, fill up the Trench
again. ~ - "
The great Roots will by the"
Odober following have put forth
many fibrous Roots, and be pre.’
paring more; which, when you
remove it, will make the Tree
able to draw a greater Quantity
of Nouriihment than it would
otherwife do ; and by that
Means will thrive better in its‘
new Situation. I
He alfo directs, That in Tranfl-
planting large Trees, you fet that
Side of the Tree to the South;
Eafl that flood there before, un-
lefs it be fueh Trees that lean,
and in thofe ( however they
flood before) you muf’t fet the
inelining Side to the South-Mfl,
from whence come the iltOngelt
Winds. -
When you have firfi planted'
an Orchard, you may fow the
Ground with Beam,_Pear, or
other Kitchin Legumes ; or with
Wheat, {‘0 that Care be taken
that the Trees are not injured by
the plowing and gathering in the
Harrell: But if the Ground. be
not lilbfiantillly good, the Wheat
will f0 much impoverilh the >
Land, as to impair the Trees, :
and hinder them in their Growth. ,:
As to the Management of tall 5
Orchard Fruit—Trees, he directs,
to cut oii‘ all the Side—Branches, '
’till the Trees have attained the
Height you would have them;
but if you would have fpreading
Trees, you mull leave fome
Side-Branches, but not fo many
as to weigh down the Tree, and
you mull not futi’er them to
grow bulliy-headed for the firlt
three Years. This you may pre-
vent.

 

O R

went, by cutting off fome of the

infide Shoots, fuch as grow pen-

.dant, and fuch as crofs one ano-
:ther.

‘ if the Soil be not {Q rich: as it
lihduld be," you may amend it in
FtWO or three Years, in the W?»-
:tcr, by opening the Earth round
.about the Trees, on the Outfide

of the Ground that was digg’d

when they were firlt planted
there; and then you fhould fill
up the Trenches again a Month
after with fome proper Manure,

mix’d with the Mould that came

out of them.

Or you may improve the Soil
by making a Trench along the
upper Part of the Orchard, and
a Gutter down to every Row of
Trees ; and take away the Turf
round about each Tree, about
the Breadth of half a Yard ; and
when there happens a rainy Day,
let the Draining of fome Dung-
hill that lies near, be let down
to one Row, and the next rainy
Day to another Row, and {0 on;
f0 that each Row of Trees may
have three or four of thefe Re-
frefhments in a Matter.

But if the Orchard, by being
level, will not permit of this
Method, then pour two or three
Pails full of Water, in which
Dung has been fleep’d, into the
Places Where the Roots were
opened, and put in the old
Earth again, againi‘t the Spritzg.

He recommends the White-
Yhom, as the befi Fence for an
Orchard, which When it is
grown up, may be plaih’d, to
prevent Swine or Sheep frOm
Creeping through it. But he does
not approve of any finooth, quick

I

 

 

 

o, R
Fence; becaufe their Tops and
Roots, when grown, are injuri-
ous to the Hedge and Fruit

.. Trees.

You may plant two Rows of
good Hawthorn , and a dead
Hedge on the Outfide of the,
Ditch, and by doing this, the
Quichfct will grow the fatter;
for if the Hedge be upon the
Ditch, it will be apt to choak
the Quick. ’

If there be an old Hedge about
an Orchard, it ihould be well
plalh’d, the Ditch amended, and
all the Trees on the Outfide of
the Hedge ihould- be cut down,
except on the North and Weft
Sides; the one requiring a De-_
fence to keep the Orchard warm,
and the other a Security againft
the flutzmm Winds. But the
South and Eat/1‘ Sides ought to be
open, to admit the Sun’s Rays,
for the Ripening of the Fruit.

Mr. 3. B. The Author of the
Hereford/hire Orchard: enume-
rates the Benefits of Orchards,
that befides their Profit, they
fwceten and purify the ambient
Air, and by that Means, he
thinks, conduce to the Health
and long Life , for which
Herefi/nt/hz‘re has been famous;
they alfo fence their Habita-
tions and Walks from the
Strokes of Winds in Winter,
and afford Shade and Shelter in
the Heat of Summer, but har—
bour a conflant Aviary of fweet
Singers without Wires. -

He prefers an Orchard that'
has a Situation inclining to-
wards the North, yet he thinks
there is no necefiity to be nice
in that Point; for Orchards prove1

= ' we] '

’ O R
well towards the North. In
like manner he rather approves
of a Situation towards the Eafl
than the lVe/l, altho’ the lVefi
Wind is the belt, and the Wef-
tem Sun ripens bell.

The Blai’ts ufually come from

the full Sam/2 ; and about Noon ‘

time of the Day, it may be
pbferved, that the hurtful Winds
are apt to gather into Chan-
‘ nels, upon the Surface of the
Earth, as the Streams of' Water
do : \And it is found by yearly
Experience, that one Point of
Heaven, at a Miles Difiance, is
far more agreeable or hurtful
than another, either by Reafon
‘ of neighbouring Hills and Vales,
or fuch as are at a Difianee, or
by Reafon of Vapours which a—
rife from the Lakes, moorifh
Ground or Rivers, which are
turn’d into Blafls by F toils.

It is grown into a Proverb in

Herefbrczfjbire, that moifl Frofis,
and fuch as follow Rain, blaf’t,
but dry Ftofls do not; and
dampy Grounds caufe‘. fuch
Frofls, that in other Places
would bedry ones.
’ Sometimes in a Bottom the
Air is ['0 elofe penn’d up, and
the Heat of the Sun fo multi-
ply’d by Refleélion, that it is
apt to colleé‘t the Soutbcm Blafls,
as in a Furnace or Oven; and
thefe are the moft frequent, and
mofi hurtful to the nicer Fruit,
and to Hops.

If the Ground be equable,
that is, if it be in any Propor-
tion inclining to a Level, he
thinks it is pity to flock it with
natural Plants; But that the
more expedite 'vVay would be

 

O R

to fet Crab Stocks in 032050, in
the quincunx order, at thirty
Foot Diflance; and the next
Spring, after they have ftood
three Years, to have them graft—
ed with the' belt Fruit, by an
Artiii.

Thefe Crab-Stock: he would '
not have to be above the Big—
nefs of a Man’s Wrifi; becaufe

if they are bigger they will not

be (‘0 apt to clofe with the
Graft, and the Rain finding a
Hole, will be apt to endanger
the Stock. He fays, it is a
common Cuflom with them to
fet two or three Grafts upon
the plain Stock, which Grafts
for Variety Sake might be dif-
ferent, without any Hazard or
Damage.

It has been alfo the Cufiom
with them, of late, for one on-
ly Graft, to Hope. the Stock;
and they think this is the more
certain Way to unite the Stock

and Graft compleatly, and with

Expedition.

If the Stocks in a Nurfery
be as finall as Twigs, he ac-
counts the fureft and fpeedi-
ell Method to be by the Joint
Graft, where no lefs than eight
Sides are engaged.

If the Ground be very une-
qual, he thinks it a great Charge
and :1 Vanity to level it; and be-
fidcs the Beauty and Refreih-
ment of a \Vildernefs, an In:
equality may be better, more
kind and more fruitful, than an
Equality, and of a Certainty,
more fit for Variety, and a
Change of Seafons. This Grodnd \
is the fittefi for a natural Apple,
which is injured, maimed or
' ‘ ‘ ‘ wounded,

O R

Wounded, when it is prevented
from taking its natural Courfe
and forced into order; yet he
would not plant' in thofe Bot-
toms where the Water cannot
pafs away : The Defcent would
be befl for the Situation of a
natural Apple.

Clay Land binds a Tree faf-
ter from the Strokes of the
Wind; and fandy Land battens
the Growth of it.

If the Crufi, or rich Surface of
the Earth be but neara Foot deep,
he is of Opinion, it is fully e-
nough; becaufe if the Surface
be deeper, he has not feen any of
his Country Stocks, which have
been fet more than a Foot deep,
except they are large Stocks,
which ihould keep their former
Depth.

In {locking Ground, if you
are not certain, as to the na-
ture of the Ground, he approves
of Pears and Apples alternately,
which will afford Beauty, Pro-
fit and Variety; or 'to plant
a Winter Apple alternately with
a Cyder Apple. As for Pears,
they grow a great while before
they take up much Room ; and
when a grafted Apple is decayed,
for the generality the Pear-Trees
begin to be in Perfeaion.

Every Orchard, with them,
is commonly fenc’d from the
North and North—Ea]? Winds,
with Rows of Elms.

Mr. Bradley informs us, that
one of his Acquaintance having
occafion to remove about a Mile
from his former Habitation ,
where he had an Orchard of
Apple and Pear Trees of twen-
ty Years Growth, which were

 

O R‘

in good Health, and bore Fruit
plentifully, was defirous to take
them along with him, and did
it in the following Manner.

He Opened Trenches about
the R00t of his Trees in No-
vember, and at the fame Time
made Holes for them in his
new Situation; which Holes
were big enough to receive them
with Clods of Earth about their
Roots. And foon after, the,
F roits having ['0 fufliciently hat-A
dened the Earth about their
Roots, he raifed his Trees out
of the Ground, , with Levers;
without breaking any of the
Earth from them, and carried
them on Sledges to his new
Orchard, where they were plant-
ed Without clofing any Earth to
their Roots, till it began to
thaw, and then he filled up the
Trenches, and trod down the
new Earth very clofe; and a.
Month after, prun’d off one
third Part of their Boughs, to
make Amends for the Part of. ‘
Roots that they had loft; and
the next Summer he had a good
Parcel of Fruit upon them. ‘

2.2. O n x E N r.
ORIENT fignifies the E41.
23. ORIENTAL.

RIENT/{L fi '65
Eaflem. M

O

24. ORIENT qumocrrar.

0 R I E N T E U I N 0 C-
7111 L is that oint of the
Horizon the Sun rifes upon,

' when

D R ,
when it enters the Signs of Arie:
and Liéra.

25.0RIEN1‘ IESIIVAL.

ORIENT A; STIVAL is
\ the Sammer-Eafl, or Nari/7-
Err/*-

46. ORIENT HYBERNAL.

ORIENT HTBERNAL
E is the W'inter—Eq/l, or Sour/J-
a

a7. 0 n N'r‘r H 0G ALON, or
STAR-FLOWER. ‘
ORNITHOGALO Nis
deriv’d of the Greek ’Ogleé-
ymov, Which fignifies Hem-
Milk, or as Marcel/It: will have it,
by Reafon of the Whitenefs of
its Flowers, which refembles the
Whitenefs of Milk.

Defcriptz'onj This Plant from
its Root ihoots forth long, nar-
row,'creeping Leaves ; from the
Midfl of thefe, rifes a Stalk a
Foot and half high, adorn’d at
the Top with feveral Pediclcs or
F cot-Stalks, in the Form of an
Umbrello, beating Flowers con—
filling of fix Leaves, difpos’d in
a round Form. In the Middle
grows a Chive, which becomes
a roundifh Fruit, divided into
three Cells, fill’d with little,
roundifh, black Seeds.

Varieties} There are of it fe-
veral Sorts : _

The Grant Omitbognlm, bear-
ing a weir.) Flower , hanging
down like the Tops of Fame! :

The Oman/Liguicw with a Hat/l?
Flower :

,0 S . . .
‘The Arabian Ornirbogalon, '
which is a Sort of ITIyacim‘b.
The lid} Sort is the fcarcefl,
and there are of difl'erent Colours
of them; as, the dirty coloured,
the greeni/b white, and the pale
Hue. ‘ . t
This Plant is multiply’d by~
Bulbs, which are very p1enti--
ful. It delights in an Earth:
cotnpos’d of two thirds Mould,
and one third of light Earth,
full of Salts, fuch as certain
blacki/Ia Sands. The Bulbs are 7
to be planted two Inches deep in
September," and well water’d, as
Occafion requires. They came
originally from the Indies, and
therefore require :1 Sunny Ex-
pofure ; and therefore do better
in Pots, than the open Ground,
for the Sake of Removing from
Place to Place. They are fenfi~
ble of the Cold, and therefore
are to be fhelter’d in the Green-
houfcfl It will not bear to be
often tranfplanted ; but whenever
that is done, you mull flay ’till
its Flower is quite pail, and its
Seed ripe ; and then being tranf-
planted, it will {hoot forth new
Roots.

18.0551CLE.

0 S S [C L E, among Batmziflr,
lignines the Stone of a C/aerr),
Plum,

e,;.

\_J c.

29. OSxERs.

S I E R 3 like the 11/7113»;
Sal/ow and ”Gila-w, are rais’d
either by Cllftiflgi {luck in the
Ground, or large Truneheons
eight or ten l’oot long : When

 

. they put their Buds out firf't, you

.11
llllLLt
4.,

o X
mull rub ofl'all the under Buds, 7
leaving” only a few near the Top
to draw up the Sap.

'lVay ‘of Propagation, Es’c. ]
They may alfo be raisfd of Seedr,
but as they feldom come to be
“ripe in E": land," and the other
Ways of aifing them being
eafy, the Railing them by Seed:
is feldom. praétifed, no more
than that of Raifing them (by
La erL. ‘ i

he "Ofier grows belt in the
moifiefl: Lands, efpecially India
as are overflow’d with the Tides,
and left 'dry at the Ebb.

The belt Seafon to tranfplant
them, and lop them, is in Febru-
ary, jufiv before the Sap begins‘to
rife, efpecially if you defign to
raife by Cutting: or Tram/mom,
thofe Czitting: being accounted
belt Which grow" nearefi' " the
Root.

go. OVIPAROUS.I

VIPA R OUSV fignifies

0

that breeds by ' Eggs or
Spawn.
3:. The OXE-EYE, or

BUPHTHALMON.

HIS Plant is call’d Bap/J—
t/Ja/mm, from B25 an 02M,

and &;§a:>./.u§ an Eye, Gr.
Defi‘rszioin This Plant from
its Root flioots forth pretty high
Stall-(s, and large, long, fpread—
ing Leaves, indented as it were
by Pairs, round the Edges; at
the Top of the Stalks grow
Flowers in Rays, wh'ofe Disk is
compos’d of feveral Rounds of

 

Leaves, in the Shape of Gutters,

P A”
at a Diflanee one from another‘
and whofe Crowns are compos’d
of half Rounds, refling on the
Embryos, and contain’d in a
fcaly Cup. Thefe Embryos in ‘
Time grow to be fquare, and
very fmall Se’eds. ‘

Way of Propagation, 8a], The
Way of Multiplying thefe Plants
is by their Seed and their Roots,
fplit to Pieces. The Multiply-
ing them by Seed: is tedious, and.
not much' praélifed ; that by,
Ravi: is much quicker.

They will grOW in any fort of
Earth; fplit the Roots, and fet
them, and give them Water im-
mediately after Planting. Plant
three Inches deep in the Earth, and
Span a Difiance either from one
another, or from any orher Plants
in the fame Borders.

 

PA

1. PALED.

ALED FLOIVERS

are fuch as .have Leaves

P fer about a Head ,' Or

Thrum.

2. PALMS.

AL MS are the white Buds
of Sallows, or Willows,
which come before the Leaf.

3. PANICLE.

V37.

ANICLE, a fOft
of woolly Bead 9:. ;:"—--~

3

PA“

the Seeds of fome Plants hang
down.

4. ansres.

Variety and Defcriptibx.

THE Stems of this lant

are apt to creep . on the
Ground. The Leaves are part4
ly round and partly oblong.
The Stems branch out into
Boughs, at the Top of which
grow the Flowers compofed of
five Leaves, bearing a Cup di-
vided into five Parts, and are
accounted :1 Species of Violets.
The Flowers are of three Co-
lours, white, a yellow purple, and
(due. When the Flowers fall,
there fucceeds 3 Fruit, which
refembles aShell, full of fmall
Seeds.

Way ofimreafing, ES’L] This
Plant is increafed by Seed, fown
as thin as may be, in Beds,
and when it is grown high
enough to be tranfplanted, we
put it into Pots , compofed
of half Mould, and half Kitch-
en Garden Earth, well skreen-
ed; and water it after Planting,
which is all the Culture it re-
quires.

5. PAPHJONACEOUS.

APILIONACEOUS

Flower is 'a Flower of foxne
Plants which reprefents fome-
thing of the Figure of 21 But-
terfly, with its Wings difpl.1y"d ;
and'in fuch the Peta/,4, or Flow-
er Leaves, are always of a di-
form Figure. They are four in
Number, but joined together at
the Estremities, One of thcfe

 

‘P A‘
is ui'ally larger than the reit,’ and
1s ereéted in the Middle of the
Flower, and Called by Ronni/fr,
aVexillum. The Plants which
have thefe Flowers, are of the

leguminous Kinds, as Pear, Vet-
cber, E56.

6. PAPPOSE.

P A P P 0 s E flgnifies COVered
Do

with a Puppy, or a foft, light
wn.

7. PAPPUS.

A P P US is a foft light

Down, which grows out of
the Seeds of fome Plants, fuch
as, Thiilles, Dandelion, Hawk-
weed, 8:. 'and which buoys
them up [0 in the Air, that they
may be blown any where about
With the Wind.

8. PARASITICAL PLANTS.

ARASITICAL PL/INTS are
fuch as are increafed by the
Stock of others)

.9. PARSLEY.

HERE are two Sorts of this
Herb, the common and the
curled: They are multiply’d by
Seeds, fown pretty thick in the
Spring, When the Frol‘ts are 0-
vet, in good , well dung’d
Ground, that is mom, or eli'c
it {hould be watered. It will
bear any moderate, but not vio-
lent cold, and then it is con-
venient to defend it by fome
covering from it. To make it
produce good Roots it is ne~
cefl‘sry

P A
. tefIary to thin it in the Beds or
Borders, where it is fown, and
l to give it very good watering

i in hot Weather. The Leaves ‘

lbeing cut, fhoot out new ones
E like Sorrel. The fecond Year
: after it is fown it produces Seeds
. which are of a greenilh grey Co-
1 lour, a little bending inward
. on one Side, and all over
i fireak’d from one End to the
) other. They are gathered in Am-
; gufl and September.

to. STONE PARSLEY.

‘ I T is ordered the fame Way as
‘ filexander, Which fee.

1 x. ROYAL PARSLEY.

Defiriptionj TH E Leaves of
| this Plant, fays

’ Monf. Liger, fpring from the

~ Root, and are like the Leaves
of Parfley ; out of the midl‘t of
the Leaves arifes 21 Stem about
:1 Foot high, on the Top'of
which grow Flowers of a w/aite
or yellow Colour, compofed of

' five Flowers together, difpofed
like thofe of the Lilac, and fal-
ling down like the Tops of F en-
nel.

[fray of Propagation, 65%.]
There Plants are multiplyed
by l'piitting the Roots Which
are joined together by finall Fi-

. bres, which are to be planted
Tthref: inches deep, in a firong
. muff: Ground; or if the Ground
. be m: it“ that Quality, that De-
. feet that} be made up by con-
. flant waterings.

I: will continue three Years,

' and then it muff be taken up,

 

P A
and the Stock, it has 'produced,
being removed from it, will
ferve to propagate it. It re‘
quires but a moderate Heat, and
therefore is not to be planted

in Places much expofed to the
un.

12. PARN’Assus.

Defiription.] THIS Plant is

thus defcrib’d
by Monf. ,Lig'er. From its Root
it ihoots forth Leaves in the
Shape of a Violet, {licking to
long Stalks of a reddi/lz Colour.
From the Midlt of the Leaves
arife Stalks of a Foot high, flen—

' der, but firong ; at the Bottom

of each of which is a Leaf, with-
out a Stalk, which embraces
them; at the Top a Flower like
a Rofe, compos’d of feveral un-
equal Leaves, and all of them
fring’d, and plac’d in a Round.
Out of the Midft of the Flower
arifes a Chive, which becomes
a membranous Fruit, fomething
of an oval Figure, having but
one Seed-Veffel fill’d with Seeds
which flick to the Placenta or
Cake, which is generally fquare.
lVay of Multiplying] It is an
annual Plant, and multiply’d by
Seed, which is to be fown thin,
in the Month of March; it loves
a greafy Soil, and moifi Places.
It mull be defended from the
Cold, by the Help of Glalfes,
Straw, or Skreens of Straw.
‘When it is planted in Pots or
Cafes, the Earth in them fhould
be two Thirds of fubfiantial
Kitchin-Garden Stuff, and one
Third Mould mix’d well toge~
ther.
13. P A. R-

.m—
1.3..PA1isrttrs;

' RE 3 large, fweet", and very

nourilhing Root. They are
‘propagated by Seedx fown in
Marc/o, in a rich, mellow, well-
ordered Soil, Where the ROOts
will become very large; but
fhoultl not be eaten ’till the
Frofls have entred the Ground.
The Plants will appear above
Ground in about three Weeks
Time ; and When they have been
up about a Month, they fhould
be hough’d, leaving the Space of
about five or fix Inches betWeen
’each Plant. The Tops lhould

be trodden down when they are,

grown to any Bignefs; and by
that? Means the Roots will grow
the bigger. Rodi/lye: may be
fown among them, which in a-
bout forty Days may be drawn
ofl“ ; or Spinach, which Will be
fit to cut before the Porfm'pr be-
gin to fpread. After they have
been hough’d the flrft Time,
keep them as clean of Weeds as
you Can. When you have rais’d
them toward Mater, you may
take them up, and lay them in
Sand to keep them. And the
fairett may be kept for Seed, or
elfe the faireft and oldeft of the
Tops of thofe Seeds may be
taken in Summer, and fown,
whereby the fairel‘t Roots" may
be procur’d.

14.. PARTERRE.

Par/erro is a level Divifion
of Ground, which for the
mol‘t Part faces the South, and
bell Front of an Houfc, and is

 

P A"
enerally furnifhfd with Cream,
own, 69%. There are {Everal

, Sorts of Parterrér, as Bowling-

Green, or ‘Plain Parterrer, and
Parferrer Of Embroidery, 8’0.
Plow Parterre: are more beauti~
ful in England, than in any other
Country, by Reafon of the Ex—
cellency of our Turf; and that
Decency and unaffected Simpli-
city that it affords to the Eye of
the Speétator. Others are cut
into S/oell and Scroll Work,
with Sand-Alley: between them,
Which are the limit Parterre-
Works efleem’d in England.

0f the General Proportion of
Parterrer. ] An Oblong or
Long Square, is accounted the
molt proper Figure for a Par—
terre; becaufe, by the Rule: of
Perjpeélive, or the natural De-
clenfion of the vifual Rays in
Optickr, a Long Square finks al—
mofl to a Square ; and an exaét
Square appears much lefs than in
Reality it is: Therefore a Par-
terre fhould not be lefs than
twice as long as it is broad;
Twice and Half is accounted a
very good Proportion, and very
rarely is three Times exceeded.
As to the Breadth of a Parterre,‘
it is to take its Dimenfions from
the Breadth of the Front of the
Houfe; if it be not above an
Hundred Foot, it is too narrow;
and if the Front be two Hun-
‘dred Foot, the Porterre mull be
of the fame Breadth.

Mr. Switzer tells us, He loofrs
upon it :1 Fault in Dcligncrs to
make their Partcrrcr too broad,
and that nukes them appear too
fhort; when nothing is mere
pleating to the Eye than a con:

traf‘led

P A

traéled regular Conduét and
View, as foon as a Perfon goes
out of a Houfe' or Building; and
a forward direét View is the
belt, whether it be either Par-
z'erre or Lawn, or any other 0-
pen Space, either two, three or
four fold to the Width. And
therefore he thinks thefe Deligns
may juflly be found Fault with,
when at the immediate Entrance
into the Garden, the Noblenefs of
the View is marred, the Angle
of Sight broke and confufed;
and indeed all that is valuable in
Opticks undervalued.

He is of Opinion, that Par-
terrer are generally made too
large, and by that means a great
Expence caufed, while at the
fame time, “food, and confe-
quently Shade, the molt valu—
able of any Parts of aGarden, are
very much diminifhed.

And that whereas there ought
to be a Terrafs Walk on each
fide the Parferre for an Eleva-
tion proper for V ieW, one {hould
never make the Flat of a Par-
terre between Terrafs Walk and
Terrafs Walk, above three hun—
dred Foot; nor can it well be
made lefs than an hundred and
forty, or an hundred and fifty
Foot, and then the Length at
twice and an half the Breadth,
would be three hundred and fit”-
ty F oot, which he reckons would
be a handfome Proportion.

As to the adorning or fur-
nifhing thefc Parterrer, either
plain or with Embroidery ; it de-
pends much upon the Size and
Form of ; and therefore mufi
ibe left to the‘Judgment and
Fancy of the Defigner.

V o L. H.

 

P A
15. PASQUE FLOWER,”
PULSATILLA.

Defcription. ] T

H I 8, Plant
from its Stem
{hoots out long Leaves, like
thofe of Sage, all over hairy;
from the midft of which rife
Stalks divided into feveral Bran-
ches very full of Hair. At the .
End of thefe Branches grow
Flowers either red or white, and
difpos’d like thofe of Pinkr.
When thefe Flowers fall, they
are fucceeded by Fruits con-
taining roundifh Seeds, and of a
greyifh Colour. _

III/a}! of Propagation, {9%. It
it a hardy Plant, is increafed
either by its Roots, or fown in
hot Beds. This Sort is red, for
the wbite one is increafed only
by Seedr, which are to be fown
in March, and cultivated like
other Flowers fOWn in the fame
Month. ,

Thofe that are increafed by
.S‘lz'pr taken from the Root, are
to be planted three Inches deep
in the Earth, and then to be Wa-
teted.

x6 PASSIONFLOWER, or
GRENADILLE.

Defcri Zion.
P J T thus defcribed
by Monf. Liger. It fhoots Out
very long Branches, much like
thofe ofa Vine, creeping on the
Ground, if they find nothing to
lay hold on to fupport them;
they are flender, and have Claf—
pers, with which they cling to
every thing they meet with, and
I are

HIS Plant is

P E
are of a reddifh, green Colour.
The Leaves of this Plant are
fmooth, erenated on the Edges,
of abeautit‘ul green, and plac’d
alternatively.

Along the Stern, and among
the Leaves, grow Flowers, com-
pofed of feveral Leaves, rank’d
like thol‘e of Rofes; from the
Cup rifes a Chive, at the Bot—
tom of which is a fmall fring’d
Crown,- and at the Top a tender
Head, or Emér '0, by which three
Pendants are firpported ; and o-
ver the Pendants appear fome
Stamina : This Emma, in time,
becomes a large Fruit of an O-
val Figure, fleihy, and coniifling
of no more than one Cell, fil-
led with Seed, joined to the
P/aremfa, as to f0 many Ribs,
and covered with a skin like
that of Shagreen.

But the Flower of this Plant
is much more elegantly dcfcribé
ed by Mr. Bradley, as follows ;
The Flower, when it is full
blown, is about four Inches 0—
ver, has ten white Peta/r, or
Flower Leaves, within which,
round about the Bottom of the
Stile are plac’d two Rows of
Stamiaa’r, like Threads, of a
purple Colour. The Stile fome-
What refembles the Pedelial of
:1 Pillar, and divides it l‘elf on
the Top into three Parts, which
turn their Mouths towards the
Bottom of the Flower; They
are of the Colour of Indigo;
befides thefe three Tubes,,a lit—
tle below that Part of the Stile,
Where they unite, there are plac—
ed five Stamiaa’r, which lpread
the‘mfelves in a Starlike Figure,
with yellow Afic‘ca‘ on their

PE

Points. At the Foot Stalk of
every F lower, is a Whirl, or '
Clafper, and to that is joined .
the Leaf of the Plant, deeply
cut on the Edges. Of this Plant
he has prefented us with a very
handfome Figure cut in Copper,
and alfo gives us the following
Real'on Why it is called the
Paflion-Tree.

That it was by the Contri-
vance of the Fryers, who, when
it was firft dlfcovered, added
ibme Things that were wanting
in the natural Flower, and made ‘
it, as it were, an Epitome of
our Saviour’s Paflion ; the Sto-
ry of which, as he has heard it,
he gives as follows. They fay,
the Peta/r reprefent the ten A-
pol‘tles, beiide :‘fudar, who had
hang’d himl‘elf, and Peter who
had deny’d his Mailer. The
flamimam like Parts which fpread
themfelves on the Flower they
liken to :1 Glory, and the fmall
purple Threads {landing round the
Bottom of the Stile, they fancy
to be a Crown of Thorns ; the
Stile, which is in theMiddle of
the Flower, ferves them for 3
Pillar, to which, they Pay, the
yew; bound thole Malefaétors,
whom they i‘courged; and that
they may not want any Part of
the Story, the Clafper is fup-
pol‘ed to be a Cord, and the
Leaf a Hand. The three Di~
vilions on the Top or" the Stile
are tuney’d to be three ~Nails,
and taking off one of the five
Snzmim’r, with its Apex, this
is called a Hammer, and the
four others remaining form a
'Crofs; the three Alabat‘tries at
the Bottom of the Flower are

 

imagin’d-

PE

.imagin'd to reptefent the three
Soldiers who call Lots; and
the Time between the opening
and {butting of the' Flower be-‘
irig jufi three Days is enough
to compleat the F ixion. He
fayS, The old Herbarifts have
mentioned fomething of this Sto-
ry, but he himfelf found it
mightily improved, even beyond
What is before mEntioned, wlien
he was at Bruflélt. And if any
Perfon ihall think he has related
the Story any thing romantical-
ly, he will fee Reafon to alter
his Opinion, if he reads Monf.
Liger’s Defcription of it, which
he feems to exprefs With a great
deal of Veneration.

Diver: SortL] Mr. Bradley
fays, there are feveral Sorts of
Pafiion-Treer, fome of them
Ever-greem, and others Perdi-
falr, i. e. fuch as lofe their Leaves,
fome that are annual Plants, and
others that dye to the Roots e-
very \Vinter; and that he reckon-
ed near thirty Sorts of thcmin the
Phyfick Garden at A74,’}erdam,
where were the greatefl Varieties
of them that he had ever feen; of
which he does not treat parti-
cularly, many of them not be-
ing capable of refitting the VVea—
ther in our Climate Without
Shelter. ’

But fpeaks only of one Sort,
endeavouring to rectify a Mif—
take concerning the Paflion-Tree,‘
which is ;

\Vhereas it is faid we have
two Kinds of them in Englmd,
which are hardy,, vii. the Fruit
bearing Kind, and the common
Sort which bears no Fruit :
This, he lays, is aMiflake, for

 

PE

that they are borh but one, but
the Difl‘etence of Culture makes
one barren and the other fruit-
ful.

”74y of Propagation, {9%. ]
Monf. Liger fays, this Plant
will grow tolerably well in all
Sorts, of Ground, but better
in 9. Soil inclinable to moifl,
rather than Light; that it is
multiply’d by the Root, fet
three Inches deep, which mutt
be bent, becaufe being naturally
full of Knots, it breeds from every
one of them; that the readieft
Way to make it thrive, is to
take the Roots while they are
young; that the open Sun is

4 the heft Expofition for it; and

that the Branches being weak.
it ought to be fupported with
Sticks [tuck in the Earth, to
which the Branches are to be
ty’d gently with Ruih 0r Thread.

That it may be alfo raifed
from Seed, according to the
Method ufed in cultivating the
Cleinatite.

Mr. Bradley fays, this Plant
is to be raifed either by Seed:
fown in [Wart/9, or from Layerr,
about the fame Time ; and that
every cutting of it about May
or 32023 Will {trike Root, if they
be planted in fine Earth. He
advifes to lay Plenty of Cow
Dung about the Roms, and to
give them frequent waterings in
the flowering Seafon, and that
this, where it has been praéti’fed,
has aflbrded Fruit enough to 1a-
tisf'y Curiofity.

He adds, that this is aPlant
of f0 quick 3 Growth, that he
has feen fome Branches of it
about eighteen Foot long in 0 1e

1 a Summer,

PE

Summer, and f0 hardy, that the
molt fevere Frofts of our Cli-
mate will not defiroy the Roots,
altho’, perhaps, the Plant has-pe-
rilhed above Ground to all Ap-
pearance; that in the lafl: hard
Froft he began to defpair of two
‘very large Plants, which flood
abroad and were even cut down
to the Ground without Hope
of Recovery ; but the May fol-
lowing there I‘prang up above
fifty fmall Plants from each
Root, only from the Fibres
which remained. .

Monf. Liger fays, that this
Plant is a very ill Neighbour,
becaufe the Rbors are much giv-
en to rove; therefore he di-
rects to plant it in Pots, or if it
be~fet in Borders to make a
Square of Brick or Tiles, about
each Root, at legit a Foot wide,
'and becaufe the Roots multiply
rat a great Rate, he advifes to di-
’vide them every Year, and to
replant them feparately. ‘

As to the Culture of this
Plant, Mr. Bradley fays, he has
ilearn’d by a Letter that was
.ihewed him from the ll’cfl India:
that it was an Inhabitant of
‘fwampy Places ; and therefore in
order to its bearing Fruit, mull
be planted in very moifi and cool
Places, \where it may be conti—
nually fupply’d with Water:

And that at Mr. Green’s, a ve--'

-ry curious Nurfery Man’s at
.1? wrfim’, he has feen a Tree
with abcwe three hundred ripe
Fruits upon it. The Fruit were
in Shape and Colour like Le-
mur/5 filled with a beautiful red
Pulp and Seeds, like the Fruit
of a Prmrgn:r:.2fe, and 0f no

\

 

P E
difagreeable Tafie. This Tree
was planted in Cow Dung, and
from Time to Time, the Place
about it renewed with the fame
cooling Soil.

But he lays, the largeft Fruit
of this Plant, that he had ever
feen, was fome fent to the
Royal Society, by a Gentleman,
dwelling, as he thinks, in the
”9/2 of England, with an Ae-
eount of his Method of railing
them. He had a large Tree a—
gainft one Side of his Houfe,
which happened to grow over
a Drain that went from the Kit-
chen, and lay fo Shallow, that
the Roots of the Tree found
their Way into it, and the Tree
then began to produce Fruit.

-1\/Ir. ll’bitmil at Hoxton has
now a new Sort of Pafiion—
Tree, the like of which, he fays,
he has never feen before, which
bears Fruit very well upon fmall
Plants, in Pots, fome of which
are full of Fruit.

17. The PEACH TREE.

H E Peach feems to have

taken its Name in Eng/y]:
from the French, Pefc/Je, and
the Latin call it [Hakim Per;—
cum, as tho’ the Plant was ori-
gin-ally a Native of Perfifl.

A Peach is one of themoft
delicious Garden Fruits, if the
Nature of it be well underflood,
and it be manag’d withDifcretion.
It is therefore worth the While to
examine into the feveral Vays
of Management of it ; and al-
to feveral Varieties of them.

Tho’ there is a great Varie-
t)‘ of them, yet a large Garden ‘

fnoeld

PE

fhould not be without all ofithe'

belt Sorts, becaufe they ripen
at different Seafons beginning
about the Middle offi'zme, and
continue to afibrd Fruit till No-
vember: But if a Garden be
fmall, a Perfon may chufe his
Fruit, and pleafe his Tafle, out
of the following Catalogue, by
examining the Defcription of e-
very Sort.

The Freueh being very much
bent upon Cultivating Pea-
ches; they have propagated a
great Number, out of which
thefe mentioned in the fol-
lowing Lifi are accounted the
beft Sorts. '

I. The Admirahle. This Peach

takes its Name, .as well for its
Beauty and Goodnefs, as from
its large Fruit; it is very, rea’,
and almofl round ; the F lefh of
it is good tailed, and very melt-
m .
8;. The Alherge. This Fruit is
of a middle Size, a little flat, is
yellow borh without and Within,
has an excellent Flavour, but a
finall Stone, and is colour’d with
a reddifl: purple Colour.

3. The Red fllherge. This
Fruit is more flat than the for-
mer ; the F lefh is white, but not
To, well tailed as the former.

4.. The Purple fllherge. This
Fruit is fomewhat fmall; it is of
a hrowui/h purple Colour, it is
more rare than the other two
preceeding Alherge; ; but it is not
{'0 good as the yella'w, which is
an excellent Peach.

5. The Audilly Peach. This
is fomething like the Perfzau
Peach without, is white Within,
yery large, round and fleihy.

PE

6. The flpricaeh Peach, which
is by fome eall’d the Samahzliau
Peach : There are of this two
Sorts, the one rough-coated and
yellow; the other finooth and
velveted, and of a rea’a’i/b Co~
lour, and both of them round :
They may be rais’d from the
Stone, and will bear and ripen

well, either in Standards or
Dwarfs. ' -
7. The flaunt, or Early

mushed Peach. The Fruit is
finall and white, but the Juice
is very fweet: The Tree is a
great Bearer, but is very fubjeEt
to be invaded by Pifmirer.

8. The. Bellegurd. It is a.
good Peach, but comes a little
late; it is fair, large and round,
and has but very little rea’ within
or Without.

9. The Belle ale Vltry; is a
very large Fruit, flat, flefhy and
full of Knobs, rich, juicy, and
very red towards the Stone ; the
Stone is very final], and it is a
very good late Peach. It is ['0
very like the Nivette Peach, that
fome Perfons take it to be the
fame: But Mr. Bradley is of
Opinion, that it is the F emale.
of the great, white, mouflraur
Pavy, being both pretty much
alike, and alfo comes at the fame
Time: It is like the Admirahle
as to its Roundnefs, which is
white both within and without ;
but the Belle ale Vitry is of a
hrawul/h, red, and velveted.

10. The Douhle Bloflhm Peach.
This Peach is more eficemed .
for the Sake of its Flower than
its Fruit ; tho2 the Fruit is large
and fair; but it feldom bears,

 

.13;

......

PE

and therefore is rather aCuriofity
than a good Peae/e. -

II. The Bourdin, is a Fruit
that is large and flefhy, of a mid-
dling SiZe, and pretty red in Co-
lour ; it has a very rich Flavour
like the Pen/inn Perm/7. This
Fruit is in good Eiteem ;_ bears
better Fruit in Stmdards or
Dwarfs, than againl’t a Wall,
and is alfo a great Bearer.

12. The W'loite Brregnon. This
Peae/J is finely fpotted with red;
and will very much improve by
lying by forne Time before it is
eaten. It is a very good Fruit,
becomes tender and melting by
lying; but is one of thofe that
ripen late.

13. The Capzzeine—peaelj. The
Fruit is a little longifh; it is an
early one and large, and very
well tailed; it Was rais’d from
the Stone of an early Peach, and
has pafs’d through fuch aChange
in its Fruit, that it has exceeded.

Mr. Bradley fays, he finds
that a Change' of this Kind is
common to Peae/m which are
rais’d from the Stone; the Stone
of a Peae/a fometimes producing
:1 Perry, and the Stone of a Pat)
bringing 3. Plant bearing a Peace):
The Paoie: are hard tielh’d, and
the Pear/yer are melting.

14.. The Chancellor-peach,
took its Name from Chancellor
Seyuier, in whofe Gardens, in
ance, it firl’t took its Birth; it
is of the Tribe of the {.‘Zve'vereufe’r,
but is the belt and lurgei‘t of them
all ; it was produc’d from a Stone
of the common Coi‘..’£k‘i"t".’tjl‘ — peace,
and has been brought to ripen its
Fruit very well in the Gardens
ai'orelhid.

, . P E

15. The Cherry-peace, is none
of the belt; the Colour is red,
the Flelh is alittle dry and hard.

16. La Belle Cbe'uereufe, is a
pretty large Fruit, longiih, of a
brig/oz: red Colour; the Juice is
of a delicate fwcet, the Tree is
a very good Bearer, and has fe-
veral Varieties in its Tribe.

17. The common Peach, is
round, very white, and velveted.
It is :1 Sort of Baiiard Magdalen,
rais’d from the Stone. If it grows
in very light Ground, it is a very
well tailed Fruit; but if in
{irong Lands, the FlClll will be
green and bitter. It Will arrive
at Perfeéliori without the Help
ofa Wall, and is a great Bearer.
Some Frem/y Gardeners call it
the Prfe/ye de Corbeil, that is,
the B taker-pearly.

18. The Dreufel-pezze/y, is in
FOrm rather long than round ;
the Fleih or Pulp is in Colour
almofi red, whence the Fremb
call it the Bloody—peach; the Skin
is velveted, and well coloured ;
it is dry, but very agreeable.

19. The Ite‘llidfi- perm/J, is 3
Sort of Cbe-vereztfe, but a little
larger. It has lbme of the Qua-
lities of the Peacb WhiCh the
Frem/J call [a Pefe/Je dc Pew;
but is a little more pointed, and
is an excellent Fruit.

20. The Red Magda/en. The
Fruit of this 13 not 1‘0 large as
that of the ll’laiz‘e Mega’alen ; but
the Fleih or Pulp is rather more
delicious than that, and it bears
better them the other Magdalen-
pear/oer.

21. The ”Wise Zlfagdezlen, if
it grows in good Ground, is a

 

Very large Fruit, but is feldom
' mark’d

PE

mark’d with red, and is one of
the bell; Peaches commonly
growing in Eugli/IJ Gardens 5 it
is very full of a high flavour’d
Juice, that melts in the Mouth
freely. ‘ There is one of this
Sort, which is called the Mash’a’
Magdalen, the Flavour of which
is richer than the refi. The firfl
of thefe is often infel’ted with
Pifmirer, and is apt to drop its
Fruit; and this is common to mofl
high tailed Fruits. Thefe Trees
bloffom early; and therefore, if
you would have a good Crop,
they ought to be skreen’d from the
Severity of the Weather, while
they are in Bloifom.

22. The Minion—peach, is\ of
the Magdalen Kind, in Form ra-
ther flat than round, is a pretty
large Fruit, and is well colout’d
both within and without, is well
tailed, very juicy; and is ac-
counted one of the belt Sort of
Peaches.

23. The Narhamze—peach is a
very large and greeni/h Fruit;
the F lefh of it is a little dry and
cottony, and is to be valued ra-
ther for its coming late, than its
Goodnefs.

24. The JVz'trette, or the par-
ple Peach, is a large Fruit, al-
moft round, of a hrowm'jh red,
and velveted, very fleihy, and
has a good Tatte. It is both
one of the belt Peachex, and the
belt Bearers.

25. The Mite—paw}; is ac-
counted a Male of the Race of
the Maga’alem; it is high fla-
vourid and musk’d; it comes
among ‘the firlt Peaches, and
therefore ripens eafily. There

 

are alfo red and yell/Jug 134201.65,

'PE\

which are fit to eat at the fame
Time. And fome curious Gen-
tlemen are of Opinion, that eve-
ry Peach has its Pail}, which
they fuppofe to be the male

4’45 .

26. The Perfian—peach. This
Tree bears 21 Fruit that is very
large, but not {‘0 long , but
rounder than the Shin—peach, or
that which the French call Pefche
cle PM. It is red and pointed,
and is commonly blifier’d or
knotted on the Outfide. It has
a delicate F lelh, and is full of
Juice, very red towards the
Stone. The Stone is flat and
i‘mrp-pointed. It is a very good
Peach, and will bear well either
in a Standard, or againfi a Wall.

27. The Purple—peach. See
Nivette.

:8. The Rofl‘ane—peach. This
Fruit is yellow both without and
within. The Flelh is fomewhat
dryilh, about Paris; the Fruit is
long, (harp, and comes late;
but is efieemed in Langaedac.

29. The Shin—peach, or as
the French call it Pefche de Pau.
Of this there are two Sorts; the
rozmd and the long: The rowed
Sort is a good Peach, and better
than the long; the long Sort is
flat, and fubjeét to decay in the
Middle, the Stone molt com-
monly fplitting. Thefe Trees
mull have a warm Expofure, or
elfe their Fruit will be green and
infipid: The male Kind of this
Peach is very large, and is eall’d
the moaflroakpaey; the Fruit is
of a fine red, full of F lefh, and
requires the warmell Expofure to
ripen perfeétly. '

H to- The

. P E _

30. The Royal Peach, is ,a fair
Fruit, of a fine red Colour, in
Form rather long than round;
but has but little Juice.

3!. The Troy Peach; in form
Places it is cal'l’d the early, red,
mushy Peach; it is both larger,
and higher flavour’d than the
white Sort. It ripens early with
the fluent-peach.

32. The dozchle Troy Peach.
The Fruit of‘ this is larger and
rounder than the former 5 has as
good a ‘Tafie, is a great Better,
and will hold fome Time good
upon the Tree. Of this Peach
there are two Kinds, the one of
a hrowai/h purple, and the other
red.

3;. The Venus Bred/f. Peach.
This Fruit is fomething like the
Admz'mh/e. It is {0 call’d, be-
caufe it forncrhing refembles the
Bresl‘t of a Woman, being point—
ed at the Top like a Nipple. It
is a little touch’d with red on
the Outlide, and the Flelh of it
is white. It is high flavour’d and
melting, and is accounted one
Of the bell: Sort of late Preacher.

34. The Violet Peach. There
are ”of this Fruit two Sorts, a
large and a finall ; it is rather long
than round; the Juice ofit has
a vinous Flavour, its Pulp is ve—
ry melting. It is accounted one
of the bell Sorts or‘Pmcher, and
will bear well either in a Dwarf
or againll a \Vall.

35. The [are Violet Peach.
This Fruit is large and fair; and
when it is a dry flatamn is well
tailed ; but if the Sealbn be wet,
it is worth little, for it does not
ripen ’till late in 0620!)”. It
ought always to be planted a-
gainfi a Scat/3593111.

 

,PE

36. The White-peach. This
is a very tender Tree, and re"
quires to be carefully look’d af-
ter. The Fruit is good, but has
not (‘0 good a FlaVOur as the
Violet-peach. -This Peach has
its Party, which islthe White
‘Brugnon ; Which fee.

Mt. Bradley fays, That all
rough-coated Peacher have their
Males, and the French call them
Bmgnom or Bruinom, and are
larger and rounder, and their
Juice is more mnsk’d or pere
t'um’d; the Flefh of them is
firm and hardilh, and for that
Reafon they require a great deal
of Sun. But no fort of Bruaiom
are in f0 much Elleem as their
Peaches, becaul‘e they do not
quit their Stones.

37. The Tel/ow rough coated
Peach, is a large Fruit and flat,
it ripens late; but the Flelh is
good, and full of Juice.

All thofe Peaches Which are
yellow both Within and Without,
are in lefs Efleem than the rel’t ;
becaufc their F lelh is drier, and
their Juice lefs pcrt‘um’d.

The foremention’d is a French
Catalogue : But Mr. Bradley
l‘ays, we have now about thirty
Sorts in our Egg/ah Catalogue;
but there are other Sorts that
private Gentlemen have rais’d
from the Kermil, that our Nur-
feries are nor yet well acquainted
with.

3 adds, Belides thefe there
are many other Tribes of
Peacher, as, thofe call’d the
Prqfé, of which there are white,
red and yc/itrw; the fife/c'caz‘ocr,
fifericoz‘uh’er, {57c and allb Pc-
t/ier, which will not ripen in the

' r ‘ colder

P E
3 colder Climates, where the Sun
;‘- is not very hot in Oc‘lober, fuf-
Eficient to foften their F lelh,
i which is hard.

Mr. Mortimer gives us the
ifollowing Lift : The Admirable,
: the Alberget, the Araoian, the
\flrundel, the Bourdeaux, the
: don/ale Ble, the Grand Car-
: nation, the C olerain, the C ro-wn,
:the Eaton, the Ifal/ella, the Lau-
Nrence, the Magdalen, the Man,
:the Modena, the white [Won/fear,
f the Morello, the Mountaéan, the
lBloody Monfieur , an excellent
lPeac/J very red without and
I Within, the Mark, the violet
xMuré,‘the Na'varre, the New-
iington Bellice, the late Newing-
Eton a'et Potr, being fpotted, the
{i mofl early Nutmeg, rwlzite and
wed, the Orleans, the Pavia, the
i Perprice, the Per/ian, the Partn-
1gal, the Queen, the Quince, the
\Rambouzllet, the Roman, the

xRicket, which has lately gain’d .

ithe Reputation of being the bell
20f Peat/oer, the Savoy, the Sion,
fthe Smyrna, the Supreme, the
U/Erona, the Ut'eclale. Thefe he
raccounts all of them very good
lFruit.

Mr. Bradley tells us , the
iPeacbe: that he covets molt, are
:the Admiraale , the Cat/refine,
twhich comes late, and is an ad-

mirable Bearer, the white [flag-
:ci:zlen, the common Minion, Miletr
flfinion, the .sztrneg Peac/oex, for
:the Sake of their early Ripening,
:and the old A’Tewington Belgard.

Mr. [Mortimer fays, That the
3Stones of Peac/Jex will produce
'Trees which will fometinics

bear better Fruit than that out of
which they were taken; and by

 

P E

this Means many new Sorts have
been rais’d ; but then the Penelo-
‘Tree: {‘0 rais’d, will be longer
before they bear, than thofe that
are inoculated : And again, there
is an Uncertainty as to the
Stones ; for tho’ fome prove
better, many prove worfe. Peacne:
thrive and bear belt ina moift
Soil, and therefore if they be
planted on a dry Land, they re-
quirc to be well watered.

”fay of Propagation] Peaches
may be rais’d from the Stone: -,
but the more expeditious Way,
is, by Grajfing or Inoculation.

Mr. Bradley fays, that Peac/se:
may be grafted upon the fllmond
or Plum ; but the Nature of the
Soil ought to be confidered be‘
fore Choice is made of which
Stock to graft on; becaufe an-
Alrnond delights in a l’trong Land
a little wet ; and a Plum loves a
drier and higher Soil.

Monf. Gentil fays, a Peach
grafted upon an Almond— Stock,
does perfeétly well in a warm,
light Soil ; and likewife in a .
hearty Soil, inclinable to be hot,
rather than cold; when at the
fame Time a Peac/J grafted on
aPlum-Stock in the lame Soil,-
never comes to any thing. And.
for this the Franc/o Gardeners
give this Reafon; becaufe in
light Soils the Sap of the Plum
is not fuificicnt for the Nourilh-
ment of the Graft” of the Peace,
which {hoots forth many Wood—.
Branches: But a Peac/a grafted
on a Plum will thrive beyond
Expeétation in a moifl, heavy
Ground ; but if in that Ground
it be grafi‘cd upon an fl/mona’, it
will only languifiz, and die away
in a little Time. '

PE

Mr. Carpenter thinks it flrange
that a Pencb inoculated on a
Plum, and planted in warm,
light Soil, which is inclined, to
be rather hot than cold, in France,
mould never come to any thing;
fince the contrary is often expe-
jrienc’d in England, where the
Climate is not ('0 .warm: For
here Peaches fucceed very well,
grafi'ed on Plum-Stocks, in molt
Places ; tho’ Pear/9e: on Almqnd—
iftockr, or Pence-Stock; are to be
preferr’d before them in fome
particular, dry, light, barren
§oils. V
’ Mr, Bradley obferves, That
Pent/2e: profper belt that are
budded upon Almond-Tree: rais’d
from the Stone. ' '

The Almond; ihould be put
into the Ground as foon as they
are ripe.

He advifes, to make Plantati-
ons of Sue/cert taken from the
Roots of the .Mufele—plnm, the
white Pear-plum, or the Hack
Damask, which are good to in—
oculate Peat/5e: upon. As to
‘the Time, it fhould be about
:S‘eptember; but thefe Stocks are
not to be budded ’till the fecond
Y ear after they have been planted
in the Nurfery; and this Bud-
ding is to be in 3211)

‘ To prepare Stock; for Grnffing
Penebexfl Nit. Bradley 'direé‘ts
,to'fet the Sweet Almond by lay-
ing it in dry Sand, to fprout a-
bout cart/2mm, which may be
'lanted in open Ground, at a

cot Dillance, the [Hard] or
11pm] next following, according
as the Seafon is for Mildnefs:
and it‘ the Sprout or Radiele
mould be then too long, to

. P E ’ .

[pinch it lhorter, at Difcretion :
And that then the next Septem-
ber, thefe Almond-Stock may be
inoculated in a dry Seafon. The
Bitter Almond, tho’ it is more
hardy andwill trantplant better
than the Sweet fllmond, is by no
Means good to inoculate Pent/9e;
upon.

He fays, There is a Sort of
tender Almond, that comes from,“
Genoa, which is better to inocu-
late Pear/Ber upon than the Sweet
filmond; but thefe mull not be
laid to fprout, but mufl be put
into the Ground in the Spring,
and they will I'prout vigoroufly,
and in one Summer make a hand-
fomc Plant.

Becanfe zilmondx will not bear
Tranfplanting eafily, except there
be extraordinary Care us’d about
them ; he would. have them fet
in the Nut in the Places they
are defign’d to grow; and ft)
to inoculate them in the Places
they were fet ; and then there is
no need to run the Hazard of
Tranl‘planting them.

The Bud to be inoculated
mull be taken from a {trong
Shoot of a Pent/J, and {hould
have three Leaves growing at it.

All Buds, he l‘.ys, will take
better upon the Ahmad-Store the
firf’t Year, than they will the fe~
eond or third Year ; becaufe
thole that are older, are more
fubje€t to the Gum, than thofe
of the firll Year. '

If the filmmd—Stoekr you would
grail or inoculate on are large,
he accounts the Time of the lie;
cond Shoot or [Winj’ttmmer Shoot
the fittefl Time, that the Bud

 

may (prom immediately, and.
‘ “ no:

F, E

nor be choaked with the Gum,l
Mhich too frequently attends a
LWound that is made when the

’iTree is in full Sap.
He tells us, he has made it his
{Obfervation , that fuch Stone
‘Fruit-Trees, as have been inocu-
:lated near the Root of the Stock,
have been much more apt to
lihoot out luxuriant and unprofi-
stable Branches, than fuch which
‘thave been graffed or budded five
tor fix Foot from the Root. And
{that thofe that have been done the
slatter Way, make Fruit Bran-
.ches fo plentit‘ully, that there
have been fearce any barren
éShoots found among them. The
EReafon of this feems to be,
{that the too great Plenty of
<Nouriihment is always a Hin-
Edrance to the bringing forth an
xIncreafe, as well in Vegetables
as Animals. And he is of Opi-
;nion. that a luxuriant Growth in
either ihould always be eheek’d,
in order to make them prolifick;
:and that the Length of the Paf—
’iage, which the Sap takes in its
‘Afeenfion from the Roots of
:thefe Standards thro’ the Plum-
”Stock before it comes to that
:Part of the Peach, contributes to
weaken it, and take from it that
1‘Luxuriance (which if it had
been permitted to puih out
Branches near the Root, where
: it was more firong and vigorous)

it would have had.
0)“ Raging Peaclzei~ from
L Steam] Mr. Bradley fays, That
2 all Peaelzer, which are rais’d from
LStmer, are fo generous to the
iClirnate Where they are rais’d,
;: that while they are cultivated in
i: that Climate, their Fruit will

7 ripen well.

 

PE

And tho’ they are not all in
their own Nature equal in Good-
nefs, fome being better and fome
worfe than others; Judgment
will direét to ufe the Good, and
negleét the Bad.

The 3027.] The Soil fhould
rather be light than firong, and
rather dry than wet; for tho‘
the Fruit will not be to large
in a dry Soil as in a wet, yet it
will be both better colour’d
and better flavour’d. And altho’
a Wet Soil may add to the Large-
nefs of the Fruit, yet it will be
watery and infipid.

Tlae Expofure.] Peaches re-
quire the Morning or Noon-
Sun, as the Fruit is difpos’d to
ripen either early or late; and
thofe that will bear Fruit in
Standards or Dwarfs, fhould not
be expos’d too rudely, but be
lhelter’d, becaufe Pearle - Tree:-
are very much fubjeét to be in-
jured by the Wind.

Mr. Laurence recommends the
Planting the following Pear/ye:
againfi a South-Wall, or a Wall
inclining to the Eqfl or ”’e , as» .
they follow in the Order of their
Ripening; the white Magdalear
and Minion, which ripen in the
Middle of September; the right
Old Ne-wiizgtm and Clae‘vereztx,‘
which ripen the Beginning of
September; the fla’miraéle, and
the Nitret, that ripen the Middle
of September; to which he adds ,
the red Roman Neélariize, WhiCh‘
ripens the Middle of Septemeer. ‘

Culture.) Mr. Bradley is of
Opinion, that thofe Peach—Tree:
which are rais’d from the Stoner,
mufi be prun’d as little as may
be; they have an Abhorrence

4 , ' for

P‘E
for a Knife, and it is no Mat-
ter how little any Pearly-Tree is
prun"d.
~ And Standards do not require
pruning fo much as Wall Trees
do, and for that reafon are not
('0 apt to be invaded by Infeéts,
or fubjeét to curl’d Leaves,
weak Shoots, or Blights, (tho’
they [land more cxpofed to the
Winds ) nor to lofe their Bran-
ches as thofe Trees do, that are
annually prun’d. Thofe Trees
which grow freely, are always
heathf‘ul, while thofe that filfler
the Severity of pruning, Ian-
guifh, or elfe, if they (hoot, it
is to no Purpofe.

Standard Pear/yer bear more
pleafant Fruit, than thofe that
are planted againfi Walls, which
may be beeaufe the Sun takes
them on all Sides. They alfo
produce their Fruit later than
Wall Trees do, but then they
afford us this Benefit, that they
fupply us with Fruit, When our
Walls are vacant.

If there be any Occafion to
prune Stone. Fruit—Trees at all,
'it is only when they rife too
high, and ‘then they ought to be
lopped, jul’t as Willows are 10p-
ped,« and then they will put out
large Wood, which will fpeedi—
1y bear good Fruit, nay, and
that in the fecond Year. ‘

He advil‘es, when Stone Fruit-
Trees are lopped, to plaifier the
Wounds immediately with a Pre—
paration of \Vax, Tallow, {9%.
to prevent their being diliemper—
ed with the Gum. But thcle
Trees are not fo apt to be in-
fefied with the Gum, by the

Cutting of the great \Vood, as

 

P E’
by the finall Wood’s being;
wounded.

OfPruning Pear/yer. ] Monl'. T
Gemi/ gives the following gene--
ral Direé‘tions for pruning of '
VVaII Peach-Trees.

To unnail them from the
Wall, or untie them from the
Trellis, and to take out all the
dead and ufelefs Branches, and
to leave none to grow but fuch
as will produce either Wood or
Fruit, and to dii‘tinguiih the
[Food Bram/yer from the Fruit
Brdml’er, he gives this Direéti-
0n; the [Food Bram/m have
no Budr, but the Frm't Brazz-
c/ae: have dead/e Buds.

II. As to the U/bod Bramber,
you mull prune them down to
four or five Eyes, according as
the Tree is in Vigour; and as’ to
the Fruit Brendan, not leave
on them, when the Fruit is knit,
more Fruit, than it is reafonable
to think each Branch will be a—
ble to bear.

111. At the firft pruning, to
leave the Fmit Bran/(lie: of a
reafonable Length, becaufe when
they appear to be too finall to
bear Fruit, they are to be prun-
ed a fecond Time the fame
Year.

IV . \Vhen a Peak—Tree wan ts
[Fog-d B;~.;;zc1rrr on one Side, to
prmie the biggell Fmit Bram/ye:
ihort, that they may leave fome
luff [road Brant/30s, when the
Fruit puts forth. By this Means
a Vacancy may be prevented,
which is a great Fault in a \Vall
Fruit-Tree. _

V. That when there is on a
Peak—Tree a humid/“at Bram/a,
and no good ”’09.! Breather near

‘ it

P B

it, the luxuriant Branch be kept
in, and pruned to the Length of
ten or twelve Inches, in order
to filltup the Vacancy, and to
leave a final! Branch at the End
of the pruning ; for that it will at-
traél the Sap, and produce good
Branches both for ”’00:! and
Fruit.

VI. When a Peach—Tree,
that is planted in high Grounds,
leaves off to put forth 'neW
Branches, to pluck it up as {hon
as the Fruit is gathered, if it
has not put forth fomc vigour-
ous Shoots at the Bottom, that
may ferve to fupply the Defeét;
and if f0, you mull prune it
to a good .Foot. -

The Time to prune Peaches
for the firit Time, he lays, is
March.

But if thofe Peach-Tree: that
ceafe to produce lVood-Brancher,
[land in a hearty Soil, he advifes
not to dig them up, but to {hor-
ten the Stem to eightor ten Inch—
es in November or Decemher.

The Reafon he gives for pru-
ning young Peach—Tree: to four
or five Eyes is, that they may
produce lVo'od and Fruit Bran-
the: in good Quantity the next
Year.
Peach-Tree: do not bear Fruit
feveral Years together, as Pear-
Trees do ; after they have born
once they perifh; nay, fome-
times they are deftroyed before
they have‘ born any Fruit at
all, by Frofls, rough Winds
and Blafls, and When this hap-
pens, they mull be removed
as foon as they appear to be
dead. '

The Fruit Branche: of .

 

P E

He makes this Remark, that
Peach-Tree: are no fooner prun-
ed but they are in Blollbm;
and therefore they {hould be co-
vered to ihelter them from the
Frofis, if any Fruit be expeéted.
Some fet Umbrella’s before the
Trees ; but the Method he ufes
iS' to cover them with Peas'
Haulm, hung on the Treilage,
till the Peache: are about the
Bignefs of the End of one’s little
Finger ; and by this Means they
thrive to that Degree, that there
is a Neceflity to pull ofi‘fome
of them to give the reft Room
to grow.

0f the fecond pruning of Pea-
cheL] To perform this Opera-
tion he recommends thefe five
Things following.

I. That this Work be begun
between the Middle of [Play and
the Middle of 3%.

II. To cut only, the Fruit
Bram/yer, in erfe of Neceflity,
and fuch as are half dry, and this
Retrcnc’hment Will firengthen
the 09d Fruit Branches.

III. That fuch Fruit Brancher,

as have not knit, be pruned,
and thofe that have knit and be
overladen, be eafed.
IV. To cut Branches that are
infefted with the Gum, jufl be-
low the Gum, and to take away
all that are dead and languifh-
ma.

0V. That if a Tree has a great
many Fruit ' Branches, and but
a few #70041 Branches, then you
mull prune one of the Mod
Branches and the largefl Fruit
Branches, and this Will Caufe
the Tree to flourifh the better
next Year.

of

PE

0f pincbiflg Pearl: Tram]
This pinching is a Sort of prun-
ing, it, is performed by the Nails,
to three or four Eyes, upon a
new tender Shoot. The Defign
. of it is to hinder the too for-
ward Pafl'age and high Spring of
the Sap , and caufe' the. Tree
to burft out into fever-a1 Eyes,
and produce many Branches.
This Practice is faid to have
been firft invented by Monf.
Qaintifley, With Defign to flop
thofe Branches which would 0-
therwife become luxuriant; for
if it were, not done, thofe
Branches would grow both too
high and too big, and would

run out into nothing but Wood; .

whereas by being pinch’d, they
divide themfelves into feveral
little inferior Branches, fome of
which being proper for Wood,
ferve to adorn the Tree, and
the other become good Bearers.

This Operation, he recom—
mends to be performed in the
Months of Illa/v and jam ; for
that if it were done after that
Time, it would only be ineffec-
tual, becaufe fuch Branches pro-
duce no other under them, but
what would prove crumpled and
unfruitful in the Year follow-
ing.

0f diréuda’iag.] To disbud
Pegcb~Treer is to take away the
ufelefs Branches, and alfo regu-
lar ones, to preferve the rel’t
the better, and make. the Trees
the more beautiful. This is alfo
to be performed in Illa}: and
3m”, with a hooked Knife made
for that Purpofe.

As to the pruning of Perle/l)-
‘Treex, Nit. Laure/rte fays, that

 

A

PF

as (after the fecond or thirdi
Year of planting, ) they are apt 3
to put forth Plenty of bearing;
Branches,and you mayealily make 5

Choice of thofe that are good
and healthful.

If the Trees are too hafiy in
hearing, it is a Sign of,Weak-‘

l

q
‘

nefs, and in fuch cafe moll, or ‘

all, the Blollbins, or'Fruit mufi
be pulled off, and they mull be
pruned ihort. ,

The main Difiiculty is when
a Pear/a is over vigorous,
caufe then Nature is apt to make
great Confufion, and fome Skill
is required to know what to
chufe.

Then what great Wood can
be conveniently fpared mull be
cut out, and that which is left
mull be longer, ten Inches, or
a Foot7 of the 1311 Years fhoot,
and in two or three Years it
mull be cut intirely out, when
the Wall can be furnifhed with
fmallcr Wood.

You may cafily know fruit-

be- '

bearing Branches by their full

and fwelling Buds: Thefe are
not generally to be permitted to
be above five or fix 'Inches long.
Thefe are always of the weaker
Sort, and of the Shoot of the
wood of the Year foregoing.
All dead Wood and yellow
fitpplefs Shoots mull be kept out,
and the bell Time to perform
this is after the hard Frofls are
over before you prune, and to
do it with a {harp Knife, or

elfe the firings of the Bark will

be left behind. He accounts a
Pen-Knife the molt proper for the.
finall bearing Branches. All Aua

mm»

PE

‘tumn Shoots are to be rejeéled

as unprofitable and ufelefs.
The Trees being thus trim’d
and form’d into Beauty and Or-
der, the Fruit mull be thinned
Where more than two grow to-
gether in a Clufier; and at Mid-

‘_ fummer the Shoots may be dif—

creetly ihortened, and faflened to
the Wall, tho’ as to the Order,
it is no great Matter, becaufe
that mull be altered the next
Pruning.

The Sun mufi be permitted

to come at the Fruit, as foon as iti
is pretty well come to its Bignefs,;
and that will give it both a:

l
and Matu-

beautiful Colour
rity.
0f managing the Fruit on the

‘ Tram] If you would have beau-

: burthened with two great

v.

‘ Indy.

tiful Fruit, if the Trees be over
a
Quantity of Fruit you mull eafe
them. This is to be done in
Among the rei’t you

:mu’fi pull off thol'e that are
' Worm eaten, or otherwil‘e ble-

r4

miihed. You fhould pull ofl"

.2 the {mallet}, or elfe their Pulp
: will be coarfe and flat, and their

‘Tafie fowr and bitter.

You

1 mull pull off fome, Where they
~ crowd one another ; for if the
: Sun and Air have no Pafl'age

between them they will be apt
to rot.

To give the Fruit a good Co-
lour, and to help them to ripen

:apace, uncover the fruit, nay,
even if it be the white Magda—
:1652 Peach; for by that Means

. mm'm Colour.

it will take a very beautiful Car-
There are nor,
'except the forWard white Peach,

:‘ which is not coloured, at. all,

 

 

PE

and the white Andi/[)5 that takes
it but a little.

He advifes, about the latter
End of 3m, and f0 to continue
to cut off the Leaves with Scill
fars, eI‘pecially When the Fruit”!
has attain’d to its prOper Growth.
For then being flript of all the
Leaves, the Dews of the Night,
the Rain and Beams of the Sun
will have the freer Accefs to
the Fruit.

Some Gardeners, he lays, ad-
vil‘e to ufe a Syringe made for
that Purpoi‘e, with the Head
made in the Form of the Role of
a watering Pot, and to water or
fyringe them two or three times
a Day with it, during the hot
Seafon. Tho’ this may give
them a good Colour, he fays,
he is of Opinion, that it will
hurt Peat/9e: in their Quality,
their Coat being very fine, and
the Water eafily penetrating in-
to the Pulp, will marr the F la-
vour of the Fruit. _

To know when they are at
their Maturity. ] This, he fays,
is when they fall from the Trees
ot‘themfelves: But to know it
while they hang upon the Tree
is to feel them with your Thumb.
and Finger; and if they yeild
to the Thumbs you may conclud:
they are ripe ; but he rather ap—
proves of letting them fall ofi" .
the Trees ; and to prevent
them from being bruifed by
their Fall, to lay Straw. half 9.,
Foot thick, at the Foot of the
Efpalier Dwarfs ; and if the Ef-
palier has any high Standards to
hang Straw Mats, half a Foot
broad, made with Edgings, which
are robe hung or ty’d with Cords,

the

PE,

the Length of the Tree, that the
Fruit may drop upon it, and not
roll Off.

Of Planting Peach-Trees, 65%.]
Nit. Col/[m filys, Oéloéer is the

PE

Heat of the Sun. This lhou‘ld i
be renew’d two or three Times ;
in a Summer, and freih laid on.

This he advifes efpecially for all l
South-Eafl or South-Weft Walls , ;

v

1 Roar,

‘advifes,

belt Month to plant in , that
you may continue to plant in
Novemée‘r, December and yam;-
ary , but if they are planted to
late, they Will not have [‘0 much
of the IVnter to impregnate that
vital Quality in their Roots,
which is necefl‘ary for their
Striking early ; to that they can
neither make ['0 {trong or f0
many Shoots.

As for Planting Peaclm, he
would not have any Apricockr,

Pear: or Plum: planted among?
ll/ther, he adviles, TO cut Off

them ; but allows of Neflarirzcr
If their Roots are numerous, he
to cut off all but fix or
feven of the firongei’c, and to leave
them at as equal Difiances as
may be, and 9 or 10 Inches long,
and as for the young hairy Fibres
to leave them about three Inches
long; and any that are not {'0
long, to cut them ofi“ half Way.

To fet the Trees fix or feven
Inches deep 1n the Ground, with
the Bud direétly from the Wall ;

and to put fine Mould elofe a~i
bout the Roots for about three;

Inches thick, then to throw in
the reit, and tread it down, and
lay the Mould about an Inch or
two higher than the ref: of the
Ground, for about half aYard

‘ from the Stock.

He direéts, To lay mown
Grafs a Handful thick, about the
for the Space of three
Quarters of aYard, to fecure the
Trees for the firlt and fecond

Year, from being injured by the

 

 

and as for the Nora/a, they have
no Oecai‘ on for any. As for
Watering the Trees, it may be
done through the Grafs;, and
there will be Occafion to do
it the feldomer; becaufe the
feldomer you water, the lefs
porous the Ground will be; and
the Grafs lying fo clofe that nei-
ther Sun nor Wind can force
their Way through, one Wateré
ing will lait two Months.

A: for the Winter Priming]
Thofe Trees that are planted in

their Heads the latter End of
February, and nor to leave more
than four or five Eyes or Buds.
As to Trees ,ot the firfl Ye1rs
Growth, they are not to be
prun’d that Summer, unlefs they
{hoot out within a Foot of the
Ground fomewhere round the
Stock. The fecond Year, he
advifes to cut theHead down
again, and not to leave above
four or five Shoots, and thofe at
as regular Dillances as is poflible,
and in Length about fix or fea
ven Inches. The Tree being
thus kept down, and the Roots
growing firong, it will the third
Year put forth a great many
Shoots, which perhaps may fill
the Tree equally at five Inches
Difiance, and for near :1 Yard in
Length: But if the Tree does
not put out a fufiicient Number
of Shoots, however lay the
lowelt on each Side at Foot from
the Ground, and the other Shoors

\ at

. P E
at fuch equal Dillances as you
can, according to their Number.
Thefe Shoots will, the fourth
Year or fooner, put forth from
their Sides bearing Wood fo
plentifnlly, that you will be
oblig’d to take off fome fruitlels
Branches (in Nailing them up)
at four or five Inches Diflance.
All Shoots, he fays, ought to
.. be nail’d up, at four or five In-
: ches Diflance; and the Trees
: lhould at their firfi Pruning be
nail’d up in the Form of a Fan,
-: and conl’tantly kept in that Form,
2: advancing about nine Inches a
' Year. And'if any Branch runs
iinto Wood too large, for the
‘1 tell , it ought in the Pruning
:2 Seafon to be taken off as near
‘I the Bottom of the Tree as may
"i be.
When the Tree is feven or
.3 eight Years old, you fhould take
fit from the Wall either every
(Year, or once in two Years,
I and cut out all the great Wood ;
.5 and you mull order thofe Bran—
:ches that are left, ['0 as to fill up
:i: the Spaces at as equal Diftances
.135 you can, which have been made
(by the cutting out the great
JWood. And this will preferve
llt'the Pearly—Tree or Areflarine in
-tits full Blow, and with vigorous
EShoots for more than thirty
TrYears, and always at one Size,
:and in one Shape, or at leafi
;rwith a very little Difference,
After the Tree is ten Years

lcold, you mull not cut off What-
:.':ever {hall break out near the
FiFoot of the Tree (not in the
32$tock ) but you fhould confiant-
’{zly nail fueh Shoots, to produce
Anew Wood ; and this will make
VOL. IL

PE

Amends for the taking out of
the old ; the Negleél of which
defiroys many Peat/2 and Neé‘r’a-
rine Trees.

This alfo ought to be obferv’d
in the Lther-Pruning, not to
cut off the Shoot ( that became
barren by Bearing the Year be-
fore ) too near the Branch ; but
you ought to leave the Width of
a Five-Shilling Piece, becaufe
from that Place frequently Shoots
put out, which will prevent
Nakednefs.

He fays, That it is not the
Nature of Peat/7e: and .Netfla-
rimr to exceed feven Foot in
Height, and yet to keep them-
{elves fill’d with young bearing
Wood, according to Direétion;
and tho’ indeed he has feenTrees
fifteen Foot high, yet they were
naked at the Bottom, and have
had pitiful, long and barren
Arms.

He advifes, That the lOWefl
Branches fliould not be laid
lower than within a Foot from
the Ground ; becaufe if there be
any Fruit lower, the Dafhing of
the Rains prevents it from com-
ing to Maturity, or elfe it is
eaten by the Mice. ,

He is ofOpinion, That aTree
[hould not be allow’d to (boot
from its molt extreme Parts
above nine Inches in one Year.

77% Summer Pruning] The
Trees fhould be look’d over
about the Middle of 321m, and
all the great Shoots that are
clofc to the Bottom fhould be
taken out, and all the fine fmall
Wood fho‘uld be laid in. You
ought alfo to pull as many
Leaves from the Shoots as will

 

K thin

ht. -

‘r P E
thin them, and let the Light in
to the Fruit.

If it happens that a Tree be-
comes naked at the Bottom on
either Side, for any Space, by
Blafls, you {hould put a Bud in
at the Place where the Shoot is
wanting ; altho’ the Wood, be-
ing five or fix Years old, will
nor of it felf fill up the naked
Places 3 and altho’ the Bark be-
ing too thick, and on the‘main
Body of the Tree Budding will
not take there, yet it will take
Well enough upon the Arms.

Altho’ it is a Praétice among
fome Gardeners, at this Seafon,

._ or earlier, to cut off all. thofe

Branches as grow beyond the
Fruit; he only approves of this
Praétice‘where the Tree ihoots
abundance of good Wood. The
proper Time for Pruning thefe
Trees, he thinks, is earlier, and
that is , when large, fruitlel‘s
Shoots are grown to the Length
of five or fix Inches, which if
the Tree be not vigorous, ihould
be left about three Inches long ;
but if it be vigorous, then they
ought to be taken otf clofe:
And being thus order’d, the Sap
having there a powerful Draught,
thefe Shoots Will‘that Summer
put forth feveral others to the
Advantage of the Tree after-
Wards. . '

KL“. Laurence fays, In 11-h)!
you may fafely plalh a lirong
Branch of a Peer/J or ripricork
hat llioots dircc‘rly for: zird; and
you may fo difpofe the Branch
as to fill a void Place with weak
and confequcntly be:1ring\Vood.

As to Pruning Panther, a
certain Author iiiys, It mould

PE

not be perform’d ’till the 3101’»-
firm are ['0 much fwell’d, that
the bearing 81%;”: may be difi
cover’d from the falfe quflbfifl ;
which may be done to fome
Trees in February, while it is
not fit to be done to others ’till
Marc/7.

That which is call’d a fizlfia
B/oflbm, he fays, NIL Fain/31761
has difcover’d to be a male Bio/1v
fora, which is differently made
from the Fruit Blmfom. And
therefore, whereas that Gentle-
man fays, that the fa/fe Bloflbmr
never hear Fruit, and therefore
ihould be cut 01?, he fays, That
there was little then known as
to the Generation of Plants.
And he is of Opinion, That it
it as 11eceffary they fhould be left
on theTrees as the others, and
are as ufeful to the Bearing of the
Trees as the falfe Bloffoms of
C mumbcrr, Melbm 0r Gourdx.

But as to the Pruning of ten~
der Pearly—Treat, he thinks that
ought to be delay’d ’till the. Sun
has gain’d Strength ; becaufe
they are too apt to lhoot too vi-
goroufly ; whereas the Pruning
of them late prevents their too
great Luxuriance. And if they
are prun’d when the F rolis have
any Force, it would endanger
them.

The Top, or bearing Branches
may be prun’d according to their
Strength; and this is the Way
to have good Wood, and good
Fruit : You may leave the long-~
efi Shoots 2. Foot long or more,
and thence good Wood may be
erected to fill the “fall 5 for a-
Pmcb-‘Trce often wants it, and

 

Nougat to be fill’d up with young,
- Shoorsr

_ P E
Shoots as much as may be; for
it is only they that bear Fruit.

A middle-fiz’d Shoot is ufually
furnilh’d with Fruit-Buds, and
ought to be ihorten’d according
to its Strength ; and you ought
to cut the fmallefl F ruit-Buds
which have Bloffoms upon them,
to a convenient Length, that the
Fruit may be large.

After the Pear/yer have been
prun’d in the Spring, the Trees
ihould not be touch’d with a

. Knife for all that Year, except
,: fuch Shoots, as cannot 'be laid to
tthe Wall. A Peach-Tree can-
! not hear more than the Spriug-
iPruning, without declining in
1 its Health.

He does not approve of Cut-
;1 ting down thofe Trees nurs’d
.3 againfl Walls, once in four
..' Years, to make them renew their
Wood ; a Tree ought to fill the
iPart of the Wall allotted it; and
. it is the Fault of the NIanager if
.rfit does not do it, unlefs it be
idifieniper’d at the Root.

If clol'e Pruning be allow’d at
tall, it is during the firfi two or
itt‘nree Years after Planting, in
lOrder to furnifh well the Bot—
):tom of the Wall; but for all
.ithis Pruning is praétis’d, yet we
{frequently find it has not the de-
ifir’d Eliefi : For too many lead
:lzhe Shoots upright, which {hould
be fpread Horizontally, and f0
sleave the Vv’allr naked at the
EBottom ; and f0 in a few Years
rthey fay the V Tall is too low for
tithe Tree.

Some are ['0 favourable at this
ifirfl Pruning, as to fpare the
:iiBranches that have Bloflbms on
{them; but this Praéiice is unrea—

 

P E
fonable, for we never have a
good or lafiing Tree that is fuf—
fer’d to bear f0 early.

Mr. Bradley having fpoken of
the Early-mmk’d-peacb, the Tray-
pear/a, the Double Troy-pearl], the
Capacim—peacb, the fllberge, Tel-
low, Red and Purple-peacber, the
U’bite and Red Magdalen-Peacber,
fays, they would all ripen with—
out a Wall , and might. be
brought to bear upon Standards,
altho’ they might be caus’d to
drop their Fruits by being lhaken
by the Winds. But if they were
train’d in the Manner that Mr.
Her-ran has mention’d about
Pearr, by placing Arbour-Poles
in fuch a Manner as to form the
Shape of a Bell the wrong Side
uppermofi ; and t0 twil‘t the
young Shoots of the Tree about
the Frame, like a Screw; he is
of Opinion, it might be kept full
of Wood every Way, and there
would be no Occafion for Prun-
ing, which is apt to bring Gum,
and canker the Trees, even to.
the Deitruétion of Stone—Fruits.

All Stone—Fruit is apt to um.
by being prun’ld and woun ed;
and the more a Tree gums, the
fooner it decays ; and therefore
he approves of the before—menti-
on’d Contrivance, becaufe in the
Windng of Trees thus like a
Screw, they need not be prun’d;
and f0 Stone-Fruit Trees might
be long lafimg. .

He fays, He has feen a Stand-
ard Peac/FTree which had not
been prun’d, which was grown
as large as a good Orr/yardflpple-
Tree, which bore good Fruit”;

By the Method before—mentic
on’d, Peach-Tree: Would be fe-

K 2'- cure

 

PE

,cure both 'from the Knife and
Gum ; their Blofi'oms might
with Eafe be defended from the
Froll, nor would they be infefl-
ed with Vermin, fuch. as Pif-
mire: and the Plye; becaufe ha-
ving that Freedom, would pre-
ferve it both from Wounds and
Gums. ' ‘
Mr. Bradley fays, It is com-
mon to Peach-Tree: to have
their Leaves curl’d up in the
Sprifig, and to be cover’d up
with a kind of Honey Dew, and
are invaded by a great Number
of Ants ; but it is not the flat:
‘ that caufe the Slu‘ivelling of the
Leaves, they come there to feed
upon little Infeéts, that are har—
bour’d on the Back of the Leaves,
‘and Wound the Parenchymous
Parts of them, from Whenee they
fuck the Juices of the Plant; and
{0 by frequently Wounding it,
caufe to many Scars, that the
Leaves curl and become gummy.

~He tells us, He {aw in game
feveral Peach—Tree: and one large
flpricock-Tree, which had been
remov’d, with all the Fruit up-
on them ; and they were in very
good Health, and the Fruit of
the Pearly-Trees ripcn‘d very
well.

To preferw Peaches from
qufli'flg W’iizdr. ] He is of Opi-
nion, That Matting keeps them
too render; and is but feldom of
much Advantage to them. And
whereas l'ome linoke them with
wet Str.:w, and think that there—
by they malte the Blofibms more
tough ; he has try’d both \Vays
Without Suecefs; and that Tree‘
have born as well, which have
not been 1‘0 nianag’d.

 

P E

He adds, That he order’d his;
Gardener to fill ‘a Water-Pot
half full of Water ; and the
Head being on, to call it femi-
eircularly all over his Trees,
every Evening, the lafi Thing he
did; and experienc’d, that this
fenc’d againftv the F rofls as well
as Winds : And obferv’d, That
after a rimey, freezing Night, the
Knots were icfd over, invelop’d'
from the Winds, and thefe af-
terWards flood.

How to order we Fruit w/Jile
Growing] \V hen Pear/ye: are
about the Size of a Pifiol-Bullet,
at the latter End of Martin, or'
the Beginning of flprz'l, they
ihould be thinn’d, leaving not
above three in a Knot, and one
of thefe mull be taken away,
when they have arriv’d at half
their Growth, and f0 order’d (if
it may be) that the two that are

left may not touch one another ;:’

for if the Scafon proves rainy,
the Water that lies between them

rot them, or tack them.

To try their Ripenefs, he does
not approve of Pinching them‘v
with the Finger or Thumb ; but:
either to linell to them if they be .~
in Reach, or to touch them gently
with the linger, and if they are;
ripe they will fall into Hand ;§
but it'thej' r); 31W out of Reach,§
he would have them to fall asi
they ripen. "

He adds,

Y
CDC

That going down at

 

dimpled and (potted, as if they?
had hadthe Simu’i—pox ;. and this};
was oceulion’d by the Freedom”

Ladies

A. “M”..- .n ”is...“

not being foon dry’d up, will

\Vallr, he found near a Dozeni
Trees, the Fruits of which were,

i
l

l

PE

: Ladies had taken in the Abfenee
. of the Gardener.

There are various other things
I relating to the Management of
:: ‘Pearla-‘Treer, that you may find
{under the Article Aprieorkr, Nec-
; urine: and Plumr, which are
: alfo proper to the Pear/2, which
i I {hall nor here repeat but ret‘er
tto them.

17. PEAR-TREES.

‘3 The Name and Origr'nal Place. ]
‘ H E Pear feems to have
“ taken its Name from P -
x rm, beeaul‘e of the pyrami al
lForm of its Fruit. The belt
3 Sorts of this Fruit were brought
'c by the Roman: from Alexandria,
.2 Greece, and the Countries there—
rabouts; and it is probable, if
'KWC have any of the lame Sort
'mow in Being, in England, that
lthe latter Kinds were brought
1' from the molt Southern Places.

Variom KimlL] Of Pear;
ithere is f0 great a Variety that
fit would be tedious, ifpofiible,
)to enumerate them all.

I {hall only endeavour to
rifpeak of the good Sorts.

The feveral Species of Perm
rare of different Qualities, fome
tare melting and buttered; others
icrackling or juicy; and others
zdry and odorous.

The .Time when the firll of
~rrhem [come in, or begin to ri-
epen, is commonly in yuly, and
nfrom that Time we have Perm
ofor ufe all the Year; for fome
taiSorrs of the late Winter-pear;
imill keep well till Nature ripen
:frefh Fruit. '

 

PE

Tbefi: Pear: fella-wing ripen
in July.

I. The Admired-pear is round
like that Sort called the Onion-
Pear. The Juice ofit is extream-
ly fweet, and high flavoured;
and the Tree is an extraordina-
ry Bearer.

2. The Admired Little Fol»:
is a lefs Fruit, and longer than
the former. It is [‘0 called be-
eaufe it ripens about St. yolm’s
Day.

3, The fldmiretl Ruflét of
Tours, or the Cyprm-Pcar, is al-
mofi round, the Colour of a
brownifh Grey; the Flelh is firm,
and the Juice fugared ; and it
has arich Flavour.

4. The Amber-pear, or Queen’s-
pear, or Mufmt Robert, is a lit-
tle Pear {haped like-the l'Jufmt
but larger; its Colour is very
yellow and amberedg It has a
very rich Flavour, and is ave-
ry good Bearer, and, makes a
very handfome Tree. The
VVOOd is yellow.

5. The large and {mall Bid”.-
ket-pear ; they are both account—
ed good Pears: The finall Sort
are called the Pearl-pear: ; they
are both of a rich Water, i.'e.
their Juiee'is richly flavoured ;
They are yellow, and will keep
well. The Tree makes a good
Appearance, {hoots 'f’trong, and
has large Leaves.

6. The Marked Drone-pear, it
is 3. Sort of early Mzzfmr. The
Tree is a good Bearer: The
Fruit is round and has a high
Flavour. The Fruit, when it

' ,1»: a. is

 

 

PE

is full ripe is apt to rot at the,

Head; and therefore ought to
be eaten a little greenilh.

7. The [WI/Moot Pig-pear; the
Fruit- is large, for a forward
Sort, and has a rich Flavour.
It has very large and firong
Wood, and rough Leaves, and
larger than ordmaryu It is‘cal-
led by the Fremb Bei’liflime, by
Reafon of its great Beauty,
being of a fine yellow, {treak’d
with red. This' Tree blofl‘oms
about Midfummer, for a feeond
Crop, and fometimes brings that
Fruit to Perfcétion in Septem—
[aer and Gala/Mr; and thence pro—
bably it was called the Eypmr
for bringing, or attemping to
,bring two Crops in a Year.

8. The ILg/z‘z'ng-pearr; they
follow the llfyfmtr, ,the firfl
ripe. The Fruit is round, or a
yellow Colour, and has a pretty
good Flavour: When fully ripe
it quickly grows meally, and
rots like the other Summer Pears,
and therefore ihould be eaten be-
fOre it is full ripe. The Tree
bears well.

9. The great Ilqfling-pcer, is
finely painted of a yellow and
red Colour. The Tree bears in
Abundance, and in Clullers 5 they
are better to be eaten green than
When’ they are full ripe; for they
will not keep.

10. The [flute He beg-pear
is a large whitifh Pear, and ['0
melting, that it is by forne cal—
led Szzmx-yer Bzeree,

11. The Ladies Thigh is a
long Fruit, and when it is full
ripe—of a retell/l; Grey Colour;
has a firm l‘leih and 'very fiveet
juice, is a good Pear, and will
keep fotne Time.

PE

12.. The Magdalen-pear is in
Form almoli round, in Colour
rather green than yellow. It is
large for a foerard Hqfliflg-
pear, and has a pretty good Tafie.

1y, even While it is upon the
Tree.

13. The Little Mufmt-pear
is one of the firi’t ripe Pears,
the belt, and by far the richeft
flavoured of any of the little for-
ward Pears, of which there are:
fevcral Kinds. This Tree brings
its Fruit in Cluflers, and much
better in Efpaliers than Standards,
or in the open Air.

14. The Great flIufiat-pmr is
larger than the former, requires
the Alfifiance of a Wall,

ters, as the Little Mufmt does.

This tree bears well in any Si!
tuation ;

voured as the two former.

Tree is a great Bearer.
17. The R]: Eat-pear is very
much like the common Refleletg‘,

near as good as that. '

low Colour. The Juice is very.
fweet, and it is not apt to be
fiony. When it is too ripe it is'
meally; and therefore {hould be
eaten before. ’

 

it bears its Fruit in.
Cluilers, but is not to richly fla—

16. The long llalked Zlfufi‘zzti
pear, is remarkable for its long.
Stalk ; is pretty large, is a good ;
Fruit, fair to the Eye, and the,’

its Juice is very delicious, and”

18. the Stipreme—pezzr, they
great fizzrgonel 0r Gibbcrlflj-pmr, _
or the PZQ‘Peéfr. This Fruit is;
large and long, of a wall/1] yel— .

“r

Thefe '1

x

l

If it be too ripe it grows meal“ '

but ,;
does not bring its Fruit in Cluf— '

15. The little Ballard Mafia."

0‘.

..,/,~

 

  

”l

l

g:
‘a

v'

m

P'E .

Thefe Pears, which Mr. Mer-
Iet fays come in yuly, come
fomething later in England than
Frame about Pan} ; but the Dif-

i ference is fcarce above ten Days.

T/Je Pear: following are fit_ fizr
eating in Augufi.

1. Adam’: Pie/72, or Prince’s—
pear, ‘this Fruit is fomething like
the Rouflélet; the Juice has the
Flavour of Rofe Water, and
Very highly : It will keep well

: a pretty While Without rotting.
' The Tree is a good Bearer.

2. The Admiral-pear is in
Form rather flat than long, of a
reddi/IJ Colour; has a delicate
tender Flelh, and very juicy;
is never [tony ; and the Tree is

.- a good Bearer.

‘ww

3. The Summer Bergamoz‘o
pear is a large green Pear, [bit
and melting; it is in many Re—
fpefls like the Autumn Bergamot,
but has fome particular Excel-

, lencies.

4. The great Bergamot-pmr is
in Form almol’t round, in Co-
lour yellow, is one-of the beft
Pears for Plenty of Juice and
rich Flavour. The Tree is a
great Bearer.

5. The Bloody-pear; The
Fruit is fomething like the Val-
ley-pear; is red within quite to
the Core ; but is rather a Curio—
fity than valuable at the Table.
It is a Pear 'that will not keep
long, and fhould be gathered be-
fore it be ripe.

’ 6. The t’llztrked Ban Cbre’tieiz,
or Pear without a Skin, is forne-I
’it will ripen Well after it is ga~
the Summer Sort, The Skin of; thered and kept.

thing rounder and fmaller than

 

PE

it is yellew, and the Flefh pretty
hard ; its Juice is very fiveet and
delicious, and it is accounted
one of the beft Pears. This Pear
feldom comes to any Thing on
a Qaime Stock, and therefore
might to be grafted on a free
StOCk, and then too it will lall
but a few Years. It profpers
better from a Bud than from
Cleft—grafting; rfor the Cyon
commonly languilhcs till the In-
cifion is intirely healed up.

7. The good Brute has
its Name from the Coarfnei's
of its Flefh ; but it is a very
juicy Fruit, that is fweet and
high flavoured. It is a green
Fruit, and fhould be foon eaten.
The Wood of the Tree is whi-
tilh and farinacious, or pow-
dered.

'8- The Crimfim-pear is a fmall
Fruit, a little longifh, fomething
refembles the Blanket-pear, but
is thinner; the Juice is very
fweet, and the Tree is a great
Bearer.

9. The melyijmm-pear is a
finall, green, longifh Fruit, has
extreme fweet Juice and deli-
care.

10. The Grey—pear, called ale
fo the S/mrp Sword-pear, becaufe
its Wood is prickley ; The Fruit
is of a greyifl] Colour, and of
the Pear Form, neither long nor
round; it is a little melting or
buttered; the Juice is fwect
and pleal‘ant,

II. The Double—beaded— ear.
This Fruit grows very large and
good upon DWarf's, is crack-
ling and full of fweet Juice;

K 4' 12,-- The

 

PE

12.. The Gargonelle is along
and-reddifh Pear, a little dry
and flony; but the Juice is rich,
high tailed, and of a good Fla-
vour.

13. The yeflkmixe—pear is of
a middling Size, rather longiih
.than round ; it is fubjeét to "be
fiony, but its Juice is rich.

I4.- The Lichefrian is a long-
iih Fruit, of a rulfet Grey, is
foft and. melting, and the Tree
is a great Bearer. _

15. The Lam/24rd}; 0r Mi-
lan-pear, is a large long Fruit,
has a high musked Flavour, if it
is gathered alittle before it is
tape.

16. The Melting-pear of Brefl.
It is in Form rather long than
round; in fome Things it re-
fembles the Double-laeaded—pear,
which is fomething red and more
round than this ; it has a good
rich Juice, the Fleih is rather
brittle and crackling, than melt—
ing or buttered, and therefore
not rightly nam’d.

17. The [Wafmt of Augzz is
flat and. round, the Flefh is
hard, is of a high musked Fla-
vour, is accounted one of the
befi Sorts. There are two Sorts
of this Fruit, the larger and the
finaller; the finaller is harder
and drier than the large, which
has the richefi, Musk of any
Pear. The Fruit comes in Cluf»
ters. \ ‘

18. The Onion—pear is either
great or timll ; they are round,
flat and yellow, lhap’d fome-
thing like Onions, are mnsk’d
and high flavoured, but are finne-
what up: to be liony. The Trees
are exceilent Bearers.

PE

19. The Orange-pears. Thefe
are of feveral Sorts; the com-
mon Orange-pear, this is a large
handfome Fruit and very good ;
the marked Orange-pear is of a
fmaller make, and ought to be
eaten. before it is full ripe, be-
caufe it is apt to rot at Heart.
Nor {hould the refi of the 0-
nmge-pearr hang too long upon
the Tree, before they are eaten,
becaufe they are fubjeél to lofe
their Goodnels. ' -

20. Pan’s Perfumed-pear is a.
pretty large Fruit, rather long

than round, like the green fugar- .

ed Pear: The Juice of it is ex-
tremely fweet, and of a rich
Flavour.

21. The Perfztm’d-pe/zr, or
green flqumt, is long and green-
ilh, has amusked Juice. The
Tree is a fine Tree, and a great
Bearer, tho’ it. is a crackling,
brittly Pear, yet the fleih of it is
tender: Confidering it is a Sum-
mer Fruit it keeps pretty well.

22. The Augufl Perfzm’d—pear
is longifh, large, and ofa good ’
Tafle. It is greeniih and fpot«
ted. .
23. The Rafe-wafer-pear is
grey and round, the Juice fweet,
and the Stalk very lhort. The
Juice has the Flavour of Rofe-
water.

24. The Great Rozzflelet from
Rfrcmcr is generally efieerned
one of the bell Summer Pears ;
is buttered and melting, has a
musked Flavour, bears its Fruit
much larger, and fairer in El“
palier than in open Ground.

25. The Spam/ly-pcar; the
Fruit is large, long in fliape,

 

yellowand melting, and ought
to

t

 

 

PE

Vito be gathered before it is ripe,

u: to give its Buree or buttered
‘3 Quality. The Tree bears abun-
rt dantly.

' 26. The Valley—pear is, a wa-
w': tery Fruit, not much in Efleem,
"J fomewhat harlh now and then.

27. The great Mouth-water-
apmr is a large, round Fruit;
tthe Stalk is thick and lhort;
.9 greenilh and melting, of a. pret-
-1 1y good Tafle; but if it is not

g gathered a little before it is ripe,

iit will grow meally.

2.8. The great Wbite~pear is

s a large Pear, round about the
I Head, and long and flender to-
-»r wards the Stalk ; it is white in
)Colour, and very melting : It
aquickly decays, and therefore
1 ihould be eaten as foon as it is
1 ripe. The Tree is handfome;
-r makes large Shoots, and has ve-
1 ry large Leaves.”

September ‘ Pearr.

1. The Angel—pear is fome-
3 thing flatter. and more melting
Ithan the Salz'eati, but the Juice
i if not quite f0 fweet, nor the
Flavour ['0 rich.

2. The Summer Ban C/Jrétieu
iis a large, yellow Fruit, of a
[ longithake; the Flelh is tender,
t full of fine fugared Juice. The
‘ Tree is agood Bearer, efpecially
: about the Tops of the Bran-
) ches, which therefore mull not
.i be cut OH“.

3. The red Buree, or red but-
! tered Pear is a large Fruit, long,
.l but not pointed ; of a good Co-
[ lour: It takes its N me from
i being buttered and m ting, the
L Juice is fugared and highly fla-

 

PE

voured, and ripens after it is off
from the Tree, like the other
Baree; and therefore is to be
gathered before it is ripe. It is
accounted the belt Pear of this
Month, as the Rouflelet is of the
Summer Pears, and the Bon-
Clarétim is of the Winter ones.

4. The Grey Baree, or Grey-
buttered—pear; this Fruit is tart,
and more melting than the o-
ther.

5. The Green Buree-pezzr is
the lead melting of any of the
Bureer: The Juice of it is
flatter and the Flavour not ['0
rich. ‘

In order to keep the Hare:
Pears a long Time in eating,
they mufi be let alone to hang
upon the Trees till they} drop.
Some of thefe Trees may be
planted in a lVeflem Afpeét a-
gainfi a Wall. ,

5. The White Barrera-pear isa .
fair large good Fruit, of a Ci-‘
tron Colour, and is by fome
called the Citron or Lemon-pear.
It is very melting.

7. The Cbambrette-pear is a
large, longilh Fruit, the Fleih
very agreeably melting. It is al-
fo called the Mmar Chime~
brette.

8. God’I-pear, 0r [(1 Pere dc
mm Dim, is a Fruit that is
pretty handfome and indifferent-
ly good, ofa yellowifh red Co-
lour, juicy and not apt to be
fiouy ; the Tree is a good Bear-
er, and the Fruit ripens upon
the Tree, at fome Diliance one
from another. ’

2. The Rafe-pear ’iS a large,
round Fruit'of an Onion Make;
the Flclh isa little hard, but has

a very

P E
a very good Rofe watered Juice.
it has a long and flender Stalk.

10. The Salvezzti-fear is a
pretty, large, round and flattifh
Fruit, fair and handfome, of a
fine yellow Colour, will keep
pretty well; the Flelh is melt-
ing, the Stalk is long and Hen-
der, _

n. The Vertue Longm’, or
the Autumn Mouth-'watered-pear
is a long Fruit of a greeniih
Colour; when ripe, is melting
and has a very rich Juice, efpe—
cially When it grows in a Land
that is rather dry than wet. This
Fruit grows better upon a free
Stock than upon a Quick Stock.

Oéi‘ober Pears.

1. The Amadotte—pear is of a
flat Form, has a rough yellow
Coat, is dry, and has a high
Flavour. When it is Wild is
full of Thorns, but whencul-
tivated on a Quince Stock, it 10-
fes its ThOrns, but keeps them
when on free Stocks; but the
Fruit that grows on free Stocks

is the bel‘t, moli juicy and melt— ,

ing, and may be numbered :1-
mong the belt Sorts. This Fruit.
as well as other dry and perfum-
ed Fruits, is much better upon
dry Soils, than upon wet and
moift Lands ', thofe Trees, on
the latter, bringing their Fruit
larger, \but watery and infi-
pid.

This ought to be obferved in
regard to all melting and but-
tered Pears, which are but fel—
d-om very high flavoured, that
they be pinned in light. Soils;
and it has been Obie-tied, that the

P E

Barre-pear: which are melting like
the Thorn-pears, {9%. are much
improved by being grafted upon
the flmadotte; for that the Juices,
or Sap, of the/lmadotte, is muf-v
lied and richly flavoured, and the
Barre, or melting Pears which
are grafted upon it, are perfum-
ed by it. ‘

2.. The Belle am! BMW—pear

Form long and pointed, in Co—
lour of a greenilh red ; the Flelh
is tender and delicate, it pre-
fently decays, and therefore muft
be eaten jult in time.

3. The dammit Bergamot—pear
is a large green Fruit, a little
rough coated, of a flat Form
and very melting. It ripens af-
ter gathering, and then changes
its green Colour for one that
is yellowilh ; it will keep pret-
ty well. . -

In order to make the Trees
give good Wood and produce
fair Fruit, it ought to have the
Benefit of the tiling 0r fetting
Sun, but it mull by no Means
be expofed to the violent Heat
’of the .50:th Sun; for that is apt
ito mike the ‘Wood canker,
land the Fruit finall and full of
iCraeks.

This Fruit feldom anfwers EX-
:pefintion upon Dwarfs; but if
2 they be made Dwarfs, the Shoots
* mull be prun’d long, if it be ex-
pee‘ted that the \Vood fhould be
well nourilhed and profitable.
As for thole that are planted to
the letting Sun, the Fruit indeed
will not he lb much perfum’d,
but then the fweet or fugared
Tillie, which is l’llC Glory of
1.3101": Winter Fruits, will make

‘ ' amends

 

 

is a fair and good Fruit, in'

 

 

i

V .5

n
N

PE

amends for the Want of the
high Flavour. .

4. The Baflard Bergamot is a
large, flat Fruit, fireaked with
grey; the Flelh is brittle, of a
pretty good Water: The Tree
bears like Ropes of Onions, and
they lhould be gathered a little
before they be ripe.

5'. The Jute Bergamot is more
elleemed than the former, be-
caufe it will keep longer; but
as for its other Qualities, they
are the fame; it is called the
.Eafler Bergamot.

6. The .41de Bergamot-pear
is a fmall dry Fruit, very high
flavoured, a great Bearer, and
is excellent for fweet iVleats.

7. The DduP/atn —pcar is a
final], round, yellow, rough
Pear and one of the molt melt-
ing Sorts ; it holds fit for eating
till 3mm, if they are gather-
ed late, for they will hang upon
the Tree after the Leaves are
fillcn, and till the hard Frofis
begin.

8. The Switzerland Berga-
mot—pear is 21 Fruit that is flat
and very melting, fireak’d With
green and. yellow. The Wood
is the fame With the Autumn
Bergamot, but is a greater Rari-
ty. This Tree is a good Bearer,
requires a Wall, but little Sun.
This is not only the forward-
ePt but the bell of the Berga-

'motx.

9. The St. Demir of/Ingerr-
fear is a large, long and yel-
low Fruit,; its Fleih is brittle
and crackling and its Juice rich-
ly fugared.

10. The St. Frames—pear is
u very large, long and yellow

P E

Fruit, a good baking Pear, but
fomething of the harihel’t to eat
raw. .
1 r. The Little Lard-pear is a
Fruit of a middle Size, ahnolt
round, but of'an unequal Shape,
rather green than yellow : This
Fruit is one of the molt melt-
ing and delicate; the Tree is a
good Bearer.

12. The Mon/{cur 170/9”; this
Fruit is of feveral Sorts, the
white, the gilded, and the grey;
the white ripens firfi ; the F lefh
of it is more tender than the
tell; but its Juice is lefs fu-
gared, and the Whitenefs feems
toproceed from Difiemper in
the Tree ; for when the Tree is
very vigorous the Fruit has a bet-
ter Colour.

. 1 3. The gilded Monfiettr :701172-

pear, or 30/972 Dory, is 2 Fruit
Whofe Juice is more richly fu-
gared than the- former, and is
not to apt to be {tony as the grey,
Sort, which comes later, and
Will keep pretty well, and has
an extraordinary rich Juice.

14. The Rmvt/[e-petzr is a
large, long, green Fruit; but
grows yellow in the ripening;
it is very good to bake, and is
extream good roafied in the Elm
bers.

15. The Thorn Ra e-pear is of
two Sorts ; the earliefl ripe
is 21 Fruit rather long than round,
fair and large, intermixed with
yellow and grey ; it has a firong
rofcy Flavour ; the latter Sort is
fomething like the Portail pear,
is flatter and has lcfs of the
rofey Flavour than the for—
ward Sort.

 

16. The

. P E

15, The Vine-pear, or La-
aiy’r-pear is a round Fruit, of a
greyi/b brown Colour, very melt«
ing, having an extraordinary rich
Juice: It has a very long Stalk.
The Fruit mui‘t be gather’d be-

fore it is full ripe, or elfe it will
grow meally, and rot quickly,

Pear: good in ATOTember.
I. The Ambrette-fmr, is a
round Fruit, of a grcczi/b grey
Colour,when it grows in firong,
fiifi‘Ground ; but when in fandy
Land, is wbitifl]; it is a very
melting Fruit, and of a rich Wa-
- ter. It isa Wilding, as may be
difcover’d by its thorny Wood;
yet it 'is one of the befi Pearr.

If it be grafted upon a erime-
flock, it bears better Fruit than
upon a Free-flock; becaufe the
latter renders the Fruit fubjeét to
be Ptony ; and as it retains more
of the Wilding, the Fruit is of a
greener Colour than the other :
But the Quince-flock foftens and
reétifies it. This Fruit is every
Where in high Efieem.

2. The Berry-pear. This Fruit
is fmall , almofi round, very
érawn and melting. The Water
is extremely rich and vinous, liill
retaining fomething or" the Wild-
ing it was taken from. It is an
extraordinary Bearer, producing
its Fruit in Cluficrs.

3. The Berjqamot Cr’efla'z'efmr,
is a large, flat Fruit, of a yet—
Io-wi/b grey Colour. The Flelh
is very melting, and the Juice
.richly fugar’d, and ofa vinous

Flavour. The Fruit is rare and
excellent; and is much better

upon the fire 3/3th than the.

- t
Qwixcvfi’aat.

 

P E

4. The Champagne-pear, or
dry Martin-pear, is rather long
than round, of a good Colour,
and flrcak’d with red and grey.
Its Water is fugar’d and high
flavour’d ; but it is a little apt to
be (tony. The Tree is a great
Bearer; the Fruit \holds good
about three Months, and is eve-
ry where in high Efieem.

5. T he Ebcrgemmt-pear, is a
very large Fruit ; it has a fweet
Juice. The Tree is a great
Bearer, bearing its Fruit the
Length of the Shoot, or like
Ropes of Oniom. This Fruit
does much better upon the Free-
flock than upon the Quince-flock;
for if upon the latter, it foon
grows meally, and therefore
{hould be eaten rather a little
green than full ripe.

It is to be obferv’d, That thofe
Fruits that are fubject either to
rot foon, or grow meally, are
much mended by Grafling them
on Free ifsckr; becaufe the
Qw’me (which produces a dry,
harih Fruit) communicates its
Harlhnei's and Drynefs to thofc
Fruits that are grafted upon it:
And alfo tliofe Sorts of Fruits
ought to he gathered fooner than
others, before the Sap flackens
in its Moriou; for then the
Fruit dries and {0’35 fooner than
thoi‘c which have had lefs Time
upon the Tree.

6. The :7c’,-zlo;'g[y—;e.1r, is :1 large
Fruit refembling the Pound—hear;
but is of a yclz'ozui/Qb Colour, and
is more pointed towards the
Stalk: Its \Vater is 1'0 richly

 

perfum’d and fugar’d, that it,
may witi good Reafon be [aid
to excite Jealoufy among the

' , Pears

 

KP E
iPear: of this Seafon. If this
[Pear be fuffer’d to be too ripe
{before it is gather’d, it Will be

‘1 too Melting, and will keep but

\

I a little while; for molt of the
' melting Peer: to: foon, if they
I hang too long upon the Tree :
[ But this Sort of Fruit will keep
: a long Time, if grafted upon a
I. Free-flock; but it Will foon de-
I cay when upon a Qeimejfloek.
7. The Mmk’d Lemon, or C i-
; tron -pear, is in Form almofi
l round, finely colour’d With red

: and yellow; it has a very high
K Flavour, and a little dry. This

i Fruit mutt be watch’d, and taken
" when it begins to finell; for
r then the Water of it is fofter,

; and delicater to the Palate.

i

It
profpers better in moifi Grounds
than in dry, fandy ones ; as mofl
of the dry, musk’d, or perfum’d
Pear; d0.

8. The Lomfl’ Hanna-pear, is
a Fruit of a very long Make, of
aPearl-like Figure : It is wan/Ia,
and if it be not eaten too foon,
is very Melting.

9. The [Walt/M - fear, or
Prie/Z-pear, is :1 Fruit almofl
round, fireak’d with grey and
brown : The Stalk is thick and
fhort ; the Juice fweet, and of a
Rofe—like Flavour. It 12115 a
long Time fit for Eating; and
altho’ the Flelh is cr.-.ckling and
brittle, yet it is tender and de-
licate.

10 The [Marquis -pear, is a
large, green Fruit, which grows
yellow as it ripens. It refembles
the H'z’rzter Boa Cre’tim in many
Things. It has a long, {lender
Stalk; and the Flefh' of it is very
melting and butter’d; the Juice

 

PE

is fweet and richly musk’d,
fomething fugar’d like the Wa~
ter of the Max/fear 17057:. The
Tree is a good Bearer, and fo
vigorous, it is always well fur-
niih’d with Wood. It is ac-
counted one of the heft Perm.

II. The flzztumn perfum’d—
Pear, is a pretty large and long
Fruit, very much musk’d, and
high flavour’d, for one of the
Bzzree—Racc, or fuch as have a
melting F lefh.

12.. The fmtcr perfum’d—pear
is a large and round Fruit ; well
colour’d with yellow ; is an ex-
cellent Fruit for Baking; and
the Tree is an excellent Beaten,

13. The Roufll’line-pear, iS'
fomething like the Champagne;
but is a little more pointed, and
ofa yeflower Colour. It has a.
long, tender Stalk, like the
Vim-fear : It is one of the befl:
Bzeree -peezrr; it is delicately.
inusk’d. This Fruit for its
musk’d Flavour, and melting
Flefh, is fomething like the
Razefle/et. Some Years this,
Fruit is dry and high flaVOur’d ;
and others, melting, and of a dif-
ferent Relifh. If it were more
conliant in its Ripening and Pet—
fection, it might be accounted ,
the befi of [Water-Fruits,

14.. The l/Vimer Sefi‘oil-pmr,
or as fome call it, the Orange—
peer, is a large, round Fruit, of
agi'ey Colour; and the Flt-fl; is
very'melting, and of'ayellow CO-
lour. The. Tree is a good
Bearer. The Fruit will keep
good a pretty while ; and is well

efleem’d. It proi'pers beli, on a
Free 5/2005, rather. than on a
flange—flock.

15. The

P ”E

*1 5. The Virgouleztfc-pear, is a
large, long, grew Fruit, .Wthll
grows rel/11w as it ripens ; and is
one or the firmefi Barre: ; and
alfo very good. It Will keep
good and fit for the Table a
long Time; but Inuit not be
kept clofe, nor laid upon Deal-
Shelvcs or Straw. Nor indeed
mutt any of the Buree, or melt-
ing Peam' , beeaul‘e they a1c apt
to take the Tafie from any thing
they touch. They may be laid
upon Shelves of Oak, cover’d
over with Plailler of Parir. You
may give thefe Pear; what Fla-
vour you pleafe, by l‘ert’uining
Shreads of Leather, and laying
the Pear: upon them, and they
will foon take the Scent. The
Tree is the faireft of all Pear-
Treer as well by Reafon of the
fine Verdurc of its Leaves, as for
the Plenty of its Sap, which
puihes forth large and vigorous
Shoots. The Virgouleufe will
fooner make good a Deficiency
in a Plantation, than any other
good Pear; ['0 that if a Tree
dies or languilhes, it‘ you plant
a Virgoulcrrfc in the Place, it will
foon fupply it.
. If this Fruit be gather’d before
it be ripe, it is apt to Wither. It
1 yes rather to be cultivated as
a Dwarf than a Standard; for
the Fruit being but very tenderly
join’d to the Tree 0, it will be
broken oil by a \e1y little Wind
If it be futte1’d to hang too long
on the Tree, it loies its Ex—
cellence, and will hardly be
brought to melt, but then it
may be kept the longer.

It may be planted either in
Elpaliers, er VV 11115 that liclto

 

PE

the 'Ezzfl or We/l Sun; but nca
Ver to the South, for that will
make the Tree turn yellow, and
crack the Fruit, nor Will the
Fruit keep to well.

There is one Sort of this
Fruit that is very rare; the
W00d and Fruit are both red,
and it is fit for eating fomething.
later than the other, and Will
keep good ’till Fc/zmarv , but it
is not fo melting and butter’d as
the other Virjgozzlcufe. This
Sort ought to be grafi‘ed upon
the common l ’lrgoz/lczzfe if you
would have the Fruit large and
in Perfe€tion.

Dercmécr Perm.

I. . The A1 (/1 ([11 kc-pmr is a
round, yellow Fruit, like the
Lard-,Pem" but 15 later and much
better. It IS melting, and has a
fweet, agreeable Juice, and is
one of the be (’1 1 am. ‘

2 The Bcrv. Sec Vilandry;

3 The Bufr-pem, is f0 call d
becaufe or its (3010111: It is
much like a large 130137 Clvrc‘rz'm ;
a fair, large, baking Fruit, and
richly flaVOur’d. _

4. The ll'im‘er Bare; -pe:zr,1 "S
alarge, gram Fruit, of a long
oval Shape l. he Flefh is like
the Bzzrcc—Race; but it is better
bak’d than raw.

5. The Culer—Pmr, is a large-
Fr,uit l‘omethinsr rel‘embling the
huge larzmm 1111 came: but is a;
little more pointed. It has a
butter’d Flefn, but not very melt;
ing. The Iuice of it is very {111
bar d and rich. The Tree is a
good Becuer, and lhoots plCntiJ

fully:-

“11”

. .~...un-.f 41.: — 1.1—: <

Isa—u . .

 

 

P E
ifully: It lalts the belt Part of

lzthc Winter.
6. The Franc-Real-pear, is a

slarge Fruit, almol’r round, of a —

rye/[awry]: Colour, and accounted
(one of the belt Baking Pears.
[There is alfo a fmall Sort of this,
sWhich is round and yellow, and
wery dry; but Well tailed: It has
re large Kernel, the Fruit will
)keep a great while, and the Tree
:is a good Bearer.

7. The St. Germain-pear, is
In large and long Fruit; has a
cbutter’d and melting Flelh, pret-
fty much like the Virgouleztfe. It
ais an extraordinary good Fruit,
(both for Quality and Keeping,
rand holds a long Time in Eat—
ting. The Tree makes a hand~
ifome Appearance , and bears
swell. The Wood is inclining
»to be Thorny, the Leaves are
vlong and narrow , and are in—
'clin’d to {hut up like the Leaves
'OF an Orange—Tree that wants
iWatcr. This Fruit has all the
;good Qualities Of the Virgozdeufc,
rand none ofthe bad ones.

8. The Water M'onfieur 310/)”,
:is fomething like the common
V‘Monfleur yolm, but is clear and
:more pointed. Its Flelh is brit-
’:tle and crackling, Without melt—
:‘ing at all in the Mouth: Its
JWater is richly fugar’d, and the
3Fruit holds good a long Time.

9. The [MONK—pear, is of a
$1.251, brow/’2, colour’d with red;
:21 little pointed in its Make. The
lJuice is lbmething like that of
lithe [Wm/fieur 30/)”.

10. The Naples—pear, is a
rye/low, rough-coated Fruit, flat,
rand the Flefh is of the Buree-
rKind. The Tree is a great

5 P E

Bearer; it bears a very long and
narrow Leaf, and curl’d in a par.
ticular Manner.
I I. The Portugal pear, is not
a very large Fruit ; but is high
flavour’d, and very agreeable.

r z. The Satin-pear, is a Fruit

coated. The Fleih is very melt-
ing, the Water very much fu-
gar’d: and it will keep good
three Months. The Tree pro‘

Fruit every Year, which is form-
what particular in a Pear-Tree.

13. The Long Witter 7730m-
pear, is a very melting Fruit, and
of a very rich Water. It in
fome Things refembles the 77mm-
rpear of Autumn, but is fomed
thing longer and larger. It does
not grow meally in Ripeningr
It will keep good a long Time,
and is one of the bell Peary.

14. The Vizmdry or Berry, is
a pretty large Fruit, almofi of an.
oval Form ; in Colour yel/o'wfflr;
The F lefh is very melting, and
well fiavour’d, efpecially when
it grows on a fandy Soil. The
Fruit keeps well, the Tree makes
a handfome Appearance, and is
a good Bearer ; the Leaves are
very long, and narrow pointed.
The Fruit is one of the bell of
this Month.

I 5. The H/amlcr oft/1c [Vivien
This Pear is roundifli, but fomc-
times of an unequal Figure. I:
is of a grcem'flj Colour, like the
Bergzzmot ; but is forncthing
richer in its Flavour. It is one
of the belt melting Bar-ear.

 

w-

Pam

almofi round, ‘wlaite, and fmooth.

duces Plenty of both Wood and

4.4

 

w P E /
Pear: good in yammry.

I. The Bon Chrétim Dore’,‘ or
Gilded Ben C larérien, which is the
tenderefi and firfl ripe. The gram
Ban Clare‘tim, which has the mofi
Juice, and lafis till April or ngr,
When cultivated upon a Free-
fl‘ork. It turns yellow as it ripens.
The belt of thefe Pear: is of a
Bottle-Shape, tho’ there is along
and round Sort. ‘

Thefe Sorts will not bear be-
ing expos’d in too hot :1 Place,
for fear of drying and fcorching
their Leaves ; which [tops the
Sap, and hinders the Progrefs of
the Fruit.

Thofe Kinds of Trees are very
much annoy’d with a fort of
Flier. The Way recommended
to defend the Trees, is to wth
all the Parts of them, in Autumn
and Spring, juft when the warm

eather comes in, with fair
Water, from Time to Time ;
Sand fome do it with aDeeoélion
of Rue, [Worm-wood, and fuch
bitter Herbs. Others fpread a
‘ Cloth at the Foot of the Tree
about Break of Day, and with a
tender Brufh fweep the Flier

down upon the Cloth, and then“

defiroy them ; for they can’t take
Wing early in the, Morning
While the Dew falls.

If thefe Peary are gather’d in
fair VVeather when they are dry,
and it" they are eather’d in the
-Decreal‘e of the Moon, they will
keep the better, and lafi a long
Time without Rotting.

2. The great white [-17:32th
Burce-pczzr, which bears :1 :ubiz‘ij/J
Fruit, long and thick fnxp’d,

PE

'fomewhat like the ll’iézter Boat 4"

C/orc‘rim; it is very melting,
and full of a fwect and agreea-
ble Juice.

3. The St. Francis - pear,-
is very' large and long, of a~
brown Colour, has a' rich musk-
ed Juice; is never fiony, and
is an excellent baking Pear.

4. The little Winter Mafia»,
Which is a round yellow Pear,
whofe Flelh is a little dry, but
very Well tailed.

5. The Winter Orange-pear
is alarge, round Fruit, green
upon the Tree, but turns yel-
low as it ripens. It has a fweet
and agreeable Juice; and re-
mains good a great While.

6. The Prime’r-pezzr, WhiCh
is a good baking Fruit, large,
ofa beautiful red Colour, has
an agreeable Juice, and is not
fubjeét to be l’tony.

7. The Pomzd~pmr is alarge,
good baking Pear.

Pear; good in February.

I. The Beyztefne-pmr is of a
browner Colour, and longer
pointed than the Den-ville. It
keeps well, and is a good bak-
ing Pear.

2. The Hal/cm! Beggar/got is a
very large, fair round Fruit, green
in Colour, has a butter’d Flelh,
but the Juice is not fo rich as
other Bergafizorr.

3. The Berg/mot B14533, is a
large Fruit, almofi round, but
narrow towards the Stalk ; of a.
yel/o‘wiflj gram Colour. The
Flef‘n of it is butter’d ‘and melt-
ing ;‘it keeps well, but is apt to

 

grow mufty, it kept too clofe,
and

P E

and takes the Flavour of any
thing that touches it, therefore
mutt have Air, and be kept like
the Vergouleufe. It does nor well
fucceed, in Dwarfs ; but plant-
ed againfi an Eafl or Wq/i Wall,
bears excellent Fruit.

3. The Clove-pear, Which is
a round Fruit of a greenifh red,
has a firm Fleih, and a very
fweet and well tailed Juice.

4.. The Dagebort-Pear, Which
is a pretty large Fruit, long and
red, and bakes well.

5. The Domiille-pedr is a large,
long fhap’d Fruit, of a yellow-
ilh red Colour. -

7. The Martin Sire, a long
green and red Pear, has a richly
perfumed Juice, and keeps a
long time. ’

8. The great Winter Mark-
pcar, or the Orange Musk, or
filagdalen, is a round, green
Fruit, but turns yellow as it
ripens : It has a highly musked
Juice; the Grain of the Flefh
is a little coarfe, but it is one of
the belt Pears of this Seafon.

9. The PafloralIe—pear is a long
yellow Fruit, has an extraordi-
nary good melting Fleih, is fit
for eating a long Time ; but .is
better or worfe, as the Seafon
of its Growth is dry or wet.

10. The Water Roufl’elet—pear.
This Fruit is pretty like the Sum-
mer -Roflfle1et, but rather longer,
and greener, having lefs red in it,
than thofe, and a little more
pointed towards the Stalk. It
has a richly fugared Juice, and
of a vinous Flavour. The Wood
of the Tree is red, and the

Leaves are like the Summer
Sort.“
V o L. 11.

PE

I It. The Sterganette-pear is a
{Fruit of a middle Si2e, long
and brown; the Flelh is like
athe Buree, and it has an ex-
;treamly rich Juice for a late
Pear. ' .

Pears‘good in March and April.

I. The Angelick—pear is very
like the Bon Claré'tien, as long,
but not [‘0 thick, and is late in
eating. It has a tender Flelh and

 

fugared Juice; it is an half
Barrett. '

2. The Cadillac-pear is a Sort
of White, pound'Pear, large and
flat, fit for baking; the Tree
has large Wood and Leaves.

3. The Cbaumontel-pear is a
large Winter Buree, fomething
redder than the Autumn Baree,
is a melting Fruit, and has a
rich and fweet Water.

4. The Eafler Burgamot-pear
is green in Colour, has a melt-
ing F lelh, and the Juice is as
good as that of the Autumn Ber-5
gamot. _

5. The Fonmrabia-pear is a
large Fruit , rather long than
round, of a yellow Colour,
ting’d with red : It is an admi-
rable baking Pear, and may be
eaten raw, the Flelh never being
(tony. .

As for the keeping of Pears
in Winter, we lhould allow
them all the Air that may be
in dry Weather ; but the Win-
dows ought never to be opened
in damp, foggy Weather.

In moderate Winters all‘
Fruits hafien more to Maturity,
and to rot fooner, even the V ir-
goa/cufe, unlefs they be kept ai-

L [Y]

 

P' E
ty, and then they will keep
Well.
_ Thefe Fruits that hang long
upon the Trees keep the longeft;
and if Fruit fall from the Tree,
or have been gathered too foon,
they fade the fooner; but then
their F lefh tafies more Of the
Buree.
~ Mr. Laurence recommends the
following belt Fremb Pears to
be planted againft the beft Wall
and Afpeél you can give them,
which will not be ripe till fome
time after they be gathered.

The Summer Ban Cbrétien,
which ripens about the Begin-
ning of September.

The Winter Bon Cbrétien,
which ripens the Beginning of
Mdrcb.

‘ The Spam/73 Ban Cbre’tien,
which ripens in November.

The Buree du Roy, that ripens
the End of September.

The Vertue League, that ri—
pens in 0630b”.

_ The St. Germain, that ripens
in Noa'embcr.

The flmbert that ripens, in De-
cember.

The Colmar, that ripens in
December.

.The Cbrjfan, that! ripens in
December.

The following, he fays, are
good Fears, and will do if plant-
ed on Nortb-Eafl, Or Nari/9-
”If? Walls. .

,. he Orange Bergamot, that ri-
pens in September.

The St. Katberine, that ripens
in September.

The Rouflellct, that ripens in
Séptember.

P E

The Pound-pear, and the black
Pear of ”force/fer, for baking;
and thefe will alfo do well for
Dwarfs.

The following he efieems pe-
culiarly good for Dwarfs. The
Swen’r Egg, the Bergamot, and
the Wedfor, that ripens in 0620-
ber.

Mr. Mortimer fays, Pear; are
bei‘t grafted the fame Way as
the Apple, and upon the wild
Pear-flock, raifed from the Kera
nels, for Standards : But if they
be for Dwarfs, or Wall-trees,
the Quince-Stock is looked upon
the belt: But then they ought
.to be planted in moift Ground.
They will alfo grow if they be
grafted on the white Tbom, but
not ['0 well as if grafted on the
former : You may alfo bud
them on their own Kind; and
if you graft Winter Pears, or
any Sort of later Fruit, on the
earliefi Pears, or the earliefi
Fruit of the Kind, it will ve—
ry much forward and help them.
You may graft them when the
Bloifoms are on. Pears will
profpcr in cold, hungry, ftony
and gravelly Land, where Ap-
ple: will not bear f0 well.

All Perfons who are curious
in Fruit ihould always be pro-
vided With a Number of Free
Stocks to fupply their Plantations.
This Nurfery lhould be raifed
from Kernels; for the Suckers
which are taken from the Roots
of Trees are good for no-
thing.

When you graft a young or
old Tree, the Fruit of which

was not agreeablefgraft it up-
on

 

5

P E
you every Arm or Branch, as
2 equally as you can; for if fome
of them be left ungrafted,_ they
' will draw away the greateli Part
3 of the Sap, and rob the Grafts,
1 ( i. e. fueh as are grafted in
3 the Clift.) Budding and inocu-
ilaring does not harm a Tree
3 at all; but a Bud will {hoot
: and thrive, as well as any other
Part of a Tree.

Thofe Pears, that have a Buree
~ or melting Fleih, fhould be graft-
i ed upon chim‘e Stocks; but you

ought feldom, or never, to ufe
a Quince Stock for the dry F leih
Pears ; for that the Juice of the
Quince being harfh , dry and
rough, will add to the Drynefs
of thofe Fruits, Which are graft~
ed upon it; whereas the Dry-
nefs, which the melting Pear:
will take from the Quince Stocks,
will help the Fruit as to keep-
ing ; for that all Fruits, that are
grafted, are more or lefs influen-
ced by the Juice of the Stocks
they are grafted on.

The Portugal Quince, he fays,
is better than any other Kind;
it has a fair tender Fruit, that in
a good Year may be eaten raw;
the Sap is ftrong, and the Grafts
which are upon it bring large
Fruit.

If you have a Tree that is
a good bearer, but runs ('0
much to Bloffom, that the Shoots
and Fruits are final], if you take
a few Buds from the bearing
Shoots of it, and inoculate them
upon large vigorous Shoots of
fome Other Pear-Tree, thefe Buds
will bear the fecond Year, and
produce very large Fruit, having
plenty of Sap to nourifh it; Or

 

P E
if the Buds of the let's bearing
Kinds be put upon good Bear‘-
ers, the Nature of the bearin'
Tree will far over-rule tho e
Buds, that the will produce a
Abundance of wit: But in do;
ing this it will be proper to af-
fort the Fruits, as not either to
bud or graft a Winter Pear up-
on a Summer Pear; beeaufe the
Sap of the Summer Pear-tree
will decline before the Winter
Fruit can arrive at its full Growth,
but flammn Pears fhould be ino-
culated on Atltumn Pears, and
Summer Pears on Summer Pears,
and fo on. V
But tho’ inoculating old Tree's
may lafi for a few Years, yet
young Trees ought to be inter»
planted early that they may be
in a Forwardnefs for bearing
when the old ones decay.
Moni‘. Gentil advifes , that,
When you make ufe of Boughs
of Peantrees, yOu lhould cut
the Grafts from thofe that grow
{trait up, and not from thofe
that are on the Sides, or that
hang down, becaufe they will
have the fame Situation that they
had on the Tree, from WhenCe
they were taken. If the Bough
you cut off for your Graft be
firait, or one that grows up-
right, the Shoot of each Scut-
cheon , which you raife from
that Bough Will alfo be firait;
whereas on the contrary if the
Shoot ofaa Seutcheon is taken
from a Bough that hung down,
or grew on one Side, it Will
hang down, or grow on one
Side: But if you can have no
other but fuch, then you ihould
drive a Stick at the Foot of the
L 3 Stock

n P E .

Stock to fuppe/rt ”the Shoot of
_ the Graft, and then in time it
will becOme firait. '

Grafts ought to be taken from

, tees that are well laden, and
from a Fruit Branch, or at leafl,
the Tree ought to be a vigorous
One, and by no Means one that
is in a decaying Condition. See
Grafting. -

0f planting. ] Pear-tree: love
to be planted fhallow, efpecially
where the Bottoms are gravelly
or l‘tony; and on fuch Lands
you ihould plant upon the Sur-
face, that the Roots may fpread.
When the Heats are great, you
may lay Fern or Straw over
the Roots, and that will very
much aflifi the Tree in ihooting.
The downright Roots of the
Trees are to be firortened, that
thofe Roots, which are left,
may rather fpread, than {hoot
downwards. If it be a young
Tree, the Tap Root may be left
longer, than if it were five or fix
Years old.

He direé‘ts, that when you
plant either a Free-Stock, nince-
Stock, or other Wilding, to be
grafted the next Year, to do it
with as much Care as if it were
the fineft Fruit. This is the
Foundation of the Work; and
when it has not been duly re-
garded the Whole Defign has
fuffered.

When a Tree is to be tranf-
planted, fet that Side to the Sour/J
that flood to it before, and.
fhelter the Wound, which has
been made by grafting, from
the Violence of the Sun.

When you plant Trees either
50: .Standards,‘ Dwarfs, or Ef-

PE

paliers,‘_ take, Care not to in-
jure the Roots, in taking them
up, and cut the Ends of the
Roots very fmooth, and let none
of the fmall Fibres remain, for

for them as large as you can.

The Time of planting] In
moil’t and watery Places the
bell time of planting is in
the Spring, or elfe the Roots
will be chill’d and perith by
the Water lying about them all
the Winter : But in a dry fan-
dy Ground Autumn is the proper
Time.

In moifi Grounds, it is very
ferviceable to open the Holes for
the Trees the Beginning of the
H’inter, and to let them lie open

the Trees in them; and by this

Frofis, and be prepar’d for Plant-
ing in the Spring. The Begin-
ning of .Norember is a good Time
to plant Trees, in a light, fandy
Soil, that is not fubjefi to In-
undation ; and then before the
Frofis begin, they will gain F i-
bres enough to fupport them,
and the nexr Spring they will (boot
out with reafonable Strength, and
much more freely than thofe that
are planted in the Spring.

All Trees grafted upon Quince-
flockr {hould be planted in firong,
wet Grounds ; and thofe upon
Free-flock: in light, dry Grounds.
If you find that Pear: upon
Quince-flock do not thrive in the
Place Where they have been
planted, change them for Eteea

 

flock: 5 and if you find that there
. grow

they are apt to rot, and infeét ~
the Roots; and make the Holes ,

,4 u 41‘ . um»; mug.“

till the Spring, before you plant ~

Means the Soil that came out of
them, will be mellow’d by the

 

P E

grow yellow there, try how Ap-
51916.! will do in their Places.
:3 And if you find you do not then
:hit upon the Humour of the
ESoil, try other Sorts of Fruit
Jupon it, till you find fome that
rwill thrive in it. For if the Soil
sand Tree do not agree, all your
l Planting arid Pruning will be to
: no Purpofe.

When you perceive a Tree
ilook yellow, don’t take upon
: you extraordinary Trouble in its
FCulture, but pluck it up; for
' tho’ you may by good Manage-
ment keep it alive for two or
three Years, it will be fit for
little; therefore it is better to
pull it up, and plant a better in
its Place.

But if this fickly Tree be of
any fcarce and rare Kind, then
you may try to preferve it, by
laying Mud about the Roots,
which has been well turn’d and
air’d, till it become good Mould,
and probably it may recover its
Strength : Or elfe you may lay
Hogs Dung to it. That is
good to enliven Roots which
have been too much burnt and
fcorch’d by Horfe Dung.

0f Pruniizg.] If you find
any Branch in the Middle of a
Tree rife too luxuriantly above
the tell, in full fappy. Wood,
cut it off‘ clofe to the Body of
the Tree ; but take Care not to
injure the Bark of the great
Wood you ‘take it from; for
the Wound will bring the
Health of the Tree into Danger;
and it will be a great while
before the wounded Part will
recover, and ['0 be fubjeél; to
canker.

 

PE

The fame Author advil‘es to
prune but once-a Year, tho’ its-"is
the common Praétice to do _o~’-
therwife ; for continual Pruning
caufes a Tree to {hoot into falfe
Wood, and the Buds defig’n’d
for Fruit, to mifcarry. It inter:
rupts the Sap, that it paffes not
freely to fuch Buds, by diverting
it to fupport the wounded‘Parts
of the Tree; and fo the Benefit
which would arife from prepa-
ring the Buds for Bloffoms will
be loll, which otherwife might
have born Fruit the next Year.

It is becaufe the Root has
fill’d itfelf with Juices propor-
tional to the Nourilhment, that
the [landing Branches require,
that Trees lhoot more in Wood
when they have been prun’d
largely, than they did before:
But when there are a great many
of them cut away, the fame
Fund of radical Juice will go
to the Nourifhment of thofe
Buds that have been left.

As for thofe Trees that are in
good Order, they ought not to
be prun’d too clofe; nor mull
too much Wood on the Infide
be taken away, as many Perfons
do, and To leave a Dwarf quite
naked. But yet you mull allow
Air between the Shoots which
come from the Middle, in pro-
per Places, that the Sun may
come at the Fruit to ripen them.
And the Shoots of a Dwarf-
Tree may be allow’d more Air
in a firong, Wet Ground, than
in a light, fandy Ground; the
natural Warmth of which gives
the Fruits that Tafie and Colour,
which if they were in a Wet,

L 3 cold

PE

told Ground, they would not

have, but be infipid.

You {hould leave the Shoots
of Water Fruits at a greater
Difiance afunder, than Summer
Fruits; for the Summer Fruits
do not want the Sun to much as
the [Water Fruits do, and there—
fore you may leave them pretty
full of Wood.

As for thofe Trees that have
made but weak Shoots, you
{hould prune them betimes ; to
be fure not later than yanuary ;
becaufe Pruning draws the Sap :
But vigorous Trees fhould be
prun’d later in the Year, in April
or Illa/v; and this will make
them produce 1er Wood and
more Fruit.

The Strength of Trees ought
to be confider’d before they are
prun’d; and they {hould be cut
into Shape according to that
Proportion, both for their Shape
and producing good Fruit.

Some People imagine weak
Trees ought to be prun’d in
the. Increafe of the Moon, in
order to caufe them to give
flronger Wood ; and that firong
Trees fhonld be cut when the
Moon is in the Decreztfc, to
caufe them to produce lets Wood
and more Fruit.

\Vhereas fome Trees are more
apt to {hoot into \Vood-Branches
than fotne others are ; fueh
firong fliooting Trees mufi be
prun’d, to as to leave‘the Shoots
long; and you fhould let their
Shoots remain longer or ihorter
according to their Strength : But
you ought to i’horten thol‘e Shoots
which have any great Quantity

of BlofibrnoBuds upon them,

 

. P E
that the Buds which are left,
may nourifh the Fruit the better,
and that the Tree may make
good Wood.

For the firfi or fccond Year a
Tree is planted, it {hould be
prun’d very .lhort, to caufe it to
fllOOt or fling into Wood : And
if it does not come into a bear-
ing Way the fucceeding Years,
but keeps on [till to {hoot itrong
and unprofitable Branches; then
if they are prun’d at all, you
ought to leave every Shoot very
long, or rather not prune at all.
This is common with the Raufle-
let, the Bergumot, and the Vir-
gozzlczzfe. If this be done, the
Tree will certainly for to Bear-
ing, and the Sap will not be
fpent to no Purpofe. But when
the long Branches are knotted
with blofTOIniiig Buds, a great
many of them may be broken off,
according as the Branches are in
Strength.

There is no Pear that Will-

bear Pruning ['0 lhort as the Box
Cbrétieiz; for then it Will pro--
ducc large VVood_, and upon
large Wood Fruit may be ex;
peéted.

In Pruning, Regard Ought to
be had to the Soil and Climate :
If the Soil be light and fandy,
there Fruit is generally good,
(tho’ it is finaller) than in a
wet or cold Soil; then they
ought to be but very little prun’d,
for the Wounds made by Pru-
ning thofe Trees that are planted
in very hot and dry Land, will
not ['0 eafily recover; and in the
drieft Lands Pear-Tree; perifh
intirely by being over- prun’d.
In a wet and cold Soil, the Fruit

- : 15

~ 1
l

v .1 mfigvexnu‘mu. .,

P E

:is not ['0 good, nor (‘0 well co-
.2lour’d ; and of Confequence
fWi“ not be to well flavour’d:
lTherefore the Shoots of fuch a
[Tree mutt be :prun‘d free and
(open, that the Sun’s Rays may
cpafs freely between them.

Dwarf-Trees are to be prun’d
Ffo as not to leave any Branches
._ or Shoots too near the Ground ;

‘ for the Fruit that lhall grow up~
:on them, will have but little
'Tafie, and will quickly rot. The
2Shoots and Branches of Dwarf-

Trees {hould be proportioned on

every Side as equal as may be,
.- that the Trees may not be over-
: fet, nor the Roots Ilrain’d by the
’ Wind.

Mr. Laurence fays, no Tree
requires the exact and careful
Obfervation that he has laid
down, f0 much as the Fear-Tree :
( See thofe Rules under the Ar—
ticles Barrennefr, flpriwcb‘, Pru-
ning, 8:) For in free and rich
Soils, it is apt to be unruly and
ungovernable, and runs altoge-
ther into Wood and luxuriant
Branches. .

Tho’ it is commonly too lof-
ty for a Wall, yet for the No-
blenefs of fome Kinds of Fruit
it produces againft. a Wall, it
will be worth while to humble
it, and keep it in Order.

To do which, (befides what
Dircélions of his that are to be
found under the aforefaid Arti-
cles) it is his Praétice to plafh
the moft vigorous Branches of
Pear-Tram, cutting them more
than half through near the Place
from whence they (hoot; the
doing of which does efi‘eétually

 

check its Vigour, and f0 renders

P E
it more difpos’d to make weaker
Shoots, and to form bearing
Buds. ‘

This Method of Plafhiug, he
recommends as very ufeful as to
avoiding Barrennefs, when there
is an awkward Branch, which
you would make Ufe of to fill
a Vacancy; for by this Means
it may be reduc’d to what Order
you pleafe, to as both to anfwer
your Defign, and to produce
Fruit.

The Summer Pruning of Pear-
Treer, he fays, begins in May,
by cutting oil“ the Shoots of this
Year that come forward, to half
an Inch ; and taking out intirely
the reft in the Middle, where
they crowd one another: But
if there be Room, they may be.
left at the Entrances, or let alone
till ”7271!”.

He direéts, That all perpen-
dicular Shoots in the Middle of
Dwarfs be reduc’d to the Length
of half an Inch, that they may
put forth weaker and bearing
Branches. ,

As to Grafting the Pear upon
a mace—flock, he allows, that it
does etfeétually cure too great
Luxuriance in Growth, and may
(for a Time) anfwer the Defign
of making them bear quickly;
and ('0 may be worth the while
of thofe who have a great deal
of Room, to have fuch: But
they neither make fuch handfome
regular Trees, nor bear fuch
fair, large Fruit, nor are ['0 long
liv’d ,as thofe that are grafted on
a Pear-flock.

As to the Diftinguifhing' the
éearing Bud: of a Pear-Tree, he .
fays, this you may do .eafily in

L 4. lVo-vem—

P E '
Noveméer, as foon as the Leaves
are off, for that they are, much
fuller and more fwell’d than
the Others are. Thefe you 'mufi
take Care not to cut off when
you prune. You mufi take away
all falfe Wood, Which fome’ call
Water-Shoots; thefe are difiin-
guiihable in that they have their
Eyes at a much greater Difiance
than ordinary One from the o-
ther.
The Bon Chaim-pear: require
more Room to fpread and ex-
tend themfelves againfi a Wall
than any other; and therefore
they ought to have both Elbow-
Room and Height enough, if
.you expeét them to bear. If
they are confin’d by ihort Pru-
ning, they will grow knotty,
and full ofW'ood without Fruit.
And he has feen Summer Bar;
Chrétim -Pt_’arr bear Plenty of
noble, large Fruit, between twen—
ty and thirty Foot high.

0f T/yimziizg TreeL] When a
Tree is fet full of Fruit, if you
would rather have fair Fruit than
a great Quantity,cut off the weak-
liefi and molt fickly about the
Middle of their Stalks with a
Pair of ch'flhrr. And if a Tree
tends to {hoot abundance of falfe
Wood, when it is in its firil and
fecond Sap, then pinch off the
falfe Wood While it is tender ;
but do not cut it while [the Sap
is flowing; for cutting the Tree
will caufe it to run into Wood,
and the Blofi‘om—Buds to mif—
carry, which ‘the fecond Sap
would fill. T hefe Bloflom-Buds,
here meant, are form"d by the
firfi Sap, between the'Months
of April and 3:11.43, and between

. 1’ E

july and Oé'r'ober,.are fill’d by
the fecond Sap, for Opening and
Bearing the nexter.

He advifes, to begin to top
and pinch of? the too vigorous
and ufelefs Buds of Trees in
May, efpecially thofe that are in
Efpaliers, or againf’t Walls ; and
by this Means the ufeful Shoots
will be the better nouriihed.

0f Gathering the Fruit. J Our
Practice in this ought to be di-
reéted according to the Degree
of Heat or Cold of the Climate
we live in. In hot Countries
Fruit ought to be gather’d fooner
than in cold Countries, becaufe
the Sap has perforrn’d its \Vork
fooner. In cold Climates the
Sip is longer in performing its
Work : Therefore the Fruit
Inuit hang longer on the Tree
to ripen; and it will alfo keep
longer. He takes this for a Rule,
that the longer Fruit is drawing
the Sap, the longer it will lafi.

0f propagatiflg PearL] Mr.
Bradley fays, That Pear-Tree:
fhould’ be grafted in Marclv, or
inoculated about the latter End
of yum ; and either ,upon 11/27:!-
iflgr or Kernel—Stockr. And alfo
that fuch, as are taken from about
the Roots of old Trees and
planted in Nurferies, oftentimes
are good for Standard-Pears;
becaufe they put the Graft 0r
Bud forward, and tend to make
large Trees. "

AS for Qm'me -floc,{'r, he re-
commends them for Dwarfs,
low Walls or Efpaliers; becaufe
it is the Nature of them to con-
fine the Growth of the Graft or

 

Bud; and f0 do not only pro-
duce Fruit fpeedily, but alfo
near the Ground. T/ae

, “an: w

. ”me-jam. , “x , smear-WW; "7 '

PE

The Soil.) Pear-Tree: delight
“anoflly in a wet Earth, inclining
:to Clay, and fome have profi-
~ipered very well in the, (irongefi
‘lZSort of blue Clay, which is ac-
mounted the word of Soils. If
(one of thcfe fort of Trees feems
fin a decaying Condition, lay
TCarrion or Blood at the Root ;
ifor thofe Things have a wonder-
iful Efl‘eét upon all Sorts of Ve-
getables: So alfo will Bits of
Leather, Shavings of Horn,
’L‘Vool, or the Entrails of F owls,
tor the like Parts of living Crea—
itures (being laid to their Roots)
:have the like Efi‘eét upon molt
-.Vegetables.

fix to pruning] Pear—Tree:
stake no Pleafure in the Knife;
:efpecially thofe that have been
"grafted on Qm'me-florl'r. But if
“it be necefl‘ary to cut of? any
'large Branch, the Wound lhould
,be cover’d with a Compofition
of Tar, Rofin and Pitch, as foon
,as the Branch is cut oil”; other-
rwil‘e the Wound will be apt to
idiflemper the Tree.

Ax to Dwarf-padre] Mr. Brad-
.161; does not much approve of
'Dzuaszear-‘Treer in a Garden,
beeaufe they take up too much
iRoom, and are too much con-
fin’d by their Figure to produce
a good Quantity of Fruit; for
it is fcarce poflible to have both
together in Perfeé‘tion. He gives
an Infiance of a fine Seat, where
the Gardens did abound with
Dwarf Pear-Treat, WhiCh tho’
ithey were tolerably well prun’d,
mever bore any Quantity of Fruit
itill they were laid into Ejjmlierr,
:and afterwards bore very plenti-
Ifully every Summer. '

 

P E .

0f Wall Pear - Trees. ] He
advifeS to plant W all Pear-Tree:
f0 that they may be fecure from
the Eafl; for altho’ the Perm~
in their Kind lhould be both
good and hardy, yet the Eafiern
Blalis of the Spring will make
their Rinds thick, and fill the
Fruit with [tony Knots.

Pear: in Efpalien] Efivalier:
of Pear-Tree: fhould be about
fix Foot high, that there may be,
Room enough to lay the Fruit-
bearing Branches into them. He
recommends, as molt proper for
Ejfalierr, the Summer-pearl, that
is, fuch whofe Fruits ripen upon
the Trees ;' becaufe they are more
apt to bear near their Root than
H/iflter—pearx are, which if they
ever do, is but feldom; and
therefore it will be very impro—
per to plant the ‘Bon Cbrétz'm,
and Other - like laliing Fruits,
either in Hedges or againfl Walls,
if they are not three or four
Yards high.

Gathering] That Fruit, which
does not ripen upon the Trees,
ought not to be gather’d before
.Micbaelmaf}, and then only in a
dry Day. They ought to be laid
(taking Care not to bruife them)
fingly upon Shelves, covered
with dry Mofs if it may be had,
or elfe Wheat—Straw; and they
fhould be allow’d Air, by open-
ing the Windows of the Room
till the F rofis come.

You may preferve choice
Pear: that ripen late in the Year,
by Hanging them up by the
Stalks to the Cieling of aRoom,
and you may alfo wrap them in'

Paper. .
What

PE

What Pear: foever are grafted
upon Quince -floc,ér come for-
warder, and ripen much fooner,
than thol‘e which are grafted up-
on Free-flower.

Mr. Heron acquaints Mr.
Bradley with an Improvement
in managing Dwarf Pear-Treat,
by Training them circular Ways,
after the manner of a Screw, ['0
that a Tree forty Foot long ihall
not rife above the Height of five
Foot. The Method is, to carry
the Tree round a Frame of finall
Poles fet into the Ground nar—.
rower at the Bottom and floping
outwards, f0 as to be wider at
the Top, in the Shape of a Bell;
and as the Tree advances in
Growth, to tie it gently to the
Frame, with woollen Yarn, and
f0 to rail‘e it a little as it winds
about, and by that Means it will
not want Pruning. This Way
of Training, he fays, confumes
the Sap, and makes them very
produétive; and when the Frame
is decay’d, the Tree will keep
in its Station, and look very
well. He directs, to pinch ofl‘
the Shoots at their firfl Begin—
ning, if any offer to fpring up
from any of the Side—Branches
in the Summer. And in the Spring
when a froity Night may be ex—
pected, he advifcs, to make a
plain Frame upon a large Hoop,
and to cover it over with Canvas
or pitch’d Cloth, and To to cover
the whole Tree, which will pre—
ferve the iiourifhing Buds, and
their Knitting ’till the Danger is
over; and will alfo keep them
from cold Rains and ‘Ninds in
the Spring of the Year.

 

P E

Mr. Bradley tells us, That
Mr. Fairc/ai/a' had rcmov’d a large
Bore C/arétim Pear-Tree in Silt/y,
with all the Fruit upon it; and
it was the next Year in very good
Health, and blofl'om’d as fair as
other Trees; and that he only
took from it a few Branches
which would not lie againlt the
Wall.

Mr. C/aapmrm, a Nurfery—man
near [{0xt077, has a Pear-Tree
that bears Fruit twice a Year;

'and never fails in the worlt of

Years to ripen two Crops of
good Fruit, Which have no other
Difference than the Time of
their Ripening, except the Fruit
of the fecond Crop may be
fomething fmaller than that of
the firlt. .

Mr. Bradley informs us, That
the Owner prefented him with a
Branch of that Pear-Tree, upon
which there were feveral of the
firi‘t Fruit almoft full grown,
and feveral of the fecond Crop
that wercjuft then fer; and that
thefe both were upon one tingle
Shoot, which grew from Buds
that were plac’d alternately upon
the Shoot: And that they were
not diilinét Shoots that bore on-
ly Fruit of one Crop, nor iingle
Shoots which produe’d only
thofe of the other Crop; but
thefe Kinds of Shoots were in
every Part of the Tree ; for elfe
it would not be any more than
what is commonly done by
Grafting; by which feparate
Branches upon the fame Tree
maybe made to produce diffe-
rent Fruit, ripening at difiererit
Seal‘ons.

He

PE

He adds, That he was in-
form’d by the Owner, that he
propagates this Tree by Grafting;
and that thofe he has grafted
from it, are in all Refpeéts like
it.

He adds, That tho’ there are
Infiances of fome Trees which
naturally bear Fruit: twice, and
now and then three Times a

 

Year, as the fig, the Gla/Ienbury—
7 140m, and the Vine ; yet it is a
yery rare Thing if the Fruit of
both thefe Seafons ripens in En-
gland, becaufe that depends upon
the Seafon being very favourable.
However, their attempting to
bear Fruit twice in a Year, he
thinks is an Indication, that their
native Place lies between the
Tropicks, where there are annu-
ally two Seafons, which equally
do the Office of Summer; and
therefore it is natural for Plants
of fuch Climates both to b‘lof-
font, and to produce Fruit at
both thofi: Seafons.

He has made this Obfervation,
That whatfoever Place all Sorts
of Trees and Plants come from,
they retain their own natural
Seafons of Growth, let the Di-
flance of their own native Cli-
mate and ours be what it will :
And this they attempt to do,
altho’ (unlefs they be hous’d)
they often fuffer in it.

He alfo fuppofes that thofe
Plants, which feem naturally to
bear twice a Year, are cempos’d
of Velfels which are of difi'erent
Kinds, and confequently do con-
tain different Kinds of Juices;
that the one Sort takes a longer
or fhorter Time to digefl the
Juices than the other does 5 and

P E

therefore this Double-bearing in
different Seafons may be brought
about. The Juices of thofe Vef—
fels which lead to thofc Buds
that bloffom in the Spring of the
Year, are at that Time ripen’d
Iufliciently to compleat the Blof-
[oms ; but that thofe Veffels
which lead to the Buds that open
their Bloiforns in july, are at
that Time (when the other are
fufliciently ripe ) crude and um-
ripe, and fiand in Need of fome
Months more to ripen them for
producing Fruit.

As to the Propagation of this
Double-bearing Tree by Graft—
ing, he obferves, That a Graft
has three or four Buds to it, and
['0 may contain all the Qualities
in it that are in the old Tree;
or if there were but one Bud of
it to (hoot, it is probable that the
Veffels of a different Sort, that
mutt be in the Wood of the
Graft, may in Time find Means
to thew their Difpofition; for
that every Veffel, that is in a
Plant, has forne Correfpondence
with the refl. Yet he queftions,
whether if a fingle Bud of this
Tree were inoculated on a Stock,
it would afford any more Veffels
and Juices, than fuch as are ne-
ceffary to produce Blofl'oms of
one Seafon, without ever at-
tempting to bloffom in another.

But if, by making the Experi-
ment, it ihould be found, that
one Inoculation will blofi'om in
flpril, and another in 3211}, i:
will difcover a great Myftery
in the Nature of Plants.

He fays, That there is a Pear-
Tree in Norfolk, which bears dif—

 

f‘Crent Kinds of Pet/71", the one
a

P E
a Mater-pear, and the other a
Summer —pear, both Sorts upon
one Twig; and proceeding from
the fame Bud ; and fome of the
Pear: partake both of the [Water
and Summer Kind.
He alfo gives us a Relation of
a Pear-Tree in Moorfieldr, that
fianding in a Place which, feem’d
to have been a Garden, fome

Houfes being building near it,

the Lime was brought and laid
to be flack’d near the Tree, at
the Time that it Was full in
Bloiiom, in April, and promifing
good Fruit ; but it did not pro-
duce any Fruit that Summer, but
loft its Leaves fooner than other
Trees. That this Slacking the
Lime was repeated three or four
Times a Week, and fometimes
touch’d the Stem, and reach’d
five Foot high. This was conv
tinned till Ange/f, at the End of
which, a frefh Set of Bloffoms
began to open, and were as fair
and as promifing of Fruit, as
commonly is feen in April; and
that Side of the Tree that moft
Lime had been flack’d on, had
in Offobe'r ( that Year he wrote
his Monthly Treatiie for ()JZober)
the grea-teii Share of‘Blofforns.

He recommends the follow—
ing Pear; as very good, and de-
ferving to be propagated and
cultivated :

The little Mufmt, which is
the firit ripe; the Carlirerim-perzr,
the it"z'rzdjir, the Cm'fle Madam,
the Summer Bow C/arérim, and
Summer Berg/twat, the Ormge-
Bergamot; the fith Bursa (/22 Roy,
which is exceeding good, the
Bw‘gzzmoz‘, the (31773512171, the Grey-
Bury, the LeliZOfl-Pezll‘, the [Hef-

 

"l
P E %
fire-yew, the Left/Mfleries, the
green Sugar - pear, the ”grater
Thom-pear, and the Virgolezzfe ;\
and, the H/illizzm-pears, fome of
which will continue Part of De-
cember, at which Time alfo the
St. Germain and Martinjec-pear:
alfo begin to ripen, and will laft
good till the yam/try following,
and then their Place is fupply’d
by the Bar; C brétiem. Thefc are
Eating-pears; as for the Baking-
pearr, he efieems the ll/ardem, _
the Black—pear of ”force/fer, and
the Spanifla Ban C I'ardtien.

He likewife informs us, that
having accidentally, after he had
gathered his lf’iizter- pearr, laid
fome, of two or three Sorts, of
them upon the Pavement, in his
Confervatory, or Stove, (they
were the [I 'im‘er B071 C/Jrétien,
the black Pears of ll’hrcefl‘er, and
the L’Epirzc d’ Hje'er) there hav-
ing been fome sand laid on, the
Pavement, that there had been
feveral Fires made under the
Floor, and by that time they had
lain about two Months, he per-
ceived the Pears to fend out a
very agreeable Odour, and cut-
ing one, found it as good as any
he had ever eaten abroad, rich
in its Flavour, and melting, ha—
ving in it the Excellence of a
well ripened thrce dz; Roy, he
then try’d the reFt, and found
them all ready for eating; and
the Week following the L’E-
pine u’e IIyt-cr was alfo ripe,
and very good, and his black
Pears of H’brce/ier began to rot;
and that he was alarm’d at the
Initance, that a Pear that he had
feldom found ripe before ~3‘a- ‘
marry or Ebrzmry, fliould .be

ripe

PE

ripe more than two Months be-
fore its Time, till confidering
that as Nature ripens Fruit by
gentle Degrees, fo the Pears had
been brought to this natural Per-
feétion by a gentle Progreflion,
or continued Warmth.

The Culture of ”/41! Pear-
Tree:, ] Mr. Collin: difapproves
of planting -Wal1 Pear-tree:
.1 with flpricorkr, lem, {5%. be-
eaufe their GrOWth will be une-
qual.

As to the planting Pear-treat,
S that {hould be as Apricocb Peat/1e;
; and Neflarimr; and he is of
Opinion, that Trees fet at fix
:- or feven Inches deep, will gene—
rally grow, if the Roots are
lhortened, and planted early in
the Winter Seafon.‘

As for the Winter pruning
‘v of y’all Pear-treaty, he direéts
tto cut otl‘all the Shoots ofe-
very Branch, for the firfi fix or
: feven Years, but to leave them the

Thicknefs of a Crown Piece,
(from the [trait Line; that du-
:ring this Time, all the Lines
; Will be thick with bearing Buds,
-. but will in a lhort time after be-
, come naked towards the Root :
lBut in order to remedy this,
' there may at this time be Shoots

left, which neverthelefs mull be
cut off clofe to the Tree, if
they do not come directly for-
, Ward ; and thcfe that do are to
be cut ofl" at three Inches Dif-
tance from the Tree.

The next Year feveral more
iShoots will put out. If thefe
;be cut off to two ”Inches, in
l Length, the Knots will be firft
:formed; and if any thing {hall
.a moot out atthe Side, or Bot—

VIVA—qvwww—o

. u

- 4

Wu

HH'H w

 

PE

tom of thefe Knots ; after this
they fhould be taken off‘ clofe,
to that there will be I‘mooth
Necks of three or four Inches
from the Tree to the Knots.

Thefe Knors are to be con-
tinued on each Line, as it be-
gins to be naked, and at five
or fix Inches Difiance, if it
may be.

Wall Pear-tree: managed af—
ter this Manner will, if plant-
ed againfi an high Wall, in
twenty Years grow fine and
regular, up to the top of the
Wall, and fifty Foot in Length,
and will confiantly bear all over
for forty Years or more.

Tho’ the Wood is of an har-
dy Nature, and to their Knots
will not fail; to prevent Mi-
fiakes in‘ pruning them, he gives
the following Direétions.

I. That the Shoots which
form the Knot do ‘never crofs
one another ; to prevent which
they are to be cut out,

2. They mnfl not be allow-
ed to [land within five Inches
of one another; and when, in
time the Knots {hall grow lar-
ger, you mull take away every
fecond. -

3. If they grow againfi a Soar/a,
Eafi or ”41% Wall, when they
are pruned you mull keep them
['0 fhort, as never to let them
be above fix Inches from- the
Body of the Tree. And if they
grow againll a Nort/a Wall, they
mull not be permitted to be a-
above nine Inches: Having this
Length allowed them, they Will
be fomething more expofed to
the Sun.

4. You

P E .

4. You mufl: not at any time
'cut them off clofe to the Bot-
tom of the Knot, except they
are too thick, and then you mutt
leave them about an Inch, be-
caufe you will fee little Wrin-
kles about the Bottom, and the
bearing Wood puts out at thefe
Places.

5. You mutt top that Shoot
which bore the Year preceeding,
from which you perceived the
Stalk of the Pear plucked off ;
becaufe it is common for a Bud
to put forth behind the Fruit of
the lait Year, and this Bud will
bear the next Sealbn.

6. You mutt not fuffer any
Stumps to remain on the Trees,
which, having been left in prun-
ing,_ beCome dead and hard.

759 Summer framing] He
directs, in the Summer pru—
ning Of Wall Pear—trees, to
take out at the Bottom of their
Knots, all over the Tree, the
rough, firongefl Shoots, nay, e-
ven all Shoors, except fuch as
are defigned for Knots, and to
cut them even with the Face of
the Tree. ' Alfo to nail up fuch
Shoots as grow from the ex-
tream Parts of the Branches,
left they break off; and alfo to
prune off the ref’t of the Tree
fo far from the Wall, as the
Face of the Tree Was left at
the Winter pruning ; and thofe,
where the Knots and Fruit come
thick, are to be fhortened, to
give Light to the Fruit. The
time for Summer pruning is a-
bout a fortnight before Mid-
fummer.

W'here Pear-tree: are grown
to a confiderable Length, and

 

P E

do not bear well, he does not
approve of _pegging their Bo-
dies,» nor that Method, he calls
the barbarous and filly Way of
cutting their Branches halfway
through, or more; but inttead
thereof he recommends the lay—
ing open their Roots, fo as to
come at the downright Root,
and to cut only that to near the
Top of the Ground, . as may be.
This, he fays, is an excellent
Expedient, and will fully an-
fwer the End.

And whereas the training Pear-
trees, f0 as he has directed, to as
to make that Figure f0 prodi-
gioufly fine, will require a con-
fiderablc time; he therefore ad-
vifes, While it is growing to it,
to plant Clmrrier,1\7cé?urine5, Pea—
(lac: or Plum: between, f0 as
to furniih the Walls, which, as
the Pcar~tree comes on, may be
cut away.

. To train Pear—tree; in HedgeL]
They are to be planer after the
fame Manner as Wall—trees, at
about twentyfour Foot Dif-
tance, and if their tingle Bran-
ches be laid regularly from the
Bottom to the Top, they Will‘
meet and fill each Tree to twelve
or fourteen Foot high, within
the Space of twenty Years.

As thefe Trees lhoot forwards,
they are to be taken off clofe to
the Body of the Tree, except they
may be led to the Bottom of
the Tree without projecting too
much: But this mutt not be
done Hedge—Wife. Thefe Shoots
you mutt lay at about fix Inches
from one another, in the Sth6
of a Fan, and tie them with

Withs. '
If

PE

If the Trees do not produce
horizontal Shoots fuflicient to
begin the Figure, within the
two firft Years, that is to fay,
' eight or ten on each Side, you
mull cut them down, and leaVe
on every Branch only twelve
. Inches of the firfi Year’s Shoots.

As to their Management af-
z terwards, thefe things are to be
i obferved.

That the Tree being laid at
’ fix Inches wide, and limit Shoots,
l beginning at about :1 Foot from
i the Ground, You muft never
: flop them at their Ends, or ever
’ remove them. .

And Care mull be taken, that
: the ties do not pinch them.

If it ihould, by any Accident,
l happen that thefe Trees lhOuld
rnot at firfl come to an equal
iLengrh, in the Middle, with
ithat of each Side, there is no
T Oceafion to be uneafy, becaufe
the Middle of the Tree Will al-
ways be furnifhed with more
‘. Sap from the Root, being more
in a direél Line, and ['0 will ne-
rver fail to produce a fufiicient
iNumber of Branches, for mak-
ing up the Head: 80 that it will
' rife r0 thirteen or fourteen Foot
high, before the Side Branches,
. which lie level in a Line, {hall
. grow to the Length of ten
Foot.

The only Difference between
the pruning of thefe Trees, and
thofc on Walls is, that the
“Knots mutt project on both
'Sides the Hedge.

The Culture of thefe Trees
rmay be perform’d with Eafe and
Pleafure, in as much as their
'Knots‘ are feldom known to

v- w. u m wefi

 

PE

fail, and fo the Shoots will not
be injured by the Weather. .

You may, if you plcafe, in-
termediately plant Standard C/Jer-
rier, or lem, with them,
which will anfwer in bearing,
and may be removed without
any Injury when the Pear-tree:
are near upon joining one to
the other.

18. PEAS.

P E A S, fays Mr. Mortimer,
are of very different Sorts ;
in a llifl“, fertile Ground they
yield a confiderable Crop, but
fown on binding Land, yield but
an uncertain Crop, without fueh
frequent Fallowings’ as other
Grain requires; they alfo de-
flroy Weeds, fit Land for after
Crops, are an Improver, and
not an Impoveriflier of Land. . _
But of fueh Pea: as are fown
in Gardens, the Hotfpur is the
fpeediefi of any in Growth. - If
they are fown in September, and
are defended with Fences of
Reeds from extream Frofls, you
will have ripe Pefcods the May
following. If they are fown in
Feérzmry or Marc/9, they will
fpring earlier than any fown
before Winter ; and being fown
in the Middle of May, they will
come to their full Maturity in
fix Weeks time. But the bell
Way is to fow them f0 as to
have them fucceflively one after
another.

Mr. Bradley fayS, Pea: may
be ['0 fown in feveral Crops, as
to furnifh a Table throughout
the whole Summer.

He

0
-—

' P E

He advifes the {owing of Hot-
]jmr—pea: in Noveméer, or De-
cember, which is foon enough,
becaufe, if fown fooner, they
would‘ be, in Danger of the
Frofts. Thefe’, he fays, ihould
be fown in Drills, the Lines
running from Nort/J to Soar/a,
and each Drill about two. FOOt
Difiance from the other. When
thefe have {hot about fix In-
ches high, they mui‘r be earthed
up on both Sides the Lines, a-
bout four Inches, a little Bank
being rais’d on the Ed]? Sides of
them, to defend them from the
Bla'fis, with which the Eafi
Winds are attended.

He advifes to fow a fecond
Crop of the fame Pea in Februa-
ry, and a third Crop in ‘Mtzrcb.

As for fetting Pear, Mr.
Mortimer fays, they delight in
a warm, light/Soil, If it be rich
the Peas are the fairer, but if it
be lean they are the earlier, and
efpecially when dry, fpend the
better.

The Way of fetting of Pear,
which he moit approves of is
to hough them in, which not
only makes a quick Riddance
of the Work, but covers all
at a certain Depth, and does not
harden nor fadde'n the Ground
as fetting does ; but then he ad-
vii‘es to take Care to few them
without feattering, beeaufe that
will entice the Mice to fearch
after them. And if they be
fown in Autumn, they fhould
be fown thicker than if in the
Spring, becaufe they are to un-
dergo the Hardnefs of the Win-
ter :' And if they are fown too
thick, when the Danger of the

 

PE

Froi'is are over, you may thin ‘

them, tranfplanting them you
take up, watering them foon af-
ter their tranfplanting.

The Sugar-pea, Mr. Morti-
mer advifes to plant in April,
which tho’ its Cods are very
crooked, and ill fhaped, yet
when they are boiled with the

unripe Pear in them, are extra- .

ordinary fweet ; but there is one
Inconveniency that attends thefe

Pear, that is, that their being
('0 very fweet renders them lia~ 1
ble to be devoured by the Birds. ‘
The Pods ofthel'e PeaI, when ‘
they firit begin to appear with the .
Husks andTendrels, afford a pret- i

ty Compofition in a Sallet. Thefe
Pear are ripe about Miclfzzm-
mer.

Mr. Bradley advifes to prepare
fome Ground for fome of the
dwarchaI, clpecially for the'very

Vin-I! “mt v4" ;« .

fhort Kind, the Beginning of fl- ‘,

pril, which, though they feldom ‘

rife higher than half a Foot, or
cover more Ground than fix or
feven Inches fquare, yield near as
many Peas as one of the largeit
Kinds, and will equal the beit
in Tulle: Thefe Pear ihould be
fet in Lines, half a Yard difiant
one from the other, and the

Pew four or five Inches a—part, if

they be defigned for the Ta--
ble.

Befides this fmall Sort there
is another Sort of Dwarf-pea,
that grows about a Foot high,
that is well tailed, and a good
Bearer. This Sort will bear
fowiug thicker than the former,
becaufe their Vines grow more
upright, but their Rows ought to
‘be two Foot a-part. Thefe mg;

I

,_ :w M“ x .7 ' t. «@Wrfii at": ”.t ' '

*4 .

P E .
5 be {own in flpril, May or 3m,
a to have Crops to fucceed one
; another. ‘
Mr. Bradley recommends thefe
[ lafl‘, if you would have Peas in
a the Winter, to be fown in a
.2) gentle hot Bed, the firi’t Week
1 in September, about five Inches
: apart; for that they take up but
’. little Room, and afford a con-
' fiderable Crop, [‘0 that one Bed
2 or" them will yield as many Peas
: as three Beds of the fame Size
ifown with the common Sort
. of Peas.
The large white and green
iHa/lingr, Mr. Mortimer fays,
are tender, and are not to be
:fet till the cold Weather is
t over, and then not very thick,
1? becaufe they both fpread much
'and mount high, and therefore
require the Help of tall Stakes.
As for the Roanci'oal, or Egg-
Pea, which is alfo called the
Dutch Admiral, Mr. Bradley fays,
the right Seafon for fetting
them is the latter End of flpril,
or Beginning of May, and it is
“the moi} rampant of all the
i. Pea-kind, and therefore requires
- more Room ‘ than the others.
'The Method of [owing thcfe in
i Lines about three Inches a-part,
‘ planting two Rows within a
Foot and an half one of ano-
ther, and then leavingr a Space
of two F oor and a half, or three
Foot for an Alley for the Con~
veuience of gat ering them:
lWhen they are about half a Foot
'high, they are to be earthed up
land {tuck up with boughs fix
iFoot high, for them to run up-
.on. between each double. Line
370a!” 1.1- _ . . _

 

PE

of Peas; being thus ordered,
they will bear plentifillly, which
they will nor do if they are fer
too clofe, or are not fiak’d up.

Mr. Mortimer reckons up fe-
veral other Sorts of Pear, as the
Reading, Sandwich, white and
grey tufted, or Rafe-pea of two
Sorts ; grey, H’indfor, great Ma-
ple, great Bowling, great Blne-
peat, Marrow-feat, £956.

He fays, that when the Pea:
are grown about three or four
Inches high, if the Earth be
houghed up againi‘t them on each
Side, and the Land be laid up
in deep F urrows from Eafl to
H74}, and the Peas fet on the
South Side of each Furrow, they
will ripen the fooner by the
Reflection of the Sun, and it
will fecure them much better
in Winter.

Mr. Bradley fays, that they
have a Sort of a Pea in Holland,
which has no Skin Within the
Shell, Which is eaten Shell
and all, like Kidney Beans. It
is a pretty fweet and profitable
Pea; and he deiigns to intro-
duce it.

He fays, that he has been in-
formed from Mr. Dnhoz’: at ”770}:-
ham, that he has gathered Peas,
of the Dwarf Kind, from fix
Pods that had been fown in a
Pot late in Antnmn, Which had
flood expos’d abroad for fome
Time, and only ihelteted in the
Coni'eryatory during the rude
Seafon; that thefe Peas were
trained on Sticks and bore plen-=
tifully ; yielding near half a Pint
at one Gathering, fter they had
been ihell’d. V '

M 19°???

P E
19. 77” EVERLAsrmcePEA.

' HE SE Pea: are to be fown
early in the Spring on digged
Ground, in Rows, and fo hough—
ed in the Intervals between the
Seed; for the Seed is long in
coming up, and afford no Pro-
fit the firfi Year: But though
they require Care and Pains to
preferve them from Weeds, they
Will abundantly make amends
for it the fucceeding Years. They
are Plants eafily propagated, and
thrive exceedingly in good Land.
Their Roots yield yearly great
plenty of excellent Provender
for Horfes.

Some fow them firt‘t on a fmall
Bed, and the next Year remove
them into frelh Ground, and
plant them about twelve or
eighteen Inches afunder that
they may the more eafily be
houghed and weeded,

Mr. Bradley fays, this is a pe-
rennial Plant; is railed from
Seeds fovvn in March, but does
not bloflbni till the fecond Year
after fowing. The Flowers are
of a Peach bloom Colour, and
continue blowing for above two
Months.

He fays, it will hardly bear
tranfplanting, without great Care
to put it immediately into the
Earth, Which is to be done in
[Ware/J, as foon as the Haulm
is withered. It is a Carrot root-
Plant, delights in afandy Soil,
and would be planted either
near a Tree, or fome Hedge,
where‘ it may be fupported ; for
it will grow about eight Foot
high?

 

PE

20. PEDICLE.

DICLE is the Stalk, or
Stem, upon which grows

PE

the Leaf, Fruit or Flower of =

any Plant.

21.PELL1CLE.

EL L [C L Eis a little Skin
or Film.

22.

P

or Sccdr,

PELLITORY of tbe WALL.
ELLITORT ofthe Wall

which ripen in 3'21]

~‘. Mai, in“

is propagated either by Slip: ,

and Augufl ; and altho’ the Leaf ,,
wither in Winter the Roots re— V

main.

2;. PENDANTS.

END/INTS are aSort of

P

Threads in the Middle of Li- 3

lie; and th/ipr.
24. PENDULOUS.‘

E ND UL 0 US Headrof
Flowers, are fuch as hang
downwards.

25. PENNATED.

is mm .

Seeds, fuch as are on the ,.

s

s
a

i
é
i‘

PAEJVN/ITED Leave: are T

fuch as grow direé‘tly one a—
gainfl another, as thofe of 14/73,
H’a/lizztznTrcer, £536.

26. PENNY ROYAL.
E N NT Royal is of three

or four Sorts 5 it is a com-
{1103

P-

P E
mon Plant; it is propagated
: from Slip! planted in March or
. April; profpers belt in a fiifl‘
. Soil, and delights in moifl, lhady
' Places. ‘

:7. PENTAPETALOUS.

PENTAPETALOUS
Flowers are fuch as confifi
. of five Leaves.

28. PEONY.

Variom Kinds, J

THE Peony is a Plant that
is accounted of two Sexes,

. male and female; the male is
fingle, and known by its Leaves
. coming confiantly Whole with-
out any Divifion; its Root be—
ing round and long, and the
Flower of a purplith red.

The female Peanie: fome-
‘ times bear tingle and others
double ; the Leaves of all being
divided on the Edges; the Roots
more tuberous , growing in
r Clods, with many Root Pieces
-faflened to them with fmaller
Strings. -

Of the bell double ones there
are feveral Sorts, as

F irfi, the double purple Peo-
. ny, which is fmaller in all its
Parts than the common red
ones ; the Leaves being of a
a whiter greefi, and thofe of the
Flower of a bright fhining Co—
. lonr.
Secondly, The double Carm-
ttim Peom', WhiCh at the firfl:

P E
never fall of, but Wither on
th Stock.

Thirdly, The double Hark,
or wbz‘te Peony which bears
large Flowers, and is at its firfi
opening tinélured with a light
Blufh; but in a few Days be-
comes perfeét white, and fo
continues long before it decays,
and then withers on the Stalk.
This is accounted the bell Sort.

Fourthly, The double firip’d
Peony, which is fmaller than
the lai’c in all its Parts; the
Flower is of a curious red,
flrip’d with wlaite; it lafis a
long time, and does not flied
its Flower.

Soil. ] It loves 9. Soil fome-
thing fat and moifi, and is mul-
tiplied by the Roots in the fol-
lowing Manner.

Way of multiplying. ] Take up
the Plant, {teep the Root in
Water, and walh ofl“ all the
Earth; then divide the Root
carefully into feveral Parts, make
a pretty large Hole in the Ground,
in the Middle of which raife a
little Sort of Bank; then put
the Peony upon it in fuch a
Manner, that the Knots of the
Root may lie about three Inches
deep, and the lower Part of the
Roots, by the Circumference of
this Bank, may be kept feparate
one from another, becaufe if they
be entangled one in another, they
will be apt to die for want of
Subfiance fufiicient to nouriih
them.

After this fill the Hole with

Jopcning 'is of a bright lhining
'JCamztz'on Colour , but daily
agrows paler till it becomes al-
smell white; the Leaves of it

Earth, and prefs it down upon
the Roots, then water them.
The Time to do this is either in
Oc‘loler or November.
M 2.

 

None

PE

None of thefe Roots will
grow but fuch as have Sprouts,
or Buds, at the End, ar rather
T0 of them, of which Sort
eac Piece thereof will grow.
_ The double ones fome Years
bring Seeds to Perfeélion, which
being fown very thin in Septem-
ber, where they ma‘yiland in
the Ground unreinoved for two
Years, may produce new Va-
rieties.

., All V thefe flower in May, are
hardy, Plants, and endure long
in the Ground Without flirting.
They will not bear to be re-
moved before the third or fourth
Year after they are planted. This
Plant loves the Shade and thrives
bell where it is leal‘t expofcd to
the Sun, and the Flower be-
comes more beautiful full and
continues longer in blofforn.

29. PERDI'FOLS,

E R D [FOL s are fuch
Trees, or, Plants, as lofe
their Leaves in \Vinter, 69%.

30. PERENNIAL.

ER ENNI/iL Plant:
_ p are fuch which fhcd not their
Leaves in the Winter, fuch as
are commonly called Ever-
greens, 0r fuch as will grow
again Without being (own.

51. PERFECT FLOWERS.
R FE C T Ellyn?“ are

P E

fuch as have the finely
- Coloured linall Leaves, called
Peta/(z, with the Sam/rm, Alarm
énd 52?) bu,

PE

32. PERFORATED.

P

ER F0 RATED Leaver X

are fuch Leaves of Plants -’

p, am, ”find

as feem full of little Holes, as .

tho’ they were bored.

33. PERIPLOCA, or PERIDOCA. :

HIS Plant twills it felf
about :1 Pole, like Hops,

and lives over the Winter, and -
yearly puts forth fmall blue

Bloflbms.

It is multiplied by
Layem.

34.PER1WINKLE, CLE-
MATITE, orCLIMBER.

bcfiription.] M

thus dcfcribes

it: It fhoots out Branches like .
Vine-Twigs, pliant and fubjeé]; :3.
to creep on the Ground, if they “,1,
meet not with fomething to fup- 5-":
port them. The Leaves are large, 31:;

and a little indented, growing

ufually five on one Side: At 1

the End of rhefe Branches grows

a rofy Flower, compos’d of four

Well—plac’d Leaves ; in the Mid-
dle of the Flower arifes a Chive,
which in Time becomes 3. Fruit
containing a Seed as fmall as a
Hair, and ending in little P1u~
mages.

ONS. Liger ’

 

 

Vuriom Kinda] There are I;

feveral Sorts of this Plant, fome
bearing white and fome blue
Flowers ; and :1 Sort whol‘e
Leaves are very finely gilded,
which will make a fine Show
under gilded Trees.

11551}! of Incrergflng.] If it be

 

laid in the Earth about March,
lt

P E
r it (hikes Root very eafily ; or if
6 the Cutting: be planted in Sep—
, tember they will do the fame.

Soil. ] It delights in moilt
:3 Ground or Shade; fo that it will
:ggrow in any fhao‘y Place, or un~
tder the Droppings of Trees : Its
lLeaves are always green.

Mr. Bradley fays, That tho’
gthis Plant hardly deferves. the
5 Name of a Shrub; yet its pretty
{Hue Flowers make f0 agreeable
ta Show in the Summer; and
lWhCn it is ty’d up to Stakes, it
:may very well be reckon’d a
‘ Companion for flowering Shrubs,
rand may be planted in Wilder-
i net's-Works, in Pots, to prevent
:the too great Increafe of its
ZSuckers, which will be apt to
gover-run the Ground. ..

Monf. Liger fays, it is a Plant
of no difficult Culture, being in
{no Fear of the Cold, and will
gagree with all Earths; requires
' only a little Watering now and
i then. It may be multiply’d by
{Seed ; but much fooner by
lfplitting its Roan, as the Poet;
lliyacintb.

35. PERSONATI.

[ ERSONATI.Thofe

Flowers lare call’d Perfomzti,
I which refemble the gaping
' Mouths of fome living Crea—
tures.

36. PETALS..
;' P E T A L S, are thofe fine co-
; lour’d Leaves, which com—
; pofe the Flowers of all Plants.

P H
37. PHYLLIREA.\
E Pby'lb'red,

Defiription.] THf 'M f
ays on .

Lager, is a Shrub, which lhoots
forth :1 Stem, divided into feve-
ral Branches, five or fix Foot
high, garnifh’d with foft, oblong
Leaves, ot‘a fine green Colour,
along the Stem oppofite one to
another; at the Top of thefe
Branches, and where the Leaves
join to them, grow monopeta—
lous or fingle-leav’d Flowers, in
the Form of a Bell, indented in-
to four Parts: Out of the Cup
of each Flower rifes a Chive,
fafiened to the Bottom of it like
a Nail, which becomes a round
Fruit, full of round Seed. .

V ariom Kindx] Mr. Bradley
fay/s, the Nurfery-men know
five Sorts of Playllirear, which
they call, the Pldin-pldyllirea, the
blaarlJ’d Kind, the True-phyllirea,
the Date/2 Silver-leazl’d Sort, And
the Gilded Dutch Kind._ ‘

Way of Multipbring. ] Monf.
Liger fays, the fureft and fhortelt
W ay to multiply Pbyllirem, is
to few them; and that is come
monly done in Septeméer or 0620-;
écr; and the Seed being hard
like a little Stone, mull firl’r be
{leep’d in \Vater for twenty four
Hours.

The firf’r or molt common
Sort of‘ thefe may be multiply’d
by Berries, order’d as directed -
for thofe of the Holly. Or it
may be rais’d by Layerr, as the
other Sorts are, which will pre-
fcntly take Root.- _ ‘

Mr. [Wortz'mer fays, they are

 

rais’d of Layers or Seeds, which
M 3 lie

PH

lie long in the'Ground, before
they come up; and fometimes
by Slips.

Mr. Bradley fays, The Time
of Laying the tender Branches of
Phyllirear into the Earth, is in
September; by which Means you
may greatly increafe this Kind of
Plant. That it delights in alight,
natural Soil, without any Mix-
ture of rich Compoft.

M r. Mortimer fays, The young
Plants may bell be remov’d at
two Years old, in March or A-
pril ; but will not bear removing
till the coldefi Seafons are over.
They may be elipt afterRain in the
Spring, before they grow Ricky,
and while the Shoots are tender.

Mr. Bradley fays, the Plain-
p/{yl/irea, and bloat/9’41 Kind, are
quick Growers, and make tole-
rable Hedges, if they be fupport-
ed with firong Rails or Stakes ;
but are not capable of refilling
the Force of the Winds without
fuch Helps : But the True-play]—
lirea, by Reafon of its flow
Growth, is a fit Companion for
the bell Ewer—greem in :1 Par—
terre, and is better able to de-
fend itfelf againll the Infults of
Storms.

That he has feen Pyramid and
headed Plants or‘this Sort, which
in Beauty have equal’d any other
of the Garden—Race; but the
plain and Hoarb’d—leav’d Kinds
are with great Difficulty kept in
any F orm.

That the Daft/J Sil'zler-lezw’d
and gilt/ed Sorts are valuable for
the Smallncls and elegant Varie-
gations of their Leaves, and be-
caufe they may be eafily train’d
into any Shape 5 yet they are not

 

PI

['0 proper for open Gardens, as
Places of Shelter, becaufe they
cannot abide the F roll.

The chief Ufes of Pbyllz'rear,
Monf. Liger fays, is either in
Pallifadoes or Arbours, in either
of which they look well.-

38. PHYTOLOGY.

pHTTOL 0 GT fignifles a
Treatife or Defcription of
Plants.

39. T/ae PICEA, or PITCH~

T n E E.
Defirx’ptionj T H I 5 Tree is
thus defcrib’d
by Monf. Liger : It refembles
a Yew-Tree, except that its Leaves
are of a green Colour, that is
not [‘0 brown. Its Flowers are
amentaccous, or in the Form of
Strings, being compos’d of fe~
veral Chives, but barren ; for
their Embryo’s grow among the
Leaves, from a feparate Spica or
Ear, and become a leafy Seed,
lodg’d equally in Scales ; which
being made fail all round, com- '
pofe this Fruit, which is nothing
elfe but a Spica or Ear that
grows bigger. ' .
”Cry ofPropagation, 6396.] This
Tree 'is rais’d and cultivated af-
ter the fame Manner as the Tea:-
Tree ; which fee. It loves a dry
Soil, but more Sun than the
Tow; and is trimm’d with Shears
into Form, like the Te-w—Tree.
When it is once put into the
Ground, to continue without
Tranl‘planting, it grows without
Manuring or Tillage, unlefs it
be in flat Borders; the Grounfc‘l
o

w. ..

-

PI

of which we are oblig’d to turn
up, for the Culture of the Flow-
ers that are in it.

40. T/ee PICEASTER..

H I S, NIr. ZWortimer fays,
is a Wilder Sort of Pine-

_‘ Tree, out of which Pitt/o is
; boil’d ; it grows both in the hot

and cold Countries. The Body
of this Tree being cut or burnt,

" will (Mr. Evelyn fays) emit

Suckers from the' Roots ; which
neither the Fir nor Pine will do.

41. PILOSITY.

ILOSITT of Plants, fig«
nifies their Roughncfs, or
Hairinefs.

42. PIMPERNEL. See BURNET.

43. PINCHING.
INCHING was flrfl in—
vented by Monf. Quintiney,

and is praélifed upon dprieoek,

171g, Pear/a and Pear-Treat. It
is a Sort of Pruning, which is
done by the Nails, to three or
four Eyes; this hinders the too
forward Paflage, and high Spring
of the Sap; makes it burl‘t out
in feveral Eyes, and produce
many Branches. Without Pinches
thofe Branches would grow too
large and high, and would {hoot
out into nothing but Wood ;
whereas Pinching them, makes
them divide themfelves into fe-
veral little inferiour Branches,
fome of which will prove good

Bearers, and the reit being pro-

per for Wood, will ferve to a—

dorn the Tree.

 

P I

This ought ‘to be done, aye
Monf. Gentil, in May and ynne;
if it be done later, it will not
have the fame Effect, becaufe
fuch Branches~will produce no
others under‘them, but what will
prove crumpled and unfruitful
the following Year: For the Sap
is by this Time employ’d in For-
tit‘ying not only the Wood and
Branches, but alfo thofe for:
Fruit which fprung from the
firl‘t Pruning, and even in Nou-
tithing the Fruit it felf upon the
Tree : This caufes them that
{hoot out after a late Pinching,
to be curled and unprofitable.

44. PINE-TREE.

Various Kindr.] R. Morti-

M mer fays,
There are feveral Sorts of Pine-e
Treer, but among us about three
or four Sorts ; but as they are to
be rais’d of Seedr, delight in the
fame Sort of Soil, and are to be
manag’d the fame Way as the
Fir-Tree, he directs to the Ar-
ticle Fir-Tree ; which fee.

”fay of Propagation] Mr. Cook
fays, He knows but of two or
three forts of Pine: in England .-
The one is common, and may
be rais’d by the Seed fown in
good Ground in Febrnary, and
in fome fhady Place. But if at
that Time the Weather fhould
prove frofly, the Seed: fhould be
laid into Earth or Sand, and kept
in the Houfe ’till the Weather
proves favourable.

Pzner, he fays, will not grow
well of Cutting: or Layers ;
they are bad to be remov’d when
old, becaufe the Roots in a few

M 4. Years

P I‘ ,

Years \run far from the Body of
the Tree, and if they fhould be
broken or cut, they will not
break out readily at their Sides
aud‘Ends. Therefore the furefi
Way, is to remove them while
they are young, at two or three
Years old, and at the Time here-
after mention’d. They are to
be prun’d after the fame Manner
as the Fir-Tree.

Thefe may be eXpeéted to be-
come glorious, {lately Trees:
N 0 green Trees in England will
be comparable with them. They
are fine Trees to fet round a
Garden or Bowling-green ; for
that the Leaves are not hurtful.

Culture] The belt Way to
keep them, is in Stories, about
three Foot between one another;
but you mutt not cut off their
‘ Ends, nor let them grow thick
on a Heap. If you keep them
in Stories, they will grow taper ;
and fome may be taken away,
as there {hall be Occafion, and
by this Means help them up to
a great Height, and as (trait as
an Arrow; for they naturally
grow in a good Shape.

The Way to get the Seed: out
of the Clogs, is to lay them be—
fore the Fire, and they will
gape.

Time ofPlanting. J He tells
us, as to the Pine, Pinafler, and
ErdTreer, the Reafon that they
are not f0 much refpeéted as
they ought to be, is caus’d from
the Ignorance in Planting them;
beeaiile the right Time and Sea—
fon is not taken; for it is the
wort} Time to plant them from
Ara-render to Marc/J, '

 

PI

. The belt Time to remove
thefe and mol‘t Sorts of Greens,
is from the Middle of Marc/2 to
the latter End ; or from the
Middle of Augzg/l to the latter
End. They muft not be fet too
deep.

But Pines, when large, will
not bear Tranfplanting to well
as the Fir-Tree ; and therefore
ought to be remov’d with as
much Earth as may be; and at _
their firft Removal ihould be ,
well watered; as alfo fhould
Fir-Tree: : And ought to be
planted as fhallow as their Roots
Will allow of.

There is alfo one Thing to be
noted, That no Ever-green; will
bear Lopping well, tho’ they ,
will fpare many of their Side-
Branches in April. If they are
of the tenderelt Sort, he advifes,
to cut'them three or four Inches
from the Body of the Tree, and
the next Spring to cut them clofe
to the Stem; and to cover the '
Wounds with Wax and well‘
temper’d Clay, and it will heal .
them.

Soil. ] They delight in a frelh, ,
gram/1y Soil, mix’d with Loam;
but do not love Dung.

45. PINE—APPLE. See ANANA.
46. PINKS.
Various Sorta] BE 5 I D E S t
t

he common
fingle Pink: rais’d from Seed, and
{own in Drills or Lines, about
[Hare/.7, the Fiat: molt common-
ly cultivated in Gardens, Mr.
Bradley reckons to be the‘red
Douélé-pirzk, the wbite Dozzblee
12in},

P'I .
\ pink, the Double P/aezzjhnt Eye-
‘ pink, the Dwarf Double Morm—
. rain-pink, and the China-pant.
The firl’t three of thefe, (tho’
1 it hath been ufual to make Edg-
ti ings of them ) Mr. Bradley
i direEts, that they rather be plant—
: ed in Spots in the Infide of Bor-
: ders, becaufe they Blowing a
iFoot and half high are apt to
5 grow irregular in Edgings.
As for the Dwarf Mountain-
; pin/i, that, he fays, is now but
1 rarely to be found ; but as it is a
. flow Grower, and not rifing to
. above eight Inches high, he well
enough approves of that for Edg-
: ings on the Outfide of Garden-
l Beds. All thefe four Kinds, he
t fays, are rais’d from Slip: planted
i in Augufl, or very early in the
Spring.
Mr. Mortimer fays, The com-
' mon red Pink and Double ones
planted on the Edges of Walks,
and againfi the Sides of Banks,
will not only preferve them from
Mouldring down ; but when
they are in Bloflbm, will be a
great Ornament, and an excel-
lent Perfume; and when they
are out of BlolTom, they may be
clipp’d by a Line, which will
keep the Borders even and flrait.
They are commonly rais’d by
Seed: fown in Marc/2, 0r planted
out by parting the Room, which
are apt to fpread. They flower
in jzme. '
Pink, Monf. Liger fays, are
indiflerently fet in open Ground,
upon Beds, in earthen Po'ts or
in Tubs, either in flutumn 0r
Marc/9.
The Mark: of good Pink.) 1. A
beautiful Pink is large, has good

 

PI

Stare of Leaves, and is fliap’d
like a little Dome. -

2. If the white be clear, and
not fireak’d with Carnation. If
the Leaves be united at the End,
not indented, round, and not
pointed. -

3. The more it is variegated
the better it is, if the Mixtures
be well divided, and not imbib’d.

4.. The mofi beautiful Mixture
is that which begins from the
Bottom of the Flower, and is '
continued to the Top.

0me/ing Pink: by Seed.] If
they are fet in open Ground, the
Plot is to be fpread an Inch deep
with the finefi Mould.

If they be fown in Beds, the
Mould Will do well enough of
it felf, if it contains a fuflicient
Stock of Salts to raife the Plants
to a perfeét Growrh, till they
are fit to be remov’d.

If they be fown in Pots or
Tubs, the Bottoms are to be‘
fill’d with good, fine fitted
Earth, which is to be cover’d
with Mould, at lealt an Inch
deep. -

The Seed is to be fown in
thefe Pots, 63%. thus prepar’d, as-
thin as pofiible, and cover’d with
the Mould and watered, that
the Mould which is light, may
unite it felf to the Seed, and
warm the Shoot, and the fooner‘
difpofe it to become Plants.
Thefe Pots fhould be fet in 21
Sunny Expofure; and if the Seed
be fown in the open Ground, it
{hould be Where the Plants may
have the fame Benefit. The
Plants when rais’d mull be often
water’d.

To

PI

To plant t/Jem out] When the
Plants are grown fit for Tranf-
planting, they may be planted in
Beds by Lines, at four Inches
Diftanee. The proper Time is
the latter End of flfdrcé, or Be-
ginning of April. They will
not bear Flowers the firll Year ;
but being fecur’d by Mats, in
hard F rol‘ts, till they have out-
liv’d a Iii/inter, they will thrul‘t
out young'Suckers at the Foot,
from the Midfi of which aril‘e
Stems, fome of Which will bear
Flowers, and the refi will ferve
for Layers.

The Pia/2r being planted, they
fhould be cover’d in the Day—
time With Straw, Mats, or Cloth
firetch’d over them, in the Shape
of the Roof of a Houle, that
they may be skreen’d from the
too violent Heat of the Sun for
feven or eight Days, that it may
not fcorch their Roots ; but they
mull be uncover’d at Night, that
they may enjoy the Influence of
the open Air.

The next Month of the fol~
lowing Year, after the Pink; are
bloom’d, chufe thol‘e that are
the molt beautiful, for Layerr.

0f Laying Pinks. ] Make an
Ineifion with a Penknit‘e in the
lVIiddle of the Knot of the Layer,
halfway, or at molt two Thirds ;
lay it along, and Hay it down
with a Hook, or hooked Stick,
and fupport it with another {hort
Stick, if it be in the open
Ground ; but if they be in Pots,
the Edges of the Pots will be a
fufiicient Support. That Part
that lies in the Ground, mull be
eover’d with a little Mould;
then water them, and leave them
to themfelves.

PI

If the Layer: are in open
Ground, they mull be skreen’d
from the Heat for the three firi‘t
Days; if in Pots they mull be
remov’d into the Shade, and af-
terwards place them in fuch an
Expofure, as will belt haften
their Motion.

They will commonly take
Root by the eighth or twelfth
of September : If they have not
by that Time, and have {hot out
nothing but fmall Fibres, the
Pots fhould be fet in a Bed mo-
derately warm, and that Heat
will animate the Parts difpos’d
to {hoot out into Roots.

The Earth being light, and
to not over moilt, it ought to
be frequently Water’d ; and the
Layer: lhould be expos’d to the
ho: Sun.

0f Increq/fng Pink; by Suckerrj
Chufe the fmallefi Suckerr, for
they are the bell ; and cut them
with a Pair of ScilTors within
two or three Joints of the Heart,
which is the Place from whence
the Leaves fpring; befure fee
that they have no more : When
you have cut them, fplit them
into four Parts, from one End
to the other, and direct the Inci-
lion from the Joint nearefl to the
Extremity, to the fecond; then
cut 01? the Leaves to three Inches
Breadth near the Middle, and
lay them in the Sun till they be-
gin to Wither ; afterwards throw
them into frelh Water, and let
them lie in it till you perceive
they recover new Vigour. Then
take them out; and the Pots
having been ready fill’d with
common Earth, well lifted, and

 

 

cover’d two Inches thick with
Mould,

PI

- ’Mould, bury the Sucker: up to
the leeond Joint, prefs the Earth
hard upon them with your Hand,
water them and fer them 111 the
Shade, and leave them to them-
-feIVes.

If you find they have not ta—
ken in the Middle of September,
fet the Pots in warm Beds, and
cover them with Glaifes

Earth proper for Pinkrj Pinks
love naturally to be Cool ; there-
: fore you mutt take one Third of
-: the bell Kitchin-Garden Earth,
one Third and a half of Mould,
. and half a Third of yellow Earth:
lift them and mix them well to-
: gether. Fill the Pots with this
Earth, prefs it down a little, to
prevent it from linking; but fill
them no higher than Within a
F inger’s Breadth of the Top,
and afterwards fill them up with
1 good Bed- Mould.

If the Layer: have taken Root,
cut them from the Stock, as near
the Stem as you can: And fee
that the two Branches of the
Lever, that is the lower Parts,
which were feparated by the In—
cilion, and to which the {mall
Fibres adhere, be exaétly equal ;
and pare off the Extremity of the
Leaves.

The Layer: being thus pre-
par’d, make a Hole inthe Mid-
dle of the Pot with your Finger,
put in the Layer, and fill up the
Hole with Mould, prefs it down
on them, and water them. Set
them in the Shade for twelve
Days.

' Tho’ Pin/E; are not very fenfi-
ble of Cold, yet it may not be
proper fometimes to leave them

out all the li’zhter ; but when

PI

the Frofls come in Ibvere, they

may be hous’d.

It the W inter prove mild, and
the Earth about them grows too
dry, a little frefh-drawn Well-
Water will not be amifs for
them; but if it be either froily
or like to be to, this fhould not
be done at all.

If any Leaves incline to rot,
pluck or cut them ofl? as near:
the Trunk as you can. -

When the Seafon is favou—l
table, fet them Abroad; you
may fet them in an Eaflern EX"
pofition, which fome count the
moft beneficial; but they will
thrive in a Southern one.

When they are water’d, it
fhould be with Water that has
been expos’d to the Sun; and a
little Watering-Pot is the hell,
that it may dil‘til on them gently,
like Rain, and not break up the
Earth. When they begin to
fpindle, they mull be fupported
with Sticks, and ty’d to them.

The Earth being walh’d away
by frequent- Watering, and wait-
ed by the Heat of the Sun, ren-
ders it necefl‘ary to turn the Su-
perficies up a-new; but this will
be very beneficial to them, and
efpecially if a little Bed-Mould
be thrown upon it,.which wil":
furnifh them with new Salts {0:
their Nourilhment.

When they {hoot out too mr-
ny Buds, they mull be difcharg’d
of fome of them, and if two
grow oppofite to one another,
one mult be cut off Thofea;
to be taken off that grow nearel:
to the Stock. More mull be
retrench’d from thofe that wan:

 

a great deal of Nourifhmem;
and

PI

and lefs from thofe that grow
naturally large; and therefore it
is fometimes necefl‘ary to leave
them all on, to prevent them
from Burfting.

The Buds of thofe that burll
ihOuld be bound up, and a little
Slit ihoulcl be made on the Side
that feems to bunch out. Thofe
Buds that are thick and ihort,
are in molt Danger of Burfiing.

When Pink: are in Bloom,
thofe that are like to be beauti-
ful fhould be comb’d in the Man-
ner following :

The Hands being wafh’d and

Wip’d dry, flroke the Pink from
the Husk upwards; and opening
it a little, difpofe thofe Leaves
that are regularly plac’d, in as
good Order as you can.
‘ Some ufe a Piece of Palle-
board no bigger than the F lower,
With a Hole in the Middle, and
thrufi the Flower through it,
having difpos’d the Leaves as
artfully as they can.

While they are in Flower
they lhould be c0vered, being of
f0 delicate 21 Nature, that both
the Sun will dry them up in a
ihort Time, and the Rain will
'fpoil their Lul‘tre. And if they
they be Yet in the Shade, the
Flower will lali the longer.

Some Dévfizfl’s incident to Pinks.

Putrefat‘lion, and their turning
white : The Way to prevent
this, is, not to water them too
much, and to cut off the afl‘eSted
Part to the Quick, before it is
too far gone ; and then to cover
the Plant with fotne dry, light
Earth.

P I

As for the fecond: The bell
Way to fecurc the Flower, is, .
not to let it grow dry, nor to
expofe it to a difagreeable Af—
peét ; to fecure it as much as
well can be from Fogs, which
are apt to aifeél it to that Degree,
that it will be pail Recovery.

47.1NDIAN-P1NK.

D ' t' .
0ft"? 1012‘] M thus defcribes

this Plant : It ihoots up. into :1
Stem, about a Foot and half
high : This Stem is divided into
l'everal Branches, which are full
of Leaves; thefe Leaves are in~
dented on the Edges, and point—
ed at the Top. At the Extre-
mity of each Bough, grow round,
ridiated Flowers , which are
compos’d of fevcral well-order’d
yellow Flowers, the Disk of
which, conlifis of feveral Flou-
rilhes, cut into many Parts. The
Crowns of thefe Flowers are
compos’d of feveral half Flou-
riihes, which are plac’d on Em~
bryo’s, and are contain’d in a
Cup of one Leaf, which Leaf is
fhap’d like a Pipe: This Embryo
afterwards becomes a cornered
Seed, inclos’d in a little leafy
Head, and failened to its Bed. _

Cit/[area] The Indian Pink
requires much the fame Culture
as the Female Bzz/fzzm ripple;
which fee. The Plants will by
no Means endure the Cold.

It is a very proper Plant for
an Ornament of Compartments
of Parterres ; but they ought not
to be let in the Middle of Plants-
of the larger Size, but rather on’
the Edges 5 becaufe they will

0 N S. Liger

 

be

1’!

3e hid by thofe Plants that are
rfull of Branches.

48. GERMAN PINK-

lTHIS Plant is call’d the Ger-
man Pink, becaufe it grows
plentifully 1n that Country.
This Pink is always of a
flaming red, and the Leaves are
much larger than thofe of other
-'Pim€; ; and 1n this it differs from
(other Pints, in that their Flow—
".ers vary, and this is ‘generally in
Tthe Colour of their Flowers.
Culture.] This Plant is to
: be manag’d in every Refpeét like
' the Poet’s-Hyacinth, 0r Poet’s-
:Pink, (which fee) being of the
Cfame Nature, and are to be in-
:creas’d after the fame Manner,
.2 excepting this Difference, That
:the German-pink: are generally
fer in open Ground or Pots.

49. POETS-PINK, or POETS-

HYACINTH.

1 Defcri tion. H I 8 Plant
P J T from its Root
:ihoots out feveral Stems, of a-
i bout eighteen Inches high, which
is divided into feveral Branches.
‘ The Leaves of it are long, and
pointed at the End. Flowers
like Pink: grow at the Top of
thofe Branches: Thefe Flowers
are pentapetalom, or confifling
of five Leav,es of a deep red
Colour, which fometimes are

mix’d with Streaks of white.
11/4)! of P7 opagatzm. J This is
a ViVacious Plant and may be
increafed three WaVs, we by
Seed, by Slip; with P’art or the
Roots, and by S/z' : VV1thont

them

 

P I

By Seed:.] The Seed fhould
be fown in September or Oé‘t’aéer;
and tho’ this will thrive in mofl:
Places in a Garden, if it be good,
yet neverthelefs it will thrive
bcil in the molt compound
Earth, becaufe there it is to get
thofe Difpofitions that may make.
it apt for Produétion , it ihould _
have the molt fubtile and vola~
tile Salts for its Nourimment,
which are not to be found in the
fimple'Earth.

Therefore prepare a Bed, and
fpread upon it Mould an Inch
deep, mingled with Garden Soil
lifted, and make the Superficies
finooth Sow the Seed: fcatter-
ingly in Drills drawn aerol‘s the
Beds in a Line.

When thefe Seed: appear above
Ground, weed them carefully,
and water them as Occafion re~
quires.

They ought to be covered
carefully with Straw, or dry
Dung, that they may be able to
bear up againfi the Severity of
the [Winter ; but When the Wea-
ther is mild, and the Sun fhines,
remember to uncover them: And
by this Management they will
thrive till the Month of March,
that the Spring will fupply them
with new Vigour ; fo that they
will [boot fufficiently, that they
may be tranfplanted the latter
End of Marc/J, or Beginning of
April.

They may alfo be fown in
Beds 1n February or March; but
then you mufl; take Care to fe-
cure them from the Frolt, and
water them duly when the Sea-
fon requires it,

To

P I

‘ To harm]? them éy Slips, with
part of their Root. ] This is rec-
kon’d the fhorteft Way, and is
as follows : Difplant Stocks of
aYear, or two Years Growth,
and well-grown Plants; pick
off all that appears dead about
them, and break of the .Slips
one from another; then plant
them as deep as the very Bud,
Which appears green; then hav-
ing prefs’d the Earth down a-
bout them, water them, and take
Care to weed them.

If they have but three or four
Fibres of Roots, they will take
Root, and become very tufted.
The common Time of doing
this, is in the Beginning of the
Spring.
~ To imrmfi’ them by Slips, wit/J-
out Room] Having fill’d Pots
or Baskets with Earth, half
Kitchin—Garden Soil fitted, and
half Mould ; bury the Slip taken
from the Mother-Plant Stock
half its Length in the Ground ;
prefs the Earth about it, and
water it, and carry the Pots or
Baskets into a ihady Place : Let
them {tand there till you perceive
the $1495 have taken Root ; and
When they begin to £1100: forth,
fet them where they may gradu—
ally feel the Influence of the
Sun.

This is to be done when their

 

Flowers are pafi; and thefe:
Slip; are to be chofen out. of:
thofe Stalks that bear the Flow-
ers.
Tho’ thefe Plants are thus
rais’d in Pots or Baskets, yet

 

thofe are but as a fort oanrfery,
to them; and they are to be ta-,
ken out and tranl‘planted, becaul‘e

0

PI

they will require more Room «,
than the Pots or Baskets can al- r
low, unlefs they are very large.

Soil.] This Plant loves a Soilé .
pretty fubitantial.

50.PINNATED.

PINNA'TED Leavesare,
thofe Leaves of Plants that :‘
are deeply ihagged or indented,.
and have their Parts refembling ;.
Feathers.

51. 772: PIPE-TREE,jEe
SYRINGA.

52. Prssnnns.

I 5 [111 R E S or flats, are
very injurious to a Garden,
by feeding on the Fruits.

In hot Countries, as Italy,
Spain, and the H ”eff—Indies, thefe
Infeets are reckoned among the
Pefts of the Field ; though they
are by Solomon commended as
the Emblem of Knowledge
and Induflry. The Egy mm.-
mgde ufe of them, as the Hie-
roglyphick of Knowledge, every
one of them laying up his Store
for the Winter; and although
they want themfeves, never rob-
bing his Neighbour.

To keep them from injuring
Trees, fome advife to encom-
pal's the Stem of the Tree four
Fingers breadth, with a Circle or
Roll of Wool newly plucked
from the Belly ot‘a Sheep, or
elfe to lay Saw-Dun. round the
Tree.

Others direét to anoint the
Tree round with Tar; but Tar

ibeing prejudicial to Trees, Mr.

[Mortimer

PI

Mortimer prefers human Ordure,
which, he is of Opinion, would
be of more Efficacy becaufe, if
it be put into their Hills, it will
kill them.

Some direét to have Boxes
made full of Holes, with a Bod-
kin, and to put Powder of Arf—
nick, mixed with Honey, into
the Boxes, and to hang the Boxes
on the Trees, and they lay, it
will certainly defiroy them ; but
Care lhould be taken not to
make the Holes large enough for
a Bee to get in, lefi it defiroy
them too.

Another Way is to hang Glafs
Bottles in the Trees with Ho-
ney and Water in them, and this
will attraél the Pifmires, which
you may flop up and wafh out
with hot Water; and then ufe
them as before.

Watering Alleys or green
Walks often will either drive
away, or defiroy the Ants that
are amongft them.

Mr. Cal/im dircas to lay
broad Stones on the Borders in
Winter, and not to difturb them
till the Pear/m begin to leaf out,
and then to turn up the Ant-
hills, and to pour fcalding Wa-
ter through a watering Pot on
them, and their Skins being thin
this will deflroy ten thoufand in
a Minute; for all you touch
die; and that if a Quantity of
them remain in the Beginning of
March, then about ten in the
Morning you may perceive them
mufiering their Troops clofe to
a Sow/J Wall, if the Sun! fhine,
and then you may fcald them
as before.

 

P L‘
,3. Prsracmo.

THE Pifldrbio, Mr. Bradley

fays, may be planted againft
Walls expofed to the South
Sun, and there it will thrive
very well: 2'

54. PrsrrLLUM. "

HE Cbiveorfine Thread

of aF lower, ,or the. little

Knob which. grows on the TOP
of this Thread. '

55. ‘PITCHUMON, or PERSIMON
PLUM.

THIS is a Virginian Plant
growing to the Size of a
Cherry-Tree. The Wood of the
Tree is White, the Leaves on
the upper Side of a fhining green
Colour; the Fruit fumething
refembles a Mcdlar, having fe-
veral Seeds in it. When the
Fruit is ripe it is foft and luf-
c:ous. -
This Plant loves a light Soil
and but little Water; may be
propagated by fowing the Seed;
in Marc/9, on a hot Bed. It re-

quires to be houfed with the
Orange—Tree.

56. PLANIFOLIOUS-

LA NIFO LIOUSF/ow-

err are fuch as are fet toge—
ther in circular Rows round the
Center, and whofe F ace is ufu-
ally indented, notched, uneven
and Jagged, as in the Hierac/oizz
Save/it.

5'7. SE~

.

‘ P L‘
57. SEMINAL PLANTS.

H E Seminal Plant, is that
which lies miniature in every
‘Seed.

58. PLANTING.

To prepare Tree: for planting. ]
I N order to prepare Trees for

planting, two Parts are to
be regarded, the Head and the
Root. AS to the Head there are
two Things to be done, accord-
ing to Monf. Qaiatiaey.

Fir/l, A: to the Head. ] In as
much as a Tree is prejudiced
and weakened, and its Vigour
and Aétivity abated, for form
time, in plucking of it up, there-
fore the Head is to be disbur-
thened, in Proportion to the
Strength and Aétivity it has
loft. '

Secondly, The Body'mufi be
left no higher than is conve-
nient for the ufe the Tree is de-
figned for; as thofe that are de-
figned for Dwarfs and \Vall-
Trees, muff be kept pretty iltort;
whereas Standards, that are to
produce their Fruit very high,
muft be left of :1 Height fui-
table.

A: to tbe Room] All the
Fibres are to be cut ofi‘as near
to the Place from which they
fprung, as may be, except the
Trees are to be replanted the ve-
ry Moment they are pluckt up.
Otherwife the Air Willturn all
the young Roots and“ Fibres
black, and of confequence fpoil
them. But if it be replanted
again immediately, then fome
of the Mould may be taken up

 

P L'

with the Root, and the hairyy‘

. and fibrous Part of the Root:

being well fpread, they need not 3

be ['0 cut off.

But as to thefe that are taken 5
up fome Time before they are 5

planted, the Fibres being all
taken away, you will be better

I .

able to fee the bad ones that :
they may be regulated; and if the 4

Root of a Tree fhould happen.
to be any thing too much dry’d,
than before it is planted, it fliould
be {teeped for fix or feven Hours
in Water,

What may be accounted gooa’ or
bad R0015. ] 'By good and bad
Roots is not only meant fuch
as are broken, unbark’d, rotten
or dry, but that which is of
more Confequence; for every
Tree that {Lands in a Nurfety
fhoots out either all good Roots
or baa’ ones, or both good and
add. ‘

A Tree, when it is replanti-

ed, mutt {hoot forth new Roots,
or elfe it will die, all the old
Roots being of no Service to it ;
and form. of thefe new Roots
will be fair and thick, and
fome feeble and fmall ; and of
thefe Roots thefc are only to be
valued that are frefh and. new
and well plac’d.

All thefe young ones mutt
be kept fhort in Proportion to
their longelt. The longett in
Dwarf: never to exceed eight or
nine Inches, and in Standards
not above a Foot. Indeed as to
Illa/berries and Almondt, their
Roots may be left of a greater
Length, becaufe the ROOES of
[Wu/denier are very ihort, and
thofe of fl/im'adr very dry and

' ' hard ;

. P L ’
hard ;. and for that Caufe, if
they ihould be cut too thl‘t
Will be in Danger of perifh-
flig. '

After the Length of the big-
gelt Roots is fixed, the leffer or
feeble ones will be long e-
nough, if they be three or four
Inches, in Proportion to the big-
nefs of each, the lealt always to
be the {bond},

One fingle Rank, or S‘to-
r‘y of Roots will be enough,
and alfo two or three good
Roots, if they be well placed
round the Foot of the Tree,
will be better than the middling
ones.

How and when to plant T765351]
The common Seafon for plant-
ing is from the End of 0620-
ber t0 the Middle of [Wart/7,
and in dry and mild Weather;
Rain being apt to make the
Mould of the Confiftence of
Morter, {‘0 that it _ will not
fettle well about the Roots, but
leave fome Vacancies between
the Earth and fome parts of
the Roots.

And tho’ any of thefe Months
may ferve indifferently well, yet
it may be better to plant fooner
than later. In a light Soil pre-
fently after Illic/aaelmflfi may be
bell; but the End of February
may be fafelt in a cold, moilt
goil, becaufe in the lafi, the
' rees can do nothing all the
Winter, and will be more like-
ly to be fpoil’d than be able
to prefetve themfelves; Where-
as in lighter Ground, they may
begin to {hoot out fome fmall
Roots, even the very fame Azt—
tzmm, which will confiderably

VOL. II.

 

‘ PL '
adorn them the Spring follow;
in . '
gThe Holes being opened, and
Plants laid each to its Place, fink
them half aFoot ;" that is, let the
End of the loWefl Root be but
half :1 Foot deep in the Ground,
becaul‘e you may expeét the
Ground to fink anorher half
Foot, and it is much fafer to
plant too high than too low;
and in fome Months time the
Trees will be funk f0 as to be
a Foot deep in the Earth, and
that is the molt proper Mea-
l‘ure that can be alligned. Thofe‘
Trees that are planted deeper.
ul'ually die in a few Years;

Another thing to be obferv’d
in planting is to turn the prin—
cipal Roots of the Trees to the
good Soil : for though all Trees
that are defigned for Dwarfs
(honld {land upright; yet if the'
Roots of thefe are f0 dispofed, as
to be naturally inclined to fpread
round, and require that the Tree
fhould {land a little Hoping, in
order to let their Roors have that
good Situation that they fhould
have, it mull be alIOWed.

If Trees are to be planted a-
long the Side ofa Wall or A14
ley, the principal Roots mull. not
be turned to the Alley. If they
are to be planted againft a Wall
the R00ts {hould be fo'placed
that none of them may in vain
fp‘end their Vigour againl‘t the
Wall. '

You ought to‘ plant Standard
Trees a little deeper than you
do others, they {hould {land full
3. Foot deep in the Earth; and
it may be proper to‘ prefs the
Ground again&_ the Feet of thel'in‘

0‘

PL

to fatten them; alfo trampling
‘ is not good for over finall
Trees, to make them fink too
deep. Standards do require a
greater Depth, and prefling down
the Earth to make them the bet-
ter refiit the Violence of the
Winds.

After the Trees are planted,
a Bed, of three Inches thick, of
Dung being laid' over them,
will be very ufeful ; this Dung
may be covered with Mould to
hinder it from being feen.

The Defign of the Dung is
rather to prevent the Roots of
Trees from being l'eorched with
the burning Heat of the Mouths
of April, [Way and 321m), than
to improve the Ground which
is fuppofed to have been firi‘t pre-
pared.

If Dung be not eafily to be
had, the Foot of the Tree may
be covered, duringthefe Months,
with green Weeds, Fern, 63%.
And every thing ought to be pre-
vented from growing that would
(either ihade or cloud the young
Shoots. And if it happens to be
a very dry Seafon, it may be
convenient to give them, during
the‘ three or four hot MOnths,
each a Pitcher ofVVater every
Fortnight, being poured into a
circular Trench round each
‘i‘ree, that the VVater may pe~
netrate to the Root. Thele
'i‘renches thould be filed up
againat‘ter the \Vater has been
funk in: But it‘ there be Rain
there is no need of watering.

0f Treat [/rmz‘ezz'fi'r RCfl’V’Uc’IJ
.Becaule l'ome Trees may hap—
pen to die, it will be requifite
to provide a Nimiber of Trees
or every Sort, planted in Olier

P L'
Baskets, to fupply their Places ;
but a greater Number of Stone
Fruit than Kernel Fruit, becaufe
the Stone Fruit is the more ha-
zardous. ,

Thefe Trees in Baskets thould
be kept in the Shade, either tick-
eted or fuch an account of them
kept in a Book, that if there
be Occafion any Tree that dies
may have its Place fupplied With
one of the fame Kind.

. Thol‘e that are in the Refer»
vatory Baskets, and defigned for
the #22111, ihould be kept in a
leaning Pollure, and thofe for
Dwarf} in an upright one; ('0 that
when planted with their Baskets
they may have their proper Pof-
tures.

This tranfplanting of Referve-
Tree: may be done till Mid—
fzmzmcr; and before they are
removed they ihould be water-
ed, and the Earth lhould be re-
moved away neatly round the
Basket, ['0 that if they thould have
fhor any Roots beyond the
Basket, they may not be bro—
ken.

This is befi‘to be done in
rainy \Veather, or at leal‘t when
it is mild and temperate, and
when the Sun is low, or fet, or
before Sun tiling. Care ought
alfo to be taken not to fhake
the Trees in removing them for
fear of loofening the Roots.

If any of the Roots have
come through the Basket, thefe
{hould be preferved, well pla-g
ced, and fupported with good
Mould, and being covered, the
E1rth ihould be rammed clofe
to the Basket; then the Earth
mutt be plentit‘ully watered round

about

 

P L ~
. about the Basket, that the Earth
may cleave clofe to it.

When the Sun thines hot, the
Heads of the Trees are to be
. covered with Straw Skreens, till
'- they begin to fprout, and then
they may be taken off at Night ;
but this needs not be done, but
when you perceive fome new
Roots have fprouted out of the
Baskets, or when the Trees have
been {haken and loofened.

Thefe Baskets ought to be
proportioned to the Roots of the
Trees, that there may be about
three Inches difiance between
the Baskets and the longell of
the Roots, that good Mould may
be put in.

The Baskets for Dwarf; mull
be bigger than thofe for \Valls ;
and thofe for Standard; muft
be bigger than thofe for Dwarf}.

Mr. Switzer direéls, to plant
from the middle of 067050 to
the Nliddle of ruin/a, but not
in frolly Weather. He prefers
the Autumn before the prz’ag,
beeaufe the Trees by {finding
the Winter will be bC'tcr fixed
and fettled, to bear the Vio-
lence of the Winds and
Droughts of the Spring.

Thofe Trees that are planted
againfl a Wall, if it be feven
or eight Foot high, he would
have planted at fifteen or fixreen
Foot Dil‘tance. If the Wall be
ten Foot high, then the Space
of twelve Foot may be fuffici-
em: But as for Apricackr, Plzrmr
and Cberrier they lhould be plan-
ted at a greater Diflance than
P646581 01' IVECZJrMeI.

If the Ground be not very
good, he diteéts to iurich it be-

 

. P L.
fore you begin to plant. The
Holes are to be firft digged' a-
bout three or four Foot l‘quare,
and two Foot deep, and then
to be filled up again with good
Compoit of Dung and Mould.
If it be a hungry Gravel or
szd,‘ then a proper Compofl'
will be rotten Horfe Dung,
and Cow Dung, mixed with
rich Mold. If the Ground be
a Marie or flifl' Clay, then a
Compol‘t of Rubbilh, Lime,
final] Pieces of Brick and Tile,
Coal—Allies, and drift Sand,
mixed with the Dung and Mould,
will do well.

The Holes are to be filled with
this half a Foot higher than the
tell of the Level, and the finel’t
Mould at the Top is to be
preferred to plant the Trees in:
But the molt agreeable Soil for
the Roots of all young Trees, he
accounts untry’d earth to be,
fuch as has been digged from
a “Title or Common.

The Trees being taken from
the Nurl'ery, you mui’t fhorten
the larger Roots to about fix In-
ches of the Stern, and all the
Fibres are to be taken off:
You mull: alfo prune the Head,
fo as to leave not above two
Branches; and thofe you mutt
reduce to fix Inches above the
Place of grafting; and a fingle
Branch is enough for a Head;
and this pruning may be perfor—
med at any Time before it be-
gins to {hoot in the Spring.

Thofe Trees that are planted
againlt a Wall ihould have their
Roots fet as far from the F oun-
dation of the Wall as the Top
will allow; and by being ('0

N 2 planted,

P L
"planted, the Root will haire
mere Room to fpread backwards,
and the Tree will thrive the
better

Having planted the Trees With
the Heads fpreading againl’r the
Wall, fill up the Holes With the
Mould, and if the Trees are
young and tender, fill the Soil
in the more gently.

When the Trees are planted,
lay half rotten Dung round them
for three or four Foot every
way, and Fern, or Straw, up-
on that five or fix Inches thick
to fecure them from the Frolls:
But in Summer time a fmall
Quantity of Sand and pebble
Stones being laid round them,
at a little Diftance, Will keep
the Roots cool and moill.

Where the Trees are to be
fer in Borders, it is ufual when
the Ground is prepared to make
aTrench by the Side of the
Wall, two Foot deep, and two
Foot wide, and to mingle good
old Dung with the Earth, and
to fill the Trench up lightly with
it almoft as high as the Borders
areintendcd to be, which is to be
trodden down to that it be not a-
bOVe half full in the Places where
the Trees are to be fet.

- But if the Ground be defec—
tive in the Bottom, or ifa young
Tree is to be planted in the lame
Place WhCl‘C an old Tree has
llood, then the Ground mutt
he prepar’d with Compolt, as
{at as the Roots of" the young
Tree need go, or the Old one
has gone.
- It is a 1
the Trees il1.1ilow,
the Earth about‘them; tho’

.....

good way to for
and to milk-
if

PI:

the Soil be warm and dry at
little raifing will be fufl‘icient;
but if it be a wet Clay, you can
fcarce plant too high, nay, al—

fhould afterwards appear above

they will neverthelefs do very
Well, it" at the firfi you cover
them with the bell; fine Mould,
(and in this you fhould allow
for the fetting of the new Earth,
which commonly finks three or
four Inches) and fecure them
for one Year, from the fcorch-
ing Heats of the Sun.

Thefc Directions principally
refpcét Wall fruit.

the good Soil be lhallow, or the
Garden lie over wet and moift,
to lay Tiles or Bricks all over
the Bottom of the Trench to
flop the Roots from firiking
downwards, and by that means
to caufe them to fpread into the
good Soil: For it is aRule in
Gardening, that the more hori-
7011 t1lly either Roots or Branches
of lruit- -trees run, the better
they will bear.

He all‘o advil‘es thoi‘e whofe
Gardens are lituated 011 a fpungy
wet or clayey Soil, do make a
p1tty 111111y Drains, by'digging
T1ench s tvo or three Foot

deep , leading to the lower
Ground, and to pour in Pebbles,
or any other rough Rubbilh,
and to lay upon thefe fmall
green Boughs, and afterwards

:o throw the Earth in again up
on them.

If the Trees to be planted come
From Nurl'eries at a Dil’tance,

 

he advil‘es toptune the Roits
Y

the Surface of the Ground ; for ‘

Mr. Laurence advifes, that if

tho’ fome of the larger Roots

Z»

. 4:933:21” ..

,. yarns-$1... ,‘L-wr: ‘- _

i

“a.

.. w .4444..;,;

P L
by taking off all the finall Fi-
bres intirely, and to ihorten the
larger ones to about fix Inches
from the Stern; and if they have
in their Carriage received any
Gall or Wound, to cut off that
Part of the Root; and though
two or three Spurs are fufliei-
ent, yet if there be more good

. ones they may remain, being
pruned as before directed.

.

If by being feveral Days out
of the Ground they are become
dry, he advifes to lay them a

: fleep in Milk and Water, or Difh-
' water, for twenty four Hours,
' which will fupple. the Roots
; and render them the more apt

m

r“-1

to flrike new Fibres into the
Earth, after they are planted;

: and the Heads muft be pruned
: in the Spring. One Branch is
.~ enough for a Head, and that

.... an,

pruned to fix Inches above the
Place where they are grafted,
or inoculated. Two Branches
will not be to well to be

.' left.

‘ Trees. ]

0f plantiflg Standard Fmit-
Monf. Gem’fl directs,
I. That the Trees have a

‘ firait Stem, five or fix. Inches

. in the Girt.

If flender Trees be

" planted in a light Ground, they

will be too long a railing before
they bear Fruit.

II. That in a light Ground
Standards {hould be planted eigh-
teen Foot afunder ; but the Dif-

f tance ought to be twenty four
Foot afunder, if there be Dwarf-

l

; are to be left on the

t

. the Trees; thefe

trees planted between them.

' III. Three or four Branches
'ead of
ranches may
be ten, or twelve Inches long,

 

P L
and this will make .the Head
round the firfi Year.

IV. When you plant Trees
refreih the Ends of the Roots
that they may be lively, and
fpread the Roots abroad, cover
the Earth, and put it about than
with your Hands, otherwife’the
Tree will not {hoot fo vigor-
oufly.

V. If the Earth was dug up
in Autumn, make the Hole three
Foot fquare, but elfe they {hould
be made fix Foot l‘quare and
three Foot deep.

NIL Carpenter advifes to' [take
them well that they may be kept
upright in their Lines, and from
being fhaken by the Wind, be-
caufe that will break ofi‘ the
young Fibres.

VI. Dung the Foot of the
Trees, and water them as Oc-
eafion requires.

Mr. Bradley fays, in order to
meet with Succefs in plantng
the Gardener ought to confider
the SOil and Situation every par-
ticular Tree requires, and to gain
the Knowledge how to afiift CI?
ther of them.

And Whereas it is a common
Practice, where the Surface or
upper Soil is not above three or
four Inches thick, and the next
Layer of Earth is a {tiff Clay,
to dig Trenches for Beds about
fourteen or eighteen Inches deep,
and having taken the Clay or
Earth out of them, to fill them
up with fine frelh Earth. The
chief Reafons given for this
Practice are, that the Surface or
firft Layer of Earth was not
deep enough, for the Nourifln
ment of the Trees, and ti -: fiifl’

N 3 Clay

P L A

Clay below- it would be very
pernicious to the Roots of the
Trees, that {hould flrike into
it. [This Praétice is liable -to
this Inconvenicnce, that when
the Wet falls, thefe Trenches
in the ,Clay receive the Water,
and hold it as tho? it were in
Bafons, and fo make the Earth
that was put into thefe Tren~
chcs perfeél Mud, becaufe Clay
or Chalk'will not admit Wa-
ter to pafs through it; there-
fore unlefs the Plants were fuch
as naturally delighted to live
and grow in V-Vater and Bogs,
it would be next to a Mira-
cle, if they fnould live and thrive
in trenched Beds. And altho’
there were Drains made from
thefe Trenches as artfully as
poflible, yet he has made it
his Obfervation, that thoufands
have been del‘troyed by this Me-
thod of planting ; the Wet cor—
rupting and chilling the Earth in
them.

It has been likewife obferved,
that the Trees planted in Holes
dug in thefe {tubborn Soils, and
filledwith good Earth, do, When
they fprcad their Roots to the
Borders of lileC Holes, and
touch the Gravel or Clay, be-
gin to canker, and prefently de—
cay.

lVIr. Fairclai/d has made this
Obl‘ervation, that where the firfi
Layer of Earth is not above three
or four Inches, and the next ei-
ther Clay, Chalk or Gravel, that
it is not proper to dig into
thefe lrd BOthlllS, but the bell
way is to 'rail'e the Earth upon

them to a due thleknel's in the?
Places the lrees are to be plant—ii Earth below to nourifh it.

 

P L

ed, or elfe to raife Hills of good
Earth to plant them on.
that thofe Trees, which are f0
planted, Will turn their Roots,
When they come. near either
the Clay, Chalk, or Gravel,
and fpread them in the Sur—
face, altho’ it be not above the
Thicknefs of two or three 111-
ches.

Mr. Bradley fays, the fureft
way to manage fuch Grounds
is to pare off all the Surface,
and to lay it for a due time to
mellow, and afterwards to lay
it in Beds upon the Clay, Chalk
or Gravel, and not to trench
any of them to much as one
Inch deep, and by this Method
of planting he has experienced
Trees to grow well, and are
not in Danger of decaying be-
fore their natural Time; VVherc-
as if Trees are cricornpaffed a-
bout with Earths contrary to
their Taite, they flarve them-
lelves into Diflempcts, and die.

1\/Ir. lVbitmi/ likewife obfcrvcs,
that the common Method of
plantingTrces againl‘t V Tails, that
is by planting the Trees fo near
the “fall, that every Part of the
Roots has not Room enough to

lfpread it felf, frequently caufes

them to decay in few Years; be-
caufc thofe next the Wall cannot
have fuffrcient Nouriflnnent, ex-
cept the Vine, which will draw
fume Nourifhment from the
Morter of the Wall, and the
Peach—{True which will {hoot
downright into the Earth; yet

even the Root of the Peach will

want Moil’turc in Summer and
will not always find a proper

The

For‘

a.” “at

 

i
ll,

lame . ...,.;§_

 

u .M‘abnw MM<fiw 3:

 

»‘7..

P L'

The Method he prefcribes is
to prepare - a Bed about four
Foot Wide, under fome well
expos’d Wall, and to plant the
Trees in the Middle of it, that

7:: the Roots may have the Benefit
'1 of two Foot of Earth on the

Wall Side ; this will afford
them Strength to {hoot equally
in every Part and preferve them
in Health.

But then, as it is probable, they
will be luxuriant; the Way to
cure this LuxurianCC and bring
them to bearng will be to fpread
the Shoots flat or horizontally, to
as to makea Covering‘for the Bed,
which perhaps may be two Foot
above the Earth ; and thefe
Shoots may be direéted by a
few Stakes and common Ar-
bour Poles. This Method may
be feen at Mr. Greening’s at
Bremford, and is reprefented by
a Copper Plate in Mr. Bradley’s
General Treatife for the Month
of April.

Tho’ Mr. H’bitmil prefcribes
this Method chiefly for Wall
Pear—Tracy, yet NIr. Bradley is
of Opinion, that the Method
would agree very well With c-
very Sort of Tree that is a vi-
gorous Shooter.

And whereas the Trees plant-
ed and trained according to hit.
li’laz'rmil’s Method fpread them—
felvcs, he direéts to nail up to
the \Vall all thofe Shoots that
are within Reach of it, and f0
doing, Will check the over F lux
of the Sap fiifliciently to bring
the Shoots to a bearing State,
if that were not done by the
fpreading of them on the Poles.

By fisllowing this Method 9.

PL

Wall of eight Foot high would
be fuflicient for thole Trees
which would otherwife, require
one of twelve or fixteen Foot
high, and be as advantageous
every way; for firfi of all that
Part of the Tree, which fprea‘ds
it felf over the Bed, may be
skreen’d from the Frofi While
it is in Blollbm, by covering it
with a Mat, and fo would pro-
duce Fruit, when perhaps the
other Part of the Tree, which is
nailed up againft the Wall, will
be damaged by Frofls or Blights.
In the fecond Place, the Reflee.
tion of the Wall will contribute
to the ripening of the Fruit,
which is upon the flat Part of
the Tree. Thirdly, The Fruits
will be well fed, by Reafon that
the Roots have the due Liberty
of the Earth, and in dry Sea-
fons will not be too much ex-
pofed to the Sun; and fourth—
ly, nothing elfe can grow upon
the fame Border, to rob the
Tree of its N ourifhment.

To plant ”/1111 Fruit-Trees.

Mr. Collim directs to dig the
Borders againlt Walls, at leaft
three Foot deep, and about four
Foot wide, and to take out the
natural Soil, all but what aril‘es
within half a Foot of the Sur-
face, which Earth is to be laid
by to help the Border, but to
carry away all that comes out
deeper than half a Foot, and
then to fill thefe Holes with fo
much Turf Mould, that is Turf
Mould for five or fix Inches
deep. The Border is to be ill:

 

l .N 4

his!

‘PL

led up with this Without any
Mixture of Dung, becaufe Dung
is apt to breed a Sort of yellow
Worm that in time will injure,

if not totally deflroy, the Roots

of What Trees foever {hall be

planted in it.

This Border. when it is fet-

tled, he would have lie about
four Inches higher than the
VValk.

As for the Time of planting
he looks upon Oc‘Eober the bell
Time, tho’ it may be done ei—
ther in November, December or
yanuary; but though thofe Trees
planted in the latter Months
will grow, yet being planted fo
late they will not have fo much
of the Winter to impregnate
that Quality in their Roots that
is necellary to their {hiking ear—
ly; f0 that they cannot be ex-
peéled to make either fo firong
or fo many Shoots as thole.

As for Peaches and Net‘Za-
rims he advifes to cut OPE all
but fix or feven ‘of the firong-
eft Roots, and to leave thefe at
as equal Dillances as ‘pofiible,
and about nine or ten Inches
long, and to fhorten the hairy
Fibres to two or three Inches,
and to ihorten by the half all
thofe that are not of that
Length.

To plant fix or feveu In-
"ehes deep in the Ground, and
the Bud direftly from the Wall,
and to cloi'e the Mould about
the Roots for three Inches thick,
prefiing it with the Hand pretty
hard, and with the Spade to
lay the Mould about an Inch or

two higher than the relt of the

P L

Ground, for the Compafs» of-
half 21 Yard from the Stock. -

As for the Difiance he thinks
about eighteen Foot may be a
proper one, and a Vine between
them. But flpricoekt he would
have planted at near or about
{even Yards Difiance, and the

high; and that Vines may be
planted to fill the Spaces be-
tween them.

He advifes to cover the Roots
of new planted Trees, and is
of Opinion, that new mown
Grafs laid for about three Quar~
ters of a Yard about the planted
Trees, will fecure them for the
firfl and feeond Year from being
injured by the Heat of the Sun :
But he would have this Grafs
chang’d two or three Times in a
Summer, to prevent any mouldy
Smell, or the breeding of nox—
ious Infeéts. And when the
Heat of the Summer is abated,
this may be taken away. .

Mr. Cook fays, it is not mix—
ing the Earth with other Plants
that will make them change in-
to fneh Plants as you mix
the Earth with, or make the
Plant alter to any Purpofe; for
the main Alteration of all Plants
is from their Seed; though it
may be that mixing fuch Plants
or Shavings with the Earth you
fow Seed in, may caufe them
to have fome Quality of the
phylieal ufe of that Plant in
them, as it is the Opinion of
the Learned, that the Miflctoe
on the Oak and Pct/ppm on
the Oa/l' and Elder, on the [Vi/-
low, €57}. do partake of the
. th'tlcul

 

Walls {hould be near five Yards '

Fri-«salve. ‘

- “MW:WM axe-ere":

”7., 44¢“, .A't,‘7;,t:w,-‘§5'L'

a
v’" tin»

P‘ r .
1’ ‘Rhyfical Qualitiesof thefe Plants
{they grow upon. ‘

59. _ REVERSE PLANTING.

DR flgricola tells us, That he
has made feveral Experi—
' nnents on the Branches of foreign
lTrees, as well Orange as Laurel ;
zwhich he perform’d after the
:Manner following : He firll
ifiripp’d the Branches of all the
leaves ; then he bent them and
fty’d them, drefs’d them With his
:noble Mummy, and planted them
ithe Reverfe‘ Way; to that no-
i thing was to be feen of all the
fBranches but the great Ends,
.and kept them during the Water
:in his Stove. _
He adds, That thofe who have
;a Mind to raife Trees this Way,
WhiCh he calls Mon/from Fruit-
'\Tree:, may raife flpplcr, Pearx,
' C berrier , Apricock; , Peaches ,
.flIzd/zt’rricr, [Valium-Treat, €956.
alfo Rafe - Tree: , Goojéberry-
fBu/ber , {9%. whiCh he di-
~reéts to do fomething more at
large, as follows: 7 Take thofe
Branches that are furnifh’d with
long Side-Branches or Twigs,
sand bend the Side-Twigs in the
i Joints towards the great Branches,
and tye them together with Bafs
or Packthread; then drefs them
.with Mummy, either with a
Brulh only near the Ligatnre,
, and here and there on the Joints,
0r dip them intirely into it :
TThen having made a deep Hole

P L

fatand well-fitted Earth. This
being done, the little Branches
will take‘Root in the Joints
every where; then the Buds will
begin to fhoot, f0 that you may
fee fifty or fixty or more Branches
fpring up, making an agreeable
as well as monflrous Figure.

Mr. Bradley makes mention
of a Lime-Tree in Holland},
which is now growing with
its firft Roots, in the Air, which
have fliot out Branches in great
Plenty, at the fame Time that
its firft Branches are turn.-
ed into Roots and fuccour the
Tree.-

But we have no need to go
['0 far as Leydm for a Proof of
this, finCC.l\/Ir. Faircbild of H0):-
ion has begun to put the fame in-
to Praétice; and he himfelf gives
Directions for performing it.

F irfl, To make Choice of a
young Tree of one Shoot, ei.
ther of fllder, Elm or Milo-ti),
or any other Tree that will take
Root-eafily by laying, and to
bend that Shoot gently down
the extream Part in the Earth,
and to let it remain till it has
taken Root, ['0 that the Plant
then will refemble an Arch or
bent Bow above the Ground.
\Vhen this Top end has Well

.flruck new ROOts, dig about

the firft Root, and rail'e it. gen-
tly out of the Ground till the
Stem inclines to an upright,
and flake it up, otherwife it

 

will incline to bend.

.% in the Ground, for the Branchesi Then prune thofe Roots that
,3 in the Reverfe SVay, to that no-i are ereé’ted in the Air, from the
3thing but the long End _of the lBruiles and XVounds, which they
iBranch appears above Glound,.received in being dug up, and

. . ,3 . l
3 the tell being cover’d With good, l do over With a Brufh me
' V . . .', I

 

FIG)“:

ed

P L

ed IParts with the following
Compofition moderately warm.

Four Ounces of Tallow,
four Ounces of Bees Wax, two
Ounces of Rofin, and two Oun-
ces of Turpentine, melted to-
gether in a Pipkin.
‘ After this prune of all 'the
Buds or Shoots that are upon
the Stem or Plant, and drefs the
Wound With the fame Com—
pofition, to prevent any colla-
teral Shootings, to fpoil the Beau-
ty of the Stem.
' Befides Care is to be taken
that the new growing Roots
of this reverfed Plant be well
nourifhed, and therefore that Part
of the Shoot, which Was the
larger, is to be cut away a lit-
tle below the Earth, that the
Stem may be better nourilhed,
and its Roors tranflated.

Bot/miflr give the following
‘Charaélerifiick Notes to the chief
Kinds of Plants, Herb: and
Flowers, or difpofe them under
the follOwing Claires : Annual,
.fljpertfoliom, Bacuferom, Bit/b»
0:15, Capitated, Compound, Flow-
ered, Corymlziferom, C u/r/ziferom,
Dipemlom, Hexapetalom, Imper-
féc‘Z, Legumimm, Il’Torzopeta/ozzr,
Mzt/tijz'li 110m, Pmtapctalom,Pcr—
maria], 330675127305, Po/ypcm/oz/r,
Pobfivermour , Ste/[1216, Tetra-
pctalom, Tripetalom, Mafia/1;)“—
rrwr, Vertici/latc, Umbc/lzfi’rom,
69%. which I fhall nor meddle
with any further in this Place;
they being explain’d and to be
found in their proper Places A1-
phabetieally.

60. PLASTICK:

L ASTIC K Power, is a
. Term us‘d to caprel‘s the

 

P L'
Faculty of Generation or VCng
tation.

6!. The PLATANUS.

T H E P14141111: is a very beau- ~

tit‘ul Tree, grows very welLl'
in England, loves a moifi Soil,
is rais’d by Seed: 0r Layers ;,is a k'
fine Tree for Walks, and when r
they are trani‘planted they lhould
be well watered.

6 2.. P L U M E.
.LUME, is a Name given 1'

by Bot/mi/lr to that Part of
the Seed of a Plant, which in its
Growth becomes the Trunk :
It is inelos’d in two fmall Ca-
vities form’d in the Lobes for
its Reception, and is divided at
its loofe End into divers Pieces,
all clol‘ely bound together like a ‘
Bunch ofl Feathers : And thence
it takes its Name of Plumzz in
Latin, which lignifies a Pea;-
ther.

63. PLUM—TREE.

Plum; 'w/yemc they came.

HEY are fluid to hme been

at firll brought out of firms-
m}: and Syria, but chiefly from
l);m‘2:gfc:.ar, which is about the
Latitude of forty two.

The Plum is a valuable Fruit,-
and afiords us great Varie:ies,
either for eating raw, b.ilt’ti, or
in Sweet—Meats. “”0 are ‘ur-
nilh’d with them from 3:11, till
the End of OL‘Zabcr; burafter
that Time they do not ripen
well, the Sun having too little

.Infiueuee on them.

Y .
_. 1 'v/ 1:
I u quip);

.

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Marion: Kinds.) The ‘Apri—
cork-plums, they are of feveral
Sorts; the white Sort, which is
large, round, and of an extraor-
dinary rich Flavour, and is ac-
counted one of the bell Plums :
The red, this is like the Impe—
rial—plum, is larger than the fol—
lowing, and has the Flavour of
an Apricoeh. The yellow, Which
is large and long, but'not f0
large as the former, having a dry
F leih.

2. The Apricot 34am, is a large
Plum, is almoft round and well
powdered; is of a yellow Colour
within and Without, like an A-

ricoch; it ripens late, but is
one of the belt Plums. Thefe
all part from the Stone.

3. The Brun'rziolle- plum, is a
fort of Perdrigon; has a yellow
Flefli, is good raw, dry’d, or in
Sweet-meats.

4. The Bull-plum, is a large,
long Plum, of a hrowm' red;
it comes early, and bears well,
but is not to much to be com-
mended for eating raw, but
bakes well, and makes good
Sweet-meats, but does not part
from the Stone.

5. The Cherry-plum is of
two Sorts, red arid white; they
are well tailed, come early, part
from the Stone, like the Dflmm'lt-
flaw ; are rais’d by Offsets, and
the Stone, and bear well With-
out Grafting.

6. The St. Caiherirze-plzlm, is
a white, large Fruit, and more
large and flat than long; it ri—
pens late, but has the fWCCtCfi
Juice, is good to eat raw, but
rarely leaves the Stone. It dries
Well, and is apt to dry even up-

 

? L.
on the Tree. This Kind comes
better by a Sucker than from
Grafting. ' I

7. ' The Catalonia}: ~plztm, is a,
large, white, very forward Fruit,
but does not leave the Stone : It
is a Wilding, and bears Well
Without Grafting.

8. The St. Cyr—plum, is a ltlaeh
Damarh, and early ripe ; the
Juice is pleafant. It quits the
Stone, and may be rais’d from
Sachem. ‘

9. The Cloth of Gold-plum, is
a yellow Damask, fireak’d with
red, is a fine Fruit, of an excel-
lent Juice, and quits the Stone
well.

IO. The Cork: Kidney-191nm,
is a finall white Fruit, fireak’d
with red; a little longiih, and in
the Shape of a Kidney : It does
not quit the Stone; it ripens late.
The Tree is a great Bearer.

Damask-plum: are of feveral
Sorts ; red, white and of a violet
Colour: They are all very good,
and quit the Stone. They have
arich, fugar’d Juice. The real
and white are round and finall,
and the violet is fomething larger
and longer. '

1 I. The great hlach, early Da-
mask-plum, is accounted one of,
the belt ; has a yellow Flefn, and
leaves the Stone dry. ' This
ought to be grafted and planted
againi’t a \Vall, being apt to drop
its Fruit in the open Air.

12. The little hlach Da‘mmh—
plztm, is a good Plum, early-ripe,
is a great Bearer ; may be rais’d
either from Sucker: or the Stone,
and need not be grafted.

«13. The Italian Damarh-plum,
is a large, early, ripe Fruit, Of

' a

P [I
a Wide: Colour; has an excellent
fweet Juice, quits the Stone, is
One of the bell: Plumr, is not
very common, and is fubjeét to
run.

There are feveral Sorts of De-
mar/i—plumr, which come later
than the others, and are fome-
thing more rare. -

14.. The Mmk’rl Dammit-plum,

is black, and very much powdered,
rather flat than round. It has a
particular rich Talie, and may be
numbred among the belt Plum! :
It is call’d the Cypre/i or Mart/Jez-
plum.
' I 5. The Orange Damark-plam
is fomething like the little [Wim-
EelIe-plum, in that the Stones are
much alike, 1'. e. of a longiih
Make, and fmall. The Fruit is
fireak’d With red.

16. The great, green Damask-
plum, is always of a green Co-
lour, and round, has an extraor-
dinary rich Flavour: When it is
ripe, it quits the Stone.

17. The. finall green Dama’rk-
plzem, is always green when it is
ripe ; makes excellent Sweets
meats, and the Tree is a good
Bearer.

18. The Twin Damark-p/zzm;
the Fruit always comes double,
is pretty large and long, very
much powdered, is of a fweet
Water ; and is very rare.

19. The Spam/b Damzzri-p/zem
is of two Kinds ;one is quite
round, and the Other a little
longilh ; they are both Mack, and.
come a little late, but they open
well, and are very good. I

2.0. The red Spem'j/J Dar/2.1M-

 

plum is large, round, very much
powdered, is not to high 11;?

PL

vour’d as the orhers; it readily *
quits the Stone. The Tree is
very beautiful, and an admirable
Bearer.

2!. The late white Der-mark,
is rather flat than round, has a
very fweet Juice: The Stone
parts ealily, like other Damask.

2.2. The Damafguime, is a
large white Damask-plane, fireak’d
with red; it is in Shape rather
long than round, is very flelhy ;
it ripens pretty late, but is ac:
counted one of the fairel’t and
belt Plume.

2.3. The late, large, violet Da-
metri-plum, is a very good Fruit,
ripens late, and quits the Stone.

24. The great, red Dam/mi-
plum of Tomi, is a good tailed
Fruit ; ripens late, quits the
Stone, and holds in Eating a~
mong the lal‘t Plums.

as. The lateit, great, Mae/é
DamaJk-Plum, is not very high-
flavour’d; the Fruit is however
beautiful, and laits a great while,
but it does not part freely from
the Stone.

2.6. The taeen C/szizz-plzzm,
is alfo a fort of large, wlaite De-
mzzrk, almoli round ; its Flelh is
firm and thick, its Juice is richly
l'ugar’d ; it quits the Stone, and
ripens pretty late, but is highly
elieem’d.

27. The Dare-plum, is a fort
OF late Imperial ; there are two
Sorts of it, the 1!:er and the
red; the Flefh is firm, they are
good either raw or dry’d : They-
keep a long while ripe upon the
Tree, and open very well.

28. The D.ziit’/c—plztr/1, is Of
two Sorts; the one 'w/‘ife, long
and narrow _; the leii‘er of a :11?»

P L
let Colour, and lhorter; they
are of an excellent Talle, and
open well.

2.9. The Diaper-plum; there
are fix Sorts of it ; the red,
which is large, round, and ex-
tremely well tailed ; it dries alfo
Very well. If it be propagated
from Suckers, it will. bear abun-
dantly; but if it be grafted, it
will bear the larger Fruit.

30. The violet Diaper-plum,
which is along Plum, and very
much powder’d, is one of the
bell Plum, quits the Stone well,
is early ripe, and the Tree is a
good Bearer.

31. The white Diaper-plum,
is a pretty large Fruit, greeuiflj,
the F lefh is yellow, and of a
fugar’d Juice; quits the Stone
well, like the violet Diaper-
Plum.

32. The Emprefi-plum, is a
large, round Damask-plum, of a
Z‘lolct Colour, very much pow~
dered; the F Ielh is yellow, and
very agreeable. The Tree is a
good Beater, and ripens one of
the latel‘t. '

33. The Imperial-plain is of
four Sorts ; the white, the red,
the Hoe/E and the late.

34. The red Imperial-plain is
large, long and very much pow—
der’d. It is a good Fruit, either
for eating raw, or drying in an
Oven.

35. The white Imperial—plane
is of the fame Size and Shape as
the red, but is not f0 good, be-
ing fome Years meelly and dry.

36. The Heck anerial I’lzzm,
is a good Fruit, and quits the
Stone freely.

 

the 1m aria/.— lam ' but its Flelh
’ 4 .

P L

31. The late Imperial Plant;
is a good Fruit, very much pow.-
dered, and is the biggefi and belt
of them. The Tree is a very
good Bearer, and will hit till-
towards the End of Oélooer.

38. The yerufizlem-Plzzm, is a
very large Fruit, of a oro-wm'
violet Colour, unequal in its
Shape, very much powdered,
but does not leave the Stone. It
is better to pleafe the Sight than
the Palate, to be eaten raw.

39. The Il'vert-plum, is a long,
narrow Fruit, is always green,
does not quit the Stone; but
makes good Sweet-meats. There
is alfo a red Sort of it, which is
not ['0 much in Efieem ; becaufe
its Flefh, which is yellow, grows
red by fiewing or baking. ‘

40. The Mangeron-plum, is a.
fine, large Demos/t —plztm, of a.
violet Colour, is round in Form,
opens well ; it has a particular
Tafle, much to be admired.

4!. The Minion—plum, is a.
pretty large, long Fruit, winz‘te
fireak’d With red; the Flefh is
delicate, its Water very fweet,
it opens well. The Tree is a.
good Bearer, and the Fruit will
hang a long Time ripe upon it. .

42. The Miméel/e—plzrm, is a.
fmall Sort of white Dammit ; it
is well tailed, has a muslt’d 1713.4
vour, parts ealily from the Stone,
and makes an excellent Sweet;
meat. There are two Sorts of
it, the large and the finall, both
of equal Goodnefs. ' ,

4;. The ()x-‘beflfl‘eplztm, is of
the largell Sort; the Skin is reel,
and the lilefn very )el/o'w; it is
half as long and as big again as

19

‘ P L
is not [‘0 folid; it quits the Stone
freely. _

4.4,. The Perdrigon-plum, is of
feveral Sorts ; the W/aite, which
is. large and longifh, and is a
good Fruit, either raw or in
Sweet-meats.

4.5. The [7146}: Perdrigon,
which is :1 lefs Fruit than the o-
ther, has a fine, very fiugular
Flavour, but does not quit the
Stone. The Tree is a good
Bearer. .

46. The red and violet-Per-
drigon, Whole Fleih is firm, and
their Juice extremely rich. They
do not quit the Stone, but are in
high Efieem for Sweet—meats, or
to be eaten raw.

47; The late 'violet Perdrigon,

,is a good Fruit, almol‘t round,
has a rich Juice, is eaten in Oc‘Zo—
ber, and quits the-Stone.
, The Norman Perdrigon—plum,
i§\a pretty large, roundifli Fruit,
of a ézlui/Iy red Colour ; is very
much powder’d, quits the Stone,
but comes a little late. The Tree
is a good Bearer.

49. The Nantoit Perdrigoir, is
a large, red Banzai/«plum, of a
long Make, like the Dzzfe—plztm,
but nOt to much pointed; comes
late, will keep upon the Trees
fometimes till the hard Frolls
begin.

50. The Pidgeon’r—Zwart—plztm
takes its Name from its Shape :
It is black, and of a moderate
Size, is well tufted, keeps well
upon the Tree from the End of
September to the End of ()c‘lyler.
The Tree is a good Bearer.

51. The PelviriJfi—plmn, is a
white, large and longilh Fruit, is

.fomewhat like % tul‘il‘e Impe—

 

P L
rial, but much better; it opens '2
well. There is alfo another, 0F ':
a adoletColour, pretty large, and l
almol‘t fhap’d like the St. Cat/9e; -
rim; ‘very much powder’d : The :
Flefh is yellow, and very well ‘
tailed; but is one of the latelt
Plums. .

52. The Switzerr-plum, is in
Shape fomething like the Impe-
rial, but narrower, longer and a
little pointed: It is of a trio/et-
Colour, quits the Stone, comes
late, but ripens well.

5'5. The [Malian-plum, is a
fair, large Fruit, ot‘a brow” trio/c2:
Colour, very much dufied, opens
pretty well, but ripens fomething
late.

54. The Royal-plum, is a
large, fair, round Fruit, of a
bright red Colour; it is very
much powder’d, is well tailed,
has a long Stalk, and is one of
the belt Plums.

55. The Supreme-plum, is one
of the largeil Fruits; of along
Make, is white fireak’d with red;
it does not quit the Stone. The
Fruit comes late, and the Tree
has a large Leaf.

56. The Trgmfparcnt-plztm. It

,has this Name given it, becaufe
git‘ it‘be held to the Sun, it may
Lbe fo feen through, as to difeo-

ver the Stone 2 It is a haudfome,
large Fruit, long and white, very
good, and quits the Stone. It is
very rare.

57. The large ’Z’lO/é’t Damask-
plum, is a long Plum, well pow:
dered, and is very much el‘teem’d
for its Goodnefs, Lafiing, and
the Tree being a good Bearer.

58. The frigifliare-plum, is a

 

Ikind of large, white Deli/7111A,“-

p/zmz ;

l

r L _

1! plum; it quits the Stone, and is
3 one of the beit Plumr.

59. The Plum without a Stone,
3 is a {mall black Fruit, ihap’d like.
3 a Heart, opens well, but has on-
-I ly a Kernel within-tide, It is a
El Rarity, but not very pleafant to
l the Talie.

The French Author, that gives
:us this Catalogue, recommends
t the Oflfett of the black Damask,
.: and St. yulian—plumr, as the belt
.5 Stocks to be fer in the N urfery
l for Grafting ; becaufe their Sap
i is fweeter than that of other
L Plum - Trees, which are ufually
3 too {harp for Grafts to take upon.
i He means, not thofe Grafts that
: are in the Bad, but thofe in the
J Cleft.

He accounts the St. 1721;)»: the
't furefi for Budding upon ; the
[ Fruit which is grafted upon it
. being more melting than thofe
' which are grafted upon other
3 Stocks; whereas the Juice of

the black Damm‘h is drier, and

: therefore the Bud is not f0 pro—
per for it.

,...

hIr. Mortimer gives us this
Catalogue.

The firfl ripe] The Violet,

. Red, Blue and Amber-plum, the

flprieocbplum, the BarharJv-plum,

‘ the Cirmrzmon -plz¢m, the Black

Dzzmafcen-plum, the Lady Eliza-

hez’h'J—pllem, the Kihg’r-p/um, the

fltheh/efx-plam, the Great lilo-

i gal—plum, the liloroceo—plum, the

Illirahellah-plizm, the Red, Blm

>. and Amber Promordiim, the Spy-

hi/h-plzzm, the Tax-wire}. To thefc
fucceed,

 

P L'

The great Anthony-plum, the‘
Bole-plum, the Bonum magnum,
a fair yellowi/h green Fruit, ex-
cellent both for the Kitchen
and Confervatory. The Cata-
Ionian-plum? which is much like
the Mufcle-plum, The Che/ion-
plum, the Damafco-plzzm, the
white, yellow and red Date‘
plumt, the Denny-plum, the Di-
apered—plum, the Fotheringham-
plum, the Grand—flaw, the Im-
perial-plum, one of the largeft
Sorts ; the yum-plum, the Latt-
reme-plttm, an ill tafied Fruit;
the flIarhle and hlue Marhle-
plum, the Mufele-plnm, the. Nut-
meg-plum, the Peach—plum, the
green, red and white Pefeod-plzzm,
the hlaek, red and white Pear“-
plum, the hlzte green and white
Perdrigom, the Primer-plum, the
[214th and white Przmella-plum,
the Qheen’: [Mother—plum, one of
the belt Sorts ; the Qflerlyplum,
the Turkey—plum and the V erdotl’,
which is fit for preferving.

Beiides, he reckons the follow- ‘
ing all curious and well tafied
Fruit.

The flmher—plttm, the Becket-
plzzm, the C athalich-pltzm, the C r}-
flal—plum, the FryarJ—plttm, the
the Graft-plum, the white [the];
ale—plum, the. French white Nat-
meg-plum, the white Prime/la—
plum, the Turkey-plum.

Of Damaftem there are tWO
Sorts, the black and the white;
of Bail/ate, the white and the
alach; the white are good for
:atiz‘ig in Ofloher and Nowemher;
the black are good for Kitchen
Ufes in Deremher; they com-
monly hanging,r on the Trees till

Chriflmefl.
And

PL ..

.Aud 'alfo "a C omelz'zm- plum,
or rather C/oerr'yzr This Fruit
may be increafed by Layerr, and
fometimes by Slip: or Bram/m,
or by Stoner; but they Will fome-
times lie a Year in the Ground
before they come up.

The following Plum: Mr.
Laurence accounts deferving the
the belt Walls; the Imperial-
pEor, and the Mae and white Per-
drigom.

And thefe following for
Dwarfs and Standards, 0r North-
Eez/i or North-Weft Walls.

The white Bonum magnum For
baking, the Damafoen, the Drop
of Gold, 21 yellow Ruflet, the Fo-
toering, a good Bearer, the Muf-
cIe-p/um, the Orleans, the Per-
a'rzgorz, blue and white very good,
the Pear-plum, the ueen’: Mo-
tiger, the Le-Royal, the bell Plum
that grows, but a bad Bearer,
the Violet.

He fays, that Plums, if the
Stocks be any thing vigorous,
fcarce ever fail to anfwer Ex-
peé‘tiuion, if they be budded;
and there is one Advantage in it
more than can be had in Graft—
ing, that you may pretty furely
inoculate any Plum on a Dem-
fire or wild Plum-Stock ; where—
as if you graft it on it, it will be
fure to fail,

But you mull always have
regard to the general Rule, not
only as to thefe but all other
Stocks ; that it‘ the Sap does not
run well, i. e. if the Bark does
not readily part from the Wood
of the Stock, by the Help of
the Penknit‘e, it is in vain to
hope for Succet‘s,

P L

Monf. Gemil fays, Plume
ought to be prun’d long, and in
Feorzmr .

Plum-flock: bow raifedj Mr.
Mortimer fays, Plum-flack: may
be rais’d from Sucker: as Well as‘
from Stone: ; and the fame Way,
hi2” by cutting down an old
Plum — Tree, in March, Within
two Inches of the Ground, and
this will caufe a Multitude of
Sucker: to tile from the Roots:
When they are grown to the
Height of half :1 Yard, cover
them a Foot thick with good
Earth, and water them in dry
Times: In the Winter when
they have put forth Roots, tea

 

move them into the 'Nurfery,
land in a Year or two they will
‘be ready to inoculate or graft. _

You mutt have Regard to the
Kinds from whence they pro;
ceed, becaufe of the Sorts you
graft or inoculate upon.

Mr. Bradley advifes, about
Septeméer to make a Plantation
of Sucker: taken from the Roots
of the Mzzfrle ~Plzmz, the black
Dammk - Plum, and the white
Pear-plum ; which are good to
inoculate Apricockr, Neélarine:
and Perle/Jet 01].

Fruit ihould be fown quickly
after gathered; for if they be
kept long after, they will be two
Years before they come up: If
they have not all the Moii’ture
of the Winter to rot their Shells;

SCC Arztrfery.

The 126/} Stock:.] The bell
Stocks to be fet in the Nurfery‘
to graft P110715 011, Mr. Brad/{y
elleems the Oti‘sets of the black

Domain"

 

Mr. Mortimer fays, all Stone- ‘

T5

the Kernel will not come up. ~

P I;
Demask and the St. yum», the
Sap of which is fweeter than
that of other Plum-Trees, Whofe
Sap is for the molt part too
{harp for Grafts, to take upon,
that is fuch as are grafted in
the Clift, and not in the Bud.
Tho’ the St. arm» is the furelt
to bud upOn, and the Fruit
grafted upon it more melting
than that of fuch as are grafted
upon other Stocks ; yet the
Juice of the black Damark is dri-
er, and therefore the Bud is not
f0 proper for it.
The 3017.] Plum! delight in
_a Soil that is rather dry than
r wet, and that inclines more to
, Sand than Clay; and of all Sands
z the black Sand'is beft for them;
“. they come to beating fooner,
: and bear better; and the Fruit
_ is extreamly well tal’ted.
Plum: may be planted either
E in Standards, Dwarfs, or againlt
VValls; but the blue Perdrigon
' mutt always {land againft a
Wall, to prevent it from flied-
) ding its Fruit, which in the

PL

Size, Ought to be left almo‘
intire, that the Tree may come
to hearing foon; CprCially if
Plum-Treer are planted in a fiifl“,
heavy Soil, in which they are
apt to {hoot too much and bear
too little, then you mutt leave
the Shoots very long; beeaufe
if you {hould prune them lhort,
it would make them {hoot in
a rambling Manner, Or elfe make
them fubjeét to Diflempers

If, the Plum - Tree :is planted
in :1 Clay or wet Soil, then
prune it as little as may be;
for thefe Fruits that are inclin-
ed to Gum (as the Plum-Tree '
is,) ought to be wounded as lit«
tle as is pofiible ; for Plum-
Tree: are very fubjeét to can-
ker, and by that Means the
whole Sap will become dif-
tempered.

Standard-plums ought to be
let alone to {hoot at theirPlea-
fure: you need only to take
care to take out the falfe Wood
and remove the Suckers from
them. The falfe Wood may

 

’1 free Air it is :pt to do,

This Plum delights rather in the
‘i tiling Sun, than one full Suzi/9,:
l becaufe a full Sow/J Sun dries;
iits Fruit too much, and cauf~
2 es it to fall as foon as it is
t fet.

14! to pruning Pitt/45.] In this
.‘1 part of Culture he advifes to
, have a great Regard to the
’ Strength and Weaknefs of-the
f Trees, and according to their
‘2? Strength, to leave upon them
it more or lefs Wood.

The large fhoots ought to be,

:5 left of a good Length, and the

be eaiily difiinguilhed from the
refl, in that it is long, thin, and
of a greem'fl] Colour.

‘Ifa‘w to recover decayed Plum-
Treer.] When they begin to
decay and lofe their Shoots,
they muft be cut down, a 1it~
tle above the Graft, and ifthat
be done they will the fecond
Year fpring again with Strength,
and bear Fruit.

If they be wildings, fnch as
the Damask, St. Cat/aerifle, Ro-
cbeca‘rém, {9%. you may leave
a few of the Sucker: about their
Roots; but you muft not leave

 

lEShoots which are of a middle
VOL. II.

too many, for fear ot'lelfening
O the

P L

the old Roots, becaufe every
one of the Sucker: will draw
from it, and impoverilh it, till
it ’ is quite flarvcd.

E Mr. Bradley advifes, that if
Plums be planted in a firong
Ground, which makes fome
Plum: to run into Wood, that
they (thofe Plum: that will do
Without Walls) be twitted a-
bout a Set of Poles, as is di—
reéted for Pear; and Peat/oer,
according to Mr. Heron’s Ex-
periment; for the bending of
the Shoots will .eheck the Sap,
and caufe them to come to bear-
ing, without pruning, and then
they will not be fo fubjeet to
the Gum, ,or to fpoil. ,

Mr. Col/int fays, Plum: are
to be planted, as Apnoea, Nec-
tarine: and Peacbc: are.

T/Je H/inter przmiflg of Urn/[-

lama] He advifes ,to let the

tees grow two or three Years
without pruning, bec'aui‘e the
Roots will have attained Strength
by that Time. And when they
.are at that Age to cut them
down, not leaving above fix or
feven Shoots ; and thofe, fuch
as have their Eyes or Buds
firm to the Length of fix Inches ;
and to nail thet'e apart at equal
Difiances, in the Shape of other
Wall-Trees, 2'. e. in the Form
of a Fan. E _

For tho’ fome Perfons may
be unwilling to part with to
much of their young Trees, yet
they will be made amends by
the young Shoots of the next
Year, when they will, perhaps,
put forth between twenty and
thirty Shoots, out of which the
belt and molt middle liz’d \Vood

 

may be chofen, and fo be laid '
at equal Difiances, and limit
Wood about five Inches afunder, 4‘
and probably between four and ,
five Foot long. ' "

Thefe Shoots fhould not be
flapped at their Ends for that :
Year; and as they grow older .
you fhould cherifh the weakeft
of them by leaving their Knots
thinner, that they may grow an—-
fwerable to the refl.

In a little Time you will find
that though Boughs of between 5
three and {our Foot long from
the Bottom of the Tree, may ,
at length maintain their Diftanee, 3'
yet the Tree will have Oecafion g
for more Shoots to continue that i
Difiance, when it arrives to a;

if

 

. r "afiféfi‘aw

 

greater Height on the Wall ;. 7
and at that Time all the other ,
Shoors, for about twelve or four-f”
teen, in the Form of the Tree,
ought to be {hortned 9. Foot,
and by that Means it will throw
out double Shoots to fupply the
Dillance, and f0 on till it is;
come to the Top of the Wall.

You mull alfo take Notice,
that you are not any Time E,-
to {horten any Shoots on eachi
fide the Trees within three Foot ::
or more from the Ground; nori
muff you let them run forked,.E
becauie the Sap rifes the 'moft 5‘
freely towards the middle of the
Trees; and therefore if you at
any Time cut the tide Shoots
near their Ends, in order to eaufe
them to put forth double, they
will not maintain to much as
one good tingle Shoot, nor keep
their Length proportionably to,
the upper part of the Tree.

    

, a.
(TI.

Though

P L’

Though it is the common
Praétice to perform this ”72%—
ter: pruniizg either at the latter
End of jammry or in February,
yet Mr. Collin: is of Opinion,
the later Plum—Treer, my other
Trees in general, excepting Vines,

:: the better it will be for them,

.——V \

M

provided the pruning does not
hurt the Blofforn; .the Reafon
he gives is becaufe fome of the
weak Knots of the Wood will
be fubjeét to decay by the Seve-
rity ot‘ the Winter.

When the firit Shoots, which

. are defigned for Knots are prun-

ed, they ought not to be left

; above two Inches long, becaufe

saw

P1

other Shoots will proceed from
them which willmake the Knors
larger; and afterwards the Shoots

z mufi not be left above an Inch
. and half, or two Inches long at

. Mu»

pruning; and this being done,

a it will in Time bring the Knots

.fix or feven Inches from the

. Wall. '

The blowing Wood may be

;: difiinguifhed by the thiekefl Buds,

r-’

for thofe which are defigncd for

I Leaves grow more (harp. Thofe

rthickefi Buds, if they are not

r of an unfightly Length, mufi be

2 left on.

All Wood, which does not

‘ come dire€tly forward, muft be
: cut ofl'elofe; becaufe the Lines

of thefc Trees being laid at the
lDifiance of five Inches , the

’f Wall will be f0 crowded by

,

:thofe Shoots that put forth on

i: either Side of a Branch, that

r“
A

:the Sun will not have free Ac—

azcefs to the Fruit, to ripen it:
1‘: And there Will be alfo anorher
{I Inconveniencc befides, that there

P L‘
being fo‘ many Knots, the Bran-
ches will not {hoot f0 vigorouf-
ly~at their extream Parts, not
form (‘0 beautiful and large a
fTree in the film? Number Of
Years.

It may fo happen, that form
of the regular Knots may fail
in Time; if they do, they mull;
be cut off, but then you muff
be fure to take Care to leave
them near a Quarter of an Inch
at the Body of the Branch. And
at this Place it will generally
put forth again, and by that
means furnifh you with a new
Knot. .

As foon as thereis a Certain-
ty that the Plum: will (land,
that is, when they are arrived at
about half their Growth, you
muff take Care to thin them;
as well as other Stone-Frait,
or elfe they Will injure the
Weaker Branches and Knots,
and then they will bear but eve—
ry other Year.

If the Head of a Plum-Tree
ihould grow larger than the
Stock, you melt Open the Stock
With a {harp Penknife and 21
Ready Hand, to half its Depth,
as near as you can guefs.

7776’ Symmer pmziflg. ] About
a Fortnight before [lfidfzzm‘
,mer, you mufi take out the
rough and firongeft Shoots of
Plum—Treat, at the Bottom of
their Knots, all over the Trees,
nay, even all Shoots, except it
be thofe that are defigned for
Knors, and you muft cut them
'even with the Face of the
Tree. . . .

- Then nail up fuch Shoots Which‘
iconic from the extream Parts.
0 z '

 

P_-E

of‘the Branches, left they break
0 . . ‘

. ‘And you mutt prune off the

Opv’Qf‘ the Tree, as far from ‘

the Wall as the Face of the Tree
was left at the anter pruning;
and thofe where the Knots, or
Fruit come thick, mull be thor-
teued to give Light to the
Fruit.

Of trairzirzg up Plum-Tree: in
Hedger. ] The Manner of plant-
ing Hedge-plum: is the fame as of
Hedge-pears, only the Diflance
need not be to great, but at a-
bout fourteen or fifteen Foot.
When they are planted, you
fhould cut them down to fix In-
ches each Shoot, and when you
have done that you are to let
them run 'double Shoots at the
Ends, till one is produced flrong
enough, that the other may be
taken away ; for the Wood of
the Plum—Tree is more fubjeét
to blait than that of the Pear-

rce. I

There is alfo the fame Rea-
fon for leaving more Knots, yet
they mul‘t not be left in Cluf—
ters.

The Knots of thefe as well as
OF Hedge Pear-Trees muff throw
out on each Side, and it may
be convenient to plant fome
few Trees to fupply thefe Het-
ges, if any of them fhould hap—
pen to ‘be kill’d.

Thefe Trees, IV’Ir Col/int ad-
vifes to fer in Baskets, which
in a Year or two may be taken
up with the Earth about them,
as wide and” deep, as the Roots

excend.

a

 

153

64. T/ae Virginian POKE, or; '

JALop-TREE, of Carolina.

T

every Writer, and rifes a-

gain in the Spring, to the Height ' .
The .

Pigeons and other Birds are ve- ‘
ry greedy of the Berries of this »
See yalop-Trec of Caro- .

of eight or ten Foot.

Plant.
lint-z, under Letter] ; and there
in the Paragraph, Way (if/Propa-
gatiofl, read not Elfler-berrier,

but inflead thereof, read, It is to

be rais’d from the Berries, Es’c.

65. POLYANTHOS.

P a Plant that brings many
Flowers. .

66. POLYANTHOS.

Various Kinda] T

Primrofe Kind.

They are diftinguifh’d again

by the Names ot‘J/frzg/e-fio‘zlvering,
and‘ dzw/z/cwfiowermg, Hofe m
Hof")
The Colours of the jingle-flow-

ering are ChiCfiy red, white, PW- ,

pic, tel/011', lbinetirnes violet Co-

lour, and frequently variegated:

in their Flowers.
The double Kinds,

H I 8 Plant dies to the Root

0LTANTHO& @mme

HERE are,
various forts ,
of this Plant, which are gene?
rally diflributed into two Clafiés,
viz. the Cow/lip Kind, and the ,

Pcrzm/uom and Featbcrr.;

\

are the ‘

 

.mav

(cult/v: C 0115/7517, the doe/He Prim- :

raj}, the c.1035]: red Primrofe, the
double Paper (in-bite Primroe ;

the Blotlbtns of all which are ,

full

P O P O.
1 full of Petalr, or Flower- that Time, even when they are
.i Leaves. ' in Flower.
.Mr. Bradley fays, The H0fi',! The Primrofl: Kind of thefe
4: ix Haj? Kind, has its BlolToms yPlants blolfoxn clofe to the
a one in another without Cafes. iGround; and the Cow/lip Kind
_ The Pentaloom have greenfabout fix Inches high.
I Leaves about their Blofl'oms,! He advifes thol‘e- who would
I which are fometimes variegated 'have this Plant in Perfection, to
r with the fame Colours of theifow them every Yecr, and to
[ Flowers they encompafs. trant‘plant them frequently; for
The Feat/yer: feem to have [that he has found by Experience,

lbeen at firfi defign’d by Naturetthat thofe Polymer/Jo: thatmhe
it for Hofe in Hofe, and have their ihas cultivated, begin to lofe the
[ lofI‘oms f0 fplit and curI’d'Beauty of their Colours, if he
1 that they fomething refemble let them Rand two Years with-
[ Bunches ofFeathers. out Parting , and even then
Of thefe there are allb many would decline.
’ Varieties :
”fay of here/(fin . The Me-
I thod of multiplying tJhefe Plants, 67' POLYPETALOUS'
“i is by Seed: fown in February, . .
l upon a Bed prepar’d with Earth P0 L TPETA L 0 U 5 Flow-
ttakcn out of old, decay’d, hol- 6N. are filCh as COMM Of
’1 low 14' ’z'llowr. many Leaves.
The Seed: being fown, they _ .
e are frequently to be refrelh’d 68. POLYPYRENEUS-

r with W ater, and are to be kept
lhaded from the Sun all flpril _
‘ and Illa}, till the Plants ap- 0LTP TRENEUS Frmtr,

rpear above Ground. are fueh of either Trees or
In the 391/}; or flagufl fol- Herbs as contain two or more
i lowing , the Seedling Plants Kernels or Seeds within them.
r will be fit to tranfplant into
I BCdS' . . 69. POLYSPERMOUS.
They require a 8011 form:-
: what Binding, and to be expos’d
l to the Morning—Sun ; and then 0 LTSPER MO US plant:
:they will bloflbm the Marc/a are fuch Herbs or Plants
or April following. that have at leait more than four
Thefe Plants are alfo to be Seeds in each Flower.
st multiply’d , by parting their
I Roors in Au :1 . . ‘_ v
This Tirrige/er. Bad/3y ac— 70" POMEGRAXATE TR"E'
:counts a much better Seafon
ifor doing that Viork, than the Daft-riprz'qmj THE Pomegi’ar
1; ,an‘rzg ; tho’ it may be done at nafe — Tree is

i .0 3 Elm»

M

 

 

’I’ 0

thus defcrib’d by Monf. Liger:
It is a Shrub, which from its
Root ih‘oots forth a Trunk,
which divides into feveral Bran-
ches, garnifh’d with finall Leaves,
and guarded with fome Prickles;
the Leaves are of a realm/17 Co-
lour, roundilh and oblong. At
the End of thefe Branches grow
fair, large Flowers, compos’d of
feveral Leaves after the Manner
of‘Rofes, and of a beautiful red.
When thefe Flowers are gone
off, (which does not happen to
the Flower-pomegranate ) :1 Fruit
fucceeds, which grows as big as
an Apple, which ( according to
Mr. Tonrncfort) is adorn’d With
a Crowanorm’d by the Incifi—
0115 or Notches of the upper
Part of the Cup. This Fruit has
a very hard Rind, of a darl‘ red-
a’i/lo Colour on the Outfide, and
yellow Within, where are feveral
little Cells, containing Seeds
heap’d upon one another, and
cover’d with a maxi/72 Pulp, very
pleafant to the Talie.

Various Kindr.] NIL Bradley
fays, we know two Sorts of
this Plant, that with the finglc
Flower, and that which bears'a
doable BltL/fom. The Bloifoms
of each of them are of a molt
beautiful Scarlet Colour, and the
lingle ones fetting frequently for
Fruit, and fometim‘es ripening
with us. They‘ love a light Soil,4

 

are propagated by laying down
the young Shoots in Miro/J; and
may be tranfplanted either in the!

spring or Ava/ma Seafon; andl,

:5er 5, m

P O I

Monf, Liger fays, There are g,
four different Sorts of Pomegra- f'
nate: : The Pomegranate With 3:
the doaéle Flower, the fvariegateaf 5

Pomegranates, or with tufted ;

Blolfoms of various Colours, the *
American Pomegranate, and the I
Fruit-nearing Pomegranate.

The three firi’t are prefer’d to f
the 1119:, for the beautiful Flow. ,1:
ers, which are very ornamental i
in Parterrer. ' . ' ‘

The Fruit-bearing Pomegranate
Will thrive very well in the open ‘
Ground; but the other three are :.
more

 

Cafes.
It is a Tree that requires a.
great deal of Nourifhment ; and _
therefore he recommends the ;
following Soil for them 1 . ‘

Soil. ] Mix the bell Gardens- 3

Ground, or fome Hemp—foil;

lift them very well, and mix it

with an equal Quantity of thet i

Mould of rotten Cow-Dung,
or with the Mould of Hor- “
beds.

Fill the Boxes with this quite ~,'
to the Brim, and prefs the Earth I-f
down with your Hands, to pre- '; ‘
vent its {inking too much after- 3
wards; make a Hole in the .;j
Earth fit for the Plant, then ha~

ving plac’d the Roots in Order, ~‘

put it into the Hole f0, that you
may almoft fee the great Roots
when they are cover’d ; then 1}:
firew fome of the Cow—Dung
Mould about an Inch thick on
the Surface of the Cafe: Place,’

are both hardy enough to withqthem in an Eaflern or Soar/oer» :
’ ' e . n V .. | vw . . . '
{hind the Severity or our 1,] m7— itspohtion.

‘2 eff .

1179'.-

fenfible of Cold, and
therefore are to be planted in ~

P O

1,".sz of Propagation. ] .AS to
maifing them by Layers, he di~
areéts : '

To take a Branch growing at
'dthe Foot of a good Tree, long
‘rtnough to be laid; and having
:tprun’d it fo, that what is to be
:laid in the Ground is quite clean,
tmake a Trench or F urrow, lay
:it in, fallen it down with a
r wooden Hook, cover it with
EEarth and water it, and let it lie
{for fix NIonths before you exa-
tmine. if it be fit. to be cut off
{from the Trunk and tranf—
:planted. .

If you have no Layer: at the
7Foot, then you mutt chufe one
rat the Head 5 and having prun’d
:iit, lay it in a Pot, open on one
ESide, of a Breadth wide enough
"for it to pafs through; and the
,1 Pot being fill’d With proper
lEarth, put it down a little, and
i then water it : This Pot is to be
4(iihCl‘ ty’d to the Body of the
” Tree, or to be fupported fome
;- other Way.

The bell Time to lay Pome-
g'granate—Layerr, he fays, is in {1—
; Fri]; and in. September, if they
1‘ have taken Root, they may
:7 be cut from the Tree and plant—
) ed.

By Slipn] As for Raifing
_ Pomegrzmate-Trees from Slip, he
‘ directs:

That in April, when the Pome—
, gramm are taken out of the
\ Grecrz-lvozfe and prun’d, to chufc
: the tiraitcfl and fmoothefi Bran—
‘ chcs, to cut them off to :1 Foot

in Length, to fcrape the Rind off

the Bottom of it a little, about
two Fingers Breadth, to pare the
Top of it, and to thrufi it down

 

P O
the Depth of four or five
Inches into- the Cafe of proper
Earth; to water it, and leave
it to Nature, and it will take.
Root. ‘

Mr. [Mortimer fays, The dou-
ble—Majlbm’d Pomegranate-Tree is
eneem’d the rareft of all flower-
ing Trees ; and both Kinds may
be eaiily propagated by Layer: or
Suckerr.

They love a hot Ground, and
a warm Air ; and may be grafted
on their own Stock or Cyon,
that rows from the Roots of the
old ree ; That being tender
while young, they may be plant-
ed againft a wafm Wall; but
afterwards are very hardy.»

If they are prun’d, they grow
up high ; if not, they grow into
a thick Bulb, full of finall Bran-
ches, which ought to be thinn’d:
They flower in Augufl. ,

If you would have them bear
well, he advifes, to plant them in
a Box or Cafe, that they may be
hous’d in ”Gazer; and that the
Mould they are planted in, fhould
be well inrich’d with Hogs—
Dung, becaufe it is Plenty of
Nourilhment that makes them
apt to bloITom: Water them of-
ten With Water in which Hogs—
Dung has been infus’d. In the
Spring the young Sprouts mutt
be cut off, that the Tree fpend
not it felf too much in Wood.
It is belt to keep them to a few
Branches.

If you do not houfe them,
you may skreen them with
Mats, . .

Monf; Liger fays, The Par/22‘-

gmmre~Tree5 that bear Fruit, do

not require f0 much Care and
O 4 Pain»;

P O

Pains to be taken about them;
for they thrive better in open
Ground than in Cafes, provided
the 8011 be good.

I11 Ordero to have large and
well- colour’d Pomegranatet, he
-adviles to plant them in Efpali-
ers or 1111111111 a wall; in an
E zl-Zcm, or Sam/yer” EXpofition ,
and to pl 1111. up all the Branches

£13ai11lt a l rellis.

He 1dvifes, to dig and break

up the Ground Where they
911-0117; thol'e that are in Cafes
"with :: Gardener’s Dibble, and

.11 {12:11 lV , and thofe that are

e .101en Ground With a kind
P9. waste , but With Care not
.1- hurt the Roots. ‘This is to be
T‘é.‘ for five Months in the
r.l1efinning at April. This
is c 1.1 1e to eafe the Roots of the
Load that the Heat and frequent
\Vaterings lay upon them, which
caul‘es a kind of Crufl that hin—
ders the Water from penetra-
ting. '

He advifes. in hot Weather to
water them once in two or three

.Days : As for thofe in the open
Ground, twice a Week will
ferve.

~He advifes, to prune ofl“ all
Boughs that fhoot out too far,
Which, will not only keep them
in a handfome Form, but the
ptun’d Bougl hs wil yield other
Branches, that will fill up void
Spaces. But the {hort and well—
fed Branches 1111111 be kept intire,
becaufe the I lowers and l r 1113
grow from them.

He directs, After the firft
Shoot, to nip ofi‘ thol‘e Branches
that {hoot out too 1111cl1, and
thofe that grow too near the

 

 

 

P 0
Stem that {hoot from it;
they Will never be handfome,
and only deprive the tell of N 011-
rilhment.

He fays, That all the douéle-
flowcr’d and variegated ones,
{hould have no Branches at all
at the Foot. And no Boughs
fhould be left upon the Trees,
but thofe that are defign’d to
multiply the Kind.

If Pomegranate-Tree: in Cafes
drop their Fruit, and you think

becaufe

1

it proceeds from Drought, water .

them plentifully. If that does

not remedy it, it is for Want of 1

due Sul‘tenance to nourifh them ;
then you mull new cafe them
with frcfh Earth; and to prevent
that Illconvenience, you lhould
every Year take ofl‘fome of the
Earth from the Surface of the
Cafes, and put on Cow-Dung
Mould, or Hot bed Mould; but
at the End of fi1e or fix Years
always new cafe them.

The Cold being a mortal Ene-
my to Pomegr'zmater, thofc that
are in Cafes {hould be put in a
Green-houfe; and the Roots of
thofe in open Ground lhould be
protected from the Frolls, by
keeping them warm with Dung,
and the Branches with Palifade-
Mats, the Chinks being fiopp’d
with the fame Dung.

HC fays, the dazzéle-fla'wcriai
POML’gI‘zlflrl/é’ — Tract, and thole
which yield 110 Fruit, begin to
blow in 11/1741, and continue to
do ['0 ’till Aitglgfl.

Mr. Bradley fays, He has feen
fome headed Plants of each Sort;
but he rather advil'es, to plant
them in Hedges, or VVilderncfs-
\Vorks, where they may be 111

lets

PO

llefs Danger of the Knife or

‘ I

i
Q

1
*l
f

1

Shears : And that fome have
made Arbours of them, which
are very pleafant.

The Pomegranate Tree loves
to {hoot very long, before it will
hold its Bloffoms for Fruit,
which always come at the Ends
of the Branches: And therefore

I the common Praétice of Garden-

: injurious,

ers to lop the Branches, is very
becaufe it deflroys

I both Bloffoms and Fruit, bOth

which have their Excellencies ,
the F lower in its beautiful Co-
lour, and the Fruit in its plea—
fant Sharpnefs.

71. Pomrenous PLANTS.

0 ZlIIFEROUS Plrmtr,

are fuch as bear the largefi
Fruit, cover’d with a thick, hard
Rind or Bark.

‘72. Pomrnnous TREES.

01MIFER0US Trees, are

fuch as bear their Flowers
at the Tap of their Fruit, and
have their Fruit ihap’d like an
Apfle.

73. POPLAR TREE.

Variant [(2)2er THE Poflar—

‘ Treat,
flIartz‘mer fays, are n11ch or" a
Kind with the Afpm and file/-
Treat:
three forts of them ;
Poplar, which is moli common

1‘ _ I_;,
the 1,30; l 5’

with us in Eflgldfid 5 the 917mm:

 

TVIr. ‘

And there are acco 111th ’

P0

Poplar, the Leaf of which is of

a pale green Colour, fhap’d fome-
thing like the other, but not f0
wlyite underneath , and the black
Poplar.

Mr. Cook fpeaks of four Sorts
of Poplar-Treer, the befi of winch“
is the large white Poplar, th 1t has
a large L af, wlazte on the under
Side, and which is call’d by the
Dutcla the fibele- Tree.

The fecond Sort is pretty
much like the firfi, both 1n Shoot
and Leaf , it grows pretty plenv
tifully in fome Places in Er-
gland, and is 11111ally call’d the
white Poplar.

The third Sort is that which
has ihorter Leaves and Shoors,
and not fo white. This is com—
monly call’d the Ajjzee, or Aflo-
TVE’C’.

Thefe three Sorts require the
fame Ordering.

He has not indeed rais’d any
of them from Seed 5 but he is of
Opinion, that they contain a Seed
in that downy SublianCe which
they ihed 1n the Spring.

Way of Propagatim. ] Some
fay they will grow 0t C/aipr;
but that, 1‘1/Ir. Cook 1'. ys, is falfc;
and that they will but rarely
grow of C rltfmgr

Mr. [‘u’orr mer fays, They may
be rais’d by L1 err or Sucker:
taken from the Roots, V\ hich
will grow on ny lort of Land;
but thrive belt 011 a rich Soil
efpecially the J Liter-BOPIZZT, that
is cul tiv ted like the Afpm and
fleet-[rm ; wuich fee.

T my naturally encreafe very
match from the Roots ; but they
mty bel h ip’d, as in the Article
following, that treats of Rainng

Trees

1

PO

'Trees from the Roots 'of other
Trees, in the Letter R ; fee Rootr'.
According to which Method, he
fays, he has rais’d an Hundred
fléele-Treer from TWO, .Which
eamefrom Holland.

They will put forth a great
many young Trees from the
Roots of an old one, efpeeially

if they be prun’d up, and the,

Heads thinn’d ; for then they
will yield the more.

But if you I’HVC a Mind to have
a Number of young Trees, and
do not matter the I’referving of
the Mother-Tree, then you may
fell it at the Ground ; and if
it be neither very young, nor ve—
ry old, the Root will put forth
in young Trees, the Quantity of
the Body and Heart of that Tree.
The Cberry and Elm will do the
flame.

Soil] The Poplar—The will
grow in the very worlt of
Ground, dry or wet. -

0f Lapping. ] None of thefe
three Sorts are to be headed, but
When they are young ', or elfe
fome young Shoots mull be left
to draw up the Sap ; except you
are contented the old one you
head ihould be deltroy’d ; for if
the Tops be very large, it fre—
Quently kills them, or elle ren—
ders the Tree hollow : TIZCTG'.
fore they fhould be lopp’d While
they are young. -

Theie Trees he does not re-
commend for W alks ; becaufe
the Suckers which come from

‘the Roots, are apt to be trouble—

forne.

The larger Sorts are very pro-
per to be fer, or an 154/}, {My},
or Mart/'3 l’roipeet, at a Durance,

. a
“1. t,

P0

or by the Side of a Wood ; their,

white Leaves making a beautiful
Appearance when the Sun ihines
upon them; and being inter-

mix’d with other Trees, whofe .
Leaves are of a darker green, ‘

do afford a very pleating Va-
riety.

The fourth Sort, which ”is
commonly crill’d the Water Pap-
lar, ditfers from the other three,
both in Shoot and Leaves. The
Shoots are ot‘a yellowi/bgreex,
and the Leaves of a pale green ;
i'omething refembling the other
in Sh 1pc, but are not white un-
de neath. Thefe Trees delight
to grow by the Sides of“ Rivers,
or in wet Ground, or that holds
Water very much.

‘T hey may be rais’d from
Truncheons, from two Foot long
to eight. Thole of two Foot
long being belt to Yet for Stubs,
and thofe of eight to be made
Pollards.

How to fat the final] SetL]
Thefe Sets thould have a black,
burry Knot, breaking out of the
Bough. ThisKnot is to be fet
a Foot deep in the Ground, and
the Top ,1 Foot out. The Time
to do this, is in 0639,1902». Thefe
Cuttings may be from half an
Inch, to an Inch Diameter; if

they he lets thm half an Inch, .

they will be apt to be weak, and
the Pill] be apt to take wet, and
f0 very liltely to kill it :
when they are too fin-all, they
are not furniih’d With thofe {mull
Mae}; Specks on the Bark, from
whence the Root breaks out, as
he thinks; and that this Mark

 

And I

t \r.

 

., ‘vvi .Wmcwwzwew

. Wmma am -my:,

 

is a Sign that 'th-ofe which hive

it will grow: But if they be
' - ' young,

P o

,vyoung, they have not this burry
)Knot ‘Which is f0 apt to take
ERoot. If they be larger than an
:22 Inch Diameter, then the Top of
lthe Cutting will be the longer
’1: covering over; and Will be in
CI Danger of being deeay’d, by the
7 Wet lying f0 long on the Head
: of the Cutting.
In Order to fet thofe from
1: fix to eight or nine Foot long,
,3 that are defign’d for Pollards:
l.“ The lower and upper Ends muff
d be kept free from Cracks, and
2 cut floping ofl‘ : Thefe may be
3 about two or three Inches Dia-
tmeter. It is hell to make the
[Hole with an Iron-Crow, and
3' big enough, that when the Trun-
'> cheons are thrufl: down, the Bark
Lmay not be flipp’d up, and f0
,- parted from the Wood ; or you
_ may ufe an Auger to make the
, Holes, made much like thofe
us’d for boring Pumps ; and
‘ make the Holes a little larger
‘ than the TrunChcons ; and to
' prevent the Bark from flipping,
you may bind it about the lower
End with aBit of Wire. Thefe
may be fet about at Foot and half
deep, and if large, deeper. When
they are fet into the Ground,
clofe the Earth well about them,
ramming it clofe.

The belt Time for this Opera-
tion, he accounts the Beginning
ofli’i-rzrcr, except it be a very
wet Ground; and then February
may be the belt Time.

If the Ground bevety wet
and bzirl'Cll, he advifes to make
Drains two Spade deep, and three
Foot wide, and. to eait the Earth
at every two Yards Difiance;
and to low it with 0cm the firfl;

 

. r 0
Year, to mellow the Ground;
and the next Year to fet it with
Poplar.

The fame Direétions may
ferve for the fllder, ”Gila-w, ”7i:
t/ay, Sallo-wt, 69%. and in four or
five Years Time you may have
a good Fall of Wood; and ('0
on every fifth or fixth Year, for
many Yeats after.

v

74. POPPIES.

P 0 P P I E S. are of divers Co-

lours ; as, the red, purple,
w/aite, and fome flrip’d, and very
double ; the double ones being the
only ones ufually cultivated in a
Garden : There is alfo the fine
golden-colour’d one that flowers
in May, which is moft efleem’d.
They yield great Quantities of
Seed, which mull be fav‘d and
fow’d in Marc/a ; but Monf.
Lz'ger lays, either in [March Sep-
tember or Oc‘foéer, If the Seed
be not gather’d, they will fow
themfelves, and come up With-
out any Culture.

75. PORRACEOUS.

ORRACEOUS is faid of
fuch Plants as refemble a
Leek, in Colour or Scent.

76. PORTICOr

A Portico, in aGardren, is com-

monly the Entrance into a
Summer-houfe, Salon, or At-
bo'ar of Lattice-work, and is u-
i'ually adorn’d With a handfome
Cornice

PI) ‘
Cornice and Frontifpiece, fup-
ported by Pilafiers or Peers ; or
eife it is a long Decoration of
Ar'chiteéture, plac’d againf’t a
Will, or .at the Entrance of a
Wood, Where the Advances and
Returns are but inconfiderable.

' A Portico, or Arbour of Lat-
tice-work, ihould have a hand—
fome Ii‘rontifpieee at the Top;
that Part being the moil remark-
able.

77: PQIATQES.

P 0 TA T0 E S, Mr. [Mortimer
‘ fays, will grow indifl‘e-
rentl-y in any Ground, provided
it be well dung’d; but that a
good, fat, rich Mould is bei‘t for
them. ,

IVIr. Bradley fays, they love
rather a fandy than a Iirong Soil,
tho’ he has feen them do well in
both; but‘has obferv’d, that the
Roots knot much better, and are
fweeter tailed in Sand.

Mr. :Horz‘z'mcr fays, They are
cafily increas’d to a good Advan—
tage, by cutting the Roots into
, feveral Pieces, and each Piece
will grow as well as the whole
Root; and may alfo be propaga-
ted by Seed.

Mr. Bradley fays, That where
the Potatoes" have lik‘d the
Ground, he has feen above thirty
Knots or Potatow hanging on
the String or Fibres or one
Plant. ,

11/72}! of flI.’t/f:}‘b‘ii2g.] The
common Way of Multiplying
them, is, by faving the fmaller
Roots or Knots of them for
Seed, to rait‘e 9. Crop, which in

 

PO

Marc/'2 are to be fet‘ in the .A

Ground five or fix Inches deep,‘ .1

and fix or eight Inches apart..
That about Micbdclmz: r they are
ripe ; and when the Haulm ‘aen
gins to decay, may be taken up;
which may be done with a
Fork as there is Occafion for
them.

78. 0f P OTTING, or Setting
Plants, Flowers, {9%. in POTS.
M O N S. Lz'ger directs, That

Pots for Flowers be three
Inches nsrrower at the Bottom
than at the Top, that the Flow.—
ers may be remov’d out of them
the more eaiily ; and to put Gra-
vel at the Bottom of them, that
the Water may have the readier
Paiihge throueh, and then fill the
Pots to a convenient Fulnefs
with fitted NIould. He rather
approves of Gravel than Earth,
beeauie the Emmet; may get in-
to it at the Holes at the Bottom
of the Pots, and gnaw the Roots
of the Plants. ' » '

The Pots ihould he fill’d with
an Earth, altho’ light, yet fuch
as is impregnated with abundance
of Salts. '

As for bulbed Roots, the Bed
in which the Bulb is to repofe,
Ihould rife to within four Inches
of the Top of the Pot; and
it may fometimes be more, and
ibmetimes leis, according to the
Size of the Plant.

If the Pots in which bulbous
Roots be planted,are large enough
for more man one at aTime,
there ihould be at leal‘t four In—
ches Dillance between every

‘ two,

 

.PR

two, that they may have Room
and. Nourifhment fuflicient to
arrive at a due Growth.

As for other Roots, the Earth
that covers them ought to rife in
T the Middle of the Pot, and de-
fcend fhelwiing to the Brims ; be-
caufe it is apt to fink either by
its own Weight, or by being
watered, 65:.

Two Plants of differing Kinds
ihould not be planted in one
Pot ; beeaufe that caufes, a
Confuiion difagreeable to the
Eye.

When Plants are potted, they
lhould not immediately be ex-
pos’d to a too great Heat of the
Sun, efpecially if the Heats of
Autumn are not very temperate ;
but they ought to be kept cool,
till they begin to fhoot.

Sometimes frequent Rains do
too much moifien Plants in Pots ;
in fuch a Cafe, the Pots are to be
laid along Side-ways, that the
Water may drain out, turning
the Bottoms to that Quarter that
the VVind is in.

When Plants have {hed their
Flowers, perhaps there may be
.Danger in letting them {land too
long in the Sun, left being too
much heated by it, they might
be injured as to their future Pro—
ductions. To prevent this, you
may remove your old Pots to
fuch Places where the Influence
of the Sun will not be too firong
for them.

79. POWDERED.

0 W'D E R E D fignifies
the Blue upon Plums, Effie.

P

\,

 

1583

80-. L 0‘): no N PR in E}
T H I S Plant makes a pretty
Show in Borders, and is in-
creafed by parting its Roots. .
_ 81fPRtM0RDtAN.

'RIMORDIAN, Pu;

mitive, Original, alfo the
firlt ripe.
82. PRIMROSES;

THE Primroje is an early

fpringing Flower Of Whidh
there are great Varietys, Mr.
Martimer enumerates the red,
the fearlez‘, the douéle real, the
red ane :32 Hofe, the doable
pale, .the finglc green, the yellow,
the fingle yellow. They may ei-
ther be multiplied by Seed fown
in a Bed of good Earth in Se];-
teméer, which will come up in
the spring, or by parting their
Root}.

Monf. Liger fiays, thefe Plants
require a good Kite/9m Ger-
den Earth, and are to be planted in
a warm Expofition, and a Span
difiance one from another.

33. T/ae PRIMROSE-TREE.

THIS Plant is ['0 called by
the Gardeners, from the
Likenefs the Bloflbms of it- have
to the common Primrofe in C0-
lour, Shape and Smell. Mr.
Brad-

PK

:Bradley fays, the Flower Stems.

of this Plant will rife near three
F oOt high. It will grow in any
Soil, and is proper for the Mid-
dle of Borders in large Gar-
dens. It is to be rais’d by
Seed: fown in natural Ground
about the latter End of Marc/J;
but thefe [calling Plants'will not
blofl‘om till the fecond Year;
and therefore fliould be fown
in a Nurfery , and be tranf-
planted into proper Places the
next Aagufl after they are
come up. They flower in 3mm,
and the Seed is ripe about Au-

git/L

84. IIALraN GREEN PRIVET.
MR. Bradley fays, this Plant
‘ was brought hither from I-
taly, and among other Names
is called by them Oli'vetta; and
that its Leaves are not unlike
thofe of the Olive. The Berries
of this Plant, he fays, fome—
what refembles the Fruit of the
.Myrtle, are to be fown in
Illarcla, in light Earth about an
Inch deep, and mull be frequent-
ly watered till they come up;
and'are to be tranfplanted from
the Seed—led, the feeond Year
after fowing. He having plant-
ed it in a hot gravelly Soil,
where it made Shoorg of :1 Foot
long, in one Srzmmcr, fuppofes
that to be a molt proper Soil
for it. This Plant is a quick
Grower, and if it he often clit-
ped makes an admirable l'ledge,

will bear the Severity of our!

Frofls; and keeps its Verdure
all the. Winter.

 

PR‘

35- PRQCUMBENT. .
ROCUMBENT Leave5,'

P

lie flat on the Ground.

86. PROLIFICK.

R 0 L IFICK fignifi‘es fit
for Generation, apt to breed
or bring forth.

87. PRUNIFEROUS.

pRUNIFEROUS Treat,-
or 517mm, are fuch Whofc
Fruit is pretty large and foft,
with the Stone in the Middle;
in which Kind the Flower ad- .
heres to the Bottom of the Bafe.
of the Fruit. '

88. PRUNIXG of TREES.

Tree: wby pruned. :I
OR praying Trees, NIonf.
(lentil gives thefe three Rea—
fons.

I. That it makes the Tree
1311 the longer; for that all the
ufelefs Branches are lopped off,
and none left, but fuch as are
necefiary either for the bearing
of the Tree or Beauty of it;-
whereas .on the contrary, if a
Tree were never pruned, f0 that
all the Branches were let alone
to grow, they would foon drain‘
it of its Sap, and make it die
in a fhort time.

_ b

[‘uch Leaves of Plants which 5:.

2. It makes it of a handfome' .

Shape. -

3. It

In

P R

3’. It is beneficial to the Fruit;
i for the Sap not being wafted by
t nouriihing ufelefs Branches, the
I Fruit has the more Afiifiance;
‘ " and of Confequence , grows

inore large and beautiful.
The Time of priming is, ac-
cording to the Opinion of fome,
when the Leaves are fallen ; but

i
«t

. Monf. Gemil praétifes the pm-t

; wing of thefe Trees that are
. luxuriant and vigor-om in [Wan/9,
' but fuch as do not {h00t over vi-
goroufly in jammy, before the
Sap is in Motion ; which there-
fore ought to be preferv’d in-
tire for them, becaufe they want
the Whole of it: But fuch
Trees as do {hoot {trongly -and

vigouroufly, are to be primed in.
their Sap, which begins to be:

in NIotion in [Wart/.3, in order
to difcharge Part of the Sap, and
fortify the Bearers.
1\'Ir. Carpenter fays, that we
have learned by Experience, that
fome Trees require another pm-
afz'flg between the ”Water and
Summer pruning; the Szrmmer
pruning beginning about the l‘liid'
dle of Afar, and lafting fome
Days in 3m. This middle pm-
m'rzg is to be perform’d' in A—
pril, and the Beginning of [114)].
The Occafion of this przming is
that fever-.11 Trees are blighted
by virulent Blafis, which fcoreh
and ihrivel up their tender Leaves,
and alfo kills fome of their young
-Shoots, even down to the old
.VVood. To recover this Damage,
this pruning is performed as fol-
‘lows.
General Direflioz: for pm-
xing. ] I.
caves are to be primed off, and

All the damnified-

P R
the young Shoots only are to
be fhortened, though the Blights
have not touched them. ‘

2., All the tainted Part of
thofe Shoots that are blighted,
are to be pran’d off, and the
Head of the Tree is to be {hor-
tened to fuch a Proportion, as it
may reafonably be thought the
Root will require to make the
Tree put forth vigorous ShOOts
again. . _

3. When this is done, the
Earth is to be opened in a Semie
circle, about the Rom of a Wall
Tree, and in a Circle about the
Root of a Dwarf Tree; then
a little thort Mulih is to be laid
upon the Root, and if the Sea-
fon be dry, itis to be watered
once or twice in a Week;
and the Branches are to be
fprinkled, either With a Hand
Engine, or a fine Rofe ofa wa-
tering Pot.

Monf. Gemz'l lays down ‘five
,Rules to be learnt by thofe that
would underftand how to przme
Trees : For this turn to the Ar-
ticle Bram/yer.

As for pruning of new plant~
ed Trees, he gives the follow-
ing Direétions.

I. That When a Tree has gi-w
ven no more than one Shoot,
and that arifes from the Ex-
tremity of the Stem, to take it
off, and then" the Tree Will
{hoot out feveral good Branches
the next Year.

2. If a Tree has produced two
Branches on the fame fide, then
the uppermoit muff be cut to
tV'vo or three Eyes, and the other
mutt be cut to the Thicknefs‘ of-
a CrOWn Piece, and this will

produce

 

P R‘ ,
produce two Fruit Branches : But
if the lowermoi’t be larger than
the uppermofi then the lowermofi
mutt be cut off, and the fe—
_cond kept and fliortened to three
or four Eyes, and the Stem cut
down to it. .

3. If the Tree has produced
feveral Branches, fome of which
are ill fitnated, then the upper-
moft are to be chofen for the
Figure of the Tree, and mor—
tened to three Eyes, and Inuit
be fo difpos’d as will conduce
to the .Roundnefs of the Tree,
and then the Eyes are to be
.plac’d on the outfide, and not
Within, unlefs it be a Buree
Pear-Tree, which if the Eyes
were on the outfide, the Branches
would grow too firaggling.

As for thofe Branches that
are irregularly fituated, they are
to, be prun’d to the Thicknefs
of a Crown Piece, or elfe cut
floping, and the irregular Bran-
ches cut off.

If the Trees that have been
thus przm’dfhould produce hand—
fome Branches the next Year,
the fame Method mutt be ob—
ferved in przmiag them, having a
confiant regard to the Beauty of
.the Tree, cutting off the drag-
gling Branches, and preferving
fuch as are for Fruit, 69%.

Trees which have been plant-
ed four Years, are fuppofed to
have produced'good Fruit, and
good Wood Branches , after
they have had the third jrrzming;
then the Vigour of the Tree is
to be confulted in retrenching
the Branches more or let‘s, i. e
from four to 72:32: Inches, taking

‘5

 

PR‘

care to leave the higheft Eye of. ‘3

every Branch on the outfide, to
form the Round the better.

A. Quince-Stock mutt be pmd
fled {horter than a Free-Stock, be-

canfe a Quince-Stock ihoots out . -,

more Fruit Branches than Wood
Branches ; and therefore the for-
thl' are przm’d Ihorter, that we
may have good Wood Bran-
ches, and the other longer, that
we may have good Bearers.
S/Jon‘ pruning confifis in Cut-

a}

ing the Wood Branch which '

forms the Tree down to two
or three Eyes. This is com-
monly done to weak Trees;
for on fuch no Fruit is to be
expected but from the larger
Branches; therefore all fueh as
are uncapable of bearing Fruit,
are to be retrench’d to ilrengthen
them the better.

A long [Ir/Ming confifis in
leaving ten or twelve Inches
of the \Vood Branch, which
fhoots out'from the lait Years
prufiirzg; this is done to pre-

v

vent the Tree from running out 7

into too much Wood, and to

make it thoot out more in
Fruit.

If a young and vigorous
Tree does not bear Fruit, it

ought to have a long priming,
which is between ten and twelve
Inches. This is to be done in
[Marc/J; the faith Wood and un—
neccllary Branches ought to be

continued till the next Year, and.

they will fuck up a great deal
of Sap, and [‘0 moderate it
that the reft will produce Fruit
Branthcs.

If

P R

cut off of ”Ell-Fruit, Which Will
not without much bending yield
to the Wall, though they look
never to well to the Eye ; for if
they happen to be wreathed or
bruifed in the bending or turn-‘-
ing, although it fhould grow and
feem to thrive for the prefent
yet in time it Will decay, and
fpurt out the. Sap or Gum ,
which is the Caufe of the Des
cay of many good Trees.

If you prune Trees or Vines
you mutt leave fome new Bran-*-
ches every Year, and if there be
too many, you mutt take aWay
fome of the old. This will
very much help the Tree and
increafe the Fruit.

When a Vine is cut there
mull be two Knots left at the
nexr Interval ; for the two Buds

PR

If the Weight of the Fruit
5 bend any Boughs of the Trees
.: downwards, fome of the fuper-
t fluous Sprigs are to be cut off
tthe next Spring. The Trees
) ought not to be fufl‘ered to grow
lhigh, becaufe if f0, they will at-
.t traét too much of the Sap from
2 the Fruit ; therefore they lhould
T be caufed to fpread as much as

may be.

As for Goofi’berrier, Carranza
; and Vines, they for the mofi part
i bear Fruit on the Branches which
‘they have put forth the fame
" Year ; to that in pruning a good
. deal of the Shoots of the fore-
; going Year , there will be a
. greater Quantity of Sap to put
3 forth frefh ones the Year follow—
‘ing, if there be but Plenty e-
: nough of Buds left for them to

. put forth at
But then this Caution mull be
:obferved, that thofe that grow
’ luxurious in “food are not apt
'to bear, and the more is cut
off the more they will run to
H Wood.

As for Stone Fruit-Treat, it
is general with them to bear on
the Branches of the Year forego-
ing; therefore when you prune

commonly yield a Bunch of
Grapes,- and this, nor being duly
taken care of,’ is often the Caufe
of the Unfruitfulnefs of Viva.
\Vhen a Tree, which has been
planted, has produc’d two fine
well difpofed Branches, and al-
fo fome weakones among them
they are all to be thortened equal-
lv, to the Length of between

 

five and fix Inches : But if thofe

them you mull leave a fuffieient ftwo Branches be irregularly po-

' Number of fuch Branches.
There ought nor to be more

fired, as both on one Side, 01'

one lower than the other, then
I

'Wounds made in Trees than gyouar‘e to preferve but one of
can poifibly be avoided, therefore ithem to begin the Formation of
a deformed Branch fhould rather {a fine Figure.

be extended, than haggled in fe—
. veral Places. The Boughs of
.z- unthrifty Trees ought to be cut
‘ lhorter , and fewer lhoruld be
1‘ left on them than on thriving
ones.
All gro’s Shoots are to be
VOL. IL

It it happens that a Tree does
the firft Year produce five, fix
or feven Branches, then it will
be enough to preferve three or

lfour of the belt, and take all the

ref: quite away.

P

4

A Mlllf

P R'

' A Multitude of Branches the
firi‘t Year is not always a Sign"
of Vigour, for they fometimes
prove weak, and from thence
it may be concluded that there
is an Infirmity in the Roots.
Tho’ generally in jamming a Tree
which is vigorous, cannot have
too many Branches, if they are
Well ordered, and a weak Tree
cannot well have too few.

It is neceffary for the Pre-
fervation of Trees, that the Sap
of all Trees be kept within‘ due
Bounds, and you mull make an
Allowance to {ironger Trees as
Well as to weak ones; and for
this Reafon, you mutt leave all
flrong and vigorous Branches of
a greater Length than feeble ones ;
and you mufi prime the Bran—
ches of a lickly Tree fhorter-
than thofe of a healthful one.

It is the bell. Way to pram
thofe Trees thas are weak ear—
ly, that the Sap may .not wafic
it felt‘ on thofe Parts that ought
to be retrench’d: Thofc Fruit
Buds, which are nearefi the End
of the Branches, are commonly
thicker, and better fed than 0-
thers.

When you prime Wall Fruit
Trees you mull cut oil all thofe
Branches which ihoot directly
forward to the Branches from
.which they fpring; and in or—
der to preferve the Trees in their
Beauty and Full Health, you muff
take the utmoll Care to keep
them from being~ crowded with
Wood; and lbmetimes there
'Will be a Necefiity for taking a-
way even bearing Branches ; for
it is not pofiible, that too great

a Number of Branches fhould
.. , _ . . ,

 

PR

be fupply’d with Juice, which if ‘

they are not, either the Bloifoms
will drop off, or the Fruit will
not ripen, but wither on the
Tree.

For the Sake of Regularity,
you mull
Dillance between one Branch
and another; this Rule is con—
flantly to he obferved in. all
Manner of przmiflgr.

And alfo for the Sake of Light
you

leave a convenient '

mull not let one Branch f

crofs another, except it be t0‘

fill up a Space in
which will be more unfightly ;
though you may fomctimes fufi

the \Vall, -,

fer a‘ilender Branch to Real be- :

bind the main Body of the Tree

or fome of the larger Branches; l

and it will be no Offence to the ,

Eye ; and at the End of the Year
it will gratify the Tafie.

The more you carry the

Branches of aTree horizontal— ;

ly, the more apt and etter will
the Tree be difpos’d to bear
Fruit.

And by how much more per- .‘

x‘J : r. ,-

». await" ~‘

pendicularly the Branches of a 1

Tree are led, the more inclined

the Tree will be to increafe in '

Wood.

VVheu finall weak Branches
ihoot from fuch as themfelves,
and the third Shoot is firong,
you mull always deal with them
as with falfe Wood ; and fome-
times it Will be a very diflieult
Matter to firengthen weak Bran-
ches without cutting away 0-
thers that are fuperior to them,
even the upper Part of thofe they
fhoot from. ‘

Thofe Shoots that are put

forth.

P R
Forth in flutzmm, are always had
and mull be taken ofi‘.

When an old Tree fl'lOOtS
flronger Branches towards the
Bottom, than it does toward the
Top, it is a Sign that it IS 1n
an ill State of Health. In fuch
Cafe it will be neceffary to cut
it on, and form a new Figure
from the lower Branches; but
if the Top be vigorous then
you mull cut off the lower ones,
except they be well plac’d to re-
main for the Benefit of the
T1ee.

In order to preferve old Trees,
when they are very weak, you
mutt in a Manner totally disbur-
then them, and leave but very few
Branches for Wood, and thofe
you do leave, you mull lhorten
to five or f )1 Inches, always tak—
ing care, that thofe that are left
be not overmuch walled. See
the Article Bloflhmt.

IVlr. Laurence advifes in the
Month of Illa}, to {horten over
i luxuriant Branches in all Fruit-
‘ Trees, except Vines, to two In-
» ches of the Place from whence
1 they fhoot, becaufe the [I inter-
1 Pruning inflead of lefrening the
" Vigour ot a Tree, gives Vi-

gour to it, and makes 1t {hoot the

holder. But the performing this

Operation in this Month, When

lNature is in her full Career,

-will give fuch tDamp and Check

to its Comfe, that you may or-
' dinarily expeét two or three
fl Branches ofbearing Wood from
the flrongefl and molt vigOrous
3 Shoot.

This Operation, this Month,
1: of {hortening all luXuriant Bran—
.; ches, does not only tefpeél

 

P R
thofe Branches which are in-
tended to be left to fill a void
Space; but vigorous Shoots,
which are made from the Place
of Inoculation in the Nurfiery,
as Well as thofe made from new
planted Trees, efpecially Apri-
cock and. Peach Tree! ,WhiCh are apt
to be in the greateft Danger from
too much Vigour.

Mr. Mortimer tells us that it
conduces very much to the
Growrh of Trees to prune them
well from their unnecefl'ary and
injurious Branches, and alfo to
make them fruitful.

The heft Time to prune Trees
he accounts to be in the De-
ereafe of the Moon, and in
fair Weather.

A Graft, though it fhoots
never f0 firong, mull beprzm‘
ed the firll Year.

A Pear/2. the more it‘ runs
to Wood, and the flronger
Shoots it makes, will bear the
better. _

Wall Trees are to be pruned
both Water and Sztmmer The
H’ mterprzming is to be perform-
ed as foon as the Leaves are
ofi“ the Trees; then you mull:
prune and cut awa y the Ref due
of the Branches, and place thofe
in order that are fit to beleft.
This Work you may continue
to perform during the Whole
”fiat er Seafbn, except in the
great Frofis: But though the
belt Time 18 Pelzrzmrv and March,
this ought to be obferved, that
the moft vigorous and luxuri-t
ant Branches be primed laft; and
the Boughs mull be cut clofe
to the Body, and not left of any
Length from the Tree; becaufe

P a if:

P R
if they are, they will become
. hollow, and will be of no other
ufe but to convey Water to the
Tree, and to rot it.

You mull not fufi‘er the Lop
to grow large upon the Trees,
for it will make the Sears the
larger, and hinder the Tree
from thriving, or caufe it to
die the fooner, where you cut
them quite off.’

Pear/9e: and Nec‘Zarim: are
not to be cut ’till they begin to
bud ; and then you mull take
care to cut away fuperfluous
Branches, or fuch as crol‘s one
another, or which grow too
thick, are broken, or bruifed,
or decayed, or offend any Other
Tree or Place.

All the Ange/l S/aoorr, where-
ever they are found mull be cut
away, unlefs the Place be nak-
ed, and you think the next old
Branch will not be fuflicient to
cover it, and the Branches that
lhade the Fruit too much.

The Summer pruning is to be
performed about Slum and 3:4-
ly. In doing this you mull take
ofl“ the fuperfiuous Sprigs and
Shoots of the fame Years
Growth, from Vimt, Apricocb
and Pear/m, and other Trees
which put forth large Shoots,
which hinder the Fruits com—
ing to its due Maturity, and at-
traét much of the Sap of the Tree
to theml‘elves, and by that Means
rob the other.

In pruning Trees, and efpecially
Wizll‘Treetr, you limit obferve to
leave the fmall Twigs, which are
fhort and knotted, and that blof-
famed the Year foregoing; for
it is obfervable, that molt flpri-

1

 

P R
carer, Pe’acber, Plumf, and Cher-v
rm, fig’c. grow on Sprigs ufu-
ally of two Years Growrh;

thefe therefore muft not" be cut ~

off, but are to be carefully
nourifhed, which is commonly
done to beautify the Tree.

As to Apple: and Fear: alfo
that bear their Fruit on Branches,
which are of two Years Growth,
it is neeeilary to be frequent-
ly taking off fome of the old
Wood of thofe Fruit Trees, that
there be a Succefiion of bearing
Branches : And if the Trees are
young, they mull not be per-
mitted to fill the Wall too
thick,becaufc that will be a Hin—
drance to their Bearing, and lay
you under a Neceifity to cut
them too much when they grow
old.

When an old Tree puts forth
firongcr Branches at the Bot-
tom than at the Top, and the
Top is unthriving, then you
mufi cut it off, and bring the
Tree into Form from the lower
Branches.

All thofe Buds that have but
a fingle Leaf produce nothing
but \Vood, but Fruit Buds have
many Leaves; and the more
Leaves they have, the fooner they
will bear, and the larger the
Fruit will be. ,

Thofe Fruit Buds, which grow
on the Body of a Tree, pro-
duce fairer Fruit than thofe
that break out of the collateral
Twigs and Tops of the Bran-
Ches.

Thofe Buds, which fpread out
either before or behind Wall-
Trees, are to be rubbed off.

If you would have Trees be

quickly

PR

5 quickly furnilhed on both Sides,
- they mull: be prevented from
rihooting in the Middle; and
- ; take this for a Rule, the more a
lTree is pruned, the more it will
2 them.

Pruning Crotcbetvwije is a
»r‘Method very well contrived by
-' Monf. uintiney, and is done to
" fill up a acancy that disfigures

the head of a D-warfi This is
to be performed upon a large

iWood Branch, which we prune,

to three or four Inches long;
this being done, it will produce
feveral good Branches jufily fi-
tuated from the Ground; alfo
you mull lay the reft of the
Shoots throughout the Tree at
as equal Difiances as the Num-
ber of Shoots will allow.

In the fourth Year, or fooner,
thefe Shoots will from their
Sides, put forth fuch Quantities
of bearing Wood, that you will
have more than you can nail up
at five Inches Diftance, and [‘0
will be obliged to take fome of
them off.

You mufi obferve to nail up
all Shoots at five Inches Dif-
tance, and when you find too
many of them, you mull prune
all over the Tree, and contrive
for the fo laying of them.

H7411 Tree: ought, at their firft
praying, to be left in the Shape
of a Fan, and ought continual-
ly to be kept in the fame Form,
advancing about nine Inches in

.. a Year.

All thofe Branches which run

to Wood, too large for the rel‘r,
. are to be taken on, as near the
.Bottom of the Tree as may be,
till the priming Scafon.

 

PR

When a Wall Tree is come
to be of the Age of feven or
eight Years, you ihould take
it down from the Wall, and
cut out fome of the great Wood,
and to order the remaining Bran-
ches, as to fill up the Spaces
you have made vacant by the
pruning.

Pear/Jet or Nec‘larine: being
thus managed, Mr. Collin: fays,
may be preferv’d in their full
Blow, and vigorous in their
Shoots for above thirty Years
together, and always in the fame
Shape, and much of the fame
Size,~at leafl within about nine
Inches, which is the utmofl
Length he allows for the Shoots
of one Year, after a Tree is
five or fix Years old.

After a Tree is arrived to the
Age often Years, he direéts,
that you conl‘tantly obferve not‘
to cut off all thofe Shoots which
break out near the Foot of the
Tree, (not in the Stock) but
to nail them up to produce new
Wood; and this will afford
an Allowance for taking out the
old Wood. '

The Negleé‘t of this, often
caufes Pearl: and Nec‘larme Tree:
to be naked, and alfo defiroys
them.

In Water pruning, fuch Shoots ‘
as are become barren, by bear-
ing-the Year before, mull nor be
cut off too near the Branch, but ‘
mutt be left the Width of a
Crown Piece, for this Reafon,
that at thofe Places Shoots will
frequently put forth.

Altho’ he does not allow,
that a Tree {hould {hoot from
its extreme Parts above eight or

P 3 nine

PR

nine Inches in a Year; yet if
there be a want of Shoots to
make up the Figure of the Tree,
then they may be left longer;
but there fhould rarely be left
on them above four or five
bearing Knots on any other
Shoot.

The Summer pruning of Stone
Fruit Tree:.] lVIr. C 0112'”: advifes
to look over every Tree about
the Middle of flame, and to
take out all the great Shoots
elofe to the Bottom, and to lay
in all the fine Wood; and to
pull ofi‘, from the Shoots, f0 ma-
ny Leaves as will thin them, and
let the Light in to the Fruit.

If any Tree has become nak-
ed at the Bottom, on either Side
by blafiing, then you fhould put
in a Bud at the Place where a
Shoot is wanting; and altho’ the
Wood, if it be five or fix Years
old, will 'not of its own Ac-
cord fupply the Places that have
been rendered naked, tho’ bud-
ding Will nor take on the main
Body pf the Tree, the Bark be—
ing there too thick and too hard,
yet it-will take very well on
the Arms.

IfArms be laid up futiicient-
ly in the Winter, the Tree will
make fuch vigorous Shoots, that
it will require Skill for forne
Years to keep it full of bearing
Wood.

, And whereas fome are at this

Seafon, or earlier, for cutting ofi“
all thofe Branches, which grow
beyond the Frui t, Mr. Collins does
not approve of it, except when
the Tree ihziots Abundance of
good \Vood, becaufe he thinks
that to be a more proper Tiine

 

P R
for it, when great fruitful Shoots
are groWnfive or fix Inches. ‘
And if the Tree be vigor~
ous then they fhould be taken
off clofe, but if it be not they
fhould be left about three Inches

long, and then the Sap having (0 ~

powerful a Draught there, thofe
Shoots will that Summer put
forth feveral others, which Will
be of Advantage, for the fu-
ture, to a Tree that is weak.
Mr. Bradley taking notice that
Mr. [Hi/let ufed to produce forne
Fruits in good PerfeEtion, forne
Months before Nature would
have done it, which he feemcd
to attribute to the Heat he laid
to the Backs of his Frames;
he did Obfervc that he primed his
Trees out of the common Sea-
fon; and whereas he ufed to
have his mouth/y Rafi—Tree: in
Bloflbm foon after C/arz‘flmzzfi,
which he pruned after a parti-

cular hilanner, ( the Account of -

which you may fee in the Ar—
ticle [Monthly Roy/Lag) he had of-
ten feen in his own Practice, that
the Clofe Buds there fpoken of
would lie dormant all the VVin-
t€r, ( Without that Sort Ofprzm-
Mg) and not ilir before the
Spring- advances.

And he adds, that he has ob—
ferved in feveral Gardens where
the Skill of the Frame» has
not been very great, that Fruit
Trees, being cut too early, or
the Shoots of the fame Summer
being topped,the Buds which have
been left on have fprouted on a
fudden before their natural Time,
and have proceeded to_ bloflbm
in the Wrong Seal‘on.

But

.. xv, 1m: :u

«my t» -'

aver rr‘v'rt‘r'wnnédsi’ '

t
3

 

“Menage-'«wu ’ . '

P U

But it is his Opinion, That it
is not this Pruning alone that is
of .any valuable Ufe, unlefs the
Blofl‘oming Time of fuch Trees
be humour’d with a Degree of
Heat, which is fuflicient to carry
on the Blofl‘oms to Petfeélion in
ripe Fruit.

And for as much as this De-
gree of Heat mull be produc’d

, artificially, it ought to be inquir’d

into, How it aéts upon the Roots
or Branches feparately? Or whe—
ther it has the fame Influence on
both? And upon this Confide—
ration, he proceeds to give a Re—
lation of the Efl‘eét that extraordi—
nary Warmth, and uncommon
Pruning may have upon Plants :
And he ives an Account .of a
Pear - YEW: in Moorfie/dr, that
bloffom’d at an unufual Seafou,
by Lime having been accidentally

laid near its Roots. See Pear—
Z‘t’t’.
89. PIARMICA: See SNEEZ-

“’ORT.

90. PUDICA PLANTA: See
SENSIBLE PLANT, or Hur—
BLE PLANT.

91. PULPOUS.

UL P 0 US lignifies full of
Pulp, or Subftance.

P

92. PUMPIONS, or PUMKINS.

A8 for the Propagation and

Culture of Pumpiam; See

the Article Citrulr, in Letter C.

Befides which, take what fol-
lows : -

 

 

P U

Mr. Bradley, fpeaking of the
Method us’dby Mr. W/airmz'lm
Hoxton, in propagating Melom,
€936. tells us, That NII‘. Law-
reme, Gardener to the Countel‘s
of ll”t’fz‘mareland, at Twitteflbam,
took the fame Method of propa-
gating a large Kind of Pumpioir;
and had the largel’t Fruit of the
Sort that he had ever feen in
England. His Method is to
make his Hot—beds either of
Grafs cut and heap’d together,
when it is wet ; or Straw of any
Sort wet, efpecially if mix’d
with fome Sea-coal Afhes.

When the Plants are rais’d,
and fit to be planted in Ridges,
he plants them in a Border under
a Sour/2 - Wall, without laying
any Dung about their Roots;
and as the Plants grow, he gent-
ly lays them againfl; the Wall,
and tacks them up to it; or 'elfe
trains them to as to run up fome
Frame; that they may be near
to the W all: And when the
Fruit is fet, he fafiens a Tile to
the Wall with a Staple, for the
Fruit to lie on; he makes aHole
in the Tile that the Water may
run at, that the Fruit may not
be injured by too much Wet.
The Fruit, being plac’d near the
W’all, ripens the better.

Befides this, to keep all from
the \Veather, the Lights which
belong to Hot-bed Frames, may
be fer flopiug againft the Wall.
The Fruit being thus manag’d,
will, in all Probability, not only
ripen much better than thofe that
are manag’d after the common
Way, but alfo have a better Fla-
vour, efpecially in a cold, wet

Seafon.
P 4. 9;. The

PU

93; Tb: PURPLE -FLOWER-
GENTLE : See AMARANTnus.

94. PURSLAIN.

URSLAIN is a very

cooling Herb: There are
two Sorts of it ; the Golden Pur-
flaia, and the Green Sort. Thefe
both, l’ays Mr. Bradley, are to
be rais’d from Seed: fown in
fome warm Place in April ; or if
they have the Help of Glalres,
may be fown earlier.

Meir. L072¢1052 and Wife, direct
for the Propagating of Par/lain,
as follows : It is multiply’d only
by Seed, which is Mark, and ex-
traordinary final], and of a half-
flat roundifh Figure, which grows
in little Husks or Shells, each
of which contain a great many
Seedr.

In order to gather it, you muf‘t
cut ofl‘ all the Heads from the
Stalks, and lay them to dry a
little in the Sun ; and then beat
out the Seed,and fan or skreen it.

The Golder: Purflain, is molt
difficult to raife; to that in hot
Weather it is difficult to make
it row, even upon Hot-beds,
an under Bells, for it feldom
profpers in open Beds ’till about
the Middle of 1114):, and then
too it Inuit be in very good,
l'weet, and loofe Earth, and in
very fair Weather. And unlefs
the Seafon be a little advanc’d,
it will dwindle away as foon as
it comes up, it‘ the Sun be a lit-
tle hot, as it commonly is to-
wards the End of April. And
for that Realbn, becaufe we are
not to begin to tow it on Hot,

P Y
beds till towards the Middle of
Marc}: ; therefore the green Para
jlm'n is only in Seafon in ‘the
Beginning of the Spring. ‘
Mr. Mortimer fays, That it is

a tender Herb, and is propagated [
with fome Difficulty, by Reafon

of the Froi‘ts nipping it: But

that, in Order to have it early, it ‘

may be fown on a Hot—bed, or
in flpril in any rich Soil, finely
drefs’d ; and when the Seeds are
fown, he advifes to clap the Bed

over with the Back of the Spade, :-

and to water it well. Thata-
bout the End of May, the Plants
be replanted, and (er a Foot
Difiance one from the other.
Being thus fown, it will yield
fair Plants, either to boil, to
pickle, or for Seed.

That for preferving the Seed,
the Stalks mul‘t be gather’d as
foon as the Seeds look very Hack,
and be laid abroad in the Sun
on a Board or Cloth in the Day-
time, but taken in at Nights,
’till they be ripe.
Seed of three Years old
than the new.

is better

PYRACANTHA, or EVER-
GREEN Tnonn.

95-
B 0 Tr] N [376' call this
. Shrub Pyramid/M, from Py-
rum, in Latin :1 Pear - Tree ,
and ”Amyao; Greek of "Am, a
Thor-n, as much as to fay, a
t/Jorrzv Pear-Tree. Its Leaves be-
ing like thofe of a wild Perm
Tree, and the Tree being thorny.
Defiriptiorz. ] Monf. Liger
thus defcribes it :
It is a thorny Shrub, {booting

 

 

out (everal Branches which bear
‘ Leaves

Some fay, the ‘

w.“ ./

it?

- di/IJ yellow Colour.

PY

l Leaves like thofe of a Wild Pear-
, Tree ; fome‘ round, indented on

, the Edges ; others oblong, and a

little pointed, and of a dark/la
green Colour. Along thefe
Branches grow Flowers, con-
filling of feveral Leaves of a red-
The Cup
of this Flower is leafy, and be-
comes a roundilh Fruit; it is
crowned, pulpy, and has a fingle
Capfula, containing feveral little
Stones, fill’d with oblong Ker-
nels.

This Shrub, Mr. Bradley lays,
has many Excellencies which are
not found in other Ever-greens
of the Parterre ; for befides the
Beauty of its Leaves, the Bunches
of white Bloffoms which it pro-
duces in Mary, are beautiful ; and
the Coral—like Beads, which hang
upon it all the leter in Clufters,
afford a molt delightful Profpeét;
and belides all thefe, the Strength
ofits Thorn makes it one of the
molt ufeful Plants for Hedges.
It delights in a dry, gravelly Soil.
Tho’ Monf. Liger fays, it takes
with all Ground, and- all Expo—
fures.

”74'! of Increaflng. ] This
Plant may be rais’d either from
Bern-er, Cuttiflgr or Layer! : Mr.
Bradley directs, That the Barrier
when they are full ripe, {hould
be order’d like thofe of the Holly,
for they ufually lie as long in the
Earth. Therefore, he advifes,
to give them to Fowls to eat
before they are fown, that by
being pafs’d thro’ their Bodies,
they may be the better prepar’d
to vegetate and come up the
fooner.

 

P Y

He fays, It has been obferv’d
in Devon/hire, That thofe Sorts
of Fowls that feed upon there
Berrier, fcatter them over the
Country, where they vegetate
exceedingly, and abound very
much: But being Plants which
have but a few Fibres at their
Roots, they are difficult \to be
tranfplanted ; therefore they
fhould be planted out into the
Places in which they are defign’d
to grow, by that Time they have
come up and flood a Yearor
two at molt.

In Multiplying thefe Plants by ~
Cuttingr, you mull fer the ten.
der Sprigs in Pots of fine Earth;
water them frequently, and keep
them fhaded from the Sun ’tilL
the ”/inter following ; and then
a warm Expofure will prepare
them to ihOOt firongly in the
Spring.

He alfo fays, Thefe Plants
thus rais’d, will be more eafily
tranfplanted, and with lefs Ha-
zard, than thofe that are rais’d
either of Seed: or Layerr.

To raife thefe Plants from
Layerr, you muft lay down only
fuch Branches as are tender, and
of the lafi Shoot; becaufe the
more woody Branches will not
[trike Root. The fame Rule
mutt be obferv’d in Laying all
Manner of Ever-greens.

He fays, That he has feen of
thefe Plants, that have been
train’d into Balls and Pyramids,
which have been almofi cover’d
with the fcarlet Berrier, in the
Winter- Time, when Nature
feem’d to be at mil in Other
Things. And alfo, that if it be

tightly

QU
gglitly manag’d and kept from

”ml and other rich Manure,
(Wthh will de'firoy it) it will
,- grow to be a large Tree.

‘Mr. Mortimer fays, ThiS'Tree
isa quick Grower, and deferves
a principal Place among thofe
'us’d for Fences, by Reafon of
its very firong and firm prickly
Branches, and Ever-greenLeaves :
But that it thrives belt in Stand-
ards ; beCaufe, by often clipping,
it is apt to grow fiicky. That
the Berries hang on the Tree
moft part of the Water, and lie
as long, in the Ground before
they fpring as the Haw-7720m—
Berries.

: '_ Mr. Lager fays, It is us’d in
Gardens for forming Pallifadoes,
Which indeed are very pretty;
and for making Hedges for fepa—
rating the great Knots one from
the Other. And Mr. Bradley has
f0 high a Value for it, that was
he to. make a Mater-Garden,
the Pymnmtlm fhould be no
finall Contributor to the Orna-
ment of it.

\

 

Q_U

1. Queen’s - GILLIFLOWER
Sce GILLIFLOWER.

z.‘ QUICK - BEAM, or VVILD-
H l S. Plant, fays Nlr.
rlIurtimer, is by fon'lc

Sonn
T call’d T/Je [rt/,7] fl/b,

QU

Proportion to its Bignefs, and is
jagged on the Edges; and that
the Tree bears red Berries, in-
fiead of Keys. Thefe Berries
are preceeded by Bloflbms of an
agreeable Scent. .

He fays, They delight to grow
on Hills and in Woods, and in
any dry Ground ; and are more
common in the Nari/gem Parts
of England than the Sozztbem :
And that they thrive Without
Shelter upon dry, fiony Land,

and molt cxpos’d Parts of the
Peak—bills in Dcrbyflfire.

He fays alfo, They are. bell
rais’d of the Berries, as foon as
they are ripe, which is in 062%
[zen They mull not be cover’d
with the Earth above an Inch
deep. But he did not know
whether they come up the firft
Year, or like the Alf/'2, lie in the
Ground ’till the following Spring.

In Tranlplanting, they are to
be order’d as the fi/l’J-Ti‘c’c’.

3. Q U I e K.
N R. [Mortimer ditcéts, That
when you plant Qaick, you
thould conlider the Nature of

: the Land you plant in g as Whe-

ther it be ‘/:z,\', Smart, Grace], 6996.
and what Sort of Plants will fuit
bell with each Sort of Soil. It
ought alto to be conlidcr’d, what
Sort of Soil the Plants are taken
from, whether it be worfe or
better than you deiign to plant
them in g or elle it will be difii—

 

and is :1 Species of wilfflyb, re—

cult to eaul‘e them to grow well.
5.

fembling the A/IJ both in Bark
and Leaf, except that the Leaf is
fomething finaller and longer, in ‘

£7: x, is

and upon the coldelt, bleakefi 3

,msmmwm * . "

“HUIL‘Iw-h my

' . ‘yefflma; ”7"»‘11 —.

Q U
FAs for the Manner of Planting
. {the difi‘erent Sorts of Quick; fee
l the Articles, Feneer, Hedger,
{yuuipen Thorn, Furz, b’c.

' 4. QUINCE vTREE.
?) UINC ES are (aid to have
‘I been brought to us from an
:lfland in the flrcbipelago, in the
j atitude of about thirty feven
lDegrees: They grow well in
1 England ; but ripen late.

Various Sorts. ] lVIr. [Mortimer

1t mentions five Sorts of Quince: .-
1. The Portugal Apple Quince,
1 which is a large, yellow F ruit;
I: tender, pleafant, and foon boil’d,
r; and is elleem’d the belt.
2. The Portugal Pear uince,
1 which is much, like the former,
,1 except in its Shape.

3. The Barbary Quince, WhiCh
l is lefR-r than the other ; as is the
_ Eng/if?) Quince, which is a very
l harfh Fruit, and cover’d with
' Down or Cotton.

4. The Lyon: Quince, Which
: is a large, yeti/ow Fruit.

5. The Brunfiuick Quince,

- which is a large, w/aite Fruit:
. Both the left are very good ; but
; the two firft Sorts are the befl
, of all.

Soil, ”74}! of Propagation, 5936-]
Quince: delight in a moifl Soil ;
may be rais’d of Slip; or Layerr,
or of Cutting; ; or they may be
Cleft-grafted in their own Kind ;
or they may be inoculated, which
will make them bear the fooner.

If you have a Quince-Tree
that grows to low, that you can
bring it to the Ground, either

~ -by Planting, or Otherwife, Mr.
{Mortimer advifes, to do it the

 

Q U
Beginning of the Winter ;- and
to cover it with Earth, except
the twolEnds of the Boughs'g
and every Twig will put forth
Roots, which being tranfplauted,
will make a Tree.

If Quince-Tree: are planted 01}
dry Ground, they {hould be
planted in OéZooer. .' _,-

They are better grafted in the ‘
Stock than in the Bark. . _, ‘

IVlr. Bradley fays, That for
the Generality Quince: are too
harfh in mofi Parts of Europe, to
be eaten raw; which makes him
apt to fufpet‘l, that forne of them
might have their Original feveral
Degrees more South than Crete;
And that there is inPortugal, 2
Sort of Quince that is fit for
Eating raw, as foon as it is taken
from the Tree; and, as he has
been inform’d, is a very pleafant
Fruit.

And tho’ he has not heard of
any Pcrfon that has try’d them
againfi a Wall; yet, perhaps if
they were planted againil a good
Sour/o Wall, they might be very
much amended 5 or be improv’d
by his new Propofition for Ri-
pening Fruit : ( See the Article
Rzpening.) Or if we had the
Sort mention’d, from Portugal,
perhaps they might be brought to
the fame Perfection.

Quincer, he fays, are rais’d ei-
ther from Cuttings, Layer: or
Sucker; taken from the Roots.
The Cutting: may be planted in
AToZtcr/ebcr, and they will readily
firike Root. The young Twigs
may be laid into the Earth in Fe~
éruury.

The Tree loves a moift Soil
and the Shade 5 is a natural

Fruit,

QU
Fruit, does not require Grafting,
and comes early to bear.

Mr. Mortimer fays, the belt
and 'mofi expeditious Way, to
raife a great Number of glim-
fiork: for a Nurfery, is to cut
down an old Quince-Tree in
March, within two Inches of
the Ground, and a great Number
of Sucker: will rife from the
Roots. When they are grown
half a Yard high, he advifes, to
cover them an Inch thick with
good Earth, and to water them
when the Seafons are dry. In
they/inter, as {con as they have
put forth Roots, they may be re-
moved into the Nurfery, Where
they will grow in'a Year or two
R), as to be fit to graft with
Peary.

Mr. Collin: fays, Whereas
Quince-Stock: are ufually budded
or grafted on, he thinks they are
not [0 00d for this Purpofe.
That a ree, ('viz.) a Pear-flock
produces a finer Tree, longer—
liv’d, and better Fruit.

He advifes the Planting only
the yellow Quince ; but to rejeét
the green one.

And Whereas it is a vulgar
Tradition, That there is a great
deal of an Aquatick Nature in a
Quince—Tree, he has found by Ex-
perience quite the contrary.

He adds, That he had two
Trees out of a Parcel, to be
planted on a fmall Ifland, which
was a very good Soil, and had
been made (‘0 by Mud call out
of the More. His two Trees
were planted on a high Ground,
and at the End of ten Years,
were thiclrer'fhan the Calf ofa

none of his Neighbours Trees ‘
that were fo thick as the Small
of a Man’s Leg. And whereas .
his Neighbours Trees did blow '

for molt Years, yet the Fruit fell
ofi‘ at half their Growth, or
fooner: Tho’ he had in that
Time gather’d five or fix Buihels
from his two Trees, and tho’
his Neighbours Trees were near
twenty in Number, he had nee
ver gather’d to the Quantity of a
Peck from them.

This yellow Pear Quince, he
fays, will make a noble Figure
on an Eafi or Wefl Wall, being
a Tree that is capable of being
laid tolerably handfome; and the
Fruit will be much larger than
if on Standards. But it ought
not to be prun’d as Pear; are;
but the Wood of the 12111 Year is
to be laid in between the Lines,
being only tipp’d at the Ends,
andall the Knots which project
or come forward, being taken
off.

5. Qumcunx ORDER.
R E E S planted in taimzmx

T Order, are fuch as are plant:
ed as follows :

X . RACE?

 

Man’s Leg; Whereas there were,

RA

 

R A
1. RACEMIFEROUS.

ACEMIFER 0 Us, fig-
nifies Bearing in Clufiers.

2. RADIATE.

RADIATE FLOWERS,
are fuch as have their Leaves
dilpos’d in the Form of Rays.

3 To RADICATE.

O radirate, fignifies to take
Root.

T

4. RADICLE.

A D I C L E, denotes that

Part ofth: Seed of a Plant,
which upon its Vegetation be—
comes its Root. This is that
which in making Illa/t ihoots
forth, and is call’d the Come or
Comb.

s. RADISHES.

To procure tlye Semi]

ADISHES are a good

Garden Root, that are mul-
tiply’d by Seed, which grows in
little Cods, thickilh, round, and
of 3 Cinnamon Colour. Thofc
Rodi/her, which are the belt to
fave the Seed from, are thofe
that produce but few Leaves and
a red Root. The Stocks that
run to Seed fnoot out their

 

L

R A‘

Branches very high, [‘0 that it will
be proper to pluck them ofi‘ to a
reafonable Height, that the firfl
Stocks may be the better nous
rifhed. The Seed ripens, and is
fit to be gathered at the latter
End of yuly; when you mutt
cut down the Stems, and lay
them to dry fome Days in the
Sun; and when they are dry
enough, beat our the Seeds, .

Way of Propagation, 86.] To
have them early, they are ufually
[‘0er on a Hot-bed, with a fuf-
ficient Thicknefs of good, rich,
light Mould, that they may have
Depth enough to root in, before
they reach the Dung. And that
they may grow large and clean,
Mr. Mortimer advifes, to make
Holes a Finger deep, at about
three Inches difiance one from
another, and to put a good Seed
or two into each Hole; then to
cover them but a little with
Earth, leaving the reft of the
Hole open; by which Means
they will grow to the Height of
the Hole before they fpread their
Leaves, and to Will produce a
long, firait, tranfparent Root;
and fome of them may be had
for Eating in the Months of Fe-
éruary, Marc]: and flpril.

Soil, 65%.] Mr. Bradley fays,
They chiefly covet a fond}: Soil,
or other 11gb: Ground, well
wrought with the Spade: And
may be fown in fuch Land, any
Time between the Months of
February and Septeméer, always
obferving this Rule, that the hot-
ter the Seafon is, the Ground
you fow them in be the more in
the Shade.

Mr.

‘R A

E ' Mr. Mar-timer fays, That in
Order? to be fupply’d with them
allltheothet Months, they may
be fown all the Year, among
molt other Seeds, they being of
to quick Growth, that they will
be fit to be drawn before they
can do any Harm to other
Plants. '

Mr. Bradley fays, He has fown
fome Seeds‘ of the Spdflffl7 Radi/ly,
in flugufl, that have been fit to
draw juft at the Beginning of
'lentemand have‘lafied good ’till
the February following. And
that in Order to have a Crop to
fucceed thefe, it is cuftomary to
fOW fome at Mickaelmrzj}, that
f0 they may be above Ground in
their Seed- Leaf only before
Water; and, if they have the
Shelter of a warm Wall, will
be in Seafon about March.

The bigger Roots, that are ac-
counted the belt, are fuch as are
tranfparent, eat fhort and quick,
but not too biting nor firingy.
They require good \Vatering in
dry Weather.

In Order to have Radi/ber
early, that is, towards Cbrr'flmaf:
or Candlemafr, Monf. Quintiney
directs to few them in Hot—beds
about the Middle of November.

The Manner he directs, for
Sowing Radi er, is to beat
down the Superficies of the
Mould With a Board, to keep it
from rolling into the Holes that
are made to fow the Rodi/7m in 5
then to mark out with a awaited
Line erofs and crofs the Bed at
four Inches Difiance ; and then
with a round planting-Stick an
Inch thick, to make the Holes
at the Corner of each Square,

 

R A
and to put no more than three’ ‘
Radi/IJ-Seeds in every Hole; and .4
if any more Seed: lhould chance :
to fall in, to pull up all that 1‘
[ball come up above the Number '
of three.

If there be more than three
Radi/be: in a Hole, they will be
apt to have a great many Leaves,
and but little Roots.

And if in Felzrzmry or March,
Lettuce: be fown between the
Radi/ber, the Holes {hould be
made at eight Inches Difiance;
and the Lettuce: will be ready to
gather before the Kali/bar.

If it {honld freeze very hard,
it will be proper to cover the
Beds with long Litter for five
or fix Days; and belides that,
Straw—Skrcens or Coverings fi1p~
ported upon traverfe Frames or
Cradles made of Stakes, or other
Poles of Wood, may be alfo
made Ufe of to defend them
from the Rigour of the Winter;
being plae’d near the Superficics
of the Mould, and the Sides
clofe flopp’d up: And if the
Frof’t fhould grow very fevere,
new Dung may be laid over the
Straw-Skreens But if it be mo-
derate, there will be no Occa-
[ion for it. s

Rudy/yer being fown after this
Manner, he fays, will come up
in five or fix Days Time. And
if the Holes fhould not have
foxne Air, they would be fmo«
ther’d and grow dwindling, in
piercing through the fmall Straw.

Mefl‘. London, 8:. fays Ra—
di/be: are extremely fenfible of
the excefiive Heats in Summer-
Time, and thofe make them
grow biting and thingy, and

fomev

: advifes, to make Beds along the
, Northern - Walls ,
: Mould at leafl aFoot and half
- deep, and to few the Radz'flier

RA

fometimes very hard ; and there—
fore in that Seafon they lhould
be fown in lool‘e, mellow
Ground, Where they may have
but little Sun ; and therefore he

fill’d with

in them, and water them well :
But In'SPi‘ifig and Amman they
will take well enough in open
Ground, and in the open Air.

6. Honse-Ramsn.

HE Haifi-Rddifir?! are in-
creas’d by Plants, or by Pie-

tcs of the Root planted out.
Mr. flforfimcr advil‘cs, That if
you dig up any of the Roots for
Ufe, to cut the Root ofl‘, leav-
ing about an Inch in Length
joining to the Leaves, and to
cut the Leaves lhorter in Propor—
tion; and having done this, to
plant them again ; and if the
Weather be dry, to water them,
and they will grow and increafe.
IVIr. Bradley fays, He has
known fome Gardeners plant
the Roots of Horfe—Raa’i/IJ in a
Piece of Ground three or four
Inches deep, and after having
let it {land for three Years, have
taken it up for Market. But a
Friend of his made Ufe of a
quicker and better Way, which
is as follows : To dig a Trench
about three or four Foot Wide,
and about a Foot and half deep,
in 21 Soil more inclin’d to Sand
than Clay; and about Mic/mel-
~7/Iaf} having cut fome Roots in

R A

of the Trench, and then to cover
them with the Earth that was ta-
ken out of it; and the Spring
following they will have {hot
above Ground five or fix Heads
from each Piece of Root, and
they will have been Well-grown,
firong, fitait, without Knots,
and fit to be taken up for Ufe,
the Mic/aaelmaf} following.

Mr. [Mortimer fpeaks Of. the
black Radi/h ; but this, he lays,
is to mean a Root, as not to
find a Place in a good Garden;
And he adds, That thofe Ra-
di/bc: are belt that grow on
brackifh Lands, and are watered
with brackilh Water.

7. RAIN.

R A IN is generally accounted
to be crude Vapours of the
Earth, but‘more efpecially of the
Sea, drawn up from thence by the
attractive Power of the Sun, or
carried thitherward by Pulfion,
and wafted by the Winds into
the aerial Region; by Which Sub-
limation and Rarefaétién, and
the virtual Qualities of the Sun
and Air, are formed into Clouds.
The Crudities are difpelled, and
thefe Clouds fufpend and hang
in the Air ; and though it may
be thought impoflible that they
lhould be [‘0 fufpended in the
Air, by Reafon of their great
Weight and Preffure, yet it will
not feem f0 if it be confider-
ed.
When thefe Vapours are thus
drawn up to any confiderable
Height, the Strength of the Air,

 

Pieces, of about three Inches
long, to fow them in the Bottom

which is underneath them, and

 

thich flill grows greater and
[greater

It A
greater, and. by its Motion un-
dulating this Way and that
Way, they rife gradually thro’
the Air. ,

This is demonflrable by Pa-
per Kites, which after they are
mifed to about fixty Foot high,
do rife eafier, and with greater
Swiftnefs; and the higher {till
the better and {tronger they fly.
Thefe Clouds being thus arriv-
ed into the upper Region of the
Air, they are foon aggregated
and condenfed into Bodies and
Clouds. And tho’ they are
blown here and' there, they are
fiill fufpended, ’till they are re-
leafed from their Imprifonment
by the genial Difpofition of the
Sun, or by the natural Warmth,
Humidity and Rarefaélion of the
din '

In Rain there are two difiinét
Properties or Specier, the one
which ferves for the Dzfllution
of the Salt: of the Earth, and
the other is a terrqflrial Matter,
which it meets with in its sua-
limatim, which may with fome
Propriety be called either Salt or
Nitre; and both thefe are ufe-
ful in the Bufinefs of Vegeta-
tron.

Rain is operative in diffolving
the Salt: that are in the Earth;
and alfo cools and bathcs the
Cortex or Skin, of all Vegeta-
bles; and, by a Sort of Relaxa-
tion, caufes the Sap to pafs up
more freely, and by that Means
the Tree to grow and {hoot
the better. ‘

Thefe foggy humid Vapours,
arifing out of the Ground, fife.
of which R1123: is formed, would
inevitably fiagnate and poii‘qi

 

RA

"the whole Face of the Earth;

were they not fublimated by the
Air, and drawn up by the” All

.fii‘tance of the Sun into the up-

per Regiom ; but being there ra—
refied, they are made of fecond
ufe in Vegetation.

Mr. Le Clerc fays Rm'iz dii‘1
fers from Dew only in this, that
De-w falls at fome particular
Times, and in very final] Drops .
f0 as to be feen when it is
down, but fearce perceivable
while it is falling, whereas Rain
is groffer and falls at any
Time.

It is not to be doubted, but
that Rain drops out of the
Clouds, becaufe we don’t find it
rain, but Where Clouds are to
be feen; and by how much
the fairer the Weather is the fel-
domer it mim.

As to how the Clouds become
condeni‘ed and difcharge them-
felves upon the Earth in Raim,
this may be attributed fingly or
jointly, to feveral Caufes which
produce this Effect.

The Coldnefs of the Air may
caufe th'c Particles of the Clouds
to lofe their Motion, and become
lefs able to refif‘t the Gravity of
the incumbent Air, and come-4
quently to yield to its Prcffure
and fall to the Ground.

2. The Wind may colleét the
Vapours in fuch Abundance, as
firfi to form very thick Clouds,
and then to fqueeze thofe Clouds
together, till the watery Particles
make Drops too big to hang any
longer in the Air.

He obferves that all Winds
do not produce Rains, but only
fuch as colleét a great Quantity.

0

R A .
of Vapours. Thus in Holland
H’q/Z Winds are rainy, becaufe
they come from the Ocean, and
blow up the Vapours, Eafl
Winds blow clear becaufe they
c0me over large Traéts of Land.
Nort/a Winds are mix}! becaufe
they come from the Nortla Sea,
but not to rainy as the U’efl;
becaufe the cold Nort/a does
not yield fuch a Quantity of Va~
pours, as the kinder Climate of
the Britam'c/e Ocean : Sour/2
Winds bring Rain. too ; for that
they confifling of Vapours, raif-
ed by the Heat of the Sun, in a
hot Quarter, and to being ele-
vated above others in the Air,
feem to lie upon our Clouds
and prefs them down towards
the Earth.

But notwithfianding, there are
many Exceptions in thofc Cafes
according to the Variety of
Caufes confpiring to the fame
Efi‘cét, many of which we know
nothing of.

Again, Rain may be produced
after this Manner; If the Va-
pours rife in to great Abundance
as to reach and mingle with
the Clouds above them, then
they caufe Raiu in very large
Drops ; and this may happen in
fiill, fultry Weather, for then
the Clouds Which are over our
Heads, have no fenfible Motion,
and in the mean time the Heat
fills . the Air With Vapours ,
which joining with the Clouds,
and ('0 being flopped in their
Progref‘s, open a Paflage-for the
Stores in the Clouds to defcend
upon the Earth.

Sometimes alfo 'the warm
Wind thaws the Clouds into

V o L, H, '

 

. R A

Drops, as we the Snow dili‘olve
ed by Heat ; now by how much
the thicker and fooner any fuch
Cloud was gathered, the larger
are the Drops . that come from
it, becaufe a greater Store of Va-
pours was condenfed there. From
thence it is, that in Summer time
we have fudden Showers of
Rain in very large Drops. _

It ought alfo to be remem-
bred, that in ~thofe Countries
which lie between the Tropic/Er,
Where they have the Sun vertical,
the Rain pours doWn for feveral
Weeks to ether, more like Pails
full than $rops. And it is ve+
ry probable that this is, becaufe
at that Time the Sun draws up
Abundance of Vapours, and ra-
refies them extremely, [‘0 that
they are elevated as high as poi?-
fible, and then are precipitated
at once, being too copious and
heavy to hang any longer in the
Air; and befides there may fom’e-
times be a Cocurrence of neigh-
bouring Vapours, which will be
ready to crowd into that Part 0
the Air, which is moft rarefied by
the Heat of the Sun meeting
With the Vapours, which are raif-
ed in that Place, produce very
great Clouds and Rain.

If any ask how the Dropsof
falling Water come to be round,
as in Rain. It is anfwered, that
this does not happen by any Dif-
pofition peculiar to Water, but
becaufe the Drops are equally
preffed by the Air on every Side,
and thereby forced into a round
Figure ; the Refifiance of the
Particles as well as the Prefl'ure
of the Air being equal every

Way ;

» R A‘
Way: But others give other
Reafons For it.

8. RAINBOW.

_ HE Rainbow is made by the
, ' Sun ihining upon the Drops
of RdinL' ' » '

' The following Properties are
afitribed t0 the ' Rainéow.

I. That it never appears but
in a Place Oppoiite to the Sun,
f0 that' ‘when ' we look direétly
at it, the Sun is always behind
us.

‘ a. That when the Rainéow
appears it always mz'm {ome—
Where.

" 3'. That the conflant order
of the Colours is, that the out—
mofl'is; red or Safiron Colour,
the next is yellow, the third is
green, the fourth and inmoit is
Wald or blue; but thefe Co—
lours are ' not always equally
bright.

4; Sometimes two Rainéowr
appear together,} one of which is
higher and larger than the other,
and ihews the‘aforefaid Colours
But in an inverted Order.

' 4. The "Rainbow is always ex—
actly round, but does not al-
ways appear equally intire, the
upper or lower Parts being ve-
ry'o'f'ten wanting.

6. Its apparent Breadth is al-
ways the (lane. ' y

7. That thofe that fiand upon
plain low Ground never fee a—
bove halt‘its Circle, and often—
times not fo much.

8. The higher the Sun is a-
bove the Horizon, the lefl‘erof
the Circle is fcen ; and if there
be. 110 Cloud to hinder, the low-
er the more of it.

R A p

9. That never any Rainéow’
appears when the Sun is above
forty one Degrees forty fix Mi- ‘
nutes high.

9. RAMIFICATION.

Collection of finall Bran-
ches iffuing out of large

A

01105.

ro.RAMP10NS.

RA .M P 10 NS are Plants,

the tender Roots of which

are eaten in the Spring like
thofe of Radi/lyer, but are much
more nouriihing.

n. RANUNCULUS.
H E Rammmlm‘ is thus def-
cribed by Moni‘. Liger.

Defiriptiomj This Plant ihoots
forth Leaves from the Root, cut
in very deep and little Stalks, at
the Ends of which grow Flow;
ers, in the Form of Rofes, which
are generally fupported by Cups,
which have all'o many Leaves;
out of the Middle of which grows
a Chive, which in Proeefs of time
becomes a Fruit, roundiih, con-
taining feveral Seeds, which are
oftentimes expofed to View.

He adds, that the Rammed-
lm is one of the molt efleemed
among the Flowers that adorn
a Garden; and if it were odorife-
rous, it would he a Mailer-piece
in Nature. '

Mr. Bradley fays, for its beau-
tiful Flower'it is delirable next
to the Tulip, ,and that there
are to many Varieties of it .
' brought

 

1—

. R A
brought from York: every Year,
that it would be re ious to men-
tion their Names, andare bete-
ter to be known by View than
by Defcription; and therefore he
mentions only fome few Sorts of
them, viz, that they bear their
Bloffoms in April and May,
upon Stalks about fix or eight
Inches high ; the douhle flowering
Kind: are crowded With Peta/r,
or flower Leaves, after the Mane
net of the Province Rafe, and
that fome of them are as large;
the Colours of them, that he
has feen, are deep fearlet: vein-
ed with green and gold Colours,
yellow tipp’d With red,- -white fpot-z
ted With red, Orange Colours,
plain white, yellow with block,
and one Sort of a Peach Bloom
Colour.

Mr. Mortimer fays of them,
that Rammculm’s excel all Flow-

ers in the Richnefs of their Co-.

(our, nor are any Flowers [‘0
fine and fair as the larger Sorts
of them; of which there are a
great Variety which he enume-
rates, the double reel Ramwm-
1m of Alia, the flrip’cl ones, the
double yello-w-Crc-w-Fbot, or flfi-
an Rammmlm, the Cloth of Sil-
tler-Cro-weFoot, and the double
white—Crow-Foot of Car/did, the
film/fer of Rome, very tiCh and
'double, the firip’d Moflfler, the
Purim of Rome, the Ranumztlm
of fileppo, the Ferim, the Ferim
Trot/ye and the [Moral/la.

Of the fingle ones he recom—
mends the following' as the bell,
the golden Ranumulm firip’d
With fmrlez‘, the Rafi/z Frize, the
351217207}, the Didomom, the flfri-

R A‘
to», the Melidore, the Pomijko‘,
the Romo'n, Es’c; - ‘

The fingle Kinds, Mr; Brad'-
~ley fays, often grow taller than
the others, and are Commonly
variegated With pleafant Colours,
and produce the Seed: by WhiCh
you may. propagate both the fins
gle and double Kinds;

Mr. Liger lays, that a Romm-
mlm whofe ground COlour is
white, with red Streaks well di-‘
ilinguiihed is accounted Very fine,
and thofe that are yellow {peck-
led with red, and thofe that are

”of a Rafe Colour Without, and

white Within, are very much va-

ilued. That thofe which are the

lean} efieemed are the Peom'er,
Whol‘e Flower is quite red ; the
white, the gold Colour, the pale
yellow, the Citron Colour and
hro-wm'jh red, are always to be
prefer’d before them.

Soil] Mr. Mortimer faYs, they
are to be planted in a very rich,
dry Earth,well dung’d; others fay,
in a fat and moilt Earth mix’d with
Garden Mould, and fome com-
mend the mixing of human Dung
With the Soil you fet tnem in.
Mr. Bradley ftys, the 802'! they
moil delight in is rotted Leaves,
or fuch Soil as may be taken
from the Surface of the Earth
in Woods, or Groves of long
fianding, and that Tanners Bark,
or the Bottom of a Wood Pile
well lifted and mix’d With one"
third Part of natural Soil, are
very proper for them. Mr. Li-
ger fays, the yellow Rdfl'unmlz‘tr
with Flowers like Rue, thrive
better in Pots than open Ground,
if you giVe' them only a com«

 

Q 2. pound

R A
pound of Kitchen Garden Earth,
‘ which,is very fubftantial and im-
pregnated with a great many
Salts. '
. ,U’a' of maltijabving] Mr Brad-
ley fays, thefe Plants are increaf-
.ed by Ofietr, found about the
Roots when taken up, and may
likewife be propagated from Seedr
faved from the fingle Kinds, and
fome doubles; but as they rarely
' ripen in England, we have hither-
to been beholden to the Frem‘la for
them ; they are fome what tender,
and require fome Shelter in the
Winter ; efpecially if they have
begun to fpring before the Frofis.
Thefiedling Plants come up the
Spring after they are fown, and
bloffom the fecond Year.

C ultztre.] NIr. Mortimer fays,
when they come up in [Ware/a or
April, they ought to be frequent—
ly watered; and that their Leaves
being once nipt by the Frolt, of—
ten kill them to the Roots; but
whereas you may perceive it by
their éro-wn Colour ; if you co-

_ver them often it Will recover
them.

He adds, they are to be taken
up about flflafammer, and kept
dry in Papers or Boxes till they
are fer again, or they {hould be
taken up fooncr or later, accord-
, ing as the Weather is dry or
wet, and when they are taken
up put into a dry Place, that they
may be throughly dry before they
are put into Boxes,» that they
may not grow mouldy ; for that
will eaufe them to rot when
you replant them.

' Mr. Bradley fays, they fhould
be taken out of the Ground
when they are out of flower,

 

an

and the" Stalks and Leaves are.

decayed ; and having well dry‘d
them in the Sun, muft be pre-
ferved in dry Sand till the latter
End of September, which if the
Ground be not over wet, -is the
belt Time for replanting them ;
and to this Monf. Liger a—
grees.

Mr. .Mortimer recommends
the fetting of them in Deceméer,
for that he fays, they will come
up too foon if fet earlier, and
are apt to be defiroyed by the
Frofis, unlefs they be daily co-
vered and carefully aired; and
then in fuch cafe you may plant
them in ()éi‘olzer, which lhould
be done about two Inches deep
in the Earth, and Mr. Liger
fays, four Inches dil’tant one
from the other, in Holes made
by a Dibble, round at the Bot-
tom, not pointed.

He alfo advifes the laying
their Fangs in Water, for twen-
ty four Hours, where by imbib-
inglthe Moilture, they will be
better difpofed to grow when
planted.

He fays, the Rezmmczelm’s mull:
always be planted apart by

WWWMVNe—Vw'e’m: at? .:

mama-Mira .

' 'wnw we. r

 

themfelves ; becaufe they are of

to particular a Nature, that they
will not thrive near any other
Flower. ,

Mr. Bradley gives us the fol-
lowing Account, of what he
calls one of the molt furprizing
Produétions of Nature that he
had met with :

That having heard of the Ex-
cellencies of fome of'thefe Flow-
ers, from Perfons who were very
good Judges, and who had feen
them in their Bloom, he went to

v1 6

R A'
\view a Colleétion of Seedling-
i Kannaalm’r, Which had been
:- rais’d by Mr. Potter, a Gardener
rat Mitcbam in Surrey : And that
the never had in his whole Life
rmet with any that were (‘0 agree—
rable to him in the Beauty of their
.Colours, the Variety of their
»' Make, or the Largenefs of their
Blolrom: And tho’ there were
:many Hundred difiinét Sorts of
; them, he could not fay which of
‘them pleas’d him bell. \
That there were many of them
1 which had all the Properties of
.2 a good Flower ; and the tell were
' very different from what ever
thad been feen in England, and
: indeed fuch as he never expected
to. fee. ‘ '
As for their Colours, they were
"from the clearefi wlzite to the
darkefl purple, excepting only the
name blue, to carry them through
all the Colours t0 the deepefi
black .- Some ofthem were entire-
ly of one Colour. The Peta/r
or Flower - Leaves of others
* llrip’d with various Colours,

R 'A‘

Some of them had the Shape
of thofe Rammmlus’: which are
call’d the Turks Turban“, and
thofe Sorts that are ufually cul-
tivated in Gardens, extremely‘
double, and alfo blow very tall :
Some of them floWer like dou-
ble finemmier; and Others of
them again like the fineft double
Poppier, and bear Blofloms as
large as Peom‘er. Some had
the Forms of Rafe: of feveral
Sorts, their F lower—Leaves be-"
ing in that Shape, and difpos’d
in the fame Manner. Some of
them had a Star-like Figure;
and others turn’d their Leaves
back, and form’d the Figure of a
Globe : And forne of them were '
of fuch odd Figures, that he' is
at a Lofs what to compare them
to.
The molt of thefe Flowers
blow’d near two Foot high, and
branch’d out plentifully from the
Root, (‘0 that it is no rare thing'
for one Root to produce near
forty Flower Buds, into Blof-
fom with good Strength. They

 

which as the Camatiom call’d

grew and brought their Bloffoms

Flake: do, mark quite through.,1nuch after the fame Manner as
Some again pounced or pow-fthe great yellow Rcizumulm’: of

der’d with the gayelt Colours,§
like the Piekateer. Others were
ting’d on the Edges with Varie-
ties of Colours : And the Cen-
ters of fome of them fiained
with Colours directly oppofite’
to thofe of their other Leaves.
As to the Figure or Make of I
thefe F lowers,fome of them were '
. in Shape like the flfrican—fllary—
- goldr, and others like the Frencla-
JMarygo/dr; and alfo refembled
L them in their Colours.

the Meadows, which hold in

iFlower near three Months, and

are very hardy.

Many of thefe Flowers were
Semi-doubles, which produce
Seed that ripens very well, and
fprings out of the Ground with
a little Trouble. The Seed.
bearing Vefi‘els of fome of them
were extraordinary, being of a
bright yellow Colour. And it
would be endlefs to mention
every remarkable Difference in

 

them.
Q 3 He

R A

He adds, That tho’ the Ori-
ginal of thefe Flowers came
from Per/fa, yet he finds their
Off-springs are very hardy, and
refill the.Frofis better than the
old Sorts of Ranumulm’s will ;
and. if the Ground be but rightly
prepar’d for them, will flourifh
anywhere.

The Account he gives of the
Soil of Mr. Potzem’s Garden, is,
That it is a pretty light, natural
Soil, with a gravelly Bottom:
But as to the F lower- beds, they
are made with the following
Compofition, 'viz. Some of the
Surface of the natural Earth,
rotted Leaves, rotted Horfe-
Dung and Cow-Dung; which
having lain together in a Heap
for fotne Time, is afterwards
lifted very fine.

The Beds being prepar’d, he
plants. the Roots about Mic/mel-
mafs, burying the Bud of the
Root about two Inches and a
half deep. When they begin to
appear above Ground, he fhelters
them with Mats in frofiy Wea-
- ther; and as they begin to rife,
the Bed may be cover’d about
half an Inch thick with afrefh
Coat of the Mixture before men-
tion’.d,; and this will greatly
i‘trengthen the Roots, and in an
efpecial Manner allill the new
Roots or Olfsets.

But this muf’t be done with a ‘

great deal of Caution, for Fear
of hurting either the Leaves or
the Stalks : For every Stalk that
is either bruifed or broken, pre—
judices the Root till the Plants
come to flower; and even then
too, if the Blolfoms be cropp’d
frequently.

 

R A

The Reafon for thus Coating
the Beds with freih Earth, is,
that the Roots of the Rammm-
lm’s that are put into the Ground,
always produce Offsets near an
Inch about them, and as they
grow, the Mother—Roots decay.
And thefe very new Roots con-
tribute to the Blofl'oming of the
Plants; becaul‘e they join with
the F lower-Stalks, and help to
nouriih them, as well as receive
Nouriihment from them. And
upon this Account, the freih

Earth is afiil‘ting both to them, .‘

and to the Flowers.
Mr. Bradley, giving this Ac-

count to 3‘. S. Efq; takes Occa~.

lion to tell him, That as his
Soil is firong and binding; he,
upon a Soil that was ['0 flirt“
that it was judg’d to be fit for
nothing but Bricks, had very

”or” “W? “t / '1

’ warm:

good Succel‘s in the Culture of '

Rzmzmmlm’s. Tho’ many are
of Opinion, that a Clay Country
will not blow Rammculm’s; nay
that they will not live in it, al-
tho’ the Beds fhould be prepar’d
with a proper Soil.
. He adds, That if on fuch 3
Soil the Beds were prepar’d ac—
cording to the common Method,
we might’expeé‘t, that the Roots
would be defiroy’d, or elfe
would produce but very weak
Flowers. “ ' '
The ufnal ’VVay he (peaks of,
of making Rammczzlm—Beds, is,
by digging Trenches in this
Clay-Ground, and filling them
with good, light lifted Mould :
But this Method, he finds by Ex-
perience, is not good; becaufe
Trenches dug in Clay-Ground,
are like Bafons to receive :1111
- .» 4 NC

R A
Tthe Water that falls ; [‘0 that the
fine Earth that thefe Trenches
.: are fill’d with, becomes a meer
iBog; which corrupts and chills
the Roots, altho’ they be planted
rabove where the Surface of the
lClay reaches. And an unwhol-
I fome Vapour will arife from the
fianding Water at the Battom,
r and the Wet below keeps the
gEarth at the upper Part of the
,. Bed f0 continually moifi, that
r Rammulm’s cannot endure it :
' Nor will the beft Drains that
. can be made from thefe Sort of
, Beds cut in Clay, fufliciently
drain away the Wet they receive,
., altho’ the Ground lies upon a
, hanging Level.
Therefore, where the Ground
' is fuch, he advifes, to take 01?
the fuperficial Soil that covers it,
to the Depth of three or four In-
ches, without entering the Clay
at all; and then to lay on a little
Coat of Sea-Coal Afhes, or Lime
Rubbifh ; and to raife a Bed nine
or twelve Inches thick upon this
Coat, with fuch Earth or Mix-
ture as has been mention’d a~
bove ; or, one third rotted
Leaves, and one third Melon—
Earth, all well mixt and lifted.
He fays, He has alfo had very
good Succefs with Rammculm’s,
in Mould, being the Parings of
the Surface of large Woods,
which was chiefly rotted Wood
and Leaves, which he fuppos’d
to have lain there many Years.
He chofe that Soil, becaufe he
had obferv’d the common Ra-
. mmmlur, call’d Pilewort, to
grow and profper wonderfully
there,

R A

And a certain Gardener at
A620», who made Beds for Ra—
numulm’s, of Tanners Bark,
found they grew and profpered fo’
well in it, that he had feldom
let‘s than the Increafe of eight or
ten Roots for every fingle one
that he put into the Ground,

Mr. Bradley alfo obferves,
That the Pathstor Alleys Which
are between thefe Rammtalzir—
Beds, {hould be fill’d up, either
with Sea-Coal Alhes, Brick of
Lime Rubbifh, or Sea-Sand, to
draw of the over- abounding
Moifiure from the.Beds, and
keep the Beds as dry as may be.
But if none of thefe can well be
had, Grafs—Turf will help to
keep them dry in the Water,
which Rdmmmlm’s do require;

He fays, The molt favourable
Expofure for a Rmmmzzlzzr, is
that which has moft Sun, it be-
ing a firong Flower, has -Need
of a great deal of Heat for gain-
ing a fine lively Colour. And
that if you would make it lafl:
long, you need only to cover it
during the great Heat, with fome
Linnen-Cloth waxed and fup-
ported with Stakes. _

Mr. Mortimer advifes , if '
you would keep them long in
Flower, to cover them from the
Heat of the Sun only ; and when
they have almol‘t done flower-
ing, to uncover them, that they
may dry in the open Air, ‘
As to the yellow Rammmlm’s,
with Flowers like Rue, Mon?
Liger fays, you are to difp‘rana,
them in the NIOIith OfSeptem/L‘rrr :;
and after you have fcvcr’d th
little Fangs from them, to plant

 

them out of Hand. If}? Lt?
Q fl- planner;

RA

planted in Pots, he advifes,‘ as
{con as its Leaves begin to wi-
ther, to carry the Pots to fome
clofe Place, to fecurc the Plants
from the Rains of Augufl, for
fear they fhould {hoot forth new
Roots; or, which is better, ha-
ving difplanted it as foon as the
Leaves begin to fall, to plant
them immediately in fome mady
Place where the Sun never
comes, that the Sammer-Rains
finking gently to theirRoots, may
difpofe them for fineProdué‘tions.
The white dart/ale Rammculm
requires the fame Culture, unlefs
that when its Leaves are fallen,
you mufl fet it in the Shade, and
not difplant it till the Beginning
of Autumn, when you are to
take of? its Fangs from it, and
traalfplant it immediately; or elfe
it will be apt to change, and not
produce to fair Flowers.

1 2. To RAREFIE.

TO Rarefie fignifies to make
thiIL ,

t3. RASBERRIEs.
B radley

Variom Sorta] MR.
mentions

but two Sorts of them, the Red
and the wbize : The w/aite is the
greater Rarety, but hardly of to
good a Flavour. 1VIr. [Mortimer
reckons three Sorts, the common
wild- one, the large red Carder-
Rarberry, which, he fays, is one
of the pleafantcfl Fruits, and the
au/aite, little inferiour to the red.
' Soil and Propagation] They
delight in the fame Soil that
@rra-wlvsrriw do ; and are pro:

RA

pagated by Slip: that fprout out
0t their Stocks every Year, and.

arc taken from the Roots in

March, (which Mr, Bradley ac~.

counts the belt Seafon ;) and are

fit to replant the next Spring af~ ), ‘
ter. The Fruit begins to ripen *

about the Beginning of. 3911}.
Mr. .Mortimcr directs, to leave
the Diflance of two Foot bee
tween Plant and Plant, whether
planted in Beds or Borders.

Mr. Bradley fays, fome Gar-
deners plant fingle Lines of
them, at about a F oor. Diflancc
between Plant and Plant : And

that others plant them in Beds ‘

three Foot wide, three Rows in
each Bed; both WhiCh Ways
fuceeed very well.

That after they have been

planted, they will the firfi Sum-

mer fling up fome Suckers from"

the Roots, and put fome few
Shoots from the old Stems, that
were left {landing when they
were planted; but no Quantity

of Fruit can be expected from,

them the fitfl Year, by Reafon
thol‘e Stems are never left above
a Foot long, when they are
planted out ; nor indeed are any
vigorous Shoots to be expeétcd
from them till the fecond Year ;
to that it will be the third Sum-
mcr after their Planting, before a
full Crop can be expected, be-
caufe the Fruit is always to be
found upon the Shoots of‘ the
proceeding Year. " .

Nit. Mortimer fays, That (111*
ring the Summer—Time, they
{hoot out many' well-rooted
Suckers, fome of which may be
takeli'away’ to make "new Planj

 

tations, and to renew old ones:
- 4' for

 

 

:.‘,t~s.f.'tw~?—>'“3-«~ .- 7;:

RA

.1er that they are dry as foon as
their Fruit is gathered, and
itherefore he advifes, not to cut
1the Tops to a round Bufl1,be—
:ca-ufe this makes them grow [‘0
lthick, that they will neither bear
mor ripen their Fruits fo well as
tit“ theyg Grew taller and thinner
Cult.” m. ] Mr.B Bradley fays,
’The chiet Culture neceffary, is
to keep the Plants clear 0f Weeds
1,n the Sprmg, and 1n [Hare/7 to
:prune the Tops of the firongefl
éShoots of the lafi Year, leaving
them about three Foot high.

IVII‘. [Mortimer direéts, Fir/l, in
'ZlIarelr to lhorten all their new
fShoots, which grow round about
:the Stock, and which ought on—
ily to be the thickefl and hand-
?fomcfi. Secondly, To pluck a-
:way all the dead old ones, and
: alfo the fmall ones. And Third-
‘1), to cut them jufi above the
Lbearing Part, to let the Sun into

them, aI ortnight or three Weeks
before they are ripe, and doing

thefe Things will make them
.. bear the better.

He adds, That they are apt to
be pefler’d with green Lice, that
are pernicious to them ; to free
them from which, he advif‘es, to
fprinkle them with Water in
which Lime has been difl'olved
And that they ought to be re-
mov- ed once in eight Years.

IVIr. Bradley fays, If Rarberriew
have their Bloffoms pull’d oil in
In e Spriflg, they will bring Fruit

‘ in film/mm t0 perfefl' Ripenefs.

1 4. VVAIER-RAIS.

WATER- RATS doa
' great deal of Mifcluef to

 

R E -
the Roots of Trees. One Way
to defiroy them, is to procure
a good Number of Crackers,
fuch as Boys ufe, and to place
them at four, five, or fix Inches
Difiance, upon a Yard of Quick-
Match, fuch as is us’d by Gun-
ners, {9%. When as many of
thefe Matches are thus drefl, as
there are Water-Rat Holes, con-
vey the Ends of the Matches
with the Crackers on them, as
far into the Holes as you can,
with at Willow- Twig, leaving
only a little of the Match out of
the Hole. Then having Dogs
ready, place three or four Men
at convenient Difiances one from
another, with Portfires, which
are alfo to be had of Gunners,
and let them fire their Quick-
Matches at different Times, as
they {hall fee Occafion ; and
every Quick—Match Will fer Fire
to the Crackers, and they upon.
their firfi going off, will drive
the Rat: out if their Cells, and
fo the Dogs may catch them ,
but if they mifs them, and take
to fotne other Hole; then the
Man that is plac’d next, fets
Fire to that Quick—Match, and
fo the Crackers will fend them
out again; and ['0 they will be

; caught by'the Dogs, being con-

tinually hurried about~in this
Confufion, which Will be very
diverting Sport : And if any be
left alive, they will never return
to the fame Place.

15. RECUMBENT.

ECUZWBENT Leaver,
are fuch as are in a Lying
Poflure.
$.67 To

R I
16. To REFRIGERATE.

O Refrigerate

Cool.

fignifies to

T

.

17. To REGERMINATE.

. O Regerminate is to flaring
‘ or had again. '

18. RHUBARB.

MR. Mortimer fays, Rbubarb

is of feveral Sorts, which
are all rais’d by Seed, or by part-
ing the Tops.

19- RHUS, RHOE, BUCKS-HORN
TREE ofVIRGmIA: See IN-
DIAN SUMACH.

ao. REPONCES.

REP 0 NCE S are wild Ra-

- ali/her, a finall Sort, that are
eaten in Sallads, Which grow in
the Fields ; and may be propaga-
ted by Seed.

2:. Resmrrenous.

RESINIFEROUS figni-

fies bearing or producing

Ro/z'a.

Riccows’s : See Armr—
cuLA’s.

22.
23. A Metlma’ of RIPEbthG
Fruit.

MR. Bradley having taken

Notice, that fume Fruits

grow and ripen about‘Parir, bet-
ter than they do in England, tho’

R1-

are {'0 violent hot, that their
Fruits ripen; which Heat We
want to bring fome F ruits to
Perfeétion.

Therefore he offers fome Con-
jectures to help this Deficiency :

I. As to the Manner of the
Growth of Fruit. He con.
cludes, from his own Obi'erva-
tions, That Fruits all follow
the lame Methods of Growing
and Ripening. That when Fruit
fets, it begins to grow immedi-
ately; and fo proceeds, till it
comes to a certain Period: Then

which Time it may be obferv’d,
that it is not half fo large as it
fhould be when it is ripe. And
he gives it as his Opinion, That
at the Time when the Fruit
[tops in its Growth, the whole
Tree is at rei’t in its Vegetation.
As a Confirmation of this, he
adds, That there are many In-
flances of Trees, which have
been trani‘planted at fuch aTime,
and the Fruit which was upon
them has ripen’d ; and the Trees
have produc’d Fruit in abun-
dance the next Year.

He fays, he has had to many
Proofs of this, that he would as
foon take up a Tree for his own

ther.

2. Some Time after this Stop,
the Fruit begins to grow larger ;
and then, if there be due Heat
for it, hai‘tens to Maturity. The

 

depend

their Water: are much more fee “
vere than ours are in England, ,
even to pinching cold as to de-‘
firoy their Vines, Oliver, and :
Pomegranates; yet their Summer:

Ufe at that Time, as at any 0:

ll
‘x
>

 

it makes a Stand for a Time, at .

fudden Motion may probably

R I

idepend upon two Things; Fir/l,
rthatafreih Fund of Sap collected
from the Earth by new-made
fiRoots, has only the Fruit to
feed for a Time, before the
iShooters or young Branches can
areceive any of it ; and the Body
(of the Fruit being at that Time
ifpongy, is (fill better prepar’d to
ireceive it; and ['0 is the Caufe
(of the fudden Swelling of the
.Fruit : Or perhaps, the F ermen-
-:tation may be caus’d by the raw
lJuices coming direétly from the
:EEarth, and mixing with thofe
.which have had a longer Time
;to filter through the fine Veflels
.rOf the Tree ; and from thence
1 the fudden Swelling of the
l Fruits may be caus’d : For Ma-
: turation or Ripenefs in Fruit, is
gno more than a Tendency to
' Rottennefs and Putrefaétion
And all fuch Bodies as ferment,
; naturally putrify when the Fer-
ment is over. It may be proba-
ble, that the F ermenting of thefe
Liquors in the Body of the Fruit
makes it fwell, there being In-
flances of Liquors which take
up more Room when they fer-

ment, than they did before.
Norwithfianding, it is found
to be neceflary, that thefe Juices
ihould be afiified by the Sun or
fome other Heat, in Order to
the due Ripening of the Fruit :
For when the Heat of the Sun
fails, after the Fruit is come to
its full Growth, the Juices con-
tinue to be raw, and have not
an agreeable Tafle nor Flavour :
But when the Fruit has a due
Share of Heat, the Ferment
ceafes ; and then the Nlaturation
begins, and fugars its Juices, and

RI

caufes that Richnefs of Flavour
which renders it agreeable to the
Palate. ' A‘ ' ‘

It Ieems very reafonable to
conclude, That this Maturation
of Fruit is a Degree “of Putte-
faélion; beeaufe by it‘they are
rendred foft, and fend ‘out a.
firong Odour, as it is found by
Experience that molt Bodies do,
more or lefs grateful to the Senl
fes, as they differ more or lefs
in Degrees of Putrefaétion. "

Therefore, in our Climate,
Where we have not Sun enough
to ripen our Fruit, tho’ it does
bring it to its full Growth, it is
to be afiified by Fire, which
heightens its Relifh, and fugars
its Juices; as is found in baking
and flewing of Fruit : Some of
which are by thefe Means ren—

: dered more agreeable to the Pa-

late than perhaps they would
have been, if they had had the
Benefit of the Sun. And this
baking and fiewing of Fruits, is
acting upon them by an artificial
Heat, much after the fame Man-
ner as the Sun would have acted
upon them by. its natural Heat.

Some of thofe Pear: which
are molt difagreeable and harih,
are render’d very pleafing to the
Palate, by the violent Heat of
Baking. Their Hardnefs becomes
fofr, their Juices which are four
become fugared, and their earthy
Smell changes into an high Per-
fume.

As for Pear/m, when the na-
tural Heat they require to ripen
them, is deficient, they are much
affified this Way; for as long
as they poffeis the two Sorts of

 

Juices before-mention’d, which
’ may

R I
may be fuppos’d to rifein them
at the two Seafons of their
Growth, they want nothing but
Heat to make their Tafie better,
and bring them to their proper
Perfeétion: And in fome Cafes
the Heat of Fire renders Fruit
more delicious than the hottefi
Sun would have done.

'But for as much as the Heat
which is commonly made Ufe
of for this Purpofe, 'is often raih
and fudden, and in that differs
from the Heat of the Sim, which
operates on, and influences by
flow Degrees: This may be the
Reafon that Fruits which are
ripened by the Sun, and thofe
that are baked, do differ in their
Tafies>

But fince every Year does not
prove kind enough to bring every
.Sort of Fruit toa goodPerfe-
élion, it may be prOper to con-
fider how We may help the Im-
perfeétion, fo as to bring that
Fruit toxa tolerable Goodnefs,
which has not had a fuflicient
Heat of the Sun to do it.

Mr. Bradley informs us, That
be having gathered fome [Winter-
Fruits, laid fome of two or three
Sorts of them upon the Pave-
ment in his Stove or Conferva-
tory for Exotick Plants; under
which, a Fire was made every
Night, while the Weather was
frolly, and the Warmth of the
Sun flint in every Day. The
Fruit was the Bon Ciarétieiz Pear,
the L’Epz‘m dc Hyeer, and the
Mark P6137 Of H’orcefler. The
Part of the Floor Where thefe
Pear: were laid, had been fpread
with Sand to dry, and this Sand
kept the Pear: from bruiling.

 

RI

Two Months after, he perceiv’d
the Penn fent out a very agree-
able Odour ; and cutting one of
the Bm Clyre‘tiem, it appear’d to
his Palate as good as ever he had ,
eat abroad, and had in it the Ex?
cellence of a Buree du Roy.
This was fome Snrprize to him,
to find a Pear to be ripen’d two
Months before its Time , he
having rarely found it to be ripe
before the latter End of 391mm“;
or in February; and alfo as rich
in its Flavour, and as melting as
any he had ever tafled Abroad:

f;
h

‘ 1.»-.mhemmx A. r

Thereupon he try’d a fecondh

and third, and found them all.
fit for eating. The \Veek after,
the L’Epim’ dc Ilia/tr was ripe,
and very good ; and the Hack
Pear: of lrl’brajfler began to rot
about Cbrg'flmqfx; but one of
them was well enough for eat-y
ing. ,
That thereupon, confidering
how this might happen, and that
Heat contributed to the Ripening
Fruits, either by the Sun or
Oven ; he examin’d, what dine.-

rent Sorts of Ripenel's each of

thefe did produce; and thence
he came to this Conclufion,
That the confiant Warmth of
his Stove, by lVleans both of the
Fire and the Sun, and the warm
Air, which was continually Cir-

culating, caus’d thefe Fruits to .

ripen much fooner than they did
in other Places. And“ alfo hav-
ing experienc’d, that Nature ri-
pens Fruits by gentle Degrees,
he conjeétur’d, that the Pear:
had been brought to this natural
Perfeaion, by a gentle progrefv
live or continued \Varmth :
Whereas, it‘ the Heat had been

' ~ {ridden

-RI

ifudden and violent, it would‘

trather have bak’d than ripen’d
l; them. . g

From the Confiderations be-
fore-mention’d, he colleéks, That
ii if we would artificially ripen
:llate-coming Fruits, they lhould
dbe fhelter’d from the Antnmn-
‘1 Frofis a little before they begin
-: to fall; but not fo, that the cir-
2 cum-ambient Air be entirely ex-
:cluded from them; for if that
: be moderate, it will help to feed
~1the Fruit: For, whereas great
3Cold and Frofts, do render
:71 Fruits tough and four, altho’
'they have been foft and fweet
'before; fo Heat foftens and
fweetens them.

He direéts to gather Fruit dry,
:when it has hung long enough
:upon the Tree, then tie a
I Thread to the Stalk, and to take
:3 Florence Flask, or fome Glafs
;of that Shape, which being cut
through the Body, to that the
two Parts may be fet toge-
:ther again with \Vood, or by

Tome other Method, the Neck ,

;Part being a Cover to the lower

EPart, to put a large Fruit in-
‘to it, fo that it may hang by
the Thread, 'and not touch any
Part of the Glafs.

The Fruit being fixed, and
the Glafs {hut together, lhould
be fet up to the Neck in a Bufliel
‘of Bran and Water Mixed to-
gether in a large Tub or Pan,
of the Shape of aBulhel Mea-
fure, and he fuppofes the Fruit
zWill ripen by the Heat of the
Bran and Water; which will
Lgently warm the Air, which
:comes in at the top of the Flask,
and keeps a confiant gentle

 

R I
Heat; for he knows of‘ no Heat
that is fo conflant as this, or
that will be better for this Pur-
pofe.

Five Flasks may be fet in
a Bufhel of Bran, and it Will
keep its Heat for five or fix
Weeks.

Some Fruits may require
twenty Days, fom‘e forty, and
according to their different Na-
tures. The Mouth of the
Glaflies are to be left open; for
it is a warm circulating Air that;
ripens all Fruit.

To bring Fruit: and Herér to
Ripenej} in uncommon Seafanr.

In England, the Months of
Noveméer, Decemler, yannnry,
February, Marc/9 and flpril are
called dead Months, becaufe in
feveral of thofe Seafons, Nature
feems to be unaétive among Ve—I
getables, or does not of her
own Accord, produce any Fruit‘
to Perfeétion. .
Tho’ the Methods that have
been made ufe of to bring to
Ripenefs fome few Fruits out of
their natural Seafons, have been
various, yet few of them have
had the defired Succefs.

Mr. Bradley fays, Mr. Millet
near Alartla-End, was the chief,
if not the only Gardener in
England, for bringing his Fruit
to a good Ripenefs and Perfec-
tion out of its natural Seafon;
(‘0 that he has in Felarmzry, eaten
ane C/yerrier f0 ripe, that they )
were in a Manner black, and in
his Opinion, as well tafied as a-
ny that were of the Summer:
Growth; this he effeéted by his

judicious

K I

judicious and jufi Management
of them, in affording them their
due Heat at proper Times, which
not having been rightly under-
flood by many, and the Fruit
having been unnaturally forced
with too great Violence, it cauf—
ed it alWays to be infipid.

He therefore having been ad‘
vis’d by fome Perfons of Qua-
lity to publifh his Thoughts, as
to what Means are to be ufed
to produce good Fruits in un-
common Seafons, prefcribes the
Method following. '

He direéts to make a Paling
of five Foot high, with Stakes to
fupport it, fet at about two
Yards Difiance, and to nail
Whole deal Boards, of at leafl
an Inch thick, and four Yards
long, from one Stake to ano-
ther. ‘

If the Deals were not an" Inch
thick, the Trees would be apt
to be fcorch’d, upon the firl’t
laying of the hot Dung, and if
they fliould be much thicker, the
artificial Heat that is to be ap-
plied to the Back of them, at
the Time that it begins to de-
cline, would not have Power
enough to Warm them through,

and then they will require to_

have the Dung refrcih’d the 0f-
tener.

Thefe Deal Boards mutt be
well joined to one another, and
plowed on the Edges, f0 that
they may let in Lathes, that the
Steam of the Dung, which Inuit
be laid at their Backs, may be
kept from getting among the
Plants, becaufe where the Steam
ihall come it will caufe :1 Mil-
dew;

 

R I .

This Paling being fet up, 1
Border may be marked out about
four Foot wide, on the Soutb
fide of 'it, and fome Scantlings“
of Wood about four Inches
thick, muff be fafiened to the.
Ground in a [trait Line, on the
outfide of the Border. Thefe are.
to refi the Glafs Lights upon, v
which Lights are to flope back ;
to the Paling, to {helter the
Fruit as their ihall be Occa"
fion. ~

Bars about four Inches wide,-
cut out of whole Deal, mufi be
placed between thefe Glafs '
Lights, {'0 that the Lights may 1
refi on them. *

,Thefe Bars are always to be
kept fixed as in a hot Bed;
Frame;
. If you would not have the
Glafs Lights {lope to much as _
they will by this Fall from the
upright, then you may have a '7
Line of whole Deals fixed on
the Top of the Paling, to pro- "'
jeét their whole Breadth over
the Trees, and made fo that the
Tops of the Glafs Lights may ‘g
fall in an Inch or two under J‘
them. _

There mull alfo be aDoor
fhap’d to the Profile of the
Frame, at each .End of the ,
Frame, that it may be opened '
at either of the Ends, according
as the “find blows.

The Fruit that he directs to‘
plant in thefe Frames are the

flzrzmt, the dihemzzrle, the
Am, the early Newingtoz, and
drawn Mttmeg Pea-clear.

Nit. Elirc/Ji/d’s early, the A];
rouge, and Are-winger: Nec‘fa-

I'Zflfl.
‘ The

yr

  

s”.

.o, ‘ hwy:

 

 

R I

The Maftuliae and Braxelle:
" Mpricoekr.

” The May Duke and May Cher-
.ti‘ifl'.

As for Graper, the white and
{oblaekfweet Water._

The large, yuly, the Burgun-
3d}, the Malmje , the Royal Muf-
cadiae Graper.

Goosberrz'er, the Dunk table,
{the Dutch early green, and the
r» Walnut Goosberrier.

Currants, the large Dutch
:wbite, the large Dun/9 red Cur-
'rantr.

He fays, if aFrame be made
according to the foregoing Di-
-re&ions in the Summer Time,
zit may be planted the fame
tSummer, With the before—men-
Etioned Fruit, except the Grape:,
awhich he has not yet had Ex-
;perience, Whether Vine: Will bear
tranfplanting at that Seafon, or
me: : But the tell he has try’d,
and they will do, very Well.

One Advantage in planting
'thefe Trees in Summer is, that
they will form very good Roots
:before Winter, and will againft
the following Spring be f0 well
‘fiored with Sap, that there will
,not appear any fign of their hav-
ing been removed. They will
produce very good Wood and
bear very Well.

He is of Opinion, that it will
be neceifiiry to take this Advan-
tage, if the Defign be to force
them to bloffom fooner than
.is ordinary; becaufe if the Roots
:.be not well furnifhed, the Fruits
:cannot have fufiicient Nouriih-
"them.

And befides, Trees in the Sum-
mer do feldom, if ever tvafte

a

R 1
their Strength in Azmmm Shoots,
or make any Attempts towards
it, till September or Oélober,when
the F rofts, that ufually come
then, put a Stop to it.

But if it be found, that they
incline to put forth Shoots in
Autumn, they ihould not be en-
couraged to to do, either by cover-
ing the Frames with Glaifes, or
by laying hot Dung to the back
of the Paling, for that would
induce the Bloffom Buds to open
imperfeélly, and fo the F tuit they
promife the next Spring would
be loft ; but they ought to have
Time allowed them for digeit-
ing their Juice before they are
forced.

He fays, he finds by Expe-
rience the Trees Will be injured,
if the Heat be applied before N0—
vember; and that the Time for
applying the Heat for bringing ei-'
they Duke or May Claerrier, is a-'
bout the Middle or latter End
of that Month; and applying.
Heat at the fame Time would do
forflpricockrfo that the mafculine"
Aprieock Will in Feéraary be as
large as Duke Cherries, and Will‘
be ripe by the Beginning of A-
pril.

C/aerrz'er, thus forced, will
not hold [‘0 well as Apricocér,
tho’ the former will lafi perhaps
for feven'Yearss in good Plight ;
but flpricoeb Will thrive and prof-
per thus many Years.

He is of Opinion, that Mr,
Fairglaild’s early Neélariaex, would
ripen much about the fame Time
as the [Wafealiae Apricock, if they
were both forc’d at the fame

 

Time ; and the Braggaon Net‘l‘a—
rim would? follow that; as to the
forWard

k l
forward Sorts of Plum, they
have~ been try’d, and do ripen
about the latter End of A-
pril. ,

GoorberrieJTreer would produce
green Fruit fit forTarts inyrmuary
and February, and probably would
ripen about the End of Mare/a,
Or the Beginning of flpril at the
farthefi.

C rtrmritr, Whiéh tend to {boot

forWard, might by the fame Heat
that brings Cherries in February,
be forc‘d to produce ripe Fruit
in April, if not fooner.
, T/ae [Method of plantirzg Trees
in t/aefe Framer.] Thefe Trees
mull be planted to clofe to the
Paling, as that the Roots will run
under the Paling, and draw their
Nourilhmcnt equally from the
Earth, round about them,whereas
Trees planted againi‘t Walls mull
not be 'planted clofe to the Wall,
becaufe the FoundatiOns ot‘Walls
lie to deep in the Ground for
'the Roots of the Trees do draw
N ouriihment on the Wall fide.

As for the Diliance of thefe
Trees one from another, four or
five Foor will be fuflieient, or
at Difiances proportionable to
the Shoots they have upon them.

It would not be amifs, it‘ the
Trees had been trained before—
hand for two or three Years in
Efpaliers, or againfi Walls, be-
came, if fo, the Frame might be
filled the fooner with bearing
Wood.

As for himfelf', he fays, he
lhould not fcruple to remove
Trees that had been planted a-
gainil Walls, rather than to want
fuch as were Bearers in thel'e
forcing Frames; for they may at

 

. R I
a greater Age be tranfplantegl
with Safety, by the new Method.
See Tranfplaming. , '
The higher Parts of the Pales

"ii?!

i

being fu‘r‘nifhed with Aprieoeb, ,

C/aerrier, ' Neflarirzer, Peaches
and P/zrmr; the lower fmall
Spaces between them may be filé
led up with Currants, Gooréerrier
and Refer. .

A; to the priming fliefe Tree;.]

The Time of pruning Trees
in thefe Frames mull not be the
fameas in other Trees ; becaul'e
in the common Cafe of Stone
Fruit againlt Walls, the Spring
does not begin till the End of
yammry or February, and there?
fore thefe Trees are left un—
pruned, till the Spring begins to
(lit, and alfo that they may not
be Wounded till they have
Strength enough, and a favoura-
ble Temper of Air, that they
may grow freely, and What will
help their wounded Parts ; but
in the foreirrg Frames the Spring,
begins in November; therefore
they fhould be pruned abouta
Week before the Heat is apply’d
to them; for then the Air will

be (0 artificially tempered as to»

Yet the Teees a—growing, and
the F rolls cannot come at them,
it‘ the Glall‘es be fer up as foon
as they are pruned. As for the
Manner of pruning, fee the fe-
veral Sorts under the Article
Przmirzg ; or Mr. Bradley’s Di-
reélions for flprieoeér, 'ATeflae
rifles, Pear/.165, {576, under their

proper Articles.
The nailing of tbefe’ Treat]
Every Branch that lhoots, mutt
be laid as clo‘l‘e to the Pales
as can be ; for the Fruit which
’ touches

R. I

touches the Pales will be ripe a
Month fooner than thofe that
lie but two Inches from them;
. for Mr. Bradley fays, he has
feen the Tops of the Trees have
Bloffoms a Month or fix Weeks
before the Bortom; and fome-
times one Branch has been full
of Bloffoziis, when there have
been half a Score, or more,
Branches of the fame Tree have
not itirred till the Fruit of the
firfl Blower has been almol‘t
ripe, and for all that the‘Tr'ee
has done very well ; and it is no
uncommon Thing for fuch
Trees to have Fruit ripening
upon them for near three Months
continually.

As for Gooréen'ier, fuch Plants
as are planted in thefe Frames,
lhould be fuch as have fpread,
and when as many Shoots have
been nailed to the Pales as may
conveniently be done, others may
be left at a Difiance from the
Pales to fucceed the others in
ripening.

If they are taken up in the
Summer, and managed accor-
ding to his new Method ,
they will bear the firft Year
as well as if they had not been
tranfplanted.

The Curran: may be ordered
after the fame Manner, and ('0
all?) may the Rofi’r, and ‘the belt
Kind of Rafe for this Purpofe is
the Clufler monthly Rafe, WhiCh
ought always to be topped a-
bout the End of fizz/y, or the Be-
ginning of Ange/i, to make them
put out a good Number of flow—
er Buds.

iv o L. n,

 

R I

0f la in tire Dzmg to tlve
Paler. J}, The Dung before it
be laid to the Back of the Pales
fhould be tofIEd up in an Heap,
and lie for fome Days, that it
may yield an equal Heat every
where, and be conflant. .

When it has been thus pr‘eu
par’d, it ihould be laid about
four Foot thick at the Bafe, and
fo floping till it is but two Foot
wide at the Top. It ihould be
laid at the firfl within about four
Inches of the Top of the Pales,
for it will fink to about three
Foot in fix Weeks Time, and
then fome freih Dung muit be
laid, becaufe the firft Heat will
not do much more than fwell
the Buds of the Trees, or bring
them to a green Colour, or at
the mofl: will but barely ihew
the Colour of the Bloffom Buds.
But according as the Frofls fhall
haVe happened to have had more
or lefs Influence over the Buds;
this will happen fooner or la-
ter.

If thefe Trees be covered
with the Glafi‘es it will contribute
very much to forward their
bloffoming ; for tho’ their Blot:-
l‘oms will not be defiroyed by
the Frofts, yet the more the
F roll comes at them, they will
both be the drier and more hard
to open.

If the Weather be tolerably
mild,.they ought not to be hin-
dred from the Benefit of Show-
ers till the Buds begin to fiir;
but afterwards the Glafl'es ihould
be kept conflantly over them,
till the Influenceof the Sun is
fomething confiderable.

R But

RI

But the Doors, which are at
each End of the Frame, ihould
in the mean. Time be fer open,
when the Wind does not blow
.too (harp, and the Sun {hines any
thing warm ; and if this does not
happen in the Space of a F ort—
night, then the Doors at both
Ends may be opened, andMats
of Bafs or Cam/4]} fhould, be
hung up over the Door-ways,
to correél the Winds, and to give
the Air leave to circulatein the
Frames.

As for C’éerrz'es, about three
Changes of Dung will very near
be fuflicient to bringthem to a due
Ripenefs in Feéruar , fuppOfing
each Parcel lies a onth at the
Back of the Pales.

, But as for Apriwcfis, Grapes,
Nec‘larims, Peaches and Plums,
if April proves cold, the forcing
Hemimuft be continued till
May is fettled; but forne of the
Glafl‘es fhould be opened in. the
Morning, in Marc/3 and .flpril,

ers that fall, while the Fruit is
rowing ; but when they are in

lei-Tom no Rain {hould comej

near them; for it is evident
from Experience, that if Rain
falls upon BloiTorns, before they
are fet for Fruit, they very rare-4
1y come to any goodt

The Dung that comes from
thefe Frames, having lofl its
Heat, may be laid in Heaps to

rot, for the meliorating of ilubw

born Grounds.

Another Thing in relation to
planting Fruit in thefe Frames,
is to plant thofe Fruits which

RI

come Forward together, and thofe
that come later by themfelves ;:
becaufe it will be prejudicial to
the forward Fruits, to give them
any more Heat, when they have»
done bearing; Whereas if later
Fruits are fet amongit them-
that do require more Heat, them»
they mui‘t have it, fome of
them perhaps requiring an. arti-
fiCial Heat till May, '

There may alfo a Row or

two of fmrlet Strawberries be:

planted near to the Back ofthis-
Frame; and thefe you may ex-
peét to be ripe by the End of
Felaruzzry or Beginning of Marc/y.
As for the View, they may.
probably be brought to bloflbm,
(and have ripe Grapes in Illay.
There may-1111b be here and:-
there planted a monthly Rafe-
Tree, and flyacim/os” 307272.075,
Narczflus, Polyam‘bm ;,and ear-
1y Tulips might be planted in.
the Borders ; and then the Pro-y

iduéts of the Frame. might. be,.
when the Wind is Hill, and: the 1:
Sun warm; and they ihould be
permitted to-receive the Show-,'

Ira December.
Hyacinth and Tulips-
yammry,

Aprimi Bloflbms, ClyerryBlbj: -
fiHflJ‘, Gram Gooséerries, Hya-~
cim/as, Pear/7 Bloflbms, Plum
Blofl'oms, young Rafi: Buds, be-
ginning tO. appear, Strawberry
Bloflbms, Tulips. .

Feérztary.-

Grem- flpricocfis, ripe C berries,
Cummr pretty large , . green

 

Gooslzcrrics, qumls, Narcijlhs,
green

9

RI

green Peaebes, green Plume, Po~
lyauzbor, Refer, afew ripe, Straw-
berrieI, fome of the latter Tu-
lip, and Vme: alfo may be ex-
peéted to put out their Blof~

fame.
March.

Green Aprieoeb, Duke Cber—
rier, Curran: beginning to turn,
if the Weather be favourable:
about the latter End; green Goof-
berries, fi'nall green Graper, you-
guilx, Nareflur, Rofl‘l, Straw-
.éerrier, Tulips.

April.

The mafculine Apricot/E ripe,
Duke Cberrie: ripe, Currant,
Goorberriel‘, Graperfo forward as
to be ripe the latter End of the
next Month, early Net‘i‘ariuer,
early Plume, and ripe Peaeber;
at the End of the Month, Rafe:
and Stra-wberrier.

Alfo thefe. Sorts of forcing
Frames he recommends for
bringing forward ‘ Artiebobe: ,
Beam, Kidney Beam, Colleflo-w-
err, Cabbage~Lettuee, early Miut,
Nafiurzium-Flower: and Pear.
Thefe lhould have a Border di-
fpos’d for them.

He fays he has feen fome of
the fecond Dwarf Pear, which
were fit for gatherin about the
Tenth of yauuary. _ hefe were
planted clofe to the Pales, and
kept up with Packthread.

And he has been told of fome
that have been fit to be gathered
at Cbriflmaf}, that had been fown
about the middle of September,
and were only Iheltered from J

 

RI

the Frofis in the Nights, with

Glaffes, till, the Beginning of
November, and then had hot
Dung applied to them.

The Bean: that were next to
the Row of Pea: were fit for
gathering about the middle of
Eebruary ; and the Mint held
very good from November till-
it was plenty in natural Borders.

Cabbage Lettuce of the brown
Duteb Kind were in an open
Part of fuch a Border, very good
about the middle of February,
and fuch Lettueex, efpecially
the imperial ones, as had cabbag-
ed in Oc‘i‘ober, continued very
found till yauuary.

About the latter End of 3a-
uuar , when the Pea: are gone,
the arth may be refrelh’d and
Kidney Beam of the Batterfea
Kind may be fer, and they will
begin to run by that Time the
Beans are gathered, which will
be about the latter End of Fe-
bruary, and will be fit for ga-
thering the Beginning of April,
and will continue daily afford-
ing frelh Fruit till the End of
May.

The Naflurtium: that have
been fown at the End of 0620—
ber, or in November, Will be in
Bloifom about the End of April,
or the Beginning of May.

Artie/yoke; will be fit for cut-
ing by the Beginning of Febru-
ar ; ('0 that in fuch a Frame
Will be produced in

December. and February;

Cabbage Lettuce, Mint, Greer)
Peas, youug Salletx.

.R...

febrile

R I
Fehrnary.

The fame as the laft Months,

.alfo Artichokes, Beans and green
C ally-Flowers.

March.

The fame as in the lafi, alfo
Kidney-Beans and Naflnrtinm
Flowers.

He fays, that whereas in or-
der to produce Cherries in De-
cemher, it has been the Pra€lice
of fome Perfons, in the Spring
of the Year, to pluck oh" the
‘Blofl'oms, at their firl’t budding
out, and to keep the Tree, dur-
ing the Summer, very dry, by
hindring the Rain to come at it,
and by little and little to give
it gentle Waterings about the
End of. 31:1}: or in Angufl, (‘0
that the Trees have been in full
Flower about the latter End of
September. In fuch Cafes it is
his Opinion, that the Trees muft
be kept continually under the
Glafi‘es, and the Dung mull be
applied to the Back of the Pales,
about the End of Ofloher, if the
Weather prove cold, or the Be-
binning of Novena/26’7”, and {fell}
Dung mull be laid once a
Month ; and if f0 managed ripe
Cherries may be expefied in De-
(ember.

As for the Morello Cherry,
which is a late Comer, that will
hang upon the Tree to the End
of Oéloher; and‘ he is of Opini-
on,- if it were fheltered from
the F rolls with Mats or GlaiTcs,
the Fruit might be preferved up-
on the Tree ’till December ; for

s
0

R I
it is 5 Fruit that is not apt to
rot as other Cherries.

Thefe Trees are apt to blof-
fom twice a Year; the firft
Time about the latter End. 015 A-
pril, and the fecond about the
latter End of 3nly. And it is
very probable, that the Cherries
that hang on the Trees in Or-
toher, were the Fruit that pro-
ceeded from the fecond blofl‘om.
1n .

gThis is the mofi hardy of all
the Race of Cherries. ‘
that, lVi/liam Tempe/i Efq; had
a Cherry-Tree of this Sort, that
he thinks, ripened from the fe-
cond Bloffotns in IVO'Uemher:

He therefore advifes to take
off all the Bloffoms that are
bloomed in the Spring, from
fome of thefe Trees, to caufe

[Vinter Crop.

are well matted up as foon as
the Cnrrnns are coloured, they
will keep good upon the Trees

fon.

He is of Opinion , that
there are many Sorts of Fruit
in England, that will hang up-
on the Trees the Whole Year
round, if they are but preferved
from Frofis, and Will all that
Time look fair to the Eye.

He gives an Infiance of a
fmall N'onpnrei/e flpp/e - Tree ,
A. which Mr. Fairehild has in a For,
I the Fruit of Which feem’d like-
ly to hold good till the Blof-
foms of the ftme Year had ripen-
ed their Fruit.

 

 

As

He fays, '

151.612“ awe-27.; «a» :3; - E—v

khan; ‘ r

x 'erhc -.i.§‘.w-§ .2" t x

them to blofi'omthebetter for a 'j

As for Cnrrnns, if the Bufhes

till OéZoher; but the Mats muff
be put on in a very dry Sea-

R I
As for Strawberrier, be ad—
' vii‘es, That fome of them, as t'e
r fmrlet and white ”food-Kin s,
: and alfo the Hautboy Strawberry,
’ which bear Fruit in September

: and 05201;”, be propagated in
i Beds; but then the Blofl‘oms of

I
a

all of them mull be pinch’d off

i in the Spring, as foon as they

3’

>- begin to appear. And the Plants

: muftxalfo be kept dry ’till the
L Middle of 3:41)]; and then mull
i have gentle Refreihments, by

Watering: And then they Will

2 not fail to bear; but muft be de-
t fended by Mats and Hoops, from

i

the froiiy Nights in Septeméer,

, in Order to caufe them to hold

z bearing ’till towards the End of
' 0:505”.

He fays, That at this Autumn-
Blofl‘oming, upon two Beds a-
bout four F00t wide, and thirty
five Foot long, he has had near
a Quart of Strawberrie: in a
Day.
As for Kidney-Beam, He fays,
fome that he fow’d in yuly, a-
bout the Middle of the Month,
began to bear Fruit about the
End of September; but the Frofls
being pretty {harp about the Mid-
dle of Oeloéer, and the Plants
not being ihelter’d, they were
all loft. But a Friend of his,
fetting fome of the Dwarf Kid~
vey-Beam about the End of yuly,
in common Hot-Bed Frames, they
began about the Middle of 0620-
Izer to have Beam upon them;
and tho’ he put no Glafi'es over
them, till the fmall Froiis began
at the End of mega/i, and that
only at Nights, he gathered Beam
till the Middle of November,
without any artificial Heat,

 

He alfo informs us, That the
next Year he procured Baskets
about ten Inches over, a little
open on the Sides; and fet
Beam in them about the End of
army, and others about the Mid-
dle of Augnfl; and having plac’d
them in Frames, for the Conve-
niency of covering them when
the F toils began to come in. And
then having made ready Hot-
beds that ihould yield a very gen—
tle Heat, and fer the Baskets
in them, about the Middle of
Oéiober, thofe Beam that had
been fet in 324]}, had Fruit in
Oéi‘oéer; and thofe planted in
Ange/f did not bear Fruit till
the Beginning of November;
which was fit for Gathering a-
bout the End of the fame
Month ; and the others yielded
a Plenty of Beam all this while;

About the End of November,
he caus’d a frcfh Hot-bed to be
made, and fet into it thoi‘e Beam
that he had rais’d in Aflgufl, and
they produc’d Fruit, which he
continu’d gathering till near
Clariflmaj}; and he is of Opi-
nion, That if they had been ta~
ken good Care of, they would
have lafied good till jammy.

24.. Rocanaotas.

OCAMBOLES, Mr.’

Mortimer fays, are a Sort of
wild Garlz'ok, otherwife Call’d
Spam/b Garlic}; and is multi—
ply’d either by the Seed, which
is about the Bignei‘s of an ordi-
nary Pea ; or by its Clover. See
Efren/on.

E 3 The

R O

The Rocambole, Mr. Bradley
fays', is the Head of the Flow-
er-Stem of the Plant, com—
pos’d of many fmall Bulbs;
which, as foon as they ‘are ripe,
fliould be gather’d, and kept dry.
That tho’ this Plant has— been
_ formerly in great Eiteem for its
high Relifli in Sauces, a fmall
Quantity of it being fufiicient to
give the Relifh of many Onion: ;
yet it is now-a-Days hardly to
be met with.

It loves a may Loam, with-
out any Mixture of‘ Dung ; and
is inereas’d by planting the Off-
fets of the Roots, or little Bulbs
in September, about fix Inches
difiant one from another.

2 5. ROCKET.

THIS Plant, fays Mr. Mor-
timer, is one of the Sallad
Furnitures; the Leaf is pretty
much like that of“ the Rodi/b.
It is multiply’d by Seed, which
is veiy‘finall, and of a Cinnamon
or don’t tonn’d Colour, fown in
the Spring. It may alfo be in-
creas’d by Cutting: or Slip.

:6. The Double - flower’d
R o c K E 1‘.

MR. Bradley fays, There are
tWO Sorts of Double-Rock-
er: known to the Gardeners;
the white flowering Rocket, and
~the FIe/b-oolour’d flowering Rock—
c't ; the firlt of which is in mofi
Efieem, and melt common to
be found in Gardens.

They delight in a loamy Soil,
an open Expofure, and are in-
creas’d by Slip: taken from about

R O"

the Root, and planted in Man-b ;, . I
and blow upon Stalks about 3

Foot and half high in May.
27. R o o r 5.

How the Root: of Tree: receive
tlmr Noah/format in tbe Earth.

MONS. szer fays, It is to

be confidered, that, there 2%
are two Principles in the Pro- ‘
. duétion of Trees :

1. That a Tree that is planted g
in the Earth, has a fitfl: Principle ‘

of Life.

2. That the Heat of the Sun,
which communicates its Vertue
to the Tree, and without which
it would produce nothing, is the
fecond Principle.

As to the Firfl, It is from this
Principle of Life in Trees, that
the Roots draw and receive their
N ouriihment from the Salts that
are in the Earth, that" have been
prepar’d by Rains and melted
Snow.

As to the Secoml, The Heat of
the Sun digefis this Nouriihment,
fo that of at Liquid (as it was
before) it in Time gives it a
certain Quality of Matter, fit
for the Production of a Tree;
which in Time produces Bran-
ches, Buds, Leaves, Bloffoms
and Fruit. He advifes to
uncover the Roots of F ruito
Trees, and examine which are
largeft; and retrench thofe Roots
generally two or three, {ome-
times four, on one Side or the
Other, according to the Vigour
of the Tree ; but it mufl aIWays
be three or four Inches from the

 

Body of the Tree : Cover the
. Roots

 

 

>1 “0954»: ”gr

we as mes-warm r-

f;

R o

TRoots again with Earth, and the'
{Tree will quickly bear. For?

the Tree,‘ when fome of the
a Roots are retrench’d, has then
5 no more than a moderate Sap,
:which rounds the Buds, and
"imakes them knit: Whereas,
:when the Sap over-abounds, it
ifwells too much in the Buds,

and makes them grow long, in‘
_ flead of round.

Roots do not {hoot out till
:after the Stern; becaufe the molt
Efubtle Part of the Sap mounts up
' to form the Stem, and the molt
.material prelfes down to form
rthe Roots. The Roots at their
2* firl’t fprouting are all white, and
r very finall : Some Time after,
; they grow to a gravel Colour;
; and at length, if they meet with
i Earth proper for them, they ex-
' tend and fpread themfeilves by
' inceflantly attracting and receiv-

ing new Salts and new Humidi-
n ties, which they convey to the
Stem; and thus the Tree is in—
, creas’d, till it comes to its full
Growth.

Mr. Cook rays, That there are
many Trees that are only to be
rais’d from Part of a Root of
another Tree : As the Az’yele, the
Aflven‘, the Claerry, the Crab-J
Tree, the Elm, the Maple, the
Plain, the Poplar, the Servir,
the lVbz'te-Bufly, 8;.

To raife thefe Trees, he di-
reéls, That the Tree, whofe
Roots you would ufe, be a
thriving Tree, neither too young,
nor too old,- becaufe, if it be
too young, the Roots will be
too finall for the Purpol‘e ; and
if it be too old, perhaps the Roots

- R O
and if fo,'not fit for the Put;
pofe.

As for the Size of the Roots,
he advifes, That they be not let‘s
than aQuarter of an Inch, not
larger than half an Inch Diame¥
ter ; and they will be molt like-
ly to fucceed, if they be taken,
from a young, thriving Tree ;
becaufe, in fuch the Sap is plen-
tiful, and for that Reafon will
put forth the greater Shoot. '

As for the Manner that this is
to be perform’d; He advil‘es, to
dig round thofe Trees you defigu
to multiply that Way, the latter
End of Feérzmry, or the Begin-
ning of Marc/2, till you come to
the Roots of the Size before di-
reéled : Then with a {harp Knife
to cut them three or four Inches
from the great Root, very fmooth
at the Place you cut them ofl‘; and
raife up the upper Part of the
Roots you cut oil“, and put in
Earth to keep them up ; to that
when the Ground is level’d a-
gain, the Ends of the Roots may
be two or three Inches above the
Ground. ,

He is of Opinion, That the
foremention’d Times are the belt
for this Operation, becaufe the
Sun is then haflening to the ver-
nal Equinox ; the Sun having
Heat, and a Stronger Faculty of

'Drawing, on the Head of the

Tree, does by its fecret Influ-
ences, draw on the feveral Bran-
cth on the Head, and the Head
from the Body, and both Head
and Body from the Roots. And
the Roots being fupply’d with
Sap from the Earth to furnilh
the Body and Head; it is then

 

may be in a decaying Conditionp

the fitter to produce a new Iree
7 4 Willi

R0

with the Sap, more likely than
in Summer-Time, when it is in
its full Sap : For, at that Time,
the abundance of Sap will rather
choke a Bud, than produce one
out of its Root, altho’ the Root
be of that Sort Which will pro-
duce Trees frOm any Parts of it.

Then, as to the Performing
this Operation in Matter, altho’
there is a continual Motion and
afcending of the Sap from the
Roots ( unlefs it be accidentally
hinder’d‘ by Frofis) all the Year
long: Yet to cut the Roots at
fuch Time, and to expofe them
(being‘ thus cut) to the Severity
Of the Weather, which is often-
times great; the Froft and Wet
would to pierce
Wounds, that there is more
Likelihood that they vwould be
deftroy’d,rather than produce new
Plants. But if they ihould live,
the Spring is the Time for their
Budding ; and fo eonfequently
the bell Time.

The Reafon he gives for cut-
ting off the Roots at three or
four Inches from the great Roots,
is, That the three or four In-
ches of the Root will put forth
many Roots at the Ends, efpeei~
ally 'if’ they be‘ cut off finooth ;
and fo it will be better for the
Tree from Whenee the Roots
were taken, ‘ " " "

Tile Way of. IlIzzItipl/ving Treer, by
cutting Root: to Pieter. J

Doflor flgricol‘a tells US, That
having‘ demon'ftrated~ that 'no
lllant can grow withouta Root,
or fomething which ‘may fCI‘VC
for, a‘gbet‘é'and alfo that [tom

the new

'R O
produce Sproutr; from thence it
may be inferr’d,
when manag’d according to Art,
mull in all Places produce the

which he gives the following In—_
fiances ;
He tells us, That he took up

Sorts of Tree: ; as Apple-Tray,
flpricock - Trees, w/aite Eldery,

Laurelr, Lemon — Treat, Perle/y-

Treer, taime-Treer, Vines, and
Ufalnut-Treer ; and cut the Rooz‘.ir
to Pieces in all ' Sorts of Man-
ners. '

He firil took a large Bram]:
of :1 Root, and polilh’d and
fmooth’d it at the upper or great
End, and alfo at the Places
where the Side Rootr, and little
Fibres, or Overture: were. Then
he cover’d over the fmooth End
and other Places, with the Ilium—
my or prepared Wax, [Sec Mum:
my or ”/2sz and drefs’d all the

verture; and fet it in the Earth
a Hand deep, R) that the little
Parts of the Root might not
take too deep hold ; and left it
extended at length, and but jui’t
cover’d ‘ it with Earth. That
afterwards he laid good Earth
on it, and prefs’d it down pretty
hard ; and in a {mall Time the
Root opened on all Sides, and
look’d as if it had been flaih'fd
and cut, being full of little 0-
vertures, 'Which refembled the
Mouths of'Fifhes. ‘ '
' FrOm'theie Gaps there pro-
eeeded an innumerable Number
of Sprigs, both large and final],

 

intermiXt 5 which fprung up i?
. , . . a 1 , , $31.1”?

‘ i

That Root: 9;

like Student, 01‘ little Tree: : Of

I t
. ,
k

21 3
“a

1
E

a
‘ h'!

in his Garden feveral Root: of all

"Treat, Pear—Trees, Pomegranate- ‘

... avg.“ ‘_ uv»"

Places where there was any 0- ”

R 0
fat}, that they were above a Foot
labove the Ground in a‘Month’s
Time; and new Root: fprang
taut of the great Root.

That he alfo took a Piece of
fthe Root of a Peach-Tree, and
:cut it intoa great many little
iBits about the Length of his Fin-
;ger, or a little longer ; and
having finooth’d the Ends. and

re drefs’d them with his Mummy or
:prepared lVax, and planted them
i perpendicularly in the Earth, the
ifmall End downwards ; to that
; the upper Part of the Root flood
about half an Inch out of
sthe Earth; they fprang up in
:diferent Manners ; fome at
’ Top, and fome at Bottom, in a
:curvilineal Form. It was the
t fame with the little new Root:
‘which fprouted from the old;
‘ fome of which {hot out below,
and fome above.

This Operation was perform’d
in jaw and yuly.

He adds, That he proceeded
in the fame Method with the
Root: of Citron—They, Pomegra—
mzz‘er, Quixote—Treat, and Viner,
which all fprang out.

He adds, That the fame may

be p'erform’d on the Root: ofwi/d
Tree: and Shrubs ; as, the Alder,
the 14/73, the wild Beech, the
Bin/7, the yunzfer, the Lime-
Tree, the Oak, the Pine-Tree,
the wild Plum, and lVillo'wr ; he
having made Tryals of mofi of
them, and they have fucceeded.
’ This Operation may be per—
form’d in the Spring, and even
in Summer ; but he accounts
‘Autumn the molt proper Seafon
for its ‘ '

 

RO‘

As to the further Illuftratiott~
of this Matter, he proceeds:
That a Tree may very well
fpare two or three great Root:
without Damage, provided the
main Middle - 'Raot be not
touch’d, and the Wounds be
drefs’d: Thefe long and thick
Root: being taken from large
Trees, you may either cut Or
faw them into Pieces of about at
Foot, or a Foot and half long;
and as to the fmaller Pieces, you
may fmooth them With a Knife :
But the larger Rom, he advifes
to put into his new-invented
Root-Bend), (which is defcrib’d
in his Philofophical Treatii‘e of
Agriculture) and there to finooth
them. When the Pieces of Root.
are fmooth’d at both Ends with
a Knife, then they are to be
drefs’d ith the Grafting-lyax;
which e under the Article
Wax, in 'the Letter W .

As for the Seafon of perform-
ing this Operation; tho’ it will
fucceed at any Seafon of the
Year, yet September, 03201:” or
Noveméer, are the molt proper
Months.

The only Difference being,
that what is planted in the
Spring, will {hoot in E'zme or
17251;; but what is planted in Au-
tumn will come forth in April.

0f Grafting R O O T 5.

Dr. Agiieolzz tells us, That
having made the following CL-
fervations, he fet about Grafiing
of Root; of Trees.

1. He obf'erv’d, That Nature
had plac’d every Trunk upon a

K00; 5
D

‘ .R 0
Root; and that nothing could
grow without Roots.

a. That Root: were made, up
with the fame Parts With the
Tram/i: ; the only Difi‘erence be-
ing the Largenefs of the Vefilr
and Porer. ’

3. That Root: were naturally
full of a hard, callous Subfiance ;
and that out of a Root which
‘ was fplit, there came the very
fame Subltance with that by
which the Trust 1nd Root were
( as it were) conglutinated and
joined together.

4. ' That he obferved, when he
{plit a Bit of a Root into feveral
Pieces, every one could them
out new Roots, through which
they might receive the nouriihing
Juice from the Ground, andudif-
perfe it to thol‘e Parts that want-
ed it.

That thei‘e, and Reflfiions of
the fame Nature, put him upon
trying the Experiment, Whether
out of all large Trunks, Branolm
or 517003;, he could produce
Trees, and bring them to Per—
feaion by a Proportionable
Quantity of Roots.

That he was pretty fure of
Succefs, knowing that a good
large Branch has of and in it felt
a good Store of nouriihing finite;
and that if it be plac’d in, upon,
or between the Roof, the Trunk
being intirely compos’d of finall
Piper , Pores , fis’c. does by
Means of the intimate Commu-
nication, immediately receive a
Supply of nourilhing Juice, which
the Root quickly draws to it felf,
when it is put into the Ground ;
and afterwards difiributes it to
the other Parts.

 

R O : ,

And in the mean Time, there; ‘
grows a Callofity, both from their
Trunk and Bram/J, and joins ,3
them both together; ('0 that the '3 1
two Pieces become one. ‘

Therefore, When he intended 5
to raife Trees from Bram/her, of
ten or fifteen Foot long, or up- ‘
wards, he tells us, He procur’d ,
either fome Root: of the fame :
Kind as the Trees, or thofe of
as near a Kind as he could : He
cut them into Pieces of a Foot .
,or two long, according to the J
Proportion of the Trunk or
Bramb; and chofe the thicket} if
for the biggefl, and the thinneft f‘
for the finalleit Trunk; or Bran, _
clam. :

But he fays, In Order to pro- ..
ceed upon the furer Grounds, it 7 i
is the belt Way to fet the Pieces
of the Root: into the Ground
fome Time before, being firfl
drefs’d both at Top and Bottom, {f
that fo they may {hoot new
Rootr. -'
This Way may fucceed, if the 1
Pieces of the Root: be planted in “
[March or flpril ; becaufe then
they may be taken up in Septem- 3‘.
bar or Oc‘loter, and be grafted
upon. Or elfe the Root; may be :,
put under Ground in Autumrz, '
and may be fuccefsfully us’d the ‘
following Sprizg. K,

When a Bit of a Root is pro-
eur’d, that is well fitted for the a
Purpole, it mull always be a lit- 1’
tle bigger than the Bram/y, that
the Cm’laflty may get the better “
over it.

This Callofity does fometimes
proceed from the Branch that is
grafted upon the Root, and 0f-~
‘tentimes the juice: of both 0‘
' them

 

R O
rrhem cencur to the common
,Union; particularly When‘the
Mao: and Trunk are not of the
.tfame Kind of Tree.

Bram/7e: and Root: beng pro-
'cured; you mutt refolve upon
Sfome Method of [mi/ion; of
fiWthh, he fitys, there are feveral
?3orts.

For large Trunk, he advifes,
:to make Ufc of the Imperial In-
tffim, or that of the Count or
ZGmtleman; but efpecially the
Ilatter.

For fmall Budf, the common
:or final] [mi/ion will fuflice:
i This is made after the ufual Way
:01" Grafting.

As to large Trunks, he advifes,
:when they are grafted with the
lGerzt/emau’: Inufioz, to place the
:Trtmk on a Beach fitted for In-
- rifiom ; and to make a long Cut
with a Knife on one Side, like
the firfi Cut of a Pen, but fome-
» what longer ; and to make fuch
another Imifion on the Top of

. :LR i0 ,
if (‘0, the Wound being large,
would be longer in healing.
Thefe two being fitted together
and ty’d, the. Cut of both mull:
be done over with the Mummy,
being warmed. . ' .

And as to the large Branches;
becaufe fome Petfons wanting .
Skill to manage the Fire, do
fometimes burn the Trunk, and
by that Means render their
Work unfuccet‘sful , be there"
fore contriv’d the fift Mummy;
and cutting fome flat, long, and
narrow Pieces of it, fuch as the
Cuts requir’d ; and having a lit-
tle warm’d them at the Fire, he
apply’d them on both Sides the
Cuts, and then ty’d them up
with Bark, and faflned two
Sticks to it, that the Ligature
might not be ihaken ofi‘ either
by Wind or any other Violence.
This being done, he put them
into the Ground, f0 that the
Cuts were horizontal: Then
beating the Earth pretty hard a.-

bout them, the Branches united
one with another. ‘

The little Bram/ye: and
Trunk: were ordered as the great
ones, and he always fupportmi
them with little forked Sticks,

. the Root, ['0 as to make a conn-
‘ter Cut; and then to fer them
one on another. Thefe two
xmui‘t be made ('0, that one is not
2 longer than the other ; and when
- they fit exaétly, they mull be

ty’d with a Fillet about the Mid»
dle, that they may not be dif—
jointed.

The common or fmall Imi—
jz'm is to be made as in the ufual
Way of Grafting ; but the Cut
mufi neither be too wide nor
too deep in the Root. The Tran/e
mutt alfo be cut on both
Sides in the Form of a broad
but {hort Cork or Stopple; for
if it be long, the Cur in the Root
mutt alfo be long and deep; and

 

fomewhat larger at the Top, and
fmaller at the Bottom, in Pro-
portion to the Bigncfs of the
Branch or Trrml’.

The fittcfl Time for the latex;
Bram/3e: or Tran/tr, is SKPfCI’JJ"
ber, 06205” and Novcmfier; an t.
when the [Water has not been
very fevere, it may be done in
February, Marc/J or 17pm)".

They mufl be guarded from
the Heat of the Sim; bnt t
the Branches mould lol'e mot": : t

1% —-
.W

|
RC)

their Leaves, it would be of no
great Confequence; becaufe in
afew Weeks Time they will
put forth new ones.
,_ Mr. Bradley fays, There is a
Method of Propagating large
Trees which has not yet been
much praétifed in England. Dr.
Jgricola, of Ramon», has given
us Methods of performing this
Operation ; one of which he has
try’d, and it fucceeds very well.
And that fome of his Friends
have, at his Requefl, made Try-
als of other Ways; and he hopes
quickly to have an Opportunity
of viewing them, and giving his
Opinion concerning them. But
this he dares venture to affirm,
That we have by that Means an
Opportunity of Propagating ma~
ny Kinds of Plants, which we
have, ’till lately, wanted Means
to perform: And doubts not
but that the Tulip-Tree might be
increas’d by that Method.

See more of this Root-Graft—
ing, under the Article Grafling,
in Letter G.

28. RORID.

0 R I D fignifies Dewey,
or Rioifi.

29. RORIFEROUS.

ORIFEROUSng

ing Dew.

R

go. ROSE-TREES.

Var-ion: Kina’r. ]
TH E R E is a greater Va-
riety of Rafe: propagated by
Gardeners than of any other

R<D ,
flowering Tree or Shrub whatl i
foever. -
Mr. Bradley fays, the Gar-
deners diflinguiih them by the
following Names. -The Cina-
man Rafe, the Monthly Rafe, the
Clufler monthly Roje, the Da-v
mark Rafe, the Rafa Mandi, the '
Tori and Lama/fer Rofe, the
Centifol or Province Roje. ‘
Monf. Liger reckons up the/
Sweetfmelling Rafe, and the Rafe 1
Without Smell, the Dntcb bnn- '
dred leav’d Rafe, the Damask :
Rafe, the pale red Rafe, the Pro-
'vinee Rafe, the Virginian Rafe, .j
the [freaked Rafe, the jingle Roj‘e. 1'-
of a deep red Colour, the Month-p ‘
ly Rafe, the Mufeadine Raj}, and ‘
the yellow Rafe. ,
Mr. Mortimer difiributes them
into four Claffes, or Kinds ; the '
Engli/IJ red Rafe, of WhiCh Sort
the Flowers of fome are of a "
far deeper red than others.
The Rafa Mandi, 0t Rafe of
we IVorla’, which only difl‘ers , .
from the former ‘in the Colour 1
of its Leaves, which are of a
pale Haj/2 Colour, dire€tly fpot- T
ted through every Leaf of the
double Flower, which is the
molt Beautiful of any; the red ‘2‘;
Belgic/lr Rafe, which is much tal«
ler than the common Dwarf,
Red or Gilly Flower Rafe, Which :;
grows lower than the ordinary
Rofe, whofe Flowers are of a i
pleafant Carnation Colour. The
Hungarian Rafe, which has green
Shoots, and. whofe Flowers are
of a paler red, as thofe of the
red Province Rafe are, Whole
Branches and Leaves are larger '

   

 

and greener, than more Of the
common red Rafe,
Th‘i

R0

The Frankfort Rafe, that has.

lfirong reddi/IJ Shoots full of
IThorns, thick Flowers, and the
{Button under the Rafi: bigger
ithan ordinary. The Rafe with-
"oout Worm; that has grew and
Efmooth Shoots, and Leaves
‘vwithout any Thom: at all, and
[the Flowers of a pale red,
{fpreading their Leaves. The
ldouble Velvet Rafe, whofe young
:Shoots are of a fad reddi/b Co-
élour, with very few or no Thom: ;
:but this bears but a few Flowers.
7 The Marble Rafe, Which in
iGrowth is much like the for-
: mer; but the Leaves are lar—
gger, and of a light red Colour,
:marbled and veined.
Under the fecond Clnfs he
1 ranks the Damask or pale colour-
ied red Rafe, which being, he
.fays, the ancient Inhabitant of
England; it needs no defcrib-
ing. The York and Lam‘afler
or partly coloured red Rafe, dif-
: fers from the former, only in that
. its Flowers are parted and mark-
ed. TheC/oryflalRofe, that is like
the lai’t, excepting only that the
. Marks of the Flowers are much
fairer, and better than thofe of
the former. The elegant varie-
gated Damark Rafe, Whofe Shoots
are redder and lhorter than the
Clary/la! ; its Leaves fmaller, and
its 'F lowers fomewhat double.
The Dam/art Province Rofe,
which has Shoots and Leaves
longer than any of the preceed-
ing, of a reddi/l) green, and
whofc Flowers are very large.
The BluJ/IJ Belgiaé Rafe, Whofe
Branches are larger, and fuller
of Thom: than any of the for—
mer; its Flowers grow thicker

 

R0

and are fweet féented, ('0 that the
Water difiilled from them is al.
molt as good as that of the
Damask Rafe. The Monthly Rafe,
which bears Flowers only three
Months in England, aliz. your,
flugufi and September.

Under the third Clafs he
mentions the yellow Rafe, of
which Kind the jingle yellow
Rag/2: grows as high as the Da-
mark, and the young Shoots of
it are full of hairy Prickles of
dark red {mall Leaves, the F low-
ers fingle, and of a pale yellow.
The double ellow Rafe, Whofe
Shoots are fi’rliall, and not (‘0 red
as thofe of the fingle Kind : the
Flowers compofed of many
fmall pale yellow Leaves, with
a great Thrum in the Middle.
The frarlet Rafe of Auflrid, that
is much like to the fingle yellow
Rofe, except that the Infide of
the Leaves of the Flowers is a
fine fem-let, and the outfide of a
pale Brim/lone Colour.

Under the fourth Clafs are
compriz’d the Common zulyile
Rafe, which is well known; of
Which there are two Sorts, one
much fairer and more double
than the other.

TheDoub/e Musk Rafe, which ri-
fes high, with many green Branch—
es, and {hining dark green Leaves,
arm’d with great {harp Tborm,
with Flowers which come forth
in aTuft not very double; there
is alfo another of this Kind bear-
ing fingle Rojes; the FIOWers of
both of them have a musky
Scent. '

The Bin/l] Rafi, that differs
little from the laft but one, but
in the Colour of its Flowers,

_,, which

R O
which at the firtt opening are of
a fine pleafant Bin/la Colour,

which afterwards grow wbit- ‘

if). The Damask ROfe, or the
white Cinnamon Rafe, has 'Iar-
get Leaves than the done/e Mar/i
Rafe, but the Leaves. are of a
w/oiter green, the FIOWerS lar-
ger, w/aiter and more double than
the other, but not quite to fweet.
(The .Spnni/b Mark Rafe, whofe
Branches are green, bigger than
the following, and the Flowers
fingle. The Evergreen Roje,
growing like Wild Eglantine, the
Leaves fall not off in the Win-
ter, as thofe of Other Rafe: do;
the Flowers confil‘t but of five
Leaves, of a pure white Colour,
and {tand four or five together,
at the End of the Branches.
The double Eglzmtine 'Which
bears double Flowers, made up
of two or three Rows of Leaves
of a very pretty red Colour. The
Great flpple Roje, Which has a
large Stock; its Branches are
reddi/IJ, its Tbornr green, and its
fingle fmall Flowers {land on
prickly Bottoms.

After having given us this long
" Catalogue of Rofer, he tells us,
that among all thefe. Varieties
the following are eltcemed the
heft.

Among the red Rafa; .the
R0 tl fifnnez’i, the red B elgiel', the
red Marble, the red Province
'Rofe, and the Rafe With Thornr.

Among the Dar/task, the Cry-
fiol Rofe, the Bin/l] Belgick, the
Mont/31y and Damask Province
Rafe, and the elegant variegated
Dar/145k Rofe.

Among the yellow Rafts, the

VP at?!“

R“ O I "57'?
foarlet-Hufirian Rafe, and the done-r ,
He Tello-w. ‘ I '

 
  

Among the wbite Rofer, they
Damask Rafe and the Bluff)
Rafe.

Mr. Bradley fays, befide the";
Rafe: that he has mentioned there gr
are'feveral Sorts which he has:
never feen, and that the Dot-gi
the: of Beaufort! told him of fix- i
teen different Sorts which {he ‘
had cultivated in her Garden at A.
Badminton; but altho’ the feve-
ral Sorts of Rafe: differ in their 3
Times of flowering, yet they are ;
all propagated after the fame;
Manner, and love a firong hold-
ing Soil, and delight f0 much in ‘
moifi Places, that they will e- ’
ven grow in Water.

They are to be increafed by
Lnyert, which are to be laid ,
down in September, or by Suck-
er: which may be taken from
the old Roots either in March .
or September, and tranrplanted
immediately before their Roots ‘
grow dry, for they have but few '
Fibres; but if Neceflity obliges
to keep them out of the Ground
for fome Time, he advifes to
lay them fix Hours in Water,
before planting.

Mr. Mortimer fays, Rafe: are
multiplied either by laying down
the Branches in the Earth, or by
inoculating the Buds of them into
other Shoots.

He advifes, in the Spring, to
prick a great many Holes with
an Awl, about a Joint, that will
lie in the Earth, and then to co-
ver it With good Mould, to peg
it down ; and if the Seafons are
dry, to water it now and then,

 

and

 

R0

send by Autumn it will (‘0 have
ttaken Root as to be fit to be
1 removed, and cut from its 0-
1: ther Part behind the Root,
3 and be remov’d, and become a
a natural Tree. Such aTree, he
s! lays, will be worth two that are
i budded or grafted, becaufe a
a; great many Sucker: that come
F‘from them will be of the fame
l Kind.

As for inoculating : the bell
~.3 Stocks, he fays, to inoculate up-
> on, are the Damn}, the wbite
l Frankfort, and the wild Eglan—
*2 tine, and that this Work is to be
1 performed about Midfummer.

‘He advifes to take care to
i keep all Stocks of budded Rafe:

i from Suckers, and that the Buds ,

«i be inoculated as near the
t Ground as may be, that the bud-
ded Luance maybe laid in the
‘ Earth to Root after one Years
3 Growth.
But Rafe: of all Kinds being
: apt to yield Sucker: plentifully,
:the befl Way to increafe them
? is gently to bind down either
i Part or all the Tree in the Spring,
:and to lay all the Branches in
sthe Ground; and to lay old
rotted Dung about the Places
where they are laid, which will
caufe them to take Root the
fooner, fo that by Autumn you
will have as many rooted Trees
as you laid down Branches and
all of the fame Kind, and that
too without injuring the old
one, which when the Branches
laid down are cut of may be
very eafily reduced to its Place
again, and will bear as plentiful—
ly the next Year as it did before.
He adds, that this laying down
the Branches prevents not the

RO'

Tree from hearing Flowers that
Year, for the Branches which are
laid will be as plentifully {tored
with FIOWers, as if they were
ereé}.

Monf. Liger fays, the Daub
bundred leafed Rafe, both with
and without Smell are multipli-
ed by Slip: and Ram, fet a Spa-n
deep in the Ground, and are to
be .planted in Oflober, Newm-
ber or February, in goodrKitchtm
Garden Soil, in a Place much
expol‘ed to {the Sun. In Marcb
you may prune it. x ‘

gr. The MONTHLY Rose."
T HE Monthly Raye, called
. alfo the Rafa omninm Calen-
darum, or Italian double everlafl-
ing Rafe, is multiplied by Lay-
err, and alfo by Slip: cut off
from the Branches in Autumn,
in Ofiober or Novemlzer, and
thrufl into the Ground, leaving
not above two Inches of it out,
and in a fandy Soil and funny
Expofure.

The Mont/51y Rafe and the
Clufler Monthly Rafe, Mr. Brad:-
ley fays, if they be planted a-
gainfl a warm Wall, begin to
blow about the latter End of
Marc/J, or the Beginning of A-
pril, and continue blowing for
almoll three Months; and if af-
ter they have done blowing you
prune off the Tops of their
Branches, you may expeét them
to blow again in Autumn, and
continue blowing almoft till
Clariflmafr, if the Weather be
open.

Mr. Lz'ger fays, that to make

 

thefe Trees beat Flowers in e-
“W

R 0

very Month in the Year, or at
leafl in moft of them, they mull
be pruned two or three Times.
The firfi Time is to be in No-
vember, when they are to be cut
almofi down to the Ground,
becaufe the new Shoot: that fprout
out will produce Flowers more
plentifully ; the fecond is to be
at the latter End of Marc/7, or
Beginning of April, which is to
be performed on the new Bran-
ches; pruning them to an Eye
or two of the Trunk ; then you
mutt open its Root, and put in
Earth new inflead of the old,
adding a third Part of Mould
half confumed, and water it
immediately, and alfo frequent-
ly. Tbirdly, When the firll Flow-
ers are pal}, prune the Branches
below the Knot where the F low-
ers grow; the fame is to be
done after every Bearing: but
you mull not water them for
fifteen Days after pruning. By
this [Wet/god he fays, it will be
in Blofi‘om for three [Wont/2: in
the Year.

If thefe Rafe-Tree: are in o-
pen Ground they mnfi be cover-
ed with long Straw or Straw
Mats; or if in Pots or Box-
es, houfed in the Green-boi‘zfe, or
they will not flioot forth new
~Bmm/qes.

He fays another XV-ay to make
them bear a great manyFlowers e-
very [Wont/J, is to bind the B ram/a-
(I and to tie them to 3 Emma,
or Stick [luck in the Ground,
if they are planted in Cafes.

IVTI‘. Brad/e)! relates, That Mr.
'Mil/et, an ingenious Gardener,
who us’d to bring feveral Fruits
to Perfcétion, fome Months br-

 

a
R o e;
fore Nature alone would doing
gave no other Reafon for his"?
Practice, but that the Heat he ,
laid at the Back of his Frames 1
did pufh the Trees nail'd againfl:
them into Blofl'om, Within a few 1
Weeks after he. had apply’d the
Heat : But he being converfant
with him, took Notice, that he
prun’d his Trees out of the-fr"
common Scafon. ,

He had Mont/sly Rafe-77m;
nail’d againft the Frames where "1
his forward Fruit-Trees grew, 3;
which Rafef‘Tre'e: Were com-§
monly in B10301n foon after?
Cbri/lmafr.

The Management of thefe
Was as follows : He prun’d off "
all the Flowers, whether Rafi, a.
Bud, or open Flo-wen, which he i
found upon them about the End g
of 17111}, or Beginning of Augu ; Z
and at the fame Time he cut of
the Top of thofe Shoots, which ,
had produc’d Flo-wen that Sum-
mer; as well as thofe that had ,1.
produc’d none; but his chief:
Dependance was upon thofe?i
Shoots which had born Flowers F‘
the fame Summer. And he faid, g
that every clofe Bud would fpring ?
and {hoot about fix Weeks after '
Pruning; and when the Heat’
comes to the Trees, every one
of the new Shoots would produce
Rowers at their Ends.

He likewil‘e adds, That he
has obferv’d often, That the do]?
Budr.he fpeaks of, will lie dor-
mant all the Ll/Enter, altho’ they
have not this Sort of Pruning;
and would not fiir ’till the Ad-
vancing of the Spring. And that
he has alfo made this Obferva-
tion, concerning Fruit - Trees,

in

w...

R0

: in thofe Gardens, where the

i

) Gardener has had no exrraordi-
l nary Skill in Pruning, That
I when F ruit-Trees have been cut

a too early, or the Bnd~Shoots of

R0

leaving on no more than the
Strength of the Tree will bring
to Perfeétion.

Such a Tree {hould be a
Standard, and net too much ex-

pofed to the Sun, but ihaded,
and in a dry Seafon fometimes
watered: And by this Manage-
ment, you may expect fair and
beautiful Flowers.

He adds, That {hearing of
the Buds when they are put

‘1 the fame Summer have been
-I topp’d ; the Buds, which were
i left upon thofe Shoots, fprouted
) on a l‘udden before their natural
‘ Time ; and have bloffomed at a
wrong Seafon. See the Articles
t Prunixg and Pear-Tree.

'2. The Double yellow ROSE.

‘ H E S E [(0 CI, NIL [Warti-

mer fays, will not bear [‘0

' well when they are planted in
: the Sun, as orher Rafe: will:
‘ Therefore he advifcs, that they
i be fet in the Shade ; and in Or-
7- der that they may have the fairer

Flowers and bear the better, firfi

. to put aBud of a fingle Rofeinto
' the Stock of a Frankfort Rafe, and
' near the Ground; and then it
' will

quickly (boot a good
Length: Alfo to put a Bud of
the dauble yellow R0]? of the bell

~ into that 'Sprout about a Foot
‘ higher, to keep the Root clear

-: from Suckers; and to rub of}~

‘V Ll. L.) H .-

all Buds but thofe of the defired
Kind.

When it is grown big enough
to bear, he advifes, the preceed-
ing [Water to prune it very near,
and cut off all the finall Shoots,
leaving on none but the bigger,
and to cut off the Tops of them
too as far as they are fmall. In
the Spring,
Leaves, you mull rub off the
fmalleit of them; and‘ When it
buds for Flowers, if there be
too many, wipe off the fmalleit,

V0 L. II.

wheri it buds for .

 

forth, in Order to the retarding
the Blowing of the Flowers, is
very praéticable; and f0 by firm--
ing them a fecond Time, you
may caufe them to be [till later ;
[‘0 that by this Means you may
have Rafe: when there are no 0-
ther Flowers : But then you
mull be fure to {hear the Whole
Tree; for if one Part be fliear’d .
and the other unfhear’d, the
Part unfhear’d will fpend the
Strength and Sap, which you ex-
pected would have put forth
new Buds ; and fo difappoint

your Expeétation. .
Monf. Lz'ger fays, yellow flow-
er’d Rafe - Tree; are multiply’d
by S/aoot: that fprout out at their
Feet, planted in the Spring :
They love a firong Soil, and
the open Air ; and that Pruning
does not at all agree with them,
becaufe they bear their Flowers
at the End of their Branches:
But yet ill-plac’d Boughs, or
fuch as are worn out, and fo
ufelefs, you mufi prune, and

the lafl: even to the Quick.
The Leaves of thefe Flowers,
he fays, are ['0 delicate, that the
leait Rain that falls upon them
will make them periih ; and
therefore when they are juit
S ready

 

q R 0
ready to blow, you mull prune
\ the Branches fhort, and cover
them with Straw-Mats, or fome
fuch Covering.

In February or March, you
may force this Shrub to bear
Flowers every Year.

> 33. The ”Write Double ROSE.

THIS Plant is multiply’d by

Slip: fplit, with the Roots
fet four Inches into the Ground.
It loves a firong Soil, a funny
EXpofition, and frequent VVa-
terings.

It will not admit of Pruning,
unlefs it be to clear it from old
ufelefs Wood, or that which is
withered.

34.. The Mufeadine, or Damask-
R o s E.

THIS Shrub is perpetuated

by Suckers, which grow out
of it, planted in new Earth ; it
requires a good Kitchin—Garden-
Soil, much Sun, and frequent
. Waterings. It {lands in no Fear
of the Cold. The old Branches
are to be prun’d every Autumn,
within half a Foot of the
Ground ; and from the Buds
that remain, new Branches may
fprout out, which will produce
the greater Quantity of Flowers.

35. INDIAN ROSE. See FRENCH
MARYGOLD'.

36. 7779 GUILDER ROSE.
HIS Plant may be rais’d

from Sucker-r, taken from
about the old Root, either in

 

R 0

September or Marc/.7. It delights
in a holding Soil ; and in May
bears Bunches of white Blofi‘oms,
as big as a Tennis-Ball. It does
not grow tall ; and it“ is difiicult
to reduce it to a regular Form :
Therefore it is chiefly employ’d
in Wildernefl'es, or other Wild
Places.

3 7. SrRtP’D Roses.

T H E flrip’d Rafe is a Shrub

that does not grow very
tall ; and may be planted either
in the open Ground or Boxes :
It requires a Kitchen—Garden
Soil, t‘trong and well fifted.
is to be encreas’d Scutcheon-
wii'e, either by Inoculating or

Budding. Thofe that are grafted

Scutcheon—wife, never fail to
bloflbm the next Year ; and.
thofe that are budded, blow in
Autumn the fame Year : Where-
as flrip’d Rafe-Tree! that are in-
creas’d by Plants with Roots,
bear no Flowers in lefs than two
or three Years.

Mr. Carpenter lays, This Rafe
is call’d Rofiz flIzrrzda, and is a.
Species of the Dwarf red Rafe.
It {pawns much at the Root ;,
and the Colours are apt to run.
And that we have tWO other
Sorts of Refer, equally valuable,
one of which is call’d the Turk
and ermzzfler-Rofe, and the other
the Apple-Rafe.

Monf. Lager lays, All the o-
thera,Sorts of Rofl’I; viz. The
Carmrfion—Rofi’, the pale Rafe, the
Virginian-Rafi, and the fingle
Rofc, of a deep red Colour; re-
quire a good, {‘trong Earth and
much Sun; are to be planted

’ either

It —»

i:

R 0

either in November, February, or
the Beginning of [Hare/a, to the
Depth of four Inches ; and are
to be prun’d in the Spring. ‘ The
Roots are to be bated, to refrefli
them with new Earth, which
Will make them bear finer Bran-
ches and Flowers.

IVII‘. [Mortimer advifes, That
as foon as Rofe: have done
Blowing, to clip them With
Shears , pretty clofe to_ the
Wood ; and near the Sprixg, to
cut each Branch again With the
Pruning—Knife clofe to the Leaf;
and to take away Bud and all,
to bring the Tree into a hand-
fome Form. That none of
them be fufi‘er’d to grow higher
than a Yard and half, except the
IIImIe-Rofer, which will not bear
Well, except againfl a Wall,
Pale, or Houfe-Side ; and mul’t
be fufl‘ered to grow to eight or
nine Foot high.

38. ROSEMARY.

Variozu Sort:._'] OF Rofi’mgry,
Mr. Morti~

- mer reckons feveral Sorts; as

the Common, the Broad—leaf’d,
the gilded, and varioufly flrip’d
with yellow as ifgilz‘, theySilver-
Rofemary, f0 call’d from its Sil-
ver-colour’d Leaves, and the
double—flower’d Rojemary, Whofe
Leaves are bigger, its Stalks
flifi'er, and bearing many double
pole Hue Flowers.

Soil, and ”lay of Propagation]
They love a Jig/9t, fandy Soil ;
but will accommodate them-
felves to almol‘t any Sort of
Soil : And are increas’d either
by Seedr, Bram/m or Slz'pr, fer

 

R O
in April, which quickly take
Root, if they are Shoots of the
laft Year ; but if they are older,
will not grow.

It lafts feveral Years, if plant-
ed on a dry Ground ; and hard-
1y any Froft will injure it : But
if planted in \a moil‘t Ground, it
feldom thrives; for if it has too
much wet, it is very apt to fuffer
by the F roft; and a frofiy Night,
after a wet Day, defiroys more
young, tender Fruits or Plants, '
than ten dry Frofls: Therefore
it ought to be planted in the
dryefi Parts of a Garden, where
it may be the molt expos’d to
the Sun ; but Monf. Liger fays,
in this Expofure it mutt be often
watered.

In Order to propagate it by
Slipr, Monf. Lxger advifes, to
chufe the fairel‘r and firaitefi
Branches at the] Foot of the
Tree; to firip the Leaves all off
the Bottom, and all along the
Part that is to be fet in the
Ground; and to plant them in
Mania, and let them fiand ’till
September; and then you may
plant them in Pots or Boxes,
in an Earth compounded of half
Hot-Bed Mould, and half
Kitchin-Garden Soil lifted.

You may let it grow ’till its
Stalk is a Foot and half high;
and then only mind its Head,
which with a very little Aflifi¢
ance will form it felf into a Fi-
gure good enough.

Dr. flgricoloz tells Us, he took
Rofemary-Leaves, and did them
up with Mummy, ( as he did to
Uromge, Lemon, Laurel-Leaves,
65%. the Method of Which you
may fee under their preper Arti-

S e cles )

R0

cles) and planted them, and‘
they did firike Root, and
grow.

39. R U E-

MR. Braelley fays, There are
two Sorts of Rue found
in Engli/l: Gardens ; but the
chief Difference confifis only in
the Colour of their Leaves ; the
one being of a plain green, and
the Other variegated with a
Cream-Colour.

, This Plant delights in a ”((7623
Soil, and fliady Places; is in-
,creas’d either by its Seed, which
is of a black Colour and rugged ;
but it is tmofi eafily and mofl u-
fually increas’d by Layer: and
Slip: fet in April.

It makes pretty Borders for
Flowers, being clofely clipt.
40. R U G o s E.

UG 0 S E fignifies full of
Wrinkles.

R

4.1. RUGOSITY.

RUG 0 S I T?" is VVriu—
klednefs, or F ulnefs of
Wrinkles.

42. RuRAL.

UK A L, belonging to the
: Country.

SA’

 

S A

t. SAFFRON FLOWER, or CRO-
cus. See CROCUS.
M fcribes it. The Plant

from its Bulb fhoots
forth long narrow Leaves ; out
of the Middle of which rifes a
Stem, and at the End of that
grows a Flower like a Lily in
Shape, divided into fix Parts.
In the Middle of the Flower
rifes a Chive divided into three
Borders, or Strings, and cut in
the form of a Cock’s Comb;
this Chive is the Saffron, and the
Cup becomes afterwards a Fruit
of an oblique Figure, and raif-
ed three Corner-Wife, and di-
vided into three Cells, fill’d with
roundiih Seeds.
Difl‘ereut Kiuelx.] He fays,
that there are two Sorts of
Crocur’r, the Spring Crocus and
the flutumu CrocuI; fome of
which have blue Flowers, fome
yellow, fome white, and fome
of them of amixt Colour ; fome
of them have double Flowers,
and fome flugle Flowers; and‘
fome of them have but two
Flowers; forne have narrow
Leaves, and forne of them have
broad Leaves.
The true Croeur is that which
grows in Autumn, Whole Flow-
ers are commonly of a reel pur-

Deferiptiouj
O N S. Liger thus de-

 

P/e Colour, and of a pleafant
Scent.

'S A
Scent. This Sort is in gieat
Requefl for the Beauty of its
Stamina, whereas the Field Cro-
em’r are cultivated in Gardens
for nothing but SheW.

U'ay of multiplying. ] This
Plant is increafed ..rath_er by- the
32116: than Seed, becaufe the in-
creafing them by Seed is tedious,
and befides the Plant produces
Seeker: enough for that Pur—
pofe.

Soil. ] This Plant loves a
pretty fubl’tantial Soil, neither too
fat nor too lean, and a funny
Expofure.

The Time of difplanting the
Bela: is in Antnmn, when their
Flowers are gone. When you
have taken the Ben; out of the
Ground, lay them in fome airy
Shady Place, three Weeks be-
fore you replant them.

Some difplant the Crow: in
flLZi‘C/J, and leave them in the
Air till Autumn, and then re-
plant them ; but they are to ex-
pect no Flowers till the Year
following.

You may let them {land three
Years without tranfplanting them,
and after that take away all the
.S‘nekerr, they have produced.

When the Flower is blown,
the Siamina which grows in the
hifddle, which is the Safiron,
is to be gathered early in the
Morning, or about Sun—fet in
the Evening, holding a wane
Paper or linen Cloth to catch
them in 'while it is doing.

Mr. Bradley has favoured us
with a more particular Account
of the Cultivation of the Saf-
fron Cram: to the Purpofe fol-
lowing.

 

. S A *

The Saflron Crow: has a bul-
bous Root like the Spring Cro~
em, but much larger; the F low-
er is in moft Things like the Cra-
on: Flower, and of a blue prer-
plei/IJ Colour ; but the Times of
bloffoming of the Safl‘ron and
Crocus are different ; for the
common Groom appears in the
Spring, and the Safron Flower
rifes in Autumn: The Leaves
of them both are pretty much
alike in Form, but thofe of the
Safiron are 05a deeper green Co-
lour, and larger than thofe of
the Spring Crocus.

The Piflils of the Snfiron
Flower, which are the Parts only
us’d in the Shops, mutt be ga-
thered early in the Morning,
while they are the molt promi-
nent, for when the Sun begins
to influence them, they fhrink
into lefs than their firfi Sub-
ftance, and almolt retire under
Ground : And the Spring Crocn:
does the fame as foon as the
Flower comes to open by the
Warmth of the Sun.

As to the Soil, he fays, it Will

 

profper well enough in almoit
every Kind of Soil, except the
StiflE1‘ Sort of Clay.

Snflron ”/741an in EflZ’x, was
once one of the chief Markets
for it, and the Ground there
where it grew was a chalky
Loam, but of that Sort which
was molt eafily broken : In 0—
ther Places there was a Coat of
light Earth over the Chalk, a-
bout three or four Inches thick,
which is depth enough for Saf—
fron Roots: In other Places
tome grew on common Heath

 

Ground, where the Surface had
5 3 been

. S A

been burnt, and turn’d in by a
common Ploughi And this he
fays, was no ways inferior in
Quantity or Quality to that which
grew about Walden and Cam-
bridge.

0f plantieg Sefi‘rom] As to
the Manner Of planting Safl'ron,
the Ground mull firlt be well
prepared with the Plough; and
is to be drawn into Ran-
ges, like Furrows with 3 Sort
of a. large Hough, twelve or
eighteen Inches broad, according
as the Ground is in Quality {lif—
fer, lighter, or more fandy.
When one Range is made, the
Safron Roots are to be laid in-
to it about three. Inches dillant
one from another; then draw—
ing another Range, and filling up
the firlt with the fame Inflrument;
and with the Earth that came
out of the fecond, and fo on,
taking Care that the Depth of
the Range or Furrows be all as
equal as poflible.

The Time of planting Saf-
fron Rout: is about .Midfummer,
for that is the Time that Saf-
fron Countries generally take the
Roots out of the Ground; and
at that Time they may be
bought in the Markets by the
Bulhel.

But tho‘ this be the Cultom
of the Country People, he lays,
he is fure from Experience, that
the swim: Roof: might as fafely
be taken up as foon as the Leaves
are dead, as to let them lie in
the Ground a Fortnight or three
Weeks after. ; i for the Deadnel‘s,
or falling ofi‘of the Leaves oii‘any
Plant, fhews its natural Difpo-
fition to tell from Growth, and

 

S A
then there is no Occafion for
any Afliflance from the Earth,

till the time comes for its Ve-
getation.

But when the Ground is plan-

"B—

ted, perhaps fome few Flowers ‘
will appear the September fol—V

lowing, naked, or Without an
green Leaves; and about the
End of Septeméer or beginning
of Oflober, the green Leaves Will
appear, and {hoot out into a
good Length ; then the Weeds
are to be houghed up with a.
Hough about three Inches wide;
but,the Leaves which hold their
Grcemzrjfi all the lf’hfer, and
Part Of the Spring, mull not be
dil‘turb’d, for that weakens the
Root.

The next Year after planting,
athird or fourth Part ot‘what
they account a full Crop, may
be expeaed; and this Year, as
foon as the gram Leaves are
quite decayed, the whole Ground
mutt be clean’d with an Hough,
and that will very much help
the Roots.

With this Management the
third or fourth Year you may
expeét full Crops: But then
the Roots and their OtT-l‘pring
are to be taken out of the
Ground in order to make frelh
Plantations; And an Acre of
Safirm Roots, of this (landing,
will plant about three Acres and
an half. ‘

Hares being great lovers of
definm, they fence in their Sufi
fron Grounds with Hurdles, or
fome other good Fence to keep
them out. '

When the Safiron comes to

‘flower, the Blolfoms mull bc

ga:

S A"

gathered very early in the Mom-
ing, becaufe the Stile or Pl/iil—
law, which is the pure Safiron,
ihrinks at the Approach of the
Sun; therefore while it lafis in
the Flower, a great many Hands
are employed every Morning to
pick it.

As the Safrm is gathered it
is put between Sheets of wlaite
Paper, and dried in little Kilns,
that they have for that Purpofe,
over a fire of Charcoal.

The Method of drying it
may be learned at Littlebary near
lVa/den in Eflex; for there is
to much art in it, that 34179032
is five or ten Shillings :1 Pound
the better for that only.

About three Pounds of frefh
Saflron will make one Pound
dry, and fometimes the Crop of
an Acre for one Year has a-
mounted to near eighteen Pound,
but ten Pound an Acre is very
common.

He fays, he is apt to believe
that there may be good Safiroa
gathered fron the blue Spring
Crocm: there being little, or no
diference, in the Flowers of the
one and the other, and if fo, the
Spring will bear a tolerable Crop
the firfi Year of planting ; and
then the Crop would be much
more certain, and the Culture
more eafy.

In dear Years it has been fold
for more thxn fiVe Pound per
Pound VVeight. '

2. SAGE.

H E R E are feveral Sorts
of Sage. Mr. Mortimer
reckons up the Red, the greert,

 

 

S A“
the Small and Variegated. Mr.
Bradley, the Red Sage, the Tea
Sage, or Sage of Virtue, and the
lVorm-wood Sage. They are all
raifed from Slip: taken from the
Root in the Beginning of April,
and planted at the Diliance of
a Foot each from other. The
tender Tops of the Leaves, but
efpecially the Flowers fhould be
fparingly cropp’d, yet not ('0
as to fuffer it to be too predo-
minant. -

He fays. that the Sage of Vir-
tae ihould be cut for drying
When it is full of young Shoots,
becaufe it is only thofe that are
fit to make Tea of : They fliould
be gathered in a dry Day about
Noon, and laid up to dry in
the Shade.

He fays, he has heard, that
lVarmwooa Sage is preferable to
Sage of Virtae‘, is nor only more
grateful to the Stomach, but
makes a pleafanter Liquor.

3. SAGITTA.

SflG ITTA is the upper Part
of any Cyon or Sprig of
a Tree.

4.8ALINE.

SJ L'I N E fignifies Salt, bri-
nilh.

5. SALLow.

O

T H E Sallo-w is propagated by

Cutting: {luck in theGround,
or large T runcheons of eight
or ten Foot long, or by Layerr.
Delights in a moift Soil, but
will grow on the driefl Sand‘;
8 4 is

SA

is to be lopp’d or tran fplanted in
February, is managed as the W?!-
low or Witby, which fee.

Mr.‘Cook fays there are three
common Sorts of SaIZo-wr, all of
which love a moil‘t, hollow
Ground; but that with the round
Leaf will grow on Banks, as
well as Hedges ; for if you fer
Stakes of them they will take
Root.

The 'other two grow belt on
moorilh Ground, and Will grow
much of Cuttingr, and may be
increafed well by Layerr. They
may fome Year's be rais’d by
Seed, but the Seed is not good
all Years.

He has rais’d many of them
from Seeds in the downy Sub-
fiance; but they are fo eafily
multiplied by Cutting: and Lay-
ers, that there needs not be the
Trouble of railing them from
Seed.

Mr. Eoelya fays, Fig; and [Wu]—
éerrie: may be rais’d on them,
and that they will thrive exceed-

' ingly.
6. SALSIFY, or GOATS - BEARD.

R. Zl’l'ortimcr fays, the com-

mon Sort is multiplied by
Seed, which is almolt like in all
Things to Scorzoizem, except its
Colour, which is a little greyer,
of a very long Oval Figure, as
ifit were fo many Cods, all 0-
ver fii‘Eak’d ; and as i‘ were en-
graven in the Spaces between
the Streaks, which are pretty
{harp pointed toward the End.

‘7. SPANISH SALSIFY, fcc Scon-
ZONERA.

 

SA.
8. SALT.

MR. Cook having treated of

Pigeons Dung, as being
good for cold Land, gives this
Reafon, that it is hotter and
falter than any other Dung that
he knows, it being the Nature
of Pigeons to eat Salt, and to go
to the Sea fide early in the
Mornings, to pick up Salt,
which the Heat of the Sun makes
by drying up the (alt Water,
and leaving the Salt upon the
Sand.

This Rexfon he gives, that
Salt is good for cold Lands is,
that it is the Nature of Salt,
that the drier and hotter it is
kept, the more it keeps its own
Body, and does not turn to Wa-
ter, and when it {buds in a
cold moll‘t Place, then in a lit-
tle Time it dillolves to \Vater,
and when it is turned to VVa-
ter, then it is fit for the Non-
rifhment and feeding of Seedr,
elpecially Annuals.

The Reafon Why Salt, "viz.
an VVater is a Feeder of Plants
or Seeds, is, that he has often ob-
ferv’d, that Salt falling on a
Board, {it will be long adry-
ing; and if it has been dryed
by Heat, Dc-Ws or R:in Will
make it moift again, and then it
[teams forth ; and that is it which
nourilhes all Plants: But it‘ it
be upon a hot and dry Ground,
late in the Spring, and dry \Vea-
ther comes, then it does not,
nor cannot yield its Steam or
Fume.

He adds, that he remembers,
that the Sea having broken into

his

SA

2' his Father’s Marfh in Lincoln/hire,

G4,

the next Summer proving dry,

; all the Grafs was clearly burnt

up, that they thought it had been
quite kill’d, and [‘0 it appear’d:

. But the next Summer proving
' wet, they had a little Grafs to-
' wards the latter End ; and the

third Summer Grafs enough;
but the fourth, and many Years
after, Grafs in Abundance.

By which it appeared, that the
Ground was fiupified with too
much of the Salt Water; but
after the too great Strength of
it was allay’d by the Rain,
then the Grafs could well digell
the gentle Fume.

Dr. Grew fuppofes that the
chief g0verning Principle in the
Juices of Plants is the feline, or
Salt, WhiCh fulim Principle is to
be underflood as a general Term.
The t'egctable Salt; feem to be
four, ”viz. the nitrom, the acid,
the din/me, and the marim.

He obfervcs, that the nitrom
Salts feem by Nature to be af-
figned chiefly to the Growth of
Plants ; and the other three Salts
are exhibited by the fever-.11 Ways
of relblving the Principles ofa
Plant.

As to the preferving of Seeds,
or bringing Seeds from foreign
Countries, Mr. Bradley men—
tions a Method communicated
to him by a Gentleman, as fol—
lows.

That when the Seeds have
been gathered, and dry’d as well
as the Warmth, or Air of the
Place can do, or a warm Pocket
will do in three or four Days,
they lhould be put into a Glafs
Bottle, or fome glaz’d Vefl‘el,

 

SA

and fiopp’d up very clol‘e, and
rather with a Stopple of the
fame, than with a Cork, be-
caufe Cork is apt to rot by
Change of Air. This Stopple
ihould be well done over with
Beez Wax and Rofin, or Pitch ;
then this Bottle, or Veffel lhould
be put into another glaz’d Vef-~
fel, and fill’d up on every Part
with common Salt, Bottom,
Sides and Top, or Stopple;
this being done, he thinks it im—
poifible, for any of the Seeds to
be injured in their Pafi‘age thro’
different Climates, for that no
Sort of Infeét can live in a Body
of common Salt.

This he fays he approves on
as avery proper Expedient, for
that befides the Salt will correét
the extraordinary Heat of war—.
mer’ Climates ; and that by its
Fixation and Coldnefs, it is not
to be fuppol‘ed that the excelfive
Heat of the hotteft Climates can
penetrate through it f0 as to
caufe any confiderable Decay in
the Seed. ‘

9. SAMPHIRE.

IS a Kind Offlony Par/1e}! mul-

tiplied only by Seedr, which
is more long than round, and
pretty big of a greenE/IJ grey C0-
lour, firip’d 0n- the Back and
Belly, and in Shape refembling
a lute. It being by Nature ve-
ry delicate, requires to be plant-
ed at the Sides of Walls expos’d
to the Sam/3 Eafl ; the open Air
and fliarp Cold being very per-
nicious to it. It is ufually fown
in fome Pot or Tub, filled with
Mould, or elfe on fome Side
Bank

S A‘
‘ Bank toward the Sour/5 and Eafl,
and that in Marc/a or April,
and is afterwards tranfpl‘anted
iréto thofe Places aboVe-mention-
e .

Mr. Mortimer fays, the Franc/9
Seed of this Plant is better than
ours. ‘ '

IO. SAND.

M R. Mortimer fays, fined} and
gravel/y Grounds do eafily
admit ofHeat and Moillure, for
which they are not much the bet-
ter, becaufe they let it pafs too
foon, and f0 contraé‘t no Liga-
ture ; or retain it too long, elpe-
cially Where the Bottom is of
Clay; and by that Means it ei—
ther parches or chills too much,
and produces nothing but Maj}
and cancrous Infirmitics ; but if
it happens the Sand has a Surface
of more genial, better Mould
than ordinary, and :1 Bottom of
Gravel or loofe Stone, tho’ it
do not hold the Water, it may
produce a forward, l‘weet Grafs;
and tho’ it may be fuhjeél to
burn, yet it quickly recovers it-
l‘elfwith the leal‘t Rain.

He fays, There are feveral
forts of pure, {heer Semd, as,
Mews, white, Mar/l], red, yellow,
harlher and milder, and form:
that is very light, being but
meer Dull; and alfo the 4/13-
colour’d, {31m}: and grey : The
fir‘fi is the molt infipid of any,
and is often found in heathy
Commons.

MOllfl zeim‘imy lays, Thole
Grounds t’ at are moderately
dry, light and fandy, are more
difpos’d to produce the Novel-

SA

ties of the Spring, than the
flrong, heavy, moift and' fat 7

Lands.

Mr. Bradley fays, That upon
the Foot of the excellent Expe-
riments of Mr. Laurence, and
his recommending the Ufe of
untry’d Earth, to mend fuch
Lands as have been worn out,
He has ‘chol'en to mix the light
Soils with the llili‘ ones; fup-
poring that the fandy Soils will
open the Parts of the fironger
Lands; and that Clays or fuch
as are clol'e, or are call’d fat
Lands, will help to nourifh and
inrich the Sand, which is of it-
felt‘ too light to hold fuflicient
Moil‘ture for the Support of V e-.
getation , or the Growth of
Plants.

Mr. Cook fays, Sea-8mm? is a
very good Compolt for Ground,
efpecially for flit? Ground 3 for
there it doth the two main Parts
to Plants, or any Seed or Tree,
that is, it makes Way for the
Tree or Seed to root in {tiff
Ground, and makes a Fume to
feed it; but this is too nimble
for the Seeds of Trees, (unlefs a
very little) for Reafons he gives.

Mr. Bradley fays, Sand is apt
to path the Plants that grow up-
on it early in the Spring, and
make them germinate near a
Month l‘ooner than thofe that
grow upon Clay; becaufe the
Salts in the Sand are at full Li~
berty to be raifed and put into
Motion, upon the leall Approach
of the Warmth of the Sun ; but
then as they are hally, they are
foon exhaled and loll.

But Sand has Plants that are
natural to it, and delight to in

 

1t,

 

S A
it, that they will fearce profper
in any other Earth.

He tells us of Hot-beds now
us’d in Holland, made of Sand,
which are not f0 apt to raife un-
Wholfome Damps, as thofe that
are made of common Horfe-
Dung: But tho’ he did not then
know how they were compos’d ;
yet he is of Opinion, that Beds
might be made to anfwer the
End of Gardening, in the Man-
‘ner following :

F irlt, raife a Floor two Foot
above the Ground, the fame
Length and Breadth as :1 Square
of Lights may (land upon ; lay it
with ten Inches or Foot Square
Tiles; make a Stove underneath
this Floor, and a Flue from it,
fo difpos’d as to give as equal
an Heat as poffible to the whole
Floor; raife a Wall two Foot
high from the Floor, encompaf—
ting the four Sides: Fill this
hollow with the coarm Sort
of Sand, that which is call’d
fcowring Sand, or drift Sand, or
fuch as is found upon the Sea-
more.

In this Stove make a little
Blaze with Bean-fialks, or fome
other Matter of fmall Value, to
warm the Floor; and by this
Means the Sand will be heated
in Proportion to the Quantity of
the Fire, and will retain the
VVarmth for fome Time: And
the Heat may be judged of, by
a Thermometer, that has been
regulated for the Degrees of
Heat and Cold, that fome Plants
require.

In fuch a Bed of Sand, thus
heated, he is of Opinion, we
might fer Pots with Seeds or

 

S A‘

Plants, and with the fame Ad-
vantage as in common Hot-beds;
for that the Dung in a Hot-bed
ought to have no other Relation
in the bringing up a Plant, than
what barely proceeds from a.
common Hot-bed.

But if there be other Occafion
for Sand-Heat, than the plung;
ing of Pots will admit of ; then
he thinks the Method propos’d
by Mr. Laurence may be of Ser-
vice; which is, to make aFrame
with Wire at the Bottom, {‘0
clofely knit together, that it may
hold fine Mould, and yet allow
Paflitge for \Vater, which may
be remov’d and fhifted from
Bed to Bed, when the Heat be-
gins to fail ; and fo not give
the Plants any Check in their
Growth. Such a Sort of Frame,
he fuppofes, may be of Ufe in a.
Sand-Bed ; . tho’ there may be
but little Occafion for it, be-
caufe the Heat of the Sand may
always be renewed by the Fire.
But chiefly, becaufe if the Sand
{hould at any Time be made too
hot, the Frame, Earth, and all
the Plants may be rais’d to fuch
a Degree above the Sand, as may
moderate the Heat of it: But
this Sort of Frame mufl be co-
ver’d with Glafs like a common
Frame. '

He alfo informs us of an in,
genious Contrivance of Mr. Sa-
muel Molimax, Which he thinks
to be of great Ufe in Gardening,
and will alfo take up but very
little Room. This is,

To make a Frame of Wood
in the Manner of a Hot-bed
Frame, [hppofing it to be three
Foot long, and two Foor over, .

wier’d

SA

wier’d at the Bottom, with ahfome of the Sand may be taken 1g

Glafs ~ Light to cover it, deep
enough to hold a fuflicient
Depth of Earth for the Nourifli-
ment of the Plants to be fet in it.
And then tO'procure a Box of
the fame Length and Breadth, a-
bout ten Inches deep; to fill it
with Sand for the Frame to
fraud upon, the Box having a
thin Iron-plate Bottom. Alfo
to have, in the third Place, an
Iron-Box, of the fame Dimenfi-
ons as the Box of Sand, deep e—
nough for a Lamp to burn in it ;
and at the End of this Iron Box
there {hould be an Outlet for
the Smoak, which may be us’d
as Oceafion requires.

The Oil, which may be burnt
in this Lamp, may be bought for
about Six-pence a Quart, which
may ferve for eight Times, each
eighth Part burning about twelve
Hours : And the Lamp needs
not be kept burning continually;
for that fuch a Body of Sand be—
ing once heated, will keep warm
for eight or ten Hours ; and [‘0 a
Quart of Oil may l'erre about a
Fortnight.

To regulate this Matter, a
Thermometer may be plac’d in
the Earth, to direct, when the
Lamp thould burn, and when it
{hould be put out : And a little
Experience will direét to the jnit
Quantity of Oil necellary to be
expended.

He is of Opinion, That by
this Invention, Heat may-be re-
gulated to any Degree we would
have it; For iFit be great, it"may
be moderated by adding more
Sand; and if it be too finall,

 

SA-

away.
The Iron—Box, in which the

Lamp is to be fet, may be made ,
to move upon Wheels or Rol- ‘
The Box of Sand is to be '
fet upon that ; and the Frame of »-

lers.

Earth upon that : And the Iron-
Plate at the Bottom of the Box
of Sand, may probably ferve for
the Top of the Iron Lamp—Box.

This Sort of Hot-bed has this L.
of being mov’d 3'

Conveniency,
from Place to Place, to thatrit
may {land Abroad in fair VVea-
ther, and be drawn into the
Green—houfe in very fliarp, frofly
Weather.

He thinks, That it is belt that

 

,. 3-;

it always hand with its Face to ‘3

the Soar/.7, and not to ihit‘t it to
the 134/} and I! 17/1‘ to get ahlittle f

more Sun ; becaufe it is the Na-
ture of Plants always to {land
ftill, and not to change their
Afpeé! from what they firti had.

11. SAP.

R. Agricola tells us, That

there are found in Trees, all
Sorts of Veim and Arterier,

 

which traverl‘e all their Parts: _

The firlt are detign’d to carry
the Sap through all the Brant/yer;
and the others to return it back
to the [Chat : But it is very diffi-
cult to find out the firft Principle
or Heart, from whence they
have their Rife. However, if
the Place, where the Pineal
Gland lies, be examin’d, that is,
the Place where the Slam joins
with the Roof, there will be a
Kind of Sinuolity found, with a

finall

I'.

SA

Tfmal] Spot or Point : And it is
gprobable, that the Principle of
Jthe llrteriet and Vein: may be
ifound there; for from thence
:1 proceed two great Ramifimtiom,
t Ihooting out on both Sides, one
> of which runs up the Trunk, and
I the other del‘cends into the Root,
: and fpread themfelves every
' where. There are two Sorts of
iVefl‘e/x, or different Kinds of
l Veim; fome of the largeft .go
: firaitening themfelves; and the
~ others which are narrower, grow
larger. '

Thefe, like the Nerves, fpread

‘ through all the Parts of a Tree,
and convey the nourifhing Sap
from the Ventricles to all the
Parts; and then pafling by a
Glam! 0r L'ymp/Jatick Vej/H, the
refl of the Liquor turns back
again through the Veim.

It is from this Sap that the
Nerves alfo draw their Nourifh-
ment. It is plain, that all Trees
have Nerve: ; nor can it be de-
nied, that they have alfo their
Ca’véfiex, wherein there is fome
Share of Sap. The Sap-Conduit:
are found every Where in very
great Numbers, as is found on
the Diifeétiori of the Stem .-
The Sap which is found in them
is like clear Water ; and when
the Tree is wounded, runs from
them plentifully, as may be feen
in Birela and other Trees.

He fays, in another Place,
Tho’ the Seed of a Tree, while
it is not impregnated, has no
Power of Vegetation ; yet fince
the Emma ofa Tree, even be-
fore it is fertiliz’d, is fed and
maintain’d, it may thence eafily
be concluded, That this cannot

as;
S A‘

the without a nourilhing Sap;
sThC Seed has in itfelf enough ‘of
this to fupply it,» ’till it is fer—
tiliz’d or hatch’d in the Bowels
of the Earth ;- but if it be kept
too long out of the Ground,
the Sap confumes and dries up,
and the Seed-Bud is fpoil’d, and
becomes unfit for Vegetation.

But as foon as the Seed-Bud
( or that he calls the Plantain )
begins to vegetate, by Means of
the vegetative Principle, then it
begins to draw Nouriflamcnt,
and grow vigoroufly.

The inward and hidden Ope-
ration proceeds from nothing
elfe but the Reception' of .the
nourilhing Sap.

The N ourilhment and Growth
of a Tree confil‘ts in a regular
and uniform Reception of the
nourifhilig :‘fm'ee. The Root,
which is the Mouth of a Tree,
draws the Sap or 3am from the
Earth, and conveys it to the
Trunk, Where it enters the Ca-
vitie: of the Tree, which may
be call’d the 0efop/mgm and Ezra
trail: of the Tree. When it has
been there fuflieiently digefled, it
difiributes it felf by different
Veim into all the Parts.

From this Sap, the Glandr,
Lymp/aafiek Veflelr , and the
Newer, attract to themfelvcs
fuch Nourifhment as they re-
fpeélively require; and the Re-
mainder returns back to the o-
ther Parts.

And fince the mol‘t fubtile and
purefi juice is found in the
Newer, and theft: are plac’d the
molt conveniently for nourilhing
the other Parts; therefore all

the

 

S A
the other Parts are adjnlled and.
proportioned to them.

This nourifhing Sap of a Tree,
is a Heterogeneom Sluice, com-
pos’d of divers Things ; fuch as
Parts Which are aqueous, feline,
fulpbztream, aromatiek, and Ter-
rem.

Thefe Particles are mix’d and
proportion’d one with another
after different Manners ; and fo
Varioufly combin’d, that it can-
not well be defcrib’d.

Tho’ every Tree has in it felf
fomething of thofe before-men-
tion’d Parts ; yet one has Occa-
fion for more, and another has
Occafion for lefs of this or that,
according to their particular
Natures, and the different Mo-
dification of their Bodies.

Trees, that are of a watery
Confiitution, require a Soil or”
the fame Nature, that they may
draw abundance of Moil’ture, or
they will not thrive.

Others that are of a dry Con-
fiitution, which are full of ful-
plmreom, Oleagirrom and Belfr-
micb Parts, if they are planted in
Ground abounding with fuch-
like Parts, they will not only
draw great Quantities of them
to their ~Nourifhment, but will
grow and profper in Propor-
tion.

But thofe Trees that have
more faline Parts, and require
Particles of volatile Sex/tr, they
will require fuch an Earth as
has thofe Parts, in order to grow
and profper as they ought.

Perhaps while Trees are grow-
ing, this Sap is drawn and difiri-
buted in greater abundance, than
when they are only fupply’d with

S A‘
fer/2 for their Nouriihment ; and

Trees ’till they have attained to
their full Extent either of Height
or Thicknefs, and then is drawn
in a leffer Quantity.

Of Me C irculeztzorz of tbe 341).]
Mr. Bradley fays, That Vegeta-
tion equally depends on the Or-
der of Nature, in Treer, Sbrabr,
or Herbereom Plantr; their Prin—
ciples being equally the fame;

Manner draw their Nourifhment
by the way of their Roar: ; and
this Nourifhment is convey’d in-
t0 the Stem, Bramber, Lea-vex,
Flowers and Fruit, through pro—
per Veflcls.

The Nature of Plants, he fays,
may be better underliood, by
drawing a Parallel between them
and Animals.

By the Obfervations which
have been made concerning the
Structure of Animal Bodies, and
the Structure of Vegetablex, will
afcertain us, That Life, Whether
it be Animal or Vegetable, mull
be maintain’d by a due Circula-
tion and Dr/lribzzriorr of Juices in
the Bodies they are to fupport.

Mel‘. Bradley, (Walpigim, and
Dr. Grew, have (by the Help
of Mirrofeoper) difcovered the
feveral Vefi'els and other Parts
that compofe :1 Plant.
proceeds to explain, how the Sap
circa/die: in the Veff€ls of P1471251,
as the Blood does in the Bodies
of Arrimalr.

In Order to the better Under-
flanding this new Syflem, hei
gives a fhort Defcription of the
Veflelr in Plant:, and their Situ—
ation. 1. As

 

then the Veflelr dilate, and are,
more extended, and fwell the-

WNW”

gem

that is, they all after the fame ’

' «1*4.5 3’

And he ‘

S A‘

I. AS to the Roots. The Root:
bfPlam‘: are of a fpungy Nature,
fitted to admit into them thol‘e
.numid Particles, that are fitted
f in the Earth, by a certain Tem-

perature of Air ) to be received
r'nto their Pores : It is alfo ob-
fervable, That the various Qua-
x'iities of difi‘erent Plant: do chief.
\iy depend on the different Size
13f the Veflel: and Pore: WhiCh
are in their Roots, by which they
receive their feveral Nourifh-
merits.
‘ 2.. The Wood of every Kind
zof Plant is compos’d of capil~
rlary Tubes, which run Parallel
.with each other, from the Root
( uptight) through the Trunk.
The Cavities of them are (‘0
ifmall, that they are fearcely dif-
):ernable by the natural Eye; ex-
cept it be in a Piece of Clmrcoal,
Cane, or Oaken Board.

Thefe VefleIS augment them—
;l‘elves every Year: This may
oe perceiv’d by cutting a Tree
Jorizontally ; for then the Lati-
:udinal Shootings, and the an-
nual Addition of thefe Pipes
may be difcover’d : And for
this Reafon, the Trunks of Trees
grow in their Circumference.

Thefe Tube; he calls Arterial
Veflély ; for from thefe Tale: or
flrterial Veflrlx the Sap rifes
-:“rom the Root in a fine Vapour ;
:"or the Cavities of them are to
."mall, that it is impoflible they
Thould admit any Thing, the
Parts of which are as large as
:hofe ofa Liquor.

3 The I’aflages or Pipes, thro’
.Which the Sap returns down-
.wards, are much opener than
rzhofe before—mention’d, and are

S A-
capable' of [receiving a Liquor in-
to them. 'Fhefe Paffages are-
plac’d immediately on the Out-
fide of the Arterial VeflZ’IJ‘, be-
twixt the Wood and the inner
Bark, and lead directly down
to the Covering of the Root.
Thefe do the Office of Veim‘,
and contain the liquid Sap that
is to be perceived in Plant: in
the Spring and Summer MOnths.

4. The Bark of Trees is of
a fpungy Texture, and alfo cor-
refponds with the Pith, by ma-
ny little Strings which pafs be~
tWeenr arterial Piper.

5. he Pitlz of the Trees is
compofed of fmall tranfparent
Globes, which are chained to-
gether after the manner that
thofe Bubbles are, which com—
pofe the Froth of any Li-
quor.

So that, in thrt, a Plant is
as it were an Alembick, which
diflils the Juices of the Earth.

When the Root of a Tree has
fuck’d in the Salts of the Earth,
and has filled it felf with Juices
proper for its N ouriflnnent, then
thefe Juices are put into Motion
by Heat, 2‘. e. they are caufed to
evaporate into Steams, as What
is put into a Still will do,
when it begins to warm; and
as foon as the Steam 'or Vapour
rifes from the Root, it is carried
upwards by its own natural Qua—
lity to meet the Air, and then
enters into the Mouths of the
feveral arterial Vefli’lr of the
Tree, and is paired up to the
Top with a Force that is anfwe-
rable to the Heat by which it is
put into Motion. By this Means

 

the minute Veffels are opened,
(by

5

SA

(by little and little, as it can
force its Way) which Vefl'els
are roll’d up in Budx, and ex~
plain them by Degrees into
Leaves.

But as every Vapour of this
Kind will condenfe and thicken
into a Water when it feels the
Cold; ('0 when the Vapour be-
fore mentioned , which rifes
through the arterial Veflklr, ar-
rives at the extreme Parts of
them, i. e. the Bud: of the Tree,
it meets with Cold enough there
to condenfe it into a Liquor as
the Vapour does in a St' ‘ .

In this Form it does, by its
own Weight return to the Root,
dOWn thofe Vefl'elr, which per-
form the Office of Veim, and
Which lie between the inner
Bark and Wood 5 and as it paf—
fes by leaves fuch Parts of its
Juice, as the Texture of the
Bark is capable of receiving, and
does require for its Support.

As for the Pitlv, which has
been accounted the principle
Part of a Tree, he fays, he takes
the let‘s notice of it, becaufe ma-
ny herbaceom Plant; have nO
Pith at all, and that he has feen
the Trunk of large Tree; With—
out any Pith, which yet have
kept on growing, and bearing
Fruit, fo that the order of‘ wage-
tation may be explained without
regarding the Pita.

As an Initance of the Circu-
lation of the Sap in Plants, Mr.
Laurence gives an Account of
an Experiment of his, as to the
yeflamine.

He fays, he cannot but take
notice what a nobleDemonl‘trati-
on the yellow flrip’d yea/famine has

 

SA

afi‘orded of the certain Circula-
tion of the Sap in a Tree, as the
Blood in the Body of‘ an Ani-
mal.

He propofes a plain 3efl2zmiue
Tree, , which fpreads it felt‘ in
two or three Branches from one
common Stem near the Root.
If you inoculate a Bad of aye/—
104w flrip’d :flfllzmim into any of‘
thefe Branches in Azzgzgfl, and it
abides there all the \Vinter, when
the Tree begins to make its
Shoots in Summer, you may
perceive fome of the Leaves
here and there ting’d with yel-
low, even upon thofe Branches
which were not inoculated, till
by Degrees, in the following
Years, the whole Tree, even
the very Wood of all the ten-
der Branches will be beautiful-
ly firip’d and dy’d with green
and yellow intermixt.

It matters not whether the
Branch be.cut ofi“ above the Ino-
culation, to caufe the Bad it felf
to ihoot; for it will have the
fame Efleei of tinging by De—
grees, the whole Sap of the Tree,
as it paires by or through this
Bad, and will communicate its
Virtue to thole Branches that
are molt diitant and oppoiite, al-
tho’ the Bad it felt fhould not
ihoot out.

He adds, that he has feveral
Times had Experience, that if a ,
Bud does but live two or three ‘
Months, altho’ it fhould after-
wards die or be wounded by any
Accident, yet that it will have
in that finall Time ['0 communi-
cated its Virtue to all the Sap,
that the Tree will become in-
tirely firip’d. This Difcovery,

‘ he

SA

he fays, does without Doubt
prove the Circulation of the Sap.

Mr. Bradley fays, That him-
felf and feveral others have fe-
veral Years fince made the fame
Experiment ; and from thence
he took the fitlt Hint of the Mo-
tion of the Sap.

He adds, That the Motion of
, the Sap continues in a Plant, as
long as the Warmth of the Sun
is able to keep it in a fluid State;
buta UGm‘er’S Cold condenfes or
thickens it, and turns it into the
Confifiency of a Gum ; and
when it is once thus fiagnated,
it cannot move any more, ’till
it is ratified into its former liquid
State by the Warmth of the fuc-
ceeding Spring, or by fome arti-
ficial Heat.

But then the former Vigour is
renew’d, and it pufhes forth
Bram/Jet, Leaves, {396. But it is
not to be fuppos’d, that it is on-
ly the melted Sap, which was
thickened in the Tree, during
the Il’z'mer-Seafon, that performs
the Office of Germimtim ; for
while the Bram/9e: have flood
fiill, the Root has not been idle ;
the Roqt has not loll the Moi—
flure of the foregoing flutumiz,
to impregnate or furnilh it felf
with proper Salt: or Nourizure,
which are to maintain the Tree :
There is a Supply laid in, to fur-
niih Food for the Summer-
Seafon.

And Whereas it has been a
common Opinion, That the Sap
returns to the Root in the Water :
In Confutation of it, he fays,
If it is, [0, how comes it, that
thofeTrees, that are cut down in
Norember or December, do the

V o L.- H.

 

S A
following Spring put forth Bran-
c/ae: and Leaver, altho’ they have \
no Root or Earth to feed them?

Which makes it appear plain,
That the Sap is by extreme Cold
condenfedxor thickened in the
Tree , during its circakztive
Courfe, and continues in that
gummy State ’till it is liquified
by the Warmth of the Spring;
and (‘0 long as there is Matter
remaining in the T rzmk fuflicient
to furnifh them, the Bad: are
pufh’d forth by the Vapour Which
Inuit then arife from'it. .

Not foreign to this Matter,
Mr. Cook fays ; as to thofe Trees
that [bed their Leaves, he takes
the S4}: ( if the Weather be open)
to be {till afcending into the -
Head, altho’ it be Mid-Mater : _
Tho’ there does not arife enough
of it to keep the Leaves on, nor
to make it bud forth; yet it is
plain that it keeps the Buds full
and freih, and encreafes the
Growth of the Tree; for that
fame pory Subflance of a Tree,
that is between every Annual
Circle, is made by the H/z'mfer’s
Sap; and by how much the ”/232-
ter is the milder, the greater this
will be; as is vifible in the fl/Iy,
.041», Elm, {5%.

As for thofe Trees which hold
their Leaves, the Wood of them
is clofe and compaél; between
the Annual Circles; and that
is the Reafon, that. when they
are bark’d round, they die f0
foon ; Alfo the Sap of fuch
Trees, being of aTurpentine and
elammy Subflance, is the Caufe
that they hold their Leaves all
the lVinter, being ( as it were )
glued on by it; and it being

T once

SA

once fet, by Cold, it requires a,
pretty deal of Heat to make it
thin, and put it into t‘Jotion; as
it mutt be F roll that fets or flays
the Motion of Water ; but a lit-
tle Cold. will make Pitt/5 or
Tmpentwe fiifl‘.

Mr. Bradley fays, That {ince-
it is evident from What he has,
faid, 771.72: t/acre 1': a Circulation
of fine Sap in Plants, and a/fo a
proper [Warm to fupply tbemfe/"Ue:
with Food 5 It is worth while to
confider, Whether Plantr in
their feveral Kinds do not re-
quire different Sorts of Food,
like various Kinds of Aflimzl/J‘,
which difer in their Diet. This,
he fays, has been to little ob-

.‘ferv’d by fome of the greatelt
Planters, that fcarce one in five
of their Plantations have given
them Occafion to boafi.

Whereas, as fevcral Land-
Animalr have their refpcétive Di-
ets; fo_Tcrrme Plzmtr have their
feveral Soils, from whence they
draw their Nouriihmcnt.

IVIr. S'zuitzer fays, That Where-
as it has been the common Opi-
nion, that the Sap defcends into
the Roots, at the Termination of
the Year, and there lies dormant
all the Hitter, ’till it is drawn

up again by the Heat of the
Spriag: It has been obl‘crv’d,

That it‘a Limb or Bough be ta-
ken in the Depth of the H Erz/cr,
when the Sap might be thought
to be in its grand "epofe, and
any Part of any Trce be cut oh”,
and laid on the Fire, the 34/)
will run outat both Ends, by
the Force of the Heat; which
_is a plain Demonilration, that

_ s A
the Sap is not gone down into
the Rootr.

,But befides, it ought to be
coniider’d, Whether the Root:
are capable to contain the de-
fcending Sap; which are proba-
bly full enough already of the
Sap that belongs to themfelves:
As to the Procefs of the Sap be-
ing iiopt, that is eafily accounted
for, by the Coldnefs of the Air ;’ .
for the 8.212 in mofl Trees being
a thin Fluid, it is eafily aflail’d
and flopt by the leafi Declenfion
of the Sun.

And that which makes. it
otherwife in Hollies, flaws, and
other Ezw-gremr, is the Strength
of the vifcous and other gluti-
nous and gummy Qualities of
their Sap, by which they retain
their Leaves all the H’mter : So
that While other Kinds of Trees
are more fragile and brittle, the
Sap thin, and confequently the
Leaves deciduous upon the leal‘t
Approach of Cold in Winter:
The “700d of Ever—green; is
rough in its Nature ; f0 that the
Leaves adhere the firmer, being
as it were ty’d on with Strings
to the lionghs.

He adds, however plain it
may appear againil the Declen-
lion oi‘ the (>415, That he has
lien an lniiance in Bucking/Jam-
fljirc, which helps to confirm
th-t Opinion :

A :7qg'lzmim, which was graft-
ed with a {h'ip’d one of the fame
Sort, about two or three Foot
above the Ground; and fome
Years after, the fame Stripes did
nOt only appear above, but alfo
in many Branches that were a

 

 

C011-

8
-

r1
.

- S A
Confiderable Way under 'the
Grafting Place. '

But this, he fuppofes, rather
to proceed from a recoiling or
retiring ot‘ the Sap, which is
thinner in this Tree than in any
other. And that it is plain,
That it does thus retire or link
towards the vital Principle, as
the Blood in the Body of a
frighted Animal retires towards
the Heart. The Reafon he
gives, is, That the Tops of thefe
Trees die more than thofe of
other Trees, by being left deiti-
tute of Sap in the W'Mfir—
Seafon.

AS to the Circulation of the
Sap in Trees, as of the Blood in
the Bodies of Animals, he lays,
he is as much to feek, in the Pa-
rity of Reafon, Why it fhould be,
as the Method by which it is ef-
feéted. But it is certain, the na-
tural h'lechanifin of the Body
does require Extcnfion (under
which may be well accounted
that fmall Height to which. the
tallelt of Animals do attain)
and lb of Confequence, the
Blood is not‘employ’d about
any other Servicez' But Trees
require an unlimited Procera—
tion; and it is reafonable to
fuppofe, that Nature employs all
her Force to that End.

7 And as for the Swelling or
Extenlion of Trees, it is obvi-
ous, That it proceeds from the
Effufion of the Sap from the
Heart of the Tree, through the
Pores, which dilates and fwells
the whole infenfibly, by accu-
mul-ating Circle upon Circle;
which are annual Gradations,
that are plain enough to be feen,

S A
the Branch, Bough, or Trunk of
a Tree being cut a-erofs.

And that it is obl‘erveable,
That the Sun has a very great
Influence, in that the annual
Circles of that Side of the Tree
which is next to the Sun are
much larger than thofe are, that
are on the North Side of it.

That the Sup does circulate,
appears from this remarkable
Thing, which happened in Mr.
Fairc/oi/ci’s Garden, by the Bud-
ding or Inoculating fome of a.
Poflim-Tree, whol‘c Leaves were
fpotted with yellow, into one of
that Sort Of Pafioaz-Trce that
bears the long Fruit; for tho’
the Boughs did not take, yet af-
ter they had been budded a F ort-J
night, the yellow Spots began
to fliew thenifelves about three
Foot above the Inoculation;
and in a little Time after that,
the yellow Spots appear’d on 2.
Shoot, which came out of the
Ground from another Part of
the Plant; which is a plain Proof
Of the Sap’s Circalcztz'm.

The fame Perfon having graft-
ed the Ever-green Oak, 01‘ [law
of Virginia, upon the commm
Unit, the Leaves of the common
04,4, which was the Stock, de—
cay’d and fell off at the ufual
Seafon of the Year; but the
Ever—green Oak, which was the
Cyon grafted upon it, held its
Leaves, and continued {booting
in the ”Safer; to that when
Trees drop their Leaves, the
Sop keeps full in Motion, and
is not gone into the Root, as
fome Perfons think.

Mr. Bradley fays, He had

 

once a Cafe of the like Nature,
T 2. Which

”I“

SA

which he experienc’d in the.
Lottro-Cerafus, or . common Lau-
rel, Which he inoculated on the
Wild block C/oerry; the Leaves
of the black Cherry dropt about
September; but the Buds of the
Laurel ihot out or fprouted
fome Time after, and held grew
all the ll’z'ntcr.

A Confirmation of this is‘ to
be obferv’d in the Mi/letoe, which
is both an Ever-green, and alfo
grows and ripens its Fruit a long
Time after the Tree it grows
upon has il’lCd its Leaves.

It is evident in the Trunks of
Elm: and other Trees, that are
cut from their Root: in ”Qatar,
that the Sap of thofe Trees which
lofe their Leaves does not re-
' turn to the Root to lodge there
in beam. For that,‘after they
have been bored for Water-pipes
many Months after their Fall,
they make Shoots, and fpring
from every Joint, as if they had
a Communication with the Root,
which they could not have done,
if the Sap had gone down to the
Root at the Fall of the Leaf.

lVIr. Eit'rC/Zillpl alfo has made
another Experiment, by cutting
the Shoot of a fig—Tree or a
filzzlécr‘ry-Treo, in the loi'zottcw
SeafonJas well as in the Sea/moor;
in which cafe the Sop always
runs out at both Ends, which is
a plain Proof, that there are not
only Veil‘els for the Sap to rife
through from the Root, but alfo
for the Return of it: The one
flowing with that which pre—
ceeds immediately from the
Fountain through the VVood-

Vefl'els ; and the other End of

the Branches exhibiting the re-

A
a

S A
turning Sap. This Experiment
was ihewn by him before the‘
Royal - Society, in‘the ”Gate?“-
Time ; and is :1 Confirmation of
‘the Circulation of the Sap.

He adds, That thinking of
fome Obfervations he had made
in his own Garden, relating to
the Circalatz'm of Sop, 53’s. he
inarch’d fome large Pear-Tree:
into young Stocks, and had left
them intirely depending upon the
Stocks : When they had taken,
having faw’d one of the old
Trees from its original Root, he
plainly perceiv’d there Was as re-
gular a Circulation Of yuices
there, as in Animal Bodies, by
the good Growth of every Part
of the old Tree, which had no
other Nouriflnnent than from
,the young Stocks it was inarch’d
into.

As to fome Perfons, who
would know how long Circula-
tion is performing ; Mr. Bradley
gives an Anfwer to the Purpofe
following : That they ought to
underfiand, that the [llotiwz of
the guise; is conflant ; and that
whatfoever hinders it, or quick-
ens it beyond its eonltant Courfe,
tends to weaken the Plants ; be-
caufe the Secretions then are not
Irlghtly made; and befides, the .
{filo/ion of the 35mm: is not alike
in every Plant, being in fome
flower, and in others quicker.
'As the Cirozzltzz‘iozt of the Blood
'in Jaime/I differs, and is not
perform’d with the fame Rapi-
dity in all, that it is in fome.

As to the Queltion, How
long the infeEted Matter inocu-
lated in Plants will be before it
{hews it felf in the remote Parts~

Of

 

 

S A‘

of the Plant. He anfwers, that
it is a Parallel with the Cafe
of inoculating the Small—Pox
in human Bodies, the Effect of
which Operation is ,either fooner
or later, according as the Body
is in more or lefs Vigour, when
Inoculation is made, or from
the Strength of the Infeélion
inoculated, which fornetimes is
not flrong enough to afi'eét the
Whole Body of the. Juices; and
if fo, either does not appear
at all, or very late, and is fome-
times three, four, five, fix or
ten Days before it has difperfed
it felf over the whole Body, and
infected theBlood enough to thew
it felf: So it is in Plants, as
appears from the Paflioo-Tree,
before-mentioned, that it was a
Fortnight before the yellow Spots
appeared, and in fome Plants it
will be longer.

It is worth taking notice of,
that the yellow Spots firfi began
to thew themfelves in the new
Branches, which, as it appears,
are of very quick‘ Growth, and
fhoot above three Inches and a
half in a Day, as he has experi-
enced, having meafured one
Shoot of a Paflion-‘Trce, Which
from the Beginning of [Way to
the End of September had grown
thirty two Foot in Length; and
he finds that Variegatiom, after
Inoculations , thew themfelves
[bench in thofc Plants that are
quick Growers.

' Mr. Bradley anfwers to fome
ObjeEtions that have been made
againfl the Circulation ofthe Sap,
Pays, that fume of his Reade“,
upon the Article of Tulip, which
he had treated on, do totally de-

 

S A

ny that there is fuch a Thing as
Circulation of Sap in Plants:
But as it appears they are none
of the firit Rank among the
learned, and by their Objections
it appears that they do not W611
know What the WOrd Circu-
lation Means, and much lefs how-
it . is performed ; he therefore
being very ready and Willing
to take any Opportunity to fet
them to rights, anfwers,

That Circulation fignifies a go-
ing or fearching about; and
that when the Circalation of
Blood ‘ in Animal Bodies is fpo-
ken of, there is meant by it the
going about of the Blood through
all the Parts of thofe Bodies
from its Fountain, and return-'
ing of it thither again ; and that
whenever the Motion of the
Blood flops in thefe Bodies, they
die. '

And that in order to ptefer’ve
Life in Animal Bodies, the
Blood fhould continually move
through the Veflcls, and their
feveral Branches and Ramifi—
cations ; and that it fhould,
in the feveral Parts of the
Body, leave fuch Juices as are
necefl‘ary for the Nourifhment
and Support of each Particu-
lar; and when it pafl'es by its
Fountain, and renews its for-
mer Vigour, lhould take in a
freih Supply of Wholefome N on-
rilhment, to make good what it
has loll in its Courfe, and to {up-
ply the fame Parts as it pafi'es by
them, as it did before.

But this Motion of the Blood
in Animal Bodies is not in firait
Lines upwards and downwards,
but by a great Number of Turn;

’ ' T 3 ‘ ings

S A \
ings and Windings, correfpond-
ing to every Part of the Body,
f0 that the Blood in its Motion
about the Body does not neg-
leét any Part of it.

A ready Proof of the Circu-
lation of the Sap may be had
from the great Gardeiz Sparge,
of which if you cut ofi‘a little
Shoot, the wounded Velfels in the
Stalk will immediately emit fo
large :1 Quantity of milky Juice,
that it will continue dropping
for near two Minutes, till it is
1'0 thickened by the Sun and Air,
that the Mouths of the wound~
ed Veffels are flopped with it;
and it appears plain‘in the Leaves
of this Plant, even Without the
Afliilance of a Microfcope, that
this Sap flows through Veffels
which arife from the Root, and

ave aCorrefpondence with o-
thers which return ; but efpeci-
ally if a Leaf ofi: be cut'acrofs
with Seifiars, the Milk will im-
mediately appear at the Mouths
of the wounded VelTels.

The Dog’r Bane Tribe, or {7-
Pocizzam, which has milky Jui-
ces, will alfo thew the fame
Thing, efpecially fuch of them
as have the largei‘t Leaves, and
are the quickeit Growers. And
Mr. Bradley iS of Opinion,
that fome of them have Leaves
f0 tranfparent, that the Milk
may be difeerued circulating thro’
them, as the Blood is difcerned
circulating thro’ the webb’d Part
of the Foot of aFrog, or the
Tail of a Filh: But then the
Leaf, which is thus examined,
mutt be growing on the Plant,
during the Time the Obfervation
is making; and the Microfcope
mufi be [‘0 fixed in forne Frame

 

 

 

SA

as to be kept {‘teady; there may
be a Lamp alfo made ufe of to
help the Difcovery.

Again you may eafily obIErve
the Veffels that ferve to con-
vey this Juice through the
Leaves of the Plants, on the
Back of the Leaf of a E'g—Tree,
where you will find them to be
all branch’d into one another;
and that what Sap flows through
the one, correfponds with all
the rell ; [‘0 that the Juice which
comes into the Vetfels in the
Leaf through fome of the Vet‘-
fels or Pipes in the Foot Stalks,
does circulate through all the Vet'-
fels in the Leaf, as well down-
wards as upwards, as will be
demonfirated by the following
Experiment.

If you cut or {lamp a fmall
Hole in the Leaf, between a-
ny two of the capital Veffels,
you will fee the white Sap flow
from the wounded Veffels on
one Side, or about half the Cir-
cumference of the Hole, that
you have cut ; but it will but

warm

m' 1» fitting .

very rarely iflile from the other -

V eirels that are wounded, be-
caufe the Communication has
been broken: But if you make
feveral of thefe finall Holes in a
Leaf, without cutting the larger
V'etfels, you will find the V ef-
fels in fome fling out Juice to-
wards the Root of the Leaf,
and fome flowing, with Juices
from the Foot Stalk, towards
the upper Part of the Leaf, {'0
that at the fame Time the Sap
is running through all the Bran-
ches of the Velrels, whether up
or down ; and the Plant by re—
ceiving into all its Parts their

l‘l.ill\‘

SA

Share of the circzrlating Juices,
as each is appointed to receive,
is encreafed in Bulk.

It is his Opinion, that the
Courfe of the Sap may be flop-
ped by Ligatures, and [‘o the Paf-
fizge of the Sap into any Part
may be prevented ; Which to him
is a Demonflration, that in Plants
the Motion of the Juices is
throughout the \Vhole, or that
they circa/are about it as the
Blood does in animal Bodies,
and not (as fome Gardeners
have fuppofed,) only up and
down in [trait Lines.

And though there are indeed
{trait upright Veffels in the woo-
dy Part of the Trees through
Which he fuppofes the Sap has a
Paffage, yet thefe Veifels do no
longer continue ftrait than till
they reach to a Bud; but when
they come to it, they branch forth
and enter the Bud to ferve it
with Nourilhment, and to feed

it till it is explained and open- -

ed; and when they have perfor-
ed this, they branch again into
the feveral Buds that are in that
Branch, and [‘0 proceed till the
Tree is fully perfected. ,
But then it ought alfo to be
' obfervod, that the Veifels
fpeaks of pafiing through the
XVood do fpread 'themfelves,
and are branched forth into
Roots, and are inoculated into
others; f0 that there are Sap Vef—
fels quite throughout the Whole
Plant maintaining aCorrefpon-
ence between one Part and a-
nother, even from the extream
Parts of the Head, to the. ex-
tream Parts of the Root.

he_

 

S A

So that it is reafonable to
conclude, that When any Part
of a Tree is envenomed in its
Juices, the Whole will be in-
fected after the fame Manner,
as in the Inoculation of the
Small-Pox, where forne of the
poifonous Matter taken from
the Pufiules, and inoculated in
an healthful Perfon, will ina
fmall Time thew it felf in fe-
veral Parts of the Perfon that
has been inoculated. '

He proceeds to infiance in the
Brazile yeflézmiue, where more
may be feen, and alto further
Inftances of the Sap’: Circala-
tion in the Articles, Variegation,
Vegetation, Gr.

1:. SARCULATION, s

Sarculatiorz. ]
S aweeding or plucking up

Weeds.

13. SATYRION, or Oacms; '
fee BEE FLOWER.

14.. SAVIN, or SABIN.

- H I 8 Plant, Mr. Mortimer

fays, will make fine Hed—
ges, and by clipping may be
brought into any Sort of Form,
beyond any of thofe Trees com-
monly made ufe of for that
Purpofe ; efpecially fuch as are
not defigned to, grow to any
Stature or Bulk. It is cafily in—
creafed either by Cuttiagr, La),-
err or Seed: ‘ .

T 4. 15.SA~

S A
15. SAVORY.

SA I70 R 2" is of two Sorts,
theSnmmer Savory and the
”finter Savory. The Summer
Savory is an annual Plant, and
is railed by Secdr. The lenter
Savory is a perpetual Plant, and
will live over the Ufznter, and is
increafed by Seed: or Slips.

16. SAXAFRAS, or SASSAFRAS-
TREE.
T H I S is a Virginian Plant.
‘ Mr. Bradley fays, it Iofes
.its Leaves in the Lther, and
in the Spring bearslyello-w Flow—
ers in Clufters, which are fuc-
ceeded by blac Berries, fomewhat
rtiembling thol‘e of the Laaraf-
finer, upon rea’ Foot Stalks.
Thei‘e Berries are to be fown
in 1:. 77:12, in Pots oflight Earth,
and for into the Green-honfe in
VViuter, and in the Spring fol~
lowing afiil‘ted witha Hot-bed.
It loves a light Soil, and he is
of Opinion, it might be brought
to live in our \Voods, after it

had been a little hardened, and
ufed to our Climate.

 

I7. SCABIOUS.

Defiription. J

H I 3 Plant is thus defcrib-

by Monf. Liger. It puts
forth oblong, hairy and jagged
Leaves, and a final], round, {trait
Stalk, from whence proceed a
great many Leaves. At the End
of the Stalks grow Flowers of
unequal Leaves, all contained in

 

SC

one common Cup, of which
thofe that are in the Middle
are divided into four or five

Parts, forming, as it were, two

little Lips ; the other comes, as
it were, out of the Top of- the

Ema-7'0, and grows in 21 Cup pro- '

per to them, which in Time
becomes a Capfula containing

oblong Seeds, furmounted with ..

a Crown of [zinc or tablet co-
loured Flowers, which in others
are teln'ti/b and rough. _ ‘

Varionr Kinds: ] Mr. Carpen-
ter fays, there are feveral Sorts
of Seabiom, but we in our Gar-
dens commonly cultivate but
two of them, which are the
Spani/IJ Scabiour, and the fweet
Indian Seaoiom.

They are called Bi: Annaal
laardy Planer, becaufe they fel-
dom flower till the fecond Year
after fowing, and then die.

Mr. Mortimer fays, the com-
mon Sort grows wild ; but
there are feveral Sorts planted in
Gardens, the Indian Seabiom,
the red Stanton; ot' Aa/Zria, and
the tubiteflowered Scabiom, flow-
ering about July, and the Indian
Scabiom in September.

[ray of inereafing.] The Seeds
are to be fown in the Spring
upon Beds called Seminariey,
and are robe tranfplanted out eia
thcr in Aagafl, or the Spring
following into Beds or Bor-
ders.

To garner the Seeds: 1 In or:

der to get good Seed from them,
he fays, the Seeds mnfi be ga-

\,

thered from the firf‘t Flowers; .

and therefore he dircéts, to re-
move the young plants thc Be-
ginning of 3am, to prevent them

from

/

‘ ,—-MA-¢~M~ “mm“; In?”

A}. <¢-m~zg
. - _ "‘1

a.

SC

from running. into Flower the
the firll Year, and this will caufe
[them to produce Flowers foon—
'3‘ er the next; and fo the Seeds
' will have Time to ripen. Thefe
Seeds are to be fown in Marc/a,
in dry VVeather,and watered, and
if the Winter be not too fevere,
they will live over it.

Sal] Monf. Liger fiiys, it
loves a light Soil and a cool
Place.

Sowing. ] The Seed, he fays,
mull be fown thin, either in o-
pen Grounds, or hot Beds in
Septeméer, and the Beds mull be
covered with a little Mould,
and covered with Straw to pre-
ferve them from Cold, but mull
be uncovered in good Weather.
When the Plants begin to rife,
they mull be watered, and weed-
ed, and in [Hart/a are to be tranf-
planted, and watered immediate-
ly. The Scaéiofa [Wontzma Lari-
folia, or Mountain Scabiom with
larger Leaves, may be fown in
[Hart/.1, either in open Ground
or in Beds or Pots.

Culture] But 56555021: be-
ing a lafiing Plant, which at
the firlt planting runs mightily
into Roots ; the moft expediti-
ous Way of propagating it is by
Suckers, and as for the Culture
it is ordered the fame Way as
the Poets [{yacint/J, which fee.

18. SCORZONERA, or SPANISH
SALSIFY.

T HIS Plant loves a light

Soil, and is raifed from

eeds [own in [Wart/7. See Spa»
fiffl] Salflfi’.

 

S E
19. SCRUPOSE.

SC R UP 0 S E fignifies full
of Gravel Stones.

20. SCRUPOSITY.

SCRUPOSITT; Stony-~
nefs.

21. SCURVY-GRASS.

GARDEN Scurvy-ij}, but

efpecially Sea Scurvy-Grafr,
is of a hot biting Nature, and
like to Naflurtium and a few
of the tender Leaves may be put
into Sallets. It is railed of
Seed.

22. SCUTCHEON.

Scutclzem is a Bud to bc
grafted.

A

23. SEA THRIFT,

HIS' is a vivacious Plant,
is multiplied by partng the
Tufts of Roots, it Will grow
in any Sort of Earth. See Sea .
Gilliflo-wer.

24. SEDUM.

OF Sedum or Houfleek; there
are great Varieties which,
M r. Bradley fays, come from the
Cape of Good Hope, Which are
very beautiful, and are propagat-
ed with eal‘e, after the fame Man-
ner as the Fiwider, or Eg-flla-
7yga/d5 are.
But the Tree Kind, called
Sedam A’rlzorefcem, which is the
largctt

S E

largefi of them, and one of the
moit beautiful Plants belonging
toa Green-boufi’; efpecially that
' Species of it, which has its Leaves
variegated with green and yellow,
and very often the Leaves tipt
with parple deferves to be [cul—
tivatcd.

He firys it loves a fandy Soil,
and may be propagated with
cafe by Branches of it being fet
in the Ground in any of the
Summer Months.

They ought to have as much
”Air and Shade, as is pofliblc,
allowed them in the Summer
time, but very little Water,
and in the Winter no Water at
3.”?

It is a common Error .to
draw them under Glafies, or ex-
pofe them to the Sun in the
Summer time; the former direct—
ed Management of them makes
them more beautiful in their
Leaves.

And indeed every Plant that
feeds upon the Air, as this Sea’um
chiefly does, ought to be treated
in the f-une Manner, if you
would have them keep their belt
Colour.

If the feveral Sorts of Sada-rm
being taken in Branches, or Slips
behung up in a Room where-the
Air has a free Paliiige , thefe
Branches or Slips will rennin
firm and green for fever-11 Years ;
and beiides, when the Air is
tending to l‘srioifiure, thefe Bran-
ches, or Siips, will put forth
Roots, which fometimes {hoot
to a very great Thicknefs ; but

 

at the approach of dry \Veather,
or if they are hindred from ha-g
ving the free Air, they thrinlii

    
  
 

SE

and dry up: An Inflance of this;
may be feen in that Piece of
Sedum Aréorefcem, that is hung. 4 6
up at Mr. Fairc/aild’s at Ii’oxton. i

25. SEEDS.

DR. Agricola tells us, That‘;
there is inelos’d in Seed; :1"
little Germ or Bad, that com-‘
pofes the Prime and molt noble
P'll‘t of the whole ; and which,
according as fOX‘XC curious .Per-
ions have calculated , hardly
makes the Thoufandth Part of
the Seed; but in this finali.
Part, the Image and Reprefenta-
tion of the whole Tree is per-
fectly delineated and exprefs’d;
and this principal Part being any
way hurt, fpoil’d or loi‘t, the
Seed (however otherwife large
or perfect) will come to nothing,
but Will rot in the Earth. ' .
He adds, That the Semis of . '
Fruits, When feparated from: 1
them, tho’ not kept in the Earth, a
will live frefh and healthy a great 9
many Years, by Means of its ill". :'
triniick Spirit ; but when it,
grows very old, it is unfit for,
Vegetation.

But notwithflanding what
fome Gardeners fay, That {ome-
Secdx are the better for being
two or three Years old; yet he:
is of Opinion, That Seed of a”
Year old is belt : For then the?
Spirit is frefh and lively; the
Juices, which are the Principle
of Nutrition and Growrh, are
flill fufeeptible of Marion in the
Places of their Reiidencc, and
the whole Structure is in a good
Difpoiition. ’

.1 iu‘

._....'_a

{Jammy

 

 

But

t
SE

But that the vegetative Prin-
3 ciple will remain longer in one
?. Seed than another; and in the
wt bag and round Seed longer than
Hit the flat and [mail Seed; for
i that in the large and rozmd Seed,
3 as well as in the 01:41, the yuice:
) circulate more freely by an in-
: terior Morion , and have a
g greater Circuit. And becaufe
t the Sluice: are in them in greater
:2 abundance than in the [ma-ll and
1 flat Seed, they can neither evapo-
1 rate or dry f0 foon.
But thole Seed: that are very
1 old, the 3mm are confum’d and
) dry’d, and the Organs are other-
“ wife modified ; and fo the mov-
ing vegetative Principle can aét
i no longer.
h’lonf. Qaintiney fays, That
: molt Seed: grow naught after
. one or two Years at molt. That
: there are hardly any but Beam,
Peru, the Seed: of Chm/:3 Cumm-
ber: and [Hui-Melom, that Will
lall eight or ten Years. The
Seed: of Col/i-flower: Will lafi
three or four Years : And thofe
Of all Sorts of Endive and Sue—
[our'y five or fix.

No Seed: will hold good ['0
{mall a Time as Lettuce—feed;
yet they are better the fecond
Year than they are the firll : But
are good for nothing the Third.

To know the Nature ofthe
Seeds of Trees ; Mr. Cook fays,
he always obferv’d the Shape,
Tafie, Skin or Shell, that his
Kean, Kernelr, IVutr, Stone: or
Seed: had : And if he found by
their Shape that they were very
porous, and by feeling that they
were fpongy, and that their Taile

was either very little or veryl

 

s ,E

mild, he then refolv’d upon
fowing them as foon as they
were ripe, or as foon as he
had procur’d them, and expeéted
but little Succefs if he kept them
afterward. He direéts, as a Spe~
cimen of this, to obferve the
Elm, the Poplar, the Sallow, the
Angelica, Pnfpere or Garden-
Semzplvire, Scorzonem, 69%.

He adds, as for thofe Seed: that
are of a mild Tafte, and the Skin
or Shell clofe, if they are tem-
perately dry’d, they may be kept
’till the Approach of the Spring,
and longer ; as drawn, Cbefmttr,
65%. but a fare Seafon to fow
them, is in the Spriag, after they
are gathered ; therefore he advi—
fes to defer it no longer.

As for thofe Seed: that are of
a hot or bitter Tafie, or have
clofe Skins or Shells, if there be
Oceafion, they may be kept ’till
the next Autamn after they are
gathered, if they be gathered
when they are full ripe, and kept
dry ; if the flelhy Part be taken
off clean, when that is ripe.
And tho’ fome have faid, if they
were fown with their F leih on,
they will do well, ( as C/yerrz'e:
or Peaebe: ) that he fays is a
Millake, as he has found by Ex-
perience, in fowing the Kernels
of rotten Pear: and App/er;
which, tho’ they had been rorten
but a little Time, would not
grow.

There are many Key, Seed:
and SZOWLU, which are of a hot
and bitter Tafie; as, A/be:, A1-
mwdr, 1Wczereofl, Mtg/fared -_/eed,
Peat/585, Effie. which altho’ they
may be kept long, he advifes,
no: to neglcét the Seafon ; for

many

S E

many of thefe and other Seed:
will lie in the Ground near two
Years before they come up. If
they are fown in 0620a”, ‘they
will not come up before the
Spring come Twelve-Mantle: ; and
if they be fown early in the
Spring, they will come up the
next Spring. '

Another Way to know the
Seed of this Nature, he fays, is
by their hanging long on the
Trees; becaufe Nature there
finding it felf flrong does not
feel: out to early to preferve its
Kind : The 14/11, the Holly, 65%.
hang 011‘ the Tree a long'Time,
and alfo lie along Time in the
Ground; the Elm, the Sal/ow,
and the Sycamore fall early, and
come up quickly.

As to the Setting of Seedr, he
adds, he has been inflruéted by
Nature how to fet them ; as an
Atom for the molt part falls to
the Ground with its l'mall End
downwards : And if Acorm fall
uponMould or Mofs, it is ob—
fervable, that mofi of them lie
on one Side with their ~fmall
Ends tending mof’r to the Earth ;
and he fuppofes this to be the
befi’Pofiure to fet any Stom’ or
Nut: For it is obfervable that
the Seed of all Trees growing in
England puts forth its Root firii
at the fmall End; and when that
Root has taken Hold on the
Ground, it puts forth the Shoot
for the Tree, at the very fame
Place from whence the Root
came. '

So that, fince both Roar and
Shoot put forth both of them at
the finall End, if the finall End
be fet doivnwards, the Body of

 

SSE

the Stone or Seed may hinder the .
Shoot; he belt approves of lay- "- ’
ing them in the Ground on their 5

Sides; if they are fuch Seed! as

are heavy, they inay be fown the '

deeper; as, Atoms, Apricockv,
C/Jefmtz'r, Pear/yer, IJ/alnzltr, 69%.
at the Depth of about two or
three Inches.

Ifthe Sued be light, it fhonld
be cover’d with but a little

Mould, about half an Inch deep,

as the Elm, 63%.
He therefore advifes, to lay
the timed Side of the Seed

downwards; as, fuppofe it be .

the Stone of a Peach, to fet it
{'0 as it will lie on a Table, and
then it will lie with the Crack
Where the Shell parts uppermoft,
and the other Crack lowermoit,
to let out the Water ; for it is

his Opinion, that thofe Kernels .

that are in Stones or Shells do
not love too much Water at
firft.

As to all Sorts of Key: and
Seedr, he advifes, to let them be
full ripe ; that they be preferv’d
when they begin to fall much,
which is a fure Sign of the Ripe-
nets of any Fruit or Seed, un~
1er it be by Accident. The
Seed: preferv’d ihould be thofe
of a limit, thriving Tree; be—
caufe the Key: or Seezz’r will
then be the larger and more fo—
lid, and confequently be more
able and likely to {hoot the
i‘tronger, and to maintain them-
felves better.

The Sccdr gathered from old
Plants or Trees, or old Seeds,
if they be perfeét, will come
up fomething fooner than the
A‘cedr of young Trees. Ti

1:

«firm W,“

 

4. m;-~’4-'L....‘>«:xi-u¢c ’ <.. .k. ‘ u ” » A .

r. “and. ’

SE

The Reafon why he advifes
l to gather them from a [trait and
r thriving Tree, is, becaufe they
' will be the more likely to run
* up, and grow {traiter than thofe
; that are gathered from Pollards.
He adds, Beam and Peafe put
' forth their Root at the Side, and
then the fame Sort of Leaf at
the Place where the Root came
out, that grows on the Stalks :
So does flImondI , Apricocb ,
Pear/Jet, Plums, 6996. And the
'only Diflercnce is, that Beam
and Fear put forth at the Sides,
and the others always at the finall
Ends.

There are alfo feveral Sorts
of Trees, and molt Sorts of
Plants that are final], that, put
forth the Root at the finall End;
as, the Apple, Afl), Elm, [flap/e,
Pear, Qitfifice, Sycamore : And
molt Sorts of Seeds of Trees,
which are not inclofed in Stones
or Shells of Seeds, as, Angelica,
Cazrdilizt, Carr/MI, file/0m, Parf-
m‘pr, and indeed molt Sorts of
Seeds : Thel'e Sorts, as foon as
that Root bet‘orc-mention’d has
laid hold of the Ground, they
put out two fall‘e Leaves, which
are nothing like thofe that grow
on the Tree or Plant ; and thefe
two falfe Leaves are the Sced,
which divides into two Parts,
and remain f0 forne finall Time
on the Top of the Ground; and
then a Shoot comes forth be-
tween thefe two falfe Leaves,
which produces Leaves that are
like [hole of the Tree or Plant
from whence it proceeded.

IVIr. Alarzimer, treating of
Seedr, advil‘es, to chufe thole

that are full ripe, weighty and l

 

S E
found, and that fhake down
eafilyfrom the Boughs; That
they fliould be taken from the
Tops of the mall thriving and
youngefi Trees, when they are
ready to fall; which for the
molt Part direéts the belt Time
for fowing them, and that is a--
bout Nommber, ( for molt Sort:
of Seeds. ) But if the Land be
very cold and moifl, it may be
better to fow them in the Spring;

As for flcorm, [Via/1‘, and O-
ther Seed: that may very well be
kept ’till the Spring; thefe he
would have barrell’d up in moift
Sand or Earth, during the ”Via;
ter, at the End of which, they
will have fprouted; and if they
are then put into the Ground
with Care, will be as apt to
take, as if they were fown ear-
lier; nor will be in to much
Danger of being devoured by
Vermin, as thofe that are fown
in Wimer ; nor will they be [0
liable to be injured by the env—
crealing Heat, as ,thofe fown in
the Beginning of the Water,
efpecially in fuch Grounds that
are hot and loofe.

He therefore advifes; if you
have Occafion to preferve a
great Quantity of Seed, to chufe
a fit Piece of Ground, and to
raife it three Foot high with
Boards ; then to lay on a Layer
of fine Earth, about a Foo:
thick, then a Layer of Sem’r;
as, A'curm, Keyx, Mag/E, Ahab,
Hawt, €945. either mixr together,
or feparared with a little Mould
fcattered among them ; then to
lay on them a Layer of Earth
or Sand.

0:

SE

,’ Or thefe Seed: may be buried
in dry Sand or Earth pulveriz’d,
either in Barrels, or laid in a
deep Cellar, to keep them from
the Severity of the Water.

If the Seeds be gathered in a
moift Time, they ihould be laid
adrying, and kept fo ’till they
are fown, which, if you pleal‘e,
may be prefently after Cbrg/l-
mafr ; and if they {hould beoin
to fpire out before they are fown,
then Care muft be taken that
they be put into the Ground be-
fore the Sprouts grow dry.-

As for the making Choice of
the belt Seedr, he fays, they may
be known by their Shape and
Weight: And as for the Man-
ner of fetting them, he difers
not from the Direélions given
by Mr. Cook, which you have
above. ‘

‘ As for the medicating or fieep—
ing the Scab, or the forcing or
enriching the Earth by Compol‘t,
{955. this he reckons needlel‘s for
Forei‘r Trees; and as to what
may be neceliary for each parti-
cular Tree, you will find it un-
der each particular Article.

But if the Seeds or Kerizelr
{hould be \‘traordinary dry, you
may lay them twenty four Hours
in Milk or ‘Nater, only impreg-
nated with a little Cow—Dung,
in Order to forward their fprout—
ing.

14: to Exotick 5666151171.”! p/rrzrelrj
Belides what you will find un-
der other Articles, I {hall add
two or three Particulars, that lVIr.
Brad/e}! prel‘ents us with, proper
to be'ob‘r‘erv’d That helides
what he had before advis’d, as to
its being the bell \Vay to gather

SE

What [Cl-Al's or Order the Plants

were taken.

he thinks it would be prOper to
have fome of thofe Seedr {own
in thofe Boxes of Earth, efpeei-

Kind ; becaufe they Will be for-
warded as to their Growrh, in
the Time they are coming over.

But if there cannot be this
Convenieney, he approves of a
Method communicated to him
by a curious Gentleman: That
when the Sccdr have been gathers-
ed and well dried, as the
\Varmth of the Air of the Place
Will do it, or a warm Pocket
Will do it in three or four Days;
that then they be put into, a
Glals — Bottle,
glaz’d Velfel, which is clofe
llopp’d Wih a Stopple or‘ the
fame Sort, which will be better
than 21 Cork, becaufe Cork is
apt to rot by Change of Air:
This Str pple mnlt be well ee-
mented *‘ith Pitch, or Bees—wax
and Roiin: Then this Vell‘el is
to be plae’d in a larger Jar 0r
Vefi'el of glaz’d' Earthen—ware ;
and the jar fill’d in all the Va-
cancies with common Salt, the
Stopple and all being cover’d
over with the Salt.

The Sam’s being thus fceur’d,
:canhor pofiibly be injur’d by
ltheir Parlage tin-ouch diticrent

Cli~

 

And if there be any Plants ‘
brought over in Boxes of Earth, '

ally fuch Seed: as are of the Tree -‘

   

the Seed: in their swell: or Cafe},
and fo to have them brought to ’ ‘
England; becaufe the Cafe: will 9 f

'be of Ufe to preferve the Seed:
during the Voyage; they will g:
alfo be of Ufe in informing us _' .

are of, from which thol‘e Seed: i

“A

-'m‘-b9n.

 

 

 

or fome other

 

'V
'o
a

-lCClimates; for it has not yet been
ttiidifcovered, that any Infeét can
'Vélive in a Body of common Salt ;
minor that Where Salt is the Medi-
“E501“ jufily regulated between the
'tlAir and the Body, that; fuch Bo-
ygldy can putrify, f0 as to be ren-
zsgkier’d a proper Nidm for any
rflnfeé‘t to lay its Eggs in.

And belides, the Salt Will
:o:corre& the extraordinary Heat of
: i‘IthC warmer Climates ; and being
"dthus difpos’d between the hot
::!Air and the Seeds, by Reafon
«of its Fixation and Coldnefs,
dthere is fcarce Reafon to fuppofe
.ilthat the exceffive Heat of the
")AhOttCfi Climates will be able to
acpenetrate through it, f0 as to
ezcaufc any confiderable Decay in
tithe Seeds.

And befides, as the Salt is
iifirft fix’d by extraordinary Heat,

it is not to be fuppos’d, that it
mean {after any great Change or
lAlteration while it is pafling
:lthrough the hot and dry Cli-
lezltCS; nor that the Seeds which
xzare flielter’d under it can be
much alter’d. And as to our
ClClimate, i-: is but rarely dii‘pos’d
Otto melt Salt : SO that Seed; thus
itbrought, may be accounted to be
min good Perfection.

26. SEGMENT.

E Gil] E NT - Leaver are
' Leaves ot‘ Plants cut and di-
..':‘vided into many Shreds.
-: 27. SELLERY. See CELERY.
28. SEMENll—‘ERQUS.
2 EMENIFEROUS is

bearingor producing Seed.

his;

 

S E
:9. SEMIFISTULAR.

SE MIFISTUL (QR-Homer:

are fuch, whofe upper Part
refembles a Pipe cut ofl‘ oblique-
ly, as in Aré/lolacbia or Birtbc

wort/2.
go. SEMINAL.

SEAIINAL-Leave: are two
plain, foft, and undivided
Leaves, that firfi {hoot forth
from the greate'fi Part of all
fown Seeds; Which Leaves are
very different from tliole of the
fucceediug Plant, in Size, Fi-i
gure, Surface and Polition.

3t. SEMINARY.

E MIN.4R T is a Seed-
Plot or Nurfery, for railing
of young Trees or Plants.

Seminary and Arznrfivy fir Forty}-

7665‘.

The Advantage in makinga
a Seminary for I‘brefl-Trees, Mr.
fliorzimer fays, will be found in
the being flipplied to fill up
Hedge Rows, and Other wafte
and uncultivated Places Will 1113]-
ciently convince of the Ulbful-
nets of it.

Therefore he advifes to chufe
a fit Piece of Ground that is
well fenc’d, having a Sam/9117.43
0r Scarf: Ai‘peft, and that is well
meltered from the North and
fif’efl.

This is to be Well cleared
of all Trtzmpery, and if it be
lgrgc it may be plowed up tirefh,

/ 111

SE

'in order to make it dig the ea-
fier, but if it be not large it may
be dug up with the Spade ; but
if. it be ploughed, it is to be dug
afterwards two Spits deep, Where
the Soil is deep enough to al-
low it; and the Surface of the
Earth, or upper Part, laid under-
mofi, and the under Spit laid up-
permoft. This, tho’ troublefome,
will afterwards make amends
in the Growth of the Trees.
They having every where loofe
Earth to take Root in, and al-
fo the belt Soil under them.

This is the only Way he
Would have taken to advance the
Growth of Trees, and not to
mend and improve the Land by
Dung, 69%. as is done by ma—
ny Gardeners for their own Pro-
fit, but not for the Advantage
of the Buyer; becaufe it Will
be diflicult to make fueh Trees
grow, if they are to be remov—
ed to a worfe Soil.

He adds, that it will alfo do
well if the Nurfery be dug up
the Viinter before it is fown or
planted, f0 as to be mellowed
and made fine by a Winter and
Summer fallowing.

He direéts to make fome fin-all
Beds about three Foot wide, at
one End or Side of the Nur—
fkry, and ‘to leave a fmall Part
between them for the Seminary,
and to make fome fmall Tren—
ches at about a Foot Diliance,
Crols the Beds, and to throw the
Seeds into them, but not too
thick, and to cover them with a
Rake ; but 041‘s, C/aefmztr, [1741-
mzrr, {5%. had better be fet as
Beam are, and at the Dillance
of a Foet.

 

SE

The Time Of the Spring fow- ;

ing may be in Feémary, and the "
autumnal fowing at the latter
End of Oc‘lober.

If the Nmfcry happens to be _
a gravelly, (tony, Soil, it Will
be convenient to pick out the
Stones, as it is digging, becaufe
the Roots of Trees are often
fretted and gall’d by the Stones
that lie near them, and to often
canker.

If the Nurfery be a fliallow
Soil, and apt to burn in Sum-
mer, it may do well to mix
Clay or Brick Earth with it,
or Marle to deepen the Soil.

Thofe Plants that are gather-
cd or drawn out of the VVoods
fliould be planted immediately,
becaufe their Roots are very apt
to mortify, and grow hard and
withered by the cold Air and
Wind, becaufe they come from
a warm Situation.

When the' Plants begin to
peep out of the Ground, they
fhould be earthed up, efpecially
after great Frolis ; for then the
Earth is apt to fwell and fpcw
them out. And where you fee
they are too thick, when they
are about an Inch above Ground,
you may draw them. up, in a
moil‘t Seafon, and plant them
in Places where they are want-
ed.

When thefe Seedlings have
flood while ffzme, you may give
them a \Veeding or a flight
Houghing, and fcatter among
them a little mungy Straw, rot-
ten Balm, Fem, 65%. to keep-
their Roots from fcorching, and
to receive the Moiliure that

falls.
The

ii

I

S‘E .

The next Marc/b you fhould
chop it in Pieces, (for by that
Time it will be rotten) and
mix it with the Earth ’; this you
Ihould do every Year for two
or three Years; for the Sub—
fiance of the Kernel will hardly
be fpent in the Plant by that
Time.

When they have flood about
three Years you may tranfplant
them into the Nurfiry, and after
that Time, the fooner, the bet~
ter they will grow.

Plant them in Rows at about
a Yard dillance one from ano-
ther; and the Rows being two
Foot diltant one from the other,
or elfe when they are taken up
there will be Danger of cutting
the Roots. Here they may (turd
till they are big enough to be
planted out Where you would
have them grow.

Some, when they fifll tranf-
plant the Trees out of the Semi-
nary, cut them otl‘ about an Inch
from the Ground, and plant
them after the Manner of
Quick: But this Method he
does not approve of, as to any
Trees that are defigned for Tim-
ber, or have a large Pith, becaufe
it fpoils the Root End of the
firlt, and lets the Water into the
latter, the former is required in
the But End being the princi—
pal Part of the Tree, it divides
the Pith, and confequently the
Grain of the “food too, to
prevent it from running clear, if
it be to be cleft into Laths,
Pales, fis’c. therefore he only
prunes up the Side Boughs.

V o L. II.

SE

A Seminary and Nurfery for ‘
Fruit-Trev.

Mr. Mortimer direé'ls, that
thefe be ordered mueh after the
fame Manner with the former.

I. To cleanfe the Ground
from Weeds, Roots, 65%. a-
bout Oéi‘ob'er ; and adds this Re-
mark, that wet or {lifl‘ Clay,
or Land that is rich with Dung,
is not proper for this Semina-
ry, 65:.

2. The Mould is to be made
very fine, and if Crab-flock: ea
nough can be procured from
gth? Woods, the Narfery may
be planted With them; but if
not, you muf’t furnilh the Semi-
;mry with thofe which are e-
fteemed as the belt. ,

The Way to furnilh the Se-
minary is to preferve the Stones
of fuch Fruit as are early ripe till
Oc‘Zoéer, by laying them in Sand;
and then, it" Beds be made for
them, by a Line laid ctofs the
'Beds, to prick Holes at five or
fix Inches diftance one frOm the
other, and to fer the Stones a—
bout three Inches deep, and the
Lines are to be laid at twelve
Inches diltance‘ one from the
other.

But if they are not fet on
Beds, the Rows thould be two
Foot diflant one from the other,
that there may be Space to go
between them to weed them.

This Method is proper for al
Kinds of Nuas, 69%.

But as fer Stocks to be rais’d
from the Seeds of Kernels of

APP/6’5, Crab: or Pearr, fome are
U for

 

SE

for taking the Mui’t after Cyde‘r,
Perry or Verjuire has been made,
i. e. the Juice prefl'ed out, and
either the fame Day, or the next,
before the Mull heats, to lift the
Seeds out with a Sieve, and to
fow them as foon as pofiible, ve«
ry thick, on Beds of fine Earth,
becaufe fame of them being
bruifcd in the Grinding or
Pownding, and fome not being
ripe, a great many of them will
not come up at all, Being fown
they fift on them Mould that is
fine about two fingers thick, and
lay 'wbz'te Thorns or Furz on
them, while the Ground is fet-
tled, to prevent them from be-
ing devoured by the Birds. In
the Winter they lay Fern or
Straw on them, but take it a~
way in the Spring, before the
Seeds begin to (hoot, which is
ufually in May; they weed them
well; and ifthe Summer be dry,
water them. As for WhatStocks
are proper for grafting particular
Fruit. See the Article 0r—
c/mm', {576.

33. S-EMINATE.

O fcmirmte fignifies to few
Seeds. '

34. SENNAI.

Defcriptiwz. ]
F this Plant there are feve—
ral Sorts, but only two of
them are commonly known and?

cultivated in Gardens, t’iz- the‘

ism-pm Semm, and the Bladder
Semi/I, both which yield a plea—
.fant Leaf and Flower. Mr.
Brad/Ly recommends the Scorpion

SE

Senna as the moft beautifulland
deferving to be cultivated, in
that the Bloii‘oms fhew them-
felves as well "in Autumn as the
Spring Seafon.

Soil. ] They delight in a 10:1-
my Earth and the _Shade.

Way of Propagation] They
may be propagated either by Seed:
[own the latter End of Marc/J,
or by Layers, laying down the
tender Sprigs in the Earth in A-
pril or May, which will foon
firike Root.

Cultura] They grow but flen-
der, and f0 need the Support of
a Wall or Pales ; but being ton-
tile, they ,may be reduced into
any Form; they make pretty
Shrubs for Wildernefs Work.

35. Sensmre, or SENSITIVE
PLANTS

H I 8 Plant is (‘0 called be-
caui‘e as foon as you touch
it, the Leaf fhrinks up together,
and in a finall Time opens it
felf again. This Plant is rais’d-
in a hot Bed, and preferved with
great Care, being one of the
moil tender Exotick: we have.
Mr. Bradley informs us, that
in the Beginning of Augu/Z 1723
he faw the fenfiti‘ve Plant: about
fevcn Foot high in Bloflbm ;
and the humble Plants were then
preparing to put forth their Flow-
ers. That thefe were propagated
by Mr. Miller, in his new Frame
in the Phyiick Garden at Cbclfea,
only by the ufe of the Tammi":
Bark"; Whereas he never knew
the greatcil Artii‘t raii'e thorium/i-
~tizre Plaza: in hot Beds m..de of

 

H0111“

SE

Horfe-Dung, to above two Foor
high, in one Summer.

36. SENSITIVE.

SE NSITIVE Plant: are
- fuch as contraét their LeaVes
or Flowers when touch’d, as if
they were really fenlible of the
Touch; but as foon as the Hand
is removed fpread themfelves o-
pen, and floutilh again.

37. SEPTEMBER.

”31% to be done in tbe Kitchen,
Garden and Orr/34rd.

H I S is the Seafon for the

Gardener to furnifh his Ki:-
tben Garden With every Thing
that Will be neceflary for Winter
ufe.

The Showers, which are ufu~
al at this Time, prepare the
Ground for receiving many
Plants and Seeds.

And by Reafon of the great
Heats declining, many things
may be now replanted, which
could not hwe been removed
without Danger in the Months
foregoing.

The Beginning of the Month
is a proper Time to giveTuraipr
their firlt houghing.

Such Fruits as are ripe on
the Trees fhould be gathered in
a dry Seafon ; and fuch as are
full grown, and fit to be laid
up for ufe in Uc’loéer and No-
weméer.

Thofe Apple; and Perm as are
fit to be gathered vill eafily
leave the Tree; therefore if they

do not eafily quit the Tree they

 

SE
lhould not be violently pulled
off, if they are, they will be apt
to thrivel and have an infipid
Tafle.

Lafling Winter Fruit is not
to be gathered till Mic/aaelmafr;
and now is the Time for mak-
ing Cyder and Perry of thofe
Fruits that are not lafiing.

Gather fuch of your fmall
Seeds that are ripe. If Leek
Seeds are black, cut the Heads
otffrom the Stems, and fpread
them on a Cloth every Day in
the Sun, till they are fit to be
thraih’d out.

Gather the Pods of Garden
Beam and Kidney Beam, and
choice Pear, and put them in the
Sun to dry, and being dry’d lay
them by in the Pod: to prev:
ferve the Seeds till you fow
them.

Cut open full ripe Cucuméerr,
take out the- Seeds and Pulp,
and after they have lain together
two or three Days, walh them
clean. You may lay the Seed
in Water for a Day and a Night,
and then lay them in the Sun
to dry for about ten Days, let
them be throughly dry, or elfe
they Will rot: When they are
dry lay them up.

80W C abéager, C ollz'flowerr, 0-
m’om and Tumipr; plant our
fuch Cabbage: as were fown in
flzgzt/i; make Plantations of
Cabbage; and Coleworlx; and
thin Turm‘pr where they grow
too thick.

Cover thofe Camembert that
were fo'Wn in 721]}! every Night.
Make Beds for Mu/braomr.

Sow Spam/h Radf/Ise: for W'in-
re: ufe.

U 2'. Re.

\

. ‘ S E
Replant Endive and all Fi—
brous rooted Herb-s, which have
not been done before.
Earth up Sellery; and raife
Banks of Earth about thofe
gbardom that are for Blanch-

m .

g".l‘ranfplant Afparagm Roots,
Artichoke: and Strawberries out
of the Woods.

Plant the Dutch Brown Let-
me to {land the Winter.

SOW Sorrel and C/aervil, and
Spinage to be cut in February.

Releafe inoculated Buds; if
not done before, efpecially if
they pinch.

Tranfplant young Collyflower
Plants into thofe Places, where
you Would have them flower,
and into fome Nurferies which
are under fome warm Wall or
Place of Shelter. '

.Thofe which are at this Time
planted out for good, will blof—
‘fom above a Fortnight fooner
than thoi‘e that fhall be planted
in the Spring; and if they be
well defended from the Frofis
with Glafs Bells, the Flowers
will be much larger.

If it be fhowery the lafi
Week in this lVlonth, Fruit—
Trces may be very finely plant-
ed, altho’ their Leaves have not
yet fallen; fueh as Clverrier,
Neflarimr, Peaches, and other
Stone Fruit : But it may be bet—
ter to ICC App/es, Pears, E996.
alone till the Middle of 0620—
éer.

Gather Sqffi‘ou, and prepare
Compolt to trench up your
Earth and Borders.

Sow fmall Herbs for Sellers
in fume Place that is well ex—

 

SE

pofed; take care to provide
fome Mixtures for this Seafon-
that are of a hotter Talle than
thofe that were raifed in the
former Months.

Earth up Winter Plants and
sallad Herbs.

Make an End‘of gathering
and drying Hopr, cleanfe the
Poles of Haulm, and lay them
up for the next Year.

Sow Seeds of Na/lurtz'um In-
dicztm in Pots, in order to [land
the Winter; ihelter them in a
Gram-Houfe and they Will do
well.

Take Bees, {traiten the Eu-
trance into the Hive; defiroy
Wafps, 65%. and you may re-
move Bees.

Produélr of tbe Kite/9e» Gar-
don, €975.

Artie/Baker which were plant-
ed in the Spring alfo, very good
Flowers and Suckers.

Cabbage Lettuce: of fCVCral
Sorts in full Perfeétion.

Young Grzm’w Beam, Tome
Kidney Beam, and Katmai-ml
Pear.

szfljroomr, [He/om and Cu-
members.

Emmi, C/zcrviI, Crtjfl'c’x, Eu-
dime, young Onions, Rafi/her,
Col/cry and Tarragon for Sallet«
mg. I

Gar/[ch I1'or:/E~Raddi,.7, 0ni~
om", Romméo/t'r, S/yazlarr, Been,
red and 'wz’ziie, Crzrroz‘r, Storzm
Ker-2'1, Si‘irrciy, Tzzmipx, Cabbage:
and Sprouts or" Cuttings: in plen-
ty, and Sizt'ayr.

Fruit:

S E
Fruit: in prime ondyet Iafiing.

Apple:; the red Greening,
Harvey violet. flpple, Lording
ripple, Pear flpple, the Ml-
linnz, Pearmain, Quince llpple,
the red ribbed bloody Pippin,
fife.
Penn; the Amndel—pear, the
the Balfoins-penr, Hampelem Ber-
gamot, the Orange Bergamot, the
Bee}! d’ Hery, Bing’J-pear, the
Blnfler—pear, the Summer Bon
C brétien, N or-wielo, the B rnnfwick-
pear, the Emperor’s-pear , the
Frit/a-pear. the Green—field—peor,
the LewiI-pear, the Meflire yean,
the Poppering-pear, the Qneen
Hedge, the Rowling-pear, the
black ”force/lei“, 53:6.

Groper; the Blue, the great
Blue, the Frontiniae/e, the Mn-
feadine, the Par/1y and the Ver-
jzzice Grape.

Ran’rerrier, Hg: and Plums.

”791* to oe done in tbe Flower
Garden and Green-Honk.

You may plant fome Sorts of
Anemones for early Flowers; but
let the Earth be a Light natural
Soil well fitted ; but if you [lay
till the next Month, they will
be more certain of growing.

It is the belt Time to fow the
Seeds of Aurienla’w, but fer the
Cafes in the Sun till flpril.

Thole Flowers that rife to a
coufiderablc Height, fhould be
flaked down to fecure them
from being injured by the lVinds.

Flant Daffodil; and Cole/oienrn! ;
ran-[plant CzliflOi’fllle, Copi/loria,

C73olc‘eio‘4, (Jr/.1mcn, Ilepaliw,

 

S E
Irir, Matrimria, Primrofu and
Violet:, 65ft. .

If Carnation Layers have not
been taken off in Ange/2, it
lhould not be deferred any lon-
get, and plant them in the Places
where they are to blofl‘om.

Sow Alaternm, annual Stock,
Cancly-Tuf’tt, Crown Im erial,
Delp/oinium, Laekjpnrt, arm-
gom, Nigella, Phillyrea, Prim-
ro/EI, Poppies, Venn: Looking-
Glafi, and fuch Annual; as are
not prejudiced by Frofls.

Remove feedling Digitally,
plant‘Slips of Lyclmir, fet Tube-
rofe: into the Conferoatary, and
keep them dry. Some fay the
belt Way is to take them out of
the Pots, and to preferve them
dry in Sand, or Wrapt up in Pa~
pers, and to keep them in a Box
near theChimncy.

You may ’flill continue to
tranfplant all fibrous rooted
Flowers, Which have done blow-
ing; and cut down the Flower
Stems of fuch as have done
growing, Within three Inches of
the Ground.

About the End of this Month
put fome Tulip: into the Ground,
efpecially thofe that are Breeders,
but let not the Ground you put
them/ into be rich; for that
which caufes the Varicgations
in Plants is want of Noutilh-
ment.

Therefore Mr. Bradley advil‘es
to fet all breeding Tulip} in half
natural Soil, and the other half
the Rubbifh of old Buildings, or
elf: to fet them about pyramid
Yews, which'have flood long
enough to make the Earth poor.

U3

Sow

S E

Sow Stock-Gilliflovwerr, that if
the Winter lhould defiroy the
old Stocks you may have a Sup:
ply in the Spring.

You may continue to few the
Seeds of bulbous rooted Plants,
as, flnemoncr, Crocur’r, Fritil-
larier, bulbous Irir, Martagonr,
Ranunculu: and Tulips, in Pots
or Cafes of frefh natural Earth,
Well fitted about the Middle of
this Month. Remove your Fi-
eoider, Geraniumr, Orange—Tree:
and seam into the Houfe and
others of the like tender Na-
ture.

Mr. Mortimer advifes when
the weather is fair and the Plants
dry, to remove into the Con-
fervatory, the flloer, flmomum
Plinii, Dates, Indian and Spa—
ni/IJ yeflamine, Lemony, Olean—
der, Orange: and Trieooor, and to
take aWay fome of the Top ex—
haufled Earth, and iiir up the
tefi; fill up the Pots or Cafes
with rich, well prepared Earth,
that the Roots may have Nou-
rifhment in the Winter Time.

Let the Windows of the
,GreennHoufe be open Day and
Night, if the Winds be not too
{harp and high, nor the Weather
too foggy, do not fet the Plants
. in order in the Green-looufe till
Oéiaéer, that you bring in the
Myrtler, and -fuch more hardy
Plants.

' When the cold comes in fet
fuch Plants as will not bear
the Ho’ul‘e, into the Earth, in :1
warni‘Placc, two or three Inches
lower 'than the Surface of the
Earth, 'elothe them with dry
Mofs, and cover them with

SE

yers and give them Air, when
the Sun fhines kindly, or gen-
tle refrelhing Showers fall ; thus
you may manage Egyptian Aca- '
cia, Anemoner, Flor-Cardinalir,
Ci/lur’r, Geranium Nor‘le Olenr,
Maraoo'c: Marum Syriacum, Ra",
nunoulur, {5%.

Flzo-wer: blowing in #9:: Flower
Garden and Green-Houje.

Aloex, Amarantlour, flmomum
Plinii,/lntirrl1inum, golden/11491“,
Arbutus, Afflzodilr,flflerx,fluricué
la, Female Bal/bms, fearletBeanr,
Campanula, Candy Tufitr, Cap-
ficum, Carnationr, Clematir, Col-
claicumx, Col/area, Convolwulur,
S afron-C rocur, C brfl'ant/oemum,
Cyclamen, Daijier, Eupatorium,
Ficoider, Gentianella, Geranium,
Stock Gilliflo-werr, Hollylooekr, Hy-
acintlyr, 'wloite, common, Spam/b
white, Indian yellow and Brafile
yeflamine, Larlfpurr, Leonorur,
Guernfe I, Lily, Lye/mix, [Hamel
of Peru, flfrican and Frenc/o Ma—
rygoldr, Zilyrtle, Narcifl‘ur, Na]L
turtium, Oleander, Pajfion Flow~
er, Pbalangiura, C laina Pinlr,
Polyant/oos, Pomegranater, Popfi
pier, Mont/31y Rofer, Spider-wort,
Annual Stocks, Sun Flowers, zblaf-
pi, fiemper Virem Tuberofe, [7-1
nu: Looking Glaj}, Veronica.

38. SEPTIFOLIOUS.

SEPTIFOLIOUS Planer
. or Flower: are fuch as confilt
of feven Leaves. ’

39. SERNICE TREE.

H 0’ Nlr. Evelyn fays,

 

Glaifes 3 but take off their eo-

there are four Kinds of
' I ‘ ' " this

SE

”23 this Tree, yet 'Mr. Mortimer
wit fays, thofe we have in England
.~, difl‘er little one from the other,
1; except that fome of them bear
.: a much larger Berry than the
i others. -

”lay of Propagation and Soil.]
They may be rail‘ed either by
Berries or Layers, and delight
in rich Clay, or hazel “brick
Earth, Where it is rather moilt
than dry; for tho’ they will
grow almolt in any Ground
'when they are raifed of Seedx,
yet they never beat well in dry
Ground.

”fay of raifing them from
Seed] If you raife them of Seed;
let the Seed: be full ripe, that is
rotten; you may either eat or
rub off the Pulp, and four them
immediately in your Seminary,
or you may keep them in dry
Sand, till after Clari/lmafr, and
then fow them, and when they
are grown fit to be tranfplant-
ed, remove them out of your
Seminary into a Nurfery ; and
from the Nurfery you may tranf—
plant them as you have Occafi-
on: 'It is a Tree that, bears
tranfplanting very well, a, and
therefore they may be tranfplant:
ed of any Bignefs; and if you
head them the Wound will
quickly heal up.

But being a Tree that may
be often met with in the Vt’oods,
you may furnilh your fclfwiih
them from thence, more eafily
than either to raife them from
Seed or by Layers, They may
be alfo grafted-or buddcd upon
their own Kind, and by that
lVleans their Fruit maybe ~very
tnuch improved, '

S E
40. SERENE WEATHER.

SE R ENE WEATHER
is fair Weather without
Rain or Clouds.

4:. SIDE SADDLE FLOWER.
Defiriptionj
T H I S Plant, Mr.Bdeey fitys,
grows in Virginia and Ca-
rolina, and is, (according to the
Defcription he has had of it)
one of the molt furpriling Plants
of thofe Countries, which he dc-
fcribes as follows. It dies every
Year to the .Root, and every
Spring fprouts out afrefh ; bears
a yellow Flower upon a flender
Foot Stalk, with fix Leaves in
Shape fomewhat like thofe of
the Flower dc Luce; upon the
Top of the Stile there grows :1
Sort of Canopy, round on the
Top like the Seat of a Side/addle,
under which is the Seed Veffel,
which is divided into fix Cells;
the Plan follows the F lower, and
grows about 3 Foot high, and
fomewhat in the Shape of a
Trumpet ; upon the Top of this
grows 3 Leaf like the Lid of a
Can, which When it firfi comes
up is very grew, but afterwards
becomes yellow, and full ofVeins
of purple.
$011.] It grows in watery and
fpungy Places.
Culture] It requires to be
fown in Pots of Earth, refem-

 

bling a Bog, as much as can be,
.and then the Pots mull be far
iin a hot Bed, and as the Earth
'bcgins to grow dry, mull be
continually fupplied with Wa-

U 4- tot

SI

ter. It fhould be houfed'vvith
the Orange Tree.

4.2.81DERAT10N.

SIDERA TION is a

blaiting of Trees or Plants
by an Eaflerly Wind or excef-
five Heat and Drought.

4;. SILIQUA.

SIL IQUfl is the Seed-

VeiTels or Husk, Cod or
’ Shale of fuch Plants as are of
the Pulfe Kind.

‘44. SILIQUOUS.

SIL IQUO US is having
fuch Seed Veii'els, fig’c.

45. SILVER BUSH, fie BAR-
BA Jovrs.

' 46. SIVE, fee CIVES.
47. SKIRRETS.

Soil.]THlS Plant may be mul-
' tiplied twoWays, either
by Seed or Off-fen. They love
arich Soil, inclining to Moiiture,
rather than Drinels.

Kai/fag by Seed] The Seeds
are to be fown in March or Fe-
émary, among other Things, and
that very thin : But about Lon-
don it is the more common Prac-
tice to raife them of Slam, or
Off—fear, as follows.

By Ufilfetj In March, when
the Leaves begin to put forth,
they muii be taken out of the
Ground, and parted into as ma—

 

S I

not letting any of the old
Roots remain to them, but only
the frefh Springing Fibres, then
having made Drils about four or '-
five Inches deep, plant them five ‘
or fix Inches apart; for if you
plant them too thick, or above
one Slip in a Place, they will
itarve one another ; then keep
them well watered till their
Roots are full grown ; and alfo
they being apt to canker, re-
quire freih Earth often : As you
haveOccafion to ufe them, take
them frefh out of the Ground.

Mr. Bradley fays, that a Gar-
diner fent to him for fome Seed:
of this Plant, which he {owed
in a black moory Soil, which had ..
lately been a Plantation of ALM-
gm, and had the largeft, and
fweeteit Skirret: he had ever
feen.

48. SMALLAGE.

I S raifed either by Seed or 31112:,
‘ the Seed is pretty large and
reddi/Iy, and in Figure of a
roundiih Oval, a little more full
and tiling on one Side than the
other, and fireaked from one
End to the other. It is alfo rail‘ed
by Slips. SOme ufe it as a Pot
Herb

49. SNAKE WEED, fee Barony.

5o. SNAP DRAGON, ANIIR—
RHINUM, .or Lyon’s HEART,
or CALF’S SNOUT. '

Defeription :1
HIS Plant is thus defcrih-
ed by Monf. Liger. This

,ny Slip; as have Roots to them, Plant ihoots forth Stalks near

two

S‘ N

If: two Foot high, at the fides of
1 which grow dark- green Leaves
) oblong and pointed. At the
'[ End of thefe Stalks grow fingle
ti Flowers, the Leaves of which
r: are irregular, refembling a Mask,
"1) divided into two Lips, the up-
:; permoft of which ends in two
‘E Points, 'and the lowermoit of
" which is divided into three Parts;
~ l from the Bottom of the Cup of
i this Flower rifes a Chive, which
' is fafiened like a Nail to the
lower Part, which grows to the
Fruit like the fore part of the
Head of a Swine, which is di-
. vided into two Cells full of

, block Seedr.

Varietier. ] Mr. Mortimer fiys,
there are of this Plant pretty Di-
verfities : Fir/Z, The common white
Snap Dragon. Second/y, The '04-
riegated white Snap Dragon ,
whofe Leaves are broader, di-
vided in the Middle, and turn-
ed up on the Edges, having long
fmall purpli/l: Lines on the in—
fide. Tbirdly, The yellow, Which
is different: from the common
wirite only in the Colour of its
Flowers; and Faun/91y, the red,
which is of two or three Sorts.
The befi Sort of which is flow-
ered like the fecond Sort, of a
deep rea’ Rafi- Colour, but the
other two are of a paler Co-
lour.

The ”fair of Propagation.]
They are raifed by Seed, bear
Flowers the fecond Year ; when
the Old Roots commonly die ;
but if the Slip: that do not rife
to Flower, be taken off and fet,
in the End of May, or Begin-

S N
to yoly, and the Seeds are ripe
in Augufl.

Mr. Liger fays, the Seed: are
to be fown in the Months of
Septemécr and Oc‘i‘ooer, and the
Plants are to be tranfplanted in
flpril. Mr. Carpenter fays they
may alfo be {own in the Spring,
and tranfplanted the Aztumn fol-‘
lowing.

It ought to be fowh thin on a
Bed that has been well manured
and provided with a little MOuld,
and watered and weeded as there
is Occafion. It may alfo be
propagated by Stroke”.

Cultare.] The Culture is
the fame with that of the Hya-
cint/J of Conflontinople, which
fee. .

The Plants are hardy but art—~
nual, and die as foon as they
have produced their Seedr.

51. SNEEZE WORT, PTARMF
CA, or ETERNAL FLOWER.

The Defcription]

H I 8 Plant is defcribed by
Monf. Liger thus ; From

its Root it fhoots forth woody
Branches about at Foot and half
high, covered with 9. Sort of
Wool ; the Leaves are of a twini—
tf/lo Colour, finall, narrow and
hairy. At the End of the
Branches growr the Flowers
which refemble Plumes of F ea-
thers, divided at Top into yel-
low Stars. They are contained
in a fcaly Cup, are produced by
the Emoryo,and are fhining, fome
of a Silver, and fome ofa Gold
Colour. This Embryo becomes

 

ning of 7am, they will grow
the bell. They flower from Illa}

ao/ocfii/IJ, hairy, oblong Seed.
”’4;

S N

U’Ezy of maltipb'ing, 65%.]
Thefe are to be fown in the
open Ground in September and
Oéiober, and in Beds, after the
Manner of Marygoldr; and as
[0011 as the Plants appear, they
fliould be watered, and are to be
covered with fome clean Co-
vering to defend them from the
F roll, and uncovered when the
Weather is fair; and in March
or April, they are to be taken
up to be tranfplanted and wa-
tered, which Watering mull be
continued as there is Occafion
to hailen their Growrh.

The Flowers are of the lar-
geit Size, and ufed for Orna-
ments in Borders and other
Plots in large Gardens.

Mr. Carpenter fays, that the
French make their Bouquets of
thefe Flowers, to drefs up and
adorn their Altars with in the
Winter time, when fearce any
other Flowers are to be had;
and they have an Art to tincture
the white ones with red, yellow,
purple, and other Colours.

52. Snow.

MR. Le Clerc fays ; that fomc
Parts of a Cloud which
ihould turn into Rain are fome-
times prevented by the Cold,
and formed into :1 Confidence,
which we call Snow, which ap—
pears to be formed of watery
Particles, from hence, that when
it diifolves, it turns into VVa-
ter ; fo that we may eafily con-
ceive Snow to be made of wa-
tery Particles, hardened by Cold,
and gathered into Flakes, in fuch
a Manner as to leave large In-

 

8N

terl'ticc's, between one another 3
which Snow is not tranfparent as
the Water that produced it, be-
caufe its more rigid .Particles,
being huddled together by Chance,
don’t leave [trait Pores between
one another, and (‘0 keep out the
Matter of Light.

But when it happens that the
Region of the Air under the
Cloud is very cold, the Drops
of Rain are congealed as they
fall and come down in Lumps
which are called Hail. And
thefe Lumps are greater or lei‘s,
according to the Bignefs of the
Rain-Drops of which they are
form’d. And alfo rhefe Lumps
of Hail are alfo varioufly fir
gured.

Another Author fays of Snow,
It has been obfervable, that ma~
ny Parts are of a regular Figure,
for the molt Part being, as it
were, fo many little Rowels, or
Stars of fix Points, being perfect
and tranfparent Ice. Upon each
of which Points are fet other:
collateral Points, at the fame
Angles as the main Points them~
{elves : Amongft thefe there are
divers others irregular, which are
chiefly broken Points and Frag-
ments of the regular ones. 0-
thers alfo by various Winds
feem to have been thawed and
frozen again into irregular Clull
thers; to that it feems as if the
whole. Body of Snow were one
infinite Mafs of Icicles irregular-
ly figured ; that is, a Cloud of
Vapours being gathered into
Drops, the faid Drops do forth-
with dei‘cend, and in their De-
l‘ccnt meeting with a freezing
Air, as they pet‘s through a col~=

dc:
.

S N

';dCl‘ Region, each Drop is im-
‘mediately frozen into an Icicle,

lhooting it felf forth into feve-
:ral Points. But {till continuing
yto defcend, and meeting with
ifome intermitting Gales of war-
-rmer Air ; or by their being con-
i‘tinually wafted to and fro ,
)touching upon one another;
ifome are a little thawed, blunt-
,ed, and again frozen into Clum-
wpers, or entangled fo as to fall
{again in what we call Flakes.

Altho’ Snow is firmIce,and the
ILightnefis of it is owing to the
iExcefs of its Surface in Com-
Vparifon to the Matter contained

in it, as Gold it felf may be
extended in Surface, till it will
‘ride upon the leafl Breath of
. Air. ._

Mr. Switzer fays, Snow may
nor improperly be ranked with
i Rain, being nothing but the
. Rain congealed by the Frigidity

of the Air, but is fuppofed to
' abound with falifick and fertile
a Particles, as much, or more than
Rain; however it is accounted
more ponderous, and f0 links
deeper into the Ground than
Rain does, and therefore is in
fome Cafes of more Benefit to
planting; and therefore fome
lay Heaps of Snow round the
Foot of their Forel’t-Trees, ef-
pecially in hot burning Lands.

5;. Snow Dnops, or WATER
GILLIFLOWER.

E HI 8 Plant is called in

Lari”, Narriflm Leucoium,
becaufe as to its Bulb it refem-
bles the Narciflhr, and as to its
flower, that of a Lemoimn,

 

SN

or Gilliflozver. They are called
Snow Drops, becaufe they {hew
their Snow wlute Flowers {ome-
times in yanuary. .

They are multiplied by parts
ing their Roots. This .is a fit
Companion for the Crocus, as
to its Height and Time of flow«.
ering; and it is ufual to plant
them together. Their Culture
is the fame as that of the Gm:
(315'.

54.801Ls.

MR. Switzer fays, That we

generally meet with about:
fix Sorts of Land: ; three of
which may be call’d poor, dry
hot Land, and three poor, col .
Lands: As for middling good
Sails, all Trees profper very
well in them ; but cold, cl e
Land is the worfl of any Land
that can be call’d any thing like
good Land for Trees, unlefs it
be made better and drain’d.

If a Perfon is oblig’d to plant
in very poor, grave/1y, dry Land,
it will be to no Purpofe to plant
any thing that is choice; for, as
there is but a {hallow Spit of
Earth at the Top, f0 there is but
a hungry, grave/[y fiarv’d Boté
torn, and [‘0 is only fit for fuch
Trees as are very free Growers ;
fuch as the Abel: and ”Graig-Elm,
or the lI/itcla-Hazle, which has
profpered well on fuch Lands.
Thefc Trees being free Growers
in all tolerable Land, the Poor-
nefs of the Earth curbs the Li:
centioul‘nefs of the Shoots : But
it is not proper in limb Land to
plant Beer/a, Elm, Lime or 04%.

As

80

As to a fandv, dee};1 Soil, which
is a dry Land, tho’ in its Nature
it is very hungry and poor, yet
it has produc’d very large Beee/m
and Hornéeam ; and on this
Ground, he fays, doubtlefs the
Adele, Beer/J, Mic/9 - Elm and
Mien-Hale, and Hornbeam will
profper, efpeciall y when town.

A third Sort of barren, dry
Land, (fnch as he has feen in
Buckling/Jane/bire) Which is of
very little Value, as being very
ihallow, ,and upon Rocks of
Chalk, or loofe Stone, yet pro-
duces the Trees before-men-
tion’d in a wonderful Manner:
But he doubts whether they
would fucceed, if tranfplanted
into fuch Lands; therefore he
advifes to depend on nothing but
{owing them in fuch: Or if
they are taken out of the Woods,
they ought to be full of Fibres.
In this Ground, fl/ly, Beeeb,
Wren-Elm, W'itclJ-Hazle, Horn-
laeam, 63%. may be fown, or if
planted, it fhould be with great
Care, or in large Holes, or high-
rais’d Banks.

Middlmg Landr, fuch as good
Pa/Zare, ll 7/21 (u and Barley Landt,
Will produce any T tee.

OtwetLand1,he takes N0—
tice of th1ee So1ts: F1111, a moor—
ijly, 50111111 Land fecondly, a we/:,
finingy Land, (11 Greer el,thi1dly,
aeold Clay. Upon the fi1fi 0t
thefe grow the larger Alden,
ll’illows, and feveral rlgnarickx;
and With thefe he mentions the
Elm, as being properly of the
watery Tribe.

Secondlv , :1 -,wer ['pewy Gra-
ze], intermi - d w: th (/1111, Where
the Springs by 1 1:11- o .21ion carry

0

 

S 0
off the vital Part of the Ground
In this, he fays, libelex, Elders,
Elm: and Poplar: will p1ofper
tolerably well.

Thi1dly, a flyfi rank, cold Clay
is not good for Trees, efpecially
if planted any thing large , for
the Earth is 1'0 unnaétable as to,
rot the Fibres, before they can
firike to keep themfelves alive.

In fuch Ground the Trees
mufi be planted in Holes five or
fix Foot Wide ; and the Foot of
the Tree muI‘t be planted level
with the Surface of the Ground.

Mr. Evelyn, in his Sylva, has
the following Account of what
Sail: fuit particular Trees.

In a black, fat Land, will thrive
the Oak, and all Sorts of Chef:-
721153.

In Bogg y, drain’ d Ground, the
Alder, A/I'J, Bert/J, Poplar and
I’Villow.

In Chalk}! Ground, the 14/7},
Beech, Elm, ynniper, 01k and
Wallnat; but not the Poplar.

In Clayey Ground, the tough-
ell: Oak and Poplar , but not the
Abe/e.

In moi/Z Clay, the 471, the
Chefnm‘, the [Vale and Hale/J—
Elm, the white Sal/0w, and red
[-1 illow.

In very [bong C14}, very few
lrees will grow.

In Corn—Groand, moii Tim-
ber-Trees, and all. Kinds of170~
reft and moi} I ruit-T tees

Cragrey—Groztnd, fljla and Fir,

and rht Oak, if from Seed, and

not elle.
On Dian-Brandi, {7/71 and Fe"-
male-Elm.
On dr\,, ’mor, cletr Soil, he
decal, 5.12115 rdll tr, [1:1 l), d211, -,le
Mm.

SO

....‘Poplar, Wollmt; but not the
W’illo'w.
, On dry, rich Ground, the
. TdBeeelr, Cbefnut, Homlmzm, Lime,
~ (04k, Wallimt.

Dry, fimdy, loot Ground, the
aBeee/J, Biro/.7, Lime; but not
~l:the Elm to any Purpof‘e.

Fat Soil is excellent for Limes,
stand almol‘t any Sort of Trees, if
r. not dung’d ; but if dung’d, and
5: the Dung not well confum’d,
Mineither Holly, Te-w, nor Forefi-
T Trees will thrive.

Flint ' Gray/ml, the Afla, Back,
.2 and E1371, if fown.

Graze], if there be any Thick-

.I nets of I’lfozzld, the fl/b, Beer/y,

LElm, H015, Oak, better than.

) C/aefmst.

A lyzzxgry Griz-rel, only the
. fibele; not the Alf/'2, Elm, Oak
x or llh’mzt.

67”.;‘2‘51 mix’d with Loam; the
. flfl], £132, 031:, ”Qt/mgr, and al-

: mol‘t any Trcc but the flqzmtiekr. .

[Wot/f Gretel, the Chg/52:42“,
Elms, Eng/7]], Data? and {rem/a
Fir, 0.7/5, Pize, green ”GI/ow.

55. SOLSTICE.

0 L STICE is the Time

when the Sun being come tO
either of the Tropical Points is
got farthefi from the Equator,
and fcems for form Days to be
at a Stand before it rtrurns back,
which happens twice aYear in
the Summer and li’inter-Seafons.

56. SmmER-SOLSTICE.
SL731] [W E R or firg/{ivol-Sol—

flice in thofe Countries,
which lie to the Non/a of the

SO

Equator, is when the Sun enters
the Tropiek of Crmeer on the»
eleventh of firms, and makes the
longefl Day and the lhortell:
Night.

57. WINTER'SOLSTICE.

W I N TE R or Hyberrml-

Solflice, to thofe who live
to the North of the Equator, is
when the Sun comes toothe-
Tropick 0f Capricorn, Which is
on the eleventh of Dereméer,
and nukes the Iongcll Night and
{hortcfi Day.

58. SOLOMON’S SEAL.

THIS Plant may be rais’d by

Seed; but it is molt com-
monly done by the Tops or Pie-
ces of Root:. The Seed is ripe
in September.

59. SORREL.

Difl'erent Sorts]

OF Sorrel there are feveral

Sorts ; but that which is
call’d French Sorrel is the Belt ;
but of the common Sort, the larg-
efl is accounted the belt for a
Kirchin - Garden. Its Seed is
fmall, flick, and Of a triangular
Figure, {harp-pointed at the End,
and of a dark Cinnamon Colour.

Soil] It delights in an Earth
naturally good, or well im«
prov’d with Dung.

1174;! of Increafingfl Itis to be
increas’d either by .S'eedr, which
are gathcred in job, or Fleet; :
If from Seedr, it may be {own in ,
any of the Mouths from zlfiqreb ‘

 

to Augufl, nay in Sefteml-cr, if
1

{I}:

80

the Weather prove f0 mild, that
it grow big enough to refill the
Severity of the W’inrer, by that
Time it comes. It may be fown
either in open Ground, or in
flrait Rows or Furrows in Beds
or Borders; and ought to be
fown very thick, becaufe many
of the Plants perifh. It may be
rais’d eafily enough from Plantr,
which ought to be fet at a good
Dillance, becaufe they are apt to
grow large, and fpread Abroad.
It ought to be well watered and
weeded; and after it has been
cut down to the Ground, it
ihould once aYear be cover’d
with a little Mould ; and this is
bell to be done in the hot Months
of the Year, which will add to it
new Vigour.

As to that Sort, which from
the Roundnefs of its Leaves is
call’d Round Sorrel, (Whereas
thofe of the other Sort are (harp-
pointed;) it is belt multiply’d
by running Branches, which will
take Roor in the Earth, as they
run over it; thefe being taken
off and tranl‘planted, will pro-
.‘duce thick Tufts; and again,
thefe thick Tufts will produce
Runners.

6o. SOUTHERN-WOOD.

0 UTHERNAH’O 0 D, is
rais’d of 51:19:, planted any
Time in [Waters
61. Sow-BREAD. See CY~
c L A M r: N.

62. SPANISH-BROOM. See
BROOM.

 

SP

63. SPIDER-WORT;

SPIDER - WORT is of "i

fevcral Sorts ; but only the 1
Italian and the Savoy are proper
to be cultivated. They are hardy
Plants, and live and thrive in any
Soil, but hell in one that is
moifi. They flower about the‘
Beginning of 3mm.

64. SPINNAGE, or SPINNACH.‘

Difi'ermt Sort5.]

R. Bradley fays, There are

two Sorts of Spimage; the
round Spinnagc, and the prick/y
Sort, which diti‘er in the Shape
of their Seed according to their
Names ; but when they are
boil’d, he finds no Difl'erence in
their Talle.

Dcfi‘rrp/im of tlvc Seed] The
Sad, Mr. London defcribes thus;
it is pretty large, horned and tri-
angular on two Sides, and its
Corners are very {harp-pointed
and prickly, and it is like a Purfe
of a growl/l] Colour on that
Part which is oppolite to thole
pointed Horns.

Soil, ’am/ I; {1y If Z‘VIlil’fflf‘l‘,';chg'.]
This Plant requires the" belt
Ground; and Mr; Brad/er ad-‘i
vil‘es, to fow it the Beginning of}
Augzg/lin fonte Place well ex:

‘pos’d to the Sun, that the Leaves

may be large enough to cut for"
boiling in the lil’imcr ; and aiib
in film-([7, n’pril and flier, eVer
Fortnight, to l‘upply the'liirenin,
’till other Greens are Plenty; be-
caufe in the Spring one Crop
will hardly lal‘t good longer than
a Fort-'

SP

a Fortnight, without running to
Seed. ~
Mr. London advil‘es, to low it
either in open Ground, \or in
F urrows, in [trait Rows, in well-
prepared Beds ; and this feveral
Times in the Year, beginning a-
; bout the Middle of/Iugrg/l, and
’ leaving off about a Month after ;
and then the firft will be fit ,to
cut about the Middle of Oc‘Zober,
the {Econd in Lent, and the lafi
in [May And if the flutflmn
prove dry, they may be watered
fometimes. Alfo in the Spring
of the Year they may be fown,
as above direéted.

Thofe that remain after W’z‘n—
ter, will run into Seed towards
the End of [Way ; and the Seeds
may be gathered the Middle of

3am.
65. S P l N E.

SP I N E fignifies a Thom.

56. Sprxosrry.

P I N 0 S I TT is Tbot‘flimj},
or having or full of Thorns.

S

67. SPINOUS.

P [N0 US fignifies Tborny,
or full of T/clorm.

68. SpoxrAxeocs.

SPONTANEOUS, fo
thofe Things are called that
grow of their own Accord.

ST

69. SQUASHES.

S‘QUASHES aré afmal'l
‘ Sort of Pumpkin, which are
to be cultivated after the fame
Manner as Pump/em: or Cflt‘flfil"
bers; which fee.

7o. SQUrLLs or SEA ONIONS.
See ONIONS.

7r. SIAMINA.

STAMI NA are the little

fine Threads or Hairs, which
grow up within Flowers of ,
Plants, encompafiing round the
Style, and on which the flpiccs
grow at the End.

72. STAMINEOUS.

STAMINEO US Flow-

er: are imperfeé? Flo-wen,
which want the fine coloured
Leaves called Petala, and cons
fill only of the Style and the

Stamina.

73.}ETH10PIAN STAR-
FLOWER

T H I 5 Mr. [Mortimer fays is

a beautiful Flower in the
Month of Augufl, but it ought
to be defended from the vigorous
Colds in Winter, by fomc Shela
ter, or elfe it mull be removed

. into the Green Houfe. See Star-

Flower.
74. S r A T U E s.
S TA TUE S and Va a: con—

 

tribute very much to the
Embellilhment and Magnifiencc
of

ST

of a Garden and extreamly ad—
vance the natural Beauties of it.
They are made of feveral Forms
and different Materials ; the
richeit are rhofe of cafi Brafs,
Lead gilt, and Marble; ordina—
ry Sort are of common Stone
or Stucco.

Among Figures are difiin-
guiihed Groups, which confiit
at legit of two Figures together
in the fame Block; Figures in-
fulate or detach’d, that is, thol‘e
that you can go quite round;
and Figures that are fet in Ni-
ches, which are furniihed on the
fore Part only.

There are likewife‘ Buits,
Termes, half length Figures; Fi-
gures half as big as the Life,
and thefe bigger than the Life
that are called Colloflal, placed
either on regular Pede/Zn/r, or
fuch as are more flender, taper-
ing and hollowed, or on flat
Plinths; not to mention the
Figures, which fometimes adorn
Cafcader, as do aifo Bafl-re-
limos and flTflJ/é-I‘Ie’ddf.

Thefe Figures reprefent all
the feveral Deities, and illuit-
rious Perfons of Antiquity ,
which {hould be placed proper—
ly in Gardens

The River Gods, as Naiaa’er
River; and Tritom, {hould be
fet in the Middle of Foun-
tains and Bafons; the Gods of
the \Voods, as Sylvmer, Faun;
and [Lynda ; in the Groves; Sa-
crificer, Bauhaus]; and Chi/drew
Sports are likewit‘e rcprefented
in B:’.’_fi“7‘€li€1’0, Upon the Vafcs
and Pedefi‘lzh, which may be
adorned with lug/Zoom, Foliage,

flies/ding: and other Ornaments.

S T

Figures and Vafe: are ufually
fet along the Palifades in the
Front, and upon the fides of a,
Parterre; in the Nitches and
linking of Hombeam, or of
Lattice Work made for that
Purpofe.

They are placed in Groves
in the Center of a Star, “or St.
Andrew’s Crofs, in the Spaces
between the Walks of a Goofe
Foot, in the Middle of Halls
and Cabinets, among the Trees
and Arches of a green Gallery,
and at the Head of a Row of
Trees, or Palifades, that (land
t‘r‘e and detach’d.

They are alt‘o plac’d at the
lower Ends of Walks and Vii“-
ta’s, to fet them off the bet-
ter.

yupitcr and [Wars ihould pof—
i'efs the largeit open Centers and
Lawns of :1 grand Delign, ele«
vated upon Pedel‘tals, Columnal
and other architeStonical Works
with their immediate Servants
and Vaflhls underneath ; yupz'ter
With his Mercury, Mar; with
Fame, and the relt of their At-
tendants.

Neptune in his Chariot {hould
poffeis the Center of the greateit
Body of \Vater, whether it be
Fountain, Baton, 0r Whatfoever
of that Kind ; and attended with
the Naiader, Tritom, and his 0-
ther Sea Attendants.

Vemt: fhould be plae’d among
the Gram, CzDid, "(36. It msy
be proper to place 11720110 with
the 1111427: in the Nitches; and
[Miner-m With- the Liberal Sti-
want, {576. and in all the leflEr
Centers ot‘a Polygonar Circum-

 

lbriptiorl.
The

S T

The Dii Minere: ought alfo
to poll"efs the Nitches.

Vulcan with the Cyclopt, in a
Center of lefs Note; and all
the tell of the Deities in their
particular Places and Order.
C ereI, Flora and Pomona to their
feveral Charges; and the Farm:
and Sylvan: {hould be plac’d in
the more remote and rural Cen-
ters and Parts of the Wood-
work.

Daplme, Diana, Ham and
Veam, {hould have their Places
in the Flower-Garden.

75. STELLATE.

STEL L A TE - Plant: are

fuch as have their Leaves
growing on the Stalks at certain
Intervals, in the Form of a Star
with Beams.

76. STERIL.

STE R IL fignifics barren.

77. STERILITY.

STE R IL ITT fignifies Bar-
rennefs.

78. SrocK JULY - FLOWERS.
'See JULIANS, orGtLLr-
FLOWERs

79. SIRAWBERRIES.

_, . Variom Kinda]

‘ R. Mortimer reckons the
common Eag‘lf/b Straw—

< berry, which is much improv’d

‘by being tranfplanted from the

.” \Voods to the Garden; the wbite

V o L. 11.

ST

Mari-Strawberry, WIT-Th is more
delicate than the former; the
long red Strawberry; the Polo-
man Strawberry; and the green
Stra-wberrv, which is the fweetefl:
of all, and the latel’t ripe.

Mr, Bradley mentions but
three Sorts ; the great white or
Hmtboy -flra‘w berry, the 14/0041-

.flra-wberry, and the fowl“; the

latter of which ripens much
fooner than either of the Other
two, efpecially if it has had a
good Expofure, and a light Soil,
which always contributes to
quicken Vegetation. ,

The great w/aite or Hautboy-
flra-wberry ripens nexr to the fear-
let, and the 117004 -flrawberrier
next to them; and will laft at
long Time, if they be kept
fliadcd after they begin to ripen.

Mr. Mortimer mentions a
Kind of Strawberry that ms (not
long fince) been brought from
Ne-w- England, Which Ibme
efieem the bell of all, which is
the earliefi ripe of ,all Eagli/b
Fruit, being oft-en ripe the firfl'
Week in May. , -

This left Sort are of the finelt
fiar/et Dye; and are to be pro-
pagated from Raaaerr, which
area Sort of Strings growing
out of the Body of the Plant,
which readily take Root at the
Points or Knobs; and will be
fit for Tranf‘planting in two or
three Months Time ; tho’ thofe
are the belt to plant which lhoot
(hit in the Spring.

Way of Encreafiaggj They
may be planted in Beds or Bor-
ders; and require good Water-
ing. They profper belt on a
moifi Soil, or upon new broken

 

11?

ST

up frefh Ground, or in fuch Pla-
ces whereon they have not grown
before; but efpecially on the
Sides of Melon-Banks; where
they have the Benefit of the Heat
of the Sun to nouriih them.
They lhould be planted in moiit
Weather, and in the Mouths of
.Ma ' or Septeméer.

ll" they are planted in fingle
Rows, they will bear well the
next'Year after they are planted,
and much better than if they are
planted thick together, as the
common Way is.

But in Order to have Straw-
laerricr in 1414mm”, hc advifcs, to
cut away the firft Bloflbms they
put forth, to hinder their bear-
ing in the Spring, and that will
caufe them afterwards to blow
afi‘elh, and bear in the latter Sea-
fons.

But to have fome of them of a
larger Size, he advifes to cut
them down‘to the Ground, as
foon as they have done bearing ;
and to crop them as foon as they
fpirc, ’till towards the Spring:
And when you would have
them proceed towards bearing,
as you cut them to firew upon
them now and then, Cow-Dung
dried to Powder, Pidgeon’s-
Dung, Sheep’s-Dung, or frefh
Mould, {9%. And to water them
as Occnion {hall require.

They ought to be {tring’d
once in two Years,yan’d tranf-
planted once in three or four
Years.

'l‘hol‘e are the belt, that are
‘i't'J’, thoroughly ripe, and of a
plegt’lmt Odour, being agreeable
to tire Tulle. \

ST

In Order to preferve tlrem
over the Water, and make them
to come early, he advifes, to
ihclter them from the Frofts with
Straw, and bellow new Mould
on them.

Soil] Mr. Bradley rays, Straw—
berries love a clayey Soil ; nor do
they delight in any [0 much as
that which inclines to Clay: And
as an Inflance of this, takes No-
ticc of the great Profits made of
them yearly by the Hammerfmitb
Gardeners, Where the Soil is
proper for making of Bricks:
And adds, that it is in fuch Land
only that the Fruit is to be ex.
peéted to be large, and in Abun-
dance.

He gives an Account of the
Method us’d by the Hammer-
fmit/a Gardeners, in the Propa-
gation and Culture of Strawber-
rier, to the Purpofe following :

They firil mix Horfe-Dung
and Coal-Allies, and incorporate
them well together; and this be-
ing done, they layxa good Quan;
tity of it upon their Land, in
Order to be digged or trenchcd
in Fcérmry ; afterwards they
lay up their Borders about three
Foot wide, and plant the Slip:
(of what Kinds they ple’afe)
upon them, at about eight Inches
Difiance; when they have done
this, they for Beam for a Summer
Crop; becatfgfifiithe Stra'wl‘criyo
Plants will "'13th begin to bear
rFruit to any Purpofe ’till the "
next Year after; nor then to any
Quantity, in vgomparilbn to
what they will fioduce the Year
after ~ that, which will 1 be the
third Year after they were plant-

 

. ad,

S’ T
ed'; and then if they are not pre-
Vented by fome extraordinary
Drought, they will bear a full
Crop.

They alfo, when they lay up
the Beds, plant Currant, Gooflz-
berries, Rofiar or fweet Briar, at
the Dillance of every five or fix
Foot, which not only is an Ad-
Vantage in {hading the Strawber-
rier, but turns to good Account
at the Market.

If the Cr0p thus manag’d be
Well weeded and water’d, if the
Seafon of their Bloffom be dry,
it is hardly to be imagin’d What
Advantage they make of a Piece
of Ground thus planted.

Belides this, they clean them,
and fling Earth among them, to
{trengthen their Roots early in
the Spring ; and plant Sat/by; and
Czééagcr in the Alleys in the
”flat”, that the Ground may
not lie too long unemploy’d.

A Spot of Ground of fazrlet

trawécrrier, ordered after this
Nlanner, he lays, will hold tole—
‘rable good for five or fix Years :
Whereas thofe of the Hautéoy
and Wood Kinds will require re-
newing once in three Years.

The Modfflra-wberrier {hould
always be got frelh from the
Woods; for if Slip: be taken
from the Garden, they are apt to
degenerate;

But thefe Gardeners do not
(as fome do, in Order to make
the Fruit large) praétife the
flringing them, or pulling off
their Runners in 3911}, where the
Roms are weak, and efpecially
[‘0 as to leave all the Plants
tingle.

 

S T
In Order to make them bear

Fruit in flutum, he advifes, to
cut down the Leave: and Flower-

View: jufl before the Opening of

the Bloflbmrg and fays, that if
this be done, they will {boot
out afrefh, and produce ripe
Fruit about September 5 as he
knows by Experience.

In Order to have ripe-Strawa
berrie: in March, the Way to
procure them, is to plant l‘ome
flrong Roots in Pots, and to put
them on a Hot-bed in B‘ammry ;
to let them have what Air may
be convenient ’till they bloll'om;
to give them at that Time mode-
rate Waterings with W ater a lit-
tle warm; to defend them from
F rolls and too lharp Winds ; and
then you may expect b‘uccefs.

He adds, That he has made
Plantations of Strawberries in
April and May, With good Sue;
cefs; and has gathered very good
Fruit from them the fecond Day
of yum.

8o. STONE-CROPfTREE.‘

T HE Stone - Crap - Tree is a
beautiful green, but not com;
mon: It is rais’d by Layern

8!.ISTYLE.

STTLE of a Flower is that

middle, prominent Part of a
Flower of a Plant, which ads
heres to the Fruit or Seed, being
ufually long and flender, whene‘e‘ -
it takes its Name.-

X a 82. Srovss.

'\

ST

83,81-ovus,

' STO V ES are Contrivances

for the propagating, preferv-
ing and ripening feveral Sorts of
Plants and Fruits, chiefly Exo-
tieks, by the Means of artificial
Heat. They are diverfificd‘ ac-
cording to the Ingenuity of the
Artii‘t; fome of Which have al-
ready been mention’d under par—
ticular Articles, as Green—190242»,
IIeaz‘, Ripem'ng Fruits, fig’c. But
to thefe Iihall add the follow—
1n :
.Mr. Bradley tells us, That the
Stove, which Was in the Year
172.; ereéted in Efq; Parker’s
Gardens, near Croyden, in Surrey,
is fuch, that it commands the
Admiration of all that have feen

. it, by Reafon of the Jufinefs of

its Architeé‘ture and good Con-
trivance ; it being defign’d as
well to ripen fome Fruits that
have been ripened in other Stoves
[acre as well as in Holland, as
wellas for the keeping of tender
Plants during the Rigour of our
IVzfiterr ; and alfo the Refloring
of fick Plants, which is common
to moft Stoves ; and alfo to make
new Experiments on other Plants
that have not been try’d.

For thefe Reafons, .it has been
endeavour’d to make this Stove
capable of being heated after a
ditfcrent Manner, in the different
Parts ot‘it; in Order to imitate
( in fome meafilre) the different
Climates which may be regulated

-' according to the diflcrent Heights
50f the Thermameter.

In Order
ito this, it is to contriv’d, that it
:may be of Ufe in the .Szrmmer-

 

ST

Time by Means of Tanners-
Bark only, and both Fire and
Tanners-Bark may be us’d toge-
ther in the Wider, or Fire alone.

He takes Notice alfo, That
Mr. Fairclai/d having in the Year
1723 built a Stove for the moft
tender Plants, he has rais’d the
F ire-Flues above the Surface of
the Floor of the Stove, which
he approves of, as done With
good Reafon; becaufe as thofe
Flues are not buried in the Earth,
they will not raife Damps in the
Houi‘e ; but on the contrary, the
Heat which proceeds from the
Flues will rectify any Damps
that ihould rife, and render it fit
for the Plants by quickning its
MOtion ; for by how much the
more any Fluid is rarified, by f0
much the quicker it is in its Mo-
tion; and by how much the lefs
it is rarified, by (‘0 much it is the
flower, and nearer to a Stagna-
tion ; and may by extreme Cold
become (‘0 denfe, as not to have
any Motion at all, and become
intirely fix’d.

And as the Temper of the Air
is more or lefs hot or cold, or
dry or moifl, the juices of the
Plants are always more or lefs
fluid : Tho’ the Particles of
Air are quicker in their Motion
than the Parts of Water; yet the
Air of our Atmofphere is no-‘
thing but the refin’d Parts of
Water raritied by Heat, which
when they meet with Cold, are
condens’d in fuch Manner, as to
be relblv’d again into Water,
and again this Water is~fix’d in-
to Ice , by a Cold that is
more extreme; but then it may
by Heat be again refolv’d frtom

t at

S "U
that fix’d State into itsfirfl Con-
dition.

84. SUBTERRANEOUS.

SUBTE RRANEOUS,’§
SUB TERRANEAN,
is that which is under, or within
the Surface, Bowels or Caverns
of the Earth ; or the hollow Pla-
ces of the Earth, that lie under
Ground.

85. Socconr. See ENDIVE.
86. SuCCULENT.

S'UC C_UL E NT Plant: are
fuch as are full of Juice.

87. SUCCULENCY.

UCCULENCT; Fulnefs
ofJuice.

S

88. SULPIIUREOUS.

UL PHUREOUS is full
- of Sulphur.

89. INDIAN or VIRGINIAN SU-
MACH, R1105, RHUS, or VIR-
GINIAN BUCKS-HORN TREE.

H I 5 Plant is

D ' ' .
t’fmptwn] T thus defcrib’d

by Monf. Liger : Confidering
its Bulk, it IS a Shrub that is tall
enough, dividing it felf into- fe—
veralb Branches, garnifh’d with
oblong, broad Leaves, indented
on'thc Edges, ofa reddi J Colour.
At the End of thefe Branches
grow I‘low ers in a round Form,
which are compos’d of feveral
. Leases

 

Out 0: the Cup of the

S U
Flowers there arife Stiles which
become roundifh Capfulm full
of Seeds, in the Shape of a little
Kidney. -

He direéts, to plant it in Ca-
fes flll’d with one half Mould,
and one half Kitchin-Garden
Soil, well lifted ; to place them
in a funny Expofure, and to
give them frequent Waterings.

Way of Encrcafing.] It is en-
creas’d by S/aootr, growing at the
Foot of the Shrub, which, when
they are cut off to be planted,
{hould have as much Root to
them as can be, and fet four In~
ches deep. They mufi be fet
into the Greenhoufe in the W’z‘n-
ter.

90. SUMMIT.

HE Summit of a Plant is
the highefi Part or Top 0t?
1t. .
91. S U N.
T H E Szm, (fays a certain

Author ) may be accounted
the Farm: Nature, or Primum
Mobile of all vegetative Morion.

The Sun’s attractive Virtue is
very confpicuous in the Exhala-
tion of thofe crude and unwhol-g
fome Vapours, with which the
Earth is often infefled; which,
if they were fuffered to continue
long upon the Face of the Earth,
would render it a miferable De-
fert.

The Sun, by fubliming thofe
crude and hurtful Vapours, and
their being ratified before their
Delcention and Diflribution ,
forms them into Rain, which is

' X 3 of

SU

of great Confequence in Vegeé

tation.

To this he adds the Attraétion
of Plants themfelves, which cre-
ates a kind of Emulation in them
which ihall grow the tallelt.

But that which the Ancients
did ul‘e to attribute to Attraélion,
may now be very well folv’d by
Pulfion. To apply which to
the Matter in Hand :~ When the
Surface of the Sea, {9%. is di-
vided by the Heat of the Sun,
and the Power of the Air, their
Afcenfion through the Atmo-
fphere, either by the Rarefaétion
of the Air by the Sun, or other-
wife by the Refpiration of the
Terraqueous Globe, which in
this Cafe may be fuppos’d to act
like the Body Natural ; or elfe
that the Air being rarefied by the
Sun-beams does, by the Gravi-
tation of its own Body in gene-
ral, force thofe humid Vapours
by Pulfion , upwards through
thofe Beams or Rays of Light,
which are (as it were) To many
Pipes or Tubes for their ready
Pafiage, Afcenfion and Convey-
ance. .

Or if thofe Vapours are con—
vey’d by the Undnlation of the
Air in a perpendicular Manner,
rather than a radiant one, thro’
the Rays and Beams of Light,
which foever of thefe Ways it is,
the Sun is the principal Agent in
this Bulinefs; and the whole
Procefs is either Artraélion, Pul-
fion; or Refpirarion, forwarded
by the virtual Power of it.

That the Rarefaé‘rion of Air,
by Heat, is a great Help to At—
traétion or Pullion, may be dif-
cover‘d by the Fire-Engine made

 

SU

by Mr. Savoury, where we can-
not fa'y that the Water is either
forced or attrar‘led by the Heat,
but that the Air that is in the
Pipe is lightened by its raret‘ying
Quality, to fuch a Degree, that
the [Equilibrium is loft, and the
Impull‘e and Preffure of the Air,
which is without, forces the
Water to that great Height that
is feen in the Operation.

And ('0, if a 1iitle.Scrip of
Paper burning and fuming be
put into a common Drinking-
Glafs, and it be turn’d up imme-
diately, and put upon a Plate of
Water, it feems as tho’ it would
fuck it up into the Glafs ; when
indeed the Truth of the Experi-
ment is, that it is only the out-
ward Prefl'ure, and the inward
Weaknels of the Air to refill
being purified by Heat : For if
the fame Glafs fhould be plung’d
into a Bal'on of Water up to the
Foot of it; yet the \Vater that
is in the Bafon would not enter
into the Glafs, ’till the Air, either
having loft its own Strength or
rather inlinuated or incorporated
it felt‘ with the Water, lofcs its
own Strength; limb is the Force
of Air.

But this may fuflice, concern-
ing what the Ancients call At.
trac‘i‘ion; which in many Cafes
is folv’d by Put/ion or the pref-
fure and elal’tiek Power of the
,‘lir, rather than by the attractive
Power of the Szm.

It is fufliciently prov’d by oc-
ular Demonftration, that the
Vapours of the Sea, Rivers,
Lakes, and all the Humidities 'ot‘
the Ground, are drawn up after

this Manner. And that Heat is
an ,

SU

an Agent in this Operation, has
been clearly prov’d by the Expe-
riments of that Learned Natu-
ralill, Mr. Halley; by taking a
V effel of Water four Inches
deep, and feven and nine Tenths
r in Diameter ; which being
warm’d to fuch a Degree, as it
might be fuppos’d the Air might
do it in fome of the hotteft
Months, and letting it {land a-
bout two Hours Time, and
weighing it, found it had eva—
porated near half an Ounce, al-
tho’ there did not appear any
Reek or Smoke; nor did the
Water feem warm, by dipping
his Finger into it; from which
it may be concluded, that out
of that fmall Superficies of the
\Vater, fix Ounces would be
evaporated in the Space of twen-
ty four Hours.

Upon this Suppofition, every
ten Square Inches of the Surface
of Water yields in Vapour, per
Day, a Cube Inch of Water;
and each fquare Foot half a
Wine Pint ; and every Space of
four Foot fquare, a Gallon; a
Mile fquare, 69 x4. Tun ; a fquare
Degree, fuppofe of 69 Engli/b
Miles, will evaporate 33 Milli-
ons of Tuns.

This will account for the Caf-
pian—Sea being always at aStand,
and neither wailing nor over-
‘ flowing; and alfo for the Cur-
rent faid to fet always in at the
Streights of Gibralter, tiOtWith-
flanding that thofe Mediterranean
Seas receive f0 many, and f0,
confiderable Rivers. ‘

This Experiment has been car-
ried yet farther by the Oxford-
Society ; who ,fuppoling a cu-

 

SU

bical Foot of Water to weigh
76 Pound, and this Foot con-
taining x728 cubick Inches, and
divided in the 76 Pound,
gives half an Ounce and 1 3 one
third Grains, which is the‘
Weight of a cubical Inch of Wa-
ter ; therefore the Weight of
the 233 Grains is am}, or 35
Parts of a cubick Inch divided
by 38. Then the Area of a
Circle, the Diamettzr of which is
7 Inches and upwards, is more
than 49 fquare Inches ; which, if
it be divided by gg— Parts of an
Inch, the Quantity of Water
carried off in Vapours, the Pro-
duét will be ”395,-, or 5% Parts
of [an Inch waited in that Expe-
riment.

This is a plain Proof of what
a great Quantity of Water may
be thus carried off, in great Di~
mentions of Water, even enough
to fupply all Rains, DeWs, {9%.

But the Sun, belides this, has a
difl‘ufive Power, not to dwell on
the Light it conveys to thefe
fublunaty Regions , without
which, the whole Race of Man—
kind mufi wander and grovel in
the dark; for by its genial and
cheerful Rays, it cxhilarates the
vegetable Part of the Creation,
and makes Nature her felf to
finile.

It has an Influence upon deep
Grounds, by warming and cheer-
ing the Pores of the Earth, when
dilated and fodden by too much
Vv’et; and puts the emulgent
Fibres of Plans on feeking their

It helps the Surface of the

Ground, by attracting or difpel-
ling the Vauours, which would

X 4. other-

SU

wife make it noxious. But more
particularly, it warms and heats
the Ground ; and by its power-
ful Influence, contributes to dif-
folve the latent Salts, and pre-
pare them for being fuck’d in by
the Fibres of Plants, which by
the fame genial Force, are in
Aéli011 to feek out for their
Food. The Sun alfo exhales all
fuperfluous Moifture ; and by its
vital Heat comforts the dilated
Pores.

The Sun difi‘ufes the early
Dews, which, if they lay too
long on Plants, would rot rather
than refrefh them. It alfo preffes
’ them into the Nerves and other
analagous Harts of it. This in-‘
flucntial Power operates on the
Boughs, Branches, Leaves and
Fruit. The Air is alfo qualified
by it; which otherwife, by its
Frigidity, would [top the very
Courfe of Nature. And indeed,
it would be difiicult to inflance
any thing in the whole Cycle of
Boranology, that does not partici—
pate of a Share of this virtual
and difi‘ufiye Good.

92. SUPERFICIES.

SUPERFICIES ofthe
Ground, {9%. is the outward
Part or Surface of it.

9;. SURCULOSE.

"URCULOSEisfim w
Shoots, Slips 'or Twigs.

94. Suncumsxrr.
URCULOSITTisFM—

S nets of Shoots, Slips or
Twigs. _

SU

9;. SURFACE.

SUR FAC E is the bare Out-
fide of .a Body, the Super-
ficies.

96. SWEET BASIL. See BASIL.
97. SYCAMORE-TREE.

T H E Sycamore - Tree, Mr.
Emlyn fays, is the Acer
majus, one of the Kinds of
Maple: : He efieems the German
Sycamore-Tree much before ours.
Soil.] They will grow in al-
moft any Sort of Land; and
may be planted where other Sorts
of better Trees will not profper
to well; but thrive moft in a
dry, light Soil, in which they
will thrive very much.

Propagation.] The Way to
multiply them, is either by the
Keys as I‘oon~ as they are ripe,
which being fown, come up the
firft Spring; or of Suckeri; from
the Room“, or by Layers.

They are to be order’d like
other Nurfery-Trees; and when
they are large enough, may be
tranfplanted out for Walks, {5%.

They may be tranfplanted of
any Size; for they will bear
Tranfplanting very well; and
when they are tranfplanted, they
may either be headed, or only
trimm’d up the Side-Boughs,
which latter (where they do not
grow too finall and tall) is the
bell Way.

They are not accounted ('0
good for Walks, or near fine
Gardens; becaufe they are apt
to foul them by the falling ot

. I101:

 

SU

their Leaves ; and becaufe the
Leaves hang upon them the leafl
while of any Tree ; and befides,
a Honey-Dew, which hangs up-
on their Leaves, is apt to breed
Infeéts.

Mr. P. Collifon, in a Letter
to Mr. Bradley, acquaints him,
That in his Journey along the
Sea-Coafts of South-”74kt, he
Obferv’d the Sycamore—Tree, or
great, .Maple; "which he is of O-
pinion is very good to defend
fine Seats that lie expos’d to the
Fury of the Weather on the Sea-
Coafls , it growing upright,
{landing firm, and arriving to a
great Magnitude, tho’ in the
molt expos’d Situation.

He adds, That a particular In-
flance of the great Service, Be-
nefit, and Beauty of this defpifed
Tree, is at the Seat of the Lord
flIaufel’s, at Morgam, near the
Sea ;_ where his Garden and fine
Orangtiy is defended by a [lately
Grove of this Tree; and on a—
nother Side by a beautiful Row.
And that he was told by the
Gardener, That, after Tryal,
thefe Sort of Trees were found
to fucceed belt, and even to
thrive in a Tempefi.

98. SYLVATICK.

TL VA TICK fignifies be-
_ longing to Woods or F orefis.

99. Svmch, or PIPE-TREE.

Defcriptiorzj
H I S Plant is thus defcrib’d
by Monf. Liger: It is a
Shrub that from its Root fnoots
forth knotted Stalks, dividing
themfelves into Branches gar-
nilh’d with fine, green, broad obr

 

SU

long Leaves, ‘a little indented‘on
the Edges, plac’d one againft the
other, and pointed at the Ends.
At the Extremities of thefe Bran-
ches, grow round Flowers ,
compos’d of feveral Leaves. Out
of their Cup rifes a Style, which
becomes 21 Fruit like a 'Top,
which flicks to the Cup, and
opens into four Parts, and is di-
vided into four Cells full of
Seeds.

Soil. ] Monl'. Liger fays, it
delights in a fubflantial Soil, in
moifl and ihady Places ; and
fhould be dug three Times a
Year, to make it produce F low-
ers plentifully.

H/ay of Multiplying. ] his to
be propagated by Suckers, taken
from about the Root, which it
produces very plentifully ; theli:
are to be planted either in Mart]:
0r Septeméer.

It is to be multiply’d two Ways,
by Sucker: or Brambw, With Part:
of the Root: fplit off with them.

If they are niultiply’d by Smi-
er:, the Slips fhould have a little
of the old Wood at the End of
them ; and they fhould be fet in
a ihady Place, and they Will the
fooner {hoot out the Fibres.

If they are rais’d by Slip: with
the Root: ; in Order to get them,
make a Circle about the Foot of
the Shrub ; and having thus laid
the Roots open, take off the belt
with as much Root as you can.

Mr. Bradley fays, pthc Syringa, '
if planted in a ihady Place, will \
grow almoli any where, and
will lhoot forth vigoroufiy ; and
being much exposid to the Sun,
will produce Flowers in great
abundance.
' ‘ t In

T]!

In Pruning it, take of’t~ all the

dead Wood, and that which is
worn out, and that which is ill
plac’d.
_ Mr. Bradle tells us, That the
late Biihop 0 London took No-
tice of two Qualities if this
Plant, That the Leaves tailed
like green Cumméer: ; and the
Blofroms had the Odour of
Orange-Flowers.

This Shrub is propagated both
for headed Plants, and Wilder-
nef‘s Quarters ; and is often
planted in Pots to adorn Chim—
nies. They produce Bunches
of fragrant w/aite Blolfoms in
May ; and continue blowing for

fix Weeks.

 

T A

1. TAMARISK.

{ l ufually planted for Va-

riety and Pleafure. It is
to be rais’d Either of Layers,
Slip: or Starters; it grows tall
and large, and is worth propaga-
ting, by Reafon of its Aptnel‘s
to be them and govern’d, like
the Cyprej} and Swain. It lofes
its Verdure in fome Part of the
li’z'nter; but quickly recovers it
again.

2.. TANNERS-BARK.
R. Bradiey lays, The Heat

M of Tanners-Bark is . mode-
rate, gentle, and of long Lafiing,

HE Tamarirk is a Tree

 

T‘ A
which probably may be from its
partaking of a large Share of
Richnefs from one of the {troug-
elt Vegetables, the 04k, and
from one of the flrongeil Ani-
mals, the 0x; and thefe two
powerful Ingredients fermenting
gently in the Bark, may be a
Means of noutifhing the Plants,
whofe Roots are plung’d into it.

And notwithilanding the Roots
are in Pots; yet it is certain,
that fuch Nourifhment may ei-
ther be receiv’d by the Holes
that are at the Bottoms of the
Pots, or elfe the Earth, of which
the Pot is compos’d, may eafily
imbibe the Moillure in the Body
of the Bark; for that Pots are
porous enough to receive any
Moifiure or Humidity : And if
lb, the Roots may have as much
Nourifhment as they want.

The Tanners—Bark, he lays, is
of extraordinary Ufe in caufing
Plants to {trike Root quickly;
and in as much as there is little
or no Steam arifing from it, the
Leaves of the Plants will not
be endanger’d, as thofe frequent-
ly are which are fet upon Hot-
beds made of Horfe—Dung.

It is alfo to be obl‘erv’d, That
when 7717mm Bark is jufl taken
out of the Vats, it is fubjefl to
heat with Violence, and grow
mouldy on the Top, and then it
lofes its Heat quickly; but when
the Bark has been out of the
Vats about a Fortnight, it is the
find} for Ufe, and then it will
heat gently and gradually, and
continue its Heat a long Time.

As to the Manner of making
Hot-beds With Tanners—Bark,
you will find the Method mfide

fe

TA

Ufe of by the ingenious Mr.
Telende, at Sir Matthew Dec;
ker’s, for the propagating the
Juana, you may fee under
the Article flmma, in Letter
A; or Pine-flpple, in Let-
ter P; and Hot-Bed: in Let-
ter H.

Mr. Bradley offers fome Hints
to prevent fome Mii‘takes which
may probably happen to fame
who may judge rafhly of Ta»-
new-Bark, fuppofing it to be
capable to Warm a large Body
of Air above it, to the fame
Degree that the Body of Bark
is warmed below by F ermené
ration. But the exact Dimen-
{ions and Method of the Hot-
Bed Frames, and Quantity of
Bark, Effie. made by Mr. Telende,
being {triétly obferved by thofe
that have imitated them, have
prevented them from falling into
this Error.

He adds, That it is not in
the lealt dil‘covered, that any
Thing evaporates from the B0-
dy of the Bark _; [0 that the
Roots have all the Benefit of this
Richnefs to themfelves. And
where the Roots or Mouths of
Bodies receive ['0 much Nou-
rilhment, it is neceifary in Na-
ture, that there {hould be fome
Difcharge, either by the, Growth
of the Body, which is by ex-
plaining the Parts of the Plants,
or elfe by filling the Veifels ful-
ler of Juices; or fome other
Way ; which will be according
to the Temper of the Air,
where the fame Body refides.
Therefore it is necefl'ary to con-

fider the Quality of the Air, as

VOL. II.

 

TA

well as the Diet of a‘Plant for
its Welfare.

He adds, That aRepofitory,
which is regulated by Fire on-
ly, is neceifary to fer the Plants
into in the Mater-Search; be-
Caufe the Bark of it felf has
not a Power to warm alarge
Quantity of Air above it; and
though it will warm the Roots
of Plants that are fer into it
in the H’z'mer, and fet them
a growing; yet the Leaves,
or Parts of the Plants which are
above, Ground, being kept from
Growth by the greater Cold
of the Air above, they are
not capable of receiving into
them that Nourilhment which
the Roots receive from the
Earth.

And for that Reafon, when
the Bark is made Ufe of in
H’imer, there {hould be fome
other artificial Warmth to regu-
late the Air that is above; and
to put the Leaves or Branches of
fuch Plants, whofe Roots are
plunged in the Bark, into a Dif—
pofition to receive the Nourifh-
ment from them; or elfe re-
duce the Air above into fuch a
State, as may aflilt in feeding
the Plants.

And this, he fuppofes, is on-
ly to be done by Fire ; or
mul' be an Air warmed by
Means of Fire ; and if this be
done, the Space, which is a-
bove the Bed of the Bark, may
be more extenfive than can be
allowed otherwife; .

Where thefe two Warmths
concur, there is nO‘Doubt but
any Plant of the Warmeft Cli~

mate

TA

mate will grow there. And
that it is to be remarked, That
in the Frames of Mr. Telmde’s
contriving, there is above the
Bed of Bark fuch a Proporti-
on of Air, that the Sun can
fufficiently warm it in the Sum-
mer-Time, in Order to the
maintaining Amma’s; but in
the ”Gazer-Time Recourfe mull
be had to other Help, as of
Fire; becaufe the Sun is not
then firong enough to warm the
Air above the Bark.

But as an Infiance to the con-
.trary, I lait Year found, during
the Summer Seafon, that a hot
Bed of TannerI-Barl‘, when in
a good State of Heat, was capa-
ble of warming a larger Quanti-
ty of Air, even that of aStove,
Which was nine Foot high from
the Surface of the Bar/t, and
found that Plants of the hotteft
Countries flouriflied near as well
as in their own Climate (as
Iwas informed by feveral Per-
fons that had been Inhabitants in
jamaica and Barbadocr, many
Years 1) But as Mr. Bradley ob-
ferves, I found ( laft \Vinter
was a Twelve—month ) that the
Heat of the Barfl- was not ca-
pable of afibrding a fuflicient
Warmth to Air the Houfe. The
Heat of the Bark to the Roors
put the Juices into a firong
Motion, and the Cold of the
Air above condenfed them f0
that Ifound them {hoot a lit-
tle, and then would hang the
Tops of their Shoots till at
length they died: But as to
the feveral Stoves built lafi
Summer, in which there are

 

 

TA

Flues carried round the Pits
for Bark: and whofe Flues are
made level, if not above the
Surface of the Bark, to prevent
the Flues from railing Damps,
( which they are very fubjeét to
do efpecially from a firong
Bed of Bark, which is very fub-
jeét of it felf to caui’e a'Damp,
efpecially in the Winter Sea-
fon, when the Air is clofe-
ly confined,) I am in great Ex-
peétation, by thefe Stoves, when
brought to a right Pitch of Heat,
and the building thoroughly dry,
we {hall be capable of keeping
Plants from the hottefi Parts of
the World, and likewife of
ripening the Fruits of any Sort
that grows upon Shrubs, or will
bear in a low Tree capable of
being kept Within the Limits of
a Stove.

The Tanners-Bark, after it is
done with for hot Beds, is no
lefs ufeful in the Garden, it
being one of the beft Ingre-
dients, for Flowers being mixt
up with afreih, light Earth, or
the grew Swerd, 'cut and rot-
ted, and mixt With the rotten
Bark, wonderfully anfwers for
almoft ,any Sort of Flowers,
and for Orange—Trees, there is
no better Soil in the World,
which will eafily be feen by
their Shoots, when planted in
this Earth; and likewife the
dryed Bark is very ufeful for
the covering of Flower Roots
in the Winter, in keeping out
all Froi’ts, if laid two Inches
thick, and preferves the Roots
mightily.

3. TAN-

T A
3. TANSEY..

ANSET is an Herb that is
rais’d by Seedr, Slips, or
Parting of the Root: in the
Spring. It is an Herb hot and
cleanfing ; but ought to be {paring-
ly us’d in cold Sallets, becaufe
of its domineering Reliih. Mr.
Bradley recommends the keep-
ing of it in the Houl'e in the
Water ; and recommends it
highly from his own Experience
as of a fovercign Eflicacy againft
the Gout in the Stomach; and
advil‘es, to boil a handful of it in
half a Pint of firong VVhite-Wine,
and to drink the Decoélion as
hot as poflible; and this, he fays,
he has always found to remove
the Pain in leis than a Quarter
of an Hour.

4. TARRAGON.

HIS Plant, Mr. Bradley

fays, loves a warm Expo-
fure; and is increas’d by Slip:
taken from the Root, and plant-
ed in March. Mr. Mortimer
fays, it is encreas’d either by
Seed:, or rooted S/z'pr, or by fet-
ting of the Tofu, which fpring
again feveral Timesafter they
are cut. In Beds it ihould be
planted eight or nine Inches di-
fiant Plant from Plant, either in
Mart/J or flpril. It requires but
little Water in the driell Sum—
men; and endures the Water.
It may be tranfplanted again in
the Summer-Seafon. That which

 

is frefh and tender, is the bell,
el'pecially the Tops; and notl
l

I

’ T E ‘
thofe Leaves that hang on the
Ground.

5. TERGrrmrous.

TER GIF/E TO US -Plautr
are fuch as bear their Seeds
on the Backfides of their Leaves.

6. TERRASSES.

A Terrafr, Mr. S-witzer fays, is

a fmall Bank of Earth, laid
out and trimm’d aceording to
Line and Level, being necefl‘ary
for the proper Elevation of any
Perfon that walks round a Gar-
den, to view all that lies round
him; and this Elevation is to
necefl‘ary, that thofe Gardens
that have them not, are defi—
cient.

VVhen Temfi: are rightly
fituated, they are great Orna-
ments to their Gardens, for their
Regularity and Opening, efpeci-
ally when they are well built,
and beautified with handfome
Stairs and fine Afcents.

Sometimes there are made
under them Vaultr, Gran, Caf—
mde; and Buflezr Of Water,
With an Order of flrcbitec‘lure,
and a great many Stafltei in
Nitches, and on the Goping a-
bove are fer Vafer and Flt/1087'-
Potr, orderly rang’d and dilL
pos’d.

There are fevcral Kinds of
TerrafI-U/ 41k: :

t. The great Termj}, which
lies next to the Houfe. .

2. The Side or Middle Ter-
raj}, which is commonly cut a-
bove the Level of the Partcrre, ‘
Lawn, 55?.

3. Thofe

T E

g. Thol‘e Terr-42’: which en-
compafs a Garden.

4. Many that lie under one
another, being cut out of a large
Hill ; and thefe are different one
from another, in fome Refpeét
or other.

As to the Breadth of Side-
Tcrmfler, this is ufually decided
by its Correfpondence with fome
Pavilion, fome little Jettee of
Building, but molt of all by the
Quantity of Stuff that is to fpare
for thofe Purpofes.

The Side-Terry} of :1 Garden
ought not to be lel‘s than twenty
Fodt, and but very feldom Wider
than forty.

As for the Hei ht of a Terrafr,
fome allow it to C but five Foot
high; but this he accounts ex~
travagant, and others more or
lefs, according to their Fancies ;
but the molt exaét Perfons never
allow more than three Foot and
an half; and in a finall Garden
and a narrow Terrafi-Walle, three
Foot, and fometimes two Foot
and a half high, are fufficient for
a Tcrmj}. Two Foot and a half
and an Inch, and two Foot nine
Inches is fuflicient for a Termfr
of twenty Foot Wide. But when
the Garden is proportionably
large, and the Terraf: is thirty
or forty Foot wide, then it mutt
be at lealt three Foot, or three
Foot and an half high.

The noblefi Terraf} is very
deficrent without Shade; there
fore he recommends Elm-Tree: :
,For no Seat can be faid to be
compleat, where there is tht an
. immediate Shade, almol’t as lbon
as out of the Houfe ; and there-
fare thefe fhady Trees lhould be

T E
detach’d from, the Body and
Wings of the Edifice,

All Terrafl'e: fhould be plant-
ed with good 04%, or which is
of quicker Growrh, with Elm,
rather than the molt coltly Te'w,
or Holly that mull be always
Clipping. The Difiance of theft:
Elm: acrofs will be about tWen-
ty Foot; and they may be plac’d
thirty Foot afunder in the Lines.

7. TERRENE.

TER R E NE, earthy, or
compos’d of Earth.

8. TERRESTRIAL.

TE R R E s TR IA L, Earthy,
or that belongs to the Earth.

9. TETRAPETALOUS.

TE TR A PETALOUS‘
‘ Fleer, is one which is con‘p
pos’d of only four tingle F lowera
Leaves call’d Petala.

IO. THERMOMETER, or THER‘
moscope.

Thermometer, or Titermnf-
rope, is an Infirument com-
monly made of Glafs, fill’d
with tinged Spirit of Wine, or
forne other proper Liquor, des
fign’d to meafure the particular
Degree of Heat or Cold of any
particular Place ; or of the fame
Place at different Times and
Seafons.
At the Bottom of this Inl’trua
ment, there is a pretty large Ball

 

of Glals till’d with ating’d Lia
quor-; ‘out ot‘t‘nis Ball there fills
a‘ Ste-m»

TH

. a Stem or Tube perpendicular,
: about three or four Foot long :
' To adjuft the Degrees of which,
, the Ballmay be put into Water
when it is jult beginning to
a freeze; and having tobferv’d the
Height of the Spirit in the Stem,
make a Mark exaétly againit it,
and fo graduate it afterwards up
and down for Cold.

This lhews the feveral De-
grees of ‘Heat or Cold in our
Climate. f

The Thermometer, Which Mr.
Telende makes Ufe of, has a
Tube of about two Foot long,

and is about the eighth Part of

an Inch Diameter; and in this
he has remark’d, that the Air is
cold for his Plants when the
Spirit tiles to fifteen Inches; that
it is temperate at fixreen Inches
and a halt“; that the Air is warm
when it rii‘es to eighteen Inches;
and this is the Standard for his
Pine-Apple Hear, it is mark’d
for bot flir at twenty Inches,
and fit/fry bot at tWenry one In-
ches and a half. But in the com-
mon Eng/{,7} Thermometer: their:
Degrees are differently mark’d ;
his temperate Air is about our
warm, his warm Air our bot,
and our [mt Air is about the fame
as his fultry.

He is of Opinion, no Inflru—
ment can be more ufeful to Gar~
deners who manage Hot-beds or

Stoves, than Thermofiteterr, being,
regulated according to theft: Qty:
fetvations : And th‘érefore he his
_ ireéted form: to be madei'fo‘r"

d
Lfiboth Hot-beds and Stoves, by
which a Pcrfori' may at once be
appriz’d of ”the Degree of Heat
under the £it§e,;and of the feve—

T H
ralD‘egrees diflinétly mark’d fo:
the natural Plants of every Cli‘
mate, from the Equinofiial Line
to the fifty fecond Degree of
Latitude.

He adds, That in thefe T 15er-
mometer: he will mark the
Names, and alfo the principal
Places, with their Degrees of
Latitude and Summer-Heat,
whether they lie North or South
of the Equitroftial Line, and al-
(‘0 the different Times of the
Spring in feveral Countries. He
mentions, that by this Men‘s
every Gardener may know when
it is proper to apply his Heat in
its full Force, and what Degree
of Heat ought to be ufed for the
Welfare of any Plant from any
Part of the World. And thefe
Infltuments, Perfons may be fur-
nilh’d With at Mr. 77.701711: Fair“
claild’s, at Hoxton.

Mr. Patrick fays, the Thermo-
meter fhews, by Infpeétion, the
prefent Condition of the ,Air,
and whether it be hot or cold;
which Day in Summer is the’
bottefl, and in the IJ/inter which
is wide/l, or any Part of the Day;
and from thence many ufeful
Experiments have and may be
made, viz. How much one
Spring exceeds another in Cold—
nefs; which Both: are the hot-
tell or coldeli ; and being held
in the Hand of a Perfon in a
Fever, or otherwife apply’d will
:iiicely ihew the Abatement or
‘Increafeof a Fever.

This Thermometer, here fpo-
ken 9f, he fays, has fix’d to it '
a Scale of ninety Degrees, which
are numbered from the Top
downwards, and alfo a move-

 

!
“JAE-

able Index fix’d to it. The De-'

fign of this is to ihew how the
Heat and Cold is chaug’d, from
the Time it was lait look’d on,
according to the different De-
grees of Heat and Cold in all
Latitudes ; as by the Tryal of
two Thermometer: that have been
regulated abroad, the one by
Dr. I‘Lzlley, in his late Southern
Voyage, and the other by Cap-
tain jolmflm, in a Voyage to
Green/and. The firft has a De-
gree of Heat under the Equi-
noétial Line, and the other a
Degree of Cold in eighty eight
Degrees Nort/o Latitude.

Thefe Initruments, the Baro-
meter, [{ygrometcr, and Thermo—
meter, are recommended as ufe—
ful to all Perfons concern’d in
IIorticrt/zfure, {996. The fitft difL
covers the Alterations of the Air,
as to wet or dry, efpecially if it
be accompanied with an Hygro-
mefer; which fee in Letter B,
and H: And the Tbermometer,
to thew the Condition of the Air,
as to Heat or Cold.

The Methodprcfcrib’d to be

us’d in keeping the Accounts or
Obfervarions made on the Al-
terations ofthefe Inflruments, is
that which was us’d by the Ho—
nourable Samuel [Wagner/X", Efq;
_ 1. There mutt be a Book for
the Remarks in all the tWCIVc
IVIonths of the Year, which are
to be made (ix Times every Day.
At thei‘e Times you muft ob-
ferve : r. How the Quickfilver
ril‘es or falls in the B.zrometer.

2. What is the Alteration of
the IIygromefer.

'3. 'How the Spirits in the
Thermometer rill: or fall.

 

T H

4. From what Point of the -
Compafs the Wind blows ; and
alfo with what Strength, accor- ..
ding to the neareft Guefs that ;

can be made.

5. Whether it rains, filOWS, .
hails, 69%. and in what Quan- -
tity.

Every Leaf of the Book is to
be divided into feveral Columns,
the firit for the Day of the
Month and the Week; the fe—
cond for the Number of Inches
and Parts of an Inch in the Tube
of the Barometer, where the
Quickfilver {lands at the Time
when the Ohi'ervation is made.

The Secoud is to be for mark-
ing the Degrees which the Index
of the Hmrometer points to, at
the fame Time.

The Third is for ihewing the
Number of Inches and Parts of
an Inch where the Spirits (land
in the Thermometer at the Time
when the Obfervation is made.

The Fourth is for marking
from what Point the Winds
blow, and their Strength.

The Fifth is for noting the
Quantity of Rain, 69%. that falls,
and what Dil‘polition the Clouds
and Air have.

Take, for Example, the fol-:

lowing AccOunt ot' the fecond
of 321m, 172. .

Edd/W,
J

 

31‘ H

- m a

g a

E g

g a.

£2 "a

‘ 91‘

Friday 3:02: 2.. .
172.1. I. P.
Morning at 9. =9 98
Noon. :9 98.
Afternoon at 3. 29 98
Afternoon at 6. 29 98
Evening at 9. 2.9 98
Midnight. 2 9- 98

 

ACCOrding to this Method, a
Weather-Book may be kept of
the Country 3 Perfon refides in;
and by comparing the MOtions
of the Quickfi/ver and S irit With
the Weather,- at fuc’h imes as
‘ the Obfervations are made, a
little Praétice will enable a Per-
fon to give a good Judgment be-
fore-hand what Weather will
happen.

1 r. MELON-THISTLE, or Ecm-
NOMELOCACTOS. See lVlE-
LON-THISTLE, under tine Lez-
ter M.

12. T/ae TORCH-THISTLE, or

CEREUS.

Varietier, and Dcfcription.]
W H I 8 Plant, Mr. Brad/e}!
fays, differs from any other
Tribe of Plants, in that it never
VOL.H.

TH

 

 

 

S E "l

::-;~< :-

70: Q \

:0 B

‘93 5 Wind. Wea«

3.5-? a, theta

I. 1"

240 30 Eat}. Brisk Cloudy

Gale.

2.60 28 Ball. Brisk
20 Gale, or Ditto. Ditto.

2.80 28 Ditto. Ditto.
zo ‘

300 27 L‘itto. Ditto.
no

315 28 Ditto. Ditto.
15 -.

320 28 Ditto. :L‘ii‘tto.

5 i

bears any Leaves. He tells us;
he has cultivated about feven
Sorts of 'it, beiidcs thofe Other
Kinds of Torch-like Plants,
which have milky Juice, and are
reckon’d of the Race of Euphor-
biumr.

He fays, the Torch-Tbg'flle:
are of two Sorts; fome that
grow upright to a good Height
without Support ; and thofe that
creep upon the Ground.

The creét or upright Kinds of
Tort]: - TIE/He: have generally
their Stems or Branches much
larger than thofe of the creeping
Kinds ; and the Spines upon
their Edres very firong, which
differ in their Length and Co-
lour as me Plants they belong to
are different; and the feveral
Kinds ofthis Plant in like Mam
ner differ in their Colour and

 

Number of Ribs or Angles.
Y The

TH

The Flowers of this Plant are

radiated with whiny]: Petals,

which do not open ’till the Fruit,
.upon which they (land, feems to
be full blown.

They never offer to put out
any Branches, fo long as their
firfl Stem can preferve its Top
from Damage; but as foon as
ever that is crop’d or injur’d,
they commonly put forth frefh
Shoots near the Place where it
was cut or broke ofi, about three
or four in Number, which grow
upright.

Way of Propagation] He fays
they may be eafily rais’d from
Cuttings, by cutting a Stem into
Pieces of fix Inches long; lay-
ing them in the Sun ’till their
Wounds are dry, and planting
them in Pots of light Earth, in the
IVIonth of May, which is the
belt Time, or in any of the Sum—
mer Months; and every Cutting
will foon take Root, if they be
kept dry ’till they take Root;
and then he advifes to take away
as much of the light Earth as
pofiible can be, and to put to
the Roots a Nlixture of the Rub-
biih of old VV'alls with about one
third Part of fandy Soil, and
l'ome linall Pieces of Free-lionc
among it :' And the Reafon, he
lays, .Why he does not advife to
plant them in this Mixture at
firft, is becaufe the Roots will
more readily form, theml‘clves in
the other Earth.-

When thefe Plants begin to
grow, they will put out little
Buttons near theirTops, which
will after produce to -many
Stems, except that Cutting only
which was the running Top of

 

 

T H

the Plant, and that will ih'oot‘
upright. When the little Stems
are grown to the Length of four
or five Inches, you may cut
them, dry them in the Sun, and
plant them like the others.

Sometimes, he fays, the great,

'upriglat Torch-Tbi/He Will conti-

nue growing in one Stem, ’till
it be near twenty Foot high,
without putting forth any Buds
but thofe that are for Bloffoms.
Soil, Es’c. ] He adds, That
this Plant will thrive better in a
plain, fandy Soil, than in the
Mixture he has prefcrib’d for the
others of this Tribe, and will
bear more Water in the Sum-
mer, and is not ('0 hard to be
kept as the others, and is eafy to
be preferv’d in the Greeiz-laozlfe.
The Creeping Kinds of Tort};—
T/yg'fller, he fays, have their Bran-
ches differently {hap’d ; and that
one Sort pretty common in E7:-
glami has triangular Branches,
and another has its Sprouts di-
vided into fix or feven Angles ;
and both of them have their
Edges adorn’d with finall tender
Spincs, fettogether in the Form
of Stars. As to the Flowers of’
the firl’r Sort, he fays, he had
never lien; but the latter has
bloilbm’d in England, which he
quellions whether it would have
done, had it not been by Acci-
dent, which was as follows ;
A large Plant of it flood near'
a plail‘tered Wall, and [truck its-
Roots into it; and dying at its
Roots Foot after, had for fome
Time no Nourifhment but the
Wall, and in that Condition
bore Flowers. The Bloflorns,

he lays; were very large, and

I radiated;

TH,

radiated fomething like the Sun-
flower; many of the Leaves of
a yellow Colour, and fome to-
‘wards the Middle, of a fair
white. This Flower grew upon
the Top of the Fruit, like thofe
of the Indian—Fig, and When it
Opened, was very well fcented,
but foon decay’d.

As for the Manner of Plant-
ing thefe Plants, he direéts, That
it be done as he has direéted for
the Planting of Aloer, upon a
little Rifing or Hill in the Mid—
dle of the Pot; becaufe they
can hardly bear Water. And
after they are planted, that they
{land abroad about twenty Days,
and be put in a Hot-Bed, or
elfe they will be apt to Ihrink.

During the Summer-Months,
you may now and then give
them a gentle Refrefhment ;' but
he thinks it not advifeable to
give them any Water from the
NIiddle of September ’till May ;
but to let them have the open
Air in the Summer ( efpecially
after Rain ) as much as you can
give them; becaufe it is that
they chiefly feed upon, as may
be gather’d by their putting out
long Fibres from. their Branches
at fuch Seafons.

He adds, That thefe Kind of
Plants come from thofe Parts of
America that are near the Equi:

 

TH

13. THLASPLI’S. See CANDY.
Tums.

t4. GLASTENBURY-THORN.

THE common Hiflory of the 1

- Glaflenbzzry—T/Jom, is, that it
was brought into England by
yofepb of flrimat/aea; being a
Staff of the Thorn-wood,- which
was fet in the Ground at Gig/ten-
dtflf)’, on Clarzflmafi-Day, Where
it immediately took Root, bud-
ded and bloffomed, and has con-'-
tinued to to do ever fince, upon
C/Jriflmt'afi-Day. This is the N0-
tion that fome fuperltitious Peo-
plehave of it, who el’teem it as
a Miracle, , But Mr. Bradley
tells us, That if it were true that
the firl‘t Plant of it did grow at
Glaflenbury from a plain Staff or
Twig, without Root or Branch,
yet there is no Miracle in it,
nay tho’ it {hould have been ta-
ken from the Tree fix Ivlonths'
before : For, that he himfelf has
often cultivated Plants in as bad
a Condition, which have been
taken from theTree [ix Months,
and notwithi’tanding, they have
grown very well ; nay, that
fome Stakes of 21 [Willow will
do the fame. '

That as to its always blo’fl‘om—
:31»? on C/arflmnft—Drzy, and the

’1

noétial Line, and therefcre areiiilt)“ftl‘9 only appearing. on that

not f0 hardy as fl/aer are, and ,

Day; it is the Nature of the

for that Reafon fhould not only‘gl’lant to begin Blotfoming in

be hous’d in ”Qatar, but fhouldi

December; but yet there is 110

be fct in warmer Places, andiMiracle in its Bloffoming then,
kept longer there than they arefit has no more in it than all

any where.

other Plants have, which are
brought from foreign Parts,
Y 2. _which

T H
which are always difpos’d to
bloffom at the Time of the natu-
ral Spring of the Climate from
whence they came, notwith-
flanding the Oppofition they
meet with from our Seafons.

And that it is very probable
that this Plant Was originally
brought from fome Climate
where the Spring is about Decem-
éer : And as for its Bloffomitlg
exaétly upon Clariflmaf: - Day,
the Mifiake of that is fufliciently
known ; for that the Plant being
now pretty well known, and
cultivated in divers Places, it is
found to be very apt to miflake
a Week or two in theTime of
its Bloi‘foming, according as the
Winter has been more fevere or
mild : And whereas it has fome-
times been in Blolibm the Be-
ginning ot‘ Septeméer, yet it has
not budded at other Times ’till
the Middle of yannary, tho’ it
feldom fails to flower about that
Seafon.

This Plant may be encreas’d
by grafting it on the lV/az‘ze-T/aorn
in [Haw/7. See Glaflen/mry—
Thom, in Letter G.

15. The THORN—APPLE.

HIS Plant is call’d the
'T/aorn—flpp/c from the Thor-
nincfs of its Fruit; and it is
call’d by the Botanifts Simmo-

5717074.
l)e/Zripfion.] Of this Plant
there are two Sorts, the greater
and the leller, which hit. llforz‘i-
mar dcfcribes thus : The greater
Sort ril‘es up with a llrong,
round Stalk, four or five Foot
high ; which is» branched at the

x

 

T H

Joints with large, dark green
Leaves, jagged about the Edges ;
at the Joints grow large, white
Flowers, in the Shape of a Bell ;
thefe are fue’ceeded by large,
round, green, prickly Heads,
which, when they are ripe, open
into three or four Parts, and are
full of Harri/b, flat Seeds.

The leiTer Sort differs from
the former, in that the Leaves
are finaller and fmooth, rent at
the Edges; and in that the Stalks
have no Branches ; the Flowers
alfo are finallcr, but more beau—
tiful ; the Heads lefs, but round—
er, and more hardy than the
others.

Monf. Liger thus defcribcs
this Plant : It bears large, broad
Leaves, of a dark green, and
pointed at the Top, which are
flattened to long Stalks; in the
Middle of thefe rifes a Stalk a-
bout a Foot and half high, about
the Thicknefs of a Finger, which
branches out into feveral Boughs,
each bearing a Flower in Shape
like :1 Pipe, and indented in fe-
veral Places. In the Cup ofthis
Flower grows a Chive faltened
to the lower Part of it, like 3
Nail ; this, in Time, becomes a
round Fruit, with little Points,
and divided into four Cells, full
ot‘tlat Seeds, in the Shape of a
Kidney.

Hwy of Propagation, 69:6. Mr.
J’Iorfimer fays, they are come
111011, and will grow any where;
are rais’d of seedy, and the Rom

of both die in W’inter.

Monf. Liger fays, It is an an—
nual Plant, fown thin in Alert/7;
requires to be fecur’d from the
hoary Frolls ; therefore as foon

as

TH

as it comes up, it fhould be c0-
vered with Glafl'es, or fome o-
ther convenient Covering. When
it is grown flrong enough to be
tranfplanted, it muf’t not be
pull’d up by the Roots, becaufe
that would too much retard its
Growth, but ihould be taken up
with the Spade; and as foon as
it is planted, it mull be watered,
and mutt be frequently watered
during the Summer, ’till the
Flower falls.

This Plant is proper for a
Border, either of a great or finall
Parterre, or it will do well in
Pots.

r6. THUNDER.

, MR. L’Clerk defines Thun-

der to be a rumbling Noz'fe
in tbe laiglvefl Region of tbe flir,
oewfiou’d b tlae fuddeu Inflamma—
tion of Exgalatiom. This he ex-
plains and accounts for, to the
Purpol'e following.

Belides thofe Vapours which
are rais’d by the Heat of the Sun
our of Water and moifi Places,
there are alfo a World of Parti-
cles which are carried off from
Sulphur, Bitumen, volatile Saltr,
and other Bodies of the like Na-
ture ; thefe Particles fly about in
the Air, either higher or lower,
according to the various De-
grees of their Le-uity or Gravity.
And thefe are thofe which are
by Naturalilis commonly call’d
Exhalatiom.

Since it is evident, that there
is a vaft Quantity of fulplmreou:
and bituminous Matter all over
the Surface of the Earth; and

alfo that both Plants and Ani-

 

 

TH

mals abound with volatile Saltr,
there is no Caufe why we fhould
wonder, that the Air is fill’d
with fuch Particles by the Heat
of the Sun.

Nor is it poflible, but that
they fhould be driven about all
over the Air ; but it is not to be
doubted but that they arife in
greatelt Plenty from dry, Sun.-
burnt Places, and hang there-
about. And hence it is eafy to
account for all thofe Meteors
which are inflamed in the Air.

In all aerial Fires there are
three Things obfervable :

1. That they are lighted With~
out any human Means, and by
fome invifible Way.

2. That they run about the
Air in various Figures.

3. That fome of them conti-
nue longer than others do ; but
yet they all of them vanilh in a
fhort Time.

In Order to make a Flame or
Spark appear, there is nothing
more that is neeeflary, than that
there {hould be fome Particle fo
whirl’d about in the Air, as to
call afide all the grofl'er Matter,
and play about in the molt fubtil
Part of the Air. Now there are
fome Matters which are apter to
be put into Motion than others ;
fuch as the Parts of Sulphur, Bi-
tumen, Nitre, {596. Therefore
when a fufficient Quantity of
Matter of thefe Kinds are gotten‘
together, it is no diflicult Matter
for one or two of thofe Particles
to be Whirl’d about by the Heat
of the Air; and when they are
once inflam’d, to fer Fire to all
the tell that are about-cit. As a
Confequenee or" which, it is ob

‘ Y 3 fervable,

. T H ,
fervablc, that thofe aerial Fires
are common in Summer, but
more rare in W’z’m‘er; and by
how much the Summer is the
horror, the more common fuch
Ti :3 are : And this fuflieiently
{a ws, that the Matter of fuch
Fires is rais’d and inflam’d by the
Heat of the Air, and the Impe-
tuoiity of its Motion.

' This may be demonflrated by
an. Experiment made by the Pre-
paration which Chymifis call
Aurum Fulmiuum. Gold being
diffolved in Aqua Raga/ix, and
precipitated With Oil Of Tartar,
the Dull which finks to the
Bottom, after it has been dry’d
gradually and without Fire, will
afterwards be fit’d by a moderate
Heat, and will go off with a
Noif‘e like that of a Musket dif-

This Experiment may alfo be
made at a lefs Erpence, and alfo
as effectually, by mixing three
Dri—rms of o}:lrf‘—i‘t‘tcr with one
Dram of Belay/1mg, and a Dram
and a half of“ Tin-:37", and beating
them to a very fine Powder:
This being done, the Powder
will take Fire as readily as the
flurum I'ulmiumzr ; but will not
give quite fo great a Crack.

Now if it be confider’d, that
the Particles of Nine, Sulphur,
and Tartar WhiCh flie in the Air,
are much finer than thofe of the
Compofition before — mention’d,
it is eafy to imagine, that they
~ may be fir’d by a moderate Heat
aloft in the Air, it" they be mix’d
according to the aforefaid Pro—
portion. ~

This Sort of Matter mull be
carried about the Air in various

 

T H
Figures, according as the Winds
blow, and as it is greater or let's
in Quantity; and according as it
takes Fire.

If the Fire begins at one End,
and burns gradually, it is called
a Lamp; but if a long Exhala-
tion takes Fire at once, it is
call’d a Dart : Sometimes thefe
Exhalations are hurried one Way
or other by the Stream of the
Air, While they are in Flame;
fometimes they continue in the
fame Place, and then they are
eall’d Beams; at other Times
the Clouds part, and the Sky
[cents to retire, which may be
caus’d by the Wind; and a
Flame will flafh out at this 0-
pening: When this happens, it
is call’d a Chafme.

When burning Exhalations
have lefs Sulphur in them (which
yields a paler Flame) than Nitre,
Bitumcu, or Tartar, they appear
as red as Blood. Tho’ this Sort
of Inflammation may appear either
by Night or Day, yet they will
be more plain to be feen in the
Night in the Abfence of the Sun,
the prevalent Sight of Which ob-
i'cures all other Light.

Thofe, which are commonly
eall’d Shooting Starr, are but
finall Exhalations in our Air,
and therefore are not properly
Stars.

Igm'r Futui [yaw/E £72 a Law
thorn, ”fill in a Wijp, 69%.] fecm
to confift of a more greafy EX-
halation. It is evident, that Oily
Snbfiances, tho’ they are eafily
lighted, yet they are not fpent f0
foon as thofe of Sulphur and
Nitre, , ‘

. Hence '

TH

Hence it may be learn ",d that
an fuch inflamed Exhalations
mutt neceffarily difappear foon,
becaufe the fubtil Matter, of
which they confitt, is foon fpent.
But as the Matter of them is not
all alike, fo their Continuance
is not exaétly the fame. We
may obferve, that a Flame which
is raifed out of various Materials,
will either lafl IOnger, or be ex-
tinguilhed fooner, according as
they are compos’d.

0i] mix’d with Bitumen, or
Sulphur, will flame longer than
if mix’d with Nitre.

From what has been faid, it

will be no difficult Matter to
conceive how Thunder is pro—
duc’d : For, the Experiment
fhews, that F lame, which throws
off the Air with great Violence,
fometimes occafions a great
Crack. And it being an eafy
IVIatter for Heterogeneous Parti-
cles to mix in great Quantities in
the upper Region of the Air, and
to be fct on Fire by a moderate
Heat; there is no Need to have
Recourfe to any thing elfe, to
explain the Caute of Thunder.
‘ As for the Noife of Thunder,
we may be fatisfied by all Expe-
riments, that it cannot be any
otherwife produc’d, than by a
fwift and vehement Explofion of
the Air, which is forced every
Way ; and the Motion of it be-
ing continued to our Ears, {hikes
the Tympana [ Drums ] of
them , and this caufes the Senfa—
tion we call Sound.

As to the Noife of Thunder, it
is alfo obfervable, that it founds
as if it pafl'ed through Arches,
and was broken varioufly. The

.T H

Reafon of it is, becaut‘e the
Flame is kindled among Clouds
that hang over one another, and
the agitated Air flies between
them. Thus it may be obferv’d,
that when a Gun is difcharged at
a good Diflance, the Inequalities
of the Ground do caufe it to
found to us with feveral repeated
and broken Reports.

It IS alfo plain, that the Flame
is the Caufe of Thunder, becaufe
mofi commonly the Flaih is feen
before the Crack is heard. There
is not indeed fuch a Difiance be-
tween the Firing of the Exhala-
tion, and the Concuflion of the
Air, as there is between the fee-
ing of the Flu/h, and the hearing
the Thunder. But the Reafon of
it is, That we fee any Thing as
it were in an Inflant : But
Sounds are convey’d to our Ears
by a fucceflive Motion of the
Air; and therefore more Time
is requir’d to'hear than to fee.

From what has been faid be-
fore, it appears, That Lightning
1': an enflum’d Exhulution, com-
pos’d of Sulphur and Nitre, or
fbme fueh flIutter, or of n Mixture
of jeweml Sort: together. The
Inflammation is fometimes with
a Noife, as in cloudy Weather,
and fometimes without, as 'in
clear, which caufes fome Va-
riety in it.

Sometimes it lightens without
Noife, which is, when the EX-
halation confifis of Matter fofter
than ordinary, which is not ['0
foon kindled. If it confifis only
of fuhohureour Particles, which
are a fofter Sort, they are not ['0
apt to fire all at once, nor giVe

 

the Air fuch a Concuflion, as
‘ Y 4 {hall

TH

(hall caufe us to hear the Noii'e
of it : But if there be many Par-
ticles of Nitre and Tartar min-
gled With the Szzlphur, the for-
men being harder, caufe the
Whole Exhalation to burfl at
once, with fuch Impetuoiity as
torrend the Air, and to make a
vaft Noife.

The Noife of T launder is more
diverfified in cloudy Weather,
becaufe the Air is varioufly re-
verberated from the Clouds to
us : But if there are no Clouds,
the Air flows thro’ the open
Spaces to our Ears more freely
and evenly : And it frequently
lightens in Fitch Weather with—
out Tlvrrzaggcr; becaufe the In-
flammation confiiis only of ful-
phurcom Particles; and on the
contrary, it often thunder: in
cloudy Weather without any
Lightening appearing vilibly; be-
caufe it is intercepted by the
Clouds.

Rain generally attends Thun-
der and nghteiring, either at the
fame Time or foon after : And
it frequently rains falter after a
Clap of Thunder; f0 that Rain
feems to be the Effeé‘t of Thun-
tier.

Thunderboltrj When it thun-
ders and lightens, there fome-
times falls a Thunderholt. This
Yhmza’erholt i: a mofl rapid Flame
that dart: am“ of the C loud: to the
Ground, andflriher through every
Thing that i: in in My. And
it is obfcrved to have the fol-
lowing peculiar Phtmomma.

I. That it oftener itrikes upon
hi h Places than low; as upon

pountains, Towers, Steeples,

Trees. {9’49

TH

2. That it fometimes burns
People’s Cloaths without hurt-
ing their Bodies.

3. That it fometimes breaks
their Bones, and at the fame
Time does not hurt their Flefh
or their Garment.

4. That it has melted or‘bro-
ken a Sword in a Scabbard with-
out hurting the Scabbard; and
on the contrary, has fometimes
burnt the Scabbard allover, and
at the fame Time done no Harm
to the Sword.

From thefe Confiderations we
may conclude, That a Thunder—
bolt is an Exhalation, which is
kindled of a fudden, and is copi-'
ous enough to be hurried down
to us by the Winds.

Thunderbolt; are moft com-
monly darted aflope through the
Air ; and this may be occaiion’d
by the Winds, which'feldom or
never blow downright. And it
is probable, that the Flame is
beaten down by the Wind, and
reaches the Ground before the
Matter of it is quite fpent.

And this may be the Reafon,
that for the mofi Part they {trike
upon high Places; for as they
fall obliquely thro’ the Air, they
often in their Way meet with
Mountains, Towers, fjc. And
the Reafon that the Force of
their Flame is very ditferent, is
probably from the Difference of
the Exhalations which form the
Thzmderho/t, the Bodies from
which they are colleéled being
fldphureom, bituminous or fix»
line; and from thence it may be,
that it fometimes burns Gar-
ments at the fame Time that it

 

'paffes

TH

pafles over the Bodies, Without
doing them any Harm.

Sometimes it penetrates the
lbft F lefh harmlefsly as to them,
and yet breaks the hard Bones;
as Gold and other Metals are
diffolv’d by Aqua Regalir, and
Aqua Fortis, and in the mean
Time the Paper {hall not be hurt
by them. And for the fame
Reafon it is, that a Sword may
be melted in a Scabbard, and yet
the Scabbard remain intire. And
to it would be, if they were both
laid together in Aqua Fortis : Be-
caufe the acute Parts of the
flqaa Forti: do not operate upon
foft Matter, the Particles of
which are branched, as they do
upon harder Bodies, into the
, Pores of which they infinuate
themfelves, and diffolve the
Contexture.

Again, Thunderbolt: are more
[common in Summer and Au-
tama, than they are in H’iater
and Spring, when they are very
rare ; for which, three Reafons
may be given. ‘

1. That the Cold, is ('0 great
in the upper Region of the Air
in lVirzter and Spring, that it will
not permit the Exhalations to
take Fire.

2. That the Exhalations are
fewer in thofe Seafons, becaufe
they are kept from afcending by
the Cold ; for they cannot arife
in any Quantity without a confi-
derable Heat.

3. The Air is ('0 fill’d with
Vapours and Clouds in the Win-
ter and Spring, that all Exhalati-
ons are dilated, and therefore
are not capable of being infla-
med. ,

T H
Alfo fome Places are more
obnoxious to Tbanderéolt: than
others; and they are fueh as fend
forth Plenty of Exhalations for
that Purpofe, and where they
are not eafily difpers’d by the
Winds. And thence in hotter
Countries, Where the Sun ex-
hales out of the Earth all that
can be exhal’d, Thunderbolts are:
more frequent than they are in
Climates that are colder: So
that in thofe Places which are
encompafs’d with high Moun-
tains where the Wind has not
Accefs to blow to freely, the
Exhalations are kept together,
and Thunderbolts are more com-
mon; but. in fpacious Plains,
which are as it were fwept by
the Winds, thefe Exhalations are
lhatter’d and blown about.

1 7. THURIFEROUS.

THURIFERO US fignifies
bearing or bringing Frank}:-
tea/2:.

x8. THYME.

Various SortL]
OF this Plant there are feveral

Sorts ; Mr. Bradley reckons
the Pot-Thyme, the Lemon-
Tbyme, and a Sort With 'varieo
gated Leaves, the Maflick Tbyme,
and the Illaram Syriacam, or
Cat-7byme.

lVay of Propagation] Mr.
Mortimer fays, Thyme is rais’d
by Seed, which is very fmall;
and thofe Plants or Stems of it,
that produce feveral rooted Slip:
and Suckers, are parted, to re-

 

plant into Borders, a Border of
which

T G
'which is a necefl-‘ary Ornament
in a Kitchin Garden.

Mr. Bradley fays, it is rais’d
from Seed, fown in Mare/a or
April ; or propagated from Slip:
planted in thofe Months, and
will grow any Where. It will
make very good Edgings, that
will lafi {even or eight Years.
That Maflick-Tbyme, and Mezrzzm
Syriacum, or Cat-Thyme, which
are frequently cultivated in
Gardens for the Sake of their
refrefhing Odour , mull be
planted in the warmefl: Parts of
the Garden ; and as for the C42:-
fIZyme, if it be in fmall Quanti-
ties, it muff be carefully defend-
ed from the Cats, who love to
eat it, and are intoxicated by it ;
but he lays, That he has made it
his Obfervation, that the Cat: do
not meddle with it, where it is
in great Quantities.

1 9. TOAD-F LAX.

Variom Seam]

HERE are of this Plant fe-

veral Sorts, which are de-
fcrib’d by lVIr. Mortimer as fol-
lOWS : The yellow flo-wer’d Toad-
Hax, whofe Roots are durable ;
for tho’ the Branches die in the
Writer, the Root will fend forth
new ones the Spring following.
The wild white flower’d Toad—
Flax, whofe Leaves are broader
than the common Flax, and
whofe Root will lafi many
Years. The fweet purple flow-
er’d Toaanlax, Whofe Root dies.
The Toad-Flax, Whofe Root
dies as foon as its Seed is ripe.
The yellow fio-wer’d Todd—Flax

T O
of Valencia; and the brown Todd-
Flax, With reddi/IJ Floads.

They come up dry, and need
but little Care in their Culture :
Thofefwhofe Roots do not die
in the Winter, ought to be fet
together; and the refi to be fet
with Seedlings in fome Places
open to the Sun.

They flower in yuly and Ad
gee/I, and the Seed is ripe foon
after.

20. TOBACCO.

MR. Mortimer fays, Tobacco
. is rais’d of Seed, which is
to be fown in a good,rwarm ‘
Soil, ihelter’d from the \Vinds.
The Seed], before they are fown,
are to be mingled with Alhes',
that they may be fown the more
equally. In England, it requires
to be rais’d in a Hot-bed. In
the Countries Where it grows,
when the Plants begin to appear,
they lay Boughs, or other fuch ‘
Things over them, to fhelter
them; and in the mean Time,
while it is grown to have four
or five Leaves, they prepare ano-
ther Place to tranfplant it into,
at two or three Foot Diftance
Plant from Plant. Once a
Month, they hough the Weeds
from about it. When it lofes
any thing of its Verdure, or be—
gins to droop, or is come to a
llrong Scent, it is ripe: Then
they cut it, and dry it in a Houfe
upon Poles. The Roots left in
the Ground produce another
Crop ; but not to good as the
flrfi.

 

Ml?

TO

Mr. Bra/lard, in a Letter to
(Mr. Bradley, informs him, That
the has recover’d feveral Fruit-
[Trees, as Dwarf-Applet, Cherries
rand Plums, alfo Caobager and
amber Garden—Ware, after both
iFruit and Plants had been blight—
zed and began to wither, by a
1 Water made With Tobacco-flour ;
:that he having watered the Trees
awith this Water, the Leaves and
lFruit began in a lhort Time to
irecover; and grow to their full
lPerfefiion. And as for thofe
:that he did not water with the
i Tobacco - ”fat”, he queflion’d
iwhether they would live to bear
sanother Year.

He adds, That he had expe-
zrienc’d the Benefit of this Water
:with great Succefs for two
TYears, and had found it to an-
lfwer beyond any thing elfe he
lhad made Ufe of.

That he took the Hint from a
'lMan who us’d to chew Tobacco,
iWhO by fpitting upon a Frog
rand Toad, defiroy’d them; and
ifrom thence he conjeélur’d it
I was a great Deflroyer of all
? Sorts of Vermin.

He infus’d fix or [even Pounds
:Of Toéacco (fin/é: in tWO Hog-
} {heads of Water; but more may
: be added as Occafion ferves.

TO this Mr. Bradley adds,
' That it has been a long Time
; praé‘tis’d with Succefs, to defiroy
1 thofe Infeé‘ts that infef‘t Plants,
iby firewing Toéacco-Dafl upon
1 them, and by making a Fumiga—
: tion of it under the Trees. And
i that he does not doubt but Wa—
l ter, in Which the Sta/k; ofToéacco
lhave been infus’d, will anfwer
l the End as well.

71‘ R‘
21. TOMENTUM.‘

T0 MENTUM is that fof‘t,

downy Subfiance, which
grows on the Tops of fome
Plants.

2.2. TRANSPLANTING TREES.

MR. Mortimer fpeaking of

F orel’t - Trees, fays, The
Trees 'which are belt to be re- .
moved, are the fmallefl Trees,
and thofe that have been tranf-
planted in Nurjerier, fj’c. But
as there are feveral Occafions'
for the Tranfplanting them
larger, he accounts Trees of
about fix and a half, or feven
Foot high, and five or fix Inches
in Circumference to be the belt
Size : But in Cafes of Neceflity,
Trees of very great Stature have
been remov’d.

To remove large Trees, Mr.
Evelyn propofes the following
Method: To make Choice of
Trees about the Bignefs of a
Man’s Thigh; to remove the
Earth from about them ; then to
cut through all the Side-Roots,
’till the Trees may be by Force
brought down on one Side; to
that the Tap-Roots may be con- _
veniently come at to be cut off
with the Ax : Then to redrefs
the Tree, and let it [land cover’d
with the Mould from which it
was loofened, ’till the next Year
or longer; and by that Time it
will have drawn new, tender
Roots fit for Tranfplanting,
when you may take it up at a fit
Seafon.

 

Or

T R‘

Or eli‘e you may, before the
hardefi F roits come on, make a
Trench about the Tree, as far
diftant from the Stem as you
judge fuflicient for the Root,
and dig it fo deep as almoft to
undermine it, by placing Blocks
and Quarters of Wood to bear
up the Earth. Then to fill the
Trench with Water, or at leai‘t
wet it fufliciently, unlefs the
Ground was Wet before. Hav-
ing done this, you are to let the
Tree [land ’till a hard Frofi
comes and binds the Earth firmly
to the Roots, and then tranfplant
it to the Place you defign for it.
The Pit you plant in it you may
preferve from being frozen, by
laying on it Store of warm Lit-
ter, and fo clofe the Mould the
better to the (haggling Fibres,
and place the Earth taken out of
the Pit about the Root of the
new planted Tree. But if the
Mould about the Root of the
Tree is too heavy to be remov’d
by any ordinary Force, it then
may be rais’d with aCrane or
' Gin.

The bell Times for Tranf-
planting all Trees, except H’ia-
ter-Greem, he accounts to be
either Oc‘lober or February : But
if the Soil be moifl, he prefers
.Marcb, that the Trees may not
Rand fobbing all the lViilter, to
chill their Roots. ’

Hc fays, he has tranfplanted
fome Sort of Trees at Midfum-
mar, after the Manner following.
He made Holes large enough to
contain the Roots of the Trees
to be tranfplanted, and pour’d
Water into the Holes, and then
threw in the Earth that had been

TR'

taken out of the Holes, ’till it .

became a meer foft Sludge or
Mud. Then the Trees being
taken up with as much of their

11-1 .a.

Roots as could be, and abated ;'

the Heads with the fame Caution,

he plung’d the Roots of the‘

Trees into the Mud, and left it

to itfelf, only that be watered it
every Day for two or three

Weeks: And that Trees thus .

planted at that Time , have
grown as well as thofe that had
been planted in Water.

77m common Kyle; of Tranf—
planting.

I. Trees mutt be planted v
deeper in Ground which is light, ,
than in that which is flrong ; but ~

{hallowefl of all in Clay Ground,

and never deeper than they grew '

As‘

before they were removed.
for the Depth, fix Inches may be
fufficient for the driefi, and two
or three for the moift. But
then they mufl be fupported
againfl the Winds, and alfo
{haded from the Heat of the Sun.
The moi} proper Way to fecure
them, may be by Stakes, and
railing a linall Hill about two
Foot thick, and four or five in
Diameter, about the Stem of the
Tree; and in Order to keep it
moiil, and prevent Weeds from
growing, cover the Hill with
Stones, Tiles, or mungy Straw.
But after they have lain {ome-
Time, they mull be taken away,
or cli‘c the Vermin, Snails and
Ini‘eels, which they produce and

u

harbour, will be apt to gnaw and «

injure the Bark 0f the Trees.

 

Ev cry

T R

Every Year you mull abate
L the Height of the Hills, ’till they
i are levelled to the tell of the
)Ground: And pull up the Weeds
43 if any grow about them, or elfe
:they will draw away the Heart
3 of the Soil, which lhould nourifll
.1 the Roots of the Trees.

Where Holes are digged for
:the planting of Trees, if the
3 Soil be Gravel or Sand, mix Clay
I With it ; but rather Earth, Loam
) or Mud with EartlJ, which are
lbetter, and fill the Holes again
vwith it. If it be a [it]? Clay,
2 trench it with Straw-Thatch Lit-
star, Wad—Stack Earth, 86. But
1 you mull take Care in planting
3 the Trees, that the Roots of
1 them do not touch any of thefe
lMiXtures, nor any Dung or
,' Turf ; but the Dung {hould be
i laid rather round upon the Sur-
iface of the Earth, and digged in
3 a little, and covered with Mould,
} to prevent it from being dry’d by
z the Sun.

You ought once a Year to
; dig about the Roots ofthe Trees,
: and dig down the Hills ; and
I when you do f0, you will find
L an Advantage in it.

. He direas, to plant in a warm
:moift Seafon, when the Air is
ferene, and the \Vind gentle and
3 weflcrét' ; but never when it
’- freezes or rains, or is milly ; be-
: caufe fuch Weather is apt to

mould and infeét the Room.

If you can avoid it, tranfplant
‘. no Trees after fli’ic/Jaelmaj}, ’till
.there has been fome Rain to
’ moiflen the Ground ; becaufe
:the Trees will rife with let's La-
;bour, and make better Roots 5

 

T K .
the Routs being apt to break
when the Ground is dry.

Large Trees may fooner be
tranfplanted in Otfloéer, than
fmaller.

Thofe Trees which haVe not
been tranfplanted before, or thofe
which have, mull have their
Roots abated, if they go deep,
or elfe you will be oblig’d to
plant them too deep; but you
mull fpare the finall fibrous .
Roots as much as you can, for
they are thofe which draw the
molt Nourilhment to the Trees.

When you take up Trees,
take up as much Earth about
their Roots as you can ; and ha-
ving made the Holes to plant
them in, let them lie open for
fome Time, for the Rain, Sun
and F roll to mellow the Earth
before the Trees are tranfplanted
into them.

When you take up Trees,
take Notice how the Roots
grow, and where you tranfplant
them, and difpofe them in the
fame Order. Spread the Roots
carefully, and plant the Tree to
the fame Afpeét that it grew
before.

In the Spring, you fliould rub
of the Side—Buds to give a
Check to the Exuberancy of the
Sap in the Branches, and to caufe
it to run up to the Head.

You mutt defend all .young
Trees from the Wind and Sun,
efpecially thofe that are of a ten-
der Kind, from the North and
Eafl Wind, ’till the Roots are
fixed, and they begin to lhoot:
This nor being obferv’d, has
been the Caufe of the perilhing

of

T R
ot‘moft Plantations in Summer-
Time. In the Winter, the
greateft Danger is more to be
feared from the Wet and Cold,

T R
If the Soil be good, you tranfla‘ 5'
plant them into, it is bell not to: ‘
head Timber-Trees at all, butmv
to thred them up to one fingler'

in COnjunétion one with ano-
ther, than from the molt fevere
Frofi alone. Trees lhould alfo
be defended from Cattle, and
efpecialiy from Sheep on Ac—
count of the Greafe of their
Wool, which is very prejudicial
to Trees, by their only rubbing
againll them.

To preferve Trees from WWII
and Cattle.

The bell Way is to impale
them with three or four Quarter—
Stakes, of a fuffieient Height,
fet either in the Form of a Tri-
angle or Quadrangle, and fallen-
ed one to another with lhort
Pieces above and below; and
you may flick Brambles in
them.

If you will be at the Charge,
you may pale them; and this
will not fret them, as other
Trees are apt to be that are only
flak’d and bufh’d.

But if the Trees are planted
where they are in no Danger
from Cattle, then a VVifp of
Straw ty’d about the Neck of a
Tree with aRope from the Neck
of the Tree, to preferve them
from gelling, and lightly firain’d
to a Hook or Peg in the Ground,
will be filfiicient to fecure them
againft the lit/21cm Blalts. And
the Winds that blow from other
Quarters feldom do much Mif—
chief. The Cords will laft ma-
ny Years, if they are well
pitch’d.

Bough; but if it be a bad Soil,l ‘
the Sap will feareely run f0. -
high 5 and in that Cafe it is bet-w

ter to head them; and when they

are {hot out, to reduce the Head.
to one fine fingle Branch; and:

for that Purpofe, you fhouldm
leave one of the molt upright: ,
and thriving Boughs ; and if the: ,
Top happens to die, or the Tree:-

meets with any Hurt from Cat--

tle, fo as to caufe it to breakrl
out on the Sides, which hinderS’

its GrOWth and Spring, then you:

lhould prune 'ofl' fome Shoots,-

and quicken a leading Shoot:

with a Knife, at fome Diflance‘ \

beneath where its Infirmity is.
But if in the Spring of the
Year it {hall appear to be in a!

very unlikely Condition, then

you may cut off all clofe to the
Ground, and expeét a new.
Shoot, which you lhould nurfe
up, by cutting away all fuper-
fluous Branches.

If you would not have a Tree
put forth Side-Branches, prune
them up in February and at Mid-
fzrmmer, when all the Sap is in

them ; cut of whatfoever Side-.

Branches it has put forth finee
Feéruary, and they Will fcarcely
ever fprout again.

The A/b-Tree, the U/almtt,‘
and Fifi-71V Trees mull not by any
Means be headed when they are

tranfplanted, efpecially the ”0114 ,

mm; and if there be Occafion
to lop off any of the Boughs, it

mould be done where they will:

 

be lealt expos’d to the Wet.-

whiel ,r

i T R

Which the Side-Boughs them to
be. And this ihould be done
late in the Sprig, as about the
latter End of ' ebruary or the
Beginning of Martin, that the
Bark may the fooner heal the
Wound.

Mr. Bradley gives us an Ac-
count of a new Method of
. Tranfplanting of Trees With
Safety, let them be of what Big-
nefs foever, either while they are
in Blofl‘om, or with Fruit upon
them.

The Holes for the Trees are
to be prepar’d before the Trees
are taken up, and the Earth
which comes out of the Holes
' is to be made very fine, and put
into large Tubs and mix’d with
Water, ’till it is about the Con-
fifience of thin Barter : Then
the Holes, in which the Trees
are to be planted, are to be
fill’d with this thus tempered
Earth, before the earthy Parts
have Time to fettle, or fall to
the Bottom.

The Advantage of this Me-
thod is, That Trees planted in
this Pap have their Roots imme-
diately inclofed and guarded
from the Air; and the Scafon
difpofing every Part of the Tree
for Growth and Shooting, it
will lofe but very little of its
Vigour ; if Care has been taken
of the Roots, in taking them out
of‘thc Ground, that but few of
them have been wounded; and
alfo that they have not been fuf—
fered to dry in their Carriage
from one Place to another.

He fays, that he faw the Ad- '

vantage of tranfplanti'ng Trees of
all Sorts in Summer at Mr. Se-

 

T R
cretary So/mfloam’s at fZ'-'witte‘nbiam,~
that by his Directions little
Hedge: of ten Foot high were,
with wonderful Succefs, remov-
ed in May, 1724»: and yuly, and-
that there was but very little
Sign of their having been re-
moved; and that there were large
Apple-Tree: and Pear-Tree: re-
mov’d, which grew in great ProfL
perity : And that there had been
efpecially Scotc/y-Fir—Tree: tranf—
planted out of a Nurfery, the
fame Summer, which was a
warm one, and they had ihot a«
bout a F oor before thofe that
were left in the Nurfery begun
to flit or move in their Shoots.
And befides, there was this
remarkable in this tranfplanting,
that the Heads of the Fir—Tree:
were left on them, which in all
Probability contributed to their
Growth. And notwithflanding.
it has been the common opinion,
that thefe Sort of Trees could
not be tranfplanted after they
were grown to any tolerable Big-
nefs ; yet thefe Trees were al~
molt thirty Foot high.
As for Elm-hedge: there was
a Necefiity for cutting or prun-
ing them, when they were twill:
planted, to put them into form; ~
and the Orchard Trees were
lopp’d that they might the more
conveniently be carried ; and yet
notwithftanding they produced
very good Fruit the next Year;
and probably would have pro-
duced much more, if all, or the,
greateft Part of their Branches
could have been left upon them.
She Succefs which attended
this manner of planting was an
Encouragement to many to fol—
low

TR

low the Example, and inconfi-
derately they praélifed with the
Pap in Winter, and ['0 their Ex-
peétations were frul‘trated.

For the Trees not being in
that growing State in the Win-
ter, that they were in the Sum-
mer, and neither had the Trees
that Draught, nor could the Tem-
per of the Air draw away the
extraordinary Wet from the
Roots, which was contained in
the Pap, and fo the Pap, which
was about the Root, ferved only
to chill and‘ rot the Root.

But as for fuch Trees which
are thus planted in the Summer,
they are then full of fluent Sap,
and their chief Refrefhment is
Water, which will not be fuf—
fered to remain too long about
them, either by their powerful
Spirit of Growth, or the Warmth
of the Air.

All Plants of the fmaller
Kinds, which are removed about
this Seafon, will (trike root in a
Day or two, if they be removed
with Care. And it is alfo high-
ly probable, that large Trees will
do the fame in a few Days;
whereas on the contrary the
Roots will not renew themfelves
in the Winter Months.

Mr. Bradley concludes, that
in Confideration of the Circu—
lation of Sap, it is as necelfary
to preferve the VelTels of Trees
as intire as in animal Bodies;
and therefore tranfplanting Trees
at that time it is no: at all pro-
per to cut ofi‘ any of the Bran-
ches, or wound any of the Vet'—
fels, if it can pofiibly be avoid-
ed, that the Sap may circulate
the “more freely, and that the

 

T R
Trees may be kept in better
Heart, till they have renewed
their Roots, which it is of abfo-
lute Neceflity to wound in
tranfplanting them. .

But as it cannot be avoided
but fome of the Roots 6f aTree,
nay and fome capital ones too,
mull be cut or wounded; he
thought it convenient to con-
trive to make a Plaifter of a
Mixture of Gums, to do over
the wounded Parts of the larger
Roots, and hinder the Air and
Wet from penetrating too much
into the Veffels of the Roots.
He alfo thinks it proper, if the
Root be very large, to mark the
Limb or Branch that correfponds
with it, in Order to cut it off
about a Fortnight, after to the
fame Proportion ; and to do it
over with the Plaifter, as the
Root had been before.

This Plaifiering the wounded
Parts of a Tree, is of great Ufe,
as well for bringing large and
vigorous Shoots, as preferving
the Tree from Canker or the
Rot; which will by little and
little attack it, if the Mixture
of Gums be not apply’d im-
mediately upon the Cutting off
of any Limb or Branch.

In removing Trees from one
Place to another, great Care
mutt be taken that the Roots do
not in the leaft grow dry; for
if they do, 3 Failure on the
Top of the Branches that do
correfpond with them, will foon
be perceiv’d, and it will require
Time to recover it, and more or
lefs according as the Failure is.

Mr. Bradley tells us, he has
met with 9. Preparation, with

which

T R A
which, if the Roots of alarge
Tree be anointed, it may lie out
of the Ground a Whole .Day in
the hottefl: Summer, and it Will
neither drop or flag a Leaf; and
tho’ common Soap will do for
two or three Sorts of Trees, yet
it does not agree with all, but is
apt to canker the Roots of many.

If Trees thus planted be large
or tall, they mull be fupported
with Stakes ; and as the Pap be-
gins to harden, you ought to
watch it carefully to prevent its
cracking, which it will do, if
you do not flit or break the TOp
of it a little with aSpade, and
pour a little frelh Water and
Earth over the Hole, and cover
it with fomething; green Turf
' is the belt, but Fem, {5%. may
ferve.

As for finall ones, as Curmm,
Goofeberrier, and fuch like, and
all flowering Shrubs, the princi—
pal Roots which happen to be cut,
while they are taking up, mull be
dreft with the Mixture of Gums ;
and then you mull plunge their
Roots immediately into a Vefl‘el
of \Vater, that they may be con-
vey’d the frefher to the Place,
where they are to be planted.
Then having the Holes made
ready, they are to be fill’d with
\Vatet and fine Earth well fiirt’d
together; and the Trees are to
be planted in the Pap, immedi-
ately filling up the Holes with
more Water and Earth.-

_ This Method of Tranfplant-
ing Currant and Gocfebcrria, he
fays, he has for feverai Years
prafiis’d in Illa}, 311726, 321/):
and Augufl ; and they never did
fail both to carry their Fruit and
V o 1.. II.

T R
ripen well the firil Year, and al-
[‘0 to grow with Vigour.

Thofe which are planted afa
ter this Manner, do not {land
in Need of being Watered after
they are once fettled, for they
prefently renew their Roots;
whereas thofe Trees, that are
traufplanted about the [Winter
Months, will do but very indif;
Fercntly for the fitft Year, and
fometimcs do not do it at all.-

Iffmall Plants are to be tranfa
planted to a Place at any confi-
derable Difiance, he recommends
the putting their Roots into
Bladders of Water or Earth and
Water mix’d to a Pap, which
maybe better; and being thus
fecur’d, they may be fafely car-
ried two or three Days Journey;

He adds, That by this Mc-
thod and the Aflifiance of the
prepared Gums, and alfo :1 vii2
cous Preparation, he has remov’d
Cherry-Treat, Nec‘Zariner, Peach;
Treat, Pear - Trees and ~P/um‘
Treer, with Fruit upon them,’
both green and ripe, fome 0F
which Trees had been train’d
againit Walls for more than fix
Years ; and tho’ they were con-
Vey’d and planted at above fifteen
Miles Dif‘tance, they grew per-
fe’e'tly well, and prefetv’d their
Fruit. By this Method Trees
may be remov’d with Safety from '
film to Azrgzzfl. . _

He adds, That in the Year
1723, he remov’d a Standard.
Plum-Tree at [Wale/2y, When it
was in full Bloiforn, in April;
and notwithfiand‘ing three prin’
cipal Reots were cut off, each
as thick as aMan’s Wri'fi, and

 

lalfo a proportionable Number of
Z Bourghs

T R

Boughs that correfponded with
them, the Tree grew, and had
Fruit upon it. But the Method
of Moving a Tree in this State

a little Dillance, differs very
much from the Removing aTree
with Fruit upon it.

In doing of this Work, thefe
three Dire€tions following ihould
be minded

Fir/l, Great Caution muft‘ be
11de in applying the Mixture of
Gums, viz. Not to ufe that
Kind of Mixture to a Stone-
Fruit Tree that is proper fora
Kerm’l Ot‘ Pippin-Fruit; and f0
on the contrary.

Secondly, Care mull be taken
to plailter the wounded Parts of
the great Roots, as foon as each
of them is got clear of the Earth.
And if the Trees are to be con-
vey’d to any great Dillance, the
Roots mull be anointed as foon
as pofllble can be with the wif-
com Preparation; becaufc they
will dry in a Minute or two in
hot Weather.

T/Jirdly, If the Soil the Trees
are to be planted in be a Clay,
you mull riot make the Holes
for the Trees in the Clay .- For
altho’ you ihould make them
twenty Foot wide, and fill them
with the bell lifted Earth and
Water, the Trees will decline
in the ll’z'atcr; tho’ they will
not fail if you plant them in the
Summer. See the Reafon Of this
in the Article Rammmla.

He adds, That he has, with
equal Suecefs, tranfplanted Elms
that were about thirty Foot high,
and there has been no Appear-
ance of their having been re-
mov’d; but their Leaves have

 

 

TR

feontinu’d green and bright, and

the Trees are at this Time in
Profperity, and have full Heads,
which aflord as much Shade
fince, as they did before their
Removal : And that he is fatif-
fy’d, that there is not 21 found
Tree in England, which is not
too heavy to be tranfplanted
from Place to Place, but may be
tranfplanted with as much Safety
as a Cabbage—Plant may.

But in Order to do this, there
mull be a due Time allow’d to
do it in ; and great Care mull be
taken. in uiing the Mixrures
and Preparations : And alfo
much Care mull be taken by
thofe that open the Roots; if
all which were carefully per-
fo'rm’d by a fuflicient Number.
of Hands, a Garden might be
complearly furniih’d with bear-
ing Trees of every Sort of Fruit,
and a Houfe encompafs’d with
a full- -grown VVood.

The Mixture of Gums for the
fe1e1alKi11ds 0t Trees, and the
efz'fi‘am Preparation, he fays, will
be prepared by Mr. Benjamin
[1”lsitmil, Gardener at Ifoxton.

:3. TRA NSPORTATION of
P L A N r s.

A, R. Bradley fays, In a fhort

Voyage they may be
brought without any Earth about
their Roors, if the ,Trees are of
any Subilance, as of an Inch or
an inch and half Diameter about
the Stem. But before they are
pack’d up, Care mui‘t be taken
that they are very clear from 1

Wet, or elfe there will be apt
to be a Ferment about their

1-
I".

TR

Bark, which will defiroy them~
And that he has known fome
Trees to have grown, after they
have been without Earth for ten
Months, and efpecially Orange-
Tree}.

And as to the Tranfportation
of fuch Plants that require Earth
to grow in, While they are in a
long Paliage, he cannot give bet-
ter Direétions than Mr. Cateréy
gave, in his Letter to Mr. Fair—
clyild. The Subfiance of which,
is to fend them in Tubs, and
not in Baskets, becaufe the Baf-
kers contribute much to their
Mifcarrying : And that thefe
Tubs be fet in the Ballal’t, which
_ keeps them moilt, and moderate-

ly warm. That when they fland

upon the Quarter-Deck, they are
apt _to be wet with Salt—Water;
and require the greatefi Ten-
dance from bad Weather, and
are apt to mil‘carry, notwith-
{landing the greatefi Care.

And as for Seedr, the fame
Pcrfon ufed to put them into the
Shell ofa Gourd, and feal them
up ; and being {'0 put up, he had
not known them to milcarry, in
feveral Parcels that he had fent
from New -E;2gland. AS for
another lVIethod of Tranfportiilg
Seed: ; fee the Article Seedr.

He adds, That Plants, which
are Natives of the hotter Cli—
mates, will thrive much better
with us, if they come to us in
grown Plants, than if they were

to be brought in the Seed.
TRIPETALOUS Plzmtr
are fuch whofe Flowers

confifi of three Leaves called
Fem/rt.

24. TRlPETALOUS.

 

T R
2.5. TRIP-MADAM.

RIP-MADAMis a Plant

us’d in Sallads in the Spring,
while it is young and tender ;
and is encreas’d either by Seedr,
Slip: or C uttiugr.

:6. TUBE-ROSE.

M R. Mortimer fays, the Stalks

of this Plant grow about
four Foot high, more or lefs.
That the ufual Way of Planting
them, is to do it in Pots of good
Earth, well mix’d with rotten
Dung, in the Month of Marc}: ;
and then to fet thefe Pots into
the Houfe ’tiIl flpril is pail,
They mull be kept dry ’till they
begin to fpindle, and then they
mull be watered, and fet into
the open Air; but the furefi
Way to have them early, is to
fet them into a Hot-Bed. When
they have done bIoWing, the
Pots are to be laid on their Sides,
to prevent Moifiure from com-
ing to the Roots, and that the
Plant may grow dry ; when the
Leaves are dry’d, they mul‘t be
taken out, and hung up in a dry
Place.

27. TUBEROSE.

TUB ER 0 SE or Tuberom
fignifies Knottinefs, or being
full of Knors or Bunches.

28. TUBE ROSITY.

UBER OSITT, a Bunch-t
ing out or Knottinefs.

T

 

Z ,2? i 9. Tum:-g

TU

29- TUBE Ros-E5, or TUBE-
noses.

. ‘ Definffiiam]
THIS Plant, Mr. Liger fays,
, is :1 Sort of [Iyacintb, Call’d
the Hyacinth”; Iidicm, and is
defcrib’d by him as follows :

This Plant, from its Root
lhoots forth feveral Leaves, a-
bout half at Foot long, [trait and
pointed at the End; from the
Midl’t of thefe Leaves grows a
'Stalk about the Thicknefs ofa
Finger, and three or four Foot
high, on the Top of this Stalk
grow lingle-leav’d Flowers, like
Lilies, and in the Shape of :1
.Pipe, notch’d in fix Places, and
refembling a Bell; at the Bot-
tom of the Flower grows a
Chive, which becomes a round-
ifh Fruit, full of Seeds, of the
fame Colour with the Fruit.

Propagation and Culture] The
Manner of Cultivating them, he
prefcribes as follows :

Tho’ the Tuécrofer are multi—
ply’d by Suckers, yet, he fays,
this is not to be praflis’d but in
hot Countries, fueh as Provence,
in France, and thofe Places from
which they were originally
brought; for that, tho’ they are
never to carefully manag’d, their
Stems'will neither grow fo high,
nor their Flowers be [‘0 nume—
rous or beautiful, as thofe that

 

are brought from Abroad. And
in Order to make Choice ofi
them, he gives the following!
Direetious : To pick out fuch‘l
as are large, and by feeling them ,
with the Thumb and Fore—finger
fuch as are firm ; and to run the.

TU

‘ Nail into the Side of the Roots,

and if the Pulp be not wlyite, to
reject them, and chufe thofe that
are to.

Then having fill’d Pots of a
middle Size, with two Thirds of
Mould, and one Third of
Kitchin — Garden Earth, well
mix’d together within two In-
ches of the Top; to fer the
Roots an Inch deep in the Earth,
and to fill up the ref: with pure
Mould to receive the Heat of
the Sun, which by this Means
will more ealily penetrate. This
is to be done the latter End of
February, or Beginning of Marcb ;
therefore, if we would have car-
ly Flowers, the Sun then not
being, in temperate Climates,
{‘trong enough to fet them on
Work, the Pots mufi be fet in
Hot—beds : After their great Heat
is over, thefe Pots are to be bu-
ried in the Hot—beds up to the
Brim, and then to be cover’d
with Glall'es ; and if the Wea-
ther be mild, and the Sun thine,
they may be permitted the Bene-
fit of the Sun through them; but
if the “feather be frofly or
cloudy, the Glalles mutt be co-
ver’d with Mats ; and they
lhould have a little W'ell ~water
given them now and then by
Dil'cretion. Thus they are to
fraud ’till the Air is grown
mild.

,If for all this, fome of the
Twain/L; do not llrike Root, re—
move them into a fecond Hot—
bed, that has difcharg’d its vehe—
ment Heat ; or place it in a
Heap of l‘lort'eotiung, moderatety

“’11 I'll] .
The"

TU

The Tuoerofer being thus rais’d,
you ought to fet them in the
Places moll- expos’d to the Sun,
fetting them on Benches under a
Wall, that they may have as
much Heat as poflible, by the
Reverberation of the Beams of
the Sun; and water them every
Day at Noon, with Water that
has flood ’till it is warm, in the
Sun. ‘

When they (hoot out their
Stems, and their Flowers begin
to appear upon their Tops, fup-
port them with Sticks {tuck at
the Foot of the Plants, and tie
the Plants to the Sticks.

You may plant Tuoerofc: in
Mar, to have them in Flower in
Autumn : Thefe mufi be planted
in the molt funny EXpofure, and
watered as the others.

This Plant is not to be rais’d
in the open Ground, in our
Climate; becaufe the Heat is not
fuffieient to make them grow as
they ought.

The Flowers of a Tuocrofe
blow fucceflively one after ano-
ther; for which Reafon it is a
long Time in Blolfom. The
Flowers are very odorifcrous,
and perfume the Places where
they are fet; and are more pro-
per to be for in Windows than
Parterres.

30. TUBERQUS PLANTS.
TUB EROUS Plam‘t, are
. l‘uch as are full of Bunches
Qt Knots. '

31. TL‘BL’LOCS.

UB UL OUS {ignifics hol—
_ low, like a Pipe,

TU

32., Tours.

Various Sorta]

R. Bradley divides Tulip:
into 'two Clafles ;_ the Pm-
coce Tulipr, or early Blowers ;
and the Serotim Tulip, or late
Blowers; and thcfe again may
be difiinguifh’d by their double
and fingle Flowers.

1. Then as to their Colourt,
they are diflinguifh’d into flgatex,
which grow lhorter than the Ba-
gater; the Flowers of thel‘e are
vein’d with two Colours.

2. Bagaz‘ex, which are the tal-
lefi Blowers, and are commonly
purple and white, marlzlcd.

3. Beazartx, which have four
Colours tending to yellow, and
red; of feveral Sorts. _

The Varieties of thefe are alfo
diflinguilh’d by the Names of
Cities, or fuch-like Charaéters.

Tulip; are ufnally efiecm’d for
the Beauty of their Colours, and
the Strength and Height of their
Flower-Stems, and that their
Flowers be of the Shape of an
Egg, without {harp Points on the
Top of their Peta/r ; and above
all, for their N ovclty_.

MonC Lz’ger dil’tinguifhcs them'
into the Early, the Meridional,
and the Backward; which are
alfo of different Colours; as,
l'ome Sorts are white, others are
red, others yellow, and ft) of the
tell. Belides, great Numbers of
Tulip: are variegated of different
Kinds, and are tliofe that are
molt elleem’d.

There are alfo fome of the
large Kinds, and Come that are
Dwarfs, l'ome that ave. "rear;

 

b
3 Leaves

TU

Leaves, and others that have
fmall ones.

0f tloe Beauty of TulipLJ He
fays, Fine Tulip: have common-
ly fix Leaves, three Without, and
three within ; and the latter
ought to be larger than the for-
mer.

Their Bottom ought to be
ptoportion’d to their Top, and
a flat Form is look’d upon to be
more beautiful than a lharp.

It is a good Sign when a Tu-
lip has its Form and Green of a
middling Bignefs; and alfo when
it has a requilite Largenel‘s.

When a Tulip opens with its
Leaves turn’d either inward or
outward, it is not el‘teem’d any
more than where its Leaves are
too fmall, or too thin : So that
a Tulip is not to be clteem’d,
tho’ it may appear fine at its flrll
Opening; you mull wait two
or three Days before you can
give a right Judgment of it.

A Tulip, the Cup of which is
leal‘t convex, is to be preferr’d
before one that is a great deal
fo.

Among thofe Tulipr that are
of the better Sort, thol'e are in
molt Efieem whol‘e Colours are
lu/lrour,‘ and appear like Suttiu;
or of a Flame—colour’d reel upon
a "white Ground ; thofe of dialer;
Colours, with Slmdz'ugr ; and the
yellow firip’d with grey.

It is very common, to take
great Notice of the Bottom of a
Tulip, becaul'e the Stripes which
arife from thence, are generally
of the finell Colours.

Every Colour in a Tulip,
which is not blended. conful'cdly,
and the Stripes are well I‘cpara»

I

 

T 'U
ted, looks agreeable to the Eye.
In Order to the Perfection of a
Tull , the Thrums lhould not
be yellow, but of a brown Colour.
As for the Chives, it matters not
how they are. ‘

Mr. Bradley fays, That the
belt Tulip: he has feen, Were in
Holland, and Flumlert; but he
believes, if We took the right
Way of managing them, we
might have as good as they.

0f Propagating them 5} Seed5.]
Monl‘. Liger direéts, to gather
the Seeds of Tulip: in Autumn;
and to low them from the Mid-
dle of Ofloéer, to the End of
November. And tho’ probably
they might fucceed, if fown in
the Spring, yet the Produétion
would be retarded, and the
Flowers would not be f0 fair.

Befides the natural Earth of
the Garden, he advifes, to take
Bed-mould and mix it with the
Earth; lay it on a Heap, and
lift it on the Bed delign’d for the
Tulip; let it not be above an
Inch thick, and take it even;
then low the Seeu’ as thin as
polfible : Then lift enough of
the fame Mixture over it as will
cover the Seed.

In [Wank the Seed will come
up ; and when you fee it appear,
you mul‘t weed them, and water
them in hot Weather; and they
ought to fland in the Seminary
two Y ears before they are re—
mov’d ; and after the firfl Stalks
are wither‘d, it maybe well to
flit frclh Mould upon the Bed
an Inch thick. ‘

The cultivating them as be-
fore directed, much forwards
their Flowering 5 but good

' Flowers

TU

Flowers are not to be expeéled
in lefs than five or fix Years.
Mr. Mortimer fays, the belt
Way to raife Variety of Tulzfr,
is to fave the Seed: when they
are ripe ; that is, when the Pods
begin to open at the Top, and
to cut them off With the Stalks
from the Root ; and to keep the
Pods upright, that the'Seed: do
not fall out of them ; then to fet
them in a funny Window, to
compleat the Ripening of them,
and to let them continue to ’till
about September or Ofioler at the
fartheft ; and then to feparate the
Seed from the Chafl“, and to fow
it in Boxes about half a Foot
deep, in one of the forcmen-
tion’d Months. Thefe Boxes
{hould be fill’d four Inches deep
with the fineft fifted Mould, that
can be procur’d, both light and
rich, and rather fitted in them,
than prefs’d down of an equal
Thicknefs: Sow the Seed: in
this at about half an Inch one

fr U

He advifes, to take up the
Roots of each, every Year, ’rilI
they flower, as foon as their
Leaves are dry; and to keep-
them free from Moilture, and
alfo from being too dry, ’till the
latter End of flugufl ; and then
to l‘et them again at wider Dif-
fiances.

The third Year they may pro-
bably produce two Leaves, and
if they do, they will flower; and
after the firfl Year they may be
fet in a deeper Soil, and richer
Earth. They will thrive belt
in a rich Soil ; but Will flower
belt in a barren one : You mull,
for fame Time, obferve the
Change of Soil for them.

Mr. Bradley, in Order to
taife fine Tulip, advifes, That
the Flower-Stem! be let to re-
main upon the Root, and it will
bring the Seeds to Perfeéh’on
about 3111)» ; and then, when the
Seed-Vefle/I begin to crack or
burfi open, it will be proper to

from another; then lift on fomeigather them, and to cut them

of the fame Earth over them, half
an Inch thick.

If the Seed be fown on Beds,
he advifes to empty them of their
Earth four Inches deep, laying
Tiles flat upbn the emptied Pla-
ces, and to lift fome of the finefl
Earth upon the Tiles, and order
the Seed as has been before di-
reéted, as to that in Boxes.

In [Wank you may water the
Seed! a little.

The belt Tulip to raife Seed of
is generally eflecm’d the Violet-
colour’d, firip’d with white; but
it mull not be fown 'on heavy
Land, ; ' "

 

clofe to the Ground in a dry,
Day, and lay them in a dry Place
’till Septeméer, Which is the pro-
perefl Time to fow them in ;
and if they are kept under Shel-
ter, they will come up the Spring
following.

The Roots will not be bigger
than Corns of ”flew: the firll
Year ; but after they have ap»
pear’d above Ground the fecOnd
Time, they may be taken up out
of the Pot or Cafe that they were
fown in, and be fawn or fprin—
kled over aBed of natural, well-
fifted, [eddy Soil, and then the
fame Earth {hould be fpread over

them to the Thicknefs of half an

Z 4 Inch ;

TU

Inch; This being done, you
may leave them to thcmfelves,
only every Year adding a C0-
vering of Earth, half an Inch
thick, ’till they begin to blow,
which will be about five or fix
Years after they were fown.

He adds, he has known many
fine Tulip; rais’d by this Me—
thod ; and that he once heard of
a large Bed of Seedling Tulips,
which were only of plain Co-
lours, without Variegations ; but
that he thinks probably might
happen from the Qualities of the
flowers from whom the Seed
Was procured. ,

But if it 'Ihould prove fo, yet
We need not defpair, for that he
fuppofes the Plainncfs of their
« Colour proceeds from a Strength
of Nature; it being certain,
that the Variegations of all
Flowers are the Effects of
VVeiknefs, and Want of Non—
riihment. .

For all thofe who have culti-
vated thofe Sorts ofTulip: which
are call’d Breeders, cannot but
know, they are of plain Colours,
and are aIWays large, tall blow-
ing Flowers; and from thefe
Breeder: commonly the Flowers
of the greatefi Value (for their
Stripes Sake) are produced ; one
of them (asethey term it) now
and then breaking into beautiful
Variegations, or Mixture of Co.—
lours.

And notwithfianding Garden—
ers do commonly reckon this
Alteration of Tulip: to be the
Ernst of C/szre; yet he is of
Opinion, that the two following
Obfervations will unfold the
Myftery. There is a Man, near

TU

Bruxeller, in Flanders, who is
110th for a little Spot of
Ground, in Which (as it is com-
monly reported) Breeding Tulips
change themfelves into fine w-
riegated Flowers , by fome
firange Virtue; infomuch, that
Roots are brought thither from
feveral Parts, to be educated and
brought up for the niceii Col-
leétions ; and Money is paid for
their Standing.

It is accounted a rare Thing
in that Spot of Ground, if the
firfi ‘Year after they have been
planted there, three in five do
not break into Stripes.

But he is of Opinion, that this
Alteration may be accounted for,
if the Soil be examined, which is
no more than common Rubbiih
fifted, or at leaf! not a twentieth
Part of it is natural Soil.

It is very evident, That fuch
a natured Soil mui’t of Neceffity
impoverifh the Roots which are
planted in it; and of Confe-
quence the Flowers mufi (fome
Way or other) {hew the Dii‘tem-
per of the Roots from which
they proceed.

And to continue the Variega-

tion, the thlipr are every Year .

taken out of the Ground, as
foon as they have done Blow-
ing ; for if they were let alone-
always to remain in the fame
Earth, they would ,in Time be-
come plain Flowers.

But the fecond Obfervation
that he has made, about the Stri-
ping of thefe Flowers, was in
the Garden of a Gentleman not
far from Lamina, who had plant~
Cd :1 Bed of Breeding Tit/1],.“-

 

and the Year after, when they
came

TU

came to blow, there was a fine
llrip’d Tulip at each Corner of
the Bed, when none of the o-
thers were alter’d in the lealt.
This, he conjeétures, happened
in that there were four Pyramid—
273w! growing at each Corner of
the Bed, which Team had ex-
haulled the natural Strength of
the Sap about them.

A Perfon being provided with
a good Colleélion of rare Flow-
ers; he give this Direétion for
Planting them.

Of tlae Soil] He fays, That
where he has feen the fineft Col-
leé'tions of Tulip, which is in
Holland, the Soil is naturally
famlv, and (as near as he can
guel‘s) about two Parts in three
of Sea Sand, and one Third of
Mark Earth. And that he has in
this Soil feen Tulip: of the Bag-
get Kind, which have blollom’d
about three Foot high ; and o-
ther Sorts proportionably.

Thole who are curious in
Holland, always obferve two
Things in Planting Tulips.

F irl’t, they plant all the for-
ward Blowers in a Bed together,
and when they plant the late
flowering Kinds, they place the
tallefi Sorts of them in the mid-

le Line of the Bed, and fer two
Rows of the {hortefi Blowers
on each Side of them.

The Time when they put
thefe Roots into the Ground, is
from the lafi “lock in Aagafl,

’till the End Of Septcml‘er, if the‘

“feather prove Fair ; nor do they,
after that, {land in Need of any
Shelter ”till the Flower-Buds ap-
pear, which is in .Marclv, and
then they require to be defended

 

T U

either with Mats or painted
Cloth firain’d upon Hoops, from
the Blights, and the fame Cover-
ing will ferve to ihelter» the
Flowers, when they are blown,
from the fcorching Heat of the
Sun, and from Rain, either of
which would foon fpoil the
Flowers.

They always take the Roots
out of the Ground as form as
their F lower—Stems begin to deo
cay, and dry them well, and lay
them up in Paper ’till the Plant-
ing Seafon comes again. ,

Mr. [Mortimer rays, That the
Roots of Tulip: do not want to
be watered; but when they be-
gin to flower, it is proper to
fhelter them with Tilts, efpeci-
ally at Nights, to skreen them
from the Sharpnefs of the F rolls.

You lhould alfo tie up to
finall Rods, which will jufl
reach to the Flowers, fuch as
hang their Heads.

As for thofe that are kept for
Seed, they {hould be fuch as are
large and firong, and the Bot-
toms either lalzte, plant, or purple,
and alfo clean three-edg’d ones.
Thefe ll‘lllli {land longer than the
tell, for the Ripening of their
Secdr; and as for the others,‘
when they drop their Leaves
you mull break oilC the Pods.

When the Stalks of Tulip: are
become dry and withered, they
mull be taken up every Year;
for at that Time the Roots lofe
their Fibres; but they lhould not
be taken up when the Sun lhines
too hor, eI'pecially thofe that are
valuable.

Every Sort ought to be laid
by itfelf, in Papers written upon,

that

TU

that there'may be no Confufion
when they are fer again. They
fhould be firi‘t laid in the Sun to
dry, and afterwards be put into
Boxes, and kept in a dry Room,
and fhould be examin’d once in
a Fortnight or three Weeks, to
fee if they do not begin to mould,
which they are apt to do, if they
are not now and then gently
air’d in the Sun ; and if they do
mould, it will fpoil the Roots.

If you find any of them fhri-
vell’d or crumpled, or feel foft,
it is a Token of their being in a
decaying Condition; in Order
to prevent which, you may lay
them up in My! dipt in Sal/er
Oil, and lay them Where the
Warmth of the Sun may jufl
reach them. '

About the End of Augufl, you
may put them into the Ground,
and place about them fine
Mould, mix’d withWood-Alhes
and Soot. And you ought to
cover them with a Pot, to pre-
vent any Wet from fpoiling
them ’till the Fibres are put out,
which, if they do at all, they
will do by the latter End of Sep-
tember; and about that Time the
other Roots ihould be fet in the
fame Form and Manner ; and it
will be very well it‘ they may be
preferv’d from too much Moi—
{lute during the ll’imw—Seafon,
beeaufe the Sun then is not pow—
erful enough to dry them, and
fo the Frofls may caufe them to
rot and fpoil. .

Tulip; are fubjeé‘t to the Can-
ker: This may be difeovered by
their Leaves lying down, rolling
up and wrinkling. And in Or-
der to prevent the 'Et‘t‘eé‘ts of it

 

TU

from falling into the Root, you
may cut them ofl’.

If the Roots be taken up too
foon, they will grow withered
in two or three Days Time,
which if you perceive, you had
bell lay them in the Ground,
where no Rain can fall upon
them for (even or eight Days ;
and when you find they have re-
covered, being grown clofe and
firm, lay them up, and put fome
dry Earth over them, and they
Will keep well.

It‘ the Bulbs are taken up in ,

dry Weather, you fliould put
them in Boxes, and cover them
with dry Earth, that they may
not dry too foon, but flowly by
Degrees: Set the Boxes in a
dry Room, and the Earth about
them will be dry in three Weeks
or a Month ; then take it away,
leaving the Bulbs, and then they
will be in a Condition to be kept

’till it is Time to tranfplant them.

If the Earth, into which they are
to be tranl‘planted, be dung’d at
all, he advifes, to dung it with
Nears-Dung that has lain ’till it
be rotten. '

He recommends two. Parts of
Nears Dung, two Parts of frcfh
Earth, and two Parts of Sea~
Sand, or, if that be not to be
had, Brook—Sand may ferve as
the bei‘t Compofition, if the Earth
be not naturally light enough
for them. Thefe {honld be all
well mix’d together, and turn’d
up, before it be laid on the Tali;
Bed.

In Order to make them hold
long in I’lower, he advil‘es, to
{helrer them from the Sun and
Rain; but then you mull take

’ Care

v.3!

TU

fCarc to uncover them again,
when they have fhed their Flow-
ners, that both Sun and Rain may
,dcome at them, becaufe the Roots
grow moifi at that Time, and
«have Occafion for the greatefl
FRefrelhing.

11: to Tulip Bulbs. ] Monf.
ILiger fuppofing the Parts
(of a Parterre, or Beds defign’d
for them , to be provided
with the compound Earth, as
he has direéted, and laid in the
Term of a Carp’s Back, ad-
vifes, to prepare the Ground ac-
»cording as he has directed for
Eflm’moner, and to plant the
éBulbs upon the Corner of each
iSquare, about three Inches deep,
iproviding it well with Earth on
lall Sides. The Time he recom-
mends, is from the Middle of
Wflober, to the End of Decem-
35”.

As foon as the Bulbs are put
rinto the Ground, they ought to
we defended from the Frofls, by
:aeing cover’d with large Straw,
:ar dryld Dung; but they mull
35c uncover’d agzin when the
'Froil is over.

When the Bulbs are perceiv’d
:to (boot in the Month of Marc/.7,
f the Seafon permits, they fhould
:)e watered, if it has not rained :
They mull alfo be weeded.

i He fays, Bulbs of Tufipr are
not to remain in the Earth more
than one Year, but mull then be
seemov’d; taking them up with a
:Eiifplanting Grove thruii into the
Ground at a convenient Dil‘tance
From the Bulb, ‘and a little be-
fow the Fibres, that it may be
:lone without wounding them ;
and feparate the Earth from
:hem. ' ~

TU

Tulip: are to be remov’d as-
foon as the Stalks are withet’d ;
when they are clean’d, lay them
in an open Place, butnot where
the Sun may come at them, for
the Roms are f0 tender, that
they will be apt to be dry’d too
much by the leaft Heat. And do
not lay them one upon another,
becaufe the undermoft will be
apt to be heated. -

When the Time of Planting
comes, you mull feparate the
Suckerr, and plant them accord-
ing to Direction; and alfo’the

Sucker; in the fame Earth as the

Bulb it felf.

OfIIJe Sucker: of Tulip:.] The
Sucker: of Tulip: are not planted
for the Ornament of a Garden,
but only for Propagating the
Kind: However, you may plant
them in Rows at five ‘Inches
Difiance, and two Inches deep ;
cover them neatly, and order
them as the Bulbs.

Some fay thefe are to fland
two Years before they are re-
mov’d, and others three Years;
becaufe, the firfl Year they only
fprout, the fecond they multi-

 

ply, and the third they acquire
Difpofitions proper to produce
Flowers.

To prevent thefe Sucker: from'
growing dry, from the Time
that they are feparated from their
Bulbs ’till they are planted, you
may lay them in Mofi in an open
Place, and then they will thrive
wonderfully after they are plant-
ed.

Tulip: in Parterres are mix’d
with Hyacinth; and Narcifm’r,
efpecially in a large Garden:

 

Nor is there f0 much Regard had

that

TU

that’they be the molt beautiful
Flowers, as to the Variety of
their Colours.

Remark: concerning BREEDING-
T U L 1 p s.

A: to tlae Breaking, or Striping
of T 1112191.] Mr. Bradley would
have thefe Things obferv’d :

I. That Tulipr do not pre-
ferve their Roots two Years to-
gether; but that the Root that
was taken out of the Ground
one Year, is quite loft the next,
in the Flower, Lea'zrer, Seed and
Stem: And that theJuiees, which
circulate through there Parts, are
framing a freih Root, bordering
upon the Place where the firfi
was, while thefe Parts are grow-
ing, and by that Means diminilh-
ing the Root they l‘pring from :
So that by that Time the Plant
has performed its Summer’s
Work, there does not remain
any old Root at all; but the
Flower-Stem adheres to the
Side of the new made Root.
That this Root is new, you may
be certain, becaufe the Stalks
fiand on the Outfide of it; for
the Flower-Stalk always comes
out from the Middle of the Root
that was planted.

While a Tall]; is under its fe~
veral Degrees of Growrh, from
the very full of its putting forth
the Leaf, the Root is daily de-
clining, and a new Root is
forming it felt, and every Day
increafing; and by that Time
the Flower and Seed is fully
perfected, the old Root is walled
wholly, and the new one com—
pleated fully.

 

T U

He adds, that he difeover’dl
this, by taking up feveral Roots i
of Tulip: in different Degrees of ii
Growrh ; and obferv’d, that in 1
Proportion to the Times they'
feverally requir’d to pcrfeél their 4
Seed, as there was lefs or more ‘
of the old Root left, the new"
Roots were greater or fmaller.
Before the Flowers were co-
lour’d, the old Roots were but .:
half decay’d, and the Cloves on r
the Outfide of thofe Roots began :
to dry.

When the Plants were in full
Bloom, the Cloves which did
yet remain, were all inclining to
dry, and there were in the old
Root three, and fometimes but ‘
two in Number; and at that
Time the young Roots were ve-
ry firong.

And that While the Tnlipr
were in this State, he took up
large, red, Breeding Tulips, which
have black Bottoms, and 1'plit,
one of them through the Middle,
the better to explain the Matter,
:1 Delineation of which he gives
you on a Copper-Plate, with an
Explieation, in his general Trea—
tife for April and A14}, printed
in the Year 1724.

If you fplit the Flower—Stein
of a Tit/2p, you will find a great
Number of Vefl‘els running thro’ ‘
the Stem ’till they arrive at the
Flower, which then are braneh’d .
into the Peta/r, or Flower-*-
Lcarzrer, and do dil‘tribute the,
Nourifhment into the thymine,
Apirer and Pi/lillnm ot‘ the
Flower ; but Where the Pom/r,
are fer on, the Stalk becomes.
larger, and the SubfianCe of it-

' ' is

TU

E is much harder than it is in other

i Parts.

Again, If you examine a

' whole Tulip-Plant while it is in

~v v-c u. v r'.F.

Flower, firli cutting the Stalk
Horizontally , within an Inch
of the Root, you will find that
the Sap Vefrels are fet together
much clofer there than they are

towards the Top of the Stem :

. As thefe Veifels rife from the

I Root,

they branch themfelves

: into the Leaves, which grow
' upon the feveral Parts of the
;. Stalk.

From thefe Obfervations, he
draws the following Inferences:
i. That the Flower-Stem, the
Learn, the Flower and the Seed,

are all perfected from that very

Root that is put into the Ground,
only as the Soil is more or Iefs
faVourable to the Tzrlz'p-Plant,
thofe Parts grow more or leis
luxuriant; the Tulip receiving
its Nourilhment from the Soil,
by taking it in by the Fibres.

2. That it appears plain, that

'the Sap circulates through the
'Whole, by the \Vafiing of the

old Root, and Growth of the
new Root, they both correfpond—
ing immediately with the Flower-
Stem ; for the new Root has no
Fibres to take in Nourifhment
from the Earth, and {o to make
it grow; and therefore it cannot
be nourilh’d any other \Vay than
from forne V'elfels in the Stem,
by the returning of the Sap,
which goes up from the old
Root ; and as the new Root is

aconfiantly growing, fo the Sap
:muft be conllantly returning ;
g for if the new Root were nou-
: tilh’d only at fetTimes, it would

T U
in the Intervals lofe what it
gain’d at thofe Times in which
it did receive its Nourilhment;
but the contrary of this" is found
by Experience; .

3. This new Root keeps
growing ’till the Flower and
Seed is come to Perfeélion, and
then the old Root is become.
quite decay’d; the Flower-Stalk
grows dry, and is feparated from
the new Root without Difficulty,
which cannot be done While the
Stalk is green, and the Juices
continue to flow in it. ‘

4. It ought to be obferv’d,

'that the Change or Alteration

in the Stripes, of the Flower,
are to be expeéted from the
new Root; and tho’ a R00:
planted in the Ground for Blow-
ing this Year, fhould produce a
plain Flower; yet the Parts that
are fram’d in the new Root may
be to modell’d, as the next Year
to bring its Flower into Stripes ;
and this may be efleéted by the
Want of Nourilhment; as by
Plantng it in Brick, Lime, or
510%: -R uébi/b.

‘For this Reafon, when plain
Tulip; are planted in the Rabbi/b-
Soil, to caufe them to break into
Colours, you lhould not expeét
to fee any Alteration the firl‘t
Year; becaufe the new Roots
which are form’d in the Rabbi/l)-
.Soil, are thofe that mufl blow,
to lhew the Efieét of Planting in
fuch a Soil. The Properties of
the old Roots were fix’d in them
before they were put into the
Ground, and f0 could not admit
of any Alteration, but of Blow—
ing lower or taller, as they re-

 

,Ceiv’d lel's or more Noutilhment

\ from

TU

from the Soil in which they
were planted, in Order to Blow-
ln .

gBut it may (‘0 happen, that
fome of the Tulip-Roots, that
Were planted in September, may
bring flrip’d Bloifoms the Year
foilowing; but then there is
good Reafon to think, that thofe
Stripes were regulated in the
Roots which were made the pre-
ceding Year.

It is worth obferving, That
fome Tulip: that have been al-
ready drake, or have come to
firipe, do one Year abound in
the dark Colours, and come
finely mark’d the next Year; as
the Vulcuu- Tulip does. He
therefore is of Opinion, that
while Tulipr blow with a very
large Share of the dark Colours,
the new Roots have imbib’d a
large Share of thofe Juices,
which will afford the brighter
Colours, and to on the contrary :
For he has obferv’d in thol‘e Tu-
lip; call’d Breeders, that the Mats
of Colours which is in their
Flowers before they break, is a
Compound of feveral Colours,
which when they come to break,
appear {imply in their Stripes;
and that thofe Breeder: cannot

break into any Stripe of Colour'

but what is either one or more
ofthofe Colours which make
up the compound Mafs, in their
plain Flowers.

In Demoni‘tration of this, he
inflanccs, for Example, the Bug-
get Primo, which is eileem’d as
One of the bell Sorts of Bren-l—
ing Tulips. This produces its
plain Bloiforns ot' a pale purple
Colour, in which is contain’d a

 

T U' _
large Share of -w/Jite, a moderate
Share of a deep Lake Colour,
and a fmall Share of blue. NoW'
thefe three Colours being rightly,‘
blended together will exactly.
make the Colour of the Bugget!‘
Primo. And when this Flower,
comes to break and (tripe, which i
proceeds from thefe Colours
being feparated, the Stripes arei
alWays ot‘thofe Colours which
made up the compound Colour,
in the pluiu Flower of that Sort.

When the Lake is quite alone,.
it fllCWS its Gaiety, when it is:»
mix’d with a large Share of1
while, it makes a Fla/b Colour;
when mix’d with a large Share.
of blue, it is much darker than
when the Lulee is quite alone;
the blue and white produces a-
Sky—Colour ; and fo the Stripes
will produce as much Varietyi
as can be made by mixing thefe.
Colours one with another, iu'
different Proportions.-

The Reafon thefe Colours do
thus feparate one from another,
feems to be from the Struélure
of the Veilels that are form’d in
the new Root ; fome being
form’d in fuch a Manner as to
receive only fuch Juices as will
yield one Colour, and others
fuch as will produce another
Colour 5 after the Manner of the
Veirels in Animal Bodies; fome
a white Liquor, as Milk in the
Breails; fome red, as Blood in
the Veins ; and fome fuch as is
of the Colour of Uriue.

From whence it appears as
plainly, that there are Veilels in
Plants for the circulating and

 

fecreting of Juices, as that there
Vclltls in Animals which
diltri~

d l' L‘

TU

diltribute and feparate the Juices
in every Part of their Bodies.

It likewife feems neceflary,
that this Circulation of Juices
Ihould be continued in Tulips,
’till it has perform’d all its 0113-
ces, viz. Perfeéting the F lower-
Stalk, the Leaves, and Flower,
{9%. for the better adapting the

_, new forming Root to the fame
Mode of Growth, and imprint-

. ing in it every natural Perfection
of the Original it took its Rife
from: Therefore, he fuppol‘es,
it is, that the new Roor conti-
nues growing all the while the
old one is performing its Offices,
that the Principles of every Part
may circulate through it.

Again, the Beau Regard, is a
Tulip, whofe purple Colour is

. much paler than the Begget Pri-
. mo, the Mafs of its Colour be-
{ ing compos’d of a very little
1 Share of blue, but a great Share
> of wlaire, and about the fame
r Quantity of the deep Lake Co-
1 tour as of the Hue. \Vhen this
2 Flower comes to firipe, it fhews
:the Colours (Teparately, which
i the pluz'u Flowers are compofed
'2 of, as the Bugger Primo did
; thofe of which it was compofed.
Alfo that Breediug Tulip call’d
Vau Porter, whofe plain Flowers
: are of a midi J purple Colour,
:thc Lake prevailing more than
the blue, and where the wlylte is
i lefs than the blue ; in this Sort
alfo you may expect the various
3 Colours which may be produc’d
:t from thefe three Colours, in
i: thofe that become firip’d.
As to the Tulip call’d the
‘2. great Dutc/J Breeder“, with the
e Huck at the Bottom, the plain

TU

Flowers of it are of a dirty rel
Colour, altho’ it is compos’d’ot'
two Colours, which when [Epa-
rate are as beautiful as can be
imagin’d, the red being of a car-
miue Colour, and the yellow fine,
like that of Gamboge; altho’ to-
gether they make this unpleafant
Mafs of Colour; but when theft:
Sort of Flowers (tripe, and are
fomewhat feparated,the Variega-
tions are extremely fine.

Again; as to the Tulip call'd
the Dun/9 red Breeder, with a
yellow Bottom, the Colour of it
is darker than that latt men-
tion’d; the Colours which com-
pofe the Mafs are fuch as make
the former, but there is a little
black intermix’d with the Colours
of the, latter; and when it breaks,
the Stripes of it partake only of
the Colours which are in the
Mafs, either fimple or com-
pounded, as the others do, which
have been mention’d before.

It has been alfo fornetimes
obferv’d, that when a F lower‘
breaks, the white is very prevail»
ing, being only fpotted here and
there with thofe other. Colours,
which were blended together in
the Mal‘s or" the common Breed—
er; from whence it is realbna-
ble to fuppofe, that the new
forming Root poffefl'es 'thol'e
Juices which make the darker
Colours, and will the next Year
lhew them in its Flower.

The Author aforefaid recom-
mends the following Methods,
to caufe the Colours to feparare
in pluiu Tulips, and produCe
thoi‘e Stripe: which are fo mucn
efleem’d.

 

L H:

TU

He fay 5, That it feems certain
to him, that the Colours of
Flowers circulate with their
Juices all over the Plants , this
he collects from the green Leaves
which, upon certain Occafions,
are now and then ting’d with
yellow, fiarlet, and other Colours,
which are only common to the
Stalks on which they are found.

, And that it is alfo evident, thefe
Colours, or their Rudiments, do
, likewife circulate thro’ the new

Root in fome Proportion; be-
caui‘e that Root does produce
Flowers which partake of the
fame Colours that the Flower
produc’d by the old Root does.

And he is of Opinion, that as
the V efftls that eorrefpond be-
tween the old Root and the
Flower, and from the Flower
to the new Root are all of them
in the Stem of the Flower; f0
if fome of them could be pinch’d
without wounding them all, or
the Sap could be [‘0 arrelied, as
that it could not circulate with
its wontcd Freedom; then by
fuch Checks the new forming
Root would be brought to fepa-
rate its Colours in fuch Manner
as to produce Stripes of thole
limple Colours, that did com
pole the compound Colour in
the Mafs.

VHc propofes one Way to do
this, which is by binding the
Flower-Stem pretty hard with
Packthread, a little before the
Flow er opens and thinks th1t
this Binding will either prefs or
11 ound the hSa—p '\ eflels [‘0 much
that it will preyent the Courle
of the Sap, and fo by that lVant

 

TU

the new forming Root will be :1
varied from the old Root.

Or if a few of them were cut).
by a fine Lancet, that probably ‘1
(might have a good Efi‘eét ;

but 3

he doubts whether they would

clofe or heal again.
thofe VefI'els he would have cut,

they lie jufi within the thin Skin 1'

As for 1

of the Flower - Stem; but his ,3

Thoughts are, that the molt fure a

Way is to pinch them with:

Packthread.

He adds, That whereas there :1

have been many Tryals made, to 1
alter the Colours and Properties 1
of Tulipr, they have all been in- -

efl'eé‘tual ;

as the Steeping the ‘

Roots in Liquors of feveral Co— 1

lours; and' putting Powders of

feveral Colours into the Cloves .

of the Roots ;
coloured Earth;

the Planting in ,a
and alfo the 1

drawing coloured Silks offeve- 1

ral Sorts through the Roots, to
{tripe their Flowers.

But as to 1

the Experiment he propolbs, that '

cannot hurt the Roors.

_ It is allb obfervable, that now
and then a Root is found form’d
upon the Flower-Stem an Inch
or two abox e the Ground, which
fecms to indicate that the Princi-
ples of all the P1rts 11 hich be-
long to 1 Tulip- -Pl nit, are in th 1t
IlOWer- Stem , and if the Sap
did not ci1culare throughout the
11 hole P 1:, thefe could nor be
all in that Part.

True—TREE.
PIE TIIIIIP'TII’C IS :1 N:l:i\'¢

of gin-mam, and grows in
Virginia and Curuliw; which

Mr.

T U

Mr. Bradley thus defcribes : The
Tulip—Tree will rife to as great~
a Height as any of our Timber-
Trees; its Leaves are fomewhat
like thofe of the Maple ; and its
Flowers grow at the Extremi-
ties of the Branches: They do
fome fmall Matter refemble a
Tulip; but, he thinks, not enough
to give Name to the Tree. The
Petals or F lower-Leaves are of
a yellow Colour, fomewhat va—
riegated with Vermilion : They
begin to open about jaly. The
Fruit is like the Cones of the
Fir - Tree, and fucceeds the
Flowers; but does not come to
Perfeétion in England.

It being difficult to propagate
this Tree here by Layers; and
we having good Seeds of it from
Virginia and Carolina, he gives
us an Account of the Method of
Railing it from them.

He tells us, That the ingeni-
ous Mr. lldam Holt, having got-
ten fome of the Cones of the
Tulip-Tree, from Virginia, fow’d
fome of the Seed; in Aaga/l, in
Pots, and fer them under Shelter
all the Water; and they came
up the next Spring without the
Help of a Hot-Bed.

He adds, That he had often
try’d to raife them, by fowing
them in the Spriag, but could
not do it.

At two Years Growth, he
fays, the young Plants may be
tranfplanted into tingle Pots;
but mull be {helter’d in the [Via-
zer—Timc for the firfi nine Years ;
that they have obtain’d Strength
enough to refill the Severity of
our Frofls ; and then they may
be planted out into the natural

V o 1. II.

 

T U
Ground. And he rather recom-
mends a faady Soil, than any
other. ,

That it is a Plant of the
Wood, and therefore Will not
profper abroad in a more open
Expofure; and {hould be fer
among fuch Trees as are delign’d
for Groves. .

He fays, That he has known
that When it has been planted in
a more warm and open Ex-’
pofure, it has perifhed; Where;
as, being in its native Country
(Virginia) an Inhabitant of the
Woods, and in the Lord Peter-
aorougla’s Gardens, at Parfom~
Green, planted in a Wilder—
nefs, it flourifhes f0 well, that
it feems to know no Difference
between the Latitude of 52, and
38 : Therefore it is his Opinion,
That every Tree which is a Na-
tive of a Plain, fhould be planted
in a Plain ;' and every Tree that
is a Native of a W'oocl, in a
11/0051. ‘

He having fpoken of Roots
Grafiiag, fays, That he doubts
not but we have, by that Means,
an Opportunity of Propagating
many Sorts of Plants, which,
’till of late, Means have been
wanting to perform; and he
does not queflion but the Talipa'
Tree might be cncrcafed by it. ,

The firft Tree of this Kind
was brought from America intO'
Eaglaad, and bloflomed here,
is now growing in the Gardens
of the Lord Peterlaoraugb, near
Fill/9am, at Parfla’I-Greea : But
there is now another of them in‘
the Gardens of the Lord Pe'm-’
Make, at ”400%, in’ l/Vilt/bire’ :'
And it is faid, that there is an‘o-‘

, “A a the!"

_TU

ther, which bears Flowers, in
the Garden of Efq; yam, at
Waltbam-Aoaey. Mr. Darby, at
Hoxton, and Mr. Fairc/a’ild, are
faid to haverais’d fome Hun-
dreds of them from Seedr ; from
whence the chief Gardens abroad
have been fupply’d.

Mr. Bradley fays, he has feen
Tulip—Trees rais’d, by laying the
young Branches in the Earth.

34. TUNICLE.

UNIC L E, a little Mem-
brane, or membranous Coat,
covering any thing.

35. TURF.

R. Switzer fays, That

whereas molt Gardeners do
prefer the finer Sheep-[Valle Turf,
yet he rather recommends the
Turf of Paflarer; for that the
keep—[Vale Turf very often turns
mofly, and (‘0 is good for no-
thing ; but the luxurious Turf of
Pat/2m?! grows firong, and
maintains an excellent Verdare
and Carpet ;. and if a little more
Care than ordinary be taken in
mowing and rolling it, it is
much beyond the finelt S/Jeep-
ll’alk Turf that can be found.

Turf lhould be out about two
Inches thick, and efpecially if it
be cut either early in flataraa,
or late in the Spring : And great
Care ihould be taken to cut it
of an equal ThickneI'S.

In laying Tmf, Care ihould
be taken that it be well joyned,
that it be laid upon a middling
Mould, at lealt four Inches
thick , and it‘ it be furring Gra—

 

T U
ml or Saaa’, the Earth ought to
be fix, eight or ten Inches thick;
and if Part of it be aflrong, loamy
Clay, it will be the better, and
maintain its fine and natural
Verdun.

Mr. Laurence recommends
the Faring: of Turf taken off
the untry’d Earth, he {peaks of,
as an incomparable Soil for
Amendments, after it has been
laid on Heaps to r0t for two-

or three Years, and been often
flirted. ‘

36. TURGESCENCE.

URGESCENCE,a
Swelling up, or growing
big.

37. TURG‘In.

TUR G ID fignifies fwelling,
~ or growing big.

38. TURNEPS.

F this Root, NIr. Mortimer

reckons three Sorts: The
round, which is the molt com-
mon ; the loag, otherwife call’d
the narrow; and the yellow :
They delight in a warm, light,
mellow Ground, rather famly
than otherwil‘e, not requiring a
rich Mould.

Mr. Bradley fays, this Root
is always fweeter 111 a fandy Soil,
than any other Ground; and
will have larger Roots, if the
Land be fomething inclinable t0_
Loam.

Mr. [Mortimer fays, they are
[own at two Seafons of the
Year; in the Spring, and about

.Mid—

TU

Midfdmmer and after ; in April,

to have Trump: in Summer ; and
about Midfummer, that they may
be ready to improve by the Rains
in Autumn, which, he fays,
makes them much fweeter than
thofe that are fown in the
Spring.

Mr. Bradley faysr you may
fow Turnepr, from the Middle
of 17:11}, to the tenth of Augufl,
and not later, that the Roots
may have Time to apple before
Mater. ‘

He adds, That indeed it is
feldom praétis’d, to provide Tur-
ml): for the Summer; but he
fees no Reafon, being an excel-
lent Root, why We fhould not
have them all the Year. Thar
they may be fown in Spring as
well as Autumn; but that the
Planting them out from Seedling
Plants in the Spring and Sum-
mer Months will do much bet-
ter, as he has found by his own‘
Experience.

Mr. Mortimer fays, they mufl
be fown as flzallow as you Can;
for that thofe Roots that go but
alittle Way into the Ground
Will be the larger.

They mull alfo be fOWn thin;
for if they are fown too thick,
it will hinder their Growth:
When the Plants have two or
three Leaves a-piece, they fhould
be hough’d, leaving the Space of
about five or fix Inches between
the Plants. And if the over-
Fatnefs of the Ground, which
is a very great Injury to Turnep’r,
or too much Wet {hould caufe
them to run out into Leaf more
than into Root, you ihould
tread down the Leaves, and

VA

that Will make them root the
better. _

In Mater-Time, Tame}; be-
ing taken up before the great
Frofls hinder it, and having their
green Tops cut off, and being
laid in a Heap, Will keep a great
while ; but it is the belt Way to
cover them with Sand.

 

V A

1. VALERIAN;

. Defcriptim.] ‘ (
HIS Plant is defcrib’d

by Monf. Lz'ger, after

this Manner: It fhoots
forth flender Branches, about
three Foot high, Which are divi-
ded into feveral Boughs, adorn’d
with Leaves at equal Difiances,
of which fome are indented very
deep, and others are intire. At
the Top of thefe Boughs grow
fingle—leav’d Flowers, of a light
purple Colour, in the Shape of a
Pipe, and odoriferous, which refi
upon :1 Cup, which in Time be-
come an oblong Seed, almofl
folded and tufted.- ‘

Various Kinds. ] Mr. Bradley
fays, there are three Sorts of
Valeriam, which they diflinguifli
by the following Names, viz.
the Dodonarm, or red Valeriem ;.
this Plant is not of f0 long Du—-
ration as the. other two; blof-
foms about two Foot high, and
bears a great Number of fmall
reel Flowers; and 'when the

 

Root is broken, yields an agree;
A a a able‘

V A

able Scent. The Garden or
white Valerian, which bloiforns
about the fame Height With the
former, and bears Tufts of -wlaite
Flowers ; and its Root being
broken, is odoriferous, like the
firfi. The Greek Valerian, Which
blofi'oms about 21 Foot high, and
bears Flowers of a pale blue Co-
lour, in Bunches upon the Top
of its Flower-Stalk : This Sort
hath, fome of it, variegated
Leaves.

”74}! of Prong/mom] Thefe
all may be rais’d of Seedr, fown
in [Ware/y; which Mr. [Mortimer
lays, thould be kept moii’t : And
bloiTom much about the fame
Time of the Year; in May and
fitme, Mr. Bradley fays ; [Wm/“cl;
and flpril, and. molt of the Sum-
mer Months, l‘ays Mr. r’llortimer.

‘ The Greek Valerian is a fibrous
rooted Plant, and may be very
eafily encreas’d by S/ipr.

Monf. .Lz'ger fays, it is rais’d
in the fame Manner as he direéts
for the ()xe-Eye, 0r Brant/calmer;
which fee.

2. VAPORIFEROUS.

7' APORIFEROUS {igni-
fies caufing or producing
Vapours.

3. V’APOURS.

flPOURS are dcfin’d by

Naturalil‘ts to be thofe wa-
tery Particles which are fevered
from others by the Motion of
the Air, and are carried about in
it fever-ill \Vays; according as
the Wind, or \Varmnefs of the
Air fervcs, they rile out of the

 

V A
Sea, Rivers, Lakes, and other
Waters.

As to their hanging in the
Air, we may obferve, in a hot
Day, when there is no Wind
flirting, fueh a Company of
Vapours to rife out of moilt
Ground, as make thick Fogs,
which are fometimes higher, and
fornetimes lower, as the Multi-
tude and Motion of the Vapours
happens to be. They are to be
feen as well upon high Grounds
as low.

They are eafily diflipated by'
the Wind, and particularly if it
be a drying Wind.

The Sun has the fame Efleét
upon them; and we commonly
fee, 'whcn there are thick Fogs
about Sun-tiling, they difappear ,
a little after it is up.

It is evident, That Fogs do
confil‘t of Aqueous Particles,
rarefied, beeaufe they mightily
bedew every thing that lies open
to them. Thefe Particles, being
foundly moved, muft needs fly
aloft into the Air; but if their
Motion be fomething faint, they
play about the Surface of the
Earth. For this is agreeable to
the Laws of Motion, that fuch
Things as are about the Globe
of the Earth, the more they are
mov’d, the more they recede
from the Center of the Earth.

Again, thefe Fogs aril‘e out
of all Places mountainous or
champain, and continue ’till
they are difpell’d by Wind or
Heat ; but they continue longefi
in the lower Grounds, becaufe
thofe Places are fullefi of Moi-
fiure, and are not ['0 much ex—
pos‘d to the Winds : But

Wheres

V A
wherever they be, when the
Wind rifes upon them, they are
diflipated and driven about, ’till
we fee no more of them.

So, in like Manner, the Heat
of the Sun, by putting- them into
a brisket Motion, either diflipates
them by Rarefaétion, or raifes
them higher, and forms them in-
to Clouds.

And Whereas fometimes the
F ogs (link, it is not becaufe they
come from {linking Water ; but
becaufe the Vapours are mix’d
with fulphureous Exhalations,
which fmell (‘0. Perhaps thefe
Exhalations would fly up di-
reétly to the Clouds, if there
were no Fogs to hold them, and
{0 would not affect the Senfe of
Smelling; but when they are
once entangled and blended with
the Fog, they 130; as long as tint
does.

The Clouds are higher than
the Fogs ; they hang in the Air,
and are carried about in it by the
Winds. The Clouds are of
various Figures, and fometimes
{0 thin, that the Rays of the
Sun pafs thro’ them; but at other
Times they are thick enough to
intercept and obflruét them:
They alfo appear of feveral Co-
lours, as, white, red, and fome-
times very dark.

The Thicknefs of the Clouds
proceeds from the Clofenefs of
the vaporous Partigles one to
another ; and their Thinnefs
from the Dillance of thofe Par-
ticles one from another, of
which therexare feveral Caufes.
When they are very‘ thin, they
leave ['0 many Interliices, that
the Rays of the Sun dart thro’

 

 

VA

them in many Places, but are in.
tercepted in others.

As to the Varieties of the Fi-
gures of the Clouds, they arife
from their Plenty of Vapours,
and the Influence of the Sun
and Wind : For they cannot be
varioufly condens’d, rarefied and
carried about in the Air, but
their Figure mull needs be chan—
ged.

To account for the Clouds
hanging in the Air, is a Matter
of fome Difficulty.

All the watery Particles, of
which they confill, are heavier
than Air; and f0, if there were
nothing to hinder them, they
would fall to the Earth. But
there are two Things that feem
to keep them up.

1. The Winds which blow
from all Parts, under the Region
of the Clouds, and bear about
with them many lighter Sorts of
Bodies; efpecially if thofe Bo-
dies contain but a finall Quan-
tity of folid Matter under a
broad Superficies. And thus it
is vifible, how eafy Paper-Kim
are kept up by the Wind, when
they are mounted pretty high;
and fo the Particles of Water,
pretty much rarefied, may eafily
be fufpended at that Height.

2. New Exhalations and Va-
pours are perpetually fuming
out of the Earth, and by their
moving upwards, prevent the
Clouds from defcending, unlefs
the Denfity of the Clouds over-
weigh them, Thus we fee the
Vapour of Fire carries lighter
Bodies up the Chimney: And
Smoke can turn a thin Plate
of Iron, artfully placed in it,

' A a 3 f0

VA

f0 firongly, as to turn about a
Spit and roafi Meat.

It is a Qneltion among Na-
turaliiis, Whether Clouds and
thicker Fogs are compos’d alike?
Or Whether there be fomething
more in the Clouds ?

Some think that Clouds are
grofi‘er than all Fogs; and that
they are compos’d of Flakes of
Snow, rather than Particles of
Water, fnch as make F ogs.

Others fay, it is enough to
confider Clouds as a clofer Sort
of F ogs. And indeed the Fogs
that hang upon the Tops of very
high Hills, appear to People in
the Plains to be all one with
Clouds; tho’ thofe that are at
them, perceive nothing but a
thick Fog.

There being always many Va—
pours in the Air, tho’ not always
vifible, it comes to pafs, that
great Dews fall, even in clear
\Veather, and efpecially in thofe
Countries Where it Ieldom rains.
For when it happens, that the
feattered Vapours are collected
and condenfed together, and
forced downwards, they mull
needs fall, and bedew Plants and
Grafs.

The Time for the falling of
the Dew is either before the
Riling of the Sun, or after the
Setting of it. But in Order to
its falling regularly, at thofe
Times it is neceflary that the
Air be calm; for Windy or
fiormy Weather hinders it. But
when the \Vearher is calm, and
gentle Breezes are felt from the
life/I about the Time that the
Sun fets; and from the Eng/Z
about the Riling of it, it is pro-

 

VA

bablc they colleét the Vapoun,
and precipitate them, by modeé
rarely cooling the Air. And
becaufe the Morning BreeZes are
more general than the Evening
ones, therefore the Evening
Dews fall only here and there ;
but the Morning ones feldom
fail to be univerfal.

It is likewife found by ExPe-
rience, That the Dews are more
copious in hotter Countries than
in cold; the Reafon of which
feems to be this ; That the Heat
of the Sun does, in the Day~time,
raife abundance of Vapours out
of the Water, which Vapours
are fo extremely rarefied by the
fame Heat, that they are difpers’d
far and Wide; but the Cool of
the Night brings them together
again, and condenfes them to that
Degree, that they fall to the
Ground, but not in fuch large
Drops as Rain does.

But in colder Countries, Where
there are frequent Rains, and the
Vapours are lefs rarefied, molt
of them come down in Rain,
and but a {mall Part turns to
Dew.

A certain Author fays, That
in fome of the hotter Climates,
the Earth is Without Rain for
fix or feven NIonths together,
and is every Summer—Seafon (0
much parch’d and dry’d, that
there is hardly any Moifture to
be found in it for three or four
Foot deep, and during that
Time, the Heats are to exceflive,
that without the refrefhing Dews
of the Nights ( which are there
very confiderable) the Plants
Inuit inevitably perifh ; for there
is no Moillute they can hive,

A at

V A

but from‘the Dews: And yet
that Moifiure fupports the Trees
and Plants in a flouriihing State.
Towards the End of the Day,
the Leaves contraét themfelves,
by Reafon of the exceflive Heat
of the Sun; bui by the falling
of the Dews at‘ Night, they ex-
pand and open themfelves; ('0
that in the Morning and Fore-
part of the Day they have a molt
agreeable Verdare. And alfo
this Moifiure of the Dews af-
fords fufficient Nourilhment to
the Plants to bring the Fruits to
Perfeétion. .

This, Mr. Bradley fays, helps
very much to explain the Mo-
tion or Circulation of the Sap.

4. VARIEGATED.

V11 R IEGATED fignifies
fireakcd or diverlified With
feveral Colours.

5. VARIEGATION of PLANTS.

T H E variegated common

yefl‘amine, or flrip’d Sort be-
ing inarch’d or inoculated either
into the plain common Sort, or
the Spam/l] yeflamine, or the In—
dian 0r Brazil Kinds ; the Ma—
lignity which caufes the Wlaite-
nef: in the Leaves of the firft,
mixes itfelf in fueh a Manner
with the Juices of the Plants it is
ingrafted with, that their Leaves
become infected, and ting’d in
tome Places with the wlaize Co-
lour. ' '

' Or if a Bud of the rvariegated
Sort be put into a plain yefl‘a-
‘ mine, ten or twelve Foot above
the Ground, the Poifon will

VA

reach the Branches nexr the
Root, as well as thofe that are
above it, at a greater Difiance;
and alfo it has the fame EfieEt
upon the Emr- green Sorts.
Thefe Things feem to Mr. Brad-
ley to be a plain Demonl’tration
of the Circulation of the Sap.

There are three Sorts of V -
negation: or Stripe: in Plants :
That which lhews it felf in yel-
low Spots here and there in the
Leaves of Plants, feems to have
the leal’c Share of Difiemper in
it ; but wlaz'te is a fure Sign of
Weaknefs and Diftemper ; to
that two Leaves are never mark’d
exaétly in the fame Manner:
This is call’d, by Gardeners, the
yellow Bloach, or Blotch.

The fecond is the white
Bloach; this commonly marks
the Leaves of Plants with a
great Number of Spots or Stripes;
and thofe are the wlaz'te/l that lie
next to the Surface of the Leaves,
and are molt commonly accom-
panied with other Marks of a
greeni/IJ w/aite, which lie deeper
in the Body of the Leaves, even
in the Ramifications of the Sap-
Veffels; but then the woody
Part of the Plant is not 'variega-
ted in either of thefe Cafes.

It has been an Obfervation,
made by Mr. Fairrlaz'ld, that
where the Leaves of Plants are

flrz'p’a’ after this Manner, and

thew three or four Degrees of
Colour, there is fome Hopes of
its becoming an Edge, (as the
Gardeners call it) i. e. That it
will have its Leaves edg’d with
w/az'te, which is efteem’d the
molt beautiful Degree of Stri~

 

ping : And it has this in it that is
A34 we

VA

certain, that it will never again,
by any Means whatfoever, be
brought to produce plain green
Leaves.

In this Cafe, the Bark, Fruit
and Wood are always variega-
ted, as well as the Leaves : So
that when once the Leaves of
the Tree are edg’d with white,
the Dillemper has f0 powerfully
efiablilh’d it felt‘, that the molt
noble Parts of it are all ting’d
with the morbid Matter, without
any Pofllbility of removing it:
Nay even the very Fruit, its ge-
nerative Parts are infected; and
the Seed‘of it will produce Plants
which do partake more or lefs of
the Diitemper of the Mother-
Tree.

If Trees are bloach’d or
[ported only with yellow, or
white, it may be pofilble to re-
cover thofe Plants to their genu-
ine Verdure, by inarch‘ing them
into an healthful Stock of the
fame Species, letting the Stocks
fiand for a Year or two joined
with them ; and fo the Juices of
the firong Stocks will overpower
the Diftemper, and throw out
the vitiated Juices through the
Pores of the Leaves, which is :1
Sort of Tranfpiration. Tho’
however the firong Stocks may
{new fome Marks of the Diflem-
per, by partaking of the uncor-
reéted Juices of the variegated
Plant; but this is not always f0 :
For fometimes the‘natural Vi-
gour of the Stock isfo power-
ful, that you cannot prefently
difcover the Venom that it‘has
received from the Plant that is
joined with it. .

 

VA

He, by the way, makes men-
tion, that he has brought old,
decaying Trees to recover their
firft Vigour, by joining them
with healthful, vigorous Stocks.

Therefore, if you would com-
munieate the infected Juices in
any great abundance to any
Plants, in Order to make them
become flrip’d; the Method
now in Ufe is to bud or in-
arch them upon fuch' Stocks as
have their Leaves edg’d. A fin-.
gle Bud or Eye, being plac’d in
the Efeutcheon of a Tree that is
difiempered, where it can only
receive its Nouriihment from
the vitiated Juices, Will become
variegated proportionably to that
Nouriihment it draws, and will
partake more of the white or yel-
low Juice than if a Branch
Ihould be inarch’d ; becaufe the
Bud has nothing to nourifh it,
but the Juices of the Plant it is
inoculated upon. But if it be
inarch’d, the Cyon is fed both by
the flrzp’d Plant, and a vigorous
Plant, which caufes lefsflrz'ping.

Mr. Fairehz’ld has one Sort of
Wm, which has its Leaves finely
edg’d with white : And Mr.
Bradley does not doubt, but we
might tiar‘iegate Vine: as we
pleafe, by inoculating that into
fome other Sorts. Nir. Green-
hi1, of Putmy, has a Fig-Tree,
whofe Leaves are edg’d ; and he
thinks might be made to wrie-
gate others, by the fame Means.

He adds, the Method of in-
oculating of Plants is like the
Manner of inoculating the Small-
Pox in human Bodies. The
Bark of the Plant to be inocu~

, lated,

V A
lated, is Opened, ’till the flowing
juices, from thofe Veffels that
aét as. Veins, are difcovered :
And then the Bud with Part of
the Bark that joins to the Place
that has been opened, is apply’d :
But this mull be obferv’d, that
the Bark which joins to the Bud,
has thofe Parts With it, that (ac-
cording to the Rules of Nature)
ought to be placed to what he
calls the Veins of a Tree : And
then it is bound on, and left
remaining ’till it begins to grow.

If the Directions before be
obferv’d, it will be found that
the Plants or Cyons will partake
of the flnp’d Colours or Varie-
gatiom. And from thefe Obfer-
varions it appears, that the Sap
circulates in Plants, as the Blood
circulates in Animal
See the Articles Sap, Tali J",
Pafliorz—Tree, 65%.

Plants are differently affeéted
with Diflempers, which flow in
their Juices.

1. There are fome Plants that
appear bloach’d in their Leaves

- only in the Seafons of Spring and

Autumn; but thofe Marks dif-
appear, When they gain Strength

. in the Summer-Seafon : Of this

Sort oftentimes, are the Pot-

. Illezrjoram, Rue, Stone—Crop and

' Thyme.

;- are continually
‘ yellow in the fpongy Part of their
Leaves, while in the mean Time
the Sup-Vell'els are of a pleafant,

Q'p...n

ci e;

:1 are inarch’d into

There are fome Plants which
blotch’d with

healthful green .- Of this Sort is
the Hotc/a’d/l/uteruur, the Orauge-

I .Mz'ut, {5%. If thefe have Strength

given them by rich Manure, or
healthful Plants,
1 .

Bodies. _

 

VA

the Diitemper will be overcome,
and the yellow will change into
a healthful green.

3. There are other Plants, the
Juices of which are fo invete-
rately poifoned, that the Diftem—
per is continued from Genera-
tion to Generation : Some have
their Leaves potted, others
Mote/fol, others edg’el, others
flrip’u’; fuCh as the flrcbangel,
”rater—Benny, Bauk-crefi, Barage,
Self-baa], flrz'p’d Salary, and Syca-
more, all which, from Seed, pro-
duce flrip’d Plants.

Having thus far treated, con-
cerning the wariegatiug, mixing,
or altering the Colours of Plants,
I judge it will not be foreign to
the Matter to fay fomething con-
cerning Colours.

Colour is a Phenomenon in
Nature, that has long perplex’d
Philofophers to account for. The
Difcoveries relating thereto, that
have been made by Sir [fame
Newton, are to the E3651 fol-
lowing :

t.’That Light confifls of an
infinite Number of Rays, right
lin’d and parallel, but of difl'e-
rent Degrees of Refrangibility,
when meeting with a different
Medium.

2. Each Ray, according to
its Degree of Refrangibility,
when to refracfled, appears to the
Eye, of a difl‘erent Colour.

3. The leaft refrangible Rays
appear of a deep fmrlet ; the molt
refrangible appear of a violet Hue;
the intermediate proceeding from
four/ct to yellowi/b, then to light
green, and ['0 to élue.

4.‘ The Colour: arifing from
the different Refrangibility of

- ‘ ' Light,

V A

and by f0 many the more there
are of thcfe Rays, by ('0 much
the more fuch Colour; come
nearer to Lig/ot it felf ; which,
as thefe Parts are more fubtile
and refin’d, is the more dazling.
And in'like Manner, the darker
Colours; by how much the more
they are compos’d either of more
triangular Parts ; or as the‘ Parts
that compofe them tend more
towards the Iafi conceivable
Point of Magnitude, by f0 much
they become the more fenfibly
olzfcure.

_It may be obferv’d, fays Mr.
Brodie , that Colour: are chang’d
by Eération; for every Filter
gives its own Form to the Parts
of that Body whatfoever that
paifcs through it : So that, if we
allow Colour to be material, eve-
ry Colour is altered by Changing
the Figure of thofe Parts which
compofed it.

White 11/7728 becomes red in
the Veins; and Blood becomes
white, pafling through the Mi—
nute Veffels in the Breafls.
Again, red [Vine becomes warm,
by being difiill’d. -

F rom_ Whence he concludes,
that the‘Difl’ercnce of Colour, in
the feveral Parts of Plants, is (in
part, if not Wholly) produc’d by
the Alteration of the Parts of the
vegetable Juices, by being filli‘r’cl
through Veffels or Tubes of dif—
ferent Frames and Magnitudes.

It may be obferv’d further,
That Heat and Coleldo necefla-
rily refult from Light and Dark-
neft, the more moderate Points
of which, are yellow and blue;
*which together produce green;

 

VA

and that feems to be the molt
prevailing Colour of the Earth.

It is‘alfo remarkable, That luv
the Growing of Plants, the farmer:-
Plants do from Time to Time
alter and change their Coloem,
as the Vefl'els which are in thofe
Shoors grow larger: The Leaves
are of a faint yellow, when they (
are in their finaller State; bum
they become of a bright green or
fometimes red, when they are in ‘
their middle State; but when’
their Vefl'els are enlarged to their 1
full Point of Growth, they be- ~
come of a dark green ; and then r
Change to a fem/[e mort Colour 2
towards Autumn, from the VRi-
pening of their Juices ; from ,
thence to Putrefaétion, which :
refolves it again into Earth, its
firfl Principle.

6. VASCULIFEROUS. .

ASCULIFEROUS‘L

P11”!!! are, befides fuch as -
have the common Crzlix, a pecu-
liar Vellél to contain the .5665! ;
fometimes divided into Cells :
And rhefe have always a mompeg
talom I-"lower, either uniform or‘
diflbrm.

7. VASES.

Veg/e is .1 Sort of Flower—pot
‘ to l‘et in a Garden.

8. VEGETABLES.

‘EGE‘TABLES are natue

‘ ral Bodies, having Parts or-

ganically t‘orn‘led 5 but without
Senfutiom ' '

9. View

' proper to all Trees, ‘
, Plants, Herbs, Minerals, {9%.

VB

9. VEGETATION. -

E G E TA TI 0 N is deriv’d

from the Latin, vegeto t0
quicken, to refrelh, to make
lively and flrong; and fignifies
the Way of Growth, or Increafe
of Bulk, Parts and Dimenfions
Shrubs,

To underfiand the Procels

‘of Nature in the Bulinefs of Ve-

etatz'm, it is to be confidered,
hat there is in Vegetables a
Principle of Life ; and this IS

: dilTerently feared.

r-o
,

r
x

l

I
)

A certain Author fays, gene-

- rally (peaking, this Principle of
:. Life is feated exactly between

the Trunk and the Root ; and
this is obferv’d _to be the Place
of its Polition, in all or molt of

'the Semim’ferom Tribe; for if

the 0M be included in that gene-
ral Title, and the Body of it be
cut down near that Place, it is
odds if it ever lhoots again, or at
leafi to any Purpofe.

In forne Plants it is only in
the [hair ['0 that let them be

a ' -
cut into as many Pieces as rea-

VE

you plant them in the Earth but
the Length of three or four In-
ches, either the Roots or Bran-
ches will certainly grow again.
In forne, it is feared intirely in
the Body, Branches, or Leaves;
and of this Kind are many of the
Exotick Plants, which being of a
fucculent Nature, if the Trzmk
or Bram/oer, or the Leave: and
Stem: be put into the Ground,
they will {trike Root immediate-
ly and grow; as in the Cerem’r,
Ficm’t, 65%. my f0 firong is the
Principle of Life in this Kind of

Plants, that if they be hung up a

confiderable Time Without any
Eart/a, Water, {996. they will
maintain their natural Verdun,
and alfo this Principle of Life
admirably, by their fucculcnt
Quality.

The Ufe of this Principle of
Life, is accounted to be for the
Concoéiion of the indigcfied
Salts, which afcend thro’ the
Roots, where they are fuppos’d
to afiimilate_the Nature of the
Tree they are helping to form;
tho’ perhaps the Root may like-
wife affifl in the Work.

Thefe Things being pre-fup~

l‘fonably -may be, it~ thefe Pieces
2 are but planted in the Ground,
3 they quickly grow ; as is {cell in
5 the Elm, 5c. and in abundance
> of edible Roots and Flowers.

In fotne, it is fexted borh in
2 the Roots, and all OVer the
' Trunk and Branches ; as, in the
\Vimiaeom or ”411020; Kinds ;
'Iwhich, it they be cut into a
T Thonfand Pieces, it is fearce
7, polfible to deflroy or kill them,
:3 unlefs they are fplit in the Mid—
die, and fcarcely then; for if

pos’d in the Spring of the Year,
as foon as the Sun begins to
warm the Earth, and the Rains
do melt the latent Salts, the
whole Work of Vegetatim is fet
on Foot: Then the emulgent
Fibres feek for Food, which has
been prepar’d as aforefaid.

It is very rational to fuppofe,
that a great Part of the Roots
are formed under Ground during
the li/z'mer—Seafon, becaufe in
all Lands there is always an in—
nate Heat, which feems to be a

natural,

 

V E
natural, vital Quality, or nitrous
Fermentation.

72w: 4 Tree form: it: Root firfl]
A great Part of the Root: are
form’d under the Ground during
the Mater-Seafon, there being
alWays an innate Heat in all
Lands, which this Author takes
to be a natural, vital Quality, or
nitrous Fermentation.

The Roots, by feeking out,
and affuming thoi‘e Salts, are
immediately (by the Courfe of
Nature, and the attractive Virtue
of the Sun) drawn upwards to
the vital Principle; and after
Concoétion, do afcend {till high-
er into the Stern, and break out
firfi in the Buds, the fhelly and
rendered Part of the whole Ma-
chine, and afterwards difl‘ufe
themfelves into the Leaves,
Flowers, Fruits, {9%. which lie
invelop’d therein according to
their natural Frames, Effie.

There are fome, which fay
there are three Kinds of Sap dif-
ferent from each other in Rare-
faétion and Purity, which afcend
from the Root ; from which are
compos’d the Branches, Leaves,
Flowers, and confequent to
them the Fruit; and that they
pafs in different Channels.

But others again, fuppol‘c it is
rather all of one Kind ; and that
it affumes its proper Office by a
hidden Infiinét in Nature, jufl
as it enters the Boughs or Bran—
ches, whercon the "Fruit is to be;
they being by fome cafual Sprouts
of the lall Year, already forni’d
for that Purpole; or probably
that it is rarefied by the Paliage
thro’ the Stem.

 

VE

And tho’ there are fome that ‘
do fuppofe, that fubterraneous ,
Fires are concern’d in the Work '
of Vegetation, or the Growth of '.
Plants; yet, as upon the belt
Obfervation that hath been made,
none Can pretend to have dif-
covered any Heat or Fumigation
to iffue from the Surface or
Bowels of the Earth, adequate
to the meanefl artificial Fire:
Therefore it is plain, that the
Sun is the Principle, and [‘0 may
be Call’d the Father of Vegeta-
tion, and the Earth the Mother ;
the Rain and Air being necefl'ary
Coefficients in this furprizing
Work of Vegetation. See the
ArtiCles, Sam, Earth, Air, Rain.

Mr. Bradley fays, as in animal
Bodies there are feveral Degrees
of Juices, which are refin’d more
or lefs, as the Veffels they pafs
through are larger or fmalle'r, or
perhaps according to their F i-
gure; fo alfo Plants are found
to have Veffels of different Fun-
ctions, which do, like Filters of
diflerent Kinds, feparate and al—
ter the Juices which pafs thro’
them; f0 that they may be dillin-
guiih’d feparately by the Senfcs,
although they do all originally
proceed from the fame Fund of
indigelled Juice in the ROOt:
And by how much thefe Juices
have the more Time to open and
nouriih the fever-31 Parts they ‘
pafs through; to both the Parts
and Juices become more perfect,
and approach nearer to the Point
of Maturity, which is fix’d by
Nature for their Perfection. In
this Progrefs, thofe Parts which
are to be acted upon, ripen equal-
ly, as thofe do that are to 3&-

In

V ' E

In the Anatomy of Plants, by
, Malpiglziu: and Dr. Grew, by
.' the Help of a Microfcope, Parts
1 in each diftinét Plant, of a very

different Frame and Texture one
from another, may be difcover’d;
from whence it may be conclu-
ded as certain, that thofe Parts
fo difl‘ering one from another,
are by Nature defign’d for difl‘e—
rent Funélions. For it would
be as unreafonable to imagine,
that all the Parts of a Plant do
the fame Office, as to fuppofe
that an Artery aéled the fame
. Part as a Mufcle, a Bone the
: fame as an Artery, a Mufcle as
: a Vein, or a Vein as the Lungs
l of an Animal.

Dr. Grew fays, That all Kinds
D of vegetable Principles are at the
t firfi received together in a Plant,
:and are feparated afterwards ;
ii. e. they are filtered fome from
) others, in very different Propor-
1tions and Conjunétions by the
'l feveral Parts; f0 every Part is
3 the Receptacle of a Liquor, be—
: come peculiar, not by any Tranf—
3f0rmation, but only by the Pet—
:colation of Parts out of the com-
.”mon Mal‘s or Stock of Sap ; and
athofc that are fuperfluous in any
EPlant, are difcharged back by
l P erjl‘viratiorz.

He alfo afcribes to every difl’e-
rrent Kind of Vefill a difl'erent
:Office; and fays, the Lympha-
‘rdac‘i'r, which carry the molt wa-
xtery Liquor, are plac’d on the
'x inner Verge of the Bark, next to
'l the Air—Vefi‘els, as Mr. Bradley
Ifuppofes, from their Smallnefs,
KWhich Will not admit the Paffage
3(0f any Fluid denfer than Air.

‘IThat the Lac‘i‘zfi’rom Veflels ufu- ,

 

, V E

ally {land in the Middle, be:
tween the inner and outer Verges
of the Bark. Thefe which Dr.
Grew calls Lymplmduft'r, Mr.
Bradley takes to be what himl‘elf
calls the new-forming Veffels,
which are annually produc’d, and
help to increafe the Bulk of the
Tree. As for thofe he calls
Lac’t'zferom and Ref/im'fi’rou: ch-
fels, Mr. Bradley fuppofes, that
they ferve to return the fuper—
fluous Sap.

He adds, That it is obfervable,
that the Velfels are the chief
Vifcera of Plants ; and as 3
Plant has feveral Liquors, [o
thofe Liquors become differently
qualified from the divers Kinds '
of VeiTels ; and that as the Vill
cera of an Animal are but V ef-
fels conglomerated ; fo the Vef‘
fels of a Plant are Vifcem drawn
out at Length.

It is alfo remarkable in many
Cafes, that the Multitude and
Largenefs of the Veffels do pro-
duce a fweet and Winey 54;;
and the F cwnefs and Smallnefs
of the VeiTcls, produce an oily
and aromatick Sap.-

Dr. Grew is of Opinion, That
the Odours in Plants do chiefly
proceed from the Air- Veffels
that are in the Wood ; not but
that the others do alfo yield their
Smells, which is molt plain to
be perceiv’d in Plants that are
frelh, undry’d and unbruil‘ed :
For he fays, that the Air bring—
ing along with it aTinéture from
the Rom, and from the feveral
organical Parts, and at laft enter-
ing the Concave of the Air-Veil
fels, it confifls there.

Mr,

V E

Mr. Bradley allows, that it
cannot be deny’d, but that the
Efinvin, which can be admitted
into the Wood -Veffels, may
give a Smell to the Wood ; and
but that as that Vaponr pafl‘es
thro’ Veffels which have a difi'e~
rent Strué‘ture, fo as to alter the
Form of its Parts; fo in every
one of its Changes it will yield a
Smell different from the tell;
the Smell of the Wood will dif-
fer from that of the Bark, the
Juices in the one being more ef-
fential than the other; but yet
both being bruifed and mixed to-
gether, yield a Scent difierent
frOm either of them fingly. And
likewife the Leaves give a Scent
that is different from either of
the former ; and fo alfo do the
Flowers from that in the Leaves,
and alfo thetFruit from that in
the Flowers.

He adds, That it is alfo ne-
ceffary to the Nutrition of Plants
as well as Animals, that there
thonld be a Coneurrence of two
fpecifically dillinét Fluids. And
a learned Author fays, (and with
very good Reafon ) that thcfe
are interwoven in every Part of
a Tree in their proper Veilels,
like Linfey [Foo/fry ; to that every
(the lead) Part of Sop, is im-
pregnated with divers efl‘eniial
Tinctures, and is continually fil-
tred from the Fibres of one
Kind, to thofe of another.

Hence we may. not only learn,
That in all Plants there is 21 Ne-
cefiiry of two fpecifically diltinét
Juices to aét one upon another;
but that thefe are filtred or re—
fin’d in their Action, and alfo
alter’d and chang’d, according as

 

VE

the Parts are that they pafs thro' ; i
and alfo that they ripen and be- -
come prolifick fooner in fome :
Parts than in others. And they
are alfo in fome Parts more grate- :
ful to the Smell than they are in
others.

And belides, this Mixing, Fil-
tering, and Ripening of the Juices .
fooner or later, gives the Diffe-
rence of Colonr to the feveral
Parts of the Plant, and is feem- —
ingly the Occafion of molt of”.
the Alterations found in feveral
Parts of Trees. ’

Dr. Grow is of Opinion, that :
the chief governing Principle in .
the Juice of Plants is the Saline ; :
which fnline Principle, he fays,.
mull be underflood as a generick T
Term, under which divers Spe-
cies are comprehended. Thet
vegetable Salts feem to be four, .
viz. the nitrous and the‘ acid”
alkaline and marine.

The nitron: Salt! feem to be
a ign’d by Nature chiefly for the .
Growth of Plants.

The Parts of a Seed being f0
minute, that no perfect Dil‘co-
very can be made by the naked
Eye, of the firll Rudiments of
the Plant that is formed out of,
it; it is therefore necell'ary to;
make Ufe of a Microfiope, to"
greaten the Objects, which the.
molt curious [Walpz'glaim has;
done with that Accuracy, as to .
render further Enquiry and Exam
mination iieedlefs. His Obfer-
vations are to the Purpofe fol-‘
lowing.

The Eggs (or Seeds) of Plants.
being excluded out of the Egg-v
176d (called a Pod or Hmk, 01::
by whatever Other Name dillin-

guilhed )

V E

guilhed) requiring further fcfier-
ing "and brooding, are committed
to the Earth. When this kind
Mother hath receiv’d them into
her Bofom, {he doth not only
give them Incubation or BrOOd-
ing, by her own halituous Va-
pours, joined with the Heat of
the Sun-beams; but doth, by
Degrees, abundantly fupply what
the fruitful Seed (lands in Need
of: For the every Where abounds
with little Channels or finnous
Paffages, in which the Rain-Wa-
ter, fatiated and impregnated
with fruitful Salts, runs like the
Blood, and Chyle in the Arteries
of Animals. This Moil’ture is
tranfcolated or [trained through
the Pores or Pipes of the outer
Rind or Husk (correfponding
to the Membranes that invefi the
Embryos of Animals) on the
Infide of which lie the thick fe-
minal Leaves, which are com:
monly two (tho’ in that which
I {hall inflance anon, is but one)
that anfwer to the Placenta or
Womb-Cake in Women, or to
the Cotylea’om in Brutes. _

For the Subflance of thefe two
Seed-Leaves conliiis of a great
Number of little Bladders or
Bottles, and of Navel-Veflels, or
a Navel—K720! : Into the Borders
is receiv’d the fruitful Moiflnte
of the Earth, that is {trained
thro’ the Rind of the Seed,
which makes a fmall Fermentaé
tion, with that pt0per Juice that
was inherent originally in the
Seed-Leaves; and this fermented
Liquor is convey’d by the Um-
bilical VeiTel to the Trunk of
the Plant, and to the Gem or
Bad that is continued to it;

V o L. H.

VNE
Whereupon a Vegetation and In-
creai‘e of the Parts fucceed.

This, in ihort, is the Manner
of Proceedute in the Vegetation
of Plants. He, e‘xempli es this,
by a Grain of Meat, as folé
lows : .

The firli Day after a Grain Of
Wear is f0Wn,‘it grows a little
Turgid, and the Seczmdim or
Husk gapes a little in fevetal Pla-
ces. The Body of the Plant be-
ing continuous with the conglo-
bated Leaf (which is called the
F leih of the Seed that makes the
Flower) fwells, not only With
the Gem or Sprout, that is With
the future Stem, which is open- _
ed, and waxeth green by De-
grees ; but alfo‘ the lateral Roots
do bunch out a little ; and like-
wife the lower R0 becom-
ing green jets fomewhat Out;
whenCe the Placenta or Seed-
Leaf becomes loofe, and gapes.
The Body of the Plant is conti-
nued and knit, by the Nam/4
Knot, to the conglobulated Leaf,
which fupplies Matter for Vege-
tation. ,

In two Days, the Secamdz'ne
or Husk being broken through,
the Stem or Top of the future
Straw appears on the Outfide of
it, and with its Top is a little
Diflant from the Leaf (that is
continued to it) growing up-
wards by Degrees. The Seed;
Leaf guarding the Roots, be—
comes turgz'd with the little Blad~
ders, and puts forth a 1:11:12:
Down; this Leaf being p‘ull’d
away, you may fee the Roots
of the Plant made bare, of which
the long one is very apparent;
but the two others are more ob-

 

B b fcure.

\

VE

fcure. The Top of the Stem is
crooked; and Within, the Gem
or Bad, and future Leaves and
Stalk lie hid. Between the Root:
and afcending Stem, the Trunk
of the Plant is knit by the Navel-
Knot to the Flower—Leaf, which
is very moill, but as yet keeps its
white Colour, and its proper and
natural Tafic.

The t/aird Day approaching,
the Pulp of the conglobulared or
round Leaf becomes turgid with
the Juice that it has received
from the Earth fermenting with
its own genuine Juice. The
Plant increafes in Bignefs, and
its Bad or Stem becoming taller,
from 'wbitib turns fomewhar
gram; an the lateral Roots
break forth grecm'j/J and Pyra—
midal frfln the gaping Sheath,
which adheres clofely to the
Plant.» The lower Root be-
comes longer and hairy, having
many Fibres growing out of it ;
at the fame Time in fuch Seeds
as are more quick and forward,
the lower Root is larger, grow—
ing green in its End, and the
Side-Roots fprout out of the
Sheath that inveltcd them; which
Sheath fwelling with w/Jite and
thick Bladders is continued, like
a Bark with the outer and invefi—
ing Subl‘tance.

Abundance of hairy F ibrcs
hang all along upon the Roots,
except upon their Tips; thofe
which grow about their Balls are
longer ; and thofe which follow,
become {hotter and (hotter. They
twirle about the titline Particles
and little Lumps of Earth, like
In), whence they grow curled ;
and above the lateral Roots there

 

VE

break out two other little ones.
The Stem being roundilh, and
waxed bigger, grows flrait up-
wards.

Towards the End of the third
Day, the Stem tending upwards -
makes (as it were) a right An-
gle with the feminal Leaf, lying
horizontally : It is flenderer, and
more longiih ; and its outer Co-
ver is white, and bright or tranf—
parent, guarding the tender or
greenij/y Gem. The lafi Roots
for out more; and the other
three growing larger are cloath-
ed with ‘a Down, that flraitly
embraces the Lumps of Earth:
This Down is [‘0 luxuriant, efpe-
cially where it meets with any
Vacuity, that its Hairs uniting
with one another make a Kind
of Net.

The conglobulated or Flower-
Leaf is fofter, and (as it were)
milky ; whence, if it be bruifed,
it yields a wbzte and fweetiih
Juice, likeBarley-Cream: If you
pull the Plant from it, the Root
and Stem of the Plant may be
plainly feen: Alfo the interme-
diate Mwel-Kmt appears, whofe
outer and invelling Part is more
folid, like Bark; but the inner
Part is more fort and marrowy.

At the End of the f'oart/y Day,
the Stalk tending upwards (the
Outer or Sheath—leaf being loofe—
ned) puts forth the Smile—leaf, that
is green and folded. Below the
Roots bet‘ore dct‘cribed, grow
longer ; and there appears a new
Tumour (flnnetimes two) of
a future Root. The Semi—Let,“
all'o, that hangs upon the Plant,
begins to fade, whoi‘e remaining
Juice is, notwithl‘tanding,

nun":
\‘v'.‘l e

:1 S

VE

- white and uncorrupted. If you
cut the Stem afunder, the Rife
of the tender Stalk appears to be
from the Navel - Knot, from
which alfo the Roots take their
Beginning : Likewife outwardly,
the Sheath—Leaf is to be feen,
wherein the Stalk and its Leaves,
and the Rife of the Roots are
unfolded.

About the Sixth Day, the Sm-
ble-Leaf being loofened, the
Plant mounts upwards, the thick
Sheath-Leaf as yet cleaving about
it like a Bark. The Seed-Leaf
’ on its Outfide is finuous or full
of Crinkles,_and faded: This be—
ing cut, or freed from the Husk
or Semndine the Flelh 0r Peri—
mrpium is not alike all over;
for its outer Part, whereby the
Outfide of the Seed or Grain is
heaved up, is more folid, and
looks like a concave Leaf. It
hath the fame Appearance alfo
in that Part whereby it flicks,
and is continued to the Nam]-
Knot : But its Infide is fil‘tulous,
and till’d with Humour, efpeci-
ally that Part of it that is next to
the Navel-Knot.

The Leaves being pull’d off,
the Roots torn, and the F lower-
Leaf remov’d, the Trunk ap-
pears; in which, not far from
the Roots, the szt‘eI-Kmt bun—
ches out, which is folid and hard
to cut: Above, there is the Mark
of the Shank-Leaf, that was pul-
led off; under this, as in an
Armpit, the Gem is often hid ;
beyond which, there is likewife
a Knot, with the Scar of the torn
off Leaf ; and in the Top, the

felt Gem is kept; and thus the-

VE

whole Bulk of the future Stalk
is had in this Compendium. _
The hinder Part alfo of the
Plant {hews the Breakings-forth
of the Roots ; likewife the faded
Placenta 0t Seed-Leaf, and the
Scar of the Sheath-Leaf, with
the following Knots and Gems.
After the Eleventh Day, the
Seed—Leaf, often as yet {ticking
to the Plant, is crumpled, and
almolt corrupted ; for being 0‘
pened, it yields an Humour with
airy Bubbles : Within, it is hol«
low, and about the Secmzdimr,
the mucous and white Suhliance
of the Seed, being continued,
even to the [Wand-Knot, forms a
Cavity. All the Roots becom-
ing longer, put forth new Brand
ches out of their Sides ; and the
Stalk, tho’ it hath taller Leaves,
yet for the molt Part is no
longer than the Trunk; for as
yet the Knots and Gems being
very near to one anorher are not
far from the Navel-Knob
Sometimes the Vegetation mad
king Progrefs, the Spaces be-
twixt the Knots are larger ; and
the Sheath-Leaf being pull’d off
the Side, 3 Knot appears, out of
which there fprouts forth a Leaf,
that foficrs the afcending Stem.
In the mean Time, the feminal
Leaf withers, and is emptied 011
its Infide; and if it be prefs’d, it
yields nothing but Water :- The
white and folid Internode (02‘
Space between the Knots) is
lengthened, and new Gem: apar
pear; and the middle Root grows
to be feveral Inches long. a
After a Mont/a, borh the Roots
and Stalk being grown longer,

 

[new Bad: appear to be breaking
B b a fault

. -- V E
forth of the firft Knot ; and very
little Tumours bunch out, which
at length break forth into Roots ;
for Roots fprout out. (‘0 eafily,
that fometimes if the firlt Roots
be pulled off, Abundance of new
ones will rife in their Stead.
Alfo at the fame Time the
Stem being eflabliflied with its
ufual Roots, puts forth new
ones, which break through even
the Sheath-Leaf that cloaths it :
And it alfo rifes up with a white
Joint that is full within. Above
the Roots, from the fame Knot,
grow two Buds, guarded with
their proper Leaves ; and the in‘
termediate Stalk runs upwards.

Io. VEPRICOSE.

VBPRICOSE fignifies

full of Bramble; 01‘ Brian.
11. VERGE.

HE Edge or Outfide of :1
Leaf or Flower.

1 2. VERMICULATION.

ERZIIICULATION,
the Breeding of Worms, in
Herbs, Plants, or Trees.

13. VERMIPAROUS.

VERMIPAROUS is pro-
ducing or breeding Worms.

14. VERMIVOROUS.

ERJWIVOROUS is
devouring or feeding on
\Vormsn

 

V I
15. VERNAL, or VERNOUS.

E R N [A L or Vermin
Leave: are fuch Leaves of
Plants as come up in the Spring.

16. VERTICILLATE.

ERTICILLATEPlom‘:

are fuch’ as have their Flow-
ers intermixt With finall Leaves,
growing in a Kind of Whirles
about the Joints of a Stalk, as
Peony-Royal, Hare-bound, 8:.

17. VINES.

T H E following is a Cata-
logue of the Grapes that
are molt efteemed in Frame.

1. The Acorn Grape, which
is f0 call’d, becaufe the Fruit
has the Shape of an Acorn, it
is of a yellow Colour, is very
fwcet and keeps well.

2. The African Grape; of
thefe there are two Sorts, the
red and wlaite ; it is a very
large Fruit, the Berries being
like Plums, and the Bunches are
of an extraordinary Size; it is
in Shape rather long than round,
a little fiat towards the Point;
the Wood and Leaf are remarka-
bly large, and it requires a great
deal of Sun. .

g. The Apricoclz Grape is (‘0
called beeaufe it is yellow and
gilded like an Apricock, it is of
the tribe call’d Bouroleltzil‘.

4. The fligflrian, Ot‘ Pmfley
leafed Grape is a white fweet
Grape, the Vine a pretty good
Bearer; but the juice of the

Grape is not very vinous.
5. The

VI

5. The Beaune Grape is of
a whitijb Colour, pretty good;
the Vine bears well. ‘

6. The Bird: Bill Grape, or
Bee ei’ Ofean is large, very long,
and pointed at both ends, and is
. called in Italy, Pizutelli.

7. The Blauquet de Lemair is
a white tranfparent Grape, as
clear as Glafs, is of a pretty long
and large Berry, and has an ex-
cellent Juice. The Vines bear
well.

8. The Bourdelar is of three
Kinds, the Hack, the red, and
the white; the Bunches of the
Grapes are very large, but are
fitter for Verjuice or Sweet-
meats, than eating. It is the
belt Vine for grafting many Sorts
of Grapes upon, efpecially fuch
as degenerate, as the Current
Grape, the Damask Grape.

9. The Bourguigmn is a pret-
ty large black Grape, fitter for
Wine than eating. The Vine is
an extraordinary Bearer.

10. The C/Mfllar, 0r Mafia-
det Grape is an extraordinary
large Fruit, fit either for eating,
drying, or making Wine. The
Fruit is not very full of Seeds.

[1. The Mark Cheflela: is not
f0 common as the former, but
has molt of its Qualities.

12. The Curr/(jet Grape is
fomething larger than the for-
mer, is a very good fruit, has
no Seeds. The Vine is apt to
run, and therefore lhonld be
pruned longer than other Vines.

13. The Dam/ark Grape is an
eXtraordinary Fruit; the Bun-
ches are very long and large,
. and the grapes larger than orv
; dinary. They are of an Amber

VI

Colour, and have but one Stone
in each. They are apt to run,
and therefore require long prun-
ing; there are of this Sort the
red and the white.

14. The Dyer: Grape has the
Fruit very much prefs’d toge-
ther upon the Bunches, and is
of a very Meek Die : The chief
ul‘e of this Grape is to heighten
and colour the Wine.

15. The Frementeazt Grape is ,
of a reddf/b grey Colour; the
Bunches are pretty large,~ and
the Berries are clofely fet togc~
ther. It has a hard Skin, but an
excellent Juice. The excellent
Wine call’d Sillery Wine is made
of this Grape. '

1 6. The Frontiuieze white [II/af-
(at Grape, is a large long Grape,
full of Seeds ; is excellent either
for eating raw or in fweet Meats;
it dries well either in the Oven
or in the Sun.

I 7. Le Gamet is Of tWO Sorts,
the white and the Heck; it is an ex-
traordinary Bearer; but the Wine
is finall, and the Plant lalls but
a few Years.

18. The yeueting Grape is
call’d alfo the Orleans .4114 e4-
dz'ne, is very fweet and not un-
like the Melie, but rather like the.
Malmfey Grape ; it is apt to de-
generate. .

19 The Italian Grape is of
two Sorts, the white and the
blue ; the Bunches are large and
long, and the Berries longilh,
and freely difpofed upon the
Bunches. It does not ripen
well.

20. The Grape without Ker-
nels is a Kind of Clmfle/ar,

 

but the Fruit is not ['0 large, and
B b 3 a lit.

VI

9. little fharp; however, it is
extremely good, prepar’d in an
Oven, as it has no Kernels ; for
which reafon fome call it the
great Currant Grape.

21. The Magdalen Grape is
the earliefi ripe, but is not to
good as it is rare. The Skin is
thick.

2.2.. The Manila: Grape is ripe
about the Beginning of flag” ,
.the Fruit, as well as the Ker-
nel, in lhape is rather long
than round, and the Colour is
yellow like Antler, and the Juice
is very rich.

2;. The Mzzlmfey Mufeadine
is one of the richeft mu'sked
Grapes, furpafiing every other
Kind in high perfume.

24.. The Malmfey Grape is of
a grey Colour, bears well; the
Berry is fmall, but extremely rich
and high flavoured. It ripens
early, and is to full of’ Juice,
that he eiieems it the mofi melt-
ing of all Grapes.

2.5. The red Malmfey Grape
is a more rare, but a later Grape
than the other two.

2.6. The Maroquin is a large
blue Grape, which brings Bun-
ches of Grapes of an extraordi-
nary Size, and the Berries being
large, round and hard ; the
Leaves are reddiflz and vein’d
with red. One Sort of it bears
in an extraordinary manner, and
blofl‘oms three times in a Sum-
met. The flfieil‘zunmer Fruit
fometimes comes to Perfeétion,
but the third Bloiioms come to
nothing.

27. The white flz’elie Grape is
a good eating Fruit, and one of
the belt for the Vintage; the

 

VI

Juice is fweet, bears well, and
will keep. It is one of the belt
for drying in an Oven.

2.8. The Hat]: Melie Grape is
not fo good as the former for
eating, nor makes f0 {irong
Wine.

29. The grew fllelie is very
rare, and bears well, and is not
apt to run. The Wine that is
made of this Grape never changes
yellow.

go. The M'illerr Grape, fo
call’d becaufe of its white pow-
dered Leaves, this ripens next
after the early Morillon, is much
better than that ; bears well and
makes excellent Wine.

3!. The Morgen/om Grape
is :1 Sort of reelBourdelair; it is a
large round Grape, comes early;
the Juice is fweet and pleafant,
and makes excellent Wine. The
Fruit hasa very good Appear-
ance; and when it is ripe the
Leaves are finely marked with
red; which is very frequent to
Hack, blue or reel Grapes. This
is call’d the green Grape, and
the St. yamer’r Grape.

32. The Ii’l'orillon; fee the
Magdalen Grape.

33. The common black Mo-
rillm is a very fweet Grape, and _.
makes good Wine.

34. The white Morillon is a
very good Grape, but its Skin is
harder than the former.

35. The Mufma’el, or Clea]:-
fcl/zr, is an excellent large Grape
either for eating raw, drying or
making W’ine; and it is not too
full of Seeds.

36 The [Wig/Eat Je Riéezetlie,
is :1 Fruit richly musked, has
fimll Seeds and fweet Juifbv‘;

ut

VI

but is apt to run, and frequent-
ly degenerates to the Currant-
Grape, and fometimes has no
Seeds. .

37. The white Piedmont Muf-
car, is a long Fruit, has final]
Seeds, and :1 Pulp more un-
éluous than the Frontiniac wlaite
Mnfmt Grape.

38. The red Mufmt, or Maf-
cadine Grape, call’d the Coral
Mnfmdine from its lively Co-
lour, has the fame Qualities of
that number.

It requires a good deal of
Sun to bring it to Perfec-
tion, but then it is one of the
belt Grapes.

39. The black Illufmdine
Grape is larger than the pre—
ceding, very full of Seeds, but
not f0 high tailed, but the Juice
is very fweet; it bears well,
and the Fruit ripens very for-
Ward,

40. The Violet Mnfcadine
Grape is of a clearer black tend-
ing to a violet Colour. The
Fruit is long, and the Seeds are
large; it is richly musked, and
one of the belt.

41. The long Mnfmdz'ne, or
the late Italian Mnfmdine Grape,
is very large and long, but re-
quires a warm Expofure to ripen
its Fruit; but it' the Seafon does
not half ripen it, it will make
excellent fweet IVIeats, or may
be eaten raw. It is much high—
er perfum’d in fweet Meats than
any other Grape, the Fire fup-
plying that musked Flavour,
which the Sun did not afford
it.

42.. The Sanmoz'rean is a Marl

 

V I
making of Wine. It is a long-
ilh firm Fruit, and grows free
from the Bunches.

4;. The Sanavignon is a black
Grape, large and long; it is ear-
ly ripe, and is one of the belt
Grapes.

44.. The Samvignon Blane has
the fame Qualities of the former,
but they are neither of them very
well known.

45. The great black Spani/b
Grape brings large Clufiers well
furnilhed with large Grapes, fit
for the Table. From this Grape
is made the molt excellent Spa-
ni/l: Wine.

46. The Snrin is one of the
Illelz'e Tribe, well tafied, and its
fruit at little pointed.

47. The Switzerland Grape
is rather rare than good; the
Clufters are long and large, and
the Fruit is firiped with 121ml
and white, and fometimes half
one and half the other.

48. The ”'05“; Toot/a, or
line Plantelli is along pointed
Grape, a handfome Fruit, well
tailed, and keeps well.

The Vine: which Mr. Morti-
mer recommends as the molt
proper for our Englzfly Climate
are the [mall black Grape, which
fome call the Curr/1n, 0r Clnjl
ter Grape, which he accounts
the molt forward of the Mark
Sort; the wlaz'te Mnfcadlne, the
Par/Icy Grape, and the Mnfmk
delln which is a white Grape ; but
not to big as the Mnfcadz’ne; but it
ripens as foon, and the wlaz'te and
red Frontiniac, which requires to
be planted in a very warm Ex-

‘pol‘ure.
Grape, excellent for eating and»

Bb 4 Mr.

VI

Mr. Bradley lays, the Kinds
that ripen belt in England are the
Hack Currant Grape, the 311]}!
Grape, the early fweet [Vater
Grape, which was brought, but
of late, from the Canarier. The
flrlroir, or Frencl) fweet Water
Grape, all which, if the Seal'on
proves kind, and they be rightly
managed, will be ripe by the
middle of flngn/l.

Next to thefe he reckons the
Mnfcadine, the Par/Icy Grapes,
Frontigniacr, Claret, and Bur-
gana’y Grapes; all which he has
feen in England in great Per-
feétion ; but knows not any 0—
ther Kinds that are early enough
to ripen well in our ClimatE;
therefore he recommends the Pro-
pagation of thel‘e.

' The Soil. :I Mr. Mortimer lays,

the belt Soil for Vines is the hot—
telt Gravel, Sand, or rocky
Ground, if they be but well wa-
tered and lhaded at the firl‘t
planting ; and if the Soils men-
tioned before run much to
Brambles, it is a promiling Sign
that the Vine: will thrive; but
'let it be what Soil l'oever, it
{hould be frelh, and fuch as has
not been plowed up a long
Time.

Mr. Bradley fays, that the
chalky Hills, fuch as are fre—
quent in Oxford/hire, are very
proper to be planted with Vines;
f0 alfo hot gravclly Ground that
lies dry, and warm, will pro-
duce better Grapes than any of
the rich Soil; prepared with
Horfe Dung; but if the Soil:
are not fuch as have been before
mentioned, that may be made
amends for by the Rubbifli of

 

VI

fome old Building, one third
Part well mix’d and lifted with
the Earth about the Roots of
Vines. ‘

Mr. Laurence tells us, he can-
not eafily be brought to think
any Soil or Situation can be too
dry for the Roots of Viner, fince
he has leen a flourilhing Vine in
Northampton/hire grow from be-
tween the Joints of an old Calile
Wall, near twenty Foot high
from the Ground, which, as he
was inform’d, did produce ad-
mirable Grapes.

Likewife Mr. Bradley fays, in
the Gardens of Mr. Balle at
Cambden Honfe there are leveral
Vine: growing in Walls; and
among the tell a Mnfcadine one
that every Year produces fairer
Bunches , much fweeter and
earlier ripe Grapes by a Fort-
night, than any of the relt of
his Vines, altho’ he has the belt
Colleétion of .forward Grapes
that he has ever met with in
England. ‘

Again, the Vineyards in o-
ther Countries, which afford the
richelt and belt V iner, are on ei-
ther a rocky or gravelly Soil.
The Claiantr Wine of Italy grows
upon a rocky Soil, like that
which they make Lime of, and
the Vine; where from the lirong
Spani/ly Wines are made, grow
upon fuch Mountains, which
will fcarce produce any other
Sort of Plant, they are ['0 dry,
even to an Extreme. And he
lays, that all rhol‘e Places, which
he has feen or heard of, which
produce good Grapes are a dry,
hot Soil, and are fomewhat
mountainous.

- lV'Ir.

V I

Mr. Laurence fays, the pro-
perelt Mixture of Soil for Vine:
is the Rubbiih of old Buildings,
compofed of Lime, Mortar and
Sea Coal Aihes, or drift Sand ;
either of which are good, mix-
ed with an equal Quantity of
natural, rich, warm Earth. He
direéts to make Borders of this
four or five Foot wide, and one
Foot deep, on a Slope, if pof-
fible, defcending to the South.

Ofplamting a V'meyard.

Mr. Bradley directs, that the
Place where each Vine is to
fiand be opened and prepared
before the Plants are taken out
of the Nurfery.

He recommends the Month
of Fehruary as the belt Time,
it‘ the Weather be open, and di—
rects, that great Care be taken
in the Removal of the Plants,
that the Roots be not too dry
before they be replanted, becaufe
- that would greatly endanger
them ; and therefore that if they
are to be fent to any remote
Place, that wet Mofs be wrapt
about their Roots.

As to the Soil, fee the Di—
reétions before.

As for the Sorts of Grapes,
he advifes to plant only for-
ward Grapes, which haVe often
been experienced to ripen in open
Borders without the Help of a
Wall. Inftances of which are
to be feen at a E-emh Garden-
ers, at the back of Swell/ow-
Street, London; at Efq; fiche-
fm’s at Twittenham ; the Vine—
yard at Greenwich, and in molt
Nurferies.

 

-V I

The Lines of Vine: he would
have run North and South, and
fiand fix Foot one from ano-
ther, ( tho’ in another Place, he
fays three Foot ) but if it be
on a Hill that is very fleep,
then they may run Eafl and
lVe/l ; for as the Lines of
Vine: will fiand one above a-
nother, they will then have the
greateit Share of the Sun; for
they need not be kept above
four Foot high; but however
the Vine: run, there fhould be
two Vme: planted together in
one Hole ; and from the Cen-
ters of thefe Holes where the
Vim: fiand, there ihould be an
Allowance of fix Foot.

As for pruning, he fays, it is
ufual to prune thcfe Vine: the
Septemher before they are tranf—
planted according to their
Strength, leaving not above Four
Buds on the firongefi. Then
for the firft Summer they require
no Care but weeding.

After they have been planted,
about September, the. Shoots of
that Summer are to be ihortened
according to their Strength, and
then the Summer after that, the
{trongeft of them will begin to
{how a little Fruit; and in [May
and yum», this fecond Year, the
breaking ofi‘of the finall Shoots
and fuperfluous Branches fhould
be carefully performed, main-
taining only two Or three Shoots
on each Vim, according as they
are in Strength, and thefe are
not to be fhortened till the Sep-
temher following.

They mutt then be fupported
with Stakes, fife. fo that they
may run about at Foot above the

Ground,

VI

Ground, becaul'e, if they were
to run clofe, too mu’ch Wet
would fpoil and wet the Fruit;
but the nearer Grapes grow to
the Ground, if they do not touch
it, the riper and fweeter they
will be, and the {tronger the
Wine.

This Method muff be con-
tinued from time to time, in
Proportion to the Strength of
every Wm, in order to preferve
young Shoots every year, for
hearing the Summer following,
cutting away all the old ones,
which, if they did remain,
would rob the Plants of their
Strength.

If after this pruning, they are
not inclinable to bear large Bun-
ches, help the Ground with the
Manure before direéted.

A Vineyard thus managed,
will in five or fix Years after
planting produce good Store of
Grapes, which, when gathered

for making Wine, fhould be
full ripe, and in fair Wea-
ther.

Mr. Bradley inftances the ee-
Iebrated Vineyard at the Bath,
which contains fix Acres of
Ground, and is fituated on the
Side of a fieep Hill, facing the
Sam/5; the Ground being very
rocky and (tony. In this Vine—
yard, the Vines are planted in
Lines about fix Foot one from
another, and are manag’d much
after the Vv'ay they manage them
in Germany.

The Sorts of Grapes that are
planted in this Vineyard are the
white Mat/Ending, and the black
Clzrfler Grape, which, altho’

 

VI

they are not the proper Grapes
for making Wine, nor the moi!
early in ripening, yet about four
or five Years ago, made fixty
Hogfheads of Wine.

Tho’ indeed in the Year I 321,
there was not made above three
Hogfheads : And in 1722,
he being there about the 26th
of 394}, the Vines were hard-
ly in bloffom, f0 that little
could be eXpeéled from them that
Year; yet there being a great
deal of good bearing Wood up-
on them at that Time, he did
fuppofe, that they would pro-
duce a good Crop in the Year
1723, efpecially it proving an
extraordinary Summer.

He adds, that he was not a
little furpriz’d to find the Grapes
in that Vineyard fo backward
on (‘0 fine a Situation, when
Mr. Fain/92161, at Hoxz‘orz, had
ripe Grapes more than ten Days
before, tho’ his Ground is up«
on a firong Clay, and in a flat
Country. And that the Grape:
in the Vineyard of Mr. ”On--
ner at Rotberlvitbe, altho’ they
had not the Help of ['0 favou-
rable a Situation, were then
near full grown. But be con—
jectures this difi'erence proceed-
ed from the Sorts of Grapes as
well as from the Management
of them.

He tells us that Mr. 3‘05»
H/drmr at Earlier/Jilin has a little
Vineyard which is f0 modelled,
that it ferves even as an Ornament
to his Parterrc; and is an Ex—
ample of Vine: fo judiCioufly
ordered, that tho’ there was not
an hundred Viaer, and fome
of them no more than the 1‘s—

cond

VI

tond Years Growth, and about
four Foot high, and fome of
them not above two Foot from
the Ground, 95 Gallons of Wine
were made from them. That he
tailed of the Wine; and‘is
of Opinion, that if it were
kept to the Length of Time,
that 01d Hock is generally kept,
it would be as fmooth and as
flrong to the full; but as it
was at that Time, it had the
Burgundy Flavour, being made
from that Sort of Grape, and
exceeded thofe Wines which
grew about Beauvoir and Clair—
mont, or in any Vineyard on
this fide Paris.

He obferves, that an hundred
Stands of Water, in Mr. War-
ner: Vineyard , two Plants to
a {land in their firfi Year of bear-
ing a Crop made 95 Gallons
of Wine; and the finalleit Bearer
among them in the Ytar1723
had more than 75 Bunches of
Graper, and many of them more
than an hundred, and yet the
bearing Part of each Vine did
not feem to take up much
more (pace thana Bufhel-Mea-
fure, and he had taken the Pains
to calculate what might be the
product of thefe hundred Vine:
at 63 Bunches a Vine, weigh-
ing a quarter of a Pound a piece,
and finds it to be 117 Gallons
one Pint and ahalf.

He fays, that by comparing
the Produce 0f the Vineyard at
the Bat/3 with that of Mr.
Il/rzrnerr , we may find how
much the Sort of Grape {hould
be confidered, that is defigned
for the making of Wine: FOr
it is found by Experience, that

 

VI

fome kind of Grape: will yield
near half as much more Juice
as others, tho’ the fame Mea-
fure of each be carried to the
Prefs; and he is of Opinion,
that the bloc/i Clnfier - Grape
yields the leail Juice of any.

As for rich Wines, fuch as
Tokay, Mnfmdel, and Frontiniae,
he does not propofe the mak~
ing them in England, becanfe
they require the Benefit of a
Wall, and will not ripen in
the open Ground well.

He fays , that a Chalk
Hill, if planted with Vines,
will certainly refleét as much
Heat upon the Fruit as any
Wall whatfoever. And it is
very well known , that the
Cold in thofe Parts of Germa-
ny where the Rheniih Wines
are made is much more fevere
than in England , fo that we
need not be afraid of too
much Cold in the Winter, and
may reafonably expect as much
Warmth in Summer, if not more
and f0 our Vineyards may af—
ford us as good Wineas what
we ufually have from the Rhine,
and fome Places in France.

And as for R/aeni/b Wines, '
when they are newly made,
they re f0 four, that they are
not fit to drink, but after they
have flood feveral Years, the
afford us that incomparable Li-
quor which is call’d Old Hoe;
whereas fweet Liquors are apt
to turn fower by being kept.

”74}! of Propagation] Vine:

may be increafed either by Layv - ~

err or Cutting: ; the firlt is doné
by laying down the young Bran-
ches as (con as the Fruit is

gathet’d

V I

gather’d, or by making Planta-
tions of Cuttingr’ at that Time,
according to Mr. Bradley; but
Mr. [Mortimer fays , any time
in the Winter before S‘rmuary,
tho’ the. former fays, he has fre-
quently made Layer: in March
and April, which have been fit
to tranfplant the Midfummer
following; but you mull always
obferve to let a Bud or two
of the Layer be under ground 3
for it is from thofc Buds only
that the Roots put forth.

Ofmifing Vine: in Patna] h/Ir.
Bradley fays, That he has known
it to have been frequently prac-
tifed to draw a young Branch
through the Hole at the bottom
of a "Garden-Pot about Cerf/l-
mar, and then having fill’d the
Pot with Earth it has taken Root,
and the next flIic/melmm, it has
been cut from the Mother Plant
with ripe Fruit growing upon
It.

Thefe Vim, which have been
rais’d in Pots after the Man-
ner before going, he fays, if they
are iheltered from the Weather
in a Green—Houfe, or fome fuch
like Place, will hold their Fruit
good almofl till Cbriflmar. And
the Vines may be brought in
their Rots and fer on the Ta-
ble With their Fruit growing
on them in a Defert.

0f rag/Eng them by Cuttings]
You may make Plantations of
Cutting: as foon as the Fruit is
gathered, minding to let a Bud
or two of the Curting be under
Ground, as before direéted con—
cerning the Layer.

NIr. [Mortimer fays, Vim: Will
often grow of CHIN/2g: , only

 

VI

(luck in the Ground in amoifl
Place, being well watered. in
the Summer, if it prove a dry
Time. And that they may alfo
be raifed of Seekers.

0ftbe Situatiofi.) Mr. Mor-
timer fays , they Inuit have a
warm Situation and good Shel-
ter, and this will be bell ob-
tain’d by the Declivity of an Hill,
lying to the South, efpecially,
if it be well iheltered from the
Nort/a, and furrounded with a
good Brick—Wall; the Reafon
is, becetufe Hills are not to fub-
jeét to the Morning Fogs, nor
infeé‘tious Mills, as low Grounds
are; and befides, a Land which
is flat does not to foon par-
ticipate of the Benefit of the
riiing Sun as Hills do, nor does
it flay f0 long upon them in the
Evening: For as Vine: above all
Things aifeét a dry Soil, efpe-
cially after the Fruit begins to
be formed, and approach to its
Maturity, there is norhing more
noxious to it, than to be infec-
ted With the cold heavy Damps
of thefe Fogs at that Seafon.
And in this Cafe it is as much
as any thing elfe, that more
Southerly Climates have the Ad-
vantage of us.

Mr. Swirzcr tells us, that
Vineyards may be fo cultivau,
ted in England as to produce
large Quantities of Gmper, and .
thofe ripened to that Degree,
as to afford a good and tub—
{tantial \r’inous Juice. This has
been prov’d in that in feveral
Parts of Sommerfizzybire there
are at this time flouriihing Vine-
yards; and alfo the Vineyard
in that Country of the late Sir

[Willie/'71,

V I
”filliam Baflet has every Year

furniihed fome Hogiheads of

good bodied and palatable Wine.
That it is not [‘0 much ow-
ing to the Inclemency of our

Air in .Erzgland, that Grape: are

generally [‘0 much inferiour to

thofe of France and other Cli-

mates that are hotter, as it is
the want of an exaét Culture,
tho’ indeed the belt Manage-

ment will not anfwer Expeé‘ta-
tions without a tolerable Sea-

fon to ripen the Fruit; and

fometimes the Varioufneis of the

Weather in the Summer will
unavoidably
fower and immature.

In order to plant a Vineyard,
both Mr. Mortimer and Swit—
Zer direéls to plow up the
Swarth in yap, when the Earth
is very dry and combuflible, and
to burn or denihire it; and in
the yammry following to fpread
AthS over it. And having thus
prepared the Ground to make
Trenches crofs the Hill from
Eafl to [Va/l, and by being
thus polited, the tiling and fet-
ting Sun will pafs through the
Intervals; which it would not

= do if they were planted in any,
other Polition, nor would thegSuckers , for they do but ex—
able all the Dav to‘

Sun be
.dart its Beams f0 well upon
the Plants.

\Vhen you fet the Plants,
: which Mr. Mortimer recommends
: to be in yawn/w, as the bell Time,
‘2 make a Trench by a Line a-
: bout the Depth of a Foot, and

let the Plants be fet in it at
about three Foot Diflance one

7 from another every way, and
about half at Foot deep. Trim

M

render the Fruit

 

 

VI

the fuperfluous Roots from the
Sets, and do not leave above
three or four Eyes upon that
Part of them that are out of
the Ground and let them be
fet floping, as Quick is ufually
planted, that they may point up
the Hill.

Having planted them, lay long
Dung or Straw of a reafonable
Thicknefs on the Trenches, to
cover the Earth, and to fecure
the Roots from the dry piercing
Winds, which elfe would be
injurious to them, and alfo from
the fcorching Heat of the Sun
inthe Summer time. You mull
hough and weed them well, and
water them if need be.

0f priming Vixen] The new
fer Vine: are not to be prun’d
till the yammry next after they
have been planted, and then all
the Shoots are to be cut oil"
as near as you can, except that
you mull fpare one of the mol’t
thriving ones, leaving upon it
only two or three Buds. Which
when you have done, you are
to let them tell till JWay, the
fecond Year after they have
been planted. And then you
mull clear the Roots of all the

haul} and rob the Sets : For the
finall Branches of Vine: pro-
duce not any Fruit; therefore
you fhould leave no Branches
but what break out of the Buds
you left before.

The third Year you mufi ufe
the fame Method as you did
before, cutting off all the
Shoots in yummy, and fpare on—
ly one or :de of the molt
thriving; when you have done

this

VI

this, dig all the Vineyard and
lay it very Level, but have a
Care that you do not wound
any of the main Roots with
the Spade. As for the younger
ones it is not fo much mat—
ter; for if they be cut or
wounded they will grow the
thicker. And this Year you may
expeét forne Fruit, and then
you mull fupport them on the
Nortl? Side of the Plants with
From about four Foot long.

Rub ofl“ in ~[Way thofe Buds
you think will produce fuper-
fluous Branches. And when the
Grape: are grown to be about
the Bignefs of Birding Shot,
with your hand break off the
Branches at the fecond Joint a—
bove the Fruit, and rye the
tell to the Prop. It is better
to break a Vim than to cut it,
for thofe Wounds which are
made with {harp Inflruments are
nor fo apt to heal, but to caufc
the Vmer to bleed.

It is very probable that you
Will have three or four Shoots
to every Plant the fourth Year ;
therefore in Deceméer you ihould
cut off all the Branches but
one that is the firongcfi and
molt thriving, and this {hould
be left about four Foot high
for a Standard; the reit are to
be cut off clofe to the Body
of the Morher Plant, which
you mull tye up to the Prop
till it is big enough to make
a Standard of it felf. After
that no Shoot is to be fuii‘ered
to break out, but fuch as fprout
from the Top about four Foot
from the Ground. The Franck
prune oti‘ all thefe Sprouts e-

 

VI

very Year, and only depend up...
on the new Sprouts, which are
the only bearing Shoots.

But fome are for leaving two;
or three Branches, the one fuc-‘
ceflively after the other, and ('0:
they always every Year cut ofi‘
the oldefl, and nurfe up the
other young ones; but the Num-
ber of Branches ought to be pro-
portionable to the Thriftinefs oi
the Vine.

He advifes, to break off fuch :
Shoots as you find too thick, in ,
Augafl, when the Fruit begins to
ripen : But this ought to be done
with Difcretion, and only fo as
to let in the Sun, to come at
the overihadowed Clufiers to ri- '
pen them ; but they mull not be
left too bare; for that will expofe
them too much to the fcorching
Heat in the DaysTime, and to
the moiii Dews in the Night.

If a Vim .bleeds, rub Aihes.
upon it; and if that does not do,
fome recommend the fearing it:
with a hot Iron.

W'hcn you perceive, through
often flirting of your Vineyard,
that it is grown poor, (which
you may alfo difcover by the
Crop ) then prune the Vine; ac—
cording to the preceding Di-
reclions ; and fpread all over:
the Ground good rotten Dung,
mixed with Lime; and let it lie
to waih into the Ground for a:
whole leter : The Quantities
of the Compofition may be:
about ten Buihels of Lime to a...
Load of Dung, and it will ban
the better if you fpread on it alfo
fome Afhes or Soor. Then a--
bout February, turn in this Mam.
nure, by a flight Digging ; but

turn

VI

turn it not in too Deep: But
this lhould not be done in a wet
Seafon, but in a dry, left it caul‘e
the Ground to bind too much,

‘ and the Weeds to grow.

He recommends the Blood of

‘ Beafis mixt with Lime or Soot,
‘ as very good to lay to the Roots

of Vine: in Deceméer and 3116',
to forward Grape: ripening, and
to make Vim: fruitful ; and it is
very advantageous to Vines, to
water them in Augufl, if the
Seafon proves dry.

Mr. Bradley advifes, if not-
withftanding all the Care of
pruning and weeding the Vine-
yard, the Wm: are not inclined

‘ to produce large Bunches of

Fruit, to lay Oxe-Blood or Car-
rion to their Roots about No-
erember; or (what is very com-
mon in the Vineyards in other
Countries) to manure them with
human Dung, which has lain
fome Time to meliorate, and
hath loll its Scent. It has ap-
pear’d very evidently, that this
Way of inriching Ground has
had the belt Efl‘eft upon F tuit—
Trees of any other Manure
whatfoever; but chiefly on Vines,

s which will not bear any Other.

T 0 make Wine of Grapes.

If you make Claret, tread or

fqueeze the Grape! between your

,... ,

Hands, and let it {land With the

: Murc or Husks ’till the Tinéture

v41 " .4.

v

be to your liking: But as for
White-wine, you may prefs that
immediately.

When the ”Waite-wine is turn-
ed, fome flop it up immediately;

.2 and are of Opinion, that it will

 

VI

not hurt the Cask, if you has
it half at Foot or more empty;
and that fomething more lhould
be left empty in a Claret-Cask.
This they fill up with fome pro-
per Wine, at the End of ten
Days, when the Fury of its
Working is over. This Wine,
with which it is filled up, mull:
be fuch as will not provoke it»
to work again : This is fre-
quently to be repeated ; for new
Wine will fpend and wafte
fomewhat, ’till it is perfect.

Mr. Mortimer fays, this is the
Way of making their Wines in
Languedoc, and the Southern
Parts of Frame ; but about Paris
they let it (land with the Murc
and the Muft for two Days and
Nights for lVlaite-winer; and at
lealt a Week for Claret; but
they take Care that it be well
covered.

In fome Parts of Frame, it is
a Cui‘rom to tun it up when it
has Wrought in the Keelers, and
to fill it up (as before) with what
is fqueez’d from the Husk ; and
fome with us think this very
practicable.

Whilfi it continues working,
it lhould be kept as warm as can
be, by clofing up any Windows
that [land to the Nari/J, if there
be any fuch in the Cellar, left it
four the Liquor i Then the Vef-
fel is to be flop’d up for good
and all. Some about this Time
roll the Cask about the Cellar,
to mix it with the Lees; and
after it has been ferried again, a
few Days, they rack it otl‘ with
great Improvement. .

To fine the ”Gm down, they
put into the Veffel the Shavings

OI

V I
of green Beer/a, having taken off
all the Rind, and boil’d them
for an Hour in Water, to extraé‘t
their Ranknel‘s; and afterwards
dry them in the Sun, or in an
Oven. A Bufhel or lefs of thefe
Chips will be enough for a Tun
of Wine, and Will put it into a
gentle \Vorking, and purify it in
twenty four Hours Time; and
alfo give it an agreeable Flavour.

Thefe Chips may be walh’d,
and will be better to ufe again
the feeond Time, and over and
over again, ’till they are almol‘t
confumed. Let the Shavings be
planed off as long and as large
as may be, and put them in at
the Bung.

Some fweeten their W'z'rrer
with Raifim of the Sun, trodden
in the Vat with the Grape:, hav-
ing been firfl plump’d by boiling;
or by boiling one half of the
Mutt or Liquor, fenmming it,
and turning it up hot with the
other.

Mr. Mortimer recommends
the following Method as the hell
he has met with, to make Er:-
glr/IJ [Vine : That is, firfl to pick
the Grapcr from the Stalks, then
to prefs them, and to let the
Juice {land twenty four Hours
in the Vat; afterwards to draw
it ofi‘ from the grofs Lees, and
then to put it up in a Cask, and
to add a Pint or Quart of flrong
red or w/Jz'te Port to every Gal-
lon of the Juice ; and then to let it
work together: Bung it up elofe,
and let it Hand ’till yamtar/v;
then bottle it in dry \Veather.
By this Method, he lays, he has
made Eng/517 Him as good as

 

, , V I
any French lee, without any
Adulteration.

Mr. Bradley direéls to gather
the Grape:, when they are full
ripe, in dry Weather, if it may
be; then to put them into the
Vat, and tread them, without
breaking the Stones; or if the
Quantity is not great, to prefs
them with the Hands: That then,
the Liquor, thus prefs’d, ihould
(if the Grape: were dry when
they were gathered) (land in the
Vat, with the Husks and Stalks,
to ferment for fifteen Days ; but
if the Grape: were not gathered
dry, that they fhould not {land
above aWeek or eight Days, be-
fore it be drawn ofl‘, left the
”’13:: turn four, which it will be
apt to do, if the Grape: were
wet.

'Some who are curious pick
the damag’d Grape: off from the
Stalk, before they put the Grape:
in the Vat to be trodden, or‘
fqueeZe them; which makes it
(0 rich in its Flavour, that if it
be compar’d with the Wye made
the common Way from the
fame Graper, it Will not feem to
be of the fame GrOWth.

He adds, That according as
the Vine: have been managed.
the ”Vine will be fironger [or
weaker : That thofe Vine: Which
have their Liberty to rurr up high
Trees, and are never prun’d,
make the finaller H’ine; ; but
thofe that are kept ty’d to Stakes
about four Foot high, and have
their Branches kept prun’d, make~
fironger ll’irrer : But thofe Grape:
that grow nearel‘t the Ground,
make the firongefi: And thefe

are

' V I
are meetimes hung up to dry
‘ three or four Days after they are
gather’d, before they are prefs’ d,
which, fome fay, exhales the wa-
tery Parts.

Mr. Mortimer fays, That he
has drank H/Yire made of the
Grape: of 311' Wlliam Bafll’t’s
Vineyard, near the Bath, that he
thinks Was as good as any of the
11" me: that he had drank either
in Pari: or C bampagm

0f C ultiza mg Wall Vines

As for the Soil, Manner of

lanting, 1‘56. thofe Things
which have been faid before
may be fuflicient The chief
Difference of the Culture be—
tWeen Vmer in Vineyardr, and
againfl Wei/J", is in the Pruning,
(Eff. For 1n our cold Clim te,
where we are oblig’d to plant
them againfi a Wall or other
Shelter, Mr. [Mortimer fays, they
ihould be prun’d only of un—
thritty Branches, filch as are flat,
and grow dry in 14' ’inter; fat
that when they are cut, there is
no Sap' pe‘rceiv’d in them , for
the Plenty of Grape: which they
cannot bear, exhaul‘ts to much
of the No1rifl1ment of the Vm‘,
that it will rather decreafe every
Y car, 111111 grow too luxuriant;

And befides, the more Wood
a Vim has the more Fruit is to
lie expeé‘rcd, became t_1ey are
only the Shoots of the prefenr
Year which bear Fruit; there-

fore as much of the o 'd WoodfManner.

is to be taken away as may be

which has

Branches a1d let them be bend-

ed as low down as well can be,
V o L. 11.

 

 

VI

and young Roots Will grow

from them. _ _

But if they run 1:00 much to
Wood, the Worli of the Bran-
ches fhould be cut oil‘, rather
than (hortc'ned; becauffi lt caufes
them to be tdugh, an not to
moor out young Branches.

If an old Vine does not beat
well, lay doWn a Layer of fome
ot the flrongefl Branches of the
preceding Year, WhiC’h. grow
low, and nurfe up a young Vine
from that Layer , and as the
new Vine fpreads upon the wall,
cut the old one away.

As for Pruning Vines, el'chi-
ally tho‘fe that grow againli
Walls, Mr. Bradley fays, the
right Knowledge of the Seafons
and Manner Of Pruning chiefly
contributes to. give a plentiful
Sto‘re of good ripe Fruit , and
to that End gives the fonowing
Directions:

That whereas it is the com-
mon Practice of Gardeners to
prune their Vine: in Deceméer,‘
they accounting that Seafon to
be much better than :‘fmuary and
Feérzmry , becau“ e the Vine:
prun’d in thofe’ Months are apt
to bleed an ay too much of their
Strength; and Whereas it is

“common with them to leave

four Buds 01- Eyes upon every
pruned Branch, Whether thé‘
Shoots are {irong or Weak, he
owns he has feen V fie! which

,have produc’d good Fruit, tha t

have been ordered after that
But he is certain, that
a1 y Perfon who {hould fee the

only a few goodai m: of Mr. Faire/sild, at Hex-

zm, would manage them after

another Manner. _
C c His

*V I

His Method, of Pruning his
Vine: is, as foon as the Fruit
has been gathered; and accord-
ing to the Strength or Thicknel‘s
of the Branch, he allows a due
Length; as about a Yard long
to a very firong one, and prunes
thofe that have lefs Vigour,
ihorter in Proportion.

He adds, that he has obferv’d,
that by this Method of Pruning,
he never fails of large Quantities
of Graper, which ripen very Well,
and much earlier than any of the
lame Kind that are pruned after
another Manner.

, After this Pruning, the Vine:
mull be lOok’d over again in
Why, and disburthened of all the
fméll, weak Shoots, but rather
by being broken off than cut.
Thofe Shoots, that have Fruit
then appearing upon them, are
to be top’d ; but f0 that a fuflici—
ent Number of Buds be left
above the Fruit, upon each
Branch, in Proportion to the
Strength or Thicknefs of it,
taking Care never to prune
nearer than three or four Buds to
the Fruit: Then the Vine; are
to be examined a third Time in
:711776’; . and thoie barren Bran-
ches, which by' that Time will
have {hot to a great Length, mull
(”if they are not wanted to fur-
nilh fome Vacancy in the “MU )
be quite taken away, or be pru-t
tied, according to their Vigour,
longer or lhorter.

Thol‘e Grape; of the forward
Kinds will, by the Beginning of
fizzgzgfl, be pretty wellgrown,
and then they mutt have a fourth
Pruning, to let the Sun in to
ripen them; but they mull not

1

V I
be left too naked of Leaves, left
the cold Dews, which begin to
fall at the latter End of the
Month, injure the Fruit.

In the Summer-pruning of
Vines, you ought to have a due
Regard to the Number of an~
ches that the Wall Will require
to be laid in, in the Water, to
fupply the Place of the old
Wood, which is then to be taken
away: For you mutt take this
for a certain Rule, that a Fine
does not bear Fruit on any Bran-
ches, but l‘uch as are the Produce
of the lafl Year ; and if they be
manag’d with Difcrction, you
will feldom or never fail to have
good Store of Fruit.

Mr. Col/im fays, That Houfe—
Vim; ought to be laid up at
equal Dillances, the Shoots at
about a Foot one from another :
That it will be fufflcient to leave
five or fix Joints of the laft
Year’s Wood growing. The
Shoots ought to run {trait every
where, and to lie clofe to the
Wall: And every Thing that
puts out on the Sides fhould be
cut otl‘ f0 clol'e to the Arm of
the Vitae, that only one Eye or
Bud lhould be left.

He diteéls, that Pruning be
pert‘orm’d by beginning the Slope
on the Side oppofite to the Eye,
and but a very little higher than
the Bud; and for this Reafon,
that it will prevent it from being
dellroy’d by the Wet.

This \Vood, he fays, will lafl:
good for Bearing large Fruit for
about eight Years ; at which
Time you lhould cut clear away
every other Branch, and if pOfll~
Ible from the Bottom, as near to-

wards

 

V I

wards the Root as any young
Wood [hall arife: In the Mn-
ter-pruning, two Shoots thould
be cut off there, leaving about
three Joints to form the Vim
anew: By following this Me‘
thod, there will never be above
half the Vine. loft; and in three
Years Time the Tree will be
large: And at that Time you
lhould prune off all the old
Wood to the fetting on of the
young.

And whereas it is faid, that
Vine: fhould have three Prunings
in a Year, he approves of no
more than two, viz. the Winter-
pruning, and another when the
Fruit is fetting : And that tho’
fome ufe another later Pruning,
there is but little Occafion for
it; becaufe they are apt to take
thofe Shoots off within a Joint
or two of the Arm, which do
not bear ; mofi of thofe Shoots
dying, whereby frequently the
Knots are loft. And befides, if
Vine: are not intolerably thick,
the Grape; will ripen as well in
a hot Seafon, and fooner ina
cold one.

But he fays, Vine: planted
againft Garden-Walls mufl be
ordered after a difi’erent Manner;
and if a Wall can be fpared for
that Purpofe, they fhould be [‘0
layered, that they may rife at
about fourteen Inches Difiance,
at which they ought to fill the
Wall from one End to the other
in a direct Line. ‘

Thefe, like Houfe «Vinny,
ihould not in one Year have
more than three or four of their
Joints prun’d, except the Vim;
are naturally (hon—jointed ones,

VI

and then eight or nine Joints
may be left on.

Thefe ought to be cut down
near the Ground once in eight
or nine Years ; but the Year be--
fore this is intended to bedone,
Care ought to be taken to leave
and prepare intermediate Shoots,
that will be firong enough to
bear fome Fruit, the fame Seafon
in which the old Wood is totally
cut out.

But thefe Finer, he lays, he
has varioufly made Ufe of : For
on a Santa-Wall, Where Nec‘Za-
rim: and Peaclze: haVe been
planted at equal Dil‘tances, each
intermediate Space has been fill’d
up with a Vim, running and
meeting in the Middle, over
each Tree.

Thefe Vine: fill the VVaII to.
the T0p, at what Height foever;
and as the Roots are no Preju-
dice to the Stone-Fruit, tho’
they may perhaps interfere, fo
neither does the dropping of the
Leaves do any Injury to the
Fruit; but on the contrary c0n—
tribute very much in wet 314m-
merr to the keeping of it found.

Mr. Laurence fays, the Vine
of‘all other Trees needs pruning
mofi ; and tho’ it is the ealiefi to
be perform’d, (as far as his.Ob-’
fervation has gone) yet it is the
leafi underflood.

The Vine, in the Condition it
is commonly left in Nawméer,
is confus’d and ruinous enough,
if it has any Thing of Youth and
Vigour; altho’ it has been Care—
fully -manag’d in the .S‘am'mer
preceding; bec’aufe it puts out

 

the mofi and longefl Shoors of
any otherbTree. V _
C e a He”

VI

He refers to his firfi and third
General Direfiiom for Priming,
which are, that the more the
Branches of any Tree are car-
ried horizontally, the more apt
and the better difpos’d that Tree
will be to bear Fruit ; and con-
fequently the more upright and
perpendicular the Branches are
led, the more difpos’d’ that Tree
is to increafe in Wood, and lefs
in Fruit.

The third Rule, is to take
Care that the Tree be not over
full or crouded with Wood, my
not with bearing Branches ; be-
caufe Nature not being able to
fupply a fuifieient Quantity of
fuitable Juices for them, of Con—
I‘equence none of them will
be fupply’d, but either the Blof.
fonts will drop, or the Fruit will
dwindle to nothing,

Thofc Direélions having been
obl‘ervcd, he further propofes this
Obfervation, that the leffer and
veaker Shoots of a Vine never
hear any Fruit; and therefore
they are intirely to be cut off,
or elfe they will only tend to
weaken the Tree in drawing of?
the Sap, which ihould go to
nourilh the Fruit Branches,
which are thofe of the moi}
vigorous Sort; and therefore
ought to be preferv’d with Care,
leaving only four or five Buds,
or Eyes of the lalt Years Shoots;
for if more be left they will ex-
hanll the Sap in vain ; for they
are only the firlt and fecond
Fyes that bear Fruit.

Tho’ indeed, when :1 Vin:
has put forth a Shoo: that is
more vieorous than ordinary,
if you can carry it horizonticah
' 1

 

VI

ly into a void Place, it will
fometimes bear in five or fix of
the extreme Eyes ; and in fuch
a cafe it may be left longer; but
this is not to be ptaétifed in or—
dinary.

A Vine ought to be thinner
of Wood thanany other Tree,
and therefore it ought to be care
fully examined, What old Wood
may be intirely fpared, and how
the Spaces may be convenient—
ly fill’d up with neighbouring
Vigorous Shoots; taking Care
every Year to cut out the old
\Vood, and to preferve the
new.

The Time of this firfi prun-
ing may be before February, but
he thinks it not advii‘eable that
it be afterWards, left the Vine
fliould bleed in the Spring, which
it will be very apt to do at
thofe Places Where any thick
Branches have been cut off.

The fecond Pruning, he di—
re€ts to be performed about the
middle of Illa}; when the Bun-
ches of Grapes are perfectly
formed, and the Branch has {hot
out to the length of two or
three Foot.

This is to be done by punch-
ing off the Branch about fix Inn
ches above the Fruit ; then nail
or tye “it clofe to the \Vall, that
if it can be done the Fruit may
touch it.

As fOr the fruitlefs Branches
you may let them alone till the
third Pruning at Zifidfummer, at
which Time the Vine is to be
l’G-fT‘iiimlnCd and disburthened of
the Multitude of luxuriant Bran-
ches it is apt to put forth, fhor-
tening them to a convenient

Length,

VI

Length, that the Rays of the
Sun may have Accefs to the
Fruit to ripen it ; but fo as not
to expofe it too much for fear
of cold Nights and Rains.

And befides this, he fays, that
avigorous Vine will require a
fourth pruning about tinge/i,
when it has {hot out long Shoots
from the Extremities of the lat}
Pruning ; for they mull be {hor-
tened, and fome of the Leaves
mul‘t be pull’d of? with difcre-
tion from before the Fruit.

He adds, that it is a Rule,
that nothing ought to be fuffer-
ed to grow upon a Vim, even
in Summer, but what is abfo-
lutely necefiary for ”7005!, Fruit
and Shelter, and that all belides
thefe tend to Poverty and Bar-
rennefs: And if all the Fruit
Branches were intirely taken a-
way, there could be no want
of bearing \Vood ; the contrary
Praétice of fuffering [‘0 much
Confufion, and ['0 many fruit-
lefs Branches in a Vim, is what
has difcourag’d many from Hopes
of Succefs.

He alfo advifes, at the lat-
ter end of Illa}, to nail the
molt forward projeéting Bran-
ches, where Fruit is, Clofe to
the Wall, which, tho’ it is what
is not ordinarily direéted to
be done, and fo commonly neg-
lected ; it is often the Oceafion
that many Grapes never come
to maturity, but are (larved with
cold Winds and Dews.

Mr. Bradley acquaints us, he
gave the following Advice f0:
the Management of old Vina,
which had been neglcé‘ted for
fome Years. IIiri‘t he obferves,

 

VI

That all Vine: bring their
Grapes upon Shoots of the lame
Year, and thofe Shoots, 'as well
as the Grapes they produce, are
much fairer and better furniih—
ed, as they fprout from large
Shoots of the former ; whereas
thofe which grow from the old
Hack Wood are faint and weak,
and afi‘ord only finall Bunches
of Grapes which ripen late;
therefore it has been the ufual
Praétice of the beft Attifls to
keep their Vine: low, and to
lay the Branches, for hearing,
as near to the Ground as poll
fibly may be, which both caufes
the Fruit to be} larger and to ri-
pen much fooner; and efpecially
if Part of them be buried in the
Earth, fo that they may take
Root, for then they will have
double Nonrifhment ; viz. from
the Root of the Mother Plant
and from the Fibres which {hoot
out of the Layers. And alfo
thefe young Shoots may be help-
ed in their Growth, by laying
little Balls of foft Soap for the
Roots to {trike into. '

And in the Cafe before- men-
tioned, the Viva-5 may be brought
into a Method two lVays.

I. They mull be difengaged
from the Walls, and difincm-
bred of all the linaller Shoots,
fuch only of the new ones being
left as are about the Thiclw
nefs of ones little Finger, or
the ,largefi that can be found
of the fame Year, which, it‘they
are firong Shoots may be pruned
to three Foot long or more, or
may be left in Proportion as they
are lefs vigorous. ' ‘ ' ‘ ’

G c 3 When

VI

When you have thus ordered
the Wm, then you may dig up
the Ground round about it, and
bend the whole Vine downwards
as near to the Earth as can be,
and fatten it (‘0 with fltong
Hooks, or Stakes, that the
Spring of the Body of the Vine
may be fo curb’d, that it lhall
not be able at any Time to [lit
the young Layers, and draw
them out of the Earth.

For every Shoot, after it has
been pruned according to the
former Directions, is to be laid
into the Ground two or three
Joints at leafi, and the Parts of
them which rife ' out of the
Ground for hearing, are to be
ty‘d up to Stakes ofa Foot long;
for tho’ they may not appear to
be above a Foot long, when
you lay them down in Novem-
ber, yet there mul‘t be Provifion
made for tying up the young
Sprouts, which will fprout from
them the next Summer ; and by
this means there will in one
Years Time be a little Vineyard,
bearing Fruit, rail‘ed out of one
tingle Plant, if it be large and
well furnilhed with Branches.

When the Fruit is ripe, the
Layer: may be cut from the old
Vine, and you may ereét the Stem
or Body to the Wall from whence
it was taken, and fallen it up a—
gainlt it.

But in the mean Time, when
this Vim? is firft laid down in
the Earth, you may contrive to
place a Layer or two to near
the Wall, that they may remain
there. , .

And belides he thinks it would
be advifeable to provide Pots for

VI

the other Layerr, and to draw
them through, rather than to
lay them in the naked Earth, be-
caufe if fo, when they had ripen-
ed the firft fruit, they might be
removed to any Place at Plea-
fure, withour either haZard or
lofs of Time.

The fecond Way he preferibes
of improving old unruly Vines, is
to prune them as has been be-
fore ’direéted, altho’ they do
grow very high, and to draw
thofe Shoots that are proper for
bearing, and are at fome Dill wnce
from the Ground, thro’ Gar-
den Pots, fallened to the Wall
in Iron Rings, and filled with
Earth, and this will both ha-
fteu the ripening of the Fruit,
and enlarge the Bunches, as
well as if they grew near the
Ground, and nourilh the whole
Tree; for every Part of the
Tree would participate of the
Nourifhment which is drawn
from the Earth which is in the
Pots by the Roots of thefe Bran-
ches, which grow from them :
But it will be neceflary, if the
Seafon be dry, every now and
then to allil‘t the rooting of the
Branches in the Pots by water-
ing them.

A Vme ordered in this Manner
will afford us as many Plants as
there are Pots, when they are
feparated from the old Stock,
or if you have not a Mind to
feparate them from their MOther
Root, you may very well let
them remain in the Pots for
three Years; but then in the
mean Time no other Shoots of
the old Trees {hould be en-

 

couraged, except it be thofe
Wthh

VI

. which fprout from thofe Parts
are rooted in the Pots; unlefs
the Delign be to fupply the
Place of the firfi that are to be
taken away.

He alfo recommends the graft-
ing of one Vine upon another,
which, he is of Opinion, may
be done two ways; but both
of them mull be performed upon
the tender green Shoots, about
the middle time of their Growth,
and the Cyons alfo mull be of
the fame Growth and Tender—
nefs.

The firlt is to be performed
in the common Method of graft-
ing ; either by cutting the Cyon
like a Wedge for the Clift, or
floping one tide of the Stock—
flioot out, and fitting the Cyon
to it with a Tongue. Thefe
{hould be bound together as light
as can be, without bruifing ei—
ther the Stock or Cyon; andthen
lhould be with a large painting
Pencil, thinly covered over with
a Mixture of Tallow, Bees-
Wax and Turpentine, equal
Parts, melted together, but not
over hot.

A fecond Way may be, by
inarching the tender Shoots one
into another, and then bind-
ing and plaiftering, or anointing
them as was directed before.
This he approves of as the furefl
\Vay of the two, and if we
have any Viae; meted in Pots
may be eafily accompliih’d.

And if this Way fucceeds,
befides the Pleafure of feeing fe-
veral Sorts of Grapes upon one
and the fame- Vz'm, any Sort of
Vim, which we like belt, may
be prOpagated, with more iiafe 3

 

VI

and he is of Opinion, we may
very expeditioufly bring them to
bearing. The belt Time of this
grafling, he thinks, is 3am.

He alfo prefents us with an ‘
Obfervation or two on Vina,
which were made to {hoot near
two Months fooner than Na-
ture her felf Would have put
them into Motion.

He fays, he took ‘Notice of
aVine which was planted agalnft
Baker’s Oven, which fprouted
in the Beginning of [Wan/a, and
continued from that Time (hoot-
ing vigoroufly all the Summer;
and altho’ it grew in a flifi' wet
Ground, and had little Advan-
tage of the Heat of the Sun, yet
the Grapes ripened much fooncr
than any others of the fame
Kind. '

And alfo that another Vine
that was planted againfi an Oven
in a fandy foil and warm Ex-
pofure, at the Pot-houfe at Ful-
1mm, which was continually kept
hot for the baking of earthen
Pots, began to bud about 3mm-
ry, and ( as he was informed )
would have ripe Grapes in awe,
being aflified by a Glafs Frame,
with which it ufcd to be cover-
ed in fevere Weather,

He adds, if a Vim planted a-
gainli the Back of a Chimney,
where a Wood or Turf F ire is
conflantly kept, fo as to warm
the Bricks, it will caufe it to
fprout early, and bring its Fruit
fooner to Perfc€tion than other
View, which have not that He] p;
as he has found by experience:

If then ‘a Vine, by this Means,
is brought to {hoot or blofl'om
earlier than ufual, he advit‘es,

C C 4 that

V I

that we be not deceived by the
too common Opinion, that the
expoling the Bloflbm or young
Fruit immediately to the Sun
will hafien its Maturity, or
make it large, and to do as fome
do, to pull away the Leaves
from about it ; for doing f0 does
rather retard its ripening than
forward it ; for it contraéls the
outward Skin of the Fruit ['0
much, that it cannot receive the
Nouriihment it ought, and o—
fherwil'e would do. '

All that know any Thing of
the Nature of the Growth of
Vegetables muft allow that
Shade does always contribute to
the large Growth of Plants and
Fruits; and that the‘Heat of the
Sun is chiefly requifite for the
ripening of them; therefore he
advifes .to let young growing;
Fruit always remain ihelteretl
with their Leaves, till it be full
grown, and then you may be-
gin to lay it open to the Sun,
in order to its ripening.

Grapes ihould he gathered in

a dry day, and when they aref

very plump and tranfparent, that
is, when the Seeds or Stones
are black and clear, not vifcons
or elammy, when the Stalks be-
gin to flirivel at the Part next
to the Branch, which is a tign
they have done feeding; but if
Rain come, and Froil immedi—
ately fncceeds, then you mull ga-
ther them as foon as you can.

It is the hell Way not to pull
Grapes from the Vim, but to
cut them or}; and it“ they are. for
W’ine, to put them into Baskets,
and empty them out laying them
in Heaps on aFloor, to (wear

 

V I
for four or five Days, .or a
Week, and that will make them
the riper.

Mr. Laurence rays he has try-
ed fome Experiments for the
accelerating the ripening of
Grapes, as putting the Fruit in
jzmeinto an empty Flask, and
running the Branches upon the
Tiles of the Houfe, or on a
flope Wall, but neither did an-
fwer his Expeéiation : For tho’
the Grapes in the Flask ripened
fooner, yet they Were apt to be
mouldy for want of free Air,
and had an infipid Tafle; and
the Slopes, tho’ they admitted
more of the Sun’s Rays, yet
the Fruit was more expofed to
the Rains, Dews, and cold
Nights, which feem’d to over-
power the Heat of the Sun.

hit. Bradley fays, the Francis
Way of managing Wall Vine: is
as follows; .,

The [fixer mufi firi‘t of all
be brought to fhoot with Vi-
gour, that there may be two or
riiree Shoots of Strength to
lay to the Wall for Service;
and this depends upon the pru—
ning of the final! Shoots. As
for Example, [uppole a young
Vim’ planted in the Spring 1723,
which at Mic/2m~lm.zfi that Year
has {hot two or three finall
Twigs, about as thick as VVheat
Straws; when thofe Twigs have
done growing, they mull be cut
down, to as to leave only one
Bud upon each Shoot ; f0 that
the next Aiming, in the Year
1724, the Sap which was «de-
iign’d by Nature r0 furnifh all
the Buds in the Twigs which
were cut of, will be employ’d

only

VI

only to nourifh the few fingle
Buds that were left in Pruning,
and will fling the remaining
Buds into vigorous Shoots,
which, in the Vine, are thofe that
bring bearing Branches.

The Shoots which proceed
from their Buds in the Spring,
1723, will, at Michaelmafi, the
fame Year, be at their full
Growth ; and ihould not be
broken or touch’d with a Knife
while they are in their growing
State ; for that will fer them to
branch, which {hould be avoid-
ed.

When the Vim is come to the
aforefaid State, at Michaelmaf:
1 724, the next Thing to be con-
fidered, is, what Length the
Shoots of that Year {hould be
pruned to, when they are laid
down to the Wall; and that
Pruning mufi be ordered accord-
ing to the Strength ot‘ the Shoots.
If the Shoots are about three
Fourths of an Inch Diameter,
they may be left about four Foot
and a halr‘long ; if they be about
half an Incn Diameter, they may
be left three Foot long ; and as
they are let‘s, they fhould be
ihortened in Proportion. But
any of thefe, if their Buds or
Joints be clofe, innit be left
{horter than if their Joints are
wide afimder.

Mr. flimtimcr fays, the belt
Way to keep Cray/ex, is to hang
them up in the Air, faliened to a
Packthrcad ; but it' you would
preferve them ’till towards the
Spring of the Year, you fnould
gather them before they are full
ripe, and conliantly pick our
thole that begin to rot. And,

 

VI

fome fay, the bei‘t Way to keep
Grapet, is to hang them u in a
Barrel, which may be hea ed up
fo clofe, that no Air may come
at them. And others lay them
in a Cask, in Oat-Chaff.
Mr. Bradley acquaints us, that
a Friend of his had a Parcel of
Vine-Cuttings, which he had
kept without Earth for near two
Months ;\ and accidentally re-
membring them in April, put
them all together into a Hot-bed,
where in little more than a
Week’s Time, they made Roots,
and began to bud; and in a
F ortnight’s Time they made vi-
gorous Shoots, which promifed
Branches of great Length, altho’
they were taken out of the Earth
feveral Times, to fee what:
Roots they had: And that as
there did yet remain a Difficulty
as to the Tranfpl ‘nting them in—
to proper Places in due Time;
for that they being in Leaf, the
common Ground would not be
fuflicient to maintain them with‘
out Artifice: He therefore ad-
vifed him to tranfplant them in-
to Pots, and to continue the:
in a Hot-bed. hardening them
by Degrees, in the Szzmmer; ta—
king Care the. tender Roots,
which were full and of a rabbi/b
Colour, {honid not be fufered
to be dry before they were fit
into the Pots, nor be the leaft
brniie ; and he was of Opinion,
that they would make Plants that
Summer fit to bear Fruit the
next. The Pots, he fays, will
fccnre their rl‘ranfialantation at
any Seafon Without any Check,
becaufe they may be fct in the
common

V I
common Ground without the
Earth about their Roots.

The Hot-bed made Ufe of
Was covered with Virgin Earth,
near feven Inches deep, and
work’d with Gentlenefs, and
produc'd a natural Heat.

He adds, that in the Year
172.0, he made an Experiment,
as to the facilitating the Railing
of Vine: from Cuttiogr, by
Means of common foft Soap;
and he recommends it particu-
larly to the Curious, that they
may begin early enough. The
young Shoots which appear in
May, howeVer tender they are,
may be taken from the Vine;
and after having taken off the
lower Leaves, you may foap
the Whole Part well, which is to
be (Er in the Earth, and then
plant them in a fine Earth, made
into Mud by Water. The Wa-
ter mull be of the common fort;
for if you Life the Water of
Dunghils, it will dellroy them.
Thefe, thus planted in common
Earth, will, in lefs than lix'
Weeks, have taken Root. And
he fuppofes, that if they had the
Afiiflanee of a Hot-Bed, they
would do Wonders ; for Son}; is
of great Ufe to 'Vimr.

Mr. Collim fays, that being at
London, and finding fome ot‘the
largell, noblell Gropoy, which
came from Portugal, he thv’d
more than a Dozen of the Scodt;
which were fown in a Pot, in
February, and came up very well,
and grew up in one Sealbn to
the Height of fifteen or tixreen
Inches, but not flrong enough to
{land the ll’inter; and therefore
they were houfed. And that

VI

he fllOllld be oblig’d \to prune
them ofl‘at two Joints above the
Ground ; but fome at one, which
he did fuppofe, would by the fe-
eond Year be l‘trong enough to,
plant out with Security.

to VIOLET&

Variant Kindn]

10 L E TS, Mr. Bradley

fays, are of feveral Sorts,
and are either jingle or double;
the molt COmmon of them culti-
vated in Gardens, are the fiagle
blue, and More Kinds; the more ,
rare are the double blue, and the -
doable tubite ; and another Sort
that hath avaricgaz‘cd Leaves.

Soil, and 1142}! ofPropagzztion.]
They delight in a binding Soil,
and lhady Places. All thefe,
Mr. Morilmer fays, as well the
double as fingle Sort, and of’
whatColour foever they be, tho’ '
they do produce Seed in little
reddi/lz Shells or Husks, yet they
are multiply’d only by Slip, each .
Plant or Stock of them growing
infenfibly into a Tuft that may
be divided into feveral little
ones ; which being replanted, do
in Time grow bigr enough to be '
divided into others.

The proper Seafon for divi-
ding and replanting them, Mr:
Bradley lays, is either in AFR/27m
my or'Stwcmbcr; but he rather
approves of the later. They all ‘
blow in .ll'l'czrob ; and belidesu
6their Beauty, perfume the Air
with a molt grateful Odour.
éThe Sorts' with doable Flowers.
if their Roots be llrong, do alfo
blollbln in Aurora”.

 

Mr.

V I

Mr. Mortimer fays, the douéle
. Violet: mere particularly ferve to
: make pretty Borders in Kitchin-
Gardens : And Mr. Bradley ad-
vifes, to plant them among
~Primrofe: and Cow/11px, under
Hedges, and the molt rural Pla—
ces of the Gardet‘or near the

Edges of Garden-Beds.

20. VIOLET MORIAN, or CAN~
TERBURY BELLS.

R. [Wartimer fays, this Plant

is rais’d of Seeds, which
{hould be fown in April; it
comes up the firfi Year, and
{hould be afterwards remov’d
where the Plants may fland to
bear Flowers. The whole Plant
dies as foon as the Seeds are
ripe.

77m Double V I R G I N 5-
Bowen

:1.

THIS Plant is ofa twining
Nature, or is a climbing
Tree; and mull be filpponed
with Stakes or Props : It is fit
to cover Arbours or Places of
Repofe. It bears Flowers of a
Vzoler Colour,which grow in great
Numbers, almofi covering the
Plant in yuly and Augu/l, and
’till the Cold prevent them. It
loves a light Soil ; and may be
rais’d from Layer: in Septemécr,
and fume fay al'fo from Cuttiugr.
Mr. [Wartimer fays, you may
‘ cut off molt of the fmall Bran-
ches in Winter : It {hoots early,
and fpreads very much in Sum-
mer. It may either be planted
againfl a “fall, or fet among
other flowering Shrubs in aVVil-

dtrnefs.

 

 

V I
There are alfo jingle ones,
both purple and red; but the
double ones are molt el‘teemed.
22. VIRGINIAN -CLIMBER, or
MARACIE. ‘

Defiriptian.]

MR. Mortimer thus defcrlbes
this Plant: It comes out
of the Ground in May, with
long, round, winding. Stalks,
more or lefs, and in Height ac-
cording to the Age. From each
Joint proceeds a Leaf from the
Middle to the Top, a Clafper
like a Wire, and a Flower ; the
Leaves are of a whirl J Colour,
with a Ring of a per eét Pearl:-
Colour toward the Bottom, and
a white Circle above and beneath
it; but the {trongel’t Part is the
Umbrane, which rifes in the
Middle, and divides itfelf into
four or five {potted Horns ; out
of the Midfi of this, there rifes
another roundilh Head, which
carries three Nails or Bars, big-
ger above and fmaller at the
lower End. It bears beautiful
Flowers in Augufl; and its Fruit
is like a Pomegranate. The
Stalk dies to the Ground every
ll’iuter, in which it lhould be
covered and defended from hard
Frolts; and fprings again from

the Roots in [Way
It ought to be planted in a
large Pot, both to prevent the
Roots from running, and for
the Conveniency of fetting it in
the Sun in Summer, and houfing
it in the [Winter : For if it be
not fer in the hottefl Expofure,
it will not bear at all. The Pots
may alfo be let in Hot-beds in
the

UM

the Spring, to bring them for-
wards.

23. UMBELLIFEROUS.

MBELLIFEROUS

Plants, are fuch as have
their Tops branched and fpread
out like an Umérellrz, on each
little Sub-divifion of which there
is growing a fmall Flower; as
Ferrite], Dill, {3%. and the Tops
of thefe are called Umbelr, by
fome Writers.

:4. UMBRIFEROUS.

MBRIFEROUS, is ma-
king or calling a Shade.

25. UMBROSE.

MBROSE is fliady, call-
ing a Shade.

2.6. UMBROSITY.

fllBROSlTT, a thick
Shade of Trees.

27. UNIFORM.

UN I F 0 R ll] Plant: or Flaw—

m, are fuch as are all round
of the fame Figure, having the
fore and back Parts, as allb their
right and left Parts exae‘tly alike.

:8. URINE.

R. Rfor‘mizer fays, he pre-
fers Urine for Trees far
before Dung, heeaul‘e it pene—
trates better to the Roots, and is
much to be preferr’d for curing
feveral lnfirmities of Trees :

 

In

U R '
which Opinion, he is confirtn’d:
by a Letter he received from a:
Friend concerning the Prefervingq
of Fruit-Trees in Kent; wherein}
he fays, it was formerly (as alll
ancient Graziers know) a Cuf-l
tom to keep up and fatten theiri
Oxen in Sta , in which earthem
Vellels were plac’d under the:
Planks to receive the Urine that:
came from them; with whichl
Urine, they (in the Month 05‘
Marc/9 ) two or three Times
walh’d the molly, cankered,l
worm-eaten and unfound Trees,.:
and poured fome of it to the>
Roots; and if Plenty of it were;
now to be had, he doubts not
but that Pgopiu-Treer might be;

rais’d, made to thrive and flour

rifh as well as heretofore.

Mr. .Mortz'mer fays, That he;
is in Fear that the Keuti/lj-Pi/inn
will be loll, unlefs fome, Per-v-
fons are encourag’d by thefe Ob-‘
fervations to fet about the Culti—
vating of them. For tho’ he
finds old Trees of that Sort in
Kcm‘, Eflhx and flerrfunl/bire,
yet he does not find that any
young ones prol‘per: And that
in Iler‘rffbr‘rlfljll't‘ a Friend of his
hnd try’d a great many EVperi—

ments about railing of them; but ;
tho’ he h ld in the [lime Orchardfi;

old ones that grew and bore very‘

(

well, yet he could never get the;

young ones to thrive.
all'o try’tl feveral

himfelf, and tho’ he has had

That he:.
Experiments -

young Trees that have thriven l‘o :

well as to make many Shoots of

:1 Yard long in a Year, yet theft: :

young Shoots were always blaft- .

ed the next Year, or eankered;
Wh'eh makes him think the An-
cienrs

UR

scients had fome particular Way
tot‘ raiting them, that we have
Jolt the Knov‘vledge of ; and by
LlCircumflances, it feems very
Eflikely they did make Ufe of
~lUrine ; for that he has found by
(lExperience, that there is nothing
,‘mOre advantageous than Urim’,
_"'for the Improvement of all Sorts
:of Vegetables.

And therefore he is forry to
.T find, that to ufeful a Material as
iUrine ihould be ('0 much neg-
.Tleéted, and generally let run to
"iWafie, of which to great Ad-
, :vantage is made in Flemderr, and
other Parts beyond Sea.

Sir Hag/9 Plat fays, That if
.you mix Cow-Dung and Urine
together, and walh‘ Trees with
it with a Bruih once in two or
three Months, it will keep C0-
.~m'e:, [{areI, £95m from barking
:them, and will defiroy the Can-
éker.

The fame Author, and Dr.
iPIor, and others fay, Urine is a
4 very beneficial Manure, and may
i138 well be apply’d to the Body
r and Branches of a Tree, to cure
'Cankersi‘kill Mofs and Worms,
ia-s at the Root (that is, in mo-
derate Quantities) to warm, in-
vigorate and quicken the Circu-
lation of the Sap, efpecially in a
:cold, barren Soil.

Tho’ Glazeéer accounts Urine
‘ to be of a dellrue’live, mortifying
T'Nature to Vegetables, becaufe
Lof the 5.41 flrmmiack Quality
’that is in it; yet Mr. Mortimer
' lays, that it is only an indifereet
lUfe that is made of it, by ufing
ttoo great :1 Quantity that maltes
tit lb; and that even Dung'it felt‘,

W A
if it be laid too thick, will have
the fame Efi‘et‘l for a Time.

And that there is nothing that
will improve Land, or increaf‘c
the Strength of Manure, or help
the Fermentation of Dung, more
than Urine Will do: And for
that Reafon, they are as careful
to preferve the Urine of their
Beafls, in Holland, as they are to
fave their Dung. And Mr.
Hartlib commends it as a very,
great Improver of Land. See
the Paragraph Sheep-Dung, in
the Article Dung.

 

W A
1. WALKS.

R. Switzer direfts, That
the Bottom of He’d/fir

be fill’d with Lime-
Rubbifh, or coarfe Gravel, Flint-
Stones, or other rocky Stufl“, in
Order to keep the Weeds from

 

growing through; and that this
ought to be eight or ten Inches,
over which may be laid fix or
eight Inches of fine Gravel, not
sktecn’d, beeaufe that I'poils it,
but beft on a round Heap, to
that the great, rough Stones may
run down on each Side, which
being every now and then rak’d
off, the Gravel will be fine -e-'
nough for the Purpofe. The
Finenefs of the Gravel in fome
”Gt/Kw, he fays, is an mapardom
able Folly.

‘K’TIICH

 

W A

When the Gravel is laid fix
'or eight Inches thick, then the
Walk mull: be rak’d true and le-
Vel from all great Dips as well
as little Holes : Then you will
be oblig’d to rake almofl all the
Stones of the Walk under your
Feet ; but tho’ many Gardeners
do bury them all (even to a
Fault) he advifes, rather to
fprinkle them back again gently
over the lafi Length that is ra-
ked, by doing which, the ll/zzlk
will lie much the firmer, and
the coarfefi Stones contribute
much to its doing fo.

He finds Fault, that Wall‘s
are frequently made too round,
and fometimes to that Degree
that they cannot be walked on
with that Earth and Pleafure, that
otherwife they might be; and
befides that, the Roundnei‘s takes
ofi‘ a great deal from the feeming
Breadth of the ll'irllx And adds,

that an Inch Crown in five Foot”

is What is commonly allow’d
for a Gravel-112% ; f0 that flip—
pofing a 14’"le to be twenty Foot
wide, ’it is four Inches higheron
_ the Middle than on each Side;
and ifit be twenty five Foot Wide,
five Inches ; if thirty Foot, fix 3
and‘ to on.

After the ”fall, has been care-
fully laid, or indeed after every
Length or Part ot‘ it, which
commonly is about fifteen each;
then it mull be carefully roli’d
long-ways and (trots-ways, the
Perfon that rolls it, wearing flxt
heel’d Shoes, that he does not
make Holes in the 1141/13; to
when they are once made in a
new [Va/lg it' is not cal}! to roll
them out again.

'1

W A

Theft: Walk: muff be fure to;
have three or four Water-Rol-l
lings, to lay the Walk firm. AP.
Water —Rolling is , performed,l
when it rains fo very fall, that:
the Walk: fwim With Water;
and this will make the Gravel:-
bind; and when once dry Wea-i
ther comes, they bind as hard asr
a Tcrmfr. 3 Y

He recommends Iron-mould;
Gravel as the bell Gravel fort
binding, or Gravel with a little.‘
binding Lime amonglt it; and)
tho’ the latter is apt to (lick too
the Heels of Shoes in hot Wea-i-
ther, yet nothing binds better int
dry Weather.

Sometimes Loam is miX’d>
with it when the Gravel is over:
fandy or {harp ; this being caft im
Heaps, and well mix’d together,x
will bind like a Rock ; whereasr
loofe Gravel is as uncornforta~r
ble and uneafie, as any other:
Fault in a Walk. In this, he;
[1in, we in England exceed the:
Date/J, Flemming: and Frem/J.

The Time he recommends for?
Laying lVal/ér, is in the Month:-
of [Ware/J. ,

Mr. Mortimer lays, the bell
[Va/l: in ll’intcr, or wet Seafons;
are fuch as are pav’d with Free;
Stone ; but thofe Stones are apua
to break and moulder with the:
Frolls; but he eitcems Gravel;
Walks which are made of gooex
binding Gravel that will no»
poach, as much better.

If the Gravel is found tc;
poach, he advil‘es, to mix a gooc:

 

[Quantity of Sand with it, whiel.
Swill not only make it folid am.
ifirm, but alfo more beautitul.

Tha,

WA

That Sand, which is the

‘ loofell and largeii grain’d, is the

r _ conflantly roll’d,

bell for that Purpofe.

Some grind 0r pound Sea-
Shells, and lay a thin Coat of it
on the Gravel; .this, by being
incorporates
with the Gravel, and hinders it
from flicking 'to the Shoes.

thers beat Bricks fmall to
Drift, and firew it on the [Va/tr;
this dries up the Moil‘ture, and
gives the lValkr a fine Colour.

Some beat Smith’s Cinders to
Dul‘yand do the fame ; thefe
are of a very drying Quality.

In Order to prevent Weeds in
H’alér, he advifes, when they

- are firll made, to dig the Earth

aWay deep, where the Gravel is
to be laid ; and if the Soil be a
clayey one, or fuch a one as is

.. apt to produce Weeds, it lhould
‘.~ be dug the deeper, and the Gra-

vel mull be laid the thicker.
Some pave the Walk; all over

‘with Flint-Stones or Pebbles,

and lay the Gravel on this Pave-

. ment, the coarfefi undermoll,
. and the finell uppermofl.

The Walt: mull be kept well

: roll’d, efpecially as foon after
. Rain as the Top will be to dry
.- as not to [lick to the Roller;
; and this will make them bind.

}

If the [1’ 211*: grow moifey, 0r
rdifcoloured, they may be flirted

' with a Spade, as deep as the

i

n. .a— ~v

_fine‘«.’t Gravel lies.

He recommends the VVater-
ing ”21.4; with the Brine of falt-
ed Meat, or the Liquor that
Salters call Bitterfi, which is
better to kill W orms and Ants,
and alfo VVeed-s.

 

WA

In Order to cure Walk: as to
Moillure, efpeeially after F roll,
which loofens the Gravel, and
then long {baking Rain: make it
flick and hang to the Feet; he
advifes, to lay the Walk: round,
and to make good Drains where
the Water Ettles. See Sand,
Gravel, 65%.

In Order to defiroy Worms,
in either Gravel 0r Grafs-Walks,
Mr. Laurence advifes, to fill a
Cifiern or large Trough with
Water, in Autumn, and put in
a large Quantity of Wainw-
Leaver, and to let them [land to’
{leep for a Fortnight or three
Weeks, and by that Time the
Water will have taken fuch a
bitter Tinéttire, that if a [mall
Quantity be pour’d gently on
fueh Places as are molt annoy’d
with Worms, by that Time you
can flippofe the Water has
reach’d them, the Worms will
hurry out of their Holes, and
crawl in Numbers under your
Feet; f0 that you may gather
them up, and throw thema—
Way.

This, he fays, will certainly
defiroy them; may be done at
any Time of the Day, and often
repeated ; and they may be taken
in a Summer’s Evening by a
Lanthorn and Candle.

Graft-walks are very pleafant
in Summer~Time, and dry Wea—
ther: They may be either made
by laying them with Turf, or
fowing them with Hay—Seed, and
raking them fine and level, and
keeping them well roll’d and
weedcd; and if they are often
mown, it will make the Grafs
fine.

To

W A

To prevent them from being
moifi, they may be laid a little
rounding, and that will make
them cafi oh" the Water the bet-
ter ; and after they are grazed, if
~ they be covered with fine Gravel
or Sand, it will dry up the Moi-
flure at the Top of them, and in
a little Time make the Grafs
finer than it was before, when
the Sand or Stones are once
{truck into the Ground; but it
will be fome Time before they
are, and ’tiil fuch Time they Will
be uneven and rough: But if
they are laid on againli I/Vim'cr,
and are often rolled, the Stones
will quickly fettle, f0 that the
Grafs may be mown, tho’ not
at the firii Time f0 fliort as it
ought to be.

If there be alfo a Water-Ta-
ble on each Side the W'alk, it
will be very good to drain the
Hitler, and alfo to keep the
Grafs and Weeds from mixing
with the Borders; and it will
make the H 2.71/3 the handlbmer,
and look the more beautiful:
thefe W'ater-Tables ought to be
new cut once or twice a Year,
and that ihould be done by a
limit Linc. SCC Cry/1]}, Turf,

c.

As for Terran—walk; fee
Tcrmfi.

He adds, Grrnicl-wa/lrr are
very good for Fruit — Trees;
became the Beams or Rays of
the Sun reflect from them a-
gainfi the \Valls.

2. \VA L L 5-.-

AS for the Matter, Dimenfions
or Petition of \Valls, {5%.

 

W A
&e the Articles, Gardcm, Kin/Eu
en Garden, Ore/94rd, &C.

Mr. Laurence advifes, that if 3
it conveniently may be, the:
Walls of a Garden be not 1‘01
built as to face directly the four '
Cardinal Points, Eafl,%fl,Nort/J {
and Sow/2, but rather between s.
them, triz. Sour/:1 Eafl, Sow/9'
[1/ e/l, Nari/2 Eng/f and A707?!) f
life/i, for that then the two for- ,
mer will be good enough For:
the bell Fruit ; and the two lat- ~
ter good enough for P1117225, !
Cherric: and baking Pears.

Mont‘. taintiney a‘dvifes to i.
have the Walls of Gardens plai- ~
{let-ed, to flop the Holes againit :
Ear-wigr, Rats, Snails, and other ‘
Vermine which deitroy the boil: :‘
of Fruit.

Mr. S-wkzer fays, of all Ma- .
terials proper for building Walls t
for Fruit 'Trees, Brick is the;
belt; in that it is not only the:
handfomei’t, but the warmeft and
kindeft for the Ripening of Fruit; ;
befides that, it affords the belt:
Conveniency of Nailing ; for t
finaller Nails will ferve in them ‘
than .in Stone-walls, where the
Joints are larger: And Brick;
walls, with Copings of Free
Stone, and Stone-Pilailers 01"]
Columns at proper Difiances, tori
feparate the Trees, and to break;
oi? the Force of the Winds, make.
not only the molt beautiful, but:
the molt profitable ”fall; of any,
others.

And Whereas fome have pro--
pofed to build Garden-wail; with
half Rounds, every Semicircle
being about fix Yards in the.
F ace or Diameter, and eight
Yards round on the Uutfide,-

each:

W A

~ l each taking in two Trees ; and
to make two Foot Breadth of
plain walling between every half
_ round, on the Top of each of
which may be placed a Flower
Pot, of two Foot high, to con-
' tain a handfome Green, and a
Vine planted at the Foot to fill
up the Space to the Top: By
means of thefe rounds, every
Part of the Wall will enjoya
{hare of the Sun, one time of the
Day or the other ; and the bell
Walls will not fail to be very hot
by Refleélion or Collection of the
Beams of the Sun in the Rounds,
and they will alfo be more fe-
cure from injurious Winds.

He adds, that he has known
in fome Parts of England, Walls
built partly of Brick and partly
of Stone, which have been ex-
ceedingly commodious. In fome
Places the Bricks are not l‘ubl’tan-
tial enough of theml‘elves for
Walls ; nor indeed are they any
where ['0 durable as Stone ; and
therefore fome Perlbns, that
they might have Walls that
were both fubflantial and whol-
fome have built double Walls
the outfide being of Stone, and
the infide of Brick, or if you
will, a Stone Wall lin’d with
Brick.

And where Walls are built for
Fruit againfl Terrafs “Talks, to
prevent the ill Eaters of Damps,
it is a very good Method to
leave a Space of about two Foot
the whole Length of the \Vall,
between the inner Wall next to
the Bank of Earth, and the out—
ward Wall which is to receive
the Fruit, which will render the
outward Wall always healthful ;

V o L. II.

 

WA

and the Produét of the Fruit
will anfwer the Pains.

Mr. Laurence fays, in Nor-
thampton/hire, and Leitefleg/birt',
Walls made of‘ Earth and traw
well tempered together are very
common, which are called Mud-
Wall: ; which, tho’ they are no:
very handfome, he affirms, are
better for the ripening of Fruit
than either Stone or Brick Walls,
as he himfelf has found by Ex-
perience; and though the Fruit
is fometimes apt to be foiled by
great Dafhes of Rain, yet that is
of no great Moment as to fuch
Fruit that requires paring, as
Pearl, Pear/oer, &C.

And if thefe \Valls be made
of good Earth, and be well
tempered, Nails Will do ; but if
not, Pegs of Wood may be
made ufe of ; and the Coping
of Straw that is laid upon theft:
Sorts of Walls, is of great Ad-
vantage to the Fruit in lheltcring
them, and keeping off all per~
pendicular Rains.

Mr. Fairclai/a' having obferved
that all Pear/9 Trees, that grow
in a fliallow Soil With a gra-
velly Bottom, canker and de-
cay as foon as they reach the
Gravel, becaufe they want a
due Quantity,of Moillure, ad-
viles, that where the Soil is
fuch, the \Valls be built upon
Arches, each Arch being {our
Foot Wide, and the Peers be—
tween rhem two Foot apiece;
the Top of the Arches to be as
high as the Surface of the Bor—
der, and the Wall to face the
Soar/a Sun, and the Trees to be,
planted at twelve Foot dillance,
which is one Tree in every fee

D d cond

‘ W A
COnd Arch; and on the North
fide of _the fame Wall, to plant
other Fruits in the vacant Ar-
ches. _

By this Means, he fays, the
Pear/2e: would have the Benefit
of the Sun upon their Branch-
es , and beiides they having
the double Liberty of fpreading
their Roots, the Roots would
be partly fhaded, and enjoy a
due Share of the Nari/9 Border,
and Moiilure to nouriih them
and their Fruit ; and ['0 by this
Means they would be preferv-
ed free from Cankers, and the
curling of their Leaves, which
is commonly a Forerunner of
Death. Vines may be planted
on the South tide between the
Peat/3w.

And as to thol‘e Trees that
are planted on the Nari/9 Side of
the Wall, he fuppofes that they
would be much aflified in their
Vigour, by the Warmth of the
Sun falling upon their Roots
on the Sour/.7 Side of the Ar-
ches.

As to this Manner of Build—
ing of Walls, I do not approve
it, becaufe;

I. If it be a Party Wall in
a Garden, and be planted on
both Sides, the Trees will run
through and rob one another of
their Nouriihment.

a. If it be an outfide Wall,
there are commonly Elms plant-
ed at fome {mill Diitance, to
break the Violence of the Winds
and the Roots of thefe Elms will
the more eafily run through and
rob the Trees of their Nouriih-
ment ; but if there are not Elm,

it is but feldom that there is as

 

WA

good Earth on the outfide air
the Garden, as there is With-i
1n.

3. Becaufe the WOtfi Inconve-v:
ence will be, that it will enticea'
the Roots of the Trees to runn
downright", which is a very great};
Fault in Fruit—Trees.

4. The Roots will not be)
able to find much Nouriihmenti
under a Brick Wall, where nei- -
ther Sun nor Rain can come to:
give the Earth a true bearing-g
Quality.

I have feen a Book Written!
by a Fellow of the Royal Sa--
ciety for the further Improve“
ment of Fruit by building Walls :«
floping; But as I had never?
any praétical Experience of fuch r
a Wall, am of Opinion, that 2
a perpendicular Wall is prefe-v
rable to any other, or one ra- ~
ther hanging a little inward over '
the Fruit, if it could be ['0 con-
veniently contrived.

For when the Sun is low, eia
ther in the Spring or 1411mm»,
or in the Evening or IVIorn-
ing; thoi‘e Walls which lean
floping backwards will have but
a Glance of the Power of the
Sun, but a perpendicular Wall
has the Sun’s Rays full againfl‘
it, which is preferable to the
greatell Heats of the Sun at
Illicifummer upon a back flop-1
ing Wall.

In Jammy the Sun is want-
ing to ripen \Vinter Pearr, which
ihould be kept dry, which 11--
gainit floping Walls cannot, the
Dews lying much longer on fuch
floping \Valls, than on thofe
that are perpendicular; and be-'

tides,-

 

"W’f‘fi‘fi '

m . .,,W-._.1. a

June», ..

WA

tides, they are much more liable
to Blights in the Spring, ‘and
are more expofed to eddy Winds
on all fides.

Mr. Mortimer fays, that if you
have Vines or Fruit Trees which
run upon the Tiles of any Build-
ing, or upon a SloPing, accord-
ing to Mr. Fatio’s Propofal, Me-
lon Glafi‘es may be fet on the
Fruit, which will much forward
its ripening

And he direéts, that Wall'-
Trees lhould be planted at
fuch Difiances as the Height or
Breadth of the Wall, the Na-
ture of the Ground, and the Na-
ture of the Tree require ; the
higher the Wall is the nearer the
Trees may be planted together;
and the lower theiWall is at
the greater Difiance they ought
to be planted, that where they
want it in Height, they may have
Room to fprcad in Breadth, ef—
pecially Vines, which requirea
larger Space to fpread againfl
than other Fruit, it being certain
that the more they fpread the
better they bear and thrive, which
is contrary to the Opinion of all
foreign Parts : And that the time
may be obferved of mott other
Wall-Fruit, efpecially Apricocks
and Pears, and therefore he is of
Opinion,that molt \Valls are built
too low, and that Trees with us
are commonly planted too thick.

He therefore recommends the
Propofal made by Mr. Patio, for
floping Walls, that {'0 what is
planted againft them may lie ex-
pofed to the d1ret‘l Beams of the
Sun. Thefe fort of Walls, he
thinks, mull be of great Adv an—
tage for the ripening of Fruit in

 

W A
our cold Climate, in that they
break the Wind, and refleét the
Sun Beams from one Wall to
another.

To this he adds an acciden-
tal Experiment made by a
Friend, who having a Wall,
which flood a little facing to the
Eafl-ward of the Sam/0, Whofe
Foundation Was bad, he Was
obliged to make Buttreffes about
a Yard from the Wall on the
planted fide between each Tree ;
and this caufed the Fruit to ri-
pen much fooner than it did
before.

He alfo prefers Mr. Langfbrd’s
Contrivance of Building Walls
in the Form of a Semicircle,
which he propofes to be about
eight Yards in Circumference 011
the Infide, and about fix in Dia—
meter, which, he fays, he has
found by Experience to do well :
And he is of the fame Opinion
with Mr. Langford, efpecially
for Vmer, be caufe they bear only

_on the Shoots of the fame Year ,

which Shoots are apt1 to grow
Upright, and f0 muff neceflarily
occafion them to be at a greater
Diftance from the Wall, if they
grow upon a floping Wall, than
where they run parallel to an

upright one _
And befides, thefe circular
Walls may with the more Con-
veniency be covered, which will
not only be a great Advantage to
Vina, in that the Grape: may be
fecurely permitted to hang on
the I/mer to open, as long as
you pleafe, without being 1n my
Danger from the Frofls ; and by
the fame Means, in the Spring
of the Year, you may alfo fecure
d z the

1

WA

the forward Fruit from being
prejudic’d by Frofis, by cbver-
ing them ; which, if they were
upon other Walls, fliould have
Mats or Canvafs hung before
them from the Time that they
firft begin to bloflbm, ’tillthey
are well knit or fet ; and if there
be Occafion, for fome Time
after.

1\/lr. S'witzer fays, ”fall: that
have an Ed/l—Afpecl are to be
preferr’d before thofe that have a
lI/efl—Afioeél; becaufe the early
Rays of the Sun do fooner free
the Fruit from Cold and perni—
cious Dews ; and this, of Con-
fcquence, mull render them
more healthful to all Sorts of
Fruit.

3. “TALL-FLOWERS, or Tel/ow
GILLIFLOWER.

Defiriptiom]

HIS Plant is thus defcrib’d

by Monl‘. Lz'ger: It is 21
Plant, which ihoots out from its
Root oblong Leaves, pointed at
the End, and of a dark greerz
Colour: Between thefe Leaves
grow feveral Branchy Stems, and
on the Top of them the Flow—
ers, .ot‘a yellow Colour, conlifi—
ing fomctimes of four Leaves,
and fometimes more. When
the FIOWCI‘ Of the flr/gle ”Vail-
Flower is fallen, it is lucceeded
by a flat Pod, which contains
flat broad Staff, of a r‘cclelijlj C0—
lour.

Difi'ererzt Sonny]

Nit. filorfimer fays, ”fall-
Ifl’otverr are of fi‘veral Sorts ;
and he tCCliéns up, the common

I

 

WA

ones, the great jingle ones, the
Write jingle ones, the great dou-
ble ones, the douole red, the dou-
ble white, and the pale yellow.

Mr. Bradley fays, he has feen
five Sorts of Wall—Flower; culti—
vated by Gardeners ; which for
their pleafitnt Odour and» laiting
Blofi‘oms, very well deferve a
Place among the molt delightful
Flowers: He lays, the molt
common Sort of them, is that
with the doze/ale yellow Flower;
and thofe which are the molt
rare, are the double yellow with
variegated Leaves , the douole
white, the bloody ”fall-Flower,
the Leaves whereof are ting’d
with red, and a new Sort with
large jingle Flowers, variegated
with drown and yellow.

”/ay of Propagation, aria]
Mr. Bradley fays, they may be
rais’d or continued from Slipr,
planted in Ihady Places, either in
Mzreb, April, May or yum;
and will bloffoxn about two
Foot high from the Ground,
much about the fame Seafon of
the Year, the one as the other.

They delight in a fandy Soil,
or to grow among Rubbiih.

lVlr. [Mortimer thys, they are
all increas’d or continued by
Slipr, planted in Morel); ought
to be fet againl‘t a South—wall,
nail’d up, and defended againfi
F rolls and hard Weather, efpeci-
ally the double ones; and they
will all flower the latter End of
Aland, and in April and ley.

l\/IonC Liger lays, the firegle
[Fall—Flower:~ are multiply’d by
Seed; ; and the doztéle by Layer:
or Slips. That the firlgle ”Va/L
Flower {hould be fown in Sep-

temécr,

 

W A
umber, in Earth, jufi as you
find it, for it will grow any
where, even upon Walls, or in
Rubbifh : They require the fame
Management as other Flowers,
to be tranfplanted; and when
they are grown flrong enough
to be tranfplanted, plant them
where you, would have them,
and water them.

AS to the double y’all-Flowers,
thefe, he fays, are to be encreas’d
by Layer: ; and direéts, to chufe
the finefi, and lay them in the
Earth ; flick them down with a
hooked Stick, and give them due
Waterings. This you may do
as foon as the Plants have dropt
their Flowers, which is com-
monly at the End of Ind/1', or Be-
ginning offi‘zme ; and you may
take them up in September or
OéZaéer. If you plant them in
the open Ground, you may do
it in the Earth as it is; but if
you plant them in Pots, he di—
reéts, to fill them with two
Thirds of Kitchen-Garden Earth,
and one Third of Mould, well
fitted. Thefc Pots mud, in
hard Weather, be fet in the
Green-Houfe; but rather for fear
the F rofi Ihould break the Pots,
than hurt the Plants. And as
for them in the open Ground,
you may venture to leave them
to the VYenther, for they are
not in Danger of the Cold.

He fays, the molt frequent
Way of multipl} ing li’rz/l—I‘Ync-
err, is by Slz'pr, which are Bran—
ches of the Plant cur ofl'wirhout
Roots above the Mailer-Rom,
after the Flower is pail ; and is
as follows : Fill your Pots wit
Garden—Earth, well lifted, and

VOL. II.

 

WA

fpread M'ould thinly upon them;
then fet the Slip: half their
Length,'and clofe the Earth a-
bout them ; water them, and fet
them in a fliady Place, ’till they
begin to be in Aétion, and then
remove them into a funny Place;
and when they have taken Root,
and are fit to be tranfplanted,
tranfplant them where you
pleaf‘eg‘ water and weed them
as Oeeafion requires.

Mr. Bradley fays, That Sort
of Wall—FlotDerI With large fin;
gle Flowers, variegated withye1~
Iow and how», may be more
eafily propagated by Seed: fown
in March.

He adds, that the Seed-Vefl‘els
of this, and the Other fixgle
Kinds of it, as well as their
Flowers, are f0 like to thofe of
the Stock yak-Flatt E’I‘f, that he is
of Opinion, they may be made
to impregnate melt oLlaet’S Seedr,
if they were planted rzi-{ntnough
together; and that (urn; fueh
Coupling, perhaps a stat-t 31'}-
F/ower, with yellow Blon'ems,
might be produced. And altho’
the Seeg'or" fnch a neuteral Plant
would not be made to grow,
yet the Species might be conti—
nued and increafizd by planting
Slip; or Cii1:'a:’/;(,’{5 ()fit, as is com-
mon in the Culture of double
Stocks.

Andre enable thefc Plants to
endure the Severity of the 1471'”-
ter, eowr them with great
Straw, or large, round Dung;
and uncover them when the
Seaibnis milder, and the Sun
{nines out ’ and in [lime/9 they
will {ho out to a illfficient
Growth, and be lit to be re-

L d 3 planted

W A
planted either by the End of
Marc/a, or Beginning of Aprzl.

4. WALLNUT-TREES.

Diferent Kinds. ]
MR. Mortimer fays, The Wall-
mm are of feveral Sorts;
as the finall, hard Shell, and
the large, foft Shell ; and in
like Manner, the Wood-is difle-
rent, fome is of a blacker Grain,
and forne of a whiter Grain than
the other. The hardefi and fmal-
left Nut: are produced by the
black-grain’d Tree, the Timber
of which is to be preferr’d before
the other. The belt Sort of thefe,
are thofe which grow in Virgi-
m‘zz, which .bear a Kind of a
fquare Nut : And next to thcfe,
are thofe of Grenoble, which are
much priz’d by Cabinet-Makers
Mr. Bradley fays, Tho’ B ata-
m'fl: reckon many Sorts of Wall—
nuts, he only recommends two
Sorts to be planted; that with
the 1:14:12 Grain, for the Good-
nel‘s of its Timéer, and that with
_ the foft Shell, for the Sakc'of
the Fruit.
lVay of Propagation. ] The
belt Way of railing thefe Trees,
is by the .NM : Take the Nari of

 

W A

ferve them with the Husk on,
fet them fo, becaufe the Bitter-
nefs of it is a good Prefervative
againll Worms. You may alfo
chop fome Furz, and drew about
them under the Ground, and that
will be a good Expedient to de-
fend them from the Rats and
Mice.

Mr. Bradley fays, the two
Kinds, he mentions, are both
rais’d of Nut:, and fhould be
fown in the Places where they
ought to remain. They are in
great Danger of dying, if they
lofe their Tap-Root ; but will
thrive very well if they have
Depth of Earth to [hike into.

3017.] Ll’zz/lnut-Treet will grow
very well in Loam; yet they
will alfo flouriih very Well in
Chalk, or agrazrelly Soil, either
in a Vale, or on hilly Ground.

Mr. [Mortimer fays, they de-
light mofl’ in a dry, famed, ric/J
[Wall/d, efpecially if they have
Chalk, or Marie, underneath
them; but they will grow well
enough on any Land that is
dry, Where they are rais’d from
the Nut, and proteéted from the
Cold (tho’ they like Cold bet-
ter than extreme He:1t,) and
grow in Pits, Valleys, High—way—

a young, thriving lf’rrzllrzzzt-Tree, ! Sides; alto in Limejfloae Ground,
that have a plump, full Kernel fit loamy, and on Hills that are
(it is belt that they be beatcnirlwlty.
ofi‘thc Tree three or four Days It is hell that the Nut: for
before they would‘fall of them—lthel'c Trees be town in ‘the Pla-
felves ) and lay them by eitherlccs where they are dengn’d to
in their Husk or without it ;iltand ; becaufe Tranfplantarion
or having dry’d them, lay them 7 is not very agreeable unto them;
in Sand or good Earth till the but if they mul‘t be remov’d, you
latter End ot‘Fc/zmmy or Begim |may tranfplant them ‘at about
ning of JIHVC/J ; am‘fet themltwo Years old; and it you re-
hke Beam : An’d it‘yoncan prc-Imovc them again, do it bctEM'e
t ey

 

l
s

E;
I,
3’.

 

-' - m -«—-.,...N,.,

,W A
they are four Years old, and not
after that Time. The beft Time
to remove them, is in November
and February; and the bell Com-
poil for them is Alhes.

When you remove them,
plant them again in the fame
Sort of Land they were rais’d
on; for it will be difficult to
make them grow and thrive in
a different Soil. Be as fparing
of the Roots as you can, for any
thing of a Bruife is prejudicial to
them ; and by no Means cut the
Head, becaufe of the hollow
Pith, which "is apt to let in the
Water, and only lhred up the
Side-Branches. You may alfo
lay a Tile under, to make the
Tap-Roots fpread ; and you may
either graft them or bud them,
which will improve the Large-
nel‘s of the Fruit. Thefe Trees
very much fpreading both their
Roots and Branches, it will be
convenient to plant them at leafi
at forty Foot Difiance.

And they are f0 far from pre-
judicing Land, that in Frame
they plant them in their Corn-
Fields, and look upon them ad—
vantageous to their Corn, in pre-
ferving it from the Cold :
And it being aTree that roots
deep, where the Soil will allow
it, the Roots are no Hindrance
to the Plough. ‘

Mr. Brad/eyfays, he has of-
ten thought H/nlmm might be
grafted, as well as any otherFrzzz't—
Tree : He approves of the large
Freizc/J Walnut as the befl, not
only for its tender Shell, but its
fweet Talle, and extraordinary
Bignefs; but indeed it will not
keep fowell as the finaller Sort,

WA

nor is it (‘0 great a Bearer ; but
he thinks it might be brought to
Bearing fooner, by Grafting, and
alfo in greater Quantity than
when it grows wild, as is found
by Experience in many other
Fruits.

He tells us, he has feen W221!-
mzt-Treer of forty Years GrOWth
from the fetting of the Natty,
which were valued to be worth
Five Pound a Tree, when at the
fame Time there were others ‘
{landing by them, that were
planted at the fame Time (as the
Owner informed him) that were
not worth thirty Shillings a
Tree: 80 great is the Difference
in the Growth of downright
rooted Plants, when they are
fet from Nut: or Atorm, and
in thol‘e that are tranfplanted
out of the Nurfery.

The like Obfervation has been '
made of other Tap-rooted Trees,
and particularly the Oak.

Mr. Cook fays likewife, that he
has often experienc’d. as to a ”4%
mat—Tree fct Of :1 ATM, and never
remov’d in its Minority, but {till
keeping its Place of Situation
’till it is fix or feveu Foot high»;
that in removing fuch a Tree,
you {hall find near as much Ha-
zard in the growing of that Tree,
as in removing an 012k of the .
fame Stature, provided the 04%
hath had its Abode in the open
Air, and not been tenderly nut:-
fed up in a Wood.

5.»WAsps,

TH U722]? is a mifchievous
V min to all Manner of

 

choice ruit when it is ripe. One

Dd 4. Way

WA

Way fome recommend for de-
firoying them is, about the Even-
ing to put lighted Pieces of
Brimlione Rags into the Holes
where the W'afp: Nefis lie, and
then prefently to throw a Spit of
Earth over the Hole or Holes,
for fometimes there are feveral
of them.

Mr. Bradley tells us, That
eonfidering the W'afp does [‘0
much Mit'chief to ripe Fruit, as
generally (if numerous) to de
{troy a third Part of it ; he is of
Opinion, that it would be Worth
while to follow the Praétice of
fome Gentlemen, who give Peo-
ple about the Place a certain Re-
ward for every zVprr-Nefl they
defiroy, and bring it as a Proof
of their Performance, to be burnt
at the Place Where they are to re-
ceive the Money ; and they will
hardly ever appear about that
Place again. That this hav-
ing been praétifed near Hoxtm,
Mr. Fqirclu'la’ fays, he hardly faw
halfa Score in his Gardens, in
the Summer 17:3. And that
‘tho’ this has been done by one
fingle Gentlenun at the Expenee
of about Five Pounds, yet it
would be bel‘t were it done at a
publick Expence.

Mr. Daboix, to eafe the Pain
procut’d by the Sting of a H’qu,
directs, that it be done by apply—
ing :1 Copper Half-penny to the
wounded Part, and to hold it
there fora little Space; and it
will no: only cafe the Pain, but
prevent the Swelling.

Mr. Milward lays, that if you
apply fome of the Juice either of
the Leaves or Fruit of afig—Tree,
to the Place flung by a ”2232, if

 

WA

the Sting be never fo violent,
the Pain will immediately eeafe,
and the Swelling abate.

5. WATER.

WA TE R is one of the mofl:
confiderable Requifites be-
longing to a Garden : Ifa Gar—
den be without it, it brings a
certain Mortality upon whatfoe-
ver is planted. By W'aterings
the great Droughts in Summer
are allay’d, which would infal-
libly burn up mofi Plants, had
we not the Help of Water to
qualify thofe excefiive Heats.
Belides, as to noble Seats, the
Beauty that [Water will add, in
making jet d’ Eaux, C‘amz/r and
Cafmder, which are fome of the
noblefl: Ornaments ofa Garden.
Sir Ifaac Newton defines ”/4-
ter (when pure) to be a very
fluid Salt; volatile and void of
all Savout or Tafle; and it
feems to confift of finall, hard,
porous, fpherical Particles, of
equal Diameters, and equal fpe-
cifick Gravities; and alfo that
there are between them, Spaces
fo large, and rang’d in fuch a
Manner, as to be pervious on all
Sides.

Their Smogt/mefi‘ accounts for
their Sliding eafily over the Sur-
faces of one another. ,

Their Spherici/ty keeps them
from touching one another in
more Points than one; and by
both thei‘e, their Friétions in Sli~
ding over one another, is ten-
dred the leaft pofiible.

The Hardnefl of them, ac-
counts for the Incompreflibility of

ll’ater‘,

W A
IVater, when it is free from the
Intermixture of Air.

The Porofity of lVater is ['0
very great, that there is at lealt
forty Times as much Space as
Matter in it; for Water is nine-
teen Times fpecifically lighter
than Gold, and of Confequence
rarer in the fame Proportion.
But Gold will (by Preffure) let
Water pafs thro’ its Pores ; and
therefore may be fuppos’d to have
(at leal‘t) more Pores than folid
Parts.

Monf. L’C’lerk fays, there are
thefe Things obfervable in Wa-
ter, which Naturalifis fiudy to
know and account for :

I. It is tranfparem‘ ; becaufe
as fome are of Opinion, it con-
fifls of flexible Particles, like
Ropes, which are not to clofe
as to leave no Pores; nor to
entangled but that there are right
Lines enough to tranfinit the
Light.

For fince the Particles are not
join’d clofe together, and are in
perpetual Motion, the very fine
Particles of Light do eafily pafs
through their right Lines; unlefs
the lVater be very deep, or be
put into Motion, by fome out-
ward Caufe. Then indeed the
Tranfioaremy 0f ”falter is very
much obfiruéted,- and it looks of
a cloudy, obfcure Colour, as it
is obvious to Sight in a rough
Sea : For at fuch a Time, the
vehement Agitation of the Water
difturbs their Pores, and fpoils
their Straitnefs.

2. ”Over is liquid, but capable
of being fix’d : H/ater feems to
be liquid for the fame Reafon as
other Bodies are fo.

 

eight
I . .
For fincezmorc; f0 that lVater 13 about

WA

the Particles of it are flexible,
like Ropes, and leave Pores be-
tween one another, which are
fill’d with finer Matter, when
this Matter is put into a vehe-
ment Commotion, the Particles
are eafily tofs’d about every
Way : Yet when the Motion of
this refilefs Matter is reflrain’d,
as it is in Winter, then the Water
congeals into Ice; whether this
comes of Cold only, or there be
belides, nitrous Particles, which
fall out of the Air at that Time,
and with their Rigidnefs fix the
watery Particles.

3. It may be made [wt or cold.
The Particles of Water being, as
has before been faid, Ice, is foon
diflblv’d by the Motion of the
Particles of Fire : For the Par-
ticles of Fire, getting into the
Pores of the Ice, do mightily
fhake the fine, flexible Particles of
Ice, and refiore them to their
former Motion in a little Time-

But if this Water be fet in
cold Air, the fiery Particles will
quickly vanifh, and the Water
will become as cold as before.

4. Water eafily evaporates by
the Heat of Fire or Air. This
is becaufe its Particles are quick-
ly feparated, and got into Mo-
tion; fo that the airy Particles
eafily carry thofe of the Water
about with them.

5. It is heavy, if compared
with Air and other Bodies, but
much heavier than Air. It has
been ihown, by various Experi-
ments, that the Gravity of the
flir, in the Place where we live,
is to that of Water, as one to
hundred, or fomething

eight

I

I "W A
eight hundred Times heavier than
Air. And for this Reafon, a
Bladder or any other Thing fill’d
with Air can hardly be funk under

‘ Water : And indeed, to make Air

fink, there mutt be a Weight
added to it, that fhall exceed the
Weight of the ”fairer, as much

- and fomething more than that of

the Water exceeds that of the
Air. Hence it comes to pafs,
that Water eafily fupports Mod,
and vaft Ships fraught with the
heaviefi Cargo ; for the Weight
alone, will never fink them, un-

_lefs the Goods and VeIIe1 toge-

ther ihould make up a Weight
Which exceeds that of lezter :
And as Salt-water is heavier than
frefh, ['0 it bears greater Weight.

Thofe Things which are hea-
vier than ”fater, as Stones, Me-
tals, {9%.- when they are thrown
into it, go firait down to the

Bottom; and as their Weight

is greater, by to much the quick—
er: While other Bodies, which
are of the fame Weight with the
Water, do neither float on the
Surface, nor fink quite down,
but remain fufpended between
the Top and Bottom, as is feen

in the Carcaffes of Animals.

6. W'atcr is infipid, and with-
out Smell. The Reafon is, be—
caufe its flexible Parts flip gently
over the Tongue, and are not
{harp enough to prick the Nerves
and afleét the Tai‘te: But this is
to be underflood of pure ”filter,
void of all kind of Salt ; fuch as
difiill’d ll’ater is, and next that
of Rain: For the molt whol-
fome Fountain-water commonly
derives a Saltnefs from the
Earth: Tho’ in this Place is not

WA

meant medicinal, Fountain-wa-
ters, the Tafie of which is more
acute, but fuch [Water as is ufu-
ally drank. a

And that it is without Smell.
The purer any Water is, the lefs
Smell it has; for the Reafon
why the Particles don’t prick the
Tongue, is likewife the Reafon
why they don’t affect the Smell:
The Flexibility and Smoorhnefs
of Water, is fuch, that they can-
not pieree the olfactory Nerves ;
Fotmmin-wrzter has indeed fome
Smell, but then it is a Sign that
fuch Water is not pure.-

7. ”flaw is fubjeé‘t to putrif'y,
according as the Place is where
it is kept. Water will grow
thick and fiinking, by Heat and
Refi, as we find it does in Ponds
and Marfhes, and in clofe V ef—
fels : But here it ought to be re—
member’d, that this is what was
fpoken of before, as fuch Water
as is not pure ; for unmixt Wa—
ter cannot putrify. This is
prov’d, Firfi, by difiill’d V/ater,
which may be kept very long
Without Putrefaétion.

Secondly, by Rain — water,
which is caught in clean V’cffels,
and prefently flopp’d up clofe
and buried under Ground, which
is kept many Years in Countries
Where they want Fountains.
This ihews, that the Caufe of
Putrefaétion is not in the Water
it felt‘, but in Other Things that
are mingled with it; becaufe
pure Water, fuch as is diliill’d
or comes out of the Clouds,
keeps fweet for a vaft while:
But then thofe Veifels, in which
fuch Water is kept, mui’t be fo

 

well flopp’d, that the leaf: F lie
‘ may

 

W‘A
may not get into them, and they
mutt be made of fuch fluff as
will not corrupt, fuch as Glafs
6r Clay.

But as for flanding lVater in
Ponds or Ma'rfhes, that is cor-
rupted two Ways.

1. By the Nature of the-Soil,
which often abounds with noi-
fom Sulphur, whereby the l-Va-
ter is impregnated and comes to
fmell in warm ‘Weather; as it
does at Amfierdam, not only
in the Trenches, but wherever
the~ Ground is opened for the
Foundations {of _Houfes. This
Putrefaétion is owing to the Soil,
and not to the LVater.

2. By the nafiy Things that
are thrown into it, or Bodies of
Infeéts which die it ; as alfo by
the Eggs of Flies, which are
drop’d about Wherever they go,
and breed Worms. ”Otter is
corrupted in wooden Veffels, ef-
pecially at Sea, by the fulphur—
ous Parts of the Wood, and by
uncleanly Things, as Flies Eggs,

' E576.

H’ater penetrates the Pores of
thofe Bodies whofe Pores are
Wide enough to receive its Par-
ticles. Thus it enters the Pores
of Sugar and Salts, {‘0 as to fe-
parate and quite dilfolve their
Particles ; but it cannot get in-
to the Pores of Stones, or but
a very little \Vay; to that it on-
ly wets their Surface, without
diluting them ; hangs on the out—
fidc of them ,becaufe they are
rough, and becaul'e the Extre-
mities of their Pores are open
a little ‘Way. But fuch Bodies,
when they are wet are foon dry-
ed in the Air, becaufe the Mo-

 

. ‘W A
tion-of the airy Particles carries
off the foft and fmooth Particles
of the ”fatter.

It is obfervable, that if Bo-
dies rubbed over with Oil or’ fat,
be dipt in Water, "they get ve-
ry little Wet, becaufe the
Roughncfs of their Surface
wherein the Water {hould hang
is fmoorhed and made eyen by _
the Fat, and the Mouths of the
Pores are elofed up; to that
there is nothing left for the wa-_
tery Particles to hold by, and
therefore they mull needs flide
ofl“.

Dr. Claeyne obferves, that the -
Quantity of Water on this fide
our Globe does daily decreafe ;
fome Part thereof being every
Dayturned into Animalr, Meta-
talline, Mimml and ,Vegetable
Subfiances ; which are not eafily
diflblved again into their com-
ponent Parts; for if you fepa-
rate a few Particles of any Fluid,
and fallen them to a folid Body,
or keep them afnnder one from
another, then they are no more a
fluid; for a confiderable Number
of fuch Particles are required to
produce Fluidity.

Molt Liquors are formed by
the Cohelion of Particles of dif-
ferent Figures, Magnitudes, Gra-
vities and attractive Powers,
Swimming in pure Water, or
an aqueous Fluid ; which feems
to be the common Bafis of
all.

And the only Reafon why
there are ('0 many Sorts of VVa—
tcr differing from one another
by different Properties is, that
the Corpufcl'es of Salts and Mi-
nerals, with which that Element

- lS

W A
is impregnated, are equally va-
nous.

lVine is only Water impreg-
nated with particles of Grape:.
And Beer is Water impregnat-
ed with Particles of Barley, Eg’c.
All Spirits feem Water faturat-
ed with fdline or fulphureous
Particles.

And all Liquors are more or
lefs fluid, according to the grea-
ter or fmaller Coheiion of the
Particles, which fwim in the a—
queous Fluid; and thereis hard-
ly any Fluid without this Cohe-
iion of Particles, not even pure
Water it felf, as will appear from
the Bubbles which will {ome-
times fiand in the Surface of
it, as well as on that of Spirits
and other Liquors.

W'mter contributes much to the
Growth of Bodies, in that it both
renders and keeps the aétive Prin-
ciple fluid ; fo that they are ca-
pable of being conveyed by Cir-
culation into the Pores.

The learned Mr. Halley has
demonfirated, that if an Atom
of Water be expanded into a
Shell or Bubble, whofe Diame-
ter fhall be ten Times as great
as before, fuch an Atom would
be fuperficially lighter than Air,
and will rife (0 long as that Fla—
tus, or warm Spirit, which at
firft feparated it from the Mafs
of Water, {hall continue to di-
ftend it to the fame Degree, but
when that Warmth declines, and
the Air grows cooler, and with—
al fpecifically lighter ; thefe Va-
pours will (top at a certain Re-
gion of the Air, or elfe de—
feend. '

 

W A

Therefore if it fhould be {up-
pofed that'the whole Earth were
covered with Water, and that
the Sun fhould make his diurnal
Courfe round it, as now he does,
he is of Opinion, that the Air
would be impregnated with a
certain Quantity of aqueous Va-
pours, which it Would retain in
it, like Salts diffolved in Water,
and that the Sun in the Day-
time warming the Air, that Part
of the Atmofphere would fuitain
a greater Proportion of Vapours
( as warm Water will hold more
Salt in it diifolved than cold)
which by the Abfencc of the Va—
pours at Night would be difcharg—
ed into Dews.

And in this cafe he concludes
there could not be any Diverfi—
ty of Weather other than periodi-
cally every Year alike ; the Mix-
ture of all terreflrious, faline,
and heterogeneous Vapouts here
being excluded, which he judges
to be, when varioufly compound~
ed and driven by Winds, which
are the Caufes of thefe various
Seafons, and Changes of Wea-
ther which we 110W find.

But if inflead of fnppofing an
Earth covered all over with Wa-
ter, you fuppofe the Sea inter-
perfed about wide and fpacious
Traéls of Land, and alfo divid-
ed by high Ridges of Mountains,
fuch as the flip, the flpeimim,
and the Pyrenerm in Eztropc; the
C tutmfm, the Imam, and the
77mm; in flfitz ; the IV’Iount fit-
[at and the .Mozmtzzim of tbe
Moon in Albert; the Amie: and
flpalzsfean Mountains in America ;
each of which l‘urpail‘cs the ufual

Height

It! 2“

A. n V v-
,_,,,._.»,. 4m .

W A

Height to which the aqueous Va--
pours do of themfelves afcend ;
and on the Tops of which the
Air is fo cold and ratified as to
retain but a fmall Part of thofle
Vapours, which are brought thi—
ther by the Winds.

' Then the Vapours thus raii‘ed
from the Sea, and carried by the
Winds over the low Lands to
thoi‘e Ridges of Mountains, are
there compelled by the Streams
of the Air to mount with it up
to their Teps, where the Water
prefently precipitates, gleeting
down by the Crannies of the
Stones; and Part of the Vapours
entring into the Caverns of the
Hills, the Water thereof gathers,
as in an Alembick in the Bafons
of Stones ;. and thefe being once
full, the Overplus of the VVater
runs down at the lowefiPlace of
the Bafon, and breaking out by
the Sides of the Hills, forms [in—
gle Springs; many of which run—
ning down by the Valhes or
Guts, between the Ridges of the
Hills, and after uniting, form
little Rivulets, or Brooks; and
many of thefe meeting again
form large Rivers.

Dr. h’ 'oodward has made thefe
ufer‘ul Experiments of \Vater fol-
lowing ;

He tells us, that he chofe fe-
t'eral Glafs Phials, which were
all as near as poifible of the fame
Shape and Bignefs ; that he put
\Vater into every one of them,
as much as he thought fit, and
took an Account of the Weight
of it, then firain’d and tied a
piece of Parchment over the Sur—
face of each Phial, and made a
Hole in the middle of it large

 

W A

enough to admit the Stem of the
Plant he defigned to fer in the
Phial, without confining or {trai-
tening it, {‘0 as to hinder its
Growrh. This Defign was to
hinder the inclofed water from
evaporating or afcending any 0-
ther Way, than only through the /
Plant that was in it.

Then he made Choice of fe—
veral fprigs of Mint, and other
Plants, that were, as near as he
could judge,alike freih, found and
lively ; and having taken the
Weight of each, he placed it in
a Phial, ordered as above ; and
as the Plant‘imbibed and drew
off the Water he added more
from Time to Time, keeping an
Account of the Weight of all
he added.

Each of the GlaflL-‘s Were, for
the better Dii‘tinéiion and the
more eafy keeping a Regifier
noted with a different Mark or
Letter, as A, B, C, 659:. and
all fet in a Row in the fame
Window, that they might all
partake alike of the Air, Light
and Sun.

Thus they continued from 3%-
l_v the twentieth, to 06201727“ the
fifth, which was jufi feventy
feven Days; then he took them
out and weighed the \Vater in
each Phial, and the Plant alfo,
adding to its Weight that of all
the Leaves which had fallen off
during the Time it flood thus.
And lafily, he computed how
much every Plant had gained,
and how much Water was f' pent
upon it. The Particulars are as
follows. '

A, a common Spear-miflt fet
in Spriflg-l-Vcter.

When

W A - -
When the Plant was ‘put in.
in yuly the twentieth it Weighed

. . j'uft twenty-four Grains; when

taken out O‘c‘ir'oécr the fifth, \it
'Weigned forty-two Grains; fo
that in the Space of feventy fe-
ven Days it had gain’d in Weight
fifteen Grains.

The whole Quantity of Wa-

ter expended during the feventy
feven Days. amounted to two
thoui‘and five hundred and fifty
eight Grains ; and confequently,
the Weight of the Water taken
up was one hundred feventy and
,4;- times as much as the Plant
had got in Weight.
‘ B, common Spear—mint fet in
Rain-'wcfier, the Mint weighed,
When put in, twenty eight Grains
and an half, and when it was
taken out forty five Grains 1
having gained in feventy feVCn
Days feventeen Grains and an
half.

The whole Quantity of IV —
ter expended was three thoufand
and four Grains which was an
hundred feventy one %% times
as much as the Plant had receiv—
ed in Weight.

C, common Spear-mint fet in
T/mmex-wa-ter. The Plant when
put in weighed twenty eight
Grains, when taken out fifty
four Grains, [‘0 that in feventy
feven Days it had gained twen-
fix Grains.

The whole of thelVater ex-

pended, amounting to two thou-3
fand four hundred ninety three‘

Grains which was ninety five $36-
times as much as the additional
Weight of the Mint.

D, The common Soldmzma
or Nngzy/mde fet in Spring-H"):—

4-"

 

 

W A'
ter. The Plant weighed, when
put in, forty nine Grains, and
when taken out one hundred and
iixGrain's, having gained in feven-
ty feven Days fifty feven Grains.

The H’ater expended during
the feventy feven Days was three
thoufand feven hundred and eight
Grains, which was fixty five
5% as much as the Augment of
the Plant. .

The Spearmint D had feveral
Buds upon it, when firft fet in
W’éztcr; thefe in fome Days be—
came fair Flowers, which were
at length fucceeded with Ber‘
ries.

Several other Plants were
try’d that did not thrive in ”/21-
Mr, or fuceeed better than the
Camputiaf

F, Lat/Jyri; or C amputizz Gerb,
fet in Spring-water; it weigh-
ed, when fet in, ninety eight
Grains, when taken out one
hundred and one Grains and an
half. The additional Weight for
the feventy feven Days being but
three Grains and an halt‘.

The Quantity of lezter, fpent
upon it during that Time, was
two thoui’and five hundred and
one Grains, which is fevenhun—
dred fourteen times in as much
as the Plant was augmented.

F, G, Thofe two Phials fo
marked, were filled, the former
with km, and the latter with
éfriag—wntcr, at the fame time
that the other before mentioned
were, and flood as long as they
did, but had neither ofthem any
Plant, his Defign in this being
only to inform himfelf, whether
any .Water exhaled out of the
Glaifes, otherwife than thro’

the

- .. "3?:

«r, at.” .

W A

the Bodies of the Plants. The
Orifices of thefe Glaffes were
covered with Parchment, each
Piece being perforated with a
Hole, of the fame Bignefs with
the other. And he fufpended a
Bit of Stick, about the Thicknefs
of the Stem of one of the afore-
faid Plants, but not reaching
down to the Surface of the in-
cluded Water. Thefe he put
in thus, that the Water in thefe
might not have more Scope to
evaporate, than that in the other
Phials.

Thus they flood the whole
feventy feven Days in the fame
Window with the refi; when,
upon EXamination, he found
none of the Water in thefe
waited or gone off: Tho’ he
obferved, both in‘ thcfe and the
refi, efpecially after hot Wea-
ther, fmall Drops of Water ad-
hering to the Infides of the Glaf-
fes; that Part of them that was

i . above the Surface of the inclofed

Waters.

The Water in thefe two Glaf—
fes that had no Plants in them,
at the End of the Experiment,
exhibited a larger Quantity of
terrefirial Matter, than that in
any of thofe that had the Plants
in them did. The Sediment in
the Bottoms of the Phials was
greater, and the Nubcmlte dif—
fus’d thro’ the Body of the VVa-
ter, was thicker.

And of that which was in the

others, fome of it proceeded

from certain fmall Leaves that
had fallen from that Part of the
Stems of the Plants, that was
Within the W ter, wherein they
rotted and diffolved. The ter—

"W A‘ ,
refirial Matter in the Rain-water.
was finer than that. in the Springs-
water.

In the Year 1692., he made
the following Experiments with
Hyde-Park Conduit-water. The
Glafl‘es, he made Ufe of in this,
were of the fame Sort with thofe
of the former, and covered over
with Parchments, in like Man.
ner. The Plants were all Spear—
mint, the molt kindly, frefh,
fprightly Shoots he could chufe.
The Water and the Plants were
weighed as before, and the Phi-
als fet in a Line in a Somb-
Window; where they flood
from yum the fecond to 32:1}: ,
the twenty-eighth, which was
jufl’fifty fix Days. A ,

H. Hyde-Park Conduit-water
alone. The Mint weighed, when
put in, one hundred twenty fe-
ven Grains; when taken out,
two hundred fifty five Grains:
The whole Quantity of, Water
expended upon this Plant, a-'
mounted to fourteen thoufand
one hundred and ninety'Grains.
This was all along a very kindly
Plant, and had run up above
two Foot in Height: It had
{hot but one confiderable Branch,
but had fent forth many and long
Roots, from whence fprung ve-
ry numerous and fhort Fibres.
Thcfe leifer came out of the
larger, on two oppofite Sides
for the moft ; f0 that each Root
with its Fibril/zz appeared not un-
like a fmall Feather. To thefe
fibril/.17 pretty much terrefirial
ii‘s/iatter adhered. There was a
‘ffrecrz Subftance in the Water,
refembling a fine, thin Confermz,
which was at lafi thick and tur—
bid. iThe‘

‘

 

WA

The Plant I. The fame Wa-

ter alone. The Mint weighed
when put in, one hundred and
ten Grains ; and when taken out,
two hundred forty nine: The
Water exPended was thirteen
thouland one hundred and forty
Grains.
This was as kindly as the for-
mer; but had {hot no collateral
Branches. The Roots of it, the
Water, and the green Subltance,
all much as in the former.

The Plant K. The Mint was
fet in Hyde-Park Conduit-water,
in which was difrolved an Ounce
and a half of common Garden-
Earth. It weighed, when put in,
feventy fix Grains; when taken
out, two hundred forty four
Grains : Water expended, ten
thoufand feven hundred and thir-
ty one Grains. Tho’ this Plant
had the Misfortune to be annoy’d
with very finall Infeéls, that hap-
pened to fix upon it, yet had fhot
very confiderable collateral Bran-
ches, and at leafi as many Roots
as either in H or I, which had a
much greater Quantity of ter-
reltrial Matter adhering to the
EXtremitics of them. The fame
gram Subl‘tauce here that was in
the two preceeding.

L was fet in Hyde—Par}: Con—
dttit-‘Nater, with the fame Quan-
tity of Garden Mould as in the
former. The [Mint weigh’d,
when put in, ninety two Grains;
when taken out, three hundred
feventy fix Grains : And the
“Tater which was expended,
was fourteen thoufand nine hun-
dred and fifty Grains.

This Plant was more flourilh-
ing than any of the preceedent,

 

W A
had feveral confiderable collate»
ral Branches, and very numerous
Roots, to which terrefirial Mat-
ter adhered very copioufly.

The Earth in both thefe Glaf—
fes was very fenfibly and con-
fiderably waited, and lefs than
when firlt put in. The fame
Sort of green Subltance here as
in thofe above.

The Plant M was fet in
Hyde-Park Water, difiill’d Off
with a gentle Still. It weigh’d,
when put in, one hundred and
fourteen Grains ; when taken
out, one hundred fifty five: The
Water expended was three
thoufand eight hundred and three
Grains.

This Plant was pretty kindly,
had two fmall collateral Bran-
ches, and feveral Roots, tho’
not f0 many-as that in H or I ;
but as much terrelirial Matter
adhering to them, as thofe had.
The Water was pretty thick,
having very numerous, 6 fmall
tetrefirial Particles fwimming in
it,. and fome Sediment at the
Bottom of the Glafs. This
Glafs had none of the green
Matter above-mention’d in it.

N was fet in the Refidue of
the Water, which remain’d in
the Still after that in 1V1 was
diliill’d ofl‘. It was very turbid,
and as high coloured ( reddi/IJ )
as ordinary Beer. The [Hint
weigh’d, when put in, eighty
one Grains; when taken out,
one hundred feventy five Grains.
The Water expended was four
thoufand three hundred forty
four Grains,

This

,., ‘~'7\PV‘“
.‘E‘aflné ,

var-“a; rw v“ '

a gym-yew; ' 1mg;

's-p'u’u" ‘1‘ “

w:fipfm -:

, W A

‘This Plant was very lively,
and had fent out fix collateral
Branches, and feveral Roots.

The Glafs 0, had Hyde-Park
Conduit-water, in which was a
Dram of difl‘olved Nitre.

The 1mm, fet in this, fuddenly
began to wither and decay, and
in a few Days died; as likewife
did two more Sprigs that were
fet in it fuccefiively.

In another Glafs he diffolved
an Ounce of good Garden-
IVIould, and a Dram of Nitre.

And in a-third, halfan Ounce
of W'ood-Alhes, and a Dram of
Nitre; but the Plants in thefe
fucceeded no better than the for-
mer.

In other Glaffes he diffolved
feveral Sorts of Earth, Clays,
Marles, and Variety of Ma—
nures, £955. and fet [Him in
diflilled Water, and made other
Experiments of feveral Kinds,
to get Light and Information, as
to what hallened or retarded,
promoted or impeded V cgeta-
tion.

The Glafs P, was [Iyd‘e-Parh
Conduit-water: In this he fixed
a Glafs—Tube ten Inches long,
the Bore about one fixth of an
Inch Diameter, filled with very
fine and white Sand, Which he
kept from falling down out of
the Tube into the Phial, by ty-
ing a thin Piece of Sill: over that
End of the Tube that was down-
wards.

Upon immerfing the lower
End of it into the Water, this
(by little and little) afcended
quite to the upper Orifice of the
Tube: And }et in all the fifty
fix Days that it flood thus, :1 ve-

V o L. ll.

W A

ry inconfiderable Quantity of
Water had gone off, viz. l‘carce- .
ly twenty Grains, tho’ the Sand
continued moill up to the Top,
’till the very lafl. ’

The Water had imparted a
green Tinélure' to the Sand,
quite to the very Top of the
Tube: And in the Phial it had
precipitated at greeniflz Sediment
mixed with black.

Pretty much of the green Sub-

'fiance, defcribed above, adhered

to the Bottom and Sides of the
Tube, as far as it was immerfed.

Other like Tubes he filled
With Cotton, Lint, Pith of El-
der, and feveral other porous ve-
getable Subfiances ; fetting fome
of them in clear Water, others
in Water ting’d with Safiron, Co-
chineal, {5%. and made feveral
other Tryals, to give a mechani-
cal Reprefentation of the Mo-
tion and Diflribution of the
Juices in Plants, and fome other
Phtemmemz Obfcrvable in Vege-
tation.

Several Plants being alfo fet
in the Phials, Q, R, S, {9%.
were ordered after the fame '
llanner with thofe above, in
the following colder lVIonths ;
thefe throve not near to much,
nor did the Water afcend in nigh
thetQuantity it did in the hotter
Seafons, in which the before
cited Tryals were made.

From thefe Experiments, thefe
Ohfervatiom proceed :

Obfervation 1. I” Plant: of
the fame Kind, the Iej} they are
in Bulk, the [mailer Quantity of
the fluid [Weft in which they are

 

fit, i; dream ofi' ; the Difpehdi-
am of it, where the [Weft i: of
E e eqml

W A
' equal Tbickmfr, being pretty
near] proportiwed to the Bulk of
Ike lent.

Thus the Plant in the Glafs
mark’d A, that weigh’d twenty
feven Grains, drew off but two
thoufand five hundred fifty eight
Grains of the fluid; and that
Plant in B, that weigh’d twenty
eight and}; ,took up but three
thoufand and four Grains of the
fluid , Whereas that Plant in H,
that weigh’d one hundred twenty
feven Grains, took up fourteen
thoufand one hundred and ninety
Grains of the liquid Mafs.

The LVater feems to afcend
up the Veffels of Plants, much
after the fame Manner as up a

.Filter; and it is no firange
Thing,t that a larger Filter fliould
draw ofl more Water than a
lefl‘er one , or that 21 Plant, that
has more and larger Vefl"els,
fliould take up a greater Share of
the fluid in which it is let, than
one that has fewer and finaller
ones can. ’ -

This he does not note, as a
Thing very confiderable in it felt,
but chiefly in Regard to what
he is about to ofler anon; and
that it may be feen, that in other
Collations of Things he has
made a due Allowance for this
DiriErence.

Obfetvation 2. The mac/77
3/} Part of Ike fluid [Mn/3‘
fry? gz’mwx of“, 47:211.] um-

~\

g .
2H. I [.5
.

Cf‘,::
L

,712'. ..7
05‘

1 .: H." a? P/.:;m, dam 5‘0:

\
r
f.I/.‘ 7.1.? (.‘mihe’ Jim/'1‘, 5:5: pafler
11,710 :117L .2)“. .J 0,; CA.”-
its. '1‘ :37 9.10 : .‘t- /;'.’.-’,‘70J'J-’h7€i e.
. 7 "V .. 1"7-11

It is es. 11.1, that the Water
in there Light ‘111111I311ts aicended
only through

I‘]

7
.7 HUI-:1), (2;:1'!

 

 

WA

Plants. The Glaifes F and G,
which had no Plants in them,
(tho’ they were difpos d of in
the like Manner as the rell were)
remained at the End of the Ex-
periment as at firfl, and none of
the Water was gone ofl“: And
it is as certain, that the greatefl
Part of it flies off from the Plant
into the Atmofpherc.

The leafl Proportion of the
Water expended, Was to the
Augmentation of the Plant, as
forty fix or fifty to one ; and in
fome, the \Vater drawn off was
a hundred, two hundred, nay in
one above fevcn hundred Times
as much as the Plant had rc-
ceiv’d of Addition.

This ('0 continual an Emiflion
and Detachment of Water, in
[‘0 great Plenty from the Parts of
Plants aflbrds a manifold Rea-
fon, why thofe Countries which
abound with Trees, and the lat-
ger Vegeta .bles el'pecially, ihould
be very obnoxious to Damps,
great Humidity in the Air, and
more frequent Rains than Others
are which are more open and
free.

The great Nioiflnrc in the Air
was a mighty Annoyance to
thoie who firll fattled in limcn
rim, which then was much over—
grown with “foods and Groves :
But as they were burnt and de—
l‘rroy‘d, to mtke Room for Ha-

bitations and the Culture of the
Eitrh, the Air mended, and
cl"‘1‘ed up npace,.1nd became of
:1 tenanez much more dry and

{61‘le tfl. 11‘ bCl'31L’.

Nor does this [irinidfzti' go Off
‘pnre and
.LV flels of theiries out

alone, but 1151311379.-
along With it mazy
Iarts

- mm“

W A
Parts of the fame Nature, where-
of the Plants, through which it
paths, do confil‘t.

It is true, the Crafler are not
('0 eafily born up into the Atmof—
phere, but are ufually depofited
on the Surface of the Flowers,
Leaves, and other Parts of the
Plants. Hence are produc’d our
Illaamz’r, our Ham'er, and other
gummous Exfudations of Vege-
tables : But the finer and lighter
Parts are, with f0 much the
greater Eafe they are fent up into
the Atmofphere ; and thence are
convey’d to our Organs omeel-
ling, by the Air we draw in by
Refpiration, and are either plea-
fant or ofi‘enfive, beneficent or
injurious to us, according to the
Nature of the Plants from
whence they arife.

And. fince thefe owe their
Rife to the ”3337' which af-
cends out of the Earth through
the Bodies of Plants, we cannot
be far to feek for the Caufe why
they are more numerous in the
Air ; and we find a greater
Quantitylof Odours exhaling
from Vegetables, in warm, hu—
mid Seafons, than in any" other
Whatever.

Obfervation 3. A great Part
of tlae term/trial Friatter, that is
mixed wit/7 211: ”712137, afrmdx
74p into tlje Plant, a; well a! flare
”fatter.

At the End of the Experiment,
there was much more terrelirial
Matter in the “later of the
Glafi'es F and G, that had no
Plants in them, than in thofe that
had Plants. The Garden Mould
in the GlalT‘s K and L was
confiderably diminii’hed and car-

WA

ried off : Nay, the terrelirial and
vegetable Matter was born up
in the Tubes fill’d with Sand,
Cotton, {9%. and in that Quan-
tity, as to be evident even to the
Senfe. And the Bodies in the
Cavities of the other Tubes,
which had their lower Ends im-
mers’d in Water, wherein Saf-
fron, Cocbimal, 6576. had been
infus’d, were ting’d With yellow,
purple, 556.

If it may be permitted to look
abroad a while towards the Shores
and Parts within the Verge of
the Sea, there will be found a
large Scene of Plants, that along
With the vegetable, take up the
meet mineral Matter alfo in
great abundance; fuch as Sm-
Parflaim, the feveral Sorts of
Alga’r, Sump/fire; and other ma«
rine Plants.

Thefe contain common Sea-'
Salt which is all one with the
follile, in fuch Plenty, as not
only to be plainly diflinguiih’d
on the Palate, but may be drawn
forth from them in conliderable
Quantities. And fome affirm,
that there are Plants found that
will yield .Nitre and other mim-
ml Salts.

As to vegetable Nlatter, it is
manifefi how apt and how much
difpos’d it is (being ['0 very fine
and light) to attend Water in
all its Motions, and to follow
it into each of its ReceIIES, not
only from thol‘e Inflances that
have been alledg’d above, but
from many others.

It" you percolate it with all the
Care imaginable, if you filter it
with never ['0 many Filtrations,

 

yet there will remain fome ter-
E e 2. refirial

W A

rei’trial Matter: It is true, the
fluid Will be thinner every Time
than other, and more difengag’d
from the fame Matter, but never
Wholly free and clear. He fays,
he has filtred Water through fe-
veral, wholly, free and‘ clear
Sheets of thiclt Paper, and after
that through very ,elofe and fine
Clorh, twelve Times doubled,
nay,,has done this over and o-
ver again, and yet after all there
was a conliderable Quantity of
this Matter difcoverable in the
Water.

Now, if it paffes thus thto’
Interfiices that are to very final]
and fine, along with the Wa—
ter, it is lefs firange that it
ihould attend in its Palfage thro’
the D262; and Vqflelr of Planar.

It is true that filtering and di-
fiilling of Water does intercept
and make it quit fome of the
earthy Matter it was before im—
pregnated With; but then that
which after this continues with
the Water is fine and light, and
confequcntly fuch as in a pecu-
liar Manner is fit for the Growth
and Nourifhment of Vegetable: ;
‘and this is the Cafe of Rain-
writer. ,

The Quantity of terrelirial
'l‘t’latter that it bears up into the
Atmoi‘phere is not great; but
that which it does beat up is
mainly ot‘thlt light Kind, of
vegetable hilatter, and all‘o that
perfectly dillblv’d, and reduced
to fiugle Corpul‘clcs, all fitted
to enter the Tubules and Vell‘els‘

of Plants; and upon this AC—
count it is that [Cain-m rife)" is fo
fertile and prolificl;

2.

 

'W A'

The Reafon Why, he lays
in this Propofition, that only a
great Part of the terrefirial Mat-
ter, that is mixt with the Wa-
ter, afcends up with it into the
Plant, is, bee’aufe all of it can-
not. /,

The mineral matter is a great
deal of it not only grofs and
ponderous, but fcabrous and in-
flexible, and fo not difpofed to
enter the Pores of the‘Roots ;-
and a great many of the fimple
vegetable Particles do by De-
grees unite and form mee of
them fmall Clods or Molecztd
1m, fueh as before mentioned in
H, K and L, flicking to the EX—
tremities of the Roots of thofe
Plants.

Others of them intangle in a
more loofe Manner, and form the
Nubemlm, and great Bodies,
that are commonly obferved in
{tagnant 'Water. When thefe,
are thus conjoin’d, they are too
big to enter the Pores, which
they might have done fingly.
Thofe Perfons who are convers-
fant in Agriculture will eafily
lhbmit to this.

They are well aware, that

, tho’ their Earth be never to rich

and good, and 1b fit for the
Production of Corn and other
Vegetables, yet unlefs the Parts
of it be feparate and loofe, lit-
tle will come of it.

It is therefore upon this Ac-
count that they bellow the Pains
they do in the Culture of it,
plowing, harrowing, and break—
ing the clodded Lumps of Earth.

It is the fame YVay that Seiz-
5.113, .Nifrt’. and other ‘Salts pro-

mote

WA

mote Vegetation ; and he fays,
he is forty that he cannot fub-
fcribe to the Opinion of thofe
learned Gentle-men, who ima-
gine that Nitre is effintial to
Plants, and that nothing is aéted
in the vegetable Kingdom with-
out It.

For by all the Trials he has
been able to make, the Thing
is quite otherwife; and when
contiguous to the Plant, it rather
deflroys it than otherwife.

But this Nitre and other
Salts certainly do ; they loofen
the Earth, and feparate the con-
creted Parts of it; and by that
Means fit and dii‘pofe them to
be affinned by the Water, and
carried up into the Seed, or
Plant, fur its Formation and
Augment.

There is no Body but mufi
obferve how apt all Sorts of
Soil: are to be wrought upon
by Moiilure, how eafily they
liquate and run with it; and
when thefe are drawn of, and
have deferred the Lumps Where-
with they were incorporated,
thoi'e mufl moulder immediately
and fall afunder of Courfe.

The hardefi Stone, if it hap-
pen, as it frequently does, to
have any Salt intermix’d with the
Sax/d of which it confifis, upon
being expoi‘ed to a humid Air, it
in a ihort Time diffolves and
crumbles all to pieces; and
much more will clodded Earth
and Clay, which is not near of
To compact and folid a Confli-
tution as Stone is.

The fame Way likewife it is
that Lime is ferviceable in this

WA

Affair. The Husbandman lays
of it, that it'does not fatten
but only mellow the Ground.
By which they mean, that it
does not contain any Thin in
it felf that is of the famegqa-
ture with the vegetable Mould,
or afford any Matter fit for the
F ormation of Plants, but meet-
ly fot‘tens and relaxes the Earth,
and by that Means renders it
more capable of entring the
Seeds and Vegetables fet in
it, in order to their Nouriih-
ment, than otherwife it would
have been.

The Properties of Lime are
well known and how apt it is
to be put into a Ferment and
Commotion by Water ; nor, can
fuch Commotion ever happen,
when Lime is mix’d with Earth,
however hard and clodded that
may be, Without opening and
loofening of it.

Obfervarion 4. 779:: Plant is
more or left Kauai/bed and aug-
mem‘ed in Praportim, a; the Wa—
ter, :32 w/aicb it flamir, contain:
a greater or fmal/er Quantity of
pro er fcrrcflrial [Waiter in it.

he Truth of this Propofition
is [‘0 eminently difcernablc thro’
the whole Procefs of theft: Try—
als, that, he thinks no doubt can
be made of, it.

The [Mint in the Glafs C,
was much of the fame Bulk
and Weight with thofe in Aand
B; but the Water in which that
was being River Water, which
was apparently fnorefiored with
terrcihial Matter than the Spring
or Rain-water, wherein they
flood, were; it h;-:d thriven to

 

E e 3 almofl;

WA

almofl; double the Bulk, that

either of them had, and with a

let‘s Expence of Water too.

So in like Manner the [Mint
in L, in whofe Water a Quan-
tity of good Garden Mould had
been ditTolved, tho it had the
. Difadvantage to be lefs, when

it was firtt fet, than either of
the Mum H or I, the Water
of which was the very fame
with that in L, but had not any
of the Earth mixed with it; yet
in a {hort Time the Plant not
only overtook, but much out-
i‘tript all thofe ; and at the End
of" the/Experlment was very con-
liderably bigger and heavier than
either of them.

Alfo the [War in N, tho’ it
v as lefs at firft than that in M,
being fet in that turuid, thick,
fem/c711: grater, that remained
behind after that wherein M
was fet, was diltilled ofl‘, hadc
in the End more than double
its original Weight and Bulk,
and receiv’d above twice the ad—
ditional lircreaie, which that in
M had done, which Hood in
the thinner dillilled Water, and
which is as confiderable, had
not drawn ofi’halt‘ the Quantity
of Water which that had.

The Reafon why, in the Be—
ginning of this Article he limits

the Proportion of the Augmcnt of

the Plant to the Quantity of the
proper terreitrial Matter in the
H/Tqrcr, is, becaufe all, even the
vegetable Matter, to fay 11o-
thing of the mineial, is not pro-
per for the Nouriflnnent 0t ev c-
ry Plant.

There may be, and doubtlel‘s

3

 

WA~

there are, forne Plants, that are
much alike in different Species
of Plants, and to owe their
Supply to the fame common
Matter; but it is plain, all can-
not And there are other Parts
['0 dinning, that it is no Ways
credible, that they fhould be
formed all out of the fame Sort
of Corpufclcs; nay, it is to
far from it, that there does not
want good Indications, as will be
feen by and by, that every
Kind of Vegetable requires a
peculiar and fpecifick Matter for
its Formation and Nourifhment.
Yea, each part of the fame Ve-
get-able does to , and there are
very many and difierent Ingre-
dients that go to the Compoli-
tion of the fame individual
Plant.

It‘ therefore the Soil, wherein
any Vegetable or Seed is planted

ontains all, or mof’t, of thefe
Ingredients, and thofe in due
Quantity, it will grow and thrive
there; otherwite it will not.

If there be not as many Sorts
of Corpnfcles, as are requitite,
for the Confiitution of the main
and elfential Parts of the Plant,
it will not profper at all. If
there be thefe, and not fuflicient
plenty, it will itarvc and never
arrive at its natural Stature;
or it‘there be any the lefs necef-

fary and eflb11titil Corpufcles
wanting, there will be fome

Failure in the Plant. It will be
defeélive in This, in Smell, in

(Salazar, or fomc other VVay.
But tho’ .1 Traci of Land may
happen not to contain Matter
proper for the Confiitution or
fome

 

;
is
l

«,w

rum-.7 ,. w» .

- - vast;

“IA

fome one particular Kind of
Plant, yet it may for feveral
others, and thofe much differing
among themfelves. The ve-
getative Particles are commixt
and blended in the Earth, With
all the Diverfity and Variety as
well as all the uncertainty con-
ceivable.

It is not poflible to imagine
how one zmzfirm, bomogmeom
Matter, having all its Principles
or organical Parts of all the fame
S/b,’i:mce, Con/iitutz'm, Magni»
Figure and Gravity, fhould
ev er conflitute Bodies f0 egregi-
onlyunlike, in all thofe Re—
fpeéts as Vegetables. of diffe-
rent Kinds are; nay, even as the
different parts of the fame Ve-
getable; that one fhould carrya
refimry, another a miitr, a third
2 yellow, a fourth a red Juice 111
its Veins; one afford a fragrant,
another an ofl‘enfive Smell ; one
be fweet to the Tafle, anorher
biller, acid, deem, auflere, 656.
that one lhonld be mmi/L‘mg,
another poifmaztr; one pmgm7
another aflriyzgcét. In brief,
that there {hould be that Diric—
rence in them, in their feveral
Confiitutions, Makes, Proper-
ties and Eti‘eé‘ts, and yet all a-

‘l 19
thruL,

rife
hiattcr, would be very firemge.
And to note that by the By,
this Augment makes equally
liiong againi’t thofe, who fup-
pole meer Water to be the M 7 -
let out of Which all Bodies are
fomed.

The Cataputicz in the Glal‘s F,
received but very little Encrcafe,
only three Grains and an half,
ail the Time it Itood, though

from the very fame Sort of

 

in a few Years it will produce

W A

two thouland five hundred and
one Grains of Water were I‘pent
upon it: He will not 121v the
Reafon was, becaufe that “Tater '
does not contain in it Matter 1‘ t
and proper for the nourilhment
of that peculiar and remarkable
Plant. No, It may be the Wa-
ter was not a proper Medium for
it to grow in; and we know
that there are very many "Plants
that will not thrive in it.L

Probably too much of that,
Liquor in fome Plants may hur-
ry the terrefirial Matter through
their Vell‘els too fall for them
to arrcl’t and lay hold of it , but
let that be as it will, it is 111011
certain, that there are peculiar
Sail: that fuit particular Plants.

In England, Cherrier are ob-
ferv’d to fucceed belt in Kem,
ripple; in IIerqfomybire, Safiwz
in, Cambridgeflyire, ”710:1 in two
or three of our midland Coun-
ties, and Terzlrr 1.71-‘0merfetjmre.
This 15 an ObtervatiOn that hath
held in all Parts, and indeedi
all Ages of the World.

But this is a further Proof of
what he is here endeavouring
to advance, that Soil, that iso
proper and fit for the Produc C-
tion of fome one Sort of Ve-
getable, does not ever continue
to be f0. No, in Traci of Time
it lofes that Property, but {0011—
er in fome Lands, and later in
others. As for Example, If
Wheat be fown upon a Traft
of Land that is proper for that
Grain, the firfi Cr0p will tuc—
ceed very well, and perhaps the
fecond and the third, as long.
as the Ground is in heart ; but

‘1"-‘

Onax

E64 no

W A
no more, if fowed with that
Corn.

Some other Grain indeed it
may, as Barley, and after this
has been town to often that the
Land can bring forth no more
of the fame, it may afterWards
yield good Oatr, and perhaps
Pear after them, at length it
will become barren; the ve-
getable Matter that it firi‘t aboun-
ded withal being redtteed forth
of it by thofe fncceflive Crops,
and molt of it come off.

Each Sort of Grain takes forth
that peculiar Matter that is pro-
per for its own Nourilhment.
I’itl‘t the [JV/amt draws ofi‘ thefe
Particles that fuit the Body of
that Plant, the refi lying quiet
and undilhtrb’d the While ; and
when the Earth has yielded up
all of them, thole that are proper
for Barley, a different Grain,
remain {till behind, till the fuc—
cefiive Crops of that Corn fetch
them forth too; and ft) the 0;th
and Pear, in their Turn, til],
in fine, all is carried oil", and
the Earth in great Meafurc is
drained of that Sort of Matter.

After all which, that very
Traét of Land may be brought
to produce another Series of the
fame Vegetables, but never till
it is fupply’d with a new Fund
of Matter, of the like Sort to
that it at firfi contain’d.

This Supply is made feve-
ral ways by the Ground’s ly-
ing fallow for form: Time,
till the rain has poured down
a freih Stock upon it, or by the
Tiller’s Care in managing it.
And for further Evidence that
this Supply is in reality oflfuch

 

W A

Sort, We need only retleét a lit-
tle while upon thefe 'Manures
that are found by conllant Ex-
perience bell to promote Vege-
tation, and the Fruitfulnefs of
the Earth.

Thefe are either Parts of Ve-
gambler, or of Animalr, which
indeed either derive their own
Nourifhment immediately from
vegetable Bodies, or from other
Animals that do f0. In particu-,
lar the Blood, Urine and Excre-
mmtr of Animals, Shavings of
Ham and of Hoof}, Hair, IVool,
Feat/Jen, calcin’d 3/96/11, Lee: of
lVine and of Beer, fl/ljer of all
Sorts of vegetable Bodies, Lem-er,
Sim-w, Root: and Stubble, turn’d
into the Earth by plowing, or
otherwife, to rot and dilfolve
there. Thefe are our belt Ma-
nures ; and being vegetable Snb~
fiances, when refunded back a«
gain into the Earth, ferve for
the Formation of other like Bo-
dies.

Not wholly to confine our
felvcs to the Fields let us look
a while into our Gardens, and
there we {hall meet with liill
farther Confirmations of the fame
Thing. ‘

The Treat, 517ml): and Ilerlfi.
cultivated in thefe, after they
have continued in one Station.
till they have derived thence the
greatct‘t Part-of the Matter fit
for their Augment, will decay
and degenerate, unlefs either freth
Earth or fome fit Manure be ap-
ply’d to them. '

It is true, they maintain them—
felves there for fome Time by
fending forth Roots farther and
farther to a great Extent all round

. w

W A

to fetch in more remote Provi-
fions; but at lafi, all will fail,
and they mutt either have a frefh
Supply brought to them, or they
themfelves ‘ be remov’d and
tranfplanted to fome Place better
furnifhed with Matter for their
Subfil‘tence: And accordingly,
Gardeners obferve, that Plants
that have flood a great while in a
Place, have longer Roots than
ufual; Part of which they cut
off, when they tranfiplant them
to a freih Soil, as now not of
any Farther Ufe to them.

All thefe Inflances (to pafs
over a great many others that
might be alledg’d) point forth a
particular tcrreflrial Matter, and
not \Vatcr, for the Subject to
which Plants owe their Increafe.

Were it Water only, there
would be no Need of Manures,
or of Tranfplanting them from
Place to PlaCe. ' The Rain falls
in all Places alike; in this Field
and in that indifl‘erently ; on one
Side of an Orchard or Garden,
as well as on another: Nor
could there be any Reafon, why
a Traft of Land Ihould yield
li77eat one Year, and not the
next; fince the Rain fliowers
down alike in each.

Obfervation 5. Vegetaéler are
mt farmed of ”later, [wt of d cer—
miiz pecflliar terreftrial IVIatter.

It has been already fliewn,
that there is a confiderable Quan-
tity of this Matter contained
both in Rain, and Spring and
River-”fat” : . That the much
greatel’r Part of the Fluid Mafs,
that afaends up into Plants, does

W A

and afcends up- into the Atmo-
fphere. That a great Part of the
terreflrz‘alMatter, mixed with the
IrVaz‘er, paflés up into the Plant
along with it; and that the Plant
is more or lefs augmented in
Proportion, as the Water con-
tains a greater or fmaller Quark
tity of that Matter.

From all which, it may very
reafonably be int‘err’d , That
Earth, and not Water, is that
which confiitutes Vegetables.

, The Plant E, drew up into it;

two thoufand five hundred and
one Grains or fluid Mafs ; and '
yet, from all that, had receiv’d
but three and a half Increafe.

The Mint in L, tho’ it had, at
firfl, the Difadvantage to be much
lefs than that in I, yet being fet
in Water, in which Earth had
been mixed plentifully, and that
in I, only in Water, without any
additional Earth, it had vai’tly
outgrown the other, weighing at.
lealt one hundred and forty five
Grains more than that did, ['0
having gain’d' above twice as
much as that had.

In like IVIanner that in K. tho’
it was a great deal lefs when put
in, than that in I, and alfo was
impair’d and offended by Infeé‘ts;
yet being planted in Water,
wherein Earth was diflolved,
whereas the Water in which I
:had flood had none, it not only
overtook, but confiderably fur~
pafs’d the other, weighing at
‘lealt twenty nine Grains more
éthan that in I, and yet had not
gexpended [‘0 much Water as that,
gby above tWO thoufand four hun—

m

 

not fettle 'or abide there, but dred Grains.

pai’fcs th'ro’ the Pores of them,

The

W A
The Plant N, tho’ at firft a
great deal lefs than that in M;
yet being fet in the foul, Crafs-

Water that was left in the Still,

after that in which M was for,
was drawn off, in Conelufion
had gain’d in Weight above dou-
ble what that in the finer and
thinner W'ater had.

The "Proportion of the Aug-
ment of that Plant that throve
moft, was to the fluid Mafs
that was fpent upon it, but
as one to forty fix. In others
it was but as one to fixty, a hun-
dred, two hundred ; my in the
Catapzrtia it was but as. one to
feven hundred and fourteen.

The Mint in B, took up thirty
nine Grains of Water a Day,
one Day with another, which
was much more than the whole
Weight of the Plant originally ;
and yet for all this, it gain’d not
more than one fourth of 3 Grain
one Day in Weight.

Nay, that in H, took up two
hundred fifty three Grains a Day
of the Fluid, which was near
twice as much as its original
.VVeight, it weighing when firlt
fet in the Water, but one hun-
dred twenty feven’ Grains, and
after all, the daily Increafe ot‘ the
Plant was no more than two
éé Grains. ‘

Obfervation 6.
Rain-water contain .
rm. equal C/aarge Qf'l'L‘Lngflé‘lé’ filer-
er ; River-water more firm: ci—
tber of them.

The Plants in the GletlEs A,
B, C, were at firlt of much the
fame Size and Weight : At the
End of the Experiment, the Mint
in A had gained fifteen Grains

Spring and

fire-‘1‘ y 5011‘

 

W A
out of two thouliztri five hun-
dred fifty eight Grains of offing;
[Vale/r.

Thn in D, had gather’d feven-
teen (irains and a half, out of
three thoul‘and four hundred
Grains of Rain-{Vater : But tha
in C, had got twenty fix Grains
out of only two thoufand four
hundred ninety three Grains of
Ri-zrer-H’zz/cr.

He does not found this Propofi-
tion folely upon thefc Tryals;
having made fome more, which
are not related here, that agree
well enough with thefe.

.To that the Proportions, here
delivery}, will hold for the
Main; but a {trie‘t and jufl Com-
parifon is hardly to be expeéted.
So far from it, that he makes no
Doubt, but that the Water that
falls in Rain, at fome Times,
contains a greater Share of ter-,
rellrial Matter, than that which
falls at others.

A more powerful and intenfe
Heat innit needs hurry up a
larger Quantity of that Matter
along with the humid Vapours
that form Rain, than one more
feeble and tennis ever pniiihly
can. The Water of one Spring
may flow forth with an higher
Charge ofthis Matter, than that -
of another : This depending
partly upon the Quichnefs of the
Etullitiun of the Wrater; and
partly upon the Quantity of that
h’latter, lat:nt in the Sin/ft: thro’
which the Fluid paffes : For the
fame Reafon, the VVater of one
River may abound with it more
than that of another: Nay the
fame River, when much agita-
ted and in Commotion, rgufr

' ea:

.- 2:}:

W K
bear up more Of it, than when
it moves with lefs apidity and
Violence.

That there is a great Quantity
of this Matter in Rivers, and
that i:- contributes Vafily to the
Fertility of the Earth, we have
an illufltious Inl‘tance in the
Nile, the Garages, and other Ri-
vers that yearly overflow the
neighbouring Plains. Their
Banks lhew the fairefi and largefi
Crops of any in the whole
World. They are even loaded
with the NIultitude of their Pro-
du ions : And thofe who have
no: feen them, will hardly be
indue’d to believe the mighty
Returns thofe Traéts make, in
Comptrifon of others that have
not the Benefit of like Inunda-
tions.

Obfervation 7. Hitler ferve:
onlyf‘w a Vehicle to the Zcrrtflrizzl
Elzzz‘ter which forms Vegetables,
4;ch doe; mt it'felfmake (my riddi—
tz'm unto them.

\Vhere the proper terre/lrz'al
flIazter is wanting, the Plant is
not augmented, tho’ never to
much Water afcend into it. The
Cataputia in E took up more
‘Vater than the [Hint in G, and
yet had grown but very little,
having received only three Grains
and an half of additional ‘vVeight;
Whereas the other had received
no lefs than twenty fix Grains.

The Mint in I was planted in
the [lime fort of Water as that
in K was, only the latter had
Earth diflblved in the Water ;
and yet that drew off thirteen
thoufand one hundred and forty
Grains of Water, gaining it felf
no more than one hundred thir-

 

W A’

ty nine Grains in VVeighta
\Vhereas the other took up ten
thoufund feven hundred thirty
one Grains of Water, and was
augmented one hundred fixty
eight Grains in Weight. Con-
fequently that fpent two thou-
fiand four hundred and nine
Grains more of the Water than
this in K did, and yet was not
['0 much inereafed in Weight as
this by twenty nine Grains.

The Mint in M flood in the
very fame Kind of Water as that
in N did; but the Water in M
having much let‘s terre/lrial Mat-
ter in it than that in N, the
Plant bore up eight thoufand
eight hundred and three Grains
of it, gaining it felf only forty
one Grains all the while: Where-
as that in N drew off no more
than four thoufand three hun-
dred forty four Grains, and yet
was augmented 9.1. Grains. So
that it fpent four hundred forty
five Grains of Water more than
that did ; and yet was not it felf
[‘0 much inereas’d in Weight, as
that was by fifty three Grains;
This is both at very fair and a
very conclufive Inftance. ‘

It is evident therefore, ”fater
is not the Matter that compofes
vegetable Bodies; ’tis only the
Agent that conveys that lVIatter
to them; that introduces and
dit‘tribntes it to their feveral Parts .
for their Nonriihment.

That Matter is fluggith and
inaétive, and would lie eternally
confin’d to its Bed of Earth,
without ever advancing up into
Plants, did not ll/ater, or form:
like Infirument, fetch it forth,
and carry it into them.

' ' That

W A

That therefore there is that
plentiful Provifion, and vaft a-
bundance of it fupplied to all
Parts of the Earth, is a Mark of
natural Providence, fuperintend-
ing over the Globe we inhabit ;
and ordaining a due Difpenfation
of that Fluid, Without the Mini-
i‘try of which, the noble Succef-
{ion of Bodies we behold, Ani-
malr, Vegetable: and Mineral;
would be at a Stand.

But to keep to Plants: It is
manifefi, Water, as well upon
this, as the other Hypothefis, is
abfolutely 11eceffary in the Af-
fair'of Vegetation, and it will
not fucceed Without it: Which
indeed gave Occaiion to the
Opinion, that Whiter it felf‘ nou-
rilhed, and was changed into
vegetableBodies. They faW, that
tho’ thefe were planted in a Soil
never to rich, to happy, to ad-‘
vantageous, nothing came ol’"it,
unlefs there was H’arer too in
confiderable Quantity. And it-
muft be allow’d, that VegemHeJ
will not come on or profper,
where that is wanting : But yet,
What thofe Gentlemen inferr’d
thence, was not, We lire, well
grounded.

This Fluid is capacitated for
the Oflice here afllgn’d it, feveral
Ways. By the Figure of its
Parts, which (as appears from
many Experiments) is exactly
and mathematically Spherical ;
their Surfaces being perfectly po-
lite, and without any, the leaf‘t
Inequalities.

It is evident, that Cor‘pzrfclcr
of fuch a Figure are eafiy fui‘cep—
tible of Motion, yea, far above
any others thttfocver; and con—

 

W A
fequently, the mol‘t capable of
moving and conveying other
Matter that is not {'0 afiive and
voluble.

Then the Intervals of Bodies
of that Figure are, with Refpeet
to their Bulk, of all others the
largefi ; and fo the molt fitted
to receive and entertain foreign
Matter in them. ,

Befides, as far as the Tryals
hitherto made, inform us, the
confiituent Corpufcles of Water
are each fingly. confidered abfo-
lutely folid, and do not yield to
the greateli external Force. This
fecures their Figure againli any
Alteration: And the Intervals
of the Corpufcles mull: be always
alike. By the latter, it will be
ever difpofed to receive Matter
into it; and by the former, when
once received, to bear it on
along With it.

Water is farther capacitatcd to
be a Vehicle to this Matter, by
the Tenuity and Finenefs of the
Corpufcles of which it eon-
filis. We hardly know any Flu-
id in all Nature, except Fire,
Whofc conliitncnt Parts are ('0
exceedng [anti/r and final], as
thol'c of “rater are. They will
pals Pores and lnterllices that
neither Air not any other Fluid
will. This enables them to en-
ter the finel‘t Tubes and VeiTels
of Plants, and to introduce the
tcrrefirial Matter, conveying it
to all Parts of them; whillt each,
by Means oi‘Organs ’tis endow’d
with for that Purpofe, intercepts
and ailinnes into itfelf fuch Par-
ticles as are fuitable to its own
Nature ; letting the reli pals thro’
the common Duels.

’ Nat,

 

we

{-
5-“
is
(s;
F,‘

W A

Nay, we have almofi every
where mechanical .Infiances of
much the fame Tenor. It is ob-
vious to every one, how eafily
and fuddenly Humidity or the
Corpufcles of Water, fufiained in
the Air, pervade and infinuate
theml‘elves into Cordx, however
tightly twified, into Leaf/yer,
Parchment, vegetable Bodiex,
”’oodr, and the like.

This is that which fits them
for I'Iydrometerf, and to meafure
and determine the different Quan-
tities of Moiflure in the Air, in
dlITCrCllt Places and Seafons.
How freely Water paffes and
carries with it terrefirial Matter,
thro’ Filtres, Colatures, Diliil-
lations, 69%. hath been intimated
already.

Obfervation 8. ”rater i: not
capable of performing? this Office
tr) Plums, mzlefr aflifled by a daze
Quantity of Heat; and flair muff
roaster, or Vegemrim will not
flawed.

The Plants that were fet in
the Glafibs Q, R, S, at. in
Ofloéer, and the following cold—
er Months, had not near the
Quantity of Water fent up into
them, or ['0 great an additional
Increafe by much, as thofe that
were fet in 3m, 32!} and the
hotter.

It is plain, that Water has no
Power of mming it felt", or ri-
fing to the val‘t Height it does, in
the more tall and lofty Plants;
[0 far from this, that it does not
appear from any Difcovery yet
made, that even it own Fluidity
confifls in the inteliine Motion
of its Parts; whatever fume,
otherwife very learned and

W A
knowing Perfons,
thought.

There is no Need of any

Thing more, for folving all the
Phenomena of Fluidity, than
fuch a Figure and Difpofition of
the Parts as Water has. Cor-
pufcles of that Make, and that,
are all abfolutely fpharical, mutt-
fiand fo very tickly and nicely
upon each other, as to be fuf—
ceptible of every Impreflion;
and tho’ not perpetually in
Motion, yet muft be ever ready
and liable to be put into it,
by any the flightefi Force ima-
ginable.
' It is true, the Parts of Fire or
Heat are not capable of moving
themfelves, any more than thofe
of Water; but they are more
fubtile, light and aEtive than
thofe are, and to more eafily put
into Motion.

In fine, it is evident, and
Matter of Fact, that Heat does
operate upon and move the Wa—
ter, in Order to its carrying on
the Work of Vegetation: But
how it is agitated in it felf, and
where the Motion firlt begins,
this is no fit Place to enquire.

That the Concourfe of Heat
in this Work is really neceflary,
appears not only from the EX-
periments before us, but from
all Nature; from our Fields
and’Forefis, our Gardens and
Orchards. -

VVC fCC in flutamm, as the
Sun’s Power grows gradually
let‘s, ['0 its Effect on Plants is
remitted, and their Vegetation
flackens by little and little. ts
Failure is firii difeernabie in.

may have

 

Trees. Thefe are rais’d high-elk.
‘ above

W A

above the Earth, and require a
more intenl‘e Heat to elevate the
Water, charged with their N ou-
rifllment, to the Tops and EX-
tremities of them; f0 that, for
Want of frefh Support and Nu-
triment, they fllCd their Leaves,
unlef‘s fecur’d by a very firm and
hardy Confiitution indeed; as
our Eater—green: are. Next, the
Shrubs part with theirs; and then
the Herbs and lower Tribes, the
Heat being at length not fufliei-
em to fnpply even thefe, tho’ 1'0
near the Earth, the Fund of their
Nourilhment.

As the Heat returns in the
' fueceeding Spring, they all re-
cruit again; and are t‘urnilh‘ed
with frefh Supplies and V erdure.
But firf’t thofe that are lowelt
\and neareit the Earth, Iferér,
and they that require a lefs De-
gree of Heat, to raite the Water
with its earthy Charge into them.
Then the Slam/25 and higher V e—
getables, in their Turns; and
laltly, the Tract.

As the Heat inereafes,it grows
too powerful, and hurries the
Matter with too great Rapidity,
thro’ the finer and more tender
Plants.
and decay; and Others that are
more hardy and vigorous, and
require a greater Share of Heat,
fucceed in their Order. By
which IVi'echanilin, provident
Nature furnilhes us with a very
various and tliiierClit Entertain—
ment, and what is belt fuited to
each Seafon.

As the {It-.2: of the feveral
Seafons atlords us a different
Face of Things; to the fever-.11
diltant Climates thew their f"

LLV C“

..

T heft: therefore go oh“

W A
ral Scenes of Nature and Pr0r
dtlétions of the Earth.

The hotter Countries yield 01'—
dinarily the largefi and tallelt
Treat, and .thot‘e too in much
greater Variety than the colder
ever do.

Even thofe Plants which are
common to both, attain to a
much greater Bulk in the Sow/967%
than in the J‘Jom'bcm Climes.

Nay, there are fome Regions
['0 bleak and chill, that they raife
no Vegetables at all, to any con-
liderable Size. This we learn
from Gram/swag Iceland, and 0-
ther Places of the like cold Site
and Condition. In thefe, no
Tree ever appears; and the very
Shrubs they alford, are few, lit-
tle, and low.

1 might have followed this
learned and ingenious Author
farther; but thete Things being
the molt material, as to the Pro—
perties of Water, in the Buiinefs
of Vegetation; and which are
proper to eXtend the ingenious
Thoughts more univerfillly a-
mong the Lovers of Horticul—
ture, which at prefent are want—
ing among (indeners; I lhall
not proceed any Luther here, but
recommend thol'e that require
further Satist‘aetion, to the Trea-
tif‘e it felt.

7. VVAIE RING.

ANY Plants would fuffcr if
they were not carefully wa-
tered at their firlt remov.il, or in
extreme dry Seatbns, therefore
it {hould not be neglected early

 

in the Spring; but you lhould
be cautious of watering the

Leaves

 

u,\e

 

WWW « .1 '-

ffl’rwernv

 

\

W A
Leaves of young and tender
Plants While the Weather is cold,
and only wet the Earth that is
about them.

AS for thofe Plants, or Seeds,
that are more hardy,’ when the
Nights are cold, water in the
Forenoon; but if the' Days be
hot, and the Nights warm, the
Evening is the belt Time.

Water that comes out of
Wells, or deep Pits, fl10uld
[land for a Day, in an open Vef—
fel in the Sun, before you wa-
ter tender Plants with it in the
Spring.

But Pond, River or Rain—wa—
ter, is better than Well or Spring
Water, and needs not to fiand
in the Sun.

If the Dung of Pigeons, Sheep
or Hens _; 0r Afl'lCS, Lime or a-
ny fat Soil, be infus’d in the
Water in Cifierns, or other Vet‘-
fels, it will much add to the
Growingr of Plants if they be

continually watered with it.

No Plants Ihould b watered
too much, left the \szter carry
away with it the vegetative, or
fertile Salts, and f0 i1’11poverifi1
the Ground and chill the Plants.

But it is better to Water 2
Plant throughly and feldom,than
often and finringly, for fparing
and fhallow wateringr is buta
deluding the Plant, and eaufes
it to root mallow: r t11111 other-
Wife it would, and {'0 render it
more liable to be injured by the
Severity of the Weather.

Slips, or Cuttings of Herbs,
or Plants, ought to beplanted
in moift Ground flour 1?: ”5/
to the End of flpril and be it
quently watered and l‘eparatede a:

 

WA

:1 Knot, Joint, or Bur, or trim
or three Inches beneath it, and
molt of the Leaves ihould be
firipp’d oil” before they are‘plant-
ed, and no tide Branches lhould
be left on; fomc flit the End
where it is cut off, and fame
twill it. All Plants mui‘t [land
two Years, at leaft, before they
are fit to remove.

If you would have the Ground
always 1110111 about a Plant, you
may place a Vefl'el of Water
1‘ "111 it, and put aPieee of wool-
len Cloth 0r Lift into it, and
let one End of it hang out of
the Vefil‘l to the Ground, and
the Other be 1n the Water, af-
ter the Manner of a Crane, ha-
ving firfi wetted the Lift 01'
Cloth, and the Water W111 neep
contitiually drOpping, till it 13 all
gone out of the Vellel : But the
End that hangs without the Vet'-
l‘el 1111.1[1 be always lower than
the Water in the Ve e1, or elfe
it will' not fuceeed, and if it
does not drop fall enough, you
may unfrnient your Lift or Cloth,
and it it drops too fail you may
make it lets.

'W'hen any Sort of Seeds have
been fown, though the Ground
be never [b dry, they {hould not
be watered they ha‘ e been
for ty eightl -1outs in the Ground,
and the OG1o~s1nd 1s a little fettled
itboat them, that they may be a
little gl with’the natural
juice of the Earth, left by too
much Whiter coming on them at
once they fhould burl}. It‘the
Ground be very dry when you
[bu the Seed you may l'ow it
LDC dCng '

r311

L‘L

,.
'etLd

8.1V».

‘.W,A'
é. [WATER-PLANTS.

R. Bradley tells us, that as
the beautiful Flowers of
forne of the Water-Plants do
at lealt equal, if not furpafs 1m-
ny of our molt curious Land
Plants, and efpecially thofe in
the [Va/f Indie: ; he is perfuaded
many curious Perfons would
have made Plantations of them,
if they had known how to have
done it: But tho’ America ex—
ceeds us, yet we are not Without
them in England, as the ”finer
Lilies and Razmmcalrtr’: OF feve—
ral Kinds, that are fo frequently
found in our Rivers and Ponds,
and efpecially in Cambridgeflflre
where there is a great Variety.

”latervPlam‘t may be culti-
vated in Gardens, altho’ there
are neither Poads, River: or
Spriagt in them ; And he recom—
mends the doing of it in the Me—
thod tbllowing.

1. Either in Garden—pots glaz-
ed, without Holes, or in Troughs
or Cafes of Wood of oaken
Boards two Inches thick, fix
Foot long, and two Footwide,
and two Foot and an half deep;
it~ they are for large Plants that
grow under \Vater, the Troughs
need not be fo deep. The Cor—
ners of thele Troughs lhould be
firengtheue with Iron, and the
Inlide fhould be well pitched,
and the Outlide painted.

Thei'e Pots or Troughs lhould
be filled one third part with
common unmixed Earth forll’a-

ter Lilies, or Paid li’eeds, or,

fuch as require Depth of VVa—
ter for their Leaves to fwim in.

W A

And for Water Aroma, ”rater
P{¢mttzim andRanumu/m’s,which
love not [1) much Depth ofWa-
ter as the former, they may be
filled two thirds with the fame
Earth.

And as for thol‘e ”falter-plant:
that grow in Bogs and Marlhes,
the Pots or Troughs may be
fill’d with the Earth, to within
five Inches of the Top.

This may be perform’d in A-
pril, when the Water-plants be-
gin to appear, which may be
planted from that Time ’till the
Middle of 39mg; and the Vet'-
fels may be fill’d with Water as
foon as the Plants are put into
them.

It ought alfo to be obferv’d,
That many of the Water—Plants
are 'Ermtic/ex, {wimming about
from Place to Place, as the
Wind carries them, taking no
Root in the Earth, only {triking
their Roors into the Water ; as,
Dad‘s-meat, Beg-bits, and H22-
2‘er-So/dim‘ : A finall Quantity
of Earth in the Bottoms of the
Pots or Cafes, will be fuflicient
to maintain the “Inter in a right
State for the Support of thet‘e.

And indeed, the belt Way to
underfland the right Method of
Cultivating them in Gardens,
will be, to obl‘erve the Mode of
GrOwth, and the Expofitre of
thofe Plants that we would civi—
lize in our Gardens. For the
plain Road of Nature {hould be
always followed, or at lcal‘t kept
in View, in Order to obtain
healthful Plants.

l In thus artificially Cultivating
tighter-131mm, it is his Opinion,
that thofe that naturally grow in

RiVers

 

W A‘
Rivers fliould be frequently re-
freih’d with Spring-Water: But
fuch as delight to grow in {land-
ing Pools or Ponds, fhould be
feldom interrupted with it.

It may alfo be obferv’d, that
Water-Plum, when they are re-
mov’d, are as long before they
recover themfclves, to renew
their Growth, as Land~Plants
are. And whereas it is an ui‘ual
Thing to flielter Land-Plants
from the Heat of the Sun, after
they have been tranfplanted, 1474-
ter—Pltmrr mull be treated quite
contrary, and mull be expOS’d to
the Sun, after their Removal.

The Seed: of Water-Plant;

are of two Kinds ; the one Kind
fwimming on the Top of the
the \Vater, and the other linking
to the Bottom as foon as it is
fhed; following the Nature of
their Mother-Plants in that Re-
fpeét : For if the Seeds of fuch
Plants which naturally fwim on
the Top .of the \Vater, fhould
link to the Bottom, thofe Seed:
would not be in the proper Sta—
tion which is requir’d for their
GrOWth ; and lb of Conf'equence
would perilh: And fo on the
_other Hand, the Seed: of fuch
Plants, which naturally grow un-
der \Vater, will not fwim on
the Top of it.

It may alfo be obferv’d, that
in our Climate no one li’arer-
let is an Evergreen ,but all
of them are either vivacious or
animal, and either lofe their
Leaves down to their Roots, or
intirely perifh, excepting only
their Seeds ', for it is impofiible
that they {hould live and grow in
frozen Waters.

_V o L. 11.

 

\

W Av
Therefore, in Order to pre-
ferve their Seedr, that we may
be fupply’d with -the feveral
Kinds from Year to Year; the
Plants are to be follow’d from
the Flower ’till they ate'ripe,
and then they ihould be put into
Earth‘ and Water, to preferve
them fit for Vegetation the neXt

Spring ; for that is the Way that ~

Nature takes, and there is no

Difficulty of doing this in Pots, '

556.
They may be put into the
Pots or Troughs as foon as they

are gathered, and may there ei-_ ‘

ther {ink or lfwim according . to
their Nature, ’till the Spring
caufes them to fprout ; and they
will profper, and require but a
very little Attendance.

He adds, that he does not
doubt but that the Seed: of W-
ter-Pl/Ijzts will produce as many
Varieties as the Seed: of Land-1
Plants every Year.

As to Exotick Water-Plants,
he is of Opinion, that they are
belt to be procur’d and brought
hitth in the Seed; ; and Whereas
in America the Waters are ge-
nerally adorn’d with beautiful
Plants ; if they were pro’cur’d by
fome ingenious Correfpondent
in thofe Parts, they may be‘put
( each Sort by it felf') into Bo‘t-
tles of Water and Earth, With
large lVIouths, and only be co-
vered with a Linnen-Cloth ;
for if they _ were ftopp’d with
Corks, the Liquor would be apt
to ferment: And thefe Bottles
might be put into a Veffel of
Water, and f0 be brought to us ;
and when we receive them, they

lhould be fown in the Pots, as'

F f direé‘ced

 

W A
direéted Wine, and fet into
Hot-beds, ’till the Weather in
England comes to anfwer the
Heat of the Climate they came
from.

When the Seed: are gathered,
the Perfon who does it ihould
curioufly obferve the ‘Depth of
»the Water they grow in, the
Quality of the Soil under the
\Vater, the Situation, and Whe—
ther it is {landing or running
\Vater they grow in; and above
all, the Tafie of the Water,
whether it be frelh, or falt, or
brackifh.

When we, have made a good
C()lle&ion of Varietiespf ”infer
P/zmz‘r, they may be difpos’d in-
to Clay/73:5, and the feveral Tribes
rang’d in their proper Order,
which would be of Ufe to fuch
as read Leétures on Plants: And
for Want of this, is the Occa-
fion that IIWzter-Plam: are f0
little known.

He accounts the molt proper
Sealbn for Difpofing and Re—
moving them, is as foon as they
are out of Flower, and the
Leaves begin to decay, which is
about the Bettinning of September.
The Stems or Branches of them
ihould then be cut oil; near the
Root; and,their Roots {hould be
planted at due Dill-anccs in the
POTS or Troughs, as before di-
reéted. See Hitler—Lil}, under
the Article Lily.

He adds, that thofe U’afer-
Plant; which come from foreign
Parts, Inuit be fhelter’d in a
Green—houfe, during the VViu-
ter ; for if they, like the Exotick
Land-131mm, fo far preferve their
natural Seafon of Growth, that

W A‘

they will only fprout in the
Spring ~Time‘ of their native
Countries; they will fome of
them flower with us in the Win-
ter Seafon, And while they are
in the Green—houi‘e, they {hould
be frequently refrefh’d with Wa-
ter, fomewhat warm’d with the
Heat of Horfe-Dung or the Sun,
and be allow’d as much Air as
pofiible.

8. WAX.

R. Bradley tells us, That

both ”in; and Honey, right-
ly prepar’d by the Beer, mull be
of Ule to the Vegetables; ei-
ther the [Fax to be 'laid to the
Room, or the Roots to be anoint-
ed with the Homy, or both toge-
ther made up into :1 Patio ; and
that this will promote Vegeta-
tron.

The Reafon he gives is, That
the lVax made by Beet, is made
of the enlivening Parts of a
Plant, i. e. the male Duff and
the Honey is colleéled from an
elli‘ntialDeW, which is always
found in or about the female
Parts of Flowers. And there-
fore, it is but reafonable to con—
elude that thol‘e Bodies, either
apart or together, are apt to help
the Growth ofPlants, if rightly
apply’d.

If Honey be apply’d to the
Roof! of Plants, it will anfwer
one of the Ends that Soap.Will
do, viz. it will keep the Roots
from being ihrunk by the fiir,
’till the Earth is well fettled
about them. And he is of Opi-
nion, that :1 Plant anointed with

 

it, will gain a great Benefit by
it :

W A

it: For tho’ Haney is taken
from the molt finilhed Parts of a
Plant, yet (as you will find elfe~
where) the extreme Parts of the
Roots may be made to become
Branches, and the extreme Bran-
ches to act as Roots.

He adds, That as it is certain
that it is helpful to the perfecting
of the Seed, and (as he believes)
fills the Lobes of every Seed
with nutrimental Juices, for the
Subfifience of the Embryo of :1
Plant, in the Seed; to it may
very well be fuppos’d that Honey
mutt allilt the . Growth of a
Plant.

But' then he propofes it to be
confidered, whether or no every
Sort of Honey will do for that
Purpofe; for that if it be by the
Bee: gathered from the Flowers
of Beam, Broom, Furz, Heat/a,-
Peafi, or Garden Flowers, it is
quefiionable whether it will be
alike ufeful to every Sort of
Tree.

But he is of Opinion, That if
the Country about, were nicely
examined, as to what chiefly is
in Flower, and from thence a
Judgment were made, from
what Sort of Plant the lVax or
Honey were made, they would
chiefly be of Ufe to promote
the Vegetation of the fame
Kinds, rather than of others.

Not but that he is of Opi-
nion, they would be a great
Help to any Sort of P1 :nts, as to
inriching their Growth, as they
depend upon the natural Princi-
les of Vegetation, which are
generally the fame.

But probably, That which is

W A‘
molt ferviceable to Tulipl‘, and
that from Beam to Beam, that
from Pea: to Pear,» and ft) on.

But however, this Honey did
differ from Trees according to
the Plants it was gathered from,
yet there can be nothing in it
dilagreeable to Vegetation. And
therefore he does not doubt,
but that if the 11"“th made at the
Time When either the Clog/hut,
the 04k, or other Trees were in
Flower, the lI/zzx or Honey
would be fovereign, if the Seed:
or Maj} of the fame Trees were
inclofed in it, when they were
put into the Ground.

Becaufe the lVax has in it the
Subfiance of the male Spirit, by
which that Seed was fitl’t endued
with the Spirit of Vegetation ;
and the Ham)! partakes of that
'Dew which is found in the
female Flowers, which was ef-
fential to the Growth of the
Plantulzz in that Seed.-

9. GRAFTING \VAX; .

MR. Mortimer for C left Graft-3
Mg, Whip Grafting, and
Graftiflg by A/lpproacly, reCOIn~;
mends tempered Clay, or fof’t
Wax, but for Rind Grafting,
Clay and Iforfe Dung.
, Dr. Agricola fays, that Coun-‘
try Gardeners inltead of Grafting
Wax only me Clay, which they
lay over a piece oit'Linen-Cloth
and fo keep it always moilt;
and to prevent its cracking with
the Heat of the Sun, they tie
l‘vlo'fs over it With Bafs;
But his Gardener made his Graft?-
ing ll/ax as follows ': Half aPound

 

gathered from Tylz‘pr would be

,of Pitch, a Quarter of a Pound,
F f 2 of

W A

of Wax, and half an Ouncefot‘
Oil of Almonds, which being
melted and mixed together, he
made up into long Roles; and if
he made it in Sprifig or Autumn,
he put in a moderate Quantity
of Turpentine.

With this he covered the Cleft,
put a double Paper or Linen
over the Top of the Tree, then
tied it withuBafs, or finall light
Ofier, but not too hard, efpeci-
ally on Stone Fruit Trees, and
a narrow Slip of Bark on each
Side of the Cleft, to prevent the
great prellltre.

He Pays, he made that he calls
his noéle Grafting lVax, for the
Roots of Trees as follows: He
took two Pounds of pure Pitch,
fuch as is called at Ratirbzm, Vir-
gin Pitch; to this he added half
a pound of good Titrpem’ine;
and put them together into an
earthen Pot, and {Cr them over
the Fire, that the volatile part'of
the Tangerine might evaporate,
becaufe it would otherwife be
very prejudicial to Trees and
Roots, and to know when it

,was enough he poured a little
ofit on a Pewrer Plate, and if
it did coagulate prefently, it was
enough. Then he added to it

half 3. Pound of [71‘7"qu ”‘th
and half an Ounce of pounded;
\Vhen thct‘c1and orher Motions.

fifyrr/J and fl/am.

were well mixed he made it up:

 

WE
13. WEATHFR'

THE Knowledge of the Wea-

is of great fervice in Gar-
dening and Agriculture ; but the
imaginary Prognofiications ofAl-
manaclr Writers, has been found
to be but a meet delufive Cant
and Jargon.

More certain Signs and Prog—
noilicks of good and bad Wea-
ther may be colleéted' from thofe
things that are nearer to us than
the Orbs of the Planets. Nor need
We go any farther than this our
own fublunary W orld, for the
molt probable Conj-c'clures, in re—
lation to the Weather, and may
deduce our Prognol’tications, in
relation thereto, from Animal;
and Vegcialzlcr, €955.

' Therefore thofe who have ap—
plied themfels'es to the Obferva—
tions of the Signs and Prognof-
ticks of goat! or am VVearf‘er
have laid down thefe followmg

Rules.

Animals that live in the open
Air, mull necellarily be fuppofed
to have a quicker Senfe of it,
than Arlen that live within
Doors, and el'pecially the airy In-
habitants, the. Birdr, who live in
the freell and elearelt Air, and
are more apt, by their High
as well as
their Voices to difcover their

into little Rolls, or elfe Platters, SCllliltiOIIS Of it.

that is, dipt Linen Rags into it,

or 91g}, kept it in Galli-p0t5_ Sign, or Progm/Ecrfiimr afrai—

See an'zay

;2_v ”feather.

The Lord BflCOfl fays, that
”rater Iibau’f, fuch as Sea—Gully,
fiIoor-Heizr, 63%. when they

flock

W E
flock and fly together from the
Sea towards the Shore, foretel
Rain and Wind.

And on the other Hand, when
Lewd Birds, fuch as C rows, Swal-
lows, 8:. fly from Land .tO the
Waters, and beat the Waters
with their Wings, it betokens
Rain and Wind.

The natural Reafon of this
fccms to be, the Pleafure that
both Land and Water Fowl take
in the Moiflnefs and Denfity of
the Air, and fo love to be in
Llotion and upon the Wing.

It is no firange Thing, that
”rater Fowlr delight in that Air,

WE

Flies ; for the Air being clog—
ged with vapours hinders Flies
from afcending) it befpeaks
Rain.

When Peacock: cry much;
when Bird: that ufually perch
upon Trees, fly to their Neils,
when Fowl: pick up their Feaj
thers with their Bills, when-
Cocks crow before their ufual
Hour, and Hens creep in Cluf-
tcrs into the Dull, they are
Signs of rainy Weather.

Not only Birds but Bea/l: do
give notice of Rain; as Sheep,
when they leap mightily, and
pulh at one another with their

which is molt like ”fatter, their: Heads, it denotes Rain.

natural Element; and that Lam’-
Fowl alfo ( many of them ) de-
light in Bathing and 1110“]: Air.

And alfo for the fame Rea-
fon, many Birds prune their Fea-
thers, Geefe gaggle, and the
Crow: call for Rain ; all which
feems to be but the Pleafure
they take in the Relaxation of
the Air.

The Heron, which is a Wa—
ter Fowl, delights in a condenf—
ed Air; and belides, being, a
Fowl of a heavy Wing, re-
quires the afiiltance of the grof-
fer Air, and therefore when the
Air is grofs and thickens into
Showers, {he flies low,

\Vhen Crow: flock together,
in large Flights, and hold their
Heads upwards as they die, and
cry louder than they ufually do,
it is a Sign of Rain ; and when
they walk {talking by Rivers and
Ponds, it is the lame.

When Swallow charter and

When 40%: bray or lhake their
Ears, or are annoyed with Flies; '
when Deer: fight, When Foxes
and H/olve: howl mightily ; when
Hog: at play break or fcatter
their Food, and (been that are
tied together, riife their Heads,
and lick their Snouts, it is a
Sign of Rain.

When Cattle leave off feeding
and make hafie to lhelter under
Bullies and Hedges, 65:. when
Cat: rub their Heads With their
fore Paws (efpecially that Part
of their Heads which is aboye
their Ears, and lick their 130-
dies with their Tongues, it is a
Sign of Rain. .

Beaflr do generally delight in
amoifi Air, and it caufes them
to eat their Meat the better;
Catt/e, Deer and Ritz/abet! Will
feed heartily before Rein ; Het-
fer; will put up their Nofes, and
fnuff in the Air againll Rain.
S/yeep will rife early—in a Morn—

 

fly low about Lakes and Ponds.
(which they do in order'to catch! ' -

ing to feed againfl Rain.

F f 3 AIR;

W E

,f‘ili'o Fi/bw, either Sea or Ri-
ver fry/7, do often by their play-
ing towards the Top of the Wa-
ter foretell Rain : For this the
Lord Bacon gives this Reafon,
that when the Weather is dry,
the Fi/la love to keep as much as
they canfrom the Airyand
fwim lower, and will not come
near the Air, till it is moii‘t.

Infec‘lr and Reptiles do alfo
give prognoi‘ticks of Rain.

flat; quit their Labour, and
hide themfelves in the Ground,
againft Rain 3 for thefe provident
Iafec‘lr, by a fecret Inflinét in
Nature, carry their Eggs to a
Place of drier Security, when
they find the Air changed into
» Moiftnefs and clogged with Va-
pours.

Beer, when Rain is coming
on, do not {tit from their Hives,
or at leaf}; not very far.

Flea: bite more againft Rain,
and Flier are very troublefome
often daihing againfi Perfons
Faces. Mole: will call up more
Earth; and Earfb—H/rormr Will
creep out of the Ground againft
Rains.

Even the Bodies of Men and
Women give Tokens of Rain
or Frofi, even by Aches, Corns
and Wounds, which will be
more troublefome againit fuch
Seafons: for Rain makes the
Humours of the Body to abound

more, and Froft makes them
fliarper.
Mr. manna fays, that the ve-

ry Body of all Animals and Ve—
getables is (a it were ) a
Contexture of 3:17:01726Zer5, H}-
.gromeinu and T/Eermmzez‘err ;
for the Humours with which

 

W E
the organized .Bodies are reple-
nifhed, inereafc or decrcafe, ac-
cording to the different Difpofi-
tions of the Air.

Progmfiickr of the W eat/Jar by
Vegetables. \

The Reverend Mr. Pointer
tells us, he has obferved, that
many, if not molt Vegetables
do expand their Flowers, and
down in fun—ihiny Weather, and
towards the Eyening, and againit
Rain, clofe them again, efpe—
cially at the Beginning of their
flowering, when their Seeds are
young and render.

This is evident in the Down
of Daadclioa, and other Downs,
and eminently in the Flowers of
Pimperm’l ; the opening and {hut-
ing of which, he fays, are the
Country—Man’s Weather wifer.

And Mr. Gerard fays, if the
Flowers be clofe {hut it betokens
Rain and foul Wear/oer ,1 but if
they be fpread abroad, fair H’ea-
z‘lvcr.

The Lord Bacon fays, Tre—
foz’l [wells in the Stalk againfl
Rain, and [0 Hands more up-
right; for by ll'ct, Stalks do
ereét and Leaves bow down;
and Pliny fays much to the
fame Purpofe.

The Former fays likewife,
that there is in the Stubble
Fields :1 finall red Flower, which
Country People call the W’zmo-
pipe, which if it opens in the
Morning, you may be fure of a
fair Day to follow.

Mr. Ozaimm gives as a natu—
ralReafon of this, that Plants
are a Sort of natural Hygrame—

ten,

WE

fen, which are compofed of an
infinite Number of Fibres, Tra-
cbm, or Air Velfels, which are
like [‘0 many Canals or Pipes thro’
which the Moiilure of ’the Air
as well as the Juice of the Earth,
is conveyed into all its Parts.

Thefe Tracbece, or Air V ef-
fels are vifible and appear very
pretty in the Leaf of the Scabiom,
or the Vine, if you pull afunder
fome of its principal Ribs, you
may fee between them the fpiral
Air Veffels (like Threads of
Cobwebs ) a little uneoiled.

Sign: of rainy ”feat/yer by [b-
lid Bodies.

The hardefl and molt folid
Mari will fwell by the NIOi-
{lure of the Air; this is evident
by the- Difficulty of {hurting
Doors and Windows in wet
Wat/yer ; and Boxes, efpecially
of Deal, and Pegs of Wood when
they dr1w and wind hard, are
Signs of wet \thher; and this
is caulk-d by the Admifiion of
the Air thro’ the Pores of the
”7001.

Mr. Ozamm fays, the moifi
Vapours do readily infinuate into
IVaod, CYP€Cially that which is
light and dry, it being extrcamly
porous ; f0 that they are fome—
times made ufe of for dilating
and breaking the hardel‘t Bodies,
and in particular [Hi/Himm;
for when they have cut a Rock
into a Cylinder, they divide that
into feveral lell'er Cylinders, by
making fevcral Holes round the
great Cylinder at proportional
Diitance; , according to the
Th’icknelfes they defign the

 

W E.

Mill-jz‘omr, and then fill them
with as many pieces of Sal/aw
Ll’oad, dry’d in an,0ven; for
when the wet Weather comes,
thefe Wedges, Or Pieces of
Wood, become fo impregnated
With the moil‘t Corpufcles of the
Air, that they tfwell and break
or feparate the cylindrical Rock‘
into feveral Stones.

And Stoaex, el‘pecially Mar-
ble, will fweat, or rather feem
to fwear, againfl wet Weather,
tho’ it be but from an outward
Caufe, in that the Homes are (‘0
hard and folid as not to admit
the Moii‘tnre of. the Air; and
therefore it only lies upon the
Superficies of the Stones.

And the Humidity of the Air
infinuates it felf into the hardel‘t
Bodies, which are not dei’titute
of Pores, and efpeciallv into
light Bodies, that take up a great
Space.

Sign: of rainy ll’eatber from the
P/aaet; and Stars.

By the Sun. If the Sun at his
tiling looks red, and broader
than ufual, then many moii‘t Va-
pours are gathering from the
Sea, and the Air is thickening ;
and the Beams of the Sun being
difl‘ul‘ed in it canfes the Sun’s
Face to {how a great dealbigger
than is ufnal; and in a fhort
time you will perceive‘the Clouds
muttering and overlpreading the
Heavens, and the Air conden‘tl
ing into a watery Body.

If this happens in Sammer or
flatama, when the Weather is
hot, the Showers thar fall will
be violent, but of lhorr Canni—

F t‘ 4. nuance ,

l

Wm. :
nuance; butii this happens in
the il’rzuter or Spring, it derfotes
fettled Rains, but more mode-
rate.

It has been an Obfervation
confirmed by long Experience,
that if the-Suu rifes With a blu-
ij/J Circle, inclining to wlyize,
the Air is grofs and condenfed,
and Rain will foon fall.

And if when the Sun rifes he
is pale; and the Sky is of a duf—
ky red in the Morning, it will
foon be overcait, and there mufl
quickly follow Rain, attended
with whisking lViudr.

Alfo if the Sun rifes of a mif—
ty, muddy Colour, or in a black
Cloud, and defufes his Rays pa—
Iifla towards the Nort/J and South,
it foretells Rain.

It has been an Obfervation,
that if the Sun fets under athick
Cloud, Rain will fall the next
Day 5 or if it rains immcdi itely
there will be a great deal of
W’iud the next Day ; and this is
almoft the conflant Confequence
of a pal: Setting Sun.

Tho’ a red Sky, at the Sun-
riflug is a Sign of Rain, yeta
red Sky, when the Sun fets is
a Sign of fair VVeather. tho’
indeed if the Sky be red ata
greatDifiance frOm the part where
the Sun fets, as in the Eufl, there
will infue either Raiu or liliim’
the next Day.

As to the M0072. A pale Moon
is a Fore—runner of Rain, a red
one of Wind, and a clear one of
fine Weather. / /

\Vhen the [Moon is encom—
pafi‘ed with a very large Circle,
or is dim and mifiy, then. there
will follow Wind, Raiu or Suo-w

 

WE

very quickly, or probably With‘
in twenty four Hours.

If the Horns of the Mom, at
her firfi thing, or within two
or three Days after her Change,
are blunt, it betokens rainy Wm-
tbcr for that Quarter, but fea-
fonable [limit/Jar the other Quar-
ters.

An Irir round the Moon is al-
fo :1 fign of Rain, with a Sour/3
H’iud. '

Two or three difcontinued
and fpeckled Circles or Rings,
round the [Moon befpeak a
Storm.

From the Starr. When the
Stars feem bigger than ufual,
pale, dull, and do not twinkle,
it. is a Sign that the Air is con-
denfing to Rain, that will foon
fall.

When in Summer time the
Starr appear brighter and more
blazing than ordinary, it befpe—aks
great Winds and Rain.

When many Stars appear in
the Night, and feem more nu-
merous than ufiml, and in Sum-
mer time the Wind be at Eflfl,
if denotes fudden Rain.

Sign; of raiuy ”feather from
t/Jc Clouds.~

If in an Evening there appear
many i'mall Cloud: from the ”if/l,
it ihews, that Rain. is gathering
and will foon fall.

VVhen Cloud: appear like
Rocks or Towers, they fignify
great Showers.

Mr. Ozauam fays, that when
we fee little,'blaek, loofe Clouds,
wandring to and fro, lower than

the rel}, we apprehend a future
term 5

W H
Storm; and when at the rifing
of the Sun feveral Cloud: are
feen to gather in the Illefi; and
on the other hand, if thefe Cloud:
difperfe it befpeaks fair Wea-
ther.

When the Sun, thro’ the
Clouds, appear double or triple,
it fhews a Storm of long Du—
ration.

When Halcyom, Coats, and
other Sea Fowls leave the Shores,
and Flock to the Sea, it is a
fign of fair Weather.

When Cattle feed eagerly
without looking about them, it
is a fign of fair Weather.

When Fi/h rife frequently and
flurt upon the Water, it is a
fign of fair Weather.

Spider: Weh: in the Air, or on
the Grafs and Trees foretel
much fair Weather.

See the Articles Barometem,
Fro/h, flail, Fog: and Mifls,
Rain, 552021.}, Vapourt, ll/imlt,
Thtmdcr , Lightening, Winter ,
eye. in their properPlaces.

n. WEATHER GLASSES, fee
BAROMEIER at the latter End
of Letter B. and alfo in the
Supplement, at the latter Em!
of the firfl Volume.

1 2. WHARLES.

H/lRLES of Flowers,

fuch as are fer at certain
Diliances about the main Stock
or Spike.

 

W1

13. SWEET-WILLIAMS,
or SWEET-JOHNS.

MR. Bradley fays, There are
three Sorts of this Plant
ufnally cultivated in Gardens;
tWo with jingle Heaven, and
one with dotthle. The fight
Sorts are both alike, except in
the Colour of their Flowers;
the one bears Clufters of F low-
ers of a deep Crimfon Colour,
and the other bears Truffes of
Flowers variegated with red and
white. The double Kind has its»
Stems fhorter than the fingle
ones, and bears beautiful red
Flowers.

Soil] They delight in a loa-
my Earth. .

The fingle Sorts may both
be raifed from Seed fown in
Afareh, but will not blolTom till
the fecond Year, they bear Blof—
foms upon Stalks two Foot high
in fine and :‘fztly. They may
alfo be increafed from Slip: tak-
en from near the Root, or may be

laid down in the Earth like Car— , '

nation Layers.

Mr. [Mortimer fays, the dou-
ble and the Velvet are chiefly
worth the propagating. They
are multiplied by Slip: taken from
the Plant new the Root in [Wart/a
0r A'pril, and planted, and every
Slip of them will grow. They
flower in fizz/y, but 1101: till the
fccond Year ;' And if their Seed
were preferv’d and foam, Other
Varieties ofthcm might be pro-
duced. They do very well to W11
in Borders where they make a
fine Shew.

14. VIII.—

W!

14. WILLOW, fie WITHY.
15. FRENCH WILLOWS.

H E French IVIIIo-w is a

Dwarf Shrub, it bears pret-
ty Pink colourd Flowers, pro-
duces a great Number of Suck-
ers, about the Root, which may
be taken off and tranfplanted ei-
ther in the Spring or Autumn.
If thefe Plants be planted in
Wildernefs Works, they will
— foon ovetfpread the Ground, but
if they are defigned to adorn
Patterre’s, the Roots muft be
confined in Pors.

16. WINDS.‘

IND is defin’d to be the

Stream or Current of the
Air, together with fuch V apours
as the Air carries along with
it.

The Ancients made but four
Winds, according to the four
Cardinal Points; but this was
quickly looked upon as too grofis
a Divilion ; the following Age
added eight more to this Num—
ber, which was thought too mi-
nute and nice :1 fubdividing;
and therefore they reduced the
lafl; Number to four, taking e—
very other, or middle “find,
and adding them to the old Ac-
count. But our Sailors, who
are far beyond the Ancients for
their Skill in Navigation, have
divided the Horizon into thirty
two equal 'parts, adding twenty
eight to the four Cardinal Winds,
a Thing exceeding ufct‘ul in Na-
vigation, but of no great concern

 

'W I
in Natural Philofophy, unlefs it
be to give us a Hint that the
Wind blows from all parts of
the Heavens. ~

”find: are either cog/lam: or
variable. The con/24522: Mud: are
up and down always at a cer-
tain Time of the Year, and in
certain Parts of the World; but
the variaélc vary fo much that
that they cannot be reduced to
any Rule.

The confiant and periodical
Winds are only in the widel‘t
Seas, as in the Atlantic}: and E—
t/bz'opirk Seas, between the Tro-
picks, there is generally an caf—
terly Wind all the Year long,
Without any confiderable Varia-
tion, unlefs declining fome few
Points towards the ‘Nortb or
Sour/.71 : But all along the Coafis
of Camera, for five hundred
Leagues the flattt/acrly and Scat/a
I’Vqfl Wizd; are perpetual.

In the Indian Ocean the [Windy
are partly general as in the zit/22'0-
pic/c Ocean, and partly periodi-
cal, that is, they blow one Way ,
half the Year, and upon the op-
polite Points the other half.

This that is here faid relates
to the Sea 113711; at fome Dif-
tance from the Land ; for upon
the Land, and near the Shores,
the Land and Sea Breezes are
almolt every wh ‘re fenlible; and
the great variety that happens in
their Periods, Force and Di—
rection, happens from the Situa-
tion ot‘lVlountains, Valleys and
Woods, and from the various
Texture of the Soil, more or
leis capable of retaining or re-
fletfting Heat, or ot‘ cxhaling or
condenfing Vapours. ~

Or

WI

Of variable Windy, fome are
common to all Countries, others
are more peculiar to fome parti-
cular Parts. .\

Of the latter Sort the molt
famous are HurrimneJ‘, WhiCh
Chlefly infeft the Caribee Iflumif,
but are not anniverfary nor e-
qually frequent.

Their Fury is (‘0 great, that
they throw down all before
them, tear up Trees, overturn
Houfes, tofs Ships prodigioufly,
and blow about ‘Things of vafi
Weight. They are not even,
continued Winds, but blow in
Gulls, which fuddenly come and
go ; neither do they exrend very
wide, but are fometimes con-
fined to a narrow Compafs,‘ and
at other Times take a larger
Scope. As for their Duration,
it is but for a few Days, and
fometimes only for a few Hours.
They are more common in Ame-
rim than any Where elfe; but
yet Eztrope and flfid are not al—
together without them, as ap-
pears from Hiflories and Tra-
vels.

The Caufes of Tempe/Z; and
Ifzzrricarze: are hardly to be ac-
counted for in all the Partieu-
lars. However, it may in the
firlt place be noted, that the Riz-
tia of all Liquids is mucn the
fame ; and therefore an extraor-
dinary Nlotion may be excited in
the Air, by the fame Way as it
is in the \Vater.

Now if \Vater fall from a
high place, or if there be :1 Con—
fluence of feveral Streams toge-
ther, this gives a violent Motion.
and caufes many VVhirlings and
Eddies in it.

 

WI

This is apparent in the Tor~
rents falling dQWn the Rocks,
and the Confluence of Rivers.

If therefore fomething analo—
gous may happen in the Air,
there needs mutt be furious Tem-
pefts of Wind raifed in it. And
fuch a Thing may happen, if an
extraordinary Quantity of Vat-
pours be drawn by the Wind,

upon a certain Place, which' '

they cannot eafily get over, by
Reafon of Mountains or contra-
ry W’inds, which oppofe them.
For Example ; Suppofe 9.
Wind, upon fome Point, be-
tween Nort/o and Ea/l, carries a
large Colleétion of Vapours out
of Africa into the Carribee 1/161;
this Wind lights upon the Con-
tinent of America; now it is
poflible, that not only the Moun-
tains and Woods of Panama
may refill the Current of this
Wind, and crowd the Vapours
together there; but a contrary
Wind, upon a Point between
South and Wefl, may blow at
the fame time upon the H’c em
Shore of America, Wthh {hall
force the .Vapours back again.
When fuch a Re-encounter hap-
pens ; there mull be a wild up—

~roar in the Air about the Car-

rz'bcc Iflzmdr, and in all that
Trac’t between Soar/la and Nortb
America. And the Vapours in
this circular iVIotion mull needs
be furious on all Sides, jufl as
it is in the XVater.

For we fee in the Confluence
oftwo Rivers, if their Currents
are rapid at the Place where they
fall in, they caul‘e Violent Ed—
dies whirl things about that are
caft into them, fwallowing them

up

A

WI

up for a little time, and then
throwing them up again.

This fl1€WS us the Reafon,
Why heavy Bodies are often tof-
fed in the Air by the whirling of
Harrimmr, and then daih’d to
the Ground again ; for the Air
being a circular Motion, is with
great Fury tofs’d backwards and
forwards, between the Ground
and the Clouds.

For as the Waters of the rol-
ling Sea do not run to the
Shores in an even Stream, but
in fueh Waves as dafh by Fits
and Turns ; fo the Conrfe of a
violent Wind is in broken and
diitinét Blafls.

Such Tempeils do nOt extend
very far, (tho’ their Bounds are
uncertain) becaufe the neigh-
bouring Air giving Way to them,
they fpend themfelves in the Pro—
grefs of their Motion.

Thus when a. great Stone is
cait into the Water we fee a
great Agitation round about the
Place Where it fell; but the
more the Waves retire from the
center of the Motion, the flow-
er and the lefs fenfible they
grow: And as fueh Motions
do not lait long in the \Vater.

no more do they in the Air forfl

the fame Reafon.

Though there may be unufual
Storms of \Vind any where, the
flir and Vapour: are drawn to-
getl er thereabouts, by contrary
V’Vinds ; yet they are more fre-
quent about the Carriécc lilands,
elpecially in 3am: and Aagufl,
when the Sun is vertical there ;
for their Air being ratified by
the Sun‘s Heat, the ui‘ual \Vinds
bring thither a writ Quantity of

 

WI

Air. and Vapours, which being
cronded together, in the Gulf of
America, caufe a great fEftua-
tion about the neighbouring If1
lands.

When the Sun is on this Side
the fl'jqzmtor, the Air is more
rarified thereabouts, and it may
1'0 happen, that the Sam/a, Sour/a
Eafl Wind, which conitantly
blows beyond the Line, may
finnetimes tranfgrefs its Limits,
and bring the Vapours of the
i )t/oiapici‘ Sea, to the fame Place
where thol'e of the Artwork are
already gathered; which being
kept in by the Shores of flmc-
rim, mutt necefliirily be driven
about the Carri/me Iflands.

Some Wim’r are drying, others
are moifi, forne gather Clouds,
others dii‘perfe them; fome are
warm, others cold, but their In-
fluence is not one and the fame,
in all Places ; for fuch Winds
as are warm in one Country are
cold in another; thofe that are
wet with us are dry with other
Nations, and on the contrary.

As to the Caufe of li'z'mir,
fome have been inclined to at-
tribute it to the diurnal Rotation
of the Earth upon its Axis; by
which as the Globe urns erg/i-
tutzrtz’r, the loofe and fluid Par-
ticles of the Air, being ('0 ex
ccedinglight, that they may be
left behind; fo that in refpeét
of the Earth’s Surface, they
move Ivy/11116122,“, and becomes
a ceiltiant erg/Zm’y VVind.

This Opinion items confirm—
ed in that thefe Winds are
found only near the Eryizirzoc-
i222], in thofe Parallels of Little
tude, where the diurnal Marion

15

W I

is fwiftelt ; but the conflant
Calms in the Atlantick Sea, near
the Eguator, the ‘weflerly Winds
near the Coafis of Guinea, and
the periodical wefierly Monfaom
under the Equator in the Indian
Seas, feemingly declare the In-
fuflicieney of this Hypothefis.

Befides, the Air being kept to
the Earth by the Principle of
Gravity, would in time acquire
the fame Degree of Velocity,
that the Surface of the Earth
moves with, as well as in re-
fpeét of the diurnal Rotation as
of the annual about the Sun,
which is about thirty Times
Swifter.

It remains therefore to fub-
fiitute fome other Caufe that is
capable of producing a like eon-
fiant Eti‘eci,‘ not liable to the
fame Objections, but agreeable
to the known Properties of the
Elements of Air and H'Qz‘er, and
the Laws of the Motion of flu-
id Bodies, fuch a one- is the Ac-
tion of 'he Beams of the SM,
upon the Air and ”liter, as he?“
pafIES every Day over the (heart,
confidered together with the Na-
ture of the Soil and Situation of
the neighbouring Cominemr.

Therefore according to the
Laws of Smirk-r. the Air which

WI

.‘teft Meridian Heat is\with him
carried weft-ward, and confes-
quently the tendency of the
Whole Body of the lower Air is
that Way,

Thus a general eaflerly Wind
is formed, which being imptef-
fed upon all the Air of a vafl
Ocean, the parts impel one the
other, and f0 keep blowing till
the next Return of the Sun,
whereby fo much of the Motion '
as was loft, is again reliored;
and thus the eaflerly Wind is
made, perpetual.

From the flame principle it
follows, that this eaflerly Wind
lhould on the .Nortb fide of the
qumz‘or be to the wort/award of
the Eafl, and in Sam‘b Latitudes
to the foutbward thereof; for
near the Line the Air is much
more rarified at a greater Dif—
tance from it, becaufe the Sun is
twice in a Year vertical there,
and at no Time difiant above
twenty three Degrees and an
half, at Which Difiance the Heat
being as the Sine of the Angles
of Incidence, is but little ihort
of that of the perpendicular Ray.
Whereas under the Tropickr, tho’
the Sun {lay long vertical, yet
he is a long time forty feven Dc-
gre'es off, which is a kind of

 

is 1-28 ratified or expanded by
Heat, and eonfequently more
ponderous, mult have a motion 1
round thofe parts thereof, which
are more rarilied and lefs ponde-
rous to bring it to an Egzrili-
érz‘xm ; alfo the prefence of the
Sun continually fhifting to the:
'weflwtcrd, that part towards;

g

Vinter, wherein the Air cools,
['0 that the Summer Heat: cannot
warm it to the flame Degree
with that under the @zma‘ar.
Wherefore the Air towards
the Kort/award and font/award be~
ing 1er ratified than that in the
Middle, it follox's, that from
both tides it ought to tend to-

which the Air tends, by Reafon ‘ wards the 1337141973

of Rarefaétion made by his grea-

This

WI‘

This Motion compounded
with the former eq/‘z‘erly Wind,
anfwers all the Phenomena of
the general Trade Winds, which
if the whole Surface of the Globe
were Sea, would undoubtedly
blow all round the World, as
they are found to do in the At-
Icmtic/c and Ethiopick Oceans.

But feeing that ['0 great Con-
tinents do interpofe and break
the Continuity of the Ocezzm, re-
gard muft be had to th Nature
of the Soil, and and p {ition of
the high Mountains, which are
the two principal Caufes of the
feveral Variations of the Wind
from the former general Rule.

For if a Country lying near
the Sun, prove to be flat, fandy,
and low Land, fuch as the De-
ferts of Lybia are ufually report-
ed to be, the Heat occafion-
ed by the Reflections of the
Beams of the Sun, and the
Retention thereof in the Sand
is incredible to thofe that have
not felt it, whereby the flir be-
ing exceedingly ratified, it is ne-
ceffary that the cooler and more
denfe Air i‘nould run thither-
wards to refiore the Equili-
barium.

This is fuppofed to be the
Canfe why, upon the Coafis of
Gained, the Wind always fets
in upon the Land, blowing wef-
fer/y, infiead 0f eaflerly, there
being fuflicient reafon to believe,
that the Inland parts of Africa
are prodigioufly hot, fince the
mart/3:377: Borders thereof were ['0
intempcrate, as to give the An-
cients caufe to conclude, that
all beyond the Tropick: was
uninhabitable by excefs of Heat. ‘

 

WI

but this Hypothefis is contra~
diéted by the conftant Calms
in the fltlantick Sea near the
Equator, 69%.

Others are rather inclined to
afcribe it to the Action of the
Sun’s Beams upon the Air and
Water, as he pafl'es every Day
over the Oceans, confidered to-
gether with the Nature of the
Soil and Situation of the adjoin—
ing Countries ; the Mountains,
the \Voods, the Heat and Cold,
the Moi [lure or Drinefs of Coun-
tries, creatc the great Varieties
of VVinds.

The dry Winds feem to be
fuch as carry but a few Vapours
along with them, and therefore
lick of the moift Particles from
the Bodies over which they pafs,
and thus in Holland.

The Nor/l) and Eafi {Viz/2.4},-
With the intermediate Points are
drying, becaufe the cold mart/gem
Sea, yields but few Vapours in
Comparifon of thofe that come
from warmer parts of the O-
cean. But the 'we/fer/y ”72d;
and others, are moifi, becaufe
they iiTue from warm and va-
porous Parts. The wcflem
Wind feldom failing to fend
Rain.

Such ”Gad: gather Clouds,
which blow from the Quarters
where the Vapours arife, which
in Conjunction with the Va‘
pours of our own Region, fill
the Air. And on the contrary,
thofe which bring little Vapours
along with them, and hear away
that which hangs over us, bring
fair Weather.

ll’imz’r are either warm or
cold, as the Countries are from

whence

WI

whence they blow; and there-
fore when a brisk Wind blows
from a cold Quarter, it allays
the Heat of Summer, which is
very troublefome in fiill Wea-
ther,. Thus aquick Blafl of a
pair of Bellows will put out a
Flame, which a gentle Blowing
increafes; for the quick Blall
drives all the Flame to one
Side, where it is {iiflled by the
Force of the incumbent Air,
for want of Aliment; but a
gentle Wind augments the Mo-
tion of the Flame every way,
and makes it fieze on more Parts
of F ewel.

Now, becaufe all the Heat
or Cold of Wind proceeds from
the Heat or Cold of the Coun-
try where it blows; therefore
the fame Winds are cold or hot
every where. Beyond the Line
they are juft the reverfe of what
they are with us; their cold
Winds are from the Sour/J, ours
from the Nor’b; and as our
Sour/3 Winds are warm for no
other Reafon but becaufe they
bring us an Air heated by the
Sun, for the very fame Reafon
the Nari/2 Winds are warm to
our Amipoder.

From what has been faid, it
is evident, that the Sun is the
Caufe of Wind, and Ivlotion
the Caufe of Vaponrs.

There are fome who fancy
that the Waters in the Bowels
of the Earth are rarefied into
V aponrs by the fubterraneous
Fires, and thefe Vapours ifi‘uing
out of the Chinks of the Ground
create the Wind; and becaufe
the Situation of Mountains is
commonly fuch, as permits thofe

WI

Vapours to flow but one Way,
therefore they fay the Vehe.
mence of the Wind is in fuch
and fuch a Place.

But thefe Perfons thew no
Place whence the Matter of the
Winds can come with [‘0 much
Force ; tho’ they talk of Caves
which are the Store-houfes of the
W’inds; yet if it were (‘0, all
Places muff be full of Caves,
whereas we hear but of very
few. And befides, in the Places

Winds would'blow continually,
or would feldom fail ; but this
is What was never found yet.
See Vapourr, Hail, Rain, Snow,
{9%.

Mr. Lazzreme fays, the HE]?
and South-wfll Winds with us
make the greatell Defiruc'lion in
a Garden, which as he l'lJS made
his Ohfervations do blow two
Parts in three of the Whole Year,
and that wefterly Winds blall:
Fruit more than thofe from the
Eafl, as they are much more
frequent.

The Reverend Mr. Robizfm
gives us_this Account of the 071'-
gin 0f ”Emir.

That in the greateli probabili-
ty it proceeds from vafi Swarms
—of nitrous Particles, which rife
from the Bottom of the Sea,
which having been put into Nio-
tion, either by the central Fire,"
or by that Heat and Fermenta—
tion which do abound in this
huge Body of the Earth ; and
therefore this firfl Commotion,
which is excited by the faid Fer-
mentation, is called a Bottom—
H/z'mi, which is prefently dil'co—
vered by I’orpczfir, and other

(.

 

VIC-‘1'

where fuch Caves are, the fame

‘-

W I
Sea‘Fifh, that delight’to fport
and play upon the Waves of
the Sea, and do by their playing
give to Mariners the firft No-
tiee of an approaching Storm.

When thel‘e nitrous Swarms
are rifen towards the Surface of
the Sea, they caul‘e in adark
Night fuch a {hining light upon
the Waves,- as if the Sea were
on fire, and being delivered
from the brackiih Water, and
received into the open Air, thoi‘e
fiery and fliining Meteors Which
fix upon the Mails and Sides of
the Ships, and are only nitrous
Particles condenfed by the cir-
cumambient Cold, and like that
which the (Sigma/h call Pluf-
phorm, or artificial Glow—worm,
thine and caft a Light, but have
no Heat. , .

This gives the fecond notice
to h/Iariners, that the Storm is
rifing '; for the Sea begins to be
rough upon the firil breaking
out ofthe Wind, and the \Vaves
{well and rife, tho’ the Air at
the fame Time is calm and
clear.

This boiling Fermentation of
the Sea caufes the Vapours to
arife, which by the Intenfenel's
of the circumambient Cold is
eondenfed into thick Clouds,
and falls down in Storms ot‘
VVind and Rain ; firi’t upon the
Sea from whence they rofe, and
then the attractive Power of the
Mountain cold, by a fecret
lVIagnetifin between Vapour and
Cold, attracls the wateriih Va-
pours, and intermixt with ni-
trous Particles to the high Tops
of Mountains and Hills, where
they hang hovering in thick Fogs

 

WI

and watery Mills, until the At;
mofpherical Heat ratifies the ni-
trous part of the Fog, which is
always uppermolt, and appears
white and tranflucent, into brisk
Gales of Wind,

And the Intenfnefs of atmof—
pherieal Cold having attracted
the Vapours into the colder Re-
gions of the Air, where being
condenfed into Clouds, the Wind
breaks, difiipates and driVes them
before it, till they fall down in
Rain, and water the Surface of
the Earth.

And this feems to be the Rea-
fon why they have but little
Wind and left; Rain in Egypt
and thofe level Countries, where
they have no Mountains.

Wind, fays NIr. Derlmm. is a
Current of the Air, and that
which excites or alters its Cur-
rents may jufily be faid to be
the caufe ot‘ [Vb-2dr.

An IEquipoife of the Atmof—
phere produces a Calm; but if
that JEquipoil‘e be taken off
more or leis, a Stream of Air
and Wind, is accordingly thereby
produced , either llronger or
weaker, fwifter or flower. And
there are divers things that may
caulk fuch alterations in the IE—
quipoife or Balance of the At—
mol’phere , 'z'iz. Eruptions of
,Vapours from the Sea and Land,
Rarefac‘tions and Condenfations
in one place more than in ano-
ther, the falling of Rain, preffitre
of the Cloudy, {37.

If is obferved of Career, that
they do always emit li’imlr. more
or lei‘s ; and as great Cater, fo
great Lakes alfo fend forth li’z’xdx;

but the molt univerfal and con—

11am;

WI

{taut Alterations of the Atmof—
phere are produced by Heat and
Cold.

This is manifefi in the gene-
ral'dee ledt, which between
the Tropicl’! blow all the Year
from Eafl to Wefi. ' If the Caufe
of this be (according to the O-
pinions of fome ingenious Men)
the daily Progrefs of the Sun,
round that Part of the Globe,
and by his Heat rarefying one
Part of the Air, While the cool-
er and heavier Air behind prefl‘es
after.

And [‘0 the Sea and Land Bree-
Zes,and ['0 in our Climate,theNor-
find}! and SozttlaerlyWindS (which
are commonly efieemed the
Caufe of Cold and warm Wea-
ther) are really the Efl‘eéts of
the Cold or Warmth of the
Atmofphere.

Of this hit. Derlmm fays, he
has had ['0 many Confirmations,
that he does not doubt of it;
and he produces for an Inflance
of it, that it is not uncommon
to fee a warm Sam/aerly Mud,
on a fudden changed to the
Non/,2, by the Fall of Snow or
Hail; and in a cold frolly Morn—
ing, to fee the Wind [VI/rib, and
to wheel about tOWards the
Swat/Jeri}! Quarters, when the Sun
has well warm’d the Air ; and
then again in the cold Evening
to turn Aer‘lJer/y 0r Eaflcrly.

And from hence all?) it is,
that the If End: and Cloud; are
oftentimes contrary to one ano-
ther in ‘f/Jztmler Showers, (ef-
pecially it" Hail falls) the fultry
Weather below, directing the
”7715! one way, and the cold a~
bove the Glued; another way.

VOL. II.

 

W 1'

He adds, that he has obferved
feveral Times, that when the
Morning has been warm, and
what Wind was flirting was Wefl-
fiutla-wefl, that the Cloud: were
thick and black (as they gene-
rally are when Snow follows )

And that a little before Noon
the Wind vered about to the
Nortla by lVefl, and fometimes
to other Points; the Claude
at the fame Time flying fome
North by life/l, and fome Somb-
wefi ; that about one 3 Clock it
rained apace; the Clouds fome-
times flying North-eafl, then
North, and at lall both ll/z'nd
and Cloud: have fettled Non/a
by ”/efl, and that at that Time
the Sleet fell very plentifully, and
it grew very cold. , -

From all which he obferves,
E'rfl, That tho’ the Region be-
low was warm, the Region of
the Cloud: was cold, as the Mark
fnowy Clouds Ihewed. Serond—
1y, that the Struggle between the
warmth of our Region, and the
cold of the cloudy Region,
fiop’d the airy Currents of both
Regions. T/az'm’ly, That the fal-
ling of the Snow through our
warmer Air, did at firft melt
into Rain, but after the fuperior
cold had conquered the inferior
warmth, it became Slect. Foarz/J—
1y, That as the cold prevailed by
degrees, fo by degrees it wheel-
ed abour, both the ”Md: and
Chad)", from the Plow/award to-
wards the dome.

Progmflivkr of great/yer from
#3: li’brdx.

The li’irzdn Nlr. Palmer fizys,
G a:

31' C
k

\ W I
are the caufes of the moi‘t fud-
den and extraordinary alterations
of the Air.

.The Nature of the Wind: is
fueh, that by the Experience
we have of them, we may very
nearly prediét what Weather we
ihall have for two or three Days
after.

As for Example, we know
that in our Climate, 'a South
Wind generally brings Rain,
and a Welt Wind more, and the
lVe/l Wind is the Predominant
Wind with us, becaufe the Oce—
an lies on the Weft fide of our
Country.

And alfo that a North Wind
brings fair Weather to us as
well as the Eafl Wind, which
does not laii ['0 long as the
North; therefore the North-eofl-
and the South ”72/2 Winds are
thol‘e that it is rieceffary chiefly
to be treated of.

Some curious Obfervers of the
Weather have made this Obfer-
vation for many Years, that there
is as much South and [Vt/t \Vind
in eight Years as there is north
and eo/t Winds; and of confe-
quence as many wet Years as
dry Years.

lVIr. Pointer gives the follow—
ing Rules to know when the
\Vin will let in one of thel'e
two Points, for the moi‘t Part
for two or three Months toge-
ther.

Fit/11, As to the North—erg}
W 1nd; when the Wind turns to
the North-eafl Point, and conti-
nues in it two Days without
Rain, and does neither turn to
the Sat/maturm’ the third Day, nor
rain, then it is likely to continue

 

W I
eight or nine Days without Rain,
and then to return into the
South.

If the Wind turn out of the
South to the North-ea/l again,
and continues two Days in that
Point without Rain, and neither
rains, nor turns to the South the
third Day, it is likely to conti-
nue North-eo/l for two Months,
and for the moi} part for three
Months. The Mad will finiih
thefe Turns towards the North in
three Weeks Time.

Second/y; AS to the 302th—
'wqfl Winds; when the Wind
has been in the North for two
Months or more, and comes
to the South, there are ufu~
ally three or four fair Days at
firft, and then on the fourth or
fifth Day comes Rain, or clfc
the H’imi turns North, and con—
tinues dry flill.

If within a Day or two with-
out Rain, it returns to the South,
and with Rain turn North-word,
and return into the South the flrfi
or fecond Day, as before, two
or three Times together, after
this Manner, then it is like to
be in the South, or South—wry},
two or three Months together,
for the molt part, as it was in
the AT‘i‘t/J before. The Wind Will
tinilh thefe Turns in a Fort-
night.

He does not mention the Eflfl
or [Hf/I ”ii/MI, becaufe, he fays,
the Rains come ufually from
the South, or in the ihifting of
the \Vind from the Soar/o to the
North. As for the Drought, the
W~';2d is for the moit part
IVori/J-eafl.

If

W I

If it prove fair Weather out
of the South for a Week toge—
ther (which is not ufual) it is
like to be a great Drought,
when it has rained for a long
Time out of the South before.

The Wind ufually turns from
the North to the South quietly
without Rain; but comes back
again into the North with a firong
Wind and Rain.

The greateit Winds, which
blow down Houfes and Trees,
ufually come by the turning of
the Wind out of the South by
the Wefl, into the North, which
drives away Rain and clears the
Air.

Sign; of the changittg of the
”Gad.

Mr. Poitzter fays, in what
Point foever the Wind is, when
the Sun rifes with many pale
Spots appearing in its Orb, and
part of it hid in a Cloud, it will
foon turn to the South.

That when the thd has been
fettled for twenty four Hours
or more, in any of the full
Points, as North, Eafl, lVe/l or
South, when it begins to turn it
will fettle till it comes to the op-
pofite Point, as from the North
to the South, and f0 from full
Eafl to full ll’q/t‘, and lb of the
angular Points, as from the North-
eafl to the South—wefl.

Upon Whati'oever Quarter the
\Vind is, when the Moon chan—
ges, it prefently changes upon
the new NIoon.

When the generality of the
Clouds tack With the Wmd (tho’
there ihould be many in little
Fleeces, or long Stakes, lying

WI

higher, and appearing not to
move) the Wind is flagging and
will foon change and lhift its
Point.-

Common Ohferwtiom am! Sign:
OfH/ifid and Storm: arzfing.

If pale Spots feem to appear
in the Orb of the Sun, at his
fitting, and do dazzle there,
flrong Mud: from the Soath will
enfue, the Wind foon fhifting
into that Point, in What Quar-
ter foever it was before.

If there appear upon the Sun
when he is jetting, fiery Spots,
or of a reddiih Colour, much
Wind will eafily enfue; and a
red lowering Morning is fre-
quently a Fore-runner of Wind.

If the Moon, when at the Full
has a reddijh Circle about her,
it prefages much Wind.

When Meteor: (or as they
are commonly called Stem)
{hoot and fpread a long Train
of Light, they are Fore-runners
of Winds that will foon fol-
low. -
The Lord Bacon fays, the fol-
lowing are Prognofiicks of high
Winds or Tempefls ariiing.

When the Sea refounds upon
the-Shore ; when the ”Wed: mur-
mur in the Woods, without any
apparent Wind, they portend that
Wind will follow; for fueh
Winds breathing chiefly out of
the Earth, are not firfl perceived
except they be pent by Water,
or Wood; and therefore a Mur-
mur out of the Caves likewii'e
portends as much.

“Then the Brightnefs of the

 

finallcr Stars is on a fudden
G g 2 ob-

WI

obfcur’d it is a fign of \aTempeft
' arifing: For the upper Regions of
the Air perceive the Collection of
theMatter of Tempe/fr and ”7132411,
before the Air here below; there-

fore the obfcuring of the fmal- {

ler Stars is a fign of Tempefts
following.

He fays, the Air and Fire
have fubtil Perceptions of the
tiling of the lea’, before Men
find it.

We may perceive the tremb-
ling ofa Candle will difcover :1
Wind, that otherwife we do
not feel ; and the flexious burn-
ing of Flames fhews the Air
is beginning to be unquiet ; and
in like Manner do Goals of Fire
by cafiing off the Aihes more
than ufual. The Reafon is, be-
caufe no \Vind is at firlt appa-
‘ rent to the Senfe, till it has agi-
tated the Air.

And for the Allies, it is not
to be admired at, if the Wind
unpereeived, lhake them off, for
itis a common Thing to try
which way the Wind blows, by
throwing up Grafs, or Chat}, or
fuch like Things into the Air.

Sign: of the ”/72;sz emf/avg.

If a hafiy Shower of Rain
falls,.when the Wind has raged
for fome Hours, it foon abates
it

If \Vater ruckles much, and
frequent Bubbles rife, the Storm
is but of fhort Continuance.

If Sparro‘wr chirp merrily, and
Moles come out of their Holes,
‘ it is a fign of a Storm ceafing.

If the Bird called King’s E‘j/D‘cr,
or; Halcyon, attempts the Seas

 

W'I
when the Wind blows hard, it
is a fign of its abating.

Prognoflick: of a bard Whiter“

The Lord Baron gives thefe
as Signs, or Fore-runners of a
hard Winter.

If Stone or Wainfcot, that have
been ufed to fwear ( as it iscal-
led' ) be more dry in the Begin-
ning of H’im‘er; or the Drops
of Eaves of Houfes come down
more flowly,than they ufe to do,
it portends a hard and frofiy
Winter. The Reafon is, that
it fhews an Inclination in the
Air to dry Weather, which in
the W'inter Time is always join-
ed with Frofl.

Generally a moifl and cool Sum-
mer betokens a hard Winter
likely to enfue. The Reafon is,
that the Vapours of the Earth
not being difiipated by the Sun '
in the Summer, do rebound up-
on the XVinter.

A 170; and dry Summer, efpe-
cially if the Heat and Drought
extend far into September, be-
tokens an open Beginning of
\Vintcr, and Cold to fucceed
toward the latter Part ' of the
\Vintcr, and in the Beginning of
the Spring; for till that Time
the former Heat and Drought,
bear the Sway, and the Vapour:
are not fuflieiently multiplied.

All 0pm and warm ”Water
portcnds a [not and dry Summer;
for the Iflzpom‘; dilperfe . into the
Winter Showers; Whereas Cold
and Haj} keep them in, and
tranfport them into the late
Spring and Summer following.

The Country People have

made

W I”

made this Obfervation, that thofe.
Years in which there are (lore
of Haws and Heps, do com«
monly portend cold Winters.
The natural caufe of this may
be the want of Heat, and abun-
dance of Moiflure in the Sum-
mer preceeding, which puts forth
thol‘e Fruits, and mutt of ne-
ceflity leave a great Quantity
of cold Vapourr, undiflipated,
which caufes the Cold of the
following Winter.

When Bird: lay up Haw: and
Sloer, and other Stores in old
Neils and hollow Trees, it is a
lign of a hard Winter approaching.

If Fowl: or Birdr, Which ufed
at certain 'Seafons to change
Countries, come earlier than the
ufual Time, they thew the Tem-
perature of the Weather, accord-
ing to that Country from whence
they came; as the lez‘er Birdr,
Eldcfzzrcr, Sniper, Woodcock",
Ste.

If they come earlier, and out
of the Northern Countries, they
intimate cold Winters likely to
enfue with us. And it' it be in
the fame Country, they flew :1
Temperature of Seafon, like un—
to that Seafon in which they
come, as Battr, Czarl‘ocr, Nig/Jt-
ingaler, Swallows, which come
toxvards Summer ; if they come
early it is a fign a hot Summer
will follow.

Cold. Dew: and Morning
Rifizcr, about St. Bart/"ofwmw-
tide, and Hoar—Prof}: in the
Iviorning about .17ic/J.zclmcfj-riclc,
foretell a hard \Vinter. '

When Sea—12y: flock from falt
to {re-{h \Vater, it fignifies afud-
den alteration of \Veather to
much Cold.

W I
17. WINTER CHERRIES.

A R E encreafed from their
Roots by Sprayer: and Ruiz-

ners. ,

18. We wbz'te WINTER FLoW-
ER, WINTER GILLIFLOWER,
or SNOW DROP.

HIS Plant is called in La-

ri” Narcflo-Leucoiam, be;-

caufe it takes after the Narczflm,

1n refpeét of its Bulb, and after

the Gilliflower, in refpeét of its
Flower.

Defcription.] It is thus de-
fcrib’d by Monf. Lz'ger; from
its Bulb it flroots out long
Leaves of a ihining Green and
pointed: From the Middle of

the Leaves growsa Stalk," about

half 3. Foot high, leafy, and
bearing a Sort of ware Seed
half Way down. And at the,
End of the Stalk grows a
w/az'ze Flower, of a very fweet
Scent, compos’d of fix Leaves,
fometimes alike, and fometimes
unlike, in the Shape of a hang-
ing Bell. The Cup of this
Flower grows to be a roundifh
Fruit, divided into three Seed
Vefibls filled with roundifh
Seeds. ‘

War of Propagation] This
Plant'is inerealed only by its
Bulbs, and being reckoned a Sort
of Mzrcifm is ordered as they
which fee.

nun -
“LL ,

19. VVITIl‘I 422d VVerow.

50:17.]T

H E U/itlw will grew

 

on the drief‘t Land,
" . 2. v
(1 g 3 {1.0

W-I
tho’ it delights in a moifl Soil,
and the Milo-w: on Banks near
Rivers and wet Ditches, where
they can reach the Moifture with
any of their Roots.

Mr. Cook fays, the th/ay does
bell in Ground that is not very
moil’t, but yet the Moiflure mul‘t
not be far from it, as on the
weeping Side of an Hill where
fome Spring breaks out ; or on
Banks by the Sides of Rivers and
Ditches, or on Banks in mooriih
Grounds.

The [1’1]!on alfo delights to
grow on fuch like Ground;
both thefe Plants are fet in fuch
Places as the ”falter-Poplar is,
and of fuch Sets as that is : See
Poplar.

”fay of Propagation] They
may be rait‘ed of Cutting: {luck
in the Ground, or large Trun-
(beam of eight or ten Foot long,
when their Buds put out firfl.
You may rub off all the under
Buds, and leave onlya few near
the Top to draw up the Sap.

You may alfo raife them of
Layers, or of Seedr, but they
feldom ripen in England, and
the other way being very esfy,
it will be but a needlefs Trou-
ble.

The bell time to tranfplant,
and lop them is in February,’

jul‘t before they begin to rife,
efpecially if they be raifed by
Cutting; 0r Trwzrlvcom. Thofe
Cutting; are accounted the belt
' that grow nearcft the Roots.
Mr. Con/E fays, there is one
Sort called the Smelling l}?!—
low, which has a great Shoot,
bears fine, broad, fliining, green
Leaves, and will grow on moll
Grounds that are not too dry.

 

W O
This is a Mifiake, and I (up-
pofe is taken from :1 Plant cal-
led the French-M11010 ; for the
other Willow bears no Flower
but only a Catkin.

It bears a fweet,beautiful Flow-
er, and deferves to be fer in
Orchards, if Rivers run by them,
but if there are not, yet if the
Ground be moifi and pretty good,
it will thrive well enough.

. It is eafily encreafed of Cu:-
tmgr. If the Ground have a dry
Bottom, they fhould be fet on
the N'arté fide ofa Wall : The
Bees delight much in this
Plant.

. It may alfo be encreafed by
Laying, for if it be but covered
with Earth it will take Root.

:0. WOODBIND. See HONEY-
SUCKLE.

:1. WOLF’s-BANE.

S an early Flower: Is en-

creas’d by Parting of the

Roots; and may be remov’d at
any Time.

2.2. WORMS.

0 R .M S, Monf. Cami]

fuys, are very pernicious
to Trees; fo that they oftentimes
die. by fome lVorm ingender’d
either in the Root or Stem, which
intercepts the Sap. But yet
fuch a Tree may flill be pre-
i‘erv’d, it‘ you can but difcover
whereabouts the ”form lies. If
:1 Tree continues pining, Day
after Day, you may conclude

there are fome [Vorim either a-
: _ bout

W O

bout the Roper, or between the
Wood and the'Bark. And he has
found fome almofl as large as
his little Finger, which would
certainly have kill’d the Tree, if
he had not gotten them out; but
after they had been gotten out,
the Tree returned to its firfi Vi-
gour, and flouriihed as well as
if it had never been incommo-
ded.

Air. Carpenter fays, That ha~
ving obferved feveral new-plant-
ed Trees to die away, after they
had made fine and hopeful
Shoots ; fearching into the Caufe,
" and opening the Ground, they
found at the Roots of the Trees
many of the great Earth Cater—
pillars, with large Teeth, in
Shape like thofe of a Shark;
which Caterpillars had gnaw’d
ofl“ the Bark quite round the
Roots of many of the Plants;
and this irrecoverably deltroy’d
them.

There are :1 Sort of IVormr,
call’d Cogk-c/mferj, which is VC-
ry pernicious to Trees; and
Ground freih broken up is molt
fubjeét to them. They remain
in the Earth two or three Years,
’till they come to have Wings,
and then they couple and hatch
their young, which are w/Jite;
and creeping into the Ground,
{lay there as long as the old ones
did. This Sort of ”/ormr flick-

W O ,

to Trees, and kills the Grafts
of Peaches when they begin to
lhoot, efpecially Standard Pear/J-
Treer. The Way to fecure the
Grafts from them, is to put them
into little Paper-Bags, and rye
them about with Thread.

As for deflroying Mrm: in
Walks, fee Walk.

23. Woamwoon.

We of Pro a ation.

H I S Plantf filr. BJradley

fays, may be rais’d either.
by Seed: or Slipr, planted in
Marc/7; and will grow in any
Soil : And if it be eaten by Hogs
when the Seed: are ripe, they
( pafling thro’ their Bodies ) ger-
minate and come up quickly,
and ('0 Will be apt to over-run
the Ground.

The Seed is thus defcrib’d by
Monf. Quintiney : It is of a pret-
ty odd Figure, being a little bent
inward in its fmallefl Part, and
a little open on the other End,
which is bigger and rounder,
and upon which there is a little
Hack Spot : Its Colour is yellow—
if] at the bigger End, and its
{harper End inclines to Her/é.

The Seed is gather’d about
flugafl; but is feldom us’d, be-
caufe it is difficult to fan, being
very light: And therefore, in

ing to the Roots of youngorder to prOpagatc Hamil/00.1,

Trees, bark and kill them, as
well as Plants and Herbs. The
Way to kill them, is to dig them
out.

There is alfo a little black
Animal, call’d a Vine —fretter,
that does a great deal of Mifchief

'the Cuttings are ul'ed.
It is planted on Borders or
iEdges in a Line, at two or three
ilnches Difiance, and five or fix
ideep in the Ground.

It is good to flip them every
iSPring; to renew them every

G g 4. two

 

‘ Y E
two Years, and to take away
their oldel’t and decayed Stocks.

Y E
I. YEW-TREE.

Way of Propagationj

R. Mortimer fays, Tc-w-
‘ Trees are eaiily pro—
duc’d of Seedr, which

muft firft be wafh’d and cleans’d
of their Mucilage, and then be
buried in Sand, made a little
moift any Time in December,
and to be kept in fome Veflels in
the Houfe, all the Winter; and
in fome fliady, cool Place a-
broad, in the Summer: And then
are to be fown on aBed, (the
Ground of which is not too
Riff) the Spring come Twelve-
Months after they have been
thus laid in Sand. That it is
commonly the feeond lf’iiztcr
before they appear above Ground,
and then they rife with their
Caps on their Heads : And may
be tranfplanted at three Years
old.

l‘xlr. Bradley fays, That after
the Barrier of the T61?) have been
cleanfed from their Pulp, and
well dry’d, they-may be laid in
Sand, as direéled; or to haflen
their Germination, they may be
laid in Bran and Water for a
few Days before they are fown,
as follows : Mix your Seed! in
a Buihel of Bran, put them into
a Tub, and Wet it all very well

 

 

YE

with Rain or Pond-water, and
let them {land without being
difiurb’d, for ten Days. About
three Days after this Mixture has
been prepar’d, it will begin to
heat, and ['0 continue to ferment
for thirty or forty Days, if (as
it begins to dry) it be from
Time to Time carefully fprin-
kled with Portdéwater. The
Heat of this wet Bran will pre-
pare the Berricr mix’d with it;
and in about a Week’s Time af-
ter the F erment has began, Will
put them into a vegetable Pof-
ture. By this Means, you may
gain at leaii a Year in their
Growth.

In Cultivating the Yew-Tree,
Monf. Liger direé‘ts, as follows :
He approves of Watering the
Seeds before they are fown ; di-
reéls to fow them in the loofeit
Ground you can (and if the
Earth be not very good, to
fpread good Bed -mould over
them an Inch thick) in Marc/y;
to cover them with a Rake, and
water them well; and when
they appear abOVC Ground, to
water them well from Time to
Time, during the hot Weather 5
and in two Years Time they will
be fit to be tranlplanted.

This being the firfi Nurfery,
he dircels, in Zi-Lzrc/J, to make a
larger Bed, to dig it well to
loofen the Earth; and having
rak’d it even, to plant the Tate:
at m 0 Foot Difmnce one from
another _; and having eover’d the
Roots, to vater them. And as
they grow up, to dig them four
Times a Year: The full Dig-
ging ought to be in Marc/J, to
difpefe the Plants to a€t, and t0 -

liioot

Y'E .
fhoot their Roots the deeper;
the fecond in May, to facilitate
the Aétion of the nouriihing Sap.
in them; the third in yaly, to
quicken in them a Motion that
is flackened by the exhaufling of
the Sap ; and the fourth in Sep-
tember, to help the Salts in the
Earth, (the Heat being incorpora—
ted With them) to penetrate the
Plants the more readily, when
the Weather is good, and will
permit it. '

The Plants, he fays, mutt re-
main in the Nurfery four or five
Years; and then may be tranf—
planted, where you would have
them, either in Alleys of large
Gardens, Borders of Parterres,
69%. When they are tranfplant-
ed, it {hould be with as much of
the Earth about their Roots as
poffible, becaufe otherwife they
will be a long Time in taking
Root again.

Mr. Mortiiner fays, they may
likewife be tais’d of Layer; or
Sign: ; and f0 planted out for
Standards, Walks and Hedges,
being clipp’d into What Form or
Order you pleafe.

Ivlr. Brad/cf; fay-’5, The Taw-
Tree is a very'llovv Grower, and
therefore produces tough and
hard Timber. He fays, in fome
Parts of Surrey, there are Groves
ofit, of very large Trees, which
feem to be the Product of Na—
[3-32, rather than Art: That it
delights in light Soil, and fuch
as is commonly {iil’d barren '

7
H,‘ 1‘ ~. A ~ . L‘ w
Err-3. that they are more rtaeil.

prodne’d by the coldelt Moun-
tains, than the richeft Soils, and
the more gentle Expofhres ; and

therefore, in the Cultivation of

 

YE

them, rich Manutes are to be
avoided. ‘ '

He adds, That the Leaves of
Te-w-Trees are [‘0 fmall, that
they may be brought into any
Form you defire; as Infiances
of which, he mentions the fa-
mous Plants now growing in
the Plaflz'ck- Garden at Oxfbrd,
and that in the Church-yard at ,
Hil/ingdon, near Uxbridge. And
that he himfelf has feen great
Varieties of Figures well re.-
prefented in Plants of this Sort,
as Beafis, Birds, Men, Ships,
and the like : But the molt com-
mon Shapes given it by Garden-
ers, are either thofe of a Cone,
or Pyramid.

That they are of great Ufe
for Hedges, and make very
agreeable Divifions in Gardens ;
and that it is ufual to fence in
Quarters of Wildernel‘S-Worlts
with them.

That there is no Difficulty in
Propagating them, “and little Ha-
zard in the .Removing them ;,
efpecially if the Roots of them
have been prun’d from Time to
Time, by digging about them
While they [land in the Nut-
fery. .

The Time he direéts for
Tranfplanting them, is either
in SeptemZ/er, or in the Spitz-72g,
as foon as the Weather is open.

Mr. Coo/z direéts, to rub the

=flefhy Subf‘tance of? the Berries,

to ,dry them, and put them in
Sand, a little inoilt, in a Pot or
Tub, any Time before Cerf/Z-
mafr; to keep them in the
.Ioufe all the ”72.725527, and under
Come A’ort‘lrleail abroad all the
Semitic? ; 4' come

. l ' ‘,
and the LEO/1.2.9
1v, ': .
i e.» e-

Y U
Twelve-months after they have
been thus put into Sand, to fow
them on a Bed, the Ground of
which is not too (lid; to keep
them clean Weeded, and to prick
them out of that Bed into a N ur—
fery; to let them fland there two
or three Years ; and then to
bring them to what’Shape you
would have them.

2. YUCCA, or JUCCA INDICA.

HIS is an American Plant, but

yet is pretty hardy. I have fome
Plants which have flood abroad
feveral Years, and thrive equally
as well as thofe kept in the
Green—Houfe. There are two
or three Varieties of this Plant,
differing in the Breadthzof the
’ Leaves, manner of Flowering,
and difference of Growth : The
mod common is the broad Lea~
ved, Which is defcribed thus by
Mr. Rea.

The Indianjmm hath a great,
thick, tuberous Root, with large
Fibres,from whence fpringeth up
a great round Tuft of hard long
hollow green Leaves, with Points
as (harp as Thorns, which al-
ways remain, and never fall a—
way; except it be fome ot‘thofe
that fland outward, which are
recompenced by Others that fpring
from the middle. From whence,
fornetimes 'in an old "and well

Y U

grOWn Plant, fprings up a flrong
round Stalk, divided into feveral
Branches, which bear divers
Flowers, fomething refembling
thofe of the common Fritti/iaria,
but narrow at the Bottom, con-
tiining fix Leaves, the three outer
veined on the Back from the
Bottom to the middle, with a
reddi/la Blufh upon white. Thefe
Flowers come forth in Azzgtg/f
and Septeraéer, and Hand about
a Fortnight, and then fall away
Without producing any Seeds in
our Country.

There is another With a broad
Leaf'that grows up ten or twelve
Feet high, the under Leaves flill
decaying, leaves a thick fcaly
Stalk, till within two Foot of
the Top, Where the Leaves re-
main green as the former. This
differs from the common in their
Flowers, which are more in
Number and clofer joined on the
Stalks, and are of a redder C0-
lour : The narrow leaved grows
pretty high in the fame Manner
as the former.

Cit/fllr€.] Thefe Plants are in-
ereas’d by Suckers taken from
the Roots in any of the. Summer
Months, and planted in a Soil
inclining toa Sand, and not over-
watcred, defending them in the
Winter from the great Frofls
and Rains while young, after-.
wards they are hardy enough.

 

SUPPLEMENT

To the freceedi? Letters, containing fame
T ing: omitted.

I. P L A N r I N G. in planting, and the other I left
all the Head on, and cut almolt
N planting ofTrees itis com- all the Roots off. The two
mon to fee molt People cut Trees I planted Within ten Foot
the Heads off, which is quite of each other, in the fame Situ-
:1 Wrong Praétice ; for they ima— ation and Soil, gave them equal
gine the Head to weaken the Management, and the Tree thatI
Roots, for it is very certain, left the Head.on is now bymuch
that the Juices contained in the themofi vigorous Tree ;the other
Branches of the Tree, return hardly alive. Some Experiments
and force out the young Roots very much to this Purpofe were
before the Tree can receive any made by IVIr. 7790mm Fairtbild,
Nouriihment from the Ground. Gardener at Hoxton, and fhew~
For how is it poffible for a Tree ed this Year to the Royal So:
to receive its Nourithment from ciety, Which Experiments are
the Grounds before there are any mentioned in his own Words,
new Roots formed? The old F i- as he gave them to me, in the
‘ bres almofi every Body allows to fifth Page from this.
be unfetviceable, and therefore For want of a right Know--
cuts them otf at tranl'plantingi ledge of this it is, that many a
any Tree ; but in order to prove I brave Plantation of Elmr, and
the Head neceffary to thegother Timber Trees has mi!“-
Growth of the Tree. I took carried, to the great Dii‘appoint—
two Almond trees, Standards,;ment of the Gentleman who
Fcémary, 172;, and cut theihas been at great Charge in the
Head of one, as is commoniremming them, if they were his
i own,

 

,| _1«

P L‘
own, or very expeufive if he
purchafed them. And in the Wa-
tering of fuch new planted Trees,
there is apt to be extreams, either

ofgiving to» much, or ell!“ “W" _,
at all. it can’t :‘eafonuoly be expeet- .

ed, that a new planted Tree {hould
be able to puih out young Roots,
without being fupply’d with a
due Proportion of Moiflure, to
make the Earth of a firTemper
to receive thofe young Shows,
and emiffuch Particles of Nou-
riihment into the Vefl‘els, as is
neeeflary to the Grthh of the
Tree : And on the other Hand,
I have often feen Trees that have
had too much XVater given them
after planting, that has rocted all
the young Fibres, as fafl as they
have been pulh’d out, and f0,
many Times hath killed the Tree;
but I would rather advife a mo-
derate watering to the Root, and
now and then in an Evening to
water the Head, and with a Br’uih
to waih and fupple the Bark all
round the Trunk, which I have
often found very i‘erviceable ;
and, if Perfons would give
themfelves Time to confider of
the firuéture of Plants, and how
the different Veffels in Plants
perform their feveral Offices in
Plants, as they do in animal Bo-
dies, and from thence draw Con-
clufions for their Management in
planting ;
there would not bel‘o manyedead
Sticas to be 'een in the feveral
Plantations about Lé‘?24’;10;2, as
there now is.

I perfwade my felt

R 'A
2. RAIN.

MR. Dark/am fays, Clouds and
a .
' .‘ll 1'2"

, influx-rid; ot“.7:‘.pours,
Nu i;~ m‘ “#1151541 it Air
only, and that; V 'e de-

monilratively no other than finall
Bubbles, or Vcflmlx, detach’d
from the Waters, by the Power
of the Solar or Subterraneous
Heat or both. And they being
more light than the Atmofphere,
are buoyed up by it, till they be-
come of an equal Weight with
it in fame of its Regions aloft in
the Air, or nearer the Earth ; in
which thoi‘e Vapours are formed
into Cloudr, Rain, Snow, Hail,
Dewr, Mi 5, &C.

The grand Agent in forming
them is cold, which does com-
monly, if not always, occupy
the fupcriot Regions of the Air ;
as is nianil‘eli from thofe Moun—
tains which exalt their lofty Tops
into the upper and middle Regi-
ons, and are always covered
with Snow.

It“ this cold approaches near
to the Earth, it prefently preci—
pitates the Vaponrs, either in
Date, or if the Vapours afcend
more copiouily, and meet the
Cold lbon, they are condenfed
into mi/Iiag, or elfe into Showers
ot‘fma/l Rain, which falls in nu~
merous, thick, final] Drops.

But it‘ more Vapours are not
only copious, but alfo as heavy
as our lower Air itfelt‘ (by means
or‘ their Bladders being thick and
fuller of Wm) then they be-
come ‘tilible, {him but a littie
height above the Earth, and form

 

“.
this

R. 'A
that which is called a Mifi or

0 s .

iiiut if they are a Degree light-
ter, to that they mount higher;
but not to any great Height, and
do not meet with cold enough
to condenfe them, nor Wind to
diflipare them ; then they form
‘an heavy, thick, dark Sky, lafl-
- ing for feveral Weeks, without
either Sun or Rain.

He adds, that we have often-
times more Rain about the Equi-
zoxetr, than at other Seafons, the
Re-rlbn of which is plain; be—
came the Vapours arife in great
plenty in the Spring, when the
Waters are loos’d from their
brumal Confiipations : And inAu»
tumn they do the like, when the
Heats of the Summer, which both
difiipated them, and warmed the
fuperiour Regions, are abated;
and then the Cold of the fu-
perior Regions, meeting them,
condenfes them into 57.7071)ch of
fight, in greater plenty than at
other Times, when either the
Vapours are fewer, or the cold
that is to condenfe them is lefs.

2. 823%: of Rain from the Rain-

aw.

F the Rain-bow appears very
big, it denotes much wet; but
if very red, \Vind withal. If a
Rain-[20w appears after a long
Drought, it lignifies Rain; but
if it appears alter a long Time
.of wet, it betokens fair Weather.
If a Rain—baa} appears in the
Morning,it betokens finall Rain,
and fair Weather prefently after.
If a Rain-[70w vanilhes altoge-
ther, fair Weather will follow,

 

R A“
Winds Will arife, and bring
great Showers from the Part that
the Rain-bow firfl begins to break
or vanifh, ,

If the Rain-120w be broken in
many Parts, tempefiuous Winds
are gathering in the Air.

If after a Rain-bow appears, the
Colours grow darker,and darker,
Rain is gathering ; if lighter, and
the Colours fairer, fair Weather.

Mr. Ozzmam fays, a Rain-bow
in the Eafl, efpeeially, if it be of
abright lively Colour, is a fign
of great Rain.‘ A Rain-bow in
the Eafl in an Evening, prefa-
ges fair Weather ; but if the co—
lour is lively and red, it prefages
Wind. .

A Rain-bow in the [Va/l, fore-
tells an indifferenr Quantity of
Rain and Thunder.

If two Ram-120w: appear toge-
gether, it foretells fair Weather
for the prefent; but Rain two or
three Days after. -

Progmflimtiom of the ”Qatlver
from Mrsrs.

IF Miflr arife out of Ponds and

Rivers, to the Tops of Hills,
it betokens that there will be
Rain foon, either the fame Day,
or commonly Within two or three
Days ; but if When they aril‘e out
of fueh places, they vanilh away,
it is Sign of fair Weather.

If there be a general Ali/Z, both
on the Hills and Vales, before
the Sun~riiing, near the Full-
Moon, it denotes fair Weather.

NILOzzzaztc'M fays, if you ob-
ferve a white Vapour ariling up-
on Waters or Marl‘nes, or Ale-ads
after Sun fit, or before Sun ri-

, ting

'S 'A
ting, the next Day it will be fair
warm Weather.

Sign: of Rain reafing.

. When a Shower comes fud-

denly, it is likely to be fair weather
again in half an Hour or an Hour.
The Reafon is, that no Rain con-
tinues long that comes fuddenly.

If it begins to Rain an Hour
or two before Day, it is likely
to be fair Weather before Noon,
and to continue (‘0 all the refi of
the Day ; but if the Rain begins
an Hour or two before the tiling
of the Sun, it is likely to min
mofi part of the Day after, except
the Rain—bow appears before it
Rains.

When the Air grows thicker
and thicker by Degrees, and the
Sun ihines duller and duller, till
it leaves of fhining, or the Moon
or Stars by Night, then it ufually
rains fix Hours. '

When it begins to rain from
the Somb with a high Wind for
two or three Hours, and then the
Wind falls, and it [till continues
to rain, it is very likely to min
i for twelve Hours or more, and
commonly continues raining till
a {trong Wind tiles to clear the
Air. Long Raim feldom hold
above twenty four Hours, or fel-
dom happen above once a Year.

4.. S A P.

R. Blair in his Batmick Ef-
litys, fays it may be admired,
how prying and inquilitive Per—
fons {hould {till be ignorant of
the Circulation of the Sap, or nu-
"tritive Juice of Plants; if the

 

S A

World had not remained igno-
rant for many Ages of a Cir-
culation of the Blood in Ani~
mals, before the famous Dr. Har-
'vy difeovered it. The great oblla-
cle he fuppofes for finding out
the fame in Plants too might
be the want of a due Confiderae
tion of this Analogy, the incon-
veniency of diffeéting the fucci—
ferous Vefl'els in Plants, and the
Sap being ofthe fame Colour with
the Vellels, unlefs it happen in
[‘ome Plants to be milky and
white.

The celebrated Malngbz' and
Dr. Grew made accurate Inqui~
rics into the Struéture of Plants,
but yet were ignorant of the [Ho-
tion of the Sap, although their
Difcoveries of the different Vef-
fels were a great inlet to the
Knowledge thereof. Their Dif-
coveries ot‘ the valt Variety of dif—
ferent VellEIs in Plants are 1‘0
analogous to the Difeoveties of
thol‘e in animal Bodies, that it is
very reafonable to fuppofe, they
are delign’d to perform the fame
Offices; Nature is uniform in
all her \Vorks, and it is our want
of Underllanding in the Works
of Nature that leads us into Mil"-
takes, concerning her different
Operations ; and as Plants are
govern’d by the lame, greatLaw,
which governs all other Bodies,
and app’ears l‘o harmonious in the
l'everal parts of the Creation.
We need no longer doubt but
the Motion of the Sap in Plants
is éanalogous to the Motion of all
Matter, which being fet in Mo—
tion, Inuit move circularly, for
rectilinear Motion Inuit termie
nate in relt, and f0 mull all the

fuecedav

SA

~fuccedaneous Particles; and cer-
tain it is, where ever there is a refl
of theJuices, there is a Stagnation,
from whence eonfequently iffues
Death: So that I cannot agree
with thofe that argue for the Juice
thickening and lying at refl in the
Winter as in Summer, but in
thofe Trees which lofe‘ their
Leaves in Winter, there is cer-
tainly the fame Motion as in
thofe that retain their Leaves,
which is plain from the Curious
Experiments made by Mr. Tho-
ma: Fairehild Gardiner at Hoxton,
and ihowed before the Royal So-
ciety in April 1724. The full
Account thereof he was pleafed
to communicate to me, which
you have as they were delivered
unto the faid Society.

{in account of fome new Experi-

mentr, to prove that continued

Circulation of the Sap in Plant:
and Treer, made by Thomas
Fairchild Gardener at Hoxton,
and read before the Royal Soci-
ety, when the Experiment:
were fhewed.

I Had the Honour fome Years
ago to {hew fomc Experiments
before this Honourable Body, and
they were pleafed to allow the
Experiments to be new and ufe-
ful, which encouraged me to try
further, and to bring more Experi-
ments 1n orcer to confirm the
Circnlation of 55'), which I find
by Experience Wi;l be I?) ufeful,
that I can malte barren Trees
fruitful, and decaying Trees
healthful, and render the Syftem
of Gardening and Planting more
beneficial to the Publick.

l

 

S A

The firft Plant I fliewed was
the Laureola, grafted upon the
Mezereon, and the Ever-green-
Oah of Virginia, upon the Com-
mon Engli/h Oak, both which hold
their Leaves all; the Winter, and
are in good State and F lourifhing,
though grafted on Plants that drop
their Leaves in Winter, which
plainly proves that the Juices Cir-
culate in Winter, in thofe Plants
that drop their Leaves, other-
wife theEver-greens that are graft.
ed on them would foon perifha

I believe by grafting. the Varie—
ty offorezgn Oak: upon the Eng-
li , we might make the Tim-‘
her more firm and lafling then it
is in its own Nature, railed from
foreign Acorm.

For as the Crab-flock maketh
the Wood of the Apple more
firm and lafiing than thofe on Ap-
ple-flock: : So Peaches and fil-
mona’: budded on Plumbr, are
more lafiing then thofe on Peach-
floekr. So by the contrary 'Rule
all firm Timber grafted on Span--
gy Stocks, would be made worfe ,
than they would be of their Bot-
tom.

For Example, if that which is
called the Engli/h Elm {hould be
grafted upon that Which is called
the Dutch, it would partake of
abundance of the fpungy Juices
of the Stock, whereby the Wood
would become unfit for the Pur-
pofes it is now ufed for. 9

The full Experiment I have”
offer to your Obfervations at _ ~
fent is the new England C .1;
or rather ynriiper grafted on" the
Virginia, and what prover‘h the
Circulation in it, is the Bfimfil
which is grafted is left feveml in-

ches

S 'A‘
ehes below the grafting, which

continues growing as well as the
upper ‘_ part above the Graft-

m . ‘
" gI‘he fecond Plant is the Vi-
bamam, with the Top planted in
the Ground, which is become
Roots, and the Roots turned up
which are become Branches ; but
whether the fame Vefi‘els which
fed the Branches, have changed
their Courfe, or whether the
Juices go up and down in the
fame Veffels, I fhall leave to your
better Judgment, but Ifind the
Plant to be in as good State of
Growing, as it was in its natural
State. '
The third Experiment is made
on a Pear Tree, inarched upon
two pear Stocks inMarcb 172%.
having the Roots out of the
Ground, and is in a good Flou-
rilhing State with a Branch in blol-
fom, that receiveth no other Nou-
rilhment, but by the Juices that
return down the other two
Branches ; and though it was
done above two Years ago it is
{hooting Suckers out of the Root,
which proveth that the Branches
are as ufeful to fupport the Roots
as the Roots the Branches: No
Wonder (‘0 many Trees mifcar-
ry-in planting, when there are no
Branches left to the Head to main—
tain Circulation to the Roots.
The fourth Experiment is made
On the Cedar of Lil/11mm, gr aftcd

tithe Larix, which drops its
ves in the Winter; yet main—
tai‘s the Cedar in a flourilhing
. Condition, as if it had been on a

Tree that holds its Leaves all the
VVinter, and the Circulation of

3mm fupports the Graft below woody Stems

S A‘
the grafting, and keeps it in as
good Health as above the graft—
mg.

I have feveral more Examples,
and Hall continually go on by
way of Experiments; but hope
thefe will be fuflicient to prove
the Circulation of the Sap, and
will be very ufeful to the Pub-
lick.

Which is the hearty Wilhes
and fincere Defire of your

mofl bamb/e Servant,
THOMAS FAIRCHILD.

Hoxton April
ad, 1 7 a4.

5.. SENSIBLE or SENSITIVE
PLANTS.

H IS Plant is f0 called, be—

caufe as foon as you touch
it, the Leaf fhrinks up together,
and in a finall Time opens itfelf
again ; of thefe there are feveral
Sorts differing in broadnefs of
Leaf, and form having Spines a-
bout the Stallts, and fome with-
out, and fomc much quicker in
their IVIotion than others; fome
falling down upon the touch,
Which are commonly called hum-
ble Plants: Thefe are all very
tender and mull be rzlilcd in a
hot Bed, and not expofed to the
open Air at any time of the Year.
The lalt Year by fetting thefe
Plants in a (ilat's-ltove, plunging
the Pots in Tanners Bark, I
had one Sort grew upwards of

 

eight Foot in Height, with llrong
and flowered
and

S P
and feeded; and although they
us’d tobe called Annuals, We
find in the new invented Stoves
they -Will {land all the Winter,
and will propagate by cuttings.

6. Sign: of Snow.

W'H E N Clouds, like wool-
ly Fleeces, appear high and
move heavily, their middle be-
ing a darkilh pale, and the Ed-
ges -wlyite, they carry Snow in
them, that in Winter frozen
in Sheets by cold Eafl, North-
elf/l, or North-we]! Winds, pref-
ing hard on the Atmofphere, (no
longer able to beat them up)
{hiver in the Fall, and break in—
to Flakes.

If the Clouds are preffed near-'
er the Earth, the Vapours, that
are f0 frozen are groffer, and
the Flakes larger; but more re—
mote, thinner, and ['0 fall in
little Flakes.

When the Szm looks pale at
his rifing, when Catt/e low
much in the Fields, when Ra-
'vem croak, and Bird: flag their
Wings, they are all Signs of
Snow.

7. SPIDERS.

D O C T E R Li/Ier gives an

Account of the Spider: eall’d
Lupi, which dart their Threads
into the Air, and [‘Wimin it. All
Spiders that fpin in aThread, he
fays, are the makers of thofe
long Threads in the Air in Sum;
m'er, and efpecially towards Sap
tember, which are ['0 much ad-
mired at, and in fuch great Num-
bers every where. »

V0 L. H.

 

l

T H ‘

They will dartout a Whole
Stamen or Sheaf at once, which
confifls of many Filaments, yet
all of one Length, and all divid-
ed each from the other, and dif-
tinét, till fome chance fnap them
dtf or entangle them.

He fays, that one Day taking
Norice that the Air Was full of
Spiders, he got upon the top of
the highefi Steeple of the Min-
{ler at York, and did thence dif—
cern they were yet exceeding
high above him.

When they appear in the Air,
or on the Grafs and Trees, they
foretell much fair and hot Weaa
ther.

8. TEGUMENT;

E G UME NT is‘ the Cover-
ing or Skin of a Fruit, {9%.

T

9. TE XTURE.

TEX TURE is that pecu-

liar Difpofition of the con-
fiituent Particles of any Body,
as makes it to have fuch a F orm,
or be of fuch a Nature, or bevena
dued with fueh Qualities;

to, Signs of TnUNDER' and
LIGHTNING; ’

HbSE that have. had EX-
perience of the Weather for
many Years have made their Obi
fervations, that in Summer tirne
when the Wind has been Scat/2 for
two or three Days,- and it groWs
very hot, and when the Cloadr
arife with great White Tops like
Towers, as if one Cloud were
on the Top of another, and jolll’d
H la to-

T R
together with black on the ne-
ther tide, there is likely to be
Thunder and Rain together in
many Places.

If' two fuch Clouds arife with
Thunder in them, the one on the
one lide of you and the other on
the other, then beware.

When Meteors {hoot in the
Night in the Summer, it is a
Sign of approaching Thunder,
much .Hear, and confequently
that Thunder and Lightning Will
enfue.

When there are many Cleft:
and Chop: in the Ground, they
{how that abundance of nitrous
and fnlphureous Vapours have
been exhaled from the Earth,
and got up amongft the Clouds,
and there being impatient of Re-
flraint, and ltruggling and rum-
bling, at lal‘t buri‘t thorough with
a great Noile, which is called
Thunder, and a fudden F lath,
which is called Lightning, which
are both infiantaneous, tho’ the
one is feen before the other is
heard, becaule the Senfe of See-
iizg is quicker than that of Hear-
2713'.

If in fultry \Veather no
Clouds appear, and the Sm; fets
red and fiery, great Flames will
appear in the Nort/y and North—
Wefl, or Lightning Without
Thunder, becaufe meeting with
no Oppoiition, tho’ fpringing
from the fame Caufe, the Noite
is not" heard. '

11. TRUNK.

RUN It is the main Stem

V 'A
u. TUBE.
U B E S are Pipes or hol-

T low Veffels, through which
Juices are conveyed.

1;. TUNIC.

U N I C, a Membrane, or
<- Membranes, covering any
Thing.

14. TURBINATED.

TURBINATE D,Plants

are called f0, that have a
Refemblance to a Turbant in
Shape , or are of a conical

? Figure.

15. VAPOURS-

R. Pointer conceives the

Manner how Vapours are
precipitated by the Cold, and re-
duced into Drops to be thus;
that whereas Vapour: are no more
than inflated Vé’ficu/‘e of Water,
when they meet With a colder
Air than what is contained in
them they are contracted into a
letter Space, and by that Means
the watery Shell or Cafe is
rendered thicker, and to do be--
come heavier than the Air, by
which they are buoy’d up, and
lb of confequenee mutt needs
"fall down: And alfo many. of
thofe thickened Va zcala: run into
one, and ('0 form Drops great. ,
er or fmaller, according to the
Quantity of Vapour: collected
fitogether.

 

or Body of any Thing, in.

Ditiintlion to Limbs or Branches,
which l'pi'ing therefrom.

WE

It appears by the Experiments -

and obfervations of Dr Halley,
Mr. Sedileau, {9‘}. that all Which
is mifed in Vapours does not
fall in Rain, and that in the
Winter Months they evapora~
te lenli, and in Summer grea-
teft, and in windy Weather molt
of all.

And as to the Overplus, they
are partly tumbled down, and
fpent by the Winds, and partly
defeend in Dews, which amount
to a greater Quantity than is
commonly imagined.

Dr. Halley did at St. He—
[em find the Defcent of Va-
.pours in Dews fo prodigious,
that he makes no doubt to attri-
bute the Origin of Fountains to
them. And Mr. Der/mm fays,
he has feen in a hill, cool E-
vening, large thick Clouds hang-
ing without any Morion in the
Air, which in two or three
Hours Time have been melted
down by Degrees, by the Cold
of the Evening, ['0 that not any
the leal’t Remains of them have
been left. ’

16. Sign; affair WEATHER.

‘ HEN the Sun is fair and
'bright at his tiling in a
Niorning, and is blufhing With-
out Spots or black Clouds near
him when he fcts at Night, it
is a Sign of fair Weather.
When the M0011 is three or
four Days old, and has her Horns
{harp and pointed very bright, it
is a Sign of fair Weather, till {he
comes to the full, if not the Whole
Month.

 

W E

If the Moon has a bright {hin-
ing Circl'e about her, when {he
is at the full it promifes fair
Weather for many Days. When
the Stars lhine clear and bright,
and feem to dart' out pdinted
Rays, it is a Sign of fairWeather.

Alfo When little Cloud: link
low, as into Vallies at Saar/a-eafl
or South-way}, it is a Sign of fair
Weather. .

If the Tops of Hill: be clear .
it is a Sign of fair Weather.

If there are» to the Nartly-w‘efl,
white fcattering Clouds, like flee-
ces of Wool, it is a Sign of fair
Weather.

When white Cloud: or Mills
hang jufi over Rivers, and dif-
perfe no further, it is a {ign of fair
Weather.

Whena Rain-low appears after
a Shower, and the blue yellow
part of it be very bright, and the
highefi Colour, they are Tokens
of fair Weather.

When Bee: fly far from. their
Hives, and c0me home late, it is a
Sign of fair Weather.

When there are great Swarms
of 6mm, it prefages fair Wea-
thcr.

V Glow-worm: {hining by Night
is a Sign of fair Weather.

When Lark; rife very high,,
and continue linging a long time
it is a Sign of fair Weather.

_ When Kite; fly aloft it be-
fpeaks fair, dry Weather; The
Lord Bacon gives this Reafon for
it.- Beeaufe the Kite mounts moi}
into the Air of that. Temper,
wherein he delights; for this af-
piring Bird does not ['0 much af-
feét the groflhefs of the Air, as
the cold'and frefhnefs of it ; for

Hh a being

W E
being a Bird of Prey and there-
fore hot, he delights in the frefh
Air.

When Lap-wing: orPIo'verr fly
high and then low, and make eon-
tinual crys, it befpeaks warm
Weather.

When Swallow: fly high it is a
Sign of fair Weather.

W E

When Owl: hoot much, it is a
a Sign of fair Weather; and tho’
0w]: do always hoot much both
in wet and dry Weather, yet there
is this Difference, that their hoot-
ing is more clamorous in wet
Weather, but more eafy and fe-
date in fair Weather.

In the foregoin flrtz'cle: of this Volume correfl
- cm fllfp/y asfbllowet/J.

N. B. Leave the Article M4-
laterum quite out in reading
Night-flank, in Letter N ; is

the Amomum Plinii. ~

In the Article Polyzmz‘lao: ; read
Polyantbo: lignifies a Plant that
brings many Flowers upon one
Stem.

For Service-Tree, read 567--
nice-Tree.

In Tripetalom, inflead of tala,
read Peta/a.

Whereas in the Article Pizl’r,
Monf. Liger mentions one by
the Name of a German-pink, I
know not what it is, unlefs he
means a Lyc/mir; and as to his
Poetr'pink', or Poet: Hyacinth,
I know not what Plant he
means.

In the Article Plam'fblia’zzr, for
Sane/i: read Sum/71223.

Royal Par/70y, is a Plant not

, known in England.

 

OCULUS CHRISTI.
I

Whereas Monf. Liger makes 2
the Out/m C/ar‘ifli and Afl‘er to
be the fame; the former is a,
Sort of Clary, made we ofbyl
the Apothecaries, and the flfler
(is a Star-wort.

Pam/flit: is wrong defcrib-
ed.

\threas in the Article Pearr,
the B‘em‘b Author fays, no
Pear will bear pruning fo [hort
as the B022 C/Jrétien, that is
falfe.

wwnnawwwwwwwwwwxnam
CATALOGUE

Curious TR EE 3, P L KN T s, 5%.

For the Satisfat‘tion of firth Gentlemen, that are curious in
colleéling of foreign Trees and Shrubs, and are not willing to he
at the Expenee ofhnilding Stoves and Green—Houfes, I have here
fet down a Catalogue of [nth Trees and Shrubs, hath Exotick ana’
Domeflick, a: will proffer in our Climate, in the open Gronnd,
a: hath heen feveral Tear: experienced hy Mr. ROBERT FURBER,
Gardener, over-again/l Hide Park Gate, at Kcnfington, where
any Gentlemen may he furni/hed with any of the following Trees
and Shrubs, at reafonahle Rate: ; and for the <general Satirfaét’ion
of Gentlemen, which are :kill’d in BOTANY, I ham endeavoured to
flee Anthentieh IVame: oppoflte to the Englifh, that it may he
njefizl to ei’ery Body, the Gardeners tinder/landing what Gentle-
men mean when they write for any of the following PLANTS, and
that Gentlemen ma under/land what the Gardeners mean when
they (all any of the following PLANTS hy the Namer nfled _a-
mongfl them. :

 

A A
ABelc—Trec. POPnIm alha. Park. Theat.
I410.
Acacia of Virginia. _ Pjinjoaeatiafilianirglahrir.Bocrh.
n . 1.2. 39.
Acacia or Honey, Locufi of fleaeia flmerieana ahrme fllz'ir
Virginia. triaeantho: five ael exillarfolz'o-

rnm Spina tripliei donata. Pluk.
Man. fol. I.
Agnus Callus, or Chafie Tree. Vitexfolii: flngnflioriba: cannahi:
, mode dirpofitir. C. B. P. 47;.
Alaternus with round Leaves. filaternax, LCluf. Hifp. 57,Hi11.

5.
Alatcmus with narrow Leaves. fllaternmfen Ph«'liea folzir flngajl
‘ ‘ tiorihnr €35 profnndinr ferratir.

Alaternus with fiiver edged Alazernmfolz'oram157412042150 colo-
Leavcs‘. ‘ ' re pr‘elextato.
H11 3 Almer-

CAB

Alaternus with golden edged
Leaves.

Alaternus with bloaehed Leaves.

Alder-Tree.

AlmOnd-Tree with peach colou-
red Leaves, of double flower-
ing Almond.

Almond-Tree with White Flow;
ers.

Almond Dwarf with fingle
Flowers.

Amara dulcis, or Bitter I‘Wect.

Amara dulcis With White Flow-
ers.
Amara dulcis With firip’d Leaves.

Apple-Tree from Mufcovy.
Judas Tree. ‘
Arbor Vitae.

Arbor Vitae with flrip’d Leaves.
Arbutus, or Strawberry Tree.
Aih-Tree.

Afh-Tree with flrip’d Leaves.
Manna-Alb.

‘ Flowering-Am.
Wild Afh, or Quick Beam.

Afpen—Tree.

AZeroli with Pyracautha Leaves.
Bay—Tree With narrow Leaves.
Azeroli from Naples.

Bay—Tree.

Dutch Bay.

Bay-Tree with firip’d Leaves.
Beech-Tree.

Benj amin—Tree.

Berberry.

Berberry without Stones.
Berberry with White Fruit.

fllaternm foliornm liméo litter; caé
lore ,fimbriato.

Alaternzu folz'i: maculi: ajfcrflr.

Alnm 'zmlgarir. Park .Theat.’ 1 4.08.

Peiflm Afiimna, nanzz, flare in-
mrnm‘o pleno. T. 62 5.

flmygdalm floribm candidir.

Perfiaz Africana, nana, flare in-
mrnatofimplici. T. 6 2 5.

Solannm fcana’en; 'vel dnlcamare.
C. B. p. 16 7.

Solunnm fiandem ml dnlcamare
flare (ll/70.

Solanum fmnden: rue] dnlmmare
folii: ex albo eraricgdtix.

Malta: Mufm‘vienfix.

flrbor 3‘ndm.

Thu-ya Tbeop/Jrafli. C. B. P. 488.

Tbnya folii: waricgatir.

flrbutm folio ferrata. C. B.P. 46o.

Fr/zxinm {Organ}. Park. Theat.
I 4. I 9.

meinm fblio wariegato.

Fraxinm rotundiore filio. C. B. P.
4.1 6. .

meinm Americana fiorida. Hort.
Reg. Par.

Ornmfive Fraxinm jjll'oeflris. P.
Theat. I419.

Popular: Lybiw. P. Theat. I411.

[Wefloi/m fpinoflz pyrifblio. H. L.

errm [filllé/blifl.

flfcfiJi/m flraniafive Neapolitana.
Park. Theat. 1423.

Laura: latifo/z'a.

Lawn: vztlgarz's. C.B. P. 460.

Laztrm foliir warie’gatij.

Fagm. Park. Theat. r402.

A’rbor Benzoiniféra. Breyn. Prod.

2. ,
Berberis dztmetormn. C. B. P.
454.
Berbcrisflne make. C. B. P. 454.
Berberis fmfiu (1/120.
Canada.

BC

Canada Berberry-f

Birch-Tree.
Bird Cherry. .

Bladder Nut, fee Staphyloden-
dron. .,

Three leav’d Virginian Bladder
Nut.

Box-Tree.

Box-Tree with firip’d Leaves.

Dwarf Dutch Box.

Bower, fee Virgin’s Bower.

Buckthorn with Willow Leaves.

Candle-Berry Tree from Virgi-
nia.

Caffine, or Cafhioberry Buih from
Carolina.

Cedar of Lebanon.

Cedar of Virginia.

Cedar of Bermudas.

Common, or Spaniih Chef‘nur-
Tree.

Chefnut
Leaves.

Horfe Chefnut Tree.

Tree with flriped

Horfe Chefnut Tree with fcarlet
Flowers.

Cherry—Tree. ‘

Ciilus, or Holy Rofe.

Cornifh, or Clufier Cherry.

Cherry Plum of Virginia.

Berberir latéflimo folio Camden/fr,
H. R P.

Betula. .Park. Theat. 1408.
Cemfm racemofa film/in}, frufla
nan eduli. C. B. P. Matthiolus

2 74..

Staphylodmdrm Virginianum tri-
filiatum. H. L.

thxm.

thxm folii: variegatir.

Buxm 124714, Bam‘vim.

C lematiter.

R/aamnoider fiarifizm Saliri: fblx'ir.

_ Tor Cor. 53,

Myrmr Brabantim, fimili: Caro-

linimfi,baccbata, frm‘Zu racer/ro-

fo,feflli, monopyrcmPlukPhy.
48.

Cafline mm, perquam fimilz'r ar-
éufculm Pbi/b!re.e,foliz:r antago-
niflir, ex provimia C araliziezfl.
Pluk. mar. 40.

Larix oriental}: frm‘lu rotmediore,
oétufi. Tourn. 586.

yunipemr Virginiam : foliir i;z-
firioriémjum'perinir, fuperiori—
hm Suéimim m] C upreflhm re-
ferentibm. Boerh. in lib. .2.
p. 208.

yzmiperm Bcrmudz'ana.

C afltznca rut/garb, Park. Theat.
14.00.

C aflzmea vulgarir filiir 'vm‘iegatir.

Caz/11mm equimz. Park Theat.
14.00.

Pavia. Boerh. in lib 2.. p. 2.60.

Cemfm.
Ciflur.
C emfur raremofa,film/irirfmflu
nan eduli, rabro'. H, .P.
C erafm 'vclprmzw Virginiamz.
h 4 Cer-

C DEtF'G

Cherry -'I' rec with double Flow-
ers.

. Chinquapin, or dwarf Virginian

Chefuut.

Chrifl’s Thorn, fee Paliurw.

Coccigria.

Convolvulus Tree, 2. Species of
Ivy from Virginia, according
to Dr. Plaknet.

Cork Tree.

Cornelian Cherry Tree.

Coronilla with filvet Leaves,
or yellow Collutea.

Crab tree of Virginia with fweet
Flowers.

Common Cypref's, or upright.

Cyrifus fecundus Clunii.

Cytifus lupgtus

Male Cyprefs, or fpreading Cy-
prefs.

Dogwood Tree.

Common Elm Tree.

Broad leav’d, rough Elm, or
'VVych Hazel.

VVych Elm with firip’d Leaves.

Britifh Elm, a ‘feedlihg with ex-
ceeding broad Leaves, and a
very free Shooter. = ‘

Dutch Elm.

Hertfordfliire Elm.

Petworth Elm.

Firr, called the Spruce Firr.

Firr‘, called the Lord HQ}-
moutb’s Firr, 9. five leaved
Pine.

Firr, called the Scotch Firr, a

fort of Pine.
Firr, called Silver Firr.

Balm of Gilead Firr.
Norway Firr.

Gelder Rol'c.
O

Cerafm laortenfis. flare plem. C"
B. R. 450.

Cajlanea Racemoflz, fraéi‘u form,
in mpfuli: eolyinatis,unico.Pluk.
Alm. 9o.

Cotinm‘ coriaria. Dod. p. 780.
Hedera monopbyllo: convol'ouli fo-
liir, Virginiam. 36.

Saber. [Aroma]

C 0mm ’ma: fruéiu more. Park.
Thea. 1 520.

Corom'lla argentm Cretica T. 6 50.

.Mzzlm glue/Iris Virgixiam Flori-
lzm odorir.

Cupreflur meta‘ in fafligium ton~
woluta, qua: faemimz. Plinii.

Cupreflh: ramo: extra f: Spargcm
quit mafl Plinii, Tourn.

Comm forming. C. B. P. 44.7.

Ulmm Wit/garb.

Ulmm Latiore folio. Park. Theats
I404.

Ulmur folio glabro wariegafm.

Ulmu: Brihmim latifolia.

Ulmm Bata'oim.

U/mm Hertfordite comiz‘atm.

Ulmm do Pet-worth

(Mia.

Pimu C omiti: VVeymouth we!
quinqzxe foliix.

Piizm Syli'eflri: folii: ére'viém,
glum‘i} coni: parwir albentiom.
Abie: Taxi folio, fruéi‘u fur—
fimzfpeéi‘mzte. Tourn. 586.

Pliiflffati‘vd. C.\B. P. 491. or,
Firm: jjvlvqflrixr folii: bre'zlibu:
Glaucir, comi: Pdi‘i‘lf albeutious.

Opu‘lm Rue/ii. .
Spanilh

H

S'fianiih Tree Germander.
Groundfel Tree from V-irginid.

Glafienbury, or ChriflmasThorn.

Sweet Gaule, Sweet Willow, or
Dutch Myrtle.

Hickery Walnut from Virginia.

Holly Tree. .

Holly Tree with yellow Berries.

Hedg—hog Holly, plain.

Blind’s Cream.
Fine Phyllis.

Fine Union.
Bagfhot’s Yellow.
Gold Edger.

Bridgman’s.
Broderick’s.
Partridge’s.
Milkmaid.
Eales’s.

Painted Lady.

Hertfordfhire white.
Silver edg’d Hedg-hog.

Gold edg’d Hedg-hog.

Gold bloatch’d Hedg-hog.

Halimus Sea Purflain, or Orach
Tree. .

Honey Suckles with the Leaves
always green.

Italian Honey-Suckle.

Fly Honey-Suckle.

Dutch Honey—Suckle.

Early flowering Honey-Suckle.

Blue berried, uprightHoney—Suc-
kle.

‘ Tucrim Btrticum Calice rampant;

ato. Boerh. 181.
Seneno Virginianm Arborefeem‘

{I triplici: folio Par. Bat. 22;.
Salix odora 'vel myrtu: Bata'vica.

Vide Walnut.
Aquifulium.
flquifolizem’Bacei: luteir.
Aquifolium ec/Jimztum folii fuper-
ficie, Corn. 180. '
Aquifolium Dom. Blind.
Aquifolium we] Phyllis elegant.
Aquifblium Ive] zmio elegam.
Aquifolium 1am Dom. Bag/bot.
Aguifbliumfbliorum fiméria auren
colore 'variegata.
Aquifolium Dom. Bridgman.
flqlzifblizzm Dom. Broderick. '
Aquifolizzm Dom. Partridge.
Aquifolium vii/go dié't'a Lafiaria.
flquifolium Dom.EaleI.
Aguifolium viz/go dic‘la, Domimz
'velfa’mimz nobili: pifla.
AquixandidaHertfardiw comitatm.
Aqm' eclvimzta candidi: foliorum
fimbriir.
Agni. eclaimta fbliorum fimbrii:
aztreo colore variegatix.
flqyi. eclyinam mamlis variegata.
fltriplex latifblia five Halimu:
frutiwfiu latifolim.
Periclymemtm perfiiliatum Virgi-
niamtm jemper wirem {9’ flo~
rem. H. L. 484..

Caprifolium Italicum. Dod. P.

4 I I .
Perirlymenrtm reé't'um fruc‘lu ni-
gro. Park. Theat. 146a.
Caprzfolium Germanicum flare ru-
éello ferotinum. H. R. P.
C aprifblium Italicum .petj‘bliamm
pnecox. H. R. P.
C/jamcecerafm momma frué’t’uflnv
gulari writ/e0. C. B. P.
Red

J

Redl harried, upright Honey-Suc-

HfrIn-beam Tree-

Hop Horn-beam Tree.

Horn-beam from Virginia with
finall Leaves like the finall
leav’d Elm.

Jafl‘emine with White Flowers, at
common Jafl‘emine.

}afl‘emine with yellow Flowers.

Jafl'emine of Virginia With yel-
low Flowers. -

Jafininum Perficum, fee Lilac.

Ilicis of feveral Sorts.

Common Juniper.

Swediih Juniper.

Ivy Tree.
Creeping Ivy.

Ivy with firiped Leaves.

Laburnum.
Larix, or Larch Tree.

Common Laurel.

Laurel with firip’d Leaves.
Alexandrian Laurel.

Laurufiinus with rough Leaves.

Laurufiinus with fhining Leaves.

Lauruilinus with finall Leaves
hardy.

Bailards fhining leaved Lauruf-
tinus.

Lentifeus, or mafiick Tree.

Lilac with purple Flowers.

Lilac with White Flowers.

Perfian Lilac with Whole Leaves.

Perfian Lilac with cut Leaves.

Blue Lilac.

Liquid Amber.

Lime Tree with large Leaves.

E .

Cbammcer-afu: dumetorflm frm‘ld
gemifio mbro. C. B. P.

Q/lry: fez/e, Oflrya Tbeopbmfli.
Park. Theat. 1405.

Carpiem‘.

Carfinm Vzrgim'am.

Oflrw Virginiam ulmo fimilir.

yafminum vulgatx'mfiore 4100. C.
B P- 397-

34mm...” bumile luteum.

yafmizum Virginiauum flare III-
110

Lilac Lociniato flare.

Vidc Oak.

:72: niperm wager}; fruticofiz. C

P. 488.

yzmiperm Vulgari: arbor. C.B.P.
487.

Hedera.

Ilcdem major flerilir.
305.

Hedcm communi: miuor folii: ex
(11/20 {9’ eliridi variir.

C. B. P.

Larix folio deciduo, tonifi’m. I.
B. I. 2.65.
Laurm.
Lgmrm fo/iir variegatir.
L «arm A lexzmdrimz.
Laura/flaw 2'114g47‘ix.
L460.
.rr 2/112 11: prior, Cluf H. 49.
Laura/mam II. Cluf. H. 49.

C. B. P.

erzzrzzfiirzzzr HI. Cluf. H. 49.

Lem/1.... earl/gawk. C. B. P. 39
L ‘1': c flare f mm are purpureo.
L./.zc flow 41.2.0 T. 601.
Lz/cholio lzguflri.
Lilac 1.20557i/230 folio.
Lé/JC flare (writ/5’0.
I’fdc Storax Tree.
Tilirz firmim folio majore. C. B. P.
426.

Matt.

1237.

Lime

M

Lime Tree with fmall Leaves.

Lime Tree with red Twigs.

Lime Tree with black Twigs.
Lotus, or Nettle Tree.
Machaleb, or perfumed Cherry.

Common Wood Maple Tree,
or the lcifer Maple Tree.

Great Maple, falfely called the
Sycamore.

Great Maple with fitip’d Leaves.

Norway Maple with a plane-
Tree Leaf.

Afh leav’d Maple of Virginia.

Virginian flowering Maple.

Mefpilus,
thorn.
Mefpilus, or large Cock Spur
thorn. .
Mefpilus, or Hawthorn with
double Flowers.
Glafienburypr Chrifimas Thorn.

or common Haw-

Common Medlar.

Great manured Medlar.

Dwarf Mefpilus, or Ballard
Quince.

Mczcreon.

Mezereon with Peach coloured
Flowers.
Mczcreon with White Flowers.

Mezereon with firip’d Leaves.
Mirabolan Plum.

Mulberry Tree with black Fruit.
Mulberry Tree with White Fruit.

Tibia foemim folio minore. CB. P.
42 6. \

Tilia filial: molliter bidet}: 215m};
m'bm mom. Ray. Synapf.
3 r 6.

Tilia wirgi: nigh}.

Lotm.

Mac/341:5 ml Cerafu: odor-a.

Aoer minus vulgore. Park Theat.
I425.

liter majm latifoliztm. Park.
Theat. 14.2 5-

Acer mqim folio variegato.

Acer Platanoidei. _Munt. MR.
55-

Arer maximum foliz': trifidi: 'vel
quinquifidir V irgz'nianum.

floer Virginianum folio majore,
Suétm Argenteo, fupm wiridi,
fplmdmzc. Pluck. Phyr.

fifdpilm apiz’ folio, fj/lmflriI, j};-
noflzfive oxyacaiztba.

Mejpi/m guru/21, ji've oxyarrmtba
Virginiana, maxima.

Illefpi/ur fpinoflz five oxyacam/Ja
fioreplmo. Tourn. 64.x.

Mar/film fpim acute, bifiom, Bri~
tamim. Park. Theat. 1025.

Mcfoz'lur wagon}. Park. Theat.
I422.

Mefpilm maxima, flzti'zm. Park.
Theat. I42 2.

Mefpilm folio fubrotztudo, fruc‘lu
mom. Tourn. 642. '

'Tbymelrm launfolio dcciduo five

laureo/zz forming. T. 595.

Thyme/cm laurz'folio docidflo flare
mmrmzto.

Tig'mcla’a Iaurz' folio deciduo flare
albido._

Thyme/m folio variegato.

M17 .éo/am. fark. Theat. app.
I 6 7 6.

.4707”; nigm.

xllerm fwd” alto. C. B. P. 459.

Myrtle

 

N’.0 P

Myrtle wild, fee fweet Gaul.

Nettle Tree, fee Lotus.
Oak Tree.

Oak Tree with firip’d Leaves.

Broad leaved Oak fromr Caro-
lina.

Willow leaved Oak from New
England.

Water Oak from Carolina.

White Oak, or Iron Oak.

Several Sorts of Ever-green
Oaks.

Oleaficr, or wild Olive.

Olive with broad Leaves, or

Manured, or Garden Olive
Tree.

Luca Olive.

Olive with Box Leaves.

Parfley leav’d Virginian Clim—
ber called the Pepper Tree.
The common broad leav’d Pall

lion F lower.

The narrow leav’d, or Fruit
bearing Paflion Flower.
The yellow Paflion FIowcr.

Peach Tree with double Flow-
ers. *

Pear Tree with double Flow-
ers.

Broad leav’d Pcrewincle.

Narrow leav’d Pcriwincle.

Periwincle with white Flowers.

Myrna Bralmntim ml ling/I'm:
C. B. P. 1452..

Lotm fruflu ceraji. C. B.P. 44.7.

Quercm latifolim. Park. Theat.
1385. .

Quarry: Hij‘banicm folii: difl'ec-
tir. .

Qwerty: latifolim Americanm.

Quartz: Wrginiamz fizlici: lon-
giore folio,fruc‘i‘u minimo. Park.
A1. 180.

Quarry: Americana aquatim.

gucrcm alba 'velfcrrea.

I

in?! divcrfrc Species, laid. Ilex.

01m fylwflrir folio duro, fulztm
imam. C. B. P. 4.72. ~
Olmflztirfl. C. B. P. 4.72.

01m minor Lucenfi: frufl‘u odo-
mto. Tourn. 599.

0164 flfricamz folio buxi trifle},
atro—zliridi Iucido, cortice (2/50,
fmbro. Boerh. Jud. 2. 218.

Clematitc: Virginiana fo/ii: apio
fimi/iéur. '

Greuadi/lzz pmtapkyl/ox latioribm
fo/iir, flore (mm/50 magno. Boer.
lib. 2. 8.

Grenadi/l:z panoply/10$, flore c.0-
rzrleo magno.

Gremzdi/la folio tricufpide, flora
parwofla-wfcente. T. 240.

Pcrfim oulgarir flare plaza. T.
6 24.

Pym: futiwu florc pleno.

Pcrvima 'zrztlgarir latifolia, fiore
mrulco. Tourn. 119. ‘
Perez-mu walgarir anguflzfo/ia, flo-

re mruleo. Tourn. I 20-
Per'z'imo Tulgarir anguflifolia, flo—
re 4113:». Tourn. 120. ‘

Double

P

Double flowering Periwincle.

Yellow {trip’d Periwincle.

Silver firip’d Periwincle,

Pine Tree«

Pineafler, or wild Pine.

Pine Tree with five Leaves, fee
the Lord II/eymautb’s Firr.

Pifharnin of Virginia.

Pifiachia from Virginia.

Phlomis, or yellow Ballard Sage
Tree.

Phillyrea item with broad Leaves.

Phillyrea with narrow jagged
Leaves.

Phillyrea with very narrow
Leaves.

Phillyrea with Olive or Box
Leaves.

Phillyrea with bloatched Leaves.

Plane tree occidental.

Plane Tree oriental.

Plane Tree with Maple Leaves,
or Spanifh Plane Tree.

Chriflmafs Plum, or Winter
Crack.

Poifon Tree of Virginia, two
Sorts. ,

F ruit-bearin g Pomegranate Tree.

Pomegranate Tree with double
Flowers.

Poplar the white, fee the A-
[Jele

Populus Lybica, fee Ajpm Tree.

Privet, or Prick Timber.

Privet Italian Ever—green.

Quick Beam, fee Service.
Quince B.t{lard,fi’e Service.

Q

Perminca oulgari: anguflif‘olia, flo-
re pleno futuratelparpureo.

Per'vinm angufiifb in vulgarz'r ego-

riegata ex mo 65’ erirz‘di. Bf

Pert'inca anguflifolia 'zmlg'ari: aza-
riegata ex argem‘eo Es’ oiridi.

Pinm. ‘

Pinw jjll'vcflrir. C. B. P. 49!.

Pimu quinque folii: fbliatm.

Guajacam Pf/bamin Wrginiazm.
Park. Theat. 1523.

.Terelaintlainm Indira fleopbmfli

Piflaclaia Diafcoridex. Bocrh.
Phlomu: frutioofa fol-vii? folio la.
tiore ml rotundiore. T. 177.

Plaill 'rea latifolia.

P/Jilyrca folio leviter firrnto. C.
B. P. 4.76.

Plaillyrea angufiifolia Prim. C.
B. P. 4.76. — ~

Ploillyrea folio Buxi. Tourn. 596.

Pbillyrea folio maculizto.

Platanu:0coidentalir. Park.Thcat.
1408. .

Platamu Orieztalir. Park. Theat.
x408.

Platoon: Grimm/i: arerir folio.
Tourn. Corol.

Prunm Natalitioram.

Toxicodemlron triplzyllum glzzlflvzm.
Tourn. 6 r I.

Mala: Punim fatz'va. C. B. P.

Mala; szica flare flew majore.

Popular 41.9.4. Park. Thear. 1410.

Liar/Hum.
nguflmm folio/Emper Tireme.

Quince

Quince from New England.
Rofe fingle Cinamon.

Rofe double Cinamon.

Rofe fingle yellow.

ROfe' double yellow.
Rofe fiugle Musk.
Rofe double Musk.

Damask Rofe.
Common white Rofe.

Dwarf White Rofe.

‘ Dwarf fingle Rofe.
Evergreen Rofe.
Frankfort Rofe.

York and Lancafier Rof'c.
Belgick Rofe.

Mofs Province Rofe.

Aufirian Rofe.
Double red Rofe.

Childing Rofe.
Nlonthly Rofe.

Double Velvet Rofe.

Single Velvet Rofe.
Province Rofe.
Dutch hundred leaved Rofe.
Mrs. Hart’s, or the firip’d Dy
mask Rofe.
Dwarf rcd Rofe.

R0131 mundi.

Marbled Rofe.

R

Mala: oatanea Amerieam.

Rafa adore cimzmomi flore fimd
flex. C. B. P. 483.

Rafa adore cimzmomi fiareplmoC.
B. P. 48;.

Rafa Irma, jimplex. Park. Theat.
417.

Rofiz [urea maltiplex, fiwe flare
plcna Park. Par. 417.

Rafa mufcamfimplioiflore. C. B.
P. 4.82 ‘

Rofzg mufezzla flare pleno. C. B. P.
4 2.

R012; Domafoena.'Park. Par. 413.

Roflz lilo/z Til/garb. Rea flor.

30.

Rafa mmpe/lri: j‘birio/z‘flima flare
aléo odoro. C. B. P. 4.83.

Rofizfylveflri: altem minor.

Rafi; flmper wirem.

Roflz Fraizlcofurterz 1:. Park. Par.
412. .

Roflrz ‘verfieolor. Park.Par. 4I4.

Raj); Belgian five 'viz‘rea. Park.
Par. 4.12..

Rafa rubra plerm, giro/[fined pe-
dzmcula mufcofo.

Rafa Puniom. Cordi. II.

Raj}: ruéro maltiplex. C. B. P.

8

g I.
Rafa prolz'fi'ro. .
Roflz omnium Calendar-21m. H. R.

P.
fiifiz Ho/ojerim, maltiplex. Rea.
flo. 27.
Rafa laolo/‘erim, flare/implici.
Rofaprovimia/ir, mom. Park. Par.
Roflz maxima, multiplex.
RaflzDamofoemz, woriegatafilegafl-
tior. Rea. flo. 29.
Rafa mom, laumz'lir, pumilz'oPark.
par.
Raf/z rulzra 59’ all”; variegam,
mmzdi (amigo dic‘Za. Raii H. P.
Rafa marmorea. Rea. flo. 27.
Blulh

'ns

Bluih Rofe.

Rofe without Thorns. '

Gelder Rofe, or Elder Rofe with
flat Flowers.

Gelder Rofe with round F low-
ers.

Strip‘d Gelder Rafe, or Water
Elder.

Rofmary with narrow Leaves.

Rofmary with broad LeaVes.

Rofmary with yellow firip’d
Leaves.

Rofmary with filver {trip’d
Leaves.

Sage Tree, fee Phlomis.
Saffafras Tree.
Savin Tree.

Service Tree, the wild, with
Afh Leaves, fee Quickbeam.
Common Wild Service Tree.

Wild Service With White Leaves.
fee Aria T/Jeopbmfli.

True Service Tree with Alhen
Leaves.

Sifl'eli.

Snow-drop Tree.

Spaniih Brown.

Spires. Frutex.

Spirea from Virginia with Cur-
rant Leaves.

Staphylodcndron, . or Bladder
Nut.

Staphylodendron ofVirginia with
three Leaves.

Maple leaved Storax.

StrawberryTrce, fee 47$qu
Virginian Sumach.

m

Rafa provincialir, flare intend”,

plem. H Eyfi. v. V '
Roflzfinefpinix. Rea. flo. 2.7.
Opulm Ruelii. 2.81.

Opulm floregloéojb. Tar. 601.
01ml“: foh'o wariegato.

qumarinm bortenfi: “gal 'm
folio. C. B. P. 2.17: , fl!

Rofmarium fiantanem jive Milfo-
lim. C. B. P. 217.

Rofmarivms falz'is luteo cobra vi-
riegatir.

Rofmarium‘ folii: candida color!
wriegatir.

Saflafifar. Park. Theat. I606.
Sabiism folio Cyprefli. C. B. P.

, 4 7:
firizz Tbeopbmfli.

Sorém torminalix vulgaris. Park.

Theat. 1420.

Sorém legiiima. Park. Theat.
I 4 2 o.

SeflEIi [Etbiopimm frutex.

Frutex viola 52/50/21 dam.

Gem/f4 Hijjmm'm.

Spiral Salici! folio. T. 6! 8.

Spiral opulz'i fblio. T. 618.

Staphyloaz’endron. Mar. 274.

Stapbylozlmdron V hgfx'z'gmmz tri-
foliamm. H. L.

flccr {Gaziniammz Odorfltmfl. H.
L. app. 641.

Rim; Virginia/171m; C. B. P. app.
5 I 7' '

Myrtle

TVWR

Myrtle l‘eav’d Suinach.

Sycamore, fee Maple '
White Syringa, or mock Orange.

Syringe. With double FloWer‘s.’

Tree Tamarisk, or French Ta-
marisk.

Shrub Tamarisk,or German Ta-
marisk. ' '1

Trumpet Flower.

TrumpetFlower of Virginia with
Orange coloured Leaves.

Tulip Tree with Maple Leaves.

Viburnum, wayfaring Tree, or
Plant, mealy Tree.

Viburnum with firip’d Leaves

Virgin’s Bower with fingle
Flowers.

Virgins Bower with double
Flowers.

Spanilh Virgin’s Bower.

Flowering Climber from Mr.
Duboir’s at Mitcbam; 3 Sort
of Virgin’s Bower.

Walnut Tree.

Great French Walnut.

Dwarf Walnut from Carolina.

Black Walnut from Virginia.

Hickery Walnut from Carolina.

Laurel leav’d, or Dutch Wil-
low.

Common Yew.
Dwarf Yew.

Rbm Myrtifilium Mo'rzfléliaruvt:
C. B. P. 414..

Syringa albafi'zie Philadelphia A;
tbenei. C. B. P. 4.98.

Syringa fiore albo, pléno. C. B. P.
e 8

39 - .
Tamarifcm Narbonmfir. Lob.
Icon. 218.

Tamarifcm Gerfiam‘ca. Loblcori -
218. I
Bz'gnoflia flmerimna fmxizi filia,
flare amplo, Pbamiceo. T. 164.
Bigrzonia Americana arbor, flare

luteo, fmxini folio.
Tulipif‘em arbor Virginiana. H. I.
Viburnum. Matthiolus.

Viburnum folio variegato.

Clemazites 6.8771184 "velpm‘pum rd-
pem. C. B. P. 301.

C Iematite: [tended fiore pleno. C.
B. P. 301.

C lematitcx Pkregrina folii: Pyri
imifir.

Clematim florigem. D. Dubois
apud Mitc‘ham.

Nux juglam five regz'zz vulgaris.
C. B. P. 4.1 7.

.Nux jgg/amfrucl‘u maxima. CB.
P. 417.

Nux Juglam pumila C aralinia-
m.

Nux juglam Virginiana mgm.
H. L. 4520.

N uszr 31m; Virginiana, filiir 1’11}-
garifimi/ir, fruéfzt jirbrotundo,
cornice duriore, been.

Salix montam major foliir Lauri.
ni. H. R. P.

Taxm. C. B. P. 505.

Tax”: Humilir.

A CA-

\

xgmxoxgmuoxgguuguorriumgouoo
§§§§§rereeeereeeeereeereeereeerre

A C AT‘ALO GUE 6f Plants. out
or which any Gentleman may colleér at

I’leafure, for to furnifh'fi Green-Houfe,
and nor require a‘ Stove in’t‘h‘e'Winter.

' 0 R A N G E s.
CHina Orange.
Sevil Orange.
Curl’d Orange.
Strip’d curl’d Orange.
Common firip’d Orange.
Turkey Orange.
Strip’d Turkey Orange.

Dwarf Orange.
Pumpelmoes or Slmddock.

Black Fruit With red Flowers.

Hermaphrodite.

Citron.
LEM0N&

Common Lemon.
Lemon with long Fruit.
Lemon with firip’d Fruit.
Burgamor Lemon.
Lime.

HUmntium dulci medulla; wal-
gore, ,

[lumntium aori medulla vulgare.

llamm‘ium crijpo folio. V

Aarantium crifpo folio elegantzfli-
me zlarzegato.

Aunmtium folio variegato "vulgare,
flag/loam dic‘lum.

Aurarztium anguflo falicir folio di-
Elam.

Auramfium anguflo fézlicir folio
elegmztzflime variegato.

Aummium Sinezfe.

Aummium fruc‘iu maximo 1124M
orientalir.

Aurantium Hermapbroditum five
cornimlamm partim azmmtz'um
fartim titreum.

C itreum vulgare.

Limo» vulgarir.
Limo” p ri ejfigie.
Limonfgm‘lflflriato.

Limon acris

1 1' Myrtles.‘

/

MYRTLES.‘

Orange leav’d Myrtle.
Nutmeg Myrtle.-

\

Strip’d Nutmeg Myrtle.

Box leav’d Myrtle.

Box leav’d Myrtle firip’dr
Upright Myrtle.

Upright Myrtle firip’d.
Broad leav’d Portugal Myrtle.
Rofemary leav’d Myrtle.
Thyme leav’d Myrtle.

Double flowering Myrtle.
Birds-melt Myrtle.

JASSEMINES.

ILex leav’d Jaffemine.

Indian yellow Jafl'emine.

Ivy leav’d White Jaffemine.

Catalonian or Spanifh Jafremine.

Arabian Jaifemine.

Several otlvcr curiam Plaim.

GEraniums feveral Sorts.
Pomegranates two Sorts. .

Olives two SOrts.

Leonorufl'es two Sorts.-

Cytiffus Lunatus.

Rhamnus or Spanifh Thorn.

Dutch Bays. . ,
Barba Jovis, or Silver—bulb.
Malabar Nut.

Cafllne, or South-Sea Tea Tree.

'A Catalogue of Green-Hmfi Pram;

a

M 'rm: Baetioa latifolia exotica.
yrtmfalii: adore mm} mafcam,
oaulimli: rubentibm wdgo adore
citri.

Eadem folio wariegato

Myrna folio B uxi.

Eadem folio variegato.

[PIyrttu anguflifizlia Bwtt'aa.

Eadem folio variegato.

M rrtw latifivlia Romano.
yrtw minor vulg’arir.

Myrtu: folii: minimi: fis’ mucra-
natir.

Myrna flare pleno.

yafim'mrm Africanum folio iliair,
flare jolltario ex alii: fbliorum
proveniem‘e.

yafminym Indimm fiawam odom—
th/Zmum.

yafminum Azoriaum, trifaliatam,
fiare‘aléo odoratiflimum.

yafminum batmilim magna flare.

yafmiuum Arabic’um folii: Li-
mom'i cagjugatix, flare aloe,
plem), odomttflimo.

lemmu Hijjmnicm folio Buxi

minor.

Ad/Jatodo Z?ylonenfiz¢m.-
Caper

\

z! Catalogue of Green‘Houfé Plants. ’

Caper Bufh.

Strip’d Snapdragon.
Althea Frutex.

Silver leav’d coronilla.
White Spaniih Broom.
Viburnum Americanum.

Fabaga flfriaamz arborefiem, flare
Sulp/mrea, fruc‘lu rotunda. .

Caram'lla argentea, Cretica.
Spartium Iii/Panama flare candida.

A Sort of Birthwort, falfely cal- Ari/ioloclyia Pg'flalac‘i‘ria dic’la.

led the Snake-root.
Ficoides twelves Sorts.
Aloes twelve Sorts.
Sedums five Sorts.
Cotyledons four Sorts.

flCATALOGUEafFLOWE'Rs
far the 0pm Borders.

HYaCinths double and tingle,
many Sorts.

Snow-drops, double and tingle.

Narciirus’s, feveral Sorts.

Iris’s with bulbofe R00ts, feve-
ral Sorts.

Colchicums double and fingle,
many Sorts.

Crocus’s, feveral Sorts.

Tulips double and fingle many
Sorts.

Frittillaria’s, feveral Sorts.

Dens canis, two Sorts.

Jonquils, double and tingle.

Hyacinths of Peru, two Sorts.

Lilies, double and tingle.

Martagons, feveral Sorts.

Crown Imperials, feveral Sorts.

Winter Aconites.

Ranunculus’s, feveral Sorts.

Mountain Ranunculus’s.

Double Saxifrage.

Anemonies, feveral Sorts.

Lilies of the Valley, two Sorts.

Afphodils, two Sorts.

Yellow Day Lily.

Geraniums, feveral Sorts with
knobbed Roots.

Cyclamens, two Sorts.

Iris’s with tuberofe _Roots,. feveé
ral Sorts.

Spiderwort, three Sorts.-

F raxinella, two Sorts.

Batchellors Buttons, two Sorts.

Thrift, three Sorts.

Double and fingle Sweet-Wile
liams.

Fairchild’s Mule. _

Campanula’s, feveral Sorts.

Carnations, feveral Sorts that
blow Without breaking the

, Pod.

Wall Flowers, many Sorts.

Perennial Poppy.

Rofc Campions, double and lin=

le.

Lychnis’s three Sorts, fingle and‘
double.

Double ragged Robin. .

Double Lychnis, a Sort ofCatch—
Fly 1 1 z Gentiu‘

}! Catalogue of Flowers for the open Borders}

Gentianella’s.

Dailies, feveral sorts.

Auricula’s, feveral‘Sorts.

Polyanthos, feveral Sorts.

Pinks fingle and double, feveral
Sorts.

ViOlets, feveral Sorts.

Hepatica’s, fingle and double.

Flammula Jovis.

Hollyhocks, or Garden Mal~
lows, feyeral Sorts.

saaeaeaeaeamaeaaeeaaeeawewaewévm
A CATALOGUE ofCurz'om

FRUITS.

APPLE&

GEnneting Apple
Quarandel

Strawberry
Summer Pearmain’
Loan’s Pearmain
Autumn Red Pearmain
Aromatick Pippin
Kerron Pippin
Cockle Pippin
Golden Pippin
Golden Rennet
Large Ruffeting
Harvy Pippin
Kentiih Pippin
. Golden Monday
Large French Pippin
Drap (1’ Or
Porne d’ Api
Chefnut Apple
White Calvil
Red Calvil
Twice Bearing-Apple
Chafie Apple
Indian Spice Apple
Flanders hollow—ey’d Pippin
Pome Water
Belly Bon
Paradife Apple
Quince Apple
Wheeler’s Rulil‘ting

 

Winter Pearmain

The Royal Codling
Kentifh Codlings

Gurle’s great Apple
Hereford Red-fircak’d
Suffex new Red-fireak
Bowler Apple

Mitcham Montler Apple
Sops in Wine

Rutter’s Pareil

Nonparcil

Stone, or two Years Pippin
Red Courpondu

White Courpondu
Courpondu Brode

Hogh Bonte, or High Goodncfs
Appe, from France
Caffenor, early ripe

Green Rennet

Grey Rennet, or Rennet dc Griz
Embroder’d Apples

Pear Rufleting

Harvy Apple

Chefier Pearmain

Royal Pearmain

Ice Apple

T/Jefifi‘OfiZ Leghorn, {fan
NIelia Apiole

Rofe Apiole

Francis Apiole

Mofcovy Apple.
A CA-

.weweafiwwewfigwwwawww
fifi®fi®®fi®vfifi®®fififi
maeaeaesemmmmzewmgmsm

gACATALOGUEmims

of tbe eboieefl Sorts, made 4 Preflmt to
Mr. F U R B E R, by Mr. Alderman

BROCA&

Name; of PEARs';

Cltron dc Kermes
Genneting Pear

Jargoncll

Pettit Blanquett

Ruifett dc Towers

Vermilion

Diana

Caffulett

Orange Burgamot.

Golden Fear of Santoigne

Shardam '

Rofhca

Collwcl

Brute bon

Pear fans Pepin

Pear dc Prince

Summer bon Creticn

Summer Burgamot

Ruffet Spicer

Ambrofia

Bure dc Roy

Gurlc’s Burc

Autumn bon Crcticn

Brocas’s Burgamot

Grofs Ruffctt

Dove Pear

.Gec’s Bnrc

Valentia

Monficur John

Swans Egg

Time: of Eeting.‘

3mm and 3211):

3mm and yuly

My

73”!

Mb

3‘21] and Augufi

1721]; and Augufl

yell}! and Augufi
Augufl

[lugufl

flugufl

Augufl

fly a _
Augufi and September
flugufl and September
‘fltzgufl and September
September

September

September

September and Ofiober
September and Oflober
September and Ottober
September and Oflober
September and Oflober
September and Oétober
Ofiaber

Oflober

Ottober and Nowember
October and November
Ofiaber and November
I i 3 Vcrt

’A CATALO GUE ofFRUITS.‘

Vert Long

Beza de la Mot

Burgamot of France

Bezedary

La pin de Ver.

Creffan

Amadot

Colmer

St. Germains

St. Andrew

La. Marqueffe

Virgoleufe

Double Flower

St. Marfhall

Winter bon Cretien

Amazell

‘Bon Long

B011 Ruge

Royal Warden

Chad‘iliack

Dr. Uvedal’s great German g
Pear

Perkinfon’s Warden

Ofiober and November
November

November

November

November

November and December
November and December
November and December
Nov. Dec. and 39mm”),
Nov. Dec. and 39m.

Nov. Dec. and 3‘4».

Nov. Dec. and you.

:74”. Feb. and March

3’4». Feb. and Marcb

39m. Feb. Mareb and April
341:. Feb. Moreb and April
Mareb, flpril, May and 31171:
Mare/o, April, Ma and 3mm
Baking, Nov. an Dee.

Baking, from 3'4». t0 yam

Baking, Nov. Dec. &c,

Other Sarto of P E A R s.

PRimat

Musk Robert
Gros Blanquet
Green Chiffell
Windfor Pear
Callio Roth:
Cyprus Pear
Musk Blanquet
Robine

Hamden’s BurgamOt
Green Field

La Chafiéry

 

Mouille Bouche
Queen Catherine
Spanifh bon Cretien
Ambret

Chrifliana or Crifan
Royal d’ Huyver
Bloody Pear
Spanifh Warden
Pear Lewis

Pound Pear

Squafh Pear

Sirean Pear

PEACHES

L4 CATALOGUE OfFRUITS

PEACHE$

BRown Nutmeg
White Nutmeg
Early Tipfon Peach
Early Ann Peach
Royal Ann Peach
Early Royal Peach
Early Admirable
Smith’s Newington
Old Newington
Royal Newington
Red Magdalen
Bell Chevereufe
Yellow Alberge
Bourdeaux, or Man Peach
Chancellor Peach
Rumbullion
White Magdalen
Montauban
Van Guard
Noblefs Peach
Sion Peach
Golden Peach
Nivet Peach
Musk Violet
Double Montague
Dutch Scarlet '
Doeger Peach
Pafque Peach
Millet’s Minion
Amber Peach '
Orange Peach
Purple Royal Peach
New Orleans
Perfick Peach
Carlifle Peach
Lifle Peach
Brocafs’s large yellow Peach
Belgard Peach
Minion True
Bloody Peach
Double-flowering Peach
Large purple Pavie
Late Admirable

 

Late Royal

Dr‘gon Peach, like the Admi-
rable :

Katherine Peach.

NECTARINES.

EArly Nutmeg
Violet Hatif

Minion

Brugnon

Elruge

Vannafli

Murrey

Red Roman

Newington

Peterborough’s Italian

Italian

Arabian

Geneva

Scarlet,
Stone

French Nectarine

Late Green

Late Yellow, or Temple’s N ec-

‘ tarine

conde’s Yellow Neélarine.

Parts clean from the

A'Pnlcocxs.

MAfculine
. Orange
Bredau "
Algere
Roman
Bruxelles
Tranfparent
Brocas’s large Turkey
Bell Bearer

Several Curious Sort: of
" P L U M B s.

PRune Joan Hatifl’
Musk Violet

Morocco
I i 4- Chafoon

'11 C)! TALOGUE afFRUITS.‘

Chafoon, or Matchlel‘s

Blue Perdrigon

Fotheringham

Black Orleans

Forheringhall

White Orleans

Green Gage

La Royal

William de Roy

Blue Primordian

Queen Dowager

White Perdrigon

Mirabolon, or French Nutmeg

Drap d’ Or.

Mufcle Plumb

Abricot Plumb

Sheen Plumb

Imperial Plumb

Wheaten Plumb

Damask de Tours

Queen Mother

Mirabolon

Roche Corboon

Rein Claude

Black Pear Plumb

White Damafon, for preferv-
1n

Wrggnia Cherry Plumb

Maitre Claud

Bullock’s Heart

Black Damafon

. White St. Catherine

Pomgranate Plumb

White Pear Plumb

Imperatus ; hangs long

Prune Plumb

Chril‘tmafs Plumb,
Crack

Simiano,‘ an Italian Plumb.

or Winter

QlfiiE'RRIES.

EArly May
May Duke

Late Duke

Arch Duke

 

Flemilh

Clulter Cherry
Lukeward '

White Heart

Black Heart

Red Heart

Marfh’s White Heart
Imperial

Italian Mazord
Bleeding Heart
Morello

Amber Heart

OX Heart

Carnation Red
Morocco

Gaskin’s Heart Cherry
Fm. er’s White.

Several Sort: of V I N E S,

I WHite Mufcadine
Black Mufcadinei

July Grape
Burgundy Grape
Early Clufler Grape
White Sweet-Water
Black Sweet-Water
Large black Clufier
Darbous Grape
Parfly-leav’d Grape
Claret Grape
Currant Grape
White Frontiniack‘

. Black F rontiniack

Grifly Frontiniack
Hefperian Grape
Large Blue Grape
Large Burlae White.
Brick Grape
Black Mufcat
Renraw, from Hamborough
Strip’d Grape ’
Warner Grape, from Hambo-
rough
Blue Van Guard
St. Peter’s Grape
Cryfial

1 CATALO'GUE of'FRUth.

Cryi’tal Grape

Black Raifin

White Raifin

Greek Grape, or Mufcat '
Black Bon. '

CURRANT$

LArge White Dutch Currant
Common White Currant
Large Red Dutch Currant
Common Red Currant

Late Red Currant,

Murrey, or Champaigne

Black Currant

Strip’d Currant

Currant with Goofeberry-Leaves
Engliih-wild Currant.

Scz'eral fine Sort: of G o 0 SE-
B E R u r E s.

LArge Green Early
Large White Hairy

Large fmooth White

Large Scarlet

Large hairy Green, late ripe

Rafpberry Goofeberry

Damafon Goofeberry

Large Crimfon

Large Walnut Godfeberry, yel-

low

White Dutch

Amber hairy

Hairy Globe

Common Yellow

Old Blackfmith

Murrey Goofeberry

Walnut Goofeberry, black

Strip’d Goofeberry

Ramboulon Goofeberry

Cryftal Goofeberry

Musk Goofcberry

Champaigne Goofeberry.

RASPBERRIES.

LArge White Dutch Rafpberry
Common White Rafpberry

Hatif Red Rafpberry

Common Red Rafpberry.

BARBERRIES.

LArge White Barberry
Barberry without Stones

Common Red Barberry

Canady_Barberry.

STRAWBERRn-zs.‘

ENglifh or Wood Strawberry
White Strawberry

Scarlet Strawberry.

Hautboy Strawberry

Red fided flat Strawberry.

MULBERRIES.

BLack Mulberry
White Mulberry.

' QUINCES.

APple Quince
Pear Quince
New-England Quince.

MEDLARS.

Utch Medlar
Dwarf Wild Medlar
Common Medlar
True Service
Wild Service -
Lazeroli, or Neapolitan Medlat
Lazeroli, with Red F ruit.‘

Several

:4 CATALOGUE of Friar-rs:

Several Sort: of FIG 5.

LArgc, Blue Fig

Early, round, Blue Fig
Early, round, VVhiteFig '
Large \Vhite Fig

Royal Grey Fig

Mnrrey Fig

Italian Fig

Brunfwick Red Fig.

VVALNUT$

Lufier Walnut
Large French Walnut
Early Walnut
Black Walnut, from Virginia

Dwarf Walnut, from Virginia.

CHESNUTS.

Paniih Chefnut
Ditto, with firip’d Leaves.

ALmonne
Ruit-bearing Almond, with

Pearl: colour’d Flowers
Ditto, with White Flowers.

NUTS.

WHite Filbert
Red Filbert
Large Cob- Nut.

Large Spanifh- Nut
Carolina Tuft- Nut.

BRAMBLE&

Ommon Bramble
Bramble with White Fruit
Virginia Bramble.

 

THE

I NDEX

To the Second VOLUME, tettteitting the Tertieular:
therein treated of, whzeh are to he found in the
fame alfhahetical Order a": they are here fit

down.
M

Aches, fee
Maskets.
Madder
Malabar Nut, fee
Adhatoda
Malleolus
Mallows
Malt Dull:
Maple
Maracoc, fee Paf-
fion F lower
March
Marjoram
Marle
Martagons
Marvel of Peru
Marygolds
African Marygolds
Double Marygolds
Fig Marygolds', fee
Ficoides, and alfo
in the Supplement
French Marygold
Maskets, or Corn
Sallad

Mafletwort

Maternus

Matted

Maudlin, or Coafi
Mary

MaXCchittle, fee
Scarlet Jeffaminc

May

Meadow Saffron

Medlars

IVledulla

Melianthus

Melons

Melon Thil‘tle, or’E-
chinomelocaélios

Melonry

Mezercon

Microfcope

Mildew

Minerals

Mint

Mifletoe

Moly, or wild Gar-
lick

Monopetalous

Monopyreneous

Montigenous

Mofl‘es

Motherwort

Mould

Mucilage

Mucilagiuous

lVIulberry

Mulleins

Multifiliquous

Multipetalous, fee
Supplement

Mummy

Mummy for Exo-
ticks

Vegetable Mummy

Garden Mummy

Mufcipula, or Catch
Flie

Mufcofity

Mufcous

Mulhrooms

Mufiard

Myrtles.

N

Aked Seeds
Narciflus

71‘
1‘1...

fl

}

YZe INDEX.

Nafturees, or Capu-
chin Capers

Nature

Natural

Natural Faculty

Natural Philofophy

N ebulofe

Neétarines

Nemoral

N emorofe

Nemoroiity

Nerium,feeOleander

Nerves

Nigella, fie Fennel
Flower

N ight-lhade, or Mar-
vel of Peru

Shrub Night—made

Night~lhade Tree

Nitre

Nitrous

Nodofe

Nodofity

Noli me Tangere

Nonefuch

Northern Afpeét '

Novemlyer

Nueiferous

Numerofity

Nurfery for Fruit
Trees

0

A K
Ever-green
Oak, or Ilex
Oblong
Occident
Occidental
Oceident Hiliival .
Oceident quuinoc-
tial

Oeeident Hybernal
Oflobcr
Oeulation

Oculus

OCUIUS Chrifti, or
After

Odoriferous

Oleaginous

Oleander

Olives

Onions

Sea Onions

Orach

Orange Trees

Orchard

Orient

Oriental

Orient [Equinoétial

Orient fEflival

Orient Hybernal

Ornithogalon

Oiliele

Oliers .

Oviparous

OX—Eye, or Buph-
thalmon,

P

Aled
Palms

Panniele
Panfies
Papilionaceous
Pappofe
Pappus
Paralitie‘al Plants
Par-fley
Stone. Parflcy
Royal Parfley
Parnaflus
Parfiiips
Parterre

Pafqne Flower, or

Pnlfatilla
Paflion Flower
Peach Tree
Catalogue of Peaches
Pear Tree

Catalogue of Pears

Peas

Everlafiing Peas

Pedicle

Pelliele

Pellitory of 25:
Wall

Pendants

Pendulous

Pennated

Penny Royal

Pentapetalous

Peony

Perdifols

Perennial _

Perfeél Flowers

Perforated

Pcriploca, or Peru-n
loca

Perewincle

Perfonati

Petals

Phylliréa

Phytology

Picea, or Pitch-
Tree

Piceafier

Pilofity

Pimpernel

Pinching

Pine Tree

Pine Apple, fie A-
nana

Pinks

Indian Pinks

German Pink

Poets Pinks

Pinnated

Pipe Tree, fee Sy~
ringa

Pifmires

Pillaehio

Pil’tillum

Pitchumen

Planifolious

Seminal Plants

Plant-

TbeJND ax.

Planting »
Reverfe Planting
Plalhck
Platanus
Plume
Plum Tree
Catalogue of Plums
Virginian Poke
Polyanthos
Polypetalous
Polypyreneus
Polyfpermous
Pomegranate Tree
Pomit‘erous Plants
Pomit‘erous Trees
Poplar
Poppies
Porraceous
Portico
Pot‘toes '
Potting of Plants
London Pride
Primordian
Primrofes
Primrofe Tree
Italian green Privet
Procumhent
Prolifick
Pruniferous
Pruning ofTrces
Ptarmica
Pudica Planta
Pulpous
Pumpions, or Pum-
kins
Purple Flower Gen-
tle.
Purllain
Pyracantha.
Q
Ueens Gilliflow-
er
Qt: lei. —beam
leiL‘ii
Quince Tree

Quincu'nx Order.
R

Acemiferous
Radiate ‘

Radicate
Radicle
Radilhes
Horfe-Radilh
Rain
Rainbow

‘ Ramification

Rampions

Ranunculus

To Rarefy

Rasberries

Water Rats

Recumbent

Refrigerate

Regerminate _

Rhubarb

Rhus, Rhoe, Es’c.

Refiniferous

Ricciolus .

Ripening of Fruit

Rocamboles

Rocket

Double floweredRo-
cket'

Roots

Graftin Roots

Multiplgying Trees
by Roots

Rorid

Roriferous

Rofe Trees

Monthly Rofe

Double yellow Rofe

Double white Rofe

Damask Rofe

Indian Role

Striped Rofe

Roxemary

Rue

Rugofe

Rugofity

Rural

S
SAffron Flower
’ Sa e
Sagitta
Saline
Sallow

Salfify, or Gum
Beard
Spani/b Salfify
Salt
Samphire
Sand
Sap .
Circulation of Sap
Sarculation
Satyrion
Savin
Savory
Saxafrals
Saflafrafi
Scabious
Scorlonera
Scrupofe
Scrupofity
Scurvy Grafg
Scutcheon
Seathrift
Sedum
Seeds
Segment
Sellery
Semeniferous
Semififiular
Seminal
Seminary
Seminary for 17mg;
Trees
Seminate
Senna
Senfible
Senfitive g P lants
alfo in the 31194
plement.
Senfifive
Sap.

\

lee I N .D E X.

Septeméer Strawberries Tri Madam
Septit‘olious Stone-crop Tree Tu erofe .
Serene Weather Style Tuberofity
Side Saddle Flow- Stoyes Tube Rofes

ers Subterraneous Tuberous Plants
Sideration Succory Tubulous'
Siliqua Succulent Tulips
Siliquous Succulency Tulip Tree
Silver Buf‘n Sulphureous Tunicle
Sives Sumach Turf
Skirets Summit Turgefcence
Smallage Sun Turgid
Snake Weed Superficies‘ Turnips
Snap Dragon Surculofe
Sneeze~wort Surculoiity V
Show, a/fi in the Surface

Supplement Sweet Bafil Alerian
Snow—drops Sycamore Vaporiferous
Soils Sylvatick Vapours, and 41/523!
Solflice. _ Syringa. t/ae Supplement
Summer Solfiice Variegated
Winter Solf’tice T Variegation of Plants
Solomon’s Seal Vafculiferous
Sorrel Amarisk _ Vafes
Southernwood Tanners Bark Vegetables
Sow Bread Tanfey Vegetation
Spaizi/IJ Broom Tarragon Vepricofe
Spider, in t/ac Sup- Tergifoetous Verge

plement. Terrafl'es Vermiculation
Spider-wort Terrene Vermiparous
Spinnage Terrefl‘ria‘l Verinivorous—
Spine Tctrapetalous Vernal
Spinofity Thermometer Verticillate
Spinous Melon Thiflle Vines
Spontaneous Torch Thillle Catalogue of Grapes
Squafhcs Glaflenbury ThOrn Vineyards
Squils Thorn Apple Wine of Grapes
Stamina Thunder Cultivating of We'll
Stamineous Thuriferous Vines
filrlrz'vpim Star Thyme Violets .

Flower Toad Flax Violets Morian
Statues Tobacco Double Virgin’s
Stellatc Tomentofe Bower _
Steril ’T‘omentum ,. Virginian Climber
Sterility Trani‘plantin‘g Trees Umbelliferous
Stock July, or Gil— 'l‘mnfportation of Umbrife‘tous'

liflowers

Plants

Uma‘

Umbrofe
Umbrofity
Uniform
Urine

W

Alks
Walls

Wall Flowers
Wallnut Tree
Wafps
Watering
Water Plants
Wax
Weather

Wharles

Sweet Williams
Willows
French WilloWs
Winds

Winter

Winrer Cherries
Winter Flowers
Withy
Wood-Bind
Wolfs Bane
Worms.

Supplement.

nghrening
Multipetalous

FINIS.

97» INDEX;

Rain
Senfible Plants
Snow
Spiders
Tegument
Tenure
Thunder
Trunk
Tube
Turbinated
Vapours
Water
Weather.

 

 

3 0 O K S Printed for CHARLES RI'VING:
T o N at the Bible and Crown in St. Paul’s Church
Yard. . -

I. D R. Radclifi'e’s Practical Difpenfatory: Containing a completé

Body of‘ Prefcriptions, fitted for all Difeafes internal-and
external, digefted ‘under proper Heads; feleaed I. From various
Authors. ll. From the bell: Prefcriptio‘ns chiefly ufed by Dr. Rad-
cliffe, regularly placed under each Corollary. III. An exact Cata.
logue of all the Prefcriptions recited in the London, Bates’s, and FadL
Zer’s Dil‘penfatories ; with Remarks and Obfervations, explaining the
Virtues and right Application of each Receipt; and a large In-
dex to the whole. By Edward Shot/Jar, M. D. The fourth
Edition.

II. Euodia : Or a Difcourfe on Caufcs/in Cures: In two Parts.
The Firfl; contains a ' {hort and eafy Method how to difcover the
Califes of any Difeafe. The Second gives plain Inflruétions how to
proceed in the Cure of all, but more particularly complicated Dif-
eafes. The fecond Edition, carefully corrected, with Additions. By
Edward Strotber, M. D.

III. Criticon Febrium : Or a critical Efl'ay on Fevers; with the
Diagnofticks and Methods of Cure, in all the different Species of
them. To which is prefix’d a large Introduction concerning the
Ufe and Abufe of the Mathematicks in Phyfick, and the Bafis on
which Indications are founded : Where alfo the Euodz'a Medicorum is
annex’d. By Edward Strat/Jer, IVI. D. The {econd Edition carefulf
ly revis’d and corrected with Additions and a large Index.

IV. Experienc’d Meafures how to manage the {mall Pox; and
Differtations upon the lngraftment of that Dileale. By Edward
, Strotber, M. D. The l‘econd Edition correéted: With a new Pref
fatory Addrefs to the [now/arm's.

V. Mechanical Effays on the animal Oeconomy : Wherein, not
only the Conduct of Nature, in animal Secretion, but Senfation and
human Generation are dillinétly confider’d and anatomically ex-
plain’d: As allb the particular Manner of the Operation of'a Medi-
cine is accounted for, and many other curious and uncommon Subs
jea‘s are treated 0F: Necefl‘ary for all that Rudy Nature, and particu-
larly thofe that make Phyfick or Surgery their Practice. With a
Catalogue or; the Authors confulted thro’ the whole. By 7mm:
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