TENTATIVE REVISED
General Construction Safety Orders
Issued by the
Industrial Accident Commission
of the
State of California
Public hearings on the following Tentative Revised General Construction Safety Orders will be held as follows: In the offices of the Industrial Accident Commission, State Building, Civic Center, San Francisco, on August 8, 1923, at 10:00 o’clock a.m.; in Room 908 Pacific Finance Building, Los Angeles, on August 15, 1923, at 10:00 o’clock a.m.
These Orders are to Supersede the General Construction Safety Orders of January 15, 1918
California State Printing Office Frank J. Smith, Superintendent Sacramento, 1923
25390INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
525 Market Street, San Francisco
908 Pacific Finance Building, Los Angeles
Will J. French, Chairman,
A. J. PlLLSBURY,
John W. Carrigan.
H. M. Wolflin, Superintendent of Safety J. J. Rosedale, Chief Construction Engineer.TENTATIVE REVISED GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY ORDERS.
Preface.
Sections 33 to 54, inclusive, of the Workmen's Compensation, Insurance and Safety Act. Chapter 58(). Laws 1017, give the Industri:# Accident Commission power to make and enforce safety orders, rules and regulations, to prescribe safety devices, to fix standards and to require the reporting of injuries.
The General Construction Safety Orders, now in force, effective January 15. 101 s. were adopted by the Industrial Accident Commission during lhe year 1017. Prior to the adoption of these orders the Committees held a number of meetings and drafted Tentative General Construction Safety Orders. The Commission then hold two public hearings upon them, one in San Francisco and one in Los Angeles, and thereafter adopted them as its safety regulations. The orders wore drafted by the following committees:
San Francisco Committee on General Construction Safety Orders.
Sylyaix Scii.xaittaojier (chairman), architect, representing the American Institute of Architects.
F. T. Tiltrstox (vice-chairman), consulting and constructing engineer, representing the San Francisco Association of Members of American Society of Civil Engineers.
Lons Bailky. inspector of buildings, representing the Board of Public Works of San Francisco.
R< l>r<‘xcntinff ihc Bnilrfinfi 'I'railcs Einplayers Association:
Charles Wriuiit, T. W. McClexattax. general contractors: IL .7. Ralstox. steel contractors:
Emil Hoc hero, bricklaying contractors;
.T. J. Coxxoi.ly. plastering contractors ;
Russell IIixtox. master painters.4
General Construction Safety Orders.
Representing the Building Trades Council:
Paul Abel, structural iron workers ;
Walter English, bricklayers;
Jos. Kiernan, plasterers;
Jas. A. MacDonald, stone masons;
X. II. McLean, carpenters;
William Wolf, painters ;
Lawrence Flaherty, cement workers.	*
Representing the Industrial Accident Commission:
J. J. Rosedale, safety engineer;
John R. Brownell (secretary), superintendent of safety.
Los Angeles Committee on General Construction Safety Orders.
J. J. Backus (chairman), chief inspector of buildings, city of Los Angeles, representing the Board of Public Works.
G. W. Saurret (vice-chairman), superintendent of construction Llewellyn Iron Works, Los Angeles, representing the Merchants' and Manufacturers’ Association.
II. M. Scott, safety inspector, California Inspection Rating Bureau, representing the Casualty Underwriters Association of Southern California.
A. R. Walker, architect, representing the American Institute of Architects.
C. L. Peck, building contractor, representing the Engineers and Architects Association.
Burdett Moody, civil engineer, representing the American Society of Civil Engineers in Los Angeles.
A. J. Werner, engineer, Baker Iron Works, representing the Merchants’ and Manufacturers’ Association.
Representing the Master Builders' Association:
Erick Lund, concrete construction contractors;
R. I>. Gould, carpenters.Industrial Accident Commission.
5
Representing the Builders? Exchange: m
W. E. Stradley, brick and stone contractors;
J. J. O'Connor, plastering contractors;
It. L. Mertz, painting contractors.
Representing the Building Trades Council:
It. D. Bland, bricklayers;
M. L. Holmes, iron w orkers;
II. J. Henry, painters;
It. C. Porter, carpenters;
.T. II. Williams, hoisting engineers;
C. A. IIanna, plasterers.
Representing the Industrial Accident Commission:
Jj. A. Pockman, safety engineer;
II. L. Boyd (secretary), safety engineer.
Acknowledgment is made of the assistance rendered by A. II. Crane, powder expert, Hercules Powder Company ; Edwin Higgins, consulting safety and efficiency engineer. 1100 Merchants National Bank Building. San Francisco, and H. M. Wolflin, mining engineer, United States Bureau of Mines, Underwood Building, San Francisco, who aided in the preparation of the orders relative to the use and handling of explosives.
In 1020, the Commission requested representatives of various interests to serve on a committee to revise these General Construction Safety Orders. After numerous committee meetings, the revisions submitted below were completed in tentative form, by the following committees:
Revisions Committees.
San Francisco.
Clarence M. Moore (chairman), general contractor, representing the General Contractors Association.
Charles Wright, general contractor, representing the General Contractors Association.6
General Construction Safety Orders.
Syi.vain SenxaittaohKR. architect, rep'resenting the American Institute of Architects.
J. 1’. IIokuax, chii'f building inspector, representing the Board of Public Works of San Francisco.
A. .7. (1 it IKK. civil engineer, rei)resent ina the San Francisco Section, American Society of Civil Engineers.
Walter N. Keep. representina the Mason and Building Association.
Waiter A. Chowex. manaaer Califoniia Inspection Katina Kureau. representing the California Inspection Katina Kureau.
ItiinTSCntinff the Ituilderx' ll.reha niie of Hun 1' i a neixeo:
Id Mil. I IouitERU, hricklayina contractors;
Wii.i.iam C. ( Kemper. plastering contractors :
Kesseei. Hinton. painting contractors ;
.7. CL WI l.i.IA M s, structural steel contractors:
S. 1 >. Lh Clair, hoisting engineers.
]{ci>rcs< ntiufi the Rnildinff Trades Council:
George L. McTauee. structural iron workers:
Charles Noonan, bricklayers;
Thomas Boyle. cement workers;
N. FI. Mi I.Kan. carpenters;	m
7'. L, QUONSTROM:, sheet metal workers;
Victor Swanson, hoisting engineRRi]
Edward McOtK, elevator constructors;
,7. K. Hopkins, painters,
ttepretenting the l adust rial An-idcut Commission:
II. M. WoI.fi.Ix, superintendent of safety;
W. < >. Witherspoon, construction engineer:
.7. .7. Koseuai.e (secretary), chief construction enaineer.
Los Angeles.
Kohert P. Miller (chairman), vice-president Fniou Iron Works, represent ing the I .os Angeles Section, American Society of Civil Fnaineers.
,7. .7. Backus, chief inspector of buildings, City of Los Angeles, representing the Board of Public Works.Industrial Accident Commission.
7
O. W. Moruan, aRHtect, representing the American Institute of Architects.
A. J. Werner, structural engineer, representing the Merchants’ and Manufacturers’ Association, Los Angeles.
WhyMopt11 Crowell, contractor, representing Associated General Contractors.
J. E. 1 >howder, superintendent Southern California District, California Inspection Hating Bureau. representing the Casualty Underwriters Association of Southern California.
Reptfwt nting the Building Trades ('ouncil:
(ieorce W. Nelson, electrical workers;
II. Sc11Anz. painters:
F. W. Melville, carpenters:
.V. G. Work, plumbers:
Francis Wright, floor layers:
John McCarthy, sheet metal workers.
Re grcs<nting the Builders' Exchange:
Arthur Pinner, brick contractors:
.Tames W. Pattillo. hrick contractors;
Charles C. Havens, lumber dealers.
Representing the Jndlisti ial Accident ('omniission :
T. W. Osuood. assistant superintendent of safety ;
L. K. Beiniiardt, construction engineer;
J. J. Posedale (secretary), chief construction engineer.8
General Construction Safety Orders.
Sub-Committees on Oxy-Acetylene, Gas Welding and Cutting Processes on Construction and Demolition
Work.
San Francisco.
J. G. Williams (chairman), representing J. G. Williams Construction Company.
P. C. McDonald, representing Building Trades Council of California.
D. J. Will, representing California Compressed Gas Company.
IIall Hoe, representing Prest-O-Lite Company and Linde Air Products Company.
J. B. Hirst, representing Prest-O-Lite Company and Linde Air Products Company.
J. B. Ford, representing Oxweld Acetylene Company.
George L. McTacue* representing bridge and structural iron workers.
Representing Industrial Accident Commission:
It. L. Hemingway, chief boiler inspector:
W. O. Witherspoon, construction engineer;
.J. .T. IvOsedale, chief construction engineer (secretary).
Los Angeles.
ItouKHT P. Miller (chairman), representing the Los Angeles Section, American Society of Civil Engineers.
II. A. Durant, representing the Baker Iron Works.
Joseph X. Smith, representing the Oxweld Acetylene Company.
^ J. A. Thomas, representing the Llewellyn Iron Works.
Representing the Industrial Accident Commission:
A. Wade, mechanical engineer:
J. J. IIosedale (secretary), chief construction engineer.Industrial Accident Commission.
9
TENTATIVE REVISED GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SAFETY ORDERS.
Order 1100. Application.
These orders shall apply to the construction, alteration, repairing renovating:, removal or wrecking of buildings or other structures within this State.
Order 1101. Definitions.
(a)	Direct Contractor. The term “Direct Contractor’* refers to the party or parties under contract direct with the owner or lessee for any portion of the work.
(b)	General Contractor. The term “General Contractor” refers to a direct contractor who contracts for a major portion or portions of the work.
(c)	Subcontractor. The term “Subcontractor” means the person or persons under contract with a direct contractor to perform certain portions of work in connection with the construction. alteration, repairing, removal or wrecking of any building or other structure.
(d)	Superintendent. The term “Superintendent” means the executive in immediate responsible charge as representative of any contractor or owner or lessee of the construction, alteration, repairing, renovating, removal or wrecking of any building or other structure.
(e)	Foreman. The term “Foreman” in these orders refers to a person or persons in immediate charge of a group of workmen.
Order 1102. Employer’s Responsibility.
(a) Every Employer, Direct Contractor, General Contractor, Subcontractor, or any other person or persons in charge of any place of employment to which these orders apply, shall be responsible for carrying out the provisions of these orders.
Order 1103. Employee’s Responsibility.
(a) Every employee shall use all safeguards, safety devices or appliances furnished him for his protection, and shall carry out all safety orders which pertain to his work.m
General Construetion Safety Orders.
Orders 1104, 1105, 1106 and 1107.
Note:	These orders have been printed in a separate pamphlet
under the heading “General Construction Safety Orders Relating to the Storage and Use of Explosives.” Copies of the above orders will be mailed upon request.
Order 1108. Reports to the Department of Safety.
(a) Every general contractor, direct contractor and subcontractor within the State coining within the provisions of these orders, shall forward to the Department of Safety, Industrial Accident Commission, not later than the 20th day of April of each year, a detailed report in writing upon form supplied in said request, giving total number of men employed and the total payroll for the previous calendar year.
Order 1109. Excavations.
(a) All excavations shall be guarded by shoring and bracing or underpinning, or otherwise retained as may be necessary to prevent the sides from caving in.
Order 1110. Electrical Equipment.
(a) All electrical fixtures and equipment used on construction work shall be safeguarded as specified in the Electrical Utilization Safety Orders.
Order 1111. Machinery.
(a) All machinery used on construction work shall be guarded as specified in the General, Woodworking, and Logging and Sawmill Safety Orders.
Order 1112. Removal of Safeguards or Safety Devices.
(a) No employer, employee or other person shall remove or make ineffective any safeguard, safety device or safety appliance which is in use, except for the purpose of making repairs or adjustments; and any person or persons who remove or make ineffective such safeguard, safety device or safety appliance for repairs or adjustments, shall replace the same immediately upon the completion of such repairs or adjustments.Industrial Accident Commission.
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Order 1113. Construction Towers.
(a)	All towers used on construction work shall rest upon solid foundations and all wooden members shall be securely nailed or bolted.
(b)	All materials, except the cage or bucket guides, shall be select common Oregon pine or equal. The cage or bucket guide shall be clear, straight grained Oregon pine or equal, free from knots and other defects.
(c)	The sizes of the various members in towers shall consist of lumber as specified in the following table:
			1 g	Horizontal		
Capacity	(	’orner posts		cross	ties	<£ Q ÎÛ 2.
’Bucket or live load of						
builders’ cages	X p to	1 T’p to | Over	§3	X P to	Over	! £o
	T'a feet	125 feet 125 feet		50 feet	50 feet	
	high	high high	|	high 1	high	1
nM lb. engp	4x4	I I 4x4 1 4x4	3	1x6		6
5 (‘ii. yd. or 1000 lb. cage-	4x4	I 4x6 6x6	3	1x6		§
5 cu. yd. or 2000 lb. cage.	4 x G	6x6 6xS	4	2 x 6	2x6	8
1 cu. yd. or 4000 lb. cage.	G x G	1 6 x 8 ! S x S	4	2x6	2 x 6	S
(cl) Not more than two (2) cross ties shall be removed from any panel point in the tower at any one time and never from two consecutive panels.
(e)	The diagonal cross bracing shall be at least one by six (1 x 6) inches for all towers and shall occur on each of the four (4) sides of the tower and between each tier or horizontal cross ties except at loading and unloading platforms, in which case some other bracing of equivalent strength shall be provided.
(f) The splices of corner posts shall be made with square butt joints and with at least two (2) pads or scabs on the adjacent sides. The pads or scabs shall be the same width as the corner posts and not less than two (2) inches in thickness, and must extend at least two (2) feet on each side of the joint.
(g-) All towers shall be securely tied to the building or anchored with cables so as to prevent them from swaying or tipping.12	Genera! Construction Safety Orders.
(h)	Whenever towers are independent of the building, they shall be anchored at each corner post every thirty-two (32) feet in height by at least a three-eighths (§) inch cable.
(i)	Where spouting equipment, of whatever kind, is supported by the tower, the tower shall be built in such manner as to safely carry any and all stresses caused by such loads.
(j)	Whenever a boom is supported by the tower, the boom anchor shall be located at a level where guy lines are attached, and the upper fastening of the falls which raise and lower the boom shall be placed at a distance not less than one-half (2) the length of the boom above the boom anchor, and at a level supported by the guys. The guys supporting these two points shall be designed to carry the extra load caused by the boom.
(k)	The hopper brackets on all towers shall be designed and constructed with a safety factor of at least six (6).
(l)	Whenever employees are required to work on the platform of the hopper bracket, a two-rail railing three and one-half (3J) feet high shall be provided around the platform.
Order 1114. Construction Material Elevators.
(a)	No employer shall allow or permit any person to ride in any elevator or hoisting apparatus provided for hoisting material unless such elevator or apparatus be constructed to comply with the requirements of Order 1115 following this order.
(b)	The cage sling frame shall be made of selected timber or structural steel of sufficient strength to safely resist the maximum effort of the hoisting machine.
(c)	The cage platform shall be a solid floor built of wood at least two (2) inches thick and shall be securely braced to the frame.
(d)	Cages shall have unused sides enclosed to a height of forty-two (42) inches with boards or No. 16 U. S. standard gauge wire screen to protect workmen from falling material.
(e)	The cage shall have a covering of not less than No. 16 U. S. standard gauge wire screen, or wooden slats not less than three-fourths (3) of an inch in thickness, and no opening in such covering shall exceed three-fourths (%) of anIndustrial Accident Commission.
13
inch in at least one direction. Such covering shall be hinged near the cross beam and left free to swing upward if caught while cage is descending.
For law regulating the construction, operation, and maintenance of elevators iji buildings during the course of construction (Chap. 275, Stats. 1913, as amended by Chap. 332, Stats. 1921), see appendix, p. 4 9.
(f)	Whenever a material hoist is used and when it becomes necessary for a workman to cross or pass over the cage, some locking device must be provided to prevent the cage from being moved while the workman is crossing or passing over the cage.
(g)	The overhead sheave beams shall be of sufficient size and strength to safely carry twice the maximum weight of cage and contents. They shall be select Oregon pine or equal, and shall be bolted, not nailed, together. In all cases the sheave bearings shall be mounted on top of beams and securely bolted to them and abut against the sheave hub.
(h)	The guide posts shall be made of select Oregon pine or equal, and shall be securely fastened and braced.
(i)	The guide rails shall be made of select Oregon pine or equal, and they shall be securely bolted to the guide posts.
(j)	When cages are used in a tower outside of a building, each landing of all elevators shall be provided with a hinged horizontal bar, or bars, forty-two (42) inches above the floor.
(k)	When cages are used in an elevator shaft inside of a building the landings shall be protected with a solid partition at least six (6) feet high and all openings fitted with doors at least six (6) feet high.
(l)	The minimum requirements for all material elevator sheaves shall be not less than given in the following table:
,,	.	,,	, ,	Diameter Diameter
Diameter of hoisting cable, inches	0f sheave, of axle,
inches	inches
l ------------------------------------------------------------      12	1	3/16
I--------------------------------------------------------------    14	1	7/16
I..............................................................    16	1	11/16
1_________________________________________________________
Note :	Diameter of sheaves shall be measured at bottom of
groove.14	General Construction Safety Orders.
(m)	All sheaves shall be of iron or steel and of sufficient strength to support the loads which they have to carry.
(n)	The grooves of all sheaves shall be smooth and concentric with the axis.
(o)	All sheaves shall have fixed axles of a grade at least equal to mild steel.
(p)	All sheave bearings shall be lined with babbitt or other equivalent bearing metal and shall be provided with ample means for lubrication.
(q)	All hoisting cables shall be not less than crucible steel grade and shall be so constructed of wires and strands of wires as to be equal in flexibility to standard crucible steel hoisting rope composed of six (6) strands of nineteen (19) wires each. No hoisting cable less than one-half Q) inch in diameter shall be used.
(r)	All hoisting cables shall have a factor of safety of at least six (6) based on the ultimate strength as given by the cable manufacturer.
(s)	No cable shall be used in which more than ten (10) per cent of the wires are broken in any one foot of length.
(t)	Cable fastenings shall be substantially and securely made and in such manner as to provide strength equal to the strength of the cable. When fastened with clamps, not less than three (3) such clamps of approved type shall be used. All sharp edges shall be prevented from coming into contact with the cable.
(u)	The contractor or other responsible person using hoisting cables shall provide for frequent and thorough inspection of all cables and fastenings.
(v)	Boilers shall be subjected to annual internal and external inspections in accordance with the Boiler Safety Orders of the Industrial Accident Commission.
(w)	Every hoisting engine shall be equipped with proper brakes to sustain its maximum load in any position.Industrial Accident Commission.	1
(x)	Electric hoists shall have all friction levers, controller handles and foot brakes properly grounded when working parts of the derrick may form a circuit with a live wire.
(y)	Every hoisting* engine, motor hoist and air compressor used in building* construction shall be properly covered over to protect the operator from all falling* material, but nothing shall interfere with the operator’s view of the steam and water gauges.
(z)	Shields or screens shall be provided to protect the operator from coming* in contact with crank, connecting rod, valve rod, steam jam cylinder, gears or other moving parts while he is standing or sitting* at his place of duty.
Order 1115. Construction Material and Man Elevators.
(a)	Whenever it is desired to permit persons to ride upon construction elevators, the provisions of this order and all sections of Order 1114 except sections (d) and (e) shall be complied w'ith.
(b)	Such elevators shall be in charge of experienced operators.
(c)	The cable drum of the hoisting machine shall be rigidly and permanently attached to the driving mechanism. Friction gearing or clutch mechanism shall not be used.
(d)	All hoisting machines shall be provided with an automatic brake of sufficient holding power to prevent rotation of drum in either direction when the power is cut off from the mach ine.
(e)	All hoisting machines shall be provided with an efficient device which will automatically bring the cage to a stop at the top and bottom limits of travel.
(f)	The minimum diameter of all drums and sheaves shall be forty (40) times the diameter of the cable used on them, and speed of cable shall not exceed 200 feet per minute.
Note :	“Wherever the diameter of sheaves and drums are men-
tioned it has reference to the minimum diameter to be used. However, it is recommended that larger sheaves and drums be used.
Ol16
General Construction Safety Orders.
The following table shows the everage life of wire cable when used on various diameters of sheaves or drums:
Crucible steel wire cables for hoisting purposes composed of 6 strands of 19 wires each, with hemp center. All dimensions are in inches.
Diameter of cable	Diameter of		sheaves for	and drums and percentage of various diameters.			life	Minimum diameter of sheave
	100%	90%	80%	T 5 Vo	uU %	50%	•') rf — J c	allowed
1 		96	84	72	65	53	48	42	40
7 6 		90	81	69	60	51	42	36	35
1 		65	54	48	45	39	36	27	30
i		54	48	45	39	36	30	24	25
£	48	36	36	33	27	24	18	20
(g) Cages shall have three sides enclosed to a height of six (6) feet with boards or No. 16 U. S. standard gauge wire screen in a secure and substantial manner.
Order 1116. Qualifications of Hoisting Engineer.
(a) On every construction job where a hoisting machine is used, one or more men shall be appointed as hoisting engineers. Every hoisting engineer shall be able to speak and read the English language readily and shall be physically fit to perform his duties. At all construction jobs where men are hoisted or lowered such hoisting engineers shall be not less than twenty-one years of age and on construction jobs where men are not hoisted or lowered they shall be not less than eighteen years of age. Every hoisting engineer shall be familiar with the details and workings of hoisting machines and no other person than the duly authorized hoisting engineer shall run hoisting engines or machinery on construction work.
Order 1117. Duties of Hoisting Engineer.
The following orders shall be observed by every hoisting engineer employed on construction work within this State:
(a) It shall be the duty of every hoisting engineer to keep a careful watch over his engine and over all machinery under his charge.Industrial Accident Commission.
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(b)	He shall familiarize himself with and use all signal codes for hoisting and lowering as directed to be used in these orders.
(c)	He shall not run his engine unless the same is properly provided with efficient brakes and indicators or distance marks on hoisting ropes or cables.
(d)	It shall be the duty of the hoisting engineer to exclude every person from his engine room or station of duty excepting any person or persons whose duties require their presence therein.
(e)	He shall have no conversation with anyone while his engine is in motion or while attending to signals.
(f)	He shall run his engine with extreme caution whenever men are being hoisted or lowered.
(g-) He shall not operate any hoist at a speed greater than the rate posted at his place of duty.
(h)	He shall make daily inspections of all hoisting machinery and safety appliances connected therewith and report any defects therein to the responsible person in charge of the work, and shall not use said machinery until satisfied that all defects have been remedied.
(i)	He shall familiarize himself with and carry out the requirements of all orders pertaining to the proper discharge of his duties.
(j)	The superintendent, foreman or the responsible person in charge of operations on any construction job coming within these orders shall post a copy of the hoisting engineer’s orders in a conspicuous place at his place of duty.
(k)	Hoisting engineers sh^ll not permit anyone to oil the engine or machine while it is in motion and shall exercise every care for the safety of employees around engines.18
Genera! Construction Safety Orders.
General Safety Order 1118*. Construction Hoisting Signals.
(a)	Bell, whistle or electric signals shall be provided on all elevators, hoists and all other hoisting machines, except hoists for derricks where the hoist operator has a clear and unobstructed view of the derrick and signalman, in which case a manual system of signaling may be used.
(b)	The following signals shall be used on all elevators and hoisting machines:
One bell or whistle, to stop.
Two bells or whistles, to go up.
Three bells or whistles, to go down.
Four bells or whistles, to go slow.
(e) Whenever derricks are used for hoisting structural steel or other materials, the following code of signals shall be used:
One bell, to hoist.
One bell, to stop (if in motion).
Two bells, to lower.
One bell, to raise boom.
Two bells, to lower boom.
Note:	The above signals are used with two different sounding
bells.
If swing lines are used on booms:
Three bells or whistles, shall be to the right.
Three bells or whistles, shall be to stop.
Four bells or whistles, shall be to the left.
(d) A copy or copies of the signal code as designated in sections (b) and (c) of this order, shall be posted in a conspicuous place on each construction job where elevators, hoisting machines or derricks are used.
(e)	All cords, wires or other devices used in connection with signal systems shall be adequately protected in conduits and against unauthorized operation. In cases where electric signals are used, all wiring shall be adequately protected in conduits.
♦Chapter 1132, Laws 11)17, provides that the Industrial Accident • Commission shall prepare by general safety orders a system of signals to be used in the operation of hoists in buildings under construction. The signal code was therefore adopted by the Industrial Accident Commission and is known as General Safety Order ms.Industrial Accident Commission.
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Order 1119. Elevator Shafts.
(a)	All elevator shafts in which the elevators or cages are not in operation, and not enclosed with solid partitions and doors, shall be guarded on all open sides by standard railings and standard toeboards as specified in sections (a) and (b), Order 1141, on Stairwells and Stairs.
(b)	Where there is a car in operation and persons are employed in an adjacent shaft, such cars shall be equipped with a bell or other signal which shall sound a warning while the car is in motion.
(e) During the construction of the walls enclosing the shaft, and the installation of the overhead machinery, overhead protection shall be provided at all times when persons are employed in the shaft.
(d) If one or more elevators are located in the same shaft and one elevator is put into temporary service before the others are completed, such elevator in use shall be separated from the other elevators by a continuous partition of solid material or of wire mesh.
For law protecting- labor engaged in construction work (Penal Code Section 402c, as amended by Chap. 55, Stats. 1921), and also regulation of scaffolding for protection of workmen (Chap. 48, Stats. 1913. as amended by Chap. 333, Stats. 1921), see appendix, pp. 50, 51.
Order 1120. General Requirements for the Construction of Scaffolds.
(a)	Where Required. Scaffolds, as specified in these orders, shall be provided for all work that cannot be done safely by workmen standing on permanent or solid construction, except where such work can be safely done from ladders.
For law regulating inspection of scaffolding, see appendix, p. 52.
(b)	Lumber. All lumber used in the construction and erection of scaffolds shall be sugar pine, spruce, fir, western hemlock or materials of equal strength, and such lumber shall be dressed to uniform size and shall be sound, straight grained, free from such defects as cross-grain, shakes, large and loose knots, dry rot, large checks, brashness or worm holes.
4—2539020
General Construction Safety Orders.
1.	Inspection of Lumber. All lumber shall be inspected before used and shall be capable of supporting at least four (4) times the maximum load which will be imposed upon it.
(c)	Strength of Nails. All nails used in the construction of scaffolds and falsework must be of ample size and length to carry the loads they are intended to support.
1.	Size—Minimum. No nail smaller than eight-penny shall be used in the construction of scaffolding.
2.	Driven Full Length. All nails shall be driven full length.
3.	Bent Nails. The bending over of partly driven nails is prohibited.
4.	Distribution. Sufficient nails must be driven in at each point of the scaffold or falsework so that it will carry all the imposed loads placed thereupon.
(d)	Unsafe Types of Scaffolds Prohibited. Barrels, boxes, loose tile, loose bricks, loose blocks or other similar unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds.
Order 1121. Pole Scaffolds.
DEFINITIONS.
A putlock or putlog is the horizontal piece of material in a scaffold that runs at right angles to the wall and directly supports the planking of the platform.
A ledger is the horizontal stringer which runs from post to post parallel to the building and supports the putlog.
(a) All pole scaffolds intended to be used by all trades except bricklayers, stone masons, stone cutters, concrete workers, structural steel workers and riveters, shall be constructed as follows:	For heights not to exceed thirty-two
(32) feet, the uprights shall be two by four (2x4) inch lumber or heavier, spaced four feet six inches (4'6") from the wall, parallel to it and not more than ten (10) feet center to center. The platform of the scaffold shall be supported by putlogs made of one by six (1 x 6) inch boards or heavier material, laid on edge. The ledgers shall be one by six (1x6) inches,Industrial Accident Commission.
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securely nailed to the uprights directly under the putlogs so as to support same. The scaffold shall be rigidly .braced throughout and every part thereof so secured as to prevent swaying, tipping or collapsing of same. The uprights of the scaffold at the bottom, when resting on a sidewalk, shall be secured to a block or sill to prevent slipping. When resting on the ground, holes four (4) inches to six (6) inches deep shall be dug to receive the foot of each upright. Whenever soft soil is encountered, the uprights shall be secured to mud sills. The platform shall be at least twenty-four (24) inches wide, and shall be made of planks at least two (2) inches thick and not less than eight (8) inches wide, laid directly upon the putlogs, and adequately secured to prevent them from slipping, tipping or collapsing.
Order 1122. Railings and Toeboards.
(a)	Where Required. Railings and toeboards shall be provided on all open sides of scaffolds ten (10) feet or more above the ground except on riveters’ scaffolds.
(b)	Construction. Railings shall not be less than forty-two (42) inches high, made of one and five-eighths by three and five-eighths (1|x3|) inch lumber, with posts every eight (8) feet, or equivalent, and toeboards shall be solid and not less than six (6) inches high except where otherwise specified in these orders.
(c)	Side Screens. If material on a scaffold is piled higher than the toeboard, one-half (J) inch wire mesh or canvas shall be provided between the railing and toeboard.
Order 1123. Bricklayers’, Concrete Workers’ and Stone Masons’ Pole Scaffolds.
(a) Bricklayers', concrete workers' and stone masons’ pole scaffolds for structures up to and including thirty-two (32) feet in height shall be supported by four by four (4 x 4) inch uprights or heavier material, spaced not greater than seven feet six inches (7'6") center to center. The platform shall be at least four (4) feet wide, constructed of planks at least two (2) inches thick, laid closely together and adequately22
General Construction Safety Orders.
secured to prevent them from slipping, tipping or collapsing. The platform shall be supported by putlogs and ledgers, nailed or bolted to the uprights. Putlogs shall be made of either one piece two by six (2 x 6) inches, securely fastened at each point of support, or shall be two pieces one by eight (1 x 8) inches, one being on each side of the uprights and fastened securely at each point of support. The ledger shall be one by eight (1 x 8) inches securely fastened to uprights. A toeboard at least six (6) inches high shall be placed on the outside edges of all bricklayers’, concrete workers’ and stone masons’ pole scaffolds.
(b)	All bricklayers’, concrete workers' and stone masons’ pole scaffolds shall be adequately braced and so constructed as to prevent swaying or collapsing.
Order 1124. Built Up Scaffolds.
(a)	None but skilled workmen shall be employed in the erection of scaffolds, and the work shall be under the supervision of a man who thoroughly understands the dangers that are involved and who knows and will take such precautions as will insure safety.
(b)	No scaffold shall be altered by removing uprights, braces or other supporting members, except under the supervision of the contractor or his foreman. In no case shall the strength of the scaffold be impaired.
(c)	Scaffolds shall not be overloaded. Material shall not be delivered nor allowed to accumulate to such an extent as to subject the scaffold to a load which it is not intended to support.
(d)	Runways or ladders shall be erected to platforms of scaffolds five (5) feet or more in height.
(e)	Where a scaffold passes a wall opening five (5) feet or more above the platform of the scaffold, a two-rail railing three and one-half (3J) feet high with a toeboard at least six (6) inches high shall be*erected across the opening, and where openings are less than five (5) feet the toeboard only shall be provided.Industrial Accident Commission.
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Order 1125. Schedules of Design and Dimensions of Built Up Scaffolds.
(a) The following schedules of design and dimensions shall be used for all scaffolds more than thirty-two (32) feet in height. Materials of different sectional dimensions may be used, but they shall be of equal strength to that given in these schedules. Spacings may be increased if the cross section of the material and the cross-bracing to be used is increased sufficiently to give strength and rigidity equal to that required by the schedules.
(b) Schedules of scaffolds more than thirty-two (32) feet in height.
			Brick-	Stone
	Interior	•General	layers	masons
Uprights—end	 		_ 3" x 4*	3* X 4*	4* X 4*	4* x 6*
Uprights—middle 		3* x 4*	3* x 4"	4" x 4*	4* x G*
Runners or ledgers		1" x 6"	1* x 6*	1" x S"	1" x 8"
Bearers or putlogs		1* x G*	1" X G*	2* x G*	2* x or
Splice pieces		1" x 4"	1* x 4"	1" x 4"	1* x 6"
Braces	 		.. 1* x 6*	1" X 6*	1* x 8*	1* x S*
tSpacing uprights—longitudinal		.10'	yy	7' G*	7' 0"
^Spacing uprights—transverse		10'	4' 6*	4' G*	4' G"
Spacing runners or ledgers—vertical-.	W	10'	7' G"	7' 6*
Railing 		2" x 4"	2* x 4"	2" x 4*	0» ^
Toeboard _ ..	1" x 8"	1" x 8"	1* x S"	1* x 8*
Width of platform		24*	24*	4'	4'
Planking-.____________________________________________2" in thickness by 10* wide
Scaffolds over sixty (60) feet in height:
Plasterers:	End posts 4x4 inches.
Bricklayers:	End posts 4x6 inches half way up.
Stone masons:	End posts 6x6 inches.
Middle posts 4x6 inches.
Scaffolds over eighty (80) feet in height:
General:	End posts 4x4 inches half way up.
Middle posts 4x4 inches half way up.
♦Including carpenters’, plasterers’ and lathers’ scaffolds. ■»■Parallel to direction of platform planks. tAt right angles to platform planks.24
General Construction Safety Orders.
(c) Special adjustable scaffolds:
Special adjustable scaffolds shall be not more than fourteen (14) feet in height and constructed as follows:
Minimum dimensions in inches
Standards or	uprights________________________2x4
Brackets at base of standards________________1 x 6
Braces ________________________________________2x4
Cross pieces	(adjustable)____________________2x8
id) Platforms shall be not less than one and one-half (1J) inches in thickness.
(e)	When a platform is constructed of planks one and one-half (1J) inches in thickness and at least ten (10) inches in width, the distance between supports shall be not more than six (6) feet.
(f)	When a platform is constructed of planks two (2) inches in thickness and at least ten (10) inches in width, the distance between supports shall be not more than ten (10) feet. All lumber shall be straight grained, sound and free from knots, shakes and other defects.
(g)	The cross pieces shall be so constructed as to provide for a single plank platform for masons or bricklayers to stand upon, a double plank platform for tenders, and an elevated plank platform for holding materials.
(h)	Ends, braces and cross pieces shall be bolted with bolts not less than one-half (J) inch in diameter and top of standards shall be banded with three by one-eighth (3 x J) inch band iron.
(i)	All supporting and tie bolts shall be not less than three-quarters (2) of an inch in diameter.
Order 1126. Outrigger Scaffolds.
(a) All outriggers’ scaffolds intended to be used by bricklayers, stone masons or stone cutters, shall be made of sound lumber not less than three by ten (3x10) inches or other approved material of equivalent strength. Such outriggersIndustrial Accident Commission.
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shall not project more than six (6) feet from the outer face of building and shall be substantially braced and secured to prevent tipping or turning. The platforms shall be made of sound Oregon pine or other approved material of equal strength not less than two (2) inches thick, laid close. The outside of the platform shall be provided with a substantial railing of iron or wood, not less than three feet six inches (3'6") high, and provided with a toeboard not less than six (6) inches high. The space between the toeboard and the railing shall be filled in with canvas or wire netting of not more than one-half (J) inch mesh.
(b) Figure four, or light outriggers’ scaffolds:
1.	Whenever figure four or light outrigger scaffolds are used to project through windows or other openings, said figure four or light outrigger scaffolds shall be spaced not more than eight (8) feet apart, and shall be constructed of sound lumber, and as follows:
2.	For openings up to six (6) feet in height, two by four (2x4) inch uprights or heavier material shall be used. For openings greater than six (6) feet in height, two by six (2x6) inch or heavier uprights shall be used.
3.	All putlogs or ledgers shall be at least one by six (1 x 6) inch lumber and shall project at least four feet six inches (4'6") from the outside wall line. The putlogs and ledgers shall be securely fastened or nailed to uprights. The knee or angle brace shall intersect putlogs or ledgers at least four (4) feet from the wall, and shall intersect uprights as close to the sill level as possible. All joints and parts thereof must be adequately secured to prevent collapsing.
4. A one by six (1 x 6) inch spreader shall be nailed at the upper end of uprights and heels shall be securely blocked to floor by at least two (2) inch blocks. Figures shall be braced on the outside to prevent swaying, tipping or collapsing.
5.	All platforms shall be made of at least two by eight (2x8) inch planks and shall be at.least two (2) feet wide.26
General Construction Safety Orders.
Order 1127. Horse Scaffolds.
(a)	All horse scaffolds shall not be more than sixteen (16) feet in height. All horse scaffolds shall be substantially constructed of sound lumber and braced internally and externally and the platform laid tight and adequately secured to prevent it from slipping, tipping or collapsing.
(b)	All horses used for scaffolds shall be kept in good repair.
(c)	The platform shall not be less than one and three-fourths (1J) inches in thickness and the distance between supports shall not exceed eight (8) feet. There shall be no opening in platforms excepting those necessary for passage of workmen and material.
(d)	All platforms shall be at least four (4) feet in width.
(e)	Any platform of a horse scaffold ten (10) feet or over in height shall be provided on the outside edge with a toeboard made of at least a one by eight (1 x 8) inch board set on edge.
(f)	Horses for scaffolds shall be constructed as follows:
Minimum dimensions in inches
Bearers	or	header__________________________2x4
Legs _________________________________________2 x 3
Cross braces__________________________2x3 or 1 x 8
Diagonal	braces_______________________________2x3
(g)	Materials of different sectional dimensions may be used if of strength equal to that given. All braces except the one immediately under the header must be bolted securely with three-eighths (§) inch bolts.
Order 1128. Erection of Wooden Trusses.
(a)	All wooden trusses must be well braced laterally, preferably by a bracing truss, to prevent overturning while under construction.
(b)	All planks used for walkways between trusses shall not be less than two by twelve (2 x 12) inch lumber and said walkways shall be twenty-four (24) inches in width. The use of roof purlins less than the size mentioned above for the useIndustrial Accident Commission.
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as walkways between trusses shall not be permitted unless intermediate supports are provided.
(u) The size of planks and distance between support shall be governed by the following table:
			Size of	Span
		Material	plank,	allowed,
			inches	feet
Douglas	fir, straight	grain.				 2 X C»	0
Douglas	fir, straight	grain			 2x8	8
Douglas	fir, straight	grain	 		2 x 10	10
Douglas	fir, straight	grain.— ___ 			 2x12	12
Douglas	fir, straight	grain			 2 x 14	14
Order 1129. Bricklayers’ or Masons’ Suspended Scaffolds.
(a)	The thrustouts shall be equal in strength to six (6) inch 12.25 lb. I-beams, and they shall be supported laterally at a point near the center of their length.
(b)	The platform shall be suspended by cables at least equal to three-eighths (g) inch diameter standard crucible steel hoisting cable, secured to the thrustouts and to each end of the putlog or hoisting machine. All working parts of hoisting machines shall be exposed at all times so that defective parts can be easily seen and inspected. Only machines which have been approved by the Industrial Accident Commission shall be used.
(c)	Putlogs may be of wood, provided they are equal in strength to four by four (4x4) inch straight-grained Oregon pine timber, free from knots that affect the strength of the wood.
(d)	The putlogs and thrustouts shall be spaced not more than eight (8) feet center to center.
(e)	The platform shall be not less than four (4) feet wide, and made of not less than two (2) inch planks laid tight and adequately secured to prevent them from slipping, tipping or collapsing.
(f)	The outside of the platform shall be provided with a substantial railing of iron or wood, at least three feet six inches (3'6") high, and provided with a toeboard at least28
General Construetion Safety Orders.
six (6) inches high. The space between the toeboard and railing shall be filled in with wire netting of not more than one-half (1) inch mesh or canvas securely fastened tight at top and bottom.
(g)	The scaffold shall be as close to the wall as possible to prevent material falling between scaffold and building wall.
(h)	When work is being done above such suspended scaffolds, the workmen on such a scaffold shall be substantially protected from falling material by a covering made of not less than one (1) inch boards laid close.
Order 1130. Tuckpointers’ Suspended Scaffolds Used by Stone Masons, Stone Cutters and Similar Trades.
(a)	All bales, stirrups and slings shall be made of at least five-eighths (g) inch steel cable, composed of six (6) strands of nineteen (19) wires each, or of solid round or square steel not less than three-quarters (3) of an inch in diameter, forged or welded in one piece.
(b)	Beneath the platform of the scaffold there shall be an additional safety cable securely fastened to the stirrup or bale, to hold the platform if the bolster should break.
(c)	All putlogs and bolsters shall be not less than two (2) inches wide and four (4) inches deep of first quality, straightgrained seasoned Oregon pine or equal.
(d)	An iron or steel bolt not less than six (6) inches long and three-quarters (3) of an inch in diameter shall be fastened through the putlog or bolster at right angles to same, not nearer than three (3) inches to the »end and half-way between the upper and lower sides, to prevent bale or sling from slipping off the end of bolster.
(e)	The platforms of all tuckpointers’ suspended scaffolds shall be made of planks not less than one and one-half fJX) inches thick, and shall be at least twenty-four (24) inches wide, substantially secured to putlogs or bolsters to prevent same from slipping or collapsing. The falls, or hangers, shall not be more than fourteen (14) feet apart.Industrial Accident Commission.
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Order 1131. Suspended Scaffolds other than Tuckpointers* Scaffolds Used by House Painters, Sign Painters, Building Washers and Similar Trades.
(;i) All suspended swinging or hung sea Holds or stagings for structures under fifty (50) feet in height shall be made of planks at least fourteen (14) inches wide and one and one-half (11) inches in thickness, and shall be straight, sound, free from cracks, shakes and knots, and of the required dimensions throughout and securely fastened to putlogs or bolsters.
(b)	For structures over fifty (50) feet high, the platform shall be at least twenty (20) inches wide.
(c)	All bales, stirrups and slings shall be made of standard three-eighths (1) inch galvanized wire cable, or of solid round or square steel not less than three-quarters (5) of an inch in diameter, forged or welded in one piece. Loops and stirrups for the use of bolsters shall be spliced. The supporting loop shall have a galvanized thimble fastened in place with an approved clip.
(d)	An iron or steel bolt six (6) inches long and three-fourths (3) inch in diameter shall be fastened through the putlog or bolster at right angles to same not nearer than three (3) inches to the end and half-way between the upper and lower sides, to prevent bale or sling from accidentally slipping off the end of bolster.
(e)	The scaffoldings or stagings shall be fastened so as to prevent them from swaying from the building or structure, and all parts of such scaffoldings or stagings shall be rigidly constructed and of sufficient strength to support all loads that may be placed thereupon.
(f)	The spans between falls or hangers shall be not more than fourteen (14) feet when the platform consists of a plank one and one-half by fourteen (1Jx14) inches or one and one-half by twenty (1Jx20) inches. When the platform consists of a plank two by fourteen (2 x 14) inches to two by twenty (2x20) inches, the span between falls or hangers shall be not more than sixteen (16) feet. When the platform consists of a ladder as specified in the following table, and a three-quarter30
General Construction Safety Orders
by fourteen (4 x 14) inch or a three-quarter by twenty (|x20) inch plank, the spans between falls or hangers shall be not more than eighteen (18) feet, and not more than two men shall be allowed to work between two hangers or falls.
(g)	Swinging or stage ladders.
Cross section of rungs.
rfnfh;	O-oss section of i ails, [„inches	in inches
111 reet	Round Oblong
Up to 10 13 x 23 .................................-......... 1	3 x 1*2
10 to 20 I2x4i ............................................ 1	2x12
20 to 24 12 x 5, tapered to 4 at ends______________________ 1	2x12
Swinging or stage ladders used for suspended scaffolds shall be reinforced with at least four (4) three-sixteenths (3/16) inch rods to prevent side rails from spreading.
(h)	Safety lines of five-eighths (§) inch diameter Manila rope hanging from the roof, securely tied thereto, shall be provided between each pair of hangers or falls.
(i)	The hooks supporting the scaffolds or stagings shall be made of high grade tire steel, or its equivalent, free from flaws or other imperfections, and when formed to shape shall sustain a maximum load of sixteen hundred (1600) pounds. They shall be anchored to the roof or tire wall so as to prevent them from slipping. Whenever they are secured to wood it shall be sound and free from cracks and shakes. If the wood is found to be defective a sound plank shall be secured to the roof, to which the hooks shall be anchored, and they shall be tied rigidly with five-eighths (2) inch diameter ropes to solid and substantial objects on the roof.
(j)	All ropes supporting scaffolds shall have a factor of safety of at least six, and shall be inspected and tested before being used on each job to ascertain whether they are sound and free from flaws or contact with any solution containing acid.
(k)	Wherever any solutions containing acids, caustics, or any solutions injurious to hemp rope fiber are to be used by painters or other trades to clean buildings or other structures, the hangers or falls shall be Manila rope, three-quarter (3) inch diameter, and said hangers or falls shall be protectedIndustrial Accident Commission.
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to a height of six (6) feet above the platform, with acid proof material.
(l)	Building washers, painters, and other trades using solutions containing acids, caustics or any solution injurious to hemp rope fiber, shall have each life line equipped with steel rings or some similar device spaced six (6) feet on centers, and every workman shall be required to wear an approved safety belt which shall be attached to said rings and life lines.
(m)	Wherever any washing solutions as provided in section (1) are being used, the free ends of the falls, hangers and life lines shall be protected from coming in contact with the washing solutions containing acids, caustics or any solution injurious to hemp rope fiber, and coiled in barrels or other suitable receptacles.
(n)	All scaffolds or stagings suspended more than ten (10) feet from the ground or floor, shall have a safety rail of wood or other equally rigid material of sufficient strength to prevent workmen from falling, and said rail shall rise at least forty-two (42) inches above the floor or floors of such scaffoldings or stagings.
Order 1132. Riveters’ Scaffolds.
(a)	All riveters’ scaffolds shall be suspended by not less than one and one-quarter (1*) inch diameter Manila rope, or its equivalent, and so secured to the beams or girders as to prevent them from slipping.
(b)	All ropes shall be free from acids, flaws or other imperfections.
(c)	The needle beams shall consist of not less than four by four (4x4) inch lumber or three (3) inch pipe, or heavier material.
(d)	Each platform of the scaffold in the interior of the building shall be at least two (2) feet wide, and on the outside at least three (3) feet wide, made of planks two (2) inches in thickness or heavier, and shall be so secured by suitable cleats or drop bolts or other means to prevent them from slipping, tipping or collapsing,32
General Construction Safety Orders.
Order 1133. Safety Nets.
(a)	Where it is impracticable to provide temporary floors on structures as required in these orders, rope nets shall be suspended below points where men are working-, or safety belts shall be used on such structures as theaters, auditoriums, towers, bridges, etc.
(b)	The nets shall be made of at least one-half (J) inch* Manila rope with three-quarter (3) inch* borders and four by four (4 x 4) inch mesh. The borders of the nets shall be provided with loops so that they can be readily combined or attached to convenient points on the structural frame.
Order 1134. Rivet Heaters.
(a) The rivet heater shall be as near as possible to the gang or gangs with whom he is working.
Order 1135. Derricks.
(a) Derricks shall be constructed of sound seasoned lumber, with proper iron or steel braces and fittings, or entirely of iron or steel, and shall be of proper strength and size for the work to be performed, and shall be anchored to prevent them from tipping or collapsing.
lb) All hand power derricks shall be equipped with an efficient friction brake, and shall be provided with a device of sufficient strength to hold the load in any position.
(c)	All wire cables, chains, ropes and blocks shall be of sufficient size and strength to safely raise, lower or sustain the superimposed load in any position.
(d)	The maximum allowable working load of new cables, chains and ropes shall be based on manufacturers’ tables.
(e)	Cables or ropes shall be attached to drums in a manner not to interfere with proper winding.
♦xMmeter,
For law regulating temporary floors in buildings in course of construction (Chap. 107, Stats. 1909, as amended by Chap. 590, Stats. 1111, and amended by Chap. 334, Stats. 1931), sec appendix, p. 53.Industrial Accident Commission.
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(f)	Cables shall be secured with at least three clamps, or fastenings of approved type.
(g)	All cables or ropes leading from engines or through floor openings shall be substantially guarded.
Order 1136. Slings.
(a) The slings on derricks, or other hoisting apparatus, shall be made of wire cable, chains or Manila rope of sufficient strength to carry the imposed loads, and double slings shall be used on all horizontal loads over twelve (12) feet in length when composed of two or more pieces of material.
Order 1137. Riding on Loads or Slings Prohibited.
(a) No person shall be permitted to ride on loads or slings of any derrick or hoist, except as provided in Order 1115.
Order 1138. Floor Openings to be Guarded.
(a)	All floor openings within a building or other structure during the course of construction, alteration, repairing or wrecking, shall be covered with planks so as to carry safely any load which may be required to be supported thereon, or fenced in on all sides by a barrier not less than three feet six inches (3'6") high, except on those sides which may be used for the handling of materials hoisted through such openings, or at which stairs or ladders land, provided that such sides other than landings shall be guarded by portable railings not less than three feet six inches (3'6") high.
(b)	If any runway or scaf^pld is built across any floor opening, the entire opening shall be completely planked over or otherwise the said runway or scaffold shall be provided with a railing at least three feet six inches (3'G") high and shall have a ioeboard at least six (6) inches high.
<o) All planks, railings or barriers guarding floor openings shall be left in place until such openings are permanently protected.
(d) Every scaffold or runway adjoining a floor opening shall have a railing at least three feet six inches (3'6") high and a34	General Construction Safety Orders.
toeboard at least six (6) inches high on the side next to the opening.
Order 1139. Openings in Walls to be Guarded.
(a)	Where a scaffold inside of a building crosses an opening six (6) feet or more in width, which extends eight (8) feet or more above the platform, a two-rail railing three feet six inches (3'6") high shall be erected across the opening to protect workmen from falling through the opening.
Order 1140. Ramps.
(a) Ramps extending from story to story shall be equipped with guard rails not less than three feet six inches (3' 6'') high. When used for wheelbarrows, ramps shall be not less than three (3) feet wide, firmly cleated together and secured at each end to prevent the ramp from sliding. On such ramps the two outer planks shall be provided with cleats to afford foothold.
For acts regulating sanitation, drinking water and first aid kits see appendix, pp. 55, 56.
Order 1141. Stairwells and Stairs.
(a)	Standard railings when used in cnnection with stairwells and stairs, shall be made of wood or other material, shall be not less than forty-two (42) inches in height, and shall be provided with an intermediate rail between top rail and floor, and constructed in a substantial manner, and free from protruding nails and splinters. The uprights shall be not less than two by four (2x4) inches or equivalent in cross-section spaced not more than eight ($} feet apart. The top rail shall be not less than two by four (2x4) inches or equivalent cross-section and mid-rail not less than seven-eighths by four (sx4) inches.
(b)	Standard toeboard shall be not less than seven-eighths by six (gx6) inches placed on edge.
(c)	The installation of stairways in new buildings shall be started as soon as working conditions will permit.Industrial ActiitM Commission.
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(d)	Stairways, until permanently enclosed, shall be guarded on all open sides with standard railings. Landings of stairways shall be guarded with standard railings and toeboards.
(e)	Stairways on which the treads have to be filled in later with cement or other material shall have wooden treads not less than seven-eighths (g) inches thick, full width of the tread, firmly fitted in place and replaced when worn below the level of the metal nosing. Where skeleton iron stairs are installed, they shall have wooden treads and landings not less than one and one-quarter (I4) inches thick. All treads and landings shall be free from protruding nails and splinters.
(f)	Temporary wooden stairways or permanent stairways, on which the permanent guard rail has not been eredted, shall be provided on all open sides with temporary guard rails three feet six inches (3'6") in height, measured vertically from the center of the treads, and shall be constructed in a strong and substantial manner.
(g)	In all buildings sixty (60) feet or over in height, where permanent stairways have not been erected, at least one line of temporary stairways shall be installed. They shall have guard rails three feet six inches (3'6") in height, measured vertically from the center of the treads, constructed in a strong and substantial manner.
(h)	All temporary stairways shall have treads made of one by eight (1x8) inch sound lumber. The stringers shall not be less than two by ten (2x10) inch sound lumber spaced not more than two (2) feet apart.
Order 1142. Runways.
(a)	Inclined runways, where erected for trie use of workmen, shall be not less than twenty (20) inches in width, and supported so as to prevent deflection and springing action.
(b)	Cleats eight (8) inches or more in length shall be securely fastened on such runways, not more than sixteen (16) inches apart.
(e) Runways extending from story to story, which are used in place of stairways, shall have on open sides railings not less than forty-two (42) inches in height.36	General Construction Safety Orders.
Order 1143. Life Lines and Safety Belts.
(a)	Whenever it becomes necessary for workmen to crawl out on thrust-outs and such other places where no other protection is afforded them, life lines and safety belts shall be provided.
Order 1144. Ladders.
(a)	The term “portable ladder” shall mean a ladder the side rails of which are made from lumber of clear straight grain, consisting of but one section and which may be used at various locations.
(b)	The term “portable square side ladder” shall mean a ladder the side rails of which are made from sawed timber, consisting of but one section and which may be used at various locations.
(c)	The term “extension ladder” shall mean a ladder consisting of two or more parallel sections traveling in guides or brackets so arranged that it may be adjusted to variable lengths.
(d)	The term “portable step ladder” shall mean a ladder with flat steps so constructed as to be self supporting.
(e)	The term “sectional ladder” shall mean a ladder consisting of two or more sections so constructed that the sections may be secured to each other.
(f)	The term “trestle ladder” shall mean an “A” shaped ladder whose parts, each equivalent to a straight ladder, are hinged at the top to form angles with the base.
(g)	The term “extension trestle ladder” shall mean an “A” shaped ladder whose parts, each equivalent to a straight ladder, form equal angles and constitute the base, with an additional straight ladder which is adjustable perpendicularly and provided with a device to lock it to the base.
<h) The use of broken or weak ladders, or ladders with weak or missing rungs, shall be prohibited.
(i) Side rails, when of wood, shall be straight-grained and sound. Lumber with knots greater than one-half (J) inch inIndustrial Accident Commission.
37
diameter shall not be used. Spruce, Oregon pine, Norway pine, yellow pine, or approved wood of equal strength shall be used.
(j)	Rungs, when of wood, shall be straight-grained and absolutely free from knots. White ash, oak, hickory, birch or approved wood of equal strength shall be used.
(k)	Rungs shall be spaced twelve (12) inches on centers.
(l)	Rungs shall be doweled, mortised or securely fastened by metal supports to the side rails, with a uniform distance between rungs not more than fifteen (15) inches apart.
(m)	Ladders shall be erected, equipped or guarded to prevent slipping.
(n)	All ladders shall be so constructed as to carry safely the load to be placed thereon.
(o)	On buildings more than two stories high and under sixty (60) feet, double ladders shall be provided and left in place until the stairways are ready for use.
(p)	All ladders shall extend at least two and one-half (2J) feet above the upper landing.
(q)	Ladders shall be secured against displacement. The following ways are suggested:
1.	By nailing a cleat on the floor in front of the ladder.
2.	By nailing the feet rigidly to the floor.
3.	By having the feet of the ladder shod with steel points.
4.	By lashing the ladder on top.
(r)	Whenever a ladder is placed over an opening the bottom landing shall be at least four (4) feet square.
Order 1145.
The following types of ladders shall be constructed in accordance with the following tables. The sizes and dimensions are minimum dressed.38
General Construction Safety Orders.
Tables.
Note:	Material of different sectional dimensions may be used,
if of equal strength to that given in these tables.
Order 1146. Portable Ladders.
Length in feet	Inside width in inches, all lengths	Cross section of rails in	Rungs in Round	inches Oblong
		inches		
Up to 12			—	At top rung 12				11 y 93 Jft a.	n	lxU2
More than 12 and up	to 20. At each succeeding rung 4 wider.	Hx2|	14	lx lj
More than 20 and up		12x31	n	i x n
(a) Longer	ladders shall have side rails of	proportionately		
larger dimensi	ions.			
Order 1147. Masons’ Portable Ladders.				
		Cross		
Length in feet	Inside width in inches, all lengths	section of rails in inches	Rungs in Round	inches Oblong
From 10 to 20				lgx3g	n	IxlJ
More than 20 and up	to 25 At each succeeding rung 4 wider.	2 x 4|	14	I X
(a) Longer ladders shall have side rails of proportionately larger dimensions.
Order 1148. Portable Square Side Ladders.
		Cross		
Length in feet	Inside width in inches, all lengths	section of rails in inches	Rungs in Round	inches Oblong
More than 10 and up to 20	At top rung 12		14 X 2"*	h	ax n
More than 20 and ui> to 2G	At each succeeding rung 4 wider.	12 x 34	14	l X 14
(a) Longer ladders shall have side rails of		proportionately		
larger dimensions.				
Order 1149. Masons’	Portable Square Side Ladders.			
		< 'ross		
Length in feet	Inside width in inches, all lengths	section of rails in inches	Rungs in Hound	inches Oblong
From 10 to 20	-	At top rung 12			12x3^	14	l x 14
More than 20 and up to 25	At each succeeding rung 4 wider.	12x4	14	ItmIndustrial Accident Commission.
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(a)	Longer ladders shall have side rails of proportionately larger dimensions.
Order 1150. Masons* Portable Cleat Ladders.
						Inside width	in inches	Cross see-	Cross see-
		Length in feet				Rottom	Top	tion of rails in inches	tion of cleats in inches
From	10 to 12						20	17	2x4	S x 3
More	than	12 and	up	to	16		21	18	2x4	2x3
More	than	16 and	UP	to	20...	23	20	2x6	2x4
(a) Cleats shall be of staight-grained and sound spruce, yellow pine, or wood of equal strength. Cleats shall be housed into rails one-half (2) inch, and shall be nailed to each rail with three ten-penny wire nails. Sound knots in rails and cleats which must not exceed one-half (J) inch in diameter, shall be one-half (2) inch or more from edges of rails or cleats.
Order 1151. Extension Ladders.
	Length in feet	Dimensions of sides in	Rungs in	inches
		inches	Round	Oblong
From	20 to 26		-		 n x 25	n	SxU
More	than 26 and up to 40			 Is x 2g	1	» x 1J
(a)	Longer ladders shall have side rails of proportionately larger dimensions.
(b)	Each ladder shall be equipped with two (2) automatic locks of an approved type (preferably of the spring type). Locks shall be of such construction as to make the extension ladder equal in strength to a ladder constructed of continuous side rails.
(c)	All parts of the lock shall be of malleable iron or other approved material, except spring and bushing which shall be of non-corrosive material.
(cl) Locking devices other than as specified herein, may be approved on application to the Industrial Accident Commission.
(e) All iron parts of the ladder carrying weight shall be of malleable, wrought iron or steel.40
Cenerai Construction Safety Orders.
Order 1152. Portable Step Ladders.
Length in	feet	Cross section of side rails in inches	Cross section of steps or tread in inches	Cross section of back leg in inches	When rungs are used, center in inches
Up to 14	 More than 14 and	np to 20		8 A I x 3J	ix3i lx3J	Sxli IxlJ	% n
(a)	The above dimensions are for a maximum working load of one thousand (1000) pounds.
(b)	Lumber shall be No. 1 clear spruce or other appeoved wood of equal strength.
(c)	Metal parts carrying weight shall be malleable, wrought iron or steel.
Order 1153. Sectional Ladders.
(a)	Minimum size side rails—two and three-quarters (25) inches by one and three-eighths (1§) inches.
(b)	Minimum size rungs—one and one eighth (1q) inches diameter, or seven-eighths (§) inches by one and one-half (1J) inches.
(c)	Rungs shall be mortised or doweled in the side rails and securely fastened thereto. The sections shall be not over ten (10) feet, preferably six (6) feet in length. The connection joint shall be not less than one (1) foot. The grooved ends of the sections shall be reinforced with a metal plate of not less than No. 18 U. S. gage properly secured thereto.
Order 1154. Trestle Ladders.
(a)	Sides—one and one-eighth (1J) inches by two and three-quarters (25) inches for ladders up to ten (10) feet in length.
(b)	Rungs—one and one-eighth (1J) inches in diameter of oak, birch, or ash, or other approved wood of equal strength. Whenever one (1) inch round or equivalent oblong rungs are used, each rung must be reinforced with at least one (1) three-sixteenths (3/16) inch iron rod.
(c)	Longer ladders shall have side rails of proportionately larger dimensions.Industriai Accident Commission.
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(df Metal parts shall be of malleable, wrought iron or steel.
(e)	Rungs shall be mortised in the sides and securely fastened thereto.
Order 1155. Extension Trestle Ladders.
(a) Base Ladders.	Sides—one and three-eighths by two and five-eighths (1|x2|) inches, for ladders up to ten (10) feet in length.
(b)	Rungs—one and one-eighth (1s) inches in diameter or seven-eighths by one and one-half (s*^) inches, of oak, birch or ash, or other approved wood of equal strength.
(c)	Rungs shall be doweled or mortised in sides or securely fastened with metal supports.
(d)	Extension Section. Sides—one and three-eighths by two and three-eighths (1§x2§) inches for extension sections not over ten (10) feet in length.
(e)	Rungs—one and one-eighth (1g) inches in diameter of oak or ash, or other approved wood of equal strength.
(f)	Rungs shall be doweled in sides and securely fastened thereto.
(g)	Lumber for extension trestle ladders shall be No. 1 clear spruce, Oregon pine, Norway pine, or other approved wood of equal strength.
(h)	Metal parts shall be of malleable, wrought iron or steel.
(i)	Locking device for securing the extension section to the base shall be of an approved design.
Order 1156. Piling Material.
(a)	Brick, tile and building blocks and similar material shall be safeguarded against falling by the use of headers at least every sixth course, and shall, when the pile is over four feet six inches (4'6") high, taper back one (1) inch to each foot. Other effective measures may be substituted.
(b)	In piling bags of cement or similar material more than five (5) feet high, the face of the pile shall be tapered back (except where supported by walls or otherwise), or the sacks42
Cenerai Construetion Safety Orders.
shall be so tied in horizontal layers as to prevent them from falling or collapsing.
(c) In piling lumber, structural steel and similar materials, care shall be taken that the stack is stable against falling or collapsing. Pieces shall be so left in the pile as to prevent slipping, tipping or collapsing.
Order 1157. Safety Hooks.
(a) No open hook shall be used with a bucket, cage or skip in hoisting, but some approved form of safety hook or shackle hook shall be used.
Order 1158. Overloading Prohibited.
(a) No building, structure, or part thereof, or any temporary support or scaffolding in connection therewith, shall be loaded during erection, alterations or demolition, in excess of its safe carrying capacity.
Order 1159. Temporary Sidewalk Sheds.
(a) Whenever a building shall be erected or increased to over two (2) stories in height, or whenever such a building, being more than twenty-five (25) feet in height is to be demolished within the fire limits of any municipality or upon any street of a municipality on which municipal ordinances or regulations will not allow sidewalks to be blockaded, the owner, builder or contractor constructing, repairing or demolishing such building shall erect and maintain during the period of such construction or repair, a shed which shall extend over not less than one-half the width of the sidewalk and shall have a minimum width of three (3) feet. The sidewalk of the shed must be constructed to support a live load of one hundred (100) pounds per square foot. The side wall towards the building shall be sealed with boards. The roof over the shed shall be constructed to support a live load of thirty-five (35) pounds per square foot, but in no case shall the planks or* *he roof be less than two (2) inches in thickness. The live load as specified above for sidewalk and roof shall be employed withIndustrial Accident Commission.
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a safety factor of four (4) and ail supports, including connections, posts and footings, shall be of sufficient strength to develop the strength of the main members of the structure. Such temporary sidewalk shed shall remain in place until the building is enclosed, or, in case of demolition, until the building has been entirely demolished. Every sidewalk shed shall be kept in good repair, free from unnecessary obstructions and properly lighted at night.	\
Order 1160. Demolishing Buildings.
(a) In demolishing: any building' or structure, or part thereof, all material displaced, unless required for reconstruction, shall be transported immediately to the ground. No material shall be stored upon any structure, or any portion of such structure affected thereby, in excess of its safe carrying capacity.
Order 1161. Oxy-Acetylene or Other Gas Welding and Cutting Processes. (Not for lighting or shop practice.) Application:
As a safeguard against fires and accidents on construction work and the demolition and wrecking of buildings and other structures, the following rules shall govern the use of welding and cutting processes utilizing conbustible gases, such as acetylene, hydrogen, carbo-hydrogen, blaugas, and so forth, in connection with oxygen:
Cyl inders:
(a) For gases under pressure:	Only cylinders which comply
with Interstate Commerce Commission Shipping Container Specifications* shall be used.
Note:	The abbreviated marking “I. C. C. No.____” on the cylinders
signifies their compliance with tlu* specifications in question.
*Note : Copies of the Interstate Commerce Commission Shipping Container I Specifications can be obtained from the Bureau of Explosives, 30 Vesey Street, New York City, or from H. B. Eyde, Inspector, 621 Southern Pacific Building, San Francisco, or A. E. Blood, Inspector, 323 Story Building, Los Angeles.44
Cenerai Construction Safety Orders.
(b)	Cylinders in transportation or when being moved from one portion of a structure to another, shall be protected with such caps for valves as are required by the Interstate Commerce Commission Specifications,* except when securely mounted on a suitable hand truck. The transporting of cylinders in use by crane or hoist without first removing apparatus and replacing caps is prohibited; provided, however, that apparatus need not be removed nor caps replaced when an attendant is in charge while being transported on elevators. Whenever a crane or hoist is used for lifting or lowering cylinders, cradles instead of slings shall be used so as to reduce the possibility of dropping the cylinders.
(c)	Cylinders shall not be handled roughly or dropped on platforms, floors, or against other cylinders while being loaded, unloaded or moved from one portion of the structure to another. Charged cylinders shall be stored away from elevators or gangways and in locations where heavy articles will not fall on them. They shall never be so placed that they can fall down or be knocked over. The use of gas cylinders as rollers is prohibited.
(d)	Charged cylinders must not be stored within fifteen (15) feet of furnaces, forges, other sources of heat, or readily inflammable material.
(e)	Cylinders in use on structures shall be carefully secured to prevent them from falling or being thrown off the structure.
(f)	In order to avoid undue lengths of hose, cylinders when in use shall be located as close to the work as is consistent with the work being performed. Care must be used to protect the hose from damage, breakage and burning.
(g)	Each acetylene, fuel gas and oxygen cylinder connected for use with a blowpipe, shall be equipped with an automatic regulator or reducing valve attached directly to the cylinder valve with or without an adapter.
Valves:
(h)	When cylinders are connected to welding or cutting equipment not in use, cylinder valves shall be closed tight and the pressure released from the reducing or regulating apparatus.Industrial Accident Commission.
45
(i)	A regulation T-socket cylinder valve key shall be left in place on the valve spindle when an acetylene cylinder is in use.
(j)	Oily or greasy substances must be kept from oxygen cylinders, cylinder valve, couplings, gauges, hose connections and apparatus. Oxygen cylinders or apparatus shall not be handled with oily hands or gloves. Oil or grease in presence of oxygen under pressure will violently ignite. Under no circumstances shall any oil, grease or graphite be applied to any valves, fittings or apparatus.
(k)	When welding, burning or cutting, protection shall be afforded persons, cylinders, apparatus or any inflammable material below or in the vicinity of operation.
0) Complete eye protection against injury from light or flying particles shall be provided to workmen and used by those who are actually employed in welding or cutting operations.
(m)	Welding and cutting blowpipes or torches, regulating or reducing valves, pressure gauges, acetylene generators, hose and couplings shall be of a type approved by the Underwriters’ Laboratories. Appliances referred to in this rule will be acceptable when listed as standard by the Underwriters’ Laboratories.
(n)	If necessary to store calcium carbide on the premises, the existing regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters,* relating thereto, shall be followed.
(o)	Acetylene generators used on construction work, the demolition and wrecking of buildings and other structures, shall be located on a properly ventilated platform on the ground. Such generators shall not be used in confined unventilated spaces or in close proximity to flame or where they cannot be easily charged by natural light. Care must be taken to prevent acetylene generators from freezing. The existing regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters,* as to the operation of such generators, shall be followed.
♦Note:	Regulations of the National Board of Fire Underwriters
for the Installation and Operation of Acetylene Equipment, may be obtained by writing to the National Board of Fire Underwriters, Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco, California, or Citizens National Bank Building, Los Angeles, California.46
General Construction Safety Orders.
(p)	The oxygen hose must be distinguished from the acetylene or other fuel gas hose by a distinctive color conforming with standard practice.
(q) The practice of playing a burning torch around the outside of an acetylene or other gas cylinder for any purpose whatsoever, is strictly prohibited.
(r)	The transferring of acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, carbo-hydrogen, blaugas or any other gas from one cylinder to another, is strictly prohibited.
(s)	If more than one torch outfit is used from a generator, each acetylene hose shall be supplied through a separate regulator or back pressure valve.APPENDIX.Industrial Accident Commission.
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Law Regulating the Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Elevators in Buildings During Course of Construction
(Chap. 275, Stats. 1913, as amended by Chap. 332, Stats. 1921.) The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
Definitions.
Section 1. The words and phrases used in this act shall for the purposes of this act, unless the same be contrary to or inconsistent with the context, be construed as follows :
1.	“Elevator” shall mean any means used to hoist persons or material of any kind on a building under course of construction, when operated by any power other than muscular power.
2.	“Building” shall include structures of all kinds, regardless of the purposes for which they may be intended to be used, and whether such construction be below or above the level of the ground.
Signals and Persons to Give Them.
Sec. 2. Every hoist hereafter used in buildings during the course of construction shall have a system of signals for the purpose of signaling the person operating or controlling the machinery which may operate or control the hoist. And it shall be the duty of the person in charge of such building to appoint one or more persons to give such signals, such person to be selected from those most familiar with the work for which said hoist is being used. The signaling devices provided shall be protected against unauthorized or accidental operation. The industrial accident commission shall within six months after this act takes effect, make and enter its general safety order or orders in the manner prescribed by law, and may from time to time thereafter amend such orders in the manner prescribed by law, for the making of general safety orders specifying and fixing the nature and method of signals and signaling devices and uniform signals to be used in this state under the provisions of this act. Until such general safety order or orders are so adopted, such signals and signaling devices shall be governed by safety order number one thousand one hundred fifteen of the general construction safety orders of the industrial accident50
Genenil Construction Safety Orders.
commission as in effect at the time of the passage of this act. (As amended by Chap. 332, Stats. 3021.)
Inspection of Hoists.
Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the industrial accident commission to inspect all hoists coming within the definition contained in section one of the, act herein amended. If any part of the construction or system of signals used on a hoist is defective or may endanger the lives of the men working in immediate vicinity of said hoist, the industrial accident commission shall direct the person in charge thereof to remedy such defect, and such hoist shall not he list'd again until the order of the commission shall have boon complied with. (As amended by Chap. 332, Stats. 1921.)
Penalty.
Sec. 4. Any person, firm, copartnership or corporation or any agent, superintendent or manager of a corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this act, shall upon conviction thereof bo guilty of a misdemeanor and punished by a fine not less than fifty dollars and not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for not less than thirty days and not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
Law Protecting Labor Engaged in Construction Work.
(Being I’enal Code Section 402 c, as amended by Chap. 55,
Stats. 1021.)
4(Kir. Any person or corporation employing or directing another to do or perform any labor in the construction, alteration, repairing. painting or cleaning of any house, building or structure within this staff', who knowingly or negligently furnishes or erects, or causes to be furnished or erected for the performance of such labor, unsafe or improper scaffolding, slings, hammers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, irons, ropes or other mechanical contrivances, or who hinders or obstructs any officer or inspector, of the industrial accident commission attempting to inspect the same under the provisions of any statute of the State of California or safety order of the industrial accident commission, or who destroys or defaces, or removes any notice posted thereon by any such officer or inspector, or permits the usé thereof, after theIndustrial Accident Commission.
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Brine lias been declared unsafe by such officer or inspector, contrary to the provisions of said acts or orders, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Regulation of Scaffolding for Protection of Workmen, ((’hap. 4s. Stats. 1.1)1.*», as amended by Chap. 333, Stats. 10*21.) The people of the State of ('alijornia do enact as follows:
Safety I*ail on Scaffolding.
Shotiox 1. All scaffolding or staging swung or suspended from an overhead support which is more than ten feet from the ground or floor, shall have a safety rail of wood, or other equally rigid material of sufficient strength. Such rail shall be properly secured and braced: such rail to rise at least forty-two inches above the door or floors or main portions of such scaffolding or staging, and to extend along the entire length of the outside and ends thereof, and properly attached thereto: and such a scaffolding or staging shall be fastened so as to prevent the same from swaying from the building or structure, or place of work where such scaffolding or staging is being used. Any and all parts of such scaffolding or si aging shall be of sufficient strength to support, bear or withstand with safety, any weight of persons, tools, appliances or materials that may be placed thereupon or that a re to be supported thereby while such scaffolding or staging is being used for any of the purposes thereof. The industrial accident commission of the State of California is hereby authorized to make and enforce safety orders in the manner prescribed by law. to supplement and carry into effect the purposes and provisions of this act. (As amende» by Chap. 333. Stats. 11)21.)
Safety hines.
Skc. 2. In addition to the duties imposed upon an employer by any law regulating or relating to scaffolding or staging, it shall be the duty of such employer who uses or permits the use of scaffolding or staging, as defined in section one of this act, in connection with construction, alteration, repairing, painting, cleaning or the doing of any other kind of work upon any building structure, or other thing or place of work, to furnish safety lines52
General Construction Safety Orders.
to tie all hooks and hangers back on the roof of such building, structure or other thing or place of work, and to provide safety lines hanging from the roof, securely tied thereto, and one such line to be provided between each pair of hangers or falls and near the ends of all such scaffolding or staging. When planks are used for the platforms or floors of such scaffolding or staging, they shall be not less than fourteen inches in width, and not less than one and one-half inches in thickness, and shall be of wood free from knots or fractures impairing the strength of such planks. Not more than two men shall be allowed or placed to work between two hangers or falls upon such scaffolding or staging.
Penalty.
Sec. 3. Any violation of the provisions of this act shall be punishable as provided in section 402c of the Penal Codé and shall be in addition to the penalties provided therein for the violation of any of the provisions of the said section.
Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the industrial accident commission to enforce the provisions of this act. (As amended by Chap. 333, Stats. 3921.)
Inspection of Scaffolding.
Section 12, Laws of 1901, provides that whenever complaint is made to the labor commissioner that the scaffolding, or the slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, irons, or ropes of any swinging or stationary scaffolding used in the construction, alteration, repairing, painting, cleaning, or painting of a building are unsafe or liable to prove dangerous to the life or limb of any person, such commissioner shall immediately cause an inspection to be made of the scaffolding or the slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, stays, braces, ladders, irons, or other parts connected therewith. If after examination such scaffolding or any of such parts is found dangerous to life or limb, the commissioner shall prohibit the use thereof, and require the same to be altered and reconstructed so as to avoid such danger. The commissioner, deputy commissioner, or agent or assistant making the examination shall attach a certificate to the scaffolding, or the slings, hangers, irons, ropes, or other parts thereof, examined by him, stating that he has made such examination and that he found it safe or unsafeIndustrial Accident Commission.
DO
ns the case may bo. If he declared it unsafe, he shall at once, in writing-, notify the person responsible for its erection of the fact and warn him against the use thereof. Such notice may be served personally upon the person responsible for its erection or by conspicuously affixing it to the scaffolding or the part thereof declared to be unsafe. After such notice has been so served or affixed the person responsible therefor shall immediately remove such scaffolding or part thereof and alter or strengthen it in such a manner as to render it safe, in the discretion of the officer who has examined it or of his superiors. The commissioner, his deputy, and any duly authorized representative whose duty it is to examine or test any scaffolding or part thereof as required by this section, shall have free access, at all reasonable hours, to any building or premises containing them or where they may be in use. All swinging and stationary scaffolding shall be so constructed as to bear four times the maximum weight required to be dependent therefrom and placed thereon, when in use. and not more than four men shall be allowed on any swinging scaffolding at one time.
Law Regulating Temporary Floors in Buildings in Course
of Construction.
(Chap. 107, Stats. WOO, as amended by Chap. 500, Stats. 1011, and amended by Chap. 331, Stats. 1021.)
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
Section 1. Any building more than two stories high in the course of construction shall have the joists, beams or girders of floors below the floor or level where any work is being done, or about to be done, covered with flooring laid close together, or with such other suitable material as will protect workmen engaged in such building from falling through joists or girders, and from falling planks, bricks, rivets, tools, or any other substance, whereby life and limb are endangered, as follows :
((/) Any such building which is of reinforced concrete construction, with reinforced concrete floors, shall have the floor filled in either with forms or concrete on each floor before the commencement of work upon the walls of the second floor above, or the commencement of work upon the floor of the next floor above.54
General Construction Safety Orders.
Any building having wooden floors, other than a steel frame building, shall have the underflooring, if double flooring* is to be used, laid on each floor within the time hereinabove described for reinforced concrete floors. Whore single wooden floors are to be used, each floor shall be planked over within the time hereinbefore
prescribed.
(b)	If such building has a structural frame of iron or steel, the entire floor of every second story, except such space as may reasonably be required for the proper construction of such building, shall be thoroughly covered with planks tightly laid together, so that workmen shall have at all times 1 Bin keel floors within two stories below them.
(o) If a span of a floor exceeds thirteen |1‘>) feet, an intermediate beam shall be used to support the temporal}’ flooring: /norid((l, haircn r. that spans not to exceed! sixteen (1C>) feet may be Covered by three (3) inch planks without such learn. Such intermediate beam shall hi* of a sufficient strength to sustain a live load of fifty (.">0) pounds per square foot of the area supported.
(d) If th© distance between planked floors in any building or structure exceeds twenty-five (23) feet, intermediate flooring or safety nets shall be provided which shall be fixed not to exceed twenty-live (23) fC#t below a floor upon which work is being performed and as close to such floor as practicable.
(c)	‘Phe erection gang shall at all times have a planked floor below them not more than two stories distant.
(/) Th® riveting gang and steel painters shall at all times have a planked floor below them not more than two stories distant. Men working below riveting gangs shall at all times be protected from falling objects by having a planked floor between them and the riveting gangs.
(rj) If building operations are suspended and the temporary flooring, hereinbefore required, is removed, upon the resumption of work, in case of such suspension, the building must be replanked so that every man at work shall have a covered floor not more than two floors below.
(// I Where a building is being constructed in sections each section shall constitute a building for the purpose of this act. (As amended by Chap. 334, Stats. 11)21.)I ml list rial Accident Commission.
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Skc. 2. Where such building has a structural frame of iron or steel, and the iron or steel columns are spliced at every story, the erection gang shall in no case he more than two stories distant from the riveting .iiaiii**. If the columns are spliced every second or third story, the erection rang: shall in no case be more than four stories distant from the riveting* gang'. (As amended by (’hap. 324, Stats. 11)21.)
Skc. 3. Planked floors shall consist of planks tightly laid together of number one common lumber, not less than two inches thick and eight inches wide, free from protruding nails or other objects. Nets shall consist of at least one and one-half inch* manila rope with three-quarter incht borders, and four by four inch mesh. The borders of the nets shall be provided with loops so that they can be readily combined or attached to convenient points on the structural frame. (As amended by Chap. 334. Stats. 1021.)
Skc. 4. Xo owner, agent of the owner, general contractor, contractor, subcontractor, or other person shall proceed with any work assigned to or undertaken by him, or require or permit any other person to proceed with work assigned to or undertaken by either, unless the planking or nets required by this act are in place. Violation of this section shall constitute a misdemeanor. (As amended by (’hap. 334. Stats. 1321.)
Skc. A. It shall be the duty of tin4 industrial accident commission to enforce the provisions of this act. (As amended by Chap, 334, Stats. 1321.)
(Secs. (> and 7 of act as amended in 1311 were repealed in 1321.)
Sanitation.
_ 1 a art to providi' proper •sanitary conditions of factories, •workshops ami other places of cm ploy went, and for the preservation of the health of cmptoyees. (Lairs of 1000.)
Section 1. Every factory, workshop, mercantile or other establishment, in which five or more persons are employed, shall be kept in a cleanly state and free from effluvia arising from any drain, privy, or other nuisance, and shall be provided, within rea-
* Circumference.
tDiameter.56
General Construction Safety Orders.
sonable access, with a sufficient number of water-closets or privies for the use of the persons employed therein. Whenever the persons employed as aforesaid are of different sexes, a sufficient number of separate and distinct water-closets or privies shall be provided for the use of each sex, which shall be plainly so designated, and no person shall be allowed to use any water-closet or privy assigned to persons of the other sex.
Drinking Water.
An act to require employers of labor to furnish, tcitliout charge, pure drinking water to their employees during loorlcing hours.
(Approved May 2.), 1915, Stats. 1915.)
Section 1. Every employer of labor in this state shall, without making a charge therefor, provide fresh and pure drinking water to his employees during working hours. Access to such drinking water shall be permitted at reasonable and convenient times and places.
Any violation of the provisions of this act shall be deemed a misdemeanor and punishable for each offense by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00), nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00), or by imprisonment for not more than thirty (30) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
First Aid Kits.
An act to provide for the beeping of medical and surgical appliances in factories. (Approved May 19, 1913, Stats. 1913.)
Section 1. Every parson, firm or corporation operating a factory or shop, or conducting any business in which power machinery is used for any manufacturing purpose except for elevators or for heating or hoisting apparatus, where five or more persons are employed, shall at all times keep and maintain, in some accessible place upon the premises upon which such factory, shop or business is located, free of expense to the employees, a medical or surgical chest which shall contain an adequate assortment of absorbent lint, absorbent cotton, sterilized gauze, plain and medicated, adhesive plaster, cotton and gauze bandages, also one tourniquet, one pair scissors, one pair tweezers, one jar carbolized petrolatum, one bottle antiseptic solution, and one first aid manual, all of which shall cost not less than six dollars, and to be used in the treatment of persons injured or taken ill upon the premises.INDEX.
A
Application of orders
B
Bricklayers' pole scaffolds---------------
Bracing -----------------------------
Size and kind of material to use-----
Bricklayers' or masons’ suspended scaf-
t olds -----------------------—— —
Approval of machines-----------------
Canopy ------------------------------
Dimensions of putlogs----------------
Dimensions of tlirustouts------------
Distance from building---------------
Railing, toeboard and wire netting or
cover ___________________________
Size of cables_______________________
Spacing of putlogs and tlirustouts---
Width of platform and sizes of
planks __________________________
Working parts of hoisting machines-
Built up scaffolds________________________
By whom erected______________________
Guarding openings -------------------
Impairing strength prohibited--------
Overloading__________________________
Runways and ladders__________________
Schedules of design and dimensions-
Schedules for certain heights____
Special adjustable scaffolds_____
C
Construction elevators, law regulating____
Definitions _________________________
Inspection of hoists_________________
Penalty______________________________
Signals and persons to give them_____
Construction material elevators___________
Brakes in hoisting engines___________
Canopies over hoisting engines, etc.~
Cage sling frame_____________________
Cage platform _______________________
Friction levers in electric hoists___
Guarding elevator landings outside of
building ________________________
Guarding elevator landings when cages are used inside of building Guarding moving parts on hoisting engines _____________________________
Order	Section	Page
1100	—	9
1123		21
1123	TbT	9 9
1123	(a)	21
1129		27
1129	TbT	27
U29	<h)	28
1129	(c)	27
11-29	(a)	27
1129	(g)	28
1129	(f)	27
1129	(b)	27
1129	(d)	27
1129	(e)	27
1129	(b)	27
1124		22
1124	(a)	9 2
1124	(e) .	2
1124	(b)	22
1124	(c)	22
1124	(d)	22
1125		23
1125	("a-b")	23
1125	(c-i)	24
—	T ~	49 49
	o o	50
	4	50
		9	49
1114		12
1114	(w)	14
1114	(y)	15
1114	(b)	12
1114	(c)	12
1114	(x)	15
1114	(j)	13
1114	(k)	13
1114	(z)	1558
Index.
Order Section
Guarding' tops of cages______________ 1114	(e)
Guarding unused sides of cages______ 1114	(d)
Guide posts__________________________ 1114	(h)
Guide rails__________________________ 1114	(i)
Hoisting cables _____________________ 1114	(q)
Rroken wires in cables___________ 1114	(s)
Cable fastenings ________________ 1114	(t)
Factor of safety of hoisting
cables ______________________ 1114	(r)
Inspection of hoisting cables___ 1114	(v)
Inspection of boilers________________ 1114	(v)
.Locking device on cage to prevent it
from moving---------------------- 1114	(f)
Riding prohibited____________________ 1114	(a)
Sheaves:
Axles of sheaves_________________ 1114	(o)
Grooves in sheaves___________:__ 1114	(n)
Kinds of sheaves_________________ 1114	(m)
Mini m u m requirements for
sheaves______________________ 1114	(1)
Sheave hearings__________________ 1114	(p)
Size of overhead sheave beams________ 1114	(g)
Construction material and man elevators. 1115	---
Automatic brakes -------------------- 1115	(d)
Cables, average life_________________ 1115	(f)
Cable drum of hoisting machine______	1115	(c)
('ages to be enclosed on three sides_1115	(g)
Friction gearing prohibited---------- 1115	(c)
Limit switch device__________________ 1115	(e)
Operators on construction elevators.- 1115	(b)
Riding on construction elevators____	1115	(a)
Size's of sheaves____________________ 1115	(f)
Construction towers --------------------- 1413	---
Foundation -------------------------- 1113	(a)
Kind of materials____________________ 1113	(b)
Location of boom anchor______________ 1113	(j)
Railing on hopper bracket platform- 1113	(1)
Removal of cross ties limited-------- 1113	(d)
Safety factor of hopper brackets----	1113	(k)
Sizes of diagonal bracing------------ 1113	(e)
Sizes of various members_____________ 1113	(c)
Splices of cornei* posts------------  1113	*(fj
Supporting operating equipment______	1113	(i)
Tying and anchoring towers----------- 1113	(g)
Tying towers free of building-------- 1113	(h)
D
Definitions _____________________________ 11 bl	---
Direct contractor-------------------- 1101	(a)
Foreman ----------------------------- 1101	(e)
General contractor------------------  1101	(b)
Subcontractor _______________________ 1101	(c)
Superintendent ______________________ 1101	(d)
rase
12
12
13
13
14 14 14
14
14
14
13 12
14 14 14
13
14 13
15
15
16
15
16 If 15 15 15 15 11 11 11 12 12 11 12 11 11 11 12 11 12
9
9
9
9
9
9Judex.
59
Demolishing buildings -------------------
Requirements -----------------------
Derricks ________________________________
Cables or ropes to be attached to
drums __________________________
Construction _______________________
Guarding of cables__________________
Hand power derricks to be equipped
with friction brakes____________
Securing of cables__________________
Size and strength of cables, chains,
ropes and blocks------------------
Working load on new cables----------
Design and Dimensions of Scaffolds (sec “Scaffolds, d e s i g n and dimensions of.” page 23)_____________________
Drinking water __________________________
Penalty_____________________________
To be provided free to employees____
E
Klectrical equipment _____________________
Elevator law (see “Construction elevators, law regulating,” page 49)___________
Elevators, construction material (see “Construction material elevators.” page 12)___________________________
Elevators, construction material and man <see “Construction material and
' man elevators,” page 15)_________
Elevator shafts __________________________
Guarding ____________________________
Overhead protection to lie provided--
Partitions___________________________
Warning, when to sound_______________
Employee’s responsibility ________________
Employer's responsibility ________________
Excavations_______________________________
Explosives ___________________________1104
(Inclusive, in separate pamphlet.)
F
Figure four or light outrigger scaffolds__
Dimensions of platforms--------------
Dimensions of putlogs and ledgers--
Dimensions of spreaders______________
Dimensions of uprights_______________
Spacing of outriggers________________
First aid kits____________________________
Where required ______________________
0 ril or	Section	Page
116§		43
1160	(a)	43
1135		o •) t)
1135	(e)	32
1135	(a)	
1135	(g)	oo
1135	SB	Q *> O _j
1135	(f)	o &
1135	(0)	w9 O _j
1135	(d)	32
1125	mm l	o •> 56 56 56
1110	(a)	10 49
1114		12
1115		15
1119		19
1119	fa )	19
1119	f c)	19
1119	fd)	19
1119	fb)	19
110 3	fa)	9
1102	■	9
1109	(a)	10
-1107				
1126	fb)	25
1126	f b) 1	25
1126	f b) 3	25
1126	f b) 4	25
1126	fb) 2	25
1126	(b) 1	25
		56
	1	5660
Index.
Floor openings to be guarded_____________
Guard requirements _________________
Guards to be left in place__________
Railing on scaffold adjoining floor
opening_________________________
Runways across floor openings_______
Floors, temporary, in buildings in the course of construction (see “Temporary floors in buildings in course of construction,” page 53)
Order	Section	Page
1138		33
1138	TaT	33
1138	(c)	33
1138	(d)	33
1138	(b)	n o OO
		53
G
Gas welding and cutting processes, oxy-acetylene (see “Oxy-acetylene, gas welding and cutting processes,” page 43)----------------------
Guarding machinery_____________________
H
Hoisting engineer, duties of--------------
Hoisting engineer, qualifications of------
Hoisting signals, construction------------
Code of signals to use---------------
Kind of signals----------------------
Signal cords, wires, etc., to be
guarded -------------------------
Signals for the operation of deri icks_
Signals to be posted_________________
Hooks, safety ----------------------------
Open hooks prohibited in hoisting----
Horse scaffolds___________________________
Holts under headers------------------
Heights limited ----------------1----
Minimum size of materials for horses
Repairing of horses------------------
Span and sizes of planks-------------
Toehoards ___________________________
Width of platforms-------------------
1161		43
1111	(a)	10
1117	(a-k)	16-17
1116	(a)	16
1118			IS
1118	(b)	IS
1118	(a)	IS
1118	(e)	IS
111S	m	IS
1118	(d)	IS
1157			42
1157	(a)	42
1127			2 6
1127	( g)	26
1127	(a)	26
1127	(f)	26
1127	(b)	26
1127	(c)	26
1127	(e)	26
1127	(d)	26
L
Ladders _____________________________
Definitions---------------------
Kxtension ladder____________
Extension trestle ladder____
Portable ladder ____________
Portable square side ladder.
Portable step ladder________
Sectional badder____________
Trestle ladder______________
1144			36
1144			3 6
1144	(c)	36
1144	(g)	36
1144	KB	36
1144	(b)	36
1144	(d)	36
1144	(e)	36
1144	(f)	36Index.
61
Double, where required_______________
Extending 2£ feet above landing------
Landings where required______________
Rungs -------------------------------
Safe loads---------------------------
Secured against .displacement--------
Side rails___________________________
Tables of sizes and dimensions of
various types *-------------
Extension ladders ______________
Automatic locks---------------
Construction of locks---------
Kind of material______________
Locking devices---------------
Extension trestle ladders_______
Base ladders__________________
Extension section ____________
Locking device______________
Lumber______________________
Metal parts_________________
Rungs ______________________
Masons’ portable ladders________
Masons’ portable cleat ladders.. _
Cleats _______________________
Masons' portable square side
ladders --------------------
Portable ladders _______________
Portable square side ladders____
Portable step ladders___________
Loa ds _______________________
Lumber________________________
Metal parts___________________
Sectional ladders_______________
Construction of parts_________
Rungs ________________________
Side rails____________________
Trestle ladders_________________
Long ladders _________________
Metal parts___________________
Rungs ________________________
Sides ________________________
Use of broken ladders prohibited_____
Law protecting labor engaged in construction work________________________________
Law regulating construction, operation and maintenance of elevators in buildings in course of construction ____________________________________
Definitions -------------------------
Inspection of hoists_________________
Penalty______________________________
Signals and persons to give them_____
Order	Section Page	
1144	(O)	37
1144	(P)	3 7
1144	(r)	37
1144	(j), (k), (1)	O 7 O i
1144	In)	0 7 O i
1144	(m), (q)	3 7
1144	(i)	36
1145		o 7 t> 4
1151	g	39
1151	(b)	39
1151	(c)	39
1151	(e)	39
1151	(d)	39
1155		41
1155	(a)	41
1155	(d)	41
1155	(i)	41
1155	(g)	41
1155	(h)	41
1155	(b),(c),(e),(f)	41
1147		3S
1150			39
1150	(a)	39
1149		3S
1146		38
114S		38
1152			40
1152	(a)	40
1152	(b)	40
1152	(c)	40
1153		40
Bill	(c)	40
1153	pi, (c)	40
1153	(a)	40
1154		40
1154	(c)	40
1154	(d)	41
1154	(b), (e) 40	-41
1154	(a)	40
1144	(h)	36
		50
	.	49
	1	49
	o 6	50
	4	50
	2	49Index.
62
Order
Law regulating: temporary floors in buildings in course of construction (see “Temporary floors,’' etc.,
page 53) -------------------------- -----
Law, scaffolding, for protection of workmen (see “Scaffolding law,” etc.,
page 51)_______________________ _____
Life lines and safety belts______________ 1143
Where required ______________________ 1143
M
Machinery must be guarded________________ 1111
Maintenance of elevators, law regulating (see “Law regulating the construction, operation and mamte-nance of elevators,” etc., page 49)
O
Openings in Hours to be guarded (see lloor openings to be guarded,”
page 33) _________________________ 113S
Openings in walls to be guarded____________ 1139
Where required _______________________ 1139
Out rigger scaffolds ---------------------- 1126
Construction _________________________ 1126
Overloading prohibited_____________________ 1158
Oxy-acetylene. gas welding and cutting
processes ________________________ 1161
Application __________________________ 1161
Approved welding apparatus____________ 1161
Cylinders ____________________________ 1161
Location near work________________ 1161
Operation_________________________ 1161
Protection when b e i n g transported _________________________   1161
Rough handling prohibited_________ 1161
Secure against falling____________ 1161
Storage of charged cylinders_____ 1161
Kye protection _______________________ 1161
National Board of Fire Underwriters regulations relating to storage of
calcium carbide __________________ 1161
Operation of more than one torch
outfit ___________________________ 1161
Operation of valves___________________ 1161
Oxygen hose to conform to standard
practice _________________________ 1161
Playing a burning torch prohibited.- 1161
Protecting persons when welding______	1161
Requirements for operation of acetylene generators ______________________ 1161
Section
(a)
(a)
(a )
(a ) (a )
( m ) fa ) (f>
(g)
(b)
(c) (e)
(d)
0)
(n)
fs)
(h)
fp)
(q)
(k)
(o)
Page
53
51
36
36
10
49
o o O O
34
3	4 24 24
4	2
4 3 4 3 4 5 4 3 44 44
44
44
44 4 4
45
45
4 6
44
46 46
45
45Index.
63
Requirement of regulation T-socket
cylinder valve key---------------
Restrictions in using oily and greasy
substances ______________________
Transferring of acetylene, etc., prohibited _____________________________
P
Painters' suspended sea ft olds------------
Bolts in putlogs----------------------
Dimensions of planks for various
heights of buildings______________
Factor of safety of ropes-------------
Factor of safety of hooks-------------
Requirements for building washers when using solutions containing
acids ________________.___________
Safety lines--------------’-----------
Safety rail -----------------------
Sp;ins between falls__________________
Stirrups and slings___________________
Table giving sizes of stage ladders___
Tying scaffold to building____________
Piling material----------------------------
Bags of cement________________________
Brick_________________________________
Lumber _______________________________
Pole scaffolds ____________________________
Definition of ledger__________________
Definition of putlog__________________
Size of materials for certain heights..
Q
Qualifications of hoisting engineers----
Order	Section	Page
liti	(i)	45
1161	fj)	45
1161	m	46
1131		29
1131	id)	29
1131	(a), (b)	29
1131	(j)	30
1131	(i)	30
1131	(k) to (m)	30-31
1131	f lì)	30
1131	fn)	31
1131	ff)	29
1131	fo)	29
1131	(S)	30
11 31	(e)	29
1156		41
1156	Tb)"	41
1156	fa)	41
115 6	(c)	42
1121		20
1121		20
1121		20
1121	(a)	20
1116	(a)	16
R
Railings _________________________________ 1122
Construction ________________________ 1122
Side screens ------------------------ 1122
Where required ______________________ 1122
Ramps ------------------------------------ 114 0
Construction _______________________   1140
Removal of safeguards or safety devices
prohibited ______________________ 1112
Reports to the Department of Safety-------	11 OS
ResponsibPity of employer_________________ 1102
Responsibility of employee________________ 1103
Rivet heaters ____________________________ 1124
Location ____________________________ 1134
Riveters’ scaffolds_______________________ 1132
Defective rope prohibited____________ 1132
fb)
(c)
(a)
(•\)
fa)
fa)
fa)
fa)
fa)
Tb)
21
K
21
21
31
34
10
10
3
o
CjC. CUI64
Index.
	Order	Section	Page
Size of needle beams _ 		- _ 1132	(c)	31
Size of platforms _ 			1132	(d)	31
Size of ropes 			1132	(a)	31
Runways _ _ 		1142		35
Cleats, construction of	_ - 1142	(b)	35
Width - _ 			 1142	(a)	35
Where railings are required	1142	(c)	35
S
Safeguards or safety devices, removal of,
prohibited________________________
Safety belts and life lines________________
Where required _______________________
Safety hooks_______________________________
Open hooks prohibited in hoisting_____
Safety nets________________________________
Size of rope and borders______________
Where required _______________________
Sanitation ________________________________
Requirement of water closets or privies in places of employment-
Scaffolds__________________________________
Built up (see “Built up scaffolds,“
page 22) _________________________
Bricklayers’ pole (see “Bricklayers’
pole scaffolds,” page 21)_________
Bricklayers’ or masons’ suspended (see “Bricklayers’ or masons*
suspended scaffolds,” page 27)____
Design and dimensions of members______
Schedules for certain heights_____
Special adjustable----------------
Figure four or light outrigger (see “F'igure four or light outrigger
scaffolds,” page 24) -------------
General requirements for construction
Lumber____________________________
Inspection of___________________
Nails ____________________________
Bent nails prohibited-----------
Driven full length--------------
Distribution____________________
Minimum sizes-------------------
Strength________________________
Unsafe types of scaffolds prohibited __________________________
Horse (see “Horse scaffolds,” page
26) ______________________________
Outrigger (see “Outrigger scaffolds,”
page 24) _________________________
Painters* suspended (see “Painters’ suspended scaffolds,” page 29)_________
1112	(a)	10
1143		36
1143	(a)	36
1157				42
1157	(a)	42
1133		32
1133	(b)	32
1133	(a)	32
	—	ÒD
	1	55
ÏÏ24	—	19
1124	—	22
1123	—	21
1129		27
1125		23
1125	(a),(b)	23
1125	(c) to (i)	24
1126			24
1120	(a)	19
1120	(b)	19
1120	(b) 1	20
1120	(c)	20
1120	(c) 3	20
1120	(02	20
1120	(04	20
1120	( c ) 1	20
1120	(c)	20
1120	(d)	20
1127	—	26
1126			24Index.
Section
65
Order
Tuckpointers’ suspended (sec “Tuck- 1131 pointers’ suspended scaffolds,”
page 28) _________________________ 1130
Scaffolding law for protection of workmen -------
Penalty______________________________ _____
'Safety lines_________________________ _____
Safety rail__________________________ _____
Schedules of design and dimensions of
built up scaffolds_________________ 1125
Schedules for certain heights_________ 1125
Special adjustable scaffolds__________ 1125
Shafts, elevator (see “Elevator shafts,”
page 19) __________________________ 1119
Sidewalk sheds, temporary__________________ 1159
Construction _________________________ 1159
Signals, construction hoisting (see “Hoisting signals, construction,” page
IS)________________________________ 1118
Slings ____________________________________ 1136
Construction _________________________ 1136
Riding prohibited ____________________ 1137
Stairwells and stairs---------------------- 1141
Construction _________________________ 1141
Guard rails on stairways_____________ 1141
Stairways in buildings over 60 feet
in height _________________________ 1141
Toeboard to be provided_______________ 1141
Treads________________________________ 1141
When to be installed------------------ 1141
Suspended scaffolds, bricklayers* or masons’ (see “Bricklayers’ or masons’ suspended scaffolds,”
page 27) __________________________ 1129
Suspended scaffolds, painters* (see “Painters’ suspended scaffolds,”
page 29) __________________________ 1131
Suspended scaffolds, tuckpointers’ (see “Tuckpointers’ suspended scaffolds,” page 28) __________________________ 1130
T
Temporary floors in buildings in course
of construction_________________ _____
By whom provided____________________ _____
Dimensions of planks---------------- -----
Distance between planked floors----- -----
Distance of erection gang from riveting gang --------------------------- -----
Enforcement ________________________ _____
Floor below erection gang----------- -----
Floor below riveting gang___________ _____
Intermediate beams _________________ _____
o
o
4
9
1
(a), (b) (c) to (i)
(a)
(a)
(a)
7a)" Ml (f)
(g)
(b)
(e), (h)
(c)
4
3
1(d)
2
1(e)
1(f)
1(c)
Page
29
2S
51
52 51 51
23
23
24
19
42
42
IS
33
33
33
34
34
35
35
34
35 34
27
29
2S
53 55 55
54
55 55 54 54 5466
Index.
	Order	Section	Page
Reinforced concrete buildings			1(a)	53
Safety nets (size of rope and borders)					o Ó	
Specifying heights of buildings						1	53
Steel frame buildings		1(b)	54
When buildings are constructed in sections _ 	—		1(h)	54
When building operations are suspended _		1(g)	54
Toeboards _* - 		 _	1122			21
Construction __ _ - -	1122	(b)	21
Where required	1122	(a)	21
Side screens, where required			1122	(c.)	21
Towers, construction (see “Construction towers,” page 11)	1113		11
Tucknointers* suspended scaffolds _	1130		2 ^
Hales, stirrups and slings		1130	fa)	2S
Bolts in putlogs	1130	(d)	2 S
Dimensions of platform	1130	(e)	2$
Dimensions of putlogs	1130	(c)	21
Safety cable	1130	(b)	2S
W Wall nptMiings to be guarded		1139		34
Where required	1139	(a)	14
Weldirljri and cutting p acetylene ami acetylene, gas ting processes. Wooden trusses, erection
Bracing________
Planks for walkways. Table giving sizes spans _________________
r o c esse s, oxy-gas (see “Oxy-welding and cut-pa® 43)---------
Of.
1161 112$ 11 2 S 11 2 S
planks and
_______ 111S
HI
(b)
(c)
4 3 2 0
■
O
1300 4-23 2500