1 «~39 n; ," , 4‘s, ’1‘ DESIGNS FOR PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS IN LONDON AND WESTMINSTER. THE SECOND IMPRESSION; WITH FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS AND EXPLANATORY ILLUSTRATIONS. BY JOHN SOANE, PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY; ONE OF THE ARCHITECTS ATTACHED TO HIS MAJESTY’S OFFICE OF WORKS; ARCHITECT TO THE BANK OF ENGLAND; F.R.S.——R.A.—F.S.A.; MEMBER OF THE ACADEMIES 0F PAINTING, SCULPTURE, AND ARCHITECTURE, 1N PARMA AND FLORENCE. Bid Harbours open, Public Ways extend; Bid Temples, worthicr of the God, ascend; Bid the broad Arch the dang’rous flood contain; The Mole projected break the roaring main; Back to his bounds the subject Sea. command, And roll obedient Rivers thro‘ the land; These Honours, Peace to happy Britain brings,— These are Imperial Works, and worthy Kings. LONDON: PRINTED BY JAMES MOYES, TOOK’S COURT, CHANCERY LANE. M-DCCC.XXVIII. {f file's; LI}; 1&3. ,‘ «Mm “mm: m 35125226: ‘14? a: ‘ $5; a: / _....' A \r/ ,- , ’ i' ‘1 ,sm /3 v“ 1’3 ' 2 [i «bra-Lu S a mars A Yam”: ., ' flit/£5. INTRODUCTION. ON the completion of the Designs for Public Improvements in London and Westminster, dedicated, by permission, to His MAJESTY, of which there were only’Twenty-five Copies printed, I intended that my Literary Labours should have terminated; but the very gracious manner in which His MAJESTY was pleased to receive that Work, has induced me to reprint it, with such Alterations and Illustrations as a revision of the Subject suggested. In the first impression of this Work, Architecture, the Queen of the Fine Arts, attended by her Handmaids, Painting and Sculpture, presents herself to the consideration and regard of the SOVEREIGN, who knows right well how to appreciate the utility and importance of this noble Art,—an Art which, in Imperial Works, combines and displays the mighty powers of Painting and Sculpture—Music and Poetry?“ * “ Les Arts ont tous, en general, 1a Nature pour objet; mais les uns y “ cherchent nos besoins, et les autres nosplaisirs. Ceux-lz‘i, enfans de “ l’industrieuse nécessité, nous soulagent dans nos peines, augmentent et “ multiplient nos forces, travaillent, en un mot, a notre conservation; “ ceuX-ci, nes dans le sein de la paix et de l’abondance, s’occupent de “ notre superflu et de nos amusemens. Les Beaux Arts ont 1e gout pour “ maltre, l’harmonie pour regle, 1a gloire pour but, et sont 2‘1 1a Nature ce que “ les graces sent a la beauté; ils l’etudient afin de l’embellir; ils l'imitent “ afin de nous charmer. On doit les regarder comme des génies enchanteurs, vi a ‘ qui ont l’univers entier pour empire ;——-disons mieux, ils ont créé un monde a ‘ nouveau, plus pompeux en quelque sorte, plus magnifique que le premier, a ‘ 01‘1 la brillante illusion commande en souveraine,—~ou l’esprit aime a a ‘ s’égarer, ou les sens sont agréablement séduits. Le Spectacle des Beauw Arts. Architecture consists of three distinct branches; Civil, Military, and Naval : — Civil Architecture teaches us to erect magnificent Temples for the Worship of the great Architect of the Universe; and Palaces and Houses to enable mankind to enjoy the inestimable blessings of life, and the elegant refinements of polished Society:— Military Architecture instructs us to raise Castles and Forts to protect us on Landz—and Naval Architecture shews us how to construct Ships to waft our Merchandise from Indus to the Pole,— to guard our Coasts against Insult and Invasion,——to protect the Throne of the Monarch and the Cottage of the Peasant,——and to convey the tremendous Thunder of Britain to the most distant parts of the Globe ! Hence arises that proud pre-eminence which Architecture, by prescriptive right, seems ‘to hold over the other Fine Arts—even . from the very order in which she is placed. Speaking of them, we say, Painting, Sculpture, and ARCHITECTunnz—in Grammar, the three degrees of comparison are distinguished by the positive, com- parative, and SUPERLATIVE; and in like manner we say, our King, our Country, and our GOD! 33m Hr1mwd f mlfi‘p W..: W m: _, final—1H: i 7 \_X\N\,,\ a . . A «\n , K\\\\ \ AWN < \ PAIR K a E 1 A \ x \IT (0 HIV TD [NY :I 1 ‘I‘ .Y’ K I J 'P’JI ((‘ K“ .A\ W IN) N ”HR A N «K ‘ EH .1); a; 'w K \v I \ \ \ _ _\ < \ \\ ./ x . ( K ,/ . \ f ‘ ~ '1, 2 \ ,7; g . (D -3; "3; , .7 I 9; ¥ 1’ \ A;1«\\\. _ yr\\~ ‘ , — :— / A‘ BQW‘. , 1,, ; ,__ 117' : - \\ ‘ / ‘1. _ _/ \ «r-u,‘ , 1fi<\\‘ \$‘\ \ ‘ .. » M \\ W ' -—fi ,§g\;\‘\1‘1‘=\§§§:\§%§1\ ‘ ‘ «Vii/x 1 * I 5\J§\v1% \\\ . 3‘3» 7‘ ”4 ‘ =1 .W , “R 3 A u \ ’ , M V 3) U 1 f; \ {WQN \ fix ‘3‘” ,‘ j a | [ME\}§::§}\‘§I I l ' I ’ \ / I _ _ 1 1,1 ‘ . p! 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During the time I was honoured with the situation of Architect for New Buildings in the Royal Woods, Parks, and Forests, by command of His late MAJESTY I made a Design for an Entrance Lodge from Piccadilly into Hyde Park, terminated with an Equestrian Statue of His present MAJESTY, then PRINCE of WA LES : —— The execution of this Design, approved by His MAJESTY, and exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1796, was postponed on account of the expense, which, exclusive of the Equestrian Statues, amounted to about Ten Thousand Poundsz—Subsequently, .1 made Designs to commemorate the splendid Victories of Trafalgar and Waterloo, and to connect the Western Entrance into the Metropolis with those into the Royal Parks. One of these compositions was exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1817, and another in 1826. In composing these Designs, the general idea of which was suggested by the Entrance into the Acropolis at Athens, I considered, that appropriate character and suitable magnificence, utility and economy, would be best consulted by combining the Entrances into the Metropolis and Royal Parks with the Lodges and other appurtenances belonging B Plate i. Plate ii. Designs for Western Entrances. 2 thereto, so that the whole should make one uniform pile:1_._To avoid monotony, and to produce contrast, variety, and movement, the lateral Entrances, subordinate to those in the centres, are composed of massive iron-work, enriched with foliage and armorial bearings in bronze, similar to the superb and highly decorated iron-railing and lofty gates,—the admiration of Foreigners,—-between the Deer-park and the Terrace facing the Thames in the Royal Domains of Hampton-Court Palace. There was another Design for an Entrance into the Metropolis, in the last Exhibition of the Royal Academy, intended to combine together the classical simplicity of the Grecian, the magnificence of the Roman, and the rich and playful effects so strongly marked in our ancient Ecclesiastical Structures, particularly in our Cathedrals,—those superb Monu- ments of National Glory,——Temples worthy of the Divinity; Whose appearance excites such solemn and contemplative ideas, that it is impossible to enter those sacred Edifices without feelings of the deepest awe and profound veneration for their pious Founders: 9 ——~“ Entrons,’ says a celebrated French Writer on Architecture,——“ clans quelqu’une de a. ‘ nos belles Eglises Gotlliquesz—IJIacons nous au centre de la croiséez—écartons en imagination tous les empéchemens‘2 qui génent la vuez—Que verrons-nous? une distri- bution charmante, 01‘1 l’oeil plonge délicieusement a travers plusieurs enfoncemens, dont “ les vitraux répandent la lumiére avec profusion et inégalité; un chevet en polygone on ces aspects se multiplient, se diversifient encore davantage; un mélange, un mouve- u ment, un tumulte de percés et de massifs, qui jouent, qui contrastent, et dont l’efl‘et entier est ravissant.” ”film: ‘9 $18th A ; 9 1 JV f/z 121/ 1' ks' .s' / [J/IZ'K' \ \ {7 ‘ \ \ r/ /’/’// ‘\ \ \ :~ Brailllckjllg'hzuu , House /J(/ /' X' \\ ‘-_____ \ \ -‘ l1)” ”fa (4“ PW “WT \‘N’W \ '1‘”? ‘H \ \ .-—' Inn/fl" ‘ ‘WD 1R A ‘R 'O‘YA VI: 'PS\‘1..'\_C' ‘1". . \ \ L 7" ~, \ \ \\ \ \. ‘1 x \ \ \ \ ”(g/Jig: \ , ,I' " ‘ :- -: :w \\ \\ 7?}; (A -_ ¥ u 'S'PEJ '{7 01m ' Itj’zm 1m fl’z’xtijbbr’f/ ZI" , 7' _ , m rm r2 4'33 ! \ x g r-7 , Z \l K (é, ‘R W: WWW §3fl\\\4%+ 1» \N , y. \ h —;-=-il '. xv, . 1—— 'III i'l‘ ‘1. n - , A EVE \ )- ‘- ~‘ Qli§\1\, \ an “A , m. 9 83K ’I \} . u 7, 1/4. . - ‘ ,, ,E .- H F 7 ll? ‘ iga' /\ , 7 - ,— .. V. :7 n . ‘ ~ r, . . ‘ , :5: '31.“ “4.3"" ' “ ‘ A I ‘ f \ n’ ' ~ \ " - l I“ ‘ '4 3‘ ‘ ‘1 I ‘1‘ I: 21‘ h: ‘ Ai‘ ‘ ‘ 1% I, I \ Mfg“ ‘ 2 my I “ r ‘ _‘: ‘ I “ i 'F‘ ‘ ”N \ . u 1 . A- . ‘2 . / ~ A - r ‘ ’ "/ 7’ I ‘ ‘ Ax” I ‘1‘,- . - Q R i — ‘1 ' q‘ .5 ‘ .{ l :— "2' III" \‘ "um- n ' V ~ \_ ~ — j 'tfifi,.“s..-~ E2? \_. .li ~ \12; :. ,. 4 -...!!!||||| Li 5ganlllniiii'uni’.i‘ ii 3.7..“ <:” 17—7-1- ...I'lxl} XI“ i V: ‘ ' V" f \‘T-t , ”f 1-, " .l'“In...""H'JIIWA w in .m. mi I ‘ ‘ ,— A _ . , , Illl‘li‘flfi. I Iii-5'5. 37‘ '2: , .2 ~w .L...!!!||!!|!!!!§mguglfisg.nfi§%: _ B 4—,”! a. “2:: mg , ===Y. . / ., / // /. —I — DESKCGN F (DR A 1R©YAL PALACE o ' Viz/e Plan l’zm’t of a Series of Designs connociod with 1:11P Newmnlrance to 'lheflouse ofLonis. « made 111 the Year 1822. DESIGN FOR A ROYAL PALACE, TO BE ERECTED ON CONSTITUTION HILL. IN 1815, the care of Buckingham House was intrusted to me; and, during the time His MAJESTY was pleased to continue me in that situation, I made Designs for a New Palace, exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1821—and subsequently with alterations. The New Palace, according to this Plan, was to be constructed on a most elevated and salubrious spot—an eminence happily designated “ Constitution Hill :” Every thing seems adapted to give eligibility to this site—it embraces all the advantages of Hyde Park, and is free from many of its inconveniences. The principal Front of the New Palace would have commanded Views of the venerable Abbey Church of Westminster, the Mausoleum of Monarchs and Statesmen:——the noble Cathedral of St. Paul’s, the Architectural Shrine of Heroesz—the Monument or Column, erected to perpetuate the great Fire of London in 1666 : *—-the numerous Churches and Spires of the Metropolis :——the ever-flowing Thames, its mercantile Forests of Masts and noble Bridges, with the undulating Hills of Surrey and Kent bounding the horizon, closing the Scene, and making a superb Frame to the Picture : —~— The Royal Palace, with the Entrance from Piccadilly into the First Court, and the Entrance into Hyde Park, combined with the Western Entrance into London, would form an Approach into the Metropolis of the British Empire unrivalled in Europe: ——The principal Approach for His MAJESTY from Windsor Castle into the New Palace was intended to be through Hyde Park, under the Arched Entrance into Piccadilly,—crossing that Street to the Lodges in front of the Palace, and from thence under a Triumphal Arch into the Royal ’“‘ Sec Maitland’s History of London, p. 440. Plates iii. and iv. Design for [1 Royal Palace. 44 Court:-—-—— Facing this Arch is a capacious Portico, level with the Floor of the State The Access to this Portico is by an extensive flight of steps, circum- Apartments : scribed by large Pedestals, in whichiEntrances are made into the Rooms on the Ground There is also an Approach into the Portico for Carriages, formed by inclined This Ascent Floor : planes, constructed after the manner of the Scala Cordonata of the Italians: is protected by a series of Colossal Lions and Unicorns (placed alternately), in imitation of the Approaches to some of the ancient Temples, instead of balustrades ,3 a mode of decoration not to be found in any of the remains of ancient Structures; By means of this Carriage- way, His MAJESTY, alighting under the Portico, enters the summer and winter Apartments of the Palace, without the trouble and inconvenience of ascending a staircase. DESIGN FOR AN ENTRANCE INTO DOWNING STREET FROM ST. JAMES’S PARK, AND FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE BOARD OF TRADE, THE PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE, AND OTHER PUBLIC OFFICES CONNECTED THEREWITH. ‘- WHEN His MAJESTY is pleased to go from this Palace to the House of Lords, the Royal Procession would pass by Buckingham House,* by the Palace of St. James, and by Carlton Palace, to a Monopteral Temple, to be erected contiguously to the parade in the front of the Horse Guards, enshrining in the centre a Statue of His late ROYAL HIGHNESS THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.4 This Monument might, with great propriety, be at: When this was written, there was no intention, I believe, of altering the Interior of Buckingham House, or of removing Carlton Palace. «mam ummw ; 3 . ‘9 9.3134 '9 9w {J VIEW (DIE A, HDJJS‘MGN FUR A i» (ON 1U MEENWI" AND) 1ND 11%; ”RIM“; ”JI‘TI"A\’EWE ’II‘JHIE VM"W'(()RL 1S 0‘]? THE AFAL GAME AND WYATJERLKDQJ 9 «K’ C a ‘1‘: «(a PLAN 3: ENTERJBKDR OF THE FOREGUING .DESJIGNa T’Iuh‘ (3. I’ng'0"3. .m‘uw .~,,;a, ins-ma % '9 93941 ‘31th , ENTRANCE FRQDM ST «YANKEE S°S PARK ,l[N’_!I‘ <0) 11D) (D‘WNIIN G PMK‘IE. o C27:"_ 1 ’9 633m '9 9113111 1.! 11 '1'” 11 111111J1 u (I ; ;,. “up“..n , -434...“ - 3% -L—1.11 ‘ ——;.—u 1‘ ‘3. : If?" 1 Y; R VIEW (OF THE PRHW (TLO’UN ((711114 (GREECE fl P‘- — H37 i§:’ AND JIMDATD) (OF TRADE; &ca&co 5 connected with another that was generally spoken of immediately after the arrival in England of the news of the glorious Battle of Waterlooz—On that occasion, some Members of Parliament entertained the idea of voting three hundred thousand pounds to perpetuate, by some great National Work, that brilliant Victory, and the other splendid successes obtained by the exertions of British valour by sea and land. To attain these objects, » I propose the erection of a superb Sepulchral Church, with lofty Catacombs in the substructions of the Edifice;—with Recesses, forming the aisles of the Church, decorated with Naval Monuments,—Military Trophies,—~and Basso-relievos. In the centre of the Chapel or Recess, facing the principal Entrance, a Statue to be placed of His late Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief: —the body of the Church to be appropriated to the performance of Divine Service, for the use of the Guards, and the Catacombs to the reception of the Remains of those Heroes who had fought in defence of their Country. Leaving this Monument of national feeling and gratitude, the Royal Procession enters Downing Place under a Triumphal Arch, intended to commemorate the great achievements of our Naval Heroes: This Arch, surmounted by a lofty Attic, crowned with an Equestrian Statue, in bronze, of His late MAJESTY, is decorated with Sculpture representing the Defeat of the “ Invincible,”——the Spanish Armada,—and with other appropriate orna- ments, the works of British Artists. On the north and south sides of the enlarged Area of Downing Place, are the Official Residences of the First Lord of the Treasury, the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the three Secretaries of State, and the Judge Advocate: the east end is terminated with a Triumphal Arch, erected to perpetuate the splendid and glorious Victories obtained by British military valourz—This Arch is surmounted, like the former, by a lofty Attic, decorated with Representations of the Battle of Waterloo, and other appropriate Sculpture:-—-On the Attic there is an Equestrian Statue of His present MAJESTY, who, as the Guardian and Protector of our Laws and Liberties, points to the two Houses of Parliament, to the Courts C Design for an Entrance, (ye. Plates v. and vi. Plate v. Plate viii. Design for an Entrance, (fire. Plate ix A. Plate ix. B. 6 of Judicature, and to that superb and unique Monument, Westminster Hall. The Triumphal Arch last described also connects together the Treasury,-—the Board of Trade,—the Council Office,~—and other Public Establishments.‘ BOARD OF TRADE AND PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE. SEVERAL DESIGNS have been made for the Board of Trade and New Council Office :— The original directions of the Lords Commissioners of His MAJEs'rY’s Treasury were, to pre- pare Designs of a Building for the suitable accommodation of the Privy Council and Board of Trade, confining the extent of the Front to the space between Downing Street and the Treasury Passage:——For this purpose a Design was made, which being considered too plain, another was composed in a more enriched character, with an Order of Architecture the same in all its parts and dimensions as in the little Temple at Tivoliz—The effect of this beautiful composition, for ages the admiration of the lovers of classical Archi— tecture, may be seen in the Exterior of the Bank of England, executed, in every respect, according to the Original. In this Design the Columns were sufficiently insulated, like those in the Stoa at Athens, to produce that fine effect of light and shadow so well understood by the Greeks and Romans, and which constitutes one of the great beauties of Architecture. The First Lord of the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer having approved of this Design, the Works were begun. During the progress thereof, the insulated Columns were changed into three-quarter Columns, and the light Order of the Temple at Tivoli gave place to the more majestic Corinthian Order of the three Columns in the Campo Vacino, supposed to be the Remains of the Temple of Jupiter Stator:——-—-In these Designs, the» extent of the Front was confined to the space “1°: 9 e39 4 '6 awn , m ,v7- 7..— I ”man 99% IW5 @3an AM WWWW WHW'W ' 'W‘W"WWW;.WL r me fiflnnnmg A II—I Elevation for the Muplaion for the El! :11? 'IllfiJ Huh .- JI __—__—__ ..... -'_'-'qI- F" _'-V -I g I (E- , :L|=:!: {Jig H r 1. WI: | I l I 'r' "f I..- Privy Council Office K‘Bou'd of Trade 8mm. II_I‘ I IIIII lLEVATIIONS OF THE BOARD 0]? TRADE . Plate 10. Page 7 EN TIER {OR (DTP T HIE iPRJVY C OIITN (GIL ((7 “AMBER a 7 Board of Trade , and 7 _ . . . PrivyCouncilOfice. between Downing Street and the Treasury Passage. I was afterwards directed to continue the Front of the Privy Council'Office and Board of Trade -to the extremity of the Official Residence of the Secretary of State. for the Home Department. This" extension PlateiX-C- of the Front in an unbroken line, produced a monotonous effectz—Another Design was PlateiX-D made, with a Pavilion of six Columns at each extremity 'of the Building:——According to this Plan, the northern Pavilion would project several feet ‘on the footway':6 This difficulty, occasioned by the line of Front having been turned considerably further westward than originally intended, may be overcome by making Downing Street the centre of the Front, and by continuing the line of the Building southward to the same extent, PlateiX-E- so as to afford space for the State Paper Office, an Official Residence for the Secretary of State for the Home Department, and for the Public Records now deposited in West? minster Hall and in other insecure places.7 This line might also be continued to Great George Street, and Residences erected for the Corps Diplomatique; the great Law Officers; and others connected with the public affairs of the Country: This arrangement would give great variety and picturesque effect to the Facade, enriched with a View of King Henry the Seventh’s Chapel and Westminster Abbey Church; —~ and it would likewise have the advantage of leaving the Official Residence of the Secretary of State for the Home Department to be added to the Treasury Chambers, to which it is contiguous, and where very considerable accommodations are wanted for the despatch of the important duties of that Department, and for the convenience of the Public. These Buildings, continued through Downing Place into St. James’s Park, forming one general Plan, might be completed a plusieurs reprises; and it may be added, the Platesviiandviii. accommodation of the Public, and the safety of the State Papers and invaluable Records, require the adoption of this or some such prqjet. New Law Courts. Plate x. 8 In every Architectural Composition, the style of the Ewterior determines the character of the Interior Decorations: and whenever the application of this axiom is neglected, the want of sound judgment and good taste in the Architect will always be manifested:— Upon this principle, and with due regard to the character and destination of this Building, the Privy Council Chamber assumes an appearance of magnificence;8 whilst the other Rooms, as Offices, are finished in the most simple and substantial manner, suitable to the character of Public Offices:——The new Board-Room of the Board of Trade owes the manner in which it has been finished to the same cause as determined the Decorations of the Privy Council Chamber, and to the old Board-Room being the identical Chamber in which the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth was born. To preserve the recollection of this Room, the new Board-Room is decorated in the same character; and such of the Ornaments as could be taken down now form the enrichments of the new Board-Room of the Board of Trade. From these Offices there is a direct com— munication with the Board of Treasury, the Treasury-Chambers, and with the Official Residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, &c.9 The next Public Structures in the line of the Royal Procession, are Westminster Hall, and the New Law Courts. DESIGNS FOR THE NEW LAW COURTS. IN July 1820, I was directed by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury to prepare Plans for the New Law Courts, to be erected on the space between the north-west Turret of the stone Building in St. Margaret’s Street, leading to the House of Commons, as aw 9 and the north-west Tower of Westminster Hall—the new Edifice to project into New Palace Yard as far as the Buildings erected in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. -——- Iwished West- minster Hall—that majestic pile, which for ages had been the admiration and boast of this envied Island—to have been insulated; but the site for the New Courts was too limited to admit of so great a sacrifice of the space allotted:—~—Westminster Hall, to be duly appreciated, must be seen with the feeling of the Painter and the mind of the Poet:——- Thus influenced, the Architect created this bold and mighty Monument of National Glory, which, like the Sublime and terrific conceptions of Michael Angelo, strikes the beholder with awe and admiration: ——-To attempt to make the New Courts to the west, and the similar Building to the east, correspond with the Exterior of Westminster Hall, would be too great a sacrifice of time and expensez—With this view of the subject, it seemed to me desirable that the new Buildings should be composed in a style totally different, and not sufl‘ered to abut on Westminster Hall; but be considered merely as frames to the grand Picture formed by the Northern Entrance into that unique and superb Structure”. The Site for the New Law Courts being determined, I consulted the Judges, some of the Barristers, and the Solicitors, as well as the Officers of the several Courts, to learn what improvements or additional accommodations they would consider necessary, in the event of New Law Courts being erectedz—I next considered if any part of the old Building could be retained, without prejudice to a general Plan, embracing convenience and suitable importance; but, after a complete survey of the premises, the dilapidated state of the Building soon convinced me that utility and economy would be best consulted by pulling down the whole of this heterogeneous and irregular mass, except the Court of Exchequer and Record-rooms under it, which appeared capable of repairz—Upon this View of the subject the first Design was made, in which the Court of Exchequer was preserved D New Law Courts. New Law Courts. 1-0 nearly in its original state, as to its situation and elevation above the pavement of Westminster Hall, thereby leaving the Rooms under the Court as before, for the reception of the numerous, and, as stated to me, invaluable Records. To make a Plan, combining together seven Courts of Judicature, and all their numerous, complicated appurtenances, in a Space not much larger than Westminster Hall, trammelled with the buttresses of the Hall, the irregular projection of the old Stone Buildings, and with other obstacles not less formi- dable, was a task of great difficulty, and seemed almost impossible : —after repeated attempts, I succeeded in composing a generaLPlan, that satisfied me the Site assigned was sufficient. I then completed the Plans for the Courts, in all their details, leaving the appearance of Westminster Hall and the area of New Palace Yard the same as in the time of Queen Elizabeth. These Plans and two Elevations, —— one preserving the character of the Exterior of the Building next New Palace Yard, erected in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and the other corresponding with the stone Building in St. Margaret’s Street, — were submitted to the Lords of the Treasury :———Their Lordships having attentively considered the same, were pleased to direct me to lay them before the Judges of the different Courts, for their opinion and approbation :———— In obedience to their commands, I attended the Judges with the Plans, who observed, that the Courts should not be too large—the old Courts were sufficiently capacious :— Various improvements were suggested by their Lordships, and made in the Plans from time to time, to the satisfaction of the Judges of the different Courts, and to many of the Gentlemen of the Bar to whom they were shewn. Several weeks were occupied in making these arrangements: during that time a large portion of the old Court of Exchequer, erected in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and the Rooms under the Court for the Records, proposed by my Plan11 to be left in statu quo, had been taken down, and alterations made, whereby the space originally '3‘ Q”; *“ “2% TI 9.3% 116;th 15,111,711) 141-. .’ Real-my Rap)”, /, WE STMIN STER 442mm ‘ I 09 I I’qfrdyz to M4 17mm? of arm/um v ’b (hurt or” Err/immi- (four! of (iwzmvn flaw / V V , W 17w WM Maltrzflnflr (27m W‘g Jrfiqy x0 » 9g; 0m ”bylaw ; 'j flab-lure ' ' w 171: ‘ Home 0f ' . i5 [2mm ’- fi’m'rn'zp .Zl’mwz rfvr t/IK ,. 172w Mandi/pr Jn‘eadazmr fi/I flu" lord {/7111} (ll/4v 721’ KW'¢m’r ‘Ra‘zhhg flufo m. i"!'-mu¢¢of : 4 t filmy ill I , \ Librafy 11115179 ~ ' , 1 Grand Lulu!” 7‘ M15101! Ill ‘7 Jury ¢ Ifl‘kj to Me [711.71141] 34f Kai/“myflzmm '3 fudgm‘ J‘erywlwv g - .. pg § ‘ «‘1 §, & '5 ,3; E N N u ‘-‘ § 7 N .7"- - 4, , . § ‘ 3 't N g2 {1 f 1110 : A 4": ,l f” i .7" n4 LAW (F «MUM TS; 11 allotted for the site of the New Courts was so materially circumscribed, that it became necessary to make an entire new arrangement, and to remodel the first Design.‘——- Under these circumstances, it now became animportant question, in what style and character the Exterior of the New Law Courts ought to be composed,———it must be, either in the Roman manner, to assimilate with the old Stone Building in St. Margaret’s Street; or after the ancient manner, as it is called, to correspond, as much as possible, withthe Exterior of the Northern Entrance into Westminster Hall. The time and expense required to complete such 3. Structure is a most serious difficulty to grapple with; and to attempt to make the New Courts —-which, unless internal convenience is entirely disregarded, must consist of many parts—— assimilate with the bold and simple features of Westminster Hall, is too arduous and hazardous a task to be undertaken, except from absolute necessity z—After mature deliberation and due consideration, 1 judged that the magnificence of Westminster Hall would be best preserved by keeping the new Building as little connected with the old as possible,—-and by making the Exterior of them in a character entirely different from the Northern Entrance into Westminster Hallz—This point determined, another Design was made, containing the seven Law Courts :— The High Court Of The High Court of Chancery has a Retiring-room for the Lord Chancellor, a Room for Chanceri. J his Lordship’s Attendants, a Library for the use of the two Courts of Chancery (this was likewise appropriated for the use of the Masters in Chancery), a Robing-room and Retiring- room for the Barristers, a Room for the Sealers, and another for the Court-keeper; also a large Gallery for the convenience of the Students and others connected with the Court, , exclusive of the accommodation for the Students and Public in the area of the Court: —— Vice'—gh¢li§leellor’s The Vice-Chancellor’s Court has a Retiring-room for his Honour, a Room for the on . Attendants, and a Room for the Gentlemen of the Bar:— T’lec%‘:;:{King'S The principal Entrances into this Court are from Westminster Hall and Mw Palace Yard ,- there is also an Entrance for the Judges from St. Margaret’s Street, and another from New Palace Yard; with an Ante-room, a Retiring-room, and other accommodations for the use of their Lordships, and a Room for their Clerks:—The King’s Counsel and the other Gentlemen of the Bar have a distinct Entrance from New Palace .Yard into the Ante-room adjoining the Court; at the west end of this Room is a Staircase leading to the Robing and Consulting-74002225 on the first floor :——T here is a Law Library,-—Rooms for the Solicitors and Clients of the Court, a Retiring-room for the Jury, accommodation for the Jury ‘in New Law Courts. Plate xi. New Law Courts. Courts of Exchequer and Equity. The Court of . Common Pleas. The Bail Court. 1% waiting and Witnesses, and three Rooms for the Grand Inquest Juries : —— There are two Galleries for the Students, the Public, and othersz—In the Basement Story there is a place of confinement for persons brought 'up to receive the final judgment of the Court; and Co ee-rooms and other necessary accommodations for the Public and others frequenting the Courts, with distinct accesses into them from New Palace Yard, thereby causing no annoyance to the judicial proceedings of the Court, or to the convenience of the Barristers and others :—— The Courts of Exchequer and Equity have a Retiring-room for the Lord Chief Baron and the other Judges; also Rooms for the King’s Remembrancer and the Masters in Equity; and on the first floor is a Retiring-room for the Gentlemen of the Bar, and other accom- modations : —— The Court of Common Pleas has a Retiring-room for the Judges, another for the Serjeants; accommodation for the Judges’ Clerks, and those of the Serjeants and the other Officers of the Court; sufficient spaces for the reception of the Records, with easy accesses to them :—there is also a Gallery for the Students, and another for the Public : ~— The Bail Court, formerly on the east side of Westminster Hall, is. now on the west, for the accommodation of the Judges of the Court of King’s Bench and for the greater despatch of the public business ‘of that Court :— I The relative situation of the different Courts had been settled by the Judges before the Works were commenced, as well as the appropriation of every room comprised in the New Law Courts :— Into each of the Courts there is an Entrance for the Judges from St. Margaret’s Street, — with Entrances into the Court of King’s Bench, Exchequer, Common Pleas, the High Court of Chancery, and the Vice-Chancellor’s Court, from Westminster Hall, by large apertures imme- diately under the ancient Windows and corresponding with them in every particularz—there is an Entrance into the Bail Court from Westminster Hall, and another from the Vestibule leading to the Court of King’s Bench : ——Besides these different approaches into the Courts, there are also two general lines of communication parallel to Westminster Hall,—one from the principal Entrance into the Court of King’s Bench, continued to the Staircase leading to the two Houses of Parliament, ——the other from the Retiring-room of the Judges of the Court of King’s Bench to the same Staircase. —These communications were to give the Judges easy access to the several Courts, for the accommodation of persons who might be required to attend Committees of the House of Commons, and for ready and direct accesses to the fig 1, “14”»: "$193BJ' at 319M C ‘7‘“ ; -_ g . S l ,wy NEW LAW (‘QDIITJRTSO ’2‘” m h ,_ {w w a N 5 I mflififlzuf , . ,g ,3? M x x ,, “\\\ M: \‘x‘ , \\ -. , \ 5:1 \ \ 5: §F¥§§ S ")TLHh‘fli‘L (v \. fix: 3 Wm M ‘ u N H {H nu , “\ ‘ 4a!» . .; ‘ ‘—~_.' ' _ >_._,>,_ ,___,k,_._s.._¢.‘. L ~§. , _ 2 ¥ 1’, \ _ . ‘ , /» ‘ ‘ ¥ ‘ "=4: "/ ; I ”7“ [I V , I 2 .‘ ’ ¥ & _. a x x / ¥ , ~ ' /V \ l I _ _ v n .. " , \ \- , , , / , , ’ - ‘ -_ "“1, _ I& ’ ‘ ' O. " ‘ . ‘- ‘..‘.;:;~of’v..:'- » ' ‘.‘.~.‘" ‘ , ‘ ~ ~ a; «.15- - / I, ., 47 - a, 1”: “a." ‘ 1 . I“? f‘ 5m. /ll\lfllt1|,\«1‘ H‘W “Wink -11 u...” XH\(H!\ :1 \l W , ‘ I, ‘ .«Ano.nl\ i ?/ lily”! x ( 1 , ‘ r 7v} run‘nhu‘uv . Kuhn .4 , ‘n‘1mV.um.‘...-\..'Mu, m.umuuuhhwduflhhfihnhl'llpflfinfislllgjl" , lfinwwwumtmlflum‘ull'hflllbdv’atrfiv’ 2:2. '5. med E. (CH AN (CER'YQ (7 @TITRT 0F agar. I. #2? E. in 115; N «(3 H: 3 9 KM N (1‘. «S {0 Hi" K“ (C) 1U HR 'H“ 13 Record Offices. To complete the New Law Courts, and to make the Interior of WESTMIN- STER HALL correspond with the magnificence of the Exterior, the modern pavement is to be lowered, if practicable, to the surface of the original Floor; —all the other modern alterations to be removed, and the-walls made to assume the same appearance they formerly had; New Law Courts. the south window, and the south end of the Hall also, are to be restored to their ancient..— splendour:——Immediately under the ancient windows of the Hall, and corresponding with them in every respect, large apertures have been made, leading into the different Courts; and if the spaces between the buttresses of this superb Building had been sufficiently capacious to admit of constructing the New Law Courts in them, like so many Chapels,—'Westminster Hall would then have assumed the appearance of a magnificent and solemn Temple, that would always be viewed with wonder and delight:———It would be doing great injustice to a Nobleman who has, on every occasion, evinced his regard for the Fine Arts, if it was not here noticed that this grand idea is one of the many examples of the good taste of Lord Farnborough. The arrangements shewn in the Plan of the New Law Courts having undergone various alterations and improvements, suggested by the Judges and other competent Authorities, were, with an elevation in imitation of Palladio’s celebrated Basilica at Vicenza, sanctioned by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury, the estimated expense of the Works voted in Parliament, and the Designs submitted to His Majesty : —— In July 1821 the Board of Treasury directed me to proceed in erecting the New Law Courts with the least possible delay. This great Work was immediately commenced, and the different parts thereof con- ducted with so much activity, that the internal finishings of the Court of Chancery were completed in every respect according to the directions given me; and every exertion was making to complete the interior finishings of the Court of King’s Bench, and of the other E Plate xii. Plate xiii. Plate xiv. New Law Courts. 14« Courts, to lessen, as much as possible, the great and serious inconveniences which the Judges and the Public suffered; which I had duly felt, from the commencement of the Building, and was most anxious to remove. The Works were visited in their progress by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Attorney-General (Sir Robert Gifford), Sir Charles Long, Mr. Herries, Mr. Bankes, and others; and I was not conscious that any disapprobation had been shewn to the New Law Courts,——excepting a trifling objection made by Mr. Bankes to the coloured glass, which, in deference and respect to the taste of that Honourable Gentleman, was immediately removed. The Works proceeded with the same zeal and alacrity, and, as I had flattered myself, to the satisfaction of the Public, until March, 1824, when it was stated in the Morning Prints, that “ The great projection of the new Structure into New Palace Yard ought to be demolished,” and that “ The Exterior of that Structure ought to have been in the Gothic style.” , To the first charge I have to state, that the projection of the new Structure into New Palace Yard is nearly the same as that traced out in the Buildings erected in the time onueen Elizabeth, and as in Mr. Wyatt’s Design, made in 1808, under the direction of a Select Committee of the House of Commonsz—In both these cases the Buildings abut on the N orth-West Tower of Westminster Hall : — In my Design there is a large open space between the New Building and the N orth-West Tower of Westminster Hall, so that the flank of this Tower is exposed, in all its details, to the full view of the spectator. To the second charge I have only to observe, that before the commencement of the Buildings, I contemplated the probability that the second objection might hereafter be made; and my Design was therefore so composed, that the Exterior of the New Building might at any time assume a different characterz—a reference to the Drawings will shew how easy it would be to convert the five Venetian apertures into Gothic Windows, the Balustrades into wit? a. $3? E. .W LAW «"0 YR TS . A \V TH: 74939.; '91 8mm ( ' Wirwgg, A - , .‘Lv, .. 9 , x r f“ ; g ' ' a fig; 117' ' .7 p ‘2‘1‘>‘:(_‘_ ‘ .- ‘ $7, I I, 1.75le 7:" ‘H I “RYE ' 7 _ 7 - g» Ar “‘2 ’7' ,7" ‘ Y —, It 2:: f 7 ;V r‘ 1 ‘ f , 1‘ L: * i “ V {i .‘ ,; ' ' ' . l . _ / ' *1 ( ll A “3:1,.1. \ @ f‘." M. ‘ H ‘79:: \ , P“ '13er mp ‘ {3 _ gm mH "r ‘ V « / , /W?}’3W€:q»>ar::-2§Z~$—'f;,«;,‘:I ‘ ,j; -M- ,_ . , . \ v.4’1" _ NEW LAW COURTS. if". 1 u. A r ‘7‘1. . ' >- ' f ‘ _ L , ' —- fit— ~/ 471.. ~ 41%“, _A__. ‘ , WV ‘ ‘ 'nnn “7‘“- ? ”fo T??? 4.: _‘ 9'f. w—Ez. H: a»:~ flea ”-4 — v ,1. “flag; 1 r. 6 85 :; I «unvO. ‘AWl .; .V WW: in a Run"\ .Faliu A. rm 9.. a M. . A; g1 :1 «a m , :. “4.7 ‘ -1 fiafififll ,1! Q. f ,, , ,, , ‘ v» v 1‘ $9 1:, mm... W." T 5. a 4,; ,L @NWWMHWW \ flirts inm- ¥ T‘ : F1513 m‘ 3,9 ‘ -‘ 1 m5: \{JxY 33m 5 Hugh” 3 NEW LAW COURTS. .13 t j‘ :- '9 [’8 9L SBUJ ‘8] 0.11: [J Part of VVeslminster Hull, : m Pflr/ of I/It" Court of Exchequer. H A" . Part oft/26 Court of Equity. :b’l'rfiznd I’quzflt- of fommum'mlfbfi. 1 Street C r - - F ‘ > " ~ 1/11 1 . . . , . _ d H ’ ’ .‘7 'léyfdyc 0/ {um/ruuuzzztwn I‘M/IL llértmuuv‘w/fizll In JTCHa/y/artlé J" :‘ : ' ‘ A) V ' B311 (mu-L 00/71 Hawaii; 221-51»: ~ flab“ of 1716 (curt offing} flank . \ 74 S? Mar gfiret’s . .... . ’7' ___ . . . ., i / /'/ c r/ // [1/] ,_ ‘ < .. xx, 1/11 x,” ’1," ', 73/ /,. [M/i/rwm/ ‘ , "1:” .v f 7 -” 2' ' v“ " ' ‘ ‘ 14/1 1/ “m; V{ I, V VI; :11 : _. '5 3‘- _ _ ..,1.__ ...'.. '-". .. A' V I: H A < .. . VJ .. 1/4 . E «W4. :: V/ ’I4 _. '3 "T 3—1 ._..—H,. :3 .._.. L- E ,5. KW \ Ram; 5’00th [/18 ‘ ‘ \ D Judgaéf‘ :11} (our: ;U 0)“ 11749:: 3mm. L C: /// $1 447/2? 1?anle . New l’aJa/ce Yard W ‘E‘. "W "LAW" C OUR TS. 15 Battlements, the Columns at the curvilinear extremities into Buttresse's: —or, if it should be considered more in character with the front of Westminster Hall, these extremities might _ be easily formed into square or octangular Towers, and the same style of decoration continued to the front of the House of Lords, as will be evident on inspecting the Design made before a brick of the foundation was laid. On the 2d of March, and subsequently, the Public Journals teemed with unqualified censure of the New Law Courts,—-stated as the substance of speeches made in the House of Commonszm—Excited by these Authorities, from that moment to the present hoi1r* the most illiberal criticisms, unfounded censures, and wilful misrepresentations, have been circulated to my prejudice, in every direction and place, in language as galling and disgraceful as envy, malice, and uncharitableness could suggest, through the medium of the Morning and Evening Journals,— the Weekly Papers,-r~—the Monthly Magazines, --- the Quarterly Reviews,—and in that most atrocious, that most mischievous, that most insidious mode of attack—LITHOGRAPHIC LETTERS, addressed, under cover, to individualsz—Such were the results of these unprecedented attacks, that on the 19th day of March the building of the New Law Cdurts was suspended :— On the 23d, a Select Committee of the House of Commons was appointed “ to inspect and revise the New Courts building at Westminster.’ On the 25th of March the Committee met and surveyed the Buildings,13——on the 14th of May made their report to the House of Commons, wherein they recommended the Front of the New Law Courts, next New Palace Yard, containing the three Venetian windows, to be taken down, and set back as far as the boundary wall of the Court of King's Bench, so as to sacry‘ice only some small rooms appropriated to the use of persons who had no such accommodations in the former state of the Courts.“ The Committee then recommend the Exterior of the Building to be * See Times, 3lst October, 1827, and Morning Herald of the 6th, 8th, and 9th November, 1827, 8w. 81c. New Law Courts. Plate xv. Plate xvi. Plate xvii. Plates xviii. and xix. New Law Courts. Plates xviii. and xix. 16 Gothicised, according to a Design prepared under their direction for that purpose,—terminated next St. Margaret’s Street with an Octangular Tower, for the reception of the Records of the Courts of Common Pleas. I trust not to be considered presumptuous, if, after having devoted several years in making Designs for the Law Courts, and in directing the Works, I venture to differ- from the Committee, and aver, that if the Building in front of the New Courts next New Palace Yard be demolished, the Courts, rapidly advancing towards completion, will be deranged in many of their essential parts, and thereby rendered unfit for the purposes intended Tuby the Legislature. The Building in the front of the New Courts, in New Palace Yard, contained spaces for the reception of a large portion of the Records now in Westminster Hall: —there were likewise, for the use of the Court (f King’s Bench, Consulting Rooms and Robing Rooms for the King’s Counsel and the other Gentlemen of the Bar :— a Law Library, and Rooms for the Solicitors and their Clients,——a Retiring Room for the Jury,—Accommodations for the Jury and ' Witnesses in waiting, —a Room for the Judges’ Clerks,——a Place of Confinement for persons brought up to receive the final judgment of the Court,~—a Private Entrance next New Palace Yard for the Judges, —— another for the King’s Counsel and the other Gentlemen of the Barz—Qal’so two Entrances into the Basement Story, making distinct accesses to the Coffee Rooms, and other Accommodations for the use of the Public; without interfering with the judicial affairs of the Courts, or the general accommodation of the Barristers and others. So deeply was my mind "impressed with the disappointments and inconveniences that must inevitably attend the exeCution of the Plan suggested by the Select Committee, that I consi- dered my professional character, and my duty as the Architect, compelled me to'state in detail the various‘Accommodations contained in that portion of the Structure, and the inevitable bad . £63915: grayéfm MEEVF awe ”MM/«wax», fig 3:... 1;. _.,.._.n.... r... RLS. 1‘ O) 71’ TR 'JI‘S . “A 1« “Y N 7E WY a,“ 17 .consequences that must follOw the demolition of the Buildings in the front of the Court of King’s Bench:——For this purpose, I prepared a Petition to the Honourable the House of Commons, which was presented by Mr. Lyttelton on the 21st of May, and ordered to be printed.15 On the 21st of June, a copy of the Report of a Select Committee of the House of Com- mons on the new Buildings for the Courts of Justice at Westminster was transmitted to me, with directions to “ proceed forthwith to make the alterations in the northern extremities of these “ Buildings which are recommended by the Committee.” On the 23d of June the work of demolition commenced, and the removal of the Buildings in the front of the Court of King’s Bench, and the preparations for the foundations of the new Work, were carried on with such activity, that the alterations were completed, according to the Design recommended by a Select Committee of the House of Commons ; and the internal fittings and finishings of the Court of King’s Bench were so far advanced towards the end of the year 1825, that the Judges took possession of the Court, and the first cause was tried in the new Structure on the 31st of January, 1826. i O From the New Law Courts the Royal Cortege proceeds to the New Entrance into the House of Lords. HIS MAJESTY’S ENTRANCE INTO THE HOUSE OF LORDS. IN February 1822, I. was directed to prepare a Design for the improvement of 'His MAJESTY’s Entrance into the House of Lords :-—a Design was made, in which the Gothic Arcade, in front of the House of Lords, was continued by acurvilinear line to the Old Entrance F New Law Courts. His ZVIajesty’s 1 8 Entrance into the House ofLords' leading. into the Prince’s Chamber:—-In the centre of the curvilinear line a movable awning, projecting into Old Palace Yard, was to be placed, when required, for the accommodation of His MAJESTY.16 The Carriage Entrance, as it now is, was an alteration made during the progress of the Works. The Design having been approved by His MAJESTY, the Works commenced, and were. carried on with so much zeal and attention, that on the 30th January, 1823, the Carriage Entrance and the Scala Regia were finished, to the door leading into the Prince’s Chamber. During the progress of this Work, Designs were made to complete the Entrance from the Scala Regia into the Houseof Lords, which having been approved by His MAJESTY, the foundations of the Building were laid on the 30th October, 1823; and by continuing the Works night and day, the whole was completely finished on the 1st of February, 1824.— On arriving at the New Carriage Entrance, the Procession is formed, ———His MAJESTY alights, Plate xx. P’jl‘fgfii-fi’ffli' passes along the Corridor leading to the Scala Regia, through the Ante-Room, Royal Gallery, and Painted Chamber, into the Robing-room, and from thence into the House of Platexxiv. Lords, as shewn in the Plan. For the better and more” suitable accommodatiOn of His MAJESTY, the. floor of the Painted Chamber had been previously raised to a perfect level, and the DoorWay from the Royal Gallery into the Painted Chamber suitably enlarged and decorated with a marble Doorcase,—thc only Alterations made by me in the Painted Chamber. I have endeavoured to trace out a suitable Approach for His MAJESTY from the New Palace into the House of Lords, leaving Buckingham House, with its superb Hall and magnificent Staircase, unaltered, as a Residence for some of the younger branches of the Royal Family —- or for any other purpose His MAJESTY may be pleased to approve: _— Carlton '9t #1.; '05 31m NEW ENTRANCE FOR HIS MAJESTY IN TO THE HOUSE 01? LORDS. ‘- *M “ 0..“ ‘A-r‘s‘gi-v— *w.» \N_N\i ~ 5“. hkflw -- ._ xy‘.‘ SCALA REGIA. Kev Entrance for His Majesty into the House aflurds. rm.- :n..rngb m, . 7. a w C 9 G O Q W @384 ‘56 any; L. 1 O OOOOOCOOOC. A N’Il‘] TR (0) (MW. 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Pugh 18. 113111AN ’01“ THE N E‘W 1EZN'1P1IRANK‘11‘Z FOR 111L118 MAJIES'JI‘Y JIN'JND T111111} 111(1111‘311'3 (011’ IIADJRDS 19 His Majesty’s Entrance in to the Palacefi‘e with its noble Portico, unique Hall, and numerous splendid Apartments, to be approPriated as a Palace for a PRINCE of WALES, connected with such other Buildings as might be necessary for the National Gallery—the Royal Society—the Royal Academy of Arts, and the Society of Antiquaries; making together one grand assemblage of Public Buildings. DESIGN TO RENDER THE EXTERIOR OF THE TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, AND THE OTHER BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH WESTMINSTER HALL, IN THE SAME UNIFORM STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE. THE first Design made by me for this purpose, was in obedience to an Order of a Committee of the House of Lords, “ Die Lance 30° Junii, 1794~DUKE of LEEDS in the “ Chair,—appointed to consider of what alteration could be made to render the House of “ Lords, and the Rooms and Offices appertaining thereto, more commodious, consistent ) “ with the general Plan of the adjacent Buildings.’ In this Design, the same line of Front, next New Palace Yard, is preserved as traced out by the Buildings erected in the time of Queen Elizabeth :—-the Houses in Old Palace Yard were to be taken down,—the Area enlarged for the accommodation of the Members of the Two Houses of Parliament, and to increase the splendour of the City of Westminster, by opening * See Note, page 4. House of Lords. kgggmuw-M '. Exterior 20 of the two Houses of ‘ Parliament, érc. Plates xxv. and xxvi. Plate xxvii. to the public view Westminster Abbey Church,—-the Chapter House,—the Cloisters, and other ancient Buildings adjoining thereto: —— One of the Approaches into the House of Lords was to be through Westminster Hall,——rthe Court of Requests,—the Painted Chamber, and a spacious new Vestibule:-These Rooms were to be decorated, from time to time, with Sculpture and Painting:——The New House of Lords was situated to the south of the Painted Chamber, and the New House of Commons to the north of St. Stephen’s Chapel:'—The Painted Chamber was to be reinstated, as near. as possible, in its ancient characterz—The modern alterations in St. Stephen’s Chapel were to be removed, and that superb Structure restored to its ancient magnificence, as a Chapel for the use of the Members of both Houses of Parliament.” This Design, making one uniform Building, was submitted, ofiicially, at different times, to the Lord Chancellor, to the First Lord of the Treasury, and also to many other noble Lords, whom I attended by the Lord Chancellor’s direction : ——and such alterations and improvements having been made in them as had been suggested, the Designs were inspected by His present MAJESTY, then PRINCE of WALES—by their Royal Highnesses the DUKES of YORK, CLARENCE, and GLOUCESTER: and, finally, the Lord Chancellor directed me to take His MAJESTY’s pleasure on the Designs: —— For this purpose, His MAJESTY was pleased to command my attendance at Windsor Castle, where I had the honour to be most graciously received z—His MAJESTY having examined the Designs in all their details with most accurate and scrupulous attention, expressed his entire approbation, particularly with the Entrance into the House of Lords in the centre of the New Building through the Scala Regia, decorated with Statues of our ancient Monarchs. His MAJESTY was likewise greatly pleased with the idea of enriching Westminster Hall, the Court of Requests, and the Painted Chamber, with Painting and Sculpture, to commemorate great Public Actions and distinguished Talents, instead of placing such Testimonials of National Gratitude in '05 a?“ '93 emu EEEJI My 3 N©RTH WEST WEW or A DESIGN ‘ MADE IN 11794,. To render The Exterior of 1119 Two Houses of Parliament, The Law Courts and the other Buildings connected with Westminster Halljn the same uniform style of Architecture. .77], Ban 3. Hymnm no. SOUTH EAST WEW OF THE IE‘GJREGQING VDESIIGNQ 19/ 17 1, ”Mg... mop-Ar .m.‘ ...\.«. w... 74-“ -; i use,“ .A ‘43.; “may“ / , ,3)!" ' s mm‘n’t‘wz-9M" " Flatt-'37. Page 20, S (TALA 1R E ”(BIA -. r‘ounevted With the foregoing‘1)0513‘11” [u a.“ o “‘fi'f‘ig n -, A" v. gm if"! I III)’""' I A; 12" , <- zi’ ———~—-jh ‘_. . A, ‘ ‘»V 1‘ V“ 1 _ 1' ‘ Iml'l NIH]. (E A .l-fllllllll 4- .o,‘ .. \LT‘ , . ‘ QJN z“: 13‘ ‘ ; fl ‘il/L/LJ/ A gEi ‘ \ H \ \.. ”1—.5E=$f=f:= [W 1171 w; _ :1 a . . , V . x\ ‘ I l I I'M-"ND!" ;- L )I IllnmfimIV/l 7"! Iiliiilisall m ) '1': \Y' if... l-Iallbfl "w,“ 3‘” V127, _ / ,- % _: (J / /q 4;}: ,: _ '> i 5 ' f- "( T: ’ igb f ._ ;—‘\ 7— _, ~ ' x ’, ’2 /’ *7,” .~ g _ x ’. MWa/Vf/xgfihz “0 ~_,.,: //fi~—f‘»§3 , ’ 18,“ v . W 4% / q / ////W 4/ 447%»; NEW .HAH HBRARSY HUGH”? SE (OF LEGENDS” Huh-‘38 ‘ufiv L’l. 21 Exterior of the two Houses of Parliament, Q0. Westminster Abbey Church, already crowded with Sepulchral Monuments z—His MAJESTY’s approbation of this part of the Design was a peculiar gratification to me, as I flattered myself it might on some future day form the foundation of a great National Establishment for the encouragement of the Fine Arts. The Plans for these alterations and improvements, as far as related to the House of Lords, were now considered as finally settled; but the war in which the Country was then engaged, prevented any further measures from being taken to carry the Design into effect. The second Design, made in 1822, comprises the New Entrance for His Majesty into the Royal Robing-room,—the Committee-rooms and Library for the use of the House of Lords,—- Plate “viii- and the Committee-rooms and Library for the House of Commons: These Buildings, although erected at different times, make portions of one general Design; but the haste in which they Were raised occasioned the Exterior to be left in an unfinished state, to be completed at some future time in a substantial manner, and in the same style of Architecture as the Buildings to which they are adjuncts :‘7—— The East Front of the Painted Chamber Plates xxix. and xxx- is made to correspond with the East Front of the House of Commons, leaving a passage of communication between the old and new Work. This arrangement provides all that is necessary for the support of that Building, without disturbing the character of the Interior; and at the same time forms a most useful communication. The space between the Painted Chamber and the House of Commons, containing the Library and Committee-rooms, is in the same character and style of Architecture as the Exterior of the Official Residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons, which is continued to the Front of the House of Lords, and from thence to the Northern Entrance G Exterior oflhe two Houses of Parliament, <§~c. Plates xxix. and xxx. Plate xxxi. 22 into Westminster Hall, making the whole of that immense pile present one great uniform mass of Architecture. Connected with this subject is a circumstance of vitalimportance, relating tothe insecure and dangerous state of the Buildings in the Front of the House of Lords._——In.the year 1800, the Court of Requests was made into a House of Lords, and the old Buildings, of a slight character, several stories in height, surrounding that substantial Structure, were converted into accommodations for the Officers of the House of Lords, and in the necessary communications. The Exterior of those old Buildings, forming the Front of the House of Lords, as well as the Interior, is constructed chiefly with timber, covered with plaster. In such an extensive assemblage of combustible materials, should a fire happen, what would become of the Painted Q t Chamber, the House of Commons, and Westminster Hall?4—Where wouldthe progress of the fire be arrested?-———The want of security from firm—«the narrow, gloomy, and. unhealthy passages,——and the insufficiency of the accommodations in this Building,——arei important objects, which call loudly for revision and speedy amendment. To preserve these great National Works from the possibility of destruction by fire, and to attain the other important objects, ——it is proposed to erect new Offices-in the front of the House of Lords, next Old Palace Yard; and when they are finished, the old lath and plaster Buildings might be taken downz—and upon the site thereof a vaulted Sub-story erected, containing Waiting-rooms and Arcades for the accommodation of the Public, with Entrances leading to the principal. Floor, comprising the necessary communications into the House of Lords, and the new Offices appertaining thereto. It has been suggested, that on some occasions it would be very desirable ,forthe communications into the Royal Robing-room to be as nearly as possible in adirect line‘from r) (70 a.“ 9d 6 (T “I "M . A IDES 1|.GN to renderfile extelior Of all The Buildings C(mnected. With ihe ofl‘iclal residence of the Speaker of the House of Commons ’Q the Erma of the House of Laws. ID the Nanhern Eutranre (YI’VNesTmmster Hall. Im the same style of Architecture. . .firm a. flaw... F ‘ 3.. . m... 5.“. _, v, . .x. .1 ,1 I, ‘1 a . . .. . . 3.. g 2.}. .u .l ... . 2 __ \ v x. LC... . 3.. . , 1%.. a .V . , .wff 3 K: . . J r. _ J S A .._ . ' y L x . fly ,1 _ x . n. A Z . (a! . . ‘ . x . , , . . , Jr. . . ,x .1 ~ 7 . R , x . r _ (a , am.“ . H .i‘ ..‘ Jill I , ‘. 1{ I I ‘ . ..y,J ‘wm.y‘_7!:,yl_.\.\‘f, ,‘yy.yu‘ ‘ .. .. ”1J4; U.,:~.1mé...w:;€ , ‘ y i . .. . , « _ ‘ \I . .. . 1 . , L .. y. .. ‘ ‘ .t‘ - II v r. I ‘ w . u I .y. , \ 2 i ‘4 . . i ‘ x _ 11, _ /, l . , / 1., / z / 2g . ifwz. . .. , .x 11 1,: WHO: . _ \ ,, , WWW. WW; _ ‘ flflfiwfl: . . _. , a, .u .w» mwfl is .1 film”. WIJ. . E _ . r a, u 2.. y \ . MU . E r 7"“ A‘ ‘ . __, . . . . u ”Tum. .. . T. «m (1 . . aw. a... .1; imam wow» mmww VIEW OF SOUTH EAST OF THE PRECEEDJING DESIGNa v wuhym flag: a fl7 777/775 7? 7777747” 7727 7y/77va7/za: 777777 7777 777377777 [7“.[7 771$ ”277/6 (77777772577777; r_____._,,_,r,__7-._- ___.___-~7 _ _ _ v17 l I 7177771777 =9! . - n " lIII""" / . , r . -‘ \ \ \‘ _\\_\ , N _ «\h ’ ‘ w A p _‘ \ \‘“ “3‘ \E -4.\ _, X \ h \\ \ ~‘W ”I _ /— \ 4 ~ ‘7 __ M J7 LU/HV/u/v'tv (7777,77 ,7 7,7,, j —‘ ——_ v ”v —.. _——" | \\ 7 #1 \wtirfi I'p‘ A; I - .74/7771777/7'77 Ain’t/I ’ / u , , , d: //l , ‘7” 7 \ M7 \ r. i i ‘ F u \ ‘ ‘ 3 \ 3 \ I 7 II 3 7: 7 “ | ‘ 7 I Pluto SI, Page a, 2.5 :‘WX; ‘ 29‘», . mew 25;» ‘ 36'1‘72'72J‘ 1‘ ”I'll/{F My» ~21 "’i‘ma.’/’zz~x Mm 2/2121}? 2M (xInfirmary(277/27/za2’1z24r. . L‘I / *Hal‘eSll’ageH 7- 3 ‘gz 63m ‘zg 319M y‘T’r' ’0 ““WW \\ " J _ / /’« \_ . l/r»~/ / ‘ . 1 /// i 7“ zWW‘WVV v / I ~ ' \Aim ‘:_ / U 0 0‘0 '1: '1 ¥ / DESKGN TNNR A SENATE HQUSEQ made in Home 177:), ‘ggafp'eg «(:9 91121,] North Front of theBauk‘ as intended. -W- _,,_,_;J r/M‘v 69 \3\'\: h .- m emm L: :' é: {r §:i1;;‘ S 6113 re Ho [L s e Gemneniical Elevation. Q3 Exterior . of the two Hauses of the Carriage Entrance; the Design here submitted, shews that, without extending the Parliament’érc' Building, this object may be easily attained, if it should be His Majesty’s pleasure to shorten the line of the Royal Procession into the House of Lords Plate mi. For the improvement of this part of Westminster, the obstructions which disfigure and hide the Exterior of Westminster Abbey Church,———the Chapter House,l'and other ancient Structures adjacent, should be. removed, in order to restore the City of West- minster to its ancient splendour, and to enlarge Old Palace Yard; and thereby render the Approaches into the House of Lords and House of Commons more commodious for the Members, consistent with the dignity of Parliament and the high National Character of this mighty Empire. As a contrast to the Design. for the New Houses of Parliament, made in 1794, wherein economy and utility were necessarily to be more. consulted than magnificence; and to exemplify the difference between theory and practice, a bird’s-eye view, and two Geome- trical Drawings of another Composition for the same Subject, are here subjoined, —a Study Platesxxxiiandmiii. made in Rome in 1779, without regard to expense or limits as to space, in the gay morning of youthful fancy, amid all the wild imagination of an enthusiastic mind, animated by the contemplation of the majestic Ruins of the sublime Works of Imperial Romez—m. To give locality to the Design, it is shewn connected with the Banks of the Thames; and to add to the magnificence of the composition, the View is enriched with the Triumphal Bridge which gained the Premium given in the Royal Academy in 1776. Plate xxxiv. 244 DESIGN FOR A ROYAL PALACE. MADE IN ROME. THIS DESIGN was made in 1779,' when pursuing my studies in Rome: Vignola’s celebrated Palace at Caprarola determined the general outline of the Plan: and the immense Remains of the Imperial Palace ofitheq'tglteflsars in Rome,—-the Villa of Adrian at Tivoli,——the Palace of Dioclesian at Spalatrof—the ilBaths of the. Romans,——and the Pantheon, with its superb Portico,-—exemplars of magnificence, intricacy, variety, and movement,uniting all the intellectual delights of classical Architecture, —were circumstances calculated to call forth the best energies of the young Artist. There is no subject more interesting to the Architect, and better calculated for the exercise of his skill, taste, and imagination, than a Palace for the Sovereignz—To unite the grand and the useful is a most difficult taskz—Whilst internal convenience requires several floors to be placed one above the other, external magnificence admits only of one floor, raised on a lofty and massy'basement. In composing this Design, I laboured to avail myself of the advantages arising out of the contemplation of the Remains of the great Works of the Ancients, as well as from the observations and practice of the Moderns:-——With these feelings, I have endea- voured to combine magnificence with utility, and intricacy with variety and novelty:—~ In the centre of this Building is a Dome, similar to that of the Pantheon, with the Portico of Maecenasn in the front:-Under this Dome is another of a smaller diameter, leaving *‘I :4 i: [12.375 . r. ,3"... . SrI. .553... . s. 1., .. / (. _. ”(I .. , _.. ,/ .§;é , U ., ,/ ...2§..;.,.., ,,..,........._..,._.s. .....%§§mm 2.x. / A .v. . ‘ x \ AK A . . .51.» A. “5 \. , ..,\ .g .wmflwaxbm) “fixfia, affix? ,. . 1%KWWW14, Wyn... 9' I. {L ”- I . m .I g Q /,../ m . 1| \\ E ‘ .fl \ w? - fl . . m. w 5 , . _ E 4 W. n .. Q _m E n m n o - E a r... E “a m m .\ Q a m a fix a a . E . a a 5. Wu . "I! 7.21,. . p. Q 1 ‘I Ella ENE 2‘ ’L mm '7 [Q 29W “3'” ,.., . J a .- / “WW. I m. _.. , I. , _ , g - Wm. . , m. _ . W ”W fl M. W . a, ANA. . _ ”BE 0 h... ,w a w \ m , a ,. . .«M. my . . / n... ._ a, . /, .:<.~z\~.:.., ,/ .. . ‘23:): DE SIGN FOR A PALACE RKDME 1779. x x... _,. \ 5993.? W . Q \. fly? 1.. W,\,_ . / .712, A a, : dz F H .\ \‘Q'h .. \ .11...- . ._.,,, :tf . z. x a ,Em3m¢..wn.w.1w¢. ...._.,t.x.. fi. 2‘!» :. .332...» t: 4.. 4.. 4, “noun. . to n 0-,- { ’fi‘i unawa; g. 5 fix, a ( ._ m tot-if @Varrwrg Plate 35,1’ag‘0 2.5 VTIPZ‘K‘ K «a m-F' THE NATTMDNATL JT‘DJEJWJI“ AND JRWDMMHPTWN wwmmmq 25 Design for a Royal a space for the admission of light, after the manner of the “ lumiére mystérieuse,” so successfully practised in the great Church of the Invalids at Paris:——The decoration of this interior Dome, by aid of appropriate machinery, is designed to form a com- plete representation of the Solar Systemz—In making this Design, besides the advan- tages already mentioned, I had frequent opportunities of shewing the Drawings in their progressive state to my honoured and lamented Patron the late Lord Camelford, then Mr. Thomas Pitt, and of making such alterations in them as were pointed out by the classical taste and profound architectural knowledge of that accomplished Nobleman. This Palace was proposed to be erected in Hyde Park, with a series of magnificent Hotels, extending from Knightsbridge to Bayswater, relieved by occasional breaks; making, at the same time, a rich foreground to the Royal Residence, improving the general appear- ance of the Park, and providing an ample fund to defray all the expense attending the completion of this Design. NATIONAL DEBT REDEMPTION OFFICE. IN the Old Jewry, near the Bank of England, is the National Debt Redemption Office, with a Cenotaph to Mr. PITT, decorated with a Statue of that distinguished Statesman, in bronze, by Mr. VVcstmacott, R.A.:-———-Since the completion of this Building, which was intended for the convenience of the National Debt Redemption only, it has been enlarged, on account of the business of the Savings Banks having been added to this Establishment; and the Structure may be further considerably enlarged, without altering any part of the present exterior or internal arrangements, if at any time it should be found expedient. ll Palace. Plate xxxv. Plate xxxvi. Plate xxxvi. Plate xxxvii. Q6 CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR OF ST. PETER’S CHURCH, AT WALWORTH. THE sum allowed for building this Church, according to the original Plan, being insufficient—the Steeple was lowered" considerably, and reduced in mass, and the Finish- ings above the Cornices omittedz—the three Windows over the Altar are filled in with Scriptural Subjects, executed by Mr. Collins of the Strand:——the Picture in the centre was presented to the Church by a Gentleman residing in the parish, and the others by the Architect. CHURCH OR CHAPEL NOW BUILDING ON BETHNAL GREEN. THIs Church, now erecting under the circumstances already mentioned, has been considerably altered in its external character from the original Design, particularly in the height and outline of the intended Steeple. VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR OF TRINITY CHURCH, MARYLEBONE. THE sum allowed for building and completing this Church being restricted to Twenty Thousand Pounds, and the estimated Expense of the Design amounting to about Twenty- seven Thousand Pounds, it became necessary to contract the Plan in its extent,__to lower the Steeple about Fifteen Feet, to omit the Columns and Pilasters, shewn in the Plan by dotted lines, and to construct part of the Exterior with bricks. Either of the Gothic Designs, to be constructed with the solidity and character of our ancient Ecclesiastical Structures, would have been considerably more expensive than the other Designs, and was therefore not submitted to His Majesty’s Commissioners for Building New Churches. r. u :5 3!. =5. N , ‘i H §€+ II ll i n “ . Vuwpwv'v'v’wnmu f‘ ‘ . ,' :9 {HEWITT " ‘ z : ‘ 5W w' . ts E; :} at» V ‘_' r1 ‘! “— M - K x L V‘. , ‘ v" “ , “— x LV. __ I V.“ M \._ .-‘. ‘ , ,> \ Q .' 1‘ \~‘_-'\‘-\“‘I‘-Z“\ \ ‘ ‘1’ ' ‘ \ \ , ‘ " _ . ‘ \N , x7 ‘5. . -‘ -- ,__ .- ~~r f~t\ ‘ x / \ ;, \\v D'- ‘. 1’1ate36.fa§e26.- GHETRCHES AT ‘WALWORTH &]B]ETH1['NAL GREEN“ fi Ian D m ama'g§g§ @5 r I I r > _ \ 5W5 : _.,-r« 'j V 3 I d r IS,” 4&6? ‘31 ~. I§§%;\\&§ 75* A 32>, W.“ J . ra‘ .. Ch 7" R) r. «H \ \ “3 r \ g /%?/\d:\§; ,K 1 ' \\ “~‘\\' \\ 7\\\\< a I: 4 , :‘ar k;\,\ bk! ‘L ~-/\\ ‘ ,Cfls“ ‘4' Q _ , - x _ /,j y w; 7“, , _./-/ —r" - VI E W (NF flute 37. Page 2 6 TJHUE EXTERIIOR & INTEMQR gechIF TRINITY (CHURCH MARY LIE B®NED .y ' ‘ , n . . y . ‘ - A « , ‘ ,...,- ..... ”w” “w ”a“ . 1.3,;nwr9rwn..- ~. IBM ‘.__Ig:L W» 1* ’ 1/ J: Plate 38, Page27. DESIGIY 71E“ KER A. SJHHD‘U L‘L'WRAL (CETA'iLDEJIA, 22939; '69 mm Vflla at Tring'haln, The Seat of theaflfisq? ‘ ,1“- L. L 4 r}‘ :;J 'V'flla. D e Slg‘n for Thomas Swjnnerton Esq? : um‘nnl } . » ..,.u..w,_,...flmnw a] BIJ ‘12 0.3er ‘0 1y J MN m; s , , v @lflllfiflj BPTKJINUJJHAM IHIO‘JYSIFJ TALL MALL o 1 IA?” 7+—~w 477v] ‘1 NE S M? N JFK‘DJR A T «0 W' N MAIN S 110 N 10,139 l-chotmi, 111 SF Luna’s Squaw. n "3134'“! 81811 0000000 GUI] UDGUUDDO BUDDDDODDDD d -.--Iw-u v I] J {Mu OBI] nun WM nun DOD DOUGH DDDDUDDD 0H0 DDDDDDDD nun I-ilvvmiun for Llw l‘ouitvntiur‘x ‘I‘QI‘ The rm: whom L, ,, 7 W Wm T m; MT :10} l! °°° ”a .‘I- I I. I l I I I: I ' o .3: . II . I to _ L ' o BC {‘1 HE V1 fl] 9 mmmmmmmmmmm' Hlevmiou to (I lurg‘vr Smile ol‘ lho Fmiiromial‘y for Ll’w qualv- n I: DO 3 M ‘3' MM “.CCACWCIC D M; unu fll one Q m J WHUDW HDRDDDDDD Seen on illlft'HJRQJ’] Lhe prjl’uxipul C 01:11-be Mil] L‘ (' (UH'iCTS. V u L ' "V, “ C 4"?" ,_ _ L—bnnTEfl Cal 71])? inmiéig 1 for the Femalu C onvic’rs. gr 1 v [W IN 97? [TC ‘75 CIDU Emma] nun DDODDDDGI CID C onvi 0'1 S. 000E000 mmmmpmmmmmm In .111 11521111 CID iii F 01‘ 3 0 0.199111 ale 3 f O 0 DC! napuo nno a D 00.0 nun 0:30:30 unfi 2’7 DESIGN FOR A SEPULCHRAL CHAPEL, MADE IN 1796, AND INTENDED TO HAVE BEEN ERECTED AT TYRINGHAM, IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. DESIGNS FOR VILLAS. VILLA‘AT TYRINGHAM, THE SEAT OF \VILLIADI PRAED, ESQ, VILLA INTENDED TO BE ERECTED AT BUTTERTON, IN STAFFORDSHIRE, THE SEAT OF THOMAS S\VINNERTON, ESQ. DESIGNS FOR TOWN MANSIONS. BUCKINGHAM HOUSE, PALL MALL, THE RESIDENCE OF THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM. A DESIGN FOR A TOWN HOUSE (MADE IN 1794) FOR A NOBLEMAN, PROPOSED TO BE ERECTED IN ST. JABIES’S SQUARE. DESIGNS FOR PRISONS. I PLANS AND ELEVATIONS OF TWO PENITENTIARY HOUSES, THE ONE TO CONTAIN SIX HUNDRED MALES, ANDVTHE OTHER THREE HUNDRED FEMALES, PROPOSED TO HAVE BEEN ERECTED ON BATTERSEA RISE, Pursuant to an Act, 19 Geo. III. a. 74, to explain and amend the Laws relating to the Transportation, Imprisonment, and other Punishment Of certain Ofiknders.18 Plate xxxviii. Plate xxxix. Plate xi. Pluto X“. 1779. Plate xlii. Plate xliii. Plate xliv. 28 PLANS AND VIEW OF THE_ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS ON THE EAST FRONT OF NORWICH CASTLE. SOME years since I was required to make Designs to enlarge the County Gaol at Norwich, by an additional Building on the east Front of the Castle. In making the Design, great care was taken not to destroy any part of the Exterior of this venerable relict of Antiquity; so that if at any time the new Structure should be removed, the Exterior of the latter would be found nearly in the same state it was before the new Buildings were erected.19 DULWICH COLLEGE AND MAUSOLEUM. DURING the lifetime of Sir Francis Bourgeois, a Mausoleum, or Chapel, was erected from my Designs, contiguous to his dwelling—house in Charlotte Street, Portland Place, for the reception of the remains of the late Mr. and Mrs. Desenfans, and for the performance of Divine Service :——~——Subsequently, my much esteemed friend bequeathed, by his last will, to the Master, Warden, and Fellows of Dulwich College, the whole of his superb and extensive Collection of Pictures, chiefly by the old Masters, also his Plate and other property, with funds to defray the expense of erecting a Gallery sufficiently capacious for the exhibition of the Pictures, and for the erection of a Mausoleum to receive the remains of the late Mr. and Mrs. Desenfans, and also his own: —— This Mausoleum Sir Francis directed to be constructed, in its character and extent, similar to the Structure before men- tioned:——-—Since the death of Sir Francis, the Gallery has been erected, and the Pictures arranged therein:———-The Mausoleum has been completed, and the remains of Sir Francis and Mr. and Mrs. Desenfans removed into this sepulchral chamber, and deposited in sarcophagi.20 , \~®m¥«\\ ,, \\\ \ M ,\ I \W\\K«\\\\i\~ J\ /.. 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TJWWM..JLWMFJ .u.LL:L @& v3 L i L 1N TE I!“ (DR ism-ah... “F..."Lonslt ,., [My/pr ,, m I \ 4 , . , I; / y”, , , ,M / 5 '1" 1 1 H. mflq I ii i l \Efiiil TIN \]\ \Tl: :IL; 4%, (0)114 LE (3, E 0 Plate 414. Page 28. D U HAWJIC 1:11 (C u u . E. t E 433‘»: w‘.» » 29 To conclude this abrégéi of a long professional life, advancing towards its close, I shall subjoin the Designs made for the improvement of the Bank of England, and for the New Infirmary~— an Appendage to the Royal Hospital at Chelsea. THE BANK OF ENGLAND. IN 1788, on the death of Sir Robert Taylor, I was appointed Architect to the Governor and Company of the Bank of England. My best energies and most serious attention were now directed to ascertain the actual state of the great Structure intrusted to my care; and after repeated surveys and careful examinations at different times, the Bank Stock Office was found to be in a state that required serious attention:———The roof had suffered great injury by perforations in the lead covering, made, as has since been proved, by insects, and possibly from other causesz—these holes were filled with cement, in the hopes of arresting the progress of the evil; similar holes, however, appeared in various parts of the lead work, evidently from the same causes : —-With the approbation of the Committee, part of the lead covering was removed, and holes were found in the timbers of the roof corresponding in every respect with those in the lead coverings: through these fissures the water penetrated; and the timbers, from this circumstance and other causes, were entirely rotted away from their bearings on the walls; and the other parts of the roof were so much decayed as to render any attempt at reparation impracticable. Plans and models were then prepared for constructing the roof of the Office on stone piers, with arches springing from them:——an estimate was made of the expense, and the Committee having approved the same, they directed me to carry the Design into immediate execution. Dulwz'ch College and Mausoleum. Bank of England. Plates xxxiii. xlv. and xlvi. Plate xxxiii. Plates xlvii. xlviii. 30 The roofs of the other Stock Offices and of the Rotunda were found to be so completely dilapidated as not to admit of repair : —- they have since been taken down and rebuilt with incombustible materials, no timber being used in any part of the new construction. This great National, Structure, erected at different times, without due regard to the uniformity of the Exterior,——the centre, built in 1736, in the style of Palladio; and the Exterior of the Rotunda and Stock Offices, &c. next St. Bartholomew’s Lane, Threadneedle Street, and Prince’s Street, erected between the years 1765 and 1788, from a Design in imitation of the celebrated Garden Front of the Pope’s Palace in Rome,——is as different from the Exterior of the centre Building, as the north Front, erected in 1794, is from either of the foregoing;——the whole presenting a great mass of heterogeneous, unconnected, and discordant parts. In 1800, the widely increased concerns of the Bank made an application to Parliament necessary, to enable the Directors to enlarge their Building : —-~— This was a favourable oppor- tunity to render the Exterior of the Bank one uniform pilez—On this occasion I submitted to the Committee Designs to extend the North Front Westward, and to connect together the whole of the old Offices and those required to be erected, in order that the Exterior of the Bank might hereafter form one uniform appearance : —— The Committee approved this Design, which has been acted on without any deviation, excepting in the North Front, where, after the old houses had been pulled down, and the site cleared, the space being found insuflicient for the Portico, the centre was unavoidably contracted to meet this unforeseen circumstance :——~In other respects, the general Plan has been followed; so that the whole of the Exterior of this great National Edifice now presents as much uniformity as could be expected in a Building of such extent, continued progressively, as circumstances required, during a period of upwards of thirty years.21 '09:: 63932191. mu I I L—I-m | i .. . ;\ , .|.A WA" 4 A ‘ A ’ . - ,’(- enmi- mug"! A - ' ’2, ‘1" i \ i A I l BANK (OF ENGLAND° Stock Ofiices 3cc.&c. .I-u. \ .u. \ a: ‘ ,q.rl_u. .‘LrL u.,1 (I m, .. JQLLULEU/ , W: N\__lum..~,,"_1j_fie. .AV (I: l . ..: \ L _F4.TI,L.AQ 3y \\/ , :rEwL; \ . DWARIL“ an \ ummfiafiw/ ,, N / 33x /,\ \N \ L‘\\\\\ ,l. I \ k \I , {NE mm? W. The outer Tre asury. Lothbury Court BANK OF ENGLAND .. Entrance next. Princes Street. ,_ wwwi< ,__ ..h~u-M -).M‘ "a . ,.; "w. “rm. N. "’r‘fl r~*-’— .H -\ut.\ . . ,.\ 1“, J 09 92-62%le 15mm 2&9 ————L.Jf ‘ & t x I ) _l LL DJDF‘D 09001:: :3 {:1 Front. SFB artholo mews IL ane IL I I i : Tammi + ’ 7 ' HE 112} Elf—m "lflfl _ p : DHHHQE ‘5’ W."— eff-$71J:’:*~.I_I-’vilf';I€"_~‘r«g_rau,~_r -~ '3” “1-1 ‘.'_;;“:r‘ 'rr‘vrnv:’ V77 27".}.“51‘1'u‘v‘ “-19 7 v ' J3 4’ ‘ g a {QB} m Lil-Lam. ESP 434"? ‘ 4:3,; I? 1‘ ,7 , ‘ . ‘7 i \ 91—; I" n E El ': ‘ 2 ' a m ‘2‘ “ J "4'" ‘ I - J 3' _ H I E 12341.3 $41 1’; H 1 ‘2 _1JJ' l Front. Threadneedle Street. Front. Lothbury. BANK (OF ENGLAND. > _ ¢ “(2., ,, , ‘3 , ., . . .mw- w s A - w 57w: U ; _ . k _ \ ’ ,. . . _ m ’ ‘ ’ ' - 09:33 at 0.394 ‘8» mm , h" " 7m. BAN K (01!“ MN GLAND) o ) awn”? ( ,.,., '1‘ "319$ ‘69 019m: -"(N '"u ;_ mum?" ' ‘,_' ~M§gffmtg ——-' ff: -.——-<’""_r__w-- /. Mflr_wy\<141 (TH E L S EA HQ SPITAL a .N'ew [11th m 211‘ V. 31 ROYAL HOSPITAL, CHELSEA. WHEN this Hospital was founded, the Infirmary was opposite the West Square :— This situation was a great nuisance,—itl. presented a very offensive Spectacle, from the exposure of foul blankets and noisome bedding:—-Subsequently, some of the rooms in the roof of the house, ninety steps above the ground-floor, were used as an Infirmary:— From these rooms it was scarcely possible for the lame and infirm ever to descend for air and exercise, —-besides the shocking situation of the Patients in case of Fire: —— The Matrons’ rooms were so far from the Infirmaries, that the sick could not have their food and comforts in a proper state.-——-In 1809 I was directed, by the Lords and others, Commissioners for managing the affairs of Chelsea Hospital, “to make Plans for a new and complete In- “ firmary,” to be erected on the site of the Premises contiguous to the Hospital (and originally a’part thereof), lately occupied by Mr. Aufrere, and recently purchased by Government for the use of Chelsea Hospital : éThe Design, made in obedience to these orders, comprised Accommodations for the sick and lame of this Hospital, their nurses and helpers,_also a Surgery, _..a Room for the Surgeon,—a Room for the Surgical Stores,—an Apartment for the Mates,—a Room for compounding Surgical Preparations,—-a Room for Operations (heretofore performed in the wards),—also Cold and Hot Baths:——For the Medical Department;—~there are two Rooms for the Physician, —a Dispensary, —an Apartment for the Apothecary,—and suitable Accommodations for the Matron:—-—— In the Surgeon’s Room, on the doors ofa Bookcase, is the following inscription:—-“ Suos libros de re medica (K in usum Nosocomii concessit Everardus Home Baronetus, hujus Collegii Chirurgus, t‘ ’ M.Dccc.xx11.’ ———~ Over the centre door into the Infirmary is a beautiful basso-relievo, by the late Mr. Banks, R.A., representing Faith, Hope, and Charity, visiting a dying man, — presented to the Royal Hospital by the Architect? Plate xlix. Royal Hospital, Chelsea. Plate 1. 32 On receiving the directions of the Board of Commissioners to prepare Plans for a new and complete Infirmary, it occurred to me, that the new Infirmary and the Ophthalmic Hospital should be near each other; and that the most eligible situation for these Structures would be at the east and west extremities of the Terrace in the South front of the present Building, forming adjuncts to the Royal Hospital, in the centre immediately fronting the River, and near the official Residences of the Physician, the Surgeon, and their Assistants: — This combination, making one large pile, seemed well suited to increase the effect and importance of this great National Establishment; while its proximity to the River afforded those brave men who had fought in the cause of their Country an easy access by water to that Asylum, where, from the liberality of the Government, and the aid of professional skill, they might be restored to many of the comforts of life, and the solace of their wives and childrenz—Here, under shady walks and tented retreats, the convalescent Soldier feasts his mind with the constantly varied scenery of objects floating on the bosom of the ever-flowing Thames: -—Here, “ Batter’d with war, in many a hard campaign, Though the maim’d Soldier quits the martial plain, Fancy restores him to the battlc’s rage, And temporary youth inflames his age;—~~ Again he fights the Foe—counts o’er his scars, Tho’ Chelsea’s now the seat of all his wars; And fondly hanging on the lengthen’d tale, Reslays his thousands—o’er a mug of ale: The vet’ran Hero, with erected crest, Cries, ’twas for my KING —-<--— I have done my best!” '3? 93v; ‘09 91er , u‘. 3117* ,7: " u n II_IIIIIVI!_IA_I:"":;',71 17.. mm_ m 4mm s I 3' m ..___._. 1....._.__¢_‘, ; __‘ ._ V77 I "'/.’:y'_~/a'.r: V #4 ‘ Opth almic Ho spit'al‘ 1‘ New Infirmary :72" 15' De sisCfiL , . n1-unlm-.'A ”Anny ___- _ _ E ‘ - {Z5 —._-___——_—._—_ —_..—-_ -_-.QLQHQEQ—T“—_“IgmgflgflmgmlLlfllBl 1;— I, RQYAL HOSPITAL a, CHELSEA“ _ E .. .,. 3 . ..3 15:, .V‘ .I\ ‘5‘ ; u. A w , 2 . / mum/mm; S m m .H TIL rJ l B E L ‘ m A T g H“ A T I , . P , S , ,_\._;\ Q \ NE, W 2‘ ,i F m «\CQVYK M ,, \\,\m.A SH L E m. C V _ :, «Km-Ml“. , . mmmmmm _,. :\\_ 593 S. lay: / , %9~5» » g 13;» «may L*,h_ .N” H] [my Wu fim ilk/(1’5 . flail 0/7/25 Gala/((11200): __ WI MW ’01? TWIN; JI‘ZNVH“R¢WCE JF'JRGN VIZ 1’1:le 51’. l’ngoi’fl. ‘ 33 THE TEMPORARY RESIDENCE—THE PROBATIONARY DOMICILE, IN LINCOLN’S-INN FIELDS, or THE AUTHOR OF THIS WORK, AND HIS INTENDED DOMUS fETERNA, NEAR SAINT PANCRAS CHURCH. The Temporary Domicile exhibits the arrangement of the Museum and Picture Gallery, Platelii- with a Plan of the Ground Floor of the living Apartment, and a Perspective View of the Entrance Front, &c. PLAN OF PART OF THE BASEMENT STORY, Shewing the situation of the Catacombs,—the Belzoni Chamber,—-the Monk’s Cell, Plate liii. Parloir and Cemetery: — also Views of the Belzoni Sarcophagus. See Details of this inestimable Gem, &c. in the Union of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, By JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. K 34a ' . THE DOMUS ZETERNA Plateliv. , _ . Is a vaulted Chamber under the canopied Architectural Monument erected, in 1815, to the Memory of an affectionate WIFE :--—On one of the Fronts of this Monument is engraved the following Epitaph : —- garter! ' TO THE MEMORY OF E L I Z A B E T H, the Wife of JOHN SOANE, Architect, Who died the 22d November, 1815. WITH DISTINGUISHED TALENTS SHE UNITED AN AMIABLE AND AFFECTIONATE HEART. HER PIETY WAS UNAFFECTED, HER INTEGRITY UNDEVIATING. HER MANNERS DISPLAYED ALIKE DECISION AND ENERGY, KINDNESS AND SUAVITY. THESE, THE PECULIAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HER LIIND, REMAINED UNTAINTED BY AN EXTENSIVE INTERCOURSE ‘VITH THE ‘VORLD. Stranger —— If Virtue o’er thy Bosom bear Control; If thine the gen’rous, thine thiexalted Soul ;— Stranger, approach—this consecrated Earth Demands thy Tribute to departed Worth : Beneath this Tomb thy kindred Spirit sleeps, Here Friendship sighs—here fond Affection weeps —~ Here to the Dust Life’s dearest Charm resign’d, Leaves but the Dregs of ling’ring Time behind : Yet one bright Ray to light the Grave is giv’n, The Virtuous die not—they survive in Heav’n ! ‘ U ///'//«‘/,'//m' [/m/kf/x/J; firm 0/ [/w Bmcmtnz‘l’é/m lime [r/[dz ” 3 1 do” . l/IH/ll/Ir / ‘ ‘ j .- M £9)“ @E k-) m A. I 2 mac if“ ' 'r'l’ 0°Z_J66<:o/r/ ooooooo J. //17 I 11/1, WVW{/< (Dc-ocoo ” W" Wfl/fl’l lg :gl “aiminsz. 0 0 o 0 G c " PROP} [1’ uoonoooo 0 0""0000000000 0009 k1 O «mm/Amoco” K3'fr//}7'(/,\-r' 00090 ‘booon o O o Annualv” qf_ ‘ “unumJfikt-uu V— JIINHIII“ A I’llwfllnu ‘ in, [1/] A, .\\‘ fl {it 4 ’ - .‘ ' ' r; l," ,_ . ' . _ ' , ‘ I .- , ’ >_"_ c ‘ A, K . 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I DID not know thee in that happier hour, When smiling youth upon the lap of life Sprinkles her gayest flow’rs: it was not mine To catch the early sparkles of thine eyes, Or list the playful wit of youthful hours,— Dew—drops that gem the rosy bands of hope, And love, and joy, with graces all their own. Yet, oh! how much remained to tell the past,— How rich an harvest shew’d what spring had been ! Lamented Friend ! thou hadst indeed a heart Illum’d with virtues, whose transcendent blaze, Like the bright comet, seldom seen, nor long ; But, once beheld, can be forgot no more. Gentle as firm, benevolent as wise, Intelligent as good ;—a Woman thou Whose noble nature honour’d all thy Sex, And shew’d what Woman should be. There is One, Whose stricken heart, whose downward-bending eye, Best tell thy goodness, best proclaim his loss ; For he hath climb’d the steeps of life with thee, Repos’d in myrtle bowers, gain’d Fortune’s smile, Inhaled the noblest breath of fame, and felt That all were sweet, for all were shared with thee.— Hath he not also known (unblest in this) To drain from disappointment’s bitterest source The very dregs of vile ingratitude, (The “serpent’s tooth,” which gnaws while it destroys,) And found thee, then—thee, one unequall’d good, In which his heart could rest, his soul confide; Whose gen’rous fortitude where most it felt Could most endure; whose active love essay’d, By tender skill, or boundless sacrifice, To win the barbed arrow from his breast, Tho’ in thine own it rankled still, and urged The very life—blood from the wounded heart? Poor, hapless Wanderer! thro’ this “ vale of tears” He looks in vain to meet the answering look Which sooth’d, upheld, inspir’d him. Death hath seal’d' The dearest eyes that ever beam’d on him. . Unskill’d are they to read the human heart, Who dream the gifts that fill his ample mind, The stores of knowledge and of taste that grace His lofty intellect, will aught avail To save him from the pangs that now await His death-dissever’d heart. Bestows it’s higher pow’rs—it’s finer sense Ah, no I where Heaven Of nature’s harmonies, acutely then Keen Sensibility but points the dart, And Genius guides it to the inmost core. Eternal Father! Thou, whence all proceeds Of woe or joy that marks this mingled state Of transient being, look in mercy down, To soothe and heal his lacerated heart; And thro’ the weary lapse of ling’ring time Support him, till that welcome hour arrive Which grants re-union in a better world! II. WISE, charitable, good; her lofty mind As Man’s intelligent—as Woman’s kind ; Form’d to adorn high fortune’s splendid sphere; Gentle, yet firm ; tho’ courteous, yet sincere; In every path of social duty shone With virtues, powers, and graces, all her own; Cold is the praise these feeble lines impart— More warm it gushes from a Husband’s heart. With trembling hand this Monument he rears, Her better eulogy his heart-felt tears,— Tears which the widow’d breast alone can shed, Which mourns the wort/1y, when it weeps the dead. III. OH, long belov’d ! by every tie endear’d, Admir’d thro’ life, as now in death rever’d : Thou who hast long with bright, but constant ray, Illum’d my youth, and cheer’d my riper day,— Gave joy and health their dearest powers to please, And shed o’er sorrow’s couch the balm of ease; Accept this homage, feeble, but sincere, The votive tablet, the deploring tear, The last sad duty of a faithful life, The pang that mourns the Woman and the Wife. IV. STRANGER ! the hallow’d dust that lies below Was once inspir’d by Virtue’s purest glow; In all the tender offices of life Rever’d,-—-as Friend, as Parent, and as Wife. Her duties she discharg’d with active zeal, And her reward could in those duties feel. Soft in her manners, in her judgment strong, By gentle means she led to right from wrong. Lib’ral, yet prudent, to direct her pow’r In steady course, and not profusely show’r, Reason and Sympathy went hand in hand, And Bounty acted as Discretion plann’d. 36 Such was the Worth untimely snatch’d away From Him now left to lonely grief a prey,— From Him who, drooping with a widow’d heart, In deep despair, can only sighs impart, As fondly ling’ring on the votive stone, O’er the lov’d relics of ELIZA SOANE. V. LINES, IMPROMPTU, ON SEEING THE MONUMENT ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF MRS- SOANE. THE desolated heart, of all bereft That form’d its joy, has but this solace left,-— To grace with solemn rites its awful doom, Strew the cold grave, and rear the sacred Tomb. Thus, Heaven in mercy, for the day of grief, Bade gen’rous Art to Nature yield relief. What tho’ her hand no healing balms impart, To soothe the keener anguish of the heart,— That silent pang, which mocks e’en Time’s control, Unseen by all, save HIM who reads the soul;— ’Tis sweet to praise the worth we held so dear, And claim from kindred hearts the kindred tear; . The sympathy of distant times engage, And point example to a future age. - FINIS. L 0 N D O N: pnmmn 3y .1. MOYES, TOOK'S counr, CHANCERY LANE. INDEX TO THE PLATES. DESIGN FOR AN ENTRANCE INTO HYDE PARK AND ST. JAMES’S PARK, Exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1796. Plate 1. Page 1. DESIGN FOR THE WESTERN ENTRANCE INTO . THE METROPOLIS, Ewhibited in the Royal Academy in 1817. Plate 11. Page 1. DESIGN FOR A ROYAL PALACE TO BE ERECTED ON CONSTITUTION HILL, Exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1821, and subsequently with Alterations. Plates III. and Iv. Page 3. DESIGNS FOR A MONUMENT TO THE MEMORY OF HIS LATE ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF YORK; AND TO PERPETUATE THE SPLENDID VICTORIES OF TRAFALGAR, WATERLOO, &c. &c. &c. Plates v. and VI. Page 5. DESIGNS FOR AN ENTRANCE INTO DOWNING STREET, FROM ST. JAMES’S PARK; AND FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE AND BOARD OF TRADE, &c. &c. Plates VII. VIII. IX. and X. Pages 5, 6, 7, and 8. DESIGN FOR THE NEW LAW COURTS. Plates XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. and XIX. Pages ll, l3, l4, l5, and 16. DESIGN FOR THE NEW ENTRANCE FOR HIS MAJESTY INTO THE HOUSE OF LORDS, Erected between the Third of October, 1823, and the First of February, 1824. Plates XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. and XXIV. Page 18. DESIGN TO MAKE THE EXTERIOR OF THE TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, THE LAW COURTS, AND THE OTHER BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH WESTMINSTER HALL, IN THE SAME UNIFORM STYLE 0F ARCHITECTURE. Plates XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. and XXXI. Pages 20, 21, 22, and 23. DESIGN FOR A SENATE HOUSE, Made in Rome in 1778. Plates XXXII. and XXXIII. Page 23. DESIGN FOR A ROYAL PALACE, MADE IN ROME, 1779. Plate-xxxw. Page 24. THE NATIONAL DEBT REDEMPTION OFFICE. Plate xxxv. Page 25. VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR OF ST. PETER’S CHURCH, WALWORTH; AND or THE CHURCH OR CHAPEL NOW BUILDING 0N BETHNAL GREEN. Plate XXXVI. Page 26. VIEW OF THE EXTERIOR, INTERIOR, AND PLAN, OF TRINITY CHURCH, MARYLEBONE. Plate xxxvn. Page 26. DESIGN FOR A SEPULCHRAL CHAPEL, MADE IN 1796, AND INTENDED TO HAVE BEEN ERECTED AT TYRINGHAM, IN BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Plate XXXVIII. Page 27. TWO DESIGNSFOR VILLAS. Plate XXXIX. Page 27. TWO DESIGNS FOR TOWN MANSIONS. Plate XL. Page 27. DESIGN FOR PENITENTIARY HOUSES. Plate XLI. Page 27. DESIGN FOR ADDITIONS TO NORWICH CASTLE. Plate XLII. Page 28. DESIGN FOR THE PICTURE GALLERY AND MAUSOLEUM AT DULWICH COLLEGE. Plates XLIII. and XLIv. Page 28. ELEVATIONS OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND, AND PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF THE SAME. Plates xxxnI. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. and XLVIII. Pages 29 and 30. DESIGN FOR THE NEW INFIRMARY FOR THE ROYAL HOSPITAL AT CHELSEA. Plates XLIX. and L. Pages 31 and 32. THE EXTERIOR OF THE NEW STABLES AT CHELSEA. Plate LI. C93“50533¢V )4. Rift-)4! =;£)fl‘ii¢diisf ‘ i .tz-‘Ii ~‘. :t.‘ .. V .A ia:nbwa-«“-¢:v5\ . . “4.. v—