THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LANDSC APP ARCIJILIZIHITV GIFT OF Marjorie I}. Iq'l'myl}: I y I: 3431,; : m. m , 7% Prafiical Kite/9m Gardiner : Or, A New and Entire Syfiem of Direé‘tions For his Employment in the M E L O N R Y, KITCHEN-GARDEN, POTAGERY, In the {Everal Seafons of the Year. Being chiefly The O B s E RVAT 1 O N s of a Perfon train’d up in the Neat-Houfcs or Kitchen-Gardens about London. Illufirated with PLA N s and D E so RI PT] 0 N s proper for the Situation and Difpofition of thofe GARDENS. To which is added, by way of SUPPLEM ENT, The Method of Railing CUCUMBERS and MELONS, MUSHROOMS, BORECOLE, BROCCOLI, POTATOES, and other curiou§ and ufeful Plants, as praétifed in Frame, Italy, Holland and Ireland. And alfo, An Account of the LABOURS and PROFITS of a Kitchen-Garden, and what every Gentleman may rea- fonably expeft therefrom in every Month of the Year. In a M E T HO D never yet attempted. The Whole Methodiz'd and Improv’d, By STEPHEN qWITZER, Author of the Pmfiz'ml' Fruit Gardiner. E! qua; Hum“ edumt Heréir Form-(7mm fuz't Ovid Metam.XV. LONDON: Printed for THO. WOODVVARD, at the Hay—Mow over~againft St. Burg/Ian’s Church in Fleet/frat. 1727. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE GEE? ~ TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE V THE Lord BflTHURST, Baron of Battlefden,-€9’c. H MY LORD, H E firfl volume of the Prac- tical Gardiner having been honoured in the front of it by a Noble Lord in great efleem with Your Lordlhip, and all the learned world, I take the liberty of prefenting this to Your Lordlhip, that I may, as it were at one View, pay the greatefi refpeét I may ever be capable of, to Two of the bell: A z ' of 660 DEDIC/JTIOZV. of Mailers, and bell: of Friends; nor {hall I fear the ruins of Time itfelf, nor that my fincere endea- vours in Gard’ning will not be per- etuated to futurity, when {0 high- -ly ennoblecl by the very honourable names of BOYLE and BATHURST. Neither is this the only in4 ducement I have had to addrels this Treatile to Your Lordfhip; the kind confirué‘tion mt upon fome former attempts of} mine on Gard’ning, and the great improve~ ments Your Lordfliip has made in that way of thinking, in your noa ble and uleful Villas and Plan~ tations of Circnceflcr and Riskim, join’d to that perlonal friendlhip You have been always .pleas’d to fhew me, are fuch great obligations as (were Your Lordfliip not lo great a lover of Gardens and Gard’ning 218 DEDICATION as You are) I could not, Without ex- treme injuflice, difpenfe with my {elf Without addreffing lome part of my Labours on Gardening to You. You know (My Lord) how ma‘ ny charms the lovely parts of Agri- culture and Gardening aflord to thofe that purfite them with appli— cation and attention; in that they allord us joys which are altogether pure, and hopes as {weet as inno¢ cent. Nor will this part of it (humble and mean as it is) be, ’tis hoped, beneath Your Lordfnip’s re‘ gard, {ince ’tis from This part of Gardening that is produced all that is genuine and good for the nou— rilhment of mankind; the ufe of lants beings through the Whole compals of life, of that univerlhl importance and concern, that we can neither live nor {ubfifi With- A 3 out DEDICflTION. out them. Befides which, there is 11110, 111 the railing of kitchen- Vegetables, a certain degree of knowledge and diverllon, equal, if not excelling, what any other part of Gardening produces Nor can the Garden Uaflord any thing mo1e delichtful to View than thole forefis of alparagus, a1ticl1okes, let— tuce, peale, beans, and other le- Gumes and edulous plants {0 dif- ferent 111 colour, and of fuch va- rious fl1apes, 111111g as it were from the dead and pietcing the around 111 10 many thoufand places as they do, courting the admiration, 01 re- (Inning the care of the diligent Gan diner. lt is 11 matter of no great in1~ Romance to 1111111L111d,wl1e11 I lay how 111ucl1(1tl1e111 ”707' //%7 ‘ / '//////%//////////////// ///////;///////////////////////////// //‘///////2////////// //./ My I’m/72w F/amw a. 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The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. 5; Sure it is from experience, that lnCvOftlaeeartb ilons require fo much fironger earth than mail” 2 the cucumbers do, efpecially when they ' come to be ridged out, for want of which it often happens that melons die and. go off as foon as they come, to fruit, and the fruit grows yellow and drops off; or if it does dwindle along for fome time, it is flat, infipid, and . good for nothing, when we expeét its 1 perfeEtion. For melons then take the following Preplratiw : account for a preparation for eartthWb for ’ One load of old melon earth, or dung "”10”" that is well confumed, one load of burn-bak’d earth, or fuch as the farmers in the Weft country burn on their lheep~ downs, which is exceeding good in all garden compofis; and one load of loam, fomcthing inclinable to {and 5 and, if it can be got, one fourth of a load of fea—fand, that has lain fome time till the fire of the [alt is qualified; or in the room of it, lheep or deers dung, the fame quantity; let all this be mix’d together the preceding fum‘mer before you intend to make ufe of it, and well turn’d, air'd, and meliorated, and about Miriam/mas, or towards C/zzrz'ji‘mas, let E 3 it '54 of water Prop" for- me me om The ‘Praflz'cal Kite/Jen Gardiner; it be put into a {‘hed, which ought to be adjoining to the melonry for that purpofe, and there kept during the rains of the winter, which will caufe it other- wife to be clammy and wet, and confe— quently dull and fluggilh, and too heavy d and inaé‘rive for the purpofe it is de- ‘ fign’d for. And this earth is in general good for melons when they are put to ridge; but as you are to Life it fiifi of all in railing frames and beds for plants in the feed- leax es, it ought to be a lit- tle lighter, and f0 conlequently to have half a load more of the old melon earth to one load of the abovelhid preparation. The next requifite for your melonry, is good water, for that is to cliential a point, tho’I believe not very much minded, that there are fome kinds of water that will impoverifh the belt and richefl earths to {rich a degree that the plants that grow therein do in a little time grow fick, and dwindle away, and come to norhing. I have already given an account of the feveral properties of water, and how conducive all or mofi: of them are to the buiinefs of vegeta- tion; but what I would more particu- larly recommend in this place, is that which T/ye Tmé'fiml Kite/yen Gardiner; 5 s :which is aflign’d for the melonry, which ought to be firip'd of its crudity, and that corroding quality which is [0 in jutious and deltruétive to herbs and :plants. The water that proceeds from €21 horfe-mixen is reckon’d fome of the belt that can be ufed for wateringa me- lonry; but then it mutt be when they ’ are ridged, and then (as indeed mull all meliorated and compound waters) it mui‘t be ufed carefully, and put under the Vines and leaves, or the water pour’d on at fome difiancc from the roots; for all thofe fort of waters have a kind of fire and heat in them which proceeds from the dung, that will burn up and dellroy the verdure of the vines and leaves, and, damage the fruit too. For plants that are final], and in their feed-leaves, it {hould be only clear water that has flood a day or two in the fun to warm and {often it; and if it has any ill qua— lity, put thereinto a bag of barley; or let it be the water that is drawn ofl’ from the malfler’s fat, which is of great. benefit to correct the coldnefs and cm; dity thereof. The next preparation for the melon-of framu {V is good glallhs, without which tliefi’flmf‘i-V‘ E 4' melonmme'w 56 The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner. melon merchant can’t poffibly effeé‘t his purpofe, either in the feed, bed or ridge, - efpecially his railing-frames fhould {hut very cloth and true, to keep out all the I malignant and exterior air, the frames well dove-tail’d together, and the glais j well cemented with good old well prev 3 par’d putty, to keep the wet from com- ing in, which is exceedingly pernicious to young and as yet tender plants; the frames {hould be. of the driei‘t and belt feafon’d oak, and fuch as will not warp, for if it doesit would be impoliible for the glaffes to {hut clofe at top, and {hould he primed twice or thrice, and painted white, and fo let {land to dry well all the fummer before, if poffible, or elfe the oil and paint will, while it is green, liquidate and run off upon‘ your plants, and fpoil them; and like- wile your glafs, with its wooden mar- gin, lhould {land all the fummer before a drying, it being impoflible but that green putty will let in the wet, and com fequently cool your hot—bed and injure your plants. The railing-frames may be about four foot and a half long, and three foor, or three foot four inches wide, the fore part fix inches, on the back The Tmfiz'r-al‘ Kitchen Gardiner: '5 7. back, part, twelve or fourteen inches high; as I {aid before, well grov'dor. dove-tail'd together, inflead of naile, which is but poor work. The proper- ties and dim'enfions of thofe frames that: are defign’d for the fecond planting muff be about fix. foot, and three fOOt, or three foot and. half wide, twelve or fourteen inches high behind, and fix or eight inches high before; each frame to have two glalfes, as the ridge frames have three. The frames defign’d for the ridgesof Hug, ought to be feven and a half or eightframeif" foot long, and three foot wide, of a- melm’szc‘ bout twelve or fourteen inches high be— hind, and fix inches high before, and. to be divided into three lights, the frames to Hide clofe by one another, and the crofs-bar that the frame lies up- on to have a grove down the middle of. it, that the wet may run off without damaging the plants. Some there are that make fliding fquares at the backs of thefe frames, that have a flider like the lid' of a tinder-box; but thefe are not f0 much in ufe as heretofore, be- caufe the air gulhes in with too great violence; the tilting the glalles with a WP '58 The Tmfiieal Kite/Jen Gardiner.‘ wifp of hay or firaw, when little air is requir’d, or a tile, brick, or piece of wood when a great deal, anfwers much better, becaufe the air difperfes it {elf all over better [0 than when it comes thro’ {'0 large an opening, and does leis hurt. It would be needlefs for me, af- ter all that I have [aid on the furniture of the melonry, to fay much of mat- ting and covering, all which is obvious to the lcafi praétitioners in this art. SECT. II. CHAP. VIII. Of melon feed, its properties, age, man- ner of flwing and keeping. of melon T{oper earth, water, frames and co- feed: for ,, ‘ ‘ o . ,' C h MIMI. urmg being prouded befor , t c Mela/fideln'clOlllfl' fhould likcwife be beforehand WWWP- in the choice of his feed. Ihave alrea- dy noted, that early melons are gene- rally the l'mallefi; whereas later melons are all larger, more ribb'd, and better and weightier melons, fincc in our cli- mate, late and uncertain as it is, any thing that comes very early is rather ow- ing to lbme imperfection in nature than nor, did the dilference may not be very great. ' ' If ‘ The ‘Prafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; 59 If you would chufe therefore for can: ly melons, you {hould chufc of the {malleft kinds, but particularly of thofe that are apt to knit at the firl‘t or fe— cond joint, for which fome are more apt and difpofed than others; but time has pointed out thofe that are amongft the melons, as it has amongft peas, beans, cucumbers, and others of the liortulan and vegetable tribes. But thefe melon feeds muft be colleéled by long acquaintance, diligence and experience, there being little to depend upon of there kinds that are bought at the feed- mens {hops in London, or clfewhere; the early green little melon, and the Anjou or Ira} melon being the chiefeft of this Clals. ()t‘ the middling kind of melon feed, or tliole that are defign’d for the main crop, there are almof’t innumerable kinds that are to be collected, and that with little coil, in almol't any garden of ac- count now in England, this fruit being 10 very common. But there are fome obfervations onoffiwg, the age, and manner of faving it, and 0f melrm the time when it is proper to {ow itffifif’i} that mull not be omitted in this place/awn: it- . .AS 60 TI» Tmfz‘z'ml Kin/am Gardiner. As to the age of it, it is generally {up- pofed that melon. feed will lafl eight or ten years good; and fome will even a- ver, that the longer it is kept the bet- ter; and this indeed holds good in re- lation to forward melons, where the fubflance of the feed being in a great meafure fpent, the plants don’t grow to much to Vine, but are confequently dif— pofed to bear the better; which is the reafon that I would advife all that fow for the firlt crop to ufe feed from four to five or fix years old, but moreIwou’d not advife, but rather that which is newer; but then on the orher hand, if you would have a general crop, feed two or three years old is the belt, and throws out the flrongeft if not the molt fruit, and is generally fuller, and better fed. And thus much as to the proper age of feed. The next is the manner of faving it; in which I conceive many of our belt gardiners are millaken, who depend only upon thofe melons that are juf’r fit for cutting for their feed ,- fince many of them are immature, and not full ripe; and how then fliould the feed be fit to produce good fruit another feafon? Mr. Tire 1’rat’2‘im‘l Kitchen Gardiner; Mr. Te [4 (Quintin e in that lhort account he (or Mr. 'veljn for him) gives of the melons, advifes that the feed fhould be faved out of that fide of the melon that lies next the fun; as fuppoling that on the oppofite fide the fun has n0t had effect enough to ripen the feed to any degree of perfection; but if that were all, the method the melonifis of thefe times ufe in turning the melon fide for fide, is a means by which one fide of the fruit participates of the benefits of the fun as well as the other. But the belt method of faving melon feed is to let fuch as are the bell kinds, and thofe intended for feed, to lie unpull’d or ungather’d till they are over-ripe, and as it were rotten; by which method the feed is fully fed with the juice of the melon, and confequent- 1y is nor fo imperfect, husky and light as it is when taken out of melons that are half ripe ; and of this 1 would have all curious melonifls take heed; nor let the lover of melons be fo ear. nefi as not to fuffer this piece of good husbandry, tho’ it be a denial to the pa- late for a year or two, fince he will be allln'cdlv repaid for it in years to come; neither GI 6 Office hef- ‘ The Trafiiml Kite/9m Gardiner. neither can he be altogether wanting at that time; though it mutt be confefs’d that all fuch feed fliould be faved from . the firfl main crop; or to {peak more intelligibly, the firl’t melons that are fet on the ridges. The next thing I would recommend i”gt’f the to the care of the curious, is to keep feed. their feed (after having well clean’d and. dry’d it in a moderate fun) is- to put it up in paper bags, and the kinds be- ing numbred, or wrote on and referr’d to, let it be put in a room not very damp nor very dry, for the one would mold the feed, and the other dry it up ; but in a middling room, where the air nor damp has much power, opening the bags and hitting the feeds once a month, or thereabouts; and in, winter, damp, cold, wet weather, to take the advantage of a warm fun-fhiny day to fpread them open, and dry them, and then put them up in their bags again, and place them from whence they were brought. Your fituation, earth, glaflbs, feed, (’91. being thus prepar'd beforehand, and eve- ry thing in a readinels, the careful me- lonifi is to confider about the time, me- ’ thod The Traflz'cjal Kite/sen Gardiner; thod and manner of towing his feed, and to be always beforehand in his con— . fiderations about the tranfplanting and removing them, fince without this his plants may grow lick and flunted upon his hands, and fo contaminate and die without any poflibility ,of retrieving them. a = SECT. II. CHAP. IX.” Of the time and method for fbwz'ng me: [on fieds, making the loot-bed culture after fiwing, 6m. - Any are the methods and feafons that melonifis ufe in fowing their melons, fome beginning very early, and others later, all of them with diffe- rcnt luccels, as the feafon of the year, the good or bad fituation on which they are placed, or what is more, than our diligence and care gives leave. It is known from experience, that early cucumbers, which are carry’d on with fuccefs, and without any Hunting, will be ready to cut in about eight or ten weeks from the feed; but it is’well if melons can be fo expedited as to cut 3 in 65 ‘64. The Tmflim’lék'itz‘bm Gardiner. in three or four months; an‘d‘here'in‘ deed the tearline'l’s ahdgoodnefs of the feed, together with the warmne'fs and 'fecurity of the place, has agreat'hand. 51f the weather prOVes good, ~youvmay ~fow your melons‘(of the early kind) a- bout the. IE or 2‘4'o'f 'Feémmy; tho-If it fhould prove but indifferent, in all probability thofe that are {own about the middle or .latter .end of the fame month, or the beginning of Marc/.7, may be as forward; however, it is not pro- per to lbw all youraearlyifee'd at once, but at two or three times, that in cafe one crop mill'es, another may hit. And the fill thing toibe done, is thevnurfery or feed-bed. cf making You are to get together what quan- ‘be ””19" tity of dung you {hall think fuflicient bed. to make your nut‘fery- bed, which may be about four or five foot wide, fix or {even foot long, and about four foot, or four foot and half high: let it be of the dung that the liOi'fes have made for one, two, three or four weeks pali (a~ mongft which no hog’s or other cattle lhould be admitted, becaul‘e they (poll the goodnefs of it) and let an equal quantity, of two load, more or lefs, of 4 every five Traffim'l Kite/yen Garaé'nei‘.w every one of thofe weeks dung be car- ried to the melonry, and there laid dOWn fepararely, and about a load of Cole-”allies, or tanner’s bark by it, then let all the ingredients be all together into one heap, and well miX’d in the cal’ting. The {ea-coal afhes or tanner's bark be- ing mix’d amongl‘t it, is in order to make the bed retain its heat the longer; tho’ fome lay it in layers as the bed is made up, then let the whole fwe‘at together for two or three days, Whillt the fury of it be a little abated, and the heat be brought to be a little more regular; when the two or‘ three days are expired, make the dung fo call up into a long fquare bed, of the dimenlions before di~ refied, treading it pretty well, but not too hard; and when that is done, and you have put in a layer of old rotten dung of the lalt year’s making, in order to keep the too Violent heat of the bed down; put on your railing-frame, as ’tis ufually call’d, and the next day put on the earth, being mix’d and kept as be- fore direé‘ted; and if the weather is ve- ry cold, or you don’t find the heat rife in your bed in good order, wrap it round warm with two or three bundles of F wheat M1 '66 The Y’raflical Kite/am Gardiner. wheat firaw, which will (con raife the heat, and in a day or two you may {ow your feed as foon as you find the earth is warmifh. Some fieep the feeds in warm milk for fourteen or fifteen ‘hours; which is not an unneceflary pre- caution, efpecially when the feed is old. And thus may your bed remain for four ._or five days, only tilting the glafl‘es a little, if it be any thing of good wea- ther, and letting in of (0 much fun and air as will dry the glaflts of the fleam which naturally arifes from the hot-bed. 01%, my, About four or five days after the feed me “fter is (own, as I have iufi now intimated, f‘m’mg it will appear aboxe cground; but they mui‘t not as yet, if the weather ihould prove fine, have too much fun, becaule it will be apt to draw up the heat of the bed too f-afi but as the temper of the bed appears to be, they are to have either more or leis fun and air, only in the morning , as (0011 as the inn ap« pears pretty firong, or indeed at all live- ly, you muli, not only while they are in their feed- leates, but alto always after- wards, turn the glafles upfide down, and bruih OFF the dews or fieam that has atifen from the bed the night be- : fore, The ‘Pmfiz‘ral Kitchen Gardiner. fore, and as much as you can dry the under-fide of the glafs, thofe drops bea- ing very pernicious to your tender plants; and as the furious heat of the bed exi- pires and grows more regular, your ten— der plants grow more firong, then you may give them more fun and air, al- ways keeping, as well now as hereafter, fome f’ticks about a foot or two long, by pulling of which now and then out: of the bed, you may perfectly difeern in what temper the bed is; if too hot, and that the {tick does as it were feald or burn your fingers, then you muft get a {trong iron bar, and making feveral great holes into the fides of the beds, the fury of the heat may pafs out, and then there mutt be more air given bed tween the frame and the glaffes: but if the heat of the bed abate, and it be coldilh, then muf’c new dung be apply’d to the fides, to [trike frelh heat into the bed, in the doing of all which there mutt be the greatefi care, and per- ‘ petual watching and infpeéting the tem— per of your bed; for in that, the whole fuecels of your melons and cucumbers confifls; for, as has been before obferv’d, if once your plants are burnt by too F 2. much 67. 68 T17? Tradflcal Kitchen Gardiner; much heat, or (hinted by the coldiiefs of the bed, or any other neglect, it‘ will be impoflible to recover them a- gain, and plants newly {own are much to be preferr’d before them; and tho' it is true that there is no very great oc- calion to urge what has been fct down on this head, on account of the feed- bed; yet I thought I could not enter thcfe cautions too ibon, and they {hall be repeated as often as it comes in my way, that they may make the greater impreflion on my readers. And here Ican’t but remark an error which I think is very obvious, in my ingenious friend Mr. Bradley, who advil‘es thc fowing melons in Gila/Jar; becaufe how agree— able ioever it may at firi‘t fight appear to be, yet experience tells us, that both melon and cucumber-plants will not ad- mit ot’any {toppage at all, but mutt be carry’d on with iiill career from the time of their lowing, till you reap the fruit; and if once liii‘t‘er’d to be at a Hand, as cabbage, collyz’lowers, and ether garden vegetables do, they are good for no- thing; or cite we might. indeed have melons very early, by [i1“t method this gentleman aims at. i S E C T. The Trafiiml 1(2me Gardiner. 6 9 SECT. II. CHAP. X. 0f the tran/flantirgg t/cem out of the fled into five nurflrr bed [baa/mg, wa— tering, giving them frefla earl/J, air, (Sec. melons, as deliver’d by fomc ot‘our “6"”; 2”; modern authors, Ifind little notice takenfiwnm; of a {econd bed, or beds, to be madeplmmg for the pricking melons and cucumbers??? °" out from the feed—bed, tho’ it is the ' Conflant praétice of all melonills, and the omitting of which is, I humbly con- ceive, the giving very infperfeCt direc- Tions to the learner, in this fo ufcful an art, fince there is no practitioner that does not know that neither melons nor cucumbers are tranfplanted direftly out of the feed-bed into the fecond bed: and ’tis indeed in the fecond bed that there is requir'd all the care and dili- gence I have before laid down as to the feed-bed, {ince ’tis here they mifcarry, as much or more than any where. \V hen the plants 111 the feed- bed come Oftbetime to be pretty firong, which they will beg: 7:35 P 3 in M, 25cca BY an inl‘pec’tion into the culture Ofdnomiflz‘an 70 Tire Trafiiml Kitebm Gardiner; in eight or ten days after they appear, then the feedleaves will be as broad as a fix-pence, and then ’tis that the care- ful melonill mull make this fecond bed. It mull be about twelve or fourteen foot long, and five foot wide, according to the llze of his frames, which for this fecond bed lhould be of two lights of equal dimenfion with thole of one light for the feed-bed : This bed mull be made with all the caution that I have given in the firfl, and {hould l’tand three or four days with the earth on, before you plant your plants therein, that you may the better clitl‘orer its temper; for if it lhould heat and rage to any great egree, and the plants lhould be burnt, y u have all your work to begin anew again; but it it lhould heat but (lowly, it will be very eat}; to quicken it by the methods I have laid down in the fore- going direc’lions, mix. by well Cloathing of it with clean wheat-thaw, or new- lining the bed with dung; but this lat} precaution rarely happens to new made beds, except in extream cold weather. But the bed being thus made, and earthed about fix or eight inches thick, (/37. the plants may be planted out in about T/Je Tmfi‘iml Kite/sen Gardiner. about two, three, or four days after, ac- cording to its temper, as before fet down; let it be in rows about three inches afunder one from another, and about two inches apart in the rows, keeping every kind of melon by it felf, as it was when you fow’d the feed, that fo you may diflinguifh the l‘everal kinds, and plant an equal or fuch a quantity of each as you l‘hall bel’t like; giving the preference to fuch only as are ex- quifitely good. There are many that tranfplaiit their plants out of the feed-bed into baskets or little pots, and (0 remove them from! bed to bed, till they come to the ridge. And this has indeed been the method of many praaitioners for fomc years; did now in a great meafure laid afide, for that the often tranfplanting them entirely naked out of one bed into an- other, is found to make them take ne- ver the better and frelher roots; Where- as they don’t do (0 the Other way; and tho’ by the other way I am now talk- ing, the plants are lefs check’d, that the checking is rather an advantage to the bearing and profperity of the plant than not; and experience teaches us how well F 4, theft? 71‘ 72; The mefliml Kitchen Gardinerl thefe plants profper in frefh mold, after- they are newly planted and recovered again, did I fhould advife atrial of this way too. Ofwatering As foon as they are planted you mail a}; ”9.10”” give them fome water, to make them Lgémbigjake root the better; and ihade them with mats for a day or two, and after that with clean wheat-flraw, . that the fun may glimmer in, and the plants get i’trength by degrees. Thus let them remain for a fortnight, taking great care to give them what air is requifite to keep them from running up long—legged and weak, which they will do, if kept too cloil’, and be {0 weak as to be good for little or nothing. And every morn— ing, as foon as the fun has got a little firength, and it be warm, lay them open to its cheerful embraces, and dry the glnfll‘s in the manner as has been dime“:- ed in the lafl tedion. I have never yet prov’d what Mr. Brad/(fly recommends, as to the putting of a dry woolen cloth jui’t under the glalles, to receive all that moiilure and Ream that is {o pernicious to plants in their infancy, and which tarniihcs and burns them in dry hot wea~ ther,’ and is to apt to roe them in wet; a but The Tmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner; but recommed it to the trial of thofc who have leiliire for the experiment. To what has been faid, likewife let it be added, that the careful melonift throws fome clean wheat flraw over his glalles in all violent hot weather, of uhieh there happens now and then a day in the coldelt feafons; and it is of that intenfenefs, that it does a prodigi- ous deal of hurt to plants that have been all along ufed to but little fun. Strange is it indeed in England, that there fhould be occaf on of this precaution , but fuch is the inf’tability and uncertainty of our climate. But to proceed. It is of great import likewife, that you water them with a fine rofe water-pot once in a week, or oftner, if the drynels and finenefs of the wea- ther requires and will permit: But what is of confiderable advantage to them, is the putting new frefh earth to the roots as they grow up, which, be as careful as ever you can, will be a little long- legged , the plants will {trike frelh roots, by this earthing, quite up to the very leaf: and it will not add a little vigor to the health and well-doing of them. The watering above-mention’d f‘nould be 73 74- Tbe ‘Pmfiiml Kitcbm Gardiner. be as foon as the fun is fitong enough for you to open your glalTes in the morning; and the glaifes fhould remain of till the water is brufh’d off the plants and fettled to the roors; and remember it {hould be of that water that comes out of the malfier's fat, and has been fer in fome tub or cover to warm; and. if all that is wanting, water gently warm’d over a fire is of confiderable life; but the wild you warm it in muft not be greafi'. And if any part of the bed burns {o as to endanger the plants, the burnt or i‘calded earth mufi be fcrap’d away, and water ponr’d on that fiery place, and frclh earth put in the room; of which the tender plants themfelves will be faithful monitors, and by their llirinking their heads give early notice of their misfortune. How happy is it to have a careful gar-diner always at— tending his beds, and by watching to ‘give them relief! but on the contrary, how "many are there, that for one drnn- ken fir lol‘e the labour of tome weeks,- and by this neglect, the plants, remain— ing in this flare, will, as juft hinted, in about a fortnight or three weeks, be tit for planting in the ridge; which will be The Traffical Kitchen Gardiner; 7 5 be difeovet’d by their making new joints, and burnifhing and fpreading into longer leaves, much different from the feed- leaves. All which fhould be hafined and expedited as you fee the decay of heat in your feeond bed requires; becaufe, as is before faid, if you now fuffer your plants to want heat, and to go back, they will never recover more, or make any progrefs to any purpofe. SECT. II. CHAP. XI. 0f the making ridges, trmgfp/zmting, watering, finding, priming, «Sec. N about a month or five weeks time, of ,1” or lefs, from the fowiug, your me- W" 471“" lon plants will be fit to plant out, which Z5 '52:? fhould be after they have made five or into rages; fix leaves befides the feed ones, and jul’t before they begin to run; for the put- ting it off longer will fpoil the plants, (but your cucumbers will be fit in lefs time) fo that about the 10th of Marc/a, when the fun begins to get firength, you may fafely ridge out your firl’t crop of melons; (as you ought to have done your cucumbers twelve or fourteen days before 5) '76 of Jufig PM?" for vulgar. The Traé'r’ical Kite/am Gardiner; before 5) and towards the latter end of March, or beginning of A’prz’l, the ridge for the main crop Ought to be made; by which means your melons will come in in good order, in May, 7am, yum or beginning of flugufl, after which me- lons lofe much of their true and natural tafie and goodnefs. This ridge ought to be four foot wide, and three foor high, and about thirty foot long, it being to hold four frames, in each of which are three holes, which make in all twelve holes, is fuflicient for the firi’t crop, in the largel‘t melonries; three frames, making nine holes, and about twenty two foot long, or two frames, making about fifteen or fixteen foot long, containing fix holes, will be l‘uificicnt for a {mallet melonry, that is, for the firlt and ear-heft crop. If the dung be dry, which can’t be {0 well Chofe in a large defign for ridges, as for {mallet beds, it mull be niix’d well with that which is new and moil‘t, and watered as you make it up; the dung having laid a day or two in {weat- ing, as is before {et down. And as e- very yard long will take up two or three waggon load of dung, {o thereto fliould be added half a load of cole-aihes, or ,I tanner‘s The Trafliml Kitchen Gardiner: 7i tanner’s bark, either mix’d well togel ther with the long dung, or laid in layers, about three or four layers in the height of the ridge, in order to make the dung heat with more gentlenefs, and retain its heat the longer; and on the top of all, there fliould be laid about five or fix inches thick of the old dung of laft year a little rotten, to deprcfs the fury of the heat. And as it fometimes happens that new dung is {catce to be had, new-mow’d grals out of the garden-walks is very good, when mix’d with old long dung, which when mix’d alfo with fome cole- afhcs, or tannet’s bark, will retain its heat as long as new dung will; in the mean time, if wet weather, or any 0- ther accident {hould happen, the ridge is to be lin’d with dung, or clean wheat- fitaw; but this is not often wanted till the fruit is knitting. To proceed. The ridge being ready, of the the plants are to be fet out at cqualfffifim diliances, three in a hole, according to info the the files of your frames; I mean, fo as "ids"- that the middle of every hole {hould be jul‘t in the middle of every light of glafs. Pegs or flicks made of wood, are to be fet, 7:8 The Trac‘i‘iml Kite/Jen Gardiner. fer, and holes of about a foot and a' half, or two foot diameter, made in the faid dung, into which you are to put the earth that I have at the beginning of thefe directions appointed, and let it be piled up round the peg or flick in the nature of a hop-hill. The reafon for the making thefe holes in the mid- dle of the ridge for the melon plants, is, that the dung may not be too near the roots, but may be fo far dil’tant as the fibres may not be in danger of be- ing burnt. But to proceed. Put on the frames for the ridge, and let them fiand for a day or two, in which time the heat of the bed will begin to rife; but if it {hould not, then cloath it with long dung, flraw, haulm, matts, 6‘6. and it foon will. But if it be found that the heat of the ridge rifes too fait, and it be like to burn, uncover it, and open holes with an iron bar on the fidcs, as I have in other cafes of this nature preltrib’d. In about three or four days, as you find the temper of the ridge is, ' plant out your melon plants, having due regard to the kinds as they hand anumbred with wooden labels or flicks, and referr’d to your diary. But the dung between "The Traéfiml Kitchen Gardiner; 79 between the holes remains {till bare, and unfill’d with earth; neither is it yet to be fill’d, till the fmoke and fury of the ridge is over, which will endanger the burning of the plants if cover’d too foon. The glafl‘es alfo that are fram’d fhou’d not be put on till three or four days or a week are expir’d, but only hand-glaf- fes, or bells; for if the frame-glaflbs {hould be put on before the heat of the bed is a little affwaged, there would be danger of the plants being fufi‘ocated; but thefe glafl‘es fhould be cover’d like- wife with mattreifes or clean wheat— firaw, as will hereafter be more di- reeled. The plants {hould be watered imme- ofwatering diately, as foon as they are tranfplanted, ”“1”” “‘ which ought to be in the morning orgy/p122” evening of fome fine day, (noon-tideedorméz’d- not being fo proper) that they may not take harm in their removal, and f0 be- ing cover’d up with all the elofenets and fecurity that is confii’tent with the tem— per of the bed, there let them remain lhut up for two or three days, till they have flruck root, and can better bear the fun; after which they Inuit be. ufed to So The imeiiMl Kitchen Gardineri. to it by degrees, putting on clean wheat: firaw, or haulm, which will permit a fmall quantity of fun and air thorough, till taking it off by little and little, they be left quite naked, and by thofe fleps made to harden by degrees; all the while care being to be taken by flicks put into the bed, as before, to watch the motion of its heat, and be upon the guard againfl its burning. Ofpmning Many are the methods that gardiners Qf melon, and melonifls make me of in the culti- vation or pruning their melons; but none there are, that I have found, ei- ther in books or practice, that are bet- ter, if to proper, as thol‘e that Monfieur we [a Quintinge long fince lent to Mr. Evelyn, which Illiall fer down, with fuch alterations and additions of my own as time and experience has directed. The firit thing appearing after the feed is fown, are a pair of finall leaves, with them in France call'd ears, but with us feed-leaves, only lometime after appears between the two former a linglc leaf, which may be call’d the firll leaf, and is in cucumbers of a dark red, and in melons of a light green colour; after which fuccccds, and oppofite to it, an- other The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. Other of the fame kind; and from the middle of both there comes another, which we will call the third knot or joint; which third knot is always to be pinch’d of near the joint, in order to make the plant burnilh and fpread the better; but this pinching ought to be done {ome days before you plant it in the ridge, or fome days after it is well el’tablilh’d there; becaufe the pinching the vine, and tranfplanting it at the fame time, gives it fuch a check as it fcarce ever recovers; and tho’ it may be an allowable praétice on early melons, which can’t be check’d too much, fo as to make them bear, yet for the main crop you are to follow the firl’t direé’tions; but this pinching before-mention’d fhould be done with very {harp nails, or rather fine fciflars, 12) as not to wound or bruife the plant. But from thence, I mean from the Jail nipping that the flrfi leader lhoots out, and is that which will produce others, that may alfo be cal- led, firl’t, fecond, and third knots; which third or lali, and all fuch others as {hall luccced, are to be nip’d off at fuch third ioint ; which will always keep the plants lhort : and from thofe knots and joints G it St 82 Morefuccrf: in pruning of the tome: of melons. Tbe Traffiml Kite/am Gardiner, it is that many other branches will in I like manner proceed, knit, and form 1 into excellent fruit, provided the plant :1 be planted in good mold, and n0t hurt 3 or burnt in the managing and covering. , It is not to be forgor (fays my au- - thor, p. 2.) that from the middle like— ‘ wife, between the feed-leaves, or large : and two firfl leaves, there frequently* rifes another branch, which may be a- . bated or left on, as it’s likely to prove, A efpecially if a vigorous one, which lhou’d l then be took away, and the firl‘t branches : encourag’d; as lhould likewile all others that fhoot upwards; becaufe it is not in the numbers, but in the quality and goodncfs of branches that a good melon plant confil’ts. And it mull be noted, that it is in this, as in every thing bearing * fruit, it is the middling vines that bear Of 3})! fe- [oiid pun.- ing 5f me- lam. the belt; on which account, all very vi- gorous and large runners {hould be nip'd off; as alfo many, or mol‘t of tliole that are very weak and very linall. And thus much for the firfl pruning of melon plants, as they {land either in the lecond bed, or in the ridge. There is yet another pruning, which is of as great import as the full, or greater; and The Tmfiz'ml Kitchen Gardiner; and that is, when the fruit is about Tet- ting, and as large as a finall gerkin or pickle cucumber; for it ottcn happens, that for want of this the fap pafl‘es on by the fruit that is newly fet, and runs towards the end or extremity of the Vine, conducing to the lengthning it, and fiarves the fruit that is near the root; at the fame time forming new fruit, whilfl the old grows yellow, and falls off. And this indeed, both on account of pruning, and other care, is the mofl: critical time of all, efpecially if the wea- ther be cold, and the ridge failing in its heat. As to the pruning part, I would not fhorten or prune the vines jui’t above the fruit, becaufe that would, if I may ufe f0 vulgar a term, give fuch a rebuff, or rather check to nature, that the fruit would rather fufi’er, than be help’d and improv’d by it. I would therefore rather advife the pruning two or three joints above the fruit. Indeed by this means you will not have many melons to a vine, but they will be much better fed; two or three to a plant, that is, fix, eight or nine melons to a hole, is I'uflicient; but if ten or twelve be allow’d, it mufi be faid to be a very G 2 good 83 34. Tbe Tmé‘z‘iml Kitchen Gardiner. good crop, and rather too much; but to be fure cut away all {mall weak vines and fruit. Direfliom Somewhat agreeable to this, is what §{:M(‘£{i2° Monfieur ‘De la ,Quintinje direéts, who tinye, on tells us, That when the foot of melon ‘bi’Pomh plants grow over-luxurious in branches, the feeblefi of them {hould be cut away, leaving not above three or four of the mofl: vigorous, and \vhofe knots grow near one anorher; and when the me- lons are knit, fufi‘er not above two to each foot, chufing inch as are bel‘t plae'd, and march to the main and principal flem, which {hould be thick, thug, and not too far above the ground : Ot‘ thofe that are knit, and beginning to form, make choice of the handfomef’t, that are well trufl'Cd with a thick fhort tail, melons with long tails, {lender and nar- row leaves, never proving worth any thing. And the fame may be faid, as to the numberlefs {mall branches that will of- fer themfelves at remote dillanees from the root, which if you let them alone, and don’t flop that exuberance in due time, and be. not vigilant to rel‘train them, ’tis true they will (lays our ingenious au- thor) T193 Trafliml Kite/Jen Gardiner. 85 thor) prefent you with fruit at the ex- tremities of their branches, but ’tis little Worth, as being fo far dil’tant from the roor that the fap fpends it felf, in its tedious paflage, before it arrives, as you will find by its wither’d branches. _ Thus (fays be) you fee I am careful to urge the Items of all the fmall, {trag- gling, and unprofitable branches, from which there is no expectation of good fruit, whilf’t offending of thofe that have wellknit melons on them at the ends of their branches: I confiantly take a- way the end of that branch on this fide, (he lhould have faid, on the extremity of the fruit, but the difiance he does not tell us,) which divaricating into other ufclcfs wanderers, would rob and de— prive the nutriment derived from the root; neverthelefs, with this caution, that fome Other lefs noxious branches be left to lhade the fruit, that it be not left quite naked, and expofed to fuch a fcorching heat as would hinder its growth in coming to maturity, which is forty days in knitting into fruit, before it ar- rives to its full perfefiion. Oman»; 1 have already hinted at what a criti- nagememf cal juncture it is when the fruit of me-‘bm‘igw the fitting G 3 10115 of thefmit. 86 The Traffical K itclmz Gardiner; lons firf’t fets or appears, efpecially if the weather be either too hot or too cold; particularly as to the lafi, if the ‘ridge decays in its heat, the intenfenels of the fun, or at leaft thofe fudden and Violent fits of it that often happens in. the lpring, is as defirue’tive to the well fetting of fruit, as cold is; becaufe by coming all of a fudden it gives fuch a {hock to nature, that fruit of all kinds tumbles off more by it than colder wea- ther; which {hould direct the careful melonil‘t to cover his glafl‘es with wheat- i‘traw, and give the vines only a glim- mering light, on all fuch violent occa- lions, till the fruit is fironger and bet- ter fet; and in cafe of cold weather, and the ridge begins to abate of its heat, the tides of the beds fhould be all new~ lin’d, and that very foon, before the plants complain, or elfe you may lofe this firll crop, to your great fhame and dil‘content; having the flicks always {luck ready in the ridge, to be pulled out on every occafion, as faithful mo- nitors of the good or ill temper the ridge is in. Then as to covering, it {hould be (as Monfieur ‘De la (Quintin)? dire€ts) from eleven 7736’ ‘Pmfiim! K fir/gen Gardiner. 87 eleven till two, or rather, in exceflive weather, till three a clock; which ex- cellive heat is not only too violent for the young fruit, but alfo exhaufls and conlumes (as that laboriOus author tells us) all the humidity that is neceflary to both root and branches. To go on with him: It is alfo requifite to cover the melonry, when it rains much, left too much moiflure prejudice the fruit; all which requires a great deal of care, and. no linall pains; tho’ the regular proceed- ings be, to all true lovers of gardening, :1 real pleafure. In the fetting or knitting of melons, Tammie the ridge {hould be well lined. on the ‘10" M "1‘ back— fide with good new dung, two or 72:13: (”6 three foot thick, in order to Prrike frelh heat into it, if it be any way decaying, which is very often, in rcferving the Other fide, and the inter-{paces between ridge and ridge, :1 little longer; and nore, that on your firf’r ridges, you may raife the melon plants you {hall want for your fecond and third crops, with- out the trouble of making new beds for that purpofe. And in about afort- night or three weeks after the ridges be- gin to fruit, fill up all the inter-{paces G 4 between 88 Of watering Melon: at the firm? ’1 a fruit. The ‘mer’z‘cal Kite/am Gardiner; between ridge and ridge with new dung all‘o, and this will carry them thro’ till all the fruit that is neceffary for a good crop is eflablilh’d. Watering melons when the fruit is fetting, is another thing that fhould be done with great care and circumfpeétion, iince too much water will make it turn yellow, and drop; as will indeed too little, which will alfo make them flirivel, and give notice of their want of re- frel'hment; but of the two, it is better to let them have too little water, than too much, and what they have {hould be pour’d on to the extremities of their roots, rather than dafh all the vines over with water, becaufe the wet will be very injurious to the young fruit, as yet very tender and fpongy; and will alfo do 'fome harm to the leaves and vines. In- fiead of watering them often in the ulual manner, take the brims of an old hat, and lifting up the vines gently, once in two or three days, rake off the dry harih mold, and put that which is frelh and moif’t in its room, for this will impart nourifhment to the fibres in a much more gentle and falutary man« ner than precipitate watcrings, and hally ‘ dafhings 3 lee ‘Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner; 89 dafhings; and when you do water them, which fhould be once a week at molt, when they are knitting, and not above twice when near grown, you are to hold up the vines gently with your old hat- brims, and pour it round at the extre- mity of the fibres, in fuch a manner that the water touch not the leaves nor fruit; and let the water be fuch as is taken from the bottom of fome horfe- dung heap, or fuch as has been melio- rated by {heep or deer’s dung, and fer a warming in the fun for a day or two. The time of day for watering, is aC-Ofthetim cording to the feafon of the year, andfi” We" Rate in which your fruit is; when it is Mg young, and newly knitting, the belt time is in the morning, about eight or nine a- clock, as foon as the fun has got fircngth to dry up all fuperfluous moif- ture; but when the fruit grows larger, and the days are longer and hotter, then the evening is the belt time: At all which times, care {hould be taken next not to wet the vines, for that will fcald them; nor {hould the roots or Items touch the hot dung. The latter part of thel‘e direé’cions are agreeable to my oft‘ quoted author: Never fuffer (fays he) 2 the 90 ,Tbe Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner. the root or flalk of your melon plants to touch the dung; nor lhould you wa- ter them immoderately, but when the earth is very dry, and the feafon excef— fively hot, refrelh and give the roots drink, without deferring till the lhoots complain, when it may come too late. I water them (adds he) in thofe parehing feafons two or three times a week, and in the evening, when the fun is letting; covering them alfo with mattrefl‘es in the-middle—part of the day. oxym- It mull be coufelsd that over-water- Zrfiojfifzeing is one of the greatelt faults our (prairie/30f Eng/1]?) gardiners are guilty of, during ¥*98'”€-"0”’v the whole'courie of their care, from the time that. plants are ridged out, till the fruit is cut, tho’ there is nOthing f0 effe€tually fpoils both vines and fruit as this does (given in any degree too much) and carries the fruit to have all that waterinels and infipidity that its mailers and owners complain of. To avoid therefore, as much as pollible, this {0 much and f0 jufily complain’d of error, 1 re—prelci-ibe (what 1 lately hint- ed at) viz. my full method of raking away all the dry mold that lies upon the ridge, under the vines, by holding them T/ye Traifical Kitchen Gardiner. 9 t them up with a large brim’d‘ hat, be- caufe the vines are not fuppos’d to fpread all over the bed, and putting that which is frelh and moii’t in its room, with earth oft watered with the melon water before fpoken of, and this will impart great moiflure and rcfrelhment to the roots, by being done once a week. Other waterings fhouid be at a dif- Oft/Jege- tance from the root, in the alleys that if”: '17:: are between each ridge, which will dif—n‘fmg of fufe its moifiure to the young tendrils ""10“- and roots of the melon; and other waterings, by holding up the vines, as before directed; but the thorough wa- tering with the rofe all over the hole with fair water, fhould not be done above once in a week or ten days, be- caule the liuit ol the melon being fpongy, the water {inks into its tender coat and p11 py integumcnt- , which 15 one of the caules ot’ the misfortune I have been complaining of, Imean bad watery me- lons. AnOther reafon of melons having a bad tafle (next to a bad feafon) is the taking away the glaffes and frames, and expoling them to the open air and wea- ther of all kinds too foon 5 which tho’ in 92; The Traflical Kitcbm Gardiner; in warmer countries, as in Frame, Spam, (’y'c. is proper enough, yet with us in England, where even our fummer nights and cold dews are like fo many win— ter ones beyond fea, thofe coverings ought to be kept on to preferve your fruit dry, and free from all noxious dews and other moifiure, and which often happens; during this fecurity, and premeditated carelefsnefs, fuch ftorms of hail, rain and thunder have fallen, as have at once marr’d all the labour and hopes of the preceding fpring and fummer; at leafi, it fills the melons full of water, and makes them eat flattifh and infipid. Where note, that towards the latter end of the feafon, you are not to wa- ter at all, except there be the greatefi occafion imaginable; and the curious melonifis lhould not be fond of mak- ing his fruit (as gardiners too oft do, and find theml'elves in it) to fwell too much in bignels, as they endeavour to make them have a good tafle and fla- vour,- on which account it is that all melons fhould be laid on a tile, and oft-times turn’d, that it may ripen the better, which when it has, by the addi¢ tion of a little hand-glais in the bargain, it The Trofiiool Kitolzen Gardiner: it has all the advantages that either art or nature is capable of furnifhing him with. S E C T. II. C HAP. XII; Of the properties of good melons, 8cc. Aving traced the method and man: ner of railing melons from their infancy to perfeétion, nothing now re» mains, but to fet down fomething con- cerning the properties of good melons, their method of ripening, and gathering them, e’rc. Mr. (De la ,Quintinje, concerning meo‘ lons, tells us, that great and pumpkin- like melons are very feldom tolerably good, as arriving to their bulk either from the nature of their feed, or from fuperfluous waterings: \Vherefore (tho’, as he has faid, they cannot fupport the too exceflive heats Without it) the lefs water you give to plants (provided you find them not to want it) the better, and that rather a little at a time than much; once a week, for the melt part, is Intficient; and I beg leave to add, that towards their time of ripening, " 7 none '93 94- Tbe Tmflz'cal Kite/5m Gardiner. none at all, for a week or ten days; except it be of the frelh mold I have heretofore recommended. And as to this (fays he) you mul‘t de— termine and regulate your refrelhments with great circunafpeétiori, and judge by the nourilhment which you conceive necefl'ary to produce and maintain the foot, with its branches and leaves grow: ing from it, without which no kind nor genuine fruit is to be expected. \Vhen you gather a ripe melon, you will have notice by its turning a little yellow; for from that time (as the wea- ther proves) it does ordinarily ripen, and begin to cafi a grateful (cent, the yellownefs appearing in fome part of it or other, and not leldom with fome rift or little chafings about the fialk, (/91. are molt infallible indications of its be- ing rather too long, than too haflily ga- thered : The gardiner therefore mull not fail to vifit the melonry, at leall three times a day, morning, noon, and even- ing, for this critical time of ripeninO. He. will fomctimes find melons ripen too fail, but they (as all very early me- lons) are very leltiOIn good, as pro— ceeding rather from a fickly or vicious 2 roor, The Traffiml Kite/m2 Gardiner; root, than from the nature of the plant, or the bell fpecies of melons. : You may judge of the goodnefs of a melon by its ponderofity Or weight ,- and provided it ripens well whilfi the leaves and [talk are pert and green, it is a cer— tain indication of its goodnefs. And this is what all gOOd gardiners generally aim and make a bravado at; but on. the contrary, when the flalk is wither’d, the fruit is then infipid, let the colour of it be never f0 yellow and fine. After twenty four hours keeping, or the next day after it has been gather’d (for to long, contrary to vulgar opinion, it fliould be preferved in fome {weer dry place, and not eaten immediately, as [00“ as it comes from the garden) a per- fect ti'aiilceiideiit melon will be full, juicy, and without vacuity, which you will eafily difcern by rapping a little with your knuckles on the outfide of the fruit; the meat {hould be alfo dry, or but a little rorid meazing out of the pulp, (all which is done by keeping the melon dry and from watering) but by no means wateriih and flalhy. To this adi a Vermilion colour, a grateful fla- Vour, and a high and racy tafle. And thus 95‘ 96 The ‘Pmfliml Kin/9m Gardiner. thus much concerning melons, the me- thod of raifing, perfection, (9'0. SECT. II. CHAP. XIII. Of the cucumbers. HE cucumber is the next to be treated of, being the firl’t of the three kinds * Baa/Jim: has reduced to this head; tho’ indeed much inferior to the foregoing, both in beauty and good- nefs. . This kind of fruit was in {'0 much e- fieem in ‘Pliflj’s time, that he bei‘tow’d a whole chapter in his Natural Hz'flory, on this and fome other kinds he joins to it, and tells us, in the account he gives, of the great virtues of the feeds being I‘teep’d in wine, for thofe that are afiiiftcd with coughs, and for nephritic and dyfenterial dileafes in women. The encomiums that 7311)” has given, and the care that has been taken of them, caus’d many to believe that what the antients call’d cucumbers, was in reality our me- lons, as has been already noted. * Vid. 3mm": in Pinata. (1'6. lO. (415.4,. 11: antes. The The .‘Pmfiiml Kin/Jen Gardiner. §7 The cucumber {imply {o call’d, is from of (lac up- the * curvature or figureof it, of \Vhichfzffi‘xfi: there were heretofore but three kindScumbm. that were cultivated in the garden; that is, the (mum's [angior wiridis, long green cucumbers; the cucztmi: longior luteus, or loiig yellow cucumbers; cu- (Izmisfiufr’u minare. But later years has produced more varieties, viz. the little {hort early cucumbers, the prickly cu- cumbcr white and green, the long finoorli green, large fmooth white, and long {mooth yellow cucumbers; all of them of we either to eat raw or pickled, for gerkins or mango. The feed is a little ovular, pointed oft/2e no: at both ends, but {mallet at one cnd’mof "’9 . . . , cucumber, than the other, of a whitlfh colour (mum; of oppofirion to that of melons, which isfimingimo yellow) and is gathered out of the bel- lies of tholc cucumbers that are yellow, the largeft of which are the molt pro- per for that purpofe. They are planted and propagated after the fame manner that melons are, but require not {0 flrong an earth as melons do, and require ' Cucumis 82 cucumer (quafi) curvimer a curvitate ejus. 85:. Cum]. Hort. Botan. 0x071, p. 50. H more .98 The truth proper for rurumben. of water and water— bag. The-Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. more water : They are more hardy than melons, if planted late, and require much lef's care; it being in the power of any body to mife cucumbers, that can’t raife melons; but if early, they are more tender, and more difficult to raife, and more fubjeét to difappointments. The compolt I would advife, is one load of old melon earth, a quarter of a load of cow-dung well mouldred, half a load of burn-bak’d land, and half a load of loam, with halfaload of wood pile mold ; thefe mix'd well together, and laid in a heap, turn’d once a month all the Ihmmer, and then kept dry in a hovel or open houfe all the winter, will make an excellent compoft for en- cumbers in the fpring; which when rais’d early, requires as dry a foil as me- lons, or any of the choiceft fruits, whe- ther exotick or domeflick we have grow ing. The water ought to be clear, fweet, \VhOlClblnC water, and not that taken Out of horfeponds, or mingled with dungs, as was prelci-ibed in the cafe of melons; but lhould however be warm- ed in the fun, when the plants are young; and tho‘ it has been before faid, that cucumbers The Trafliral Kite/me Gardiner. cucumbers require more water than me- lons, as receiving indeed, on account of its natural tafle, lefs damage from watering than melons do, and alfo that water makes them more fruitful; yet if they have but a little water, they will be more pleafant and wholefome; and tho’ they are to be watered in dry wea- ther, yet in cold wet weather they {hould be defended againfl rain, by fome coverings; for how eafily foever they may (by being firew’d with falt, and beat between two plates) be clear’d of all the water and watery taf’te, yet as cucumbers are (by thofe curiofo’s who divide herbs into four degrees of heat, and four degrees of cold) el‘teemed cold in the fourth degree, the next degree whereof would be poifonous, one can’t be too careful of keeping them from over-much moiflure, nor indeed fhould be eat too early nor too late, tho’ the former is aim'd at by mofl gardiners, with an uncommon pride and defire; as the latter is by molt country people of hot and juvenile confiitutions, eaten too avaritioufly, to their great hurt, and fometimes utter dellruétion, unlefs well mix'd with pepper, vinegar, and other H 2 hot 99 100 The ’Pmfiical Kite/Jen Gardiner; hot ingredients. On which account I“ judge that cucumbers ought never to be eaten before May, nor after the latter end of yul}, or fome {mall time in flu- gq/i‘, except it be very lparingly. SE CT. II. CHAP. XIV. Of the methods of making the bot- éedr, ate. ‘ I ‘HE method of making hot-beds, and all the other culture and ma- nagement of cucumbers is, as has been- already hinted, the fame with melons; tho’ experience teaches, that when the plants are yet young and tender, and the leafoxi of the year is very early, they require rather more care and at- tendance than melons do; tho’ as they are planted very near to one anorher, they generally participate of the fame care and trouble. The method of making the feed-bed (as before in the cafe of melons) is to call the dung together on agheap to (wear for three or four days, mixing it with cole-afhes,’ or tanner’s bark, to make the bed heat with lefs rage, and e r to T/ae Tmfiz‘ml Kite/3m Gardiner. to preferve the heat the longer; and making the bed about three foot Wide, and four and a half or five foot long, according as the fize of the railing frame is; and in the winter time at leaf: three foot high, though in the fpring it need not be fo f’trong. You may fow the feed in a day or two after the bed is made, tho’ fome fow it immediately. There are that chufe rather to fow it on a hill in the middle of the frame, and covering that earth with hand-glaflbs made flat, than by earthing the bed all over, to trufi to the violence and un- certainty of the bed; which fometimes (fay they) burns up the plants, before you can fave them: 'And this indeed holds good as to the fecond bed and ridges, but it is a misfortune that rarely hap- pens in the feed-bed, the rage or heat of the bed being expiring, or expired, before the feeds are come up, at leafi before they are fit to plant out into the [econd or nutfery-bed. J H; SECT. lot 103. The ‘Praé‘t'iml Kite/Jen Gardiner. ; SECT. II. CHAP. XV. 0f the feed of cucumbers, its age, pro-- parties, &c. T muf’t be obferved (as to the feed) I that that of cucumbers will not lal‘t ft) long as melon feed will; cucumbers of the fecond, at molt of the third year, being the properei‘t for a crop of any. And fomc there are that efleem feed of the firfl year beyond any of them. It has been a quefiion in debate amongfi the curious, whether the fleep- ing of melon and cucumber feed in milk, liquid honey, or other fweet wa- ters, does really add to the goodnefs of their tafie, or no. And Scalzger, in his notes on Then. pbmflm, [15.2. mp. 18. aflirms it does. Cucumerum fervi‘e [4673 am malicrata pnemacemri, quo fant fruflus dulcz'ores. But our modems, amongfl which is Mr. Collins, denies it has any fuch ef-- feét. But every body agrees, that in cafe“ the owner and planter is behind-hand in his work, that it adds to the quick- ncls of its growth; for which realbn ‘ they The Trafiical Kite/9m Gardiner. 10?; they preteribe that feed fhould be fleep’d in milk, or warm water, for four, fix, eight, ten or twelve hours, more or leis, according as its age is: And I may add, that 111 cale it is a very good kind, and the feed is old, the intul‘ 11g it in fomc warm water, wherein is put a lit- tle faltpeter, and other fruitifying inth clients, it can’t but add fpirir and life to that which is otherwife in decay. The bed being made as before, earth 0f the it, and few the different kinds of fcedsjfi’fifl‘f 1eparately, in drills about an inch deep,bed,. as you did the melons, covering it over again with your finger, and putting flicks or numbers of every difiiné‘t kind you lbw, differently numbred and referr’d to in your pocket-book, and the place from whence you procured the {aid feed; chuiing for your firfi crop only the ihort green cucumbers, that knit at the firi’r joint; for on this choice depends all the fucccls that gardiners {0 much vaunt and brag about early bearing, being, as I have elfewhere hinted, nothing but an imperfeé‘tiOn in nature, and the pro- duce of a l‘tunted kind of fruit; but as cuflom has (0 far prevail’d upon us, and without this a gardiner, however H 4 fo 194 The Trafiiml Kin/3m Gardiner. fo ingenious otherwifc, mufi be fiigma— 5 tiz'd for one unknowing in his art ore bufincls, let us purfne our direétions aeo-Q eordingly, SECT. II. CHAP. XVI. Of tbe time of fawing the fi’C/l (Mum-r éers. T is well kn van that the early kind of r cucumbers will bear in about a monthl or fix weeks, or two months at moth-l in cafe the water he tolerable, and the, plants do not meet with any baulk in. their railing; you fliould therefore {our them as early as you can in jammy, and let your mold be dry, and your glafll‘s and frames (0 elofe that no wet nor air can get in, your plants at this time of the year, for want of run, be~. ing in very great danger of rotting with the wet, or being: pineh’t‘l \‘wllll the cold; and you mull he wry watchful, and, make ufe of every glanee ofthe run you, can get, to eherilli your plants, laying clean wheat-thaw on your glailes to hat- den them by degrees; and you may put a woollen clorh, as Mr. Brad/2:] direeis, under T/ae ‘Pmfiiml Kitcben Gardiner. IO 5 under the glafl‘es, by which means, hav- ing two or three of them, and keeping them dry one under anorher, you may take off that vapour and dew that ge— nerally aril‘es out of hot-beds, to the annoyance (and fometimes defirué’tion) of your plants, as it burns and fcalds the leaves in fine weather, or, which is worl‘e, rots them in wet and cold. There will be little occafion of wa—ofmm. tering your cucumber plants thus early 5173‘ in the year, the natural moiflure being fufficient to preferve them, however, when you firl‘t plant them out of the feed-bed into the fecond or nurfery-bed, you mufi do it carefully, with water warm’d in a Wild that is not greafy, and with a {pout of atea or coffee-pot; and in cafe your bed (which {hould have at leail fix inches of mold on it, and {hould under that have two inches or more of old rotten dung) fhould burn, wherever you fee it, thrufi the plants away with your hand on a heap, for if you do not, then thereby they will eali- 1y flick again, and the pouring cold wa- ter on that place will mitigate the raging heat, and in a day or two after you may thrult your plants with the fame con- ' rage 106 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. rage back again, having taken out the burnt mold and put in frelh, to the place where they were before the other morning, and as it were tranfplanting, being no hurt, but rather effential to their well-growing and bearing. And here it mull be noted, that after you have made this fecond or nurfery bed, which we have been fpcaking of, you mul’t line it well with clean wheat-firaw before you put the glafles on, in order to make the heat rife gradually, and in all places alike; for if you don’t, it will rife in patches, which is too often the occafion of the misfortune I have been cautioning againft, and fome part of the bed will be cold while other parts of it burn. And thus much mull be faid as to cu- cumbers in their railing or feed-bed, and in their tranfplanting to the fecond or nurfery-bed; the other care being only what 1 have already {ct down, and which Ican’t too often repeat, in watching for every glance of the fun, the keeping your glaiTes as dry as pofllble, from the drops and {team that arife from the bed, and above all, the having flicks fluck in» to the bed ready to be pulled out when you The ‘Prafiir’a’l Kite/9m Gardiner. you want to know its temper, the hav- ing dung ready to aflif’r, in cafe it heats too flow, or an iron bar in cafe it heats too fail, you have, I think, all the cau- tions and direé’tions that is neceffary, or can be ufeful. Ifhall only add one can- tion more, which I had forgot both in the directions concerning melons, as well as othersI am upon, that you make your feed-bed, and indeed all your other beds and ridges, upon the ground; he caufe there is a wetncfs, moifiure and dampnefs that is in all grounds, gravels themfelves not excepted, that will chill and cool your beds. I am fure beds can’t be fet too high, or too much out of the ground, but too little they may; tho’ there are many that don't {0 much mind this as they ought to do. In lhort, the keeping the bed from wet, and confequently from being raging or chill’d, and the knowing and confi- dering its temper, and having all ne- celiaries either to keep it in cafe of need, or to take awayfrom it in cafe it abounds, added to an indefatigablencfs, watchful— net's, care and diligence, is the very all that can recommend a gardiner to this employ in particular, and the fervice of his 107 108 The Trafiical Kite/7m Gardiner. his maf’ter in general; but where inflead thereof, drunkennefs, ignorance and care- lefsnefs take place, there little good can be expected; and on the other hand, the matter ought to be very ready to let his fetvant have all that is neceiTary towards that care, as very good clofe glafl‘es and frames, good large double. mats, the newef’t and belt dung that comes out of the (tables; a hundred load of new dung, which when rotted will wafie to about thirty, being fuflicient for any {mall me- lonry. But now to the ridge for em cumbets. SE C T. 11. C HAP. XVII. Of the ridgz'ng of cucumbers: S to the ridging of cucumbers, the fame rules are to be obferv’d, which has been let down concerning melons, but that they are to be earlier; for if you would obtain very early cu- cumbers (as in Alan/J, which is the time that the forwarder} gar-diners generally produce them) they ought to be ridg’d out by the mm or 15““ of Feémmgy, at leafl; and by the 10th of Marc/J, or fooner, you may expect fruit. And WhOCVCl‘ has The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner: 109 has a mind to try his luck on melons, in order to have them early in May, ought to be as early with them as with the cucumbers, in the manner I am now fpeaking. As concerning the direétions that Mr. Brad/e} has given in gardening, about oéfmmi- the laving of melon and cucumber feed ”"3 “fa” - , . direé'z‘mmaf in Noveméer, and for keeping of the m Brad: plants in conftant health and vigor tillley. the fpring; I mui’t own I have not had the experience of it, neither have I ever met with any that have; but it feems to me to be much more agreeable to reafon, and the experience I have had in this curious affair, that the plants both of melons and cucumbers {hould be more contaminated and fpoil’d by keeping on hot-beds all the winter, than when they are rais’d with difpatch and early dili- gcnce on the hot-bed only in the fpring, the keeping of them, as I have hereto- fore fet down, in a conl’tant growth and motion, being, by all the experiencel ever had, the molt eflaential point in this afiair; all thefe kind of plants, and cucumbers in particular, bearing fruit, and coming to their perfection in about eight or ten weeks after their fow— mg; [IO oft/xmnin n op of ru- rumlien , The Trafiiml K itclam Gardiner. ing 5 and that when they are once flunt~ ed, they will not recover any more, but grow yellow and rotten: And tho’ it might be fae‘t that Mr. Fowler might have very healthy good plants in the lat— ter end of Noveméer, that and the fore- going month being generally very mild, yet what would become of them, or how he could maintain them during the winter months of ‘December and 3mm- ary, till they could be brought to ridge, I mutt own I am at a lots to judge: But there is no contending againlt real fafi, if their it be; and the kindnefs of my very ingenious friend to me {hall always ob- lige me to fay nothing but what is a- greeable to fact and experience, having the greatei’c regard for his ufeful labours in the way of gardening. Certain it is, after all that has been laid on the bringing forwards and forcing man-”,WM melons and cucumbers, they have by rulgmg. no means a good tal’te, nor any ways capable of appearing in competition with others that follow after in other months; nor do they pay for the care and ex- pence we are at about them, and it is better to let it alone till the 10‘h or 12'“ of February, before you lbw them, and 2 till The Trafiital Kitchen Gardiner. till about the middle or latter end of [Wart/y, before you plant them out. then you may expeét good cucumbers in the latter end of April, or beginning of Ala]; and good melons by the begin- ning of 710%, when the weather begins to grow hor, and the more eager palates and eaters of garden—{tug naturally re- quire them; it being, in my opinion, much better to have a good cucumber or a good melon in M4] or yum", than to have ten bad ones a month or two fooner, and I am fure much more heal- thy, the others being very little better than poifon. But to conclude this trea- tife of melons and cucumbers, which I have endeavour’d to handle with all the diliinétion and clearnefs I can: cucum- bers do nor require the pruning, tho’ they bear more water than melons do ; nor lhould they be left naked or bare, efpecially when young, to the open fun, all fruits thriving bel’t under cover, till about a week or ten days before you fuppofe it fit to cut; nor fhould the vmcs be twilled to accelerate their ri- pening, nor other ways moved, without great care, fince, as Mr. Bradley obferves, the wilds which convey the iuices to the in «m; The Tmffical Kin/9m Gardiner. the fruit, being very tender, and fubjeét to bruife by the leafi bending from the natural plaCe of their grOWth; which is the reafon, as that ingenious gentleman obferves, why the fruit which firlt i‘ets feldOm comes to perfeétion, by reafon of handling of them; but in fome remote corner, where the plants are leaft re- garded, commonly the firit perfe€t fruit is found. And as to the twifting of melons, which many gar-diners do in or- der to get their fruit ripe, perhaps a week 0r ten days (boner than ordinary (as to the goodnefs of fruit it is by no means approveables) nor do I find by any obfervation I have ever made, that the leaving on of falfe bloflbms be for the advantage or difadvantage of the vines, and letting of the fruit, or whe- ther they are the male kind, fo 'necefl‘ary as it is fuppofed for the impregnation and forwarding the fruit in the others. SECT. The Tmfiz'ml Kitchen Gardiner; it I}: SECT. II. CHAP. XVIII. 0f the citrul calaéaflz, or citrul cucumf bars. HE calabafh, or citrul cucumber, 71,9 mm, is the nextI {hall treat of; it is W‘ km"!- call’d citrul, from Citrullm, or rather, Citro/eus, quad citrez' malz' quoad format» (5' colorant/it amula, fay the botanical etymologifls. Our herbals have left but one kind,‘ that I have feen, which is the citru/lu: five anguria vulgatior, the common ci- trul cucumber; but the 92¢th (from whom we receive many things of this kind, which they have from their colo‘ nics abroad) have [cut us over many more kinds, which differ in fize and fliape, fome being perfeéily round, 0- thers ovular or long; fome pear-fafhion’d, and others as it were fqueez’d flat at the head, under the general name of cala- bafh; of all which we have feveral kinds from our own plantations in the ”/efl Indies, which it would be needlefs for me to enlarge upon. I They “4‘ - of the MI. "0'9. TIM ‘ rac’t‘z’m/ Kite/am Gardiner; They are to be fown in hot-beds a: bout the middle of Alarcb, and at the beginning or middle of April take them\ up, with as much earth as you can a- bout their roots, and tranfplant them into Ionic old hot-bed or dung-heap, if under a wall or pale the better, that they may climb up thereon, which is exceeding advantageous to thefe kinds of fruit. Thefe plants require a good deal of room, for that they may be planted at leai’t fix or eight foot afu‘nder, for the more room they have to ~run, the bet- ter it is for them; and {hould have a. bout two foot wide, and one foot deep in the holes of good mold; and by the beginning of fzme they will be five or fix foot long If they are to lie flat, fome lhovcls full of mold fhould be laid on the vines, about three or four foot 01°17 the root, which will not only make them {trike again, but will keep them from being {hak’d to and fro, and brliilcti by the winds,- but if they are to grow up againfl pales, 01' a frame of wood, then you are only to throw more mold on the. roots, and nail the Vines up to the pale or wall. They are not fit to gather till they are perfeétly yel~ low, lee Trafiieal Kite/ken Gardiner: i f}: low, when their pulp is very WhOlfomCthbeir and good, efpeeially when baked withgmmf" . onions, (re. in them, which is belt to- wards the fpring of the year, tho’ they are good any time of the winter. 3 E c T. II. C HAP. XIX.‘ Of the pumpion, or pumpkins. ’ HE pumpion, or pumpkin, is al- of 1),»,- 3 [0 a larger kind of the citruls'mmeq i but as it is of various colours, does not keep ['0 clofe to that kind. It has al- ways bore the name of pepo, amongi’t the antients, from feveral Greek roots which imply its aptitude to grow large, and I‘mell well. Our Englijl: Herbal: take notice but of :1», of two kinds, which are the papa mexi- “m4"- mu: oblongm, or the great lOng pumpi- on, and the papa maximus rotundus, or the great round pumpion or pumpkin. Its culture is the fame with that 0qu culture; the citrul, to which, as is before faid, it is ally’d; they may be planted on any dunghill, and have no previous care in the honbed, and will alfo run up againfi a hedge or pale, to a very good purpofe 3 ' I 2. "# but ins The ‘Pmfiical Kitchen Gardiner) but if they are fufl'eted to lie along, lay {Ome fhovels of mold at feveral joints, in order to keep them on the ground, from being blown about by the wind. Any fort of fituation agrees with them well enough in the open air, but thofe that are well expos’d ripen the foonefl. This, as well as the hall, require a good deal of water, and the richelt foil you can give them. SECT. II. CHAP. XX. , 0f the gourd. HE eucurbit, or gourd, is the lal'l of the cucumber clafs ; unto which not only this, but all the other before-mentioned are reduc’d. Nor is it certain to which of the three the cala- bafh, that is now (0 much in ule, is placed; all thcfe lal’t are however re- duced into one by our * botanil’ts, tho’ ‘fT/in} divides them into two chapters. * Cucumis appellatio communis fub qua cucumis fim- pliciter dichls pepo, melo, cucurbims & citrullus, dc quo fuo loco. Cam]. Hort. Batu». 0x071, p. 50. 1' De anguino cueumere & de pepone, mp. 2. De cu— curbite fylveflri, Ste. P/i/L Nu. Hy}, up. 3. [‘36. 20. The The ‘Prac’i‘iml Kite/am Gardiner; The fruits of thefe are of very various kinds, even tho’ they fpring 'from the fame feed; nor does nature difplay it {elf in any plant more than in the varie- ty of the growth of its vines and ten- drils, as Ban/9mm and others, from ex- pcricncc teilify. The kinds that our herbalifis fpeak of, are the cucuréim anguina, or longer, being the long or fnake’s gourd ; cucurbita lagenaria mi- nor, or the fmall bottle gourd; cucurbita film/Iris fungi - form's, or the mulh- room gourd; cucuréita cb'pei—farmis, or fymnel gourd; and the cucurbita verm- cafe, or knotty gourd; with many 0- thers that Ineed not name, that are cultivated in thefe and other parts, with great variety and care. This plant, which grows the largefl: and quickef’t, and moi’t extenfive of any, is railbd of feed, as all the wit of this tribe are, but would, as being a flranger with us, require a hot-bed in the fpring, to bring it forward. The feeds of them all are good for the intefiines, as is alfo the pulp; and the feed is faid by the antients to be a fpecifick againi’t perio- dical or intermitting fevers. Which is all 1 (hall add as to cucumbers and their kinds. 1 3 SE c T. 117! fits Introdufli- on. \ f \ The Traffiml. Kite/Jen Edwin”. SECT. III. CHAP. XXI. Of beréacious and fibrous-rooted kite/Jen plant‘s. T‘ will not, I prefume, be to my pur— pofe to waf’te much time on the ety- mology from which this fe&i011 has its denomination; nor on the opinions of thofe who feem to criticife fo nicely on the word, and difiinguiih the 011‘: herbs (which are never eaten raw) from the acetaria, which are never boil’d; inferring from thence, that the original of the firft is o/us, from 0/14, a pot; or whether it be deduced from ‘omg, com- prehending the univerfal genus of the vegetable kingdom,- or that it has its derivation (16 01872510, or rather, 454187240, the one fignifying the nature of its grOWth, and the other its general ufes and proper~ ties, as having been the original and ge- nuine food of mankind from the crea~ tion; fince this would lead me too far- from the praf‘cice 1 here propofe to lay before my readers; for which rcafonl {hall leave it to the rumini jéfiorc’: and impertinently curious, and proceed to what The Traffiml Kilcbm Gardimr. what is of more general me, the dif’tine- tion of their fpecies and properties, me- thod ofraifing, governing, and the like; beginning firl‘t with thofe that meet with the greatef’t efleem at the tables of the mof’t curious. SECT. III. CHAP. XXII. 0f the taléyflawer, cabbage, borecole, 6065012, &c. Rafltm, the cabbage, a dilh (as it is faid) f0 entirely beloved by Tom- pcjy, and {0 highly celebrated by Cato and Tyt/mgaras, but more efpecially by ‘Diofcorides and vaflppus the phyficians, that the latter is reported by fPlz'n] to have privately wrote a volume in its praifes, and on account of the benefits it afforded to human bodies; the fame author telling us, and in the fame place, that the anti‘ent Greek: divided the Bra/3 flea into three dif’tinét fpecies; viz. the firfi, crifpa, with curl’d or {hort leaves, and but few (talks; the feconpd, led, the leaves growing on long fialks, for which It was call’d muleda, perhaps our cole- worts 5 and the other, crambe, with fmab I 4. In I19 ’ 356 The Traé‘fiml K itcbm Gardiner: ler leaves, but more indented than any “; of the former; which undoubtedly be- - longs to the borccole, broccoli, or fea- ,, .kele. Thofe that are skill’d in botany tell us, the Bmflr'ca has its appellation : from feveral words in the antient lan- guages, which fignify its efficacy, or vir- , tue againfi the difcai’es of the fiomach. And our Englifla Herbal: take notice of ’ fix kinds that were heretofore cultivated in gardens, and two that are wild, and growing on the fea—lhore; viz. the Braf- fiat fati'va vuégarir, or common cole- wort; the Braflim mpz'mm (11/24, or white loaf cabbage; Braflim capitam mém, or red cabbage; the Braflfm floridzz, or col- lyflower 5 and the Braflz‘m Sabaudi cri/lba, or the Saw}! cabbage; all of thcfe to be found defcribed by Gerrard, p. 312, to 315. and by Tar/ainfon, p. 503, to 505. To which they add, as before faid, the Braflca félz'mz'a’es flu lacim'az‘a, parfley colewort, the Braflfca marina Anglim, the {ea colewort, and Braflfm fjl'veflris, the wild colewort. But late experience has produc’d other kinds, which are, the common cabbage or colewort, the fu- gar-loaf cabbage, on account of its fhape, the The ‘I’rzzfi'iml~ Kitchen Gardiner.~ "1 2x the Batterfla and Rujfz'a cabbage, borh fmall and early, and the ‘Dutch, being the flattefl and the largeflc of all, and a very hard and flat cabbage it is, fit on- ly for the lafi table in large families. To thefe may be added, the Braflz'm fla- rida, or collyflower beforementioned, the Servo}, the borecole, being both great, and red, and curl’d on the edges, and, above all, the broccoli from Naples or Venice, from whence ”we have the feed tranfported to us every year; per- haps the Halmerz'da of Tim], fo much magnified, and now in the greatei’r e- fieem and repute of any of the fea-kele, or crambe kind. Some phyficians decry the cabbage Ikepraperi: and colewort, as affording but crafs and “"' melancholy juice; loofning if but mo- derately boil’d, if over-much aflringent, according to Cal/its; and therefore fel- dom eat raw, but by the Quick, who drink large quantities of geneva and o- ther hot liquors, to palliate its cold qua- lity. The belt feed (fays our oft-men- tion'd author) comes from Temmzrk, Ruflia, or from flleppo; but now we have feed enough raifed annually of our own, except the broccoli, which is belt [0 122 The Traflz’cal K itcben Gardiner; to be procured every year from Italy; and the oftner any other kinds are chang- ed, the better. le'n} (in his Natural Hiflory, [19.201 cap. 9. as aforefaid) gives . us a long chapter on the virtues of this plant, and in general, that they are faid to allay fumes, and prevent intoxication, and our learned and laborious Naturalif’t com- mends the juice raw, with a little ho- ney. How much in eficcm they were amonglt the antients, who call’d them divine, and ufed to (wear per émflmm, I leave to thofe that are curious in an- tient phylology. oftbefied. The feed of all thefe Braflica’s {hould be faved from the largelt and belt of their kinds; and not from thofe that cafually run to feed before their time. The hollowcr the cabbages are you fet for feed, or Chule to eat, the better; and thefe {hould be fet into the ground at about three or four foot afundcr, a- bout Mic/me/mar, and being cover’d o- ver, to preferve the heads from the frof’t, you may the next year expect to haVe very good feed. The borccole comes oft from Holland, where they eat it raw, with vinegar and oil, and there you may ' ” have The .‘Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner. 1 a; have very good feed. The broccoli from Ital} will do, the feed being rais’d in England, for once or twice, but af- terwards it dwindles, as does the Ruflia and Saw)! cabbage. Collyflower is faved well in England, from the flowers of the fame year you plant them. Mol’c of thefe kinds require a culture of their and management difiinét‘ from one and-$232?“ ther. I {hall begin with the collyflower, memfg " as being the firf’t that comes in during the fummer-feafon, and on that account the molt preferable of any; tho’ the Ruflia and Batterfia cabbages, in my humble opinion, claim the precedence, as to their intrinfick value and goodnefs. The collyflower requires to be {own in oftbecalgyg five or fix different feafons; thol‘e thatfimr» are defign’d to be early in the fpring, and for that reafon kept under glafl'es all the winter with great care, fhould be fow’d at two or three dilferent times, viz. about midfummer, about the mid— dle of 72d}, and the middle of Augufl. If the autumnal and Winter months till Cbriflma: prove mild, we may ex- peét fome of them to flower before or about that time, efpecially if jult as they are flowering they be put into the 3 ' green: 5123? The T’mé‘t‘z‘ml Kitchen Gardiner} green-houfe, as is taught for thofe faved i in May; but if the weather fhould be * fevere in thofe months, then will they be flout, and Rand the teft of it better than thofe that are fow’d later 5 but {up— pofing they lhould not anfwer, the lofs of the feed and labour is but little in comparifon to what may be reafonably expeéted from them, in cafe they do Well. The fitand The next fowing of collyflowers, is [Sawing of roll; mm. The third fowing. about the middle of fill], or beginning of flugzgfl, and this is indeed (el’pecially in the country, where things don’t come fo quick as they do in the warmer foils about London) the bell fcafon for fowl- ing not only the collyflower, but alfo all the Braflim or cabbage kinds, be- caufe they will get fuflicient flrength before the winter comes, to {land its feverity; however, if it be very mild in the three or four firll months, thefe will be apt to flower, tho’ to very little purpofe. The third and lall fowing, before winter, is about the middle or latter end of flugufl; for thefe plants f0 fow’d will (if the foil be good, and the following months very open and kind) be the belt ' plants The ‘Praéfiml Kite/Jen Gardiner: r 2 ; plants in the fpring, efpecially about London, Where the foil is rich and warm; but let the feafon be how it will, one of the three fowings I have been men- tioning will undoubtedly fland, and take place. And thefe and the former are to be planted out on bell-ridges, four or five under a bell, to come in early in the fpring. All thefe fowings are to be on an old afihmm: hot-bed, where being fown, the feed ”of“? will foon lhew it felf, and may be prick’dmg' out, all but the lafi, into an open bor- der of good ground, to take the chance of the winter. But it were better for the MP: {owing of all, that a little dung be thrown to- gether, both in {owing and tranfplant— ing, for the feafon of the year being at that time far fpcnt, the feed will not grow to well, 'nor when tranfplanted will the plants take root [0 well with- out it. The other times of {owing colly-m fimnb flower feeds, are early in fome of theflwmg "f , firft or fecond beds you make for your “11% mm melons or cucumbers, about the begin» ning of February, and fo let them after— wards be tranfplanted into thofe old deSs 126 We fifth joining of toll} mm. The flu]; fuming. 77.16 73mm] Kitchen Gardiner. beds, from whence you move thofe“ plants, for a much lefl'er degree of heat“ will ferVe them than will ferve the 0'- thers; and it mui’t be noted, that thofe‘ young plants are more efieem’d by the j curious, than thofe that were kept all the winter, as making better flowers, and being leis fubjeét to run to feed. The fifth {owing of collyflower is about the beginning or middle of March, tho’ this is of the leal‘t account of any yet mentioned, becaufe they are only intended for the 1311 fpring crop, to come in in $047 and Augufl; which is generally better fupply’d by Ruflizz, Bat- ter/214, and other cabbages; but as cooks, in the drefling and garniture of their dilhes, defire to have as many different kinds of boil’d fallet as they can, for variety fake, this fifth lowing {hould not be omitted. The fixth and lai‘t {owing is of thofe that, according to the Franc/'9 me- thod lhould come in towards Clariflmm‘, by taking them jull as they begin to flower, and placing them in the green~ houfe, to finiih the growth of the flow- ers, and to have them in a readinefs for the table all the Winter months. Alnd . tns The '"Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner; this concludes all that can be {aid as to the lowing of the ufeful Braflt'mflorida, or collyflower, fuperior to all the other kinds, inafmuch as it may be had in fome degree of perfeé’tion almofl every month in the year. Some of the flrlt {own of thefe col; lyflowers lhould, as is before fet down, be planted out in Septeméer, or the be- ginning of 0670b”; tho about London, where the ground is warm, they let it alone till the beginning of Naveméer, into bell ridges, four or five under a glals, and on a bed of dung moderately heat- ed, where they ltand all the winter, be- ing in all dangerous weather cover’d with mats, to keep the plants from be- ing frozen and fpoil’d; where letting them remain till towards the latter end of February, or beginning of [Wart/a, the dung whereon they were planted will be rotted, fo as that you may ex— cavate it all round the bellvglafs, and new dung may be trod in, as is ufual in all decay’d beds. And then it is that new heat and life being imparted to the roots, and the fun getting firength like-wife, the flowers under the bells will grow apace, and come in early and in good time. All '1 27‘ ~55 .128 The Trafiz'ml Kite/9m Gardiner; ‘All the other kinds, which are plant~ ed out in nurfery beds, and under glafs frames, to preferve them from the in- clemency of our climate, are likewife planted out in the latter end_of Febru- ary, and beginning of Marc/7; fome un- der warm walls and reed—hedges, fome under box, and fome under bells, as you can; whilfi thofe rais’d and pre- ferv’d in other open feafons of the year, are planted in your artichoke and afpa- ragus alleys, and other open places, as will be more particularly direfited in its proper place; but the putting of pigeon and other dungs at the top of the ground will alto contribute much to their growth, how much to their goodnefs I leave to the judgment of thofe that plant them. 8 E C T. III. C H A P. XXIII. Of the Ruflia, Batterfea, and other ('45- bag“. Hefe following kinds of cabbages, which are the earliel‘r of any of the pomc or loaf kind, are fow’d at two different feafons, viz. the latter end of 3:11;! or beginning of Augufl, ‘ for The Y’mfiiml Kite/9m Gardinen I 29 for winter plants, to plant out very ear- ly in the fpring; and about the begin- ning of 74722140, under bell glafi'es, in order to have them cabbage after the Others are gone off 5 or in other words, to have them come in jufi as the fpring plants begin to harden, and fall off from their goodnefs; the‘el'fential quality of thcfe, and wherein their goodnefs chief- 1y confil’ts, being their tendernefs at firfi coming; for afterwards they harden, and are fit only for the fecond and third tables. The belt of the Ruflz‘a kind of feed,ofuzefml is that which is imported directly to us, a from fDenmark or Haméurgla; at lealt it is from thence we have it frelhcl‘t, and molt conveniently, and if it be pro cured every year, itis lifll the better; for that which is rais’d in England is apt to degenerate and lofe its prifline virtue. The other kind has been rais’d fome years with good {uccels at Batter- fea, the Tie-vizier, and Other places; and is with cafe procur’d from feed mens fhops, though not with [0 great: certainty as when you railc it your fell-“5 or get it from fome gardiner that does with it, and on whom you may de— pend. K The 130 Of the $4- 1?]. The Traffiml Kite/.2372 Gardiner. The next of the Bra/72m kinds that come in are the filgar- loaf and sztth2 and a1e as good as any of the othe1, tor the 111 e of the kitchen, in large fa- milies; and are fown at the fame time that the other kinds me, and treated 1n 1he fame manner. And thus have I 'iven an account of the time of fow- ing the chiet of the Bra/feds, elpecially thole that pome or cabbage. Inow proceed to thofe other kinds that do not, at leal‘t not to the fame degiee of hard- nets with the othe1. S E C T. III. C H A P. XXIV. Of the Savoy wmter calamari, &c. HE Saw}! follows next, as being the molt uleful, and lafiing the longefi or any of the Brafl‘m kinds, during the winte1 feaions. Mr Brad- lay dilCa'S the lowinv them in Ill/17117, and planting them out in /71’1' tor the: wintei ule but the p1aclice of faidiners , is nOt to low them till bout the mid- dle 0t 111(2), tor b) to doing: they Willi be ea1l1 enounh, being planted out into a nurlerv bed in jmze, and into holes in more The Tmfiz'ml Kite/yen Gardiner. 1'31 3 more open ground in the latter end of 321/), or the beginning Of Aug‘ufl; for 2 as they are feldom eat till towards ! Cbriflmas, when the frofl has nip’d them, r they grow all the months of flugzg/Z and . September, and in fine weather great 7 part of Offeber, and are, towards the beginning of ‘fDeeember, and not (boner, a molt excellent dilh; ‘ The other kinds of cabbages, that are 0f winter chiefly defign’d for the latter part of theZZi‘fif winter, or beginning of the fpring, fel- dom pome or cabbage to any great de~ gree, and are therefore with us generally call’d coleworts, molt of which we have in the \Vefiern parts of England in great abundance; kele, as Mr. Evelyn terms it, not being (0 well known or rais’d any where as in Hempflaire, and other \Veflern counties, where bacon is the bell, and made in greatef’t quantities, they are of great ufe in the kitchen. That which is rais’d for the winter and fpring fervice, and comes in j'uft as loaf cabbages decay, is fow’d foon af1 ter midfummer, in any open groundj but is often apt to be eat up in the feed- leat‘ (as other cabbage feeds are) with the lack fly; for which reafon, as foon as K 2 the I32. The ‘Praéfiml Kitchen Gardiner. the feed is {own and rak’d in, you fliould {ow fome flack’d lime, the vir-' tue of which will lal’t till fome rain fuc- ceeds, after which the feed will foon fprout, and be out of danger. They are tranfplanted out of the feed— bed into the nurfcrybed, in about fif- teen or twenty days after they are fow’d; tho’ fometimes, if they are fow’d thin, they are never put into a nuri‘ery-bed at all, but planted out into beds of about five or fix foot wide, at about eight or ten inches, or a foot alhnder, at molt, in ground that is very rich, and well dunged. I have had excellent good in the rubbilh of an old cattle, which has - afterwards been turn’d into a garden, and will hand the feverity of the win— ter, and be an excellent dilh boil’d; but towards the flaring they are apt to grow tough and bitter; at which time (elpe- cially if the weather be hot and dry) they {hould be gather'd early in the morning, while the dew is yet upon them, which makes them boil green and crifp; but if the inn {hould get up and withet them a little, you are to throw them into water, and cult therein two or three handfuls of fair, which revives them The Tmfliml Kitchen Gardiner; them again. This difh I treat of the more, inalinuch as I claim it for my own country difh, which is rais’d no where, that I have feen, to well as it is with us; but with a good piece of ba- con deferves all the encomiums that is any where bel’tow’d upon the Brafliék kinds. This fort of colewort is alfo rais’d of plants fow'd at the fame time you do thofe for cabbaging; or in other words, you may plant your cabbages as thick again as they ought to be, and draw up every other one while they are green; but thefe are to be recommended for the {econd and third tables, much rather than for the firft; they being at that time of the year much more apt .to be bitter and tough, than in the winter; and are indeed better lhpply’d by the white-beet and fpinnage, which in my opinion are a much better fallet boil'd, and lefs {ub- jeé’t to windy and cholicky gtiping qua- lities, than coleworts ate. ' I need fay little of the fprouts that come from old cabbage-fialks, they be- ing well known to produce very tender and very excellent kele in fpring, be— yond any that are fow’d. K 3 S E C T. 133 1:4 The Trafiibal Kitchen Gardiher; S E CT. 111. C HAP. XXV. Of the éorecole, 'éroctoli’3, &c. His lai‘t kind of cabbage I ihall treat of, is the borecole and brocjcoli, - before-mention’d; the tint of which feed we raife very, eafily in England, or pro- . cure from Holland; and the other, that a has been, till within thefe few years,. a ~flranger in England, we have the feed every year from [hire or Naples; and in confidcration of its grofl‘nefs and crifpy quality, is cail’d the Italian ai‘pa- ragus. The borecole is a hardy coarfe plant, a and has been cultivated long with us; the feed is {own in Alma/9, flfri/ or - V1314], and is ufed all the year as a gar- .niture to diihes wheregreens of the fame kind are; the Franc/9 and Watch cooks boil it fometimes as they do 0- \ thei- coleworts, and often eat it raw with _oil and vinegar, and makemuch ado ,about itias an extraordinary diih; but our Eng/.3471 eooks have not that efieem for it as the others have. Y a~ As T/ye ‘Pmc‘i‘iml Kite/yen Gardiner. As for the broccoli, there are three kinds of it, one of which yields fprouts button’d at their points, or headed like finall collyflowers; another fort with 'curl’d leaves, which produce fprouts button’d on the points like afparagus; and a third with curl‘d leaves of a pale green colour, which yield fprouts like the red kind; the two lafi are to be had at feveral places about London; but the firll is very rare to be had, but from fome few gentlemen that have them yearly from Italy; but now they are to be had of feveral feedfmen about London, par- ticularly from that eminent, laborious, and molt knowing feedlman and gardi- ner, Mr. Carpenter of Brampton-Turk, from whom feveral gentlemen have, this Jail and fome other years, procured them. The feeds may be {own for five or fix of the fummer months running, that they may come in one after another; and they require much the fame culture as collyflowers do; for which reafon I refer my reader to the directions Ihave laid down as to collyflowers, for the pro- per culture of thefe plants. K 4 Certain 135 0f feet]: ; their time 2f Ming- '136 Of MM»- gm, col/y- flonwr1J018- worn, 8m. their gene- ral culture. The ‘Pmflz’ml Kite/9m Gardiner; Certain it is, that cabbage, colly- flower and coleworts require as rich foil, and as good culture, as any plant that the kitchen garden produces, ex- haulling a great quantity of juice and firength from the foil. Some there are (and I can’t but re- commend it as very proper, efpecially for fuch collyflowets and cabbages as ~vou would have grow large) that lay a hatful or two of pigeons or other dung to the roors, having made a dilh or pan about them to hold that and the water that is on this oecafion to be pour’d up on them; and as loon as ever there is any appearance ot‘ the button or flower of the collyflower, let them have a pitcher full of water at lealt, every day; and if the ground under be not very rich and well dung’d, let there be a quarter of a wheel-barrow full of rot- ten dung to every plant; becaufe there is no plant that agrees to well with dung as they do, nor on which thofe rich eompolls have a let‘s pernicious ef- t‘ee‘t, as not being at all vitiated with its lll'Cllgtll, nor participating any of its of- i‘enlive mite. The putting on new-mow'd gratis3 or long dung, is alto proper. 3 In The ‘Prafiiml Kitchen Gardiner".~ In like manner, where it can be pro- cured, the putting of [ea-fand, oyi‘tet and other {ea—{hells beat and fiamp’d to powder, the refufe of {ea-weeds, or a- ny other marine herbs or roots, abound- ing, as they are, with faline and nitrous particles, what proof is there that may not be expcéted from the broccoli, bore- cole, and others of the fea-kele kind, when thus planted, and when well wa- tered with water where faltpeter and o- ther nitrous things have been infufed? Nor need I but juf’t remind my reader of the breaking the largei‘t leaves to co- \‘er the flower, and preferve it from the rains and wet weather, which is apt to {poll them; nor as to the preferving them in the winter, by caufing a cover of reed, made in the nature of a bee- hive, or (which indeed is fomething more charge) a beehive it felt, which will pre- ferve both collyflowers and cabbage much the longer. The taking them up jufi as they be! gin to button, and planting them, earth and all, in a bed in an old warm green- houfe, where the fun may come to them to make them grow, is a French, but yet a very good method: And the fame may 1.3m, :13 8 The Tmé‘r’z'ml Kitchen Gardiner. may be done by eabbages, jufi as they ‘1 are poming or ~ eabbaging. The hanging lcollyflowers with their a heads downwards, in a cellar or green- houfe, is likewife a method prae‘tis'd by feveral ingenious gentlemen. S E C T. III. C H A P. XXVI. / / Of the beef. L HE beet herb, very eaI'y to be , rais’d, well deferves the care and cultivation of the laborious gardiner, be- ing, in my opinion, one of the ufet‘ul- lelt and belt fallets boil’d that we have in the fpring, as not partaking of that toughnefs or bitternefs that cabbage, cole- wort, and other boil’d l‘allets at that time of the year do. Thofe that are skill'd in botanical ety- mology, tell us, that the beet has its name from the Greek letter {3 in the al— phabet, or rather from fomc words out of that language, which figniiies its ufe and promptitude to be propagated ; T1237] (in his XIX‘" [zoo/c, cap. 8.) takes notice The Tmfiz'c‘al Kitchm Gardiner; ,notiee of ’t‘wo kinds dil’tinguifh'able by the difference of their colours, the red and-'white. And our'he'rbarifts, Gerard and ?arkmfbn, produce' th'r‘ee‘kinds that grow in the garden, and One on the fea- lhores, which Mr. Evelyn, in his Ace- '.tar’z‘a, fays is the heft of ' all the kinds. All which are to be found defcribed, by Geia'rd, p. 318, 319. and by Tarkin- fon, p. 489. and the {ea-beet, p.550. under the titles of 6.0744154, of ' which there is‘ a large and linall kind; and beta rubm vulgare, ‘or common red beet. To which is added, and now continues, the ‘ééta mm Ram/ma, or red Roman beet 5 and Baa/Jim“, in Tin. p. 118. and after him Tarkinfon, j). 550. the field marina, or beta f]! maritima, fo much commended by Mr. Evelyn, as beforemention’d. And there is of the whitifh kind, that have a large rib to the leaf, which when boil’d is yellOw, and cars like marrow, and for that reafon by lbme moderns call’d beta'cazg’fla aurea; by the French, who hold it in great cficem, call’d the chard, The I39 140 T]?! Trafiz’ml Kite/am Gardiner. It: praper— The roots of the red beet cut into m“ thin flices and boil’d, as Mr. Evelynhas it, are, when cold, a grateful winter- fallet; it is of quality cold and moif’t,. and naturally fomewhat laxative; and, however Martial *, who knew its virtues, calls it a difh for fools, and the food l of flaves; it was, as Tim] tells us, lib. 19. cap. 8. eficem’d by the antients the molt innocent of all boil’d fallets; and was ufcd, as the aforefaid Epigtammifl tells us, to be eaten with wine and pep- per. There were fome, the leaves of which, as our oft-quoted naturalilt de- feribes, were two foot broad, accounted of excellent ufe amongfl the antients, and eaten by them on a religious ac- count, as difpofing of them to be more pious and devout. ofthekimls It is, of all others, the eafiell plant to Offowmg- feed and fpring up amongl’t us, though heretofore brought from a very difiant region; they need not be (own on hot- beds, as fome others have intimated, but will do very well in the open ground, 3‘ Ut llapiunt farmi, fabrorum prandrea betze O quam llt‘pe petet Vim, piperquc eoeus. Illmu‘ial, Epigram. {own The ‘Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner: Cown in Marc/9, as the other common :rops of carrots, parfnips, (ye. are; but .f they come "up thick they muPt be thinn’d, or elfe they won’t fpread and grow well. Thofe that are ufually chofe for chards arc of the white kind, but the yelloweft ribs you can pitch upon. Thofe you are to tranfplant out {ingly at about a foot afunder, and watering them well all the fummer, in the be‘ ginning of winter you are to cover them with long dung, as you'do artichokes; and in zip/til you may uncover and drefs the earth about them: Mr. Te [4 Quint, time fays, when they are tranfplanted a full foot one from another they pro— duce great tops, in the middle of which rife a large, white, and thick downy cotton-like main {hoot ,- and that downy cotton-like {hoot is the true chard ufed in portages and intermefi'e's amongft the French: He tells us alfo, they are well placed when two ranks of them are fer between two ranks of artichokes, where by due attendance in covering, unco- vering, (70. they produce thofe fine chards that are ufed in Rogation feafon, and in the months of M4] and 714726; all which I mention the more particuk larly, I4I' .142: The Txafiiml Kitchen Gardhzer. larly, in that I find both our Engliflj cooks and gardiners too, negleé’t and fet little value upon them. It is better known and ptaé‘tifed a- mongfi them, that the root of the red, beet flic'ed crofways makes a handlome otnament in raw fallets, and are ufed much by French and Ira/M72 cooks and gardiners; the natives of which coun- tries, as well as the Cthjch, eat them as they- do molt other roots, raw, with oil, Vinegar and pepper; however difagree- able they are to Eflg/ifla palates. But of this more when we come to treat of ' eleulents. S E C T. 111. C H A P. XXVII. 0f Spinach, or Spinage. Pinage is another excellent boil’d 1111-; let, that has for fome time furnifh’d the tables of the curious. It is {o call'd, fay the * botanifls, from the hardnels and prieklinels of its feeds. Our Hedi/ll: mention two kinds, w'z. ' Spinachin fi: dieh 0h femhu dum 3; {pinch}. Cat. Hort. Beam. O.\'.’.’ 1“. 1:3. fpimzchia The Trac‘i‘iml Kite/Jen Gardiner.‘ :fiinacbz‘a «wig. or corumet fpinach, and {Dinar/2M rotunda, or fpinach with round feeds. Nor do our feed-catalogues pro- .duce any new kinds but the round and gprickley, which are the fame that the Herbal: have left both the icons and de~ fcription of. Upon a careful infpeé’tion into fome books of antiquity, I can’t find that this ufeful fallet was known to the antients, at leait by the name we have it; for, as Mr. Ewgm tells us, it was not of old ufed in fallets, and the oftner kept out the better (fpeaking of the kind;) but being boil’d to a pulp, and without any Other water than its own moif‘ture, is a mof’t excellent condiment, with butter, vinegar and lemon, for almolt all forts of boil’d fleih, and may accompany a fick man’s diet. ’Tis laxative, and er mollient, and therefore profitable, fays our oft-quoted author of the age, and (did by original a Spaniard) may be had almoft at all feafOns, and in all places. Spinage is one of thofe kitchen plants that requires the belt ground, or at leaf: that which is moPt amended bydung. It is multiplied only by feed, which, (as has been before obicrv'd: is either \CQ’ f4; A244 The Trafliml Kitchen Gardiner. very fmooth and round, or very much fet at the edge with prickles, both of them equally good. They are lbw’d ei- ther in the open ground, and {o raked in as you do carrots, (fax. or in drills made with the hoe. The firi‘t is the bell way, if you cut it when it is old; but the lail, if you want it to cut very young. Mr. La Quintinye tells us it is to be fow’d feveral times in the year, beginning a- bout the middle of Augufl, and finilhing a month after 5 the firfit will be fit to cut about the middle of Oflober, the lecond in Lmt, and the lalt in Rogatz'on-week; but the praélice. of our Englifb gardi— nets is to fow anOther crop as early in the fpring as your foil and fituation will permit ,- viz. the beginning of [Wart/J at leafi, under a warm wall, and in the richcfl foil you can poflibly fow it,- for all the fpinach that is fown in the au— tumn is apt to run to feed with us in the beginning or latter end of April, at which time the crops lal‘t town comes in to a good purpofe, it being a time of year when all other herbs and greens are fcaree and not {0 well tailed as at other times they are. It is well like- wife, for the fame reafon, to fow {pt nagc Tim YJrafiiml Kitchen Gardiner": hage at three or four feveral times more in flpril and A14} 3 even once in ten or fifteen days, it being ‘very apt to run to feed. Moll authors that have wrote of it fay, it is a plant that never ought to be tranfplauted; but whoever has time and room enough for {0 much care will find it make them ample amends in the largenefs of its grOWth, and efpe‘ cially for feed it is to be preferr’d be— fore any orher way of faving it 3 to that end, it {hould be tranfplanted ear- ly in autumn into rows at about fix or eight inches afunder, and well watered, if the weather {hould be dry, and then it will feed early, and bear very fine; not but that it will do tolerably well without tranfplanting, efpecially if it be howed and kept clear of weeds, and well watered. V S E C T. 111. C H A P. XXVIII,‘ } 1 Of the garden mallows. O the cooling and emollient herbé before-going, I add the garden mallow, equal to thefe for good« nefs, efpecially the kind which TIM] L ' and F46 The Y’mfr’iml Kite/gen Gardiner. and many of the antients held in great ef’teem, tho’ they are now in a great meafure dil‘ufed, as not being {0 palate- able as the other kinds are. _ Thofe‘ that are skill’d in botany af- firm, the mallow malva has its appella- tion from its emollient Virtue in loofning the ventricle, and the like. Our Herbals have given us the figures and definitions of feveral kinds, or rather fpeeies, couch- ing alfo the hollyhoek or garden mal- lows under that denomination; but the kinds more properly belonging to this clafs, are the malwz firl'v. wdgarz’: flare purpureo; common mallows with purple flowers; and the maI-va 'vztégm'is flare 4150, white mallows. The curl’d fort, Mr. Eveljln fays, is the belt, being very friendly and emol- lient to the ventricle, and {0 rather me- dicinal, yet may the tops, well boil’d, be admitted; and the ref’t (tho’ out of ufe at prefent) w: s taken by the poets for all 1allers in geneial. ‘Pn/Jagoms' held them the male 4” fo/ium fanflgflzmum, (as the learned author betoremention’d has it 5) and we find (lays he) Epimmider, in Tlato, at his mallows and alphodels 3 and indeed it was of old the tint diih at T792 Trailim! Kite/7m Gardiner. 147’ :at the table; and the Romans accounted l it (as they very well might in thofe hot- rter countries) amongfi the molt delicate :of the garden produce. Mallows, or marlh mallows (fays Mr. of m 1"!” {Te [(2 (Quintinje) are propagated by feed Myriam "only, and are like one another in fhape, but yet different as well in colour as in bigncls; for the feed of the mal- lows is much bigger than that of the math mallows; and the latter is of a deeper brown than that of the plain mallows; they are both dented, and are firip’d all over. This plant, tho’ it be little ufed in Time cf boiling with us here in England, is yetfi’mg‘ of great moment in many other medi- cinal cafes, and {hould not, for that rea- fon, be left out of the garden. The feeds are {own in Marc/.7 or flpril, and the green is {o hardy that it will grow any where, and refill the extremity of the feveref’t winters, being in truth on- ly a field-plant, which yet ought to be allow’d a place in the potagery or kitchen garden; tho’ decency will not allow us to point out their particular ules in this treatile. To finilh this part of my task. L 2. There '148 Ike Trnfiical Kite/yen Gardiner; There were many other kinds of plants that were antiently admitted into the potagery and boiler, before fpinage, and other greens brought from Spain, and unknown to this and fonte other parts of the world, were in ufe; to wit, the young tender leaves of the [apntbnm acn- tnm man: «’9' minimum, as they are fi- gur’d and defcrib’d by Gerard, p. 388. and by ankinfan, p. r 224. (as the com« mon mercury, from its leaves and med thod of feeding fomewhat ally’d to fpi- nage) is now eaten by country people, as alfo hop-tops, nettles, (3%. The by’z’mnrbz'a fl/z'qnofn glném minor, the finall, fmooth, codded willow herb, when frefh and tender, may be ufed a— mongft the boil’d or raw fallets; the paler white poppey is eaten by the Ge- nocfl’; by the Spaniard the tops of worm- wood, with oil alone, and without {0 much as bread; as alto coriander and rue, which Galen, that prince of herba- riiis, was accufiom’d to eat raw and by it felf, without oil and falt; not to men- tion the very thifiles, plants and herbs that grew heretofore in the hedges. But of this enough. SECT, Toe Y’r'afiz'cal Kitchen Gardiner. S E C T. III. C H A P. XXIX. Of garden forrel. l Ottel, in kitchen garden terms (lays ‘ Mr. ‘Do la Qtintinjo) is placed un- der the title of vetdures, or green pot- herbs, and accordingly is much ufed in the pot. It is mild * acetofa, or oxalz's', from the {hatpnefs or fowernefs of its juice, as bomnifls tell us. Oui- herbarifis {peak of five or fix forts, viz. acotofa Germanica, or oflava, the large German forrcl, the bell of all for boiling; acetofiz five oxali: Franca fin Romana, (Gerard, p. 307. Tarkinjon, p. 74.2.) the French forrel, very much efieem’d ; Arotofa tunégarz's', common fort-e1 5 acotofa tonnz' folio, or the aceto- fa min. lanoeolata praa'z'o. fheeps fortel; to which they add the acetofa minima five oxali: minor, the {mall leav’d fortcl, the belt of all to cut into fallets, on account of the fincnefs of its leaves; 1" Aee’ol‘a 65am, ab aeido fapore dié‘t. Cara]. Hort; 3.1771. {:2 3, L 32 We 149 150 77.79 Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. there are divers kinds, viz. the Franc/.2 acetate/la, with a round leaf, growing plentifully in the IVortla of Efig/mm'; the Roman cam/is, the broad German be- ' fore~mentioned5 but the beft of all is the Gram/am], and fo the practice of ' gardiners, and the catalogues of our belt feedfmen confirm. There is another kind of forrel call’d acetofum trifolz‘zzm, being the alleluizz, or trifoliated wood- forrel, which is of the nature of other forrels, being cold, abfierfive, acid, and iharpens the appetite, afl‘wages heat, cools the liver, {trengthens the heart, is an anti-thorbutick, refilling putrefac’iion, and imparting fo grateful a quicknels amidf’t all other herbs, as fupplies the want of orange, lemon, and other of the omphacia, and therefore never to be excluded out of boil’d or raw fallets. This and fpinagc being boil’d, and cut with poach’d eggs, is, in my humble opinion, one of the bell flipper—dilhes in the world. In Frazrce we are told it is ufed in buillons or thin broth, as their cooks do here alto. . . All theft: kinds bear feed, which may be fow’d in any of the months of Marc/5, flpril, Ma], yum», jllb’ and Augufl, ‘ . and The Tmfr’iml Kitchen Gardiner. and (as Mr. ‘De la Quintinje obferves) in the begin iin" of September too,- pro- vided they be alloW’d luflicient time to grow big enough to refiit the rigor of the winter. Sorrel may be fowed either open ground, or in drills, as fpinage was , but being a plant that lives many years without any renovation, and form- ing many heads or tufts, it is eafily part- eda or flipt, and the manner of doing which in the fpring being well known, I need not enlarge upon it. The chief culture of this herb is the keeping them clean weeded, and watering it in fome of the patching dry feafons, othetwife it will eat wither’d and tough; and you lhould alfo cut off the old leaves twice or thrice a year, and put frelh mold and dung mixt together over the old Items or tufts; by which means the herb becomes as it were new, and the young tender leaves make a fuflici— cnt amends for the cxpence; and by cutting fome part of it at one time, and fome at another (for it lhould not be cut all at one time) you will always have fome that 15 young and tender; except it be taved for feed, for which there is little occafion, fince it is fo well railed L 4 by 1’51 7~1 U4- i M1 The ‘Prafiiml K itcbm Gardiner: by off-fets or flips. And thus much concerning forrel. I {hall now finifh this feétion with the artichoke and afparagus, that with [0 much honour bring up the rear of boil’d fallets. g s E CT. 111. c HAP. XXX. Of the articbmux, or artichoke. _' I ‘HE artichoke of the Engli , a1ticheaux of the Franc/y, which was in former times call’ d Cynara, might have very iufily maintain’d a priorityb in this (edition, but that I have referv’d this and the afparagus to clofc the ranks, and bring up the rear of all boil’d fal- lets. The antients have a fable, by which they would make us believe that arti— cheaux, the Cynara of thofe times, had its orig1 nal appellation from Cynzzm, a certain virgin, who was metamo1phosd out of her own {hape into this ufeful plant: But others, better skill’d in bo- tanology, fay it had its derivation a ti- mre (from 41713:) which makes them flouo rifh very well; or rather, that it is {o ‘ I call‘d The ‘Pmfliml Kite/am Gardiner: ‘call’d from that fine pale, afhy blew, with which the leaves and {talks are powder’d. ‘ Our Englz'jb Heréal: divide the artiJ choke into three forts or fpecies, which are indeed, I believe, all that we have now, tho’ in fome meafure obfcur’d and unknown by thofe names; viz. the cmam fati-va rubm, or the (mam maxi- mzz flnglz'm, the large red Englijb gar- den artichoke; perhaps no Other than what we now call the red Roman; the (mam fatiwz 4154, the garden white ar~ tichoke; and the cjnara rank, or the French artichoke of Tarkinfon, p. 519. and of Gerard, p. 1153. in all probabi- lity no other than the open-headed green artichoke, fometimes call’d the crown- artichoke; however that be, the kinds that now have place melt in our gar- dens, and which are only larger or fmal~ ler, better or worfe, according to the: goodnefs of the foil on which they are planted, are the red Roman, the crown artichoke, and the large green; which is indeed an excellent kind, and but in few hands as yet: But molt of them are to be had at the Bdtb, very good. (FT 1 . N] 5 1 Op . "154 The Trafiical Kitcbm Gardiner. It is a plant that is cultivated amongfi market-gardiners about London, with more than ordinary induftry, beeaule it brings in great profit, for about and af- ter Michaelmas all their whole gardens \ at Rot/oer/Jz't/J, Lambetb, and other ad- jacent places, are nothing elfe; where putting them into a kind of baskets they call maunds, they fell them from two, to three, four, or five {hillings per maund, that does not hold above a dozen, a dozen and half, or two dozen at molt, fewer or more according as the artichokes are in fize; thofe that are the largefi be- ing the mol‘t valuable, as yielding what they call the largefi bottoms, and confe- quently the mol’t meat. Of‘t/Jefia- There is but one feafon for flipping lb" and and tranfplanting of artichokes, though manner 0 I - ' i the WP” they come in at different feafons; tne gation andfirft begin to appear in [Va], and while 2:535:19? they are fmall are often fry’d by the cook, for feveral ufes in the kitchen; but in jump and 7110 they will be in perfefiiori, according as the Item is more or lefs in good proof 5 for thefe firft always come from old roots or items, that have been planted two or three years; for which realbn you {hould al~ 4 ‘ ways 773.9 Traffiml Kitchen Gardin/er.‘ wvays take care to have two or three dozen of old roots or fiems, not only as they are to afford early heads, but alfo that from thence (as from a nurfery) you may draw of young fets to featter all up and down your garden, in all va— cant places, as the London or market gardiners do: But as thefe old ftocks will grow too large, and confequently decay in three or four years, about the middle of thofe four years you are to plant more, that {0 you may have a con- liant flipply; and it is allo proper to have your new roots for fuch (apply from foils of a different nature, or elfe thefe, like many other of the garden— produce, will degenerate and come to nothing. They are multiply’d, as is before hint- ed, by flips or OPE-fets which every plant of them naturally produces yearly in the fpring, round its old root, and which mul’t be taken off with care, and with what fibres you pofiibly can, as foon as they are grown big enough; leaving to each {-‘tock three of the bell, and thofe that are fituated at the far- thel’t diflance from each other, to head for the firlt crop. The difianee and me— thod ‘15: 3‘56 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner: thod of planting them is too well known for me to need to repeat or enlarge up- on it; but it mull be noted that it ought to be a good deep firong foil, trench’d in with dung—and earth well mix’d to-l' gcther, and not fueh as lies in the wa- ' ter, nor yet, if poflible, on a dry fand, for then, without watering it eonfider- ably, your heads will be always (mall. Artichokes, as moi’t other kitchen vegetables do, affect a freih hearty deep foil, before fueh is mended or made 0- ver rank with dung, as I have experi- ene’d in the fruitful potagery of Bim- laeim, where there was ionic of the largei‘t, fweetefl, and bell artichokes at their firl’t planting, that ever were teen in England, at lead that came to my knowledge. The Fremr’J plant them in beds of a. bout four foot wide, and three foot diitanee from each other; but in Eng» land we generally plant them at about three foot aliinder every way, and 1b go on each iide the rows, making no bed at all; the reafon of which is, beeaufe they plant beet-chards between each row, as requiring one and the fame culture and care in preltrving all the winter; ' m. The ‘Prafiiml Kitcheh Gardiner? which is a reafon of fome moment, it the roots of the beet-chard being eeter and tenderer, may divert the rden-mice from gnawing the roots of : artichokes, which in winter-feafon, : want of better food, they are apt to Thefe plants, as is before obferved,‘ auld be removed once every three ars, cutting off all their out-leaves at e beginning of every Winter, but tak- g care the heart or infide be not da- aged; and at the fame time laying form: :\V long dung amonglt them, letting a :tle of the middle or flock appear a« we ground; this is a praétice that common in all gentlemcns gardens : ut thofe who have large gardens for re market, and have nor quantities of mg dung fufficient for their purpofe, nly tie up their middles with little ands of bafs-mats, having firfi {lipt and irun’d them, as before, and cut off all heir out-leaves, then dig round them at 'ome reafonable difiance, and, according to the term ufed amongf’t gardiners, land :hem up; which landing is generally lone in 06706”, or the beginning of ; Nova/26W, and the drier the earth is at it 5’7; 158 Of the fe- cond trap of unit/Joker, The Trafiical Kin/2m Gardiner. at the time of landing, the better, for fear it fhould rot the heart of the choke. About Alan/.1 is the time for unco- vering and flipping them as before, if big enough, if not, you are to defer it fome time longer, taking ofi‘ ail that {traw and litter that is on, before it be as it were converted to dung, and dig it into the ground, but not deep, only jufl fpittle it in, as gardiners generally term it. And this is the method for old flocks. The fecond crop of artichokes (which generally lai‘t from the beginning or middle of At/gufl to the latter end of Ofioéer, and fometimes, in a mild year, part of November) are of the out fets from the old flocks before-mentioned, where having a good many you chufe out only the firongcl’t, for fome of the fmall ones will nor head till the year following; but all thofe that I am now treating of are planted promil‘cuoufly in any vacant part of the garden, where the fummer crops are drawn off, from the middle of March to the latter end of Illa} fuceeflively, that they may fuCa ceed each other in the fame manner at the Yam The ‘Prdéfitdl Kite/gen Gardiner. the latter end of the year, thofe fets be— ing, as is before hinted, to be pulld up and thiown away after they have pro-‘ duc’d their heads. A merhod obferv’d by few gentlemens gardiners that I know of, tho’ much by the market-gardiners about London. As [0011 as the fruit of theft: (as well as the others) begin to appear, they muf’t be watered plentifully, efpecially if it be a dry foil, and a dry feafon, laying grafs-muck, or any other long fluff or dung, to the roots, to keep them moil’t, for herein depends the largenefs and goodnefs that 18 to be expeé’ted 1n a good artichoke , tho’ this is a method not to be taken in large gardens, as before, for in the marfhes, their ground being moif’t, the fun exhales that moiflure in fuch a manner as to fave all waterings, at leal’t any great ones, after they are once planted and rooted. The plants (as I faid before) being to be pull’d up and thrown away as foon as the heads are ufed, there needs no fur- ther rules for the culture; and if they {hould be preferved, enough is fet down on this head. SECT. 159 355 The Trafliml Kite/9672 Gardiner; 'v S E CT. III. C HAP. XXXL Of the Spanifh cbardon. ‘ I ‘HE carduus eflZ’n centus, or 5,0124 nifb chard, being a wild fpccies 'or kind of artichoke, comes next to be treated of, being amongfl the French and other outlandiih cooks, had in great ef’reem, and by them ferved up a [a poverade, as the Franc/a term it, with oil, pepper, 691'. The feed is of an oval form, and a: bout the bignefs of a wheat grain, of a very dark green, or blackilh colour, mark’d with black fireaks from one end to the other, the flrl’r crop of which is fown about the middle of flpril, and the other at the beginning or middle of May. Some there are who fow them on beds well prepared with dung rotted to mold, or on hot-beds when the heat is going off, and after that plant them out into trenches or pits, as they do cellcry; but the Franc/9, as Mr. we [4 Quintin)? tells us, fow the feed imme- diately in pits, a full foot wide, and fix 1 A i ' inches 1.4 The Tmffiml Kite/Jen Gardiner; inches deep, fill’d with good mold, and in beds made four or five foot wide, in order to place in them two ranks of thofe little trenches or pits checkerwife: they put five or fix feeds in every hole, but with an intention to let only two or three of them grow, if they all come up, taking away thofe that are over and above that number, to fupply thofe places where perhaps none came up, or any other vacancies. ‘ But it is good to have fome fowcd on a hotbed, or on fome bed where the heat is expiring, as before; thefe being cover’d with pieces of old mats or firaw, {hould be opened in fifteen or twenc ty days, to fee if they fprout, if not, you may conclude the feed is bad, and- fo ought to fow more; the feeds of the firli {owing are generally three weeks, and the lafl: fifteen days a coming up, but mul‘t not be fown before the latter end of flpril, or beginning of Mel], being apt to grow big and run to feed in flugufl and September, and then they are not good; for which reafon great care muft be taken to water them, be caufe that will hinder them from feed—- ing, and when towards the latter end of M 0670176973 161;; 16 H The Trafiiml Kite/Jen Gardiner. Ofiobar, you have a mind to whiten them, you take the advantage of fome dry day to tie up all their leai es toge- ther with bands made of firaw or long litter well twii’ted about them, fo that the air may not penetrate nor come at them, except it be at the very top, which is to be left open. Thele plants thus tied 11p, will whiten in about fifteen days, or three weeks, and grow fit to eat. Thofe who make me of them to any ptlrpofe, continue tying them up and covering them, till the winter approaches, and then take them up, and tranlplant them into the green-houle or cellar (as collyflowers are ferv’d) to have them all the winter; fome of thefe plants are good to tranf- , plant in the naked earth in the follow- ' ing l'pring. to ft ed 111 fame and fill}, or cite lome ot thofe plants are good to be tied up in their fi1fi places and will (erve for three 01 four times together. 5 E Cir. TIM Tmfiim! Kitchen Gardiner. 163 S E C T. III. C H A P. XXXII. Of the (if/nar‘egm, its culture, «Sec. ‘HE afparagus is the lal‘t plant I {hall treat of in this feétion; which, according to the various methods of its railing, and the many different months of the year in which it is eaten, added to its own natural goodncfs, might well claim the precedence of all other kitchen plants. It IS call’dafparagus, fay fome, (ab (fie-Duane». rzz‘az‘e) from its aptitude to {hoot or run high and into prickles ,- tho’ others, per- haps better skill’d in borany, derive it from tome roots in the * Greek language, which imply its eflicaey againfi trem- bling, as it is fuppofed to be an excel- lent cordial, temperately hot and moifl, diuretic and eafy of digefiion ,- and Tliny (rays of it, that it is omnium laur— tenflorum lautz'flima aura; and in ano- ther I‘ place, the molt ufeful herb that is for the flomach, and being mix'd with * Alps ragus écrugx7©~ ab 0’: priv 8:: e-rwcw tremo Vid.Ca!11/.Hart. p 41. f Plin. Nat. Hill. Lib. 20. cap. 10. M 2 cummin, 164» Kind}: Iroperticx. Tbe Traffiml Kite/9m Gardiner; eummin, throws off all inflammationa therefrom, and helps the eyes. Our Englifl: writers of plants and gar- dening have long ago given us two kinds of this ufeful plant, viz. the afimragu: fativus, or garden afparagus, and the qfimragus Bataws maximus, the great ‘Dutc/y afparagus; and our catalogues mention no more: But there are other kinds, at leall they have their denomina- tion from places where they are excel- lently large and good, fueh as Batterfi’a, Canterbury, Grave/end, and other places, rais’d no doubt from the antient flock, and improv’d by foil and culture. Mr. Evelyn lays, that next to fleih, nothing is more nourilhing, as Sim. Se~ tbim, an excellent phyfieian held; they are ibmetimes, fays he, eaten raw with oil and vinegar; but with more deli- cacy (the bitternels firt‘t exhaufied) being f0 fpeedily boil’d as not to lofe that ver- dute and agreeable tenderneis which is their peculiar excellence and recommen- dation, and is done by letting the water boil, as you do for eoleworts, before you put them in; and, if I may for once ail‘ume the province of a cook, the not letting them abide long in wa- {CK The Traifiml Kilo/yen Gardiner. 1 65 ter after they are boil’d, but as {con as ever the boiling is over, the putting them unflringed or untied, on the back— . fide of a plate, there to be drain’d of all its moifiure, and then fprinkled with falt, and butter'd, is, in the opinion of fome very curious gentlemen, of great value. It highly behoves every gardiner andOfrai/[ng planter that would have good afparagus,:2’:f/‘:r:f in the firi’t place to take efpecial care gm. P ' about the faving the feed, becaufe from thence it is that they may expect good fuccefs, and reap the benefit of their labour; as the (talks fpring up in fome bed about five or fix years old, obferve the earliel‘t and the largei’t, and flicking a flick by them, fuffer them not to be cut ; obl‘crve alfo that they be round, plump, full, and ihort-headed, and tur- gid or rounding at top; and not thin and furrowed, which is a {ign of a weak bad kind; and as they begin to branch they {hould be flak’d, and fecur’d from the winds which will annoy them in their feeding, and fuch vigorous {boots will afford feeds well nourilh’d, par— taking of the firength of the mother- plant. M 3 Th? 166 Of [Ewing , the feed. The ‘Prafiz’cal Kite/Gm Gardiner. The feed being thus litv’d, and elean’d of its {lime and mueilage, by walhing, dry'ng, 69%“. which is done in the latter end of September, you ean’t {ow it too foon, beeaufe, like fome orher feeds, it takes fome time to extricate it felt out of that tei‘taeeous prilbn or the“, in which it is enclos’d. The earth where- in it is {own lhould be of the l‘lChCfl: kind, and it may be {own either in drills, or in open ground, taking care to cover it Over with fine mold, and after that with fome lhort, and almolt rotten dung (better than that which is longer) to keep the froll out of the ground, during the winter lesion; and by that means the plants will {boot very early and very ilrong in the fpring, and be as good as any two year plants or- der’d other ways; and in this bed they may (land, if nor too thick, which {hould be carefully avoided, for two years, viz. from the [Michaelmas they are (owed, to the nexr [dare/9 come twelve months following, and then they 'will be fit to plant out into open beds, but if let alone a year longer, they will be never the worfe, but then they mutt be thinn’d, or elfe the roors will T/qe Traé‘r’z’ml Kite/Jen Gardiner. 167 will entangle in one another f0 as that they can’t be parted without fome diffi- culty, nor grow fo large. . There are others that chufe to {ow thefe feeds in the fpring, on account of the garden mice, which are apt to de- vour the feed: Nor can it, be dcny’d, but that the fpring {owing is near as good as the autumn; but they muf’t fiand in the feed-bed at leal‘t two years from their fowing, and muff, as well as the others are, be carefully weeded and wa- tered, during the fummer months, all that time ; and indeed, after all, it is befi for a private gentleman, than plants but half a dozen or half a {core beds, to buy of forne honefi well-known gar- diner, who raifes them on purpofe, be- caute it will expedite the owner’s hopes the fooner. The plants being thus rais’d, ’or pro- of the cur’d, you are, about the beginning ofP’“””:’f“f‘ ' [Marc/a, to prepare your ground to refmg" ceive them, firf’t, by trenching out fuch a piece of ground as you defign for it, be it either three, four, five or fix rod of ground, more or leis; but three rod is enough for a fmall family, as five or fix is for a large one. M 4, In :168 The Traé‘t‘ical Kitchen Gatrdz'nerl In the fitft place, you are to open a trench three foot wide, as is the man— ner when you trench for carrots. parf- nips, or other efculents, and laying the fwarth or turf at bottom, lay next to it a layer of dung and rich earth mix’d, a foot thick, (for it will fink to lefs) and after another layer or mixture of the natural mold about fix inches more, and then anOther layer of dung and earth mix’d, about afoot more; and hit of all, a foot thick of good natural mold, mix'd with old melon earth, at leai‘t the places where the roots are planted lhould be fill’d with luch. The whole ground being thus levell'd, the beds are to be mark’d out at about four foot wide, and to contain four rows, at twelve inches afunder, which makes in all three f00t, the outfide line of each bed to be fix inches within the edge or verge of the four foot bed, be- tween which let there be an alley of two foot, to come between to weed the beds; which done, rake the bed length~ ways, at the three foot dillance before- mention’d, and then again crofs-ways, every mark being a foot wide, tho’ others there are that make them not above eight The ‘Pmflz‘ml K itcben Gardiner: is, eight or nine inches, but that in time, when the roots come to fpread, will be too narrow. _ When this is done, open all the points where the line has croffed fiVe 0r fix inches wide, and about an inch or two deep, and fpread the roots of the afparagus, as the roots of an elm or o- ther tree is fpread; for the fqueezing them together, and fetting them with a dibber is not a good way, inafmuch as it forces the root to run downwards, and not to expand it felf as it ought to do. This done, cover in the root with a- bout three or four inches of mold, and the beds being all levell’d and fmooth’d, thereon you may {ow a thin crop of onions, lettuce, and other falletings, as ufual, but not thick. The earth being all frelh and good, ofzhefm; there will be little occafion of renew-m" 4"!" . . [ingajpam‘ mg or laying on any dreffes on yourgu, 6,4,. ' ground for two or three years to come, after they are planted; but you muff every winter lay on a little long litter, to keep the frol’t out of the ground, and in the {pring, when it is rotten, flit it about, and dig out a little earth, ' ' which 170 Of the win- ter draflfng of 40m- gm brdx. T/Je Traé‘fiml Kitcbm Gardiner. which will naturally fall into the alleys audlay upon it; and care mul’t be ta- ken to weed and keep the beds clean, all the two fummers following; but you mui‘t not fow or plant any large crops on the beds, nor cut any of the afparagus till the third year after the plants are planted; becaufe if you do .it will caufe the roots to bleed, and weaken them in fuch a manner as that they won’t be long liv’d, or bear {0 large fhoots, or endure long afterwards. About Mic/9461mm, or tome realbn- able time afterwards, you are to cut a- way the haulm and feed of the afpara~ gus, and, according to the common me- thod, lay fome longilh dung thereon, to keep out the extreme frofls and cold weather that happens in the winter; and confequently to keep the afparagus lb warm as that it may bud out as early as poflible in the l’pring; and in this procedure it can’t be deny’d but laying muck out of the fiables, or old thatch of a barn, may keep the beds open and from freezing, but there is {omething more to be confidered, and that is, a mullinefs that thofe kind of dungs mutt create in their lying {0 long onthe bed 5 ‘ according The Traffiazl Kitchen Gardiner. according to the ingenious Dr. Lz/ier, then (in the Tbilof Tran/at? mm. 25.) infiead of covering the beds with luch nal‘ty litter, I fhould advife a mixture of fea—cole alhes, {ea-(and, oyl’ter-fhells burnt and bruis’d, and all mix’d with a little earth and rotten dung to mire them with, and room to open therein, and to heat and infpire the bed with new and productive Vigor; and upon all that friperlhniriating and firewing fome clean \Vheat-i’traw; and what may not be ex- pected from a bed f0 drefs’d? The third year, when the afparagus is fit for cut- ting, when there is fuch a top and fuch a bottom, the top ought to be about five or fix inches of this new earth; but that is not to be apply’d till the year before you cut your afparagus. There are fome who drels their beds with the dung of pigeons or poultry; which by reafon of its great falacioull ncfs, heats and enriches the ground be— low to a very great degree, and will produce {talks of an uncommon dimen- fion, and caufe a hundred of the grafs to weigh from twenty to twenty five pounds, or more; but I mui’t leave it to the difquifition of all curious palates, and I7! 172 The ‘Prafiical Kitchen Gardiner; and to experience whether grafs {0 large, and which is dung’d with fuch a nafly dung can be good, or indeed any bet- ter than thofe which are rais’d at or about Lambet/y, or any other part of London, which may be eafily tal’ted and dil‘tinguifhed from that which is fmaller, and is rais’d in the country, whilf‘t the other is as if it grew in a {linking dung— heap, and the gardens themfelvcs more nafiy and unwholefome than any corn— .mon-fhore. S E C T. III. C H A P. XXXIII. Of tbe forcing or razfng a/paragu: very earl]. HE forcing and railing of afpa- ragus early, will require a chap- ter it felt} it being now a matter {0 much in ufe, at leall the manner or me- thod of railing it, in all its degrees, is too large for a chapter in lo [mail 3 Volume. The @utc/y were the firfi that brought this method over with them out of Ho!- land, and at the revolution, amongfi other things, with which gard’ning has now The ‘Pmfiicdl Kitchen Gardiner: now fome tinéture and remains, for, contrary to us, they love that which is either white by nature, or is whitned by art; whilft the Englzfi, Ithink with much more probability of reafon, love that which is the greenefi; but I re- member a very great Prince (King M]. have the Third) that delighted in the white kind above all others, which pro- bably induced his countrymen to follow his example; and this is with us, tho’ of little account, truly call’d ‘Dm‘c/a afpa— ragus. , There are two methods by which gar— diners force their afparagus; the firf’c is left to us by Mr. ‘De la Quintin”; but the lait is what our own countrymen and market-gardincrs have arriv’d to a great perfcétion in. That of Monf. ‘De la @zintinje, and which he recommends for forrel, and were better extended alfo to mint and tarragon, is to take out the earth in the alleys between two cold beds, a f00t (I add, if poflible, about two foot) deep, and fill them up afterwards with long warm dung, to heat the neighbouring earth, and if it be for afparagus, to co- ver the whole bed over with the fame dung, I73 174 The Trafiiml Kite/m; Gardiner. dung, to deprefs the heat of the other dung, which would otherwife evaporate, and to help to warm the earth; and when the afparagus begins to fprout, they put bells upon each plant, or co- ver the whole beds with glafs frames, which is better; after which the heat of thofe paths mui’r be renew’d, by flirting them from the bottom upwards, or by renewing, from time to time, an appli- cation of frclh dung, covering (befide‘s) the bells or glafs frames with dry long dung, or skreens of lh'aw, or fuch like matter, for the reafons above exprcfl'cd, when we were treating of-afparagus and forrel in hot-beds. The afparagus plants being thus warm‘d, anti feeling under thofe bells or glafs frames an air as com- for-table as that in the months of April or Illa], they produce fhoots that are red at their firfi coming up, but which after that turn green and long, like thofe that nature it felf produces in warm and temperate feafons. The Oi - 1y inconvenience of thefe artificial heat- ings, is, that becaufe they mull be very violent to penetrate f0 cold an earth, they dry up and fpoil thofe plants, f0 that fuch afparagus, infiead of continu- mg The 99mm“! Kite/rm Gardiner, ing for fifteen years together, to beat well, as otherwife they would do, never - fprirtg kindly afterwards; ahd tho’ they be let alone two or three years after the fruit heating, yet at mol’t are able to endure but one mOre. What may be added [to this, with more than po—flible reafon, is, that the alleys of thofe beds you intended to ufe in this manner ought to be at l‘eal’t three foot and a half or four foot wide, and the beds not above two foot and a half or three foot at mof’t; for it is a great thicknefs of earth, when beds are four foot wide, and the alleys but two, for fuch a fmall body of dung to {trike a heat thro’ it; as all thofe that make hot—beds to raife melons, cucumbers, and Other things, do experience. It will be alfo to little purpofe to en- deavour to heat beds that are old and worn out, but rather thofe that are four, five, fix or {even years old; for then the roots are flrong, and able to bear the heat; whereas thofe that are old and worn out, if they {hoot at all the grafs will be {mall and good for little 5 but the roots of afparagus are f0 eafily rais’d, or {0 cheap to be procur’d, that any 2 perfon I75 .176 The Trwical Kitchen Gardiner; perfon with a tolerable purfe or indull try may furnifh himfelf with beds and glafi'es or bell frames, for this purpofe. But I would have the gardiner go above two foot deep in the prbeefs above- mention’d, and as much as in him lies undermine the bed with his fpade, and thrufl: the dung underneath. Mr. we 14 Quintinje direc‘ts, that the aforegoing proceeding, in relation to afparagus beds, is not to be done till fome time in jammy, it being in the direfiions of that month; fo that what is above written is fer down, at leall f0 much of it, as it was penn’d by that moi’t excellent and indullrious gardiner; but our writers of late are fo mild, and the bufinefs of gardening is lb much better known, and fo much more im— proved, fince his time, and the experi- ence of thefe days fllCW us, that an in~ dui’trious gardiner may well begin in Novemécr or ‘December, as l‘oon as he has taken leave of his lummer and au- tumn employ; for afparagus is of too hardy a nature to be hurt by any little cold about the beginning or middle of Ala-veméer; then may be allow’d to be a time proper to begin the aforelaid wofrlk- I 1e The Traffiml Kite/3m Gardiner; I 77 The other and lafi method of forcing 77:3 14/; afparagus, is on hotbeds made at {eve-”W?” 9’: ral times, from the beginning of Ara-firtgiff wméer to the beginning or middle of February, that you may have them fuc- ceffively one after another, till the fea- fon permits, when nature will produce them of her own accord. This Monf. fDe [a Quintinje tells us, in his month- ly production of ‘Deceméer; a work of no inconfiderable pains and expence; but the pleafure of feeing, in the midfl: of the feveref’t froft and fnow, abun- dance of afparagus grow both thick and green, and every way moft excellent, is great enough for to take us off from grudging at our coft and trouble. And. it may be truly faid, (fays that haughty potager, in praife of his great maiier,) that was then a privilege hardly belong- ing to any but his great mafier; tho‘ now we can fhew them thoufands up« on thoufands in the gardens of our 1a— borious neat-houfe men. But to proceed in the method of forcing afparagus on hot-beds made on purpofe. You are, in the firft place, to raife or procure roors that are proper for it, of about three or four years old at N moflzs '17s The Trafiiml Kite/am Gardiner; mofi; the taking of old worn-out roots for that purpofe, out of old beds, be- ing, in; the opinion of all praé‘ritioners, but loft labour; fuch roors ought then to be three or four years old, and fuch as are healthy and flrong, (or they won’t bear fuch violent forcing) of which the gardiners and neat-houfe men about London have always great from, which they fell to one another, when any one of their own fraternity wants them, for about four or five {hillings per pole, more or lcfs, for any pole of fixteen foot and a half fquare; and great care {hould be taken that the roots be not cut fhort or bruis’d. Being thus provided with roots about the beginning of November, you are to make a ridge, or ridges, according to the quantity of melon frames you have; and this ridge ought to be made very firong, the weather being cold, and the ridge to lafi a great while; five foot wide at bottom, four foot at top, and three foot, or three foot and a half high, at leafi; made in the manner that has been heretofore taught for melon ridges, having a fifth or fixth part of cole- afhes, tanners bark, law dul‘t, or any other ve- getable Tlae ?mfiiml Kite/yen Gardiner: getable matter mix’d with it, to prolong its heat, and clothing it and the frames and glafl‘es all over, raife the heat at its firfl making, and ufing all fuch arts as have been taught before on other ac. counts, for the flrengthning and comic nuance of the heat of beds. You may earth your ridge immedie ately as foon as ever it is made, about five or fix inches thick 3 and as there is not f0 much danger in burning the roots as there is in melons and cucumbers, the plants may be alfo immediately fer, there being a layer of rotten dung put upon the ridge to keep the heat from tiling irregularly, as heretofore mentia on’d; after the plants are fet at about eight inches afunder, you cover the roots two inches thick with the belt old me-_ Ion-bed earth you can get. But as yet you need not put on the glafles, but only throw mats over the earth, that the {team and fury of the dung may have room to evaporate, whilit the roots will be firiking in the ground; and let the ridge lie fo for five or fix days, then put over your frames and glafles, and lay an inch, or two or three inches more, of frefh mold over again, N 2 When .179 _i 80 The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner; When the buds begin to appear a: bove ground, which will be in about ten or fifteen days after planting; then you mufi give them air, according as the ' weather will permit, fince it is that which makes them green, and contri- - butes chiefly to the goodnefs of their taf’te; and if the ridge is in any degree hot, and the weather mildifh, they may be riled up with a thick tile or piece of brick, all night as well as day; for the more they have of the Ream, the more fickly and dungy they will tafte. Some give them an inch or two of . freih mold more, after they are come up, not judging it right to earth the ridge but two or three times; but thus managed you may expeé‘t good grafs for a month fucceflively, if the feverity of the weather, or, which is worfe, great rains and no fun, don’t hinder. But it’s proper, as the heat of your ridge de- cays, and as the weather is either fe- verer or milder, to lay frefh dung all rOund the bed, to [hike in freih heat, and to cover the glaiies above in all cold weather, fo as that the bed may keep working continually, as gardincrs who are Llied to this employ phrafe it. I And T68 Traffical Kite/am Gardiner. t 8! And for a continual fucceflion all the winter, in about three weeks more let there be another ridge made, and in a- bout three weeks or a month more an- other, moving the frames and glafles from one to another, as the former beds go off; unlefs you have enough for them all, which is indeed better. A ridge of ten or twelve yards long is fuflicient for any middling family. 8 E C T. IV. C HA P. XXXIV. Of tbofe efiulent and bulbous- rooted plants, &c. that are rais’d in kite/J6 gardens. - ' HE next feétion, or clafs of cu- linary plants 1 [ball produce, are thoib that are rais’d purely for the fake of their roots, which are fometimes long, fometimes round, and fometimes tuberous or grumous, as nature has dif- pofed them to be, but all of them very ui‘cful in the kitchen, and for the bene- fit of life. Thofe that have wrote of the deriva- Of»; a’e— tion of the word efiulentus‘, tell us, it ”WW“ is an adjective of Cicero’s, fo call’d (quad N 3 efiti 1 8'2. The Trafr'iml Kitchen Gardiner: \ 4511' 41mm 42) from their aptitude to be eaten raw or boil’d; and in this fenfe alfo Scaliger ufes the :word, where he fets down that it has not occurred to him whether the feeds or herbs are eat- able in like manner as the plants them- l'elves are; by which it appears, by cfcu- lent muf’t be underflood its edible qua- lity, and not its fhape, as fome great gardiners have underflood; and f0 Scbre- ivelz'us alfo com-trues it to be tfculentus, from Bede-wag, 01‘ Hectic-n, (quid cometlz' P0- tcfl) derived from the German word, broat, anglice, bread. But be that as it will, of this kind are the red and 0- range carrot, the {\Velling and Navarre. Of this kind alfo are the parfnip, the black and white Spam/b radifh, the London, Sorta/J and Sandwich radiih, with the Storzomm, and Others. Of nag Of the bulbous kinds, are the 'white, M55- yellow, and round turncp; the Sim/3 burg/J, Spang‘fb, Egg/7J7}, and Wfl/h oni- on, the fhallot, garlicn and roccam~ be. And of the tuberous, gtumous or va- nous-rowed kind, the skcrret, potata, évc. all of them of the greateft we, both for wholelomenefs and firength, that The Traifiml K {token Gardiner. 1 8 3 that the kitchen garden and poragery produce. The {oil that all or moi’c of the above- 0/11» foil nam’d roots chiefly afFeét, is rich fandy PWPWfW‘ loam, and for the efculents, that whichemm” is pretty deep, in order to give the roots room to run down; and it is proper that all of them be well dug or trench’d, either deeper or lhallower, as the na- ture of the root requires, fome time be- fore you fow them; the particular me- thods of doing all which will be found under their refpeé’tive titles, as they are before fet down, with their appellati- ons, fpecies and culture, regard being had to their excellence or fize, as they fiand dil‘eriminated under the above- mention’d heads. SECT. IV. CHAP. XXXV. 0f the pawn}, carrot, &c. Arfnips and carrots, the dauci or Oftbeorz‘ paflinaca fiztz’va of the herbarifls,gi‘n. are molt excellent nourifhing roots, e- lpecially the parfnip, of which there is but one kind that is cultivated in gar- dens, that lhave feen or heard of; but N 4 of £184. The Traflical Kitchen Gardiner; of the earl-0t there are two kinds that are temperately warm, dry and fpicy; but the bell are the yellow, tho' there are form: that love the red heft, on ac- count of its noble colour; nor doI think there is any remarkable difference in their talk or goodnefs. The paflinam abovenam’d, is of two fpecies, viz. the latifo/z'a and tenuz’fo- lid; the former the parfnip, and the lat- ter the carrot, and are {aid by*[fld0ru: (as Mr. R4}! has it) to be derived from paflas, food, becaul’e the roots thereof are of great ufe in the food of man; however it be, they were of great efleem amongfl the ancients, as Tim} and o- thers tellify. Tlmop/yrzg/fzzs, in his ninth book of plants (as lays Gerard) mentions ano- ther kind, which he terms flap/Jj/z'mts; and ‘P/im has, asI remember, the fame name, but it mufi be the datum Cram- fis, nOt 1b well known in kitchen gar- dens, the roots whereof are {aid to be a {overeign remedy againft poifon. of rte/2» Out Erzglzfl) Herbals have a long time an I PM" given the account of thoi‘e kinds we are "' Paflinaea f. d. qnod radix efus przecipuns fit pal— tus humini. ut vult 5mm, In? 17. {My}. 10. ll 0 \V The ‘Prafz’ieal Kitchen Gardiner; now poffefs’d of, viz. the paflz'nam latzf fativa of Gerard, p. 125. and of Tartan/an, p. 944. the garden parfnip; and another of the wild kind, elapha. hofeam, of no ufe in the kitchen; the paflz'naca fativa tenm'folia latea, or yel- low carrot; and the paflz'naeafativa te- mtz'fa/z’a atrorahem, or red carrot, are both alfo found in Gerard, p. 1027. and in Tar/ziafon, 901. but now they are ~difiinguifl1’d by the names of the yel- low or Sandwich, red carrot, (re. Thofe that write concerning the vir— tues of plants, fay that the nourifhment that comes frOm thefe roots is not very much, nor very good; and that they dcbilitate and weaken, rather than flrcngthen; that they are windy, but not to much as turneps, and {0 don’t pals thro’ the body [0 foon; however, they caufe meat to be eaten with more pleal’ure, and their virtues, perhaps, may not be {0 little as thofe gentlemen ima— gine they are. 185 Carrots delight in a warm, light, Soil. fandy foil; but parfnips can’t have a foil that is too {’trong. If the ground be heavy, it mutt be trench’d, or garden~ fallow’d, either in the winter or fum~ met r 86 The Trafiiml Kite/Jen Gardiner. mer before you fow; which trenching, furrowing, or laying in ridges, ihould be perform’d as has been before direét- ed under that head, in the firft fe€tion; but the ground muf’t by no means be dung’d that year, but fuch as has carried collyflowers, cabbage, or fome orher kitchen fluff the year before, and when the dung is well confum’d. Seflfifli of There are three or four [cafons where- $319” in it is proper to {ow carrots, (though parfnips are always fow’d at one and the fame time 5) the firf‘t feafon, to have them all the winter, and very early in the fpring, is in flugufl, under a warm wall or reed-hedge, and in a good {an- dy, or otherwife light rich ground, or old melon bed cover’d a foot thick with mold; and as they grow up, weed and water them a little in dry weather, and if they are fubjeét to grow too much to green, tread them down, and the root will grow the fairer and larger. There carrots will be fit to draw towards C/ari/l- may, and during all the fpring months, being what they call Michaelmas car- rots; but when the dryrrels or heat of the weather in the fpring comes on, they foon run to feed, and grow Rickey; for which Tbe Trailiml Kitchen Gardiner: which reafon you {hould ‘fow more of them (can after Clariflmas, on an old hot- bed, or, which 15 better, on a little dung thrown together, and cover’d with old c’melon earth, and with this may be fown radifhes, lettuce, (re. which will be found in the feveral chap- ters of the following treatife; and if the weather be any thing open, you may have good young carrots by the beginning of . Thofe that have but little glafs, as foon as the hor-bed is made (which is to be about four foot wide, two foot and a half high, and three or four yards long, as you like befi) make a thick twified band of hay, and going round the edge of the bed, fix it by prick’d flicks into the fide of the bed, after which make a bow or cradle, as is commonly feen, or is directed in other places. But the main crop of all, and which is to [apply the kitchen all, or the greateft part of the year, is that which is {ow’d in March; the ground ought- (if it be heavy) to be trench’d and laid in ridges all the winter, that the froit may mellow it, and kill the weeds; and if‘ 182 188 (7.2'z'tizrc. The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. if it be a fandy foil, the roots will grow larger and larger, be much fweeter, and lefs fubjeét to worms, than thol‘e that are {own in rich garden ground, where there are very feldom good~tafted car- rots 5 they {hould be fow’d in fine wea- ther (according to the old rul’tic verfe) and after, that raked well, and then trod or rowl’d in, for the feed is {0 very light that it will be blown about any whither; for which reafon alfo, the weather lhoulcl be fiill and quiet, or elfe your feed will be blow’cl on heaps, or quite away; and amongl‘t thefe, it is well known, are ge- nerally fown, lettuce, radilhes, (70. and fome there are that plant green cole- worts thin, which are cut off foon e- nough to give room and air to the young roors, and as it were a guard to them; but I can by no means allow of peafe or beans interfpers’d, becaufe they {land— ing a great while amongl‘t them, draw them up weak and thin, and never root well. In flpril and [War they fhould be oft weeded, or, which is molt expeditious, howed with little hoes about four inches wide; and the laft howing of all they {hould be fer at about fix or eight inches ' V diliance, The Trafficfl Kitchen Gardiner: dillance, drawing of all the while all fuch radifhes, lettuce, (71'. as are (if let [land too long) apt to ftlfiocate and choke them up. The lal’t {owing of all, but which is nor often ufed, is in the beginning of yum, for a few young ones for thofe that are great lovers of them about Mi. time/mas; but this {owing {hould be under a North wall, or hedge, or in the fhade under fome trees. The firfi fowing, already mention’d, may be done fome time about the mid- dle of 7241}; but if it be a mild autumn, which with us it generally is, the be- ginning of flugufl is foon enough. Parfnips are {own in March, fomc. times amongfl the general or main crop of carrots; but as they are a root that loves a much fironger foil than carrots do, and remain» in the ground the great- Cfl: part of the winter, I rather advife a piece of - ground apart by it felf, in any coarfe {lrong quarter. They {hould be howed a foot afunder. I need add little as to the taking carrots up, and putting them in fand in the cellar or green-houfc, in order to prefcrve them all the winter; that, with many 189 ‘1 96 Me Traifiml Kitcben Gardiner: many other things of this kind, being too well known for me to enlarge up on. s E c T. IV. C H AP. XXXVI. 0f the radifb. HE radilh, rapbanm, is the next ,efculent I ihall produce under this feétion, being {0 ufeful in the kitchen, that Mr. ‘De la ,Qut'ntinje fays of them, when they are tender, and {nap eafily, and are fweet, they are one of the plants that gives the moi’t plea- fure of any in the kitchen garden; and which, for their long and general ufe, he looks upon as a kind of manna, al~ beit (as Mr. Evelyn fays) rather medici- nal than {0 commendably good, accom- panying fallets (wherein we often {lice the larger roots) and f0 are not of {0 great a ufe as the younger leaves in raw fallets, whilfl I may add, the old leaves are good to boil. Certain it is, the ra- difh, almof’t all the year, affords a very grateful mordacity, and fufliciently rem- pets all cooler ingredients, whether boil’d or raw, tho’ much properer for r the The Trafiic‘al Kitchen Gardiner; 19:, the Ian than firl‘t. The bigger roots fo much defired, lhould be fuch as, being tranfplanted, may be eat fhort and quick, without firinginefs, and not too biting, and were formerly (as indeed they are now) eaten with falt only, as carrying their pepper with them. They were ce- lebrated by Tim], and other the anti- ents, above all roots whatfoever, info— much that, as thofe authors aflirm, there was in the ‘Deéobic temple a radiih made of folid gold, to which they paid great veneration; and Mofclaz'on, one of the molt celebrated phyficians amongl‘t the Greeks, is [aid to have wrote a whole volume in its praifes. Etymologifis tell us, it is call’d I'd-Derivati- p/mnus, from * Panhg, a perfpicuous or 0’“ Clear root; but Others, from feveral words which figniiied its quicknefs in fpringing, after it is fowed; and fo the learned Step/gem and Brown, in their Oxford catalogue of plants, remark. Our Herbals take norice of three or four fpecies of this root, viz. the m- phanus fatz‘vu: vulgarir, or common garden radiih; rap/3mm: pjrz'formi: five "_ Puritan}, quafi radix peripieua. Dig/(7r./it3. IO. radice 192 Virtue: and cater. 77.1: ‘Praé'z‘iml Kite/yen Gardiner. 'radice mgm, the black radifh; in all probability the Spanz'jb tadifh; rap/947m: oréimlatus, the round rooted radilh; and rap/Janus niger rotundz'ore radice, round-rooted black radilh; perhaps an- other fpecies of the Spanz'jb; befides the rap/mm: ruflimmu', or horfe radilh: All which aré much the fame that gar- dens furnifh us with now at this time; tho’ the mpbanu: whim/aim, or round- rooted radilh, is not very plentiful in England. I had fome of the feed from Holland, about {even or eight years ago, and it is indeed a much better kind than the common radifh, as lafiing longer, being much fhorter, clearer, and lefs fubjeét to be Ricky, and withal nor fo hot in the month; they are of the fhape of turneps, and may be eaten raw, as well as they or indifferent apples are, and by fome call’d Hanover radifhes, in allufion to its turnep fhape, (3‘1: Notwithl’tanding what has been before {aid of their virtues, Hippormte: utter- ly condemns them as ’Uill'Q/é" innatante’: ac wgre concoflz'lesg and fome call them cibm z'l/z'éera/ir, fitter rather for rullics than gentlemens tables; that befides, it decays the teeth, is hard to digefi, and inimicous The Traffical Kilt/5m Gardiner. inimicous to the flomach, caufing (as Mr. Evelyn has it) naul‘eous eruétati- ons, and fometimes vomiting, tho‘ other- wife diuretic, and l‘uppofed of quality to repel the vapours of wine after hard drinking. ‘Diafcorides and Gale”, a- mongll the antient phyficians, differ a— bout their eating, one prelcribes it be~ fore meals, the latter after; and lbme (fays our elaborate author) macerate the young roots in warm milk, to make them more nourifhing. The mphanm ruflz'amm, or horfe ra- dilh, is well known to be of a much hotter quality, and did not f0 friendly to the head and eyes, yet is an excel— lent antifcorbutic, and a good fiomatic, and on that account an excellent ingre- dient in the compofition of mullard, as are all the thin fhavings in cold fillets, efpecially in winter. But Mr. Eve/m aflhres us, that by the following ufe of it, it is the molt excellent and univerfal condiment. Take (fays he) horfe radifh whilf’t new. ly drawn out of the earth, otherwife laid to fieep in water a competent time, then grate it on a grater which has no bottom, that {o it may pafs thro’ it like a mu— 193 [:94 Of 12270ng The Trafiiml Kite/9m Gardiner. a mucilage, into adiih of earthen ware, this temper’d with vinegar, in which a little fugar has been difl'olv’d, you may have a fauce fupplying mui’tarcl to a fal- let, or any other occafion. Of the Spanifl: radifh there are two forts, white and black, which fliced are eat raw, with vinegar, oil, (yr. by the ‘Dutc/J. All the afore-mention’d roots, except «mi “11- the 110th radifh are rais’d by feed, the ill/'6‘. main crop of which is well known to be fow'd with carrots, parfnips, évc‘. in Marc/7; but the radifh is a root fo much ufed, efpecially in great families, and by the lower part of them, that they may be raifed for them to eat every month in the year; and as they are apt to run to feed, you {hould be {owing them every fortnight, at mol‘t, efpeci— ally during the ipring, fummer, and au- tumn feafons; and the little round tur- nep-rooted radiih is fo lbft and harmlefs, that it will fuit the weakeit I‘tomachs in any feafon of the year, being to be eat like an apple. The other chief feafons for the fow- ing this and all the other, but the black Spam/b radifh, (which is fow’d but once. a year,) Tbe Traifim‘l Kite/am Gardiner; a year,) are in the months of April, Illa], yum, 3'21]; and Augufl, all on natural ground, but a little lhady in the three laf’t months; but what you have after muf’t be {owed once a month, on hot-beds, and efpecially in yammry and February, when early carrots, lettuce, and other things are fown. There are indeed fome that are {own in 32!!) and dugufl, at the fame time and amongl’t thofe that are called M— cbaelmas carrots; but they are hardifh, and apt to be flicky and wormy, after they have flood fome time; and fo are only fit for rul’tics, and hard labouring perfons, whofe digeftion is much flronger than gentlemens, ladies, (76. are. ‘ The horfe radilh is {o well known to grow from almol’t any bit of a cut- ting or flip, that I' need not wafle time in fetting it down. 02 SECT, 195 196 The Tmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner. s E C T. N. C HAP. XXXVII. Of the Scorzonera Hifpaniea, and tom- mon falfzfin ‘39”“1” I ‘H E Scorzomm (by original :1 S194- nizzrd) has of late met Owith great cnte1tainment at the tables of the curi- ous; as has alfo another of the fame kind, tho’ of 11.15 note, the common {af- fifee or lhlfify, which is likewife culti- vated int-he fame manner. The * Scorzmem has its name from :1 \‘lPCL‘ or {Ci-pent, called in Spain Scor- so, for which realbn alfo it has with 11s in England (as our oft-quoted her.- lutitls tell us) the name of vipers grafs, from its elfieacy againl’t the venom of 11‘pe1s o1 1e1pents. Gerard and Pmkinfwz 112.1}: given the figures and deleiiptions of two kinds only, which are undoubtedly the fame ve have now in tile, viz. the Scorzw mm Hifpzmim, or Sc'orzonem mayor "" Seorzonem nomen ell [lilmnicum T1 fcorzo vi era, A vel l‘erpente 11111211112. (1111‘ c.1dem cl} 3e Viperim a quod (11111111 \riper.11um ac lbrpemnm venena cit efi‘icnx. Cam]. Herr. Bfifflii. 01971. 16‘3- 2. , pannom'm V 9317: The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner. 1.97 pdflflwlitffl latif. or common Spam'jb Vi... pets garafs; the other kind is Sao‘rzomm laymi/is latifolz'a, dwarf vipers grafs; whether the other kind that goes by the title of Scorzomm Hégvanim, be the flame or another kind than thatbefore- mention-’d, is to- me unknown. Mont”. fDe la: gammy: gives an ac-Of we count of two kinds, which were» in his ”m“ time cultivated in France, under the names of Scorzmzem and faflify; it is (as that curious obferver of vegetables a-{fures us) admirable good, both, for the pleafure of the tafie,>and the health of the body, (food) beingr either boil’d-with‘ chicken, with afparagus, fliced and fried: in pancakes, or baked in pics amongft other meat, affording a very excellent nourifhment, the half not much unlike the bottom of an artichoke, far beyond any root that the garden affords. It is rais’d not only by feed fow’d' in Bropaga- filartb, when carrots and other feeds 22:12?" are fown, but in beds by it felf; it muff “ ‘ ’ be {owns pretty thin, or weed'ed‘ and howed', in order to give room. for the root to enlarge it felf; but fix or eight inches will be difiance enough, the root not being {abject to waxbig; it is good, 0 3 to 198 The Y’raffiml Kitchen Gardiner: to water it in order to make it grofs,‘ and it {hould have the belt and richelt foil you can fow it in. ' Mr. Evelyn gives three particular names to this plant, viz. Tragopogon, Scorzonem and Salfz‘fia, medicinal and excellent againl’t the palpitation of the heart, faintings, obfiruétion of the bow- els, (ye. are befides a very fweet and pleafant fallet, being laid to foak out the bitternefs, and then peel’d, may be eaten raw, or condited, but belt of all fiew’d with marrow, fpice, wine, (ye. as artichokes and skirrets are, fliced or whole. They may (fays he) alfo bake, fry or boil them; a more excellent mm is hardly growing. Mr. Mortimer talks alfo of another common fort that is multiply'd by feed, which is almoi’t in all things like to Scorzomm, except its colour, which is alfo grey, or of a very long oval figure, as if it were to many cods, all over fireaked, and as it were engraven in the {paces between the fireaks, which are pretty {harp-pointed towards the end. Mr. ‘De la Quintinje fays of this com- mon fort, that it is cultivated after the ,ame manner as the preceding one, but ' that The Trafiiml Kile/yen Gardiner. 1 99 that it is not altogether (0 very excel- lent; they eafily pafs the winter in the ground; that it is good to water both kinds in very dry weather, and to keep them well weeded; and efpeeially to put them in good earth well prepared, of full two foot deep at leal’t: All thefe direé‘tions we have obferved, but find that by keeping them in the ground all the winter, they are apt to grow a little Ricky in the fpring; wherefore it may be better to take them up fome time in Oft'ober or Noveméer, and keep them in (and, as you do other culinary roots. 5 E C T. IV. C H A P. XXXVIII. Of the tame}. ‘ I ‘HE turnep, rapum, altho’ it is fo common, and f0 well known a root, mutt not be omitted in this ac- count of kitchen vegetables, as it does indeed furnifh it in as confpicuous a manner as any other herb or r00t yet named. The skill’d in botany remark, that 13mm;- the turnep is eall’d by the Latin:,“"' _0 4 .mpum, 200 T/ae Tmfiiml Kitcbm Gardiner. * mpztm, or mupzmz, becaufe it grows above ground, as Varro teflifies; and in like manner (365721;, from the. Greek: of rifle/emails; but as ‘Diofcaria’e: inti- mates, it is from yoyyu’Aag, the orbieular or rotund figure of the root. Tho’ there were in T/inj's time no lefs than fix forts of tutneps, and of feveral eo- lours, fome whereof were fufpeé’rcd to be artificial, we have not above three or four that our books {peak of, or that are cultiva- ted in our gardens; and they are the rafmm. luteum, or yellow turnep; the rapum mlzmm, or red turnep; both of them to be found, I). 231. of Gerard, and p. 508. of Waring/672; to which they add the mpum majus, and rapum radice o/y/ongo, the large turnep, and the longeft rooted turnep 5 both in p. 232. of Gerard, and 509. of thrl’ciig/bfl, aforelhid. The yellow turnep is generally pre- ferr'd before any of the ref}, as being left; watery, and conl‘equently more nou- rifhing; but others prefer the red Ba- hamian, before the yellow, being fweeterr “ Rabum (111.7(1 r.1upum quad e term errutur. Venom", M2. 4,. Mtg. Lrt'x’. At verifimilius a Grass 502/735. Akba— 73“-'«'-V, Mk9 6:7{1- 2- 1" ctr/«1M Diquri/z’ax, 11$. 2. mp. 134,. A rctundé orbieulanve radieLq figura. Hort. 0x071. I 56. and Tia! Traffiml Kitchen Gardimr. and leis mealy; but the Napm (by the mm call’d the Nevew) is-certainly the moft delicate of them all, and the moi! nourifhing, as Mr. Evelyn teflifies ,- the large kind are only fit for a large family, or for flfieep. * Turneps are propagated at feveral different times of the year, tho’ they are notyequally good at one time, as they are at anorher; the firi’t time of your {owing {hould be after the firf’t fine fhowcrs that fall in Alfril, in order to have little turnep roots in the fummer to mix with your carrots, while they are yet young and fmall, they make 2: pretty figure in the difh amongf’t the red and yellow carrots, tho’ in truth there is little to be depended upon them as to a large family; however, this fow- ing mufl not be omitted, as muf’t not others {ome time in Mar, fame and yu- ly; all which fowings fhould be in the decreafe of the moon, according to the general opinion of gatdi—ners, who have it from experience; notwithfianding they reieft it in many infianees that the an~ tients approv’d in;- but thefe are to be only a few, about three or four tool at a time, for diverfity as before. Thofe fown 201 202. The T’mfiiml Kitchen Gardiner.” fown in the fummer months, ought to be in an old orchard in the {hade under fome trees, where there is a little glim- mering of the fun, {0 as the whole may not be excluded. The laf’c, and which is indeed the main fowing, is from the beginning or middle of 5121!], to the middle or (as the autumns have lately happened) the latter end offlugufl; for then the roots will have time to fix before the winter comes on; it is beft for them to take the firlt frofts that happen in the be- ginning of winter, for that makes them eat the fweeter, better, and lefs rank, iiimmer turneps that have never taken the frofi, being known by experience not to eat f0 well as thofe that have. Little need be added, as to the putting them in fand, which fhould be done to- wards the latter end of November, be- fore the hard frofts come. Sandy ground is well known to be the bell for turneps; but if that can’t be had, any ground that is frelh, and new broke up, tho’ never {0 poor, is bell; but turneps, however plain a root they are, are very nice in their goodnefs, and diflicult as to what foil they prove bef’t in. ' ‘ ' ‘ There The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. 20; There is a black fly that always fat? 'I tens upon them, and eats the feed-leaves ~ in their firl’t coming up in the fummcr— ' time, which fpoils that crop entirely, if not prevented; fome have fap or femi- nated foot out of the chimney, wood- alhes, and the like; but where planta- tions of this kind are large, it is there impoflible to procure quantities enough of limb flrowings: It is better therefore to get fome of the firongefl quick lime you can, and flack it into powder, which you may few in the ground with afl‘ured fuccefs, as I have experienc’d; three or four bufhels will ferve an acre very well, and lefs where there is a fcarcity; it will burn up all the flies, and will have this other good effect, the mellow- ing and enriching the ground in a man— ner proper enough for turneps. The manner of howing of them is to fet them about fix inches afunder, This is now done by feveral men who make it their particular bufinefs and em- ploy, for a crown an acre, in feveral parts of the Weft, and other countries, where they raife them in great abun~ dance, for their fheep and orher ufes. Bcfides 20.4 T be Traé'z’iml Kite/2m Gardiner. Befidcs the advantages that turneps bring in iheep, in the Weft, and o~ ther countries, and for black cattle in Norfolk, they make an excellent bread, fome of whiehl remember to have eaten about the years 1696, and 97, when wheat fold for eight, nine or ten lhil- lings per bulhel. The receipt was pre- fented to the Royal Society, by a wor- thy gentleman, and is as follows. *Let the turneps be firii peel’d,and boil’d in water till {oft and tender, then firong— 1y prefiing out the juice, mix them to. gether (when dry let them be beaten or pounded very fine) with their own weight of wheat meal; lealbn it as you do 0— ther bread, and knead it up, then let- ting the dough remain a little to fer- ment, fafhion the pafie into- loaves, and bake it like common bread. Ifay of it, from experience, that it eats heavy, but is a moi-{t good food. The roaiiing them under embers in a paper, and eating them with fugar (I ra» ther fay falt and butter) is a delicious: way, a little pepper being mix’d with the falt. * Pfivih/i Tran]? Vol. XVII. mm. 20;. p.970. 5 E C T. The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. SECT. IV. CHAP. XXXIX. 0f tbe onion, garlick, roomméa, Ste. HE onion, (@d, [0 eall’d from fe- veral Greek words that import their offenfivenefs to the eyes, quad acu- lomm tzmicam, be. contra/algae mgat, lac/yawn: eliciendo. ‘The Oxford cata- logue fays it is a root of that great an” tiquity, and held in f0 great ef’teem by the antients, that they were faid to be deified in Egypt, (and juvenal alfo 341215. calls them a holy nation) that had their gods growing even in their gardens; but Herodotus fays truly of it, that there was ninety tun of gold fpent in that root whilft the pyramids were building, as Mr. Eveljn alfo obferves, in his flcetaria. Of kin to the onion, is parrum, the. leek; {o term’d, as Baa/sinus fays, quad porro eat, lange [ateque grqflmr. And unto the fame elafs alfo may be reduced album, the garliek; quad ob ingmmm redo/entiam itd dicimr, as our two learn— ed etymologifis, Step/9m: and Brown, have 2-0 5 2.06 The ‘Trafiical Kite/9672 Gardiner. have it ; tho’ * Mr. Ray differs from them. From all which fpring the par- rum féfiile, or tram-{planted leek, the efchallots, (afcalonz'tider) ab afcalone ju- dm oppz'doubz' maxime nafmntur, as Stra- bo witneifes; but which is yet of a mild- er and more delicate nature, the roccam— bo, call‘d by Mr. 733 la Quintinje, Spa- m'jb garlick. The Englijb Heréal: place all thefe feveral kinds under the different appel- lations abovementioned, tho’ they plain- ly belong to one and the fame clafs; and accordingly I {hall confider them. Of the onion, the cepa alba, rubm and fliflmzm'ca, are defcrib’d by Gerard, p. I 69. and by ‘Parlzinfon, p. 512.. and the por- rum, or pormm capitatum, headedleeks; as alfo the French leek, the porrum viti- gineum, the cfchallots, or afcalonitia’es, but the roccambo, or Spam/b garlick, a kind fomething differing from any of thcfe before-mentioned; is not fo much as mention’d in any of our books of plants that I have feen, and therefore may be fuppos’d to be brought from * Allium gar/[[1- quod exfiliendo crefcai. Rafi Hy}. ofp/mzrr, M. :1. (Imp. 5. p. 1125. 3 Spain, The Tram“! Kitchen Gardiner. Spain, Wthh was certainly its native country not long ago 5 but Varro (in his Geopom'cks, as Telammpiu: in his re- marks on Tlin], lib. zo.) fays, that if they are drefs’d and eaten with {alt and vinegar, they effectually def’troy worms, cap. 5. Which from the little fmall cloves that are in the head, and are like fo many little bulbs, I call allium Hiijml wm bulbz‘ferum. There are included like- wife in this accountI have given of oni- ons, (w. what we call chibouls, or by fome fcallions; which are only a dege— nerate onion, that will never head, of which nature (as one elegantly expreffcs it) has as it were mifcarried; they pro- duce upright lhoors and a great deal of green, but no bulb; the feeds are {0 like the onion, that it’s hard to dif’tim guilh one from the other. Thefe are ge- nerally planted out of the feed-bed at about fix or eight inches afunder, in fome fhady border, where they will ferve the common ufes of the boiler all the fummer, and, if they don’t feed, the winter too; but they {hould be fowed or planted thin, and water’d, for the rea- {ons that other herbs and bulbs of thefe kinds are To 207. 208 Of I135 T12: ‘Pmé‘r‘iml Kite/m: Gardiner. To the aforegoing kitchen bulbs, may be added river, one of the prettiefi little kind of onion or permanent garlick, or , ‘ rattle-leek, that our gardens are {urnilh’d with 5 it is the true porrum fhtitmm jun- cifllz’am of Cafim Baubimu, and the fl'bmzopmfin of Gerard, as Mr. Ray, in his Hzflor} of rPlants, alfures us. The, ufes and virtues of it (tho’ not in fo great a degree) are the fame with the other kinds; and it is propagated by parting or flipping, as will be more fully re- lated. ‘ Thofe who have wrote of the virtues f"/‘~’-‘“’5 Cfand vices of onions, {ya .tell us, that Mia/u. at the fame time that they are offcnfive to the eyes, they raife the appetite, cor- roborate the Roma-ch, cut phlegm, and profit the aflhmatical; and that as to their ohnoxioufnefs to the fight, it is imputable only to the vapour arifing from the raw onion when peel’d; which fome on the contrary commend for its purging and quickning of that fenfe. How many ways they are uled in pot- rage, boil’d in milk, Ptew’d, (Lev. con- cerns the ingenious cook, and need nor be taken notice of here. In Italy (fays my oft-quoted author) they frequently make The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; make a fallet of fcallions, cives and chi- bouls, with oil and pepper 5 and an ho- nelt laborious countryman there, with good bread, fair, and a little parfley, will make a contented meal with a matt- ed onion. And the fame may be {aid of France, Spain, Holland, éVC. where meat is not fo much el’tcemed. The Virtues of garlick (much ranker than the onion) is fuperlatively greater, giving a kind relifh to every thing where it is ufed, corroborating the fiomach, and cutting the phlegm; and in fhort, actuating and difcovering it {elf in all the oflices of life, health and firength; being the molt excellent peCtoral that grows in the garden; and faid to be ve- ry efficacious in all conjugal perform- ances. An antient gentleman, who had well experienc’d the truth of this, faid, he ufed to eat plentifully of the cloves of garlick with roaf‘t mutton and gravy fauce, that he might propa- gate his fpecies till he was fourfcorc years of age. To come to faé’t, a gen- tleman, a neighbour too, and that ufecl to frequent the agreeable ihades of [Vood- floclz, (now Blenheim) arrived to near an hundred and twenty years of age, with- P out 209 210 Of Itch, their pro— ptrtin good and éfld. The Traé‘z‘iml Kitchen Gardiner. out any Other phyfiek, or extraordinary- diet, than that of roal‘ted garliek, which he did under the embers, and fo eat it with butter and falt. But then indeed, thofe that fo eat ought as it were to ex- clude and divefi themfelves from the world, and all human fociety, at leait for a time. Having {aid fo much of the proper- ties of onions and garliek, I need fay little of leeks, efehallots, chibouls, roe- eambo, all of them participating, in a great degree, of the virtues and pro- lifick properties that the aforegoing herbs and roots do; nor need I expatiate how folemnly the antient Britons wear them on the firlt of [Marc/9, as enfigns of the refpeét they pay to the honour of their antient hero; becaufe they are, when boil’d, of much greater benefit to the pulmonaria or lungs, in all aflhmatical cafes. And it is {omewhere reported, that the orators of old, fuch as Cato, Tully, and the like, never went to the bar on any long harangue, or folemn debate, till they had eaten good {tom of the boil’d leek. But not to dwell too 1011:; on the properties, it is time we come to the feafons and manner of raif- ing thefe ufeful bulbs. Onions The Tmfiiml Kite/am Gardiner.‘ 21 t' Onions are rais'd from feeds fow’d Oftbez‘r at feveral times of the year, in order to”""§"§j have them always as young as you can;§,’,’f,’f m the firf’t is towards the middle or latter end of 51472144”, or the beginning of Feérztar], on an old hot-bed, when you fow for young carrots, radifhes, lettuce, «’97. but of thefe a bed three foot wide, and fix or eight foot long, is fuflicient; the next, and which is indeed the chief fowing of all, is in Marc/F7, when you ought to have at leafl twenty or thirty rood, for a large family, there being no root call’d for f0 much as onions are; they delight in the richeft and mofl: dungy foil you can {ow them in, love to be kept clean from weeds, and in order to have them large, fhould be well wa- tered, whichI am told, in flnda/ufla, (a confiderable province of Spain, where they have great quantities) they do by overflowing large traits and fields of oni- ons with water, as we do our meadows in England; and on thefe kinds of lands, in all probability, we might procure ex~ traordinary large ones here, as fome ex- pcricnce likewife confirms. Some other fowings may be made in {hady places, once. a month, all the fum- P 2 met, 2.12 7723 lee/1', it: time of fowing. The Traffical Kite/Jen Gardiner. mer, to have a few that are green and young. But there is another {owing which the gardiners efieem very much of, inafmuch as it furnilhes them with young green onions all the winter, and till fpring comes, and even then till the middle of April, till thofc {owed in yanuary or February come in to fupply them; thefe are call’d [Michaelmas oni- ons, and are fow’d at the fame time that the [Michaelmas carrots are, about the middle of 7140; and in all mild fea- fons, the beginning of Aggy/l will be foon enough. For onions, efpecially the main crop, the belt way to make them head well, is to draw a heavy roller over them, which breaking or bending the [talks and greens, Props the fap in its afcent, and dilpofes the bulb to {well the larger. Leeks are fown at the fame time that the main Crops of onions are; and you mull tranfplant them out in the months of 7141/ or Augufl, in moil’t weather, about fix inches afunder, in beds where you intend they {hall {land all the win- ter. They {hould be planted three or four inches deep, and fome there are that plant them in fingle rows in trenches, or T/ye Trafiical K itcben Gardiner; or fo as that they may be earth’d up with fine earth or fand, or cover’d with long dung, to make them white, which is of great ufe, and looks beautiful in foops or portage, And others, as Mr. deder has advifed, carry them inj to the green-houfe or confervatory, to have them ready all the winter, in the hardcft weather. Some of the largel’t and belt may remain, and be left [landing in thofe \beds all the winter, in order to feed the next year, which they will do plentifully. Shallots, garlick, roccambo and cives, are all propagated by dividing the cloves or bulb, whereof there are many in one year’s fianding, as there are of tulips; but roccambo is eafily propagated by planting or lowing the Cloves, bulbs or feeds, call them which you will, in [Wart/.7. A finer plant the garden does not produce, for all ufes where efchallots or garlick are ufed; which concludes all I have to fet down as to efculent r00ts, bulbs, 63‘6“. P 3 SECT. 213 214. Of the The Trafi‘iwl Kite/gen Gardiner. SECT.1V. CHAP. XL. Of Me skirret. H E skirret, flflzrum, (fays Mr. Eve— lyn) is hot and moif’t, corrobo- rating and good for the fiomach, ex- Ceeding nouriihing, wholefome and deli- cate, and of all the root-kind not fub- icét to be windy, and f0 valued by the Emperor Tiberius, that he accepted them for a tribute, and to be conveyed to him yearly from Galduéa cattle on the Rhine, as 73572], (lib. 16. cap. 5.) and others re— port. Etymologifis don't tell us why it is fo call’d, tho’ it is a root that Tim] and mof’t of the antients have made mention of; neither has time or experience brought any other to our knowledge but the one kind mentioned by Gerard, p.1026. and by Tanking/(>72, p. 945. under the name of flfarum, or fl/arum 'vzzlgzzre, common skirrets. If the fifer of Salim! be the flfamm ”‘7’“ of here mention’d, as it feems to be, it t'r skir- rt’f . has, according to that author, all the good qualities that can pofiibly be found in The Tmffiml Kitcbm Gardiner. 215 in a root. Telemmpius, from ‘Dioflo- rides, in his notes 011 boo/220. 6410.5. fays of it, that it is pleafant to the talk, good for the f’tomaeh, provokes urine, and Creates appetite, 61'. but is a lit- tle windy. Mr. Evelyn tells us alfo, that this excellent root is feldom eaten raw, but being boil’d, fiew’d, roaf’ted un- der embers, bak’d in pies, whole, flieed, or in pulp, is agreeable to all palates. And Hieronymus Herola’u: fays, that the women in Swe‘vizt prepare the roots for their husbands, and know full well why and wherefore. The skirret is raifed, both by feed aft/Jagg- and off- fets 5 dc former method is tiled/33’“! W" \\ he1e we are not poflefled of the lpe 720qu eies; but the latter method is the belt, skin-at: inalmuch as they extend themfelves in- to feveral parts in one fummer, the young roots being for tranfplanting, and the old ones, at leafi thol’e that are the largefi, and towards the middle, for ear- ing. The feeds of the skirret are to be {own affair”g in February or March, in a bed of goodWWtJ/y rich mold, three or four foot wide? and] ‘“ the feed being well raked in, and co- vered over with fine lifted mold, give it P 4. a gentle 3,15 The ‘Prafi'ical Kite/am Gardiner. a gentle watering or two, except it rains, andbeing come up, which it will in a- bout three weeks time, keep it fliil clear of weeds, and now and then a gentle _, watering, in the manner as will be taught in the chapter of watering fal- lets; and being kept well weeded, they will be fit to plant out about the begin- ning or middle of Aqu, which may be done with fuccefs by the method that will be by and by fet down for off- fets. offlopa— The belt way, as has been before in- gfl’l'g timated, for the propagating skirrets, is :ki rrrts 5} . t . . ,1? j,“ by off—fets, which are taken up in Alert/J, and the ofi-fets being parted from the old roots, and as many parts made of them, as there are flips that have r00ts to them, not letting any of the old ones remain, but only the freih fpringing fi« bres; you are. to drill with a large hoe of four or five inches deep, and if the ground is in any degree poor, put fome melon mold into it, and plant them five inches afunder; for if you plant them too thick, or above one flip in a place, they are {0 apt to encreafe, that they will fiarve one another; then keep them Well watered till their roots be full grown. The ‘Pmt‘r’z‘ml Kitchen Gardiner. grown. There fhould be ftelh earth of- ten laid upon them, to prevent the canker that is apt to infel‘t them ,- and as you want to ul‘e them, take them frefh out of the ground. Some there are that recommend a black moory land, as does Mr. Bradley, but whatever I have obferved of them is, that they love any fandy, loofe, rich foil, be it either black, reddifh or yel- low; and withalI find that a little {hade is very agreeable to them, if it be near or under the trees of any old garden or orchard, where fome of the glimmer~ ings of the fun may have entrance. SECT. III. CHAP. XLI. 0f the pamtoe, or battam. 'lfl‘h' E potatoe is another of the @727 or g/z’famm kind, call’d by fomc the flfarum Terzwz'anum, or skirrets of Tent, whofe nutriment being as it were between flefh and fruit, are of mighty noutifhing parts, and firengthen nature to a great degree, having been long the common food of the Spaniards, Itali- ans, Indians, and many other nations. As 2:7 218 Potatoes; their ori- ginal 11p- pal/anon. The Trafiionl Kitchen Gardiner. As to its original appellation, Ifind no footi’teps of it in any book I have feen; and for its kind, we find but one which palTeth under this name, and that is called fz‘fnrum Teruw'annm, jive bat- tntn Hi/jvanarum, Ger. 925. which is figured but with one root; which makes beyond difpute that it is not the fame that is cultivated with us; but that the next that follows in that laborious au- thor is that which is entitled, battam Virgininnn five Virgininnornm, Ger. 927. Virginian potatoes; called ali’o by the Indians, pnppns. This kind Bnnbz'nn: has referr’d to the folnnumr, and calls it, folannm z‘nberofum efinlentnm, in his Trodromm, p. 89. but C/ztfln: queflions whether it be not the nracbidnn of Theo- pbrnflns; but however that be, the lafl is the kind that is propagated by the D471, and from them, in a great mea— fure, by us here in England, and which affords fome of the whollbmei’t nou- rifhment of any root the garden pro- duces 5 tho’ there are others, it mul’t be confefs’d, of a fuperlative nature, fuch as the aforemention’d skirret, and con~ fequently fitter for the tables of the great than potatoes are. They The ‘Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner. 219 They are rais’d, as is well known, by How rm‘f their off-fem, which are generally very fid’fl’l’efli", numerous. They love a fandy rich roii,§2;f,2’£c’, or indeed any foil that is rich; though they will grow in poor, worn-out land, but not (0 large. The off-fets are plant— ed at about one foot afunder, in rows or furrows made with a hoe, or a dib- her or fetting-ftick. The great produce and profit that arifes from thefe roots, caufe many fields in and about London, and the Mfl, to be planted with them, as well as in Ireland, where they are the {ole food of many of the natives. But I am alfo told that they are excel- lent food for fox-hounds, and others; which if true may fave a great quantity of oatmeal, that is very expenfive; but doubtlefs, when they are boil'd and bruis’d to pieces in the liquor where the meat of great families is, it would be of much greater importance and nou— rifhrnent to the poor, which too often want (to the fliame of great perfonages be it fpoken) that which dogs eat. After they are drill’d in, which lhould be fome time in Aldrt'b, 0r beginning offlprz'l, they fhould be howed and kept clean 2.2.0 Their ap- fellatio/7;. Of tlv‘ X'Ilfldvj qf legumei. T be Y’rtzé‘z‘iml Kitchen Gardiner. clean of weeds. As little care as pofli- ble preferves this very ufeful root. SECT. V. CHAP. XLII. Of legumes, as flea/e, beam, &c. Egumes, the legumz'na of Servilz’m, ‘ or legumenm of Varro, compre- hend all thofe kinds of pulle that grow in a kitchen garden in fhells or cods; and are every day, when in feafon, gather’d by hand for the ufe of the table; be- ing, as fome authors tell us, {0 call’d from lego, or rather legendo (quad meme leganturs) in confequence to which Varro calls a gatherer of pcafe, beans, grapes and other fmall things, legzt/us, as it feems to have its derivation from the fame root. Agreeable to which al- fo, is that of Serevelim‘, in his Téeflzuro Greene Linguze, who deduces legumen and legumentum from the fame extrac- tion Of zédpwtlx, we! xedpwrc‘v, making U'UA‘ Aoysalg, legulus, to be a gatherer of le~ gumcs. Of legumes there are. but three difiinét genus's that are reduceable to this head.) ’Uiz. TIJe Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner: 22 t viz. the fake barren/i: 4154 (7 méra, .Gerzzrd, p. 1029. Tar/tinfan, p. 521. A‘with {ome other kinds, which will be mention’d in their proper places. The : pbafeolus of divers kinds, viz. the white, red, black, and party-colour’d kidney beans; but the mol’t numerous of all the legumes, is the pifltm, or garden peafe, fo call’d, as Mr. Ra] fets down, from *Tzfa, an ifland or country fituate between Ofla and Campus, where the)r grew in great abundance; all which dif- fer from one another either in the fize, fhape, growth, or colour of their haulm, cods, (94c. or in their earlinefs or late- nefs of ripening. All thefe legumes (except the phafeo- Seq/.0719? lus) are good ruliical hardy plants, and/mi”; may be {own in the open ground, with- out needing any other culture than be- ing howed, weeded, and earth’d, whilfi they are young, and before they begin to burnifh and cod. To the general culture of peafe, beans, Of n5; (yr. may be added alfo that of the foil/“1‘ fituation and alpeét, which tho’ they of- ’ Pil‘um .‘1 Pifa qua;- inter Olfam & Olympum copiofiiii— mi- naicitur. Rafi H212. Plant. 11'}. 18. rap. 2. p. 890. (C11 Tlae Trafiz‘ml Kitchen Gardiner. ten grow in open ground, and poor land, yet thole that are admitted into the gar~ den require (as experience tells) a gene- rous foil, and for the firl’t crop fuch as _ is free from fhade, and under tome? warm wall, reed-hedge, or other lhcl— ~' ter; all which will be found in its pro- per place. Ofafitzm- And fince we have jufl: now men- tf}flf?fl;~_tion’d the fituation, afpeet or expolure gmfg: proper for legumes, and other garden produce, give me leave to hint a little at what I judge eligible in this affair: The South-Bali afpeét is certainly the befl, becaufe the fun comes the ear- lieft thereon, and dries up and expells the mii’ts and dews; whill‘t the more Eafierly is always fubjec‘t to extream blites; and befides all, the fun leaves it too foon. The South, or South-VVel‘t afpefi, is not {0 good as the former, for thC rea- fons before hinted at, 1123. that of the fun’s not coming fo early on it as it does on the others; but then it {lays long thereon, and is good for all thofe kinds that are large, and are for a great crop, requiring much fun. 22 [J The T be Traflical Kite/yen Gardiner. The Weft apr& will do well enough for all crops in the decline of the year, but the North is the belt for all thofe legumes that come in in the great heats of the fummer; as alfo for all firaw- berries, rasberries, currans, (5?. which we would make to hold out late; but the feveral foils, fituations, dye. proper for a kitchen garden, are more largely explain’d elfewhere. S E CT. V. C HAP. XLIIL Of tbe éean. Tymologifls are not clear in the account they give us from whence the name of faba is derived. The labo- rious Brown and Stephens, editors of the Oxford catalogue, pafs it over without making one obfervation about it, tho’ fome dictionaries affirm it to be faérz, alias lad/m, (as hardy: and [aircm were in the antient dialeé’t fwd!“ and firms) de- riving it from the F452}, a nation or fa- mily antiently called Habiz'. And that precept of (Pjt/oagoms to his difciplcs, (ab/fine a} fabis) which commanded them to abltain from beans, is (as authors re- 4. late} [J 224. Sorry. Prapé‘r- ffc‘)‘ . Tbe ‘Pmé'i'ical Kitchen Gardiner. late) not to be taken literally, becaufe Tjt/mgoms himfelf was an eater of beans; but was fpoken rather in a comparative and myfiical fenle, forbid! ding them the ufe of women, from the fimilitude which beans have to their tef— ticular parts, that contribute fo largely to veneral embraces. There are three or four fpccies of beans that our Eng/2]?) Heréa/s have ta- ken notice of, viz. the faéa bortmfls (1/54 (’3' rubm, before-mention’d; the faba 129 mm fvefi/wf Gmwrum, Tar- kinflm, p. 1054.. the Greek bean, the fa- ba veterum fermtirfo/iz's, the Grade bean with dented leaxes; PJJZd. neither of them of any ufe in the kitchen; and the fabtz minor/filler]: the common wild bean; of as little ufe as the former: But later experience has dilcoy'ei"ti ma- ny more kinds, viz. the hotlpur, Gof- port or Spamfla, szdu 26/9, and broad Wind/(3r beans 5 with le\ cral other kinds. Thofe who have wrote of the \irtues of plants, allow \ery little to beans when they are young and green, being cold and moil’t, afi‘ording a kind of fpungy fubfiance, which how much {0. ever boil’d, are neverthelefs windy. 4. But The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner; 2 2 5 But experience teaches us that they are good food with meats of a more {ub- fiantial nature, and may be {aid when they are grown older and harder, to be the better for it, and to afford a mof’t excellent nourifhment to all who can digefi well. Beans are planted in many different Sea/am of 'feafons and times of the year, as thew/”’5”? can or ought to be calculated to fupply the table in as many different months as an induflrious gardiner can poflibly procure them to be. In order to have beans, as well as Proper peafe, in as many fummer months as ”7”” ”f fawmgand we can, they ought to be {own at dif being ,-,, ferent times, in ground that lies a littleperfef‘im warm, and if landy and light, the bet- ter 5 tho’ beans will bear on flrong land, and come forward there better than peafe. The full llalbn of planting is under a warm wall, or 1eed- hedge, in the mid- dle or latter end of Oflober; and from thence you may {ow three 01 four times, in about ten or twelve days difiance from each other; for if it be very mild weather before Clariflmar, the firlt fow- ing will grow too high to be earth’d up fo well as to preferve them all the win- Q ter, '26 Tbe Traé‘t'z'ml Kite/am Gardiner. ter, and then the hit fowed crops will be belt, for the reafon I have jufi now fuggefled; but if the weather {hould prove very hard, then the firli {owing will be belt, and the laf’t worth little. A fecond'fowing, bOth of peafe and beans, is under frames, or Other covers, jufl‘ after Cbrzflmm‘, which may be re- moved‘as we do cabbage plants, fome time in Februmy, if the weather be 0« pen and fine, or in the beginning of Marc/y, to make good any that have mifcarried in the firl‘t crop, or to plant out "for an entire new one; and thefe will come in very near as foon as thofe {owed in Oflober; for, however firange it may feem to fome, beans and peafe may be tranfplanted with the fame eafe, pleafure and certainty, as cabbage plants; this the French and ‘Dutcb have long 'experienc’d. And it is obfervable, that when this is the cafe, they do not run [0 much to haulm, as when they are on- ":ly fet in the ufual manner, and cod and bear much better. The next {owing (and which may in- deed be continued in {mall quantities, for early fucceflive Crops, once in twelve or fifteen days) is about the middle or - latter The Traflim! [Git/Jen Gardiner. latter end of ymmaty, under the belt lituated borders you have, which will lie quiet till the l‘everity of the weather is over, and then peep up and grow a- pace; and from thefe we often have our bcf’t crops, tho’ the lal’t method of {owing them under glals-ft‘anies, and then planting them out, is a molt ex; cellent way. . But the greatelt feafon of all is about a week or ten days after Cam/18mm, or y in warm foils, about Candlemas-day it felf; for by the time they peep up, the feverity of the ftofis are going over, and it is with them as with all other kitchen plants, the lefs they are baulk- ed and fiinted by cold weather, the better they beat and blow 5 though 'ttanl‘planting dil‘pol‘es them much to bear, but that cannot be done in large gardens. i To purfue the thread of thefc inflruce ti-ons; you are to plant, once in ten, or txyclve, or fifteen days, a few at a time, till the latter end of [Va], or be- ginning of yzme, which will fupply the table all the fummer, autumn, (7'6. till the frol‘t puts an end to all our endea- vours. , . . Q 2. I might 2 7 The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. Imight add a great deal in this chap- ter, concerning the methods to be ta- ken, in the prefervation and keeping of beans; but that will be found more particularly treated of in the next chap- ter, concerning the method of raifing peafe: But I mui’t not omit one particu- lar method of {owing or planting thefe legumes, and which will fervc for peafe as well as beans; and that is, the fow- ing or planting them on thofe ridges that are thrown up in mending the ground in @eceméer; let thofe ridges be trench’d up, and laid in full, or at right angles againit the fun, as it lhines in win- ter time; or rather early in the fpring, in February or March, at one or two a clock; and the trenches or piked ridges being as high as poflible, fow your peafe and beans on the funny-fide, about half way down the hill or ridge; and then that part of the hill or ridge that is on the backfide will preferve the peafe and beans, whili‘t young and tender, from thole cutting Eaficrly or North-Bait winds that difappoint us {0 often in thofe months; and the {lope below them will draw of the fuperfluous moii’ture from rorting them, and they will be the eafier earth'd The Trailical Kitchen Gardiner. earth’d up. And this method alfo ought to be ufed in cabbage plants. All that I {hall fay further upon this head is, that howing and earthing up often, during the winter feafon, is a great preferver of them againl’t all frofls and cold; as the topping of them, either with the {heers or one’s hand, difpofes them to cod the fooner and better; to all which, planting out when they are young con~ tributes likewife very much. SECT. V. CHAP. XLIV. Of garden paafe. HE garden peafe, by the Latins, pifum, are accounted by fome the molt genuine and \Vholefome food which the garden produces: Hippocrates and Galen, antient writers in botany, allure us they are not fo windy as beans; but they do not feem to intimate that they contain much nourifhment in them 5 however, when young, and gently boil’d, they are now very jul’tly accounted one of the greateft delicacies of the garden. They are fo called from the Greek word aura-w, which fignifics their readi- Q 3 nefs to In 30 fine ‘Prafiim/ K 275/9671 Gardiner. ncfs ln fhelling, barking 01 ba1eing, as the indullrious and learned Br .37; and Step/Jen: have it, p.144. of tl eit Oxford catalogue, agreeably to which Germ/1* has a kind which he calls, lei/hm excor- timmm, or peafe without skins, I" 1220. Baubinu: in 931mm,, ,0. 342. has pi um wezcarium frufiu nigro 4M4 mam/a 720-- tdtos which Tar/zin/brz allb calls, pzfum cordaimm e‘zfimrium. Other kinds there are in the works of the laborious ‘Par- kin/072 and Gen-1rd,:13 tl: c pz/imz mafia [five 170mm), la1ge rro cival peale; and pffum rlz'rzm f w amen/2’ , both kinds in Gerard,p.1219. and T..G p. 22. the pifum umérl/atum [we rofl 11m, Gerard, p. 1220. T. G. p. 522. the Scott/.7, or rofe peafe , to whic h are added, the pi- fizmfllmflre, and pzfltmpercnnefilwflre, neither of them of much we in the gar- den. But later experience has dil‘cover'd almof’t an infinite number of fpecies diftint} from each other, either in the color of their flowers, or {hape or good- nets of the peaie , as Ede; ard’: Greens, Flanders Barnes, long hotlpur peafe; grey, brown, green, white, roncival or large peafe; large white, {mall white, grey, and dwarfl'ugar peafe; egg, fickle. watch w-v‘ . The Tmfiz’w/ K Etc/Jen Gardiner. 23, t. fDutcb admiral, winged crown or role peale; to which may be added, the Reading, Spdmfi, Alumna, and marrow fat peafe, excellent good in their kinds. They are to be {own at different feaa Time; of Ions, as beans are, to which chapter 1/07“”? refer the reader; butthe kinds point out their ufe, in a great mealure, and at what time they fhould be fowed. The early hotfpur peafe for the firl‘t, fecond and third fowings, in 06706873 jammy! and Feéruar]; and all the Other kinds at various feafons in [Wart/9, flprz'l and May; but your commonefi peafe lal‘c of all, that they may endure the cold wea. ther in the latter feafon the better. The marrow—fat, fo called from its ex- traordinary marrow-like goodnefs) and fugar peal‘e, are accounted the belt, as the roncivals are the largefl; the dwarf pea is a good bearer; and the fickle pea (lb called from its crookednefs) may be eaten when young, as kidney beans are : They all require a good foil; but the roncival and flute/J admirals would re- quire a ground that is all dung. The pro- per feafon for each kind, with the times and method of {owing and prcfcrving them is as follows. Q 4. The 232 ‘fivztr (if Phi." fir- jet-3552;, The ‘Prafiiml Ki'trlmz Gardiner; The firl’t that you {ow in Ofioéz’r and yanuar}, fhould be the hotfpur kinds only. ’Thofe in jammy, or very early in Marc/.2, the grey, dwarf, egg, fickle, and Reading peafe; and for the general crop, about the 8th, 10th, or I Ith of Mart/J, the roncivals of all kinds, the marrow- fat, fugar peafe, and ‘1thth admirals; and for the lafl {owing of all, fome of the Reading marrow-fat, but the great- el‘t part of the hardy field peafe; which 13a {owing lhould be about Illidfitmmer, in order to have them (as Mr. ‘De la ,QI/imim'e obferves) about [ill/gallow— tide: But in the time and method of fowing, I have been to particular, in the chapter concerning beans, that little need be added in this place, one and the fame feafon for towing of peafe be- ing required, as there is for planting of beans. . To have them all the fiimmer, there needs nOthing, as experience lhews, but to fow them in different months, in ground that lies a little warm and forcing; towards London you may have them in the beginning of Alqy, and in other countries, the latter end of M4], or the beginning of j’zme; and {0 on, till the I latter The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. 233 latter end of Oé‘r’oéer, and in mild fea- fons later, if the frolls don’t come {0 foon to def-troy them. The firPt lowing is to be towards the D firm middle or latter end of 0670b”, under/£41m of j!) rung. fome warm South wall, where they may be {helter’ d in cale of ievere frofis 5 great is the difappointment of fowing that firfl crop, which is the reafon why we do all we can to preferve them. Some, and amongf’t the rel‘t Monf. we [a gluin- tinye, advifes the fieeping them in wa‘ ter for two or three days till they have lprouted, to make them come up the lboner; but this does not appear to be to neeeffary as at other times when great battle is required, as at the latter part of the fummer, when we are, by fome means or other, obliged to fow late, then fleeping is neeefiary, to acce- lerate their growrh; but the {leeping of them at fo late a feafon, and when the ground is by nature apt to be too wet and moifi of it felt, is not agreeable to that experience I have had in planting: But this I leave to the trial of others who pafs away much time in curiofities and trials of this nature. But 234- 77.23 Trafiiml Kitcbm Gardiner. But to preferve this crop after they are firft come up, you are to hoe up the earth on each fide of them, to as that the tops may but juli appear above ground, which done, and thinking they will not grow any more that feafon, lay tome fine cole-afhes or {ea—{and upon the lit- tle ridge you have made with your hoe, and after that, except you have a cover made like a hog’s back, of reed or bee- hive i‘traw, lay fome clean wheat-fltaw {o as that they may be covered all over; and in cafe that any [new falls, when it is over fhake it ofi", and pull all the firaw away, and then lay on more that is clean, and if it’s poflible dry the old well and then lay it again, becaufe it’s the {now that fpoils the peafe and beans as much as any thing; but when they come to grow high, and above the ridge that you make with your hoe, it is a kind of misfortune that can’t be remedied by a- ny thing but thofe hog—back’d coverings 5 nor indeed fcarce then neither: for if the firfi part of the winter has been {0 mild as to draw them up long, we {hould rather be provided againfi it by planting anorher 'Crop a fortnight or three weeks after, which being low and thug, and 4 , cover'd The Trafiz'ml Kitchen Gardiner. cover'd up by the coal-afhes or {ea-(and, as before, will be in a furer way of {landing againf’t the feverit‘ies of the win. ter than thofe that are taller, and appear fironger. Mofs, if to be had in quanti- ties, is of all others the belt for a good preferver of them, the coal-afhes or fea- fand being under them, as before-men- tioned. There is another method that is liked well, for the preferving of pcafe and beans in the winter, and that is the trenching in fome long dung, flraw or thatch, into the borders where you in- tend to plant or low peafe or beans, for this keeps the ground hollow, and draws off all the fuperfluous moifiure that is apt to rot the roots or fibres of peafe and other pulfe. I mufi not omit to acquaint my reader, that peale, as well as beans, \xill tranf— plant in about a month or fix weeks af- ter they are fown; on which account it is that you may {ow them under frames and glafles early in the month of 74- mmr}, and fometimes in Feéruagy, if the weather be fair, or rather in the begin— ning of Marc/9, you may tranfplant them out under reed-hedges, or in warm bor— ders, 2'35 U: 6 The Y’raflieal Kite/am Gardiner. ders, where the foil is good, in order to repair any that have fail’d in the Oc- tober fowing, taking care at the fame time to earth them up, and cover them with clean firaw, mofs, é'c. whilfi they have {truck root. S E CT. V. C HAP. XLV. Of the phafeolus, or kidney been. HE [Illa/201115, or kidney bean, is the (paw—éoA@~ of ‘Diofiorz'der, or fhorter, the gooéanACQ- of zitbemezzr, [0 called from the refemblance the pods have to a certain boat or {hip that was built (as we find it in Sabrevelz'us) in Tim- felis, a city of Tampbflia. It is by 0— thers call’d, alas/Aug xnvm'm, the garden fmi/zzx, (quad (alien/2': datum/4mm 2'71— flar prop/719m} fruflieibzrs fefe implicat) lay the learned Stephens and Brown, in their Oxford catalogue, p. 740. Of this pkg/2mm: there are feveral {pe- cies, that differ from one another in colour, tho’ generally of the fame fliape, “are. the p/Jq/eo/us alerts, or white kid- ney bean; pbafllolus m'ger, or the black kidney bean; and the Pbafeolztsfiw fmzl [rm The Trafiical Kite/am Gardiner: 237 ’ lax barteafl: rubra, a red kidney bean; all to be found in Gerard, f. 12 12.. Gerard has alfo made the fame head the fmz'lax bortenfz‘s flaw, or the pale kidney bean; with three or four forts of the pbafeolu: peregrinus, of different fizes and colors, which he borrows from C/afms; and Bauhaus in Tim. p. 34.0. adds Others, of various colours, under the general term or title of, plea/20124: variegatus diverfarum fpecierum, or par— ty-colour’d kidney beans, of divers kinds. At prefent we chiefly fowand plant the old white kind; tho’ the black, red, yel- low and party-colonr’d eat very well: And of this pbafeolu: it may be truly faid, there are more diverfity of fpecies, than of any other garden plant we have tranfmitted to us from foreign parts, and endenizon’d in this our feverer climate, tho’ mofl of thefe are kept in fioves and other warm places, their tranfportation and admiflion into this ifland being ge- nerally owing to that great lover of gardening, the Right Honourable, and Right Reverend Doctor Henry Compton, l‘ome time fince Lord Bilhop of London. To proceed in the properties of the PNIWW kidney, method of railing, and the like; thofe 2‘3; 8 Raf/irzg. T/aeTrZzfiiml Kite/.7672 Gardiner. rhofe who have wrote of it fay, that the fruit and pods, when boil’d together and :butter'd, don’t engender wind, as other pulfes do; .that they give a gentle relaxation to the ventricles, provoke urine, and create good and laudable blood; but fhould be eaten whilfl they are young and green, and tenderly boil’d. The railing this very ufeful legumen to the perfeétion it now is, has not been known (at leal’t not praétifed) till of late, there having been no other feafon for fowing or planting it (fincc the time I my .fclf have had experience in garden works, which is now about twenty four or twenty five years) but only in April; whereas we now begin {owing them in yanumy and February, and fo hold on at equal intervals of time, once a month, till the latter end of May, or beginning of jaw. The firfl fowing is on the back of your frames, or earliel‘t ridges and hot- beds for afparagus, melons or cucum- bers, about the middle or latter end of yammry, or beginning of February. The manner of fowing and planting is fo ealy and [0 well known, that I need nOt enlarge upon it; but as thefe beans The Traffiml Kite/yen Gardiner. beans will foon come up, if you {ow them pretty thick, which you ought to do; they may be pull’d up in the thick- eft places, and tranfplanted abroad un- der fome warm wall, or reed hedge, and in fome of the richef’t foils you have, even between your new-planted peach or‘apricock trees, and giving them the fame covering as was allotted for your early peafe and beans, you may expect the fame fuccefs, frofiy weather being the only thing del’truétive to them. But to return to thofe that are firl’t fow’d at the back of your ridge of me- lons, cucumbers, (76. there let them (land till they flower and bear, which if fow’d early in ‘7ammry, will be about the middle or latter end of Marc/9, at which time they make acurious and ex— cellent difh. The next {owing may be about a month after the firl’t, in the fame man- ner as before, taking away all that are fuperfluous, and planting them againi’t {ome warm wall, and under a good Go. yer, as before fet down, Another fowing may alfo be made about the beginning of [Wart/a, under fome good warm wall, or reed hedge, , 1n 240 The Trailiml K itclzm Gardiner. in the open ground, and (0 near the hedge that they may (agreeable to their own nature) climb, up and hold fafi of it. The great {owing of all is in the be- ginning of 4077'], at which time a more ordinary foil, and a much more indif- ferent treatment than any yet mention- ed, will be fuflicient; tho’ thus much niufi be intimated, that there is no plant in the garden requires a finer richer foil than kidney beans do; which ought to deter any body from planting them on a finbborn clay, or on a poor, penurious gravelly foil, but only lirch as is in its own nature of a generous diipofition, or otherwiie cultivated and improved by labour, good foil and dung. The two lait fowings are in the be- ginning of 111m and jam, for thoie that are delirous of having them lafl all the iummer, and till late in the autumn; but there is a large kind that grows al- mol‘r as high as hops do, and are [up- ported by poles in the fame manner, which running up to very high have a fuccelhon of new pods always upon them, till after [Vic/240177245, tho’ {owed in flp'z'l; this kind I fome years ago procur’d The Trafr’z‘ml Kite/am Gardiner. 241‘ procur'd from Holland, and are now to be had in many places, particularly at a place to which I firl’t fent them, I mean the Lord szz‘izgséy’s at Hamptm-Court in Hercfardjbire. The manner of fowing, or rather planting kidney beans, is two ways, either in drills as we do peafe, or in round hills as we do hops, and the laft is the belt way for the large kind juf’t mention’d; be it which you will, they ought to be fet in fair weather, and when the earth is driell, or they will be apt to rot on account of the thin- nefs of their skins : For which reafon it is well to open the holes or drills to lay them drying, in all dry, windy, fun- fhine weather; and if the. ground is poor, to put well—confum’d dung at the bottom of the holes; and under that, rotten, butter-like dung, for the roots to run in. Concerning the culture of kidney 0f 3,5,7. beans, there is not much to be laidflflfim 01" after they are well planted as before di- 52,? i'eéted; if they are tranfplanted from feed-beds (which may be done as well as you do cabbage plants) they fhould be watered till they have taken root ,- but - R the [I 4. (J The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. the greatei‘t ufe that culture is to thefe plants, is howing or earthing up; and this truly is the all in all, the only fe- cret that attends the guidance of this plant, and all other legumes, for that it not only keeps them fieady, but alfo {ecures the r00ts (yet tender) from the frol‘c of winter, and the heat of fum- mer; but more than all, that they draw new roots by that earthing up, which is of fingular advantage to them. It is to be nOted, that kidney beans, as well as peal’e and other beans, tranll plant very well; by which means you may fill up any vacancies in your main crop, with plants out of your frames or nurfery-beds. SE CT. VI. C HAP. XLVI. df unboi/‘d or raw fallen. E are now arrived to the fixth lbftioxr, which treats of all thole unboil’d herbs and acetarizz, or raw fal- lets, which on account of the variety of the ipecies that are contained therein, the different manner and feaibns of fowing, Tbe ‘Pmflz'ml Kitt/mz Gardiner: rowing, various ufes, and different me- thods of collecting and drefling, may well be reckon’d amongl’t the molt cua rious, if not the molt ufeful part of kitchen gard’ning. Thofe who would criticize on the word acetaria, would have it derived from accepmria ab acczpimdo; thereby, it is fuppofed, implying its readinefs, ufefulnels and acceptablenefs to the pa- late, and as requiring little or no trou- ble in collecting, drefling or boiling; fomething agreeable to what * ‘De/amm—- pius, in his annorations on le'm', fets down, who fuppofes it to be acetaria ‘vel malaria, becaufe they require little or no care; even as honey which flows of its own accord, and is not procured by any diligence of the owner, is called acedm. Whatever the derivation of it be, there are about thirty or forty fpecies that are by fome learned naturalifts appropriated to this purpofe. Of which, befides thofe * Aeetaria vel acedaria qua: exiguam vel nullatn cu- yam pofeerent, fie mel quod fponte fua fluxit nee cura- toris diligentia expreffum elk, acedon dicitur. De/ammfi minor. in Plin. lib. 20. rap. 5. R a that 2+§ 424+ Tho Traétiool Kitchen Gardiner; that are already treated of, there are a4 bout thirty kinds that are very u‘feful; ten whereof are thofe that are to be whited or blanched, and the rei’t eaten green; and two claffcs of thefe are like- wiie fubdivided into two others, I mean thofe that are biennial or triennial, lati- ing two or three years, or more, only cutting them down, and drawing frefh leaves; of all which I {hall fet down a lift or catalogue, which, with fome {mall alteration, is the fame that was deliver’d to the Royal Society, by that right noble and melt learned enquirer into nature, Mr. Robert Boy/o. SECT. VI. CHAP. XLVH. A lift or catalogue of the fiverol horh: proper to he ufod in fol/eta, with their manner of proparmg I. Sallary, two kinds.‘ . Alifanders, or A14- cedonion p ariley. I) Thefe to be tied 3. Fennel. > up. 4. Succory. l 5. Endive. The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner. 6. Cofs or gofs‘ lettuce. 7. Rom-m ditto. 8 Silefla ditto. 9. Imperial dztto. IO. Allfortsofcab- bage lettuce. Mint. ‘ 11. 12. 13. I4. 15. Tarragon. Sage. Cives. Onion, and chibouls. Burner. Rocket. Sorrel. Creflbs. Rampion. Corn-fallet. Turnep. Hartlhorn. Mufiard. Cherville. Spinage. Lopplettuce. 28. Purflane. 29. Naflurtian. 30. Cucumbers. 16. I7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.. 25. 26. 27. JL Y '> Id 5' > ) Thefe to be tied up . with bal‘s mats to blanch, or other- wifc pome or blanclrtllerllle1ves. The leaves and tops to be eaten, and. the young lhoots cut while very young, green and tender. Thefe to be cut as foon as out of the ground, being ve- ry young and ten- der, and in the feed leaves.- ,R 3 All. '24; 246 The Trafliml Kitchen Gardiner; All which I {hall treat of in the or— der that they are fet down in the above- faid lift. SECT. VI. CHAP. XLVIII. Of filler], algfanderx, fennel, fizccory, endive, and other fal/et herbs that are whitmd or blanched. ' F all the herbs for falleting that are blanched, the fellery, or apium Ita/imm, (of the petrqfi’h'ne family) as Mr. Eve/fl; phrafes it, is the chiefelt and bell". It was not long ago a flranger with us in England, (as that elaborate author obl‘erves) and not long very well known in Italy it felf, that now boai‘ts of the honour of its original and produ&i0n; being for the molt part accounted no other than a generous fort of Almeria- m'mz parfley, or finallage, and fo I have eonfid'ered it. The apium, comprehending the whole lift of the perm/2112726 family, is {0 term- ed (as the learned Stephen: and Brown {Ct down, 00mm 0678 Tag U'EAijl'l/iig) from that *hmary efi‘eét it is faid to have " Vid. Cara; qur 8mm. QM». p.18. “P011 Tbe Trafiiral K itcbea Gardiner. upon its eaters. It does nor appear, by what the writers on plants of our own country have fet down, that the Italian fellery was (0 much as known by them at the time that Gerard and Tarkiafon wrote, unlefs the apium paluflre elm/é- linum five paladapz'am, the marfh parll ley or fmallage of Gerard, I" 1014. or of Tar/zinfon be it; which 1 fuppolb not, becaufe there is a kind growing wild with us that feems to belong to their delcriptiOit mOre than this, which they tell us grows wild with us upon the banks and falt marfhes of Kent and E]1 fax. But however thefe things be, they are all of them mofi excellent herbs, when eaten either raw or in fallets when whitned, participating of a lovely aro- matick talie, between hot and dry, as garden parlley is, and in all things as good or better, when eaten with oil, vinegar, falt and pepper, for its high and grateful tafle is ever placed in the middle of the grand fallet at great mens tables, and praetors feafls, (as Mr. Eve- {yn remarks) but our wild finallage is eaten raw, being not counted good in fauee, as Gerard witnefl‘eth. R 4, Sellery q 47 248 foeflmy. ”The Traffiml Kitchen Garagaefl Sellery (others Celery) is ahllet pro: duced by feeds, but its general ufe is de- ferred till the end of autumn, or the beginning of winter, and is continued quite through the whole winter feafon; which occafions (fay all authors that have wrote on this part of gardening) that the {owing is at two feveral times, but I advife three, as follows; the firit is fome time in February, or the begin- ning of March, on an old hot-bed, which will fupply you with enough to plant a nurfery bed of about fix foot long, and four foot wide, and that will be more than enough in the largefi plan—- tations, the ufe of it being chiefly in loops and portage, and for fome few gentlemen who are extreme lovers of it raw, in flugufl, and the beginning of Septemécr; but all kinds of fellery be» ing apt to run to feed, a little, as was before faid, will be filflicient for the firfi fowing, to precede another {owing that ought to be in the beginning of flpril; the (melt method of traniblanting it, in order to make it grow {trong and ilocky, and to burniih well at the bot~ tom (which is a very eflential quality to this plant) is the tranfplanting it into a mu Tbgfl’mfiiml Kitchen Gardiner. 249 a nurfei’ffibed, as has been before hint- ed, at about two or three inches, fays Mr. ‘De la .Quintinye, but I rather advife four or five inches, for the reafons be- fore obferv’d, viz. its firength and Proc- kincl‘s. I tranfplant my firl’t fowing a- bout the beginning of A14], my fecond at the beginning of 711723, and the lafi, being the main crop which is defigned for the winter, about the beginning of fflzly; and in about three weeks or a month’s time (more or lefs, according as the feafon is) after they are [0 tranfplant- ed into the nurfery bed, trenches are to be made, and the fellery planted out of thofe beds thereinto; the manner and method of which, and how it is to be whitened and prefcrved, we come to next. In {ome proper day, about the begin— Of the ning of 51mm, 31147 or Augufl, choofe “TM/jg out a piece of ground, more or lefs, ac-Zfigugft‘ cording to the quantity of fellery you/ellery- have, or rather according to the large- nefs or fmallnefs of the family. The two firi’t crops are generally fer between the afparagus or the artichoke beds, where there muf’t be a trench or trenches dug, one foot wide at leaf’t, and one foot 3 ’ and 250 The Traflioal Kitchen Gardiner. and a half deep, or more 5 and if the ground is not extraordinary good and dungy already, fill up about IlVC or fix inches of the trench with good rotten dung again, which will make your fel- lery very rank and large, (an efl‘ential quality to its goodnefs) and watering it well, there let it i‘tand till it be a foot high, and then take the opportunity of a fair fine day, to begin tying and earth- ing it up, with the earth that had been thrown out of the trench, when the fellery was firfi planted there; but you mull not earth it all up at one time, but as the fellery advances in height, from five or fix inches to a foot, 21 foot and a half, or two foot, put up fomc more fine earth or fand to it, {till tying it cloie with mat bands to keep the earth from running into the heart or middle, and fo endangering the rotting of it, which yet is nor f0 bad as endivc, by which means you will have a fine crop of fel- lery. The beds for the firl’t and {econd crop can’t be leis than twenty or thirty yards, but the lad ought to be at lead an hundred, in all tolerable families. The lal’t, or main crop of fellery {hould nor be all tranfplanted out atone time, I I tho’ The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. 2 5 I tho’ it be from the fame nurfery bed; but the largel’t plants fhould be taken flrfl, and after them the next fize, and fo to the laft; for this hundred yards running of fellery {hould be planted at leaf’t three or four different times, a part of it once every week or ten days; by which means the fellery, which is of its own nature too apt to run to feed after it is planted, will come one row after another. \Vatering of fellery is likewife of great waqh’re fervice to it; in the firlt place, making :f’g 16m" it grow grofs and great, and confequent- y. ly {hort and good; and in the fecond, as it keeps it the longer from running to feed. We have two kinds of this fellery, which undoubtedly both came from Italy, but the laii is the belt kind, cfpecially for the firfi crop, and grows in a pretty manner, and is therefore call’d the Italian fellery; the Other is a native, at leal’t now made a deunifon of that climate. Sellery will whiten in three weeks time after it is {0 earthed up; at which time you will, Ithink, have one of the beft produces of the garden, and that you may enjoy it the longer, as (con as ‘ 7' ’ the 252 Meecdo- nian puff- by, Hall- hinders, t/Jt‘ profil— £112.70}! (ill! ,4: xxx/r. Tbe Trafiz'cal Kitchen Gardiner; the firft fruits come, cover it all over with long dry wheat firaw, which mutt be thrown by as you dig or take it up, and 4‘ after Cbriflma: take up all that remains as yet undug (at leaf’t fuch as is de- fign’d for falleting) being the belt and r. u find: of it, and carry it into the con- ' fervatory or greenhoufe, and having a1- 1'eady, prepared fome very fine dry fand, lay it there in rows, [0 as not to touch one anorher, and for the reft it may re- main and take its chance abroad, as to feeding, dye. which for foup is not fo prejudicial as falleting; a note that all gardiners do or ought to make. As for feed for the next year, any of the plants that remain all the Winter will make good feed, as will alfo thofe that are fow’d early in the {pring, all in one year. [Macedonian parfley, or alifandm, the petrofdinum Ill/(cadmium wrum, or true parfley of Illacedonia, Gerard, 1016. the belt of Winter fallets, which mull be whitned like wild cndivc or fuccory, as it is before directed, in 565?. IV. that is to fay, the feed is to be {own in the {pring pretty thin, becaufe it produces a great many large leaves. At the end or The True-Wm! Kite/gen Gardiner; 2 53 :of autumn all the flalks and leaves are r to be cut down, and then cover the bed again with long dry dung, or flraw- [ fcreens, fo clofe that the frol't may not 1- come at it, by which means the new leaves that fpring forth will grow white,- yellowilh and tender. It wou’d feem a little flrange that this plant {hould be no more ufed, were it not that the fellery, its near relation, was [0 great a rival to it; but it has this to recommend it, that'it partakes of al- molt all the good qualities of fellery, and will, by the treatment before fet down, lal’t much longer before it runs to feed; which may not be difpleafing to thofe that love to eat this fallet long in the fpring. Fennel ,fwmculum, may well be brought Offcmzel. into rank 1n this chapter, on account Dof its being {omething akin. Our herbalil’ts maintain two kinds, the fwniculum vul- gare, and the fwm’culum duke, the com- mon and fweet fennel, Gerard, p. 1032. They are borh rais’d by feed only, which is pretty fmall, longifh and oval, bunched and fireak’ d with greyifh flreaks. It is fown, as molt other feeds are, in [Wart/7 A curious 254 Tin Trafiiml Kin/Jen Gardineri A curious gentleman who has been abroad, recommends a very fine kind of fennel that grows in the gardens at Naples, that has a higher tai’te and more fhort than either the fellery or ali/‘nn. dart, and net quite {o aromatick and fweet a taite as the fweet fennel; in fhort, the account given of it will, I think, fufliciently recommend it to the curious to endeavour to propagate it. This ingenious gentleman afl'ures me he has tried it in England, from feeds brought over along with him, and all the fault he can find is, that it is very apt torun to feed, but the often tranil planting and keeping it well watered, may, in all probability, obviate fuch a misfortune in this, as well as it hath done in other herbs of the fame nature. SECT. VI. CHAP. XLIX. Of the garden factory, endi‘ve, 'c, HO' fuccory and endivc might well have been deferred in this account till we had arrived to the firth feétion or clafs, which treats of fallet» ings, it being one of the befi that is for Tbe Traflieal Kite/Jen Gardiner." for that purpofe; yet fince it is ufed fometimes as a royal fallet, and that fuc- cory is ufed no other way, I thought it proper to infert it here, that there may be norhing wanting under this head for the boiler, whether defigned for foups, ragows or broths, as well as the others that are for eating with meat, and the like, Tho’ writers of botany have no where, as I have read, f0 much as guefs’d at the etymology of this plant call’d fuc- cory, being the eieborium of the anti- cnts; yet we find two kinds that have had a place in our Herbals, that are raif— ed in gardens, and ufeful in the kitchen, and they are the eieborium fati'vrmz flare caraleo, and the eiebariumfati'uam flare 41/20, the blue and white leav’d garden fuccoryfp. 282. of Gerard, and 777. of Tarkinféa; both which are at this time cultivated in our gardens. Mr. E‘veb'rz (rays of it, that it is an iatube erratic, and wild with a narrow dark leaf, dif- ferent from the fative or garden kind ; but our Herbals, as above, make two kinds of that which is rais’d in gardens, and two kinds that are wild, without reckoning endive, which is alfo an in- tube, 255 .35 6 The ‘Pmfiical Kilt/Jen Gardiner. 2 tube, rais’d after the fame manner, and apply’d to the fame ufes and purpofes in all emulfions, broths, be. ‘ Ofrrzdic'c- The endive, ma’z’vium, or endi‘vz'a fa— f; tiva, may be \jul’rly, for the [6310118 a- 2 bovemention’d, brought into this clafs; 7; there are, fay the botaniils, of this kind two fpecies that books of plants take notice of, and they are the endiw'a, or infirm fariva, of Gerard, p. 282. and of Tarkinfm, I). 774. the endiw'a crifpa of Gerard, p. 282. and of Tarkinforz, p. 49 5. the garden and curl’d endive; both of which are ufcd with great cf’teem by cooks, whether Franc/J or Eng/2'17). 0f tr}? Succory, when it is yet green, is f0 PNW’M bitter that there are but few can eat it qf/urmry _ . ‘ m/dmdia'c. raw; yet when it’s a little cdulcerated‘ with fugar and vinegar, is by fome, efpe- cially the Franc/9, Italians and Spaniards, eat raw ,- but is more grateful to the flomach than the palate. The/endive, the largel‘t and tenderefi leaves being whitened and well boil’d, eat agreeably 5 tho' we generally eat them raw, and in winter, as imparting an agreeable bit- ternefs to fallets at that time of the year. It is naturally cold, and therefore profitable for hot fiomachs, incifive and opening The Trafiieal Kite/am Gardiner. 2 57 opening all obfirué‘tions of the liver, but the curled is the 1110?: delicate, being eaten alone or in compofitions. It is excellent good boil’d, the middle part of the blanched flalk feparated eats firm, and the larger leaves are by many, and that with good rcafon, preferred before lettuce. All forts of them agree tolerably well Sail mm’ with all kinds of foil (as Mr. ‘1)elzz‘i“"'”"“‘ glarintiiaye oblErves) but a rich [oil a- grees with them the befi, and fuch as is a little light and fandy, as experience teaches; and they are lbwn about the middle of May, but thinly, that you may have room to come about them to tie them up; or they may be planted out in rows under fome good wall, at about eight or ten inches afunder; but of thefe there need not be many, be- caufe their ul‘es as yet are not {0 great as they will be hereafter. The main feafons for fowing it is at Smfm. the latter end of fame, and during the whole month of ]ul], in order to have tome good for fpending in September, which is the firl’t month they are eat with any great guft, being ufed chiefly in foupes, with the firft fellery that comes 1n. 253 The Trafiical Kite/am Gardiner. in. And then again, in the month of flugufl there is anOther great crop (own, which is to lafi all the other autumn ’9 \ months, and, being carried into the, confervatory, all the winter. When endive comes up too thick (as was iuf’t now mention’d) the bell way is to hoe or eat it up, or take the fuper- fluous plants to replant in another place, as before direfied; but it mufi be re- membred that it ought to be well wa- tered, efpecially in all hot weather, and as it grows large to tie it up with bafs mats to whiten it, tho’ not all together, but fome one time and fome another, as occafion requires, it being apt to rot when it has been long tied up, but be- ing f0 tied, it whitens in fifteen or twen- ty days, and lets; but it mui‘t alfo be noted, that you lhould chufe a fair day for that work, clfe it will be fubjeét to rot; and as it is a plant that is very ap- prehenfive of the froll, as foon as ever cold weather begins to come on, it ought to be cover’d with long dung, being firfl {anded up with fome rich fine (and, or fine mold, and when white, taken up and carried into the confer— vatory, as before—mention’d. 3 If Tée Tméflml Kitchen Gardiner. If any of the plants can be preferved during the winter, which it is eafy e- nough to do, they mul’t be tranfplanted again in the fpring, to produce feed the next year; or you may clap fome frames, bell-glaffes, or other coverings, to fe- cure it againl’t fevere frof’ts. Wild endive, or fuccory, is fown at the very beginning of [Wart/J, pretty thick, and in ground well prepared; we endeavour to fortify it, and by watering to caufe it to grow big in the fummer, that fo it may be fit to whiten in the winter. The method to whiten it is to cover it up with a great deal of long dung, having firft cut it clofe to the earth; by which means being forced to fpring up (fays Mr. @314 Quintinje) in obfcurity, and {haded from all light, its young {boots grow white and tender; the belt way of doing this being by props, crofling from fide to fide, to keep the dung from touching it, fince it {hoots up in fuch an open manner, fo that care be taken to {hut up the paflages on all fides, that little or no air or light can get in 5 and being thus order’d, its {boots are much cleanlier, and lefs fubjeéi: to talk of the dun". There are fome peo- S 2 p16 Q A! 59 fl 60 The ‘Pmé‘t’ieal Kiteberz Gardiner. ple that eat its {hoots in fallets, when young and tender, but the reaioii 1 re- commend all this care about it is, that being hardier than endive, it will {up- ply its place after that is gone; and be- ing in lbme warm obfcure place, will i'prout even in the winter, thus fecured and taken care of. To the endivc and fuccory, might be added the arrach, orrach, or orrage, ve- ry ufeful in all fallets; but in regard there are to many kinds that are better, I {hall at prcl'ent omit it. SECT. VI. CHAP. L. Of tlée lettuce, and other cooling fallen. Ettain it is, that the lettuce, or let- tuce, is one of the moft ul‘eful herbs the kitchen garden produces; be- ing its called from that * abundance of milky juice it affords to its eaters. Tit- m/ (at the beginning of his 3‘h Chapter, [11}. 19.) remarks, that the antient Greek: had but three kinds, which they dii’tin- . u 'A ~ * Lat-tum a laé‘tis copra, gr. 353an quod tota herba ht fetclolia. Canal. H211. 8:3..‘21. Oxm. C. 89. guilh’d T139 Tméi‘z‘ml Kite/71m Gardiner; 261 ; gui'hd by the fhape and colour of their le .1\ es, which di 1*ereg‘1 111, 111 one another, innetimcs \\h1tc, Ionietimes 1ed, as the 154112111 differed; but after them, the more miecnt in their enquiries have found 12:3: more kinds, as purple—leav’d, curl’d, Some of the bePt of our Eng/U71 firm-5dr, and books of gardening, have mug: ago given the figures and defcrip- tions 01~ three or four forts, viz. the 34:71ch fati-va, or garden lettuce of Ge- rard, p. 206. of ‘Par/zz'nfon, p. 812. lac- tum crg’fim, or curled lettuce, Gerard, p. 306. 'P. G. 498. [4671164 capimm R0- 772mm, red Roman lettuce, GerardJ). 309. befides fome Other kinds of wild lettuce. But later experience, and the catalogues of the moPt eminent amonglt our feeds- men, have now added thereto the fol- lowing kinds, which dif’fer all from one anorher, either as to the lhape of the leaf, earlinefs of coming, or hardinefs to endure this our cold and uncertain climate, viz. Silefla, Arabian, red and white Roman, gofs or cofs, brown, Tutcb, red SpanzL/b, common cabbage, ‘Dutc/a cabbage, Capuc/ain, Saw], Alep- po, and Lombard]; all of them excel- lent in their kinds, though all their va~ S 3 rieties N . The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner: rieties are feldom {owed in any one place. 7312);)! and others that have wrote of -I‘ its virtues, {peak of it as being by na- ture one of the molt cooling refreihing herbs that is, and confequently grateful to the fiomach in the heat of fummcr, caufing an appetite and digef’tion; but was more particularly ufed by the an- tients (as the learned flelacampius, in his annotations on Tliny, aifures us) towards the latter end of their feafis, that it might expel hard drinking, and thofe grievous pains in the head that attend it, accord- ing to that of Martial, C laudere qtm arms lafiucafo/cbat avorum, Tic 77227.72, cur noflras inc/mat z'lla dapes. Some indeed complain of its foporife? rous quality, calling it, in a metapho~ rical fenfe, the mortuorum ciéz', on ac- count of its conciliating quality, and the fiory of fldonis his fad mifirefs; but dutor flIore’ti, as the aforemention’d Welammpim notes, allows it a much better title, who calls it, Grataque flobilium, requies 14671164 ciéamm. And The mefiiml Kitchen Gardiner; And Suetonim, in his life of Aggy/fur, :as does alfo Tim], in his aforemention’d ;account of this herb, gives an elabo- rate encomium of its excellence in the curing that prince of a dangerous {ick- nefs, for which it was faid that he ereét- ed a flame, and built an altar to it. And (as Mr. Evelyn obferves) it ever was, and {till continues to be the prin- cipal foundation of the univerfal tribe of fallets, which is to cool and refrefh palates, befides its other properties, and was therefore in fuch high efieem amongft the antients, that divers of the Valerian family dignified and ennoblcd their name with that of the Laflucz'nz‘. _ It is indeed of a nature more cold \and moif’t than any of the rePt of falletings are, yet lcfs afiringent, and fo harmlefs that it may fafely be eaten raw in fevers, for it allays heat, bridles choler, extin- guilhes thirft, excites appetite, kindly nourifhes, and above all, repreffes va~ pours, conciliates fleep, and mitigates pain, befides the effeét it has upon the morals, temperance and chaftity. Ga- len (whofe beloved dilh it was) from its pinguid, fubdulcid and agreeable nature, fays it breeds laudable blood; and was 8 4 by 263 264. The (Prac‘fimZ Kite/3m Gardiner; 1; by the antients, by way of eminence, 3 called farm. 3 And [1 e mol‘t excellent and abflemi- : ous Emperor Tacitus, {pending almolt nOthing at his frugal table in other dain- ties) was yet to great a friend to lettuce, that he would often fay, when he had eat thereof, and relied well, that he procured his fleep at a great price; and Aré/foxemts, as an oft-quoted author in- forms us, ufed to water his lettuce beds with water and honey mix’d. But to the feed, culture, (9'6. Qf/e’fwo It is bell to have lettuce feeds frelh 33%“ every year from foreign countries, be- caule it is fuller and better feed, and produces much finer lettuce than what has been fared often with us; however, in good years we fave it plentifully e- nough; all which is too well known for me to enlarge or infifl upon; I’ need only mention that the feed {hou’d be faved only from the largeft and bell of the lettuce heads, and fuch as are the clofeil and belt of their kinds, and which have been tranfplanted and flood all the winter; for then the feed has time to ripen well, and in order to make it the more perfect, it is well to fet fome 4‘ .. handv‘ lee ‘Prafiiml Kitcbm Gardiner. hand- (glaifes, or frames of glafies before them to iipflen the feed the better, and as ioon as it is ripe, which may be feen by the do“ 11y cottony matter that is on the tops of the 1eeds, then the whole {talk 1hould be laid carefully in fome green- -l_1oufe, and well dry’,d till it be fit to threlh or beat out, which it will 10011 be. 265 Lettuce is that molt ufeful manna of Offbcfea. our belt gardens (as Mr. Te [4 Quinti- me terms it) and of which all the world [0275, 7mm. 7m 0f:/6C6‘- 770 a): ii is 10 tond; it requires many and diffC-rdg'fnglel- re11t1ea1ons of lowing, thofe which are good 111 fome months of the year not being (0 in others; fome that grow well in 1pring, thriving not 10 well in the 1ummer; and tho1e which profper in autumn and winter, coming to nothing neithei in the {pring nor fummer , fome that pome and cabbage of their own ac- cord, and others that muf’t be tied up to make them clofe and white, as the cofs 01 gofs lettuce, the Silefla, Ro- man, r’yc. tilt 5’- Now tho there are many kinds ofOf 1/32 lettuce, as has been before fet down,1’“’?‘” yet there are not above fix or eight kinds 1 wouldlrecommend to any fmall garden, thofc clmte t3," [t’ffllt‘é’L {é 266 Par-1517;1— T/oe Trafiz’ml Kitchen Gardiner. thofe being fuflicient for the furniture of a middling, or indeed any confider- able table; the refi may be fow’d in more extenlive gardens, where great va- riety is required. For winter lettuces, I recommend the commOn cabbage, brown Tank and Genoa lettuces, in refpeét of their hardinefs: for the fpring, to be tied up and blanch’d, ‘and to maintain the table all the fummer months, the cofs or gofs lettuce, the belt of all, the white Imperial, curled and plain, and the Silefia, (3‘1. and for the autumn, the Araéz'rz and Bellegarde lettuces, and fome few of the preceding months; for the autumn and winter, I have alfo feen a molt excellent bright kind of lettuce, called the Smyrna lettuce, which fome time lince my very ingenious and wor— thy friend, Mr. yawb lVrmc/y, of Tara— di/é garden in Oxford, communicated to me, but as it is very difficult to feed here, how hardy foever it is to {land the winter, I have lol’t it, and know not at prefent how to retrieve it. Thofe defigned for winter, which is 1m-y;~1g/‘g,a-;t11c fcarceft time of all the year, are ()f‘hr t « :wilg. {owed on old hot beds, and in about a fortnight or three weeks after that they are The Truman! Kitchen Gardiner; arc pluck’d out into beds made of the mowings of grafs, ofi‘age herbs, greens, or long light dung, whereby there may be a little heat communicated to the roots, to make them firike and grow the better: fome plant them under the me- lon g1aflEs, the bed being made under fome warm wall, or reed hedge, which they keep cover’d in all extreme wea- ther. A frame or two order’d after this manner is certainly right; but molt of thefe kinds are {0 hardy that in all mild feafons they will fland the feverity of the weather, being pomed or cabbaged be: fore it comes in. Thofe that are {owed to come in ear; ly in the fpring, and for the fore-part of the fummer, are ty’d up and blanch’d, as the cofs, Silqfla, Imperial, @c. be- ing fow’d towards the latter end of Au— gufl, or beginning of September, and are to be fow’d and planted out in a bed moderately heated, and under a good warm hedge or wall, with glafl'es, frames, bells, mats, and other conveniencies to preferve them all the winter; and thefe both require and deferve our care. \Vhat is elfewhere obferv’d in the dig: ging in of long dung, thatch, (7:. in t C 26717 T/ae Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. the borders where we plant out winter or early crops, does well here; for thofe long dungs lying hollow, drain up all fuperfluons moil‘ture, which would other- wife rot the fibres, and fpoil the head. But to proceed. The chief feafon of all for {owing of lettuce feeds, and when we are to dif— play all or molt of our kind», is about the beginning of Feéruary, on our old hot-beds, or new ones moderately heat- ed, well glall'ed, and all in order to pre- ferve them from the rigour of the wea- ther that happens in this and the fuccccd- ’ ing month. They are to be pricked outwith care under frames or bells, in the beginning or middle of [Wart/0, to fucceed thoie that ~were preferv'd all the winter, in A- pril and the beginning of [Wu But the lafi and greatcll of the lpring fowings, and which is to fupply the grols of any family all the fummer, are thofe that are {owed in open ground amongl’r your young afparagus, carrot beds, (yet. in March, the produce of which will be wonderful, if the foil be good, and well meliorated with dung. Thefe being mix’d with radilhes, carrots, and all other fpring~ The ‘Prnfiiml K itclaen Gardiner: fpring-efculents, are not to be tranf— planted at all, but clear’d of weeds, and fet out at reafonable diflances with a hoe, or by weeding women, and you will have them in all the perfection that this herb is capable of 5 but at the fame time as you fow them, there fhould like- wile be fown fome on a good warm border under a wall, for fear the fum- mer {hould turn very wet and dafhy; and thefe fhould be tied up in dry fair weather; and if the fummer fhould prove, as it often happens in England, wet and untoward, and the lettuce fliould be in danger of being rotted, it would do well to have them fereened a little with frames of reed; but this fo feldom hap- pens, that I need not caution againfi it. W hen you hoe them, or plant them out, the dil’tance ought to be according to the fize of the kind you fow or plant out; the Imperial, Si/efin and cofs let- tuces can’t have leis than a foot difiance to plant them out in; while the com- mon cabbage, fDntc/a, and other kinds that are fmallcr, will do well enough fix or feven inches afunder, and eight or nine at molt. The 2.69 p 3’ ,/J’ \ ,- 70 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; The laft {owing of lettuces for au- tumn is performed the latter end of May, or beginning of june, even till Mdfitmmer, and it would be well to low thefe under lbme gentle fliade, in an old orchard or kitchen garden, where it is fcreen’d from the too intenfe heat, yet admitting of fome glimmering fun, . which would otherwife caufe them to run to feed before their time. But this fowing, as I have obfcrv’d before, fliou’d be compofed chiefly of thofe lettuces that are hardy, and cabbage well, not being apt to run to feed, to which ma- ny kinds of lettuce are at this time of the year by nature too much adapted. I need add little as to their further cul- ture and management in the feafon, but only that theyare to be as often water- ed as the heat of the feafon, or the fandy or gravelincls of the foil requires. It is much more to the benefit of my reader, that l advile the putting of good right mold and dung amongll all the ‘ forementioned lettuccs in the {pring (elbecially if the ground be poor) and good cool dung, fuch as that of cows and hogs; and for the latter part of the fum- mer and autumn fervice, retardation be- ing The Trafiz’cal Kite/am Gardiner. ing the melt elfetttial part of the care of this time of the year, as acceleration is the bufinefs of the fpring. All that is to be added in relation to lettuces, is, that there is a kind call’d lafium agnina, or lambs lettuce, of two 0r three kinds, which properly belong to this clafs; Ge- rard and Tarkin/bn have two fpecies, one with narrow leaves, call’d agnind lafr’um, Gerard, p. 310. lambs lettuce, or corn-fallet; and the other, [affirm agm‘na latz'folz'd, or the broadleav’d lambs lettuce, Tarkinfon, p. 81 2. Gerard, p. 310. to which the Oxford catalogue has added another kind (which I have not feen) called [afium agm'rm folz'r's variegatis, i. e. the party-colour’d lamb lettuce; as alfo two other wild kindsI need not mention. Lob or lop lettuce is only feed faved from lettuce (talks that never cabbaged, and is for that reafon faved only to cut in the feed leaves. I have fome few years fince feen a beautiful kind of cabbage lettuce from Holland, all marbled or firip’d, which is an extraordinary lettuce for the or- nament of a fallet, the infide being ve— ry often as red as blood, and is as good to 271 272, Q" icint. The ‘Prot‘z‘z’cal Kira/Jon Gardiner. to eat at leaf’t as any of the common cabbage lettuces; but the feed f-Y‘e't, ‘I have not had the good luer me There is allb a little round lCtiliu' fame in all probability that the I'rui"; call the mz'gnion lettuce, which 1:! e, wonderful lettuce to cabbage, and hes low, (hug, and in a little room, and {0 not improper to preferve all the win- ter under frames or glaflbs, and fome of them may be tried in the open ground, being tolerable hardy. SECT. V. Cl—IAP. LI. Of mint, tarragon, and other [allot herb: float flond many years tut/your 78728“ '- ing, r/yezr [mail [oozes being only cut in tin) flown/r. 0 this clals of plants belong eight forts, viz. the common mint, tarragon, fage, cives, onions or chibouls, rocket, burner, forrel; they all affect one kind of culture, and are all of them adapted to the fame purpol‘es. And firl’t of mint, call’d manta, by “Pliny, lib. 19. cap. 8. but for the {weer- nels of its odour it was amongi’c the Grey/c: The Trafiical Kitclrea Gardiner. Greeks Call’d idolaa‘lu.@~5 and. f0 win/co- rides, 1a. 3. cap. 41. ufes it. It is (as Mr. Evdrn obferves) dry and warm, and a little fragrant; being prefs’d be- tween the fingers, is friendly to a weak fiomach, and powerful againfi many dil’tempers. There are three forts of mint that, when the leaves are very young, may be admitted into the fallet, and tliofe are the memba Romana val fativa, mmtba cardiaca, or heart-mint; and the mam/ya arr/[9a, or curled mint; to be found in Gerard, p.680. and in Tarkiafoa, p. 31, 32. This is propagated by fliping and parting, as all the refi of this clafs are. The draw beréa of Gerard, p. 249. Tar/tinfon, p. 500. is (as our oft-quoted author fets down) of Spam/b extraction, hot and fpiey; the tops, when young and tender, like thofe of rocket, ought never to be omitted in the fallet-com— pofition; efpecially where there is much lettuce, the coolnefs of which this and the rocket corre€ts, being a great cor- dial, and friendly to the head and brain, and of other ufes, too many here to name. I Sage, 4 fl 27+ Of figa. ’ 0f view. Of (bi- 501115. Of Mimi. Tbe Przzfiiml Kite/3672 Gardiner. Sage ‘1‘, fizh‘ia, hot and dry; the t0ps well piek’d and wafh’d, and alfo the flowers, when they are in bloom, re- tain all the noble properties of other plants to that high degree, that the af- fiduous ufe of it was fuppofed by the antients to make men immortal, at leai‘t very prolifiek. This is to be admitted into the fallet only when it is very young, otherwil‘e it is apt to be thought a bitter. It is well known to be rais’d of flips 0t cuttings, planted in April. Cives are likewife in the fpring, when very young, to be admitted into the fallet in the room and for want of oni- ons, which it very well fupplies. It is fuppos’d by Mr. @e la (Quintinye, to be a native of England 5 and is well known to be enereas’d by olf-fets or flips. Chibouls, or rem/a, has been before deferib’d, under the head of the onion in boil’d fallets. ' * ‘Pz'mperm/l, or pimpinellzz, {0 much in requeii by the Italians and French, is f (lnod ad multa, prmfertim ad l'crcundititem, falutaris fit, cum Iteriles, hujus ufu frequenti, grn'idze reddantur. Cam]. Hort. Bat/171. 03:91:. 16+. “ Pimpinella vel bipinnella a foliorum binis ordinibus pennatim vel plunmtim digelfis nomimtur. Vid. Oxford Cam]. 19.141. our The Y’rafiiral Kite/am Gardiner; our common burnet, of a very cheering and exhilarating nature, when cut young and ufed in fallets, as well as when it is grown larger for wine; it is call’d pimpinel/a, w! bipz'nnel/a, fay our learn~ ed etymologifis, from the double order or range of its leaves, which are fee like a plume of feathers. There are but: two {pecies of it cultivated in gardens, neither of them of any great account; they may be both of them propagated by the roots, and in the place alfo where the feed falls they increafe greatly; they are both figur’d and defcrib’d by Gerard, p. 1045. by the names of‘ pimpinella [Jor- tenfis, garden burnet ,- and by Tarkinfon, pimpiml/a ‘vuégari: minor, ,1). 582. the Other, pimpernel, or large burnets, are figur’d and deterib’d by the fame herba- rifts, pimpinel/a major vztégaris, Tarkin- fon, p. 5 82. and pimpinel/a filmflris, Gerard, 10.1045. common great burnet. The feed is pretty large, and a little 0- vular, with four fides, and is all over engraven as it were in the fpaees between. the four (ides. The lafl plant in this clafs I have rem ferved for the antient and fo much fam’d. eruca fati‘va, or garden rocket. T a The 2%: ’276 The ‘Prafiical Kite/am Gardiner: Of the The emca, or rocket, {0 called from ”‘1'”- the Greek, iEUZo/a@v, was had in {0 great cl‘tccm heretofore, as to its efficacy in conjugal performances, that many of the antient authors, both in poetry and profe, make mention of it purely for that purpofe; ‘P/ia}, in his Natural Hif- tor}, lib. 19. cap. 8. tells us it was par- ticularly noted for a difpeller of all cold qualities, and being of a quite different nature from lettuce, is a great promoter of venety; for which realbn the antients always eat it with lettuce, that the heat of the one might temper the coldnels of the Other: on which account alfo it was that the eruca was accounted facred to Triapus, and planted for or by him, according to the following lines of Co- lame/la, * E t qua: frztgz'fero feritur vicina priapo,‘ Excitat aa’ waerem tara’o: emc‘a maritos. Agreeable alfo to that of O-vid, 1' N66 minus emcas aptzzm qfl ‘vitarefalaces . E t qzmqma’ jvem’rz corpora noflra parat. it Eruca ,ilUCo‘wcg quad jul'culum commendat habeatquc~ in so peculiarem gratiam. Canal Hort. B91127}. Ow”. 59. 3* V141. Cobras/La in barre, lib. 20. mp. 10. \ f Vic]. IWatmf/‘r‘s Edition of Oz'z'f‘s Run‘.‘..’5.: asap-5:; fi’~ 20:. 70.5). 800. And The Trafiical Kite/3m Gardiner. And to both of them that of the mer- ry epigrammatill, ‘* C arm'mt ad venerem larder emm maritox. This and the tarragon (as Mr. Evelyn, in his flcemrz'a, has it) ought never to be omitted out of the fallet—compofiti- on, efpecially when qualified with let- tuce, purflane, and other coolers, being highly cordial to the head, heart and liver, correcting the weaknefs of the ventricle, and the like. It is rais’d by feeds, which are of a reddilh, or rather dark cinnamon colour, as fmall as purflane feed; the leaf is pret- ty much like the radifh leaf 5 the feeds are fow’d at any time of the year, as o- thcr fallet feeds are; but fome of the kinds may be raifed as well of the flips of old plants fet out in April, in the manner that forrel is planted, and much like it. It is to be often cut down to have it young; which is a better way than feed, when you once are poffefs’d of the fpecies. But the Roman rocket is an annual, and is rais’d of the feed that falls from it every year. * Yid. Martial, up. 43. [272. to. fub fine. T 3 S E C T. 277 :7 8 The Trafiiml K itehen Gardiner. SECT. VI. CHAP. LII. Offwemlfnh’eting: that are eat in the feed leaves, nhnofl n: [can a: the feed 2': come up. of(,,-,;/,725. F the crefl'es there are three or four forts that are admitted into the garden, though the {mall one is the molt tiled in fallcts, viz. the na- flnrtinm hart. 'vztégare, common garden crefles,Gernrd, p. 249. T’nrhtn/on,p. 824. the n/zflztrtz'mn hart. [ntzfi hifp. Tarh. p. 82. 5. 724/}. hzfp. Germ}? 251. thebioad ledv’d garden crefles , and the 724/}. hart. [ntzfi trifl). ank. p 22 9. Ger. 1). 249. thenafl. Indzmm, or Indian crefies, Ger. 12.252. ?¢zrh. 1379. which are undoubt- edly the {ante we cultivate in our gar- dens to this day. Mr. E‘vetyn ihys they are to be {own monthly; but indeed experience tells us they are to be {own weekly, almofi dai~ 1y, all the \ear long, therebeint,T no fort of fallet th 1t teeds better, or tiles quic— ker; the Indian kind is 1ecommended above all, as moderately hot and aro— matick. 77.28 Tmfiiml Kilt/Jen Gardiner; 279 'matick, quickning the drooping fpirits, purging the brain, and of fingular effect in the l‘curvy, to that all Eng/i/bmm can’t eat too much of this herb, or chew it too much. The method of towing this and the own 111. following herbs is lomething different 37:“ "ff one method is in drills which are made M 7° with one’s finger , and the other is by {owing of the feed all over the bed, and the lifting on of very fine earth thro’ a fieve made of fine wire, or fplits about aquarter of an inch thick; and this laft is the belt method on hot-beds, there be- ing double the quantity of feed fow’d that way as can be any. This method I remember to have prafiis’d in the royal garden in St. ‘}'ame:’s Tark, at that time under the direction of the famous M1. Lawder, where it was once my lot to manage this province for fome time, and where we very feldom cut lefs than twenty or thirty fallets a day; if it is proper to remember fo unnatural a part of life. The efculent rampion, of Tarkinfmmf the .618. or the rapzmtzum of Ger. 1). 543. "”7’ 1“” by the French call’d refinances, is a Iallet not of general ufe as other fallets are, T 4. they :2 80 The Tmé'r'iml Kitchen Gardiner. they are a kind of a wild field radilh, " multiplied only by feeds, in all degrees like garden radilhes, but, as Mr. Eve- [m lays, much more nouriihing. Ano- ‘ ther author calls them by a different name, which for want of time to en-' quire into or determine, I do not men- tion. Organ? So much has been already faid, as to 55/5" the good and bad properties of radilhes, and of the method of {owing them, in a forgegoing fcé‘tion, where boil'd fal— lets are treated of, that no more need be added. 0f rank Of corn-lallet, 14271164 agm’mz, or Jl't’l’t’t' lamb’s lettuce, there are two kinds, as fee Gerard, p. 3to. ‘Parkin/on, 17.812. all propagated from feed [owed in the fpring, or daily, if occafion requires. Qf‘tav‘z'rp The feed-leaves of turneps, as well as J‘Yd' tlioie of radilhes, (191‘. are {own to be eat in the fame manner as the others are; but as there has been much alrea- dy {aid in relation to its Virtues, prepa- gation, (3)1. no more {hall be added at prel‘ent. 0f gum- Hartlhorn, the coma terruimtm of the 4% botanifis, in Franck, came de leaf, by di- vers named 1367124 fella, or fll/arz’rz, but more The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. more properly hartfhorn, on account of the fimilitude of its leaf to the horns of a flag, hart, or deer. his plant has long been found grow- ingT in barren places, and hardy grounds, but is now introduced into the garden, and eaten when young and finall, in all raw fallets. It is, fay the herbalifls, like the common plantane (to which family fome reduce it.) This plant has done great cures to childrens eyes, when drank morning and evening. Mullzu d the f imp: of the antients, was Of my a, ‘1 held in ve1y great repute by them, as hm? T/imi teftifies; it is exceeding hot and biting, not only in the feed, but the leaf alfo, and more efpecially in the feed. The young mullard plants, like thofc of radilhes, when they are juf’t peeping out of the bed, are of incomparable effect to quicken and revive the fpirits, they firengthen the memory, expel heavinefs, prevent the vertiginous palfy, and are a laudable cephalick. Befides, it’s an ap- proved antifcorbutick and concoction, cuts and diflipates flegmatick humours. In “1011', it’s the noble embamma, and f0 necefl'ary an ingredient in all cold raw falleting, that it is very rarely, if at all, 3 left 81 282. It; ref/372g. Of (bar- . ,. i'Zilc’. H 5:0 to my} if. The ‘Pmifiml Kitchen Gardiner. left out; antient authors add that it is very good when green to chew in the teeth for the fcurvy. It is raifed, as the others are, by feed, which comes up foon, and may be one of thofc that, according to the method fome time talked of, will be raifcd du- ring the roafling a joint of meat. . Cherville, cerefolium, by Mr.Eve{m, is of kin to the antient myrrh, from the fweet fmell it breathes like it, and is by botanifls call’d myrr/Ja. There are two kinds cultivated in gardens, viz. mj'rr/m major wuémri: [Eve cercfolz'um Mtg/'14:, Tar/z. j). 935. great fweet cherwithc; myrr/m uti-va five ce- nfolz'um twig. fat. Ger. 1), 1038. Tar/z. 494.. common garden chcrwithe. It is not only raifed by feed, as the o- thers are, and cut in the {mall feed leaves, but it is alfo uicd by the cook, in height— ning their fauccs. The herb cherville, of which we have been treating, tho” {weer and aromatic in the higheft degree, (which is its fault) is yet very good, if whitened as you do fellcry, and of a much noblcr guft, and were it larger would much outdo fellery it felf. You may plant it in trenches, or The Trafiital Kitchen Gardiner; 28 3 ' Or in bunches, which when tied up you may earth, and it will whiten as (con or looner than fellery does, and is mofl; excellent in all foupes and pottages. The fpinach and lob lettuce have been or fsz fo largely treated of in the feé‘tion where- 3’23; 0" in boil’d fallets are fet down, that no- 0 mm' thing need be laid more on this head, or of the railing of it. Purflane, party/am, is admitted intOOfpzzr/Z fallets with a very good grace, being in- ’1’”?- deed, when mix’d with hotter herbs, the belt herb that is cut in the leaves. It is called parry/am * quodfoliz' portulm‘ imi— m‘zzr; the Heréals take notice of it by thefe names, portulam fatitm, Tarkin- flm, p. 723. portalam dome/flea, Gerard, j). 52 I. garden purflane 5 portulam cretz'm Tar/e. p. 723. Cory/Mon flel/am Bart/9. in Thrace, candy purflane ,~ agreeable to the kinds now propagated, viz. the green and golden purflane. It is multiplied by feed, the latter end of February, and the beginning of March, being always as late as cucumbers, and f0 ought con- fiantly to be kept for- cutting all the cu- cumber feafon; which is done by cutting f 7951. 84215. tom. 3. p. 678. 3 N 284. The Traffical Kite/Jen Gardiner. it clofe now and then, and laying on a little frefh mold, and watering it well. Mr. Evelyn fays that the golden kind is the belt, whilit tender, tho Imuft own I have not obferved any difference. That it is eminently moii’t and cooling, quickens appetite, afl‘wages thirfi, and is very profitable for hot and bilous tem- pers, as well as thoie that are fanguine; and in ihort, that it has no bad quality but being prejudicial to the teeth, is ve- ry well known. SECT. VI. CHAP. LIII. Of the feafons proper for every kind of fallet lam/2, t/Je quzmm‘y to be zz/ed, 3(C. Hat I may omit nothing that can contribute towards the making this treatil‘e as ufeful as I canyl have in this chapter let down the particular fea— fons when every kind of lallet is in its beft perfeétion, having divided it accord— ing to the four fealbns or quarters of the year, with the proportion proper to be ufed of each kind; lorrietlliiig agree- able to what the learned Mr. Boy/e, in the Trszafizom of five Raye! Soviet}; V0 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; 1701.111. mm. 40. p. 799. has let down, tho’ with confidcrable alterations and. improvements. For the months of 74721140, Feérmry, and Marc/9, the proportion, «'76. of a good fallet, fellery four roots, endive three, fuccory two, fennel two, rampi- on three, all blanch’d as before; corn. fallet or lambs lettuce, and lop lettuce, a handfome gripe of each; radilh and creffes three pinches, turnep and muflard two pinches each; forrel, cherwithe, burner, rocket, a large pinch each; tar- ragon and mint a dozen tops each; {ballots or {mall onions, ten or twelve cloves with their green 5 to all thefe add one or two cabbage lettuccs, if you, have them. For the. months offlprilfllqy and jam, Silqfla, Roman, or other winter lettuces, two or three in all; lop lettuce a hand~ fome gripe; radifh, creiles and turnep, three pinches of each; purflane one large gripe; forrel and fampier, two pinches; eight or ten young onions or cives, “'6. {age tops, parfley, crefles, cherwithe and burner, two pinches of each; and alfo two, three, or four cucumbers, accord- ing to the largencfs of the falict. For 285 2.86 The Traffical Kite/Jen Gardiner. For the: months of yell], Ange/i and September, Silefla, Roman, col‘s, Impe- rial, or other cabbage lettuces, from four to fix or eight, in large fallets; crefl‘es, purflane or lop lettuce, tarragon (now come in again) forrel, burner, and mull tard, two pinches of each; with endive and fellery, two roots each; but no cu- cumbers in thefe lafi months, nor after Midfiemmer; add to thefe, three large gripes of nafiurtian flowers. For the months of 06705”, Novem- ber and ‘Deceméer, fellery, endive, fen- nel and fuccory, the fame proportion as in jammy, February and [Ware/9 ; lop and lambs lettuce, a large gripe of each; turneps, mufiard, radilh and crefl’es, in the feed leaves, two or three pinches of each; as alfo eight or ten cloves with their greens, of fmall onions, cives or fliallots. SECT. as 'r The Traflical Kitchen Gardiner. :87 sEcT. VI. CHAP. LIV. Of gathering, walking and drgfling of fallet . O finilh this account of fallets, I alfo add that of gathering, wafh- ing, and drefling of them. Now as to the time and manner of gathering, you are to be provided with a basket divid- ed into eight or ten {mall fquares or cells, wherein you are to put each kind entirely feparate, becaufe fome gentle- men love one kind of fallet, and fome another; and alfo the faid basket ihould contain three or four larger long divi- fions or cells, which are placed in the middle, to hold the roots of fellery, cndive, fennel, (/31: in the winter, or the different times of cabbage lettuce in the fummer. The morning whilfi the dew is on is Of the undoubtedly the befi time for gathering :gfifga‘ . . , a all kinds of falletmgs, becaufe the leaves fag/m. then eat crifp and fhort; nor does the plunging the fallet in water retrieve that neglect, but caufes it to eat watery and flabby, and nor to have its natural tafle, 288 The Traflical Kite/am Gardiner. tal’te, as is ealily difiinguilhablc by thofe that buy fallets in the market; for which reafon thofe that cut fallcts out . of .the garden, {hou’d take great care to get it early and frelh, and to lay it in fome cool place, only fprinkling fomc water gently upon it, without either walhing or picking it, till jul’t before it is ufed. Some people, in cafe this care is neglected, put the fallct in water, and throw'two or three handfuls of {alt on it. But tho” this is allowable in all boil’d yet it ought not, I prefume, to be in raw fallets. The next thing is the waihing and cleanfing it; which ought to be done with great care, leli fome of thofe {mall and almoi’t imperceiveable inhabitants of plants and herbs lhould lodge them- felves therein, thofe infects being no lefs naufeous and uneafy, than danger— ous; of which hiliory, as well as daily experience, produces fuch infl'anccs as I need not repeat. The lettuces, fellery, fennel, (be. lhould be quarter’d, or cut into two parts, at leal’r, and every particular leaf of the flalk Viewed with care, as lhould alfo all the {mallet ingredients. \Vhich be- mg Tie Trafiiml [Git/.7552 Gardiner. ling done, you may proceed to place them i ) i D in your fallet dilh, in a method and or- der, that when well done. is both pleat1 ing to the matter as well as gardiner; a ; good handl‘ome fallet being as beautiful - a dilh as any comes to a nobleman's or ; gentleman’s table. The antients always mix’d oil, vine- , gar and honey together, for their fallets; but later and better experience have ba— nilh'd all {weet miXtures, except at the. delire of ladies, and hasintrodue'd what. is better, anti "more agreeable to the pa~ late, oil, vinegar, falt, boil’d eggs, and what is better than all (as being a molt excellent pefioral) good multard. . Great care {hould be taken in the mix- ing and blending all thefe materials td- gether with a filver knife or fpoon, as Mr. Evdm would have it, in fuch a manner that the whole may be incor- porated together, becaufe oil, vinegar, and the other materials, don’t do it with cafe. , Six fpoonfuls of oil, four of vinegar, two or three yolks of boil’d eggs, and two fpoonfuls of mufiard, is a good proportion, and enough for a good large fallet; and it mul’c be obferv’d (from U Mr. 9 ‘v 90 The ‘me‘z‘ical Kitchen Gardiner. Mr. Evelyn) as a piece of frugality, that when thefe ingredients are well mix’d, and the fallet put therein by degrees," one after another, and not cut too I fmall, that half, at leafi much lefs oil, vinegar, and Other liquids will do, than I when the {allet is firi’t drefs’d, and thole \ mixtures put upon it. That the dilh you drefs it in fhould be of the finei’t porce— lain or Claim; ware, in great tables; or to others of a more difierent level, the belt 98/1921 add this only an paflam‘, which {hall conclude all that I have to‘ fay on the lubj cit of fallcts. SECT. VII. CHAP LV. Of fweet herbs, 51C. for the u]? of the ‘ kite/9m and laboratory. E are new arrived to the lafl fee- tion of this undertaking, which is to {hew the ufes and methods of pro- pagating of the feveral fweet herbs that are ufed in the kitchen and diliillary, without dipping into the midterm medica; but letting forth fuch only as are un- at'oidably neceifary to be raiibd in all gentlemens and noblemens gardens, as they The Trafiim/ Kite/yen Gardiner. *they not only impart pleafure to the tafie, but long life and health to thofe that make a regular ufe of them; and they are fiach asrnay be reduced.into a very few heads, and in confequence thereof their tiles may be illufirared and ‘made plain to the induflrious reader in few words. , And they are, firft, fuch as are for the more immediate ufe of the pot, as thyme, winter and fummer favory, winter and fummer l‘weet marjoram, plain and curl’d, parfley, hy'llop, marigolds, (re. The lecond clafs are of a mix’d nature, and are ufeful either in the kitchen or dil’tillary, fuch as forrel, beet, borrage, buglofs, orach, tanfy, coaf’tmary, bafil, fage and mint. To the third clafs, are reducible thofe herbs that belong to the laboratory or difiillary only; fuch are the cara’uur be- nedifi‘us, angelica, balm, carraway, anife, coriander, fenugreek, rhubarb, elacam- pane, poppy, dill, wormwood, lavender and rue. U 2 SECT. 291 In r “’ ‘I/gc’ Tmfiiml Kilt/9m Gardiner. ‘ SECT. VII. C HAP. LVI. Of pot—Zrerbs. OfMjme- ' I ‘Hyme, the firpillum of the Latin 1 botanifis, is and has long been one of the principal potherbs in life in the kitchen, {9 called from *fl’rpmdo, fignifyi-ng its repent or creeping quality, becaule if any part of the green herb does but iul‘t touch the ground, as it is apt to do in its own nature, it imme- diitely takes root. Our Herbals mention no lefs than eight kinds of thyme, which I have let down in their relpc'etive order, being all of them of great Life in the kitchen and dil‘tillary, fivpi/[lmz vuégare, Ger. p. 570. or flrpi/[zmz “vulgar? minus, Tank ,0. 8. or, the wild or mother thyme; ferpi/[um (itmmm, Ger. 1). 57. or lemon thyme; fllrpii’lum ”Jig/cri'vztum, Tar/e. p. 8. or broad musk thyme; flaw/[um t’ztégdreJ‘Zore 4/50, Ger. ’0. 570. or white flower’d thyme; [Erpjfz’zzm Mr Mum [till-f: Tar/z. p. 8. or ‘7 A {erg-221110 diet. quit aliqtu ejus plrtieula tertam tmgente ah et radiees dimittantur. Cara]. H521 Butts/i. Ox»; 1). 169. broad T/oe Trafiirm’ Kitchen Gardiner. 293 ‘ broad leav’d hoary thvn1e;[c317>i//mn m!- reumfw “er/color (117304772, “Park p.8 01 gilded thyme: but the thyme that is mofi in ufe with us in gmdens, is, t/y- 177mm durim, and lbw/"211m latiffl. Wiill rthe virtues of whicha ll b1otl1s and foupes are impregnated, {0 C. llel from 1e1e1al 1roots out of the antient languages, which implied its eflicacy in curing faintnefs, and foundings; to which, and many 0- ther p111p01bs, they were ufed by the antients. They are well known to he rais’d by flips, or feed fown in filzzrc/J or A’pril. Marjoram, the majomna of the anti— Q,r"-v:.7.1j_- ents, has its derivation likewife from "W"- he Greek Va'wJ, .1yru, and is endued with the 1.11 1e good qua .lity as thyme, to ufe. the v ords 0f the. learned Step/am: and Brazen, 0m pol/at w €.V/fll/Jf/I7Zdi am"— 7111-73, 6113729119 flrvmdz m f'a iiztegrimz‘e. There an about leven torts that have been long c tltivated in our Englzflt gar ens, wz. mmjonma Im‘if. colore a/éo, paitv- colour’d marjoram , é uridz ‘va- riegat. Tar/e. P 447 pot marjoram , mar/0mm tenuifi Gent. 664.. ‘Par/e. [1. II. man 101 am gentle; mmjorana xflzva (Wk. Tar/z. p 1 1. ordinary iummer tweet mar- U 3 joram; 294 The Trad-flea] Kitchen Gardiner. joram; merjomnd late)”. mzreez, Turk p.12. golden broad-leav’d marioram ,- mar/bra- 7M latif. fl've marjomna meg/rm, Gerard, p. 661. winter or por majoram; mar/'0- rezrm adommperenm's, iDar/e. p.11. win- ter fweet marjoram 5 marjorzmzz file). Tar/z. p. 12. the origanum emglieum of ' Gerard, p. 666. wild or field marioram. It is encreafed by {lips planted in 1%:er or flpril, or by feeds {owed at that time. Offer/71:3" flpium, or pulley, is of the petrofelz'rze family, the original of which has been already fer down; our Heréez/x make mention of three kinds, two of which are now in ufe with us, viz. the apmm hartenfe vulgare, common garden parfley ; apium erifioum five mzdtifidum, curled parfley; apium five perro/elz'num Virgini- amem, Virginian parfley; all in Gerard, p. 1013. and Tar/zinfon, p.923. Concerning the Virtues of parfley, Mr. E'vdyn writes of it, that being hot and dry it opens obflruétions, is very diuretiek, yet nourilhing; being edulce- rated in warm water, the roots elpecially; but of lefs virtue than alilanders. The ufes of it are well known chiefly to con- fifi in the kitchen, 'where the cook can never The Traffiml Kite/Jen Gardiner. 29.; :.never be without it, there being norhing 'more proper for fiuffing (farces) and o~ ther fauces, and is therefore chiefly eon- figned to the olitory; fome few tops may be indeed ufed in fallets, but it is a little too coarfe for any but rufiieated palates; nor need we but juli mention that it was of old never brought to the table at all, being facred to death and oblivion, however ufeful now it is in portage, foupes, broth, z’rc. Savory, fatureia, a fubflantive of ‘Pli- offimry, 747’s, lib. 27. from fatar, quiafizturet; or, as the learned Step/9672: and Brown have it, a fatummlo, quad (Mir, loco condi- mentz', addatur. Of the favory there be two ferts on- ly, that are cultivated in gardens, viz. ‘ fatzzrez'a bartenfis, Ger. p. 57 5. or the faint/714g. Turk. p. 4. winter favory; fa- tureia laortenfl: aefli'va, Ger. iéid. flzt. kart. Spark. ibid. fummer favory. It is raifed by flips or feed, as thyme and marjoram are. Hyflbp, lajflapm, a mof’t noted herb Of 12%;» in cures, an opener of the fine parts, , by nature ablterfive, and in particular ufed in a cold or cough, ai’thma’s, and other difeafcs of the lungs, {0 called U 4. from 2 9 6 The Traflical Kiwi-rm G ardz'zzrr; from feveral roots out of the anticntsa languages, which refer to the ules it was 3 made of in the Alofkfc law. There are about [even kinds of hyll {op that herbal-ills give account of, viz. : bjflflopm viz/g. Tark. f7. 1. kWh/Ozzy Ara-T bum, Ger. 10' 579. the eommori or Ara; bid” hyfibp with blue flowers; {aflopus flare (1M0, Ger. Mid. white flower’d hyil {ops lyflopx Kira/111m flare ruéro, G'rr.’i Mid. ‘Parlz. p. 2. red hyflbp; Iqiflbpm wrflm/or, Ger. ,3. 5 80. eterflfolzis niceir, Tar/z. f). i. \\"hllC party—colour’d hyflbp; 133%;in 'L‘crflc‘olor‘foliis auras, Turk. i/zz'd. yellow party-colour’d hyflbn; to all which is added, the [rij/fipzisfolii: lyirfizz‘is, and the Iqxflfiopm foliis birfitti: variegatis, the hoary leav‘d l13’libps. Hyflbp, like all other pot-herbs beg foremeiition’d, may be railed from flips, but feed is the bell and quickefl way. 0;” may- \Vc {hall finifh this firfi clafs with sub?- the marygold, the antienr as well as prefent ornament of all pot and foupc herbs, imparting an antient oriament and look to all good houfewife’s broths and porridges, and is by the Latin: cal. led (41671112114, for that it flowers almofl in every ealend month. 2 There The ‘Prafliml Kitchen Gardimr. There are three kinds, calendula flare flmp/z‘ci, calendu/a multzflore oréimlata, Ger. 1" 739. Tar/e.p. 298. fingle and double marygolds; to which the herba- rifis of our own country add the calm- dzz/a prolifera, or fruitful marygold, Ger. 1). 739. Tar/e. p. 299. and the calendula mag/or poljam‘lm, lib. 2. p. 739. of Ge- rard. ' The temperature of the marygold is hot almol’t in the fecond degree, and therefore thought to comfort and ftrengthen the heart very much; and al— fo good againf’t pef’tllential agues. They are raifed by feed {owed gene— rally in [Marc/a, but will come up of thcmfelves by feed dropping from old heads; but the method of railing is fo eaty and (0 well known to every good houfewife, that I need fay no more of in ‘ SE01; 297 298 Of fem] and beat. Of [201'—. ragee. The Y’mé‘fiml Kin/.2672 Gardiner. SECT. VII. CHAP. LVII. Of forrel, éeet, burr-age, éuglofi, amt/.2, tan/y, and fiber pottage and flay/[ml berés. 0 much has been {aid in the fe- eond feftion, concerning forrel and beet, that I need add no more in this place, of their names, virtues, (yr. but only intimate that otir bet‘t cooks ufe them in pottage, foupes, (’76. as an a- greeable mixture with other herbs. Borrage, éarmgo, the carrago of the antients (quid cordi: 417216715115 medetzzr) fay our learned botanifts, or, as Mr. Eve— lyn has it (gaudiafi’mper ago) from that cheart‘ulnefs it infufes into the fpirits; it is hot, and kindly moifi, purifying the blood, an exhilarating cordial of a pleafant flavour. The tender leaves, and flowers efpecially, may be eaten raw; but the chief ufe of this molt excellent herb is well known to be in cool tan- kards, which, like thofe of balm, are of known virtue to revive the hypo- condraic, and cheers the hard fiudent. There Tbe Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner; 299’ There are three or four fpecies of this It: kinda. herb, that are to be found in our Eng- !sz Herbals, viz. bar. hart. flare wruleo, Ger. 1). 797. ‘ blue flower’d garden bor— rage, which changes fometimes to red; this is the chief in the refrigerating cup; éor. laort.fl0re a/éo, Ger. Mid. white flow- er’d garden borrage; éormgo femper ml mm, Ger. iéz'd. Turk. 249. ever-living borrage; burr. minar berbarz'orum, Tar/e. p. 766. fj'mp/ajmm parvum barragz'm': fade, Ger. p. 806. {mall creeping bor— rage; all of them of {ingular ufe for the purpofes before-mentioned. They are raifed by feed fown in Marc/.7, Metbod qf as all others of this clafs are, but require ”Wg': the belt foil you can {ow them in, to make them large and full of juice. Buglols, the bugloflitm of the herba-Ofbuglo:. rifts, (quid figumt linguam bar/2's) from its fimilitude to an oxe’s tongue, as they fet down *, it is in nature much like borrage, yet {Omething (as Mr. Emlyn fays) more aflringent, the flowers, with the entire plant, being greatly reflora. * Buglofl'um a fimilitudine foliorum dié‘tum ell, qua: tum figurfi fufi, tum feabritie, linguam bubulam repre- fentat. Raiz’ Hz’fl. Plant, [£12. xo. rap. 4. p. 493. tive, goo Of any); and (Wire. The ‘Pmfiical Kitchen Gardiner. tive, and much commended by fl-verrocr, for its wonderful efiefis in cherilhing the l‘pirits; and therefore (as that labori- ous author has it) juflly called cztp/arqfi- 9mm; and others will have it the ma pent/yes of Homer. It's ufed in the fame manner, and to the fame purpofes as borrage is. Our Eng/2' J herbaril‘ts mention and figure three kinds of this plant, of like virtue with one another, viz. the bu- g/oflum “UH/gaff, of Gerard, p. 79 8. or minus fativum, of Tarkin/bn, p. 767. common garden buglofs; éng/oflizm [#3. minus, Ger. p.799. Tark. 765. {mall wild buglols; [angloflum lutezmz, Ger. p. 798. ‘Park.p.486. [472g a’e beefe; all which are to be found growing in gar- dens, or otherwife more open and wild in all common fields. It is raifed by feed fown in good ground, in [Wart/J or film], and wherein the. wild kind comes of its own accord it is a certain fign of good land. Orach, the artiplex of the Latins, as Mr. Evelyn fcts down, is very cooling, al’laying the pituite humours; being {ct over the fire, neither this nor lettuce need any other water than their own -- moifiure The Traffiml K ire/gen Gardiner; 301., moiilure to boil them in, without ex-p preflion: the leaves, when tender, are mix’d with falleting, but the chief ufe of this is in portage; as is the blite, Mitum, BAérav, quad (fl iner: (9' in/zpz'dum, from its innocence in all its ulbs. To the fame purpolEs alto might be Ofmrm brought the marum fir. vat/g. the herb maflick; but of a terrible intoxicating madning quality, whofe ufesI {hall leave to all curious and careful cooks, and conclude this clafs of plants with an ac- count of Sage, the falvia of the antients (quad Of f/zge. 4d rim/ta prefirtim ad fzectznditatem fa- lutari: fit) fay fome ingenious botanifls, of lo great eflicacy in life that Mr. Eve- lyn, in his Acetaria, p.61. tells us, the L alliduous ulc of it is laid to render men immortal. Its properties are hot and dry, and retain all that is noble in o- ther hot plants, more cfpecially for the head, memory, eyes, and all paralytical cafes. Our HEM/ll: have given the figure and defcription of eight kinds of this won- derfully ufeful plant, ‘viz. theflzlvm a— greflis five florodom'a, or wood rage, Ger. p.662. “Park. p.111. fa/tw'a ma— jor 302 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. jor tun/gorilla common garden fage, Ger. 10. 764. ‘Pdr'k. p.49. [oz/via major vorfl~ color, ‘Pnrk. ioid. falvio variegato elegant, firip’d fage, Ger. ioid. fat/via minor, Ger. ioid. fizl-via minor pinnoto, Tar/e. p. 50. fmall (age, or fage of Virtue; fnlvia maximiz lotif. crifpo, fPork. p. 49. great white curled fage; falvia ooflntbites, Ger. p. 764. folvio minor oltera flare no oro, ‘Pork. 1?. 50. wormwood fage; fal- 'vio frntioo/o [urea ongziflifo/io five ‘Pblo- mi: Lyobnitiy, 'Por/e.p. 5:. narrow leav’d yellow {age 5 fo/viiz friiticofa [titan Intifi five wronfonm film/ire, Tarkp. 5 2. wer- oofonm mot/Jio/i, Ger. p. 767. Franc/a fage. All thefe {ages are raifed by flips, fer in the latter end of [Ware/9, or begin— ning of flpril, in moii’t weather. of ”11'”!- Mint, otherwife {pear—mint, the an- tient merit/Jo, or in a more modern dia- lea, the ongn/z’ifo/in fliooto, is one of the molt generally ufeful herbs, bOth in the kitchen and difiillary, of any the garden produces, and is for that reafon here placed to bring up the rear of this clafs. If‘IPNM- Mr. Ewiyn, in his Aoetorio, p. 39. ”m fays of it, that it is dry and warm, very fragrant, The Trai‘r’z’ml Kite/yen Gardiner. 303 fragrant, and, a little prefs’d, \is friendly to a weak fiomach, and powerful a~ gainfi all nervous crudities; and there- fore very ufeful both in the kitchen and diflillary. There are nine forts of mint, that Itrkirzd'r. have been long cultivated in our Eng- r’é/Zt gardens, which our Heréals have fi- gur’d and defcrib’d, ‘vz'z. merit/941301724- mz, Ger. ,0. 680. went/m fativa, Tark. p.481. true {pear-mint; mentlm cardiam, heart mint, Ger. p. 680. Tark. p.31. mam/m crifpa, curled mint, ?ark. p. 32. in all pottages not to be excluded out of the garden catalogue of herbs; the meant/M crifpa Tamra five Germanim fleciafa, Tar/e. Mid. great curled. mint of Germany; merit/m cruciata, Tar/e. i5. Ger. 680. croflEr mint; mentaflrum,Ger. p. 684. manta/hum bartenfe jive went/m fylwflrir, Tarkp. 33. horfe mint; men- laflrum niwum anglicum, party-colour’d mint, G€V.P. 684. Tar/e. p. 3 3. mentaflmm flare violaceo, Cat. Hart. Bot. 0x21). 108. violet flower’d horfc mint; mam/m aq. ru- bm fivefyfimérium, red watenmint, Ger. P- 689. ‘l’ark.p.1243. are all of them cul- tivated and grow well in gardens; but there is another kind of ‘mint, of which 2 there ill, ( 304 77.2? ‘Pmfiiml Kite/3m Gardiner. there is fome now to be had (however ill cultivated at prelbrrt) in the phyiick gar- den at Oxford, and in fome other places, called the pepper mint, on account of an agreeable predominancy there is of that fpiey quality more in this than the other kinds; the water of which is much finer and more virtuous than any of the other kinds of mint water; the tit-{l time I ever tafied it was in the laboratory of - that truly ingenious and laborious culti- vater of flowers, exoticks, and other cu- riofities, the late Mr. Harris of limb; which I mention the more in that I would recommend it to the care and cultivation of all gardiners, houfekeep- ‘ ers, and ingenious ladies, previous to all the other lpecies of this common, but ufeful herb. It is well known to be very eaiily propagated by its own firingy roots, which, hydra-like, will fpring, cut it off or to pieces ever [0 much,- iiieh a plal‘tieity there is in its nature, that no- thing but balm can pretend to the like. Of 5.,“ To thefe foupe or pottage herbs, I ‘ add, tho' mention’d by no author that I have feen, the bafil, {o neeefl'ary in the heightning all foupes, ragoos aixdiauees, that T123 Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner; go; that fe\v cooks care to be without it, both whilfl it is green, and whim it is dry. Of this ocimum, the zxtpcv of Tia/é. perm”. lib. 2. mp. 171. a celerz'tate pramnimdi W" dicitzzr, as our oft quoted etymologif’ts tell; there was but one l‘pecies mention. ed by Tarkinfon and Gerard, *v'z. 0ch mum vulgare, Tark. p. 19. ocz'mum mag- 72am, Ger. ,0. 673. the ordinary broad- leav'd bafil, which is indeed the molt ufed in portage, foupes, (7c. tho’ there is another fmall-leav’d kind that cuts very fine with the feiflars. This herb is of a molt exhilarating nature, and the greatef’r inciter to vene- real embraces of any that grows in the garden, provided it be ufed in a proper quantity. The feeds are {owed on a hotbed in April, and trant‘planred into a good foil, flourilh with us in England very well, tho’ it be of a foreign extra&ion. There is alfo another finaller-leav‘d kind, as before mention’d, ufeful for all pottages and culinary ufes, as well as to fet in ladies chambers. They are both raifed from fees! {own at one and the fame time, and in the X fame 306 Of tarry-ii. Of it: 1am. The Tmfiiml Kite/am Gardiner. fame manner, viz. any time in Feéruar} or Marc/a, on hot-beds, and tranfplanted out amongi’t other annuals. Tanfy, tanacetum, the derivation of which our modern botanifls don’t define, is hot and cleanling, which in regard that its tafie is a little too predominant, and fo not admitted in raw or boil’d fallets, but fryed with other herbs, fuch as fpinach, green~eorn, violet and prim- rofe leaves, $1. and mix’d with flower and eggs 5 and then fryed brown, is eaten hot, with the juice of orange and fu- gar, being, as our oft-quoted author ob- ferves, one of the molt agreeable of our herbaceous diihes. Herbarifis mention three or four {pe- cies of this plant, which are the tarmac- tum vulgare, or common tanfy; tann- cetum crgfpum, or curled tanfy; and the tmzacetum Indian”, or unfavory tanfy; all to be found in Gerard, p. 650. and in Tar/zinfon, p. 8 I. as alfo a firip’d kind, being the tamcetum variegatum of ‘Par- kinfan, I" 81. 107286113. It is propagated either by feeds or flips, tranfplanted or fown in the latter end. of [March or the beginning of April, and will floutifh almol‘t in any foil. ‘ Coaflg The Tragical Kite/yen Cardimf. 3'07 Coafimary, the éaZfizmita of the bota— Of my?» nifls, ab adore fies/[amino dié‘t'a, as the la-Z’Wy borious Stephen: and Brown aflure us, is an excellent balfamick, healing herb; and tho’ not much ufed in the kitchen, is endued with wonderful properties in pharmacy and phyfick; for which rea~ ion it ought to have room in the gar-i den. There is but one fort figur’d, which is the balfamita may, or male bal- fam, Ger. p. 64.8. or otherwife, the caf- tus laortorum major of ?arkinfon, p. 78. the common coaflmary. s E c T. VII. c H A 1% LVIII. Of filo/9 herbs as are required to he mifl ed in a garden, for the ufe qf a [450; rater}, diflz‘llafiy‘, &c. THerc are at leafi twelve forts Ofof m; this thifile, that haVe been long dam. cultivated in our Eng/i : gardens, the chief of which are the mm’um benefit: 121:, or the blelfed thiflle, Ger. lair-71. Tark. p.957. fo well known for its Wonderful operation in all cmetics, that I need not prefume to trouble my reader‘ with any large account of it, which it X a would 308 The ‘Prafr’z'cal Kitchen Gardiner; would deferve; the happy efl‘efls it has on every conflitution being fuflicient to exalt its praile more than all 1 can fay in its recommendation. But there is a1- f0 another kind, call’d can/1m: Marie vulgaris, or common ladies thii’rle ; which whether it was fo named by the votaries of the Roman church, or on any other account, I am nm at prefent able to determine; but is, on account of its laé’tefcent quality, as well as its fine variegated leaves, admitted into the mofi curious gardens; as is alfo another of this kind, with white flowers, called in the Oxford catalogue, p. 18. carduus Marie ‘vzzégaris 1467811: flare 4160, white flower’d ladies thifile; to which may be added, the carduzts [48:11: firiacm Cam. Baubz‘nus in ‘Pz'mzce, p. 381. the carduu: mofvlmta, or musk thiflle, Ger.p.1174. Tark. p. 9 5 8. cardzmsfolflitz'alis ‘Dodaneur, Ger. 1). 1 166. Tarkp. 989. St.Bama/7j’s thifile; the cardtm: amlmtus, being the chardon; the carduus fie/[art's 'vuégaris, ?arlz. ibid. Ger. ilzid. and cardzm: po[ya- amt/.105, or thiftle upon thifile, are alfo admitted into the garden for variety; tho’ we chiefly raife the flrlt kinds, on account of the extraordinary effects it has, as before mention’d. Thefe The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. 309 Thefe thifllcs are all rais’d by feed, which is {own in flpril, and may either be tranfplanted out, or let (land, as you {hall fee fit. Angelica (ob angelica: e3” infigne: cyni- Of age. ‘virtate: fie difia) fay the writers of bo— 15“”- tany; of which they have given the fi- gures and defcriptions of four kinds, all of them poflefs’d with the fame good properties, but the garden kind the belt, viz. angelica fativa, Ger. 1). 999. Tar/z. p. 9 39. garden angelica; angelica jj'lvef- tris, Tar/z. p.941. wild angelica; arclJ~ angelica, Ger. p. 1000. Tar/e. p. 940. or great wild angelica ,~ angelica lacia’a canadenfl: cornutifolia filendente, Tark. p. 75, and 949. lhining angelica. This very ufeful herb is propagated by the parting the roots, which is etl feéted with great cafe, in Fearaary, [Ware/9, April, or any of the fpring or winter months. Balm, the inelzfla of the antients, and Oflal/n. whofe happy effects has been long ago celebrated by the belt pens, is anOther very ufeful herb in the phyfick garden and difiillary, z’yvc. it is, as Mr. Evelyn obl‘erves, hot and dry, cordial and ex. hilarating, fovcreign for the brain, X 3 fttcngth. 310 The Tmfiiml Kz'tcben Gardiner. fircngthning the memory, and power-- fully chafing away melancholy. Bcfides the ufes it has in the laboratory and difiillary, the fprigs frelh gather’d and put into wine, or other drinks, during the heat of fummer2 gives it (as Mr. Evelyn obferves) a marvellous quicknefs, and yields an incomparable flavour, made as is that of cowflip flowers. The me. life, alias apiaflrum, as {Diofwrides has it, lié. 3141). 1 18. at: ,uem’flm, quad [sac apes de/efiantur, as affording great quan- tity of juice, for bees to make their ho~ ney of. » Authors that have writ on this fub- jeét have figur’d and defcrib’d three kinds, which have alfo been cultivated in the phyfick garden at Oxford,and other places, viz. nae/{[4 vuégaris, common balm, Get}. 689. Tark. p.40. melz'flfla turcim flare a/éo, Turkey balm with white flow- ers; m‘ in predisz. aztt/corz‘bus, melzflk’, maluwa levir, fmooth [Valium balm, Ger. p.691. Tar/z.p.4z. This extraordinary herb is well known to be propagated by the flringy roots, of which it has innumerable quantities as the mint has. ‘ ' Te The Trafiieal Kileberz Gardiner. 31 1' To the 13?: might alfo be re-adcled mint; but that is already treated of in this feé’tion. anugreek, or feemzm gmmm, by the off,,,,,,. Greek: called ZéFth; (quid filz‘qam fimz‘gta’fi- comieztli: flmiles) is an herb admitted into our little phyfick garden, for many ul‘es too long here to name; and is cal- led fierzum greeeum by Gerard, p. I 196. and fiemmz fativum, by Tarkinforz, p. 1096. . Next to this, let us alfo add the dill, Of (5,71 the met/mm of antiquity, acurious aro- matick, very much ufed by the cook in pickling; as alfo by the houfe-keeper and phyfician, in very many cafes that lie within their refpeé’tive provinces; {0 called from 0599765171, eoitio venereez, to which the antients fuppos’d it was a great inciter; neverthelcfs, fuch was the ill efl‘eé’ts of it, that the too frequent ufe of it was very prejudicial to thofe that ulEd it. There is but one kind that our Herbals have taken notice of, tho’ it palTes under two names (fomething different and enlarg’d) by our Englifi writers of herbs, Gerard, p. 1033. cal- ling it only duet/mm; but ‘Pezrkinfon, p. 886. emetlaum bartenfl’flve twig. com- mon garden dill. X 4 The 312 OF Me f "71).“ The Tmé‘fical Kitcbm Gardiner. The poppy, papa'ver, is alfo an annual that is fown in the phyfick garden, on account of its many very extraordinary qualities. The derivation of the word papawr is from fin/mam El ,wa mvfiv, quad 8.113 14 It: nimium infrigz'det e5" fluporem adj/‘emt, as the editors of the Oxford catalogue tell us. There are three fpecics of this pop- py, that are of ufe in the purpofes we are now upon, viz. papawr Rbams, Ger. p. 37!. Tark. 366. red poppy, or corn-rofe; but this {prings up as it were fpontaneoufly amongfi corn, and is what in the country they call red weed, on account of its red flowers, and which is indeed almofi, if not quite, equal to any of the others (that growing in Turkey excepted) the gardiner need not trouble himfelf with the railing it in the garv den. The two other kinds are the papa'ver tomiculatum luteum, and papa'uer corni- culatum ritérum, the yellow and red horned poppies, figur’d and defcrib’d by Gerard, p. 377. and Tarkinfim, p. 262. which require to be {own in the fpring, as others of this clafs do. There ,is al~ f0 a {mall kind that makes a pretty fl» gure The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner! 3 r3 gure in the parterre, tho’ of little ufe here. The carraway, called alfo by the La-Oftlwrar- tins * carum, from (aria, a country 74201920111 where it grows fpontaneoufly, as €Diof- ame‘ caride: witneffes, is an herb that the di- ligent houfewife and houfekeeper ufe in all their comfits, as the feed does indeed adminifter the molt refined aromatick tafie of any herb or feed yet men- tion’d. It is rais’d of feed fow’d in March or flpril, as other plants of this kind are. And to this may be alfo added, the a- nife, quid falia profirt admodum z'm'gzm- lia, lay the botanifis. The coriander, or ao’pm of the anti— Of tori~ ems, quid folia (r mules qjus cimit‘em ”m" olmt, qm‘ xc’eu; vommr, fay the ingeni- ous editors of the Oxford catalogue. Wormwood, aéflnt/yium, called 023. Of mm- tLt’thav, quaflain't’véwv, by the antients, bC- WM caufe of its ungrateful tafie 5 from whence, fay our oft-quoted authors '1‘ Step/9cm “ Carum ab infulfi car-ii derivatur, 2!! cm]! {3" Plim'zzy, 1:5. 19. mp. 8. ’ - 1’ Ckmnquam pofierioribus feculis abfinthium venit in nfum. V id. Cat. Hort. Borax. Oxm. p. 2. [215 rim/o A. and n4 Of dream- ) (i 56. The Trailical K iteben Gardiner. and Brown, wormwood drink came in ufe in after-ages. This herb is raifed by feed, but as it grows naturally in all places where old buildings haVe been pulled down, little trouble is required, efpecially as to the common fort. But there are fome others that Gerard and Tarkinfm have fet down, that for variety may claim a place in the phyfick garden, viz. abfintbz’um temu'fal. ponti- mm Gakm’, Ger. p. 1096. five Roma- num vuégare, fPark. p. 98. Roman worm- wood; aaflntbium aa/lriaeum, Ger. ,0. 1098. Tarkp. 99. Aaflrian wormwood ; aafz‘nt/aium maritimum lavender/a folio, Tark. p. 102. or artemifiz' marinum, Ger. 1). I [04. lavender-leaf'd worm- wood. For the aaflntbium marinara, (Eve. Irefer to the feaihores. I {hall conclude this clafs, and confe- quently this treatife, with four forts of herbs more, that are unavoidably to bo entertain’d in this collection, being for their ufes to human bodies fcarce pa- rallell’d by any that have as yet been named, viz. elecampane and rhubarb. Elecampane, or male campana, éAévwv; was fo denominated from Helena, that firi’t The ‘Prafiical Kitchen Gardiner; .315: firfl found out the efficacy of it againfl: poifon, as antient authors affirm, or as *Mr. Rd] fets down, that it {prang from the tears of that remarkable lady, and for that reafon had in great efleem in the ifland f0 call’d. - Gerard and Tarkinflm mention but 1:: name. one kind, in which they are both agreed, as to its name, it being the emu/a cam- pana fl'ue Helenium of them both. Vial. Ger. p.793. Tark. p. 6 54. Elecampane is propagated by the feparation or part- ing the roots. Rhubarb, the Rbubaréum of the her.- of rim; barifls, is propagated in the fame inan-éa"5' ner as the aforegoing. Its derivation does not appear by any books I have feen; neither have I leifure at this time to enquire into it; there is but one fort in our Englifl: Herbals, but the kind that is tranfported from beyond fea is by our apothecaries and druggif’ts accounted the befl. Lavender, lavendula, quiz: éa/neir, é Of lamb lavaeri: expetatur, as our writers on‘bo- ‘1”- * Eleeampane, Helenium, 'EAs'uay quod a Iachrymia Helena: natum dicatur 5c idea in Helena infula laudatifli- fllum efle perhibetur. tany 516 Tire Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner, tany have it, is admitted into the phy-' fick and kitchen garden, on account of feveral ufes the houfekeeper puts it to. The lavender is of three feveral branches or diiiinétions, viz. lavendula or flaobar, fweet lavender, or the jagged kind; and the *abrotonum, which is a green kind, but more phyfical than any of the for- mer, the catalogues of which feveral di- vifions I {hall here infert, for the bene- fit of all gardiners that are learners in botany, referring them, as I have done all along, to the Herbals of our own country 5 lavendulo flore 4160, white flower’d lavender, Ger. p. 584. p.73. [Mandala minor five fpim, {mall laven- der fpike, in fog. prediff. lavendulaflore carry/ea, Genp. 5 8 3 . mag/or origami-,1). 7 3 . common lavender; [Mandala folio mul- tzfdo, P- 7 3. flflt‘bfl! multifido, jagg’d- leav’d flakes, or lavender; aorommtm mas two/gore, Ger. 1). r 105. Tork. p. 92. common lavender fouthernwood; abro- tamzm from. vulgore, I" 9 5. cbemicypa- 72' 14:, Ger. p. 1109. lavender cotton; aorotorzum inoo’orum cam/251m , Ger. ' Abrotanum ifigo'npov ab 3: pr. & §g$7©J quia toti fete hieme virent folia. Coral. Hort. Botan.0xon. p. fab Lita/o A, f. I 106. The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner: 317 p. I 106. Tar/z. p. 94. wild fouthernwood; aératanum farm. erimfllz‘z’s, p. 96. m- gumtaria lutetz'anamm, Baa/9. in Thrace, p. I 37. fine lavender cotton. . Stzechas, or flicbadore, {0 called from Of I! an ifland of that name in the region of ‘1‘“3" Maflz'lz'a, where it grows. There are three or four kinds cultivated in gar- dens, w'z. flwcbas vuégaris', Tarkp. 67. flee/ms five £0an bormlana, Ger. 1). 585. ordinary Franc/9 lavender, or flickadoves flaw/ya: fizmmis cauliculz': nadir, Ger. 1). 586. long-leav’d flickadove; and [he- tbas multg'fida, Ger. f. 5 85. jagged flick- adove. The fcurvygrafs, the cochlearia of the Of/mmy- Latins, is fo termed, as Mr. R4}, in hist“ Hiflory of ‘Plants, fays, Without doubt, from the refcmblance the leaf has to a cockle-fhell; forma modicé mm tackled", are his words, lib. 16. mp. 3. p. 822. and tho’ it be an herb that is little ufed in the kitchen or difiillary, I thought it proper to infert it here, on account of its excellent ufes in all medicinal drinks, c’m‘. though the {mall tops may be ufed, when very young, in raw fallets. There are three kinds which are cultivated in our Eng/if}: gardens, viz. cochlear. vulg. , Tart '318 0/ 77/6. The Tammi Kite/yen Gdrdim’r. Tark. p. 285. common feurvygrafs; cock]. Britannica, Ger. 1:. 4.01. cock]. ma- jor ratmzdifi ‘Park. 1‘). 285. Ger. p. 401. great round-leaved feurvygrafs; cor/91; minim: rotundxf. Temp. 286. all which are raifed by feed, fown under a ihady North wall in flpril; or it will grow in more open ground. Rue, mm, of Greek original, as ‘Di- qfcorides and others aflirm; of which there are two kinds, propagated {ome- times by feeds, but generally by flips, fet in April; the two kinds are, rum laon‘. Ger. p. 12 55. or rate bort. ma'or. ‘Park. [3.133, mm capraria jive ga ga, Ger. 125 3. Tar/z. p. 417. of which there is both a purple and white flower; but this is not of that account as the other, nor likewife are {ome other kinds of It. It is an excellent herb in all pefiilen- tial cafes, and a great clearer of the fight, according to that Salemian verfe, Nobili: 4? mm ‘Quia lamina reddit acute. And fo great a preferver of health, when drank together with fagc in wine, that the The Tram“! Kitchen Gardiner. 3x9 the fame fehool fays alfo of it, in all contagious times, film'a mm mm Faciunt tibi [Jerald tum—— Camomil, cbamxmlum, zdpaltfamhova/F [117.710- quia capim femifpbtrim (quiéu: flare/””1- nafamtur) adore»: mali cidam'i game- m: a’mulam‘ur. Cat. Hort. Botan. Oxon. p. 46. fub titulo C. is avery ufeful herb, and that {hould not be omitted in this lift, both for its ufes in the kitchen, but much more for the laboratory, where its flowers are in the highefl efteem, as participating of {ome of the noble pro~ perties of the quince, which gives the name MM» to it. There are three kinds that have been fome time cultivated with us, via the diamante/am ‘vuég. Ger. ,0. 7 54. Turk. p. 8 5 . chamremelum flor. piano, double camomil, Ger. p.755. Tar/e4). 89. and the chamremelum nudum, in pag. prwdtfi. of Gerard and 7’arkinfon. To conclude: Many and wo’nderful are the virtues and properties of plants, that the garden and field prodhces, both for the divertilement and the prelhrvation 4 Of 320 T be Tmflz'cizl Kitchen Gardiner. of life; and tho’ I don't pretend to fet up for a phyfieian, or prefcriber of re. medics, yet I can't finilh this fefiion without fetting down a molt excellent receipt for afcver, which will in agreat meafure illuflrate what I have before af- ferted, relating to the univerfal benefit that accrues to mankind from the bo- tanick garden and dil’tillary. An excellent fiver water. B] 414d]; Alec of coltsfoot fix handsful, of feabious three handsful, of wood- betony two handsful, {pear-mint two handsful, and red role-buds, the whites being cut out, two handsful; wipe all thefe herbs, then take of liverwort three great handsful, well walh'd and pick’d, garden-(nails, well wip’d and bruis’d, I‘hells and all together, fourfcore; of orris-roots beaten to powder,three drams; fitted the herbs, and, with the fnails, put them into a gallon of new milk, firew- ing the powder amongf’t them; {lit them all together, putting them into a difiil; let all (land cover’d a whole night, and in the morning difiil it with a gentle fires not ufing it till it is a fortnight 4. 01d, lee Traffiml Kite/am Gardiner; old, and then it is a molt excellent fe- brifuge. ‘ You mul‘t give the fick party, if a man, nine fpoonfuls, fweetned with a little lugar, warm, the lafl thing at night, and firfl in the morning failing; if a wo- man, feven fpoonfuls; if a child, five fpoonfuls; if an infant, three fpoonfuls, at night only; and if the party wants fleep, l‘wceten it with fyrup of red pop- \pies. It may alfo be given to a woman in child-bed with great fafcty. S E C T. VIII. C HAP. LIX. 0f the mzljbroom. ' I 'HE mulhroom, or more properly , iiiOtilL‘thOOh, from a kind of a faint, dilagreeable, musky fmell; by the Franc/2, [ham/Ignaz”, muff nOt be omit- ted in this treatife of kitchen garden- ing, having been of old exalted to the feeond courfe of the Czefarz'zm tables; and, as Mr. Evelyn obferves, ennbbled with the title of Bea/m At’wy, a dainty fit for the gods. Thefe fungi have their original, as Mr. R4}, in his Hg'flory of T1472”, lié.z. p. 84. tells us, from fu- Y nus 321 u T/ae Traflical Kite/Jen Gardiner. ' 7m: and ago, importing a kind of ma? lignancy that is in thofe that are un- eatable, (being the true boletm of the Romans) by which many have been poi- fon’d and brought to their fimm, or fu- neral pile; amongi’t which was the em~ peror Claudius himfelf, who, as Sueto— m'us tells us, was a great lover of them, but by the management of the famous flgréopina, in order to make way for N era to the throne, was poifon’d by them, of which juvenal has it, Sat. 6. -——Tremalumque caput dcfcendere jafliz‘ I72 mlum——--—-—-—-—-— And Kim/yer, in his treatife ‘De 10.53/36, as the aforefaid Mr. Ray obferves, fays of them, that whoever eats them ought al- ways to be aware of its deadly qualities, and as it were prepar’d for their latter end; let me give it in his own words, fimgm qualg'fcunque fit femper malz‘gnus, [émper exitz'alz'um qualitamm apparam ‘ivg/frzzfim, (re. But notwithftanding the fevere in- veétives the authors aforemention’d (and before them Tim] and others) have made againlt them, there are fome of there fpecics T196 Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. fpecies that are to be eaten with plea- fure, as may be [em in Gerard, lid. 3. cap. 167. and in Tarkinfmz, lié. 14. mp. 62. befidcs many other kinds in the two Baubz'mts's, C/uflus, (/76. but I rather re- fer my reader to the kinds mention’d by our own countryman Gerard, in his ex- cellent treatife of plants. The good ones are called by the ge- neral name of fungi vulgati/fl'mi (fru- [anti , the figures of which Gerard has given in the aforefaid chap. p. 157 9 and on the other fide, thofe that are deadly, which are difcover’d by their fhape or colour, being generally yellow, and in the form of a buckler; whill’t thofe that are good are of a white colour, and round as a ball or culhion; but for the better underlianding of this, I refer my reader to the before mention ’d Her- MI. The belt eatable mulhrooms grow in dryifh upland paflure ground, in fheep- walks and cow-downs, and are much better than thofc that grow in the {bade in moory boo ggy places; or under the bodies of old trees, which are general- ly poilonous, according to that of Ho- race, Y 2 ‘sz‘mv 333 324 The Trafiital Kite/Jen Gardiner. Tmz‘en/[bns optima fungi; Natnm (fl, a/z'z': male creditur. Mr. R4], in his Hiflor] of Tlants, lib. 2. mentions no lefs than twenty four different kinds of this efculent mufh— 1'oom, which grow in other countries, fome of them of a very large dimenfion, all which might be propagated by the methods hereafter to be fer down; but there is one particular kind that was brought to light by that great difcoverer of vegetative nature, Dr. [Martin Lifler, in that part of the country of Tork cal- led Craven 5 in fllw's martonenfibus prope flagnnm Tinno difinm, are his words; which is by ‘70/9. Bnubinns called the fungus plpemtus 4/511: [467w fitcco tur— gem', or the milky pepper mulhroom; and by the long defcription that great naturalift gives, is a moi‘t excellent kind, and poflels’d with all the good qualities that can be found in a mulhroom; par- ticularly that it never changes its co- lour in boiling, dye. which is an induce- ment fuflicient to procure the earth, and raife them clfewhere, as {hall be here- after defcribed. SECT. {J The Trafiical Kite/.2672 Gardiner. 3 5 S E C T. VIII. C HA P. LX. 0f tlae met/gods of mifng mujbraoms. H E methods of raifing mufhrooms Lord Ba- . have been fomething different :22; afm‘“ from one another. The learned Lord miflng Bacon, in his Natural Hiflorjy, Cent.VI. ”HI/11mm; Exp. 547, 548, 549. relates from report, that the bark of white or red poplar (which are of the moiflel‘t trees) cut fmall and call into furrows well dung’d, will caufc the ground to put forth mufh- rooms all the feafons of the year, fit to be eaten 5 and that fome add to the mix- ture leaven of bread diflolved in water. As alfo, that if a hilly field where the Ptubble is (landing be fet on fire, in all {h0\vry1caf011s it will put forth great (lore of mulhrooms. To which he adds, but it is upon report likewife, that harm- horn {haven into fmall pieces, mix’d with dung, and water’d, putteth up mulhrooms; and we know, fays he, that hartshorn is of a fat clammy fubfiance, and it may be oxhorn would do the like. Y 3 The 3.26 Otlmr ex- pz’fillltfllfi (3f Mar/hm; (1.1’11‘07‘. 97'? French MUM/1' zf rag/[711g rza-zflw-wm. The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. The fame author, in his 5462‘]? Ex- periment before-going, complains that the qualities of thcfe mulhrooms are apt 'to fulfocatc and cmpoifon, and that they lie heavy at the fiomach, and are the caufe of what he calls the incubus, or night mare. But to purfue the practice of railing mufhrooms; we find the antient praflice of our gardiners has been only to make hot beds, or rather to expeét them to grow naturally on cold beds; by which they appear to fpring from the old mouldy dung, as they do in commons and upland fields, from thofe circular tracts of moul- dy earth that are there found, called by fome the fairy dances. And thcfe. old beds, when they are watered with water wherein mufhrooms have been wafh’d, will produce an in- numerable quantity for {ome months to; gether. And to this may be added, what I have few in fome old books of gardening, that beds made of old dry mouldy hay, thatch, or mufly dung, and watered as you make it up, will raife mulhrooms very well. But the French (and amongf’t them Mr. ‘De la oQuintinje) are generally f0 curious in lee Y’rafiiml Kilcben Gardiner. in this, that they make beds there to ferve for mulhrooms in all feafons of the year; though they cut not till about three months after they are made, and that is when their great heat is fpent, and the beds are grown mouldy within. Thefe fort of beds are made in new and fandy ground, in which is made a trench of about fix inches, as Mr. Emlyn tranf- lates; but I fuppofe rather two or three foot deep. Then they cover them with a layer of about three or four inches of the fame mold. They are raifed in the form of an afs’s back; and over the co- vering of earth they lay another of five orfix inches of long dry dung, which ferves in winter to {helter the mufh- rooms from the frofi, which dellroys them ,- and in the fummer from the great heat that broils them; and likewife, to prevent the mifchievous effects of thofe heats, they further take care to water them gently twice or thrice a week. Thofe beds that are for mufhrooms are made under ground, as Mr. Te [ll (Quin- tinje obferves, but thofe that are for melons, e’yc. above; but he adds not any thing concerning the watering them with mufhroom or warm water. Y 4 But 3 a’ a 7 328 71? Italian pies they raife them artificially in their 77/61‘1‘01/ cf mi/Fzg rfly'él/Ivi'aazlzr. ' H The {Prafiz’cal K ire/am Gardiner; But Mr. Ewbn tells us, that at Na- wine cellars, upon a heap of rock earth, thrown upon a heap of old fungm’s re— duced and compacted to a [tony hardi- nefs, upon which they lay earth, and fprinkle it with warm water, in which mulhrooms have been fteep’d. And in France by making a bed of afles dung, and when the heat is in temper or is abated, watering it as above, with water well impregnated with the parings and offals of refuieflmgus’s; and fuch a bed will hit three or four years. But mOre agreeable to realbn (if it hits [0 well in experience) is the method Mr. Bradley hints at, which I {hall produce in the lafi place, being much to our pre- fent purpofe. By this it is (fays that in- genious author) that all lovers of mulh- rooms are to be reminded of looking out into the fields and upland meadows, where mulhrooms grow, under which they will find a fort of earth thar is a- bout their roots, which is full of fine white fibres or threads, which have allb fomctimes white knots appearing, which contain all that is neceilary for the pro- duc’lion of mufhrooms, at any time of the The Traé‘r’z’cal Kitchen Gardiner? the year; and mutt be kept dry till you ufe it on your mufhroom beds, for the white roors or fibres are f0 tender that they are apt to tor, if laid in moii’t places. The firl’t that fhew’d me this kind of earth, was Mr. Bradley, who has alfo given fome account of it in his monthly experiment; printed for Mr. lVoodward, bookfeller at the Half-moon near Temple-Bar; fince which I have caus’d fome to be dug up, which have thofc fibres there mention’d; butI have not yet had the opportunity of trying the experiment. - This earth may, according to the ac- count I had of Mr. Brad/e] himfelf, be kept for a twelvcmonth together in large clods, in a dry room; and when you have a mind to plant any, put fome of the clods on your bed, and crumble them as gently as you can 5 after which cover it over about half an inch thick with good mold, and you may give the bed a gentle watering; which done, lay fome boughs of wood over the bed, and if there be any danger of froft, cover it with mats in the night. But you mufi note, that a bed made roundilh is much properer for this purpofe than one made flat. 3 7 d 95 330 The i’rafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. flat. The only misfortune that fpoils thefe mufhtooms, and which caufes them to come up in the fpring, or in autumn, much better than in the fummer and winter feafons, are the two extremities of heat and cold 5 on which account it is that the beds fhould lie round, to throw off all fuperfluous moifiure in the- rainy months; and fhould alfo be co- ver’d over with fhort litter, to keep them cool, and from the too intenfe heat of the fun, as the practice of Mr. Fain/9274’ and others, on this head, con- firm. And if they be under a little fhade, Where the glimmerings of the fun only come, ’tis (till the better. SECT. VIII. CHAP. LXI. 0f fitbtermneom fungus’s, or tuéerr. H E fungus reticularir, of Mr. E cues- ljn, is to be found about Ful- lmm, and other places, particularly in a park of my Lord Cotton’s, at Rujbton or Rujblz'ng in Northampton/hire; and, as I have allb been inform’d by a gardiner) at my Lord Cullen’s, from which place the prefent Duke of Montague has often 4 had The ‘meiiml Kitchen Gardiner; had them to Bowden; which whether it be the fame place as the former, I am not certain, nor do I find any mention made in any of our Englijb Herbals, of them. The manner of finding them out in Italy, as Mr. Ray, in his Hiflmy af‘Plemn, lib. 2. p. I I I. as well as others that have travell’d in thofe countries, tell us, is to tie a firing to the hinder leg of a fwine, which will fmell them out, and dig them up with his fnout. And I have been inform’d by a gentleman (how true it is Icannot tell) that the prefent king of Sardinia has a kind of dogs that do as it were fer them, and by making of a full Prop give notice where they are to be digg’d for. In Italy they fry them with oil and vinegar, by which means they are very grateful to the taf’te, as Illenze/z'm relates. He adds, that there is a kind of them that he obferv’d near Fur/Zenwa/d, that rclEmbled the tefiicu- lat parts of a man, [cram denzzdaz‘o, as he terms it. This, as well as the other kind, are very effeftive in venereal em- braces. It is pity that we can’t as yet find out the method of propagating thefe (0 much 331 '33 ‘ T/ye Tmft’iml Kitchen Gardiner; much defired dilhes; perhaps there might be a method of doing it by the pro- curing of the earth where they grow, which certainly contains fome femimzlz'a or fragments of thofe tuberous roots which when tranfplanted out might grow with us, as many other things do, and particularly mufhrooms. Mr. Ray fays of them, that the roots are of an un- equal globular figure; that they grow in fandy ground, and under trees, and that even in our country; but he does not mention where. They are fometimes as big as a melon, being covered with a black skin, rough and full of clefts or furrows ; the internal lubflance is of a milky colour, of a grateful tafie, and that the place of their growing is dif- covered by certain chafms or clefts, that are difcovered in the fuperficies of the earth. Bur I leave this account to fome farther trials, which I intend, God wil- ling, to make. In the mean time, belides the ul‘cs of this root in cookery, Ican’t but obl‘erve from Cardan, in his book ‘De ruurietm‘e rerum, mp. 28. that when it is boil’d and ufed plaiflerwife, in all quinzies, and forenei's of the throat, that it has relicv'd "WI, The Trnfiienl Kitchen Gardiner: reliev’d thofe that have been at the point of death. And joh. Bnnhz'nns, tom. 3. lih. 40. cap. 8. p. 85 I. mentions another excellent kind, which he calls tuhernm genus, qnihnfdnm eerw' holetuss and C. Ban/aim“, tnhern cervinn; fabled to be rais’d from the genitals of a flag, to be found at Trenzinnm, a noble city of IInngary. Which finifhes what I have at prcfent to obferve under this head. S E C T. VIII. C HA P. LXII. A catalogue of feeds, plants, &c. for the nfe of the kitchen garden. Fruits. Fihrem-rooted plants. ENg/zfl: Frenehgmelon. Collyflower. Spanijh Englzfl: Long Tntch gcabbage. Short gcucumber. Rufln Prickl ‘ fDnteh , Calabaylh. Yellow}{aV°ys' Citrul. Borecole. Gourd . Broccoli. Pumpion. Colcwort. 4. Red 333 T he Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. Red White gheet. Roman Artichokes. Sueeory. Common gafpara- gus. 2mm Spanijb Seed: of efculent roots. Long Round gturnep. Yellow French navew. Orange Red Swelling parfnips. Skirret. Scorzonera. Salfify. Potatoe. Strashmgh‘ Red Spa- m'fl: }carrot. WhiteSpa- >Qpion. m'fl: E ng/z'fb Welch J London French Peek. Shallor. Garliek. Roceambo. Cives. Legumer of fiveral kmdr. Hotfpur — Gofiwrt or Spamfl: Sandwich Winafor Edward '5‘ early Flmders early Green’s early Barns Long Reading Marrowfat Grey Blue Green \Vhite beans. hotfpur >. peafe. J peafe. rouneivals. Large The Traflim’ Kitchen Gardiner. Large white Small White fugar Grey peafe. Dwarf E00- ‘ ‘Dm‘c/a ad- miral ’ \Vinged Crown or rofe , Large whitcgkid- > peafe. Small white ney Speckled beans- Salleting fieds. Sellery, two kinds. Alifanders, or Ma- cedonian parfley. Fennel. ~ Succory. Endive. Radilh, common and Hanover. Cabbage ’ Brown- €Dutc/o 57/614 flmbian lettuce. 335 Roman ‘ Imperial Col}: (the mofi e- ‘ fleem’d) Red Spa— mflr ' Capuc‘lyin Saw] Aleppo Smyrna Laméamf/J :> lettuce. Root: or (if/2t: of berbr. Mint. Tarragon. Sage. Cives. Onion. Chiboul. Burner. Rocket. Sorrel. Crell'es. Rampion. Corn-fallen Turnep. Hartlhorn. '336 The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. Hartlhorn. Muflard. Cherville. ' Spinach. Lop lettuce. Purflane. Nafiurtian. Other fweet herbs, and pot herbs. Thyme. Winter Summer}favory' Winter fweet Summer marjmm. Plain Curled}Parflcy' Rofemary. Hyfl‘op. Borrage. BUglofs. BloodWOrt. Marygold. Columbine. Orach. Tanfy. Coafimary. ' Sweet maudlin. Balm. Mint. Of the ufefulpbzfi cal beret cultiva- ted in the kite/am garden. Carduus benediec. Angelica. Balm. Carraway. Anifc. Coriander. Faenugreek. Rhubarb. Eleeampane. White poppy. Dill. Wormwood. Abrotanum. Lavender. Rue. SECT. The Traéfieal Kite/Jen Gardiner. S E C T. VIII. C HA P. LXIII. Of kite/yen garden fieds; a geezeml eze- eozmt of the time of their fprezeting, flaapes, Ste. 1 T will be of no finall import to gen- » tlemen and gardiners, that they are made acquainted with the nature and property of garden feeds and plants, their time of fprouting, fhape, manner of pro- ‘ pagation, (he. all which will much con- tribute to their fatisfaé’tion in all kitchen garden produétions. Pliny himfelf, [25.19. cap. 7. giVes a {hort sketch of the times that all feeds lp1out in; which, becaufe no body has done it before, Iihall tranflate, for the benefit of my reader, with fome altera— tion, advifing my reader that the foil he wrought in, was undoubtedly two or three days more early than ours; [weer bafil, blite, the turnep, burnet, (ye. appear above ground the third day. To which we may alfo add, from later ex- perience, the radiih, garden creffcs, mull tard, (3e. tho’ ‘P/z'igy allows them live or fix days time to fprout in; dill, fen- Z nel, DJ ‘4 338 The ‘Prafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; nel, (9'6. the fourth day; lettuce, if the weather be good, or on a hot—bed, the fifth or fixth; the cucumber, melon and gourd, the feventh; the beet, in the fummer, comes up in fix days, in the winter in ten; atriplex in eight 5 the leek in ten or twelve; but the onion, to wnichl add the carrot, parfnip, (76. not till after nineteen or twenty days [owing ; the origammz and coriander, in thirty ; but the apium or parfley, as ‘Plz'. 71y obl‘erves, is the melt difficult of all, it being forty days a ibi'inging, when it comes the quickell, and fifty, generally (peaking. Some kinds of feeds {‘pring quickeii (lays this antient author) when it is the newefi, as the cucumber and gourd 5 but parlley, beet, cardamum, origami”: and coriander, when old 5‘ it being remarkable allb in the beet, that it will produce two or three years fol~ lowing after one another; for which realbn it is pmpagated with great cafe. Some there are that produce but once a year, {ome o‘i‘tner, as parlley, leek, (3%. for thefe being once planted, produce with an irrelilhble fertility for many years. The The rammed! [rm/m; cm"; The feeds of many are round, fome long, fome foliaceous and broad, as the atrzflex or orach; fome narrow and channell’d, as the cummin. Nor are there leis difiinétions in their colours, fome being white, fome black. The radilh, mul’tard and rape produce finall circular leaves. The feed of parfley, coriander, fennel and cummin, are na- ked; but that of the blitc, beet, atri- plex, fweet balil, évct are covered all over with a tough skin; as the lettuce is invefled with a woollet garb; with much more to the fame put-pole, which that great naturalift produces to {hew the great variety there is in garden feeds. But whatl would more particularly appropriate this chapter to, is the parti- cular lhape of each feed, and of fuch other things which contribute to or de- fcribe the produetion or multiplication of any fort of plant or legume; which I {hall do in an alphabetical order. Anife is altogether like fennel feed, by which only it is multiplied, being [own in February or 1%;er 5 it is pretty linall, of a yellowilh green, and of a longifh wall figure firip'd. Z 2 Artichokes 3 Q J 9 34° The Traé‘fical Kite/Jen Gardiner. Artichokes are fometimes taifed by feeds that grow in their bottoms, when they are fufl'er’d to grow old and flower, but generally by flips or off-fets. Afparagus is propagated by feed only, which is black, a little ovular, round on one fide, and flat on the other. The melifl‘a or balm is multiplied by runners or cuttings, tranfplanted in d- pril. Beans are too well known for me to fay any thing, more than that they are raifcd from flat feed or fruit of their own kind. Beets are multiplied by feeds, fowed only in [Wire/9. Borrage by feed, which is of a black colour, and a long bunchy oval figure, {owed in [Ware/J or April 5 as is buglofs, in the fame manner, the feeds being both alike. The feed of burnet, by which gene- rally this plant is propagated, is pretty big, a little ovular, with four fides, all over engraved as it were, in fpaces be- tween thefe four fides. Cabbage, the feed of a brown cinna- mon colour, is multiplied only by feeds {owed at different feafons of the year. Catduus The Trafiical Kitchen Gardiner. Carduus is propagated by feed only, of a longilh ovular lhape, and about the bignefs of a wheat corn, of a greenilh olive colour, mark’d with black fireaks from one end of the feed to the other, town from the middle of April to the latter end. The feed of carrots, and their time of fowing, are too well known for me to mention it. . Sellery, or celery, is alfo well known to be of a finall, yellowifh, longifh fi- gure, like parfley, a little bunch’d. Cherville is multiplied only by black long feed, not unlike black oats, but much longer, and lharper pointed, like needles. Chibouls are a kind of {mall onion, fow’d at all feafons to eat whilfl young; the feed is not bigger than common gunpowder, (0 like the leek, (76. that it's hard to dil’tinguilh the one from the Other. Citruls, Pumpions or Pumpkins, are propagated by feeds only, of a large whitilh colour, neatly edged about the fides, fow’d in Marc/a, é‘w‘. Englzfl: cives are multiplied by of- fets that grow round about their tufts, Z 3 planted 341 34 .4 The ‘Pmc‘i‘iml Kite/am Gardiner; planted in flpril, or any other moii‘t feafon. Collyflowers and eoleworts, as the b1a111ca or ca bl awe, and its kinds, is multiplied b1 iced only, about the bis:- nets of a large pin’s head, invefied with a kind ot a brown cinnamon—co- lour’d skin. The feeds of cucumbers are ovular, of a middling thicknefs, but white, as thofe of melons are yellow or cream-co- lour’d. Endive, as alfo fuccory, is multiplied only by feed, which is of a whitilh grey colour, flat at one end, and roundiih at the other, is fow’d at feveral times of the year, as before. Fennel feed is like the anife, before del‘cribed, and is propagated in the fame manner. Garliek is produced by kernels or off- fets, parted from the middle of the old root, and t1‘a111pla11tetl in Alan/9 or 14- pril. Hyil’op is propagated by feeds, but ge- nerally by flipms La1ender is tometimes multiplied by feeds, but oftner by lets. Leeks The Trafiiral Kilt/Jen Gardiner. Leeks are multiplied by feeds only, as the well-known onion, and at the lame time and feafon. Lettuces are propagated by feed only, fome whereof are white, and others black 5 the bell feed is from thofc that have flood all winter. Mallows are propagated by feeds. Marjoram is propagated by feed (tho’ often by flips) which is fhaped almoft like a lemon, of a pretty light cinamon colour, {owed in [limo/9. Melons are multiplied by feed, like that of cucumber, but of a pale yellow, or rather cream colour, [owed in diffe— rent feafons. Vida melons. Mint, like balm, is multiplied by run- ners or off- fets, that run upon the ground and take root, but bear no feed that I ever (aw. Nal‘turtian flowers, of two kinds, are raifed by feeds, invel’ted in avery rough coat, {owed in [Wart/a. Onions, as well white as red, Spa- m'fl), Strasburg/a or [Vale/0, are all raifed by feed, like that of the leek or chi- boul, as has been already intimated. Parfley, as well the common as the curled fort, is only propagated by feed, Z 4- of 34-3 344 The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner. of a greenifh grey colour, {owed at fe- veral {calons of the year. Pa1lnip feed, and its time of towing, is too well known for me to repeat it here. As are alfo peafe; which I refer to its proper article. Purllane is a pretty feed, black, and extraordinary fmall. To have good feed, it is befl‘ to tranfplanribme of the belt plants at the end of Aid], at a foot dif- tance from each other, which in good fummers will produce good feed towards the latter end of the year. Radifhes are well known to be mul- tiplied by feed only, @152 The roccamboles, othe1wiic Sfmmfb garlick, is a mild fpccies of that kind, of a much finer gufi than common gar- lick; it is multiplied by cloves taken off from the old root, as garlick is; or by' the feeds, which are not much unlike the cloves themfelvcs, about the bigneis of ordinary pcafc, and grow in bunches on the top of the flalks. The emu: or rocket is multiplied by feed, which is cxneme (mall, and of a cinnamon or dark tanny colour, (owed at diicrs lcafpns. Rue The Trafiiml Kite/m2 Gardiner; Rue may be multiplied by feeds, but is more ulhally propagated by layers, flips or cuttings, fer out in April. Sage is multiplied by flips, let" out in flpril. Savory by feed, or flips fet out at the fame time. Scorzonera, and common falfify, is propagated only by feed, which is fmall, longiih, and round Withal, and of a whitifh colour, and grows in a kind of a ball mounted on the top of the flalk of the plant, having its point enrich’d with a kind of beard like that of dan— delion; it comes eafily of feed fowed in [Hart/o, (’76. Sellery. See Celery. Shallots are multiplied by off-fets, as gal-lick is, and at the fame time. Smallage. Hide Celery, or Cellery. Sorrel is fometimes multiplied by feed, but more generally by flips and off-fets, tranfplanted in [Wart/9. Spinage is multiplied by feed, which is large, and fometimes horned, and {ome— times finoorh, of a greyiih colour, and is lowed at feveral feafons of the year. Thyme, or time, is often multiplied by feeds, which are fmall, but more of- ten 345‘ 346 The Trafiical K itc/Jen Gardiner. ten by flips, fet in April; which is too well known for me to enlarge upon it in this place. Turneps are well known to be mul— tipiied by feeds, which are fown at dif— ferent {cations of the year, of the ihape and colour of cabbage. \Vith which 1 (ball conclude this fee- tion. SECT. IX. CHAP.LX1V. A772 abflmfl of mom/.20 direfiiom in the lain/2m garden, tat/am from the/arafiice of the Malawi/amen and Iain 3m gar- dimr: about London. I T is proper I {hould obferve that the following abl’tract was drawn up for a young perlon that was fent up by a nobleman to the gardens about Lam/Jeri]; to be inilrne‘tcd in kitchen gardening, as it is indeed there praé‘tis'd with as great liiccels as it is any where about Londm; and confequently it is the re- fult oi“ their laborious praflice; which mufl be ei‘teem’d of much better than any fpeculative directions lately publifh’d, {0 I defire the reader to take them in the homely drels they are deliver’d to me. S E C TI Tbe ‘Pmfiiml Kitchen Gardiner; S E CT. IX. CHAP. LXV. _ Oéfervatiom and direflionsfbr Ianuary.‘ O\V (fays the neathoufe gardiner) we begin to low onions on beds, for to draw off in the fpring, and fome lettuce of feveral forts; now you fow alfo cucumbers on feed—beds, for to come in on the latter end of Marc/.1 or the beginning of April; likewife fome melon feeds, for to come in in M4] and yum. If the weather be open, we {ow our warm borders with young falleting of feveral forts; and alfo we {ow our fecond crop of pcal‘e and beans. In this month we {ow our firfl carrots, for to come off in flpri! and May; we con— tinuc making our beds for forc’d afpara’ gus. The manner of the beds are to be three or four foot thick of dung, half a foot thick of mold on the top of the bed, before the roots’ go on, {0 you trim your roors and prick them on the bed, and then put four inches of mold on the top of the roots, and fo let it lie till the fluff appear above ground, and then make a rope of horfe-dung or hay, 3+7 '34:: Tire Tmfiz'ml Kite/9m Gardiner. hay, and put it round the edge 'of the bed, and then put your boxes and glaf- fes, Or other frames on, and put two or three inches of mold more on; if your fluff comes up well, you may pull ofi‘ your glaffes if the weather prOVes fair and ferves for it; and if the beds lhould lofe their heat, you mull line them with frefh dung. N .B. For your farther directions, fee thofc for alparagus, particularly about the choice of good roots. SECT. IX. CHAP. LXVI. Olflrvm‘iom and direc‘iiom for February. HE cucumbers and melons that I were {own in yammry are now come fit to plant out in the nurfery- beds, to continue till they go on the ridges, the latter end of this month, or beginning of [Wart/.7. Now we begin to work up our firfi banks, in order for to fow our firl’t feafon of radilhes and fpinagc. Now We {ow fome onions, and carrots and parfnips in the open ground, and allb to plant out fome cab- bage plants. 1f the weather be open, 2. we The ‘Prath'cal Kite/Jen Gardiner; we plant our banks that were {owed with radilh and fpinage, with why- flowers out of the boxes; and fo we plant out our hard onions for to fland for feed. \Ve {ow fome lettuce, viz. the Sileffa and Imperial, for to plant out to fucceed the lettuce that was planted in Ofieéer. 1f the weather be good, we fow our crops of onions ando carrots; likewil‘e we few more cucumbers and melons, to fucceed thofe fowed in Ya- numjy. \Ve continue planting out of collyflowers and cabbage plants, for a fucceflion to thofe planted out in Offe- éer, Noveméer and yummy; and alfo We continue the {owing of more peafe and beans in open ground, on the fides of our ridges of ground that was trench’d in Nm‘eméer and Teceméer; for thefe ridges (as has been elfewhere obferv’d) nor only preferve your peafe and beans, when they firfi peep up, from thofe cold and piercing winds that come from the North and North-Eat}, but the rains and fnows likewife fink oil‘ from the \oung, and as yet tender roots, and the rows lie open to the warm and cheer- ful embraces of the fun, efpecially if in the trenching your ground you forecalt to 349 £350 The Traifiml Kitchen Gardiner; to lay the flank fide of the ridge to; wards the fun as it lhines about one or two a clock; or, to {peak mathemati~ cally, when thofe flanks are of right angles with it. Now alfo we continue the making of beds for forc’d afparagus, and the month concludes with {owing of more falleting, and planting out of lettuce on banks under warm reed hedges ; and now you may begin to few kidney beans under your glaflbs on the nurfery bed, to plant out in your frames, in order to have them early, and it will fuceeed well, and repay your pains. S E C T. IX. C H A P. LXVII. Obfi’rvaz‘iom and direfiiom for March. N this month plant out your afpara- gus plants, on the ground that was prepar’d, and laft year 1bw'd with oni- ons, (four rows on a bed, at a foot dif- tanee, and a foor, or I rather add two, for the alley ;) you {ow again lettuce, radilh, lpinage, and lbme few onions to l‘ueeced thofe that are fow’d on the warm bank the lalt months. The dung being thrown up to make ridges for 1 cucumbers The Trdfiz‘ml Kitchen Gardiner: cucumbers and melons, you are to proé~ ceed to that work in a few days after the fame has fweetned well. Now fow your main crop of fpring collyflower plants, as alfo feveral forts of cabbage plants, to come in at the latter part of the year 5 fow alfo favoys to fucceed them that were fown in Augufl; but this is not the main crop; continue planting out collyflowers taken out from under the bell-glafles, leaving one of the flrongeft under every glafs, to come in and fruit early. Now it is, or it had been better to do it earlier, even in the preceding month of Feérzmr], if the weather be tolerably good, that you mull furr‘ound the abovemention’d bell- glaflcs; and as the dung wherein they were planted in the autumn is now {up- pos’d to be rorten, you mul’t cut or take away the old dung with a very {harp fpade, leaving only a ball within the cavity of the bell—glafs, to keep the col, lyflower plants Ready 3 and having ex- cavated the faid 01d rotten dung quite out, and as deep as you poflibly can with com enience, get fome good new hot dung and ram it all round the {aid ball or bell glafs, for this will [trike in llCW 351 "352 The Traffiml Kitcbm Gardiner. new heat, and, by the help of the bell.- glafs, will forward your collyflowcrs Very much. Plant out your cabbage likewife. Continue {owing of beans and peafe of feveral forts; obferve the deereafe of the moon to few your fel~ lery in, to prevent its running to feed. Fork your alparagus,a11d, if the weather be good, level your artichoke t1enches; fow fome more young lettuce and fal- leting; 10w more cucumbers and me— lons for your bell-glafles and ridges; low more kidney beans in the upper or back fide of your melon ridges, to come in early, having already planted out thoie fow’d the lall month for that purpoi‘e. Plant out your Imperial and Si/cflzzlct- tuce (which were fow'd the preceding months) in warm places from under your bellglalll‘s upon beds in the open garden to lland to cabbage. The Trafiiml Kite/am Gardiner. s E c T. 1X. 0 H A P. vam. Oéfer'vatiom "and direé‘r'z'am for April. Lant out now your artichoke plants that you flip of your old flocks, the rows being four foot afunder, and two- foot difianee between each plant; and this you mul’t continue to do all this and the next month, in all vacant places in your garden where your early crops come off, in order to have plenty of artichokes in the latter part of the year; efpecially if it be a garden that admits of fale. You now continue {owing of young falletting' of all forts in open ground, and finilh the planting out thofe lettuce that were {own in February 5 and alfo pricking out your fpring plants, as cabbages and favoys. Continue making of ridges for cucumbers and melons, for the lafl crop. The crops that were {own in the months before—mention’d are now come fit for howing, as radiih and oni~ ons, carrots, parthips and fpinage. Ob- ferve the dccreafe of the moon in this month, to {ow your firl’t turneps; like- wife now {ow all forts of {weer herbs, A a. and 353 354 The .‘Praffiml Kathe” "Gardiner; and all forts of lettuce; and continue {owing of peafe and beans to come in one after another, in a proper order. Prick out your fellery, fame on a'hot- bed, to bring it forwards to plant in trenches, and others on cold beds, to come in later. Sow now your red beats and skirrets, fcorzonera and falfify; and, if rcquir’d, continue making of bell~ ridges for cucumbers; and now fow your main crop of kidney beans, in dry weather, and in trenches, the bottoms whereof ate fill’d with rotten dung, in cafe the ground is poor; tho’ fome there are that plant them on hills like hop- hills, and fill the bottoms in like man- flCI'. ‘ ' S E C T. IX. C H AP. LXIX. Oéfervzztiom and (firefliom for May. OXV l‘ome peal‘e and beans to come in late; continue making of bell- ridges, and {owing lettuce of every fort, and allb all forts of young falleting to cut in the feed-leaves. Sow {ome colly. flower feed to come in in Aro'vméer; {ow allb endive in this month, to come m T/Je Tram“! Kitchen! Gardiner. in- forwardst Plant out weekly fome fel- lery intrenches for tofland to whiten ;. fow more fellery feed 5 and alto {ow form: more cucumbers, on beds made {lightly for heat, with dung, or on a very good bOrder, for pickling. Your early banks whereon you fow’d your radifh, being now clear’d, land or how up the land about your collyflowers, and pan and mulch them with mown gtafs‘ or longifh dung, in order to water them. And now you may put on pigeons dung,; or any other mixture whereby. you prop‘of‘e to accelerate and make them large 5 bat they mull water them twice or thrice a week at leafl; if you could float them it would be better; and this- is jufl as you find they begin to button orflower. Lay out (fays our Neathoufe~man)..y.our cucumbers and melons from under your bell-glalfes; but he talkslike aLandoner, it is very rare that we dare take off even out frames in the country, much lefs our bells, which ought to be continued on all the hammer, and till the melons are overa- Towards the latter end of- the monthplantout your main crop. of cu~ cumbers for pickling. between your ear- lyandmiddlingeollyflowers, which will A a 2 foon 3‘56- 356 Tbe ‘Prafi‘iml Kitchen Gardiner; foon give way for them to expand and fpread themfelves. You continue {till the {owing of kidney beans in open ground, and in dry weather, elfe they are apt to rot. S E C T. IX. C H A P. LXX. Olzfertmfiom and direfliom for June, Lant out your cardoms that were {own in Marc/J. Sow and tranf— plant endive; and fow lettuce of all the kinds for later cabbaging, and in beds or borders a little inclinable to fhade. You continue planting out of fellery in trenches for to whiten; which you muf’t continue to do weekly, and alfo to earth it up one week after ano- ther, in all dry weather, to prevent rot- ting: fow now your lafi crop of pickling cucumbers. Now your crops begin to come off that were fow’d and planted in the fpring, as collyflowers, cabbages and other things; and now it is that the induftrious gardiner is bufily employ’d in clearing away the rubbifh, and dig- ging the ground, in order to put on 4 - other The Trafliml Kitchen Gardiner. Other later crops, as winter eabbages and favoys, for to fucceed thofe that were planted in the fpring. The col- lyflowers that were {own in Illa} are now come fit to plant out, you plant fome of them on the fides of your bell- glafs ridges, one between every glafs, for to {land to fruit after the cucumbers be gone. Plant out now fome of your largel’r leeks to whiten, in trenches, for foupes. The weather being dry at this time of the year, you water your cucumbers, melons, collyflowers and Other things, as the difi‘erent degrees of heat or drought require; but be fure no, waterings in moift weather, one drop of rain being preferable to any other water, except for collyflowers that root deep. Aas SECT. 3S7 3-5 3 The $mflieal {Kite/am Gardiner. ’S ‘E C T. "IX. CH A P, ‘LXXI. Okfemmz'om and direfliam far Tuly, 0U continue the works of the 7 former months, and plant out a- bundance of fellery in your nuri'ery beds, from your laf’t fowing, to be planted out in trenches in September and :Ofiaéer, that you may have a fuc~ ceflion for the whole winter. Sow now your lal‘t fealoii of Si/ejfla, Imperial, and common bright lettuce, brown Tutti), Calvin/9m and Vienna lettuce, all for- cab-baging in the autumn feafon. Sow fome endive for winter, and continue the planting out that {own in the pre- ceding month, to be ty’d up and Whit- en'd, and tiled with fellery (in its firfi coming in, in A'ugzg/f, and) in Ioupes, which will then begin to take place, Now are you to plant out your late cabbage and lhvoys for winter. About the middle of this month fow fome of the round {pillage for the autumn fea- fon. If the weather be dry continue to waiter cucumbers, and melons, and col- lyflowers. The Traffiml‘ Kitchen Gardiner. lyflowers. Sow your coleworts for to plant out in your afpar'agus alleys; likewife {ow fome of your beft colly- flower feed to plant under your bell- glafl‘es in the month of Ofiober; and towards the latter end is the time alfo for fowing of cabbage feeds for winter plants. 8 E CT. IX. C HAP. LXXII. Obfemations and firefliom fir Augull‘i. N the beginning of this-month, you are to fow your lafl‘ feafon of en? dive, for to {land the winter. Contls mic the planting out of fellery in trenches; Sow now your collyflower feed in your old melon ridges,- for to prick out in your frames or boxes, and: to {land the winter; and Continue to lbw what you began the latter end of lafi month, your forward {train of cabbages, fort‘o plant out in November. Alfo few-your Michaelmas feafon fpina’go and onions, to come forward in the lining. S‘ow alfo lettuce of feveral forts, fOr’to plant out in Canker on. your afpa'ra'gus- beds. Aa4 SECT. 359 360 The Traé’t’iml K ire/Jen Gardiner. S E C T. IX. C H A P. LXXIII. Obfer'va‘tiom and direfiz'ans for Sep- tember. Our pickling cucumbers now be- gin to go off 5 on which account you clear your ground for to plant fel- lery on in trenches for the winter. Prick out your coleworts on fome odd piece of ground, for to {land till they are re-planted between the choke trenches in the fpting, having already prick’d out the largefi of them in open ground, to [land for the winter cutting. Now prick out your collyflower and cabbage plants on your old melon beds, for to make them grow firong. Bind up your Spam'jb cardoms with hay bands, and mold them up for to make them fit for ufe. Alfo bind up fome of your white beet, to make it tender and fit for foupe. Continue {owing of lettuce for to plant out the latter end of the next month. You may now begin to force afparagus. Sow fomc corn-fallet for the winter; and continue planting out fellery and Cndivc. SECT. The Traih’ml Kitchen Gardiner. S E C T. IX. C HAP. LXXIV. Obferwtz‘am and direfiz'on: for Oé'tober. Ake clean your afparagus beds, and dig the alleys between the young fluff that was planted in the fpring, and cover the beds with the mold you dig out of the alleys. You may now plant lettuce onthe beds, and coleworts in the alleys, to draw of early in the fpring. You now plant and fow your firfl feafon of beans and peafe; or you may omit'it'till the latter end of this month, or the be- ginning of next. You continue plant- ing out of lettuce for to cabbage in the fpring, under fome very fecure warm wall or reed-hedge, the border lying a little floping or fhelving towards the fun, to throw off the fnows and rains. Lay your endive in trenches, to fiand the winter. Plant out your collyflowers three or four together under a bell, which may be drawn off, all to one, in the months of yammr} and Febru- ary coming. Now alfo you are to fill “P 361 '36: The Traffiral Kitclam Gdrdimr. up all your frames with plants of the fame fowings; and if your plants be {mall you may plant them On a hot- bed. You alfo continue the making beds for forced afparagus; and towards the latter end you may plant a few peafe and beans to come in very early; or you may omit it till the next month. SECT. IX. CHAP. LXXV. Obflrvaflons and direfiz'om for No- vember. ' Ung and land up your artichokes, and clean your alparagus beds, and cover them with lhort dung. Plant out your forward [train of cabbage plants, and alfo your colcworts, be. tween your artichoke trenches" You continue to {ow your early and hardy peafe and beans. Some or mail of your ground” being clear-’d, you begin to trench it for (pring. You conti. true a. fucceflion of beds for forced zfparagus. If the weather be open, continue planting out more lettuce on warm borders, or under boxes and " bells. ‘ Tbe ‘Trafii'm? Kitciam ”Cardin". bells, on old hot-beds; or if weak, throw a little dung together for that ‘ purpofe. S E CT. DC. C HAP. LXX’VI. Obfimatéonr and «1mm: for ‘De- t cember. ‘ O U continue {owing of year: and beans, either under t‘hofi: walls or warm reed hedges that VCR left tan-{own in the preceding month, or on the fides of your ridg’d or trench’d ground, as has been often taught; and alfo planting out of cab- bage plants in this month, in the man. ner aforefaid. Now it is you make {ome hot-beds for young fallctinw. You continue the works of the for- mer months for forcing of afparagus; and the whole month is employ’d in carrying out your dung out of the melonry, from your heaps that have laid rotting all the fummer, to be trench’d into your ground for the year Cnfuing. Your !!!! L3“? 1791’ Trafiiml K Etc/am Gardiner Your trenching ihould be perform’d in the following manner, the dung be— ing firft laid all over your ground, an equal mixture of long and) rotten to- gether, which, when dug in, keeps the ground hollow, and drains off all the {uperfluous moil‘ture; then you are to begin your trenching, by opening at firfl a trench about three foot, or three foot and a half wide, directly facing the fun (let it be acrofs or angle- -ways of your piece, if it will) as it lhincs at one or two a clock; for on the funny fide of thele ridges, which you mul’r lay up hog- back’,d or as piclced as you can, it is that you {ow and plant your fecond and third crops of peafe and beans, in yanuary and Fe- bump/5 as alfo your main planting of cabbages and collyflowers, to fucceed thofe that were planted before this time. SECT. The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; s E c T, IX. (3 H A P. LXXVII. fln account of the adjoining plan. Cannot finifh this treatife better I than by the annexion of the fol- lowing plan; which is not only a hand- fome, but a very convenient figure, as to the difpofition of the feveral afpeét- ed walls, quarters for fruit, legumes, 6%: fince there is act a pofition of the whole thirty two, (that of the North only excepted,) but has the equal and proportionate fharc of the fun. The hint Ifiri’t met with, that gave rife to all that I have thought on this fubjeé't, was taken out of a garden of ‘ this kind in the North, Where going from the bell front of the houfe to- wards the precipice of a fleep hill, you ‘ are prefented withla fine fruit garden of this form. I mui’t confefs I was not a little furpriz’d with the elegance and beauty that this figure firfl {truck me with; tho’ upon perufal I found it was , not in the center of the building, and wanted :65 4.“ T2: Tram“! Kitchen Cardin”; wanted many of thofe conveniencies that the nature of the place would have afforded. On this account it was that I refolv’d upon making: the adjoining plan, which will be of‘ great help to any gentleman or Other, that happens to make hisgar» den in: {o 10w a fituation, for by en- compaffing it with water, it adds a wonderful pleafure to the beholder; And by this means alfo it is, that borh fides of a wall may be planted; the. infide I {hould advife with peaches, neé‘tatines, and Other tender fruits, but the outfide, efpecially the North fide, with hardy pears, (TC. As to what pertains tovkitchen fluff: thofe quarters that are fituate on the backfide towards the North, are the properef’t for early roots and legumes; and’thofe towards the South fide, but under the fhade of the wall, withthofe that are later. The digging of the folfee round will go a great ways in railing the ground, 'and making the borders good, which is very proper in all low lituations. The Tbe Truffles! 1(5th Gardiner: The little pieces of wood, and wild walks, and the meanders and trees that will there be found, are all not only ornamental, but alfo a guard to the walls and fruit. Which is all the account I have at prefent time to give. A is the place from which you de-‘ fcend from the level of the par- terreg B is the entrance into the fruit and kitchen gaden; which I would adVife to by of iron work, all 0‘. pen. - C is the termination, or father end thereof, where a canal oflhsltand-_ fomely. 9 are ballions, after the latell manv' 1161'. E are pavilions above for fruit, and for banqueting, as they ferve be. low, on one fide for room for Rairs “36,7“ ‘36s The Traifical Kitchen Gardiner. ftairs to run up in, and on the other for gardincrs utcnfils. F are rcrrafl'cs round by the hike or grafl‘. * G is the canal. ,4 ‘I‘IIIIYI .2”; m'. Illl ‘ I‘ . I I . I ‘I l A“ III \.II‘,I" \|1-l I.“ ll II - HI 4“ . -I (m. .I, u. “.4." U “ mm... . .. I‘.'.| '. II I. lIII ' | . Il| 1. I'I I II Imam-w: ..._.'I“.‘Il.l.l aim.“ .'.I':.I‘.:-.'.‘ I '|l \\ ‘w‘. I\ |I I \\ m --. I..',.-_.'.I I I 'I‘II‘H I NH 1“ I ' J'l' . l I I II... I. l .‘II:I' Iln'l'l I I’I lII‘I‘I'I II I | :'|.Illl‘l‘l|‘ IHI'I | I H I | . .II ”I I ‘ llllllllll' 1"I'I’ Ll II I I|| l I ll I'I'I'III I III I II II I I.,I.,"Il .I l . I . I H .le II 'n‘ I .“II. I". , I I'I’. ' I‘ ll III'II I . | . "I’HI H I'I'N’I I"-'\I .,t..; ,.,,, . '.v ' I A SUPPLEMENT}; CONTAINING T/ae met/30d: of raiflng melons, and eztmméers very early 5‘ as alfa muflorooms, éorecole am! éroccolz', potato’s, and other ze/éfztl roots ahd'plams, aspmcczz's’d in France, Italy, Holland and Ireland. S E C T. X. C HAP. LXXVIII. O N the perufal of the foregoing (beers, after they were mofi of them printed off, I recolleéred {ome infirué’tions and ob’fcrvations that were omitted, which I had receiv’d fome years ago from a Tate/J gardiner, but which Ihave in this fupplement endeae vour’d to fupp‘ly. As to cucumbers, which are treated of in the fecond feé’cion, Ihavefrom him to B '0 add, 36-9 37.0 d SUTTLEMENTM add, that thofe thathave a mind to at tempt at the procuring of them very ear- ly, and to [ow their feed in November, or the beginning of ‘Dm’mber (as it is now praitis’d) that infiead of the flannel frames, Which Mr. Bradley recommends, the ingenious practitioner lhould have {quare hand glafl’es, to fet over his plants, which when planted out {hould be reduc’d into the compafs of fuch glaffes; at the top of which there lhould be a chim- ney, as they call it, made of one of the triangular fquares , fo faflned at the top by a ilaple made of wire, thatit may be opened on any occalion. When the hot bed is then ready, .the heat rais’d, and the plants fit to plant out from the feed bed as before directed, then you are to plant them out under thcfe hand glafles, and keep open the before— mentioned chimney, 1'0 as that the fieam may go out at top, which will in a great meafure prevent that dew that will other- wife drop upon the plants, and which is often the occafion of fpoiling and rotting them. And indeed this is the chief mill chief that attends the railing of plants thus early, before the fun has any power to dry up that pernicious moil’ture from r the Tlpe Tzafiz'ral Kitchen Gardiner.‘ the glafles- 5 and which mul’t unavoidably fall upon them in large fquare frames, where there are n0t fuch paflages. I fhould have advis d, that thoie chime neys or openings at the top of the {quare glals, {hould be always turn’d from the wind, leaf’t the cold get in, _ and hurt the - plants, as much the other way. It lhould have been alfo advis’ d, that there fhould :be hoops made of rods bended over the beds , with mats or fail cloth over them, :w hieh fhould be left half turn ’d back to- wards the North, to prevent any cold wind coming from that inclement quar- fter, and to .O'be 1n areadinefs to throw over” . the whole bed 1n cafe of {now , rain or frol’t. The plants being thus fecur’ d from the fieamthat arifes from the bed, are alfo fecur’d in a great meafute from burning; , for the [quare glalfes being plae’d four or » five inches clear of one another , and no . earth laid on the dung, a great deal of the pernicious fury and {team of the bed _ evaporates that way, and you need; not . fear your plants burning. ’Tis by this means, that you have no oceafion to take any care of any thing f0 much as the keeping your bed flrong, and . in good heat; for if once you fuffer 11 to be 2 cold .3?§ 372 "A SUT‘PLEMENT‘to cold,or its heat any way declining, that then your plants grow fick and yellow; and when they are fo,you will have a hard matter to recover them again. To this end, you muPr have flicks always (luck down a foot or two into the bed, to pull out, and feel, that you may difcover the temper of your bed upon all occafions : befides which, your finger {hould be often thrui‘t into the bed, that you may difcover the temper of your earth, and whether your bed does not want new heating a- gain; to cure which, you fhould always have frelh dung lye jui‘t by you 5 or if the bed heats too much, a dung fork to pull away part of that overmuch that was there before ; or an iron bar to thrufi down, if it rages into the heart of the bed, to let the ficrcenefs of the heat out. Thel‘e hand glafl‘es, 2151 have, I think, elfewhere intimated , are of excellent ufe; likewife when you tranfplant into your ridges, f0r thefe being fer a foot or two afunder, the Ream has free egrefls to evaporate up towards your hoop cover- ing, and up into the open air. What has been {aid of cucumbers, may be alfo apply'd to melons when they are young, which willalways breed them up Tlae Tmé‘fiml Kin/yen Gardiner; 37 3 up green, and healthy, when they are not debar’d of air, nor fuffocated with the {team or vapour that arilEs from the bed. For as the earth is not plac’d all 0- ver the bed or ridge, into which you put your plants, the fiery heat has room to e— vaporate, and wafie it felf on each fide the glafs, and the chimney gives liberty to that which is included in the glafs; fo that you are now guarded, asI faid, againl’t one of the chief misfortunes attending the railing and ridging of young plants. The raifing of muihrooms, alfo however Of rafflng good a difh it is, and how much foever’m’fl’mf” praétifed in France, Holland, and otherffiifihtjfi‘; parts of Europe, feems to be more ne-French. gle€ted in England than elfewhere, not- withflanding, that with us they are more natural, and that we have the greatei’t op- portunity of propagating them of any country whatfoever. I have already in the foregoing part of this treatife given an acount of the gene- ral methods hinted at by feveral authors for the propagation of this ufeful difh; but as I have fince that happened upon {ome papers that have been miflaid for fome time, I lay them now before my reader. B b 3 Let 37+ '1! SUTTLEMEN'T‘W' Let the earth, in which you WOuld' plant them, be of a lightifh nature, in a” ground as entirely new and frelh as you can, and dig there a hollow of four or fix 1: foot wide and a foot deep, and as long as you pleafe ; get then I’ome longilh dung from the fiable, and mix it with a-' little moulded hay or firaw, and throw it up together fOr four or five days, till the‘ whole bodyof dung is taint'ed‘with that mouldinefs, which is fo conducive to the \V ell growing of 111ufh1ooms If amongfl the earth ach em'CntionEd you mix tome earth that is a little moul- dy, and that has been w-ater’d \Viht the water wherein mulhréonis have been w'afh'd, and with parings of the {me it is tlill the better; well may add, if to all .you get the earth out of your {he'ep walks, and other places , Where you fee bunches of mulhrooms, and take from thé'n‘ce the earth clo’dded tOgether 1n balls, in which 31:: contained thole white milky fibres that are contained therein, you may af- furedly expeét a good race of mulhr‘obn‘i's. ' To proteed, let the bed be ra‘is’d about- a foot and :1 half, or tWo foot high; mix- ing and treading the dung as hard as‘yo’u‘ can, and laying it 1‘0 entirely round, as ' that The fl’rafiical Kitchen Gardiner. 37 < a that the water (which is very pernicious to thefc kind of plants) may run off on each fide. After that you are to cover the bed to the thicknefs of a foot more of the mold you can bei’t procure, and then place your prepared mold upon it, - to three or four inches half a foot in thicknefs or more, then add five or fix inches of the firf’t mold, and after all that three or four inches of litter, which in the winter may guard it from the cold, and in the fummer {hade them from thofe exceflive heats that {poil their {booting at that feafon of the year. ’This work ihould be done in flu’gztfl, September, or 062060, as you can be’f’t provide your earth; and then by putting on of an ordinary frame, or covering the Beds with hoops and matts over them, you may expeét to have mufhrooms all the winter, more or lefs, and one would not have lefs than ten or fifteen yards of fuch bed always at work. What I would next recommend is the Of 1/36 railing of borecole and broccoli, borh of raj/{77% if kin to one another in fpecie 5 but widely £23016” differingin quality and goodncfs. will I have already obferv’d in treating of this plant, that it is the Halmerida acc0rding . B b 4 to 376 'A SU??LEMENT to to Mr. Evelyn, or as it isin Telcampius’s edition, the Ilmerida of Tim], and {o rank’d amongl‘t the Crambe or {ea kinds of the Bra/[[64, growing as it does on the {hores of Naples and Sicigy, from whence the belt feeds are brought to England. It grows f0 common that it is not fo much a garden-plant in Italy, as it is a wild one; but in Holland, Where they . have been- always before us in the produc- tions of the garden, they have been culti- yated with great fuecefs, as the gardiners there, from whom I had this account, tef- tify. It is a hardy plant, and you may fomeit almofl any month in the year; but about flpril or May is the moi’t ufual time, for then it will fupply you with a pretty green curl’d boyler all the fummer, to mix with your turneps, carrots, colly-flowers, and other boiling roots and herbs, but the {lalkof the leaves, which is indeed the moi‘t ei’teemed part of it, is not {0 good, as it is more towards the middle of win- ter, and after the {roll has feized it, on which account it is efieem'd a better diih after Claw/Xmas, than it is before. It has been noted that it is a plant ea» {y to be mired if thC feed is good; but ’ there The Trfliml Kitchen Gmdiner.‘ there are in the culture and improvement feveral things worth obfervation; for the watch who are fome of the beft huf- bands of the world in their‘gardens, give it the belt foil they are able, and when they are planted at about two or three foot afunder in holes filled with good rich dung, they water them well with the rich- el’t and befi impregnated water they can, in order to make it grow large and crifpy, which is the chief and molt excellent qualification of this plant, efpecially as to the fialk, which they fometimes (trip of the green, and eat them with oil or butter, as they do their afparagus. What the particular ingredients were, with which they compounded the water for watering their broccoli plants with, I could not learn, any other than that it was compos'd of the richel’t of their foils, and had a large quantity of {alt—peter diflolv’d in it; but as the feveral kinds of impregnated water in the beginning of this treatife, Sec. II. Cap. V. pag. 44, 45, and 46. are taken from a Tun/J au- thor, Irecommend my reader thereto, alluring him from whatlhave obferv’d, he may expect great fuccefs from it, and that broccoli is thin and dry, and little 3 worth 377 3&3 77:5 m:- flmr] [If raéfing po- tato’r in: Ireland. 'A SU?‘PLEMENT to word? -‘tha‘t is not well labour'd with thefe kind of impregnations and improve- ments. I‘m‘ight add more; as the railing of af- paragus, artichoaks, fcorzonera, fallify, and other curious roots, after the French and Spanijb methods -, but as the methods of our own country are very excellent, I need. not enlarge any farther. The next obfervation I would make, of What has been omitted in the forego- ing treatile, contain’d in the fourth feeti- on, is- the method of railing Potato’s in Ireland, as I received it lately from a Gentleman of good intelligence, that is a husbandman, that lately came from thence, and which he tells me is the the thod us’d there at thistime by thofe that are the-heft husbands. “ He obferves upon the whole, that the “ method we ufe in England ofplanting ‘ the root whole is wrong; for that there ‘ are fiVe 0r fix eyes, and perhaps more, “ from which the produce of the next year “ is to fpring, that the {pace of ground al— “ lotted for that bulb, or rather the great -“ number of lhoots and bulbs that fpring “ from it, is net fufhcient for the nou- ‘f rilhment of them, and that therefore LC it A A The Trafiital Kitcbm’ Gardimr. “ it happens that agree“: many of the po- “ tato’s, that are'dugup‘in the autumn; “ arefmall and good¢fornot~hing.”. To- remedy'this (fays he)’ we chufe a‘middling root (becauf‘e the largefi they generally eat) and obferving all thofe eyes-that ap- pear to be flrong, and vigorous, we fquare‘ out that eye or eyes, leaving a good thick piece of half an inch to the eye, 12) that perhaps one Root will furnilh us with three or four good plants to fer. Having done this, the gr‘Ound is pre- par’d in: the following manner; let your» beds be four or‘ five foot wide, and the al- leys betWeen two or three more; when you have mark’d' out your beds, you are to} begin digging or trenching them only a fingle {pit dcep,keeping your trench open, at leafi two or three foot, as you do in common garden-trenching; and having a wheelbarrow of dung, long and fhort mix’d together, always handing by you, fill the bottom of your trench therewith, up- on which dung you are to place your potato-eyes, as they were before prepar’d, at about fiVe or fix inches afundcr, and When they come" to grow , there will be produc’d not above one or two roots at molt , but thofe large and well fed. To 379 380 'A SU‘P‘PLEMENT to lTO proceed; having planted one trench, with the earth that follows in the next, and which you mark out with a line at two or three foot wide, as you do in com- mon trenching, take that mold and throw over your potato’s planted upon dung, as is before directed ,- and {0 proceed from trench to trench whillt you are gone quite thro’ your bed. It is proper for me to obferve, that the ufe of this dung plac’d at the bottom, as I have directed, is nor only to make the roots grow fingle ; but it has another convenience, and that is the making the potato’s run and fpread themfelves at jufl fuch a determinate depth, which is no {in-all advantage to them, in their grow~ ing large. The lafi thing to be done to them is in April or [Way (for you plant them in Feér. or Alarcb) as you fee them begin to fpring, dig the earth out ofthe alleys, as you do your afparagus, and cover your potato~ bed about five or fix Inches thiner, and this will give new life and vigour to the root, will deprefs the green from running too. much to haulm, and will caufe the root to grow much the larger for it. And. The 79mm; Kitchen Gardiner. And thus they have almofi double the crop of good large potato’s, as you would have if you were to plant them promif— cuoufly as we do in England. A potato requires little culture all the year afterwards, only the pulling out form: ‘ of the large& weeds 5 and if they are alit- tle in the fhade, to fereen them from the drying heat of the fun, it is fo much the better; they are feldom, or never, that I can hear of, water’d. As to beans and peafe, it might have Of‘ 5”,“, been noted, that the belt early bean is Pee/stre- that from Liséon, and fo call’d the Lit- ban or Y’artugal bean, which bears well, and comes in early 5 and isa much better one to eat, than the hotfpur, Gafport, or Spamfl: bean 5 but then for the main crop, the l/defar out does them all 5 and there lhould be {0 much care taken of this in- valuable manna, that the owner may (as it is eafie and praéticable enough he ihould) have thefe kind of beans every month 5 I may add alfo every week in the Summer, by {owing them one under ano. ther; but it muft be obferv’d, that they require a firong hearty land,or they won’t be (0 good, whereas the early ones will do belt on fandy light foil. As 1)., M H .382 M'SUTT.L,EME.NTto As to peafe, the-earliefi and befi/thatI know. of in England is thefeen hotfpur, 'fo call’d from a place of thatname- near the Tevizex, where tho’ abOve eighty smiles diltant, yet they have them as ;foon as any where about London. :T his kind of “pea, is, '1. doubt net, by this tithe plenty enough to be had in the _ ,fee‘d'lhops iniand about London; .butif ~.not,they maybe MIC“ furnifhed with it by Mr. Matt/yew Figgem .at the $evizes,an «eminent dealet this way. Whereare palfo‘ :t-O be fold fome of i the heft fruit and fo- 'refi trees,~that the Wcfi, or \peiihapsany other part of England, afi‘otds. There is alfo .another.kind of ,peal have omitted, which by the name feems ._ to be of: theNorthBriti-jb exttaé’t.ion,,and -is call’d Frazier’s nonfat/.2. «It is agtey. .pca, and-is planted much in Leiccfler, and . N attinglyamjhire ; andxmay. be hadof z Mr. 701m Kirk Gardiner at Nottingham; and '11 believe it is prepagated site in many . places in the Weft, though «not known -~by that name. Its excolleney coufifisiin this, that if youiflick thehaulm; f0 asto‘ keep it from running on the ground,; the «(talks will .advance, and you may: have green young .peafe, one under another. for The Trafiieal Kitchen Gardiner; for three or four months together fuccef. lively, and tho’ agrey pea is a very good eater. And this mull be look’d upon as a good qualification, for that if your other kinds {hould by the great heats of the weather come in all together, here you are fure of a fucccffion : but fame of thefe, and all Otherpeafe, fhould be fow’d a little in the ,flaade, to keep a fucceffive crop back; and this is all that Ithink requifite at prefent to add on this head. 8 E c T. XI. C HA P. LXXVIIL 0f We! incidental works, of thht rel gular care that ought to he in a kitchen gardiner s and of the method whzch a gentleman mayjudge of the management of his garden. Here is already, in a foregoing feétii on, a particular method fet down for the {owing and planting of all garden feeds, and plants; but as there are many other incidental works, and a very uni~ form and regular care that attends the propagation of kitchen vegetables, and in which, whoever is deficient, it is not likely 3'18 ‘3 38+ A SUTTLEMENT to’ likely his plantation lhould flourilh; nor can any gentleman that has nor been us’d to works of this kind, really judge when his fervant does right or wrong ; or at lealt whether he takes all thofe preliminary fieps that are proper towards the attain~ ment of that end, which after great ex. pence he expects : FOr it is no incon- fiderable thing to underfland certainly, (which will be the fubiect of this and the followmg Chapter) not only what provi- lions a kitchen garden well maintain’d and order'd may furnilh us with in every {eafon of the year; but likewife what works, (as well as the lealbns of fowing) are to be done by an able indul’trious gar- diner : But yet (I fay) all this is not e« nough to make a gentleman fo knowing, as to be able to give himfelf the pleafure of judging certainly, by viewing of his garden, whether his lei-vant proceeds as he ought, or whether it be indeed well llock’d or no, as to want nothing it ought to have. Tho' in fine, (how careful foever a l‘ervant is) we muff not expefi always to find in it all the advantages we are behold- ing to gardiners for; we know indeed, that it {hall bring forth provilion for the whole year 5 but we know very well too, that The Trafii‘cal Kite/.2072 Gardiner. 38 S that for example, in the winter months we hardly fee any of its Produflions, the molt part of them being carried out, and laid up in fiore-houfes, and conferva~ tories; and even, amongl‘t the plants that are to be feen in it at Other times, that have not attain’d~ to their perfection, which the unlearned owner might l‘up- pofe ought to make a figure in his garden 5 tho’ perhaps they require two or three, and fometimes five or fix months time to arrive to it, then perhaps the honefl: gardiner is unknowingly blam'd. Thus it is in the beginning of the fpring. with all legumes or edible plants, and green things,ancl thus too it is in the Sum mer, with the principal produce of Other Seaions : upon which confideration, it can’t be thought impertinent, nor unufe— ful to Ihew yet a little more particular-I 1y, wherein confii‘ts the exeelleney and accomplifhments of a kitchen garden‘,(and its gardiner) judging fitl‘t of the labour and works we ought to find doing in it; and then fecondly, what we ought to find in it every time we go there. . , _ . _ _ 7/26 [dim/7‘ As for the works of care that ought to my M_ be done in this, as well as the preceding/En of a months; we lhould be fatisfied if we find ";""5“‘-"" glut/£71 it; (‘ C 111 January, 'fl SUT?LEA!ENTI0 in it a reafonable quantity of mofs, long llraw, or l’traw- skreens, wherewith you . may cover your peafe and beans in cafe of rigid fevere weather; alfo that the fquares of artichokes and beet-chards be well cover d with long dung 5 and in the fame manner alto fellery, endive, com- mon parfley, (76. particularly peafe and beans may be eafily fheltered in all hard weather by mofs and firaw thrown over them, being firlt of all earth’d up to the very top with the hoe; and if the ground be coldilh or clayey land, drawn gently up with it. Thofe who {ow their early cucumber feed on hot'beds, in order to cut the be- ginning of [Wart/9, ought to have them ready to ridge out from the fecond bed the beginning of this month, and then they may cut them thus early, provided theirplants be healthy, and not fiunted for want of regular heat in the bed. Now it is that winter collyflowers, let-‘ tnce, forrel, mint, and the fallet furniture in frames or glalles are cover’d duly every night: forif it be done one night, and left undone anorher, it will do more more hurt than good. The fame may be faid of alparagus that is forced, which tho’ the 3 glallEs The Trafiz'ml Kitchen Gardiner; glaflles be left teel’d up with a brick, to let out the (team, yet the covering of mats lhould not be omitted: likewifc al- fo thofe beds of this kind that are cold, and where the afparagus comes by nature, there {hould be a good covering of rot- ten dung to keep the frol’t out of the bed, and to prefcrve thofc tender buds that thew themfelves firfi. Alfo we ought to fee that all Other kitchen plants are laid up fafe in fand, as carrots, parfnips, fome turneps, fcorzo- nera, falfify, skirrets, fellery, endive,z’9r. for the weather may chance to be {0 hard that .there can be none taken up that re-. main without doors. The novelties of the fpring, fuch as cucumbers, melons, falleting, e’rc. {hould be carefully attended. And if we find all beds of forrel, parlley, (5%. clean from weeds, and mixt with dung to prefervc them; and fame beds of mint and tarra- gon, the alleys dug out, and hot dung put in to advance them, with glafs frames or bells oVer them; or fee fuch plants took up, earth and all, and placed on hot-beds, to bring it in early 3 and, laftly, if we find the walks and alleys kept neat and clean, and garden tools or utenlils C c 2 not 387, '388 A SU‘PTLEMENT to not neglected, what then ought not to be laid in praife of that gardiner? But to proceed: This being the general account of what is to be done this month, let us deiceiid to fome particulars. To continue to make hot-beds for cu- cumbers, melons, and young falletin-g. To continue to make beds for afpara- gus, or to endeavour to forward it, by digging the cold mold out of the alleys, and putting in long hot dung. To force beds of lbrrcl, mint, and tar- ragon, in the fame manner. To tie up with bands of l‘traw, in fair weather, the tops of lettuce—leaves that have not cabbaged; as alto endive, cher- vil, 291. and to lay a little long dung to help prei‘erve thofe plants. To raiie lirawberries on hot-beds: And fome there are that low parfley, with ra- difhes like\vile, in cafe you are like to want that valuable pot-herb in the fpring. To cover peafe and beans by mofs, (476. as before. To be always carrying dung out of the melon ry, (yr. and digging and trench- ing your ground till it is done, which ought indeed to have been all ended the 12:9: month. In Tile Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. 389 In and about London, in this month, Tire/460m we mul’t certainly expect to fee the be- ”WW/9" . . qfd kit's/fie ginning of a great deal of buf’tle and”, My”, a€tivity 1n garden- works, if the fnow andw 1%wa froft is over; and now it is that it willry appear who are the gardiners that have been idle, by their not furnilhing us with thOfe things which the skilful and dili- gent ones fupply us with; and by neg- leéting to fow their grounds, which for the moft part lie unfown, tho’ the wea- ther be open, and they have leifure for fo doing, towards the middle or latter end . There ought to be no more time loft in fowing of the firfi feeds that are to be fown in the naked earth, and of which we have fpoken in the works to be done about the end of yanuary. Good gar- diners ought to cover with frelh mold the cold beds which they have fown with their tender feeds, for fear the waterings and great rains fhould beat down the earth too much, and render its fupetficies too hard for the feeds to pierce and {hoot through: they lhould alfo bank up their cold beds tightly with a fpade and take, ’ to prevent haf’ty rains from fpoiling the form of them , and in fine, if they have never fo little of the fpirit of neatnefs C c 3 in 390 HSUTTLEMENTM in them, they {hould not fail to take away all the l‘tones and rubbilh the rake meets with in its way. The l‘qnares defign’d for parfley, oni- ons, chibonls and leeks, and in fine, all feeds that are tedious in coming up, and for that reafon require to be fown earlier than ordinary, lhould be now prepared, becaufe they are long a rearing; fueh are all forts of roots alfo, viz. carrots, parihips, beets, feorzonera, (ye. Some time this month fow purflain, and be {owing a little radifh feed in warm places, to come one under another, eve- ry week in this and the following month. flfgmomndum. Radilhes muf’t be tied up in bunches, and put to fieep in water, or elfe they will wither, and retain too biting a tafie. You fiill continue to make hot-beds for thefe and other {mall falleting ,- but they need not now be f’trong, and only cover’d over with mats laid upon bended roda ‘ rm x’.«z/10.7r it is now time for one to give the fame ”X‘szlifb advice to the‘country gardiner that. lies ,:,, mm.” more difiant from London, that I did to :71" March- the neat-home or city one in the begin‘ ning of the lafi month; for as the foil in the. Tbé Trafiical Kin/am Gardiner. the country is generally heavier, it wou’d be to little or no purpofe to advife him to {ow as early as they do about town, where the natural goodnefs of the foil, added to the great quantities of dung and cole-afhes that are laid thereon, makes the ground much more mellow than c0un- try foils are; but by the Viewing (whe— the: or no the country gardiner has trench’d and laid his ground in ridges all the winter, {0 as to melioratc and make it fit for ufc in the lpring) will be dif- cover’d his diligence and iOre-cai’t; as his neatnels will appear alfo by the carrying of all thofe (tones and weeds that are ta- , ken out of the quarters of his garden in fuch trenching. ‘ As in this month the fun begins to pleafure us both with indifl‘erent fair and pretty long days, and nature begins to be Vifibly warm and afiive, {o alfo all good gardincrs lhould with new applica— tion and frefh vigour befiir themfelves in all parts of their gardens, and purfue thofe works that the inclemency of the feafon might not permit them to do in the bit month; [0 that if the extent of the gar- den be pretty large, and the number of labourers proportionable, you may with C C 4. plcaliu‘e, 391 392 LA SUSP‘PLEM'ENT to pleafure, at one cat“: of your eye, fee them digging, making up, fowing, rak- ing, planting, howing, weeding, (yr. for in fine, before this month be out, there ihould i‘earce be a fquare or bed in the garden but what ihould be either fown or planted. All that was cover'd with dung {hou’d be now dii‘charg’d of its covering, and, it being pretty rotten, dug in to enrich the roots, fueh as afparagus, artichokes, and the like; for it now begins to be tedious, as {con as it ceafes to be necei- i‘ary, and every thing that is hard ought to breathe the open air, which now be- gins to chear bOth animals and plants. Neatnefs and politure ought now par- ticularly to glitter everywhere, and ferve tor a varnilh to the alleys and the drefsd grounds,t that together with the firf’r dawn- ing of the tiling greenrhat appears in this and the following month, is now ipting~ 1ng out of the womb of the teeming earth, and nature is every where as it were in its youth and gaiety. I have been very particular in my monthly direc‘tions, concerning the feeds, (3%. to be {own and planted this month, which are indeed almoli innumerable; ‘ but: The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner} 393 but as I may have omitted fome things, let me admonilh that fellery, which is near a month in coming up, be now fown, if it was omitted in the months foregoing. Purflain {hould now be {own in great quantities; and about the beginning en- dive; as fhould allb a third or fourth crop of prafe, and in general all thofe that are large, as the ‘Dutc/a admiral, egg-peale, and the like; all in the belt and richelt foils you have. In this month likewife you ought not to omit making your new afparagus beds, [owing great quantities of lettuce, flig- ‘ ing and planting out your artichokes to come in late: but as l have been very particular in thefc things already, I omit any farther mention of them. In this month (if the gardiner has em- Tie/.1591” ploy d his time well in the 1219:) there 15 ”’1” 55;: not much to be done new, unlels it be an m. 1,6”- augmentation of hot beds for melons and £4746” 1'71 cucumbers. The fowing and planting bo- Apri rage, buglofs and other lecds that come up quick, the tranfplanting beds of the roots of mint, tarragon and balm, or the pot—herbs thyme, {weer matjoram, hyflbp, ‘2 J 394- 'ASUTTLEMENTto hyflbp, [ya for which the hilt month was a little too harlh. The diligent Gardiner does neverthelefs continue to fow his latter crops of peafe and beans, which he purfues all this and the next month. At the beginning of this month ridge your main crop of melons ; or it might have been donelate 1n Marc/y. Now all forts of fweet herbs are to be (own. And the {owing of a few lettuce to come late in the year is fiill to be continued ; fome defer lowing the main crop of kidney-beans till this month; but that might have been done the lali, in good rich foil and fine dry weather; fome put dung in the bottom of the drills. This and the next months are remark- able for the pains and care the gardiner is at in keeping his young crop clean from weeds, and letting them at a due diflancc one from another, and the plentiful ihowers that generally fall make this an a— greeable month. Make beds for muih- rooms this month, if you have earth pr0~ per by you. At the coming in, and indeed during Bathe continuance of this whole month, " ‘”‘_ what contentment is there, that is not found The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner; found in ufeful gardens; and how great are the fweets and enjoyments we begin then to tafle? there is now no longer oc- cafion to demand why fuch and l‘uch {pots of ground are yet bare; becaufe you are now going to be fupply’d with colly- flowers, cardons, fellery , cabbage let- tuces, and even artichokes too, which could nor appear more early; and now alfo purflain comes in in great plenty by nature to gild the earth, and offers it felf in abundance to pleafurc its mailer; green peafe are like to fatisfy the longing appe- tite of the dainty pallate in abundance; and inuflirooms {hoot up in crowds. But how pleafing foever thefe {cenes are, the gardiner had great need to be up- on his guard to prevent his garden falling into diforder, becaufe ’tis molt fure, that if they be not now cxtremly careful and laborious, there is no difafier but they may expeét; their melons are not yet out of danger, tho’ their cucumbers may; pernicious weeds will in a little time choke up all their good feeds, their walks and alleys will be overgrown ; for which reafon it highly behovcs him to be extremely watchful in the weeding, ma- nuring, cleanfing and howing of all his kitchen 39 396 d SUTTLEAIENT to kitchen crops, that the weeds get not a head upon him. He now makes a full end of flipping artichokes, to plant out for his lafl crop towards Cbrz’fimm. He alfo fows a great deal more lettuce, to come in late; and likewife the chief crops of endive and later fellery for au- tumn; fiill continuing to plant out that which was fown in the former months in trenches or banks to earth up. “flu: NW" The great heats of this and the follow- Zf‘ffxfigring months are fuch that it is impoflible in; gal-m: to be in the garden in the middle of the "’ im‘c' day, with any plealure: but what charms does the \‘ifiting it morning and evening afford, when the cool breathings of a gentle Zephyr reign there with fovereign (way! All the fquares of the garden are now cover’d with green herbs,which compleats that natural tapellry with which the ground is or ought to be adorn’d; we gather, in all parts of the garden, fuch things as are ready and proper for it; and at the fame time, with an agreeable pro- fulion, difiributc all thol‘e plants that are become lb beautiful and accompliih’d as to fill up other places, which we now do, f0 The ?mc‘7iml Kite/1m Gardiner; fo that there hardly ever remains any part or {pace of our garden void; and nature now affeéts no better divertifement than to be amazing us with miracles of fertilty, {o well aflified as {he is by the fun, that father of light; only now and then the auxiliary refrelhment of convenient moif— ture is wanted; that moifiure which the propitious clouds fometimes abundantly pour down, tho’ fometimes too the in- dufirious gardiner is oblig’d to fupply their deficiency in time of need. Now the cold beds and counter borders, levell’d and adjuf’ted {0 even to a line, and f0 well furnilh’d with cabbage lettuces, what pleafure do they not afford to thole that behold them? That foreft of arti- chokes of different colours, which appear in a {elect and particular place, how much do they call upon us to come and admire them! and more efpecially to judge of their goodnels and delicacy. In this month continue the planting out fellery and leeks in trenches, to whiten againfl winter, for the ufe of the cook in foups; of which the London gar- diners make much money. _ Replant alfo your beet-chatds, to be ready againfi Au- gufl. As 397, 398 'A SUTT‘LEMENT to As for culture, grofs foils muf’t be often flir’d and manur'd, or elfe they will grow hard and crack, efpecially about this time, this being the molt proper fcafon of the year for luch flirting and manuring. For which fee my directions in the Traflical Fruit Gardiner, printed for Mr. Woon- WARD, at the Half-Mom overagainfl St. szm/hm’s Church in Fleet/heat. The beft time to flit dry grounds in, is either a little before or after rain, or e- ven whiltl the rain is falling, that [0 the water may the more fwiftly penetrate to the bottom, before the great heat comes and turns it into vapour, and the fun ex- hales it. And for moill foils we mul’t wait for hot and dry weather, to dry and heat them before we Ilir them ; and fome there are, and that with good reafon, that prick in a little fhort rotten dung, even then to enrich the ground, and to help to keep it moifi and cold. Careful gardiners make dykes (in all cold grounds efpecially) to carry off the gluts of water that fall about this time in hafly fhowers, that {hall correfpond with thole that are on the boundary or outfide of the garden. But if it be a hot light ground, then there {hould be con-- veyances The Traflical Kite/9m Gardiner; 399 veyances to turn the water in‘ to water the crops there growing, (as may be feen in my Fruit Gardiner, in the plan for watering gardens,) and the edges of the beds and fquares fhould be hollow’d up to hold fuch water; on the contrary, the ridges, quarters or beds, in'cold lands, {hould lie rounding, to throw thefe fum- mer floods of. We may yet, towards the latter end, fow peafe, to have them in September; but it begins to be too late for beans; however a few may be tried. Thefe months require a good deal of 7723 [mm- application and activity in a gardiner, in ””Mrifilff many points that contribute towards the 3,: ”$1,213,, furnifhing a kitchen in the winter, toinJGIYW-V’ which they both contribute, which has Augul‘l“ made me join them together. He is indeed releas’d from all the trou- bles of his hot-beds; but then there are continual irrigations and \Vaterings requi- fite, not only to enlarge what is now coming to perfection, but to preferve alive all thofe new-planted things that are defign’d for the winter; in all which the gardiner will find himfelf continually en— gaged. About the middle or latter end of jabs or 4-00 'A SUTTLEMENT to or perhaps fodner‘; the greens of onions, ‘ carrots, beets, parfnips, é'c. fhould be trod or rowl’d down with a heavy wooden or {tone rowler; or elfe their leaves {hould be cut fhortcr, to make the roots grow bigger, by hindring the fap from fpend- ing it felf above ground. Endive, and the later lettuecs, are fiill fown, to have them good at the latter end of the year; as are alfo radiihes, in cool places, and well Watered, to have“ them fit to draw towards the middle of flztgz/fl, or beginning of September. In flzzgufl many cabbage and colewort plants are {ct out, for the end of autumn, or beginning of winter; and now and then towing and pricking out favoys. Endive, and many of the late lettuces, are replanted towards the middle of flit- gufl, for autumn and winter. The old items of artichokes are now to‘ be cut off, where the artichokes are ga- ther’d ; and the towing fpinage, to be firong before the winter, is continu'd. Collyflowers are to be {own and plant- ed out, in this and the preceding months, at feveraltimes, one under anorher, and the laii crop of l‘ellery, endive and leeks, for whitening, are to be furrow’d, the middle, CV ‘ ‘f'\ The Traflital Kittbén Cardin? . 40: middle, or at farthef’t the latter end of Augufl. The moderate temper of air which now They/1150:)“ keeps an agreeable medium between the gaging? great heat of the dog—days newly pail, and a?” gm”: the bitter cold that is to bring on WHEEL? SCP‘Em‘ invites the inhabitants of cities and con-65:17,“, fin’d places to fally out and breath the free air of the country; and tho' there are a great many curiofities of the garden p39: and gone, yet there remains fome peafe and beans, abundance of artichokes, fome collyflowers, and fruits are yet plenty; {0 that in fine, fuch is the coolnefs, fercnity and filence of thefe two months (efpecif ally 067050) that I can’t think it is excell’d by any one of the twelve. But the indul’trious gatdiner is not with— out his {bare of the labour and toil of this month (I mean Septeméer) for as foon as any fquare is disfurnifh’d of onions, gar- lick, Ihallots, roccambo, {71. then pre- fently he is follicitous to fill it again with fpinage, chervil, winter carrots, life/fl) onions, (7’6. for the fpring. _ The fame courfe is to be taken with beds where fummer lettuce has been, which (hould be fuccecded by a great num- ber of endiye plants, winter lettuces,_ ra— D d difhes, 4oz flSUTTLEAIENTto diihes, and thelike. Thus far in general. But to come to particulars ; now it is that frefli beds {hould be made for mulli- rooms, becaufe you may now find, on the downs, where their fibres are to be gor. We continue planting out winter cab- bages and collyflowers, as alfo favoys. Late fellery, during this and the Jail month, is bound up together with bands made of I’traw or mats, and being planted in a trench is carth’d up by degrees; and {0 may leeks to whiten, and endive that flands on ridges between the {aid fellery. The belt winter endive, if it be a light foil, is fown from the middle of Aggy]! to the middle of September, but if it be on a fironget heavier foil, it fhould be {own fooner , and this will keep while the Lent following; whereas endive that is come to full grthh before the cold wea- ther comes to flop it, is apt to attempt to feed, and come to nothing. It mufi be COV‘er’d in frof’ty weather, to prevent the cold rorting it to the very heart, which caution being obfe1v’d, it will keep long, even till its concomitant fellery is quite gone. I need but jull mention, that all forts of roots, as carrors, parliiips, feorzonera, falfify, The Trafiiml Kitchen Gardiner. falfify, potatoes, e’yvc. fliould be taken up in one of thefe months, elfe they will grow worm-eaten and Watry, and be fpoil’d; but the parfnip will keep longer in the ground than any; all thefe roors {hould be put in fand, flratumfltperflm— tum, laid in an open cellar or conferva- tory,’ and cover’d over with clean Wheat- firaw in all frol’ty weather. The indufirious kitchen gardiner will alfo take all the wet days and convenient opportunities he can for roping his oni- ons, and tying his garlick, {ballots and roccarnbole up in bunches, to hang in the chimney, during the Winter, inafmuch as that will preferve them better than lying on a floor. That he is to gather in dry, thrafh and cleanfe all kind of feeds, I need but juf’t mention. 4o 3' This month and the next I call a kind 775,0 [Am of an artificial fpring, for by means of am plrcfiz‘: (.7 A? PL)“ hot-beds we have all or molt of thofeg,Z tar?“ things that the real fpring produces , littlcmchm- falletings, {uch as lop lettuce, chervil, creflcs and muflard are weekly fown. The planting lettuce under frames and glalles, under which there is little dung, is flill continued. D d 2. As 404 A SUTTLEM’ENT to As is alfo afparagus, as dircé’ted in the foregoing treatii’e, concerning that plant ; as alfo beds of a flower degree of heat, for mint (the feafon for lamb being now coming in 3) as alfo tarragon, to mix a- mongfi fallets; forrel for leveral ufes be- longing to the cook; endive, fuccory, Macedonian parfley, (’76. for the fame. The planting out of lettuces in good flielter, and over a little warm dung, to cabbage in the fpring, may yet be done, efpecially in the beginning or middle of this month. As foon as the froi’rs begin to appear, vou mufl begin to life the (and, mofs, and long dung, which has been carefully brought before, and laid up in needful places; for exampl e, if it be a little to- wards the North, to ferve infiead of a iinall flielter, till you cover them quite; or elfe, if you are prefs’d with work to be done ell‘ewhere, you mufi' cover them prcl‘ently; always taking care, however, before we cover them, to cut off all that looks a little rotten or withered from them. A little of this covering ferves againit the firii attacks, but the careful gardiner mutt redouble them as the cold augments. They The fPraé‘z‘iml Kitchen Gardiner; They who are not provided with long dung, may ufc the ferapings up of leaves, fern, peafe-haulm, (5'0. but take care of mice. For the covering or fecurity of pcafe, if the ground be heavy, land them up to the very top, ‘but met fo as to cover them quite, then lay a little mofs, which will be a very {oft covering for them, and there will a proper quantity of air per- fpirc thro’, fuch as will keep them green, and not fufi‘er them to grow yellow; af- ter that, if the feafon be hard, you may lay on wheat flraw or fern which you pleafe, for the mofs will preferve the heads of the pcale fr0111.b1u1f11g Beans may be preferv’d the fame way, but the coverings of firaw fhould be laid by in fun- {hiny warm weathe1, and it is well for peafe and beans both to be {own on the fide of grounds that are trench’d into 1idges, becaufe the ridge being on the back of it keeps OFF the Eaficrn C)and Northern cutting winds. Now begin making beds for mufh- rooms, as directed, p. 325, 326, 327, (76. of this treatile. If there me any artichoke-heads yet re- maining, take them up, and carry them . D d 3 into 405 406 H SU'fP?LEMENTto into your eonfervatory, with a bunch of mold to the root of each of them, and you may preferve them a month or fix weeks longer. The green kind are the hardieit for this purpofe. This is the month alfo for removing collyflowcrs with balls of earth to them, to be let in beds of earth in the warm cel— lar or confervatory, to keep a month or two longer; Or they may be preferv’d a- broad, by large bells and a covering of litter over them. The beginning of the month, before the froft comes, you are to leave of ty- ing up endive, and towards the middle or latter end you mui‘t take up fome of that which is the forwardefi, I mean of your foregoing crops, and put them in {and in your confervatory, as you mutt do fellery, Spanifli cardons, leeks, (75'. that you may have them ready at the cook’s command, in cafe of very hard froft and fnow; tho’ all of them will keep well enough, efpecially {ellery and leeks, in the naked earth, when well co- ver’d. But it is to be noted, that when once fellery is whitened it muf’t be eaten, otherwife it will (con grow pipey or rot, fo that this valuable root requires to be rais'd The Traffiml Kitchen Gardiner. rais’d one under another as much or more than any other the kitchen garden pro- duccs. Towards the middle or latter end you begin in good carnef’t to make your beds for the forcing of afparagus; for the man- ner of whicho lee Sefi. III. C/aap. XXXIlL. [9,172,621. of this treatife. The days being now very fhort, the 111— dufirious gardincr fhould employ his ap- prentices and other fervants in working by candle-light till {upper-time, either in making of firaw-fcreens and coverings for his fruit trees, or thofe pcafe and beans that are grown high above the ground, or in roping .of onions, placing roots, endive, (’70. as before—mentioned, in his cellars in fand; for the works of the garden are many in the day-time. In this and the next month, ought your ground that is now pretty clear (the pro- ducc having been carried into the con~ fervatory or eaten) to be well dung’d (I mean thole quarters that are in the mof’t need of it) and laid up in ridges or trenches for the whole winter; for the doing this, and laying all the kitchen garden clean and ready for the crops to be {own in F8- émar} and Marc/1' following, before D d 4 C/Jrz’fl- 407 408 ‘Tl-a ,szr 'A SUT'PLEAIENT to (Nari/imam, and pruning and nailing comes in, {hews who is the indufirious provi- dent gardiner, and who not. To have radilhes at C/orz'flmas or Can- d/emas, they {hould be {own on a hot-bed under glafl‘es about the middle of this month; and it is requir’d for radilhes (as well as for all other falletings indeed) that we muff beat down with a board the fu~ perficies of the earth, to render it a lit. tlc lolid. Thofe that are {0 curious as to prick in their radifh feeds at two or three inches dil’tancc, two or three feeds in ahole, will not repent their labour. W e are now arriv'd to the laft Rage or Mireifil‘month of the year, I mean ‘December, of (1 [fiz- I-fi «arm which {till requires fomc activity in our her. :27 Deccm< indullrious gardiner, whether it be to vi- {it thofe things which he has caf’t an um- brel or covering over in open ground, or what is his molt confiant and anxious care, his cucumbers, alparagus, lettuce, and mullirooms, all growing on hot-beds, which daily and hourly renew his care, and to an honcli and willing mind his grateful task. If it be a pertinent caution given in all months to renew the careof that going ‘ before: The Traifiml K ire/am Gardiner; before, certainly it is requir’d in this, for the earth in gardens is now firip’d of all its ornaments, and the frof’t, which is often fevere in this month, {pares no body’s gardens, but unmercifully deflroys all it meets with, and therefore it con~ cerns the careful gardiner either to finifll well the coverings, or to houfe all that was omitted in the month of November, fuch as endive, cardons, fellery, arti- choke-roots, collyflowers, beet-chards, leeks, ('76. And above all things, we mufl be care- ful to preferve all thofe novelties which we have begun to advance by art, as peafe, beans, cabbage lettuce, and little fallets, to avoid the difpleafure of feeing perilh in one bitter night what we have been labouring two or three months to advance. Some more early pcafe, for a fuceef- fion, {hould now be fown; as alfo hot— beds made, for lettuces to cabbage early Under fquare glalTes or frames, to plant out in the latter end of jammy, or be- ginning of Feéruary, and to come in when the winter lettuces are going, or gone. But thefe and all other lettuces ought to be often vifited; as does endive, Eye. 4 to 409 410 ASUTTLEMENTto to pull, off all the rotten leaves, other~ wife one decay’d leaf will foon ror ma- ny Others, as it is obfervablc in auricula’s in the flower garden; and the beds where lettuces are {hould be often recruited with moderate heat, it being now a very tender plant. And thus have we gone thro’ the la- bour, and alfo the profits that naturally occur in the whole twelve months of the year; in which may be obferv’d the con~ tinual care and concern that a good gar- diner is or ought always to be in ; let us now know the particular produce of this his labour, and what every gentleman may reafonably expect from this good management of his kitchen garden, in all feafons of the year. SECT. X. CHAP. LXXX. An account of the produce that everygen- tleman, &c. ma} reafonahlj expec‘? from the good management of his kitchen garden in all fiafon: of the year. S a weleanaged garden, and the produce thereof, if in good fea- ions, and at proper times of the year, Iiilifl The Traffical Kitchen Gartlfibfrrl muf’t be a great fatisfaétion to the newer, I thought I could not finifh this treatife better than by giving a fhort account of what every gentleman may reafonably expeét, by way of retaliation for his ex; pence, in every feafon of the year; pro- vided he be really at the charge of drain- ing his ground well (if it be a clay) ac- cording to the direé’tions publifh’d in the Tmfiical Fruit Gardiner, under the title of fruit; and provided the ground (if it be not naturally a warm fand, but clayifll) be free from fllade, burn-bak’d; and mix’d with dung, cole-afhes, (ea, and great quantities of other common or lighter fand, and that the ground he of a proper depth, and liable to be well was» ter’d, and fenc’d in and fecur’d by warm hedges or fences of reed, pale, wall, or otherwife; to this may be added, that he be fure to get the bcfl feeds in their feve- ral kinds, and trench in a good depth of long dung or litter, old thatch, or waltc fitaw or haulm, into thofe borders that are to be {own with early things, f0 as to make the ground a little hollowifli, and confequently caufe the fupcrfluous moifiure to drain of apace; that you have at hand all glafl‘es and mats, mofs, bundles 4; Yeti an fl SUT?LEMENT to bundles of l‘traw, and the like, for the covering and fecuring your young and tender crops, and that your ground has been trench’d and expos’d to the froft in winter, and kept from weeds and well watered in {ummer, then, and on thefe terms it is that the willing owner may expeét Pry/arr of In yammgy, acontinuation of all thofe january. roots that were laid in {and in the fore- going months of 02705”, (76. red beet, feorzonera or lalfify, red and yellow car- rots, turneps, parlhips, dye. in plenty. You may have alfo finall collyflower— heads, if you dig them up earth and all, in November, and put them in a warm cellar or confervatory. Spanijb cardons, or artichoke chards, are now alfo in feafon; as is fellery, ali- fanders, endive, fweet fennel, common fuccory, and the like; as alfo heads of garlick, fhallot, roccambo, éc. out of the confervatory. You have in the open air cabbages of many forts, elpecially the favoy, a molt excellent lal‘ting winter dilh; as alfo all the hardy kinds of lettuce, with leeks and l/I/eljb onions, very hardy. On hot-beds you may have good green atparagus, T/ae ?mfiiml K itch”: Gardiner. 4.1 3 afparagus, if the weather be any thing tolerable and frofiy, near as good as that which grows in April or May. And by the help of hot-beds or heated path-ways, you may have very fine mint to eat with lamb (which is now plenty about London 5) as alfo forrel, for foups, (’70. little let- tuces, with tarragon, garden creffes, and the like; alfo chcrvil, an excellent aro- matick. There are likewife mufhrooms upon beds made on purpofe, which mufi‘ be carefully kept cover’d with long dry dung, to prevent the hard frofis from fpoiling them. The produce of February is f0 near m m- the fame with that of the lall: month, that 4’1““ ‘Ji '1‘ 3‘ it need not be again repeated; but by the rum" diligence of the gardiner, who is cover- ing and uncovering his frames, from al- mofl morning till night, all forts of young falleting, as radifhes, forrel, mint, é‘c. and afparagus, are in great plenty. \Ve have now the enjoyment of thofe 75, m- lettuces that were fown on hot-beds, and We ‘3; under fquare and bell glaifes, in the lat- M‘r‘ihi ter part of the year; as alfo fome radilhes, and other little falletings fown the two lafi months under frames and. glafl'es. About wt .-'A‘SUTTLEMENT to «About the 10th the induflrious gardiner ,cuts cucumbers. " ,l‘orc’d afparagus is alfo now in great .‘pl-mry; as is mint, tarragon, forrcl, (yr. but fellery begins to run to feed, and ngpipey. Some endive fiill remains to deck-gem winter fallet; and alifanders lor *Matfidonian parfley, if well managed, will fup‘pdy the place of fellery. ' Some {mall collyflower-heads are yet remaining, "if your cellar or confcrvatory be large. Spinage has remain’d all the winter, to ,boil (and an excellent boil’d fallet it is;) and Michaelmas carrots and onions are now eyery day pull‘d. 9%; pro- There are in this month abundance of dfi‘f'QfA‘ radifhes, fpinage, and other fmall: fallet— P ' - ings; V and now mint, tarragon, forrel, and Other. edible herbs, come in in great plenty -, as does afparagus naturally rais’d; and towards the latter end of this month we are looking after young bean and pea cods. ' By the beginning of this month alfo, by the extraordinary help of frames and glafles, may be expected flrawbcrries; but they fhould be mov’d, with clods of earth to them, in j‘anuarj, or the beginning of The Tmfiz'ml Kite/Jen Gardiner. 41 5 of February. The Virginia is the heft for this purpofe. Cucumbers are now plenty; and by the aforefaid help of frames and glaifes, French or kidney beans will fooncome— 111. Young carrots and radiflaes, on. beds temperately hot, now come in. This month is the mofl‘ fiourifhing 77,»: pro reign of the kitchen garden, for all flares a” ‘if of bverdures and green things, as fallets, y‘ radifhes, afparagus, cucumbers, peafe, (yo. and firawberries are now gleney. All paragus going ofl", cucumbers. are now four or five a penny; and the induflirious, gardiner is often vifiting his melonry, to fee how foon he may cxpeé} to cut, which may be about the 10th on nth. Spanifl: cardons, beet-chads, fellexy‘ and endive, begin now alfo to appear, for the furniture of thefollowing months. The firft collyflowers; from winter. plants come in likewifein this month; as do alfo young-carrots, and early-{own turneps; fo that in {hort-there‘is nothing now which you may not expecit, that, is delicate and fine. In plain and open ground, and with— Tl! M out any artifice, you have now all forts 313;” 4. of 4.16 ‘77)! praa d}!!! (f July. "A SUTTLEMENT to of falletings, and herbs for the kitchen and difiillory. Abundance of artichokes from the old fiems that have not been tranfplanted this feafon. ‘ Great flore of garden beans, French beans, and cucumbers, alfo young felle~ ry and endive, comes now again in vogue, Purflain, Roman lettuces and cucum- bers, are now the chief fallet. Collyflowers are now in abundance; but are likely to be rivall’d by the fitf’t coming in of the hollow RuflLz and Bat- terfea cabbagcs, which are the ncweft difh of this month. Young carrots and turneps are now plenty. This month produces a full and ample fupply of whatever was wanting in thofe preceding. There are now great plenty of {traw- bcrries, peale and beans, cabbages, cu— cumbers, melons, and all forts of fal- lets; alfo fome white endive, lellery for foups, radilhes, c’yc. And now is the chief crop of French beans; with variety of ‘Dm‘c/J admiral, marrow-fat, Spanijb, Moratto and wing peafe. Nor 7736' Trafiiml K iicbm‘ Gardiner. 4r 7‘ Nor is there any thing the kitchen gar- den produces, except afparagus, which is gone off, but what is in plenty, as are alfo fummer turneps and carrots. White endive and fellery now come in Tb: pm in great abundance, to fuecced the let- ’i’m’ {if tuces, cucumbers and purflain, which nOw mg“ ‘ begin to go of. Some crops of collyflowers, tho’ not many, fiill continue to fuccecd one ano—- . ther, and cabbages are very plenty: the invaluable favoy alfo begins to come in after the borecolc and broccoli, which we have had for fome time. We continue {till to have all forts of green herbs, and kitchen roots, as car-s rots of two kinds, and turneps, in great plenty; alfo melons, pttmpions, onions, garlick, fhallots and roccambo. Succeflive crops of beans, peafe, and lettuce, are {till fecn at the tables of the curious; tho’ now the owner of a gar- den mul‘t begin to take his farewel of every thing that is very good 5 except ar— tichokes from plants planth out in the fpring, with which the gardens in and about London are cloth’d for thefe two or three ‘months. E e Beetf 418. 77‘: fra- (5.11th 0/“ Septem- her. A SUTTLEAIENT to Beet- chards begin now to come in; and tu1neps and carrots are now plenty, and la1ge, fit for a family , and cabbages are grown very la1ge. The roots of {cor- zonera, fallify, skirrets, (3‘62 might haw: been 11de in this and the p1ecedin , v M V Y > . :3 { I. g ‘ . .5. 0‘- fl . . _. , Bikini?» Eh; hfisniifriQ. . \ fizuar! i. ie‘ix 3b git}! a}? a- m» a A - . n . n u ‘ . O i . ._ v luv-M a ~¢‘w.{-